PMID- 801229 TI - [The action of formocresol in permanent teeth with chronic pulp exposure due to caries]. PMID- 801230 TI - [Cultures: accept or reject them?]. PMID- 801231 TI - [Analysis of 35 years of the Mexican Dental Association]. PMID- 801232 TI - [Possible relationship of urinary lithiasis and some oral disorders]. PMID- 801233 TI - [Odontomas, bibliographic review]. PMID- 801234 TI - [Analysis of 35 years of the Mexican Dental Association. II]. PMID- 801235 TI - [Treatment of anterior open bite; a cephalometric and clinical study]. PMID- 801237 TI - [Doctor Georges Henry, 1898-1976]. PMID- 801236 TI - Direct adhesion of orthodontic appliances. PMID- 801238 TI - [Regional distributions of lung volumes, ventilation and transpulmonary pressures (author's transl)]. PMID- 801239 TI - [Experimental cryptococcosis of the mouse due to human and telluric cryptococcus strains. Mycological and histopathological aspects]. PMID- 801240 TI - [1st results of the histopathological diagnosis of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma from ultrastructural sections]. PMID- 801241 TI - [Cephradine for phleboclysis in patients with respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 801242 TI - [Salmonella typhimurium S neurotoxin effect on homologous bacteria]. PMID- 801243 TI - Light scattering assay of haemolytic antibody. (A rapid and sensitive non-flow procedure for quantitation of complement fixing activity). PMID- 801244 TI - [Dynamic exploration of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis]. PMID- 801245 TI - [Union of compound resins and conditioned enamel--resistance to stress]. PMID- 801247 TI - [In memory of Prof. Pedro Garcia Gras]. PMID- 801246 TI - [Historical synthesis of world dentistry and Spanish legislation]. PMID- 801248 TI - [Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to administration of O chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) in the lungs, in cats]. PMID- 801249 TI - [Bioavailability of digoxin]. PMID- 801250 TI - [Clinical studies on myocardial infarct in patients over 60 years old. 164 cases]. PMID- 801251 TI - Officers and council of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt at the annual meeting March 1976. PMID- 801252 TI - Immunity and graft disease. PMID- 801253 TI - Removable fine silk sutures for operated upon recti muscles in squint surgery. PMID- 801254 TI - Relatively slowly growing non leukaemic unilateral orbital malignant lymphoma before giving metastasis. PMID- 801255 TI - Eccenteration of the orbit with lid skin preservation. PMID- 801256 TI - Neoplasm of the lacrimal sac. PMID- 801257 TI - Diagnosis of drug allergy in Ophthalmology. PMID- 801258 TI - [Value of immunology in the diagnosis of cutaneous onchocerciasis]. AB - In a study of 135 cases, the authors present the dermatologic lesions occasioned by onchocercosis, study and discuss the value of the following three diagnostic procedures: the skin Snip technic, the Mazzotti test, and indirect fluorescent antibody test as used in a region of Africa where onchocercosis is, with dipetalonemosis, the principal filariasis. The skin Snip showed positive in only 11,8% of cases while each of the other technics permitted diagnosis of more than 80% of cases studied. Use of the Mazzotti test in conjunction with indirect fluorescent antibody test proved the origin of dermatologic lesions to be onchocercotic in 100% of the study group while both tests remained negative for subjects in the control group. The authors conclude that, in individual practice the 3 tests should be used conjointly, while, for purposes of mass screening, the determination of fluorescent antibodies must be performed as an adjunct to clinical examination and skin Snip. PMID- 801259 TI - [Initial seroimmunologic survey of toxoplasmosis in Togo]. PMID- 801260 TI - [Future perspective in the use of disinfectants]. AB - The effects of different combinations of quaternary ammonium compounds (Sanitized, Sanigard) on faecal and soil organisms demonstrate the usefulness of these products (dilution 1/100,000). A contact time of 30 seconds to 4 minutes is sufficient for bacteriocidal activity. Materials treated with these compounds retain their bacteriocidal activity after 10 washes with boiling water and for over a month with normal usage. The disinfection of a door handle contaminated with Vibrio cholerae or Salmonella typhi destroys these bacteriae after 30 seconds and prevents re-contamination for a month. Therefore, they are very useful in the control of diseases caused by bad hygiene. PMID- 801261 TI - [Eye manifestations in colibacillus septicemia]. PMID- 801262 TI - [In memory of Prof. Delitala]. PMID- 801263 TI - Postcoital contraception--an appraisal. PMID- 801264 TI - The intrauterine progesterone contraceptive system. PMID- 801265 TI - [Biochemistry and function of acrosin and its inhibitors in fertilization with particular regard to clinical significance]. PMID- 801266 TI - Obituary. S.N. Cooper. PMID- 801267 TI - Dr. Samir Kumar Biswas. PMID- 801268 TI - Direct bonding with Directon adhesive. PMID- 801269 TI - Gram negative septic shock. PMID- 801270 TI - Kidney transplantation in the pediatric and adolescent patient with end stage renal failure. PMID- 801271 TI - Luther Leonidas Hill, Jr., M.D. PMID- 801272 TI - American doctors lead victory over yellow fever. PMID- 801274 TI - The Livingston legacy. PMID- 801273 TI - A view of nineteenth century therapeutics. PMID- 801275 TI - Signer of the Declaration of Independence; Dr. Lyman Hall of Georgia. PMID- 801276 TI - Dr. Walter Reynolds, Jr -- the inventor among us. PMID- 801277 TI - Colonial medicine. PMID- 801278 TI - Alabama medicine in 1776. PMID- 801279 TI - Literature. PMID- 801280 TI - [Statistical results of gastric surgery, including total resection, vagotomy, emergency and pediatric cases]. PMID- 801281 TI - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. 10. Factors involved in the starting material of M. lepraemurium for the growth in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 801282 TI - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. 11. Establishment of the ND-5 medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 801283 TI - [Attempts at growth of M. leprae in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 801284 TI - [The computer in the field of medicine]. PMID- 801285 TI - [Aida Wisotzki is retiring]. PMID- 801286 TI - [Leah Kleinman "Honorary Nurse of Jerusalem"]. PMID- 801287 TI - The Radix-Anchor system (II). The reconstruction of severely broken down single rooted tooth. PMID- 801288 TI - [Fixed bridge developed at a non-specialized prosthetic service]. PMID- 801289 TI - [In vitro studies of the properties of Biocalex in endodontic treatment]. PMID- 801290 TI - [Clinical research. XXIII. The normal curve]. PMID- 801291 TI - [The Instituto Nacional de Higiene and the Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Historical heritage and its relevance to the improvement of public health]. PMID- 801292 TI - Reidar Fauske Sognnaes, MA, DMD, PhD, schools of medicine and dentistry University of California, Los Angeles. PMID- 801293 TI - [Methods for designing dentures]. PMID- 801294 TI - Inventory of a Sixteenth Century pharmacy in Malta. PMID- 801295 TI - Malarial nehprosis. PMID- 801296 TI - The attributes of a master surgeon. PMID- 801297 TI - Healing by sorcery in 17th and 18th Century Malta. PMID- 801298 TI - The priest-physician in Malta and abroad. PMID- 801299 TI - [Tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 801300 TI - [Toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 801301 TI - [Leptospirosis]. PMID- 801302 TI - [Mycoses]. PMID- 801303 TI - [Tularemia]. PMID- 801304 TI - [Pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 801305 TI - [Q fever]. PMID- 801306 TI - [Ornithosis]. PMID- 801307 TI - Histophysiology of the pancreatic islets of Rana tigrina, treated with glucagon. AB - The effect of mammalian crystalline glucagon (0.5 mg and 2.0 mg/kg) on the blood glucose level and pancreatic islets of Rana tigrina was studied at different stages after its treatment. This frog is moderately sensitive to glucagon and exhibits hyperglycemia and regressive changes, primarily in the beta- and secondarily in the alpha-cells of the islet tissue. The effectiveness of the hormone depends upon the dose employed. The restricted damage in only a fraction of the alpha-cells indicates that this fraction is like the glucagon secreting alpha2-cells of mammals and is the source of glucagon in Rana tigrina also. PMID- 801308 TI - Immunofluorescent and migration inhibition studies in rats with experimental myocardial infarction. AB - The appearance of circulating anti-heart antibodies and myocardium-bound antibodies was demonstrated after experimental myocardial infarction induced by coronary ligation or high doses of isoproterenol in rats. Rat heart homogenate and mitochondria at 500 microgram/ml protein level inhibited the migration of leucocytes obtained from rats following myocardial infarction. The immunological consequences were similar in infarctions induced by coronary ligation or isoproterenol treatment. PMID- 801309 TI - [Fractures of the mandible: evaluation and treatment]. PMID- 801310 TI - [Dentistry before the Spanish era. The dentist at a service to the gods]. PMID- 801312 TI - [Analysis of 35 years of the Mexican Dental Association]. PMID- 801311 TI - [Circumpalatal wiring for fixation of prosthesis. A case of vestibuloplasty with skin transplant]. PMID- 801313 TI - [Benzydamine paste in the local treatment of some odontostomatologic manifestations]. PMID- 801314 TI - [Benzydamine in odontostomatology]. PMID- 801315 TI - [The oto-meniscal relationship of temporo-mandibular joint in the new-born man (author's transl)]. AB - Although they are anatomically immature at the time of birth, the temporo mandibular joints are able to ensure efficient suction due to the branchial blastema interposed between the two articular nuclei. This conjunctive formation is the principal factor in the constitution of the meniscus and its frena, the articular surfaces, the capsule and the ligaments. This constitutes not only an embryological but also a functional entity. The joint runs the risk of paying heavily for this functionnal availability, by its relationship with the ear-drum which is a potentially infectious cavity. In fact, at birth there is still evidence of the original branchial continuum between the unknit tympanal and squamosal in the shape of the posterior meniscal frenum, the conjunctivo-vascular isthmus which puts the vascularization of the mucosa of the ear-drum in communication with the very rich vascularization of the neonatal temporo mandibular joint. Therefore, 1/3 of the so-called congenital temporo-mandibular ankyloses, apparently without cause, could probably be explained by the otomeniscal relationship existing in the new-born baby and continuing during the first few months of life in the form of a conjunctivo-vascular link. PMID- 801316 TI - [The 7th sterno-costal articulation (author's transl)]. AB - A study of 200 human thoracic anterior walls (150 of adults and 50 of children) allows to distinguish 3 types of articulations at the internal extremity of the 7th costal cartilage: a lateral sterno-costal articulation, a prexiphoidian sterno-costal articulation and an articulation between the two 7th costal cartilages. Each type may or may not have an articulating space. The only diarthrodial articulating spaces are found at the level of the articulation between the two 7th costal cartilages. All the other articulations may be considered as symphyses which, with age, may present a non-synovial space. The different types of articulations vary with age, the 7th cartilages being closer together in the child than in the adult. In the child there is a characteristic vascular network between the sternum and the 7th costal cartilages. PMID- 801317 TI - [The histological modifications of genital system of oestradiol benzoate treated male rats (author's transl)]. AB - The histological structure of testis, accessory and mammary glands is studied in adult rats treated by oestradiol benzoate. These organs show an epithelial hyperplasia and a connectivo-muscular hypertrophy. The authors suggest that oestrogens stimulate the epithelial and fibromuscular growth generally, whatever the sex. PMID- 801318 TI - [Androgens and regression of the Mullerian ducts in the chick embryo: recent work (author's transl)]. AB - The twofold question has been examined whether the regression of the Mullerian ducts in the chick embryo is determined by testosterone and whether this androgen is being secreted by the testes. Mullerian ducts from 8-day-old male chick embryos were immersed in a 1 mu 1 volume of testosterone solutions ranging from 0,1 mM-nM. Regression, which had already begun at the time of the explantation in vitro, did not continue. After culturing testes from 10 day old chick embryos in the presence of 14C labelled sodium acetate, progesterone or dehydroepiandrosterone, search was made for the following radioactive androgens in the media: testosterone, androstenedione, androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstanediol and androstenediol, but none of them could be identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity. Filters were used just to get some idea about the molecular weight of the testicular hormone responsible for the regression of the Mullerian ducts. It seems that it would lie around 50 000. In view of these results, it is difficult to maintain the often advanced hypothesis which considers testosterone as the active substance. This may be a protein. PMID- 801319 TI - [The vascular patterns in choroid tela of the fourth ventricle in man (author's transl)]. AB - The human inferior choroid tela is vascularized by the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries and the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries. These arteries give off small choroid branches which supply the velate and choroid capillary networks. The latter drain downwards, into the posterior bulbar veins system, or upwards, into the veins of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, all of which are tributary to the two superior petrosal veins. PMID- 801320 TI - [Study of the testosterone action on quail and chick mullerian ducts in "in vitro" culture (author's transl]. AB - Right and left mullerian ducts of 6 to 9 days old chick embryos, 7 to 9 days old quail embryos and left differentiated ducts of chick embryos to 10 to 19 days of development are explanted on medium with testosterone. In "in vitro" culture, this hormone is able to provoke regressive phenomenons and the complete disapearance of mullerian epithelium; only a mensenchyme string subsists similarly to that observed "in ovo" during the involution of these gonoducts in the male embryos. The mullerian epithelial cells of the 19 days old female embryos undergo a quick autolysis. The action is selective, neither the Wolffian duct nor the mesonephros are attaqued. PMID- 801321 TI - [Vascularization of the sternoclavicular articulation (author's transl)]. AB - The vascularization of 110 Human sternoclavicular articulations is studied after injection of China ink with gelosa. The arteries of the sternoclavicular articulation arise from the internal mammary arteria and form a periarticular arch from which start the peripheric, sub-synovial and central networks. These networks, whose architectony is in relation with the functional structure of sternoclavicular articulation, drains in peripheric venous arches which join anterior jugular and mediastinal veins. PMID- 801322 TI - [Systematization of the angioarchitectony of the jejunum and the ileum in the adult human (author's transl)]. PMID- 801323 TI - [Hyaluronidase and chondrosulfatase in microorganisms isolated from the human gingival sulcus (author's transl)]. PMID- 801324 TI - [Clinical periodontal tasks: periodontal treatment evaluation provided per clinical hour (author's transl)]. PMID- 801325 TI - [System Ag-Sn properties in casting alloys in dentistry--Technical rules for its utilization. Phase I (author's transl)]. PMID- 801326 TI - [Tooth-extraction occurrence to the function of dental caries, periodontal disease, prosthetic indication and other causes, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (author's transl)]. PMID- 801327 TI - [Rehabilitation of speech problems due to phonation and articulation caused by bio-dental malformations and inadequate dental prosthesis]. PMID- 801328 TI - [History, pathogenicity, treatment and complications of focal infection]. PMID- 801329 TI - [Dentists of the 14th and 15th century in Barcelona]. PMID- 801330 TI - [Ampicillin in bucco-maxillary surgical infections]. PMID- 801331 TI - [Notes on refractory cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 801332 TI - [Study of the hypotensive effect of the combination of a new vasodilator agent (DL 150-IT) with clonidine in the presence of alphamethyldopa]. PMID- 801333 TI - [Study of the plasma activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 801334 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on various metabolic effects of vincamine]. PMID- 801335 TI - [Temporary protection for onlay preparations]. PMID- 801336 TI - [Electrosurgery and fixed prosthetics. Fundamental principles. Part 1]. PMID- 801337 TI - [Cements and cementation. Part 2]. PMID- 801338 TI - [Problem of tint for the prosthetic technician in dental ceramics]. PMID- 801339 TI - [Problems posed by use of cast nickel-chromium alloys in fixed prosthetics]. PMID- 801340 TI - [Use of silicones in removable prosthetics]. PMID- 801341 TI - [Occluso-articular equilibration and stabilization of complete dentures]. PMID- 801342 TI - [Interocclusal relations of prosthetic teeth]. PMID- 801343 TI - Tumours of the oropharynx. PMID- 801344 TI - Study of autogenous transposed ossicles, bone and cartilage in man. AB - Study was made of 28 ossicles from 22 ears with chronic otitis, 12 autogenous transposed ossicles removed after varying periods of time, normal and 4 transplanted pieces of bone, and normal and 2 transplanted pieces of cartilage. The transposed ossicles were found to be dead, apart from certain special instances, showing pathology similar to non-transposed ossicles. Transplanted bone was also dead. Cartilage was vital. These autogenous transplants showed no evidence of rejection and less chronic inflammation than would be anticipated. It is suggested that autogenous ossicular or bone transplants in man act as inert but not rejected implants, while cartilage may remain viable. PMID- 801345 TI - The nasal application of beclomethasone diproprionate (Beconase) in allergic rhinitis. AB - The therapeutic effect of nasally applied Beconase (beclomethasone diproprionate) was investigated by a double blind trial of 32 patients with clinically manifest grass pollen rhinitis. A daily protocol showed a considerable improvement of the nasal symptoms and the general condition of the patient. The requirement of supplementary antihistamines decreased considerably whereas the conjunctival symptoms remained unaffected. In the course of the 2 week treatment period there was no certain evidence of local side effects. PMID- 801346 TI - Arterial vasculature of cervical skin flaps. AB - Old age and preoperative radiotherapy both decrease the blood supply to neck skin. It is therefore necessary to know how the skin flaps which are raised in neck surgery, receive their blood supply. By using silicone rubber injections we have studied the blood supply to the cervical skin in human cadavers before and after the elevation of flaps. There is a network of small vessels between the platysma and the skin originating from the external carotid artery superiorly and the subclavian artery inferiorly. There is a distinct watershed between the areas supplied by these two vessels; furthermore there is very little anastomosis across the mid-line. The richest arterial supply lies superiorly and the worst inferiorly and medially. In the intact neck, the vascular network is filled from underlying arteries, whereas in the elevated flap the network is filled from the base of the pedicle. On this evidence we suggest that: --the platysma should be included in the flap to conserve the vascular network --the horizontal limb of an incision should lie in the watershed --the upper flap should be larger than the lower flap. PMID- 801347 TI - Chronic otitis media with epidermoid cholesteatoma. A discussion of some points of controversy concerning surgical management. PMID- 801348 TI - Lactones in foods. AB - Lactones represent another important class of flavor compounds that have been found in a wide variety of foods although traditionally they have been mainly associated with dairy products. This review summarizes their occurrences in foods along with their formation pathways, sensory properties, and isolation, identification, and synthesis techniques specific to lactones associated with food flavor. PMID- 801349 TI - Structural relationships of sugars to taste. AB - Chemical modification of sugars and their simple analogues indicates that these types of compound are almost always sweet, bitter, or bitter/sweet; hence, the two basic tastes may be intimately associated features of the same molecule. Stepwise modification at each chiral center around the sugar ring allows the sapid functions in these molecules to be mapped and leads to the inescapable conclusion that sugar molecules may be "polarized" on taste bud receptors, so that one end of the molecule elicits sweetness and the other bitterness. However, more extensive chemical modification evidently causes the molecule to realign itself in entirely different ways on the receptor. In most oligosaccharides only one sugar residue is likely to bind to the taste receptor, and this is probably a nonreducing end group, because the anomeric center of glucopyranose types of structure does not appear to affect sweetness. Sweetness depresses bitterness and bitterness depresses sweetness. Hence, it is not possible to make structural comparisons between analogues without correcting for these effects. However, some semiquantitative studies have established the value of current hydrogen bond theories of sweetness and the ideal oxygen-oxygen interorbital spacings for sweetness criteria in sugar molecules. PMID- 801350 TI - Summary of available data for cholesterol in foods and methods for its determination. AB - A search of the literature has been conducted on the cholesterol content of foods and on the methods for its determination. The amount of cholesterol in food is important because of its possible relationship to the onset of atherosclerosis in humans. Cholesterol is present primarily in foods of animal origin. The main sources in the American diet are eggs, poultry, dairy products, fish and seafood, and meat products. Only a few samples of these products have been analyzed. In many cases there is a wide range in cholesterol values for samples analyzed. Much of the research was conducted many years ago. The most commonly used methods were gravimetric or colorimetric. In many cases the samples investigated were not adequately described. Cholesterol was often determined without isolating it from interfering materials. Although some of the cholesterol values reported in the literature appear to be reasonably accurate, there is an urgent need for reinvestigation of the cholesterol content of foods using more recently developed methods of analysis. PMID- 801351 TI - Biogenesis of aroma constituents of fruits and vegetables. AB - The aroma of fruits and vegetables may be considered to originate from the basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as vitamins and minerals. These nutrients, in turn, are produced by photosynthetic and related metabolic activities occurring in the plant. Current interests in aroma of fruits and vegetables have been shifting from isolation and identification to elucidation of their formation pathways either of biogenetic or processing nature. This article is intended to provide a summary on the development and degradation of aroma of selected major fruits and vegetables, 20 in each category. It reveals that information concerning this matter is still meager at present and that much more exploratory research is needed. PMID- 801352 TI - Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism by various treatments. Controlled clinical trial in 632 patients using 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and lung perfusion scans in patients with deep venous thrombosis. AB - In 632 patients efficacy of dihydroergotamine (DHE) in preventing postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) was tested vs. low-dose heparin (LDH) by means of the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test (RFUT). The incidence rate of DVT dropped from 36% (untreated group) to 17% after LDH, to 13% after DHE, and to 9% after simultaneous prophylaxis with both drugs. In patients with lower risk operations lasting not longer than 2 hs complete prevention of DVT was achieved by combined use of LDH and DHE. PE incidence in repeated lung perfusion scans of patients with positive RFUT was reduced to 4.3-2.6% (treated groups) in comparison to an incidence of 50% in the control group. This means the decrease of PE was overproportional in all treatment groups in comparison to the decrease of DVT incidence. The combined use of LDH and DHE may be considered as the best prophylactic regimen available for lowering postoperative DVT and PE. PMID- 801353 TI - [Technique of fusion of gold on gold for construction of a bridge with conical insertion]. PMID- 801354 TI - A visit to the birthplace of dental hygiene, Bridgeport, Connecticut. PMID- 801355 TI - Diet, attrition, plaque and dental disease. PMID- 801356 TI - Development of dental technology--part 2. Mechanical dentistry. PMID- 801357 TI - Removable partial dental construction--part 2. The wax pattern. PMID- 801358 TI - Obituary. "Dr. P.A. Velayudhan Pillai". PMID- 801359 TI - Anesthesia--American discovery. PMID- 801360 TI - Dr. J. Marion Sims. PMID- 801361 TI - Comments on Alabama's Medicaid program. PMID- 801362 TI - Pediatric grand round. Group B hemolytic streptococcal infection in the newborn. PMID- 801363 TI - American medicine during the Revolutionary era. PMID- 801364 TI - The forensic science service in Great Britain: a short history. PMID- 801366 TI - [Cyto-morphological study of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in the murine-leproma (author's transl)]. PMID- 801365 TI - [Cell-biological study on the acid-fast organisms isolated and cultivated from leprosy patients. 2. Pathogenic behavior of the organism to experimental animals, and results of inoculation to mice foot-pads (author's transl)]. PMID- 801367 TI - Viability of Mycobacterium leprae pretreated with rifampicin. PMID- 801368 TI - Lepromatoid lesion developed in nude mouse inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae- animal transmission of leprosy. PMID- 801369 TI - An electro-optic study of the effect of certain aminoglycoside antibiotics on the electrical polarizability of sensitive, dependent and resistant strains of Escherichia coli. AB - A study has been made of the effect of certain aminoglycoside antibiotics on the electrical properties of the surfaces of one sensitive, two resistant and one dependent form of E. coli K-12. The method employed was to observe the change in scattered light produced when the bacteria in suspension are orientated by an applied a. c. electric field. The effect of the antibiotics has been analysed in terms of drug accumulation at the bacterial surface. Differences have been noted in the responses of the sensitive form to different aminoglycosides and an attempt has been made to correlate these differences with mimimum inhibitory concentrations. Differences have also been noted in the response of certain resistant and dependent forms of E. coli to streptomycin. PMID- 801370 TI - Effect of chemical modification by (di)imidoesters on cells and cell envelope components of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Cells and cell envelope components of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were treated with mono- and bifunctional imidates like methylbutyrimidate, methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate and dimethylsuberimidate, and after determination of the appropriate conditions, the effects on structure and function were investigated. Within 10 min after treatment of the bacteria with 5 mM of the (di)imidoesters, active transport, DNA-, RNA-, protein- and lipid-synthesis were severely inhibited. After crosslinking, cell envelope components, e.g. phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide, and periplasmic proteins, became partly inextractable. Crosslinked cells showed increased resistance to ultrasonic treatment and osmotic or detergent induced lysis. By the reaction of (di)imidoesters with phospholipids containing no amino groups, it could be demonstrated that non-amidine products were also formed. In addition, freeze-fracturing and freeze-etching demonstrated distinct crosslinked areas in the cell envelope of E. coli B. PMID- 801371 TI - [Cybernetics and computation in orthodontics (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 801372 TI - [Cybernetics and computation in orthodontics (last part) (author's transl)]. PMID- 801374 TI - Dave Shooshan and gold foil. PMID- 801375 TI - Clinical evaluation of two glazing agents for composite resin: a preliminary report. PMID- 801376 TI - Microleakage of several acid-etch composite resin systems: a laboratory study. PMID- 801377 TI - Fracture of enamel walls by composite resin restorations following acid etching. PMID- 801378 TI - Enamel-composite interface relative to cavosurface configuration, abrasion, and bonding agents. PMID- 801379 TI - An outline of the history of the southern moeiety of Bantu-speaking people. PMID- 801380 TI - [In memorium: late Prof. Toshiki Shimazaki]. PMID- 801381 TI - Pins and partials. PMID- 801383 TI - The preparation of a bolt attachment (II). PMID- 801382 TI - The immediate partial and the fixed bridge in the anterior region. PMID- 801384 TI - A programmed sprue base system. PMID- 801385 TI - Stylized wax-ups for a ceramic occlusal surface using the principles of wax additions (I). PMID- 801387 TI - Wax model of the basic part of a telescoping shell crown. PMID- 801386 TI - Recent developments in custom cast clamps. PMID- 801388 TI - The preparation of a bolt attachment (III). PMID- 801389 TI - Stylized wax ups for a ceramic occlusal surfaces using the principles of wax additions (II). PMID- 801390 TI - The development of orthodontic devices (I). PMID- 801391 TI - The position of posterior teeth in complete dentures. PMID- 801392 TI - Treatment following a traffic accident. PMID- 801393 TI - Problems of porcelain fused to metal crowns (I). PMID- 801394 TI - The preparation of a bolt attachment (IV). PMID- 801395 TI - The development of orthodontic devices (II). PMID- 801396 TI - A rational set-up technique. PMID- 801397 TI - Periodontal damage caused by cast dentures, and its prevention (I). PMID- 801398 TI - Clinical and laboratory aspects of cast crown technique--permissible and non permissable corrections on the model (I). PMID- 801399 TI - Problems of porcelain fused to metal crowns (II). PMID- 801401 TI - Appropriate shape for the plastic base of an orthodontic expansion plate. PMID- 801400 TI - The preparation of a bolt attachment (V). PMID- 801402 TI - [The Catholic Church and the health problems of South America - historical viewpoint]. PMID- 801403 TI - [Studies on the effect of an acid aryl-acetate derivative (GP 45'840) in patients with osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 801404 TI - [The methods of contact point recovery for cast crowns (1)]. PMID- 801405 TI - [Two cases treated as non-extraction cases]. PMID- 801406 TI - Preparation of histological sections from nondecalcified cortical bone. AB - A improved method is presented, which enables methacrylat embedded bone corticalis to be cut with a fast running saw into shreds of 20 to 40 micrometer thickness without loss. The usual staining is available. There are no microfractures and no microscopical shrinkings. PMID- 801407 TI - [In memoriam Hellmut Becher 1896-1976]. PMID- 801408 TI - Blood vessels of the twin placenta in relation to zygosity. AB - The anatomical characteristics of the arteries, veins and arteriovenous relationships, velamentous vessels, and vascular communications in 148 placentae from multiple pregnancies were studied. All features were found to show discordance of varying degrees, irrespective of the twins' zygosity. Singular involvement of one component of the twin placenta by hydramnios or congenital defects, incidence of vascular communications and the anatomical characteristics of the vessels in conjoined twins, acardiac monsters and triplets, and a chromosomal discordance in a MZ pair, lend additional support to the initial surmise of anatomical characteristics of fetal blood vessels of the placenta being determined by functional demands. It is suggested that the inequalities of prenatal environment be assessed by an examination of the fetal blood vessels of the placenta before drawing homologies in the twin concordance studies. PMID- 801409 TI - [Twins in myth (author's transl)]. AB - Twins have an important place in mythology and a sacred character appears to be attached to them since the most ancient times. In ancient Egypt, the royal placenta was worshipped, being considered as the Pharao's twin (a conception that is still alive among certain African populations), and actually everyone was considered to possess a spiritual twin, the Ka or astral body, through whom it was supposed to be possible to operate with magic rituals and hit enemies. Twin gods were worshipped by Babylonians and Assyrians (who even introduced them among astronomic constellations), and may be also found in the Persian and Veda religions. In the classic, Greco-Roman world, the examples of twin gods and heroes are innumerable: from the twin sons of Zeus, the Dioscuri, to the opposite sexed twin gods Apollo and Diana, to Rome's founders, Romulus and Remus, etc. Since the most ancient times, a magic conception is connected to the twins, either in a positive or a negative sense, but often with some kind of a "fatidic" aspect. Such a two-faced approach to the phenomenon of twinning, that variously characterizes near-east, protomediterranean, classic, and other ancient civilizations, may still be found in contemporary primitive societies. PMID- 801410 TI - Retrospective studies on the twinning rate in Scandinavia. PMID- 801411 TI - Duration and complications of multiple pregnancies. AB - Multiple pregnancies reach full term only in a remarkably lower percentage with respect to single pregnancies. Even in the case of multiparae, delivery occurs some three weeks before term. Complications may concern either pregnancy and puerperium or delivery. The former include (1) abortions, especially frequent in the case of monoplacental and monochorial pregnancies; (2) rarer events, such as hydramnios, placenta praevia, association of an ectopic pregnancy with an intrauterine pregnancy, molar degeneration of one egg with normal development of the other; (3) gestoses of the first and second trimester, more frequent than in single pregnancy; and (4) higher incidence, during puerperium, of hemorrhage, phlebitis, and uterine subinvolution. With respect to delivery, normal delivery only occurs in approximately 70% of twin pregnancies, the period of dilatation being generally longer than normal. Better assistance and techniques during labor and especially in the interval between delivery of first and second twin have remarkably reduced the higher mortality rate, especially for the second twin. PMID- 801412 TI - Ritodrine HCL for the prevention of premature labor in twin pregnancies. AB - The perinatal mortality rate for twin gestation is in the range of 15%, and this is due predominantly to prematurity, although twins may also be born growth retarded. Ritodrine HCl, a beta sympathomimetic drug, has been shown to be effective, both in stopping premature labor and in preventing intrauterine growth retardation. With this in mind, a double-blind study using ritodrine HCl or placebo was begun in order to study its effect on premature labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and the perinatal mortality rate in twins. Thus far, 30 patients have delivered and have been followed to 6 weeks postpartum. Although the results on individual patients have remained blinded to the investigators, an initial evaluation of the ritodrine and placebo groups have revealed no difference with respect to gestational age, birth weight, or perinatal mortality. These preliminary results are not significant. However, it appears that ritodrine HCl is a safe oral agent for the antepartum gravida and her fetus. The study will be continued until approximately 100 patients have been enrolled. PMID- 801413 TI - The history of the International Twins Association (I.T.A.). PMID- 801414 TI - Biology of the twinning phenomenon: embryogenesis and teratogenesis. AB - The twinning phenomenon has always interested the great public, the artists, and naturally the scientists. Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire has established a classification still now valid. This classification considers the different types of double monsters which are found in nature in all classes of vertebrates, including man. To explain the twinning phenomenon, the experimental realizations have progressed by successive bounds after the preliminary attempts of different authors. Now, when it is question of experimental duplication, anybody thinks of Speman for the amphibians, of Lutz for the birds, of Seidel for the rabbit, and of Tarkowsky for the mouse. Now, it is possible to conceive a twinning resulting from the separation of the first blastomeres (amphibian, rabbit, mouse) and a twinning originating from the fissuration of the blastoderm (bird, mammal). All these experiments confirm the unicist-theory. If a total or partial regulation of the excedents may be experimentally realized, no argument can however support this theory in the realization of the double monstrosity. PMID- 801415 TI - A complex cardio-diagnostic program integrating radiocardiography and radiocyclography with haemodynamic studies. AB - The general lines of radiocardiographic practice in the framework of rehabilitation of cardiac patients based on 15 years experience are summed up. The basic technical elements of the scheme were: integration of the radiocyclographic method and of nuclear procedures with the traditional diagnostic investigations, with microcatheterization, co-ordination of the loading principle in the form of exercise tolerance tests with the radiocardiographic and radiocyclographic routine, adaptation of digital data collection and storing for off-line computer analysis, extension of the data collecting system of the radioisotope laboratory to the adjoining intensive care unit. In a group of middle-aged patients with earlier transmural infarction being on a rehabilitation training program the responses to loading were similar to those of a control group formed by normal aged males. In the patients having had artificial valve implantation or mitral commissurotomy, a favourable progress in terms of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) rating was demonstrable, the most informative parameter of assessment having been the distribution of effective circulating blood volume in the central circulation. Moreover, an increase in stroke volume at rest as well as in response to loading was demonstrable within 1 -2 months after operation and also 3 1/2 years later. The diagnostic value of the 133Xe-technique for the measurement of ventilation and perfusion of the upper and lower regions of the lung was confined to patients with mitral stenosis or mitral valvular disease. PMID- 801416 TI - Membraneous glomerulonephritis induced by HB (Australia) antigen-antibody complexes. AB - The authors report a case of chronic aggressive hepatitis associated with persisting HBs (Australia) antigenaemic nephrosis. The disease proved to be membranous glomerulonephritis. Immune fluorescence revealed granular type IgG, IgM, C3 and HBs antigen deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The IgA deposit was partly linear, partly granular. Subepithelial deposits were noted by electron microscopy along the glomerular basement membrane. It is supposed that the deposition in the glomeruli of HBs antigen-antibody immune complex was responsible for the diffuse membraneous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 801417 TI - [The problem of pellagra in the work of Cesare Lombroso]. PMID- 801418 TI - [Health service in the 7th autonomic division of Monferrato partizans]. PMID- 801419 TI - [Pediatric recipes of an Italian physician in 17th century]. PMID- 801420 TI - [Giuseppe Berruti and charlatans in medicine]. PMID- 801421 TI - [Histology of naturally dessiccated and mummified tissues of ancient Egyptians]. PMID- 801422 TI - [Immunobiology of transplants in urodelan Amphibia: study of average survival time in Triturus cristatus carnivex Laur., of skin homotransplants after splenectomy]. PMID- 801423 TI - [Comparative study between "cephalometric discrepancy" and "ANB" angle in orthodontics]. PMID- 801424 TI - [Pontic--form and function]. PMID- 801425 TI - [Glenoid inclinations. Comparative study of a radiographic method (McQueen's technique) and clinical method using intra-oral registration with wax plaques]. PMID- 801426 TI - [Effects of antibiotic coverage in gingiva- repair after gingivectomy. Morphological and histochemical evaluation]. PMID- 801427 TI - [Treatment of root canals of vital teeth--concept and modern orientation]. PMID- 801428 TI - [Technique to obtain periapical radiographs. 3d lecture]. PMID- 801429 TI - [Pharmacological action of eugenol]. PMID- 801430 TI - [Considerations of temporary fixed prosthesis]. PMID- 801431 TI - [Course in oral diagnosis. Cancer of the mouth and maxillo-mandibular complex. 10th lecture]. PMID- 801432 TI - [Presence of antigen associated with hepatitis B in saliva of patients with acute viral hepatitis, in "healthy carriers" and in mentally retarded children. 1st part]. PMID- 801433 TI - [Silicones in dentistry]. PMID- 801434 TI - [Presence of antigen associated with hepatitis B in saliva of patients with acute viral hepatitis, in "healthy carriers" and in mentally retarded children. Part 2]. PMID- 801435 TI - [Healing of surgical wounds of the skin of rats after topical application of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and triamcinolone in identical concentrations and associated with an antibiotic]. PMID- 801436 TI - [Pemphigus foliaceus--stomatologic aspects--clinical, mycological, cytological, histological and histochemical study. II. Mycological study]. PMID- 801438 TI - [Virus and cancer]. PMID- 801437 TI - [Health promotion in oral cancer]. PMID- 801439 TI - [Oral cancer. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 801440 TI - [Epidemiology of oral cancer]. PMID- 801441 TI - [Surgical modification of human behavior]. PMID- 801442 TI - "How to" clinic on anchored complete denture. PMID- 801443 TI - [The profession mourns anew]. PMID- 801444 TI - [Prosthetic-mucosal relations under bridge pontics]. PMID- 801445 TI - [Established bond by wrought metal between 2 prosthetic elements, one of ceramic gold, the other of platinum gold]. PMID- 801446 TI - [A temporary prosthesis]. PMID- 801447 TI - [Concepts of ancient remedies for tooth diseases (part 2)]. PMID- 801448 TI - [How do we sterilize the tips of the air-water syringes like the turbines of our unit?]. PMID- 801449 TI - [Acid etching for a better treatment bridge]. PMID- 801450 TI - [Antibodies against mitochondria and smooth muscle in primary biliary cirrhosis]. AB - The immunofluorescent method was used in a group of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in order to detect antibodies against mitochondria and against smooth muscle tissue. All cases were found positive in the test for the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies. In the test for the presence of antibodies to act against smooth muscle tissue, positivity was found in 3 cases. Both tests are suitable auxilliary methods of investigation in diagnosing primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 801451 TI - [Effects of late suturing and of various locations of skin wounds on wound healing in young and old rats]. AB - The healing of six-day-old cutaneous wounds under different conditions had been evaluated in rats. Wounds situated along the direction of cutaneous splitting displayed a slightly better healing than the other ones. In the wounds of young rats proliferation of fibroblast occurred earlier, but the more pronounced exsudative component persisted for a longer period. Regeneration of the epidermis preceded healing in the corium in all cases. All the differences mentioned disappeared when the wound was sutured two hours after the lesion had been produced, under conditions simulating the surgical procedure. The wound edges remained free of any substantial reaction. The regenerated epidermis became easily disrupted and the wound opened widely even when the histological processing was very careful. The lesioned connective tissue of the corium remained covered with fibrin. PMID- 801452 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. B. Bednar]. PMID- 801453 TI - [New possibilities for false stumps and custom-made Richemonds shoulders]. PMID- 801454 TI - [1935-1975]. PMID- 801455 TI - [Selection and setting of teeth for removable partial dentures]. PMID- 801456 TI - [Our Parisian editorial staff]. PMID- 801457 TI - [Comparative double-blind tests of aptocaine. Methodology and analysis of results]. PMID- 801458 TI - [Impression-taking in series in removable partial dentures. Critical study. Proposal for the most reasonable mold]. PMID- 801459 TI - [Complete dentures and the velopalatal juncture]. PMID- 801460 TI - [Effect of viscosity of saliva on the retention of complete removable dentures]. PMID- 801461 TI - [Treatment of minor deep burns with early necrectomy and immediate skin grafting]. PMID- 801462 TI - [Use of free transplants in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors in the facial region]. PMID- 801463 TI - William Crookes: spiritualism and science. PMID- 801464 TI - Recent development in the study of hypothalamic hormones with special reference to LH-RH and somatostatin. AB - Recent experimental and clinical studies LH-RH and somatostatin were presented. Immunological approaches, such as determination of these hypothalamic hormones in the tissue and blood by RIA, immunohistochemical studies, and active or passive immunization of animals with LH-RH or somatostatin, provided much useful information on the physiological roles of these hormones. LH-RH has been found to be useful not only for diagnosis of various diseases but also for treatment of some type of hypogonadisms. Experimental data on somatostatin suggest a considerable potential for practical application of somatostatin in the clinical field. However, the possible suppressive effect of somatostatin on platelet aggregation should be seriously considered when it is used for clinical purposes. PMID- 801465 TI - [Curiosities and facts on the evolution of dental implantation and transplantation]. PMID- 801466 TI - [Dentistry in the past. Ethnic mutilations: dental mutilations in Guatemala]. PMID- 801467 TI - [During Yin dynasty--recordings on turtle shells and bones]. PMID- 801468 TI - [Kanzo Uchimura and his dental history]. PMID- 801469 TI - The hypodermic syringe: tale of trial and error. PMID- 801470 TI - Karyology: vaccine manufacturers' views. AB - Chromosomal analyses and life span studies of WI-38 cell cultures used for vaccine production at the Connaught Laboratories Ltd will be described. Twenty cultures derived from the same seed lot and 25 cultures derived from different starter cultures were analyzed. Karyology tests at population doublings 31 and higher were within acceptable limits. The WI-38 cells reached a finite lifespan of approximately 65 population doublings. Normal growth characteristics were observed within 2/3 of the finite lifespan, i.e. until population doubling 40. The finite lifespan of MRC-5 was found to be 75 population doublings, with normal growth pattern until passage 50. The karyology test results, cell yields and the finite lifespans indicated that these cells could be used as substrates for vaccine production at higher passage levels than previously suggested. Using serially subcultivated cells at higher passage levels would make possible an increase in the volume of vaccine from existing cell seed and would also result in significant reduction in production costs. PMID- 801471 TI - Effect of bacterial toxins in serum on the chromosomes of WI-38. AB - Two batches of foetal calf serum, free from detectable bacterial, mycotic, mycoplasmal and bovine viral conta mination and possessing good growth-promoting properties induced an abnormally high number of chromatid breaks in WI-38 cells to the extent that the cells were unacceptable as a vaccine substrate. This phenomenon, immediately reversible on changing to a different batch of serum, was unaffected by pasteurisation, suggesting that it was caused by some unidentified toxic factor(s). It was found that the same effect could be brought about by the addition of subcytotoxic concentrations of some bacterial toxins to the culture media. These findings re-emphasise the importance of improved methods for the collection and the maintenance of sterility throughout the processing of such sera, especially when they are intended to be incorporated in media used to establish vaccine substrates. PMID- 801473 TI - Intrinsic tooth discolourations--a review of the literature. PMID- 801472 TI - Zonal-centrifuged human diploid cell rabies vaccine. AB - In order to reduce the risk of allergic reactions, a purified human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine was developed. Pitman-Moore strain of rabies was propagated in WI-38 or MRC-5 cells. Both cell strains were found to be equally suitable for pro agation of rabies virus. The virus was purified and concentrated by continuous-flow sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Virus peak fractions were diluted with a stabilized and then inactivated with BPL and freeze dried. According to the standard NIH test for potency, the vaccine proved to be very potent and stable. The results of initial clinical applications of the vaccine will be presented. PMID- 801474 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease--a review. PMID- 801475 TI - Pregnancy gingivitis. PMID- 801477 TI - IDA directory 1975-76. PMID- 801476 TI - Mucosa supported partial dentures. PMID- 801525 TI - [Specialization in dentistry]. PMID- 801526 TI - [Reflections apropos of 14 cases of septicemia due to Serratia in urologic environment]. PMID- 801527 TI - [Residual ureter and renal transplantation]. PMID- 801478 TI - Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. PMID- 801528 TI - A century of clinical science at Johns Hopkins: contributions to medicine by students, house officers, and faculty. PMID- 801529 TI - Johns Hopkins--the birthplace of tissue culture: the story of Ross G. Harrison, Warren Y. Lewis, and George O. Gey. PMID- 801530 TI - Creators of clinical medicine's scientific base: Franklin Paine Mall, Lewellys Franklin Barker, and Rufus Cole. PMID- 801531 TI - Compleat clinician and Renaissance pathologist: Louis Hamman and Arnold R. Rich. PMID- 801532 TI - Classical descriptions of disease. PMID- 801533 TI - The second professor of gynecology and the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine. PMID- 801534 TI - Medical students on the march: Brown, MacCallum, and Opie. PMID- 801535 TI - John Whitridge Williams--his contributions to obstetrics. PMID- 801537 TI - Johns Hopkins--its role in medical education for women. PMID- 801536 TI - The first full-time academic department of pediatrics: the story of the Harriet Lane Home. PMID- 801539 TI - Cardiovascular research at Johns Hopkins. PMID- 801538 TI - Contributions of the part-time staff of The Johns Hopkins Hospital: Moore, King, and Gay. PMID- 801540 TI - Hematological firsts at Hopkins. PMID- 801541 TI - Research at Johns Hopkins on the thyroid gland and its diseases. PMID- 801542 TI - Two mycoses first described at Johns Hopkins. PMID- 801543 TI - More bright stars in the Johns Hopkins galaxy. PMID- 801544 TI - Johns Hopkins and biomedical communication. PMID- 801545 TI - Teacher and distinguished pupil: William Henry Welch and George Hoyt Whipple. PMID- 801546 TI - The story of chemotherapy at Johns Hopkins: Perrin H. Long, Eleanor A. Bliss, and E. Kennerly Marshall, Jr. PMID- 801547 TI - Discoveries at Johns Hopkins related to the nervous system and its diseases. PMID- 801548 TI - Pharmacology's giant: John Jacob Abel. PMID- 801549 TI - Neurosurgical genius: Walter Edward Dandy. PMID- 801550 TI - Early contributions to the surgery of cancer: William S. Halsted, Hugh H. Young, and John G. Clark. PMID- 801551 TI - Pioneers in urology: James R. Brown and Howard A. Kelly. PMID- 801552 TI - Fountainhead of American physiology: H. Newell Martin and his pupil William Henry Howell. PMID- 801553 TI - A new school of anatomy: the story of Franklin P. Mall, Florence R. Sabin, and John B. MacCallum. PMID- 801554 TI - [Results of kidney transplantation. Further development or stagnation?]. AB - The phase of enthusiasm for clinical kidney transplantation has been followed by some reserve during the last few years, particularly in the Federal Republic. Analysing the reasons, the limited results achievable today by kidney transplantation is only one answer; others lie in various organizational difficulties. It is concluded that advances in hemodialysis as well as in kidney transplantation furnish a solid basis for a close integration of both therapeutic methods. PMID- 801555 TI - [Influence of fatty-acid and glucose content of the perfusate on the energy metabolism of the preserved canine kidney]. AB - Thirty-seven canine kidneys were preserved by hypothermic low flow perfusion for 24-120 h with solution I containing albumin, free fatty acids, and glucose, or with solution II containing Haemaccel without free fatty acids or glucose. Following 48 h preservation the renal ATP and SAN content was identical in both groups, irrespective of the availability of substrates from the perfusate. PMID- 801556 TI - [Immunopathological genesis of pancreatitides]. AB - Antinuclear factors in serum were determined in 37 patients with acute and 50 with chronic pancreatitis. Of the 5 with acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology, 4 had serum antinuclear factors in high titers; of the 16 with chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology, 10 had serum antinuclear factors in high titers and 4 in low titers. PMID- 801557 TI - [Behavior of vasomotor tonus after lung autotransplantation]. AB - In eight lung autotransplants and six normal lungs the vasomotor activity was tested with norepinephrine and acetylcholine. In autotransplants and normal lungs both substances elicit the same effects. The long-term interruption of the central innervation does not provoke a vasoconstriction in lung autotransplants. PMID- 801558 TI - [Value of formalin-fixed, allogeneic veins for vessel substitution in long-term tests. Experimental studies of the problem of immunological reactions on RtH-1 incompatible various rat-donor-recipient combinations]. AB - Experiments on an immunogenetically standardized inbred rat strain combination were necessary to determine whether immunological reactions have an effect on the increase and transformation processes of allogeneic formalin-fixed venous implants. By using a RtH-1-incompatible allogeneic strain combination we found that immunological mechanisms-humoral or cellbound-are insignificant to such venous implants. The formalin-fixing procedure caused the antigenicity to lose its effectiveness. Thus, the submitted material shows that immunological reactions are not responsible for delayed alterations in such venous implants. PMID- 801559 TI - [Changes of lung function in experimentally induced emphysema before and after unilateral homotransplantation of the canine lung]. AB - Pulmonary function studies after single-lung homotransplantation in dogs with experimentally induced emphysema. Pulmonary emphysema was induced in 8 bastard dogs by intratracheal instillation of papain (dose 2 mg/kg 3 to 5 times in 6 to 10 weeks). Development of emphysema was documented by weekly pulmonary function studies. The emphysematous animals underwent single-lung homotransplantation. Postoperative studies of lung function were performed immediately after transplantation and 1 week postoperatively. Bronchospirometric measurement revealed that ventilatory function and oxygen consumption of the graft was at least equal to the animal's own emphysematous lung. Up to 1 week after transplantation there is no evidence of serious ventilation-perfusion imbalance. PMID- 801560 TI - [Behavior of gastrin and gastric juice secretion in acute and chronic kidney failure before and after kidney transplantation]. AB - In 50 patients (10 anephric, 10 with chronic renal failure, and 30 with acute renal failure) the correlation was studied between basal PG levels and basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion. a) The mean PG level in all 3 groups was significantly higher than in the control group, with the highest values in the anephric, which decreased to normal after kidney transplantation. b) In the patients with ARF and after transplantation there was a very positive correlation between PG levels and kidney function. c) Hemodialysis decreased PG levels moderately but significantly. d) Gastric acid studies showed in all groups a very low BAO and basal intragastric pH, with a significant release of gastric acid after pentagastrin stimulation, especially in the anephric. PMID- 801561 TI - [Installation and reconstruction of autologous spongiosa and compacta after substitution with ground bone]. AB - Defined tissue defects were made in the tibiae of 24 sheep. In each animal three defects were set; one of these was completely filled with cancellous bone and the other one with ground compact bone, whereas the third one was not grafted and served as control. During the first 3 weeks no significant difference was seen in the formation of new bone at any of the defects. Most of the ground grafts were transformed into new bone between the 4th and the 6th week; in contrast most new bone was made both in the control defect and the cancellous graft between the 7th and 12th week. In the early phase of our experiment the graft made of ground compact bone was superior to the graft formed from cancellous bone with regard to the amount of new bone formed as well as to its structure. Under clinical conditions, ground compact bone could be useful for autologous bone grafting. PMID- 801562 TI - [Demonstration of blocking factors in permanently surviving rat-kidney allograft recipients after short postoperative treatment with alloantiserums]. AB - GvHR tests were performed on spleen cells of 9 recipients surviving rat renal allografts for more than 120 days. The recipients had undergone a short term ALS treatment. The GvHR tests showed normal cell-mediated immunity. After splenectomy and again 18 days later LBNF1 skin was grafted to the renal recipients. After a further period of 18 days LBufF1 skin was grafted. After some delay the specific grafts were rejected. The unspecific skin was rejected in a normal way. Before and after skin grafting the authors could not find the lymphocytotoxin and hemagglutinin. Instead a blocking factor which inhibited the spontaneous allorosette formation was detected in the sera of recipients. The authors compared the results with passive enhanced renal recipients. The two groups did not differ significantly from each other. PMID- 801563 TI - Reversal of deafness after renal transplantation in Alport's syndrome. AB - Six patients (five men and one woman) with Alport's syndrome underwent successful renal transplantation (four received kidneys from cadaver donors and two received allografts from living, related donors). One patient who had received a cadaver kidney had substantial hearing improvement and the others had stabilization of hearing. Hearing loss in Alport's syndrome is progressive. The reversal of deafness in one of our patients and stabilization in the others made us wonder whether an inherited enzymopathy had been reversed, which then mitigated the deafness. PMID- 801564 TI - Evaluation of alternate coupling reagents to replace alpha-naphthyl amine for the detection of nitrate reduction. AB - Four naphthyl compounds, N,N,dimethyl-1-naphthylamine, N-1-naphthyl-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride, 8-amino-1-naphthol-5-sulphonic acid, and 1-dimethylamino naphthalene-5-sulphonic acid, were evaluated as replacements for alpha-naphthyl amine in the bacteriological nitrate reduction test. These compounds were observed for their ability to detect standardized nitrite concentrations and nitrate reduction in eight bacterial cultures. The results indicated both N,N,dimethyl-1-naphthylamine and N-1-naphthyl-ethylene-diamine dihydrochloride, at concentrations of 0.035 M, were satisfactory alternatives. The working concentration of the latter might be reduced, as indicated by the results of sensitivity tests. PMID- 801566 TI - [Current status of periodontology. Anatomy and physiology of the periodontium]. PMID- 801569 TI - Criticism of psychiatry. PMID- 801565 TI - Comparative clinical study of ventricular cardiac and ventricular peritoneal shunts. PMID- 801570 TI - [Criteria of the efficacy of therapeutic measures in alcoholic delirium. Study on the effectiveness of aprotinin in alcoholic delirium]. AB - 30 patients with delirium tremens were given in a double-blind trial--beside the basic treatment with chlormethiazol (Distraneurin)--aprotinin (Trasylol) or placebo. Duration of the delirium and the amount of chlormethiazol used were the criteria for successful treatment. It was shown that the additional application of aprotinin did neither shorten significantly the duration of the delirium not save the amount of chlormethiazol used. Methodologically, special attention was given to the question of duration of the delirium and of registering symptoms. A delirium-rating scale was devised and its analysis showed a good randomization of the items. One main question was as to what extent the individual items were good indicators of a delirium. An item intercorrelation showed that there were two clusters of symptoms: psychological and sympathetic nervous system symptoms. It could be shown that the items 'consciousness, orientation, hallucinations and short-term memory' were good indicators of the delirium, while items of the autonomous nervous system, as tremor of hands and body, facial muscular twitching and exteroceptive reflexes, were less indicative of delirium. The duration of the delirium seems to be the best criterion for the question as to whether a drug is effective or not in delirium tremens. There is a highly significant correlation between the degree of the severity of the delirium and its duration. Other significant predictors for the severity of the delirium were the maximal pulse rate and change in blood pressure. Age, duration of alcoholism and psychological or physical depravation showed no influence on the duration of the delirium. PMID- 801571 TI - Ionic basis of excitation mechanism in cardiac muscle. AB - Cardiac electrical activity is due to passive ionic permeabilities and, partially, to nonneutral (electrogenic) active transport, but extracellular accumulation or depletion of potassium is also of importance. The rapid sodium current responsible for the spike of the action potential and the slow calcium or calcium and sodium inward current responsible for the plateau are governed by activation and inactivation variables, but the range of potential in which the corresponding conductances "open" or "close" differs markedly. For that reason, partially depolarized fibers exhibit slow action potentials deprived of a rapid ascending phase. The normal sinoatrial and atrioventricular node action potentials are of this type. Several components of of outward (repolarizing) currents, mainly carried by potassium ions (although anions may also carry repolarizing currents), exist, some of them being controlled by intracellular calcium. Repolarization is a much more labile process in Purkinje fibers than in myocardium. Recovery from inactivation of rapid and slow inward currents is important in controlling the shape of the action potential as a function of the previous diastole. PMID- 801572 TI - Substitution of phosphate for oxalate in the study of calcium accumulation and release by cardiac microsomal fractions. AB - Phosphate-supported calcium uptake by guinea pig cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum has been shown to exhibit a pattern different from that of oxalate-supported calcium uptake. Ionophore-induced calcium release has been demonstrated following phosphate-supported calcium uptake. Rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum has been shown to differ from the guinea pig in its sensitivity to ionophore. PMID- 801573 TI - Electrical aspects of excitation-contraction coupling. AB - Control of contraction in heart muscle is an interesting question partly because it is so complex. Contraction can vary by as much as an order of magnitude under the influence of drugs, or by different patterns of stimulation. Membrane depolarization is the initial determinant of contraction. It appears to be initiated by a membrane Ca current that causes graded release of Ca from a cellular store. This cellular store is quite labile; it is increased by entry of Ca by the transmembrane current and is decreased by a membrane Ca pump. Recovery of contraction requires recovery of the store into a releasable form and recovery of the membrane "trigger" current. A plausible scheme for contraction can be proposed without a direct role of membrane depolarization in Ca release, but a direct effect cannot yet be dismissed. Key future studies will require direct monitoring of the sarcoplasmic reticulum transmembrane potential and cytoplasmic Ca, and definition of the factors controlling the size of the Ca store. PMID- 801574 TI - [Crown bridge designing for the protection of periodontium (2)]. PMID- 801575 TI - [Verbal and non-verbal aspects of semantic disintegration in aphasia (author's transl)]. AB - After a review of the explanations offered in the literature on the nature of aphasic disintegration, the author suggests that a nuclear impairment of semantic level of language integration may exist in many forms of aphasia. This hypothesis is supported by personal observations on verbal and non-verbal aspects of semantic impairment in aphasia. The incidence of semantic troubles is very high both at the level of verbal production and comprehension and at a non-verbal study of the "areas of meaning". No relationship was found between the incidence of semantic troubles and the ("fluent" or "non-fluent") clinical form of aphasia. A definite relationship exists between production of semantic paraphasias at the expressive level and number of semantic errors obtained as a verbal comprehension task, and between verbal semantic disorders and pathological performances at the non-verbal task of "semantic relationships". PMID- 801576 TI - [Prognosis of myastenia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors refer to a follow up study on 83 cases of myasthenia ranging from 2 to 40 years duration. Cases of only two years duration were taken into consideration since the mortality from myasthenia occurs almost totally in the first few years of the disease. A favorable response to therapy occurred in approximately 66.7% of cases; 9.8% of which presented with a complete "restitutio ad integrum" with total suspension of all therapy, the remaining 56.9% presented with objective clinical improvement with reduction in dosage of anticholinesterase drugs. Death occur in approximately 24%. The outcome of cases treated by surgical intervention (thymectomy) is a function of the absence or presence of thymic hyperplasia or a thymoma: Good results occured in 64% of the cases. The data collected confirm other reports in the literature. In view of the number of observations a more optimisitic attitude toward myasthenic patients is justified. Some doubts are expressed as to the appropriateness of the adjective "gravis" by which Jolly catagorized myasthenia yet keeping in mind the seriousness of the disease. PMID- 801577 TI - Blood flow determination in splenorenal shunts using a dye dilution technique. AB - Determination of flow through splenorenal shunts performed for portal hypertension was tried in 7 patients using a dye dilution technique. Varying shunt flows were obtained. The results of the flow determinations were compared with the findings at arteriography and the cause of the varying flows could be revealed. Retrograde flow through the left ovarian vein leading to incomplete mixing was the most common source of error. The employed dye dilution techniques lends itself to shunt flow determination only if sources of error can be ruled out by arteriography. PMID- 801578 TI - Double blind comparison of fentanyl and sulfentanil in anesthesia. AB - In a double-blind experiment fentanyl and sulfentanil were compared using three different anesthesia schedules. Only interventions of long duration were selected. In all three systems induction was carried out with 0.5 mg fentanyl or 0.05 mg sulfentanil, followed by etomidate and a muscle relaxant. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide and with repeated standard injection of the narcotic. In a first group reinjections always consisted of 0.1 mg of fentanyl or 0.01 mg of sulfentanil. In a second series reinjections were done with 0.5 mg of fentanyl or 0.05 mg of sulfentanil. In the third group the same reinjection schedule as in the first group was followed, but immediately after induction an injection of 1.25 mg of droperidol was administered. Both substances were compared as to their analgesic potency and their potential influences on hemodynamics. Special attention was also paid to postoperative ventilation and vigilance. PMID- 801579 TI - Clinical use of meptazinol. AB - Meptazinol, a new analgesic, was used at two different times of surgery: a) by the I.V. route peroperatively (1.6 mg/kg bodyweight with a maximum of 125 mg), b) by the I.M. route postoperatively (100 mg). When used I.V. peroperatively it does not seem to be a real progress, due to its poor neurovegetative protection and side-effects. However used I.M. postoperatively it seems a good analgesic drug with rapid onset and with few side effects. PMID- 801580 TI - Meptazinol--a new analgesic effects on hemodynamic stability. PMID- 801581 TI - Clinical assessment of oral meptazinol in postoperative pain. AB - The pain relieving properties of orally administered meptazinol, a new hexahydroazepine analgesic, were studied in 51 patients recovering from major surgery. In doses of 250, 400 and 500 mg it produced significant analgesia which was maximal at the end of one hour and had a duration of action of approximately four hours. Arterial pressure and heart rate were not affected significantly by meptazinol. Nausea and vomiting were the main side-effects observed in a few patients and there were no abnormal hematological or biochemical findings. PMID- 801582 TI - Buprenorphine as postoperative analgesic. AB - In 150 patients buprenorphine was given as postoperative analgesic in a dose of 4 microgram/kg. Pain suppression was judged very good (71%), fairly good (24%) and insufficient (5%). Analgesic activity lasted at least 325 +/- 15 min. Side effects were few. PMID- 801583 TI - Clinical use of buprenorphine in chronic administration. AB - Buprenorphine was used as an analgesic medication for patients at the pain clinic. Clinical observations on its long term administration for intractable pain are reported. A good analgesic activity was noted in most of the patients. Nausea and vomiting was the mean reason for cancellation of the therapy. PMID- 801584 TI - Transformation of the heterochromatin structure during epithelial cell differentiation in Microtus agrestis. AB - The interphase structure of the constitutive heterochromatin of the field vole, Microtus agrestis, was studied in the epithelium of the intestinal and respiratorial tracts, and was compared with the nuclear size and the proliferation rate of these tissues. For determining the nuclear structure and the mitotic and DNA labeling rate, Feulgen and HE-stained paraffin sections were used; measurements of the DNA content and of the nuclear and chromocenter areas were carried out on Feulgen-stained smear preparations of jejunal epithelial cells, nerve cells and glial cells with the integrating microdensitometer of Barr & Stroud and the image analyzer Microvideomat of Zeiss, respectively. In all epithelial tissues, a good correlation was found between the proliferating activity and structure of heterochromatin: the parts of the epithelia with a high amount of compact chromocenters in their nuclei also showed a high cell proliferation rate, whereas in differentiated, nondividing epithelial cells most of the nuclei were free of chromocenters. Between nuclei with and without chromocenters of the same tissues, size differences of about 75% were observed. The areas of chromocenters of diploid G1 nuclei of glial, nerve and jejunal epithelial cells were equal (3-4.8 micrometer2) although the total areas of the nuclei differed to an extent of up to 1,000%. The sum of the areas of two separate chromocenters was about 10% larger than the area of a fused chromocenter. PMID- 801585 TI - The cellular radiation response and organism radiosensitivity: radioprotection and radiosensitization. PMID- 801586 TI - [Occlusion: notes of common interest of dental specialties]. PMID- 801587 TI - [Current status of implant dentistry]. PMID- 801588 TI - [Caries in deciduous dentition--incidence, repercussions, treatment and prevention]. PMID- 801589 TI - [Panoramic x rays. Lecture 5]. PMID- 801590 TI - [Course in oral diagnosis. Bone lesions. Lecture 12]. PMID- 801591 TI - [Contribution of surgical treatment to the recovery of prosthetic masticatory function]. PMID- 801592 TI - [Identification of tissue fluid in gingival sulcus by direct vision after perfusion and local infiltration]. PMID- 801593 TI - Natural variation and its conservation. PMID- 801594 TI - Nutritional aspects of cereal proteins. PMID- 801595 TI - Biophysical and genetic evidence for transformation in plants. AB - In thiamine mutants of Arabiodopsis, genetic corrections have been obtained by treatment with DNA bearing a thiamine information. When correction is attempted under selective conditions, about 0.7% of the treated plants grow and set fruit. Their progeny and the following ones, obtained by selfing, behave as homozygotes. Segregation of characters is found only when correction is attempted under nonselective conditions or when the correcting genes were of plasmidian origin. The correction is hereditary; results of backcrosses and test crosses indicate that it is dominant, nuclear, and strongly bound to the genome. The corrective factor appears to be added to the mutated genome and not substituted for the mutation, as it can be suppressed by outcrossing with the wild type or with a plant corrected by another DNA. PMID- 801596 TI - [Fernand Brochere 1899-1975]. PMID- 801597 TI - [Eminent conscience. The Academy of Dental Surgery has decided to honor with a medal one of its most eminent members. We have chosen Prof. Chactas Hulin]. PMID- 801598 TI - [Membership of the Academy of Dental Surgery]. PMID- 801599 TI - Some sources of discrepancy between static retinoscopy and subjective refraction. AB - Conflicting views have been expressed in the literature regarding the sign and magnitude of the difference between the values of ocular correction deduced by retinoscopy and by subjective refraction. Possible causes for such a discrepancy are briefly reviewed. Calculations based upon experimental data show that neither the reddish colour of the retinoscopic reflex nor the position of the layer in the retina at which the reflex originates are likely to introduce any important discrepancy. The probable significance of other factors is assessed. PMID- 801600 TI - [An exemplery friend has left us: Michel Viquesnel is no more]. PMID- 801601 TI - [Emergencies in restoration by joint prosthesis]. PMID- 801602 TI - [Transition from partial edentulousness to complete edentulousness: immediate prosthetics]. PMID- 801603 TI - [Rabies, yesterday and today (reflexions on historical data)]. PMID- 801605 TI - Preliminary studies on the life cycle of leptothrix racemosa, a common organism in dental plaques. PMID- 801604 TI - [Concepts of ancient remedies for tooth diseases]. PMID- 801606 TI - Contact allergy: predictive testing in man. AB - Predictive tests are of value in forecasting the response of a population to a sensitizer; diagnostic testing is used to determine what substances may actually be producing dermatologic problems. Skin sensitization predictive and diagnostic data for the eleven most frequently encountered skin sensitizers in Western Europe, Canada and the United States are reviewed. These compounds include two drugs (benzocaine and neomycin), two cosmetic ingredients (p-phenylenediamine and balsam of Peru), four preservatives (formaldehyde, ethylenediamine, parabens and mercurials) and three ingredients of wearing apparel (nickel, chromium and thiram). Many of the data were collected by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group and the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group on tests with 1,200 and 4,825 dermatologic patients, respectively; the remainder were obtained by individual investigators with smaller groups of subjects. The data obtained by various investigators are discussed in relation to the factors which affect the extent and degree of sensitization which they can cause. PMID- 801607 TI - [A visit with a free slave]. PMID- 801608 TI - [1965-1975]. PMID- 801609 TI - [Impression-taking in series in removable partial dentures. Critical study. Proposal for the most reasonable mold]. PMID- 801610 TI - [Alloys used in the dental arts]. PMID- 801611 TI - [The purpose in conservative odontology]. PMID- 801612 TI - [The purpose in conservative odontology]. PMID- 801613 TI - The relationship of pressure areas in plaster impressions with sore and or hypenemic spots in denture supporting areas. PMID- 801614 TI - [Scleroderma: prosthetic difficulty]. PMID- 801615 TI - [Dentistry in Russia during the 18th and 19th centuries]. PMID- 801616 TI - [Impression trays of Schreinemakers]. PMID- 801617 TI - [Possibility of use in maxillo-facial surgery of attachment fixed directly to teeth]. PMID- 801618 TI - [Clinical trial with a combination of 150 mcg of d-norgestrel and 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol. Its metabolic effects]. PMID- 801619 TI - [Gonadal function in the rat after the pre- or postnatal administration of a combination of androgens and estrogens]. PMID- 801620 TI - [Action of d-norgestrel (post-coital and minidosis) on the content of the diesterase enzyme in the human endometrium]. PMID- 801621 TI - [Releasing hypothalamic hormones of gonadotrophins (LH-RH): its role in the treatment of anovulation patients]. PMID- 801622 TI - The synthesis of dextrans and levans - a review of the literature. PMID- 801623 TI - Gastro-enteritis in Egypt, certain epidemiological aspects. PMID- 801624 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum and urinary enzymes in nephropathies among Egyptian children. AB - Study of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies revealed that before treatment, cases of both acute nephritis and nephrotic syndrome were found to have an increased activity of the three enzymes studied in both serum and urine (Alkaline and acid phosphatases and Lactic dehydrogenase). However, there was no constant correlation between the level of serum and urinary enzyme activities. Distorted pattern of the enzymes has a more protracted course in nephrotics. After treatment, serum and urinary enzymes tended to normalise in cases of acute glomerulonephritis. However, urinary alkaline phosphatase remained high nephrotics after clinical remission. In some cases of acute nephritis, a persistently high level of serum enzyme may indicate an incipient nephrotic element. Nephrotics not responding to the four weeks course of corticosteroid therapy have persistently high serum and urinary enzyme activities. Thus, estimation of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies may be of diagnostic and prognostic value. PMID- 801625 TI - Studies on the antibody response to E. Coli O-antigens in children with urinary tract infections. AB - A passive haemagglutination technique was used to measure the E. coli antibody response in children with acute and chronic urinary tract infections with or without renal involvement. The E. coli antibody titre was also determined in sera of control normal children. In acute infections with renal involvement there was markedly high antibody response whereas in acute infections without renal involvement the rise in the antibody response to E. coli was only slight. In patients with chronic pyelonephritis the titres were also markedly high. E. coli antigens from 3 different sources were used in an attempt to find a substitute antigen for cases with negative urinary cultures. The 3 antigens used were urinary strains (only in patients with positive urinary cultures), patient's faecal strain and a polyvalent standard E. coli antigen. The faecal antigens gave results similar to the urinary ones in only 52% while the polyvalent antigen was found to be a more valuable substitute antigen giving equal titres to those with the urinary antigens in about 63% of the cases. PMID- 801626 TI - Histopathological and histochemical studies on the tonsils in children with rheumatic heart disease. AB - The tonsils were studied histologically and histochemically in 67 children with rheumatic heart disease, 33 children with chronic tonsillitis and 5 normal children. The tonsils of rheumatic children showed hyperplasia and hyperactivity of lymphocytes and paucity of phagocytes. It was suggested that these peculiar findings might contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. PMID- 801627 TI - Profile of a woman in dentistry: Dr. Gloria Adamsons. PMID- 801628 TI - Dr. Gerald J. Ziebert--President GMDA 1976-1977. PMID- 801629 TI - Now and then: the advancement of dentistry through the ages. PMID- 801630 TI - Today's dental world. PMID- 801631 TI - [A double blind clinical trial of ketoprofen in rectal presentation in the treatment of painful shoulder (author's transl)]. PMID- 801633 TI - Journal interview: B.C. Kingsbury, Jr. PMID- 801632 TI - [Treatment of osteoarthrosis by fenoprofen (author's transl)]. PMID- 801634 TI - Practical methods of bonding direct and indirect. PMID- 801635 TI - Tensile and shear strength of Begg plastic brackets. PMID- 801636 TI - Factors that affect the intradermal test in diagnosis of filariasis in Egypt. PMID- 801637 TI - Replacement of missing anterior teeth by etch retained bridges. PMID- 801638 TI - Studies on bonding strength between CHPMA treated alloys and methacrylate resin. PMID- 801639 TI - Religion and reality: the three doubts of Hillel. AB - The authors present an existential approach to the understanding of reality through an analysis of doubt. Doubt is understood as a healthy questioning of what others take for real, a search for that which will stand up to all criticism. Doubt begins in childhood, when one questions the authenticity of his parent's relationship to him. This doubt evokes anger, which normally leads to rebellion against or identification with the parents. Neither choice leads to personal authenticity or reality. Only the discovery of the true Self can heal this pain. There is a third choice possible, however, which takes account of another aspect of doubt, the one who doubts. When I doubt, I know that I don't know. Doubt then leads to the existential question, Who am I? This doubt is really faith, leading to Self-discovery. On the basis of this analysis, we re open the old question of religion and reality. In predominantly religious cultures, the existential question, Who am I? has given rise to practical philosophies such as Yoga and Zen, together with their Western counterparts, the mysticisms associated with Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The same analysis of existential doubt as a path to the Self is to be found in Hillel's three questions. PMID- 801640 TI - Aggression in painting - painting as a means of release of aggression. AB - Painting is a primordial expression. It is not as rigidly defined, edited and criticized as verbal expression. On the other hand, society is more tolerant of painting, and subjects otherwise taboo, like sex, are not rejected. Through painting, aggression can be expressed in different ways, by using piercing and sharp forms; colors that clash; color can be put on the canvas with anger, used as a material. Aggression can also be expressed in the content of the painting, like in a story with an aggression plot. When we encourage individuals to channel their aggression in socially tolerated ways, we teach the aggressive person to release his aggression without jeopardizing his place in society and help him to accept socially approved values and attitudes. We can define this achievement as a step towards the social rehabilitation of the aggressive individuals. The paintings, 16 in all, of 8 mental patients are analyzed. PMID- 801641 TI - The anthropological milieu in Israel. PMID- 801642 TI - The development of a materials system for an endosteal tooth implant: I. Critical assessment of previous designs. PMID- 801643 TI - The integral bilateral posterior mesostructure. A design for maximum implant denture substructure rigidity. PMID- 801644 TI - [Historical notes on the Guajiros]. PMID- 801645 TI - [Blood clearance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in rabbits stimulated with cellular subfractions of Streptococcus pyogenes]. PMID- 801646 TI - [Action of the isolated membranes of Streptococcus pyogenes on lymphocytes in vitro]. PMID- 801647 TI - Renal transplantation and the living donor. Decision and consequences. AB - Renal transplantation in end-stage renal disease is now an accepted medical procedure but the source and origin of the grafted organ (living donor vs. cadaveric kidney) remain controversial and it appears that each transplant team has to work out its own guidelines. We present the results of questionnaires and interviews of a large number of donors, many of them looking back on their experience with the knowledge that unfortunately, and in the long run, their sacrifice proved to be in vain. All our subjects evaluated their participation as donors in the transplant program in a very positive way. There was general agreement that none of them was significantly harmed by his action and that, in the realms of self-knowledge and feelings of self-worth and self-respect, the act of donorship turned out to be a very positive and very highly valued experience. These donors' opinions and attitudes, their relatively unconflicted conduct, are in sharp contrast with the agonizing appraisal of many a transplant team. It remains the task of the team doctors to weigh and balance risks and advantages of such an intervention and to be the advocate of both the donor and the recipient. It is to them that we offer our findings in the hope that it may help them in that difficult decision-making process. PMID- 801649 TI - Model casting--when, where, how? PMID- 801648 TI - Character defenses and biofeedback. The problems of symptom chronicity and symptom removal. AB - One aspect of biofeedback treatment with chronically incapacitated persons concerns their resistance to getting better. In effect, the removal of their symptom is equivalent to undercutting a characteristic way of relating to themselves and to the world, and hence, is opposed. Even though many biofeedback procedures are impressively effective, the therapist must watch for another symptom reemerging in the place of the older somatic complaint, or for psychologically regressive attempts to preserve one's character defenses. PMID- 801650 TI - Therapy and etiology of cysts: historical aspects. PMID- 801651 TI - [Electrosurgical methods for preparation of form and function in periodontics- prosthetics]. PMID- 801652 TI - [Removed and closed saddle supports of free-end saddles in model casting prosthetics]. PMID- 801653 TI - [Prosthetics in the ancient Egypt: an archeological fact?]. PMID- 801654 TI - [3-stage procedure with concise enamel bond in treatment of hard tissue defects]. PMID- 801655 TI - [Attachment stabilization of the overlay denture]. PMID- 801656 TI - [Stable basis for complete dentures]. PMID- 801657 TI - [Rehabilitation of abutment teeth beneath already prepared partial dentures (II)]. PMID- 801658 TI - [Can the preparation of partial free-end dentures be improved?]. PMID- 801659 TI - [Example of complete functional and esthetic rehabilitation in upper and lower jaw (IV)]. PMID- 801660 TI - [Simple laboratory work in dental practice (II)]. PMID- 801661 TI - [Dental radiographic equipment once and now (I)]. PMID- 801662 TI - Skin diseases of coal miners in Britain with special reference to the history of changes in mining. PMID- 801663 TI - [Immunodiagnosis (its value and limitations)]. PMID- 801664 TI - [Incidence of bullous diseases in the Bydgoszcz Province]. PMID- 801665 TI - [Immunofluorescence tests in dermatitis herpetiformis juvenilis]. PMID- 801666 TI - [Yeast infection of the male urogenital organ]. PMID- 801667 TI - [Activity of procaine penicillin on P and N strains of Nichols treponemas from in vivo experiments in rabbits. A comparative study]. PMID- 801668 TI - [Role of IgM in treponemal infections and the usefulness of monovalent FTA-IgM test in serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 801669 TI - [Specificity of the FTA-ABS tests in pregnancy]. PMID- 801671 TI - The adaptation of composite resins to tooth structure. PMID- 801670 TI - [Critical assessment of results obtained in the treatment of early syphilis according to current therapeutic methods and follow-up studies]. PMID- 801672 TI - [Apical and periapical repair after endodontic treatment related to the bacteriological test]. PMID- 801673 TI - [Considerations on nuva-fil]. PMID- 801675 TI - [Partial dentures-(removable bridges)]. PMID- 801674 TI - [Adhesives for prosthesis]. PMID- 801676 TI - [Dentin-removing ability of different kinds of files operated by contra-angled handpiece]. PMID- 801677 TI - [Retainers for fixed prosthesis and jacket crowns]. PMID- 801678 TI - [Components of a partial fixed bridge (author's transl)]. PMID- 801679 TI - [Interview with Dr. Jose Antonio Canut]. PMID- 801680 TI - [Syndrome of cellular hypersensitivity to materials in oral prosthesis]. PMID- 801681 TI - [Interview with Dr. Jose M. Montana Ramonet, new academician of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Seville]. PMID- 801682 TI - [Fluorescence microscopy in the exfoliative cytology of oral lesions]. PMID- 801683 TI - [Deciduous teeth early loss prevalence in school children of S. Paulo (author's transl)]. PMID- 801684 TI - [Characterization and development of waxes for investing caster. II. Characterization of 3 commercial waxes and 3 experimental waxes]. PMID- 801685 TI - [Radiographic in vitro study of proximal (amalgam) contour using commercial matrix retainers and copper rings]. PMID- 801686 TI - [Resistance to removal, by traction, of full crowns cemented on natural teeth]. PMID- 801687 TI - W. Grey Walter (1910-1977). PMID- 801688 TI - [Prevention of caries by means of fluoridated rinses. Review. Bibliography]. PMID- 801689 TI - [Review of the literature on the use of chlorhexidine for the chemical control of bacterial plaque]. PMID- 801690 TI - [Certain dental practices of the aborigenes of the New World]. PMID- 801691 TI - [Infrastructure with tangential bar and porcelain over semi-precious metal in rehabilitation]. PMID- 801692 TI - [New findings concerning the coronaroactive proteins of the hypothalamus]. AB - Our previous studies have shown that the two coronarodilatatory hypothalamic proteins isolated by us are not only carriers for neurohormones "K" and "C" but also procursors of coronarodilatory substances. In the present study we have looked at some physico-chemical properties of these proteins through isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis as well as the possibility of obtaining coronaroactive fragments by proteolytic enzymes. The results obtained have shown that the isoelectric points of the coronaroactive proteins are between pH 6.2 and 6.4. Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis has shown that one of the coronaroactive proteins, the carrier of neurohormone "C", moves towards the anode and is homogenous while carrier of neurohormone "K" is made up of two protein fractions. Under the action of certain enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) two coronaroactive fragments are obtained from the "neutral" protein carrier. Such an effect is not observed following the action of pronase and chymotrypsin. The physico-chemical properties of these fragments require further studies. PMID- 801693 TI - [Immunofluorescence examination of blood, clinically unchanged skin, and kidneys in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 801694 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition and parietal cell antibody test in chronic gastritis without pernicious anaemia. AB - Forty-one patients with chronic gastritis and 12 healthy persons with normal gastritic mucosa were examined. Cell-mediated immunity against gastric fundal and antral mucosal antigens was studied by means of the leukocyte migration inhibition agarose test (LMAT), and serum parietal cell antibodies (PCA) were examined by the immunofluorescence method. The LMAT was positive in 8 out of 41 patients with gastritis and in none of the healthy subjects. In all these cases migration inhibition appeared with antigen that corresponded to gastric lesion. PCA were present in 11 out of 41 patients with gastritis and in 2 out of 12 healthy persons. No significant relationship was found between the PCA test and the result of LMAT. PMID- 801695 TI - Isolation and evolution of the gastrointestinal hormones. AB - The history of the discovery of gastrointestinal hormones and the modern methods of their isolation are discussed in the first chapter. The origin of structural relationships of gastrointestinal hormones and the possible ways of evolution are analyzed in the second chapter. The methods used for isolation and identification of secretin and cholecystokinin are dealt with in detail; the isolation of vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, "gastric inhibitory peptide" and enteroglucagon is discussed but briefly in the first chapter. The second chapter is of speculative character. It deals with the structural resemblances between gastrin-type (gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozyzimin, caerulein) and secretin type (secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glucagon, "gastric inhibitory peptide") hormones. The resemblances are explained by different evolutionary mechanisms. PMID- 801696 TI - Synthesis of gastrointestinal peptide hormones. AB - Synthesis of gastrin, CCK-PZ-octapeptide sulphate ester and secretin, is dealt with in some detail. A gastrin synthesis developed by the author's team is also described. The synthesis of glucagon and caerulein is, though touched upon, but not discussed in any detail. PMID- 801697 TI - Biological determination of gastrointestinal peptide hormones. AB - Procedures for the determination of secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin pancreozymin, glucagon and villikinin in various species are reported. The sensitivities of the individual methods are dealt with. PMID- 801699 TI - Bela Kellner. 1904--1975. PMID- 801700 TI - In memoriam--Luigi Musajo. PMID- 801698 TI - Radioimmunoassay of the gastrointestinal hormones. AB - The principle and types of saturation analysis are discussed on the basis of data in the literature. This is followed by summarizing the main steps of radioimmunoassay (RIA) of gastrointestinal hormones. The normal fasting blood levels of these hormones are also given. RIA measurement of the individual hormones is discussed critically, and attention is called to the theoretical importance of immune cross-reactions. The RIA model developed by the author for measuring the C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin is demonstrated. PMID- 801701 TI - [A memory of Luigi Musajo]. PMID- 801702 TI - Studies on the effectiveness of mammalian and bacterial beta-glucuronidase enzymes in the hydrolysis of urinary beta-glucosiduronides of some tryptophan metabolites excreted in urine. AB - The effectiveness of E. coli and bovine liver beta-glucuronidases in the hydrolysis of the urinary beta-glucosiduronides of tryptophan metabolites was studied. Some of these metabolites demonstrate carcinogenic activity in the mouse bladder. Moreover, the effect of the prolonged contact of these conjugates to the urinary enzyme was investigated in the first and second voiding urine samples. The former urine was that retained in the bladder during sleep (about 8 hours) and the latter was collected 3 hours after the first. It is found that both enzymes have no important role in releasing the free carcinogens from their glucosiduronides. The presence of free carcinogens could be attributed to the spontaneous hydrolysis of some labile conjugates. However, the prolonged contact of the freely active substances during the sleeping hours with the epithelium of the bladder may enhance the process of bladder carcinogenicity. The increased accumulation of these metabolites in the first voiding urine could be interpreted in terms of their rate of excretion rather than by the enzymatic hydrolysis of their conjugates. PMID- 801703 TI - Effect of quinaldic acid and its relatives on insulin-release from isolated Langerhans islets. AB - Influence of quinaldic acid on insulin release from isolated Langerhans islets of rats was studied. It was found that quinaldic acid by itself caused insulin release on the one hand and that it inhibited the second phase of glucose-induced insulin release on the other. A possible mechanism concerning the effect of quinaldic acid on beta-cells of Langerhans islets is presented. PMID- 801704 TI - Oral flora in edentulous and denture wearers in Egypt. PMID- 801705 TI - [Egyptian dental prosthetics: a legend which dies hard]. PMID- 801706 TI - Comparative evaluation of the effect of retentive means of acrylic veneer in maintaining marginal seal in veneered crown. PMID- 801707 TI - The role of the periosteum in the incorporation of autogenous bone grafts. PMID- 801708 TI - Role of candida albicans in patients with and without artifical restorations. PMID- 801709 TI - Maxillary second permanent molar as a bridge abutement. PMID- 801711 TI - Evaluation of the effect of axial inclination of abutment teeth on investing periodontium. PMID- 801710 TI - The condition of the gingival tissues as related to different restorative materials. PMID- 801712 TI - Invitro studies of the effect of Bilharcid on urinary tract bacterial pathogens. AB - The antimicrobial effect of an antibilharzial drug "Bilharcid" was tested, in vitro, against 51 different strains of bacterial species frequently causing urinary tract infection namely E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, Ps. pyocyanea and Proteus vulgaris. In addition, the drug was tested against one strain of each of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A. B and C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of the drug for each organism, and its bactericidal concentration were determined. The amount of the drug excreted in urine of patients receiving labelled Bilharcid Sb 124, after 2, 6, 8 and 10 hr. of administration was determined. In this work, the amount of bilharcid excreted in urine/ml urine is below its M.I.C. for most bacterial species, examined. PMID- 801713 TI - [Wax pattern distortion provoked by the hygroscopic expansion of the investment, related with its position and wax type used (author's transl)]. PMID- 801714 TI - [The "in vitro" calcium uptake by demineralized dentin, treated directly with calcium hydroxide or previously submitted to other treatments (author's transl)]. PMID- 801715 TI - [Effect of acid etching on the retention of acrylic and composite resin restorations (author's transl)]. PMID- 801716 TI - Happy gas. PMID- 801717 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801718 TI - The evolution of the New Zealand dental nurse program. PMID- 801719 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801720 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801721 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801722 TI - [The problem of prophylaxis in dental caries and in malocclusion]. PMID- 801723 TI - [Assyr-Babylonian story. How toothache originated]. PMID- 801724 TI - [Teeth, ear, nose and throat in Shakespeare and the Elizabethan theatre]. PMID- 801725 TI - [Centennial of the 1st Italian Dental Association]. PMID- 801726 TI - [Biophysical study on changes in the dental tissues under application of strontium]. PMID- 801727 TI - [Egyptian dental prosthesis: myth or reality?]. PMID- 801728 TI - [Use of lyophilized dura mater grafts and an adhesive medication in mucogingival surgery]. PMID- 801730 TI - [A difficult problem of retention of partial bridges]. PMID- 801729 TI - [The 1st painless extractions under hypnosis]. PMID- 801731 TI - [Dental ornaments of the Mayan civilization]. PMID- 801732 TI - [Dental archeology: the Junker specimen]. PMID- 801733 TI - New discoveries. PMID- 801734 TI - Use of the acid-etch technic to improve anterior esthetics. PMID- 801735 TI - Technic to eliminate 'high' crown and bridge castings. PMID- 801736 TI - Acrylic pattern technic for cast restorations. PMID- 801737 TI - Development of the dental chair. PMID- 801738 TI - Treatment of sensitive exposed root faces using acid etch technique. Case report. PMID- 801740 TI - [Bruxism. I. Definition, epidemiology, etiology]. PMID- 801741 TI - A controlled double-blind clinical trial between maprotiline and amitriptyline in depressive illness. PMID- 801743 TI - Ten common errors in designing and structing a partial denture framework. PMID- 801742 TI - Telling it like it is... (or at least how I see it). PMID- 801744 TI - Crown and bridge impression and mounting using the Coe check-bite tray and the half-arch Di-Lock tray. PMID- 801745 TI - Dr. Harold M. Kramer honored. PMID- 801746 TI - Medline, a bibliographic search service, now available through libraries. PMID- 801747 TI - Restorative dentistry in ancient Egypt: an archaeologic fact! PMID- 801748 TI - The role of bacteria in periodontal disease. PMID- 801749 TI - [Direct bonding of brackets to teeth: results of a clinical and laboratory investigation]. PMID- 801750 TI - [Principles of specific tissue responses to Begg's technique]. PMID- 801751 TI - [Esthetics and function of total prosthesis]. PMID- 801752 TI - [Acid etching of enamel in conservative dentistry]. PMID- 801753 TI - Identification of micro-organisms in broth cultures from root canals by direct smear. PMID- 801754 TI - [Diagnosis, study and design in 4 cases of oral rehabilitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 801755 TI - [Metal design for porcelain-to-metal restorations (author's transl)]. PMID- 801756 TI - [A method of preparing parallel pinholes with a modification of isodrome technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 801757 TI - [Construction of a bridge with implantation of Linkow plates]. PMID- 801758 TI - [A university generation (1922-1925)]. PMID- 801760 TI - [The dimensional accuracy of indirect working model in a 3-unit fixed partial denture. Influence of both proximal teeth (author's transl)]. PMID- 801759 TI - Harry H. Sorrels, D.D.S. PMID- 801761 TI - [Adaptability of study attachments. Transmitted vibration on retainer tooth (author's transl)]. PMID- 801762 TI - [Stability of overlay denture (author's transl)]. PMID- 801763 TI - [Studies on dimensional accuracy of the die made by copper band tray technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 801764 TI - [Dimensional changes observed in precious metal crown caused by porcelain bonding. The relevancy of the thickness of cast metal and fused porcelain layer (author's transl)]. PMID- 801765 TI - [Temporary splint with enamel bonding system (author's transl)]. PMID- 801766 TI - [Electron diffractive studies on the chemical bonds before and after heat treatment on the surfaces of gold alloys used in porcelain-fused-to-metal technique. 1 (author's transl)]. PMID- 801767 TI - [Study of bond between porcelain and precious metal for fusing (author's transl)]. PMID- 801768 TI - [Histological studies on intramucosal implant buttons]. PMID- 801769 TI - Centennial vignette. PMID- 801770 TI - Computer assisted instruction at the University of Toronto. PMID- 801771 TI - "Life must be lived forward but can only be understood backwards". PMID- 801772 TI - Problems and solutions. Case no. 2. PMID- 801773 TI - Current thoughts on the polymer tooth replica technique as applied to the polymethacrylate-vitreous carbon implant. PMID- 801775 TI - Problem solving in complete denture practice. PMID- 801774 TI - Toxoplasmosis: the selection of references. PMID- 801776 TI - Some historical notes on the development of anesthetics. PMID- 801777 TI - The release of pharmacologically active substances in parasitic infections. PMID- 801778 TI - The medicinal chemistry of 1,2,3-triazines. PMID- 801779 TI - The chemistry and biochemistry of C-nucleosides. PMID- 801780 TI - [Selection of abutments for bridges]. PMID- 801781 TI - [Effective normal setting and semi-hygroscopic expansion of dental casting investments. IV. The M.O.D. wax pattern: preparation and seating]. PMID- 801782 TI - [Characterization and development of waxes for investing casting. I. "Kerr" blue wax, "Saunders" blue wax and "Cl" experimental wax]. PMID- 801783 TI - [Study on reproducibility and cementing adaptation of the cast crown (author's transl)]. PMID- 801784 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of the effects of ethyl-cyanoacrylate on the human vital pulps, with special reference to endodontic therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 801785 TI - [Studies on physical factors of major connector in the partial denture. I. The rigidity of the palatal bar for the rotating force of the saddle (author's transl)]. PMID- 801786 TI - [Casting accuracy by the ringless casting method (author's transl)]. PMID- 801787 TI - [Dowel pins]. PMID- 801788 TI - Third ventricular width and the thalamocapsular border. AB - 65 patients were selected to assess variations in third ventricular width. The patients suffered from various extrapyramidal movement disorders, and all had undergone stereotactic VL thalamotomies. Third ventricular width was correlated with age, sex, diagnosis and intercommissural distance. Based upon the analysis of somatosensory response mappings, a medial displacement of the thalamocapsular border was demonstrated for patients with narrow third ventricles. PMID- 801789 TI - Needle scope attached to stereotactic frame for inspection of cisterna magna during percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal tractotomy. AB - Use of a fiber optic needle scope attached to the Todd-Wells stereotactic unit has facilitated electrode placement during percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy. PMID- 801790 TI - Chemotaxis and haemostasis. PMID- 801791 TI - T and B cells in myelomatosis. AB - The majority of treated patients with myelomatosis had a significantly decreased number of T cells as measured by both lymphocyte stimulation to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and by their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Seven untreated patients also had markedly depressed T cells. On the other hand, B-cell numbers' were significantly increased in the majority of the patients as judged by increased lymphocyte stimulation to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and the markedly increased numbers of rosettes that were formed with antibody-coated complement activated SRBC, as well as by immunofluorescence cell markers to monospecific immunoglobulin antiserum. PMID- 801792 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of ferritin in leucocytes. PMID- 801793 TI - Intermaxillary fixation using the acid technique. A case report. PMID- 801794 TI - Porcelain fused to gold. PMID- 801795 TI - It's only money: thoughts on completing my 30 000th Medicare claim. PMID- 801796 TI - Glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposits of IgA unassociated with systemic disease. AB - Typical features of IgA-associated nephritis were found in renal biopsies from 16 of 355 consecutive patients. Generalized segmental mesangial proliferation was noted in biopsies from most patients, and dense deposits were detected by electron microscopy in mesangial regions of approximately 50% of biopsies. Immunofluorescent studies showed IgA to be the predominant immunoglobulin in glomueruli; IgG was present in less than 50% of biopsies and IgM in only 12%. The serum IgA value was significantly increased (P les than 0.001) in 50% of patients and the mean IgA/IgG ratio was significantly increase (P less than 0.001) for the patient group as a whole, which suggests a selective increase in IgA. Mesangial deposits of C3 were present in 15 of 16 biopsies and properdin was noted in all biopsies tested; C4 was not demonstrated in any biopsy. This suggests activation of the alternative complement pathway. The results of this study support the concept that IgA-associated nephritis is a unique condition that in some patients gives rise to idiopathic recurrent hematuria. Although the prognosis is good in the majority of patients, the renal disease may progress. PMID- 801797 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: a survey. PMID- 801798 TI - Computer-aided diagnosis working in well defined areas. PMID- 801799 TI - William Henry Drummond--a master of the peasant thought. PMID- 801800 TI - [Malignant lymphoma developed primarily in maxillo-facial region; report of 4 cases]. PMID- 801801 TI - [Kidney transplantation in the rabbit. Surgical technic and results]. PMID- 801802 TI - [Metabolic and functional aspects of duodenocephalopancreatectomized patients]. PMID- 801803 TI - Changes in the body and its organs during lactation: nutritional implications. AB - Lactation makes considerably greater demands on the mother's body than pregnancy does in species where the young are helpless at birth and depend on mother's milk for a comparatively long time. These species include many rodents and carnivores and also man. The requirements for the production of milk are met partly from within, by the mobilization of the mother's body tissues, and partly from without, by an increased food intake. Both ways lead to alterations in the composition of the mother's body which may or may not be permanent. Fat laid down in the body during pregnancy is used and there may also be losses of calcium from the skeleton, especially if the calcium intake is low. Whether extra protein is deposited during human pregnancy and lost again during lactation still remains an open question. In rats, the answer depends partly on the intake of protein and energy. The increase in food intake during lactation in some species is so great that the gastrointestinal tract grows considerably to deal with it. In the rat, the small intestine more than doubles its weight. The intestinal wall dilates and the area of mucosa almost doubles. The liver also increases considerably in size owing to an increase in both number and size of cells. After lactation, the liver becomes smaller again, and so does the amount of protein in it, but there is no loss of cells, so that rats that have reared litters have more cellular livers than those that have not. There is no indication whether similar changes occur in women. PMID- 801804 TI - Maternal nutrition and lactation. AB - The present recommended dietary interpretation of the effects of both maternal nutritional status and diet on the yield and composition of milk is complicated by disparities between the methods of sampling, collection of samples and analysis in these studies. The effect of breast-feeding on the growth of the neonate and the desirable period during which unsupplemented breast-feeding can be safely given are discussed. Well coordinated studies worldwide on the effect of lactation on maternal and infant health and on the nutrient requirements of infants are urgently needed in view of recent developments regarding the true protein value of breast milk. The let-down reflex must be considered. Three main strategies, including supplementary feeding of the mother, for improving breast feeding potential among mothers who want to suckle their infants are outlined. PMID- 801805 TI - Shame and other anxieties associated with breast-feeding: a systems theory and psychodynamic approach. AB - It is easy to be over-simplistic about breast-feeding--what determines the choice of the breast; what causes rejection of breast-feeding as a feeding method; what determines success and what its failure? In fact, a bewildering range of factors, physical, psychological and sociological play a part. How can these be related to each other and ordered in general and for the individual? A general systems theory approach, in which the elements are envisaged as interacting dynamically, seems to offer a possible satisfactory explanatory model. Moving from social systems to the individual's intrapsychic system helps to understand the complexity of emotions aroused about the breast and breast-feeding. Shame and anxieties are seen to arise from the confluence of life history and current events. Intervention is necessary at many levels--societal, family and individual -if breast-feeding is to be re-established as the feeding method of first choice. PMID- 801806 TI - Community and sociopolitical considerations of breast-feeding. PMID- 801807 TI - Significance of the secretion of human prolactin and gonadotropin for puerperal lactational infertility. AB - The causes of puerperal infertility in lactating women are poorly understood. The controlling centres may be either the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or the ovary (or both). We studied the secretory dynamics of prolactin and gonadotropins in healthy, normal, lactating and non-lactating women after administering either gonadoliberin to assess pituitary responsiveness or human menopausal gonadotropins to assess ovarian responsiveness during the puerperium. A reciprocal relationship was observed between the secretion of gonadotropins and the secretion of prolactin after the nipples of mothers who were breast-feeding had been stimulated for 30 min. The absence of a short-loop negative feedback control by prolactin for gonadotropin secretion was not confirmed because cyclic secretion of gonadotropin was not necessarily impaired by hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia did, however, appear to impair the function of the corpus luteum in women suffering from non-puerperal galactorrhoea. We postulate a multifactorial mechanism for puerperal infertility based initially on the peripheral concentration of prolactin and gonadotropins and, in some poorly defined way, on the cerebral concentration of catecholamines. PMID- 801808 TI - Lactation--the central control of reproduction. AB - We are used to thinking of lactation as a consequence of reproduction but we tend to forget that, in many marsupials and placental mammals, lactation serves the equally important function of spacing-out the interval between successive births. In primitive human communities, the duration of the birth interval was all important for the survival of the young, and lactational amenorrhoea lasting up to two years was nature's most effective form of contraception. Today, particularly in urban areas, lactational amenorrhoea is short, even in those women who still breast-feed their babies, and this has been one of the major factors responsible for the recent rapid growth of the human population. There is still much speculation about the way in which lactation and nutritional status may act in concert to suppress reproductive activity. Afferent stimuli from the nipple are an essential component of the reflex and it is possible that, in addition to a generalized central inhibition, they may initiate secretory surges of prolactin that have a direct inhibitory action on the ovary itself. The evidence for these various mechanisms of action is discussed. PMID- 801810 TI - Stanley Lithgow Drummond-Jackson (D.J.). PMID- 801811 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801809 TI - Lactation: some cardiovascular and metabolic consequences, and the mechanisms of lactose and ion secretion into milk. AB - Lactation causes increases in mammary blood flow, gastrointestinal blood flow and cardiac output in the rat, and the suckling-induced release of lactogenic anterior pituitary hormones probably causes these changes, directly or indirectly. Metabolic requirements of lactation in women are similar to those in other animals not artificially selected for a high milk yield but the physiological control of the relationship between milk secretion and nutrient availability is not well understood. The unusual composition of the aqueous phase of human milk (rich in lactose but poor in sodium and potassium ions) can be explained by the same basic mechanisms for secretion of lactose and ions as operate in other animals but with quantitative differences. PMID- 801812 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801813 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801814 TI - Dental assistant of distinction. PMID- 801816 TI - Building stability and retention into complete lower dentures. PMID- 801815 TI - Simplified anterior crossbite correction. PMID- 801817 TI - Determined dental student turns tragedy to triumph. PMID- 801818 TI - In vitro strength of repaired fractured incisors. PMID- 801819 TI - The journal of Vida Latham (1866-1958). PMID- 801820 TI - J.W. Hardy. PMID- 801821 TI - [Sophrology: consciousness and a matter of conscience]. PMID- 801822 TI - [Michel Viquesnel 1924-1975]. PMID- 801823 TI - [Anatomo-physiologic concepts of masticatory muscles]. PMID- 801824 TI - [A friend has left us: Andre Huguin (1913-1975)]. PMID- 801825 TI - [Archaic oral tics and their correction by sophrology]. PMID- 801826 TI - [Concepts of fixed prosthetics and protection of the marginal periodontium]. PMID- 801827 TI - [Double-blind clinical study of a titrated extract of an unsaponifiable fraction of Zea mays (L) on gingival inflammation]. PMID- 801828 TI - [Clinical study of a new therapeutic agent for oro-dental diseases. Apropos of 50 cases in stomatology]. PMID- 801829 TI - [Edentate terminal molar region and its occlusal rehabilitation by non-metallic implant]. PMID- 801830 TI - [Fernand Brochere (1899-1975)]. PMID- 801831 TI - [Reliability of silicone elastomer for impressions]. PMID- 801832 TI - References: The treatment of congenital club foot. LXI Congress of the Italian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Milan. 30 September -3 October 1976. PMID- 801833 TI - The treatment of congenital club foot. Introduction. PMID- 801834 TI - Personal prevention. Meditation may be the answer. PMID- 801835 TI - Overview of end stage renal disease. PMID- 801836 TI - Cost of home dialysis versus institutional dialysis. AB - An actual cost analysis in the summer of 1975 showed that under the most costly of circumstances possible, home dialysis is always much less costly than institutional dialysis. During the first year of dialysis, when a patient must go through the expensive part of being trained for home dialysis in the center and of having the equipment installed, home dialysis even then is between $5,000 and $10,000 less costly than center dialysis. In subsequent years, after the initial outlay, home dialysis will be between $8,000 and $13,000 less costly than center dialysis. PMID- 801837 TI - The management of dialysis and transplantation in children. AB - Children with severe renal failure face numerous problems which are unique to their age group. The physiological and psychosocial changes which characterize growth and development must be integrated into the medical care of children requiring dialysis and renal transplantation. Congenital abnormalities are of greater importance in the young age group and glomerulonephritis less frequent as a cause of terminal renal failure. The problems of children during chronic hemodialysis often include retarded growth, sexual maturation and emotional development. Modifications in medications, equipment and technique are required for infants undergoing dialysis or transplantation. Growth following renal transplantation has been variably and related to renal function, age at transplantation, steroid therapy, and serum somatomedin activity. Rehabilitation has been achieved with both modes of therapy but is more likely following successful renal transplantation. PMID- 801838 TI - [A new semi-precision attachment with two functions]. PMID- 801839 TI - An historical account of nocturnal enuresis and its treatment. PMID- 801840 TI - Mesmerism: a prelude to anaesthesia. PMID- 801841 TI - [Dimensional accuracy obtained from multiple impressions of cavity preparations. II. Mercaptans (polysulfide polymers)]. PMID- 801842 TI - [Influence of methodological factors on the count of aquatic bacteria. I. Statistical analysis of the time transpired between sample collection and the start of the counting analysis]. PMID- 801843 TI - [Influence of methodological factors on the count of aquatic bacteria. II. Time of incubation]. PMID- 801844 TI - Recurrent herpes infections and levamisole. PMID- 801845 TI - [Chromosome changes and congenital malformations after use of estroprogestogens]. PMID- 801846 TI - [Devasting facial injuries]. PMID- 801847 TI - Neuro-histochemical observations on the pancreas of Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter) as revealed by the cholinesterase technique. AB - The sharpness in the staining of the neural elements with associated structures was maximum under maintained pH of 5.2, incubation period 19 h and temperature 40 degrees C, by cholinesterase technique. Innervation of the pancreas with reference to blood vessels, pancreatic duct, and islets of Langerhans has been studied in Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter). The fibres of the periarterial plexus, periductular plexus and the periinsular plexus were closely related to each other and were finally connected to the ganglia. Ganglia were distributed in the lobular cells and connective tissue space. They were large, small and medium and varies in shape, being rounded, oval, and elongated. Distribution of AChE activity was observed in various ganglia, nerve cells, and nerve fibres. PMID- 801848 TI - [Do the island neurons of regio entorhinalis belong to the class of pyramid or star-shaped cells?]. AB - In the vicinity of the collateral sulcus the cellular islands of the entorhinal region (lamina alpha of the outer principal layer = Pre-alpha) fuse, forming a cellular plate which runs obliquely through the outer laminae. Finally, the cellular elements of Pre-alpha lie in between the third and the fourth layer of the isocortex. The islands are mainly composed of star-shaped nerve cells with thorny dendrites and an axon extending into the white matter. Within the reaches of the oblique plate the shape of these cellular elements underlies an alteration. Apical and basal dendrites become more and more recognizable, the cell body gains the shape of a pyramid. For this reason, we consider the star shaped neurons of the islands to be modified pyramidal cells. They are compared with the genuine star cells (Golgi-II-cells) of the layer. Distinguishing characteristics not only of the Golgi- but also of the pigment-picture allow the unequivocal distinction between the modified pyramids and the Golgi-II-cells. PMID- 801849 TI - [Experiences with the glyoxylic-acid fluorescence method for the demonstration of biogenic amines in cuticle preparations, cryostat- and simple frozen sections]. AB - 1. Our studies aimed at methodical simplification to make available the glyoxylic acid-fluorescence method to everybody. We succeeded in receiving adequate results in the case of whole mounts, cryostat- and simple frozen sections. 2. Making ready the slide preparations may be divided into 5 steps:--incubation of fresh tissue in glyoxylic acid of 1...2% (pH-value 7.0)--making ready whole mounts, cryostat-or simple frozen sections--air-drying--exposure to 80...100 degrees C for 10...3 minutes--embedding with paraffinum subliquidum. Fluorescence microscopy and photography may be done in the bright and dark field, as well with usual filter-combinations. PMID- 801850 TI - [Methods and problems of spermatogonia counts in histological section preparations]. AB - The number of spermatogonia of the testicles is an important criterion for the assessment of the probable fertility prognosis. The determination of the mean content of spermatogonia per cross section of one tubulus seminiferus is considered as a standardized procedure in clinical practice. Counts of spermatogonia in 4 micron thick section preparations bear great errors. Such determinations have to be done on extremely thick sections. In the present study, this is proved by the results of morphometric investigations on nuclei of spermatogonia. On 89 testicle preparations autoptically obtained from children, measurements of the diameter and calculations of the relations of the axes as well as of the volumes of the nuclei of the spermatogonia are carried out. PMID- 801851 TI - [Determination of statistical error using the hit method]. AB - Referring to a histological example, an explanation is given which parameters of the hit procedure have an influence upon the magnitude of the random measuring errors. The dispersion of the measuring values decreases as the number of test points increases. Moreover, if the number of test points is equal, the dispersion is dependent on the relationship between test point distance and mean diameter of the object structures. It reaches a minimum if this ratio is greater than 1 or approximates 1. By subdividing a measurement with numerous test points into small sections it will be possible to calculate the standard deviation. For this, coarse-mesh test nets with few points are favourable. PMID- 801852 TI - [Chronic adhesive otitis media]. PMID- 801853 TI - [Tumors as allotransplants: neoplastic immunodepression and prospects of immunotherapy]. PMID- 801854 TI - [Experimental studies on tracheal reconstruction]. PMID- 801855 TI - [Chronic laryngo-tracheal stenosis. Plastic operations with flaps and free grafts]. PMID- 801856 TI - Sensory organization of the human thalamus. AB - A computerized program has been developed for on-line display and tape-library storage of stimulation-mapping data collected during stereotactic procedures. Using computer-generated displays of pooled clinical physiological data it has been possible to map through the upper midbrain and thalamus the lemniscal, spinoquintothalamic, auditory, vestibular, visual, extrapyramidal, and motor pathways, as well as the location of the pia. Each system is recognizable by a stereotyped, artificial, somatotopically organized stimulation-induced response that is devoid of modality information and independent of the site and parameters of stimulation. PMID- 801857 TI - Evaluation of stereotactic thalamotomies for pain relief with reference to pulvinar intervention. AB - Stereotactic thalamotomies were carried out in 51 cases of malignant and 9 cases of other painful conditions. The patients were divided into two groups--those with a relatively small lesion created in the basal part of the CM nucleus and those with a larger lesion extending into the pulvinar. In total, 50% of the cases showed complete pain relief, 20% partial relief and 30% no effect. The group with pulvinar intervention showed better results, especially those with malignancies. PMID- 801858 TI - Thalamus degeneration in Japan. A review from clinical and pathological viewpoints. AB - 12 Japanese cases with marked thalamus degeneration are reviewed. They are divided into 3 groups. The 4 cases of the first group showed a relatively short clinical course. Neuropathologically, the lesions of this group are selectively severe in the thalamus, and olivocerebellar atrophy is also observed. Because of the significance of the thalamic changes, this group is called 'primary thalamus degeneration'. The cases of combined system degeneration and presenile dementia, such as Pick's disease, are described in the 2nd and 3rd groups. In the thalamus, the developmentally younger, and medially and dorsolaterally located nuclei are most severely affected in all the cases. The substantia nigra, globus pallidus and cerebellar afferent systems, and occasionally the dentate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus and reticular formation, are also involved. In the cases of presenile dementia, in which the frontal and posterior parietal lobes are damaged, degenerated areas in the cerebrum and thalamus have a close relationship with each other genetically as well as in fiber connections. The clinicopathological relationship is discussed on the basis of those neuropathological findings. PMID- 801859 TI - VL thalamotomy for the treatment of tremor in patients with thalamic syndrome. AB - A 59-year-old female who underwent successful thalamotomy for tremor in thalamic syndrome was reported. Thalamic syndrome including tremor of the left limbs and slight dysesthesia over the left side of the face was thought to be due to the vascular lesion located in the right thalamus and adjacent structure by detailed radiological and electrophysiological examination. Significant alleviation of tremor was achieved by right VL thalamotomy without any complication. PMID- 801860 TI - Electrical impedance as a locating method in human stereotactic surgery. AB - During stereotactic surgery, electrical impedance was measured by means of a roving electrode technique with a sine wave current of 10 kc. Impedance showed a characteristic decrease when the electrode was passing through the thalamus and consequently the impedance profile corresponding to the thalamic area exhibited the characteristic shape of a 'frying pan'. By observing the impedance, it is possible to differentiate the thalamic gray matter from the surrounding structures with some accuracy. PMID- 801861 TI - Slight cerebellar signs in stereotactic thalamotomy and subthalamotomy for parkinsonism. AB - After the stereotactic treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease, a correlative study between the site of the deep subcortical lesions and subsequent cerebellar signs (dysmetria and hypotonia) was made. Cerebellar signs appeared in 27 cases (40.8%) of subthalamotomy and in 3 cases (8.6%) of VIM thalamotomy 2 weeks after an operation. The appearance of these signs after an operation was independent from the operative effect on tremor. Thus, we concluded that VIM thalamotomy might be better than subthalamotomy for the relief of tremor in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 801862 TI - Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on lung mechanics of babies after operation for congenital heart disease. AB - The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on lung mechanics was investigated in 12 babies after operation for severe congenital heart disease. At the time of study all babies were receiving or being weaned from ventilatory support and had abnormally low lung volume or compliance. During CPAP there was a fall in the pulmonary resistance which, with a slight decrease in minute ventilation, resulted in a significant decrease in the work of breathing. It is suggested that lowering the oxygen cost of breathing may contribute to the improvement in arterial oxygenation seen when CPAP is used. PMID- 801863 TI - Obituary. Sir Kenneth Adamson. PMID- 801864 TI - [Moulages in the field of maxillofacial prosthetics. Technics and materials]. PMID- 801865 TI - [Remedies for yesterday and today: rue, phytotherapeutic agent and religio symbolic object]. PMID- 801866 TI - [Is a single impression with Kerr paste and copper sleeve still in its prime?]. PMID- 801867 TI - [Significance of artificial teeth (Gerber's condyloform teeth) in complete dentures]. PMID- 801868 TI - Changing concepts in university health. PMID- 801869 TI - Fundamental research in molecular biology: its relevance to medicine. AB - Any research which has shed light on the nature of disease or opened new ways to its prevention or cure is here termed relevant, and the question will be asked whether the research could have been planned with these aims in mind. Examples will be taken from the chemistry and X-ray analysis of proteins and from molecular genetics. Blow and Hartley determined the amino acid sequence and atomic structure of the digestive enzyme chymotrypsin in order to solve the problem of enzymic catalysis. They succeeded but what they found has proved to be of much wider improtance than could have been foreseen at the outset: it gives the key to the mechanism of blood clotting and suggests new methods for its control. X-ray analysis of haemoglobin was started at a time when the structure of proteins was regarded as the central problem of biology, but it did not seem likely then that the results would shed light on the molecular pathology of inherited diseases. Ames made a life-long study of the genetic control of histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella because it represents an example of a widely used biological mechanism, but without expecting it to have any practical applications. Yet his recent exploitation of the system for the rapid and sensitive detection of chemical carcinogens may represent a breakthrough in cancer prevention. This unpredictable relationship of molecular biology to medicine is symptomatic of the subject's youth. PMID- 801870 TI - A qualitative and quantitative study to assess the effect of different acid etching solutions on human enamel surface. I. PMID- 801871 TI - [Study of the habitual position recording in different degrees of mouth opening and its relationship to the centric relation position (author's transl)]. PMID- 801872 TI - [The influence of form trays on the reproducibility of stone casts obtained from alginate impressions (author's transl)]. PMID- 801873 TI - [Method to evaluate the actual length of teeth for endodontic purposes (author's transl)]. PMID- 801874 TI - [Marginal leakage with 131INa in class IV composite resin restorations with enamel acid etching and subjected to dynamic loading (author's transl)]. PMID- 801875 TI - [A comparison between two and four bite-wing radiograph series in relation to caries diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 801876 TI - [Biometric variations of gingival sulcus deepness after using gingival retraction cords (author's transl)]. PMID- 801877 TI - [Comparative study between "pour resin" and conventional acrylic resins according to relative teeth position (author's transl)]. PMID- 801878 TI - [A study of the inclination of the mandibular fossa in relation to the labial cusps of the superior posterior teeth and the central superior incisor lingual surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 801879 TI - [A study of the inclination of the mandibular fossa in relation to the compensating curve and the occlusion plane (author's transl)]. PMID- 801880 TI - [Oral health condition of school children from Valparaiso (author's transl)]. PMID- 801881 TI - [The tensile strength of the connector in the overlay denture]. PMID- 801882 TI - [Static measures in the planning of tooth replacement: II. The free-end partial (II)]. PMID- 801883 TI - [Molds with wax collars]. PMID- 801884 TI - [Criteria of functional base construction for supported partial dentures]. PMID- 801886 TI - Historical prospective: Marquette University School of Dentistry: the beginning. PMID- 801885 TI - [Functional facial points in a basic design for model cast prostheses (I)]. PMID- 801887 TI - Mouthrinsing with fluoride: a review of clinical studies. PMID- 801888 TI - The dentist's personal health problems--and some remedies. PMID- 801889 TI - A short history of nitrous oxide anaesthesia. PMID- 801890 TI - Stomatitis associated with the acid-etch technique. Case report. PMID- 801891 TI - Handling synthetic elastomers in conservative dentistry. PMID- 801892 TI - Rapid maxillary expansion. PMID- 801893 TI - [Adhesion of ceramic to chrome-cobalt based and nickel-chrome based alloys]. PMID- 801894 TI - [Was Bennett's movement included in the movement described by Antoine Ferrein en 1744?]. PMID- 801895 TI - [Impression in complete prosthetics. Current concepts]. PMID- 801896 TI - [Bastien Henri Casanova 1913-1975]. PMID- 801897 TI - [Importance of dental malposition and migration in periodontics. II. Tissue reactions during orthdontic movement]. PMID- 801898 TI - [Restoration of extension segments of removable partial dentures according to Applegate, MacCracken, Nally, Singer]. PMID- 801899 TI - [Dr. Rene-Louis Paris]. PMID- 801900 TI - Deglutition phobia case study. PMID- 801901 TI - Generation of airborne infection...by high speed dental equipment. PMID- 801902 TI - A method to control bruxism: biofeedback-assisted relaxation therapy. PMID- 801903 TI - An interview with Dr. George A. Eversaul. PMID- 801904 TI - George Washington's bite. PMID- 801906 TI - A direct bond maxillary retainer. PMID- 801905 TI - The making of a profession. PMID- 801907 TI - Management of impacted cuspids. PMID- 801908 TI - Isolation of teeth for bonding. PMID- 801909 TI - Rocky Mountain Data Systems. PMID- 801910 TI - [Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the mandible (author's transl)]. PMID- 801911 TI - [A study on enamel solubility of erupted and unerupted first premolars]. PMID- 801913 TI - [Influences of water jet on brushing force, the number of brushing strokes, and plaque removal effects during manual toothbrushing in adults]. PMID- 801912 TI - [Relation between increased dental caries of primary teeth and physical development]. PMID- 801914 TI - [Application of cyanoacrylate sealant supplemented with treated glass filler to acid etched human surface enamel]. PMID- 801915 TI - [Attachment of composite and resin restorations to etched enamel]. PMID- 801916 TI - [Pontic design]. PMID- 801917 TI - [Post-retained crowns]. PMID- 801918 TI - [Post insertion problems of full denture patients]. PMID- 801919 TI - [The role of candida albicans in denture sore mouth]. PMID- 801920 TI - What to expect of recently passed and pending legislation. PMID- 801921 TI - Medicaid, HMO, PSRO. PMID- 801922 TI - [Clinical investigation on the toothpaste containing aluminiumlactate and aluminiumfluoride (author's transl)]. PMID- 801923 TI - [A case of tetanus: with demonstration of clostridium tetani in the wound of the finger nail bed (author's transl)]. PMID- 801924 TI - Occlusal conditions in individuals with congenitally missing or extracted teeth. PMID- 801925 TI - Classification of impression procedures in fixed partial denture construction. PMID- 801926 TI - Cardiac arrest in dental practice. PMID- 801927 TI - Unstimulated human parotid saliva: flow rate and composition. PMID- 801928 TI - Comparative study of the effectiveness of metronidazole, and spiramycin on the bacterial isolates in cases of ANUG and mixed oral infection. PMID- 801929 TI - The comparative assessment of the use of metronidazole, penicillin & combination of both in acute ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent's disease). PMID- 801930 TI - Cysts of the jaws. PMID- 801931 TI - Effect of metronidazole and spiramycin in cases of ANUG and mixed oral infection- a double blind clinical trial. PMID- 801932 TI - Provider's report on Indiana's Medicaid dental program. PMID- 801933 TI - [A quantitative study on Beta-lipoprotein in the blood serum of chronic marginal periodontal patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 801934 TI - [Study on the relation between periodontal disease and Beta-glucuronidase activity. II. Beta-glucuronidase activities in gingival fluid from patients with periodontal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 801935 TI - [Relationship between periodontal disease and histamine. I. Histamine contents in whole saliva and gingival fluid from patients with periodontal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 801936 TI - [A variation of sialic acid content in human mixing saliva by mouthrinses with chlorhexidine solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 801937 TI - [Experimentally apply "three-electrode system blood pH/gas analytic apparatus" in clinical dentistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 801938 TI - [The methods of quantitative analysis of histamine in whole saliva and serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 801939 TI - [Further studies on the direct bonding system. 2: The effect of pretreatment on the enamel surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 801940 TI - [The prognosis of the class III case (II). Facial changes of class III cases treated with midpalatal expansion (author's transl)]. PMID- 801941 TI - Dy-no-mite! PMID- 801942 TI - The hollow bur handpiece system. PMID- 801944 TI - The consumer and the D.C. Dental Directory. PMID- 801943 TI - "Dentistry--1776". PMID- 801945 TI - Proudly onward American dentistry, 1776-1976. PMID- 801946 TI - Outlook of practicing dentist consultant. PMID- 801947 TI - Current concepts for the treatment of atrophic alveoli. PMID- 801948 TI - Hundred year old dental office planned. PMID- 801950 TI - Cariology...from G.V. Black to oral biology. PMID- 801952 TI - Bergen Community Museum--a glimpse of dentistry's past. PMID- 801949 TI - Epinephrine containing gingival retraction cords--how safe are they? PMID- 801953 TI - Dimensional change of custom acrylic impression trays. PMID- 801954 TI - Immediate failure of replanted tooth...what to do. PMID- 801955 TI - Activators & bonding in the treatment of mixed-dentition distocclusion. PMID- 801956 TI - Alginate in full denture impressions. PMID- 801958 TI - Oregon Dental Association roster of members 1976-1977. PMID- 801957 TI - 1776-1976, Bicentennial. Progress of a profession. PMID- 801959 TI - The effect on professionally administered bi-annual prophylaxes on the oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries scores of school children. Two year study. PMID- 801960 TI - The effectiveness of dental hygienist teams in applying a pit and fissure sealant. PMID- 801961 TI - The current status of occlusal sealants. PMID- 801962 TI - Adhesive sealant clinical trial: results of a three-year study in a fluoridated area. PMID- 801963 TI - Adhesive sealant clinical trial: results eighteen months after one application. PMID- 801964 TI - Adhesive sealant clinical trial: effectiveness in a school population of the U.S. Virgin Islands. PMID- 801965 TI - Adhesive sealant clinical trial: an overview of results after four years in Kalispell, Montana. PMID- 801966 TI - Adhesive sealant clinical trial: comparative results of application by a dentist or dental auxiliaries. PMID- 801967 TI - Chemotherapeutics for the prevention of dental plaque. PMID- 801968 TI - Parental dental health education. Non-effect on oral hygiene among American Indian pre-school (headstart) children. PMID- 801969 TI - A comparative study of the retention of two pit and fissure sealants: one-year results. PMID- 801970 TI - A lesson from Medicaid. PMID- 801971 TI - Pulpal response to acid etching agents. PMID- 801972 TI - Milestones in the history of American dentistry. PMID- 801973 TI - Assessment of nitrous oxide subnarcosis as used in clinical dentistry. PMID- 801974 TI - [Clinical studies on mandibular bone grafts. I. Prognosis in 28 cases of bone grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 801975 TI - [A double blind comparative study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, ketoprofen on acute-inflammatory diseases in oral surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 801976 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of reticulum-cell sarcoma in the area of the left neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 801977 TI - [Clinical observation of sarcoma in oral region during the last 14 years. I. Six cases of osteogenic sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 801978 TI - Dual celebration of the Nation's bicentennial and Meharry's centennial: a dental view point. PMID- 801980 TI - All old soldiers don't fade away! PMID- 801979 TI - Benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. PMID- 801981 TI - U.S. patent office, James Cameron, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, instrument for adjusting the grinding - surface of artificial teeth. PMID- 801982 TI - Address to the Dental Foundation of North Carolina. PMID- 801983 TI - Address to the Third District Dental Society on the occasion of their honoring the School of Dentistry on its 25th anniversary. PMID- 801985 TI - Where do we go from here? PMID- 801986 TI - In a mirror dimly. PMID- 801984 TI - Measures of success. PMID- 801987 TI - A history of resin restorative materials. PMID- 801988 TI - Reliability of partial mouth recording of plaque during a preventive programme. PMID- 801989 TI - Why "plaque". PMID- 801990 TI - The spirit of prevention. Article 2. PMID- 801992 TI - [Begg technique with the use of a direct bonding: I (author's transl)]. PMID- 801991 TI - [Studies on two different metalflames of metal-bonded porcelain crown of upper central incisor with three-dimensional photoelastic experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 801993 TI - [A study of clinical analysis of overdenture vibration (author's transl)]. PMID- 801994 TI - 100 years of dental education in Canada: 1875-1975. PMID- 801995 TI - Treatment of porcelain fractures on metal ceramic splints. PMID- 801996 TI - Xylitol--a therapeutic and caries inhibitory natural carbohydrate. PMID- 801997 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of juvenile patients]. AB - An account is given of the author's experience in the prosthetic treatment (removable appliances) of children. The authors consider that prosthetic treatment in the primary dentition can be both justified and indicated due to absence or loss of primary teeth. Treatment must take into consideration the growth of the jaws as well as eruption of the permanent teeth. Prosthetic treatment of the young permanent dentition and of the erupting secondary dentition may particularly be necessary, but one must absolutely take into consideration the continuous growth of the jaws. It is important that the dental surgeon have to activate the parents to participate in their child's oral home care. PMID- 801998 TI - [Results of the clinical testing of fiber esophagogastroduodenoscopes designed by the All-Union Research Institute of Medical Instrument Making]. PMID- 801999 TI - [Comparative assessment of rigid and flexible choledochoscopes]. PMID- 802000 TI - Children's dental health in England and Wales. PMID- 802001 TI - A clinical trail of a fissure sealant--results after two years. PMID- 802002 TI - The sacro-iliac joint. PMID- 802003 TI - [Indication for subperiostal metal implants]. PMID- 802004 TI - [Example for complete functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the upper and lower jaw (II)]. PMID- 802005 TI - [The Dalbo stressbreaker joint]. PMID- 802006 TI - [Covering clasped teeth with crowns in model casting prosthetics]. PMID- 802007 TI - [The Tubinger immediate implant]. PMID- 802008 TI - [Reconstruction of abutment teeth for an existing partial denture (I)]. PMID- 802009 TI - [Bite fixation pins]. PMID- 802010 TI - [Example of complete functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the upper and lower jaw. (III)]. PMID- 802011 TI - [Modified impression technique and preparation of saw models]. PMID- 802012 TI - [Precision impression and bite recording for crowns and bridges using the ACR-M System]. PMID- 802013 TI - [Avoiding failures in casting]. PMID- 802014 TI - [Chrome-cobalt casts with natural gas]. PMID- 802016 TI - [The usefulness of electrogustometer for taste examination]. PMID- 802017 TI - [Wax impressions of the masticatory surface of teeth]. PMID- 802015 TI - [Principles of shaping occlusal surfaces of prostheses]. PMID- 802018 TI - [Ultrasonic application in the dental prosthetic laboratory]. PMID- 802019 TI - [Professor Wincenty Jacek Lepkowski (1866-1935)]. PMID- 802021 TI - [Biological-prosthetic treatment of certain post-traumatic conditions of permanent incisors in children aged 8 to 10 years]. PMID- 802020 TI - [Electrogalvanic stomatitis and cheilitis from prosthesis metals]. PMID- 802022 TI - [Thin-walled casts of stainless steel]. PMID- 802023 TI - [Porcelain in dentistry. An historical outline]. PMID- 802024 TI - [Clinical evaluation of abutment teeth and mucosal membrane below the bridge in patients after removal of prosthetic bridges]. PMID- 802026 TI - [The use of radiopantomography in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 802025 TI - [Smoothness of abutments after grinding]. PMID- 802027 TI - [The importance of radiological investigations before planned prosthetic management]. PMID- 802028 TI - [Early prosthetic management after maxillary resection]. PMID- 802029 TI - [Masticatory efficiency in patients with prognathism treated prosthetically]. PMID- 802030 TI - [Effect of apernyl in the treatment of complications of surgery for jaw neoplasms]. PMID- 802031 TI - [Clinical investigations of headache in functional temporomandibular myoarthropathies]. PMID- 802032 TI - [Demand for dental prosthesis by glass workers in Lower Silesia]. PMID- 802033 TI - [Evaluation of the mycostatic action of chlorhexidine used for disinfection of acrylic materials]. PMID- 802035 TI - [Influence of peripheric mechanisms on the food ingestion control]. PMID- 802034 TI - [Improvement of retention of prosthesis by abutment teeth using concise enamel bond system]. PMID- 802036 TI - [Physical analysis of the retention of removable complete dentures. Apropos of the Stanitz formula]. PMID- 802037 TI - [Periodontal crenotherapy at Castera-Verduzan]. PMID- 802038 TI - [Registration of position]. PMID- 802039 TI - [Retention bars in cases of partial edentulousness]. PMID- 802040 TI - [Cast crowns: impression technics and reproduction technics]. PMID- 802041 TI - [Pierre Joly is no more]. PMID- 802042 TI - [Advancement in teleradiographic cephalometry. Apropos of a subtraction technic]. PMID- 802043 TI - [Instrumentation adapted for the preparation of jacket crowns]. PMID- 802045 TI - [An experimental study on movement under occlusal forces in splinted abutment teeth of the distal extension denture (author's transl)]. PMID- 802044 TI - [Plastic reconstruction of the tooth crown in children (study of a composite polymerized by ultra-violet rays)]. PMID- 802046 TI - [Studies on the force-transmissive characteristics of clasps in relation to rotative force exerted on abutment tooth by the displacement of the free-end saddle (author's transl)]. PMID- 802047 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of the effects of isobutyl cyanoacrylate on exposed human vital pulp tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 802048 TI - [Denture hygiene I. Clinical evaluation of simple hygienic measures for institutionalized denture wearers. Studies at the Svartedal home for aged and sick in Gothenburg]. PMID- 802049 TI - [Denture hygiene II. Clinical evaluation of a hygiene program for patients with denture stomatitis]. PMID- 802050 TI - [Referral: "Temporomandibular joint troubles". Study of patients from a central polyclinic]. PMID- 802051 TI - [Clatification of dental laboratory works]. PMID- 802053 TI - [Construction blank for dental laboratory work]. PMID- 802054 TI - [Are implants "lege artis"?]. PMID- 802052 TI - [Cleaning and isolation of prepared surfaces]. PMID- 802055 TI - [Production of dentures by dental technician in Sweden in 1972]. PMID- 802057 TI - Lady with a mission. PMID- 802056 TI - [Longtime prognosis of the saddle bridge. A study of loo dentures]. PMID- 802059 TI - Peale and dentistry. PMID- 802058 TI - Charles Willson Peale. PMID- 802060 TI - [Dental caries in Bulgaria]. PMID- 802061 TI - [Stress reaction and momentum of abutments in free-end prostheses]. PMID- 802062 TI - [Tongue tie and speech disorders]. PMID- 802063 TI - Fenestration repair with hip graft--diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 802064 TI - Bacterial contamination and disinfection of the high-speed dental handpiece and the water it delivers. PMID- 802065 TI - Two centuries of dentistry in Virginia. 1776-1976. PMID- 802066 TI - Clinical evaluation of an acrylic pontic "adhesively" bonded to uncut abutment teeth: preliminary results. PMID- 802067 TI - Treatment of infrabony osseous defects by grafting: a review of the literature. 1: early research and experimentation. PMID- 802068 TI - Fusing porcelain to Ticon: a new approach. PMID- 802069 TI - [Treatment of fractures of processus articularis in the lower jaw]. PMID- 802070 TI - [Effect of lead on the periodontium and need of prosthetic treatment by patients exposed to lead]. PMID- 802071 TI - Combination therapy of essential hypertension with pindolol (Visken) and hydralazine. AB - Thirty patients suffering from essential hypertension were treated successively with placebo, hydralazine alone, and pindolol (Visken) combined with hydralazine. As compared to placebo hydralazine brought about a statistically significant reduction in blood pressure and an increase in pulse rate; palpitation was an irritating side-effect. Combining hydralazine and pindolol caused an additional fall in blood pressure (2 p less than 0.001) and the pulse rate decreased (2 p less than 0.001). This combination treatment had a favourable effect on the palpitation and angina pectoris also. PMID- 802072 TI - Standard trays for taking impression of partially edentulous jaws. PMID- 802073 TI - Effect of fixed restorations on the periodontal tissues. PMID- 802074 TI - Mast cell population in marginal periodontitis. PMID- 802075 TI - Evolutionary changes in the deciduous dentition of Near Eastern populations. PMID- 802076 TI - Physician contributions to nonmedical science: Sir Grafton Elliot Smith and Piltdown man. PMID- 802077 TI - Human placental lactogen. PMID- 802078 TI - Enzymes. PMID- 802080 TI - Progesterone and pregnanediol. PMID- 802079 TI - Estrogens. PMID- 802081 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 802082 TI - [A difficult problem of retention in bone-supported dentures]. PMID- 802083 TI - [Edouard Rand is dead]. PMID- 802084 TI - [The point: on attachments]. PMID- 802085 TI - Fetal and neonatal development of the microsomal monooxygenase system. PMID- 802087 TI - [Control points for the construction of a complete denture (II)]. PMID- 802086 TI - Nonoxidative enzymes in the metabolism of insecticides. AB - Two major classes of enzymes, i.e., hydrolases and transferases, comprise all the nonoxidative enzymes, and together these enzymes catalyze a wide variety of biotransformations of insecticides. The hydrolytic enzymes involved in insecticide metabolism are carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), arylesterase (EC 3,1.1.2), alkylamidase, and DFPase (EC 3.8.2.1). Recent experimental evidence suggests that carboxylesterase enzymes(s), formerly known to hydrolyze malathion type insecticides, can also catalyze hydrolysis of a variety of diversified insecticidal esters such as benzilic acid derivatives, carbanilate compounds, and pyrethroids. These organo-phosphate-sensitive esterases, with the exception of the enzyme which hydrolyzes malathion, are all present in microsomes. Similarly, the action of amidases now extends to those insecticidal compounds or their intermediates which contain an aminoformyl (N--CHO) moiety. Arylesterase and DFPase catalyze the P--anhydride bond cleavage of the leaving group, a major hydrolytic pathway for organophosphate insecticides. Transferal enzymes which are presently known to metabolize insecticidal organophosphates are GSH-S alkyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.12) and GSH-S-aryltransferase (EC 2.5.1.13). These enzymes cleave P--O--R (R = alkyl) or P--O--X (X = aromatic), with subsequent transfer of the R or X group to glutathione. Regarding the other conjugating enzymes, UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17), UDP-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.35), and arylamine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5), much work is needed to understand their interactions with insecticidal compounds. There is some evidence that arylsulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.1) may play a prominent role in the conjugative mechanisms of insects. PMID- 802088 TI - [Photoelastic analysis of bite force on teeth- and mucous membrane supported removable prostheses]. PMID- 802089 TI - [Static measures in the planning of tooth substitution. II. The free-end prosthesis (I)]. PMID- 802090 TI - [The question of further processing of an impression]. PMID- 802091 TI - [The position and form of a sublingual bar and formation of a border area]. PMID- 802092 TI - [Inaccuracy of plastic bases of complete dentures]. PMID- 802093 TI - [Practical conometry and adhesion as a function of conic margins]. PMID- 802094 TI - [Dental gold bonding and a new DIN-specification]. PMID- 802095 TI - [Stability of cast prosthesis]. PMID- 802097 TI - [The GKS-pattern]. PMID- 802096 TI - [Construction principles in partial prostheses]. PMID- 802098 TI - [Functional principles in the construction of bases for model cast prostheses (II)]. PMID- 802099 TI - [High frequency vacuum casting and multiple use of metals]. PMID- 802100 TI - [Forensic problems in prosthetics]. PMID- 802101 TI - [Technical methods for ascertaining gnathological occlusion concepts (I)]. PMID- 802103 TI - [Frequent failures in metalloceramics]. PMID- 802102 TI - [Static measurement in the planning of tooth substitution. III. The combination gap (I)]. PMID- 802104 TI - [Problems in precious metal precision casting]. PMID- 802105 TI - [Experience with the Chromo-Form-Set]. PMID- 802106 TI - [The static principles in the planning of tooth substitution. III. Gap combinations (II)]. PMID- 802107 TI - [Experiments on model materials for crowns and bridges]. PMID- 802108 TI - [Hans Lange, pioneer of our profession]. PMID- 802109 TI - [An Afghan practitioner in Nurnberg]. PMID- 802111 TI - [Failures, results and remedies in casting]. PMID- 802110 TI - [50th year of the dental laboratory of Dr. Elbrecht, New Isenburg]. PMID- 802112 TI - [Criticism of the Ney-system]. PMID- 802113 TI - [The metal-ceramic bond]. PMID- 802114 TI - [Optimization of a metal-porcelain system for dental application]. PMID- 802115 TI - [Is bonding of plastic materials still indicated for bridgework?]. PMID- 802116 TI - [Bonding of ceramics: precious metal or non-precious metal framework]. PMID- 802118 TI - Clinical studies in pulmonary eosinophilia. I--Comparative study of response to diethylcarbamazine and cortico-steroid drugs. PMID- 802117 TI - [Doses-related effects of lynestrenol on ovulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 802119 TI - Sources of energy production in Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG. PMID- 802121 TI - [Nutritional study of the membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. Utilization by the rat]. AB - The proteins of the membranes have a digestibility of 95%. As their content of lysine and threonine is high, they effectively supplement a diet with wheat gluten. When they are added up with methionine, their efficiency is comparable with that of casein. The carbohydrates of membranes are really different from cellulose and from the indigestible matter of plants, in both chemical and physiological fields: a) they are degraded in the caecum by the microorganisms; b) they do not decrease the digestibility of the ration. However, their true interest for the non-ruminant species remains uncertain and their true digestibility is difficult to calculate. According to some indirect criterions, it might be situated about 80%. The lipids of membranes have a digestibility of 35%. This fact must not be due to the nature of the fatty acids, but may be attributed to the very strong fixation of lipids in the membranes which makes their extraction by the solvents very difficult. Finally, the membranes of S. cerevisiae may be considered as a food product, mainly because of the efficacy of their proteins. PMID- 802120 TI - [Nutritional study of the membranes of S. cerevisiae. 1. Chemical composition and viscosity]. AB - After an enzymic auto-degradation of their cytoplasma, the residue of the yeast (S. cerevisiae) contains a thick cell wall and a thin plasma membrane. These total membranes have the following composition in dry substance: proteins = 20,5%, lipids = 31,5%, carbohydrates = 42,0%, and ash = 3,7%. About 85% of carbohydrates (glycans) are easily hydrolysable by chemical method and should be digestible by the non-ruminant species. Proteins, contain 6,9% of lysine, 6,35% of threonine and have only one serious deficit, that of methionine which is 57%. These proteins seem to be resistant to the Maillard reaction. The percentage of in vitro digestible lysine increases when the membranes have undergone a heating of sufficient intensity. The methods of the treatment may give to the membranes an important apparent viscosity. These membranes could play the part of thickening and gelifiant agent in food technology. They also might constitute an interesting source of proteins because of its concentration in lysine and threonine. PMID- 802122 TI - Serratia marcescens infections--selection of an antibiotic. PMID- 802123 TI - Chemotherapeutic properties of prominent nitrofurans. PMID- 802124 TI - Cefuroxime: a new cephalosporin antibiotic with enhanced stability to enterobacterial beta-lactamases. PMID- 802125 TI - Cefamandole nafate therapy in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. PMID- 802126 TI - Study of bioavailability of oral iron preparations. PMID- 802128 TI - New VA policy outlines veteran dental care, Sargenti Technique not acceptable. PMID- 802127 TI - The evolution of root canal therapy. PMID- 802129 TI - Rapid maxillary expansion in the non-growing patient: a surgical and orthodontic approach. PMID- 802130 TI - [Study of nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus]. PMID- 802131 TI - Use of a vitreous carbon implant as a distal abutment for a fixed bridge. PMID- 802132 TI - [Treatment of obesity with the anoretic Sanorex]. AB - Pathologically increased apetite is the most tormenting symptom of overweight conditions and therefore, along with dietetic treatment which plays an essential role, it is most expedient to resort to anorectic drugs also. Recently, the Sanorex preparation (Mazindol, Teronak, AN 448 degrees--imidazo-isoindole derivative having a tricyclic structure) is ever more extensively used. The action of the drug is studied in a series of 32 obesity individuals under sanatorial conditions and normocaloric diet, over a period of twenty seven days. The new preparation Sanorex which causes aversion to food, given in small doses, accounts for prompt and reliable control of the apetite--9590 kg reduction, 0,362 kg mean daily weight loss (p less than 0,05), and equal intensity of weight loss in either of the sexes (p less than 0,01). Side effects such as dryness in the mouth, very strong and moderate thurst, insomnia, superficial sleep, headache, elevated excitability, tachycardia, general feebleness are transitory, subside within two weeks, and are tolerated comparatively well by the patients included in the series. Sanorex administration may be recommended provided due consideration is given to the usual limitations implied by the continuous use of new drugs. PMID- 802133 TI - Current trends in the diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 802134 TI - [Experiences and considerations on odontoiontophoresis and the practice of endodontics]. PMID- 802135 TI - [Clinical and radiographic study of endodontically treated teeth. I. In dental academies of the State of Bahia]. PMID- 802137 TI - A bibliography of Scandinavian plastic surgery. PMID- 802136 TI - [Cloxacillin treatment for tooth and periodontal diseases]. PMID- 802138 TI - [Preservation of abutment teeth for free-end extended partial denture]. PMID- 802139 TI - [Interviews with founders and faculty of the Syrian College of Dentistry]. PMID- 802140 TI - [Golden Anniversary of the Syrian College of Dentistry]. PMID- 802141 TI - The significance of tooth wear in Polynesians--a review. PMID- 802142 TI - Laboratory evaluation of the tensile adhesive bond strength of a composite dental restorative system containing a surface--active comonomer to enamel and dentine. PMID- 802144 TI - Para-post system. PMID- 802143 TI - The effects of some salts commonly found in tap water on the expansion of inlays. PMID- 802145 TI - [Construction of dental prosthesis of cast metal]. PMID- 802146 TI - [Mandibular prognathism and prosthetic rehabilitation]. PMID- 802147 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of patients with bruxism]. PMID- 802148 TI - [Extractor for intraradicular implants]. PMID- 802149 TI - [Histology of children's teeth after application of composite resin by the acid etching technic]. PMID- 802150 TI - [Candida albicans and denture stomatitis]. PMID- 802151 TI - [Effect of periodontal condition on the function of prosthesis]. PMID- 802152 TI - [Anaerobic infections caused by unsuitable prosthesis]. PMID- 802153 TI - [Condition of dental profession in the 1st 2 decades of the 20th century in Slovenia]. PMID- 802154 TI - [Observations on malocclusions in children to six years of age from Sarajevo]. PMID- 802155 TI - [Use of tissue conditioners in prosthesis and prosthetic surgery]. PMID- 802156 TI - [Parotid facial pain. A new syndrome]. PMID- 802157 TI - [Subtotal reconstruction of the larynx]. PMID- 802158 TI - [In memory of Edmondo Coppo]. PMID- 802159 TI - [Laudation of the prize winners of the Paul-Ehrlich and Ludwig-Darmstaedter award 1977 Torbjorn Caspersson and Jean Bertrand Gurdon]. PMID- 802160 TI - Nuclear transplantation, gene injection and cell differentiation. PMID- 802161 TI - [Laudation of the prize winners of the Paul-Ehrlich award 1976 Georges Barski and Boris Ephrussi]. PMID- 802162 TI - [Laudation of Joseph Lindenberger, M.D. winner of the Paul-Ehrlich-Foundation prize awarded to the rising scientific generation]. PMID- 802163 TI - [Laudation of Jurgen Enenkel, M.D. winner of the Paul-Ehrlich-Foundation prize awarded to the rising scientific generation]. PMID- 802164 TI - [Ludwig Darmstaedter--life and achievement]. PMID- 802165 TI - [Ludwig Darmstaedter in his private life. Address at the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 802166 TI - [Influence of LSD25 and Deseril on the behaviour and level of biogenic amines in a rat's brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 802167 TI - [Psychotropic drugs, brain function and sleep. Neurophysiologic aspects of psychopharmacology and pharmacopsychiatry]. PMID- 802169 TI - [Modern design of partial veneer crown restorations]. PMID- 802168 TI - [Trial of a nickel-aluminium-niobium alloy in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 802170 TI - [Steps in the preparation of removable and fixed denture combinations]. PMID- 802171 TI - [P.K. Thomas' onlay bridge abutments]. PMID- 802172 TI - [Clinical forms for the reconstitution of the pulpless upper first bicuspid]. PMID- 802173 TI - John Greenwood: Soldier, privateer and dentist to America's first President. PMID- 802174 TI - A bicentennial salute to dentistry. PMID- 802175 TI - Biological activities of Propionibacterium acnes from the human oral cavity- dermal toxicity and res-stimulating activity. PMID- 802176 TI - Studies on the arsenic metabolism. Report 18. On effects of various antidotes on the enteral absorption of arsenical. PMID- 802177 TI - Studies on high quality high speed dental treatments. PMID- 802178 TI - [The point in conservative odontology. III. Endodontic therapies]. PMID- 802179 TI - [Occlusal rests and the alveolo-dental ligament]. PMID- 802180 TI - [Egyptian dental prosthesis: myth or reality?]. PMID- 802181 TI - [Acoustic trauma]. PMID- 802182 TI - [The point of attachment. II. Principles of implementation]. PMID- 802183 TI - [Adhesion and surface conditions of acrylic resin maxillary dentures]. PMID- 802184 TI - [Clinical experimentation of an analgesic in dental surgery]. PMID- 802185 TI - [Le point on attachments. III. Principles of use]. PMID- 802186 TI - [Variations on a complete denture]. PMID- 802187 TI - [Prescriptions of Aunt Anesthesia]. PMID- 802188 TI - [Surface of tooth crowns in anthropology using the replica technic]. PMID- 802189 TI - [The point in periodontology]. PMID- 802190 TI - [Impression technic for the sublingual region in complete mandibular dentures]. PMID- 802191 TI - [Use of plasma projection in odontology]. PMID- 802193 TI - [Orthodontic models]. PMID- 802192 TI - [Experimental study of a long span bridge model under mechanical stress]. PMID- 802194 TI - [A false representation of St. Apollonia: the beheading]. PMID- 802195 TI - [The natural smile. Procedures for its realization]. PMID- 802196 TI - [Contribution to the anatomo-physiologic study of the artificial tooth in total prosthesis]. PMID- 802197 TI - [The reposition prosthesis after unilateral resection of the mandible]. PMID- 802198 TI - [Internal maxillofacial prostheses (1/2)]. PMID- 802199 TI - [Planning errors in cast model prostheses]. PMID- 802200 TI - [Internal maxillofacial prostheses (II)]. PMID- 802201 TI - [Static measures in the planning of tooth substitution. I. Gap closing (I)]. PMID- 802202 TI - [Professor Dr. Alfred Gysi and the dental technicians]. PMID- 802203 TI - [Control points for the insertion of a complete prosthesis (I)]. PMID- 802204 TI - [Construction of a bilateral periodontal-gingival free-end prosthesis]. PMID- 802205 TI - [Static measure in the planning of tooth substitution. I. Gap closing (II)]. PMID- 802206 TI - [Internal maxillofacial prostheses (III)]. PMID- 802207 TI - [Historical development of dental chairs from the viewpoint of industry]. PMID- 802208 TI - [Artificial teeth]. PMID- 802209 TI - [Rotary instruments]. PMID- 802210 TI - Chairside repair of porcelain fractures in bridgework. PMID- 802211 TI - Replanting avulsed teeth via the acid-etch technic. PMID- 802212 TI - Practical uses of connector bars for stabilization and retention. PMID- 802214 TI - Dentistry in colonial America. PMID- 802213 TI - Pierre Fauchard: we still share riches of his dental legacy. PMID- 802215 TI - One-visit post and core technic for rapid crown placement. PMID- 802216 TI - Removable partial denture extension. PMID- 802217 TI - The perilous development of safe local anestheisa. PMID- 802218 TI - Case report: treatment, repair of a distal splint abutment. PMID- 802219 TI - Simplified indirect bonding of metal brackets. PMID- 802220 TI - [Single-piece cast prosthesis, but how?]. PMID- 802221 TI - [ZPF--test: the NUVA system]. PMID- 802223 TI - [Impression methods]. PMID- 802222 TI - [Failures and failure reasons of indirect inlay technique]. PMID- 802224 TI - [Contracts on dental prostheses are illegal]. PMID- 802225 TI - [Planning principles for partial dentures]. PMID- 802226 TI - [Not everybody is entitled to everything]. PMID- 802227 TI - Tooth autotransplants and allotransplants in subcutaneous tissue of rabbits. PMID- 802228 TI - Histopathologic study of supporting tissues of an endosteal implant. PMID- 802229 TI - Porous titanium plates for correction of mandibular defects. PMID- 802232 TI - Adhesion in biological systems. PMID- 802231 TI - Smallpox eradication--the final battle. PMID- 802234 TI - Preventing major errors in denture construction. PMID- 802233 TI - Hydrocolloid impression technique for inlays and fixed bridges. PMID- 802235 TI - Surgical treatment of prosthodontic problems. PMID- 802236 TI - Some experimental evidence of the aetiology and pathology of masticatory dysfunction. PMID- 802237 TI - Mechanical "adhesion"--'the next best thing!'. PMID- 802238 TI - The marginal adaptation of gold castings: a scanning electron microscope study. PMID- 802239 TI - Prudent surgery: important adjunct to prosthesis construction. PMID- 802240 TI - An approach to removable partial denture design based on biomechanical principles. PMID- 802241 TI - Denture induced inflammations. PMID- 802242 TI - In vitro susceptibility of urinary pathogens to trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim--nitrofurantoin combination. PMID- 802243 TI - The development pattern of the central diastema in the upper dental arch. PMID- 802244 TI - Topical application of sodium hexafluorostannate solution on 5 to 9 year old Tiel children. PMID- 802245 TI - [Porcelain fused to metal restorations and occlusal coverage with porcelain]. PMID- 802246 TI - [Water fluoridation in Cachoeiro de Itapemirin: its results after six years of operation]. PMID- 802248 TI - [Important points and progress in the area of pre-prosthetic-surgery]. PMID- 802247 TI - [Contribution to the study of orthodontic movements during "anchorage preparation, lower anterior retraction and Class II mechanics" II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 802249 TI - [A simple steel framed prosthesis]. PMID- 802250 TI - [APF--prosthesis. 1]. PMID- 802251 TI - [APF--prosthesis. 2]. PMID- 802253 TI - [Impression methods in partial dentures]. PMID- 802252 TI - [Gnathology]. PMID- 802254 TI - [Elastic retention equipment]. PMID- 802255 TI - [From our master examination]. PMID- 802256 TI - [From our master examination]. PMID- 802257 TI - [Dentistry of the ancient Greeks]. PMID- 802258 TI - [International symposium on acid etching]. PMID- 802259 TI - [Evaluation of therapeutic and protective activity of a new dental paste (TF 798)]. PMID- 802260 TI - [The incidence of dento-maxillo-facial malformations in the school population of Naples]. PMID- 802261 TI - [Prevention in San Mauro Torinese and computerization of data obtained]. PMID- 802262 TI - [Effect of use of a dentifrice with SnF2-ZrSi04]. PMID- 802263 TI - Evaluation of the acid-etch technique in concealing discolorations. PMID- 802265 TI - Dental disease in ancient Midwest American Indians. PMID- 802266 TI - [Experiences with the Hekomed-impression tray]. PMID- 802264 TI - Restoring clinical crown length through periodontal- prosthetic procedures. PMID- 802267 TI - [The Oberwohrmann NEO-coupling. A new attachment for rigid connection of a mucosal supported partial denture]. PMID- 802268 TI - [Telescope anchor in greatly reduced tooth space (I)]. PMID- 802269 TI - [Prosthetic concerns in a patient with a cleft lip and palate (I)]. PMID- 802271 TI - [The individualized tray for impressions of edentulous jaws]. PMID- 802270 TI - [Bilateral free--end prosthesis in combination with an anterior bridge]. PMID- 802272 TI - [Prosthetic concerns in a patient with lip-jaw-gum cleft (II)]. PMID- 802273 TI - [Prelude to finishing porcelain occlusion]. PMID- 802274 TI - [Laboratory technic functions in the care of patients with acquired defects in head region]. PMID- 802275 TI - [Growth technic modification of condyloform technic of Prof. Dr. A. Gerber, Zurich (II)]. PMID- 802276 TI - [Technical accomplishments in preparation of an adhesion mechanism between the obturator and total prosthesis]. PMID- 802277 TI - [Telescope anchor in greatly reduced tooth space (II)]. PMID- 802278 TI - [Construction proposals for vitallium prostheses]. PMID- 802280 TI - [Standardized construction designs]. PMID- 802279 TI - [Jaw orthodontic appliances of varied colored plastic]. PMID- 802281 TI - [Positioning of front teeth in complete dentures (II)]. PMID- 802282 TI - [Telescope anchor in greatly reduced tooth space (III)]. PMID- 802283 TI - [Not all work is solved with a single material]. PMID- 802284 TI - [Occlusal rest concerns]. PMID- 802285 TI - [Technical possibility of prosthetic problems in preparations for upper and lower jaws]. PMID- 802286 TI - [Detection of horizontal occlusion and articulation]. PMID- 802287 TI - [Reconstruction in TMJ-articulation]. PMID- 802289 TI - [Technical production of a pivot- or swing-lock (I)]. PMID- 802288 TI - [Bilateral free-end lower denture (I)]. PMID- 802290 TI - [Oral rehabilitation with concern for 14-member baked porcelain bridge]. PMID- 802291 TI - [Technical production of a pivot- or swing-lock (II)]. PMID- 802292 TI - [Construction of a divided maxillary bridge]. PMID- 802293 TI - [The technical production of a pivot- and swing-lock (IV)]. PMID- 802294 TI - [To the roots of dental technic]. PMID- 802296 TI - [Technical production of a pivot-and swing-lock (V)]. PMID- 802295 TI - [The reoccluding (sliding) complete denture in the articulator]. PMID- 802297 TI - [Working of precious metal-free alloy for baked ceramic]. PMID- 802298 TI - [Technical possibilities of manufacturing an extensive bridge]. PMID- 802299 TI - [Manufacture of a chamfer-shoulder-precision attachment]. PMID- 802301 TI - [Bases for moderate abutments]. PMID- 802300 TI - [Positioning posterior teeth in complete dentures]. PMID- 802302 TI - [New developments in surveyed cast clasps]. PMID- 802303 TI - [Layout of units of a baked ceramic bridge with resin Neo-Brillat]. PMID- 802304 TI - [Pre-heating as a parameter of casting quality]. PMID- 802305 TI - [Development of orthodontics and orthodontic appliances (I)]. PMID- 802306 TI - [Construction and processing, identification of difficulties. The construction and baking of Jelenko-Cameo porcelain]. PMID- 802307 TI - Problems of porcelain fused to metal crowns (III). PMID- 802308 TI - Preheating as a parameter for casting quality. PMID- 802309 TI - The bond between porcelain and gold alloys: characteristics and practical considerations. PMID- 802310 TI - [Description of a device used for splitting teeth in order to provide intact dental pulps (author's transl)]. PMID- 802311 TI - [Impression technic for peripheral crowns. Splints and multiple fixed prosthesis. Personal technic]. PMID- 802312 TI - [Adaptation of filling materials on enamel surfaces]. PMID- 802313 TI - [Principal indications for hypnosis in dentistry]. PMID- 802314 TI - [Sulcis in the wax pattern as influential factor on the alterations produced by the hygroscopic expansion of the investment]. PMID- 802315 TI - [Dimensional relationships between the average width of the medial upper incisors and the subnasal sulcus]. PMID- 802316 TI - [The mid-century generation in Colombian dentistry]. PMID- 802317 TI - [Golden jubilee]. PMID- 802318 TI - [Some failures with heterografts (hypothetical action)]. PMID- 802319 TI - [History of the Colombian Dental Federation]. PMID- 802320 TI - [Memorandum on the history of dentistry in Colombia]. PMID- 802321 TI - [Professional dental directory]. PMID- 802322 TI - [Guide planes]. PMID- 802323 TI - [Studies on dental self-curing resins--XVI. Application of benzoyloxyethyl methacrylate for adhesives with tooth (author's transl)]. PMID- 802324 TI - [Influence of prophylaxis and degree of oral hygiene in gingivitis]. PMID- 802325 TI - [Setting time expansion of some investing materials for some castings observed with rubber rings]. PMID- 802326 TI - [Mixed impressions (alginate and zinc oxide eugenol) in posterior bilaterally edentulous patients]. PMID- 802327 TI - [Rationalization for measurement method using Thales' theorem]. PMID- 802328 TI - [Contribution to the study of etiologic factors in incisal overbite]. PMID- 802329 TI - [Impression taking with elastic masses in fixed protheses: I: Double impression technique]. PMID- 802330 TI - [Impression taking with elastic masses in fixed protheses: II: Impression in one sitting with individual tray]. PMID- 802331 TI - [Fidelity to the original of models obtained with the single impression technic with individual tray (bridge of 14 elements)]. PMID- 802332 TI - [Fidelity of the model from the original (14 unit bridge): possibility and limits of duplication of the model]. PMID- 802333 TI - [Elastic masses: conservation treatment and manipulation]. PMID- 802334 TI - [Influence of saliva on the adhesiveness of the second paste to the first in the double impression technic]. PMID- 802336 TI - [Clinical research on gingival retraction in periodontitis regression]. PMID- 802335 TI - [Fidelity to the original in models obtained with double impression technic (14 element bridge)]. PMID- 802337 TI - [Silicate, Sevriton and composite resins in class IV restorations. Clinical evaluation]. PMID- 802338 TI - [Effect of mechanical control of dental plaque on the development of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. The Karlstad study]. PMID- 802339 TI - [Preventive effects on dental caries of mechanical control of dental plaque among 13 - 16 year old schoolchildren]. PMID- 802340 TI - [The Tuve study. 3 years preventive treatment of 16 - 19 year olds]. PMID- 802341 TI - [Diet and dental caries of 4 year old]. PMID- 802342 TI - [Effect of dental caries prevention of children with a high level of streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 802344 TI - Removable partial denture prosthodontics--a review of the 1973 literature. PMID- 802343 TI - Saint Apollonia. Dentistry's patron saint. PMID- 802345 TI - [Synergestic action of the fluoride, vanadium, molybdenum and manganese in potable water on caries resistance]. PMID- 802346 TI - [Oral manifestations of prediabetic conditions in dermatological patients]. PMID- 802347 TI - [Most frequent location of mandibular fractures and the treatment of the teeth in the fracture line]. PMID- 802348 TI - [Clinico-etiological studies of aphthous stomatitis in children]. PMID- 802349 TI - [Tissue reaction to root canal filling materials]. PMID- 802350 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on the microstructure of S and R type colonies of Salmonella and Shigella groups. PMID- 802351 TI - Treatment of infrabony osseous defects by grafting: a review of the literature. II. Recent success with autografts and homografts. PMID- 802352 TI - [Crowns and bridge substitute and the periodontal margin]. PMID- 802353 TI - [Blade implantation]. PMID- 802354 TI - [New agreements from the practitioners' viewpoint]. PMID- 802355 TI - [Critical observations on vertical dimension]. PMID- 802356 TI - [Two ten-year experiences with implantation (II)]. PMID- 802357 TI - [Another development in Ivotray advances]. PMID- 802358 TI - [Today's position in impression technic (I)]. PMID- 802359 TI - [Today's position in impression technic (II)]. PMID- 802360 TI - [Working methods and indications for active expansion plates]. PMID- 802361 TI - [Experience with the Ivotray--Universal implement for the closed mouth impression]. PMID- 802362 TI - [Aspects and problems of bone transplantation]. PMID- 802364 TI - [The enossal implant and its possible meaning for problem cases]. PMID- 802363 TI - [Jaw surgery. Historical development and the actual situation]. PMID- 802365 TI - [Periodontally-protective designed partial dentures]. PMID- 802366 TI - [Are impressions to be avoided?]. PMID- 802367 TI - [The social prosthesis]. PMID- 802368 TI - [Is Dolor Fothergill a right term for facial pain?]. PMID- 802369 TI - [Prosthetic treatment with new methods]. PMID- 802370 TI - [A peasant boy becomes physician to the Pope and is found to be knowledgeable in dental treatment]. PMID- 802372 TI - [Construction of the bilateral, periodontal-gingival-borne free-end prosthesis. 1. Criteria for judging free-end prosthesis]. PMID- 802371 TI - [Dentistry in the surgical teaching of Matthaus Gottfried Purmann (1648-1711)]. PMID- 802373 TI - [Clinical electrocardiologic and dental treatment]. PMID- 802374 TI - Tissue localization of some teratogens at early and late gestation related to fetal effects. PMID- 802375 TI - The anti-inflammatory activity of irritants. PMID- 802376 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac volume and contractility and their correlation]. PMID- 802377 TI - [Evaluation of some immunolgical parmeters in Basedow's disease]. PMID- 802379 TI - [Mandibular second premolar with three root radicular canals--clinical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 802378 TI - [Qualitative clinical study of some evidencing substances of plaques in deciduous teeth. I. Dyeing foodstuff (author's transl)]. PMID- 802381 TI - [Agenesis of third molar teeth in Brazilian white individuals (author's transl)]. PMID- 802380 TI - [Study of the hematological changes in thirty patients with chronic dental infection, before and after surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 802382 TI - [Parafunction--contribution to bruxism etiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 802383 TI - [The microbiota of deep carious dentine (author's transl)]. PMID- 802384 TI - [Study of the hygroscopic expansion influence on bath for casting with alloys of silver - tin system (author's transl)]. PMID- 802385 TI - Lung transplantation: improved survival of canine lung allografts perfused with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). PMID- 802386 TI - Surgical reconstruction of lids for cancerous and other lesions. First Dr. Antonio Navas memorial lecture. PMID- 802388 TI - The role of disopyramide after myocardial infarction. PMID- 802389 TI - Obituary: R. C. Wofinden, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F.C.M., D.P.H., D.P.A. PMID- 802390 TI - Synthesis of high molecular weight polypeptides in Escherichia coli minicells directed by cloned Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2-micron DNA. AB - The minicell-producing Escherichia coli strain P 678-54 was transformed with a series of defined PTY chimeric plasmids consisting of yeast 2-micron DNA and E. coli plasmid pCR1. In minicells the integrated 2-micron DNA from yeast directed specifically the synthesis of six polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 15,000, 17,500, 20,000, 22,000, 37,000, AND 48,000. The specificity of five other polypeptides, which cover a molecular weight range of 19,000 to 28,000, has not yet been established with certainty. Neither the orientation of the integrated DNA, nor the inversion which distinguishes the two structural forms of 2-micron DNA affected the polypeptides synthesized. However, integration at a given EcoRI site appeared to be correlated with the absence of one particular polypeptide band; this suggests that at least one of these sites is located in an expressed region of the DNA. PMID- 802391 TI - Propagation in E. coli of bacteriophage lambda with integrated fragments of adenovirus 2 DNA. AB - Hybrid genomes of bacteriophage lambda with integrated fragments of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA have been constructed in vitro and propagated in E. coli. DNA from a derivative of bacteriophage lambdaplac5 (Rambach and Tiollais, 1974) was used as a vector. The two fragments of the vector DNA contain all the essential genes for the replication of the lambda DNA but are too short to be encapsidated. Insertion of DNA is therefore essential for plaque formation which constitutes a selection method for phages containing hybrid genomes. Fragments EcoRI-B and EcoRI-F of Ad2 DNA were purified, and separately ligated with the vector fragments. Clones of hybrid phage could readily be isolated. Two clones of hybrid phage containing fragment EcoRI-B inserted in opposite directions were used to study the transcription of adenovirus-specific sequences. Hybridization experiments showed that transcripts from both strands of fragment Ad2-Eco RI-B could be detected and that transcription probably was controlled by the "early" leftward and the "late" rightward promoters on the lambda genome. No polypeptides specified by the adenovirus fragment have so far been identified. PMID- 802392 TI - In vitro construction of bacteriophage lambda and plasmid DNA molecules containing DNA fragments from bacteriophage T4. AB - Restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII generated fragments of T4 cytosine containing DNA were inserted into bacteriophage vector lambdagtSuIII and plasmid vectors pMB9 and pBR313. Resulting clones were screened for hybridization with 32P labeled T4 tRNA. Recombinant bacteriophages and plasmids were isolated which contained a T4 fragment coding for T4 RNA species 1 and 2 and T4 tRNA Arg. Selected lambda-T4 hybrid bacteriophages were grown to high titer and their DNA analyzed by gel electrophoresis. PMID- 802394 TI - [New concepts for the application of implants of fixed-removable bridges with the use of "swing-lock" attachment]. PMID- 802395 TI - [Long term results of implants conducted by the Department of Dentistry of the Ospedale Maggiore]. PMID- 802396 TI - [New detergent vehicles for dental plaque and their use in oral hygiene]. PMID- 802397 TI - [Surgical therapy of submandibular sialolithiasis]. PMID- 802398 TI - [Ceramic bridges]. PMID- 802399 TI - [Clinical considerations after 3 years of activity of prosthetic implantations at the Dental Clinic of the University of Milan]. PMID- 802401 TI - [Thermal effects of baking porcelain]. PMID- 802400 TI - [Factors that influence the bonding of enamel sealants]. PMID- 802402 TI - [Onlay bridge]. PMID- 802403 TI - [Periodontal considerations in prosthetic rehabilitation]. PMID- 802404 TI - [The form for superstructures for implants]. PMID- 802405 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis of the mandible]. PMID- 802406 TI - [How to build a gold-ceramic bridge]. PMID- 802407 TI - [Historical curiosities in oral hygiene, toothpicks and toothbrush]. PMID- 802408 TI - [Cephalosporins in dentistry]. PMID- 802409 TI - [Prosthetic management of a case of cleft palate]. PMID- 802410 TI - [History of the evolution of diamond burs in dentistry]. PMID- 802412 TI - [Realization of systemic relations in the behavior of early neuroblasts in nerve tissue cultures]. AB - When cultivating the nervous tissue of newborn rats, rabbit embryos and tadpoles (as whole fragments or dissociated cells), 3 groups of neuroblasts are distinguished: differentiating, migrating and with growing processes. These groups correspond to different stages of neuroblast development in vivo and their presence in the tissue cultures of different brain regions reflects the heterochrony of cell development in these regions. The neuroblasts realize their morphogenetic potential within several days of cultivation irrespective of the contact with the other cells but the subsequent differentiation (dendrite branching, nuclear clearance etc.) proceeds only in cells united in aggregates. PMID- 802413 TI - [Management of oral flora by various methods of oral hygiene in patients with intraoral wired appliances]. PMID- 802411 TI - [Technic for construction of a gold and ceramic bridge with the possibility of trying the individual elements before they are soldered to each other]. PMID- 802414 TI - [Periodontal prophylactic principles in the management of defective dentitious with model cast prostheses]. PMID- 802415 TI - [Methods for definitive adjustment of tooth substitution]. PMID- 802416 TI - [Prosthetic aids (I)]. PMID- 802417 TI - [Technic of cast prostheses]. PMID- 802418 TI - [Psychological aspects of prosthetic treatment (I)]. PMID- 802419 TI - [Work practice in dental prosthetics (I)]. PMID- 802420 TI - [Epidemiology of the dental plaque. I. (author's transl)]. PMID- 802421 TI - [Prevalence of periodontal disease in school children, ages ranging from 7 to 12, black, from both sexes, in the urban area of the city of Florianopolis (author's transl)]. PMID- 802422 TI - [Frequency of the fourth molar in 1,300 black and white patients, both the sexes, inhabitants of Santa Catarina (author's transl)]. PMID- 802424 TI - [Occlusal equilibrium: an instrument accessible and efficient for selective equilibration]. PMID- 802423 TI - [Visual acuity in distance for dental students of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (author's transl)]. PMID- 802425 TI - [Third molar agenesis in patients from both sexes, white and black, ages ranging from 18 to 21, inhabitants of Santa Catarina (author's transl)]. PMID- 802426 TI - [Trimethoprim and sulfametoxazole in urinary infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 802427 TI - [Salmonella typhimurium. Antimicrobial drug resistance patterns and phage types (author's transl)]. PMID- 802428 TI - [Homage to the late Dr. Armando Larraguieel (author's transl)]. PMID- 802429 TI - [Gastrectomy: single-layer suture]. PMID- 802430 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 802431 TI - [Development of knowledge concerning the early diagnosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 802432 TI - Human leucocyte migration inhibition. AB - Within the last decade a variety of techniques have been developed and used for the detection of cell-mediated immunity in man by means of leucocyte migration inhibition in vitro. A detailed description of the leucocyte migration capillary tube technique (LMCT) and the leucocyte migration agarose technique (LMAT) is given. The procedure for selecting and using the proper antigen concentration is described. A description is also given of the indirect LMAT and the technique for determination of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte release of leucocyte migration inhibition factor. Applications of these techniques are mainly intended for the exploration of the immunobiology of lymphocytes and cellular interactions associated with the immune response and the investigation of clinical conditions in man, i.e. infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplantation states, tumour diseases, contact hypersensitivity and immunological deficiency states. Selection and adaptation to suit the experimental aim is necessary to obtain optimal results with these techniques. Their usefulness may be increased through more extensive use of purified antigens and indirect assays. PMID- 802433 TI - Lymphocyte surface membrane immunoglobulin. AB - Demonstration of surface Ig on lympohcytes is subject to interference by the formation of immune complexes between the fluorochrome tagged antibodies and minute amounts of residual serum Ig present in the fluid phase or loosely bound to the Fc receptor. These newly formed immune complexes accordingly bind to Fc receptors, including those of the Fc-positive Ig-negative third population, and result in falsely elevated percentages of Ig-bearing cells. In principle, this immune complex formation can occur with any soluble antigens, but in practice it is most commonly encountered with IgG and to a lesser extent with IgM or IgA determinations. The use of fluorochrome tagged F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies in fluorescence results in an immune complex without an exposed Fc region that does not bind to Fc receptors. Methods for preparation of the F(ab')2 fragments are described. The use of latex ingestion as an aid for the identification of monocytes has the additional effect of allowing autoreactive anti-lymphocyte antibodies to elute from the cell surface and thereby diminishes this additional source of false positive surface fluorescence. PMID- 802434 TI - [Myodynamic impression technics. Study of reproducibility II]. PMID- 802435 TI - [Treatment of edentulous patients with adaptation problems. 1. Reconstruction of old complete denture]. PMID- 802436 TI - [Treatment of edentulous patients with adaptation problems. 2. Step by step preparation of a complete denture]. PMID- 802437 TI - [Treatment of edentulous patients with adaptation problems. 3. Duplicating complete dentures]. PMID- 802438 TI - [Chrome-nickel steel X18 H10T as a material for model cast bridges]. PMID- 802440 TI - [Late results of surgical treatment of parotid gland tumors]. PMID- 802439 TI - [Experience with the treatment of complicated acute periodontitis]. PMID- 802441 TI - [The hook "fishing" rod as a device for suspension fixation in facial fractures]. PMID- 802442 TI - [Bruxism and periodontal diseases in neuropsychological diseases]. PMID- 802443 TI - [Combined impression using pink wax]. PMID- 802444 TI - [A case of delayed fitting of denture after unilateral resection of the ascending ramus of the mandible, with exarticulation]. PMID- 802445 TI - [Relationship between periodontal diseases and maxillofacial abnormalities in school children and adults]. PMID- 802446 TI - [Differential diagnosis of congenital cysts of the neck]. PMID- 802447 TI - [Results of the use of fluoridated amalgam in the treatment of dental caries]. PMID- 802448 TI - [Occlusion and impression taking for partial dentures]. PMID- 802449 TI - [Clinical results immediately after dental pulp extirpation]. PMID- 802450 TI - Current microbiologic aspects of enteric infections of children. PMID- 802451 TI - The existence of (sodium, potassium and calcium) ionophores in different membranes and their possible clinical importance. PMID- 802452 TI - [Do high speed instruments increase the risk of infection in dentists and auxiliary personnel?]. PMID- 802453 TI - [History of dentistry of the ancient Hebrews and Phoenicians]. PMID- 802454 TI - [10 years of periodontal surgery: remote revision and present times]. PMID- 802455 TI - [New developments in implantology: the blades of the generation following those of Dr. Linkow]. PMID- 802456 TI - [Fractures of the orbital floor]. PMID- 802457 TI - [Injuries of the free border of the eyelids; excluding injuries to the lacrymal canal]. PMID- 802458 TI - [Suturing of simple corneal injuries]. PMID- 802459 TI - [Corneal injuries with iris lesions]. PMID- 802460 TI - Repression of Arg mRNA synthesis by L-arginine in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. PMID- 802461 TI - Evidence for turnover of polysomal structures during aminoacyl-tRNA deprivation in relaxed mutants of E. coli. PMID- 802462 TI - An improved method for the preparation of yeast enzymes in situ. PMID- 802463 TI - [Preparation of dowel crown making use of polyethyl methacrylates]. PMID- 802464 TI - [Binding of precious dental alloys in casting]. PMID- 802465 TI - [Use of alkyl-alpha-cyanoacrylates in prosthetics]. PMID- 802466 TI - [Methods for the production of crowns with cast cusps]. PMID- 802467 TI - Biliary excretion of metals. PMID- 802468 TI - Formation of stable epoxides in the metabolism of tricyclic drugs. PMID- 802469 TI - Pharmacologic implications of heparin interactions with other drugs. PMID- 802470 TI - Methods for obtaining drug time course data from individual small laboratory animals: serial microblood sampling and assay. PMID- 802471 TI - Comparison of specificities of humoral and cellular immune response to haptens. AB - In this study we induced humoral and cellular immunity to three isomers of aminosulfanilic and aminobenzoic acids and compared their respective specificities. These studies were facilated by using a new method for preferentially inducing a cellular immune response to haptens: the haptens were covalently coupled to mycobacteria and injected into animals in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Humoral antibody was induced by coupling the same isomers to bovine serum albumin and injecting them into animals in complete Freund's adjuvant. Both groups of animals were examined for hapten-specific cellular immunity (migration inhibition factor, delayed skin tests) and for antibody response (passive hemolysin test). The results show that although both cell mediated and humoral responses can discriminate the para, meta and ortho isomeric forms of the haptens used, the antibody response demonstrated much less cross reactivity. The relevance of this finding to different requirement for B and T cells in antigenic recognition is discussed. PMID- 802472 TI - A general method for enumerating single cells secreting antigen: albumin secreting hepatocytes detected as plaque-forming cells. AB - Sheep erythrocytes, artificially coated with purified antibody specific for mouse serum albumin (anti-MSA Ab-E) were agglutinated and lysed by mouse serum albumin. Mouse liver cells, plated with anti-MSA Ab-E formed hemolytic plaque in a modified plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The same cells tested with anti-MSA Ab E did not rosette in modified immunocyto-adhesion assay. Thus, liver cells secreted molecules (albumin) which were not detectable on the cell membrane. This PFC assay with Ab-E is probably a general method for enumerating antigen secreting cell. PMID- 802473 TI - The dominant role of Ia antibodies in the passive enhancement of H-2 incompatible skin grafts. AB - The ability of H-2 antisera and their constituent K and Ia antibodies to enhance the survival of skin allografts was investigated. Ia sera were prepared from H-2 alloantisera by exhaustive absorption with donor-strain RBC and the absorbed K antibodies were also recovered by acid elution of the RBC. The removal of conventional K/D antibody in no way diminished the activity of enhancing sera over wide dose ranges in two different incompatibility systems. The recovered K/D antibodies in the doses used had at best a trivial enhancing effect. The dominant role of Ia antibodies in enhancement was confirmed by showing significant prolongation of graft survival in third-party systems where the sera covered only some of the Ia antigens in incompatibilities involving K,D and Ia differences and in homologous systems using Ia sera fractionated into their constituent mono-specificities. It is concluded that enhancement is a function of antibodies directed against Ia antigens (I region products) and that antibody against conventional histocompatibility antigens such as H-2.K, D, and by homology HL-A and Ag-B has only a minor role in passive enhancement. PMID- 802474 TI - Gastric lymphoma, a radiologic diagnosis. AB - Because endoscopy and gastric cytology lack specificity, radiographic evaluation is still the most reliable means of diagnosing gastric lymphoma preoperatively. A retrospective analysis indicates that if careful attention is paid to the radiologic features, gastric lymphoma can be distinguished from gastric carcinoma in most of cases. The radiographic findings of a long segment of involvement, multiplicity of radiographic pattern, and diffuse infiltration consisting of concentric abnormal folds without significant narrowing of the lumen are characteristic of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 802476 TI - [Psychosociologic problems of age and their oral dental problems. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 802475 TI - [Hemorrhage-prone patients]. PMID- 802477 TI - [Vertical dimension in complete prostheses]. PMID- 802478 TI - [Teledyne Hanau articulator]. PMID- 802479 TI - [Utilization of a Whaledent Splint Mate System for substitution of a mandibular incisor]. PMID- 802480 TI - [Gingival fluid and oral microorganisms]. PMID- 802481 TI - [The edentulous maxilla and the effects due to pressure on the mucosa during rest]. PMID- 802482 TI - The census in Ireland--Petty to Wilde. PMID- 802483 TI - Amniotic band lesions. PMID- 802484 TI - Mr. James G. (Jamsey) Maher. PMID- 802485 TI - Simulated proficiency test specimens in enteric bacteriology. AB - A procedure for proficiency test sample preparation in enteric bacteriology is described and evaluated. Research indicates that a mixture of cooked meat and glucose provides an appropriate supporting substrate for simulation of clinical specimens. Mixed cultures of enteric bacteria were added to the substrate, the mixture lyophilized, and distributed to participating laboratories for testing. This procedure permits an assessment of the isolation capabilities of laboratory media, as well as identification skills. PMID- 802486 TI - Isolation of acid-fast organisms from milk and oysters. AB - Raw and pasteurized milk, as well as oysters collected from approved growing areas, were cultured for the presence of acid-fast organisms. Mycobacteria and nocardia were isolated from 68.8% of the raw milks, but none from the 43 pasteurized specimens. The 66 isolations were identified as follows: one M. marinum, two M. scrofulaceum, nine M. gordonae, seven M. flavescens, nine M. avium---M. intracellulare complex, 18 M. terrae complex, 12 M. fortuitum, six M. "parafortuitum" complex, and two Nocardia asteroides. From nine pooled samples of oysters 15 mycobacterial strains were cultured. These strains were identified as follows: three M. scrofulaceum, five M. gordonae, two M. avium--M. intracellulare complex, two M. terrae complex and three M. "parafortuitum" complex. PMID- 802487 TI - Comparison of the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum and the automated fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test. AB - The qualitative microhemagglutination assay for detection of antibodies to Treponema pallidum and the automated fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption tests were directly compared as confirmatory tests for syphilis. They were compared on 2,790 specimens from patients of New York City Social Hygiene Clinics. Overall agreement between the two assay methods was 89.6%. Only 1.5% of the total specimens tested were reactive by the automated fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, and nonreactive by the microhemagglutination assay. The majority of specimens which disagreed were reactive only by the microhemagglutination assay. These comprised 8.9% of the total specimens tested. When such specimens were further tested by the manual fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, 63% were also reactive in that test, and 16.7% gave borderline reactions. Fifty-four per cent of those reactive specimens were from patients suspected of being in a latent stage of syphilis, 10% from patients suspected of being in other stages, and 36% from patients not suspected of having syphilis. Because of the increased sensitivity of the microhemagglutination assay, its use is recommended instead of the automated fluorescent test. However, the manual fluorescent test should be performed when the result of the microhemagglutination assay is completely inconsistent with the clinician's impression. PMID- 802489 TI - Bacterial nitrate reduction test. Suggestions for use of alternate (non carcinogenic) reagents. PMID- 802488 TI - Detection of Candida vaginitis by a dipstick method. AB - A media impregnated polystyrene strip was tested for its ability to detect Candida in vaginal secretions. Of 230 patients with vaginitis, 20 were positive for Candida when the gram stain, routine culture, and Microstix-Candida (M-C) were used. Routine culture alone detected 17 cases, while the M-C alone detected 14 cases. Although this test system should not be used as a primary laboratory diagnostic tool, its use as an office or clinic screening test for vaginal candidiasis is recommended. PMID- 802490 TI - The unilateral functional partial. The semi-precision or milled-in partial. PMID- 802491 TI - The unilateral functional partial. II. The C & L functional attachment. PMID- 802492 TI - The unilateral functional partial. III. The many advantages of the C & L functional attachment. PMID- 802493 TI - The unilateral functional partial IV. Procedure technique for the C & L functional attachment. PMID- 802494 TI - Dental treatment in 1876. PMID- 802495 TI - Endothelium: newly discovered functions and methods of study. PMID- 802497 TI - Hospital dentistry and medicaid: comments of a state dental director. PMID- 802498 TI - [Methods of preprosthetic surgery found to be useful in everyday practice. Report on 12 years experience]. PMID- 802499 TI - [Construction of artificial occlusal surfaces]. PMID- 802500 TI - [Gas loss in bonded alloys as a cause of failure in metal ceramic]. PMID- 802501 TI - [Jaw relation in free-end prosthesis]. PMID- 802502 TI - [Focal allergy and sensitization threshold of the body]. PMID- 802503 TI - [Periodontal disease with constitutional connective tissue weakness]. PMID- 802504 TI - [Functional action of the fissure sealants]. PMID- 802505 TI - [Relationship of the masseter muscle and the basal plate of the complete lower denture]. PMID- 802506 TI - [Vital pulp amputation]. PMID- 802508 TI - [Functional placement of crowns and small bridges]. PMID- 802507 TI - [Restoration with composite materials in relation to acid etch technic]. PMID- 802509 TI - Primary structure of tRNA-Lys of E. coli B. AB - The primary structure of tRNALys of E. coli was determined by use of [32P]-tRNA. The sequence is pGGGUCGUUAGCUCAGDDGGDAGAGCAGUUGACUmam5-s2-UUU t6AApsiCAAUUGm7GXCGCAGGTpsiCGAAUCCUGCACGACCCACCA. No s4-U was detected in position 8. No other lysine tRNA was detected but the existence of another species has not been ruled out. PMID- 802510 TI - Peptidyl transferase centre of bacterial ribosomes: substrate specificity and binding sites. AB - A detailed scheme of the Peptidyl Transferase Centre of bacterial ribosomes is proposed by summarizing the literature data on the substrate specificity of the acceptor and donor sites. According to the proposed scheme only the elements of the donor and acceptor having a stable structure bind with the ribosome. The present paper proposes such main elements for the donor and acceptor. PMID- 802511 TI - Purification of peptidyl-tRNA on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose columns. AB - The o-nitrophenylsulfenyl group, and amino protecting group in the chemical synthesis of peptidyl-tRNA was used to attach newly synthesized peptidyl-tRNA to a benzoylated DEAE-cellulose column. This facilitated the isolation of a highly purified specific tRNA with a well defined peptide chain. PMID- 802512 TI - Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA: atomic coordinates and torsion angles. AB - The atomic coordinates of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNA) as well as the torsion angles of the polynucleotide chain are presented as derived from an x-ray diffraction analysis of orthorhombic crystals. A comparison is made between the coordinates obtained from analysis of monoclinic crystals of the same material. It is concluded that the molecule has substantially the same form in the orthorhombic and the monoclinic lattices, except for differences found between residues at the 3' end of the polynucleotides chain. A number of observations are made concerning hydrogen bonding interactions which may account for many of the residues conserved in all tRNA sequences. PMID- 802514 TI - [3-year report on pterygoid-extension-implants for totally and partially edentulous upper jaws]. PMID- 802515 TI - [Plate implants for stabilizing anterior periodontal insufficiency in the lower jaw]. PMID- 802513 TI - Insertion of a rabbit beta-globin gene sequence into an E. coli plasmid. AB - Double stranded DNA has been synthesized in vitro from rabbit globin messenger RNA and elongated with homopolymeric dG tails. An E. coli plasmid was cleaved by EcoRI. The cohesive ends were repaired and dC tails added, to permit reconstitution of the EcoRI sites upon annealing with the dG elongated globin DNA. Transformation of E. coli with the globin-plasmid DNA hybrid has yielded a clone which harbours a recombinant plasmid (pCR1-betaG1), as demonstrated by hybridization experiments with radioactive globin cDNA. The sequence carried by the recombinant plasmid corresponds to part of the gene sequence coding for the beta chain of rabbit globin. Circular DNA of the purified recombinant plasmid exhibits sensitivity to EcoRI. PMID- 802516 TI - [Further development of the implant pterygoid-extension for the totally and partially edentulous upper jaw]. PMID- 802517 TI - [Total subperiosteal implantation for the edentulous upper jaw--development, operative technic, prosthetic, thoughts on construction and clinical interpretations]. PMID- 802518 TI - [On form development of endosseous dental implants]. PMID- 802519 TI - [Impacted incisor by Neanderthal man]. PMID- 802520 TI - [Construction of model casting denture (I)]. PMID- 802521 TI - [Work practice in dental prosthetics (II)]. PMID- 802522 TI - [Patient information as a basis for prosthetic treatment (I)]. PMID- 802523 TI - [Work practice in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 802524 TI - [Development of dental prosthetics]. PMID- 802525 TI - [Patient information and prosthetic hygiene (I)]. PMID- 802526 TI - [Technical production of a pivot- or swing-lock (III)]. PMID- 802527 TI - [Temporary and permanent anterior bridges]. PMID- 802528 TI - [Maxillary and mandibular rehabilitation]. PMID- 802529 TI - [Rotating instruments for dental technic (I)]. PMID- 802530 TI - [Wax-up technic, modified for the condyloform technic, by Prof. A. Gerber, Zurich (III)]. PMID- 802532 TI - [Maxillary and mandibular rehabilitation]. PMID- 802531 TI - [A new cast clasp]. PMID- 802533 TI - [Experience with cold casting in sling and pressure procedures]. PMID- 802534 TI - [Polymerization shrinkage of prosthesis materials]. PMID- 802535 TI - [Insertion of friction posts into a RRS-attachment]. PMID- 802536 TI - [Sectioning of major baked ceramic bridges by built-in precision attachments]. PMID- 802538 TI - [Manufacture of a finishing spoon for mounting of retention devices in the model socket]. PMID- 802537 TI - [Casting tests with steel forms]. PMID- 802539 TI - [The total prosthesis--proof of team work]. PMID- 802540 TI - [A rational set-up method]. PMID- 802541 TI - [Limits of use of precision cast clasps]. PMID- 802542 TI - [Factors affecting the precision fittings of castings]. PMID- 802543 TI - [Development of orthodontic and jaw orthopedic appliances (II)]. PMID- 802544 TI - [Horizontal shifting of clasps]. PMID- 802545 TI - [Hyrax system of Dr. William Biederman]. PMID- 802546 TI - [Autotransplantation of the kidney as a method of surgical treatment of renal hypertension]. PMID- 802547 TI - [Nephrology as a part of internal medicine at the medical school in Zagreb from 1950 to the present]. PMID- 802548 TI - [60 years of the medical school at the Zagreb University]. PMID- 802549 TI - [Stabilization of lower complete dentures by symphyseal anchorage]. PMID- 802550 TI - [Crown fractures in children (relationship with anterior occlusion)]. PMID- 802551 TI - [Radiographic clinical investigation in 150 endosseous endodontic implants]. PMID- 802552 TI - [Periodontal disease risks in children with congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 802553 TI - [Cicatricial granulation tissue in sialoadenectomized rats following homologous skin transplantation. Histological study]. PMID- 802554 TI - [Modern cavity preparation for amalgam restorations]. PMID- 802555 TI - [Development and present state of Brazilian stomatology]. PMID- 802556 TI - [Ten commandments for impressions]. PMID- 802557 TI - [Biodynamics of endosseous implants. Science of construction]. PMID- 802558 TI - [Swedish rotating toothbrush from 1885]. PMID- 802560 TI - International society on toxinology new members. PMID- 802559 TI - The gold foil: an historical note. The days when the foil met the amalgam. PMID- 802561 TI - [Epidemiological analysis and prognosis of Brill's disease]. PMID- 802562 TI - [Change in epidemic typhus over the course of the past century (based on data from Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad)]. PMID- 802563 TI - [1st experience with human inoculations with an inactivated influenza vaccine]. PMID- 802564 TI - [Further study of the reactogenic properties and safety of a killed influenza A/Scotland/74 vaccine]. PMID- 802565 TI - [Acute respiratory infection morbidity after the use of killed influenza A/Victoria/72 vaccine]. PMID- 802566 TI - [Organization of the administration of killed influenza vaccine inoculations using the jet injector]. PMID- 802567 TI - [Evaluation data from experimental series on a killed influenza vaccine purified and concentrated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. II. The results of a study of the reactogenic properties of the vaccine]. PMID- 802568 TI - [Reactogenic properties and the immunological activity of an absorbed influenza chemical vaccine]. PMID- 802569 TI - [Study of the antigenic activity of an adsorbed influenza chemical (AIC) vaccine by an antibody sorption method]. PMID- 802570 TI - [Reflection of the problem of specific influenza prophylaxis in primary and secondary information sources]. PMID- 802572 TI - [Development of occlusal changes with total prothesis]. PMID- 802571 TI - [Occupational aspect of influenza prevention]. PMID- 802573 TI - [The problem of prosthetic treatment in a case of periodontal disease]. PMID- 802574 TI - [Technic of indirect inlays with special emphasis on vacuum imbedding]. PMID- 802575 TI - [20 years of dental technology school Schwerin]. PMID- 802576 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of the defective dentition and their effect on planning of partial dentures. 3]. PMID- 802577 TI - [Total prosthesis. 1. Form and function concepts in nature and technic]. PMID- 802579 TI - [Proofs and expansion behavior of new plaster containing investments]. PMID- 802578 TI - [Development of theoretical and practical concepts of creating a manual assembly chain in prosthetics]. PMID- 802580 TI - [Total prosthesis. The role of biotechnic in stomatological prosthesis]. PMID- 802581 TI - [Special prosthesis--examples and work phases]. PMID- 802582 TI - [Total prosthesis. 3. Examples of morphology of human teeth and constructive building of natural and artificial teeth]. PMID- 802583 TI - [Construction of partial prosthesis on duplicated models]. PMID- 802585 TI - [Technic of indirect inlays with special consideration of vacuum-embedding]. PMID- 802586 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction examples and work phases]. PMID- 802584 TI - [Problems of prosthetic treatment in cases of periodontal diseases. 2]. PMID- 802587 TI - [Materials for model cast prosthesis]. PMID- 802588 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction examples and work phases]. PMID- 802589 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction samples and working phases]. PMID- 802591 TI - [Use of removable containers in precious metal casting]. PMID- 802590 TI - [The complex planning of fixed prosthesis]. PMID- 802592 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction and work phases]. PMID- 802594 TI - [Use of the ATR splint for the periodontally deficient dentition]. PMID- 802593 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of the defective dentition and its effect on the planning of a partial prosthesis. I. Physiology]. PMID- 802595 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction examples and work phases]. PMID- 802596 TI - [Optimal planning for improvement of qualitative and quantitative prosthetic care of the population]. PMID- 802597 TI - [Physiology and pathology of the defective dentition and their influence on the planning of partial dentures. 2]. PMID- 802598 TI - [Kallocryl-C, a quick setting repair material for stomatology]. PMID- 802599 TI - [Optimal planning for improvement of qualitative and quantitative prosthetic therapy of the population]. PMID- 802600 TI - [Special prosthesis--construction and work phases]. PMID- 802601 TI - [Technology of total prosthesis]. PMID- 802602 TI - [20 years of the dental technology school at Halle (Saale)--20 years of successful training of dental technician cadres in the Democratic Republic]. PMID- 802603 TI - [Technology of total prosthesis]. PMID- 802604 TI - [Gel forms of plastic for plaster casting and model duplication]. PMID- 802605 TI - [Special prosthesis: construction examples and work phases]. PMID- 802606 TI - [Total prostheses. Placement of teeth in total prostheses (2)]. PMID- 802607 TI - [Construction of feather clamps for the Steggel prosthesis according to Dolder]. PMID- 802608 TI - [Sealing of crowns and bridge prosthesis]. PMID- 802609 TI - [Proportion apparatus for 3 types of plaster or casting materials]. PMID- 802611 TI - [Construction, function and use of parallelometers]. PMID- 802610 TI - [Total prosthesis. 13. Modelling of removable prosthesis]. PMID- 802613 TI - [Measurement of models for construction of partial prosthesis]. PMID- 802612 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic experiences with Frakel's functional orthodontic method]. PMID- 802614 TI - [The total prosthesis. 5. Practical examples for model analysis]. PMID- 802616 TI - [Total prosthesis. 6. The prosthetic field of the toothless jaw]. PMID- 802615 TI - [Documentation of literature on dental technology]. PMID- 802617 TI - [Total prosthesis. 7. Bite-planes and their rational use]. PMID- 802618 TI - [Modification of construction of incisal the frontal section of the prosthesis with protected edges]. PMID- 802619 TI - [Total prosthesis]. PMID- 802620 TI - [Parallel instruments for special technology in stomatologic technic]. PMID- 802622 TI - [Total prosthesis]. PMID- 802621 TI - [Total prosthesis. 10. Placement of teeth in total prosthesis]. PMID- 802623 TI - [Carlos Eugenio Cardini]. PMID- 802624 TI - [Studies on the initiation of glycogen metabolism in Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. AB - Glycogen biosynthesis was studied in Escherichia coli. An enzyme complex composed of UDP-glucose; protein glucosyltransferase, ADP-glucose: protein glucosyltransferase and ADP-glucose: alpha-1,4 glucan alpha-4-glucosyltransferase was found. Further results revealed that while glycogen concentration remained unchanged, the specific activity of the glucosyltransferase complex increased during the growth phase of the culture. The detergents Lubrol and Brij provoked a decrease of 80% and 20% in the glucose transfer to protein from ADP-glucose and UDP-glucose, respectively. These detergents did not inhibit the glucose incorporation into glycogen by ADP-glucose: alpha-1,4-glucosyltransferase. We postulated that the biosynthesis of glycogen in Escherichia coli could be initiated by two different enzymes which catalyze the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose or ADP-glucose to an acceptor protien. In a second step, the glucan protein formed is used as primer by the ADP-glucose: alpha-1,4 glucan alpha-1 glucosyltransferase for glycogen formation. PMID- 802625 TI - Purification of polyribosomes, 70S, monomers or ribosomal subunits by gel filtration. AB - Chromatography through Bio-Gel columns is a simple and rapid method for the purification of different ribosomal particles. This mild procedure, easily adapted to many purposes with good yields, can substitute the conventional sucrose gradient centrifugations, especially when the integrity of labile particles or complexes must be preserved. PMID- 802626 TI - Chitin synthesis in Triatoma infestans and other insects. AB - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of chitin in Triatoma infestans was studied. For in vivo experiments, [14C] sugars were injected through the abdominal wall. Maximal incorporation of radioactivity into the cuticle was attained immediately after the ecdysis. The identification of in vivo synthesized chitin was performed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the alkali-insoluble material from the cuticle with Helix chitinase. The main water-soluble compound obtained was N acetylglucosamine as demonstrated by chromatographic procedures. In vitro synthesis of chitin was carried out with enzymatic crude extracts from Triatoma infestans, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was used as "source" of glycosyl moieties. Higher amounts of [14C] N-acetylglucosamine incorporation to chitin than those previously reported by others, were obtained. The identity of the product was confirmed in a similar way as that from in vivo synthesis. Radioactivity was also found in a liposoluble fraction concomitantly with chitin synthesis. This compound had an anionic behavior, was acid labile and had similar chromatographic properties as dolichol pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosamine obtained with pig liver extracts. Knowledge about dolichol phosphate sugars mediated glycoprotein synthesis in eukaryotes, suggests the involvement of this type of N acetylglucosaminyl-phospholipid in macromolecule "building" even in insects. PMID- 802627 TI - The pyruvate kinase of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 802628 TI - Synthesis of steryl glucoside in Bakers yeast. PMID- 802629 TI - A modern method of the spectral analysis of the electromyogram in the spinal progressive muscular atrophy. PMID- 802630 TI - Antihypertensive drugs in combination: Effects of methyldopa on thiazide-induced changes in renal hemodynamics and plasma renin activity. AB - The rise in plasma renin activity (PRA) that accompanies thiazide diuretic therapy of hypertension may interfere with therapeutic effectiveness and contribute to hypokalemia. In an attempt to provide a basis for the previously empiric use of antihypertensive drugs, 20 hypertensive subjects were given a diuretic alone for three weeks and a diuretic plus methylodopa, which lowers PRA, for three weeks. The thiazide-induced rise in PRA was blunted by the methyldopa, while bl-od pressure fell even more and renal function was well maintained. The combination of a renin-lowering drug and a diuretic is rational and effective therapy for hypertension. PMID- 802631 TI - Address on the occasion of the presentation of the Merck Sharp and Dohme International Award to Dr Kozo Okamoto and the Franz Volhard Award to Dr James O. Davis. PMID- 802632 TI - Prazosin: preliminary clinical and pharmacological observations. AB - 1. Prazosin had a considerable anti-hypertensive effect in both lying and standing posture in a mixed group of twenty-four patients in an open clinical trial. The drug was well tolerated and side-effects were few. 2. Tested on rat blood vessels, prazosin was ten times more potent on a molar basis than phentolamine in blocking the vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline. In the absence of vasoconstrictor nervous activity, no vasodilatation was observed. 3. In genetically hypertensive rats, prazosin in large doses caused a substantial fall in blood pressure, total exchangeable sodium and extracellular fluid volume. Tolerance to these effects started to develop within 20 days. In normotensive rats, blood pressure was lowered but total exchangeable sodium and extracellular fluid volume were not affected. PMID- 802633 TI - Prazosin in the treatment of hypertension. AB - 1. Prazosin decreases blood pressure in normotensive, renal hypertensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats. The effect is greatest in the last-named. 2. In spontaneously hypertensive rats the decrease in pressure is associated with a decrease in heart rate. 3. In hypertensive patients prazosin decreases blood pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance with minor effects on cardiac output. 4. Prazosin is effective in the long-term therapy of hypertensive patients, alone and in combination with a diuretic. The effect on blood pressure is the same in the supine and standing position. PMID- 802634 TI - Technique for rapid control of hypertension with oral minoxidil. AB - 1. Twelve patients with essential hypertension were treated aggressively with minoxidil in order to achieve blood pressure control as rapidly as possible. 2. After an initial dose of 5 mg, dose increments were administered 6 hourly until a fall in blood pressure was observed. 3. The size of additional doses was determined by the magnitude of and response to the lowest effective dose and the therapeutic objective. 4. Over a time-interval of 24-42 h blood pressure was reduced to normal or near normal in each case. 5. Analysis of the relationship between blood pressure response and cumulative dose indicates that at sub-optimum blood pressure responses it is safe and efficacious to give half the antecedent cumulative dose as a single dose in arriving at the therapeutic objective. PMID- 802635 TI - The use of minoxidil, an experimental arteriolar dilator, in 510 patients with refractory hypertension. PMID- 802636 TI - Central sympathetic transmitters and hypertension. PMID- 802637 TI - Central neurohormonal mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with human essential hypertension. AB - Consideration of the results obtained in studies of spontaneously hypertensive rats indicates that these animals can serve as useful models for perhaps the most common type of essential hypertension of man. Other variants of essential hypertension probably occur where the relative balance between the genetic elements predisposing to high blood pressure may be somewhat different. PMID- 802639 TI - Plasma noradrenaline concentration and blood pressure in essential hypertension, phaeochromocytoma and depression. AB - 1. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentration was elevated in forty-four patients with established essential hypertension. Eighteen of the hypertensive patients had resting plasma noradrenaline concentrations in the normal range. 2. Patients with endogenous depression had higher mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations but significantly lower blood pressure than patients with essential hypertension. 3. Patients with phaeochromocytoma had plasma noradrenaline concentrations twenty eight times greater than those found in essential hypertension, but blood pressures were less than 20% higher. 4. It is concluded that excess of sympathetic drive only partly explains the level of the blood pressure in essential hypertension. PMID- 802638 TI - Neural control of renin release. AB - 1. Factors involved in the neural control of renin release have been reviewed. 2. Experimental evidence has been obtained that sympathetic stimulation releases renin from the kidney independently of local vasomotor changes. 3. The reflex control of renin release on postural change has been established. 4. The effect of diuretics on renin release has been studied and evidence of neural and non neural mechanisms obtained. 5. The effect of suprarenal aortic stenosis has been studied; the findings suggest that renin release is in some way dependent on neural mechanisms. 6. The pathological significance of the neural control of renin release has been discussed. PMID- 802640 TI - Role of the autonomic nervous system in mild human hypertension. AB - 1. Some of the haemodynamic abnormalities in mild (borderline) human hypertension appear to be neurogenic, since they can be completely abolished by pharmacological autonomic blockade. 2. The cardiac output is elevated in 30% of patients through increased sympathetic drive and decreased parasympathetic inhibition. 3. In the remainder, the higher blood pressure is maintained by increased total peripheral vascular resistance. 4. In approximately 30% of this latter group, the higher vascular resistance is maintained solely by increased alpha-adrenergic tone. 5. Elevated plasma renin activities in a proportion of cases are probably due to generalized increase in sympathetic nervous activity. 6. Patients with mild hypertension thus show increased sympathetic drive to the heart and arterioles as well as decreased cardiac parasympathetic inhibition. It is presumed that the increased plasma renin is also neurogenic. 7. Such a widespread distribution of altered autonomic tone suggests aberration of the function of the integrative centres of cardiovascular control. 8. Evidence is presented of a possible psychosomatic origin of these changes in some cases. PMID- 802641 TI - Postural changes of plasma renin activity after renal transplantation. AB - 1. Postural changes of plasma renin activity (PRA) before and after the administration of a beta-blocking agent (oxprenolol) were studied in nine patients with renal homotransplantation and in ten normal subjects. 2. In normal subjects PRA always increased during upright posture without any correlation with postural changes in mean arterial pressure. Oxprenolol reduced the postural increase of PRA. 3. A postural increase of PRA could be detected as early as 20- 25 days after renal transplantation, and appeared with increasing frequency as time elapsed. 4. There was a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.794, P less than 0.001) between the postural changes of PRA and those of mean arterial pressure. 5. These results suggest that in patients with renal homotransplantation the postural increase of PRA can only partly be due to circulating catecholamines or the sympathetic nervous system and may be explained by inverse changes in the mean arterial pressure. PMID- 802642 TI - Electrical and dynamic responses of the human hyperkinetic heart to sympathetic stimuli. AB - 1. The elevated beta-receptor responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli makes subjects with the primary hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome ideal for studying the electrical and dynamic responses of the heart to sympathetic activation. 2. In twelve men presenting with the syndrome, the effects of mental arithmetic and painful (cold) stress on the cardiac inotropic state were tested and correlated with the concomitant electrocardiographic changes. 3. Arithmetic and cold evoked responses opposite and divergent from the base-line state: the former induced vasodilatation, enhancement of cardiac rate, output, contractility and deep T wave inversion; the latter caused vasoconstriction, cardiac depression and full restoration of repolarization. 4. The sympathetic outflow elicited by stress is not generalized, but selectively directed to different circulatory levels in relation to the stimulus at work; cardiac sympathetic stimulation or inhibition has opposite effects on the repolarization phase. PMID- 802643 TI - The second Volhard Lecture: The use of blocking agents to define the functions of the renin--angiotensin system. PMID- 802644 TI - A comparison of propranolol and compound RO3-4787 in the treatment of arterial hypertension in man. AB - 1. The effects of propranolol and RO3-4787, a new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with a partial agonist activity, have been studied in a blind, cross-over comparison with placebo. 2. In ten patients who completed the study, the two drugs produced a similar reduction in blood pressure; the reduction in heart rate with propranolol was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than that produced by RO3-4787. 3. Plasma renin activity averaged 4.13 +/- 1.37 ng h-1 ml-1 on placebo, fell to 3.64 +/- 1.47 ng h-1 ml-1 on propranolol and to 2.50 +/- 1.39 ng h-1 ml-1 on RO3-4787. 4. No correlation was demonstrable between the log plasma concentration of either propranolol or RO3-4787 and change in blood pressure. PMID- 802645 TI - Long-term propranolol treatment of resistant arterial hypertension in haemodialysed patients. AB - 1. Propranolol was given to eight haemodialysed patients with resistant arterial hypertension for periods ranging from 6 to 16 months. 2. The treatment brought about an excellent control of blood pressure in all cases. 3. After withdrawal of propranolol plasma renin activity rose on average 40% compared with the value obtained during treatment. However, no significant relationship was found between the change in plasma renin activity and the change in the diastolic blood pressure. 4. Stopping propranolol resulted in a prompt rebound of arterial pressure toward pretreatment values. However, hypertension was always controlled on resuming drug treatment. 5. The results show that this form of hypertension can be controlled on a long-term basis with propranolol. However, the effect on blood pressure seems not to be mediated by suppression of renin secretion. PMID- 802646 TI - Blood pressure decrease and responsiveness to renin-releasing stimuli under increasing doses of propranolol in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 802647 TI - Changes in plasma renin activity and blood pressure after acute and chronic administration of beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking drugs. AB - 1. Prindolol and propranolol chronically cause a fall in mean blood pressure and mean plasma renin activity, but no correlation was observed between the two variables. 2. The response of blood pressure to prindolol and propranolol was not predicted by the basal plasma renin activity. 3. Propranolol administered acutely caused the plasma renin activity to fall with no acute change in blood pressure, whereas prindolol caused the blood pressure to fall with no change in plasma renin activity. 4. The effects of beta-adrenergic-blocking drugs on plasma renin activity and blood pressure can be dissociated and it is unlikely that their hypotensive action is mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. 5. Basal plasma renin activity does not identify the patients who will respond to beta adrenergic-blocking drugs. PMID- 802648 TI - Effect of oxprenolol on catecholamines and plasma renin activity: acute response to frusemide in hypertensive patients. AB - 1. Catecholamine plasma concentrations and urinary excretion were measured together with plasma renin activity in ten patients with essential hypertension and in five normal control subjects before and after a frusemide challenge. 2. The same procedure was repeated in the same subjects 3--4 days later after pretreatment with oxprenolol. 3. Noradrenaline plasma concentrations and urinary excretion increased significantly after frusemide in all cases, returning to normal values at 30 and 60 min. Adrenaline plasma concentrations and urinary excretion were unchanged. 4. Plasma renin activity increased significantly in seven patients with hypertension and normal renin basal values, remaining unchanged in three hypertensive patients with low-renin basal values. 5. Oxprenolol suppressed the response of noradrenaline and plasma renin activity to frusemide in all cases. PMID- 802649 TI - Anti-hypertensive adrenergic-blocking agents: effects on sodium balance, the renin-angiotensin system and haemodynamics. AB - 1. The changes in plasma volume, haemodynamic variables, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were studied in forty-one hypertensive patients after administration of adrenergic-blocking agents. Four drugs were used: alpha methyldopa (fourteen patients), guanethidine (ten patients), clonidine (nine patients) and reserpine (eight patients). Drugs were administered orally during 7 days' hospitalization on a normal sodium diet (110 mmol/day). 2. The four drugs had similar effects: a significant decrease in blood pressure, a significant increase in plasma volume and no change in stroke volume. 3. With alpha methyldopa and guanethidine, heart rate, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were unchanged. 4. With reserpine and clonidine, heart rate and plasma renin activity were significantly decreased, whereas plasma aldosterone did not change significantly. 5. This study suggests that the decrease in plasma renin activity was related to the lowering of the heart rate rather than to sodium retention and that adrenergic-blocking agents can impair the normal relationship between stroke index and plasma volume, between plasma volume and plasma renin activity, and between plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone. PMID- 802650 TI - Some haemodynamic effects of compound AH 5158 compared with propranolol, propranolol plus hydrallazine, and diazoxide: the use of AH 5158 in the treatment of hypertension. AB - 1. Intravenous administration of compound AH 5158, which possesses alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking properties, produces haemodynamic effects similar to those seen from the combined effects of propranolol and hydrallazine. 2. Chronic oral administration has demonstrated that compound AH 5158 is an effective hypotensive agent capable of controlling the blood pressure in patients previously requiring large doses of drugs such as methyldopa. Some postural and exercise hypotension may be seen with larger doses. PMID- 802651 TI - Role of sex steroids on LH and FSH secretion in the rat. PMID- 802652 TI - Role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the control of adenohypophyseal hormone secretion. PMID- 802653 TI - The role of estradiol in modulating LH and FSH response to gonadotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 802654 TI - Control of prolactin secretion in man. PMID- 802655 TI - Relation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system to decline of reproductive functions in aging female rats. PMID- 802656 TI - Suppression of gonadotropin release and ovulation in animals by inhibitory analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. PMID- 802657 TI - In vivo methods for studying the action of hypothalamic hormones with special reference to their antisera as tools for investigation. PMID- 802658 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of hypothalamic hormones (especially LRF) at the light microscopy level. PMID- 802659 TI - Studies on the diagnostic use of LH-RH. PMID- 802660 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic use of LH-RH in the infertile man. PMID- 802661 TI - Therapeutic use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the human female. PMID- 802662 TI - Tumours of the respiratory tract. PMID- 802663 TI - Tumours of the urinary bladder. PMID- 802665 TI - Tumours of the ovary. PMID- 802664 TI - Tumours of the vagina, uterus, placenta and oviduct. PMID- 802666 TI - Tumours of the adrenal gland. PMID- 802667 TI - Tumours of the central and peripheral nervous systems. PMID- 802668 TI - [Determination of creatine phosphokinase-MB in the serum of patients with myocardial infarction by an immunological method (author's transl)]. AB - The immunological method of determining creatine phosphokinase-MB in the serum of patients with myocardial infarction described here is based on the differential measurements of CK-activities before and after a specific immuno-precipitation of the CK-MB type. The minimum activity of the CK-MB-type which it is possible to determine with this method is 4% of the total activity. In patients with clinically confirmed myocardial infarctions 1-15% (mean 7.8%) of the total activity can be calculated as CK-activity of the MB-type on the first/second day(s) after the infarction. In patients with increased total CK-activity and without verified infarction the CK-MB content does not differ significantly from zero. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant. In patients with myocardial reinfarction the CK-MB-activity is higher than that after the first infarction. The immunological method to determine creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme MB is of differential-diagnostic value in myocardial infarction. PMID- 802669 TI - [A simplified macrophage migration inhibition test to measure T-cell derived immunity in man]. AB - A macrophage migration inhibition test using heterologous cells (DMMTH) is performed in an agarose-droplet technique. A suspension consisting of peritoneal exsudate cells from Guinea pig and human lymphocytes, mixed with 0,2 percent agarose is dispensed in droplets with a dispenser into culture chambers used for the leukocyte migration inhibition test. Macrophages migrate out of the gelified droplets. Migration areas can be measured by planimetry. Migration areas are exact to 8.6 percent. A significant migration inhibition, caused by migration inhibitory factors is observed after the reaction of the specific antigen with sensitized lymphocytes in the agarose droplet. The sensitivity of the test has been demonstrated in Mantoux positive persons. PMID- 802671 TI - [Advances in neuroendocrinology]. AB - As a result of a great deal of experimental and clinical research during the past 20 years, it is now clear that the final common pathway between central nervous system and anterior pituitary function is bridged by a new family of neurohormones, the so called hypothalamic hormones. These products released into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system act directly on the adenohypophysis to increase or decrease the release of each of the known pituitary tropic hormones. The molecular structures of several of these hypothalamic hormones have been established and their synthesis achieved. Recent physiological studies have shown that they constitute an ideal tool with important clinical and veterinary applications. PMID- 802670 TI - An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. AB - Microsomes prepared from rabbit or pig aortas transformed endoperoxides (PGG2 or PGH2) to an unstable substance (PGX) that inhibited human platelet aggregation. PGX was 30 times more potent in this respect than prostaglandin E1. PGX contracted some gastrointestinal smooth muscle and relaxed certain isolated blood vessels. Prostaglandin endoperoxides cause platelet aggregation possibly through the generation by platelets of thromboxane A2. Generation of PGX by vessel walls could be the biochemical mechanism underlying their unique ability to resist platelet adhesion. A balance between formation of anti- and pro-aggregatory substances by enzymes could also contribute to the maintenance of the integrity of vascular endothelium and explain the mechanism of formation of intra-arterial thrombi in certain physiopathological conditions. PMID- 802672 TI - [Childhood psychoses. History. Incidence and epidemiology. Definition and general concepts]. PMID- 802673 TI - [Childhood psychoses. Bibliography]. PMID- 802674 TI - [Biographic sketch of Agustin Palacios on the 25th anniversary of his entering the profession]. PMID- 802675 TI - [Cerebro-cardiac syndromes: the problem of the possible pathogenic effects of cerebral lesions on cardiac activity]. PMID- 802676 TI - Evaluation of 8 physiological characteristics of clinically isolated Staphylococci and Micrococci. AB - 307 cultures of staphylococci and micrococci were isolated from clinical sources and were subjected to 8 different physiological tests for the recognition of pathogentic strains. These tests were as follows; catalase, oxidase, fermentation and oxidation of glucose and mannitol, v.p. and coagulase activity, heat resistance endonuclease, and lipase production. From the results obtained it can be concluded that for the recognition of pathogenicity of staphylococci, coagulase, heat resistance endonuclease and fermentation of mannitol should be carried out. PMID- 802677 TI - [Dermatology and cancer]. PMID- 802678 TI - Nigel Ashworth Barnicot (1914-1975). PMID- 802679 TI - [Homage to the memory of Roger Rialland]. PMID- 802680 TI - The organization and replication of genetic material in yeast. PMID- 802681 TI - Yeast super-suppressors are altered tRNAs capable of translating a nonsense codon in vitro. AB - tRNA isolated from two different yeast super-suppressor strains translates a known nonsense mutation in vitro, whereas tRNA from a closely related nonsuppressing strain does not. Suppression was assayed by translation of RNA isolated from an amber coat mutant of bacteriophage Qbeta (GB11) in a protein synthesizing system derived from mouse tissue culture cells (L cells). Suppressed forms of Qbeta coat protein synthesized in vitro were quantitatively detected by a specific immunoprecipitation assay. The L-cell protein-synthesizing system also responds to E. coli suppressor tRNA. This indicates that the biochemical mechanism for nonsense suppression is very similar in yeast and E. coli. These findings also provide additional evidence that the amber codon (UAG) functions as one of the mammalian chain-terminating codons. Since the suppression assay utilizes protein-synthesizing components isolated from mammalian cells, it should prove useful in the search for mammalian nonsense suppressors. PMID- 802682 TI - Alpha-actinin: immunofluorescent localization of a muscle structural protein in nonmuscle cells. AB - Antibodies specific for the skeletal muscle structural protein alpha-actinin are used to localize this protein by indirect immunofluorescence in nonmuscle cells. In cultured nonmuscle cells, alpha-actinin is localized along or between actin filament bundles producing an almost regular periodicity. The protein is also detected in the form of fluorescent plaques at some ends of actin filament bundles, as well as in a filamentous form in some overlap areas of cells. In spreading rat embryo cells, alpha-actinin assumes a focal distribution which corresponds to the vertices of a highly regular actin filament network. The results suggest that alpha-actinin may be involved in the organization of actin filament bundles, in the attachment of actin filaments to the plasma membrane, and in the assembly of actin filaments in areas of cell to cell contact. PMID- 802683 TI - Further investigations of intestinal hormonal polypeptides. AB - Attempts are described to identify additional polypeptides of hormonal nature in a concentrate of intestinal polypeptides shown previously to contain secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), enteroglucagon and chymodenin. The probable amino acid sequence of a variant form of CCK is disclosed. The possibility of using characteristic fragments of polypeptides for the quantitation of the polypeptides themselves in crude preparations is briefly discussed. PMID- 802684 TI - Inhibitory activity of analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in vitro and in vivo. AB - Improved inhibitors of LH-RH are those which, beside removal of the histidine residue at position 2 of LH-RH, include replacement of glycine at position 6 by a D-amino acid. A still better modification is replacement of the histidine residue at position 2 by D-phenylalanine. As examples, when tested in pituitary cells in culture, [Des-His2]LH-RH, [Des-His2, D-Leu6]LH-RH, [Des-His2, D-Phe6]-LH-RH, [D Phe2]LH-RH, [D-Phe2, D-Leu6]LH-RH and [D-Phe2, D-Phe6]LH-RH inhibit 50% of LH release induced by LH-RH at molar ratios (MR50S) of 3000, 500, 60, 1000, 150 and 25, respectively. [D-Phe2, D-Phe6, D-Phe7]LH-RH, [D-Phe2, Phe3, D-Phe6]LH-RH and [D-Phe2, Phe5, D-Phe6]LH-RH have MR50 values of respectively 400, 100, and 75. When evaluated in vivo, some of the mentioned structural modifications permit inhibition of LH-RH action at molar ratios lower than observed in vitro. At a 500 molar ratio, [D-Phe2, Phe5, D-Phe6]-LH-RH inhibits the plasma LH rise induced by LH-RH by 75% up to 5 h after its injection. When administered at 12.00 hours at the dose of 2 mg, this analogue inhibits the spontaneous pro-oestrus LH surge and ovulation by 85 and 75%, respectively. PMID- 802685 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of alpha-azapeptides: alpha-aza-analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - The term "alpha-azapeptides" is applied to analogues derived by change of one or more of the alpha-CHs of amino-acid residues in peptides by N; in such analogues the overall polarity of the molecule and the spacing of side-chain residues is preserved, but stability towards peptidases may be increased because of the changed conformational situation at the residue or residues involved in the change. Three alpha-aza-analogues of LHRH, i.e. azaglycine6-, azalanine6-, and azaglycine10-LHRH, and two alpha-aza-analogues, of des-His-LHRH, i.e. azaglycine6 and azalanine3-des-His-LHRH, were prepared. The three alpha-aza-analogues of LHRH were as active as LHRH in inducing ovulation in androgen-sterilized, constant-oestrus rats, but less potent than LHRH in causing LH release in immature male rats. Evidence of increased duration of action was not obtained. The two aza-analogues of des-His-LHRH were neither agonists nor antagonists in these two test systems. PMID- 802686 TI - Chemistry and physiology of parathyroid hormone. AB - Many recent studies, only a few of which are reviewed here (see Habener & Potts, 1976, for a detailed summary) have led to considerable clarification concerning critical features of the chemistry, biosynthesis, secretion and mode of action of parathyroid hormone. Certain of the confusion recently experienced in measurements of parathyroid hormone in blood is clearly explained by the heterogeneity arising from various forms of parathyroid hormone arising during biosynthesis and metabolism. Ultimately, as critical features of biosynthesis and metabolism of PTH as well as chemical definition of various molecular forms are achieved, considerable refinement in immunoassays should result. These advances in turn should provide better insights into the role of parathyroid dysfunction in various disorders of calcium and skeletal metabolism. From the physiological viewpoint, a clearer appreciation of the homeostatic role of parathyroid hormone in calcium metabolism is emerging as the essential features of biosynthesis, release, metabolism and action of the hormone are uncovered. PMID- 802687 TI - [Clinical essay on a new anti-inflammatory. Tiaprofenic acid in dentistry]. PMID- 802689 TI - [Large bridges]. PMID- 802688 TI - [A synthesis of recent attainments concerning the problem of dental caries]. PMID- 802692 TI - [Histological prognosis of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in children]. PMID- 802693 TI - Cleft lip and palate. PMID- 802694 TI - Turning back the clock. 2. PMID- 802695 TI - [The occlusally-adapted impression tray technique]. PMID- 802696 TI - [Preparation of individual dies through centrifugation]. PMID- 802697 TI - [Death of Mao Tse Tung (or Mao Dze Dong)]. PMID- 802698 TI - [Evaluation of Costen's and Schwartz' syndromes in the diseases of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 802699 TI - Isolation of rubella virus from brain in chronic progressive panencephalitis. AB - Rubella virus was isolated from the brain of a congenitally-infected, 12-year-old child in whom progressive mental and motor deterioration became evident at age 8 and 11 years respectively. The virus was initially isolated in a co-culture of CV I cells with the trypsinized brain tissue; subsequently the culture of the brain tissue also showed evidence of rubella virus infection recognized by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) using anti-rubella virus antibody prepared in rabbits as intermediate serum. Both isolates interfered with infection of BSC I cell lines by echovirus type II. The interfering virus was identified as rubella virus by IFA with the specific antiserum, and it is designated as the NTr strain of rubella virus. The complement fixing antibody titre to rubella virus in serum was I:256. The spinal fluid was anticomplementary. Rubella virus haemagglutinating antibody titre (HI) in serum was I:8196 and in the spinal fluid I:128. The HI antibody was of the IgG class. The corresponding HI titres to rubeola virus in serum and spinal fluid were I:8 and less than I:2 respectively. PMID- 802700 TI - Studies on bonding strength between CHPMA treated alloys and thermo-setting resin for crown and bridge works. PMID- 802701 TI - [Unknown museum of dentistry: 4000 items]. PMID- 802702 TI - [Direct bonding]. PMID- 802703 TI - Metal-ceramic. Precision of large metal-ceramic bridges. PMID- 802704 TI - [New dental micromotor]. PMID- 802705 TI - [A Scythian vase with dental motif]. PMID- 802706 TI - [The new articulated alveolar bar prosthesis of E. Dolder]. PMID- 802707 TI - [Diagram form for ordering dental technical work]. PMID- 802708 TI - [The new articulated alveolar bar prosthesis of E. Dolder]. PMID- 802709 TI - [Work model for bridge repairs]. PMID- 802710 TI - [Volume and variety of dental prosthetic production in Sweden in 1972]. PMID- 802711 TI - [Measurement of adhesion in a metal-ceramic system]. PMID- 802712 TI - [One alternative for presentation of a maxillary resection prosthesis where the resected part consists of one obturator closing, a hollow space]. PMID- 802713 TI - [L'Academie Royale de Medecine de Belgique. Members list]. PMID- 802714 TI - Transformation of C18-, C19- and C21-steroids by cultures of Candida albicans. PMID- 802715 TI - [Identification of antigens and immunological diagnostic methods in the course of extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 802716 TI - [Immunotherapy of coccidiomycosis]. PMID- 802717 TI - [Handpieces]. PMID- 802718 TI - [Interocclusal relations of prosthetic teeth]. PMID- 802719 TI - [The occlusal adjustment of the total adjoint prosthesis]. PMID- 802720 TI - [The extrados of upper and lower total adjoint prostheses]. PMID- 802721 TI - [The immediate total adjoint prosthesis]. PMID- 802722 TI - Prevention of coronary heart disease by diet. PMID- 802723 TI - [Gingival changes after coronal mortal amputation in primary teeth]. PMID- 802724 TI - [Identity reconstruction]. PMID- 802726 TI - [To the Congress of the International Institute from the middle class]. PMID- 802725 TI - [Short anecdotal history of life insurance]. PMID- 802727 TI - Diet caused early man's dental ills. PMID- 802728 TI - The myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 802729 TI - [Correction of the facial profile of leprosy patients]. PMID- 802730 TI - [Nerve sutures with a microsurgical technic that may avoid complete Wallerian degeneration]. PMID- 802731 TI - [Colostomy closure with extramucosa seromuscular suture of one layer anastomosis]. PMID- 802732 TI - [Duodenal injuries. Review of 134 cases and results of 15 patients treated with standard surgical procedure]. PMID- 802733 TI - [Acid-etch technique used for anchoring of orthodontic pull on retained canines]. PMID- 802734 TI - [Toothache gate in Cairo. ("Bab el Mutawali")]. PMID- 802735 TI - [Individual presentation trays for fluoride application, as an alternative method]. PMID- 802736 TI - [A 2% sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste's caries preventive effect in a Danish fluoride area]. PMID- 802737 TI - [Prophylactic use of p-hydroxybenzoic acid propylester to prevent dry sockets]. PMID- 802738 TI - [From dispensaries to health centers: tradition and innovation in social medicine matters in Bordeaux]. PMID- 802739 TI - Studies on adhesive characteristics of dental cements. PMID- 802740 TI - [Comparative study of different types of sutures in single or double layers in the small intestine. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 802741 TI - [Mucose antrectomy associated with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 802742 TI - [Hemifacial atrophy. Our experiences in its treatment]. PMID- 802743 TI - [Reticulum cell sarcoma in the maxillofacial region. Review of the medical literature and communication of a case]. PMID- 802745 TI - [Rotating dental instruments. Sharpness, tolerance, balance]. PMID- 802744 TI - [Effectiveness of a preventive application of fluoride lacquer against caries in abutment teeth of removable partial dentures]. PMID- 802746 TI - Light microscopic morphology of viral hepatitis. AB - The histopathology of acute and chronic infections associated with viral hepatitis is reviewed and illustrated. Particular attention is directed to changes that help to differentiate chronic persistent from chronic active viral hepatitis. Features that help to identify the intravenous drug abuser who has hepatitis, whether acute or chronic, include the presence of particulate birefringent material (usually talc) in reticuloendothelial cells, as well as tissue eosinophilia. Ground-glass hepatocytes are characteristic of the HBAg carrier. They may be present in chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhotic livers with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Ground-glass cells which contain the surface component of the HBAg, can be stained specifically by a number of stains that include aldehyde fuchsin and orcein. The cirrhotic liver of the HBAg-seropositive patient may show liver-cell dysplasia, a premalignant change. PMID- 802747 TI - Cellular pathophysiology of hepatitis. AB - This paper represents an analysis of the subcellular events that occur in the human liver in viral hepatitis. They involve both hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells, including Kupffer cells. We present a new hypothesis concerning the sequence of events that occurs in hepatic parenchymal cells. These events begin with a virus-hepatocyte interaction that involves primary damage to the cell membrane. This is assumed to trigger a complex sequence of events that results in the characteristic hepatocellular impairment of this disease. These events center around ionic shifts resulting from an altered plasma membrane, leading to interactive events in hepatocyte organelles, mostly reversible, but resulting in the characteristic hepatocellular impairment. PMID- 802748 TI - Epidemiology and mode of transmission of viral hepatitis A and B. AB - Viral hepatitis is now subdivided into three forms: hepatitis A (HA), epidemic or short-incubation-period hepatitis; hepatitis B (HB), homologous serum or posttransfusion hepatitis; and a third form, for which the term "hepatitis C" (HC) or "non-A-non-B hepatitis" has been proposed. Hepatitis A is usually transmitted by the anal-oral route and occurs endemically and epidemically; hepatitis B is transmitted by direct inoculation but probably almost as frequently by nonparenteral routes and is usually endemic; hepatitis C occurs after transfusion and may account for more cases of posttransfusion hepatitis than HA and HB together. Both HA and HB can be diagnosed accurately by their respective antigens and corresponding antibodies; in contrast, little is known yet about the characteristics of HC. PMID- 802749 TI - The diagnosis and pathogenesis of clinical variants in viral hepatitis. AB - The heterogeneity of the clinical responses to hepatitis A and B infection is well known, and may in part relate to different etiologic agents (hepatitis A, B, "C", etc.) as well as to the individual hosts' immune responses. The spectrum of disease ranges from anicteric asymptomatic infections to fulminant hepatic necrosis with hepatic failure and death. Although the clinical presentation is varied, there are essentially two patterns of necrosis that can be seen histologically during the first few weeks of clinical symptoms. The more common pattern is focal, and necrosis is scattered throughout the hepatic lobule. Less commonly, zones of necrosis that bridge between the portal--portal or portal- central areas of the lobule develop. When the latter process (bridging necrosis) is extensive, confluent lobules may be destroyed. Patients with focal patterns of necrosis eventually recover without sequelae, whereas a sizable proportion (30 60%) of patients who have bridging or multilobular necrosis progress to chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, or progressive hepatocellular failure. There is increasing evidence that these widely differing clinical and histologic responses to hepatitis infection may be related to differences in the immune response. PMID- 802750 TI - DNA repair after UV and gamma irradiation. I. Rat spleen cells. AB - An in vitro microculture was set up to standardize DNA enzymatic repair in rat spleen lymphocytes after exposure to ultraviolet or gamma rays by measuring the tritiated thymidine uptake. A relation between irradiation dose and DNA repair is always observable when cell viability and scheduled DNA synthesis are taken into account. This micromethod utilizing rat spleen cells appears to be a suitable system for such a study since it permits a satisfactory evaluation of DNA repair. PMID- 802751 TI - DNA repair after UV and gamma irradiation. II. Human lymphocytes. AB - A technique of an in vitro microculture system has been set up in order to standardize DNA repair in adult human lymphocytes after ultraviolet and gamma irradiation measuring tritiated thymidine uptake. The results obtained in DNA unscheduled synthesis were different if ultraviolet or gamma rays were employed. PMID- 802752 TI - [Life and work of Professor Jaques Thomas, Honarary Member (1904--1975)]. PMID- 802753 TI - Light coagulation of the eye. AB - A brief description is given of the history and early application of light coagulation in ophthalmology. The technique was originally developed by Meyer Schwickerath in 1949 following clinical observation of macular damage sustained from watching an eclipse. A variety of different light sources were attempted in the prototype instruments before Carl Zeiss (Oberkochen) developed the first commercial model using a high-pressure Xenon lamp in combination with an ophthalmoscopic view of the funds. The ophthalmological clinical procedure originally advocated by Meyer-Schwickerath for light coagulation is briefly outlined and its potential application as a prophylactic treatment in certain specified pathologies is indicated. PMID- 802754 TI - [The Prummel anchor. The guiding arm of the clasp prevents shifting of abutment teeth by the partial denture]. PMID- 802755 TI - Systemic pathology of chimpanzees. AB - Spontaneous lesions in chimpanzees have been described according to the organ system involved. These lesions have been reported in the literature or noted in chimpanzees at the 6571st Aeromedical Research Laboratory (ARL), Holloman AFB, N. Mex., over a 15-year period. some of the lesions seen at the ARL were the result of overt clinical disease, while others represent incidental findings, the significance and genesis of which were often obscure. Conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract, especially parasitic diseases, have been and continue to be of the highest frequency, with disorders involving the cardiovascular system next. Infectious diseases have been infrequent, especially in the stabilized colony, and neoplastic conditions have not been seen. PMID- 802756 TI - [Clinical examination of the patient with totally edentulous upper and lower jaw]. PMID- 802757 TI - [Retention of total upper and lower prosthesis: physical factors]. PMID- 802758 TI - [Retention of total upper and lower prosthesis: anatomic physiologic elements to exploit and respect]. PMID- 802759 TI - [Minor preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 802760 TI - [Preliminary and definitive impressions in complete dentures]. PMID- 802761 TI - [Mounting of upper and lower anterior prosthetic teeth]. PMID- 802762 TI - [Esthetics in complete dentures]. PMID- 802763 TI - [Mounting of upper and lower latero-posterior prosthetic teeth]. PMID- 802764 TI - [Other, unusual mountings of upper and lower anterior and upper and lower posterior prosthetic teeth]. PMID- 802765 TI - Characterization of and bovine intramammary infection by group B Streptococcus agalactiae of human origin. PMID- 802766 TI - Experimental infection of white-tailed deer with Mycoplasma mycoides var Mycoides. PMID- 802767 TI - Field applications of MA and MAG tests for detection of avian salmonellosis. PMID- 802768 TI - Development of standard and diagnostic reference reagents and methods. PMID- 802769 TI - [Possibilities of nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG in malignant melanomas of the skin]. PMID- 802770 TI - [Nucleases. Biological role]. AB - In the first part of the review (R. I. Tatarskaya, 1976, Mol. Biol. 10, 235--259) the role of nucleases in the transcription, DNA replication, recombination and reparation was briefly described and discussed. The second part comprises some data on the role of nucleases in tRNA, rRNA, mRNA and DNA processing and mRNA degradation. Brief chapters "Restriction" and "Nucleases and viruses" are included as well. PMID- 802771 TI - [Comparative investigation of the non-histone proteins of chromatin from pigeon erythroblasts and erythrocytes]. AB - Chromosomal non-histone proteins are obtained from nuclei of two types of pigeon erythroid cells: erythroblasts (cells active in RNA synthesis) and erythrocytes (cells with repressed RNA synthesis). They are well soluble in solutions of low ionic strength. Electrophoretic separation of the obtained non-histone proteins in polyacrylamide gels with urea and SDS shows the presence of qualitative differences in the pattern of non-histone proteins of chromatine from erythroblasts and erythrocytes. By electrophoresis in urea some protein bands of non-histone proteins of chromatine from erythroblasts were found which disappear with the aging of cells. At the same time two protein fractions were observed in chromatine from erythrocytes which were absent in that of erythroblasts. Disappearance of some high molecular weight protein fractions from erythrocyte chromatine as compared to erythroblasts was observed by separation of the non histone proteins in the presence of SDS. These fractions of the non-histone proteins disappearing during aging of cells are well extractable from erythroblast chromatine by 0.35 M NaCl solution. In the in vitro system with E. coli RNA polymerase addition of non-histone proteins of chromatine from erythroblasts to chromatine from erythrocytes increases RNA synthesis 2--3 times. At the same time addition of non-histone proteins from erythrocytes is either without any influence on this process or somewhat inhibiting. PMID- 802772 TI - [Effect of oligoribonucleotides specifically bound by E. coli RNA-polymerase on DNA-dependent RNA synthesis]. AB - It was shown previously that E. coli RNA-polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) selectively binds certain fractions of penta- or hexaribonucleotides random mixtures (Knorre V. L., Vasilenko S. V., Salganik R. I., FEBS Lett., 30, 229, 1973). The data obtained demonstrate that such oligoribonucleotides compete with DNA for the RNA polymerase active centre and inhibit DNA dependent RNA synthesis catalyzed by the enzyme. These properties are absent in tri- and tetraribonucleotides which cannot be bound by RNA polymerase. The inhibitory action of the pentaribonucleotides was higher when they had been added prior to DNA to the mixture containing RNA polymerase. PMID- 802773 TI - [DNA compact form. VI. Changes of DNA secondary structure under conditions preceding its compaction in a solution]. AB - Optical and thermochemical properties of E. coli DNA molecules are compared in solutions containing poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) in concentrations at which compactization is not yet observed. It is shown that under conditions preceding DNA compactization (CPEG less than 60 mg/ml) changes in CD spectra occur which suggest that the secondary structure of some DNA fragments is altered. These changes of the secondary structure result from dehydration of DNA molecules in PEG-containing solutions. Electron micrographs of DNA molecules obtained under conditions preceding compactization suggest that under these conditions linear DNA molecules may form "four-stranded" fragments as well as double-stranded "loops". PMID- 802774 TI - [Identification of partial hydrolysis products of lambda bacteriophage DNA by restriction endonuclease EcoRI]. AB - The relationship between the electrophoretic mobility of double stranded DNA fragments electrophoresed in agarose gel and their molecular weights within the range from 1.10(6) to 8.10(7) daltons and agarose concentration 0.3--2.0% has been studied. Partial hydrolysis products of lambda phage DNA obtained by restriction endonuclease EcoRI have been separated. Partial hydrolysis products have been identified by determining the fragments of full cleavage as well as by genetic methods using a system of transformation of E. coli cells treated with CaCl2, which have been infected with different helper-phages containing definite gene mutations. PMID- 802775 TI - [Synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits in Escherichia coli mutants]. AB - The influence of mutations in structural genes of beta- and beta'-subunits of RNA polymerase upon the synthesis of these subunits in E. coli cells have been investigated. An amber-mutation ts22 in the beta-subunit gene decreases the intracellular concentration of this subunit and the rate of its synthesis. At the same time the concentration and the rate of beta'-subunit synthesis is increased. These facts suggest the compensating activation of the synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits that takes place under the conditions of deficiency in one of the subunits. Reversions, as well as more effective suppression of ts22 amber mutation achieved by streptomycin addition or substitution of su2 by sul result in a rise in the concentration and the rate of beta-subunit formation. This is accompanied by a drop in the concentration and the role of beta'-subunit synthesis. tsX missense motation in the beta'-subunit gene alters the properties of the enzyme increasing at the same time the concentration and the rate of synthesis of both subunits, particularly at nonpermissive temperature. This points to an inversely proportional relationship between the rate of synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits and total intracellular activity of the enzyme. Extra subunits are rapidly degraded in ts22 and tsX mutants. PMID- 802777 TI - Photoelectric bilayer lipid membrane: a model for the thylakoid membrane. PMID- 802778 TI - [Peculiarities of DNA winding with bifunctional cations]. AB - Addition of the bifunctional cations, bis(2-aminoethyl) disulphide-cystamine, and bis(2-guanidoethyl) disulphide-GED, into water solution of DNA results in a decrease in magnitude of the positive circular dichroism (CD) band. However, unlike the similar effect due to alcaline ions or ions of ammonium and guanidinium the above effect occurs at much smaller, stoichiometric with phosphates, concentrations of the dications. Another peculiarity of GED is the attaining of a plato region for the curve of the CD change with the rise of GED concentration. Since the decrease in positive band CD is connected with increase in the rotation angle between the base pairs, the observed behavior of the bifunctional cations are supposedly due to peculiarities of their winding action upon DNA helix. Reducing the disulphide bond in the cations gives rise to increase in the DNA positive CD band up to the values inherent to those in the presence of the corresponding monocations. The higher efficiency of the bifunctional cations is thus due to the cationic groups belong to one and the same molecule. Such compounds could thus be considered as a simple model of DNA protein interaction. PMID- 802779 TI - [Complex carbohydrates: their biosynthesis and biological role in the animal cell]. AB - The review deals with the main classes of complex carbohydrates of higher animals: glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). Especial attention is given to the problems of non template bisynthesis of these compounds, such as the specificity of the glycosyltransferases, their subcellular localization and regulation of their activity. Genetic control of complex carbohydrates is also described and as an example of such the biosynthesis of blood group substances is considered. One of sections of the paper considers the biological role of the complex carbohydrates. PMID- 802776 TI - Dedication (Dan W. Reed-1940-1974). PMID- 802780 TI - [Active sites of enzymes: stereochemistry and dynamics]. AB - The concept of an enzyme active site as of an integrated network system, which is substantiated by multipoint contacts between constituents, is presented. The conformational and electronic state of an enzyme active site supposed to be determined by hydrogen bonds network, which connects different subsites and components of the active site. The substrate specificity of an enzyme is achieved by means of hydrogen bonds formation between the protein and nonreacting fragment of the substrate molecule. As a consequence, reacting fragment of a substrate and those of an enzyme are locked in the configuration close to that of the transition state for the reaction. Stereochemical and dynamical aspects of ribonucleases specificity are considered in the framework of the concept. A molecular mechanism for the enzyme-substrate recognition is suggested. PMID- 802781 TI - [DNA compact form. 8. X-ray diffraction study of DNA compact particles, formed in solutions containing polyethylene glycol]. AB - A comparative X-ray study of DNA compact particles, formed in PEG-containing solution from native DNA and from DNA molecules with altered secondary structure was carried out. Low-angle reflections, present in X-ray patterns of compact particles (in powder form) from native DNA, correspond to spacings of 84, 42 and 35 A, while wide-angle reflections correspond to spacings of 12.8; 8.4, 6.0, 4.5, 3.4 A. Low-angle reflections at 84 and 42 A are present also in X-ray patterns of compact particles, formed from DNA molecules with altered secondary structures. These two reflections are believed to be the results of an ordering of DNA molecules within the compact particles. The main features of this ordering appear in the first approximation to be independent on DNA secondary structure. The CD spectra of all types of compact particles, mentioned above, were also studied. It has been shown that the intense negative band (lambda approximately 270 nm) in a CD spectrum appeared only in the case of compact particles, formed from native DNA molecules. The nature of the revealed correlation between the 35 A reflection and the CD negative band is discussed. Data presented in the paper allow one to suppose that the 35 A reflection in X-ray patterns and the CD negative band result from specific interactions between double-stranded DNA fragments spatially brought together in compact particles. Such type of interaction is believed to be characteristic only of native DNA molecules. PMID- 802782 TI - [Separation of the enzyme catalyzing polymerization of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates from preparations of E. coli DNA-polymerase I]. AB - The enzyme which catalyses template independent synthesis of polydeoxynucleotides from deoxynucleoside diphosphates was separated from E. coli DNA polymerase I by DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by ultrafiltration through the M-50 Amicon filter. The ultrafiltration data indicate that the molecular weight of the enzyme is not higher than 50,000. The enzyme is not able to use deoxynucleoside triphosphates, ribonucleoside di- or triphosphates as substrates for the polymerization. The reaction of template independent polymerization proceeds with a lag period varying from 2 to 20 hours (for different preparations of enzyme) and is activated by Mg2+ (the optimal concentration 1-2 . 10(-3) M). The pH optimum of the reaction is at 8.5. The optimal concentration of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates is 10(-3) M, and its increase strongly inhibits polymerization. The enzyme was supposed to be called deoxynucleoside diphosphate: olygonucleotide deoxynucleotidyltransferase (catalyzing polymerization without template). The presence of the enzyme in the preparations of E. coli DNA polymerase I can explain the ability of the latter to catalyze the untemplated synthesis of poly dG : poly dC. PMID- 802783 TI - [Complementarily addressed alkylation of yeast tRNA 1 Val with chloroethylmethylaminobenzylidene d(pC-G)-A. Proof of the modification of the third nucleotide located at the 5'-terminus of the complete binding site of the reagent]. AB - Yeast tRNAlVal alkylation with 2',3'-0-[4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N methylaminobenzylidene]dpCdpGrpA proceeds within complementary complexes that are formed due to attachment of the reagent to three sequences of tRNAlVal. The acetal bond of the initial product of alkylation has been hydrolyzed to yield beta-[N=methyl-N-(4-formylphenyl) amino]ethyl-tRNAlVal (R-tRNA) that contains from 1 to 3 residues of the specifically modified nucleosides: alkyl adenosine (R A), R-I and probably R-psi. Individual alkylated oligonucleotides were isolated from R-tRNAlVal pyrimidyl-RNAse digest. The alkylated oligonucleotides correspond to 93% of all modified products. The major component is beta-[N-methyl-N(4 formylphenyl)aminoA1ethyl-A53-G-Tp. This indicates that the reagent is attached to complementary psi-C-G-sequence in the T-loop of tRNAlVal and that alkylation of the third nucleotide counting from the 5'-terminus of the sequence which binds the reagent completely takes place within the complementary complexes. This site of the tRNAlVal is modified quantitatively at 20 degrees and 19-fold excess of the reagent. The alkylation of two other sites of tRNA reaches 50% under these conditions. PMID- 802784 TI - [Secondary structure of the polyhedral protein of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori and some of its fragments]. AB - The secondary structure of polyhedral protein of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori and some of its fragments has been investigated by circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion. It has been shown that the protein contains 6% alpha-helices and 26% beta-structures at pH 10.5. The conversion of beta-pleated sheets to alpha-helices after the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate was observed. A correlation between the number of alpha-helices in the fragment BrCN-V and its ability to aggregate in aqueous solutions was observed. It was suggested that the COOH-terminal region of polypeptide chain of polyhedral protein makes a considerable contribution to the aggregation of subunits of the polyhedral protein. PMID- 802785 TI - [Influence of heavy water (D20) on the conformation and UV-sensitivity of proteins]. AB - The heavy water (D2O) has been shown to induce the conformational transitions in trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin. The transfer of proteins from H2O into D2O results a change in their sensitivity to UV-light. An increase in sensitivity to the irradiation at 248 nm and a decrease in sensitivity to the irradiation at 280 nm were observed. The quantum yield of chromophore photolysis (for cystyne and tryptophan) is correspondingly changed. However, although the quantum yield of sensitized reduction of cystine by solvated electrons photochemically ejected from the aromatic acid residues during irradiation at 280 nm increases instead of a rise a drop in the quantum yield of protein inactivation is registered. The data obtained are discussed in terms of importance of solvated shell for conformational stability of proteins. The solvated electrons are suggested to be transfered mainly to nonessential disulfide bridges within trypsin molecule. Rupture of these bonds does not result in trypsin inactivation. PMID- 802786 TI - [Protein content of E. coli membrane under conditions of repressed and derepressed biosynthesis of alkaline phosphatase]. AB - Protein content of membranes in wild type strains of E. coli K12 and K10 and in mutants defective in alkaline phosphatase regulator genes: E. coli C85 (R1-R2+p+) and E. coli C4(R1+R2-P+) under the conditions of repression and derepression of this enzyme was studied. Correlation between the content in membranes of minor component with the molecular weight 30,700 and the state of the regulatory system of alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis was shown. This protein was absent in the membranes of the repressed cells of wild type strains and in the membranes of nonrepressible (constitutive) mutant E. coli C4. Probably the protein with molecular weight 30,700 is a product of the regulatory gene R2 and its binding with the membrane determines its regulatory function. PMID- 802787 TI - [Donor site of E. coli ribosomal peptidyltransferase]. AB - The mechanism of 5'-cytidilic acid stimulation of the reaction between 2'(3')-O formylmethionine ester of 5'-adenylic acid and phenylalanyl-tRNA catalyzed by E. coli ribosomes has been studied. It has been shown that cytidilic acid binds to the donor site of the peptidyltransferase in the area which is usually occupied by the second nucleotide residue of the peptidyl-tRNA 3'-end. After the binding cytidilic acid stimulates effectively the donor activity of formylmethionine ester of adenylic acid. A number of compounds have been tested as possible stimulants. Both the chemical nature of stimulant and its conformation are important for the stimulating action. A hypothetic scheme is suggested explaining possible causative factors of peptidyl-tRNA translocation from the acceptor site to the donor site after peptide bond formation. PMID- 802788 TI - [Conformational transitions in tRNA fMet from E. coli induced by monovalent and divalent ions]. AB - Conformational transitions in tRNAfMet E. coli the initiator tRNA in bacterial systems and in some other individual tRNAs have been studied as a function of monovalent and divalent ion concentrations. By measuring the extent of energy transfer between dye molecules adsorbed on tRNAs and by study of adsorption isotherms of dyes on tRNAs conclusion has been drawn about the similarity of conformational state of all tRNAs studied at low ionic strength (mu 0.01). A conformational change in tRNA, produced by an addition of Mg2+ and Na+ ions results in more than two fold decrease of the strong binding sites for dyes. A marked difference in the adsorption properties of tRNAfMet in comparison with other investigated tRNAs were found. The tRNAfMet was the only tRNA species that did not form the strong type of complexes with dyes at high ionic strength PMID- 802789 TI - [Human fascioliasis. Humoral clinical picture and anatomohistological aspects of the liver]. AB - Twenty-seven patients with fasciolasis which was diagnosed through biliary drainage indicated in patients with upper digestive symptoms, particularly of the gastroduodenal portion are presented. The great significance of this procedure in the positive diagnosis of this disease is stressed. The clinical and humoral pictures of these patients are analyzed, and emphasis is made on their poorly defined clinical picture as well as on the little effectiveness of the humoral tests and parasitological studies performed on them. The results of liver macro and microscopic studies on a group of these patients are shown, and the fact that only one patient had lesions attributable to parasitic infestation is pointed out. PMID- 802790 TI - [Identification of substances with biological activity similar to prostaglandins in Cestoda of Moniezia genus]. AB - Prostaglandins are biologically active substances which are found in large quantities in the semen of man and sheep, and in lower quantities in the amniotic and menstrual fluids, uterus, lungs, thymus, pancreas, and renal tissue. It is determined that such substances derive from unsaturated fatty acids, and that their main function is the regulation of the cell metabolism. Through the use of thin-plate chromatography as well as through the correspondent pharmacological action of the eluates upon prostaglandin-sensitive isolated organs, the presence of lipidic substances with biological activity similar to that of prostaglandins was determined for the first time ever in extracts of Moniezia cestodes. Such finding is assessed, and the possibility that the diarrhea frequently found in animals infested by such parasites may be caused by the action of their own prostaglandins on the intestinal smooth musculature of the animals, as well as the passibility that the agents inhibitory of the prostaglandin synthesis may be used in the treatment of such parasitosis are expressed. PMID- 802791 TI - [Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Biological diagnosis]. AB - In his thesis inspired on Favre's works, Phylactos (in 1922) synthetized the knowledges prevailing then on the disease which was characterized in 1913 by Durand, Nicolas, and Favre. He distinguished this disease from tuberculosis, Hodgkin's disease, pestis, syphilis, and chancroid, thus establishing the basic elements of the clinical diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum. In 1924, Gamma described the intracellular inclusions, thus giving rise to the biological diagnosis. In 1925, Frei proved that the heated pus filtrate obtained from buboes induced a specific intradermal reaction. In 1927, Gay Prieto described the elementary corpuscles. PMID- 802792 TI - [Leptospirosis. Serological study of an epidemic outbrake in the province of Camaguey]. AB - A brief historical review of human leptospirosis up to 1972 in Cuba is made. Serological studies were made among sugar cane workers from the Army of Working Youth (EJT) during an epidemic leptospirosis outbreak at the Camguey province in 1973. Results of those studies are presented. The outbreak was due to several serotypes of Leptospira. Other works of the author as well as several reports obtained from specialized medical literature are compared. PMID- 802793 TI - [Microbiological analysis of vindolinina (an alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus) and some of its structural changes]. AB - Bacteriostatic properties of vindolinina (an alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus that has an ester group within its molecule) as well as of its alkaline hydrolysis product (vindolininic acid) crystallized as chlorhydrate, and of the product of its reduction with lithium and aluminum hydrides (vindolininol) are compared. Several strains of bacteria pathogenic to man (Proteus, Escherichia, Shigella, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas) cultured in nutritive-agar dishes containing disks and incubated at 37 degrees C were used and results were assessed 24 hours later. Data obtained show that bacterial growth inhibition is closely related to the structure of the compound as well as to its type of grouping. PMID- 802794 TI - [Is moss and foot an entity or a syndrome? Report of a case]. AB - Dermatological lesions of a patient are studied and investigated. It is suggested that they belong to a syndrome rather than to an entity. The following etiological classification of the mossy syndrome is proposed: due to bacteria, fungi and viruses, and secondary to other dermatopathies. Bibliography is reviewed. PMID- 802795 TI - [Cutaneous larva migrans. Report of a case]. AB - A 20-year-old female patient who presented papylo-erythematous lesions with intense pruritus and arciform sinuous lesions in the back and gluteal regions during a stay at a beach is presented. A cutaneous larva migrans was diagnosed through biopsy. A brief bibliographic review of this parasitologic entity is made. PMID- 802796 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in agriculture workers exposed to the risk of contamination]. AB - Five-hundred-and-eighty-eight cattle and agricultural workers were surveyed. One hundred-and-fifty of them were randomly selected, and they underwent leukograms and absolute eosinophil counts for enabling the study of their hematologic state. A 55% positivity rate was obtained among patients studied through the toxoplasmin intradermoreaction technique from Czechoslovakia. Historical and morphologic aspects, biological characteristics, evolutive cycle, pathologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, as well as the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii are reviewed. PMID- 802797 TI - [Localization of Ascaris lumbricoides in the thoracic cavity. Report of a case]. AB - Several aspects of the history, evolutive cycle and erratic phases of Ascaris lumbricoides as well as of the symptoms and diagnosis of ascariasis are analyzed. The anatomicophysiological concept of spontaneous pneumothorax and its clinical picture, frequency and treatment are exposed. A patient who underwent thoracic surgery due to an acute respiratory syndrome in who a male Ascaris lumbricoides was surprisingly found obstructing the probe after an explorating left thoracotomy and a resection of the lung apex is presented. The nematode is suggested as the possible etiological agent of the respiratory disease. PMID- 802798 TI - [Morbidity in Yemenite children. Social and clinical aspects in 146 patients of the Camilo Cienfuegos hospital of Lahej]. AB - A clinical-social study on 146 children discharged form the "Camilo Cienfuegos" Hospital of Lahej, Yemen Democratic Republic, during 1972 and 1973 is made. Authors stress the deplorable socioeconomic and cultural conditions inherited from colonialism, and the diseases detected among population. PMID- 802799 TI - [Preliminary report of an atypical histopathological form of lepromatous leprosy. Report of a case]. AB - A patient with lepromatous leprosy whose atypical histopathologic picture involved giant vacuoles and cell atypia is presented. The summary of his clinical record is exposed, and bibliography is reviewed. PMID- 802800 TI - [Postgraduate courses in parasitology and tropical medicine offered by the Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kouri"]. PMID- 802801 TI - [In relation to the terms infection and infestation]. AB - A study on the terms "infection" and "infestation" is made according to the definitions found in different works. Confusions emerging from their use are commented. The solution of the problem could be achieved by the use of definitions which determine with precision the expresive content of both terms. PMID- 802802 TI - [Histoplasma capsulatum: isolation from bats in Cuba]. AB - A mycologic-serologic study of 169 bats of species Artibeus jamaicensis parvipos, Brachyphyllanana, Eptesicus fuscus dutertreus, Tadarida brasiliensis muscula and Mormoops blainvillei which were catched in a cave of Havana province is presented. Histoplasma capsulatum were isolated from the lungs, liver and spleen, in four out of the five species studied. All species were serologically negative. PMID- 802803 TI - [Clinicoepidemiology of patients admitted to "El Rincon" hospital]. AB - The Provincial Direction of Public Health of Havana oriented the performance of this study in order to investigate lepers and people living with them, mainly from a clinicoepidemiologic viewpoint. The study was elaborated and developed by the Provincial and National Groups of Dermatology as well as by the Provincial Group of Epidemiology in the Ariguanabo region. PMID- 802804 TI - [Histoid leprosy. Report of the 1st case reported in Cuba]. AB - Known backgrounds of histoid leprosy are reviewed. A brief bibliographic review is made, and results of investigations carried out by different authors are presented. A black 55 year-old male patient with this type of leprosy whose histological picture is typical is presented. PMID- 802805 TI - [Genetics of malocclusion]. PMID- 802806 TI - [Genetic bases for congenital clefts]. PMID- 802807 TI - [Polygenic transmissions]. PMID- 802808 TI - [Current criteria for dento-facial orthopedic treatment]. PMID- 802809 TI - [Teleradiographic anatomy of the lateral view]. PMID- 802810 TI - [Bonding in dento-facial orthopedics. (Physical and physico-chemical properties of cements)]. PMID- 802811 TI - [Cemented brackets and cyanoacrylate]. PMID- 802812 TI - [The oral status and dental treatment needs of the older population in West Zealand County]. PMID- 802813 TI - [Fluoride lacquer--an alternate caries prophylaxis measure?]. PMID- 802814 TI - [Occurrence of dental caries in a group of Danish preschool children (author's transl)]. PMID- 802815 TI - Diagnosis and treatment planning for removable partial dentures. PMID- 802816 TI - [Semi-identical orthopantomograms]. PMID- 802817 TI - [The Micro-Mega disinfection spray--is it effective?]. PMID- 802818 TI - Presidential Address: Lettsom's world, and ours. PMID- 802819 TI - Dr. Isambard Owen (1850-1927) background, education and profile. PMID- 802820 TI - Comments on Dr. Lettsom's psychological make-up from the facts presented in Professor Woodruff's Presidential Address. PMID- 802821 TI - Presidential Address. Contribution of vascular surgery to general medicine. PMID- 802822 TI - Malaria. PMID- 802823 TI - Looking around in cardiac surgery. Lettsomian lecture I 1977. PMID- 802824 TI - Annual oration on the anomaly of anatomy. PMID- 802825 TI - Lettsomian lectures. Inborn errors of metabolism. Archibald Garrod and the birth of an idea. PMID- 802826 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism. 2. Present concepts and future directions. Lettsomian lecture 1976. PMID- 802827 TI - Growing points in renal disease. PMID- 802828 TI - The scientific basis and practice of acupuncture and homeopathy. Homeopathy. PMID- 802829 TI - Annual oration on mid-twentieth century physician. PMID- 802830 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis (clinical contribution)]. PMID- 802831 TI - [Sialography in sialadenitis]. PMID- 802832 TI - [Angiomas of the jaws]. PMID- 802833 TI - [Hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle]. PMID- 802834 TI - [Particular aspects of pulmonary echinococcosis in childhood]. PMID- 802835 TI - [Single layer sutures of the small intestine and colon]. PMID- 802836 TI - [Siegfried Rosin 13 July 1913--11 March 1976]. PMID- 802837 TI - [Ernst Hadorn. May 31, 1902 to April 4, 1976. 31 May 1902--4 April 1976]. PMID- 802838 TI - [Corrective osteotomies of the lower jaw]. PMID- 802840 TI - [Technical possibilities with plastic facings. V]. PMID- 802839 TI - [Build-up technic modified for the condyloform technic of Prof. Dr. A. Gerber, Zurich (IV)]. PMID- 802841 TI - [Use, indications and considerations concerning the technology of Spall-wt-52 silver-palladium alloy]. PMID- 802842 TI - [Intramandibular salivary inclusions observed in prehistory and in our day]. PMID- 802843 TI - [Total expansion of the vestibular and sublingual sulcus by using a skin graft]. PMID- 802844 TI - Greeks, Romans applied science to knowledge of the oral cavity. PMID- 802845 TI - [Analysis of lipoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 802847 TI - [Several convenient methods for the estimation of ammonia in blood and urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 802846 TI - [Method for determination of non-protein nitrogen constituents, uric acid; a review and methods for determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 802848 TI - [A case of cerebral microglioma]. AB - The authors present the first national observation of a microgliosarcoma. The patient, a woman of 57 years old, was admitted with the clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of an intracranial mass occupying lesion. Surgical excision was incomplete, and postoperative radiotherapy was undertaken. Posteriorly, lymphoma classification criteria was used to determine the extension of the process. Due to an abnormal retroperitoneal finding in the lymphangiogram the patient was submitted to a laparotomy following staging procedures and diagnosing tuberculous ganglia without lymphomatous lesions. Considerations are made on the identity of the origin of microglia and the reticuloendothelial system and the different nomenclature used to name this tumor. The necessity of a classification of the extension of lesion according to established norms for lymphomas is stressed and therapeutic procedures are proposed. PMID- 802849 TI - [Clemente Estable 1894-1976]. PMID- 802850 TI - [The surgical problem of experimental liver transplantation in swine]. AB - Lethal causes of 33 experimental animals which survived more than 3 days after liver transplantation were rejection of the graft, thrombosis of vascular stems, bile duct obstruction, and gastric ulcers. Trombogenesis in the vascular stems can be inhibited by application of anticoagulants during and after operation. Obstruction of the bile duct anastomosis can be prevented by the author's previously reported method of drainage. The papilla of the duodenum is spared in order to reduce ascending infection. In no case immunosuppressive treatment was applied. Nevertheless, there was long-term survival of the experimental animals (longer than 1 year) in good general state and with normal sexual functions. Till now the authors could prove no alterations in the descendants that might be caused by the hepatic transplantation in the parents. PMID- 802851 TI - [Changes in thoracic duct lymph in allotransplantation of the liver in dogs]. AB - In 8 dogs simultaneous orthotopic liver allotransplantation and external drainage were performed. During and after surgery lymph and blood plasma were examined. The lymph flow increased considerably, due to blood stasis in the gut. Concentrations of total protein and potassium decreased in blood and in lymph. Levels of glucose and lactate in lymph were significantly elevated, compared with plasma levels. Examination of thoracic duct lymph improves the possibilities to assess the blood stasis in the splanchnic system and the corresponding metabolic cell alterations. It is presumed that external drainage of thoracic duct might improve the course immediately after liver transplantation. PMID- 802853 TI - [Macroscopic and microscopic study of local compatibility of silicone rubber in short- and long-term experiments]. AB - Extended trials were carried out on the purpose of finding optimal silicone rubber materials for endotheses, among others macroscopical and microscopical examinations of local compatibility after implantation in rats and dogs. Short term experiments on 7 kinds of silicone rubber (VEB Chemiewerk Nunchritz) showed that subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation was well tolerated by rats. Optimal terms for removal were the 7th and the 28th day. Long-term trials of 4 kinds of silicone rubber in rats and dogs up to 1 year yielded no significantly different results compared with control materials from the Dow Corning Corporation. After comparing trials for biostability, 2 silicone rubbers were recommended for clinical use. Optimal terms for removing in long-term experiments were the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month. In the rat experiments after 6 months the thickness of the capsule remained constant, as morphometrically determined. This might be crucial in the assessment of long-term compatibility. PMID- 802852 TI - [Cellular immunity to donor antigens after kidney transplants in humans]. AB - Decisive for controlling renal transplantation is the knowledge of the immunological reactions. The cellular immuno-mechanisms, released via sensibilization by donor HL-A antigens, are specially important for acute rejection. To predict a crisis of rejection and to initiate increased immuno suppressive measures it is important to know the degree of cellular immunologic response. The sensibilization was demonstrated in the experiments by means of the MEM test, using graft antigens isolated from spleen or kidney of the donor. In all patients an increasing sensibilization against donor antigen could be proved. The velocity of this sensibilization seems of value for predicting the duration of the graft's survival. PMID- 802854 TI - Differences in enzyme levels and physiological processes in mice of different ages. AB - Recent literature age differences in enzyme levels of mice is reviewed and related to reported differences in physiological processes. It is concluded that differences in enzyme levels to not provide a simple characterization of aging processes. PMID- 802855 TI - Avoidance learning, behavior genetics, and aging: a critical review and comment on methodology. AB - Animal models of human aging problems are potentially of enormous value to gerontological research. Models of behavioral problems have not often lived up to their promise. This review examines one such model system, avoidance learning in aging rodents. This model system has become increasingly popular among behavioral gerontologists, yet it has not provided the unambiguous answers to experimental questions which investigators expected. Our effort has been to determine why the system has failed, and to provide useful suggestions for future research. At the same time we have tried to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of studies which have been conducted in the last two decades. PMID- 802856 TI - The terminal drop hypothesis: fact or artifact? AB - Findings from eight longitudinal investigations were reviewed in order to evaluate the terminal drop hypothesis. The concept of terminal drop was seen to be more useful when partitioned into its component parts: the relationship between the level of cognitive performance with survival and with distance from death, and the relationship between changes in cognitive performance and death. Health status and age at death emerged as important intervening variables in understanding the terminal drop concept. PMID- 802857 TI - Reference material for health auxiliaries and their teachers. PMID- 802858 TI - Genitourinary fungal infections. AB - Although fungal urinary tract infections occur less frequently than bacterial urinary tract infections their incidence has increased during the last several decades and their clinical importance to the urologist should not be underestimated. Herein the pertinent literature on fungal urinary tract infections is reviewed, with emphasis on the predisposing factors, pathogenesis, host defense mechanisms and the clinical spectrum of the disease. An approach to the evaluation of positive cultures and therapy is presented. PMID- 802859 TI - Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula: case report, review of Japanese literature and description of non-radical treatment. AB - A case of congenital arteriovenous fistula diagnosed by measuring the oxygen saturation difference of renal veins at the time of selective renal angiographic examination and a review of 38 relevant Japanese cases are reported. The English as well as the Japanese literature was reviewed. Treatment has consisted of partial nephrectomy, ligation of the branch artery supplying the fistula and intentional embolization of the arterial branches, feeding the shunt by catheter. PMID- 802860 TI - Free full thickness skin graft urethroplasty. PMID- 802861 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra. AB - We herein report a case of primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra, summarize the histopathology, review the available literature and discuss the treatment. Although a definitive regimen for the treatment of this virulent malignancy has not been established a 10-year-survival has been obtained by surgical extirpation preceded by preoperative radiotherapy. PMID- 802862 TI - Clinical management of non-testicular intrascrotal tumors. AB - Our 10-year experience with non-testicular intrascrotal tumors has been combined with an extensive survey of the literature. The over-all incidence of malignancy affecting intrascrotal structures is high: 1) 25 per cent of epididymal neoplasms are malignant, 2) excluding cord lipomas, 56 per cent of cord tumors are malignant and 3) 59 per cent of scrotal tunic neoplasms are of malignant origin. Because of the high incidence of malignancy and because tumors of these structures are often misdiagnosed, a clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of non-testicular intrascrotal masses is presented. PMID- 802863 TI - The use of furosemide in the postoperative management of prostatectomy: a prospective investigation. AB - We estimated the effect of forced diuresis in the postoperative management of prostatectomy in a prospective, controlled clinical investigation. The need for bladder irrigation in a group of patients treated with furosemide is compared to that in a group not treated with this drug. The chi-square test showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Therefore, there is no indication for furosemide in the postoperative management of patients subjected to prostatectomy. PMID- 802864 TI - Leiomyoma of the ureter in a child: the first reported case. PMID- 802865 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the bladder in a boy. AB - The first case of adenocarcinoma of the bladder in a boy is described. Clinically, there were red friable granular areas over an exstrophic bladder. Multiple bladder biopsies revealed adenocarcinoma, which was treated with total cystoprostatectomy, ureterosigmoidostomy and reconstruction of the epispadias with a good result. In view of the early malignant change in an exstrophic bladder it is advantageous to perform multiple bladder biopsies, especially in older children before undertaking surgical treatment. These biopsies would help to detect the early malignant change and determine the plan of treatment. PMID- 802866 TI - Polyorchidism. PMID- 802867 TI - Symposium: Methods of reconstruction in tympanoplasty. II. Maintenance of the anterior sulcus-tympanic membrane relationships in tympanoplastic surgery. AB - A technique for closure of tympanic membrane perforation which preserves the normal anterior sulcus-tympanic membrane relationships is described. This underlay fixation technique provides a high graft take, good conization of the drum, prevention of lateralization of the reconstructed drum and elimination of tenting or blunting of the anterior sulcus. The reconstructed tympanic membrane presents a near normal appearance with good physiological and acoustic properties. PMID- 802868 TI - Directory of Otolaryngologic Societies. PMID- 802869 TI - Turnover of plasma proteins. PMID- 802870 TI - Radioimmunoassay of IgE and IgE antibody and its clinical application. PMID- 802871 TI - Activation of complement in relation to disease. PMID- 802872 TI - Protein analyses in myelomatosis. PMID- 802873 TI - IgM paraproteins. PMID- 802874 TI - Benign paraproteinaemias. PMID- 802875 TI - Immunoglobulin formation in B lymphoid cells. AB - A considerable amount is known about Ig biosynthesis by mature plasma cells, which form large amounts of Ig for secretion from the cell. A brief summary is given of the formation of light (L) and heavy (H) chains by polyribosomes aligned on the endoplasmic reticulum and the rapid assembly of the chains into 7S molecules (H2L2) by disulphide bonding. There is a time-ordered secretion from the cell of 7S Ig molecules; the polymeric forms of Ig, ie, IgM and IgA, are formed from monomers by disulphide bond interchange and J chain incorporation at the time of secretion. Myeloma cells from mouse and man have proved very useful in this type of study but such malignant cells show many defects in regulatory mechanisms; therefore, no conclusions can be drawn about normal control mechanisms without analysis of lymphoid tissues from normal or immunized animals. The pattern of Ig synthesis by the mature cell contrasts with that by small B lymphocytes which form 1/50 to 1/100 the amount of Ig produced by mature cells. Most of the small lymphocyte Ig is associated with the cell surface, and in IgM producing cells the surface receptors are 7S monomer subunits of IgM. Such receptors turn over slowly (24-48 hours); they may be gradually shed from the cell surface but the small lymphocyte does not actively secrete Ig. Antigen- and cell-cell interactions stimulate small B lymphocytes to divide and mature into Ig secreting cells. Little is known about the associated intracellular events, but preliminary data on lipopolysaccaride-stimulated mouse spleen cells indicate that transcription of m-RNA for H-chain mirrors the kinetics of DNA synthesis. A translational block then occurs during cell maturation and there is a lag of at least 24 hours before Ig production rises sharply and reaches peak levels. PMID- 802876 TI - Immune deficiency diseases. PMID- 802878 TI - Possibilities of correction of stereotaxic coordinates by different skull's sizes of laboratory animals. PMID- 802879 TI - Problems of stereotaxic operations in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 802877 TI - Variations of immunoglobulins in disease. PMID- 802880 TI - Cystic fibrosis--immunological reactions to A. fumigatus and common allergens. AB - Immunological studies of forty-three patients with cystic fibrosis showed that positive prick tests to at least one common allergen were obtained in 70%, to multiple allergens in 28% and to A. fumigatus in 50%. Specific IgE antibodies against these allergens were found in the appropriate subjects. In spite of this evidence of type 1, IgE, sensitization none of the patients had a history of infantile eczema. Intracutaneous tests with A. fumigatus extract gave types 1 and 3 reactions in sixteen patients (37%), only seven of whom were among the sixteen (37%) who gave positive precipitin tests. Raised levels of total serum IgG and IgA were found as compared with healthy controls and asthmatic subjects. No differences were found in total serum IgM and IgD levels. The high incidence of allergy to A. fumigatus in cystic fibrosis is confirmed. PMID- 802881 TI - Congenital absence of the vagina. A clinical, histological and histochemical study on 17 patients with graft-constructed vaginas. AB - During a ten-year period 17 patients with total congenital absence of the vagina were treated by a split-skin inlay grafting technique. The average age at the time of operation was 21 years. Associated malformations, mostly afflicting the urinary tract, were found in 9 patients. The skin graft was applied on a perforated hollow acrylic mould, 12 cm long and 4 cm in diameter. The acrylic mould was removed on the tenth day and a soft silicon mould was then utilized for at least 6 months. The mean hospitalization time was 28 days. The grafts took completely in 11/17 patients and in the remaining cases the take averaged 80%. There was no major complication, such as fistulas, in the series. With the exception of two patients with male hermaphroditism all patients were contented with the operation and stated that they had a satisfactory sex-life. In 9/17 patients, a closer follow-up including a biopsy was made. The average depth of the vaginas was 8 cm (range, 6 to 10 cm), and the average diameter 3 cm (range 2.5 to 4 cm). The histological studies consistently showed that the original skin morphology was maintained in the recipient site. PMID- 802882 TI - The use of collagen film (Cutycol) as a dressing for donor areas in split skin grafting. AB - In this investigation sterile collagen film has been used as a dressing for 55 donor areas. The two aims of our study were to find out whether this film could be used as a dressing and whether the film which was applied at the time of surgery could be used as the only dressing before complete healing was achieved. The results were good in 56% of the cases and fair in 20%. It was noted that local pre-treatment with epinephrine gave better results. If only small or medium sized donor areas were included the results were even better. This is probably because the film in larger donor areas could slip away leaving the donor site more or less exposed. The results are encouraging in two important aspects: The donor sites were not painful and the nursing staff could reduce or eliminate time consuming work with frequent dressings. PMID- 802883 TI - Thrombophlebitis and cancer. A review. AB - Thrombophlebitis has been associated with virtually all cancers, especially gastrointestinal, urogenital, and lung neoplasms. Although occurring infrequently in cancer patients, thrombophlebitis may appear before the cancer has become symptomatic and may lead to an earlier diagnosis of cancer. The phlebitic syndrome associated with cancer, although not unique, is distinctive. It is often recurrent and migratory, often involves unusual locations, and is often resistant to anticoagulation therapy. Pulmonary emboli are frequent complications. The pathogenesis of phlebitis in cancer patients is not well understood. Evidence suggests that many cancer patients are hypercoagulable, with abnormalities in platelets, coagulation factors, and the fibrinolytic system. These changes may results from the elaboration of thromboplastin-like substances from the cancer tissue. PMID- 802884 TI - Relaxation and biofeedback techniques in the management of hypertension. AB - In a controlled trial, 27 patients with systemic hypertension were given training in relaxation and meditation using biofeedback procedures. As a result there was a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressure in 77% of the patients. In 50% of the patients it was also possible to reduce antihypertensive drugs, ranging from 33 to 100%. Six-month follow up results show that the benefit can be maintained for a long term provided the patients practice relaxation regularly. The response is unlikely to be a "placebo effect" in the usual meaning. Its genuine therapeutic value should be exploited and reevaluated on a larger scale. PMID- 802885 TI - The problem of the moderate to severe hypertensive patient. PMID- 802886 TI - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the initiation of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 802887 TI - Diagnostic procedures of the skin. Part two: Skin biopsy and other tests. AB - The diagnosis of skin lesions involves the same principles and approaches required for other clinical problems. "Shotgun" therapy based on visual recognition alone is not an adequate clinical approach. A pertinent history and careful physical examination, supplemented by carefully selected diagnostic procedures, is usually necessary for skin diseases. The indications, limitations, interpretation, and techniques of diagnostic procedures must be well understood to obtain reliable and useful information. The selection of the specific method of skin biopsy, for example, may be based on cosmetic considerations, location and nature of the lesion, and the physician's understanding of the biology and histopathology of the suspected diagnosis. This is the second paper in a two-part series dealing with diagnostic procedures of the skin. Various kinds of skin biopsy, touch imprints, the Tzanck smear, and immunofluorescent studies are described as they relate to the everyday practice of the family physician. PMID- 802888 TI - Organ preservation. PMID- 802889 TI - Clinical and experimental organ transplantation. PMID- 802890 TI - Clinical and experimental organ transplantation. Immunological aspects. PMID- 802891 TI - Histocompatibility genes and transplantation antigens. Role in human transplantation and susceptibility to disease. PMID- 802892 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 802893 TI - Thallium antagonism toward potassium dependent systems. AB - When a number of Group 1A chlorides were added to yeast solutions which were inhibited by 20 mM Tl+, the greatest restorative effect was shown by KCl, with a lesser effect by NH4Cl. Sodium, rubidium and cesium chlorides had no significant effect on Tl+-inhibited CO2 production, and lithium chloride inhibited the system even further. Removal of potassium ions by dialysis reduced CO2 production by about 70% and the restorative effect of potassium was markedly reduced when this ion was added in the presence of thallium. PMID- 802894 TI - Development and evaluation of use of cholecystokinin in the diagnosis of acalculous gallbladder disease. AB - The need to differentiate patients with acalculous gallbladder disease who would benefit from cholecystectomy and those who would not led to the search for a procedure that would be of value in this respect. For this purpose, cholecystokinin (CCK) has been used, and many reports have indicated that CCK does identify patients in whom the gallbladder is the source of pain. A review of papers dealing with CCK as a diagnostic aid suggests, however, that some radiographic evaluations have not been subjected to adequate, unbiased interpretation and that some follow-up studies have been incomplete and of short duration. Despite these objections there is evidence that CCK can be useful as a diagnostic aid, and further, continued, well-designed studies are indicated. PMID- 802895 TI - Vasopressor substances in normal and abnormal pregnancy. PMID- 802896 TI - Role of infection in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 802897 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension]. PMID- 802898 TI - [2 cases of primary sarcoma of the heart]. AB - Two cases of sarcoma of the heart, one of them being a round cell sarcoma, the other a rhabdomyosarcoma with fibrosarcomatous areas, are discussed. Studies of the histologic type, age and sex distribution, localization, general mode of growth and metastatic growth were made by reference to 225 cases reported in the international literature. Pertinent references are obtainable from the authors upon request. Results are presented in diagrams and tables. PMID- 802899 TI - [X-ray examination of Crohn disease]. PMID- 802900 TI - [Conservative therapy of regional enteritis (Crohn disease)]. PMID- 802901 TI - [Surgery of Crohn disease]. PMID- 802902 TI - [Medullary sponge kidney]. AB - Medullary sponge kidney is described and discussed with special reference to the radiological picture; its status among cystic diseases of the kidney and its differential diagnosis are examined in detail, as are its relations with nephrocalcinosis and distal tubular acidosis of the kidney. X-ray of numerous cases are given. PMID- 802903 TI - [Radiological picture of childhood uropathies]. AB - The most frequent and important radiological pictures of infant obstructive uropathies are described and discussed, and examples from the personal series given. PMID- 802904 TI - [The small kidney]. AB - The diseases capable of giving rise to congenital or acquired small kidney are examined, together with their pathogenesis and radiological pictures. Various examples are presented of each form. PMID- 802905 TI - [Urography in the diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency. I. Urographic study]. AB - Reviewing urography in chronic renal failure, questions of patient preparation, the choice of a contrast medium and its dose, radiological technique, complications, and limitations and contraindications of the examination are discussed. PMID- 802907 TI - [Echographic and urographic findings in a case of liquid renal calculosis]. PMID- 802906 TI - [Urography in the diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency. II. The radiological pictures]. AB - Following a discussion of individual symptomatological findings, urographical patterns obtained in the various disease conditions capable of causing chronic renal failure are examined. A number of cases are presented by way of example. PMID- 802908 TI - [Use of ceruletide in oral cholecystography]. AB - Ceruletide in a dose of 0.25 microgram/kg of body weight intramuscular has been used for cholecystokinetic purposes during oral cholecystography in 42 patients. Results were favourable and trouble-free. Radiographs of 7 cases are presented. PMID- 802909 TI - [Extrinsic cervico-urethral obstructions in childhood]. AB - The various possible causes of cervico-urethral obstruction in infancy are reviewed and the radiological pictures of each discussed and illustrated by a personal series. PMID- 802910 TI - [Evaluation of radiological studies useful in the staging of lymphomas]. PMID- 802911 TI - [Critical review of the complications of lymphography]. AB - The literature and 552 personal cases are surveyed in an account of the complications associated with direct adenolymphography. The radiographical pictures of several cases are also presented. PMID- 802912 TI - [Diagnosis and histopathologic classification of malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 802913 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of malignant lymphomas at a supradiaphragmatic site]. AB - The possibility of a radiological diagnosis of supradiaphragmatic localizations of malignant lymphoma are discussed, with particular reference to the employment of special techniques: xeroradiography, bronchography, selective arteriography. A number of examples are presented in detail. PMID- 802914 TI - [Arteriography of the celiac tripod in lymphomas. Critical evaluation]. AB - The possible contribution of arteriography of the coeliac tripod to lymphoma staging is discussed with special regard to the demonstration of spleen and liver involvement; as regards the former, caution is advised owing to the chance of errors of interpretation; as for the latter, mention is made of the possibility of demonstrating infiltrations of the liver and stenosis of the hepatic artery due to lymphnode involvement that cannot be shown up by laparotomy. PMID- 802915 TI - [Our experience with the subject of lymphography applied to the study of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - The role of lymphography in the staging of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. Structural changes in lymph nodes are analysed in the elaboration of basic terms for lymphographic symptomatology. PMID- 802916 TI - [Current role of lymphography in the study of systemic lymphatic diseases]. AB - The usefulness and reliability of lymphography for staging purposes in Hodgkin's disease are discussed with reference to a personal series. PMID- 802917 TI - [Radioisotopes in the study of malignant lymphomas]. AB - A personal series is referred to in a discussion of the possibilities and limitations of radioisotope techniques, in the detection of lymphomatous sites. PMID- 802918 TI - [Thermography in lymphomas]. AB - Thermography was carried out in 28 cases of lymphomas of the superficial lymphnodes. Hyperthermia of lymphnodes that are the site of an active lymphomatous process and its arrest following effective, especially radio, therapy has been confirmed. PMID- 802919 TI - [Possibilities and current indications of abdominal echography in lymphomas]. AB - Abdominal echography was found useful for the detection of lymphnode swellings in 29 cases of malignant lymphoma and 6 of seminoma. PMID- 802920 TI - [Surgery in the diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment of malignant lymphomas]. AB - Surgical problems of diagnosis, staging and interdisciplinary therapy of malignant lymphomas are reviewed with special reference to diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy and abdominal biopsies. PMID- 802921 TI - [Radiotherapy of lymphomas. Clinical classification, radiotherapy planning and indications]. AB - The staging of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphomas is discussed with reference to the treatment plan indicated for each stage and the problems associated with radiotherapy. PMID- 802922 TI - [Behavior of gastrin, renin, aldosterone and electrolytes after administration of deglycyrrhizinized liquorice and carbenoxolone in healthy subjects]. AB - We found that renin and aldosterone values do not drop except when administering Carbenoxolone. The significant rise of sodium (11) in the serum and the drop of the serum-potassium values are probably responsible for the undesirable Carbenoxolone side effects; they occur following the administration of deglycyrrhizinized succus. The rise of post-prandial gastrin in the serum of the above as compared to the values obtained from untreated controls is common to both. PMID- 802923 TI - [Effects of endotoxinemia on renal and intrarenal hemodynamics of rats with or without portacaval anastomosis]. AB - Renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is frequent especially in connection with endotoxaemia. Renal and intrarenal haemodynamics were investigated, therefore, in normal rats with or without portacaval anastomosis (PCA) by means of the cardiac output (CO) fractionation technique using microspheres. The intrarenal blood distribution was estimated after anatomical separation of renal cortex and medulla. In normal rats the total renal fraction of CO was 22.5 +/- 7.2%, and the renal medulla fraction 0.8 +/- 0.4% of CO. After a single injection of E. coli-endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg b.w.) the animals developed a high-cardiac-output state, the mean arterial pressure decreased from 110 +/- 15 mm Hg to 81 +/- 6 mm Hg. Renal fraction of CO was unaltered but the blood flow through the kidney was increased due to the high CO. The blood flow of the medulla increased five to tenfold of control values whereas renal cortical blood flow decreased. During the first eight hours after endotoxin administration the animals developed polyuria with a decrease of urine osmolality. Comparable systemic and renal haemodynamics were present in untreated PCA-rats, in which endotoxaemia was present spontaneously (Limulus Gelation Test). Additional endotoxin administration in these animals caused severe shock syndrome with a decrease in total renal perfusion and a further decrease in renal cortical blood flow. Endotoxin administration in normal rats caused minimal morphological alterations in the kidneys which were comparable with those found in PCA-rats. Endotoxin administration in PCA-rats however leads to severe damage of the kidney with fibrin deposits in the glomerula and acute tubular necroses. The haemodynamic, functional and morphological changes caused by endotoxin in the experiments are observed in principle in patients with cirrhosis of the liver too. This indicates that endotoxin should be taken into considerations concerning the pathogenesis of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 802924 TI - [Current status of liver transplantation. Clinical and experimental studies. Microsurgery]. AB - Special problems of liver transplantation were discussed on results and experiences in clinical and experimental transplantation during the last two decades. Heterotopic auxiliary transplantation in animals especially in rats by means of microsurgical techniques were pointed out. Although more than 200 orthotopic transplantations had been carried out, this procedure is still in clinical trial. Heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation had been done almost exclusively in research with disappointing results in the early phase and different results later on. In the last years the indication for orthotopic liver transplantation was reduced to benign liver diseases with severe follow-up, originally a field for heterotopic auxiliary transplantation. In future many problems, e.g. on preservation and blood supply, regeneration and rejection or biochemical function of liver grafts must be studied in clinic and research. PMID- 802925 TI - Deep vein thrombosis treated with streptokinase or heparin. Follow-up of a randomized study. AB - Twenty-seven patients with deep vein thrombosis whose primary therapy was randomized between streptokinase and heparin were reevaluated clinically and by ascending venography after a mean period of 7 months. Normal venograms were found in 6 (40%) of the streptokinase-treated patients and in 1 patient (8%) who had heparin therapy. Segmental valve preservation was found in 1 patient from each group. All patients with complete or partial valve preservation became asymptomatic. Vein recanalization without preservation of valves occurred in 18 patients: 8 (54%) of those on streptokinase, and 10 (83%) of those on heparin. At the time of follow-up, 11 of these 18 patients, including 8 who had had prior thrombosis, reported peripheral edema; the postphlebitic syndrome developed in 1. Factors favoring a good outcome of acute venous thrombosis were (1) no prior thrombotic disease, (2) localized thrombosis, and (3) prompt streptokinase therapy. PMID- 802926 TI - A double-blind study of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in an outpatient population of moderate hypertensives. PMID- 802927 TI - High cardiac output hypertensions. AB - Hyperkinetic circulation, as it is related to the clinical hypertensive diseases, is defined and its implications interpreted. These pathophysiological considerations have an important bearing in understanding the pressor mechanisms underlying hypertension and the application of therapy. Another very important consideration is the value of elucidating the mechanisms for the hyperdynamic circulation, for with a clearer understanding of these, we shall come closer to an explanation of the pathogenesis of hypertension. PMID- 802928 TI - Experimental intraocular nocardiosis. AB - We attempted to produce intraocular nocardiosis in rabbits. The clinical features and evolution of the disease and the role of corticosteroids was observed. N. asteroides suspension when injected into the anterior chamber produced a self limited nodular iridocyclitis. Local or systemic corticosteroids produced a severe anterior uveitis and progressive endophthalmitis. The organisms could be demonstrated from aqueous smears at the time of enucleation. When the suspension was injected into the vitreous cavity, it produced endophthalmitis. Local or systemic corticosteroids administration suppressed the anterior uveal inflammation and produced a purulent subconjunctival granuloma. PMID- 802929 TI - Leucocyte migration test in patients after corneal transplantation. AB - Twenty-four patients with corneal homografts were repeatedly evaluated by the leucocyte migration test using pooled human corneal extract 0.2 mg/ml as antigen. All patients were treated with small doses of local or systemic steroids. If cloudiness of the graft developed, the doses were increased up to 40 mg methylprednisolone or 48 mg triamcinolone daily. Before transplantation, two patients showed inhibition of leucocyte migration. During the third postoperative week seventeen responded with migration inhibition. The grafts remained clear in all but one patient during this period of time. After the second postoperative month, leucocyte migration inhibition was found in none of sixteen patients whose grafts remained clear. Three of seven patients with late graft rejection exhibited migration inhibition and in two of them this response was demonstrated repeatedly several months prior to the clinical reaction. These findings suggest that the test may predict graft failure in some patients. PMID- 802930 TI - Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and juvenile glaucoma: a case report and brief review of the literature. AB - A family with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy is presented that includes a child with juvenile glaucoma. A review of the literature reveals an increased incidence of juvenile glaucoma associated with this dystrophy. It is of practical importance that the dystrophy be recognized and glaucoma be ruled out as the latter is asymptomatic in the infant. PMID- 802931 TI - Behavioral effects of children's nearpoint lenses. AB - Procedures in clinical optometry include the therapeutic and preventive use of lenses for the express purpose of favorably modifying visual behavior in nearpoint activities, especially for children. The research bases for such procedures have been greatly elaborated in recent years. Research evidence now exists to clarify some of the actual effects of lenses upon behavior, indicating possible ways of explaining the underlying mechanisms or processes of such effects, while further suggesting clinical techniques for the appropriate diagnostic determination of nearpoint lens prescriptions. PMID- 802932 TI - A preventive approach to vision care emphasizing detection and treatment in early life. AB - This paper examines the evidence available in vision literature which provides a basis for preventive activities. Those areas where prevention may be possible and the procedures to be applied so as to effect prevention are discussed. The article suggests that definitive proof for prevention may result if practitioners carry out careful evaluations of the recommended preventive procedures and make the results available to their colleagues. PMID- 802933 TI - The development of the training and qualification of the British Optician. AB - The following paper which was prepared for an International Optical gathering outlines very briefly the historical development of the optician and the optical profession in the United Kingdom. It also breifly describes the part played by the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, founded by Royal Charter in 1629, and which still retains a very close connection with optics--one of the few City Livery Companies still to be closely allied to its "original purpose in life." The Company still strives to further "optics" in all its many fields. PMID- 802934 TI - Reginald C. Augustine. Apostle of optometry. AB - This paper concerns itself with the personal life and professional contributions of one of the great men in optometry, R. C. Augustine. This short biography includes discussions on his childhood, his introduction to the field of optometry, his early contributions in his community, his book, his achievements during the presidency of the American Optometric Association and also his extension work the following two years. In summation, a discussion of his professional philosophy will follow. PMID- 802935 TI - The future of optometric practice. PMID- 802936 TI - American Optometric Association Delphi Program. Future of optometric practice. PMID- 802938 TI - Characteristic of binocular vision found for presbyopic patients wearing single vision contact lenses. AB - This paper describes how to prescribe single vision contact lenses to correct presbyopia. Although the method is contrary to the principles of optometry, the results are favorable and binocular vision exists for many patients. PMID- 802937 TI - Investigation by immunofluorescence of arterial lesions in rabbits on two different lipid supplements and treated with pyridinol carbamate. AB - Rabbits maintained on a pellet diet supplemented with cholesterol, or on a semi synthetic diet containing beef fat but no added cholesterol, have been studied in relation to their development of hyperlipidaemia and of lipid-filled arterial lesions. The influence of pyridinol carbamate on animals on both diets was also examined but found to produce no significant effect. Animals on both diets developed a hyperlipoproteinaemia. In cholesterol-fed animals this developed quickly, became gross, and was characterized by the presence of an anomalous lipoprotein of very low density, large molecular size and abnormally high cholesterol content. Beef fat fed animals showed a more moderate hyperlipidaemia which developed more slowly and the lipoproteins qualitatively resembled those in normal rabbits. Differences in the rate and severity of development of aortic lesions between the two different dietary supplements were found to reflect differences in the duration and intensity of hyperlipoproteinaemia between the groups. Arterial lesions in cholesterol-fed animals were more extensive and contained larger numbers of fat-filled cells than those in beef fat-fed animals. Comparisons were made (in many cases on the identical section) between lesions treated with a fluorescein labelled antiserum to total rabbit serum low density lipoproteins (TLDL) and with a conventional lipid stain. Precise agreement was found between the distribution of lipid reacting with Oil red 0 and specific fluorescence for TLDL in endothelial cells, in extracellular deposits in the intimal ground-substance and in medial smooth muscle cells. But fat-filled cells in the intima and in reticulo-endothelial tissue showed variable immunofluorescent reactivity. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed. Agreement between the distribution of conventional lipid staining and specific immunofluorescence for TLDL was also found in extracellularly distributed material in arterioles and smaller vessels at certain sites. It is suggested that these results establish that rabbit TLDL serve as the vehicles transporting lipid into the experimental lesions, just as the homologous human lipoproteins do in human atherosclerosis. PMID- 802939 TI - [What is "suspected side effect"?]. PMID- 802940 TI - [Clinical evaluation of external drugs]. PMID- 802941 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of psychotropic drugs with automated ECG processing]. PMID- 802942 TI - [The Heidelberg study--a trial for the clinical evaluation of psychotropic drugs with established physicians using a multidimensional data form]. PMID- 802943 TI - [The Vienna general medical information system from the viewpoint of the clinician]. PMID- 802944 TI - [Sociogenetic conclusions in the area of substance dependence]. PMID- 802945 TI - [The Germany Institute of Medical Documentation and Information retrieval system]. PMID- 802946 TI - [Presentation of an operational system for online collection and evaluation of data within the scope of drug trials and the detection of side effects]. PMID- 802947 TI - [Anti-DNA antibodies]. PMID- 802948 TI - [Lysozyme in nephrology and hematology]. PMID- 802949 TI - [Osmolarity, osmolality, hypo- and hyperosmolar syndromes]. PMID- 802950 TI - [The spread of Salmonella]. PMID- 802951 TI - [Possibility of therapeutical treatment in aminoacidopathies]. PMID- 802952 TI - [Salt and hypertension]. PMID- 802953 TI - [Thymosin]. PMID- 802954 TI - [Platelet transfusions]. PMID- 802955 TI - [Transfusions of leukocyte concentrates]. PMID- 802956 TI - [Pathology of the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils]. PMID- 802957 TI - [The process of neoplastic metastasis and its possible control]. PMID- 802958 TI - Defining borderline patients: an overview. AB - This review of the descriptive literature on borderline patients indicates that accounts of such patients vary depending upon who is describing them, in what context, how the samples are selected, and what data are collected. The authors identify six features that provide a rational means for diagnosing borderline patients during an initial interview: the presence of intense affect, usually depressive or hostile; a history of impulsive behavior; a certain social adaptiveness; brief psychotic experiences; loose thinking in unstructured situations; and relationships that vacillate between transient superficiality and intense dependency. Reliable identification of these patients will permit better treatment planning and clinical research. PMID- 802959 TI - Psychoemotional aspects of mastectomy: a review of recent literature. AB - The author reviews the recent literature on the psychological aspects of mastectomy, including psychological reactions to the procedure and appropriate intervention strategies. He discusses individual and familial fears and concerns related to mastectomy and emphasizes the importance of preoperative counseling and postoperative rehabilitation. PMID- 802960 TI - New perspectives in psychiatry in the Veterans Administration. AB - In 1972, the mental health services in the Veterans Administration were reorganized in a manner designed to increase the probability of interdisciplinary collaboration. VA hospitals were urged to form multidisciplinary mental health committees to advise on local programs and practices. This "corporate" approach has led to significant changes in the use of staff and in the physical and psychological environment in some hospitals. While it is too early to evaluate the full impact of the changes on patient care, waiting lists have been reduced and length of hospital stay has decreased. PMID- 802961 TI - [Closed commissurotomy of the mitral valve]. PMID- 802962 TI - [Rhythm and conduction disorders in familial myocardiopathy]. AB - Families of eight patients with the diagnosis of familiar cardiomyopathy were reviewed. It was possible to study 121 persons, 64 examined in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, and 57 through indirect questioning. It was found that in each of the families some disturbance in rhythm or conduction predominated. The evolution among the members of each family was similar, but was different in comparison with the other families. Those patients which presented complete A-V block died before 30 years of age, the majority of sudden death. The disturbances in rhythm or conduction most frequently observed were: complete A-V block, premature ventricular beats, lengthening of the Q-T, incomplete left bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome, premature supraventricular beats, incomplete right bundle branch block, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. It can be concluded that: 1) familiar cardiomyopathy is, in reality, a group of distinct illnesses, with a genetic base; 2) the variability of the clinical findings, electrocardiography, and the evolution, depends on the particular type to which a given case corresponds; 3) it is possible that other varieties of familiar cardiomyopathy exist. PMID- 802963 TI - [Importance of the systemicopulmonary collateral arterial circulation in congenital cardiopathies]. AB - This paper manifests the importance of the systemic-pulmonary collateral circulation in congenital heart diseases. It shows that through the angiographic and hemodynamic study you should recognize the number, origin, course, and size of each of these arteries because during the corrective surgical treatment of certain types of heart diseases, these arteries should be tied off to prevent cardiac overload during the procedure and to prevent intrapulmonary short circuits from left to right in the postoperative period. The knowledge of the central and peripheral pulmonary arteries is important and because of this it should be remembered that the area of the section of the pulmonary arteries, right to left, together should be at least the equivalent of half of the area of the section of the aorta in its diaphragmatic level, the diameter which permits an acceptable cardiac output after the intervention. If the arteries are adequate a plan of surgical intervention which permits the control of the collateral systemic-pulmonary great arteries should be drawn up. PMID- 802964 TI - [Levogram in congenital cardiopathies. Its practical usefulness in newborn infants and small children given its low risk]. AB - Four hundred and fifty six angiocardiograms were studied to evaluate the validity of levogram for diagnosis. They were separated in three groups: 1. Right angiocardiogram with a levogram. 2. Right angiocardiogram and left angiocardiogram. 3. Left angiocardiogram only. The distribution according to age, and type of heart disease is shown. The correlation between levogram and left angiocardiogram was looked for. The findings at survey were correlated with the angiocardiographic diagnosis and a high correlation was established. The usefulness of this procedure to diagnose specific type of heart disease in the small child is emphasized. PMID- 802965 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 802966 TI - Infective disorders causing diarrhoea. PMID- 802967 TI - Primary care and the prevention of psychiatric disorder: family planning, antenatal care and childbirth. PMID- 802968 TI - The relevance of China. PMID- 802969 TI - Vaginitis. PMID- 802970 TI - The chair of community practice. PMID- 802971 TI - A normative study of children's performance on the short form of the Token Test. AB - Spellacy and Spreen's Short Form of the Token Test was administered to 240 normal middle-class children, 20 in each of 12 half-year age groups from 6.0-6.5 through 11.6-11.11. Results of their performance on this test indicate that there are only slight differences between any of the 12 age groups investigated. The findings of this investigation provide normative data on children's performance on the Short Form of the Token Test, information that should be very useful in screening procedures for assessment of receptive language skills in children. PMID- 802972 TI - The use of representational prompts in aphasia therapy. AB - The uses of representational prompts, which have received little specific attention in the literature of aphasia therapy, are discussed in this paper. A representational prompt is one that represents the concept pinpointed in the naming or matching response the prompt is intended to help elicit. It may fall into either of two major categories: symbolic, as in the form of a written word or realistic, as in the form of an object or picture. A number of examples are described that were clinically utilized by the authors within the framework of operant behavior principles, and a tentative outline is presented suggestive of the variety of such prompts that can be adapted to the precise and varying needs of the patient. PMID- 802973 TI - Performance of aphasic and nonaphasic children on a sentence repetition task. AB - Aphasic and nonaphasic subjects repeated 24 sentences that varied according to grammatical complexity of the auxiliary. The results revealed that the repetition behavior of both groups was influenced by grammatical complexity. Sentences containing two or three optional auxiliary elements were more difficult to repeat than sentences with one or no optional auxiliary element. Similar patterns of repetition errors were observed in the responses of both groups. These findings suggest that grammatical complexity as well as length influence the retention span of aphasic children. PMID- 802974 TI - The effects of pause time on auditory comprehension of aphasic subjects. AB - Aphasic subjects performed a modified version of the Token Test, in which 5 sec pauses were placed at various points in some of the spoken commands in the test. Insertion of pauses generally resulted in substantial improvements in the subjects' ability to carry out the commands. The location of the pauses in the commands did not appear to substantially affect subjects' performance. The results suggest that an insertion of a 5 sec pause may facilitate processing of color, size, and shape information, but not processing of locational or relational information. PMID- 802975 TI - The effect of oral sensory deprivation on stuttering behavior. AB - To assess the role of oral sensation in the execution of a stuttering moment, six adult male stutterers, ranging in severity, provided samples of spontaneous speech in three experimental conditions: control, anesthetic, and placebo. In the anesthetic condition, sensory deprivation of the oral cavity was achieved by means of a series of nerve-block injections. The placebo condition involved insertions of a hypodermic needle but no anesthetic solution was injected. The speech samples were analyzed for frequency of stuttering by dysfluency type. In addition, severity ratings were made for all identified dysfluencies. The results indicated that oral sensory deprivation was associated with a significant increase in the frequency and severity of stuttering. This effect was particularly evident in the class of dysfluencies termed "prolonged articulatory postures." The results for the control and placebo conditions were not observed to differ. These findings were interpreted as evidence of both open-loop and feedback-dependent regulation processes during the moment of stuttering. PMID- 802976 TI - Some phonemic characteristics in apraxia of speech. AB - The articulatory performance of 13 left hemisphere-damaged adults who presented apraxia of speech was tabulated on confusion matrices and analyzed according to error pattern. Consonants were more susceptible to error than were vowels, as were consonant clusters when compared to single consonants. No significant differences existed among error percentages for the initial, medial, and final positions. When errors were analyzed according to manner of production, affricatives and fricatives were significantly more susceptible to error than all others. Analysis of errors according to place of production revealed lingua alveolar and bilabial phonemes to be significantly less impaired than all other categories. No differences were found in error percentages of voiced and unvoiced phonemes. The sequential nature of substitution errors was further analyzed by tallying and classifying errors as anticipatory (prepositioning), reiterative (postpositioning), or metathesis. Seven percent of the substitution errors in this study were sequential, with anticipatory errors outnumbering reiterative errors by a ratio of 6 to 1. Feature analysis of substitutions to determine distance from the target sound revealed that 38% of the substitutions were defective in two or more features. Some of these subjectively bore little resemblance to the target sound. PMID- 802977 TI - Speech changes in Parkinson's disease during treatment with L-dopa. AB - The speech of 17 Parkinsonian patients was evaluated before and after the administration of L-DOPA therapy. A significant difference was demonstrated after treatment for voice quality, articulation, and pitch variation, but not for rate of speech. Amount of speech improvement correlated significantly with amount of physical improvement. Although age and duration of disease may exert some influence on speech change, the results suggest that these factors do not reliably predict the response. After 4 years of L-DOPA therapy, three out of four patients demonstrated additional improvement or the same degree of speech improvement. PMID- 802978 TI - Influence of certain clinical variables on black preschoolers' nonstandard phonological and grammatical performance. AB - The influence of socioeconomic background, sex, and clinicians' race on the frequency of implementation of nonstandard phonological and grammatical structures was examined in 72 black preschoolers. In order to generalize findings to typical clinical settings, language samples were elicited by 3 black and 3 white clinicians using spontaneous, paragraph completion, and sentence repetition procedures. Results showed that socioeconomic status and sex had a strong effect on black children's usage of nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms. More striking, data suggested that the beginnings of a bidialectal capability were identifiable in the clinical setting in four- and five-year-old black children. Discriminant analysis detailed those nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms which contributed to dialect differences between lower and middle socioeconomic black children. PMID- 802979 TI - Electroacoustic contingency management of the acoustic spectra of speech. AB - Three studies involving the manipulation of the acoustic spectrum of speech are described. An array of electronic equipment was set up which signaled the presence or absence of certain frequency characteristics of speech. Subjects (Ss) were given feedback for production of speech containing targeted frequencies. The studies demonstrated that acoustic spectrum is amenable to modification by electroacoustic contingency management. It was indicated that the modified spectra are predictable and related to the phonetic structure of the language. Also, it was demonstrated that a sequence of spectra could be modified. PMID- 802980 TI - Basal pitch and frequency level variation in male and female children: a preliminary investigation. AB - Measurements of basal pitch and frequency level were determined for fifteen normal speaking school-aged children on each of two consecutive days during three time periods each day. The results indicated that as a group, the male children's basal pitch and frequency levels did not change significantly within and across days. Variability in basal pitch levels for individual male children ranged from zero to two semitones from day to day and within time periods on one day. Female children, as a group, showed basal frequency variations across days. On the second day, the female group showed a statistically significant increase in basal frequency at noon followed by a frequency decrease in the afternoon. Basal pitch levels for individual female subjects varied as much as four semitones across days and as much as three semitones from time to time on a single day. Further re evaluation of the techniques for determining basal pitch and frequency level means and variability in regard to optimum pitch selection for school-aged children appears warranted. PMID- 802981 TI - Reliability of sidetone amplification effect in vocal intensity. AB - When the auditory feedback of a speaker's own voice is amplified the speaker reasonably tends to lower his voice. The reliability of this so called sidetone amplification effect was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment feedback was modulated gradually during a session. In the second experiment the sidetone amplification effect was assessed over five successive days of testing. In both experiments the sidetone effect was very stable despite rather different eliciting conditions. PMID- 802982 TI - Children's articulatory and auditory awareness of differences between vowel sounds. AB - Thirty-four normal 4th grade children were asked to nonverbally describe tongue positions for American vowels in terms of tongue height and tongue advancement. The same children then rated all pairs of vowels in terms of perceptual similarity. Results indicate that children are unable to provide an articulatory description of vowels in terms of conventional phonetic descriptors, but they perform in an adult-like fashion when they perceptually sort out differences in vowel quality perceived auditorily between paired vowels. PMID- 802983 TI - Verbalizable knowledge of certain speech articulations. AB - Normal Ss' verbalizable knowledge of articulator positions for selected speech sounds was probed by using a battery of yes/no questions. Answers showed that 91 college students had substantial knowledge of those articulations which are either visible and/or productive of strong tactile sensation that can be used during the sub-vocal articulation Ss performed before answering the questions. PMID- 802984 TI - The relationship between articulation disorders and self-monitoring auditory discrimination. PMID- 802985 TI - The semantic structure in deaf children. AB - The investigation proposed to qualify the semantic structure of the language of 33 deaf children utilizing the semantic differential procedure. The ratings of the deaf children were analyzed using factor analysis. The results revealed that the semantic system of the deaf children contained the Evaluation and Potency dimensions evident in the semantic systems of normal hearing children as reported by DiVesta (1966). Several other factors reliably demonstrated by others to be included in the meaning systems of normal hearing children, however, were not evident in the meaning systems of these deaf children. PMID- 802986 TI - Morphological inflections of children with normal and impaired articulation. AB - Twenty articulation-impaired Kindergarten children and 20 peers with normal articulation were compared on their use of morphological rules with the nonsense material of the Berry-Talbott Test. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups, although about one quarter of the articulation-impaired subjects did not perform as well as the normal articulation subjects on the overall task. PMID- 802987 TI - Interjected sounds in deaf children's speech. PMID- 802988 TI - Attributes of loudness, pitch and rate among male children. AB - Ratings, by trained judges, of vocal loudness level, pitch level and rate of speaking for a nonpathological sample population of male children were studied relative to subjective ratings of vocal merit. Averaged physical measurements for loudness level, pitch level and rate of speaking determined points of reference and the ranges within which parameters were rated. Vocal samples of male children, judged to have more acceptable voices, were rated significantly higher in pitch level, greater in loudness and faster in rate of speaking than children judged to have less acceptable voices. PMID- 802989 TI - Food folate values. PMID- 802990 TI - High intake of sucrose and heart attacks. PMID- 802991 TI - Nerve-growth factor and lipoatrophic diabetes. PMID- 802992 TI - Misconceptions about Mothercraft Centers. PMID- 802993 TI - The food population crisis: who is guilty? PMID- 802994 TI - Inhibition of iron absorption by coconut milk. PMID- 802995 TI - Instant ultralogic: clarity or confusion? PMID- 802996 TI - The nutrition program for the elderly (NPE), 1973-1975. PMID- 802997 TI - Important role of tryptophan on albumin synthesis in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and hypoalbuminemia. AB - The rate of albumin synthesis and the serum levels of amino acids were measured in three patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. In comparison to the control group the rate of albumin synthesis was lower for the two patients with hypoalbuminemia and the serum levels of valine, isoleucine and tryptophan also were decreased. Intravenous administration of tryptophan alone failed to increase the serum albumin level in one patient. In another patient, a 3-week period of infusion of amino acids without tryptophan failed to correct the rate of albumin synthesis or the serum albumin level. The serum albumin level rose from 37.1 g/liter to 46.8 g/liter after the infusion of amino acids plus tryptophan. The reduced supply of amino acids as the most important factor in the decrease in albumin synthesis and the important role of tryptophan in the regulation of albumin synthesis are discussed. PMID- 802999 TI - Inability of chronic alcoholics with liver disease to use food as a source of folates, thiamin and vitamin B6. AB - Absorption of folates, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenate and riboflavin from a natural food source--yeast--and their respective synthetic forms was studied in 37 patients with liver disease due to alcoholism, and 12 healthy, nonalcoholic subjects. All alcoholics absorbed riboflavin and pantothenate but had a significantly lowered absorption of thiamin and vitamin B6 from yeast. Alcoholics absorbed synthetic vitamin B6, but not thiamin. Ingested folylpolyglutamates (the predominant folates in yeast) could not serve as a source of folate for the alcoholics, but synthetic folylmonoglutamate served. We suggest that the folate, vitamin B6, and thiamin deficits so common in alcoholic liver disease ensue from inability to absorb these specific vitamins from foods. PMID- 802998 TI - Malnutrition studies in Macaca mulatta. IV. Energy and protein consumption during growth failure and "catch-up" growth. AB - Infant rhesus monkeys were fed either a control, dilute or low protein diet from 1 to 7 months of age, and the control diet from age 7 to 12 months. All diets were fed ad libitum. Curves were fitted for energy and protein consumption and for growth in weight, length and head circumference. Both experimental groups developed increasing deficits of energy and protein consumption during the undernutrition experiment. With nutritional rehabilitation, the animals previously fed the dilute diet immediately increased their consumption of energy and protein to levels appropriate for age. Those previously fed the low protein diet showed an increased nutrient uptake, but one more appropriate for size peers. Reduced growth velocity occurred with both experimental diets. "Catch-up" growth, and growth velocity per unit diet energy and protein was most obvious for body weight, but recovery from growth deficits was most complete for growth in head circumference. Nutrient deficits accumulated by animals fed the dilute diet were not recovered during catch-up growth; catch-up growth occurred in animals previously fed the low protein diet even though cumulative nutrient deficits were increasing. PMID- 803000 TI - Megavitamin E supplementation in man. AB - To assess possible toxic and/or beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation, a group of 28 adults voluntarily ingesting 100 to 800 IU/day of tocopherol for an average of 3 years were evaluated in this study. Half of the subjects claimed a feeling of improved health or well being, but no specific beneficial effects were noted consistently; the other half indicated no change in health status after beginning vitamin E supplements. No gross evidence of toxicity was apparent on reviewing past medical histories with the subjects. Plasma alpha-tocopherol was found to be elevated significantly in the group from 650 micrograms/100 ml (control mean) to 1,340 micrograms/100 ml; however, 25% of the values were within 2 SD of the control mean. Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels did not correlate with total daily dose but did relate to plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Total plasma carotenoids were also significantly increased along with vitamin A levels; the former did not correlate with plasma vitamin E, whereas the latter showed a significant correlation. Laboratory screening for toxic side effects of vitamin E supplementation by performance of 20 standard clinical blood tests failed to reveal any disturbance in liver, kidney, muscle, thyroid gland, erythrocytes, leukocytes, coagulation parameters, or blood glucose. It is concluded that megavitamin E supplements in this group produced no apparent toxic side effects and that subjective claims for beneficial effects were highly variable. PMID- 803001 TI - Fortification of common salt with iron: effect of chemical additives on stability and bioavailability. AB - Fortification of salt with iron has been suggested as a practical method of iron supplementation. In an effort to identify a suitable method for fortifying salt with iron two approaches were investigated. In one the possibility of fortifying salt with ferrous sulfate and a stabilizing agent was tried. Of the several stabilizing agents studied orthophosphoric acid was found to be the most promising one. Salt fortified with ferrous sulfate and orthophosphoric acid was found to keep well on storage without color development. Bioavailability of iron from this fortified salt, although satisfactory at the beginning, deteriorated on storage. An alternative approach in which salt was fortified with ferric orthophosphate, a stable iron compound and an absorption promoter like sodium acid sulfate was found to be more satisfactory. Salt fortified with ferric orthophosphate (3,500 ppm) and sodium acid sulfate (5,000 ppm) kept well without any color development for several months. The bioavailability of iron from this formula was comparable to that from ferrous sulfate and bioavailability did not decrease even after storage for 4-5 months. This fortified salt was also acceptable. This formula offers a practical solution to fortification of salt with iron. PMID- 803002 TI - Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of vitamins, minerals and nitrogen by Eskimos. AB - In 1971-1972, urines were collected over 24 hours from ambulatory Iglooligmiut who ranged in age from 6 to 76 years. Collections were made every 3-4 months over a calendar year. The mean of each individual's two to four collections was used as the best estimate of that person's average daily excretion for nitrogen, thiamin, riboflavin, N'-methylnicotinamide, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The excretion of the three B vitamins by all age groups was high when compared with interpretive standards. Urea nitrogen comprised 80-90% of total nitrogen excreted by all age groups. Twenty-four-hour mineral excretions did not differ with age and sex group except that adult men excreted significantly more phosphorus. Urinary urea nitrogen and phosphorus were linearly related, suggesting that they have a common source; namely, meat. Winter was generally the season of lowest excretion of the nutrients assayed. Since these nutrients are available from imported foods, particularly during the winter, it would appear that even in the winter the Iglooligmiut are more dependent on hunting and fishing for sources of these nutrients than on the well-stocked commercial grocery outlets. PMID- 803003 TI - Stimulation of albumin synthesis by amino acids following partial hepatectomy in the rat. AB - Albumin synthesis was measured, in vivo, in rats 16 hours after partial hepatectomy or after sham operation. When albumin synthesis was expressed in terms of whole body weight, partially hepatectomized rats synthesized significantly less than sham-operated rats. However, when albumin synthesis was expressed as a function of dry liver weight, the two groups synthesized similar amounts. Intragastric hyperalimentation with amino acids significantly increased albumin synthesis in partially hepatectomized rats. PMID- 803004 TI - Effect of maternal sucrose intake on the metabolic patterns of mature rat progeny. AB - A study of the influence of maternal sucrose intake during either gestation or lactation or during both these periods on the metabolic patterns of mature progeny was conducted. The progeny were killed at 142 days of age after 16 hours without food. Levels of liver lipid, liver cholesterol, serum insulin, serum glucose, serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol were determined as were the activities of hepatic NADP-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. Maternal sucrose intake significantly lowered the serum triglyceride levels in the mature starch-fed progeny while the feeding of sucrose postweaning elevated serum triglyceride levels. Maternal sucrose intake during the gestation period resulted in lower serum insulin levels in the mature progeny. The activities of the NADP-linked enzymes appeared to reflect the type of carbohydrate consumed by the progeny and were not affected by the diet of the maternal animal. The results of this experiment suggest that the type of carbohydrate fed to the pregnant or lactating animal can have an effect on the metabolic patterns of her progeny even though the progeny are fed a diet containing a different carbohydrate from weaning until 142 days of age. The results also show that these effects may be quite different from those produced in an animal fed a high sucrose diet only after weaning. PMID- 803005 TI - Comparison of the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents with adult pregnant women. II. Anthropometric and dietary findings. AB - Weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, and mean intakes of 11 nutrients and calories were evaluated for 102 pregnant women in four age groups. The increase in weight during the antepartum period was the only significant finding for anthropometric measurements. Comparison of antepartum group means showed the two younger groups, 12-17 and 18-19 years, had higher intakes of calories, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, and iron than the two older groups, 20-24 and 25-32. The two older groups had higher mean intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, and ascorbic acid, most of them significantly so. In the postpartum period, there were no significant differences among age groups for mean intakes of calories, protein, fat, carbohydrate, or phosphorus. The two older groups had the higher mean intakes of the remaining nutrients. There were no significant differences among age groups for any of the nutrients with respect to level of education. Regardless of age, the subjects attending the low-cost clinic had a mean intake of iron significantly higher than those having private physicians, while the latter had a mean ascorbic acid intake significantly higher than that of the clinic group. PMID- 803006 TI - Vitamin A nutritional status of rural community of Khol block in Haryana, North India. A collaborative study. AB - A nutritional and diet survey was carried out in 2,192 persons belonging to all age groups in a rural community. Vitamin A consumption was less than the recommended daily allowance in persons of all age groups. Bitot's spots and night blindness were detected in 7.1% and 7.2% of the population, respectively. Ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency were more frequently observed in age groups above 5 years as compared to the preschool children. There was no association of vitamin A deficiency with different grades of protein-calorie malnutrition in preschool children. Keratomalacia was extremely rare and was observed only in one child. The study suggests that the rural area studied was a high prevalence zone for vitamin A deficiency which did not have its serious consequences due to relatively adequate protein-calorie nutritional status of the population. PMID- 803007 TI - Food intake, its relationship to body weight and age, and its apparent nutritional adequacy in New Guinean children. AB - Previous nutritional investigations in New Guinea have shown low intakes of protein and of energy yet the nutritional status of children and their ability to thrive have been regarded as better than could be expected. To investigate this apparent paradox, the dietary intakes of 482 New Guinean children, aged 1-18 years, living in two contrasting environments near the coast (Kaul) and in a highland region (Lufa) were determined by a weighed individual inventory method over 5-7 consecutive days. Body weights and skinfold thicknesses were lower than those of European children of comparable ages. These findings are to be reported and discussed more fully in a separate publication. Roots and tubers provided most of the energy and protein in the bulky, vegetable diets. The contribution of foods bought in local trade stores was higher than has previously been reported. Fat intakes were low, supplying 17% of the dietary energy in Kaul and 10% in Lufa. Protein intakes were similarly low, representing only 6% of dietary energy. The chemical scores of the protein calculated using the latest suggested amino acid scoring pattern (FAO/WHO, 1973) were high, 75-95. Using the previous pattern, these were 57-64. The adequacy of the energy and protein contents of individual diets was assessed using the FAO/WHO (1973) standards. An energy deficit was more common than a protein deficit. A considerable proportion of the children (42% in Kaul and 20% in Lufa) had dietary intakes which were apparently deficient in energy or protein, but this finding did not correspond to other signs of undernutrition. This suggests that current standards may still be set too high for some groups or that adaptations to suboptimal dietary intakes occur that are not disclosed by the usual techniques of assessing nutritional status. PMID- 803008 TI - Nutritional survey in an iron- and folate-deficient population. AB - A high prevalence of folate and iron-deficiency anemia was found in women and children of Kiryat Shmoneh, an Upper Galilee community. Malnutrition was assumed to be partially responsible for these deficiencies. To verify this assumption, a detailed nutrition survey was carried out in 30 families, comprising 232 individuals in this community. A low overall caloric intake was found in 30% of the population studied. The dietary folates consumed were much below the recommended dietary allowance in all subjects. In over 60% of the subjects investigated, the daily iron intake was also below the recommended allowance. These data support the role of malnutrition in the development of folate and iron deficiencies in the community studied. PMID- 803009 TI - Effects of betel nut and fermented fish on the thiamin status of northeastern Thais. AB - Thiamin deficiency could result either from inadequate intake of thiamin or consumption of food containing antithiamin factors. Dietary surveys conducted in northeastern Thailand indicated that both thiamin and caloric intake of subjects under studies were sufficient. In Thailand, correlation exists between the consumption of food containing antithiamin factors and the prevalence of thiamin deficiency. Betel nuts and raw fermented fish possess antithiamin activity. Abstention from both betel nut chewing and raw fermented fish consumption resulted in a significant reduction of thiamin pyrophosphate effect. The thiamin pyrophosphate effect again increased significantly when the subjects resume their chewing habits. Cooking of fermented fish destroyed thiaminase, resulted in a significant decrease of thiamin pyrophosphate effect of the subjects. Thiamin supplementation (10 mg/day) could further reduce their thiamin pyrophosphate effect. This amount of thiamin could counteract the effect of raw fermented fish consumption but was not sufficient to neutralize the effect of betel nut chewing. PMID- 803010 TI - The first arrival time and mean age of a deleterious mutant gene in a finite population. AB - The mean and standard deviation of the first arrival time for a single mutant to reach a certain frequency and the mean age of a mutant persisting in a population have been studied using diffusion methods. These quantities are shown to be highly dependent on both the heterozygous effect and the population size. For partially recessive deleterious mutations, both the mean first arrival time and the mean age decrease with increasing selection coefficient against heterozygotes. For overdominant mutations, the mean age always increases very rapidly with increasing heterozygous advantage, while the mean first arrival time first increases rapidly with increasing heterozygous advantage to a maximum and then decreases rapidly with increasing heterozygous advantage. The standard deviation of the first arrival time is small while that of the age is large. The results of this study have been applied to study the case of the sickle cell anemia mutant in Africa. It is argued that the present prevalence may be explained without the necessity of quite so great a heterozygous advantage as .25 or higher as proposed by some workers. A reasonable range for the heterozygous advantage seems to be from .05 to .18. PMID- 803011 TI - Tay-Sachs disease: high gene frequency in a non-Jewish population. AB - A non-Amish "Pennsylvania Dutch" semi-isolate was found to have a high frequency of Tay-Sachs gene. This high frequency could be ascribed to founder effect and may represent, in microcosm, how this mechanism could have produced the high gene frequency among Ashkenazi Jews. PMID- 803012 TI - Genetic studies of human acidic salivary protein (Pa). AB - The phenotypic expression of a dominantly inherited human salivary acidic protein (Pa) has been described in acid-urea starch and in Tris-borate acrylamide gel systems. Estimates of the Pa+ allelic frequencies in American Caucasians, American blacks, and Orientals are .21, .14, and .42, respectively. The genetic and biochemical similarities to another series of proline-rich salivary proteins, Pr, and to a pair of similarly staining salivary proteins, Db (double band), are evaluated. It is concluded that either one locus or two (or three) tightly linked loci are viable explanations for this polymorphic system(s). It is suggested that the three factors, Pa, Pr, and Db, be treated as separate loci to allow clarification of their genetic relationships. PMID- 803014 TI - The center-satellite system for the wide-scale distribution of genetic counseling services. AB - A 6-year experience with a center-satellite system for the provision of comprehensive genetic counseling services to a large geographical area is described. A series of 12 satellite genetic clinics established throughout northern and central California have brought genetic counseling services to within a 2-hour drive for most patients. These satellite clinics are largely organized by local groups (such as National Foundation-March of Dimes chapters and county health departments) but are backed by the personnel and resources of the center at the University of California, San Francisco. Assistance is generally provided by county public health nurses who collect medical records from referring physicians and pedigrees from the family. Specimens for cytogenetic or special biochemical studies are brought back to the center, but, if possible, other laboratory determinations, radiological investigations, and specialty consultations are obtained locally. Follow-up counseling may be provided by the public health nurses, and a written summary is sent to each patient or family. The socioeconomic spectrum of the patients seen at the satellite clinics is much broader than at the central clinic, and the establishment of a satellite clinic results in a great increase in the number of cases seen from the area in which it is located. Physician time per patient and cost of services per patient are substantially the same in both central and satellite clinics. Based on population figures applicable to the state of California, it is estimated that approximately 60-70 comprehensive counseling centers, each with up to 15 satellites, could adequately provide for the foreseeable genetic counseling needs of the United States. PMID- 803013 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a polymorphic protein (Pa) in human parotid saliva. AB - A polymorphic acidic protein (Pa) has been isolated from human parotid saliva by the use of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Following these purification procedures, analytical anionic polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis revealed a single stainable band. Amino acid analysis demonstrated a protein particularly rich in proline, glutamic acid, and glycine, but with reduced amounts of threonine and no tyrosine. Only a very small percentage of carbohydrate was detected. Isoelectric focusing at pH 3-10 verified the acidic character of this protein with an isoelectric point in the range pH 3.9-4.5. Other salivary proteins called Pa-II, possibly related physiologically and genetically to the Pr system, were also partially purified and studied. Differences were noted between Pa and Pa-II proteins in molecular size and amino acid composition. PMID- 803015 TI - Analysis of genetic and environmental sources of variation in serum cholesterol in Tecumseh, Michigan. I. Analysis of the frequency distribution for evidence of a genetic polymorphism. AB - Analyses of serum cholesterol measurements on 4,619 males and 4,730 females residing in the community of Tecumseh, Michigan, were conducted to estimate the contribution of sex, age, temporal variation, and bimodality to determining the normal variation among individuals sampled without regard to their health status. Female values had a higher mean (2.8 mg/100 ml greater) but smaller variance than males when adjusted by polynomial regression to a common age. Positive skew in the frequency distribution for both sexes was removed by natural logarithm (ln) transformation. Age variation accounted for 28.5% and 29.4% of the variance in a ln cholesterol measurement of males and females, respectively. Between 7% and 10% of the variance in a ln cholesterol value was estimated to be attributable to differences between age-adjusted replicate measurements of the same individual. The reduction in individual variability by adjustment for these contributions to variance will allow a more precise evaluation of the relative contribution of alternate genetic hypotheses as explanations for normal variation in cholesterol. Assuming bimodality, approximately one in 1,000 males and one in 1,000 females belong to a second mode of hypercholesterolemic individuals. The locus determining familial hypercholesterolemia is not a major source of normal phenotypic variation in the Tecumseh population. PMID- 803016 TI - Ethnic variation in genetic disease: possible roles of hitchhiking and epistasis. AB - The high incidence of some genetic diseases in certain ethnic groups is important in planning of medical genetic programs. Simple interaction models predict that at least some lethal recessive alleles will have "hitchhiked" to increased frequencies because of linkage to genes whose alleles have been favored by selection for other reasons in certain populations. In the absence of linkage or epistasis with a gene favored by selection, heterozygote advantage for a recessive lethal may produce the same phenomenon. In the hitchhiking model (linkage), the increase in the gene frequency is temporary, but the length of time that the increased gene frequency is at least double the base frequency may be quite long. Changes in gene frequency for the unlinked epistatic model result in a new equilibrium with a possibly higher gene frequency. The most likely chromosomal regions in which hitchhiked lethal recessives would be found are in the vicinity of genes whose allelic frequencies vary substantially among human racial groups (e.g., Gm, Rh, Duffy, lactose tolerance, or HL-A). There will be a hitchhiking effect if recombination distance is less than the selective advantage. The closer the linkage of two loci, the easier hitchhiking effects will be to detect. Hitchhiking is suggested by nonrandom association of the recessive disease and one of the selected markers, as in the case of Gm and cystic fibrosis. However, there is so far insufficient evidence of linkage between them. More pedigree information is necessary than is now available. PMID- 803017 TI - Analysis of family resemblance. IV. Operational characteristics of segregation analysis. AB - In simulated data, segregation analysis of quantitative traits was found to be powerful for resolving a major locus from polygenic and cultural inheritance. It is reasonably robust against a variety of deviations from the model if and only if a major locus, polygenic heritability, and environment common to sibs are simultaneously included in the model, and heterogeneity tests among mating types are performed. Most of the information in quantitative data about a major locus is lost when reduced to affection status. PMID- 803018 TI - Human genetic studies in areas of high natural radiation. VIII. Genetic load not related to radiation. AB - The genetic load disclosed by inbreeding has been analyzed in a multiple regression model for a population involving several localities in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. The inbreeding load has been estimated for number of pregnancies, abortions, stillbirths, children born alive, anomalies in general, sex ratio, infant mortality, post-infant mortality, and sterility and infertility of the couple. There was no evidence of either maternal or paternal inbreeding effects on the variables analyzed. The effect of inbreeding of the zygote was significant only for anomalies in general (B = 2.29 +/- 0.45) and infant mortality (B = 3.19 +/- 1.39). The latter result must be accepted with caution because of the many environmental causes affecting infant mortality. The B/A ratio suggested a predominantly mutational load for anomalies in general (B/A = 25), but with respect to infant mortality (B/A = 6), the ratio is regarded as an underestimate because of the environmental contribution to A and therefore not supportive of the segregational interpretation. PMID- 803019 TI - Characterization of the cell kinetics and growth properties of cystic fibrosis diploid fibroblasts in vitro. AB - The population growth kinetics of human diploid skin fibroblasts derived from cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes and from normal subjects were investigated. Our data suggest the following: 1. Population doubling times increase with time in culture, with no significant differences observed among the three genotypes tested, when data were compared at the same subculture times or phases of growth. 2. The fraction of dividing cells in a population decreased with the duration in which the cells were in culture. No significant differences were obtained for cells derived from the three genotypes. 3. Cell cycle times were very similar (18-20 hr) when comparing the normal and cystic fibrosis lines or when comparing cystic fibrosis lines in phases 1 and 2 of growth. 4. No significant variations in population doubling times or growth fractions could be attributed to age or sex of the biopsy donor. 5. Variability in growth fractions and doubling times was minimal through the eighth subculture period but was very great in older cultures (tenth subculture). 6. Changes in growth fractions and doubling times appear to be due to the possibility of "aging" of human diploid fibroblasts in culture rather than to the presence or absence of genes for cystic fibrosis. 7. It is strongly indicated that differences in cell kinetic parameters cannot be used as the basis for differentiation between cells derived from normal or cystic fibrosis genotypes. PMID- 803020 TI - Age trends in human chiasma frequencies and recombination fractions. I. Chiasma frequencies. AB - Chiasma frequency data on 183 males were subjected to an analysis of covariance. There appeared to be little or no linear trend in chiasma frequency with age. This conclusion was supported by a detailed analysis of chiasma frequencies for each autosome from 21 males. There were, however, significant differences among investigators in reported mean chiasma frequencies. PMID- 803021 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced in vitro by low doses of radiation: nondisjunction in lymphocytes of young adults. AB - Epidemiological studies suggest radiation exposure as a cause of meiotic non disjunction in humans, but experimental evidence with cytological proof has been lacking. Our results indicate that mitotic nondisjunction of lymphocyte chromosomes can also be induced by exposure to a low dose of radiation. Abnormal segregation can be induced not only when the cells are irradiated but also when nonirradiated cells are incubated with irradiated cell-free plasma or serum. The X and no. 21 chromosomes appear particularly susceptible to nondisjunction. PMID- 803022 TI - Root tipping: a photoelastic-histopathologic correlation. PMID- 803023 TI - Canine retraction: a photoelastic study. PMID- 803024 TI - Load-deformation characteristics of polycarbonate orthodontic brackets. PMID- 803025 TI - Variability of the craniofacial skeleton. II. Comparison between two age groups. PMID- 803027 TI - Explanation of the Pension Reform Act of 1974. PMID- 803026 TI - The bimetric system. PMID- 803028 TI - Are we on top of the problem? PMID- 803029 TI - A seven-cell human egg recovered from the oviduct. AB - A seven-cell human egg recovered from the proximal middle quarter of the oviduct is described. Whether or not it is a normal representative of this stage of human development cannot be established at the present time. The specimen was recovered 83 hours after intercourse and 77 hours after the first significant elevation of the luteinizing hormone level in the urine. According to these data and the results of the endometrial and corpus luteum biopsies, the age of the egg was estimated to be approximately 72 hours. An analysis of size and the reaction of the blastomeres to toluidine blue suggests that they already show some differentiation at this early stage of development. The addition of these findings to previous reports of eggs recovered from human oviducts and uteri gives support to the concept that human eggs are delivered to the endometrial cavity when they contain between 7 and 12 blastomeres. PMID- 803030 TI - Correlation between hysterosalpingography and pelvic endoscopy for the evaluation of tubal factor. AB - In this study of 132 infertile couples, findings with hysterosalpingography (HSG) were compared with those observed at subsequent culdoscopy or laparoscopy. Both procedures correctly revealed normal tubes in 29% of the subjects and identical abnormalities in 24%. A complete agreement between the two procedures was thus observed in 53% of women. Hysterosalpingography showed 5% false positive and 14% false negative findings. In the remaining cases the type of anomaly revealed by HSG was different from that found at laparoscopy. Peritubal adhesion was the pathologic process most commonly missed by HSG and diagnosed subsequently by endoscopy. Pelvic endoscopy also revealed endometriosis and other pelvic disease in a high proportion of women, whereas HSG exclusively detected all intrauterine lesions. Similar pregnancy rates resulted when HSG and endoscopy revealed normal organs. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 803032 TI - The presence of gonadotropin and prostaglandin E receptors in the cell membranes of bovine corpora lutea throughout pregnancy. AB - These studies revealed that the cell membranes prepared from bovine corpora lutea contain receptors for both human chorionic gonadotropin and prostaglandin E throughout pregnancy. The presence of these receptors correlated well with the earlier findings that the corpus luteum remains functional and responds to gonadotropic stimulation throughout the bovine pregnancy. This contrasts with our earlier findings that human corpora lutea of pregnancy of more than 6 weeks contain very few or no available receptors for human chorionic gonadotropin or prostaglandin E. PMID- 803031 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on oviductal adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels during estrus and pseudopregnancy. AB - The basal levels of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the oviductal isthmus were lower during pseudopregnancy than during estrus. No differences were observed in the ampulla. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) significantly increased cyclic AMP levels in the isthmus during pseudopregnancy but not during estrus. In contrast, in the ampulla, PGE2 did not alter cyclic AMP levels in either hormonal condition. Theophylline increased cyclic AMP levels in the isthmus and in the ampulla during pseudopregnancy. These results show that PGE2 causes a specific increase in cyclic AMP levels in the isthmus after ovulation. PMID- 803033 TI - The effect of immunizing female rats with modified rat pituitary extract. AB - Immune reactions to a number of hormones have been induced, but information is lacking on the feasibility of inducing immune reactions to homologous gonadotropins. Female rats immunized with diazotized and tyrosylated rat pituitary extract containing gonadotropic activity and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant expressed various reproductive disturbances such as increased cycle length (7.0 days), increased number of sterile matings, reduced implantation in animals becoming pregnant, and reduced ability to carry fetuses to term. These effects were not exhibited by rats immunized similarly with diazotized or tyrosylated rat pituitary extract containing no detectable gonadotropic activity. Rats not becoming pregnant had a significantly higher antibody level to rat luteinizing hormone than did rats becoming pregnant. No significant elevation of rat follicle-stimulating hormone antibodies was noted. It is concluded that auto-immune reactions to gonadotropins can be induced and that very low levels of antibodies have a significant effect on reproduction. PMID- 803034 TI - Biologic effects following active immunization with delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - Immunization of female rats with crude preparations of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase combined with complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in suppression of the endogenous enzyme activity in the ovarian interstitial tissue and the corpora lutea. As a result, estrous cyclicity, nidation, or maintenance of pregnancy was adversely affected in proportion to the level of the antibody to the enzyme following the series of immunizations. On the basis of the biologic response, it can be assumed that progesterone synthesis was reduced as a result of neutralization of enzyme action in the ovary by the formation of antibodies to the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Further studies are required to verify this assumption. PMID- 803035 TI - Evidence by scanning electron microscopy for an association between spermatozoa and T-mycoplasmas in men of infertile marriage. AB - The morphology of T-mycoplasmas in culture and in semen from men of infertile marriage was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In cultures obtained from semen of infected individuals, T-mycoplasmas were recognized as spherical particles, 160 to 200 nm in diameter, frequently interconnected by short, straight fibrils. Numerous T-mycoplasmas and associated fibrils with similar morphologic characteristics were also observed adhering to spermatozoa obtained from ejaculates of the infected donors. Similar granulofibrillar aggregates were never observed on control specimens. These observations indicate a physical association between the microorganisms and spermatozoa in semen of infected men. This association may contribute to the decreased motility of spermatozoa in semen from which T-mycoplasmas can be cultured. The binding of T-mycoplasmas to human spermatozoa may provide an effective mechanism for transfer of the microorganisms past the normal microbial barrier of the cervix. PMID- 803036 TI - T-mycoplasmas and human infertility: correlation of infection with alterations in seminal parameters. AB - The presence of T-mycoplasmas in semen specimens from 625 men with infertility of unknown etiology was correlated with seminal cytologic findings. A change in the distribution toward higher ejaculate volumes and lower counts was demonstrated in the 246 patients with positive T-mycoplasma cultures, compared with the 379 patients with negative cultures. There was a significant increase in the number of tapering forms and spermatids in the T-mycoplasma-positive group. The increases in aberrant forms occurred at the expense of the oval and microcephalic forms. This change in the cytologic picture is consistent with the "stress" pattern seen in viral infections and allergic reactions, with the exception of the specific decrease in microcephalic forms. Relatively fewer patients with T mycoplasmas in their semen had a high-level spermatozoal motility, compared with those lacking T-mycoplasmas. More than half again as many patients with T mycoplasma infections had the poorest levels of spermatozoal motility. Infertile patients with T-mycoplasma infections had an over-all decrease in semen quality compared with those lacking demonstrable T-mycoplasmas. PMID- 803037 TI - Spermiation and epididymal maturation of spermatozoa in the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) as viewed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Spermiation and epididymal maturation of spermatozoa were studied in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) by light and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, location, and release of residual body were observed during spermiation. Along the epididymal duct, the shape of spermatozoa changed, the constriction at the anulus disappeared, the marginal thickening diminished in length, and the cytoplasmic droplet regressed and moved toward the posterior end of the middle piece. Mature spermatozoa were very similar to those of other Cercopithecidae, and they showed a forward motility and a drop in eosin stainability. PMID- 803038 TI - Polycystic ovarian disease, maturation arrest of spermiogenesis, and Klinefelter's syndrome in siblings of a family with familial hirsutism. AB - A family with hirsutism in five generations in which polycystic or bilaterally enlarged ovaries were documented in three different sibships of two generations is described. Two brothers of one of the women with polycystic ovaries had a low or low-normal plasma follicle-stimulating hormone level and one of these had oligospermia due to maturation arrest of spermiogenesis. A third brother had Klinefelter's syndrome. Other abnormal features in the family included precocious adrenarche, beardless males, eunuchoidism, and prepubertal grand mal seizures. PMID- 803039 TI - Testicular biopsy: sperm antibodies. AB - No circulating sperm-agglutinating or sperm-immobilizing antibodies were demonstrated in oligospermic or azoospermic men up to 14 days following bilateral testicular biopsies. Possible reasons for this lack of antigen-antibody response are discussed. PMID- 803040 TI - The role of internal spermatic vein plasma catecholamine determinations in subfertile men with varicoceles. AB - Catecholamine concentrations were determined in left spermatic vein blood of 18 patients with varicocele. These values were compared with concentrations of catecholamines in the right femoral vein. Of 18 patients studied, 6 had moderate to marked elevations of spermatic vein catecholamine concentrations. Norepinephrine was the fractioned component that was elevated. In an average 1 year follow-up the group with elevated catecholamine levels had a much better semen improvement percentage and pregnancy rate than the other group. Chronic exposure of testicular vasculature to norepinephrine may account for the spermatogenic dysfunction encountered in varicocele patients. Once this exposure is interrupted, there may be reversibility of function and the fertility prognosis may improve. The presence of other adrenal or renal metabolites detrimental to spermatogenesis must be considered. PMID- 803041 TI - Physiologic and pharmacologic studies on the motility of isolated guinea pig cauda epididymidis. AB - The effects of norepinephrine, phentalamine, oxytocin, vasopressin, several prostaglandins, and indomethacin on the spontaneous motility of isolated guinea pig cauda epididymidis were explored. Phentolamine and indomethacin reduced the isometric peak tension of spontaneous epididymal contractions. Phentolamine also depressed the frequency. Both findings suggest that catecholamines and endogenous prostaglandins are in some way regulators of the spontaneous motility of the cauda epididymidis. Norepinephrine resulted in the development of a distinct, sustained, tonic contraction without phasic activity, whereas prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha elicited a tonic increase accompanied by frequent, superimposed, phasic contractions. Both oxytocin and vasopressin comparably enhanced epididymal motility, producing contractile responses similar to those observed with prostaglandins. Since the epididymal contractions can influence the time spent by spermatozoa in passing through the ductus epididymidis, the above-mentioned compounds could play an important role in spermatozoal transport via modulation of epididymal contractile activity. In addition, such naturally occurring substances might regulate the release of sperm from the last portion of the epididymis into the ductus deferens. PMID- 803042 TI - Energy metabolism of spermatozoa. V. The Embden-Myerhof pathway of glycolysis: activities of pathway enzymes in hypotonically treated rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Seven enzymes of the Embden-Myerhof pathway of glycolysis were assayed in hypotonically treated epididymal sperm from mature rabbits. These were: fructose biphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. These enzymes were firmly enough bound to the cell structure to resist removal by washing after hypotonic treatment and had maximal activities comparable to, or greater than, the rate of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, so that rapid oxygen uptake was observed with intermediates of the glycolytic pathway. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in a typical preparation of hypotonically treated cells was 5.3 mumoles/minute x 10(9) cells at 25 degrees C for pyruvate reduction in the hypotonically treated cells and 4.8 mumoles/minute x 10(9) cells in the thrice-washed hypotonically treated cells. The Km for pyruvate was 1.4 mM while that for lactate was 4.4 mM. By contrast, the maximal activity of pyruvate oxidation by mitochondria was 0.10 microgram atom of oxygen/minute x 10(9) cells, corresponding to 0.020 mumole of pyruvate/minute x 10(9) cells, and the Km for pyruvate was 5 microM. These enzyme parameters favor high lactate production from glucose in aerobic glycolysis. PMID- 803044 TI - Carcinoma of the breast: pathological criteria as an aid in treatment. AB - Pathologic and clinical features of a group of breast cancer patients were studied in an effort to find out if the prognosis of any individual case of breast cancer could be assessed preoperatively. The size, location, type of tumor, histologic grade and presence or absence of metastatic nodes were studied. Unfortunately, it was not possible to predict the prognosis with any degree of accuracy. We must agree with Haagensen, who said, "The truth is that we already know enough regarding the inferiority of lumpectomy and simple mastectomy, with or without supplementary irradiation, to conclude that it is not wise or humane to condemn a woman to be treated with these methods." PMID- 803043 TI - Temporal relationship between insemination and sperm penetration in immature rats, with special reference to the effect of incubation of spermatozoa. AB - Superovulated immature rats (24 to 25 days old) were inseminated with epididymal sperm before or after ovulation and their eggs were examined at various times. When inseminated before ovulation, the interval between insemination and sperm penetration was 7 to 9 hours; the sperm penetration began approximately 2 hours after the first appearance of eggs in the oviducts and ceased 4 to 6 hours later. When inseminated after ovulation, the interval between insemination and sperm penetration was 5 to 6 hours; sperm penetration started 5 to 9 hours after ovulation and the proportion of penetrated eggs was not increased 4 hours later. The fertilizing capacity of sperm in the immature female tract lasted for 10 to 14 hours, which is shorter than in the mature animals, and sperm penetration occurred 2 to 10 hours after ovulation. The proportion of eggs fertilized, however, was not higher than 55%. A significant greater number of eggs was penetrated by more than one sperm but the number of polyspermic eggs was not increased when insemination was delayed. Epididymal sperm were incubated for various lengths of time and similarly inseminated into the uterine horns of immature rats. The fertilizing capacity of sperm could be maintained in culture for 10 hours but the proportion of fertilized eggs decreased sharply after incubation for 8 hours. Although rat epididymal sperm in a concentrated form could not be capacitated in vitro, they could be capacitated after incubation by intrauterine insemination. PMID- 803045 TI - Anatomical comparison between acupuncture and nerve block. AB - Although there are numerous acupuncture points, it is our purpose to point out the similarity in the location of some of these and the location of anatomic sites commonly used for local and regional anesthesia. We believe that acupuncture can be used in conjunction with local anesthesia, nerve-block, or alone, in the control of pain arising from pathologic states. PMID- 803046 TI - Prevention of perirenal transplant lymphoceles: a new surgical approach. PMID- 803047 TI - A comparative study of inguinal herniorrhaphy. AB - A different approach to the management of inguinal hernia was studied in relation to pertinent anatomy, classification of hernia type, operative technique, early ambulation length of disability and hospitalization and follow-up. Hospitalization and disability were reduced by 50 per cent at the same time that the recurrence rate was reduced. PMID- 803048 TI - Results of routine preoperative sigmoidoscopy and barium enema on patients with inguinal hernia. AB - The diagnostic findings of history, physical examination, rectal examination, barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy in 684 patients with the initial complaint of inguinal hernia were examined. History and physical examination led to the diagnosis of four cancers of the colon and one villous adenoma. No significant new findings were made by sigmoidoscopy when symptoms elicited by history did not indicate some abnormality. A cost analysis of finding significant disease in these patients with inguinal hernias indicates that in-hospital evaluation by barium enema and sigmoidoscopy is probably not warranted. PMID- 803049 TI - Supradiaphragmatic aspects of benign pancreatic disease. AB - A classification of supradiaphragmatic extension of benign pancreatic disease is proposed based on 74 cases from the literature and three new cases. The three main categories include pleural accumulation of amylase-rich fluids, direct extension of the pseudocyst, and fistula formation. PMID- 803050 TI - Surgical treatment of pulmonary infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. AB - Pulmonary disease caused by atypical mycobacteria frequently constitutes an indication for operative treatment, since these bacteria are usually resistant to most forms of chemotherapy. Since 1968 11 patients having pulmonary infection caused by atypical mycobacteria underwent pulmonary resection. All patients, except one who had bilateral disease, left the hospital with negative sputum status. Pulmonary resection is an effective means of therapy for atypical mycobacterial pulmonary infection. Such treatment can be carried out with low morbidity and mortality, and is indicated in cases of poor response to drug treatment or persistent residual lesions. PMID- 803051 TI - Treatment of end-stage renal disease by transplantation: clinical results with 111 cases. AB - The efficacy of renal transplantation for patients with end-stage renal disease was reviewed in 108 patients receiving 111 transplants followed for an average of two and one-half years after transplantation. Overall patient survival decreased 10 per cent per year from 90 per cent after the first year to 70 per cent at three years. Kidney survival was slightly less, with a similar pattern. Patients with better tissue matches and living related donor allografts had fewer and less severe rejections and better ultimate function than did patients with poor tissue matches and cadaver allografts. However, a significant number of patients with poor tissue matches and cadaver allografts had excellent results. Eighty-six per cent of all survivors with functioning kidneys had serum creatinines of 2.0 mg./100 ml. or below. Mortality was associated primarily with sepsis from a variety of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan organisms often associated with other complications such as rejection or gastrointestinal bleeding. Recipients over the age of 40 were in a higher risk group. Rejection per se, however, played a minor role. Urological and skeletal complications were a major source of morbidity but were not associated with mortality. PMID- 803052 TI - Gangrenous perforating uteritis. AB - A massive intrauterine fecal impaction with gangrene and uterine rupture occurred in an 80-year-old woman from a ruptured diverticulitis of the colon which penetrated into the fundus of the uterus. Cicatricial stenosis of the cervix and distensibility of the fundus together with stool discharging into the uterus caused a sequence of events similar to that of appendicitis. The patient recovered after hysterectomy, peritoneal flap closure of the low pelvic colon fistula site, and sigmoid colostomy. PMID- 803053 TI - Dissolution and retrieval of retained common duct stones. PMID- 803054 TI - Anesthetic hazards for patients who have undergone bilateral thoracolumbar sympathectomy. AB - Abrupt and serious circulatory changes may take place during and after operations under general anesthesia in patients who have had extensive thoracolumbar sympathectomy performed previously. These changes should be anticipated and treated promptly and vigorously, if prevention is not possible. Experiences with 23 such cases are presented. PMID- 803055 TI - Intraoperative protection of the myocardium. Introduction to the symposium. PMID- 803056 TI - Evaluation of myocardial function. AB - In assessing myocardial contractility one may examine isolated heart muscle, the isolated whole heart in controlled circumstances, or the heart in an intact patient. In each situation a number of different indices of contractility may be recorded, each of which has merit but none of which is perfect. Some reflect events occurring during isometric contraction prior to ejection, such as rate of change in intraventricular pressure, maximum velocity of muscle shortening, and velocity of shortening of contractile elements. Others reflect ejection phenomena such as stroke volume, the Starling curve, and the ejection fraction. None of these indices is entirely independent of preload, afterload, and heart rate, and these factors must be controlled. In the whole heart, especially in a clinical setting, this may be difficult. Many clinical studies of myocardial function fail to recognize the need for controlling these variables and therefore are of limited validity. PMID- 803057 TI - Studies of regional coronary flow using radioactive microspheres. AB - Radioactive microspheres accurately measure total coronary blood flow (+/- 10%) if the heart contains at least 400 spheres. Precision of the microsphere method depends upon the number of spheres in the region of interest and the reference sample, not on the radioactivity. Reliable flow can be calculated from reference samples collected from any vessel (carotid or femoral artery or aorta) in the beating, working heart and during cardiopulmonary bypass if the sample contains a minimum of 400 spheres. Spheres of 9 mu are distributed in the heart like diffusible indicators, while spheres greater than 9 mu preferentially stream to the endocardium, causing subendocardial flow to be overestimated. This overestimate is lessened with 15 mu spheres and can be readily taken into account. The microsphere method provides information about flow (ml/100 gm tissue/min) and allows comparisons with other regions (endocardial/epicardial flow ratios) but does not provide information about the adequacy of regional flow or its distribution; this must be assessed by biochemical, histochemical, and functional analysis. PMID- 803058 TI - Subendocardial S-T segment changes during acute coronary occlusion. AB - Subendocardial ischemia during coronary occlusion in dogs was studied using S-T segment elevations in unipolar subendocardial electrodes. Alterations in heart rate or cardiac output caused quantitatively similar changes in subendocardial and epicardial S-T elevation. Increasing blood pressure from 75 to 100 or 75 to 125 mm Hg caused a smaller reduction in subendocardial than in epicardial S-T elevation (p less than 0.01). In this situation, therefore, subendocardial ischemia tends to be maintained while epicardial ischemia is reduced by higher arterial pressures. Hemodynamic manipulations can cause quantitatively different changes in subendocardial and epicardial S-T segment elevation. PMID- 803059 TI - Isolated heart perfusion techniques for rapid screening of myocardial preservation methods. Anoxia versus ischemia. AB - Isolated nonworking and working heart preparations are described and recent modifications that increase their reliability and scope are reviewed. Isolated perfused tissues are superior to other models for screening myocardial preservation techniques. The metabolic and functional differences between anoxia and ischemia are stressed, myocardial glycolysis is reviewed, and from basic studies potentially fruitful avenues for investigation of myocardial preservation techniques are outlined. Better application of available knowledge of myocardial metabolism could further reduce the risks of cardiac operation. PMID- 803060 TI - Ventricular fibrillation. Its effect on myocardial flow, distribution, and performance. AB - Subendocardial ischemia develops in hearts that are fibrillated during cardiopulmonary bypass when: (1) the normal ventricle is fibrillated with a sustained electrical stimulus, (2) the hypertrophied ventricle is allowed to fibrillate spontaneously, (3) the fibrillating heart becomes distended, or (4) the perfusion pressure is reduced to approximately 50 mm Hg. Myocardial hypothermia reduces cardiac oxygen requirements during fibrillation but does not prevent ischemia when perfusion pressure falls to levels frequently attained during clinical open-heart operations. The ischemia occurs because flow cannot rise sufficiently to meet the metabolic demands of ventricular fibrillation. The forces interacting to impede adequate flow to the subendocardium during ventricular fibrillation are: (1) the compressive forces exerted on subendocardial muscle by the strength of fibrillation, (2) the compressive forces resulting from raised intracavitary pressure due to occlusion or malfunction of the ventricular vent, and (3) the evolution of myocardial edema as ischemia is prolonged. We have abandoned the use of ventricular fibrillation in clinical open heart operations and now allow the heart to beat continually with adequate perfusion pressure. We have not needed to use inotropic drugs postoperatively after aortic or mitral valve replacement since adopting this technique. PMID- 803062 TI - Metabolic arrest of the ischemic heart. AB - Procaine, hypocalcemia, magnesium, fluoride, adrenochrome, and tetrodotoxin have been used to induce metabolic arrest of the heart and increase its tolerance to ischemia. Prolonged periods of ischemic cardiac arrest without measurable deterioration of cardiac function are possible. The application of these techniques in the repair of intracardiac lesions deserves further study. PMID- 803061 TI - Protection of the myocardium with high-energy solutions. AB - An approach to intraoperative protection of the myocardium is described that attempts to increase glucose utilization by infusion of high-energy solutions during aortic cross-clamping. Infusion of hypertonic glucose or glucose plus insulin prior to aortic cross-clamping has enhanced contractility and increased high-energy phosphate moieties in animals with induced ischemia. Recent pilot experiments in our laboratory suggest that infusions of creatine may result in increased production of creatine phosphate, which in turn induces phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate, possibly enhancing myocardial contractility. The intraoperative clinical benefits of these infusions remain to be proved, however. PMID- 803063 TI - Potassium-induced cardioplegia. AB - Cardioplegia induced with an osmotically balanced solution of high potassium concentration appears to lower the oxygen requirements of the heart, slows high energy phosphate depletion to some extent, and is associated with increased survival in prolonged normothermic ischemia. To date no obvious detrimental effects have been observed from injecting this solution. PMID- 803064 TI - Cancer of the hypopharynx. Analysis of treatment and results in 162 patients. AB - Between 1962 and 1972, 190 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx were seen; 162 received primary treatment at our clinic. Of the 162 lesions, 117 (72%) originated in the pyriform sinus. The most frequent symptom was pain in the throat (87 patients, 54%). One hundred twenty six patients (78%) had tumors extending beyond the hypopharynx (T3 lesions), and 108 patients (67%) had cervical metastasis (stage III or IV). Treatment modalities included surgical excision in 82 patients, radiation in 39, planned combination of preoperative radiation followed by surgery in 18, radiation plus neck dissection in 15, and surgery plus postoperative radiation in eight. Sixty-nine patients (43%) had recurrent tumor. Recurrences were equally frequent in the primary site and the neck. Comparison of treatment modalities showed no differences in overall recurrence. Surgery alone or in combination with radiation reduced the incidence of local recurrence; however, when recurrences were analyzed in relation to stage of lesion, preoperative or postoperative radiation and surgery offered no advantage over surgery alone in reducing local or neck recurrence or in overall survival rate. Treatment by radiation alone was associated with a poorer survival. For the entire group, three-year survival was 52% and five-year survival was 47%. PMID- 803065 TI - Cochlear nerve degeneration coincident with adrenocerebroleukodystrophy. AB - A 19-month-old boy had adrenocerebroleukodystrophy and unusually severe cochlear nerve degeneration and demyelination, a condition in advance of that expected from known disease entities. We report the only known temporal bone study in adrenocerebroleukodystrophy. PMID- 803066 TI - Skin flap survival. Influence of infection, anemia, and tubing. AB - The use of regional skin flaps in reconstructive head and neck surgery is well established. The specific factors that influence the survival of the various skin flaps are numerous. An experimental approach to this problem has been outlined and carried out. Rabbits were used to evaluate the effect of severe anemia on pedicle skin flap survival. Infected as well as noninfected flaps were studied. Skin flaps of various length-to-width ratios were placed on the backs of each rabbit. These flaps included the full-thickness skin and the panniculus carnosus. Some animals were infected with pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some animals were made anemic by slowly bleeding them until the desired hematocrit leading was achieved. The best flap survivals occurred in the noninfected, anemic group. The next best survival percentage was noted in the noninfected group with normal hematocrit readings. The poorest survival was noted in rabbits with a normal hematocrit reading and infection. In all groups, flattened pedicled grafts had better survival than tubed pedicled grafts. PMID- 803067 TI - The clinical spectrum of malignant nasal tumors. AB - Unlike other head and neck cancer, which is almost exclusively squamous cell carcinoma, nasal malignancies present a wide and varied spectrum of tumor types. Classification of these tumors is not standardized and treatment tends to be individualized. In a review of 35 patients with primary nasal malignancies, only 33% had squamous cell carcinoma. Glandular, neurogenic, and hemopoietic tumors accounted for the other major subgroups. Despite the diverse histopathological tumor types, the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical problems seem related more to the nasal location than to the actual type of tumor. Selected cases are presented to illustrate the clinical behavior and problems that occur with nasal tumors. PMID- 803068 TI - Input-voltage method of bone-conduction calibration. AB - Several methods have been proposed for calibrating the bone-conduction section of an audiometer. Because of its low cost and ease of implementation, the input voltage method is attractive. Only one previous investigation has assessed this calibration method and found it to be lacking. With the availability of updated "required voltages," a reexamination of this calibration method was warranted. Audiometric corrections were determined for 21 combinations of audiometers and bone vibrators at five test frequencies with an artificial-mastoid system. These corrections were compared with those determined with the input-voltage method. The latter yielded corrections that agreed directly with or deviated no more than 5 dB from artificial-mastoid corrections 93.4% of the time and deviated by 10 dB only 6.6% of the time. The use of the input-voltage method for clinical calibration is advocated in the absence of an artificial mastoid. PMID- 803069 TI - Anomalies of the first branchial cleft. AB - Eleven cases of first branchial cleft duplication anomalies are classified into types I and II. Type I defects are associated with the first cleft and are duplication anomalies of the membranous external auditory canal. Type II defects are associated with the first cleft and first and second arches, and, as such, are associated with defects of the membranous external auditory canal and cartilaginous elements. Microscopical examination of tissue in type I anomalies shows a cyst lined by skin without adnexal structures and without cartilage. Type II anomalies usually contain all elements. Misdiagnosis, infection, and recurrences are common with these lesions. Clinically, they may drain through the neck and external auditory canal. Surgical excision must be complete or there will be recurrence. The facial nerve must be identified and protected during the excision. PMID- 803070 TI - The retraction pocket in the treatment of cholesteatoma. AB - Residual and especially recurrent disease was observed in 124 consecutive patients who had operations for cholesteatomas, with the finding of continuing problems in at least 23% of these patients. Surgical therapy based on the goals of extirpation of the "pseudoneoplasm" of cholesteatoma, restoration of health and function, and prevention of recurrence is the ideal. Results of "single barreled" regimens do not yet meet these goals. A compromise surgical management regimen is offered. Etiologic implications of the retraction pocket phenomenon are explored and a testable hypothesis offered. PMID- 803071 TI - The facial nerve coursing inferior to the oval window. AB - Congenital anomalies of the facial nerve are of great concern to the otologic surgeon. Nine cases from the literature are reviewed and three of our own are reported in which the facial nerve coursed inferior to the oval window. All cases were explored for congenital conductive hearing impairments and were accompanied by severe stapes abnormalities. PMID- 803072 TI - Histopathologic features of the inner ear associated with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. AB - We describe the histopathologic features of the inner ear in a 19-year-old girl with bilateral total deafness associated with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The inner ear shows advanced degree of cochleo-saccular degeneration, with almost complete absence of the organ of Corti in all turns. The spiral ganglion shows a reduction of about 60% to 70% of cells, with almost complete degeneration of nerve fibers in the bony spiral lamina. PAS-positive material was found accumulated in globules between the collapsed Reissner membrane and remains of marginal cells of the stria and in the degenerated sensory cell area of the saccular macula. PMID- 803073 TI - Giant calcifying epithelioma. AB - Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, or benign pilomatrixoma, is described as a skin tumor histologically composed of (1) "shadow" cells, (2) basophilic cells, (3) foreign body cells, and (4) intracellular and stromal calcifications. The dermatologic literature describes this tumor as a small benign lesion that never exhibits a malignant propensity. However, the recent surgical literature associates its enlarged size with its occasional aggressive behavior. In this regard, tumor dimension appears to influence prognosis. The term "giant calcifying epithelioma" appears taxonomically justified as a clinical description of this malignant tumor possessing histologic similarity to benign pilomatrixoma. The surgical literature has not previously stressed the mixed histologic characteristics of this pathologic variant. We report a case that demonstrates the malignant potential of giant calcifying epithelioma. The clinician should be alerted against a false security provided by the benign appearance of preoperative histologic sampling. PMID- 803074 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Inspissated mucus. PMID- 803075 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Allergic vasculitis. PMID- 803076 TI - Computerized tomography of the head. PMID- 803077 TI - Mucociliary function of the eustachian tube. PMID- 803078 TI - [Lactic acid in abortion and septic shock]. PMID- 803079 TI - [The Espinosa Flores operation in isthmo-cervical insufficiency]. PMID- 803080 TI - [Obstetric aspects of fetal macrosomy]. PMID- 803081 TI - [Clinical management of Class III Papanicolaou]. PMID- 803082 TI - [Teaching system of labor care, during the 9th and 10th cycles of university studies in surgery. Report on 1000 studies]. PMID- 803083 TI - Balloon catheter re-expansion of atelectatic lung. AB - Selective re-inflation of the lung with lobar atelectasis was carried out in four patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation. The increased pressure and volume were delivered mainly to the atelectatic lung by momentary obstruction of mainstem bronchus of the uninvolved lung with a balloon-tipped catheter. Blood gases and chest x-rays following the procedure showed improvement in oxygenation with prompt re-expansion of the atelectatic lung. The described procedure is recommended in atelectasis involving major portions of the lung with severe hypoxemia not responding to aggressive conventional treatment. PMID- 803085 TI - Critical care problems of the newborn: neonatal diaphragmatic paralysis and crying vital capacity. PMID- 803086 TI - Normal values of blood gases in children living at an altitude over 7000 feet. AB - The purpose of the present study is to report normal values of blood gases in children of different ages living at an altitude of about 7000 feet above sea level. PMID- 803087 TI - The ethics of passive euthanasia. PMID- 803084 TI - The effect of tolazoline on right-to-left shunting via a patent ductus arteriosus in meconium aspiration syndrome. AB - Since arterial blood oxygen tensions are used in the evaluation of treatment of patients with meconium aspiration syndrome, it is important to recognize the occurrence of significant right-to-left shunting via a patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical findings, evidence of right-to-left ductus shunting, and outcome in eight patients with meconium aspiration syndrome are presented. Administration of tolazoline HCl and curare produced a beneficial effect on their PaO2 values. PMID- 803088 TI - Pulmonary angiography via an indwelling four-channel Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - An indwelling Swan-Ganz catheter was utilized for pulmonary angiography in an extremely ill patient without the necessity for a further invasive procedure. The procedure allowed prompt exclusion of pulmonary embolism as a cause of her deteriorating condition, and confirmed the diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). PMID- 803089 TI - Therapy of unilateral pulmonary insufficiency with a double lumen endotracheal tube. AB - Successful therapy of unilateral acute lung disease has been infrequent. The marked compliance difference that exists between the acutely diseased and normal lung may make conventional respiratory therapy ineffective in treating the diseased lung. Vigorous attempts at reexpansion of the involved lung including bronchoscopy, continuous positive pressure ventilation, chest physiotherapy, suctioning, and position changes are usually successful in acute lung disease but were ineffective in the case presented. The use of the double lumen endotracheal tube, Carlens tube, and the application of differential ventilation was a safe and effective modality of therapy when conventional measures failed. The method of ventilation and the patient's course are described. PMID- 803090 TI - Use of Doppler ultrasound in performing percutaneous cannulation of the radial artery. AB - Doppler ultrasound has been used extensively in assessing adequacy of circulation. We have found it to be convenient in the identification of blood flow, particularly in hypotensive states where percutaneous radial artery cannulation of the vessel is tedious and difficult to perform. The technique is simple, atraumatic, and usually successful. PMID- 803091 TI - Intermittent inspiratory chest tube occlusion to limit bronchopleural cutaneous airleaks. AB - A significant bronchopleural cutaneous fistula (BPCF) developed in a 36-year-old female who required mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Progressive increase in arterial PCO2 to 75 torr occurred because of inability to effect satisfactory alveolar ventilation. Insertion of unidirectional values into the chest tube drainage apparatus, which were closed synchronously each time the ventilator cycled to the inspiratory phase, allowed effective alveolar ventilation to be achieved with subsequent reduction of arterial CO2 to previous levels. Both high inspiratory (120 torr) and expiratory (23 torr) positive pressures were employed with intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). Deleterious effects on cardiopulmonary function were not observed, and the patient was weaned successfully from mechanical support with spontaneous closure of the BPCFs. PMID- 803093 TI - Bedside pulmonary angiography. PMID- 803092 TI - Measurement of closing volume in apneic subjects. PMID- 803094 TI - Modification of the Bennett MA-1 ventilator for use with intermittent mandatory ventilation. PMID- 803096 TI - Movements at the hip joint. AB - Movements at the hip joint are first discussed in terms of free movement of the lower limb on the trunk. The biomechanics of standing on one lower limb limited to the situation in the coronal plane are presented. The role of the hip muscles in the upright posture and in the movements at the hip joint during walking on the flat and upstairs and downstairs is described. PMID- 803095 TI - A cytological study of mammary disease. AB - An analysis is presented of 887 cytological biopsies performed on 610 patients with mammary disease, including 510 fine needle aspirations. Technical details of fine needle biopsy, imprints, and scrape-smears are provided, together with both histological and cytological descriptions. The case material has been classified into 6 series, the most important being a clinicocytological study in which fine needle biopsy achieved a 96.2% accuracy rate in respect of breast cancer. The status of cytology in the clinical management of mammary disease is evaluated. PMID- 803097 TI - Surgical pathology of the spleen. AB - The indications for splenectomy in haematological and myeloproliferative disorders are now wider than before. An increased understanding of the concept of hypersplenism and a developing appreciation of the value of splenectomy in chronic leukaemia has been partially responsible for the increase. The principal factor, however, has been the advent of routine splenectomy as an integral part of the diagnostic process in Hodgkin's disease. This paper discusses these indications and their surgical pathology. PMID- 803098 TI - Immunity in acute bacterial infections. AB - A brief survey of the ways in which humoral and cellular immune responses deal with bacteria and their products shows that a variety of effector mechanisms is involved. Their efficiency varies, partly in relation to the kind of bacterial attack with which they have to deal. Some bacterial factors though not crudely toxic can interfere with specific host defences. PMID- 803099 TI - Hypovolaemia and phaeochromocytoma. AB - The state of shock which frequently follows removal of a phaeochromocytoma is due to the hypovolaemia resulting from prolonged excessive secretion of vasoconstrictor substances and should be treated with intravenous fluids. The gradient between central and peripheral temperatures provides a reliable guide to the hypovolaemic state. Two illustrative cases are described. PMID- 803100 TI - SI units. Definitions, normal ranges, and conversion factors. PMID- 803101 TI - Absence of functional messenger RNA activity for beta globin chain synthesis in beta 0-thalassemia. AB - Functional human globin messenger RNA was isolated from reticulocytes of two patients with homozygous beta 0-thalassemia, three patients with sickle cell beta 0-thalassemia, and one patient doubly heterozygous for beta 0-thalassemia and hemoglobin Lepore. When incubated in the Krebs type II mouse ascites tumor-cell free system, messenger RNA from these patients actively directed the synthesis of human beta s and/or alpha- and gamma-globin chains but failed to stimulate the synthesis of any beta A-chains, even though nonthalassemic human globin mRNA preparations consistently stimulated two to four times as much beta A- or beta S globin chain synthesis as alpha-chain synthesis when incubated in the same system under the same conditions. These results strongly suggest that functional beta A chain-specific globin mRNA is absent in beta 0-thalassemia. PMID- 803102 TI - The effect of chemotherapy on the kinetics and proliferative capacity of normal and tumorous tissues in vivo. AB - The proliferative state of a given tissue is a major determinant of its sensitivity to both phase-specific and cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agents. To study the extent of injury induced by antitumor agents to normal and tumorous tissues, a technique for following DNA synthesis as reflected in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA was compared to the conventional radioautographic technique of the labeling index (LI) and to the functional kinetic technique of granulocyte colony formation in vitro. Alterations in DNA synthesis induced by a single dose of cyclophosphamide in normal and tumorous tissues in vivo paralleled in many respects the changes seen when the more time-consuming techniques of the LI or granulocyte colony formation were employed. However, the recovery of granulocyte colony formation after cyclophosphamide therapy lagged behind the recovery of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow, obscuring a kinetic event of potential therapeutic significance. The determination of DNA synthesis simultaneously in normal and tumorous tissues in vivo was easy to perform and supplied therapeutically pertinent results comparatively quickly. PMID- 803103 TI - Role of sialic acid in erythrocyte survival. AB - The role of membrane sialic acid in erythrocyte survival is unclear, although there is evidence for a reduction in sialic acid and surface charge in older erythrocytes. We reduced the surface charge of human, rat, and rabbit erythrocytes by removing sialic acid with neuraminidase. Reduction in sialic acid correlated with decreases in electrophoretic mobility and loss of PAS staining of membrane glycoproteins on polyacrylamide gels. No changes in ATP levels or deformability were found. 51Cr erythrocyte survivals in rats and rabbits showed rapid clearance of desialylated erythrocytes with sequestration by the liver. These results suggest that reduction in erythrocyte sialic acid is a mechanism of erythrocyte destruction and may be important in erythrocyte senescence. PMID- 803104 TI - Expansion of the growth fraction in multiple myeloma with alkylating agents. AB - Patients with IgG multiple myeloma underwent serial studies of tumor cell kinetics including (1) estimation of the total body myeloma cell number (TBMC), (2) measurement of the myeloma cell tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI), and (3) calculation of the total number of myeloma cells undergoing DNA synthesis. Intermittent courses of chemotherapy with cycle-non-specific agents such as melphalan resulted in a marked increase in the LI of myeloma cells in patients who had a 75% reduction in TBMC. The long "plateau" phase of partial remission of myeloma in these patients was associated with a continued high LI: this suggests that the plateau resulted from a balance between the cytoreductive effects of chemotherapy and expansion of the growth fraction (GF) of the tumor. Preliminary attempts to capitalize therapeutically on this expansion of the GF in several patients included administration of the cycle-active agents vincristine and cytosine arabinoside. Vincristine appeared to induce a further reduction in tumor in several patients, although cytosine arabinoside appeared to be ineffective despite clear evidence of its inhibition of DNA synthesis in myeloma cells in vivo. Further clinical studies of the effects of cycle-active drugs on myeloma appear to be warranted; however, successful exploitation of the dynamic change in myeloma cell kinetics with chemotherapy will require the use of cycle-active agents with marked selective toxicity for myeloma cells. PMID- 803106 TI - Transient neutropenia induced by transfusion of blood exposed to nylon fiber filters. AB - During the course of granulocyte collection by continuous-flow filtration leukopheresis, an abrupt fall in neutrophil count was noted (mean decrease 77%, range 64%-95%). Neutropenia occurred within 5 min of return of blood exposed to the nylon fiber filters and lasted less than 30 min. Saline exposed to the fibers, withdrawal and reinfusion of whole blood, and heparin did not cause neutropenia. Heparinized blood passed by gravity through isolated filters and reinfused immediately also induced neutropenia (mean decrease 64% +/- 8%, range 11%-19%). Blood anticoagulated with ACD (decrease 19.5% +/- 6%, range 6%-56%), heparinized plasma (N = 10, decrease 15% +/- 3%, range 3%-29%) and platelet-rich plasma exposed to the filters failed to produce neutropenia. 91% +/- 2% of the neutrophils adhered to the fibers using heparinized blood as compared to 21% +/- 5% using ACD (p less than 0.001). All donors were asymptomatic during the infusions. These results suggest that during neutrophil adherence a substance is released which produces profound, transient neutropenia perhaps by inducing margination of cells. PMID- 803105 TI - Intranuclear inclusions in Bence Jones lambda plasma cell myeloma. AB - A patient with plasma cell myeloma producing only Bence Jones lambda protein was found to have pale intranuclear inclusions in the majority of the bone marrow plasma cells. These inclusions, previously undescribed in myeloma patients producing only Bence Jones protein, contained Bence Jones lambda protein, were non-electron dense, bound by a single membrane, and contained no cytoplasmic structures. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were not present, and the perinuclear cistern was not dilated. Thus, the inclusions may represent intranuclear protein synthesis with anomalous release in the abnormal cells. PMID- 803107 TI - Toxic effect of puromycin on erythrocyte membranes which is unrelated to inhibition of protein synthesis. AB - Exposure of rabbit or human erythrocytes to concentrations of puromycin as low as 7 x 10(-4)M for 2 hr causes damage to the cell membrane, as evidenced by increased susceptibility of the cells to hyposmotic lysis, increased cell rigidity, and ultrastructural changes consistent with severe membrane damage. Puromycin causes a concentration-dependent internalization of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in vacuolization of the cells, at concentrations between 7 x 10(-4) M and 10(-2) M. Since the erythrocyte does not synthesize protein, the data indicate that puromycin has a direct toxic effect on erythroid cell membranes which is unrelated to its action in inhibiting the synthesis of protein. PMID- 803108 TI - Intrinsic material properties of the erythrocyte membrane indicated by mechanical analysis of deformation. AB - Deformation of the erythrocyte membrane by the micropipette technique permits analysis of intrinsic material characteristics of the membrane and provides a means to differentiate purely membrane factors from such extrinsic factors as surface area-to-volume ratio. Using small micropipettes (less than 0.5 microns radius) to deform cells, it is evident that the red cell membrane behaves like a solid for periods of time up to 5-10 min of sustained deformation; for long periods of strain, permanent deformations occur, indicative of the semi-solid structural character. In the time range in which the membrane behaves like a solid, the material is linearly elastic up to strains of 400%, implying a loose network structure in the membrane plane, and evaluation of the elastic parameter mu (mu for normal discocytes equals 7 x 10(-3) dynes/cm) suggests that the elements comprising the network may have a molecular weight of approximately that of the water-soluble membrane protein spectrin. Whether the network system is cross-linked or simply a polymer solution remains unanswered. Experimental data indicate that plastic flow of the membrane under conditions of protracted strain may lead to permanent deformation of the membrane, whereas uniform dilation of the membrane, requiring over 1000 times more energy than for plastic flow, results in membrane failure and lysis. Analyses of the data from larger micropipettes of limiting mean cylindrical diameter show their utility in evaluating extrinsic factors, e.g., surface area-to-volume relationships, which are related to the capability of the whole cell to form a new configuration with implicit resistance to total surface area change, as the cell enters narrow channels of the microcirculation. Thus, micropipettes with diameters in the 2.7 3.0-microns range can provide sensitive comparisons of cellular deformability of erythrocytes. PMID- 803109 TI - Inhibition of sickling in erythrocytes by amino acids. AB - Sickling of erythrocytes was rapidly and quantitatively inhibited at room temperature by 3.8 mM homoserine, asparagine, and glutamine but by no other amino acid. PMID- 803110 TI - The response of red cell hexose monophosphate shunt after sulfhydryl inhibition. AB - In this investigation, we studied the importance of cellular glutathione (GSH) in the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity of unstimulated human erythrocytes and the mechanism by which pyruvate stimulates the HMPS. The rate of HMPS activity was measured by the production of radioactive CO2 from 14C-1-glucose or 14C-1-ribose using a vibrating reed electrometer and ionization chamber. HMPS activity was not significantly impaired by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in concentrations which bound all red cell GSH. Red cells incubated under carbon monoxide (CO), an experimental condition which eliminates peroxide production, still had HMPS activity which was 44% of the value under air. Pyruvate stimulation of the HMPS was unaffected by doses of NEM which bound all cellular GSH or by incubation under CO. These data indicated that pyruvate stimulation of the HMPS occurs by pathways which do not involve peroxide formation, GSH, or oxygen. This study indicates that sulfhydryl blockade of GSH does not necessarily inhibit HMPS activity and that HMPS activity in red cells may respond to reactions not linked directly to glutathione reduction. PMID- 803111 TI - The anemia of chronic disorders: studies of marrow regulation and iron metabolism. AB - Marrow regulation and iron metabolism were evaluated in 17 patients with mild or moderate anemia associated with chronic disorders. In addition, whole blood P50 and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels were measured. The study group consisted of seven patients with non-hematologic malignancies, nine with infection or inflammation, and one with idiopathic hypoproliferative anemia. The mean whole blood P50 and DPG levels were elevated to 28.5 +/- 1.9 mm Hg and 7.03 +/- 0.83 mumole/ml packed RBC, respectively, as compared to normal values of 26.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg and 4.83 +/- 0.33 mumole/ml packed RBC. Erythropoietin (ESF) excretion was variable (1.1-28.7 IRP U, day), clearly elevated above normal in only three patients and, within the study group, bore no relation to hematocrit. While nine of the 17 subjects had ESF excretion rates within the 95% limits predicted by hematocrit, the remaining eight had lower than expected values. No significant differences in ferrokinetics, ESF excretion, or hematologic profile were found between patients with malignancy and those with inflammation. Marrow transit times correlated inversely with both serum and urine ESF activity (r = 0.57, p less than 0.02; and r = -0.63, p less than 0.01, respectively), indicating that the marrow reticulocyte release response to ESF stimulation was unimpaired. Erythroid iron turnovers were unrelated to serum or urinary ESF activity but were significantly correlated with serum iron levels expressed as microgram/100 ml whole blood (r = 0.56, p less than 0.02). These studies suggest that there is an intraerythrocytic response to the anemia in this group of patients, document that reduced ESF production is not a uniform finding with the anemia of chronic disorders, and provide evidence that the marrow proliferative response to anemia is limited in many patients primarily by the availability of iron. PMID- 803112 TI - Effect of blood in the gut on measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide production. AB - Changes induced in measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production by blood in the lumen of the gut were studied in five normal volunteers. The study was undertaken because exogenous heme is absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells where the porphyrin ring is split with the release of CO that could contribute to blood CO levels and lead to a fallacious diagnosis of hemolytic disease. Volunteers who consumed 200 ml of their own blood doubled their endogenous production of CO (0.69 versus 0.34 mumoles/kg/hr). This suggested that at least 3% of the ingested heme was degraded and recovered as CO within 2 1/2 hr. Measurements of serum bilirubin also showed a significant increase after ingestion of blood. These data indicate that blood in the gastrointestinal tract can interfere with quantification of heme and bilirubin turnover from measurements of either endogenous CO production or bilirubin and suggest that this might occur with the ingestion of meat. PMID- 803113 TI - Vitamin B12 transport in blood. I. Congenital deficiency of transcobalamin II. AB - Some characteristics of vitamin B12 binding and transport in the serum of an infant with congenital hereditary transcobalamin II (TC II) deficiency were studied using the following parameters and methods: vitamin B12 level and binding capacity; electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; various immunodiffusion and absorption experiments, using a specific anti-TC II antiserum and the patient's serum as antigen. The results of these studies point to a deficient synthesis of TC II. Parenteral administration of high doses of vitamin B12 was followed by rapid and complete clinical remission and the appearance of vitamin B12 binder in the alpha 2 region which is similar to "fetal binder." Thus, very high concentrations of vitamin B12, either carrier free or bound to this alpha 2 binder, were able to correct the disturbed physiology of TC II deficiency, presumably by normalization of DNA-thymine synthesis. PMID- 803114 TI - Congenital hypoplastic anemia inhibition of erythropoiesis by sera from patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia. AB - An in vitro marrow culture assay designed to measure erythropoietic capability was used to ascertain the presence of an inhibitor in the sera of patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia (CHA). Marrow cells from nine anemic CHA patients responded to the stimulatory effect of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) by an increase in heme synthesis in the presence of normal serum. The effect on heme synthesis was less than that observed with normal marrow cells. CHA serum inhibited heme synthesis by both normal and CHA marrow cells. It is concluded that an in-inhibitor of erythropoiesis is present in serum from CHA patients. This inhibitor most likely blocks the EPO-sensitive stem cell receptor sites, causing decreased response to the hormone. PMID- 803115 TI - Studies on the mechanism of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - Adenine nucleotide metabolism and the release reaction were studied during ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Decreasing platelet ATP by incubation with metabolic poisons did not decrease ristocetin-induced aggregation. ADP and ATP were released from platelets during ristocetin-induced aggregation, and ATP was converted to hypoxanthine. However, these occurred after aggregation was almost complete. Aggregation was inhibited by p-choromercuribenzoic acid. By studying platelet suspensions, we were able to determine that this effect was on platelets and not on the plasma cofactor needed for aggregation. We postulate that ristocetin and its cofactor aggregate platelets by binding platelet membranes and that the platelet plays a passive role in this reaction. PMID- 803116 TI - Prothrombin complex proteins as cofactors in platelet aggregation. I. Inhibition of aggregation by antiserum. AB - Data are presented to support the concept that the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are adsorbed onto the platelet membrane and that these make up part of the "plasma atmosphere" necessary for the aggregation of platelets by various agents. Together with evidence that other coagulation factors also are part of the plasma atmosphere, it is suggested that the aggregation reaction is part of the coagulation sequence. The immunologic approach to demonstrating constituents of the platelet membrane promises to be a highly specific technique for studying further the constituents of the platelet membrane and their reactions in hemostasis. PMID- 803118 TI - Measure of a family doctor's work. PMID- 803117 TI - BCG and cancer. PMID- 803119 TI - Selection of medical students. PMID- 803120 TI - Comparison of earnings. PMID- 803121 TI - Lessons from bad general practice. PMID- 803122 TI - I was always against it, but.... PMID- 803123 TI - Familial hyperlipoproteinemia and gallstones. AB - Of 108 patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemia between the ages of 22 and 85 years (mean, 55.1 years) 46 (42.6%) had cholelithiasis. Among the 53 patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia 20 (38%) had gallstones; the male:female ratio was 1:2; the mean serum triglyceride value was significantly higher in those with gallstones. Among the 50 patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia 25 (50%) had gallstones; the male:female ratio was 1:1; the mean age was significantly higher in those with gallstones. Among the five patients with type V hyperlipoproteinemia one had gallstones. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage was present in 47 (44%) of the 108 patients; 18 (39%) of the 46 patients with gallstones showed such abnormalities, while 26 (24%) showed sinus bradycardia. PMID- 803124 TI - Interactions of mothers and nurses with premature infants. AB - The initial attachment of three mothers to three premature infants weighing less than 1500 g was assessed by observation of the mother's behaviour during visits to her child in the hospital nursery. Interactions of mothers and infants were compared with those of nurses and infants. Premature infants, during a stay in hospital of approximately 7 weeks, have to adapt to up to 70 different nurses and receive generally little contact stimulation from them. Mothers change in their interactional behaviour over time but show persistent individual differences in amount of touching, smiling and talking to their infants. Follow-up investigation will determine if the maternal behaviour as demonstrated in the nursery is predictive of later parenting disorders. PMID- 803125 TI - Sudden unexpected death in children with congenital heart disease. AB - Of 18,000 children with organic heart disease evaluated at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto between 1940 and 1971, 33 died suddenly and unexpectedly between 1 and 21 years of age. Nine had discrete obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and five had muscular narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract and five had muscular narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract. Pulmonary vascular disease caused seven sudden deaths, and arrhythmias (usually due to atrioventricular block) caused seven more. Of the five other children who died suddenly three had transposition of the great arteries, one had a complex cyanotic heart defect and one had an anomalous course of the left coronary artery, which originated from the right sinus of Valsalva. With earlier investigation of aortic stenosis, earlier closure of ventricular septal defect to avoid pulmonary vascular disease, better design of artificial pacemakers and better investigation of patients with angina, many of these deaths will be avoided in the future. PMID- 803126 TI - Oxygen therapy in the newborn infant. Fetus and Newborn Committee. Canadian Paediatric Society. PMID- 803127 TI - Therapeutic abortion and its psychological implications: the Canadian experience. AB - Approximately 9 months after a legal therapeutic abortion, 188 Canadian women were interviewed. One half were single and the rest were married, separated or divorced. They were matched closely for a number of demographic variables with control women who had not had abortions. Neurotic disturbance in several areas of personality functioning was assessed from questionnaire responses. Out of 27 psychological scales, differences between the abortion and control groups were found on only 3: in general, women who had had abortions were more rebellious than control women, abortion tended to be associated with somewhat greater depression in married women, and single women who had had abortions scored higher on the shallow-affect scale. However, all the personality scores were well within the normal range. Perceived social support was strongly associated with favourable psychological reactions after abortion. Use of contraceptives improved greatly after the abortion, when over 90% of women reported using contraceptives regularly. PMID- 803128 TI - Iminodipeptiduria: a genetic defect in recycling collagen; a method for determining prolidase in erythrocytes. AB - A 39-month-old girl was found to have a genetic deficiency of prolidase. This enzyme specifically splits dipeptides with proline or hydroxyproline at the C terminus. Absence of the enzyme leads to massive urinary excretion of iminodipeptides. Clinical symptoms include some that can be ascribed to collagen defects. Previously we had demonstrated that the efficient recycling of proline by the breakdown and resynthesis of collagen is a normal physiological process. The collagen defects in this condition could result from interference with the normal recycling of collagen. PMID- 803129 TI - Serving our patients individually remains basic concept of medicine. PMID- 803130 TI - Noise is a health hazard. PMID- 803131 TI - Undergraduate exchange visit to India: an experience in tolerance. PMID- 803132 TI - Lawyers, economists, health professionals joint discuss health and the law. PMID- 803133 TI - The relationship between low leucocyte ascorbic-acid levels and tyrosine metabolism in the elderly. AB - Twenty-seven elderly men aged 69-94 years had tyrosine tolerance tests measured before and after receiving ascorbic acid 1 g daily for four days. There was a significant rise in the fasting and half-hourly mean plasma tyrosine levels after ascorbic acid administration in those subjects with an initial leucocyte ascorbic acid level (LAA) below 15 micrograms/10(8) w.c.c. The peak of the tyrosine tolerance curve was also advanced following administration of ascorbic acid in those subjects with an initial LAA below 15 micrograms/10(8) w.c.c. A further ten elderly men aged 73-89 years had simultaneous measurements of the circadian rhythms of LAA, plasma cortisol and plasma tyrosine levels before and after receiving ascorbic acid 1 g daily for four days. All ten subjects showed a peak LAA level at 5 p.m. when saturated with vitamin C but there was no significant correlation between plasma cortisol changes and plasma tyrosine changes. Possible explanations for the results are discussed. PMID- 803134 TI - Familial late onset heart block: a clinico-pathological study. AB - A family is reported in which complete heart block developed late in life, apparently inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Two octogenarian brothers had symptomatic complete heart block, and their younger relations asymptomatic conduction abnormalities. Neurological disease was present in one proband; investigations suggested that this was a fortuitous association. PMID- 803136 TI - An improved walking frame with patient lifter. PMID- 803135 TI - Age changes in some inorganic constituents of bone and aorta: a comparative study in wild-trapped and laboratory mice (Mus). AB - Age changes in tibia Ca, Mg, Na and K concentrations in wild populations of house mice trapped on the islands of Skokholm and May were compared with the changes monitored in a laboratory-bred strain of Skokholm mice, and in Tuck albino mice. Strain differences were recorded in the temporal changes of Ca, Mg and Na--the wild-trapped Skokholm population having a particularly characteristic alteration in tibial chemistry. Strain differences in bone-electrolytes were attributed predominantly to fundamental genetic differences between populations. Tibia Na and K levels were far more variable than the Ca and Mg levels in all four strains. Electrolyte variability was greater in the wild populations than in laboratory populations. Some thoracic aortas taken from female mice trapped on Skokholm were highly calcified, due possibly to gross arteriosclerosis produced by the endocrine events of reproduction. Elevated calcium levels were not detected in male aortas taken from the wild; neither were the aortas of male and female laboratory-bred Skokholm mice subject to gross calcification. PMID- 803137 TI - Relationships of temperature with death rates from all causes and from certain respiratory and arteriosclerotic diseases in different age groups. AB - Changes of temperature of short duration (2-10 days) and of longer duration (15 and more days) are associated with inverse changes in death rates in both respiratory infections (pneumonia and bronchitis) and in vascular diseases (myocardial infarction and cerebral vascular accidents). These relationships are less or absent in younger subjects and marked in the elderly. The temperature on the day of death is less relevant to the death rate than that on earlier days and the particular days which are most relevant differ in the different conditions. In the case of myocardial infarcts the temperature 1 to 2 days before death is the most relevant, in strokes 3 to 4 days before death and in the respiratory infections more than 5 days before death is the most relevant. PMID- 803138 TI - The Wisconsin Dentistry Examining Board and its role. PMID- 803139 TI - Theoretical implications in current views of masturbation in latency girls. AB - Current views of masturbation in latency girls are drawn from direct observation, clinical experience with children, and from recollections of adult women. Reports in the literature and from the author invite re-examination of Freud's original theory that latency girls turn away from clitoral masturbation and develop persistent penis envy as a necessary step in development toward mature femininity. PMID- 803140 TI - Adolescent to woman. PMID- 803141 TI - Female autonomy and young adult women. PMID- 803142 TI - Masochism, the ego ideal, and the psychology of women. AB - Psychoanalytic advances have led to refinement and reformulation of early models of female personality development. Masochism was taken as a point of departure for a study of the psychology of women and earlier hypotheses of a masochistic and inferior female psychic structure. Masochism is a residue of unresolved infantile conflict and is neither essentially feminine nor a valuable component of mature female function and character. Though the female might be more predisposed to masochism, there is no evidence of particular female pleasure in pain. It is important to distinguish between masochistic suffering as a goal in itself, and tolerance for a discomfort or deprivation in the service of the ego or ego ideal. Initial hypotheses of a diminished female libido, ego tendencies toward arrest and rigidity, relative inability to sublimate, and a deficient superego are incomplete and obsolete theoretical propositions. The female ego and superego are different from but not inferior to the male. Female development cannot be described in a simple reductionism and overgeneralization. Femininity cannot be predominantly derived from a primary masculinity, disappointed maleness, masochistic resignation to fantasied inferiority, or compensation for fantasied castration and narcissistic injury. Castration reactions and penis envy contribute to feminine character, but penis envy is not the major determinant of femininity. Penis envy variously impedes and fosters femininity but penis envy is more closely related to the girl's bisexual masculinity. The female Oedipus complex is central to feminine development, but has significant normative roots in primary and positive feminine identifications and individuation. Contemporary contributions to the psychology of women have emphasized concepts of gender and sexual identity, body image and self-representation, psychosexual response and empathic motherliness, etc. The female superego includes an ego ideal with feminine ideals and values and regulates feminine interests. The maternal ego ideal consolidates overdetermined maternal attitudes, guides the formation and integration of maternal attitudes, and directs the developmental achievement of "the ordinary devoted mother." Conflicts between the maternal ego ideal and infanticidal impulses are ubiquitous and clinically significant. Current theoretical amendments conceptualize mature female autonomy, pride, and self esteem. Female creativity may be exemplified in many and new forms in addition to motherhood. The capacity to sublimate and to foster sublimation in children is a prerequisite for normal motherhood. Femininity evolves under the influence of parents and culture, with unique developmental challenges and transformations, and a universal psychobiological core linked to functions and roles that should be neither idealized nor devalued. PMID- 803143 TI - Penis envy: from childhood wish to developmental metaphor. AB - Two phases of penis envy are considered. The first regularly occurs early in development and is registered as a narcissistic injury which can be resolved under optimal conditions and can contribute to female psychosexual development. If, however, it is not favorably resolved or, even more significantly, if the basic character disorder is of a narcissistic type, the awareness of the genital difference becomes one of many narcissistic traumas. A later phase of penis envy usually represents a regressive effort to resolve oedipal conflicts. In the past, these two phase-oriented forms of penis envy have not been adequately distinguished. Two clinical examples are presented in which the envy of men was only part of a tendency to envy in a narcissistic character disorder. In the analysis, the interpretation of the penis envy offered a metaphor around which all of the "free-floating" envy could coalesce. The cases illustrate the necessity to consider penis envy as the manifest content of a symptom that needs analysis, rather than as "bedrock" or ultimate conflict. PMID- 803144 TI - Regression and reintegration in pregnancy. PMID- 803145 TI - Some observations on work inhibitions in women. PMID- 803146 TI - Parental mislabeling of female genitals as a determinant of penis envy and learning inhibitions in women. AB - A survey of sex education literature confirms parents' self-reports regarding sex information imparted to their children. With relatively few exceptions, young children (and even teenagers) are taught that "boys have a penis and girls have a vagina," without further linguistic distinctions made regarding the sensitive external genitals of the female child. It is suggested that this incomplete, undifferentiated, and often inaccurate picture of female genitals prevents the growing girl from achieving pride in femininity, and may lead to anxiety and confusion regarding her sexuality. A case is presented in which the failure to label the girl's external genitals was a contributing factor to penis envy, as well as to conflicts about "looking" which led to symptomatic learning inhibitions. It is suggested that the ubiquity of the female "castration complex" may not stem primarily from the fact that the clitoris is a smaller (and thus inferior) organ compared to the penis. Rather, the girl's feeling of being "cheated" may reflect parental failure to explicitly acknowledge that the vulva (especially the clitoris) is an important aspect of "what girls have." Because visible and sensitive aspects of the girl's genitals are not labeled for her, the girl may feel that she does not have "permission" to develop into a sexually responsive and complete woman. As in the case presented, penis envy may be a symptom expressing the wish to have one's female sexuality "validated," but which also serves to block this forbidden wish by inhibiting sexual responsiveness and pride in femininity. PMID- 803147 TI - Sleep orgasm in women. AB - Some of the recent most challenging contributions to our knowledge of female sexuality were provided by direct observations as early as during the second year of life concerning genital self-stimulation and masturbation in girls. Other investigators have advanced the proposition that girls are capable of vaginal masturbation and possibly of experiencing vaginal sensation and stimulation very early in life. Our own clinical study on sleep orgasm, based mainly on data obtained from the analysis of one woman, leads to formulating the hypothesis that in some instances the nursing situation may provide sensations in the genitals (vagina), not only for the mother, but also for the baby. We assume that such sensations in the genitals of the infant female are not the result of mechanical stimulation of the genital organs--as described during the second year and later- but are the result of a "resonance" phenomenon whereby the infant's genitals, including the vagina, are stimulated from within. The observations of orgasm made by others and by the author should be considered the first tentative steps toward an understanding of the complex nature of female orgasm. Eventually, further studies might lead to distinguishing more clearly a sexual orgasm in a narrower sense from a sucking orgasm, from an anger orgasm, and from a stress orgasm--i.e. an unspecific genital discharge. Sleep orgasm can represent gratification of unacceptable disguised sexual wishes and can therefore occur after intercourse and orgasm experienced when awake. The study of sleep orgasm might be of value in relation to the general problems of female orgasm. I would like to close with a reminder that some of the formulations presented in this paper are quite obviously largely speculative. PMID- 803149 TI - Freud's views on early female sexuality in the light of direct child observation. AB - Freud's writings on early female sexuality are reviewed in order to demonstrate which of his central assumptions are supported and which have been corrected by the direct observation of young children. The study of the emergence of core gender identity in little girls is a key to the modification of Freud's statements on the onset of and crucial factors in the development of femininity. Cognitive functions, learning experiences, and language are believed to be more important than Freud stressed, and penis envy and feelings of inferiority are relegated to a less universal and less necessary place in the onset of femininity. The role of the father is given different emphasis. Direct observation clarifies many aspects of masturbation or early genital self stimulation in the young female: its onset; its feminine rather than masculine character; its early vicissitudes; its importance relative to other behavior; the impact of the discovery of anatomical difference; one special way it is affected by parental attitude; and how it contrasts with comparable behavior in the young male. Observation refutes Freud's often quoted statement that masturbation is further removed from the nature of women than of men. PMID- 803148 TI - Some suggested revisions concerning early female development. AB - In our view, Freud's original position that sexual drive organization exerts a special and exemplary role during the various psychosexual stages remains a valid one, although drive organization is in turn consistently and extensively influenced by events in the sphere of object relations. Very early genital-zone experiences during the first sixteen months of life contribute to a vague sense of sexual identity, and undoubtedly exert an influence over many ego functions. Some genital sensations probably occur consistently in conjunction with feeding, as well as during many other interactions of the mother and her young infant. With ongoing separation and individuation, the genital zone emerges as a distinct and differentiated source of endogenous pleasure somewhere between sixteen and nineteen months of age, exerting a new and crucial influence upon the sense of sexual identity, object relations, basic mood, and many aspects of ego functioning, such as the elaboration of fantasy and graphic representation in girls and the increased use of the motor apparatus in boys-the latter probably in the service of denial. This era constitutes an early genital phase, preceding that of the oedipal period, and the later oedipal constellation will inevitably be shaped by the preoedipal developments we have described. The discovery of the sexual difference and the new genital sensations of this early genital phase should not be considered merely as several of many variables that influence the growing sense of identity; they are unique, exemplary, and of equal importance to the oral and anal aspects of psychosexual development which have preceded them. Furthermore, the preoedipal castration reaction rapidly reactivates and becomes fused with earlier fears of both object and anal loss, and is therefore particularly threatening to the child's still unstable sense of self and object. In other publications, we have presented data from direct observational research indicating that the little girl's early relation with her mother, as well as her early bodily experiences, are important in determining the effect upon her when she discovers the sexual anatomical difference at about sixteen to eighteen months of age. At this juncture, depending upon the nature of her earlier experiences, as well as the availability of the father, she may either turn more definitively to the father, or she may remain even more ambivalently attached to the mother, a choice having fateful consequences for the oedipal constellation shortly to emerge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 803150 TI - A new female psychology? PMID- 803151 TI - Primary femininity. AB - In Freud's theory of the origins of femininity in females, there is a stage unaccounted for in the chronology of the little girl's development: the first many months of life are not considered. We know by now that castration anxiety, penis envy, and the traumas and frustrations of oedipal conflict are easy to demonstrate; but if the first stage in female development is different from Freud's description-if a fundamental, fixed sense of being rightfully a female is established in earliest childhood-then our psychology of women needs repair. The factors that make up this stage, with examples, are reviewed: (1) a biological "force": the effect of circulating fetal sex hormones on the brain of the fetus; (2) sex assignment: the announcement at the time of birth to the parents that they have had a boy or a girl (or a hermaphrodite); (3) parental attitudes: the effects of the sex assignment on parents, then reflected back onto the infant; (4) "biopsychic" phenomena: early postnatal effects caused by certain habitual patterns of handling the infant-conditioning, imprinting(?), or other forms of nonconflictual learning; (5) developing body ego: sensations, especially from the genitals, that define the child's dimensions. I suggest that one can divide the development of femininity in females into two phases, both of which lead to adult femininity, but each of which contributes in a different manner. The first, nonconflictual in origin, contributes a sense of femaleness and some of what allows for one's looking feminine; the second, the result of conflict, especially oedipal, produces a richer and more complicated femininity, not merely one of appearances, but one enriched by desires to perform with the substance, rather than just the facade, of femininity. PMID- 803152 TI - On the girl's entry into the Oedipus complex. AB - Detailed child observational study reveals variable pathways by which the girl enters her Oedipus complex. The data of three normal girls are briefly detailed to demonstrate the path each took. The data reported do not support the generalizability of the 1925 postulate that the girl enters her Oedipus complex by way of her castration complex. It is hypothesized that the girl, as well as the boy, enters the Oedipus complex--given a favorable-enough "expectable environment"--from about two and a half years of age on, compelled by a psychobiologically determined gender-related change in her libido and inherited ego dispositions. PMID- 803153 TI - Asymmetry in two-point discrimination on the tongues of adults and children. AB - Previous studies have shown that some adults have better discrimination for two point perception on one side of the tongue than on the other. This has been referred to as asymmetry in lingual two-point discrimination. No data are available regarding lingual asymmetries in children. As perceptual differences frequently occur between children and adults, lingual two-point discrimination was measured in children and in adults. Whereas all children showed symmetrical patterns of lingual two-point discrimination, 8 of 15 adults showed asymmetrical patterns. Differences between adults and children appear to be related to the development of the central nervous system rather than to the change in peripheral sensory mechanisms. PMID- 803154 TI - Communication disorders: a power analytic assessment of recent research. AB - This study assessed the relative statistical power of contemporary research in communication disorders. Results of the analysis, based upon an evaluation of two major journals, revealed overall mean power figures of 0.16, 0.44, and 0.73 for small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively. Interdisciplinary comparisons indicated that low statistical power is not unique to research in communication disorders, but is apparent in other behavioral science areas as well. Several alternatives are offered to the researcher who will want to ensure sufficient power for his investigation on an a priori basis. The implications of this study are discussed in reference to the experimenter/clinician model. PMID- 803155 TI - Reliability of the TIP and DIP speech-hearing tests for children. AB - The reliability of SRT and speech intelligibility tests has been studied on adults. Reliability estimates for SRT are between .60 and .90, with standard error estimates from 1.5 to over five dB. For speech intelligibility tests the reliability estimates range from .50 to 90, with standard error of estimates from 2.5% to over 10%. Little has been reported on test reliability with children. For this study the TIP and DIP tests, for threshold and discrimination, respectively, were given to 295 normal and 138 hypacusic children three through twelve years of age. Subjects were retested within one week. TIP test-retest reliability was .72 for normals, and .89 to .99 for hypacusics. DIP test-retest reliability was .46 to .51 for normals and .60 to .93 for hypacusics. Standard error of estimate was about 3 dB for TIP, and 10% for DIP. These values are about the same as the reliability values for adults. PMID- 803156 TI - Clinician bias: the effects of pretesting information on the evaluations of speech clinicians. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if pretesting information has a biasing effect on the speech evaluations of student speech clinicians. A total of three groups of clinicians evaluated 10 speech characteristics of each of 17 recorded speech samples. The clinicians participated in two listening sessions. In the first (control) session, they evaluated the speech samples using a 4-point scale of defectiveness and were given no background information on the speakers. In the second (experimental) session, they were given fabricated case history information prior to their evaluations. Results of their ratings indicate that the pretesting information had a biasing effect on the clinicians' evaluations of the speech samples. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future inquiry are discussed. PMID- 803157 TI - Speech characteristics of miners with black lung disease (pneumoconiosis). AB - Speech samples were obtained from 10 miners with diagnosed black lung disease and 10 nonminers who had never worked in a dusty environment and who had no history of respiratory diseases. Frequency, intensity and durational measures were used as a basis upon which to compare the two groups. Results indicated that four of the six pausal measures, vowel duration, vowel intensity variation and vowel perturbation differentiated the miners from the nonminers. The results indicate that black lung disease may affect not only respiratory physiology associated with speech production but also laryngeal physiology. PMID- 803158 TI - Variables affecting stutterer's initial reactions to delayed auditory feedback. AB - Twenty male stutterers (7-18 years) described pictures under delayed auditory feedback (DAF). Delay was varied from 0 to 300 msec in 50 msec steps. There was a significant interaction between delay time, age and initial disfluency in terms of disfluent words but not speech rate. Young stutterers (7-12 years) were generally more affected by DAF than older stutterers (13-18 years). Under DAF high disfluent stutterers showed reduced disfluency, whereas low disfluent stutterers either showed little or no change or became more disfluent. Delays of 50-150 msec tended to have an ameliorative effect on stuttering. Conflicting results were obtained when the same subjects repeated short sentences under DAF. The majority of stutterers were fluent when repeating the sentences under no delay, but stuttering increased under DAF. Current explanations of the DAF effect and feedback theories of stuttering do not readily account for these results. PMID- 803159 TI - Phonetic feature theory: the linguist, the speech scientist and the speech pathologist. PMID- 803160 TI - Assessment of various auditory perceptual and cognitive skills. AB - Certain questions regarding auditory skills that are of interest to both researchers and clinicians are raised. These questions have been translated into procedures for assessment of various auditory abilities, resulting in a battery of standardized tests. The main categories of listening skills that are measured are selective attention, auditory discrimination, auditory memory and operations with sounds and/or symbols. The information derived from this battery is discussed in terms of implications for diagnosis and for educational and therapeutic intervention. PMID- 803161 TI - From acoustic signal to phonetic message. PMID- 803162 TI - Interrelationships of insulin, glucose, lipid and anthropometric data in a natural population. AB - A population sample of 142 men and 148 women aged 40-69 was drawn in Chittenden County, Vermont, and studied for interrelationships among several parameters of obesity, fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin concentrations, and 2-hour post-Glucola glucose and insulin concentrations. No significant sex differences were observed with regard to mean fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, or triglyceride. Post-Glucola insulin concentrations were higher in women, particularly in the older age groups. Positive correlations were observed between mean log fasting insulin concentration and all parameters of obesity except log triceps skinfold thickness in men. In addition, a positive correlation was present between mean log fasting insulin and fasting triglycerides. There was a positive correlation between fasting triglycerides and ponderal index and estimated percent body fat. Fasting triglycerides correlated with percent ideal weight in women but not in men and with log subscapular skinfold thickness in men but not in women. There was no correlation with either log triceps skinfold thickness or with combined triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in either men or women. No positive correlations were observed with regard to serum cholesterol. The measurement of glucose and insulin concentrations 2 hours post-Glucola or the calculation of insulin-to-glucose ratios did not provide additional correlations to those observed from the fasting data alone and in some instances correlations which existed in the fasting state were largely obscured following carbohydrate administration. PMID- 803163 TI - The growth and development of human genetics as a clinical discipline. PMID- 803164 TI - Orthodontics' Diamond Anniversary: in the beginning ... PMID- 803165 TI - Adult rapid maxillary expansion with corticotomy. PMID- 803166 TI - Management of endometriosis in the infertile patient. PMID- 803167 TI - The use of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in induction of ovulation. AB - Each of 14 anovulatory patients received a single injection of 150 micrograms of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in one induced menstrual cycle. In two subsequent cycles, patients were pretreated with clomiphene before LH-RH injection. Four patients received LH-RH after pretreatment with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) in another cycle. In each cycle, gonadotropin release and ovulation were recorded. All patients had previously failed to ovulate when treated with large doses of clomiphene. No patient ovulated following injection of LH-RH alone, although five patients exhibited a good pituitary response. Nine patients ovulated when they received LH-RH after pretreatment with clomiphene, and one patient ovulated when pretreated with HMG. The diagnostic value of a single injection of LH-RH is not clear. In the present study, gonadotropin response to LH-RH was not an entirely accurate predictor of a patient's ovulatory response in any of the four cycles. On the other hand, when clomiphene-LH-RH was administered, a good response was associated with ovulation in that cycle. The exact role of LH-RH in inducing ovulation is unclear, but the results of using LH-RH in conjunction with clomiphene are encouraging enough to warrant continued use and further study. PMID- 803168 TI - Prevention of intraoperative myocardial injury by pretreatment with pharmacological agents. AB - Pharmacological agents administered prior to the institution of myocardial anoxia or ischemia may protect the myocardium by preventing ATP depletion, structural damage to cell membranes and organelles, and postanoxic disturbances in coronary microcirculation. Propranolol, dipyridamole, nitroglycerin, and mannitol all have the potential to protect the myocardium in one or more of these ways and thus have promise for clinical use. PMID- 803169 TI - Postbypass treatment. AB - Ischemia induced by cross-clamping the aorta during open-heart operations initiates progressive metabolic derangement. If the duration of ischemia is short, these derangements are easily reversed by restoring the flow of blood containing oxygen and substrate. If ischemia is prolonged, treatment designed to ameliorate ischemic damage may be necessary. Three problems are discussed: (1) loss of adenine nucleotides, particularly adenosine triphosphate, (2) impairment of calcium sequestration, and (3) formation of microemboli in coronary vessels. The rationale for postbypass treatment is presented. PMID- 803170 TI - Morphological methods for evaluation of myocardial protection. AB - A review is presented of histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical methods considered useful in the morphological evaluation of intraoperative myocardial protection. Transmural samples of myocardium should be studied since the response of the ventricular walls to ischemic injury is not homogeneous. Collection of samples should be continued until the injury reaches a stable end point. Emphasis is placed on the fact that ischemic injury is modified considerably by reflow phenomena. Ultrastructural studies are indispensable and histological methods are of limited value in the morphological evaluation of early myocardial injury. PMID- 803171 TI - Biochemical changes of ischemia. AB - Normothermic ischemic arrest by aortic cross-clamping, a widely used clinical technique, is associated with metabolic changes in the myocardium that are incompletely understood. The effects of aortic cross-clamping on glycolytic pathways as well as associated morphological changes are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the conservation of high-energy phosphate moieties during the period of cross-clamping as well as during reperfusion. A marked reduction in total high energy phosphates (62%) and glycogen (63%) and an increase in lactate production (243%) denote a shift to anaerobic metabolism during the period of arrest. Despite reperfusion, total high-energy nucleotides remained depressed. The data suggest that persistent abnormal myocardial carbohydrate metabolism and low levels of high-energy nucleotides prevent recovery of contractility following normothermic ischemic arrest and reperfusion. PMID- 803172 TI - Mechanical determinants of myocardial blood flow and its distribution. AB - There are two mechanical determinants of coronary blood flow and its distribution: resistance and pressure gradient. Resistance is determined by blood viscosity and the anatomy and geometry of the coronary vascular bed. The coronary vascular pressure gradient is the difference between aortic root pressure and intramyocardial pressure. A number of factors such as coronary atherosclerosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial edema may adversely affect the determinants of coronary flow before, during, or after cardiopulmonary bypass, thereby lowering or eliminating regional or local coronary reserve and promoting the likelihood of a myocardial ischemic injury. The subendocardial layers of the left ventricle appear to be more vulnerable, perhaps in part because they depend entirely on diastolic coronary flow. PMID- 803173 TI - Topical hypothermic protection of the myocardium. AB - Profound topical hypothermia for intraoperative protection of the heart has been employed as an alternative to selective coronary perfusion with excellent clinical results. Based upon observations that hypothermia decreases cellular metabolism and prevents cellular damage from anoxia, topical hypothermia has been employed to provide protection for anoxic intervals exceeding 60 minutes. Additional advantages of this technique include a bloodless operative field with a flaccid myocardium. A continuous infusion of saline at 4 degrees C provides a simple and effective method of creating myocardial hypothermia. While topical hypothermia has been used successfully with anoxic intervals of 120 minutes, recent evidence indicates that in patients with combined coronary disease and ventricular hypertrophy, the degree of protection is inadequate after 70 minutes. Further investigation is needed to define more completely the degree and length of protection and to identify those situations in which the protection becomes inadequate. PMID- 803174 TI - Laboratory evaluation of intraoperative myocardial protection. The need for appropriate animal models. AB - The investigative laboratory is the appropriate place to evaluate methods of intraoperative myocardial protection. It is becoming apparent that diseased myocardium is more susceptible to intraoperative injury than is normal heart muscle, and so animal models that simulate human cardiac disease states such as chronic left ventricular hypertrophy should be used to assess various techniques. Long-term studies on animals surviving operation are necessary in order to evaluate the chronic effects of various methods of protection. PMID- 803175 TI - Coronary artery perfusion. AB - Perfusion of the coronary arteries with oxygenated blood during cardiopulmonary bypass should in theory offer perfect myocardial protection, but the difficulties sometimes encountered with direct cannulation and the hazards of prolonged fibrillation in spite of perfusion raise questions regarding its universal efficacy. Arguments for and against coronary artery perfusion are presented and the hazards of partial perfusion are stressed. PMID- 803176 TI - Histologic processing and examination of a 4,000-year-old human temporal bone. AB - We believe this is the first report of a mummy temporal bone successfully processed by decalcification and serial sectioning. The condition of the bone required modifications of standard processing technique. Examination of the sections revealed evidence of antemortem otitis media and mastoiditis. The technique described should prove useful in otopathological studies of other paleontological specimens. PMID- 803177 TI - Late syphilis. Otologic symptoms and results of the FTA-ABS test. AB - The clinician occasionally encounters a patient whose cochleovestibular symptoms are thought to be due to late syphilis mainly on the basis of a reactive FTA-ABS test. I describe 21 such patients, 11 of whom had either a spurious- or a false positive reaction. The following suggestions may avoid an inaccurate diagnosis of late syphilis in such patients: (1) repeat all reactive serological tests for syphilis (STS); (2) rule out false-positive reactions; (3) request the degree of fluorescence (1+ to 4+) on all reactive FTA-ABS tests; (4) obtain a Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test on all patients with repeatedly reactive (1+) FTA-ABS tests--a nonreactive TPI test rules out the diagnosis of syphilis; (5) if a TPI test cannot be performed, a repeatedly reactive (1+) FTA-ABS test in the absence of a reactive nontreponemal STS probably represents a false-positive reaction; (6) clinical judgment is the final determinant of whether a patient has or should be treated for late syphilis. PMID- 803178 TI - [Our experience with insemination in the infertile couple]. PMID- 803179 TI - Brain metabolism in the critically ill. AB - A large number of clinical conditions are associated with a transient or permanent disturbance of brain function. Common to all of them is that, in some way, brain metabolism is changed from the normal. These changes cover a vast spectrum, ranging from the subtle alterations of metabolism encountered in mental disease to those underlying death and dissolution of cells in conditions of oxygen lack. This communication is concerned with brain metabolism in the critically ill with emphasis on conditions of hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and ischemia. We begin by briefly recalling the salient features of brain metabolism in the healthy individual. Since clinicians caring for critically ill patients take an interest in factors that may aggravate the primary disease and in measures that may prevent or minimize its final effect on the brain, we will also briefly consider how brain metabolism is influenced by potentially harmful factors (hyperthermia, anxiety and stress, and tissue acidosis due to CO2 retention) as well as by measures that are often instituted to ameliorate the effects of hypoxia and ischemia (hypothermia, administration of anesthetics and sedatives). We refer the reader to selected references with preference to recent articles reviewing previous literature. PMID- 803180 TI - Pulmonary effects of ventilatory pattern following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Twenty-one patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for myocardial revascularization received postoperatively controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), with or without positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Functional residual capacity (FRC), right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt, dynamic compliance, physiological dead space, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were measured during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous ventilation following weaning. Controlled ventilation increased physiological dead space and arterial pH. FRC correlated positively with dynamic compliance, but not with right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt. Postoperatively, FRC was significantly lower than normal when patients were ventilated without PEEP, but was normal when patients received PEEP. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), intrapulmonary shunt, and dead space were unaffected in spite of higher FRC, suggesting that patients who received PEEP had fewer atelectatic and fewer unperfused "silent" lung units than those who had not received PEEP. PMID- 803181 TI - 'There, but for the grace of God...'. AB - The number of deaths reported as associated with anaesthesia in England and Wales has fallen dramatically during the past 20 years. But the problem of cardiac arrest occurring while the patient is under the care of the anaesthetist, though small, remains a serious one because few such patients survive, even with serious complications, and the question of litigation may arise. A series of 66 cases reported to the Medical Defence Union during 1964-73 and studied personally has been analysed and the probable primary causes determined. It is concluded that cardiac arrest might have been prevented in about 50% of cases, though there was clear evidence of negligence in only 12. A study of the medicolegal aspects of anaesthesia emphasizes the wide area of the consultant anaesthetist's responsibilities, extending from preoperative assessment to postanaesthetic recovery. While some degree of delegation is unavoidable and perhaps desirable, the close personal relationship between patient and anaesthetist must be maintained. PMID- 803182 TI - Acrylic cement stabilized joint replacements. AB - Surgical management of osteoarthritis, aseptic necrosis and rheumatoid arthritis has been revolutionized by the introduction of acrylic cement-stabilized joint surface replacement. Although single joint surface replacements have been employed extensively for more than half a century, total surface replacement operations with a wear-resistant high-density polyethylene and noncorrosive stainless steel stabilized by acrylic cement were introduced only a little more than 12 years ago. This evolved with Charnley's discovery of the high level of bone tolerance for acrylic cement. Acrylic cement made it possible mechanically to bond artificial joint surfaces to the bone ends and produce an insensitive Charcot-like functioning joint. A barium sulfate additive makes the cement radiopaque for visualizing the bone-cement interface. Barium sulfate additive also lowers the polymerization temperature and opens the polymer for influx of interstitial fluids. Antibiotics have also been added to the cement for prevention and treatment of infection of the surrounding tissues. In aged individuals with cardiovascular disease, the absorption of the acrylic monomer depresses cardiac output and produces hypotension for 2-5 minutes after impaction of acrylic cement into spongy bone. The hypotension has been minimized by cautious fluid replacement and maintenance of adequate blood volume before, during and after the operation. Approximately 30,000 total hip arthroplasties are performed in the United States annually in patients older than 50 years of age with fractured femoral head replacements, bilateral rheumatoid arthritis, old neglected congenital dislocations of the hip or osteonecrosis with and without osteoarthritis. The pain relief is more complete and the functional improvement more predictable than in any other previously recommended surgical operation for the purpose. For this reason, total hip arthroplasty has almost completely supplanted mold-arthroplasty, osteotomy, capsulotomy (hanging hip) and resection of the femoral head. Hemiarthroplasty in the form of femoral head replacement still is the procedure of choice in patients with fractures of the neck of the femur and a normal acetabular articular cartilage, irrespective of age. As a countermeasure against loosening of the prosthesis in patients with osteoporosis and a hollow proximal end of the femur, the stem can be stabilized with acrylic cement. A standard replaceable femoral head for subsequent conversion of femoral head replacement to total hip arthroplasty is an important consideration and presently is under investigation in several medical centers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 803183 TI - Clinical trials of treatment of ovarian cancer. PMID- 803184 TI - Individual responses to methylphenidate and caffeine in children with minimal brain dysfunction. AB - Eight children with minimal brain dysfunction were studied for their individual responses to two stimulant medications--methylphenidate hydrochloride and caffeine citrate. Four types of behavioural responses were observed in the double blind crossover experiment: four children responded favourably to both psychostimulants, one responded to methylphenidate alone and two responded to the placebo. The behaviour of one child deteriorated while he was taking methylphenidate and caffeine. In general, methylphenidate was superior to caffeine in diminishing hyperactive and aggressive behaviour. It is apparent that such stimulant medication exerts its therapeutic effects in these two areas primarily and would therefore be useful as one aspect of a complete treatment program for children with this syndrome. PMID- 803186 TI - CMA opposes the Medicare restrictions contained in Bill C-68. PMID- 803185 TI - The hyperkinetic child: some misleading assumptions. AB - There is much controversy in the literature concerning prevalence, cause, diagnosis and treatment of hyperkinesis. The subject is complex; there is much ambiguity, and many research studies and reports of successful treatment appear to be overly simplistic in their approach to the problem. The use of the term "hyperkinesis" as synonymous with "hyperactivity" and often also with "minimal cerebral dysfunction" causes much confusion. There appear to be some common underlying beliefs about hyperkinetic children; these are critically examined. From integration of reports in the literature with clinical experience, it is contended that the term hyperkinesis should be restricted to the definition used in the British studies, and hyperactivity should be considered only a symptom. Hyperactivity has a large number of underlying causes, and management plans need to be individualized. PMID- 803188 TI - Nursing student--learner or worker. PMID- 803187 TI - Treatment of anxiety/depressive conditions in the elderly: a double-blind comparative study of Motival and amitriptyline. AB - A double-blind two-group comparison of fluphenazine/nortriptyline (F/N) with amitriptyline in 72 patients aged 65 or over suffering from mixed states of anxiety and depression, each treated for four weeks, showed F/N to be significantly superior to amitriptyline by Day 7 in terms of patients' self ratings and clinicians' ratings. Patients' preference for F/N was even more pronounced by Day 28 (P less than 0.001), when the improvement in symptoms relating to depression was rated by the clinicians as significantly greater for the patients receiving F/N (P less than 0.025). The incidence of drowsiness was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the amitriptyline group than the F/N group. The implications of these results for the treatment of emotional disturbances in the elderly are discussed. PMID- 803189 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase in human skeletal muscle. AB - The present investigation on human skeletal muscle demonstrated that: 1. There was a correlation between the total lactate dehydrogenase activity and fibre type distribution. The LDH activity decreased with increasing percent slow twitch (ST) or type I fibres. 2. The decrease in total LDH activity was related to an elevated relative activity of the heart specific LDH (H-LDH) isozymes in the ST fibres. 3. The LDH isozyme pattern was influenced by environmental factors such as training. The relative activity of H-LDH increased after endurance training. However, extreme anaerobic training did not induce any measurable changes neither in total LDH activity nor in LDH ioszyme pattern. 4. Strong product inhibition of total LDH activity was present even at physiologically low product concentrations in an optimal in vitro system indicating a regulatory function of LDH in the glycogenolysis in vivo during physical activity. 5. The intracellular distribution of the LDH isozymes in human skeletal muscle was in good agreement with earlier findings in animal tissues. LDH of predominant muscle specific type was found to be bound to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the outer mitochondrial membrane, while LDH of predominant heart specific type was found in the mitochondria. PMID- 803190 TI - Pharmacologic interruption of the renin-angiotensin system in myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure. PMID- 803192 TI - Creative strategies in autotutorial instruction. PMID- 803191 TI - [Emergency treatment of trauma of the middle third of the face]. PMID- 803193 TI - The conceptual framework as a component of curriculum development. PMID- 803194 TI - Quality assurance programs in health care agencies. PMID- 803195 TI - [Determination of the optimal physical conditions of irradiation by the dynamic programming method]. PMID- 803196 TI - The post-mortem detection of early myocardial infarction by a simple fluorescent method. PMID- 803197 TI - [Myeloma]. PMID- 803198 TI - Investigations on the presence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to dengue virus in apparently healthy subjects of several counties in Romania. AB - The presence of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies to dengue virus, types 1, 2, and 3 was studied in 1219 apparently healthy subjects of four counties in Romania. The proportion of positive reactions was of 0.40% to type 1, of 1.23% to type 2, and of 3.90% to type 3. Antibody proportion was different from one county to another. PMID- 803199 TI - Disseminated parasitosis in an immunosuppressed patient. Possibly a mutated sparganum. AB - The autopsy of a man who died of Hodgkin disease revealed that a peculiar metazoan parasite had proliferated and disseminated throughout his body. The parasite could not be identified; however, electron microscopical studies revealed that it had the structure of a flatworm. This, together with its shape and structure, convinced us that the parasite was an aberrant sparganum manifesting uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination. PMID- 803200 TI - R-bodies of human rectal epithelial cells. AB - Distinctive globular bodies, ranging in diameter from 0.2mu to 1.5mu, were encountered in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of human rectal mucosa. These profiles, surrounded by a unit membrane, contained a uniform population of electron-dense rods 50 nm wide and 100 to 250 nm long. Although neither the origin nor the relationships of these rod-containing bodies (R-bodies) to other cytoplasmic organelles could be established, morphologic and cytochemical studies demonstrated clear differences from multivesicular bodies. PMID- 803202 TI - An improved gamma well counter for radioactive tracer applications. PMID- 803201 TI - Hepatic zonal degeneration and necrosis in Reye syndrome. AB - Seven pediatric cases with hepatic peripheral zonal degeneration or necrosis in the liver, or both, were studied. From the standpoint of clinicopathological features, these cases fit best into the spectrum of Reye syndrome. Exogenous toxins, such as phosphorus and drugs, could not be implicated as principal causative factors in any of the cases. In the context of Reye syndrome, fatty acids would seem to have been the toxins most likely responsible for the pathogenesis of the peripheral zonal degeneration and necrosis in the liver. PMID- 803203 TI - Dimethyltryptamine levels in blood of schizophrenic patients and control subjects. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of blood N,N dimethyltryptamine in normal controls and schizophrenic patients was carried out with a sensitivity limit of 0.05 ng/ml whole blood. Although the results appear to suggest that the mean DMT level was higher in the total patient group, those patients with acute psychosis, female patients and patients with suspiciousness scores on the BPRS of 4 or over, the differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 803204 TI - Axillary metastases from an unknown primary source. AB - The appropriate therapeutic approach is considered in patients who present with carcinomatous metastases in the axillary lymph nodes and in whom the site of the primary tumor remains obscure. Eight patients with axillary lymph node metastases are reported, in five of whom the location of the primary tumor could not be established. In three patients the primary growth was ultimately found to be in the adjacent breast. Early death occurred in only one patient, and in this instance the primary site proved to be in the breast. The remaining seven patients have all shown a relatively good prognosis when compared with those in similar series reported in the literature. The conservative policy of using radiotherapy alone for such cases, and the more aggressive approach of blind radical mastectomy of the adjacent breast, are both rejected. Instead, the more conservative sector mastectomy of the upper outer quadrant of the ipsilateral breast is proposed as a diagnostic procedure. Should this, together with general investigation of the patient, fail to detect the primary tumor, therapeutic axillary block dissection followed by radiotherapy is then advocated. If the primary tumor is found in the breast on sector mastectomy, a modified radical mastectomy of the affected breast should be performed and followed by irradiation. PMID- 803205 TI - Investigations on hydro-proteolytic intracellular activity in postirradiation sickness. PMID- 803206 TI - [Functional occlusal analysis and occlusal corrections]. PMID- 803207 TI - Let's not play games. PMID- 803208 TI - [Implant prostheses]. PMID- 803209 TI - [Good teeth and good health go together]. PMID- 803211 TI - [Porcelain bonding on alloy "Wiron"]. PMID- 803210 TI - [Functions and specific responsibilities for the preventive auxiliary help according to the different legislations of the European states]. PMID- 803212 TI - [Critical observations on our implant experiences]. PMID- 803213 TI - [Open bite: clinical considerations]. PMID- 803214 TI - [Clinico-laboratory examinations of patients with chronic renal insufficiency associated with manifestations in the oral cavity]. PMID- 803215 TI - [Chin-piece application errors]. PMID- 803216 TI - [Use of Bulgarian butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in dental therapeutics]. PMID- 803217 TI - Radioimmunoassay of somatomedin B. Application to clinical and physiologic studies. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for Somatomedin B, a growth hormone dependent factor that stimulates DNA synthesis in human glia-like cells. The sensitivity permits detection of this factor in human plasma diluted 1: 20,000 and in monkey plasma diluted 1: 5,000. It is not measurable in nonprimate plasma diluted 1: 20. The concentration in growth hormone-deficient adult patients is equivalent to 6.6plus or minus0.5 ug/ml of a highly purified somatomedin preparation. In acromegaly the concentration is 19.3plus or minus2.3 ug/ml and falls after definitive therapy that results in a decrease in plasma growth hormone. In unextracted human plasma the immunoreactive Somatomedin B is associated with a plasma protein at least as large as gamma-globulin and with an electrophoretic mobility on paper resembling the alpha-globulins. The level of Somatomedin B in the bound form in human plasma under steady-state conditions may depend on the rate of production of the peptide and/or the concentration of the plasma-binding protein. At present there is no information concerning which of these is modulated by growth hormone. Immunoreactive Somatomedin B is found predominantly in Cohn plasma fractions III and IV, largely dissociated from the plasma-binding protein. The disappearance curves of labeled purified Somatomedin B and of immunoreactive Somatomedin B from acromegalic plasma administered intravenously to a dog were superposable; the terminal portion of the disappearance curve having a half time of almost an hour. PMID- 803218 TI - Serum IgD and IgE concentrations in immunodeficiency diseases. AB - Concentrations of IgD and IgE were measured in sera from 165 patients with well defined immunodeficiency in an effort to find information possibly relevant to the roles of antibodies of these classes in host defense. Values for both immunoglobulins were generally quite low in patients who had marked deficiencies of all three major immunoglobulins, although occasional normal or high normal values for IgD were seen in hypogammaglobulinemic patients. Group mean IgD concentrations were also depressed in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and in those with selective IgA deficiency; IgE concentrations were depressed in patients with X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM and in those with ataxia telangiectasia. IgD and IgE were both significantly elevated in patients with extreme hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and undue susceptibility to infection and in a patient with the Nezelof syndrome; none of these patients had histories suggestive of atopy. In addition, the mean IgE concentration was significantly elevated in patients with selective IgA deficiency, many of whom were atopic, and in those with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. The highest IgD concentration (163 mg/100 ml) was found in serum from a boy with variable immunodeficiency who had a lifelong history of severe recurrent pharyngeal infections, primarily streptococcal in etiology. Recurrent staphylococcal infection was a feature common to many but not all patients with elevated serum IgE concentration. These data may prove useful in the future delineation of biologic roles for antibodies in these two immunoglobulin classes. PMID- 803219 TI - Elemental balances during intravenous hyperalimentation of underweight adult subjects. AB - Intravenous hyperalimentation was done in 11 underweight adults whose body weight (body wt) was less than 85 percent of ideal. For the first 6 days, "complete formula" was infused furnishing per kilogram ideal body wt per day: 15 g glucose, 0.40 g N, 0.018 g P, 2.4 meq K, 3.0 meq Na, 2.3 meq C1, 0.5 meq Mg, 0.45 meq Ca, and 50 ml H20. Patients gained weight at an average rate of 9.0 g/kg ideal body wt/day and showed average balances/kilogram ideal body wt/day as follows: plus 0.14 g N; plus 0.012 g P; plus 0.43 meq K; plus 0.49 meq Na; plus 0.37 meq Cl; and plus 0.085 meq Ca. Application of standard equations to the elemental balances indicated weight gain consisted of 35-50 percent protoplasm, 35-50 percent extracellular fluid, 5-25 percent adipose tissus, and less than 1 percent bone. Withdrawas of N, P, Na, or K impaired or abolished retention of other elements. Removal of N halted retention P, K, Na and C1; withdrawal of K stopped retention of N and P; and removal of Na or P interrupted retention of all other elements. Weight gain continued at a rate of 1.4-3.1 g/kg ideal body wt/day despite zero or negative elemental balances of N, K, P, and sometimes Na and C1. Calculations showed that weight gain during infusion of fluids lacking N, P, K, or Na consisted largely of adipose tissue, with little or no contribution by protoplasm or extracellular fluid. Data show that repletion of protoplasm and extracellular fluid of wasted adults by intravenous hyperalimentation is retarded or abolished if N, P, Na, or K is lacking. Repletion of bone mineral does not occur in absence of Na or P but proceeds in absence of N, P, K, or Na. Thus, quality of weight gained by underfed adult patients during hyperalimentation depends on elemental composition of the infusate. PMID- 803220 TI - Generalized melanoses and nonmelanotic pigmentations of the head and neck. AB - The dentist is in a strategic position to evaluate early color changes of the head and neck. Certain oral and perioral changes of pigmentation are amenable to early diagnosis. Systemically acquired generalized melanoses and nonmelanotic color changes should be periodically reviewed by all examining physicians and dentists. The multiple forms of acanthosis nigricans are described, and the triad of Albright's syndrome is compared with the findings of Peutz-Jegher's syndrome, multiple basal cell nevi, neurofibromatosis, and Addison's disease. The spectrums of changes seen in abnormal nonmelanotic pigmentation are reviewed, and the importance of recognition of drug-induced pigmentation is emphasized. PMID- 803221 TI - Mandibular actinomycosis: report of case. AB - A case of mandibular actinomycosis, secondary to a compound fracture in an alcoholic patient, is described. The factors that apparently enhance the development of this disease are discussed. PMID- 803222 TI - Monoclonal IgM immunoglobulinemia in psoriatic arthritis. AB - Serum protein electrophoresis in a 61-year-old woman with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis showed a monoclonal spike that was identified as IgM-kappa monoclonal immunoglobulinemia by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. There was no clinical evidence of myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, or lymphoma, and the M component has not changed over a three-year observation period. This unusual occurrence may represent another disease entity that may be associated with nonmyelomatous monoclonal immunoglobulinemia. PMID- 803223 TI - Reduction of ischemic injury by nitroglycerin during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 803224 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with mixed cryoglobulinemia. A detailed case study. AB - The premise that chronic antigenic stimulation may be involved in lymphoproliferative disorders was considered in a patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy who had received liver extract by injection and by mouth for many years. The salient features were lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, a predominance of lymphocytes and plasmacytoid cells with mitotic figures in lymph node imprints, a cryoglobulin containing IgG, IgA, IgM and bound complement components, depressed serum complement levels, and Coombs-test-positive erythrocytes. Immunoglobulin concentrations per 100 ml of serum were IgG, 5900 mg, IgA, 1480 mg, and IgM, 5640 mg, with normal ranges of 710 to 1540, 60 to 490, and 37 to 204 mg, respectively. Serum precipitins to an antigen (or antigens) in the liver extract resided in the IgA and IgM classes. Complete remission followed one course of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. We propose that the syndrome was caused by chronic antigenic stimulation with liver extract. PMID- 803225 TI - Neonatal nonhemolytic jaundice. PMID- 803226 TI - Letter: Possible importance of hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate ratios in mental retardation. PMID- 803227 TI - Deficient Ganglioside Biosynthesis: a novel human sphingolipidosis. AB - An unusual lipid storage disese is chracterized by the accumulation of hematoside (Gms3) in the patient's liver and brain. In contrast to the other sphingoliidoses, the accumulation of Gm3 is not the result of a defective catabolic reaction, but is the first disorder caused by deficiency in ganglioside biosynthesis to be described in man. PMID- 803229 TI - Nursing homes in Massachusetts: industry in transition. PMID- 803228 TI - New immunolatex spheres: visual markers of antigens on lymphocytes for scanning electron microscopy. AB - New immunochemical reagents consisting of antibodies bound to small latex spheres were used as visual markers for the detection and localization of cell surface antigens by scanning electron microscopy. Cross-linked latex spheres of various sizes from 300 to 3,4000 A in diameter were synthesized by aqueous emulsion copolymerization of methacrylate derivatives containing hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Proteins and other molecules containing primary amino groups were covalently bonded to the acrylic spheres under a variety of mild conditions by the aqueous carbodiimide, cyanogen bromide, and glutaraldehyde methods. For use in the indirect immunochemical-labeling technique, goat antibodies directed against rabbit immunoglobulins were bonded to the spheres. These immunolatex reagents were shown to bind only to cells (red blood and lymphocytes) which had previously been sensitized with rabbit antibodies against cell surface antigens. Mouse spleen lymphocytes with exposed immunoglobulins on their surface (B cells) were labeled with these spheres and distinguished from unlabeled or T lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy. The distribution of Ig receptors on lymphocytes was also studied using the spheres as visual markers. When lymphocytes were fixed with glutaraldehyde and subsequently labeled with the immunolatex reagents, a random distribution was observed by scanning electron microscopy; a patchy distribution was observed when unfixed lymphocytes were used. These results are consistent with studies using ferritin-labeled antibodies (S. De Petris and M. Raff. 1973. Nature [Lond.]. 241:257.) and support the view that Ig receptors on lymphocytes undergo translational diffusion. In addition to serving as visual markers for scanning electron microscopy, these latex spheres tagged with fluorescent or radioactive molecules have applications as highly sensitive markers for fluorescent microscopy and as reagents for quantitative studies of cell surface antigens and other receptors. PMID- 803230 TI - Coronary collateral function in patients without occlusive coronary artery disease. AB - Little is known of the functional capacity of coronary collaterals in humans without occlusive coronary artery disease. We, therefore, measured peripheral coronary pressure (PCP) and retrograde flow (RF) from coronary arteries at aortic valve replacement in seven patients without occlusive coronary artery disease. Using a T-connection interposed in left (LCA) and right (RCA) coronary perfusion lines, data were obtained during brief proximal occlusion of each line. PCP was expressed as a fraction of perfusion pressure (PP), and collateral resistance (CR) was calculated as PP/RF. Median values were as follows: (a table was included). In contrast, previous studies of well-collateralized distal segments of diseased coronary arteries revealed mean RF 15.7, CR 5.1 and PCP/PP 0.50. Under the conditions of study, all vessels interconnecting the non-diseased RCA and LCA delivered flow and pressure less readily than collaterals to a single distal segment of a diseased coronary artery. Thus, collaterals in patients without diseased coronary arteries have an extremely limited capacity to transmit either flow or pressure. The absolute values of RF were small relative to the muscle mass perfused by each coronary artery, suggesting that perfusion of only one coronary artery in man during operation may not provide substantial perfusion for large portions of myocardium. Comparison of performance of collaterals supplying atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries indicates that proximal occlusion may be an important factor stimulating enhancement of collateral function. Moreover, the nitroglycerin-induced improvement in collateral function seen in patients with chronic occlusive coronary disease was not demonstrable in patients without coronary occlusion. Thus, coronary collaterals may acquire nitroglycerin responsiveness as a result of changes induced by chronic coronary occlusion. PMID- 803231 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Vasodilator therapy has been shown to improve ventricular function in patients with left ventricular failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. Sublingual nitroglycerin also improves ventricular function in these patients but its effects are transient and variable. Infusion of intravenous nitroglycerin in 12 patients with acute infarction resulted in a decrease in left ventricular filling pressure from a mean of 22 plus or minus 2 mm Hg to 12 plus or minus 1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) associated with a 7 mm Hg decrease in mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.05). Since stroke work index did not change significantly, this represents and improvement in ventricular performance and/or an alteration in ventricular compliance. All six patients in whom serial precordial mapping studies were performed showed a decrease in sigma ST (P less than 0.001). These findings suggest that intravenous nitroglycerin improved left ventricular function and decreased the extent of myocardial ischemia. Longer infusion may act to preserve borderline ischemic myocardium and thus limit infarct size. PMID- 803232 TI - Improvement in left ventricular wall motion following nitroglycerin. AB - Coronary artery disease patients frequently have left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Though nitroglycerin is commonly used in ischemic heart disease, its effects on wall motion abnormalities is unknown. In this study we have evaluated the effects of nitroglycerin on wall motion abnormalities and on ejection fraction in 25 patients. Sixteen had coronary artery disease (greater than 70% luminal narrowing). Six had no evidence of heart disease and three had congestive cardiomyopathies with normal coronary arteries. Left ventricular angiography was performed prior to and six minutes after administration of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. Twelve of the 16 coronary artery disease patients had wall motion abnormalities, and in seven of these, segmental wall motion improved after nitroglycerin. In five, all motion did not change. The initial heart rate, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes were not different for those whose wall motion improved versus those whose did not. The increase in the former and fall in the latter three hemodynamic parameters were significant (P less than 0.01) and similar for the two groups. In those whose wall motion abnormalities improved after nitroglycerin, ejection fraction (mean plus or minus se) increased significantly (P less than 0.05), from 0.47 plus or minus 0.025 to 0.62 plus or minus 0.046. In those without improvement, the ejection fraction went from 0.55 plus or minus 0.056 to 0.58 plus or minus 0.051 (NS). Three patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed no improvement in ventricular wall motion or ejection fraction after nitroglycerin. Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and ejection fraction improved in some coronary artery disease patients following nitroglycerin. The mechanism for this is unknown; however, ventriculography before and after nitroglycerin may be of potential usefulness for identifying areas of reversible wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 803233 TI - Lymphocytes bearing B- and T-cell markers in patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. PMID- 803234 TI - Inhibition of experimental autoimmune renal tubulointerstitial disease in guinea pigs by depletion of complement with cobra venom factor. PMID- 803235 TI - Oculomotor related interaction of vestibular and visual stimulation in vestibular nucleus cells in alert monkey. PMID- 803236 TI - Germ line basis for antibody diversity. AB - Each antibody polypeptide chain is the product of a gene pair comprising one constant (C) gene coding for that portion of the chain common to all chains of the same type and one variable (V) gene coding for the sequence unique to each chain. Previous evidence indicates that the haploid genome has a single copy of each distinct C gene and that for expression a gene pair is formed with any one of a family of V genes present in the same haploid genome. Hybridization of purified mRNA coding for immunoglobulin heavy chain (mRNA-H) with a vast excess of DNA confirms the existence of a single C gene of each type and multiple V genes. A large number (of the order of 104) of V genes would be consistent with the hybridization results. This suggests considerable V gene redundancy which is a predictable property of a multiple V gene family maintained by expansion and contraction mechanisms. The mRNA-H used in these hybridization studies was isolated by a specific interaction with immunoglobulin. The same method has also been used to isolate a nuclear precursor of mRNA-H. Identification of this precursor strengthens the evidence for the direct joining of the V and C gene pair at the DNA level prior to transcription. PMID- 803237 TI - Laboratory practices in mycobacteriology: results of a survey of Oklahoma laboratories. PMID- 803238 TI - Editorial: Somatostatin, hormone inhibitor. PMID- 803239 TI - A hypothetical case of gastrointestinal bleeding: incorporating a management self test. AB - In this case study of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a problem-solving question and-answer format is used and is accompained by referenced discussion. The clinical area covered is one in which endoscopic and angiographic tools are available for diagnosis and tamponading devices and angiographic perfusion techniques exist for mangement. Of course, many varibles affect diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, but logic often dictates directions in management. The availability of skilled endoscopists and angiographers is an important factor in the optimal management of the patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom the source of bleeding is unknown. PMID- 803240 TI - Office bacteriology. AB - Cultures of the urine, throat and genitalia account for 90 percent of the cultures performed in an outpatient setting. The presence of a urinary tract infection, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci or Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be ascertained easily, quickly, accurately and inexpensively in an office laboratory. Only a modest investment and a small amount of space are necessary. PMID- 803241 TI - Editorial: Use and abuse of diuretics. PMID- 803243 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of N-D-alanyl-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid. PMID- 803242 TI - Cytostatic, cytocidal and potential antitumor properties of a class of quinoid compounds, initiators of the dormant state in the spores of Agaricus bisporus. AB - Evidence indicates that dormancy is initiated in the spores of Agaricus bisporus by two quinoid compounds that appear in the zygote during the prodromal period of sporulation. Both are derivatives of a phenol, gamma-L-glutaminyl-4 hydroxybenzene. When purified, these quinoids specifically inhibit mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and protein synthesis in the mushroom and have comparable effects with rat liver mitochondria and ribosomes, with intact bacteria, and with bacterial ribosomes and RNA polymerase in vitro. Five species of mouse ascites tumor cells showed prompt and marked inhibitions of nucleic acid and protein synthesis when millimolar concentrations of these quinoids were added to the tissue culture medium of the tumor cells. Only a small percentage of the cells was killed immediately, as judged by trypan blue uptake. When large numbers of exposed BP8 sarcoma and EL4 leukemic cells were reinjected intraperitoneally into histocompatible mice, the survival times of these animals were notably prolonged beyond those of animals injected with tumor cells that had not been exposed to these inhibitors. In a dose-dependent manner, increasing concentrations of inhibitors produced proportionate increments in survival time, while higher concentrations totally abolished tumor cell growth. The findings indicate that these simple quinoid compounds, which initiate the dormant state in spores, produce a cytostatic state in mammalian tumor cells and thus potentially have strong antitumor properties (Am J Pathol 78:33-48, 1975). PMID- 803244 TI - Synthesis and microbiological activities of some monohalogenated analogs of tyrosine. AB - 2-Chlorotyrosine and 2-bromotyrosine, as well as the previously reported 2 fluorotyrosine, were synthesized by hydrolysis of the condensation products from the appropriate benzyl bromide and ethyl acetamidomalonate and were compared with the corresponding 3-halotyrosines as growth inhibitors of Escherichia coli 9723, Streptococcus faecalis 8043 and Lactobacillus plantarum 8014. In contrast to the 2- and 3-fluorotyrosines which were equally effective as growth inhibitors, the 2 chloro- and 2-bromotyrosines were much more effective than the 3-chloro- and 3 bromotyrosines in inhibiting the growth of the three microorganisms. For each of the assay organisms, the growth inhibitions of all three 2-halotyrosines were reversed competitively in varying degrees by tyrosine. PMID- 803245 TI - Quinuclidine chemistry. 3. Beta-cis-2-(4'-Chlorobenzhydryl)-3-quinuclidinol, a new central nervous system stimulant. Importance of the benzhydryl configuration. AB - The 1,4 addition of p-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide to 2-benzylidene-3 quinuclidinone gave 2-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)-3-quinuclidinone as two diastereoisomers. Selective reduction of this ketone with aluminum isopropoxide gave the two cis-2-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)-3-quinuclidinols, which differ only in the configuration of the benzhydryl group, designated alpha and beta in order of their elution on chromatography. Reduction with NaBH4 gave a mixture of four isomeric alcohols, of which the two cis isomers were selectively oxidized. The two trans-2-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)-3-quinuclidinols were chromatographically separated and desingated alpha and beta in order of elution. Only the beta-cis and beta-trans alcohols showed CNS stimulant properties. The beta-cis isomer was shown to be related both qualitatively and quantitatively more to methylphenidate (Ritalin) than to d-amphetamine. PMID- 803246 TI - Pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidine antibacterial agents. 3. 8-Alkyl- and 8-vinyl-5,8-dihydro 5-oxo-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acids and their derivatives. AB - The preparation and antibacterial activity of a series of the title compounds (21 73) are described. These compounds were prepared from the 2-methylthio derivatives 2 and 3 via the 2-methylthio-8-substituted compounds 4-20; compounds 4-20 easily underwent displacement reactions with a variety of piperazines to afford 2-(4-substituted or unsubstituted 1-piperazinyl) derivatives 21-56, of which 21, 22, 27 and 51 with unsubstituted piperazinyl group at position 2 are converted subsequently into 57-73 by alkylation, acylation, sulfonylation, or addition of isocyanates to the piperazine nitrogen. The hexahydro-1H-1,4 diazepinyl analog 74 was also prepared. The most active members in this series of compounds were found to be 8-ethyl- and 8-vinyl-5,8-dihydro-5-oxo-2-(1 piperazinyl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acids (22 and 51), both of which are more active in vitro and in vivo against gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, than piromidic acid (1). Structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 803247 TI - Distribution of prostaglandin E 9-KETOREDUCTASE AND TYPES I and II 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in swine kidney medulla and cortex. AB - Prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase, NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I), and NADP+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type II) have been partially purified from swine renal medulla and cortex. Eleven times more NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity was found in the cortex than in the medulla. On the other hand, about twice as much NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase activity was found in the medulla than in the cortex. The prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase activities were equally distributed in the swine kidney cortex and medulla. PMID- 803248 TI - A marked dependence of the comparative effectiveness of neutrons on tumour line, and its implications for clinical trials. AB - The responses of five transplantable rat tumour lines to neutron and X irradiation have been compared by a method in which radiation-induced delay in tumour growth is used as a measure of effect. All the tumours were sarcomas and were irradiated at the same size, after growth in the same site, and under standard conditions. This group of similar tumours exhibited a large range in values of RBE in a dose range within which fractions of hypoxic cells did not detectably influence the result of X irradiation. Of the five tumour lines used, there were two pairs the members of which had a common origin and were histologically similar; the greatest differences in RBE values were between members of the pairs. These results suggest that the therapeutic use of high LET radiation cannot be expected uniformly to achieve local control better than conventional treatment of tumours at a given site, or even of a given histological type. Research is needed into methods that will have predictive value for the relative success of neutron therapy. PMID- 803249 TI - Midbrain and callosal influences on the spread of focal cortical epileptic activity. PMID- 803250 TI - Sulfonylurea-induced factitious hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic nurse. AB - A case of sulfonylureainduced factitious hypoglycemia occurring in a nondiabetic medical nurse is reported. The patient presented with symptoms of hypoglycemia, consistently low fasting plasma glucose values and a reversal of symptoms with glucose administration. An intravenous tolbutamide provocative test on two occasions showed little increase in plasma glucose values. The case is presented to illustrate that sulfonylureainduced hypoglycemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fasting adult hypoglycemia, especially in paramedical personnel, and particularly in those with a poor response to the intravenous tolbutamide test. PMID- 803251 TI - Letter: Management of convulsion. PMID- 803252 TI - The management of stages I, II, and III Hodgkin's disease with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - An analysis and progress report is presented of the randomized clinical trials testing the value of adjuvant MOPP chemotherapy with irradiation in the management of Hodgkin's disease. The 213 patients with Stages IA through IIIB have been followed for periods of up to 64 months. The chemotherapy controls the occult disease, resulting in significant improvement in disease-free survival (p = .002). Over-all survival is not yet affected, however, with combined 5-year survival results of 92% and 88% in the two groups. The treatment program is difficult but feasible. No increased incidence of second malignancies has been observed in this study group. It is premature to conclude that adjuvant MOPP chemotherapy is indicated in the radiation management of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 803253 TI - The Cancer Control Program. AB - The Cancer Control Program (CCP) was established by Congress to develop and to implement a coordinated national effort to reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality in the United States. The program helps ensure that existing knowledge concerning cancer in prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation will be disseminated and applied as rapidly and effectively as possible. The program utilizes both contracts and, to a more limited extent, grants. Program objectives and specific projects have been delineated. PMID- 803254 TI - Pharmacology of a new triazine antifolate in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. AB - Triazinate (TZT), a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, was selected for detailed investigation to determine its mechanism of selective action as well as its metabolic fate in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. The serum disappearance of TZT in normal and tumor-bearing mice was similar, with a rapid tissue equilibration phase and a slower elimination phase. Serum disappearance in normal and tumor-bearing rats was 1.5 to 2.2 hr. Serum disappearance in dogs and monkeys was similar, with half-lives of 3 to 4 and 2 to 4 hr, respectively. Urinary excretion of TZT at 24 hr was only 5 to 6% of the injected dose in mice and rats; in contrast, the dogs excreted 60% of the injected dose in 8 hr. TZT accumulated to comparable degrees in the organs of rats and mice, with progressively lesser concentrations in liver, kidney, spleen, and brain. Dihydrofolate reductase activity became almost undectectable in all tissues studied within 15 min after drug adminsitration. An important difference in drug accumulation was in the ascites cells of tumor-bearing animals: in mice, the drug level was consistently lower in the L1210 cells than in the ascites fluid; in contrast, by 30 min after treatment with TZT the drug level in Walker 256 cells was 10-fold higher than the level in the ascites fluid. No evidence for drug metabolism was found in extracts of urine, feces, or organ tissues from either mice or rats. TZT and two related triazines were studied for their ability to accumulate in the cerbrospinal fluid of dogs after i.v. administration. TZT achieved a cerebrospinal fluid level of approximately 15% of the serum concentration at 1 hr; in contrast, the other two triazines reached maximum cerebrospinal fluid values of 1% at 1 hr. PMID- 803255 TI - Intestinal diamine oxidase of some teleostean fishes. PMID- 803256 TI - Structural glycoproteins from sponge intercellular matrix. PMID- 803257 TI - Electrophoretic studies of the relationship of peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase, and indoleacetic acid oxidase to cold tolerance of alfalfa. PMID- 803258 TI - [Correlation between occurrence of masticatory organ abnormalities and refractive errors]. PMID- 803259 TI - Effects of biogenic amines and TRH on release of prolactin and TSH in the rat. AB - The effects of a single injection of drugs on serum prolactin and TSH were determined in male and in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. The precursor of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan(5-HTP), produced a significant rise in serum prolactin and TSH, whereas para chloroamphetamine, a depletor of serotonin, elicited a fall in serum prolactin and TSH. alpha-methylmetatyrosine (alpha-MMT) and reserpine, both depressors of brain catecholamine (CA) and serotonin levels, evoked significant increases in serum prolactin and reductions in serum TSH. Injection of alpha-MMT or reserpine together with 5-HTP further elevated serum prolactin but prevented any significant change in serum TSH. This suggests that the ability of alpha-MMT and reserpine to inhibit TSH release is mediated through a reduction in brain serotonin and not via a decrease in CA. alpha methylparatyrosine, which inhibits CA synthesis without altering serotonin, evoked a marked increase in serum prolactin but had no effect on serum TSH. L dopa administration significantly reduced serum prolactin values but had no significant effect on serum TSH. Synthetic TRH increased both serum prolactin and TSH levels in male rats, but when it was injected after L-dopa administration, it did not elicit any rise in serum prolactin and evoked the same increase in serum TSH. This suggest that L-dopa acts directly or indirectly on the pituitary prolactin cells to inhibit TRH stimulation of prolactin release, but does not influence the action of TRH on pituitary TSH cells. Pilocarpine decreased serum prolactin, but had no significant effect on serum TSH values. The present study suggests that only serotonergic drugs produce similar effects on release of prolactin and TSH, whereas drugs that alter CA and pilocarpine depress prolactin release but have little or no effect of TSH. PMID- 803260 TI - Production and measurement of exophthalmos-producing factor in guinea pigs. AB - Although the extent of proptosis in exophthalmic Graves' disease has been measured directly and shown to correlate with serum content of a bioassayable exophthalmus-producing factor (EPS;1), a comparable relationship in an experimental model has not been reported. Progressive exophthalmos, measured from photographs and expressed as a ratio of intercorneal distance to intersupraorbital ridge distance, was produced in male guinea pigs when thyroid status was altered either by surgical thyroidectomy supplemented with 131-I treatment or by the administration of 6-propyl-2 thiouracil (0.1% in chow). In both groups, at time of sacrifice, serum content of EPF estimated by a modified goldfish bioassay using a known exophthalmogeric TSH preparation (Ambinon, Organon-Oss) as standard was positively correlated (r equals 0.804) with the terminal degree of exophthalmos. Daily replacement therapy with T4 (15mug/kg body wt) failed to alter significantly the exophthalmos which developed, even when replacement was initiated prior to the alterations of thyroid gland function; this observation tends to eliminate thyroid hormone deficiency per se as the causal event in exophthalmos. T4 treatment did, however, reverse or prevent the rises in serum TSH levels (McKenzie bioassay) thus dissociating TSH activity from EPF activity in the guinea pig. Treatment of guinea pigs with synthetic TRH (0.5, 1.0 OR 10 mug/kg body wt) for 21 days failed to produce demonstrable exophthalmos or assayable EPF levels although plasma TSH was significantly elevated. PMID- 803262 TI - The isolation of some polypeptides from the thylakoid membrane, their localization and function. PMID- 803261 TI - Activation of bee venom phospholipase A2 by fatty acids, aliphatic anhydrides and glutaraldehyde. PMID- 803263 TI - Soluble and insoluble antigens of human spermatozoa. AB - Human spermatozoa separated from normal semen were washed with NaC1 (0.9%)and then were washed nine and 20 times with water. Soluble and insoluble fractions were thus obtained. Proteins, nucleoproteins, lipids, and carbohydrates were determined in both fractions. Different subproducts were obtained from the insoluble fraction, and analysis of diffusible proteins was made by disc electrophoresis. They were also used as antigens in immunoserologic reactions against anti-human seminal plasma, antihuman serum proteins, and anti-insoluble fraction of sperm cells. Aglycopeptide, isolated from human seminal plasma, was also employed as antigen against the antisera. The following results were observed: (1) the soluble fraction showed a high concentration of proteins and carbohydrates and a negligible amount of nucleic acid; (2) the insoluble fraction (nine times washed spermatozoa) had a high content of proteins, low concentration of carbohydrates, and no lipids; (3) cross reactions were observed by immunodiffusion test among spermatozoa washed nine times, spermatozoa washed 20 times, seminal plasma and soluble fraction against antiseminal plasma and anti insoluble fraction SRM9, suggesting the presence of similar antigenic groups; and (4) immunoelectrophoresis showed three arcs for nine times washed speratozoa against anti-insoluble fraction and anti-seminal plasma. PMID- 803264 TI - Uterine copper distribution in monkeys implanted with copper-carrying intrauterine devices. AB - Chemical and histochemical analyses were carried out on uteri of four monkeys in which plastic IUDs or Cu-IUDs had been implanted for 36 to 43 days. The mean uterine copper content of the plastic-treated animals was 1.1 mug/gm (mean of two), while this value for the Cu-IUD treated monkeys was 1.7 mug/gm. The copper was distributed primarily in the cyclically renewed regions of the endometrium: the luminal fluid, endometrial surface, and superficial lamina propria. The element was localized and was not uniformly distributed in these regions. Copper analyses of plasma, liver, and kidney showed no differences between these two groups. Histopathologic evaluation revealed some areas of edema and increased numbers of neutrophils in plastic-IUD-treated animals. In the Cu-IUD-implanted monkeys, similar changes were observed as was a flattening of the surface epithelium. The endometrium had a loose areolar appearance. The copper elution rate was about 90 mug/day, about twice that observed in women using Cu-IUDs. PMID- 803265 TI - Variation in protein structure and inborn errors in metabolism. PMID- 803266 TI - Histological observations in the normal monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - As a basis for studies of the histologic effect of visual deprivation, cell section areas were determined in all six laminae from the anterior, central, and posterior regions of both lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from a normal macaque monkey. No significant cell size variations existed between the right and left LGN's, between the contiguous parvocellular and magnocellular laminae of the same LGN, and between parvocellular sizes in varous regions of the LGN's. In the magnocellular laminae, cell section areas increased in an anteroposterior direction. PMID- 803267 TI - Retinal and cortical electrophysiological responses to instantaneous frequency shifts in light modulated above fusion. AB - Simultaneously recorded visual-evoked responses and electroretinograms are reported for a transient response produced by an abrupt change in the frequency of a light modulated above fusion. A principal components analysis was made of the recorded waveforms, and results of this analysis and their possible significance to clinical electrophysiology are discussed. PMID- 803268 TI - Air trabeculotomy. AB - Retrograde air injection into an episcleral aqueous vein of ten rhesus monkey eyes resulted in multiple microscopic ruptures in the inner canal wall and trabecular meshwork, without trabecular detachment or damage to the other canal walls and the surrounding tissues. After air trabeculotomy, a 41% decrease in outflow resistance was observed. PMID- 803269 TI - Sulfur hexafluoride in owl monkey vitreous cavity. AB - Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas, tested in the vitreous chamber of owl monkey eyes, remained in the vitreous cavity about twice as long as air (ten to 11 days vs. five to six days). Its volume expanded from the diffusion of other gases into the created gas pocket. Lens opacities developed when the lens was in continuous contact with SF6 or air. Sulfur hexafluoride appeared to be no more toxic to the retina than air, using electroretinographic, histologic, and electron microscopic criteria. PMID- 803270 TI - Synthesis of glycolytic and peroxisomal enzymes in Tetrahymena following a change in culture conditions. AB - The specific activity of a peroxisomal enzyme, lactate oxidase, and of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, which are not peroxisomal, increased rapidly when shaken cultures of Tetrahymena were transferred to conditions of oxygen restriction and supplemented with glucose. Two other peroxisomal enzymes, catalase and TPN-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, did not increase substantially, nor did succinate dehydrogenase. The increases were reduced if glucose was not added at the time of transfer, and were prevented by actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not by chloramphenicol. The results suggest an involvement of peroxisomes in the metabolism of glycolytic endproducts when the availability of oxygen to the cell is limiting. PMID- 803272 TI - Uridine uptake in a unicellular eukaryote during the interdivision period and after growth arrest. AB - The rate of uridine uptake was measured in Tetrahymena after shiftdown to non nutrient physiological salt solution. Uptake follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics and an apparent Km of transport of 2 X 10-minus 6 M has been estimated. This value is in good agreement with those reported for tissue-derived cells in culture. Incorporation of uridine into RNA follows similar kinetics suggesting that uptake is rate limiting for incorporation. Within three hours after shiftdown the rate of uptake is decreased by an order of magnitude. Also at three hours after shiftdown pairing occurs between cells of complementary mating types. It seems likely that the change in uptake is a reflection of a surface change associated with differentiation. The rate of uptake was also measured during the interdivision period using cells synchronized by a physical selection procedure. A change in rate occurs at the time the cells begin replication of DNA and is essentially stable thereafter. These results indicate that there exists in Tetrahymena a relationship between surface properties as assayed by uridine uptake and properties of growth and differentiation. PMID- 803271 TI - Effect of chloramphenicol on replication of mitochondria in Tetrahymena. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis ST (3 X 10-4 cells/ml) was treated with 0.1 mg/ml chloramphenicol (CAP). Cell division ceased after 1.5 divisions with no decreased viability. Total mitochondrial volume and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity/liter increased 1.7-fold and 3-fold, respectively. SDH activity/cell decreased whereas malate dehydrogenase activity/cell and respiratory control ratios and P:O ratios of isolated mitochondria were unchanged in treated cells. During 12 hours of growth in CAP the total surface area of mitochondrial inner and outer membrane was essentially unchanged or increased 4-fold, respectively. Mitochondria from cells treated with chloramphenicol had decreased size, buoyant density and protein:lipid ratio in the membranes. The membrane ubiquinone:protein ratio was unchanged. Tetrahymena cells contained 3.6 X 10-minus 12 g of mitochondrial DNA and 6,800 mitochondria in a volume of 41,000 mu-3. A 4-hour treatment with CAP caused a 4-fold increase in the number of mitochondria/cell and a 10-fold increase in mitochondria/liter in contrast to a 4-fold increase in number of mitochondria/liter in control cells. Thus CAP stimulated division of mitochondria. Individual mitochondria of treated cells had one-tenth the volume of control mitochondria. The rate of increase of mitochondrial DNA/liter was the same in control and CAP-treated cultures. The amount of DNA/mitochondrion decreased 75% in CAP-treated cells due to the rapid division of mitochondria. The cell volume, cell protein content and mitochondrial DNA content/cell decreased with growth of control cultures. PMID- 803273 TI - Toxicity of aerosols. PMID- 803274 TI - Idiopathic cervical infections in children: reports of three cases. PMID- 803275 TI - Human serum immunoglobulin concentrations: prevalence of immunoglobulin deficiencies. AB - Classical antibody deficiency syndromes, such as sex-linked aggammaglobulinemia, are rare and relatively homogeneous in presentation. In the present investigation an unselected group of 3,213 individuals from a community health study was examined in an attempt to estimate the prevalence of the commoner and largely unclassified examples of immunoglobulin deficiencies defined by the lower 2.5 per cent of the population. The prevalence of selective IgA deficiency (an isolated absence of IgA) was 0.097 per cent and that for selective IgM deficiency was 0.03 per cent. No isolated absence of IgG was found. In addition to these deficiency syndromes, concentrations of each of the immunoglobulins were found to be highly correlated to each other. PMID- 803276 TI - Idea exchange: fiber in the diet. PMID- 803277 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis with influenza antigens. I. Use of avian plague virus to detect type-specific antibodies to influenza A in human sera. AB - Avian plague virus was used as antigen in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. This virus was selected because it detects only type-specific influenza A antibodies in human sera, avoiding the possible interference of other antigens with anodic migration. The results with reference sera, as well as the correlation of positive sera found by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation with the proposed antigen, in the absence of other types of antibodies to fowl plague virus antigen, support the conclusion that the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique reveals type-specific antibodies. The test is more sensitive than immunodiffusion but less sensitive than complement fixation. Its sensitivity, simplicity, and rapidity make it suitable for serologic surveys of human influenza A. PMID- 803278 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of bovine acrosin. AB - Acrosin, a trypsin-like proteinase, was localized in the acrosome of methanol fixed bovine spermatoza by the indirect immunofluorescent technique. Anti-acrosin immunoglobulin was obtained from a rabbit immunized with highly purified bovine acrosin. The results of agarose-gel immunnodiffusion analyses indicated that although the antibody was specific for the acrosomal enzyme, it cross-related with ovine acrosin. PMID- 803279 TI - Mobilization of synaptic membrane-bound calcium by acidic amino acids. PMID- 803280 TI - Immunofluorescence in diagnosis of measles infections in children. AB - Nasopharyngeal cells of 24 patients diagnosed as being in the prodromal phase or with established measles were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of measles antigen. Eighteen patients were positive for measles antigen by this technique. In ten of the 18 patients it was necessary to remove masking globulins from the antigen-containing cells prior to staining. Results obtained by immunofluorescence were supported by cytologic and serologic findings. No virus isolations were achieved. Immunofluorescence microscopy with elution of adherent globulins offers the most rapid and sensitive method for the laboratory diagnosis of measles. PMID- 803281 TI - Total parenteral nutrition. The state of the art. PMID- 803283 TI - Cyclic changes in the metabolism of glycogen in cervical mucus of bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). PMID- 803282 TI - Hepatic ductular hypoplasia associated with characteristic facies, vertebral malformations, retarded physical, mental, and sexual development, and cardiac murmur. AB - Among 30 children with hepatic ductular hypoplasia and normal extrahepatic bile ducts, 15 formed a hemogeneous, readily recognizable group. In addition to chronic cholestasis, they have characteristic facies, a mesosystolic murmur, vertebral arch defects, growth retardation, mental retardation, and hypogonadism. Typical biochemical and histologic features aid in differentiation of this group from patients with other varieties of biliary disease. PMID- 803284 TI - Correlation between the concentration of beta-trace protein and the number of spermatozoa in human semen. PMID- 803285 TI - Susceptibility of freshly picked ear corn to invasion by fungi. AB - High-moisture ear corn held 9 days at 23 C remained free of visible mold or evidence of Aspergillus flavus invasion provided there was no mechanical damage of the kernels. PMID- 803286 TI - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyl formulations on the growth of estuarine bacteria. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyl formulations inhibited the growth of certain estuarine bacteria. The sensitive strains, although exhibiting some similar physiological characteristics, contained both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 803287 TI - Degradation of N-nitrosamines by intestinal bacteria. AB - A major proportion of bacterial types, common in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals and man, were active in degrading diphenylnitrosamine and dimethylnitrosamine, the former being degraded more rapidly than the latter. At low nitrosamine concentrations (is less than 0.05 micronmol/ml), approximately 55% of added diphenylnitrosamine, 30% of N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and 4% of dimethylnitrosamine were degraded. The route of nitrosamine metabolism by bacteria appears to be different from that proposed for breakdown by mammalian enzyme systems in that carbon dioxide and formate were not produced. In bacteria, the nitrosamines were converted to the parent amine and nitrite ion and, in addition, certain unidentified volatile metabolites were produced from dimethylnitrosamine by bacteria. The importance of bacteria in reducing the potential hazard to man of nitrosamines is discussed. PMID- 803289 TI - The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-222) and prepaid group practice plans. AB - Passage of the 1973 Health Maintenance Organization Act (P.L. 93-222) represents a significant effort by the Federal government to experiment with organizational change in the structure of the health care delivery system. The history of the bill is briefly reviewed. The most important sections of the bill are analyzed from the perspective of an existing prepaid group practice plan. The author concludes that the bill contains sufficiently stringent requirements that it will not result in a major increase in the number of Health Maintenance Organizations unless similar requirements are imposed on other private insurance carriers. Furthermore, significant allowance for "phasing in" will be required for the existing prepaid group practice prototype plans to qualify for Federal certification. PMID- 803288 TI - Preparation of protoplasts of group H streptococci (Streptococcus sanguis). AB - Stable protoplasts of several strains of group H streptococci (Streptococcus sanguis) can be prepared by use of group C streptococcal phage-associated lysin in the presence of 30% raffinose. Sucrose cannot be substituted for raffinose. Protoplast formation did not require the addition of Mg2+; however, this cation enhanced their stability. Some other strains, also presumptive group H streptococci, were not sensitive to phage-associated lysin. PMID- 803291 TI - A comparison of maintenance and nonmaintenance outpatient prescription directions, durations of coverage, and costs per day. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study on maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs written for outpatients not covered by prescription insurance. The average cost to the patient for a day's supply of drugs, as well as the average dosage, frequency of administration, and length of duration for maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs were examined. The objective of the study was to present the economics and prescribing patterns for the two groups of drugs in order to provide data on the costs involved and the prescribing patterns of physicians. The results of comparing the various components of maintenance and nonmaintenance drugs revealed that significant differences exist in the dosage direction, frequency of administration, units prescribed per day, lengths of duration, costs per day, prescription prices, and quantities prescribed and dispensed. Maintenance drug prescriptions tend to have lower dosage directions, costs per day, and frequencies of administration and higher quantities prescribed and dispensed, prescription prices, and lengths of duration. Two variables, frequency of administration and quantity prescribed, were found to have the greatest influence on the cost per day and length of duration for maintenance drug prescriptions. It is the conclusion of this study that further examination into the factors which influence the physician when he specifies the frequency of administration and quantity to prescribe on maintenance drug prescriptions be conducted. PMID- 803290 TI - An index of insurance adequacy for fertility-related health care. AB - Health insurance plans are evaluated here in terms of ability to guarantee financial access to a set of basic fertility-related health services. Extent of coverage is determined by whether a service is a contract benefit, its market cost, and how often it is used in a given population in one year. Comprehensive coverage removes a deterrent to utilization of preventive care such as well-baby visits, prenatal care, and family planning. In a total population of women of child-bearing age, each is likely to need some fertility-related care in a given year. The method of calculating adequacy involves using best available estimates of deliveries, abortions, etc. per 1,000 women, and, within each category, of components such as cesarean section. Local or national cost data can be used to derive an average cost per service and an aggregate for a group. The method of comparing this with plan benefits depends on the way benefits are expressed. Jacksonville, Fla. medical market data were used in a trial of the method on a plan for Federal employees, which shows 70 per cent coverage of estimated expense. PMID- 803292 TI - Community Mental Health--new approaches for rural areas using psychiatric social workers. AB - In 1970, a private medical group practice serving a large rural area introduced pyschiatric social workers in an integrated clinic to provide accessible mental health services to all economic levels in the community. Public acceptance confirmed the demand. The rapidity with which other community mental health needs were subsequently recognized in the area, service instituted, and community funds and manpower mobilized to develop new community programs documents the rising awareness of health care needs in traditionally conservative rural areas. The acceptance by community members and physicians of psychiatric social workers as members of the health care team suggests the desirability of the group practice clinic for the introduction of nonphysician mental health care professionals. The unique position of the medical group practice for innovation in community health care delivery in outlying areas is evident. PMID- 803293 TI - Medicaid, morbidity, and physician use. AB - Medical programs which provide services for low-income persons who have high medical needs have been criticized for high costs and have raised questions about overuse of physician services. A Baltimore SMSA household interview of use of health services permitted comparison of use of physician and preventive services controlled for morbidity by Medicaid recipients and two other income groups. Medicaid recipients were sickest and had higher physician use. They were more likely to have visits suggested by a physician, to be asked to return, and to be given injections. Physician visit rates were higher for each morbidity category, particularly for Medicaid healthy, who also used more preventive services in two weeks. Higher use of services by Medicaid recipients is accounted for by higher morbidity and increased need and demand for preventive services. Constraints on the use of physician services now most directly affect use of preventive services by those of low income without Medicaid benefits in the Baltimore SMSA. PMID- 803295 TI - Cost of prescription drugs. PMID- 803294 TI - Methods for measuring the thyroxine-binding proteins and free thyroid hormone concentration in serum. PMID- 803296 TI - Letter: Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 803297 TI - Letter: Therapy of lactic acidosis. PMID- 803298 TI - Pituitary-thyroid responsiveness to intramuscular thyrotropin-releasing hormone based on analyses of serum thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine and thyrotropin concentrations. AB - To develop a test of pituitary-thyroid responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone that would obviate the need for measuring serum thyrotropin, we determined serum thyrotropin, thyroxine, and tri-iodothyronine concentrations before and at frequent intervals after the intramuscular administration of 2 mg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects and in patients with a variety of thyroid disorders. In specimens obtained four and five hours after administration of the hormone to normal subjects, serum thyroxine concentration increased 2.4 plus or minus 0.7 mug per 100 ml (mean plus or minus S.D.) over base-line values, the magnitude of increase being greater than 1.5 mug per 100 ml in 32 of 34 subjects. Serum thyroxine concentrations after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone did not increase in 11 hyperthyroid patients. Of 13 with hypothyroidism, increases in 12 were 0 to 0.7 mug per 100 ml; in one the increment was 1.2 mug per 100 ml. Measurement of the serum thyroxine response to intramuscular thyrotropin-releasing hormone will usually suffice to determine the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid complex. PMID- 803299 TI - Letter: Neurofibromatosis and SLE. PMID- 803300 TI - Vaccination of non-human primates against malignant lymphoma. PMID- 803301 TI - Uptake of environmental antigens by the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 803302 TI - Different effector cell types in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 803303 TI - Analysis of x-ray-induced chromosomal translocations in human and marmoset spermatogonial stem cells. PMID- 803304 TI - Lateral hypothalamic demyelination and cachexia in a case of "malignant" multiple sclerosis. AB - A 41-year old woman had profound weight loss and cachexia as a manifestation of rapidly fatal multiple sclerosis. Demyelinating lesions were present in the lateral hypothalamus. Data from animal experiments have indicated that lateral hypothalamic lesions cause a weight loss associated with a lowering of the regulation level or "set-point" for body weight. This case suggests, therefore, that a rapid decline in the level of maintained body weight in a patient without pituitary disease or general organic disorder, or distinct emotional disorder, may represent a clinical manifestation of tissue injury of the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 803306 TI - Nervous function after right hemispherectomy. AB - A hemispherectomy was performed on a girl of 20 because of progressively uncontrollable seizures and behavioral changes resulting from major head trauma at the age of five. Psychomotor development up to this age had been normal. Today she shows little impairment in higher nervous function depending on the ablated hemisphere. Left-sided motor performance has improved and sensory deficit is scant. There is no hemianopia and the right eye visual field is enlarged. Dichotic listening shows left ear preference and no lesion effect. These findings suggest that significant and positive adaptation may occur in mature brain. PMID- 803305 TI - Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and probenecid were examined in 14 children with epilepsy (ages 6 months to 17 years) and 17 controls (ages 14 months to 16 years). The concentrations of amine metabolites were significantly correlated with probenecid concentrations in both groups of children. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of 5-HIAA were 63.6 ng per milliliter plus or minus 8.23 S.E.M. and 117 ng per milliliter plus or minus 11.6 S.E.M. for the epilepsy and control groups respectively. HVA averaged 89.1 ng per milliliter plus or minus 15.2 S.E.M in epilepsy and 172 ng per milliliter plus or minus 19.2 S.E.M. in the control group. These findings indicate a significant difference between epilepsy and control groups. Probenecid concentrations were similar in each group. The reduced cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolite concentrations in children with epilepsy were not related to age, anticonvulsant medication, cerebrospinal fluid folate or protein concentration, or cerebrospinal fluid cell count. Our findings suggest a relationship between brain amines and epilepsy. PMID- 803307 TI - Influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the postmenopausal female. AB - Daily blood samples were obtained from 5 postmenopausal patients for 21 days and analyzed for plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone, estradiol, progesterone, and serum T4. On days 8 through 14, oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered, 50 mg, 4 times a day. All patients showed asignificant T4 response. There was, however, no significant change in the plasma FSH, LH, estrone, estradiol, or progesterone. We conclude that oral administration ofTRH has no influence on the elevated circulating concentration of FSH and LH seen in the postmenopausal female. PMID- 803308 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid a1-antitrypsin values were determined by radial immunodiffusion of 317 samples obtained between the 10th and 43rd weeks of gestation in normal pregnant patients and those with complications. Serial determinations of a1 antitrypsin values revealed that in normal patients values decreased as pregnancy advanced while values increased as pregnancy advanced in cases in which there was severe Rh-alloimmunization and hydramnios. A wide range of values was observed for each week of gestation. Although there was a definite tendency for values to decrease as pregnancy advanced (60.8 mg/100 ml before 30 weeks and 17.9/100 ml after 40 weeks); the method must be regarded as unreliable for determining fetal maturity in clinical practice. In the case of newborn infants with hyaline membrane disease, no decrease in amniotic fluid a1-antitrypsin values has been found. PMID- 803309 TI - Cystic fibrosis detection by means of a test-strip. AB - The effectiveness of meconium screening for albumin as an indication of cystic fibrosis is examined. BM-Test Meconium was applied to 69,000 investigations. In 60 positive tests, cystic fibrosis was confirmed later. No increased albumin content was observed in four cases of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 803310 TI - Treatment of atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis with rifampin. AB - The clinical response of atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis to standard antituberculous therapy has been disappointing. Surgical procedures in the anterior cervical triangle are difficult and often complete excision is impossible. In each of four children with atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis in this study, the institution of rifampin therapy was followed by complete resolution. Previously rifampin, a well-tolerated, orally administered drug, had been used effectively with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The place of this drug as a major alternative to surgical excision in cases of atypical mycobacterial cervical adentis is reviewed. PMID- 803311 TI - [Changes in the lymphoreticular system of animals following long-term immunization with antityphoid vaccine]. PMID- 803312 TI - [Evaluation of the results obtained in mycobacterium laboratory during from 1968 to 1972 (author's transl)]. PMID- 803313 TI - [Results of studying the clinical effectiveness of parenteral protein therapy in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 803314 TI - [Allogeneic rosette formation with erythrocytes that have been sensitized with rhesus antibodies]. PMID- 803315 TI - RNA synthesis and polyribosome metabolism in x-irradiated synchronized Tetrahymena. PMID- 803316 TI - Ionizing radiation-induced release of a cell surface nuclease from Micrococcus radiodurans. PMID- 803317 TI - A method for calculating the absorbed dose near interface from 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction. PMID- 803318 TI - The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. AB - The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is an inherited disorder of skeletal development characterized by short-trunked dwarfism, mental retardation, and a distinctive pattern of bone changes. The radiographic features seen in the 15 patients described in this report include platyspondyly with notched end plates of the vertebral bodies, small ilia with broad, frequently lacy crests, lateral displacement of the capital femoral epiphyses, and accessory ossification centers of the first metacarpals, proximal and middle phalanges. Cytological and biochemical data, notably a normal sulfate incorporation into acid mucopolysaccharides of cultured fibroblasts, indicate that the Dyggve-Melchior Clausen syndrome is not a mucopolysaccharidosis as has been previously suggested. PMID- 803319 TI - [Uncommonly abundant symptomatology of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum Fabry--a lipid storage disease]. PMID- 803320 TI - A direct spectrophotometric assay and determination of Michaelis constants for the beta-lactamase reaction. PMID- 803321 TI - A general NMR method for the assay of racemase activity with optically active or optically inactive substrates. PMID- 803322 TI - A sensitive atomic fluorescence system for metals in biological systems. PMID- 803323 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders of the thorax. PMID- 803324 TI - Treatment of coexistent angina pectoris and hypertension with prindolol. PMID- 803325 TI - The zigzag tube in the treatment of hydrocephalus. PMID- 803326 TI - Some properties of temperature-sensitive mutant of rubella virus defective in the induction of interference to Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 803327 TI - [Experiences in the determination of hepatitis B antigen in acute viral hepatitis]. AB - The antigen of hepatitis B was repeatedly examined in 1356 adults patients with acute viral hepatitis. In 701 patients the HBAg was positive at the beginning of illness and in 657 was negative. The maximum of the negative HBAg results could be found in the lower age groups, whereas the maximum of the positive HBAg results was shifted to the 5th and 6th decade. In HBAg positive cases of hepatitis more numerous anicteric and asymptomatic forms could be observed on the other hand, however, at the same time also o more cholestatic forms and subacute necrotizing and malignant forms appeared. The HBAg positive hepatitis had on average also a more serious form and course. From the epidemiological point of view the admission to the hospital, which preceded in 51% of patients appeared as the most important factor. In 16.3% of patients the HBAg postivity persisted still 6 months after the discharge from the hospital. PMID- 803328 TI - [Rare cases of perimaxillary infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 803329 TI - [Case of light chain disease]. PMID- 803330 TI - [IgG, IgA, and IgM serum levels in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 803331 TI - Hyperalimentation in traumatic rupture of pancreas. PMID- 803332 TI - [The influence of extreme differences in nutrient supply on the skeletal development and on the occurrence of skeletal changes in pigs of the German indigenous breed]. PMID- 803333 TI - [Relationship between clinical deficiency symptoms and enzyme activity in zinc deficiency]. PMID- 803334 TI - Dynamics of the fatty acid composition of sow's colostrum and milk fat. PMID- 803335 TI - [The effect of two teratogens, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, on the embryo of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens-rufescens)]. PMID- 803336 TI - [The influence of transport stress on serum GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK activity in calves]. PMID- 803337 TI - The nucleic acid content of consecutive ejaculates of buffalo and Friesian bulls. PMID- 803338 TI - Transposition of the aorta and atresia of the pulmonary trunk in a heifer. PMID- 803339 TI - [Feto-maternal immunization with alloantigens HL-A and ABO, Rh antigens in pregnant women]. PMID- 803340 TI - Electron microscopy of phages liberated by megacin A producing lysogenic Bacillus megaterium strains. AB - Mitomycin C was added at fairly high concentration (5-10 mug/ml) to exponentially growing cultures of selected strains of Bacillus megaterium. Lysis of the bacteria followed, associated by liberation of phage and megacin A production. In contrast, a low concentration (0.5 mug/ml) of mitomycin induced only megacin A production. Electron microscopic examination of the lysates induced by 5-10 mug/ml of mitomycin in 19 strains of B. megaterium showed them all to contain phages; most of the strains proved polylysogenic. Their lysates contained distinct complete phages of different structures and dimensions. A few strains released defective phage particles. The significance of the electron microscopic findings is discussed in relation to megacinogeny. PMID- 803341 TI - [Incidence of antibodies to Crimean haemorrhagic fever in animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 803342 TI - Phialophora mutabilis endocarditis. AB - This is the first reported case of fungal endocarditis due to vegetative growth of Phialophora mutabilis on a prosthetic mitral valve. The patient had rheumatic heart disease with mitral and aortic stenosis. Four months after the mitral and aortic valves had been replaced by prostheses the patient developed congestive failure. Because of increased left atrial pressure, the mitral prosthesis was replaced. A large matted obstructive fungal vegetation was found on the prosthesis. Culture of this vegetation grew Phialophora mutabilis. The patient died postoperatively, and at autopsy the fungus was not found in other tissues. Culturally and morphologically, P. mutabilis shows wide variation in pigmentation, colonial and microscopic appearance. Conidia formation from intercalary cells along the hyphae is somewhat similar to that of Aureobasidium spp. P. mutabilis was injected into mice. Mice pretreated with cortisone died 3 to 5 weeks after intraperitoneal inoculation, while the majority of untreated mice died within 20 weeks of inoculation. PMID- 803343 TI - Successful treatment of Pseudomonas meningitis and septicemia in a leukemic neutropenic adult. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is thought to be one of the main species of bacteria producing infection in leukemic patients, especially in those with neutropenia. Although bacteremia is frequent, hematogenous spread causing secondary meningitis is rarely seen. The mortality rate is extremely high. This is believed to be the first report of a successfully treated secondary meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an adult leukemic patient with a decreased neutrophil count. The patient was treated with intravenous Carbenicillin and gentamicin, and intrathecal gentamicin. The good clinical response was supported by a prompt return of the CSF to normal and by appropriate CSF antimicrobial concentration and bacteriostatic activity. PMID- 803344 TI - A preserved leukocyte preparation for quality control. AB - A preparation technic for stabilized leukocytes for quality control is described. Human leukocytes are separated from 5 ml. of blood using dextran; the erythrocytes are lysed with isotonic NH4Cl-Tris buffer, pH 7.2. The washed leukocytes are resuspended in 50 ml. of cacodylate HCl buffer, pH 7.4. Five ml. of 2.5% glutaraldehyde were slowly added, and preservation is accomplished by storage overnight at 4 C. The washed leukocytes are resuspended in physiologic saline solution containing 1:1,000 sodium azide, then stored at 4 C and at room temperature. The preparations were highly stable at both temperatures for at least 3 months, as indicated by both manjal and electronic leukocyte counts. PMID- 803345 TI - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rouleaux formation and hyperviscosity syndrome. Theory and fact. AB - Uncomplicated hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to hypergammaglobulinemic states seems to be associated with rouleaux formation on the peripheral blood film and a normal or near normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conversely, the concomitant finding of rouleaux formation with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate is highly suggestive of the hyperviscosity syndrome. The theoretical and factual justifications for this hypothesis are presented. PMID- 803346 TI - Low serum thyroxine in phenothiazine-treated psychiatric patients. AB - Five patients treated with phenothiazines for serious psychiatric disease had markedly depressed serum thyroxine concentrations. There were no clinical or other laboratory findings to suggest hypothyroidism. Additional studies revealed normal levels of thyroxine-binding globulin as assessed by triiodothyronine resin uptake, thyroid-binding globulin capacity, and free thyroxine concentration. In contrast to the low serum thyroxine, serum triiodothyronine concentration was nornal. PMID- 803347 TI - Elevated titers of serum agglutinators. A serologic indicator of infection. AB - Elevated titers of serum agglutinators (anti-FabIgG) are associated with significant and severe suppurative infection. Immunosuppression and long-term antibiotic therapy, however, may lead to negative tests. PMID- 803348 TI - Use of Tergitol-7 agar in the clinical laboratory. AB - Tergitol-7 agar has been utilized in the author's laboratory for eight years and has been found the superior medium for the rapid isolation, separation and identification of gram negative bacilli found in a clinical setting. PMID- 803349 TI - Children and lead poisoning. PMID- 803350 TI - Stopcock contamination in an ICU. PMID- 803351 TI - Antigenic relationships among phlebotomus fever group arboviruses and their implication for the epidemiology of sandfly fever. AB - The antigenic relationships of 21 known or presumed Phlebotomus fever group serotypes and of 2 ungrouped, solvent sensitive, sandfly-associated arboviruses (Pacui and Charleville) were studied by complement fixation, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination-inhibition methods. Results of complement fixation and neutralization tests were specific, allowing clear separation of the various serotypes, while those of the hemagglutination-inhibition test showed broader crossing and lack of specificity. Pacui virus was shown to be a member of the Phlebotomus fever serogroup. Six new Phlebotomus fever group serotypes are also described, increasing the known members of the group to 22. The implications of these and other recent data about the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed. PMID- 803352 TI - Rapid diagnosis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis by fluorescence microscopy. AB - Goat Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) antiserum and normal serum were conjugated and evaluated for staining sensitivity and specificity. Cross-staining with either eastern or western equine encephalomyelitis virus-infected cells did not occur. The baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell line when combined with highly specific VEE conjugate detected 100 medium suckling mouse intracerebral lethal doses (suckling mouse LD-50/IC) of the 1B subtype of VEE virus per milliliter of equine tissue suspension. Conjugated goat antiserum was assayed for sensitivity for detection of VEE virus-infected equine serums and tissue suspensions. The BHK 21 cell line was superior to either primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells or African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells for propagating the GJ9-1BJ subtype of VEE virus. PMID- 803353 TI - Carboxypeptidase B-like activity and C3 in cystic fibrosis. AB - Assays of carboxypeptidase B-like activity and C3 in serum from patients with cystic fibrosis and appropriate control subjects failed to demonstrate a deficiency of carboxypeptidase B-like activity or a consistent increase in C3, as was suggested by Conover and associates. Differences between men and women with cystic fibrosis were apparent, in that women with cystic fibrosis had higher concentrations of both serum carboxypeptidase B-like activity and C3 than either men with cystic fibrosis or control subjects. PMID- 803354 TI - Comparison of commercially available radial immunodiffusion kits for the determination of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations. AB - Six commercially available radial immunodiffusion kits for the determination of serum alpha1-antitrypsin concentrations were compared. Test samples were prepared by diluting purified human alpha1-antitrypsin to 2 different concentrations approximating heterozygous and homozygous deficiency concentrations. Significant variation in results was noted using the higher concentration of alpha1 antitrypsin. A greater degree of accuracy was demonstrated when testing the sample with the lower concentration. This further emphasizes the need for specific phenotyping in detecting patients with protease inhibitor types other than ZZ. PMID- 803355 TI - Relation between delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in tuberculosis. PMID- 803356 TI - Precipitating antibodies in office workers and hospitalized patients directed toward antigens causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - The frequency of precipitating antibodies to Aspergillus, thermophilic actinomycetes, and pigeon serum was studied in hospitalized patients and in employees of the state of Wisconsin. Precipitins to Aspergillus were detected in 9 per cent of the hospitalized patients and 3 per cent of the state employees. The majority of the serologically reactive hospitalized patients were diagnosed as having carcinoma with metastases, lymphoma, or leukemia. No evidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis or invasive aspergillosis was seen in these patients. The frequency of antibodies to thermophilic actinomycetes (3 per cent) and pigeon serum (1 per cent) was similar in both groups. Women from 17 to 25 years of age and men from 52 to 66 years of age demonstrated an increased incidence of positive precipitins. PMID- 803358 TI - Letter: Names for tubercle bacilli. The status of BCG. PMID- 803357 TI - Neisseria meningitidis: a cause of nosocomial pneumonia. AB - A 24-year-old man developed coma and many neurologic abnormalities for 2 weeks after ingesting phencyclidine. On admission, pulmonary aspiration occurred, for which he was given large doses of methylprednisolone, clindamycin, and gentamicin. These antimicrobial drugs were continued for 2 weeks until new pulmonary infiltrates were recognized. Neisseria meningitidis was subsequently isolated from cultures of conjunctival discharge, sputum, and blood and found to be resistant to clindamycin and gentamicin. N. meningitidis as a cause of nosocomial pneumonia in the setting of broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs is discussed. PMID- 803359 TI - Recent advances in hemophilia. Part II. Genetics. Discussion paper: Prospects. PMID- 803360 TI - Can the blood-transmitted hepatitis problem be solved? AB - Of the approaches presently available for prevention of blood-transmitted hepatitis, most clearly effective is the avoidance of high-risk donor populations, such as most paid commercial donors. It should be emphasized that even after screening for hepatitis B antigen most paid donor blood carries with it a five-ten times higher risk of transmitting hepatitis than volunteer donor blood. Hepatitis B screening is certainly the next most useful approach. However, it has been pointed out that even with the most sensitive of current assays, as much as two-thirds of infective blood may not be eliminated. In part this is due to failure to detect hepatitis B antige, which may be detectable by such currently investigational approaches as selective antibody inhibition or testing for Core antibody. However, a major factor is the inability of hepatitis B screening to eliminate all infectious blood appears to be due to the existence of viruses other than hepatitis B that play a major role in blood-transmitted hepatitis. Tests for detection of carriers of this virus, or viruses, remain to be developed. Improved reporting of hepatitis cases with investigation and registration of implicated donors may provide an additional means for reducing the incidence of hepatitis transmission. The efficiency of additonal approaches, such as transaminase screening of donors and passive or active immunization, remains to be determined. PMID- 803361 TI - Vocational problems in hemophilia. PMID- 803362 TI - Effect of complete parenteral nutrition using fat emulsion on liver. AB - Four to 8 weeks of complete parenteral nutrition including fat emulsion, 10% Intralipid, from 2 to 4 gm/kg/day, was studied in puppies. The following conclusions were reached: At the end of 4-8 weeks of complete parenteral nutrition using the infusion of fat emulsion, the lipid content of the liver was twice the value in control animals, which returned to the approximate normal value in a short period after the interruption of the fat emulsion. This increase in the lipid content was considered to be caused by a proper metabolic process of fat emulsion and would seem to indicate that the daily infusion of the fat emulsion from 2 to 4 gm could be performed safely for an extended period of time. PMID- 803363 TI - Treatment of plasma cell myeloma with cytotoxic agents. AB - Because cross-resistance between alkylating agents has not been observed, we attempt in a prospective trial to determine the advantages, if any, in administering three alkylating agents sequentially, alternately, or concurrently. A patient with myeloma, showing progressive shortening of M-protein doubling time from 98 to 15 days, developed an acute terminal phase, characterized by fever and pancytopenia. A similar acute terminal phase was observed in 17 of 50 deaths from myeloma. Since alkylating agents are only effective in controlling the chronic phase of myeloma, future improvements will require the discovery of agents that delay, prevent, or are effective in the treatment of the acute phase. Forty-five patients with kappa- and 36 with lambda-light-chain disease showed no differences in frequency of amyloidosis, renal failure, response to treatment, or survival after treatment with alkylating agents. PMID- 803364 TI - Renal pathologic findings associated with monoclonal gammopathies. AB - The myeloma kidney is characterized by casts in the distal and collecting tubules. The glomeruli are hardly affected unless amyloidosis is present. When the glomeruli are involved, the proteinuria is nonselective and, in some cases, the whole paraprotein is excreted in the urine. Nephrocalcinosis may be present and focal myeloma cell infiltration in the interstitium is a characteristic, but inconstant, finding. The nephrotic syndrome is extremely rare; if it exists, amyloidosis should be suspected. In contrast to multiple myeloma, the glomeruli are frequently involved in macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom. Hyaline intracapillary deposits consisting of pure IgM are a characteristic finding as is infiltration of the kidney with lymphoid cells. No characteristic lesion of the kidney has been described in the heavy-chain diseases. Mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with an IgM paraprotein can produce glomerulonephritis that is due to the deposition in the glomeruli of an immune complex consisting of IgG, IgM, and complement. PMID- 803365 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa with behavior modification. Effectiveness of formula feeding and isolation. AB - Anorexia nervosa has been treated with a variety of therapies. One seemingly successful modality, behavioral modification, has in most cases been used concurrently with various drugs, making the contributions of each impossible to separate. Eight patients meeting rigorous criteria for anorexia nervosa were treated in this study exclusively with behavioral therapy (reward contingent on weight gain). All had a substantial weight gain while hospitalized, and on short term follow-up are maintaining or continuing to gain toward their normal weight range on individualized positive-reinforcement programs. PMID- 803366 TI - Nephrotoxic effect of parenteral and intraarticular gold. Ultrastructure and electron microprobe examination of clinical and experimental material. AB - The presence of gold in the kidney of a 58-year-old woman was confirmed by use of ultrastructural and microprobe examinations. A series of animal experiments were performed in which small single doses of gold were administered systemically and intraarticularly in rabbits. Both the colloidal suspension and the soluable salt gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine) were used. Selective lesions occurred in the proximal convoluted tubules and the mitochondria appeared to be the target organelle. They contained gold after gold sodium thiomalate but not after colloidal gold. PMID- 803367 TI - Two-stage frontal frontal lesion influences upon severity of delayed-response deficit. PMID- 803368 TI - Transfer of nitrogen-fixing (NIF) genes in the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. PMID- 803369 TI - Biphasic kinetics induced by modified substrates of penicillinase. PMID- 803370 TI - Chemical approaches to penicillin allergy. II. The involvement of a carrier receptor protein in penicillin allergenesis. PMID- 803371 TI - In vitro autodegradation of ribosomal RNA. Formation of specific fragments with endonucleolytic cleavages. PMID- 803372 TI - Structural study of the poly-l-Glutamic acid of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var hominis, strain Brevannes. PMID- 803373 TI - Purification from bovine blood of the warfarin-induced precursor of prothrombin. PMID- 803374 TI - The incorporation of L-3-glycerolphosphate into lipid and polyglycerolphosphate. PMID- 803375 TI - Reduced arylsulfatase B activity of the mutant enzyme protein in Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. PMID- 803376 TI - Release by phenobarbital of the repression of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in ovo. PMID- 803377 TI - UDP glucuronyltransferase and phenolsulfotransferase from rat liver in vivo and in vitro. III. The effect of phenolphthalein and its sulfate and glucuronide conjugate on conjugation and biliary excretion of harmol. PMID- 803378 TI - Measurement of stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure record in man. AB - Stroke volume was determined from the pulmonary artery pressure record by application of the pulse contour method. Pulmonary artery pressure records were obtained in 17 patients using a high fidelity catheter-tip pressure transducer and simultaneous measurements of cardiac output were obtained from indicator dilution curves. The formula used was SV = KP sa (i plus T s/Td) where Psa is the planimetered area beneath the systolic portion of the pulmonary artery pressure curve. Ts and Td are the durations of systole and diastole, and K is a constant. Stroke volume was altered by isometric handgrip exercise and/or pharmacological agents in 15 patients. Serial measurementswere made in 2 patients in acute pulmonary oedema after myocardial infarction. Comparison of a wide range of values of stroke volume by the pulse contour method with those obtained from dye dilution curves showed a good correlation (r plus 0.97, P smaller than 0.001) regression line y = 1.01 times - 0.47. Measurement of stroke volume from the pulmonary artery pressure contour is a technique of potential value in serial haemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 803379 TI - The formation of tritiated O-alkyl lipid from acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate in the presence of tritiated water. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory on the mechanism of O-alkyl bond formation using a microsomal system from Tetrahymena pyriformis have shown that O-alkyl lipid synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate has exchanged one hydrogen stereospecifically from the 1-sn position of the glycerol moiety. Indirect evidence suggested that acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate, an intermediate in ) alkyl lipid synthesis, is probably not the locus of the exchange. In the present study in was shown that stable acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate incubated in the presence of tritiated water and Tetrahymena microsomes does not become tritiated. When hexadecanol is added to the system O-alkyl lipid is produced which has incorporated one atom of hydrogen for each mole of hexadecanol at all time periods examined. Experiments in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells have shown that the hydrogen exchange also occurs in a mammalian system. The results indicate that the mechanism of O-alkyl lipid ether bond formation involves a hydrogen exchange and that this exchange occurs after the formation of acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate. PMID- 803381 TI - Cellulose synthesis by Acetobacter xylinum. II. Investigation into the relation between cellulose synthesis and cell envelope components. AB - Cell envelope fractions, capable of cellulose synthesis from uridine diphosphate glucose, alpha-glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and glucose, have been isolated from Acetobacter xylinum suspensions and various enzymatic properties examined. Essential enzymes were found to be distributed throughout the cell envelope region, with both inner (cytoplasmic) and outer (cell wall) membranes contributing to cellulose synthesis. The central role of UDPG in cellulose synthesis was confirmed and the results indicated that the nucleoside diphosphate sugar functions solely in the cell envelope region of whole cells. A comparison of properties of the cell envelope system with those of different preparations used by other workers, suggested that the method of cell disruption may influence substrate specificity. PMID- 803380 TI - Cellulose synthesis by Acetobacter xylinum. I. Low molecular weight compounds present in the region of synthesis. AB - An analysis has been made of the low molecular weight fraction present in the region of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum suspensions. A number of nucleic acid bases, nucleosides and nucleotides, together with alpha-glucose 1 phosphate and UDPG, were detected in various extracts of washed cells supplied with glucose. Since glucose-6-P could be detected in extracts of ultrasonically disrupted cells, but not in extracts of whole cells, it was concluded that separate pools of hexose phosphate exist in A. xylinum. Preferential release of alpha-glucose-1-P, UDPG and nucleotides was observed during ethanol and EDTA treatment of bacteria. Electron microscopic examination of treated and untreated cells revealed that extensive modification of the cell wall region occurred during such treatments. The results support the proposal that alpha-glucose-1-P, UDPG and nucleotide pools are localised in the cell envelope region, possibly in the periplasm, and that A. xylinum possesses a second permeability barrier outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Nucleic acid bases and nucleosides were observed to diffuse freely through the cell wall and accumulate in the medium, probably as the result of nucleic acid breakdown. The results imply that the effects of cell damage caused by the isolation of the bacteria from the surface pellicle of the culture medium, together with nutrient deprivation, should be considered in work using the non-proliferating system. A stydy of the variation in concentration with time of alpha-glucose-1-P and UDPG, during cellulose synthesis, indicated that both components may play an immediate role in cellulose synthesis. Glycosylated lipid compounds were detected in both cell wall extracts and supernatant fluid, but it is not certain whether these compounds are constituents of the supernatant fluid in vivo. PMID- 803382 TI - Immunological evidence for the capability of free-living Rhizobium japonicum to synthesize a portion of a nitrogenase component. AB - Immunodiffusion tests conducted under aerobic conditions demonstrated that cross reactive material to antiserum prepared against the Mo-Fe protein component of nitrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids was detectable in extracts of free living Rhizobium japonicum cells cultured in a standard medium under: aerobic conditions; aerobic conditions with nitrate; aerobic conditions with ammonia; anaerobic conditions with nitrate; and anaerobic conditions with nitrate and ammonia. The most intense precipitin bands resulted from cross-reaction of the antiserum with extracts of cells cultured anaerobically with nitrate or anaerobically with ammonia and nitrate. Immunodiffusion experiments with crude bacteroid extract and purified Mo-Fe protein revealed a greater number of precipitin bands in tests conducted under aerobic conditions than those conducted under anaerobic conditions. These results indicate that some of the cross reactive material observed under aerobic conditions resulted from breakdown of the Mo-Fe protein. Bacteroid extracts of nodules from plants supplied with ammonia exhibited only a trace of nitrogenase activity. The addition of an excess of the Fe protein component of nitrogenase, however, resulted in 270-fold enhancement of activity indication the presence of active Mo-Fe protein in these extracts. Our experiments together with results published elsewhere provide evidence that the genetic information for synthesis of a part of the Mo-Fe component of nitrogenase is carried by Rhizobium. PMID- 803383 TI - [Immunochemical identification of carcinoembryonic antigen in ovarian adenocarcinoma and pseudomucinous cystoma extracts]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was found in 3 of 17 individual extracts of adenocarcinoma and in 7 or 8 individual samples of pseudomucinous cystoma of the human ovaries. Rabbits were immunized for the purpose of preparation of specific antisera against CEA by individual fractions (ammonium sulfate, sulfosalicylic acid and phosphotungstic acid) of CEA-positive adenocarcinomas of the ovary. PMID- 803384 TI - [Use of an immunologic test for differential diagnosis of uterine chorionepithelioma and hydatid mole]. AB - Polysaccharide complexes obtained by Westphal's method (modified by L. A. Zilbert et al) from the tissue of a primary tumour node and remote metastases (the lungs) of chorionoepithelioma of the uterus were used for differential diagnosis of chorionepithelioma of the uterus and hydatid mole. Investigations carried out showed that the reaction to the intradermal injection of polysaccharide complexes obtained from the remote metastases (the lungs) of chorionepithelioma of the uterus was highly specific and sensitive: positive reaction occurred only in the patients with chorionepithelioma of the uterus, and it was negative in the patients with hydatid mole. With a marked diminution (in the course of chemotherapy) of metastases in the lungs, when the immunological reaction to chorionic gonadotropin fell to 300--100 IU per litre of the urine, reaction to the intradermal injection of polysaccharide complexes from the metastases of chorionepithelioma of the uterus still remained positive. PMID- 803385 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - The clinical course of 54 patients with necrotizing enterocolitis has been compared to a matched group of 98 control patients. On the day of life that NEC occurred, all 54 NEC patients and 63% of controls were receiving standard formula feedings, both at 80/cal/kg/day. Stool cultures at the time revealed a significantly increased frequency of Klebsiella in NEC as compared to control patients. Our data suggest that the combined presence of certain intestinal bacteria and enteric feedings, perhaps requiring a background of mucosal ischemia, may be of etiologic significance in the development of NEC and its radiologic hallmark, pneumatosis intestinalis. PMID- 803386 TI - Cholestasis in immature newborn infants: is parenteral alimentation responsible? AB - This report is a response to the suggestion, first raised in The Journal in 1971, 1 that intravenous alimentation may be responsible for intrahepatic cholestasis in premature infants. Nine of 15 premature infants (30 weeks' gestation or less, birth weight up to 1,250 gm) who survived at least five days and were autopsied were found to have cholestasis. The most severe hepatic pathology was found in the infants whose nutrition was poorest and whose livers were smallest. Both groups had a variety of other clinical problems, especially respiratory distress, intracranial hemorrhage, and infection; it was the first of these that prevented oral feeding in most instances. No correlation was found between treatment with intravenous FreAmine and/or Intralipid and the presence of cholestasis. None of the affected patients, however, could sustain oral or nasogastric feedings during the first seventeen days of life, whereas all surviving patients without cholestasis were able to feed orally within eight days. Fasting later in the course had no effect. Therefore, early fasting, rather than parenteral supplementation, may contribute to impaired hepatobiliary function in the small premature infant. PMID- 803387 TI - Isosmolar coma during parenteral alimentation with protein hydrolysate in excess of 4 gm/kg/day. AB - Isosmolar coma occurred during the first week of parenteral nutrition in four infants when the amount of protein hydrolysate infused was rapidly increased to or above 4 gm/kg/day. Coma developed within a 6- to 12-hour period and was characterized by (1) a normal serum osmolality, (2) an elevated urine specific gravity, and (3) the rapid reversal of the clinical signs when the protein containing solution was discontinued. A very gradual increase in protein content to a total of no more than 4 gm/kg/day is advised to provide an adequate yet safe protein load for intravenous nutrition. PMID- 803388 TI - Adrenal function in normal infants and in marasmus and kwashiorkor. Cortisol secretion, diurnal variation of plasma cortisol, and urinary excretion of 17 hydroxycorticoids, free corticoids, and cortisol. AB - Normal infants exhibited circadian rhythmicity of plasma F concentration. Infants from 2.1 to 3.2 months of age had CSR significantly higher than those of older infants. THF/THE urinary excretion ratios increased with age. The 17OHCS excretion was higher in the younger infants. Urinary excretions of free corticoids and cortisol were similar in all age groups. In marasmus, plasma F concentrations in the morning and evening were significantly elevated. Normal diurnal variation returned following therapy. CSR and 17OHCS excretions were not different from age controls, but were significantly lower than size controls, THF/THE ratios, urinary excretion of free corticoids and cortisol were normal. In marasmic kwashiorkor, plasma F concentrations were significantly elevated in the morning and evening. There was a suggestive decrease with therapy. CSR was low before and after treatment. THF/THE ratios, urinary 17OHCS excretion, and urinary free corticoids and cortisol were not significantly different from infants matched for size or patients with marasmus. PMID- 803389 TI - Letter: The disc sensitivity test. PMID- 803390 TI - Editorial: Malaria vaccines on the horizon. PMID- 803391 TI - Cortico-cortical projections from striate cortex of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). A radioautographic study. AB - In 13 squirrel monkeys [3H] leucine was injected into three different portions of the striate cortex: the occipital convexity, the interhemispheric surface and the depth of the calcarine fissure. After survival times between 8.5 h and 23 days. The radioautographic study of the brains revealed terminal fields of projection in various cortical areas outside the striate cortex. Transport of labelled material to cortex close to the striate area and in the superior part of the supratemporal sulcus occurred in all cases. After injection into the striate cortex of the interhemispheric surface, or into the depth of the calcarine fissure, a second projection was found in the prestriate belt situated in the cortex near the parieto-occipital sulcus. The fields of projection in the 3 cortical regions varied systematically with the variation of the injection site indicating a retinotopic organisation. If the cortical labelling was restricted to the supragranular layers, intracortical projection to layer V could be observed. If the cortical injection labelled only the infragranular layers, an intracortical projection appeared clearly at the level of layer IIIc. Labelling restricted to the supragranular layers resulted in cortico-cortical projections whereas labelling of only the infragranular layers did not. In the 3 cases in which the contralateral hemisphere was examined no evidence for transcallosal projections was found. PMID- 803392 TI - Efferent connections of the orbitofrontal cortex in the marmoset (Saguinus oedipus). AB - Unilateral partial ablations were made in the orbitofrontal cortex of 4 adult marmosets (Saguinus oedipus) and fiber degeneration was traced using the Nauta Gygax and Fink-Heimer selective silver impregnation techniques. Corticocortical projections were found to the ipsilateral convexity and medial aspect of the frontal lobe and to the homologous orbitofrontal areas of the contralateral hemisphere. Fiber degeneration was followed through the uncinate fascicle to the temporal and insular cortices, and caudally into the rostrolateral entorhinal cortex. Other fibers joined the cingulum bundle and terminated throughout the cingulate cortex. Subcortical projections were observed to the lateral and basal amygdaloid nuclei, caudate head, ventrolateral putamen and ventral claustrum. The lateral preoptic and hypothalamic areas received a small number of fibers, as did the intralaminar and reticular thalamic nuclei. The dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus was recipient of a large group of fibers which followed the ventral internal capsule and joined the inferior thalamic peduncle to terminate there. Preterminal debris appeared heaviest in the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, pars magnocellularis (MDmc) in more caudal orbital lesions. A subthalamic projection to field H of Forel was observed. A small number of fibers terminated in the lateral midbrain tegmentum, but no appreciable fiber degeneration was observed more caudally than the midbrain. These results are compared in some areas to findings in the rhesus monkey. The possibility of a topical organization in the orbital cortical and thalamic projections is discussed. PMID- 803394 TI - Electron microscopy study of forebrain connections by means of the radioactive labeled amino acid tracer technique. PMID- 803393 TI - An autoradiographic study of the projections of the mammillothalamic tract in the rat. PMID- 803395 TI - Possible determinants of the degree of retrograde neuronal labeling with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 803396 TI - Notes on the application of radioactive amino acids for the tracing of neuronal connections. PMID- 803397 TI - Distribution and excretion of two chlorinated biphenyl isomers: 4-chlorobiphenyl and decachlorobiphenyl in lactating bovine. AB - One lactating cow was given a 4-chlorobiphenyl (50 mgm/kgm) as a single oral dose and was killed seven days postadministration. The presence of this compound was not detected in tissues, urine and milk. However, 28.9% of the total dose given was recovered in feces during the period of seven days postadministration. Another lactating cow received decachlorobiphenyl orally as single dose (50 mgm/kgm) and was also killed seven days postadministration. This totally chlorinated biphenyl was recovered at low concentrations from all tissues analyzed. The cumulative excretion into milk and feces accounted for 0.025 and 25.02% respectively. Decachlorobiphenyl was detected in urine. PMID- 803398 TI - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis II. Antibodies in lacrimal secretions of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Moraxella bovis. AB - Preinfection, acute and convalescent phase lacrimal secretions from 20 cattle that had mild to severe keratoconjunctivitis (associated with natural or experimental Moraxella bovis infection) were tested for specific antibody to M. bovis as well as for immunoglobulins, particulary of the A class. The convalescent phase secretions from all four natural cases but from only seven of the 16 experimental cases contained increased amounts of immunoglobulins, predominantly of the A class. Only the secretions from cattle having severe keratoconjunctivitis contained precipitins specific for Moraxella bovis.Therefore, M. bovis specifically stimulates the appearance in tears of immunoglobulins that are important in the age associated, acquired resistance to reinfection with M. bovis. PMID- 803399 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of methanogenic bacteria. AB - Electron-microscopic studies using thin sections revealed that methane-producing bacteria were an ultrastructurally diverse group. Fine structure and morphological characteristics separated these bacteria into four discrete cell types. Methanogenic bacteria displayed a gram-positive cell wall that varied considerably among different cell types. Differences in granular inclusions, reserve materials, and intracytoplasmic membranes were observed. Unique ultrastructural features were not shared by all methanogenic species studies. PMID- 803400 TI - Ultrastructural effects of lysozymes on the cell wall of Caryophanon latum. AB - When Caryophanon latum was exposed to egg white lysozyme in isotonic sucrose and observed by phase-contrast microscopy, protoplasts emerged along the length of the trichomes, apparently at sites corresponding to cross septa. Electron microscopy of sections revealed that this enzyme initially attacked the core of the septal peptidoglycan and delamination of septa resulted. The inner densely staining layer of the lateral and polar wall (considered to contain peptidoglycan as the major component) remained intact except for destruction at the advancing tip of partial septa; protoplasts or cell debris could escape from the gaps formed at developing septa. Treatment of intact trichomes with pronase, a lipase phospholipase C mixture, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, or heat, before exposure to egg white lysozyme did not alter this pattern nor did it render the remaining peptidoglycan more susceptible to attack. The wall material external to the peptidoglycan was solubilized by pronase. The peptidoglycan remaining after lysozyme treatment was not morphologically changed by treatment with pronase. Lysozyme derived from Chalaropsis hydrolyzed incomplete septa initially, while the lateral and polar wall and complete septa were degraded later. Therefore, it is most probable that the inner dense layer does contain the peptidoglycan component and that some biochemical maturation distinguishes the substrate for these enzymes in the lateral wall and septa. PMID- 803401 TI - Structural features determining the antibiotic potencies of natural and synthetic hop bitter resins, their precursors and derivatives. AB - Twenty-six hop bitter resins, some hitherto not investigated, were tested for antimicrobial activities. Gram-positive bacteria were much more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. The inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis 168 was measured by several methods and the general rule could be established that the antibiotic properties are mainly dependent on the hydrophobic parts of the molecules. Thus the acyl-lupuphenones (2-acyl-3,5-4,4',6-tri(3-methyl-2-butenyl) cyclohexane-triones (1, 3, 5) having three prenyl and one acyl side chain are the most active substances. Their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increases from the capro (0.5 muM) to the aceto derivative (11 muM). Any substitution with hydrophilic functions or loss of hydrophobic groups causes reductions in biological activity. This is most evident with the corresponding acyl phloroglucine precursors (2-acyl-1,3,5-trihydroxybenzenes) which lack the three prenyl side chains (MIC, 110 to 5050 muM respectively). Conversion of the central six-membered ring structure into a five-membered one results in additional losses of antimicrobial activity. These findings support the proposal that the lipophilic region of the cell membrane represents the target site for the hop bitter resins. PMID- 803402 TI - Toxigenic studies with the antibiotic pigments from Serratia marcescens. AB - Prodigiosin, obtained from the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, was extracted in five organic solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and methanol, and the fractions were labeled PE-1, C-2, A-3, E-4, and M-5 respectively. The effects of prodigiosin and its fractions on embryogenesis showed the whole pigment and C-2 fraction to be highly toxigenic while other fractions demonstrated toxicities approaching LD50 values of 26-30 mug/egg when dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide. The E-4 fraction in DMSO was least toxic. Ninety-five percent ethanol proved to be highly toxic at a dose level of 0.1 ml/egg indicating that it was an unsuitable solvent for studies of this nature. Disc-agar diffusion sensitivity studies were performed against E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa with prodigiosin and fractions dissolved in 100% DMSO. The solvent was found to have no diffusible bacteriostatic activity in vitro. However, prodigiosin and the ethanol (E-4) and methanol (M-5) fractions produced inhibition zones with every organism tested. Data presented below indicate that prodigiosin extracts have toxigenic effects on chick embryos and inhibit the growth of several species of bacteria. PMID- 803403 TI - Comparison of the effects of three fluorocarbons on certain bacteria. AB - Three fluorocarbons were tested to determine their effect on bacterial growth. Freon 11 and 21 in various concentrations had an inhibitory effect on selected test organisms, but Freon 22 had no effect. Both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, as well as gram-positive and gram-negative species, were included among the bacteria tested. Freon 11 and 21 caused a similar response with Freon 11 being more inhibitory to some species and Freon 21 more inhibitory to others. Inhibition was dependent on the concentration of the halocarbon and resulted in decreased respiration rates at all concentrations tested. Results reported here indicate that the action of the fluorocarbons tested is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic, Serratia marcescens and Clostridium botulinum were the species most sensitive to the halocarbons tested. PMID- 803404 TI - Letter: Diagnostic tests recommended for GC specimens. PMID- 803406 TI - Oral fibre. PMID- 803407 TI - Restriction of physician immigration seen as method of curtailing health costs. PMID- 803405 TI - Effect of long-term treatment of hyperactive children with methylphenidate. AB - SUMMARY: Three groups of hyperactive children were compared by various measures of outcome 5 years after initial evaluation: 24 who were treated with methylphenidate for 3 to 5 years during the follow-up period, 22 treated with chlorpromazine for 18 months to 5 years, and 20 who had received no medication during the follow-up period. The three groups were matched with respect to age, IQ, socioeconomic class and sex. No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups on the following measures of outcome: emotional adjustment, delinquency, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Bender Gestalt visual-motor test and academic performance (as measured by number of grades failed). Initially there was a significant difference between the three groups on ratings of hyperactivity and family diagnosis. Hyperactivity scores decreased significantly over the 5 years; family diagnosis ratings changed little. Analysis of covariance for these two measures showed no difference in degree of improvement between the three groups. Our impression was that methylphenidate was helpful in making hyperactive children more manageable at home and at school, but did not significantly affect their outcome after 5 years of treatment. PMID- 803409 TI - Practical care for the family of a child with cancer. AB - Support of the child with cancer and his family has two main components: emotional and practical. Since there are already many excellent reviews on emotional care, this discussion covers some of the practical ways to provide help. All the following suggestions are time consuming and some are costly: 1) Physical facilities should include an oncology ward and a special clinic able to provide day care. Adequate arrangements should be availble for parents to stay overnight. 2) Financial resources should be discussed early during the course of the disease to insure adequate coverage and prevent accumulation of debts. Loan and social service funds are a valuable addition to the service. 3) Parent Groups can be organized with differing objectives such as group therapy or community action. PMID- 803408 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Intravenous hyperalimentation was utilized to support nutritionally 23 malnourished patients with major head and neck tumors during surgical treatment, radiotherapy, or the convalescent period. Fifteen patients were treated during the perioperative period and 12 survived. Six patients received convalescent nutritional support successfully 4 to 24 months following operation or radiation treatment. Two patients received treatment with hyperalimentation throughout a protracted course of radiation therapy. Weight gain, wound healing, and recovery were achieved in all but 3 patients. Subclavian vein thrombosis occurred in 1 patient, and catheter-related sepsis occurred in 2 patients. Otherwise, hyperalimentation was safe and efficacious in the debilitated patients. These patients may now become acceptable risks for surgical treatment or radiation therapy by nutritional repletion with intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 803410 TI - The multidiscipline team in a cancer center. AB - To surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for cancer has been added a fourth modality: multidisciplinary therapy, which is improving the survival and cure rate among children. Specialists working together in a coordinated effort suspect, confirm, then treat cancer; follow and rehabilitate the patient; analyze and report results. Prospective protocols for the different cancer types are written. Research discoveries are constantly introduced to refine diagnosis and treatment, minimize morbidity, and improve results. A series of confrontations and agreements concerning each individual patient takes place among representatives from the specialties to review submitted information, select research and diagnostic tests, plan and carry out precisely coordinated treatment and rehabilitation, modify protocols according to patients' tolerance, and categorize response. Personal and single therapeutic modality bias lessens, house staff education is provided, and competent and understanding professionals function in the child's best interest. Documentation of input leading to decisions at serial meetings and of the extent to which they were carried out during each patient's course provides a particular dimension of the case record which is needed by subsequent participants over months and year. PMID- 803411 TI - The kinetics of Cr release from target cells in cell mediated cytotoxicity and the relationship to the kinetics of killing. PMID- 803412 TI - Appearance of lymphocyte surface markers and functional responses in neonatal and young rabbit spleens. PMID- 803413 TI - Cell-associated immunity to measles (rubeola). The demonstration of in vitro lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation in response to measels complement fixation antigen. PMID- 803414 TI - Transfer factor in the immune deficiency of protein-calories malnutrition: a controlled study with 32 cases. PMID- 803415 TI - Suppression and augmentation of the primary in vitro immune response by different classes of antibodies. PMID- 803416 TI - [Clinical experience with the preparation Hylacombun in gastroenterology (author's transl)]. PMID- 803417 TI - Methodologic differences in values for M-proteins in serum, as measured by three techniques. AB - Accurate and reproducible measurement of M-proteins is essential for managing patients with monocional gammopathies, but serum protein electrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion, and electroimmunodiffusion yield comparatively divergent results. We have studied these differences and their causes. Sera from cases of IgG-monoclonal gammopathy, IgA-monoclonal gammopathy, and IgM-monoclonal gammopathy were assayed by each of the three techniques. Results indicated inter method discrepancies as great as fivefold for all proteins studied. For IgG monoclonal gammopathy, radial immunodiffusion values were less consistently so. For IgA-monoclonal gammopathy, both radial immunodiffusion and electroimmunodiffusion gave lower results than did serum protein electrophoresis. For IgM-monoclonal gammopathy, results were variable, but values by radial immunodiffusion tended to be higher than, and electroimmunodiffusion comparable to, those for serum protein electrophoresis. The differences were not correlated with protein abundance, serum freshness, immunoglobulin class, light-chain type, ultracentrifugal characteristics, or electrophoretic mobility. Clearly, values for M-protein concentration depend on the techniques used to obtain them. We postulate that subclass differences may contribute to the diversity of radial immunodiffusion results, and that for electroimmunodiffusion the fixed electrophoretic mobility of M-proteins leads to unpredictable results. We conclude that serum protein electrophoresis is the best of the three assay techniques for M-proteins. PMID- 803418 TI - Manual determination of intra-erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in whole blood by enzymatic analysis, and comparison with ion-exchange chromatography. AB - A manual modification of an automated method [Atkinson, K. F., Clin. Chem. 18, 1001 (1972)] for enzymatic assay of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is described, which is suitable for small laboratories. Samples are easily prepared for analysis, and preparations are stable for several months. Virtually all of the color generated in the colorimetric assay is produced by the diphosphoglycerate-catalyzed reaction. The coefficient of variation for multiple samples from a single subject was 2.4%. Delayed preparation of samples, particularly samples from some acidotic subjects, is shown to result in altered results. The enzyme method is compared with analysis by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 803419 TI - Quantitation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in human tissues and sera by an immunological method. AB - Antisera against the crystallized creatine kinase isoenzymes from human skeletal muscle (MM) and from human brain (BB) were produced in rabbits. Both the MM and BB isoenzymes were precipitated quantitatively by their homologous antisera. No cross-reaction was observed. Thy hybrid MB from human heart muscle could not be precipitated completely by either of the two antisera. In artificial mixtures the concentrations of individual creatine kinase isoenzymes were determined from the percentage of non-precipitable activity in the supernatant after reaction with each of the antisera. This immunotitration assay was applied to study the quantitative distribution of creatine kinase compared with those determined by electrophoretic analysis. In sera of patients with myocardial infarction, the immunotitration assay allowed the sensitive and rapid quantitation of creatine kinase isoenzymes, especially of the "infarct-specific" hybrid MB, even in sera with low total activity. This indicates that the method is of diagnostic value. PMID- 803420 TI - LDH-IgA immunoglobulin complexes in human serum. AB - Human sera containing complexes of lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were studied. Such complexes could be demonstrated in a number of sera with abnormalities in electrophoretic pattern of the LDH isoenzymes. LDH-IgA complexes were observed in a number of sera in which the LDH-2 band was missing, in a serum with all LDH activity in the betta-gamma-globulin region, but also in some sera with only minor abnormalities in the LDH isoenzyme pattern. It is shown that the IgA bound to LDH is of the kappa light chain type. Auto-bodies were not detected in the sera. Therefore, the formation of the LDH-IgA complexes does not seem to be the result of an antigen-antibody reaction. PMID- 803421 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis: posttreatment carrier prevalence and clinical relapse in children treated with clindamycin palmitate or phenoxymethyl penicillin. PMID- 803422 TI - Neonatal sepsis. A survey of eight year's experience at the Louisville General Hospital. AB - Information from 50 infants with neonatal septicemia from the Louisville General Hospital during an eight-year period (1964-1972) is presented. Twenty-five infants had gram-positive and the other 25 had gram-negative organisms. E. coli (13 cases), staphylococcus (10 cases), and hemolytic Streptococcus non-Group A (7 cases) were the mustcommon causative microorganisms. Only one of the 25 infants with gram-positive sepsis died; three with gram-negative sepsis died. Listeria monocytogenes was demonstrated in three infants; all had meningitis with no mortality. Early diagnosis, prompt intensive antibacterial therapy, and a high index of suspicion are most helpful for reducing the morbidity and mortality. PMID- 803423 TI - Evolutionary history of the Cercopithecidae. AB - The application of cladistic methods (especially a concentration on shared derived rather than ancestral characters) permits the distinction of four dental and two cranial morphocytes among the Cercopithecidae. Comparison with fossils suggests that the Fayum parapithecids are not specially related to the Old World monkeys, while other undoubted Fayum 'hominoids' may share derived features with monkeys. Miocene Victoriapithecus 'species' may document a stage very close to the split between Colobinae and Cercopithecinae. Later African colobines appear to form a monophyletic group, more arboreal than the extinct European branch; Asian forms may be specially related to the latter. Among the Cercopithecinae, after a Miocene separation from the high-forest Cercopithecini, the Papionini divided into three groups: geladas, sub-Saharan Papio-related 'baboons' and Mediterranean-Eurasian macaque relatives; each of these underwent Plio Pleistocene adaptive radiations and subsequent taxonomic diminution. PMID- 803424 TI - Evolutionary models, phylogenetic reconstruction, and another look at hominid phylogeny. PMID- 803425 TI - Allometry in primates, with emphasis on scaling and the evolution of the brain. AB - Allometry should be defined broadly as the study of size and its consequences, not narrowly as the application of power functions to the data of growth. Variation in size may be ontogenetic, static or phyletic. Errors of omission and treatment have plagued the study of allometry in primates. Standard texts often treat brain size as an independent measure, ignoring its allometric relation with body size - on this basis, gracile australopithecines have been accorded the mental status of gorillas. Intrinsic allometries of the brain/body are likewise neglected: many authors cite cerebral folding as evidence of man's mental superiority, but folding is a mechanical correlate of brain size itself. Confusion among types of scaling heads errors of treatment in both historical primacy [Dubois' ontogenetic inferences from interspecific curves] and current frequency. The predicted parameters of brain-body plots differ greatly for ontogenetic, intrapopulational, interspecific and phyletic allometries. I then discuss basic trends in bivariate allometry at the ordinal level for internal organ weights, skeletal dimensions, lifespan and fetal weight. In considering the causes of basic bivariate allometries, I examine the reason for differences among types of scaling in brain-body relationships. The interspecific exponent of 0.66 strongly suggests a relationship to body surfaces, but we have no satisfactory explanation for why this should be so. The tripartite ontogenetic plot is a consequence of patterns in neuronal differentiation. We do not know why intraspecific exponents fall between 0.2 and 0.4; several partial explanations have been offered. Multivariate techniques have transcended the pictorial representation of transformed coordinates and offer new, powerful approaches to total allometric patterns. Allometry is most often used as a 'criterion for subtraction'. In order to assess the nature and purpose of an adaptation, we must be able to identify and isolate the aspect of its form that depends both upon its size and the size of the body within which it resides. Cranial indices and limb lengths are misinterpreted when authors apply no correction for body size. The search for a criterion of subtraction has been most diligently pursued in studies of the brain. Clearly, brain size must be assessed by comparison with a 'standard' animal of the same body size. But how shall size be measured, especially in fossils; and how shall a standard animal be construed. I discuss and criticize three methods recently used: RADINSKY'S foramen magnum criterion; Jerison's minimum convex polygons and cephalization quotients; and the indices of progression in comparison with 'basal' insectivores' of BAUCHOT, Stephan and their colleagues. PMID- 803426 TI - Pindolol and alprenolol in angina pectoris: a comparative clinical study. PMID- 803427 TI - Separate and combined effects of pindolol and isosorbide dinitrate in standardized exercise tests of patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 803428 TI - A controlled trial of mazindol (Sanjorex, Teronac) in the management of the obese rheumatic patients. PMID- 803429 TI - Large cooperative multicentric trial with feprazone in the inflammatory process of dental tissues. PMID- 803430 TI - Clinical effects of diazepam prior to and during general anesthesia. PMID- 803431 TI - Sulpiride versus chlorpromazine and placebo in the treatment of restless mentally subnormal patients--a double-blind cross-over study. PMID- 803432 TI - Effects of two elastic hospital stockings on fluid accumulation and tissue perfusion in calf and thigh. PMID- 803434 TI - The role of nontuberculous mycobacterial skin test antigens in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. AB - A retrospective study of 212 patients with mycobacterial infection was conducted to determine intradermal reactivity to five tuberculin units (TU) of purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-S), and purified protein derivatives (PPDs) derived from non-tuberculous mycobacteria. PPDs B, Y, A, G, and F were used. The study included 138 patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and 74 with proved nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Eight possible patterns of skin test reactivity were discerned using PPD-S, PPD-B, and PPD-Y. In this population, selection of the largest skin test reaction within any one pattern correlated with the infecting organism in 87 per cent of the cases. Use of PPD-A, PPD-G, and PPD-F did not increase diagnostic capability. We conclude that differential skin testing with PPD-S, PPD-B and PPD-Y, is useful in the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease. PMID- 803433 TI - Heterogeneity of bilirubin conjugates in several animal species. AB - Bile was collected from various domestic and wild species (alligators, armadilirubin diazotized and subjected to thin-layer chromatography fro the separation of conjugates (as azo-dipyrroles). Diazotized canine conjugated bilirubin had Rf values in agreement with those previously reported by other; bilirubin conjugates were related to their known glycosidic composition. Variations were observed in the relative amounts of the various mono- and diconjugates among animals within species. However, it was apparent that characteristic patterns of bilirubin conjugation occur in certain animal species. Intravenous infusion of between 0.03 and 0.61 mg of bilirubin/Kg into cats resulted in little or no change in the relative percentages of the various conjugates of bilirubin to glucuronic acid in the cat continues to be the major excretory pathway under conditions of bilirubin load. PMID- 803436 TI - Ultrasound cardiography in diagnosis of mitral insufficiency. PMID- 803435 TI - Acupuncture anesthesia. An anesthetic method combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. PMID- 803437 TI - Serum lipids, intimal total lipids and morphologic changes of the aorta and coronary arteries in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 803438 TI - Roentgenologic study of aorto-arteritis. Analysis of angiography in 92 cases. PMID- 803439 TI - Combined oral F30066 and rectal dipterex in treatment of experimental schistosomiasis Japonica. PMID- 803440 TI - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia. An analysis of 1,432 cases. PMID- 803441 TI - Clinical evaluation of glycerin-sodium Ascorbate solution in lowering intraocular pressure. PMID- 803442 TI - [Photoinduced liberation of hydrogen by bacteria, algae and higher plants]. PMID- 803443 TI - [New viewpoints on the treatment of brain tumors]. PMID- 803444 TI - [Problem of premature termination of risk pregnancies]. PMID- 803445 TI - [Contractile filaments in the nephorn]. PMID- 803446 TI - Immunological cross-reactions of alpha-lactalbumins from different species. AB - Four rabbit antibodies have been prepared, which are specifically directed against alpha-lactalbumins from different sources; namely human, cow, goat and sheep milk. Each of these antibodies was tested for its ability to react with, separately, each of the four proteins. The immunological reactions were assessed by means of different techniques: double immunodiffusion in agar gel as well as affinity chromatography of antibodies, using antigens covalently bound to an insoluble matrix. In each case, the strongest reaction was observed between homologous antibody and (matrix-bound) antigen; heterologous antigens were, however, also capable of cross-reaction. Whereas no cross-reaction between human alpha-lactalbumin and antibodies against the bovine protein could be evidenced by immunodiffusion, the occurrence of soluble complexes has been disclosed by means of a gel filtration technique. PMID- 803447 TI - Heat-sensitive development of the phagocytotic organelle in a Tetrahymena mutant. PMID- 803449 TI - Photoreactivation in Blepharisma. PMID- 803448 TI - Requirement of messenger RNA synthesis for the first division in heat synchronized Tetrahymenia. PMID- 803450 TI - Ontogenetic studies of a catecholamine-containing nucleus of the toad hypothalamus relation to metamorphosis. PMID- 803451 TI - How homologous are the alpha and beta subunits of C-phycocyanin? PMID- 803452 TI - Treithylene tetramine, A new potentiator of antibiotic activity. PMID- 803453 TI - Evolution in a cosmopolitan species: genetic latitudinal clines in Drosophila melanogaster wild populations. PMID- 803454 TI - Seasonal variations in the fertilizing capacity of Bufo arenarum (Amphibia Anura) spermatozoa. PMID- 803456 TI - Ossifying fibroma of the sphenoid sinus. PMID- 803455 TI - The effect of kryptopyrrole on the porphyrin auxotrophic strains of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 803457 TI - [The relationship between the structure and antimicrobial activity of several substituted omega-nitrosterols]. PMID- 803458 TI - Photoreactivation of template activity of UV-irradiated DNA in an RNA-polymerase system. A rapid assay for photoreactivating enzyme. PMID- 803459 TI - Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by polychlorinated biphenyls in the foeto-placental unit and neonatal livers during lactation. PMID- 803461 TI - A genetic locus affecting the developmental expression of an enzyme in Drosophilia melanogaster. PMID- 803460 TI - Generation of electric potential by reaction center complexes from Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 803462 TI - Costimulation in Tetrahymena pyriformis: a developmental interaction between specially prepared cells. PMID- 803464 TI - Intestinal lymph formation and fat absorption: stimulation by acute ethanol administration and inhibition by chronic ethanol administration and inhibition by chronic ethanol feeding. AB - The acute administration of ethanol, either in lipid emulsions administered intraduodenally or in liquid diets given by gastric tube, increased the flow of intestinal lymph and the output of proteins and dietary lipids into the lymph, mainly in the 1st hr after administration. During this time, the intraduodenal administration of ethanol (0.75 g per kg of body weight), without exogenous lipids, increased the flow of lymph without changing the lymph lipid output. Stimulation of the lymph flow with neostigmine or by increasing the fluid load also enhanced the output of lymph proteins and the transport of exogenous lipids from the intestinal lumen into the lymph. To study the chronic effects of ethanol, rats were pair-fed liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of calories) or isocaloric carbohydrate for 3 to 4 weeks. Thereafter, the lymph changes were measured after administration of equal lipid loads with and without ethanol. The administration of an acute ethanol dose to rats chronically fed alcohol moderately increased the lymph flow, but did not change the output of dietary lipids. Furthermore, rats chronically fed alcohol responded to a dietary challenge devoid of ethanol with increases in both lymph flow and dietary lipid output which were not as great as those of pair-fed controls. Thus, acute ethanol administration has a marked stimulatory effect both on the formation of intestinal lymph and on the transport of deitary fat. By contrast, chronic ethanol feeding inhibits these acute effects of ethanol, and, in addition, appears to have moderate inhibitory effect on lipid absorption. PMID- 803463 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function in protein-deficient patas monkeys studied by means of a test meal and an indirect pancreatic function test. AB - Exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 9 patas monkeys before and during protein depletion, and in 4 of them also during recovery from protein depletion. Pancreatic function was estimated by measuring enzymatic activities in the duodenal contents after a test meal and by determination of urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid (pancreatic function test) after oral ingestion of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. The average serum albumin dropped by 34.8% to 2.6 g per 100 ml. Significant decrease of trypsin, lipase, amylase, and chymotrypsin was observed in the duodenal samples during protein deficiency. Urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid was also reduced significantly. The two tests correlated well. In 3 of 4 animals, recovery of pancreatic function was noted after refeeding a full protein diet. Pancreatic atrophy was noted in 2 animals which died. The study shows that exocrine pancreatic secretion can be seriously impaired even at a moderate protein deficiency and may not be reversibly in all instances. Therefore, function tests have to be evaluated with caution when hypoproteinemia, i.e., hypoalbuminemia, is present. PMID- 803465 TI - A yeast-like infection of the esophagus caused by Lactobacillus acidophilus. PMID- 803466 TI - Complementation after fusion of Sandhoff- and Tay-Sachs fibroblasts. PMID- 803467 TI - Identification of measles virus-specific hemolysis-inihibiting antibodies separate from hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. AB - The occurrence of antibodies giving hemolysis inhibition (HLI) but not hemagglutination inhibition (HI) was examined in human convalescent and rabbit hyperimmune sera. HI antibodies, which through their interaction with hemagglutinin components display HLI activity, were removed by absorption with Tween 80-ether (TE)-treated measles virus material. This absorption did not change the titer of non-HI HLI antibodies. After removal of HI antibodies from 16 late measles convalescent sera and three batches of gamma globulin. HLI antibody titers showed a two- to eightfold reduction. The titers of neutralizing antibodies were reduced from 1/4 to 1/20 of the original titers. There was a good correlation between the titers of neutralizing and HLI antibodies both in sera from which HI antibodies had been removed by absorption and in sera spontaneously showing markedly higher HLI than HI antibody titers. HLI antibodies with these characteristics could be identified in HI tests when whole virus instead of TE treated material was used an antigen and anti-antiserum was added to the tests. In contrast to the situation in human sera, antibodies remaining after removal of HI antibodies from rabbit hyperimmune sera against purified virus particles were detectable in neutralization and HLI tests only in the presence of anti antiserum. However, virus particles from which the major fraction of all envelope projections had been removed by treatment with 0.004% trypsin induced the production of non-HI HLI antibodies active also in the absence of anti-antiserum. TE and formalin treatment destroyed the hemolytic activity of virus preparations and also their capacity to induce a production of non-HI HLI antibodies. PMID- 803468 TI - Detection and serological identification of adeno-associated virus in avian adenovirus stocks. AB - Eleven avian adenovirus strains were tested for the presence of avian adeno associated viruses (AAAV). Six strains contained AAAV. Electron microscopy using rabbit anti-AAAV serum was useful in detecting the satellite virus. The AAAV previously isolated from guail bronchitis virus was related to each of the six new isolates by immunoagglutination, complement fixation, immunodiffusion, and neutralization tests. PMID- 803470 TI - Influence of cell type and virus upon virus-specific immune cytolysis. AB - Immune cytolysis was measured by release of absorbed radioactive chromium from infected cells that were incubated with antiviral antibody and complement. The presence of virus-specific antigens detected in this manner on the surface of several types of cells infected with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus did not correlate in each instance with the maturation of infectious virus. JE-infected LLC-MK-2 and Vero cells could not be lysed until long after the first appearance of released virus, and the lysis was minimal in that only a small amount of chromium was released. However, JE-infected BHK-21 and chicken embryo cells could be lysed as soon as new virus was detected in the culture medium, and the lysis reached maximum levels before the time that maximum levels of infectious virus were found in the culture fluids. This phenomenon was restricted to JE virus since BHK-21 cells infected with dengue-2 virus (another group B arbovirus) could not be lysed until well after the appearance of new virus in the culture medium. PMID- 803471 TI - Antibody-mediated and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to Brucella skin test antigens in guinea pigs. AB - Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to brucella antigens of different composition were studied in guinea pigs sensitized by infection with smooth brucella or immunization with killed rough brucella in adjuvant. These animals had circulating antibodies to smooth lipopolysaccharide or protein antigens, respectively. Intradermal skin tests, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and immunodiffusion tests were performed. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions uncomplicated by accompanying antibody-mediated reactions were seen only in infected guinea pigs with protein antigen that was entirely free of lipopolysaccharide. In the adjuvant-immunized animals, the protein antigen evoked overlapping antibody-mediated and delayed-type reactions. Lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide preparations contained varying amounts of protein components. In infected animals, reactions of these antigens were clearly antibody mediated, but participation of delayed-type hypersensitivity could not be excluded. In adjuvant-immunized animals, the antibody-mediated reaction to the lipopolysaccharide preparation was caused by its protein component. PMID- 803469 TI - Cell-mediated immune phenomena induced by lymphokines from splenic lymphocytes of mice with chronic staphylococcal infection. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from normal mice and from mice displaying delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in the presence or absence of specific staphylococcal antigens. The cell-free supernatant fluids from these lymphocyte cultures were assessed for their ability to alter the functional capacities of normal macrophages. It was found that supernatants from staphylococcus-immune cells cultured in vitro with antigen possessed migration inhibitory factor activity and also were capable of stimulating the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into macrophage membrane glycoproteins. In addition, the lymphokine-containing supernatants were capable of inducing activation of normal macrophages so that they inhibited the multiplication of intracellular Listeria monocytogenes. Although it was not possible to snow any significant enhancement of intracellular killing of S. aureus by the activated macrophages, evidence is presented that suggests that cell-mediated immune responses to S. aureus may significantly enhance pahgocytosis of staphylococci and, thereby, may provide for their rapid clearance from extracellular fluids. PMID- 803473 TI - Immunological studies on Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Alveolar macrophages freshly harvested from normal and immunized rabbits were parasitized with yeast cells and protoplasts of Histoplasma capsulatum. Macrophages obtained from either normal or sensitized rabbits failed to phagocytize protoplasts, whereas, the yeast cells were actively ingested. There was no detectable intracellular killing by macrophages. A serological similarity was found between the whole yeast cell, the purified isolated cell wall, and the protoplasts of the fungus. Aprecipitin test of the protoplasts of the fungus gave a postive band, whereas immunodiffusion in agar was negative. Addition of immune sera activated phagocytosis, the immune sera against cell walls being the most active. PMID- 803472 TI - Isolation and antigenic characteristics of axial filaments from the Reiter Treponeme. AB - Axial filaments were isolated and purified from Reiter treponemes after detergent solubilization of the cells" outer envelope. The axial filaments were separated from the spirochetal cells by shearing, purified by density gradient centrifugation, and fragmented by ultrasonication. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of dissociated filaments revealed two major protein bands. Gel diffusion precipitin tests and immunoelectrophoresis between a purified axial filament suspension and anti-Reiter treponeme serum gave a single precipitin line. Checkerboard complement fixation tests also gave results consistent with a single antigen-antibody system. Tests with immune sera to other cultivable spirochetes were positive with some and negative with others. In addition, strongly positive reactions were obtained in complement fixation and precipitin tests with sera from rabbits and humans with syphilis and other treponematoses. However, both serological tests gave reactions of partial identity between the antigen(s) of Reiter treponeme axial filaments and those of the pathogenic treponemes. It was concluded from these studies that the axial filaments were probably the cellular locus of the so-called "Reiter protein" antigen of syphilis serology. PMID- 803474 TI - Evaluation of immunological specificity of flurescein-conjugated antisera with agarose-antigen sections. AB - Purified immunoglobulins were conjugated to agarose beads; the beads were frozen, and used to establish the specificity of fluorescein-conjugated antisera. PMID- 803475 TI - Electron microscopic study of a pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani strain: the presence of bacterial endosymbionts. PMID- 803476 TI - Parasitism in the bathypelagic fish, Melanostigma pammelas. PMID- 803477 TI - Production and possible function of serine protease during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The production of extracellular protease during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 168 was investigated. Two proteases are produced, an alkaline serine protease and a neutral metalloprotease. In vivo inhibition of the serine protease with phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride indicated that the metalloprotease was degraded by the serine protease during sporulation. The experiments with phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride also show that the serine protease is necessary for the sequential process of sporulation and that it is required continuously for the first 2 to 3 h of the 8-h process. PMID- 803478 TI - Criteria for categorizing early biochemical events occurring during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two criteria are suggested for assessing the relevance of biochemical events occurring early in sporulation. The first is thymidine starvation, a condition known to inhibit sporulation. This also inhibits the production of metalloprotease, serine protease, and ribonuclease; alpha-amylase production, however, is unaffected. The second is the effect of a regulator mutation which increases the production of the proteases. In the mutant, ribonuclease is produced in correspondingly large quantities whereas alpha-amylase production is unaffected. We conclude that, whereas the serine protease is part of the main sequence of events leading to formation of the spore, the metalloprotease is a side effect, i.e., connected with the main sequence but not part of it. Ribonuclease could, on present evidence, be either in the main sequence or a side effect associated with it. Amylase, however, seems to be separately regulated and neither directly nor indirectly connected with the sporulation sequence. PMID- 803479 TI - Properties of Bacillus subtilis mutants temperature sensitive in germination. AB - A new mutant of Bacillus subtilis defective in the outgrowth phase of spore germination has been isolated. When incubated at 46 C, the spores of the mutant gave rise to abnormally large swollen cells. Genetic crosses show that the mutant is different from the three previously described. The genetic analysis indicates two regions of the B. subtilis chromosome involved in the control of the spore outgrowth. PMID- 803480 TI - Transformation of leucine and rifampin traits in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with deoxyribonucleic acid from homologous and heterologous origins. AB - A leucine-requiring, rifampin-sensitive strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was transformed to a leucine-nonrequiring, rifampin-resistant phenotype with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) obtained from both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. The transforming efficiency of the meningococcal DNA was about 10- to 100-fold less than that of the homologous gonococcal DNA. A chemically defined medium that would support growth of most gonococcal isolates was used as a complete medium. A minimal medium was used for selection of Leu+ transformants. N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used as a mutagen for isolating leucine prototrophs from leucine-requiring isolates of N. gonorrohoeae. PMID- 803482 TI - Polarized relationship of bacterial spore loci to the "old" and "new" ends of sporangia. AB - The frequency of association of spore loci with the "old" and "new" ends of rod shaped sporangia in batch cultures of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 was estimated by phase contrast microscopy. The analysis was facilitated by (i) the association of most of the sporangia into chains of two to five sporangia and (ii) the occurrence of two types of cross wall distinguishable by their degree of splitting. It was concluded that a newly formed spore is located at the "old" end of a sporangium. By inference, the sporulation division septum locus is distal to the ultimate normal cell division septum, i.e., proximal to the "old" pole of the B. megaterium sporangium. This result is discussed in relation to deoxyribonucleic acid segregation during sporulation. PMID- 803481 TI - Composition of the first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis isolated from wild-type and mutant operator strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium, adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.17), has been purified from two bacterial strains containing histidine operator deletions and compared to the eenzyme from a strain that has a normal operator. The enzymes isolated in different ways also are compared. Evidence as to the separateness of the operator and first structural gene or covalent modification of the first enzyme was sought. Specific activity, histidine feedback inhibition, amino acid analysis, discontinuous-gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration of the native enzyme, and Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion tests were carried out. The purified enzyme contains little phosphorous and has five cysteine residues per subunit, which all are readily titratable. No evidence for differences in the enzyme preparations was obtained. Thus, no evidence for overlap of the histidine operator with the first structural gene was obtained. PMID- 803483 TI - Role of bacterial ribosomes in barotolerance. AB - The effects of high hydrostatic pressures on protein synthesis by whole cells and cell free preparations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas bathycetes were determined. Actively growing cells of P. bathycetes and P. fluorescens were less sensitive than were E. coli cells. Protein synthesis by cell free preparations of E. coli and P. fluorescens showed the same extent of inhibition as their respective whole cell preparations, whereas cell free preparations of P. bathycetes showed a marked increase in pressure sensitivity over whole cells. Protein synthesis by hybrid protein synthesizing cell free preparations (the ribosomes from one organism and the S-100 supernatant fraction from another) demonstrated that response to high pressure is dependent on the source of the ribosome employed. A hybrid system containing E. coli ribosomes and P. fluorescens S-100 shows the same sensitivity to pressure as a homologous E. coli system, whereas a hybrid containing P. fluorescens ribosomes and E. coli S 100 shows the greater pressure tolerance characteristic of the P. fluorescens homologous system. PMID- 803484 TI - Genes affecting the productivity of alpha-amylase in Bacillus subtilis Marburg. AB - Genetic control of alpha-amylase (alpha-1,4-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1.) production by Bacillus subtilis 168 was studied from the standpoint that alpha amylase production by bacteria is dependent on a long-lived messenger ribonucleic acid and obeys the following equation: E = kappa integral of X-DT where x = cell mass at time t, E = alpha amylase produced, t = culture time, and kappa = productivity constant. So a productivity constand (kappa) is obtained from the slope of the straight line plot of alpha-amylase formed versus the total mass of cells accumulated over that time during the culture process. The following results were obtained. (i) Two sequential mutants, derived from the 168(kappa = 20) strain and having improved alpha-amylase productivity (168 leads to 196), were analyzed for their serine and metal protease production. Strain 128 (kappa = 40) produced half the amount of both proteases, but strain 196 (kappa = 60 similar to 80) produced 20 times that in the original strain. (ii) Amy+ transformants, using the 196 strain as the other three had higher productivity (kappa = 37 similar to 46). These transformants (J71, J47, groups. Seventy-one of 74 Amy+ transformants had a kappa value of 21.0 plus or minus 2.1 and the other three had higher productivity (kappa = 37 similar to 46). These transformants (J71,J47, and J10) produced levels of serine and metal proteases 20 times higher than the other transformants. (iii) Strains 196, J71, J47, and J10 were found to be nonmotile and resistant to phage PBS1, whereas other strains, including strains 168, 128, 3 revertants of strain J71 and 2 revertants of strain 196, were all motile and sensitive to the phage. (iv) Strains 196 and J71 were nonflagellated under electron microscopic observation but strain 168, 128 and a revertant of J71 were flagellated. From the above experimental results, the existence of a quality controlling gene (amyB) was deduced, which is loosely linked to the structural gene and controls productivities of alpha-amylase and proteases, and flagellation. The probable existence of another regulatory gene, amyC, is also discussed. PMID- 803485 TI - Ultrastruct of Methylosinus trichosporium as revealed by freeze etching. AB - The methane-oxidizing bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium forms extensive intracytoplasmic membranes that lie near the cell periphery and paralled to it. These membranes enclose cavities within the cytoplasm and exist as flattened, balloon-like vesicles. The internal membranes are passed along to both cells during budding. The bacteria accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granules that lie in the center of the cells, neither within the internal membrane vesicles nor attached to them. Intercellular bridges result in the formation of chains of bacteria two to four cells in length. PMID- 803487 TI - Demonstration of cell division by septation in a variety of gram-negative rods. AB - Through use of an initial fixative employing a combination of crotonaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, septa were preserved in thin sections of dividing cells of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, and Escherichia coli when grown at 30 C in a dilute basal medium. The same procedures, however, revealed only a constrictive division process in Proteus vulgaris and Erwinia sp. This adds to the evidence that septation, although difficult to demonstrate, is the process of cell division in the enteric gram negative rods and the pseudomonads and that constriction is a fixation artifact in these organisms. PMID- 803486 TI - Fruiting-body formation and myxospore differentiation and germination in Mxyococcus xanthus viewed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Streaming cells, fruiting bodies, and single cells undergoing myxospore differentiation and germination were examined in the FB strain of Myxococcus xanthus by scanning electron microscopy. Myxospores differentiated in fruiting bodies differed in size, in kinetics of germination, in the fate of the myxospore capsule, and in the external structure of the walls of newly emerged cells when compared with myxospores differentiated in liquid medium after glycerol induction. Vegetative cells outgrowing from glycerol-induced myxospores were regularly pleomorphic, a condition that persisted through the first cell division. PMID- 803488 TI - Organization of teichoic acid in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A (Con A), interacts specifically and reversibly with the polyglucosyl glycerol phosphate teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 cell walls. Advantage has been taken of this interaction to examine the organization of the surface teichoic acid at the ultrastructural level. Con A treated whole cells and cell walls contain an irregular, fluffy layer 25 to 60 nm thick which is absent in untreated or alpha-methyl glucoside-treated preparations. This discontinuous layer is present only on the outer profile of Con-A-treated cell walls. The surface teichoic acid is proposed to be oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Fixation and embedment for electron microscopy result in condensation of this layer which then contributes to the stainable portion of the wall. Con A treatment binds adjacent teichoic acid molecules in their native configuration producing the irregular, fluffy layer visualized. PMID- 803489 TI - Cytochrome pigments in spores of Bacillus cereus T. AB - Absorption spectra of dormant spores of Bacillus cereus T suspended in glycerol showed peaks characteristic of cytochrome pigments. PMID- 803491 TI - The characteristics of inhibition of protein synthesis by double-stranded ribonucleic acid in reticulocyte lysates. AB - All types of double-stranded RNA (DSRNA) tested inhibit protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The inhibition is characterized by its strongly biphasic kinetics, and can be enhanced by preincubation of the lysate with dsRNA in the absence of protein synthesis. Only properly and extensively matched dsRNA (greater than about 50 base pairs) has this property; no form of DNA, single stranded RNA or even RNA-DNA hybrids act as inhibitors in this way. The cause of the inhibition appears to be a failure of initiator tRNA to associate with native ribosomal subunits in the initiation process (Darnbrough, C., Hunt, T., and Jackson, R. J. (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48, 1556-1564). We have shown that this block is not accompanied by stable association of dsRNA with the ribosomes. There are several reasons to believe that the mechanism of action of dsRNA may be complex with the possible involvement of at least one catalytic step. First, the lysate is inhibited by levels of dsRNA at which ribosomes are present in 100-fold excess over base pairs of dsRNA present. Second, high concentrations of dsRNA (greater than 10 mug per ml) are not inhibitory, but can in some, but not all experiments, reverse the inhibition caused by lower levels of dsRNA. Third, a lysate which has been inhibited by dsRNA, when mixed with a fresh lysate will inhibit synthesis in the mixture much more severely than would be expected from the concentration of dsRNA now present. These results indicate that low levels of dsRNA promote the formation of an inhibitor which may exist in two forms: one that is reversible by high levels of dsRNA and one that is irreversible. PMID- 803492 TI - Effect of oxygen on the regulation of intermediate metabolism in Tetrahymena. AB - Tetrahymena grown in poorly aerated cultures have a greater capacity to utilize oxygen than cells grown in relatively well aerated cultures. Paradoxically, the oxidation of (1-14C)-glucose was inhibited, while oxidation of (2-14C)pyruvate and (2-14C)glyoxylate was enhanced in cells grown under relatively anaerobic conditions. Total glycogen content measured after 17 hours of growth was increased 30 to 60% in cells grown partially anaerobically. In 1-hour incubations at the end of this time, the capacity to incorporate label into glycogen from (1 14C)pyruvate and (2-14C)glyoxylate was increased several fold. The ratio of adenosine di- and triphosphates was nearly identical in the cells grown under different conditions of oxygenation, indicating that this ratio may not play a major role in regulating these changes. After 17 hours of growth in cultures of different depths, cells were also incubated with a mixture of acetate, pyruvate, and octanoate, with one substrate labeled at a time in such a way that (1-14C) acetyl-CoA is generated at the initial step in the metabolism of each. These results were interpreted in terms of a previously developed three-compartment model of acetyl-CoA metabolism. Glyconeogenesis from peroxisomal and mitochondrial precursors was increased in cells grown in low oxygen tension, with the greater contribution coming from the peroxisomes. Oxidation of acetate and pyruvate was increased under these conditions, but appearance of (1-14C)-acetate label in glutamate was decreased. Lipogenesis from labeled peroxisomal precursors was also increased in cells grown under relatively low oxygen tension. After a shift down in O2 tension there is a rapid rise in glyconeogenesis from the peroxisomes which levels off after about 4 hours, whereas the rate of oxidation in the Krebs cycle increases steadily for at least 8 hours following the transition to relatively anaerobic conditions. In response to a shift up in O2 tension there is a decline in peroxisomal glyconeogenesis which continues for 8 hours, whereas the rate of oxidation in the Krebs cycle does not begin decreasing until about 4 hours after the increase in O2 tension. Thus the flux of (1 14C)acetyl-CoA changes according to a different temporal pattern in mitochondria as compared to peroxisomes, and in each compartment the sequence of changes in response to a shift up in O2 tension is not the mirror image of the sequence in response to a shift down. PMID- 803490 TI - Comparison of two ferredoxins from Rhodospirillum rubrum as electron carriers for the native nitrogenase. AB - In coupling the reducing power of illuminated chloroplasts to the nitrogenase from photosynthetically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum cells, one of the native ferredoxins. FdI, was found to be three times more effective than FdII. PMID- 803493 TI - Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase III by phenylhydrazinopyrimidines. Demonstration of a drug-induced deoxyribonucleic acid enzyme complex. AB - The interaction of 6-(phenylhydrazino)-pyrimidines and Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III was examined in experiments exploiting agarose gel filtration of mixtures of drug, DNA, and purified enzyme. 6-(p-Hdroxyphenylhydrazino)-uracil and 6-(p-hydroxyphenylhydrazino)-isocytosine were used as model inhibitors; both drugs induced the formation of a distinct polymerase-DNA complex. Comples formation required the inhibitory, hydrazino forms of the drugs and a form of DNA suitable as a primer-template for DNA polymerase III. dGTP and dATP, which respectively, competitively antagonize the inhibitory effects of the uracil and isocytosine derivatives, antagonized in an equally specific manner the respective capacities of these compounds to induce complex formation. Experiments exploiting both wild type and drug-resistant, mutant polymerases indicated that drug concentrations required for the half-maximal induction of complex formation were nearly identical with the apparent inhibitor constants (Ki) determined independently by kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition. These results and those of experiments exploiting defined homopolymer-oligomer combinations as template primers support a model of inhibitor action in which arylhydrazinopyrimidine forms a reversible, ternary complex with the enzyme and an appropriate timplate pyrimidine residue in an area adjacent to the 3-hydroxyl primer terminus. PMID- 803494 TI - Protein metabolism during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. I. Protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism. AB - Protein synthesis during germination of Bacillus megayerium spores can be divided into two stages. During the first 75 min of germination (Stage I) endogenous nitrogen reserves are sufficient to support protein synthesis, and most amino acids are generated by proteolysis of dormant spore protein. The amino acids produced are excreted initially from the spore, but then reabsorbed and partially utilized for protein synthesis. Significant amino acid metabolism also occurs during Stage I, utilizing enzymes already present in the dormant spore. The biosynthesis of a number of amino acids is low or absent during Stage I due to the absence of biosynthetic enzymes. Subsequently, at defined times in Stage I, these missing enzymes are synthesized and amino acid biosynthesis is initiated. By the beginning of Stage II (from 75 min on) the developing spore has regained the capacity for synthesis of all amino acids and requires an exogenous nitrogen source for rapid protein synthesis. PMID- 803495 TI - Protein metabolism during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. II. Degradation of pre-existing and newly synthesized protein. AB - Two distinct proteolytic systems have been detected during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores: one degrading a unique class of dormant spore proteins and the other degrading primarily protein synthesized during germination. Proteolysis of dormant spore protein began by the 3rd min of germination and by 25 min had degraded 15 to 20% of the pre-existing protein to free amino acids. This reaction was not significantly ( less than 20%) different with or without amino acids or a carbon or nitrogen source in the germination medium, or when RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, or energy metabolism were inhibited. Spore coat proteins and most enzymes were not degraded in this process, rather the major substrates were a unique class of low molecular weight (6,000 to 12,000) proteins which were soluble in acetic acid. Proteins synthesized early in germination (0 to 12 min) were also degraded rapidly (20% per hour). However, proteins synthesized later in germination (90 to 100 min) were degraded more slowly (similar to 4% per hour). At all times tested proteolysis of newly synthesized protein was identical in the presence or absence of amino acids or chloramphenical in the medium, but was abolished by inhibitors of energy metabolism. Most proteins degraded in this process had molecular weights greater than 12,000 and were insoluble in acetic acid. PMID- 803496 TI - Tyrosinases in Rana pipiens. Purification and physical properties. AB - Two enzymes with tyrosinase activity have been purified from the frog Rana pipiens. Both enzymes are isolated in an inactive form which can be activated with trypsin. Amino acid analysis, NH2-terminal amino acid determination (arginine for both proteins), and immunological evidence indicate that athe two enzymes are similar if not identical. They can be distinguished by their trypsin activation kinetics. Cell fractionation studies suggest that one form is found associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum whereas the other protein fraction is localized mainly within the premelanosomes. Sedimentation equilibrium studies demonstrate that both protein fractions are self-associating systmes. Ionic strength, temperature, and specific anion effects alter the equilibria of the associating systems. The monomeric molecule weight for both fractions is 30,000 and at low ionic strengths the predominant molecular weight species is the tetramer. The partial specific volume of each protein is 0.70. PMID- 803497 TI - Phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride. The covalently linked lipid constituent of the membrane lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus faecalis (faecium) ATCC 9790. AB - Water-soluble [14C]glycerol-labeled lipoteichoic acid isolated from the membrane preparations of Streptococcus faecalis (faecium) ATCC 9790 released chloroform soluble radioactivity upon mild acid hydrolysis. Chromatography of the radioactive, chloroform-extractable material revealed the presence of a very polar lipid (lipid I). Depending upon the conditions of acid hydrolysis, lipid I accounted for as much as 92% of the total 14C-labeled lipids released. More stringent conditions of acid hydrolysis reduced the amount of lipid I and increased the quantity of the other lipids. Lipid I on further mild acid hydrolysis yielded phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride almost quantitively. The other lipids released from the lipoteichoic acid were kojibiosyl diglyceride, monoglucosyl diglyceride, monoglyceride, diglyceride, and phosphatidylmonoglucosyl diglyceride. These lipids are most likely the degradation products of phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride because they are all simpler, structural derivatives of the phosphoglucolipid and they increase in concentration with increasing acid hydrolysis. These and other data demonstrate that the glycerol phosphate polymer of the membrane lipoteichoic acid of S. faecalis (faecium) ATCC 9790 is covalently linked through a phosphodiester bond to phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride. PMID- 803498 TI - Regulation and in vitro translation of messenger ribonucleic acid for cellulase from auxin-treated pea epicotyls. AB - Polysomal RNA was isolated from pea epicotyls treated with (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, and fractionated on oligo(dT)-CELLULOSE TO YIELD POLY(A)-containing RNA. This RNA fraction was translated in a wheat embryo cell free system and found to have more than 90% of the messenger activity in total polysomal RNA. Immunoprecipitation of the translation product by monospecific antibodies to pea cellulases (beta-1,4-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) indicated that cellulase was synthesized in this system. The immunoprecipitate co migrated with the buffer-soluble cellulase component in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Buffer-insoluble cellulase was not detected in the in vitro translation products. Fractionation of mRNA from membrane-bound and free polysomes and their subsequent translation indicated preferential synthesis of buffer-soluble cellulase on membrane-bound polysomes. With the above techniques for assaying buffer-soluble cellulase mRNA, a 10-fold increase in the level of this messenger per tissue segment was observed within 48 hours following (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid treatment. There was no evidence for pre-existing untranslated message for cellulase in control tissues. Since there was no delay in the appearance of mRNA for cellulase, compared to a 24-hour lag in the increase of cellulase activity, it is suggested that translational as well as transcriptional controls are exerted on the biosynthesis of cellulase in vivo. Analysis of the rates of peptide chain initiation and elongation, both in vivo and in vitro, indicated that peptide chain elongation may be rate-limiting during the lag phase of cellulase development. PMID- 803499 TI - In vitro synthesis of the E3 immunity protein directed by Col E3 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - E3 colicinogenic cells are immune to colicin E3. A protein called "E3 immunity protein" was previously isolated from E3 colicinogenic cells and shown to prevent the E3-induced in vitro inactivation of ribosomes. We now show that the structural gene for E3 immunity protein resides on the Col E3 plasmid, a plasmid which is present in E3 colicinogenic cells and carries the structural gene for colicin E3 production. For this purpose, Col E3 plasmid DNA was purified and characterized. The DNA preparation was shown to be homogeneous as judged by electron microscopy as well as agarose gel electrophoresis and has the ability to transform noncolicinogenic Escherichia coli cells into E3 colicinogenic cells with a high efficiency. The Col E3 DNA was then used as a template in a DNA dependent in vitro protein-synthesizing system, and protein products were characterized. A radioactive protein product was detected which co-migrates with reference E3 immunity protein in urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.7 and urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 7.6. This protein was produced only in the presence of Col E3 plasmid DNA. No such protein was produced when Col E3 plasmid DNA was omitted or replaced with chromosomal DNA. This radioactive protein was isolated and shown to be very similar to reference E3 immunity protein, as judged by the correspondence of tryptic peptides. The synthesis of immunity protein in vitro was also shown by radioimmunodiffusion. Thus, the structural gene for E3 immunity protein resides on the Col E3 plasmid. In addition, we have shown that colicin E3 protein is also synthesized in the same in vitro system using Col E3 plasmid DNA, as a template, confirming the previous notion that the structural gene for colicin E3 protein resides on the Col E3 plasmid. PMID- 803500 TI - Age-related changes in isocitrate lyase from the free living nematode, Turbatrix aceti. AB - Isocitrate lyase from both young and old free living nematodes (Turbatrix aceti) has been purified and compared. The "old" enzyme consists of the same five isozymes as the "young" preparation, but with quantitative differences. The enzyme shows an age-related decline in specific activity. Use of antibodies has confirmed the accumulation of cross-reacting material in old organisms as found by Gershon and Gershon ((1970) Nature 227, 1214), using crude homogenates. Km, molecular weight, subunit size, and behavior toward the inhibitors oxalate, malonate, and tartronate all appear unchanged. Although the enzyme isolated from old organisms has a sharply reduced specific activity, it binds as well to an affinity column as does "young" enzyme. It is tentatively concluded that the loss of specific activity in the "old" enzyme is due to the presence of partially active molecules, rather than to a mixture of active and inactive molecules. PMID- 803501 TI - The subunit structure of alpha-acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase from Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Alpha-Acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase from Salmonella typhimurium has a native molecular weight of 220,000. The constituent polypeptide chains exhibit anomalous but unimodal electrophoretic migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels. The subunit molecular weight, determined by sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, is 57,000. The apparent tetrameric nature of the native enzyme was confirmed by determining the types of oligomers formed upon cross-linking with dimethylsebacimidate. Analysis of tryptic peptides suggests that the polypeptide chains have an identical amino acid sequence. Carbohydrate analysis, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and atomic absorption spectrum are consistent with the lack of cobalamine and cobalt. The Michaelis constants are as follows: alpha-acetolactate, 2.9 x 10-4 M; alpha-aceto-alpha hydroxybutyrate, 7.8 x 10-4 M; NADPH, 1.5 x 10-5 M; Mg2+, 7.7 x 10-4 M. The catalytic constants (molecules of substrate catalyzed per min per molecules of enzyme) for alpha-acetolactate and alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate are 1,100 and 4,700, respectively. Comparative tryptic peptide analysis and immunological analysis show that alpha-acetohydroxyacid isomero-reductase and biosynthetic L threonine deaminase bear no structural relationship and therefore rule out a "shared structure" hypothesis for the putative involvement of L-threonine deaminase in the synthesis of alpha-acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase. PMID- 803502 TI - Reconstitution of Escherichia coli thioredoxin from complementing peptide fragments obtained by cleavage at methionine-37 or arginine-73. AB - Thioredoxin from Escherichia coli (a small hydrogen transport protein containing 108 amino acid residues and having in its oxidized form a single disulfide bond) was acylated with citraconic anhydride. Citraconylation of all amino groups resulted in total loss of enzymatic activity with thioredoxin reductase and immunoprecipitin activity with antithioredoxin antibodies; both these activities were fully restored after deblocking of the citraconylated protein by acid treatment. Large enzymatically inactive peptide fragments of thioredoxin were prepared by selective cleavage at Arg-73 and Met-37, respectively, and tested for their antigenic activity with antibodies against native thioredoxin. Thioredoxin T-(1-73) and thioredoxin-T-(74-108) were separated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography in 50% acetic acid of a deblocked trypsin digest of citraconylated thioredoxin. Thioredoxin-T-(1-73) afforded about 25% of the corresponding immunoprecipitate of native thioredoxin without significant inhibition at antigen excess. Thioredoxin-T-(74-108) gave no immunoprecipitate but was a potent inhibitor of the reaction of thioredoxin and antithioredoxin as measured by turbidity formation. A major antigenic determinant of thioredoxin was present in the COOH-terminal sequence of the molecule. An equimolar mixture of thioredoxin-T (1-73) and thioredoxin-T-(74-108) showed full immunoprecipitation activity with antithioredoxin and significant enzymatic activity with thioredoxin reductase. Gel chromatography experiments at pH 8 with the peptide mixture showed a main symmetrical peak with elution volume and amino acid composition identical with native thioredoxin. The results strongly suggested reconstitution of these two fragments to a complex, thioredoxin-T', with a conformation similar to native thioredoxin. Reconstitution of a thioredoxin-like structure was also obtained from a mixture of the overlapping fragments thioredoxin-T-(1-73) and thioredoxin C-(38-108), although these peptides represented more than the 108 amino acid residues of the protein. Previous results showed reconstitution of thioredoxin-C (1-37) and thioredoxin-C-(38-108) to a complex called thioredoxin-C' (Holmgren, A. (1972) Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. Lett. 24, 351-354). Together with the present results, this shows that three different combinations of two larger peptide fragments obtained by cleavage at two permissible sites gives reconstitution of thioredoxin. In each case, at least one of the component peptides showed strong immunochemical activity with antibodies to native thioredoxin, Netion from a tetrameric to a dimeri PMID- 803503 TI - Turnover of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus acidophilus. The presence of a fraction immune to turnover. AB - Exponentially growing cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 60AM Gasser were previously shown to lose about one-third of their cell wall peptidoglycan per generation via turnover (Boothby, D., Daneo-Moore, L., Higgins, M. L., Coyette, J., and Shockman, G. D. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2161-2169). We now show that 20 to 30% of the [3H]lysine initially present in insoluble peptidoglycan fractions was retained after 4 or more generations of continued exponential growth of cultures in the absence of label. Treatment of peptidoglycan fractions, before and after 6 or 8 generations of chase with lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17), released soluble products containing [3H]lysine which had electrophoretic mobilities identical with the disaccharide-peptide derivatives obtained from the wall peptidoglycan of this species. Because protein is known to contaminate peptidoglycan residues, the double labeled technique was used to show that one-half or less of the label lysine present after 6 or 8 generations of chase could be attributed to protein contamination. This then left a minimum fraction of 10 to 20% of the peptidoglycan that was immune to turnover. The absence of turnover of peptidoglycan labeled during short pulses has now been quantitated to show that pulses shorter than 12% of a generation (6 to 7 min) did not turn over. This turnover-immune fraction is in reasonably good agreement with the immune fraction of 10 to 20% observed after long periods of chase of extensively labeled peptidoglycan. PMID- 803504 TI - Nerve growth factor receptor binding. Influence of enzymes, ions, and protein reagents. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor binding in membrane fractions of rabbit superior cervical ganglia has been measured after treatment with a variety of enzymes, protein-modifying reagents, and ions. Receptor binding is degraded by low concentrations of trypsin but is much less sensitive to alpha-chymotrypsin. Low concentrations of phospholipase A from Vipera russelli decrease NGF receptor binding by lowering the number of binding sites, while phospholipase A preparations from Crotalus terrificus terrificus and bee venom do not affect binding. Phospholipase C and D, neuraminidase, DNase, and RNase have minimal effects on receptor binding. NGF receptor binding appears to be absolutely dependent upon calcium ion. Removal of calcium from the incubation medium greatly reduces binding as does treatment with EDTA. Maximal receptor binding occurs at 5 mM calcium. Magnesium and sodium are unable to substitute for calcium. Receptor binding is greatly reduced by treating membranes with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, 2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, diazonium tetrazole, and tetranitromethane. NGF receptor sites can be protected from 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzyl bromide by incubation with NGF. PMID- 803505 TI - Purification and partial characterization of human and porcine C3a anaphylatoxin. AB - C3a anaphylatoxin is a protein fragment generated enzymatically in serum during activation of the third component of complement (C3). A four-step procedure is described for the purification of human and porcine C3a anaphylatoxins from their respective sera after activation with inulin. Because serum carboxypeptidase rapidly inactivates C3a, the inhibitor epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was added during C3 activation, thus permitting isolation of fully active C3a anaphylatoxins directly from serum. A 2000-fold purification of C3a was achieved with an average 30% recovery assuming total conversion of C3 during treatment of serum with inulin. Human C3a anaphylatoxin obtained through the action of the C3 activating enzyme of the "alternate" pathway appeared nearly identical with the C3a obtained from isolated C3 after treatment with the C4,2 enzyme of the "classical" pathway or with trypsin. Comparisons were made between various properties of human and porcine C3a anaphylatoxins. The molecular weights differed only slightly. Electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate strip at pH 8.6 indicated a difference of approximately one net charge between human and porcine C3a, with the human anaphylatoxin exhibiting the more basic behavior. Although the amino acid compositions are similar, significant differences exist. The most marked difference was the total absence of threonine residues in porcine C3a. The NH2-terminal sequences of 20 amino acid residues were examined; homology existed for 16 of the 20 positions. Although partial analysis of the primary structure of human and porcine C3a indicates approximately 80% homology, no immunological cross-reactivity between the anaphylatoxins could be detected with antisera produced to either human or porcine C3a. In spite of the structural differences, the biological activities of porcine and human C3a were essentially identical. Smooth muscle contraction, increase in vascular permeability, and release of histamine from mast cells were similarly induced by equal amounts of anaphylatoxin from either human or porcine origin. Porcine C3a, like human C3a, was shown to contain a COOH-terminal arginyl residue essential for smooth muscle contraction and for induction of histamine release from mast cells. The sequence adjacent to the COOH-terminal arginine was Leu-Ala-Arg-COOH for both humans and porcine C3a. Current evidence suggests common mechanisms exist for the generation of C3a in various animal species and that the two known C3 activating enzymes in serum exhibit trypsin-like specificity. PMID- 803506 TI - Isolation of the soluble substrate recognition component of the dicarboxylate transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - A soluble, periplasmic protein was isolated from Escherichia coli cells by chromatography on columns of aspartate-coupled Sepharose 4B. This protein has a molecular weight of about 15,000 and, as judged by competition experiments, binds the three dicarboxylic acids, succinate, malate, and fumarate and, addition, the monocarboxylic acid D-lactate. The periplasmic protein seems to be missing from some mutants of E. coli (designated cbt) which are incapable of transporting succinate in whole cells. PMID- 803507 TI - Bacillus subtilis N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase. AB - The N-acetymuramic acid L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) has been purified to homogeneity. It is a monomeric protein of molecular weight 50,000. The enzyme has a high affinity for homologous cell walls and once attached to a cell wall will hydrolyze the wall completely before initiating the hydrolysis of a new cell wall. The affinity of the enzyme for cell walls devoid of teichoic acid or for cell walls of Bacillus megaterium is much lower than that for B. subtilis cell walls. A second homogenous protein has been isolated from B. subtilis which specifically combines with the amidase in a 1:1 molar ratio and stimulates enzyme activity. This modifier protein has no intrinsic cell wall lytic activity. The binding of enzyme and modifier protein has a dissociation constant of 8.5 times 10-9 M in 0.1 M LiCl, pH 8.0, but the two proteins can be completely dissociated in 3 M LiCl at pH 8.0. PMID- 803508 TI - Glycogen synthase can use glucose as an acceptor. AB - Glycogen synthase purified to homogeneity from rabbit skeletal muscle is essentially free of carbohydrate and shows no activity in the absence of added acceptor. It can use glucose as a substrate converting it to a glucose disaccharide in the presence of UDP-glucose as cosubstrate. The reaction is dependent on time, and on UDP-glucose, glucose, and enzyme concentrations. The product of the single step reaction co-chromatographs in two solvent systems with maltose. The glucose disaccharide produced in the reaction with UDP-[14-C]glucose and nonradioactive glucose as well as with nonradioactive UDP-glucoes and [14 C]glucose is labeled asymmetrically. The linkage is characterized as alpha-1,4 and therefore the disaccharide is identified as maltose. PMID- 803509 TI - Evidence of existence of two isozymes of carbonic anhydrase in the anterior pituitary gland of female rats. AB - Two molecular forms of carbonic anhydrase were identified in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Electrophoretic and immunological studies disclosed that the low activity carbonic anhydrase (type B) was associated with the particulate fraction of the pituitary gland and the high activity carbonic anhydrase (type C) was localized in the soluble fraction. The 800 times g pellet contained 50% of the total activity of a pituitary homogenate prepared in 0.25 M sucrose, while the 105,000 times g supernatant accounted for an additional 30% of the total. The particulate enzyme was rendered soluble by treatment with Trition X-100. The activity of pituitary gland carbonic anhydrase was about 6 times greater in preparations from female rats as compared with males. The activity of carbonic anhydrase in the particulate fraction decreased, and the activity in the soluble fraction increased without a change in total activity following incubation in vitro of pituitary glands. The intracellular adjustment in enzyme activity was accompanied by the secretion of prolactin into the incubation medium by the pituitary gland. The secretion of prolactin and the solubilization of the particulate carbonic anhydrase was inhibited when the pituitary gland was incubated in the presence of 10-5 M dopamine. PMID- 803511 TI - Effect of a single oral dose of triiodothyronine on the subsequent response to TRH in normal individuals. PMID- 803510 TI - Role of zinc in cell division of Euglena gracilis. AB - Euglena gracilis is a suitable model system to investigate the role of zinc in the process of cell division. In zinc-deficient organisms there is a characteristic arrest of cellular proliferation, the DNA content of the cells doubles, whereas RNA and protein contents decrease. The present investigations include the growth characteristics, changes in cellular morphology at various stages in the growth cycle, quantitation of zinc uptake and incorporation of tritium-labelled precursors into RNA by organisms grown in zinc sufficient (Zn+), (Zn2+ content 1 times 10-minus 5 M) or zinc-deficient (Zn minus), (Zn2+ content 1 times 10-7 M) medium. Cell division ceases on depletion of zinc from the medium. There are 20-fold less cells in (Zn minus) medium than in control cultures. The size of (Zn+) cells decreases during log phase due to a reduction in the paramylon content of the cytoplasm. The size of (Zn minus) cells, however, increases, due to an accumulation of paramylon. This results in a 13-fold increment in dry weight compared to control. Other cytoplasmic organelles, including Golgi bodies, mitochondria, etc. are normal. Nuclear morphology also is unchanged. There is a reduction in the rate of incorporation of labelled precursors into RNA by (Zn minus) cells. The DNA content of (Zn minus) E. gracilis, the absence of morphologic evidence to indicate that cell division has followed the doubling of the DNA, and the arrest in proliferation suggests that a critical zinc-dependent step in the cell cycle, localized to G2, is blocked in zinc deficiency. PMID- 803512 TI - Disappearance of plasma growth hormone in acromegaly and protein-calorie malnutrition after somatostatin. PMID- 803513 TI - Prolactin response to chlorpromazine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 803514 TI - The radial fibers in the globus pallidus. AB - In our Golgi collection of adult monkey brains the striatal efferents, i.e., the radial fibers in the globus pallidus and the "comb" bundle fibers in the internal capsule and in the cerebral peduncle, are well impregnated in the horizontally sectioned brain and in a sagittal sectioned brain. Since collaterals emerging from radial fibers are seen only in the horizontal series and not in the saggittal series, the interpretation is that they proceed anteriorly and posteriorly only, following the curvature of the pallidal segments, and do not run superiorly or inferiorly as they emerge. Although radial fibers emitting collaterals in the lateral segment and in the medial segment of the globus pallidus have been observed, it has not been possible to observe the same radial fiber emitting collaterals in both pallidal segments and the prospects of ever doing so are not good. The radial fibers converging in the globus pallidus pursue many radii and there is little coincidence between the plane of section and the planes in which they travel. At most only severed radial fiber segments 100-150 microns in length can be found in the horizontal sections needed to observe the collaterals. Moreover, sagittal sections trodorsally, as they pass through the internal medullary lamina to enter the medial segment of the globus pallidus. The radial fibers in the medial segment of the globus pallidus are continuous with the "comb" bundle fibers and appear to be thinner than the radial fibers in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus. It is not proved; nonetheless, the view expressed here is that the radial fibers are thinner in the medial segment of the globus pallidus because they may be the same fibers that gave off collaterals in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus. This is discussed in the light of the electrophysiological disclosure of Yoshida et al. ('71, '72) that caudatopallidal fibers are collaterals off caudatonigral fibers. The afferent plexuses of fine, "bouton en passage" fibers, which completely ensheath the long radiating dendrites in the globus pallidus (Fox et al., '66) are well impregnated in the horizontal series. Obviously, they are formed by a number of ultimate branches converging from the collateral brances of a number of different radial fibers. The divergence, too, in this system must be considerable; however, its true extent can only be surmised from the several radial fibers and radial fiber collaterals seen in the incompletely impregnanted Golgi section. Continued. PMID- 803515 TI - Computer measurements of axis cylinder diameters of radial fibers and "comb" bundle fibers. AB - In electron micrographs of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) brain in the striatal efferents were observed at two different levels in their course: (1) in cross-sectioned radial fiber bundles just before they enter the globus pallidus; (2) in cross-sectioned "comb" bundle fibers just before they enter the substantia nigra. In the radial bundles nearly all of the fibers are myelinated; in the "comb" bundle most are unmyelinated. The polarity of all the "comb" bundle fibers is descending. None of them degenerate following a large lesion in the substantia nigra but they do degenerate following a large lesion in the striatum. Also following this latter lesion the endings with large synaptic vesicles, which make up most of the endings in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra, degenerate. For computer measurements, electron micrographs of the radial bundle were enlarged photographically to a final magnification of 20,000; those of the "comb" bundle to times 50,000. Measurements of 1309 radial fibers revealed a mean axis-cylinder diameter of 0.68 microns, and measurements of 749 unmyelinated "comb" bundle fibers gave a mean axis-cylinder diameter of 0.21 microns. Myelinated fibers were not included in the "comb" bundle measurements because it contains myelinated fibers of pallidal origin in addition to myelinated fibers of striatal origin. The results here indicate that the striatal efferents undergo a decided decrease in axis-cylinder diameter during their transit through the globus pallidus. It is suggested that the large non-spine bearing neurons in the striatum are the source of the striatal efferents and that they send their axons into the substantia nigra and enroute spend a great quantity of their axoplasm by extending extensive collaterals in both segments of the globus pallidus. This could account for the decreased caliber of the striatal efferents in the "comb" bundle and other findings in the striatum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. PMID- 803517 TI - Lamination and differential distribution of thalamic afferents within the sensory motor cortex of the squirrel monkey. AB - The structure of the first somatic sensory area (areas 3, 1 and 2), of the motor area (area 4) and the intervening transitional field (area 3a) is described in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) using Nissl, Bodian, Weil and Golgi preparations. The laminar arrangement of both cells and axons is briefly described and this correlated with the distribution of thalamic afferents as identified in experiments conducted with the Nauta and autoradiographic techniques. The latter method was used particularly in order to assess quantitative differences in the density of thalamic projections to the five cytoarchitectonic fields. In the somatic sensory areas thalamic afferents terminate not only in layer IV but a large extent also in a recognizable part of layer III (layer IIIb). In area 4 thalamic terminals fill much of layer III, reaching almost to layer II. In area 3a the extent is intermediate between that seen in areas 3 and 4. It is thought that the extensive spread of thalamic terminals is related to the elongated form of a particular class of spine-bearing cell whose somata are situated in layer IV (Jones, '75). In all areas a small proportion of thalamic afferents end also in layer I. Evidence is presented to indicate that specific afferent fibers emanating from the ventrobasal and ventrolateral complexes of the thalamus terminate in both the deep and superficial parts of layer I while "non-specific" afferents from other thalamic sources end in the superficial part. The autoradiographic studies indicate that there are considerable differences between the number of thalamic afferents ending in area 3 on the one hand and in areas 1 and 2 on the other. Given this and the nature of the degenerating thalamic afferents observed in Nauta preparations, it is possible to identify thalamic afferents in normal Golgi preparations and significant differences are detectable in areas 4, 3 and 1 and 2. It it is as yet uncertain whether the slightly thinner, more sparsely distributed thalamic afferents ending in areas 1 and 2 are branches of those directed primarily to area 3. PMID- 803516 TI - The efferent connections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. AB - The efferent connections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus have been studied in the rat by the injection of 3H-proline into the nucleus and the surrounding regions of the rostral hypothalamus, and by the injection of the enzyme marker, horseradish peroxidase, into the region of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. After an injection of 3H-proline confined to the ventral portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, transported label can be followed, in the autoradiographs, dorsally and caudally in the periventricular area as far as the caudal end of the ventromedial nucleus, into the triangular area between this nucleus and the arcuate nucleus, and along the ventral aspect of the tuberal region, just lateral to the ventromedial nucleus. A small number of silver grains are also seen over the internal lamina of the median eminence. No label can be followed rostrally or immediately lateral to the nucleus. Comparable injections into adjoining regions of the hypothalamus (especially the anterior hypothalamic area, the medial preoptic area, and the retrochiasmatic region) show transported label over the same regions, but with a somewhat different pattern of grain distribution; in addition, the anterior hypothalamic area shows an extensive projection through the medial forebrain bundle to the mammillary and supramammillary nuclei, the midbrain tegmentum, and certain of the midline thalamic nuclei. Although it is difficult in our autoradiographs to distinguish between the course of the efferent fibers from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the zones in which they terminate, our evidence favors a termination among the cells of the periventricular area, and upon dendrites of the cells in the ventromedial, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei, which extend beyond the limits of the nuclei into the periventricular area and to the area beneath the ventromedial nucleus. PMID- 803518 TI - Varieties and distribution of non-pyramidal cells in the somatic sensory cortex of the squirrel monkey. AB - The morphology and distribution of cells which do not conform to the conventional pyramidal pattern have been investigated in rapid Golgi, Golgi-Kopsch and Golgi Cox preparations from cortical areas 3, 1 and 2 of juvenile and mature squirrel monkeys. The material has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of a computer program which permits cells to be rotated so as to display their three-dimensional architecture. Nine non-pyramidal types are identified of which one is a rare giant cell and another, forming a major proportion of the cells in layer VI, is considered to be a modified form of pyramidal cell. Of the other seven types, two have horizontally distributed axons, one essentially confined to layer II, the other sending long (up to 1 mm) branches anter-posteriorly through all layers. Two types have vertical axons. One, corresponding to the "double bouquet dendritique" cell of Cajal, is mainly situated in layer II or the upper part of layer III and has a cluster of large axon branches which descend to layers IV and V and which enclose and terminate on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The other type is the only non-pyramidal cell which has a relatively high concentration of dendritic spines in the adult animal. Its soma lies in layer IV and it has several strongly recurrent, thick axonal branches ascending to layer II, also enclosing the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. The dendritic field is not truly stellate but is drawn out into a pronounced ascending tuft which ascends into layer IIIb. The cell thus resembles a "star pyramid" of Lorente de No. Nevertheless such cells have many features, notably the distribution of their axons and the distribution of dendritic spines which are identical to those of the well-known "spiny stellate" cell of the visual cortex. Conversely the same features both in these cells and in the spiny stellate cells of the visual cortex (which were also eamined) differ markedly from those of small pyramidal cells with somata of similar dimensions. The three remaining non-pyramida cell types have locally ramifying axons which appear to terminate predominantly on pyramidal cells. In one, the axon forms smoothly curving arcades in layer III, in another it is intensely tangled in layer IV and in the third it is bush-like in layers II-IV. continued. PMID- 803519 TI - How corticosteroids work. AB - Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions. It is important to recognize that there are great species differences in the responses to glucocorticoids and that man is a "steroid-resistant" species. Steroids affect metabolism and distribution of T and B lymphocytes, but do not significantly affect antibody production in man. Steroids profoundly affect the inflammatory response by way of vasoconstriction, decreased chemotaxis, and interference with macrophages. Steroids affect types I, III, and IV mechanisms of immunologic injury. There are still enormous gaps in our knowledge of the actions of glucocorticosteroids. PMID- 803520 TI - Serum antibody response in acute brucellosis. AB - The serum antibody titres in 62 cases of acute brucellosis are presented. The antibody persisiting after infection and the appearance of non-agglutinating anti human globulin titres were investigated. The criteria for the serological diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis are discussed. PMID- 803521 TI - The use of the conglutinating complement fixation test in the diagnosis of human brucellosis. AB - The conglutinating complement fixation test was compared with the haemolytic complement fixation test for the detection of brucella antibodies in human sera. Conglutinating-complement-fixation antibodies were detectable during the early stages of acute brucellosis and persisted for approximately 1 year after the infection. PMID- 803522 TI - Antibody responses in patients with farmer's lung disease to antigens from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. AB - A serological analysis of mycelial antigens of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in immunodiffusion with human sera revealed five individual antigens. Three antigens were proteins, sensitive to pronase and soluble in phenol. Two were cationic polysaccharides, sensitive to sodium periodate, and containing glucosamine and muramic acid. Latex coated with mycelial antigens was compared with precipitin tests in detecting antibodies to T. vulgaris; the number of positive results detected by each test differed slightly, and a combination of the two tests detected the highest number. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was shown to be a very sensitive method for detecting precipitins, but not for their measurement. A prospective evaluation of immunodiffusion, latex agglutination and CIE as potential serodiagnostic techniques for farmer's lung disease is suggested. PMID- 803523 TI - The distribution of a rabbit thymic antigen and membrane immunoglobulins in lymphoid tissue, with special reference to mucosal lymphocytes. AB - We have examined rabbit lymphocytes from several tissue sources for membrane immunoglobulins with anti-antiserum for alpha, mu and iota heavy chains, as well as with an antiserum specific for a rabbit thymus lymphocyte antigen (RTLA). Among lymphocytes from bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), Peyer's patches, thoracic duct and gut mucosa exclusive of Peyer's patches, alpha and mu predominated with roughly equal percentages of each being found. The distribution of cells with iota receptors was approximately half that of either of the two other classes. In splenic lymphocytes mu predominated, followed, respectively, in numbers by iota and alpha. Detection of RTLA on almost all thymus lymphocytes (94%), most thoracic duct lymphocytes (72%), and lower numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (44%), Peyer's patch lymphocytes (17%), and splenic lymphocytes (20%) indicated a similar distribution of this antigen between the lymphoid organs as has been found for the mouse thymus lymphocyte-specific antigens. Low numbers of RTLA-bearing lymphocytes were detected in both the BALT (18%) and the gut mucosa (11%). An unexpected finding was the number of "null" cells among the gut mucosa population, bearing neither thymic nor heavy chain markers. These results in toto support the view that lymphoid aggregates in lung and gut may both contain precursor populations of B cells destined for IgA production. PMID- 803525 TI - Restriction of heterogeneity of goat antibodies specific for human hemoglobin SS. AB - Previously, we had reported the isolation of an antibody population (termed antiVal antibody) specific for the site of difference between human hemoglobin S(HbS)(beta-6Val) and hemoglobin A-1(BbA)(beta-6 glu). This population has a stoichiometry of reaction of unity in combining with HbS (alpha-beta-dimer) and shows no reaction with HbA. The combination of antiVal Fab fragments with HbS was found to be kinetically homogeneous and had a second order rate constant of 0.58 times 10-6M-1 sec-1 at 20 degrees C. In this report we have studied other properties of the antiVal population. These antibodies are restricted to only one of the two heavy chain subclasses of goat IgG. Electrophoresis experiments indicated that the antiVal population is much less polydisperse than the total antiHbS response. A method was developed to measure the dissociation kinetics of antiVal-HbS complexes. This dissociation was also found to be kinetically homogeneous and could be described by a single first order rate constant of 2.67 times 10-5 sec-1 at 20 degrees C. With homogeneous association and dissociation rate constants, an affinity constant of 2.1 times 10-10M-1 at 20 degrees C was calculated. It appears, then, that this population of antibodies, which are directed toward a single antigenic determinant on a globular protein, exhibit limited structural heterogeneity associated with great functional homogeneity. PMID- 803524 TI - Immunogenic properties of modified antigen E. II. Ability of urea-denatured antigen and alpha-polypeptide chain to prime T cells specific for antigen E. AB - Ragweed antigen E loses its major antigenic determinant after denaturation in 8 M urea. The urea-denatured (UD) antigen and alpha-polypeptide chain isolated from the denatured molecule possess their own antigenic determinant(s) but lack the major determinant of the native molecule. The UD antigen and alpha-chain, however, are capable of priming mouse T cells specific for antigen E. Priming of A/J mice with the modified antigen enhanced both IgG and IgE antibody responses to antigen E. Both UD antigen-primed spleen cells and alpha-chain-primed spleen cells collaborate with DNP-primed cells to give an adoptive secondary anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-ragweed antigen in syngeneic irradiated mice. Pretreatment of A/J mice with an i.v. injection of alpha-chain partially suppressed both IgE and IgG antibody responses to antigen E. Weekly injections of alpha-chain or UD antigen to antigen E-primed animals depressed on-going IgE antibody response, and suppressed secondary IgE antibody response to antigen E. Transfer of spleen cells from animals treated with the modified antigen to irradiated recipients followed by challenge with native antigen showed that the adoptive secondary response was suppressed by injections of modified antigen to the donors. The results indicate that the immunocompetent cell population was changed by the treatment and provide an experimental model to analyze the immunologic effect of hyposensitization treatment. PMID- 803527 TI - An in vitro method for study of human lymphocyte cytotoxicity against mumps-virus infected target cells. AB - A chromium release assay was used to study lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against mumps virus-infected target cells in vitro. Purified lmyphocytes from randomly selected donors killed significantly more virus-infected Vero cells than non-infected cells. Lymphocyte-target cell ratios of 50 to 100:1 and incubation period from 16 to 20 hr were optimal for determination of cytotoxicity. The lymphocyte induced chromium release was not obviously correlated with serum mumps hemagglutination-inhibition titers of the effector cell donors. However, the lymphocyte reaction against virus-infected target cells seems to have an immunologic basis. Thus, the more pronounced susceptibility of mumps-infected target cells as compared to non-infected cells was not due to a cytocidal effect of the virus, since spontaneous isotope release from both target cells was the same. Also, cord blood lymphocytes which had exhibited good cytotoxicity when induced either with phytohemagglutinin or with antiserum against target cell antigens were not cytotoxic for mumps-infected Vero cells. Moreover, the lymphocyte reaction against virus infected target cells could be inhibited by high concentrations of hyperimmune rabbit antimumps sera. On the other hand, lower concentrations of antisera specifically poteniated the lymphoycte-mediated isotope release from mumps-infected target cells. PMID- 803526 TI - The characterization of human anti-IgG autoantibodies by liquid isoelectric focussing. AB - A series of human anti-IgG autoantibodies (AGA) have been analyzed by liquid isoelectric focusing in order to a) determine their isoelectric points (pI) and b) assess their heterogeneity. The 13 AGA examined include five IgM, five IgA, and three three IgG AGA. All demonstrate a single major peak indicative of restricted heterogeneity and each is characterized by an acidic pI. This anodal pI is distinct from other immunoglobulins isolated from the same serum that do not exhibit anti-IgG activity. It is speculated that the acidic pI is the result of acidic amino acid substitutions in the variable regions of immunoglobulin chains. The restricted heterogeneity and distinctive pI of the AGA suggest the selection of structurally similar antibody molecules from the large repertoire available in the human genome. PMID- 803529 TI - Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity after measles virus infection. AB - Antibody cytotoxicity in the presence of complement to measles virus-infected cells was determined in sera of individuals at various stages of measles virus infection. A measles virus carrier cell line, which possessed viral antigens on the cell membrane, was employed as target cells. The cytotoxic effect was measured by 51-Cr release from the measles virus-infected cells. A microtiter method was used to determine the titer of antibody cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic antibodies could be detected in serum specimens from individuals after natural measles virus infection and vaccination. Sera from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients had only slightly higher titers than were found in sera obtained from individuals 1 week to 3 months after measles virus infection. Sera from children inoculated with measles virus vaccine lost their ability to react in hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization (NT) and cytotoxicity (CT) tests after absorption with the hemagglutinin from measles virus. SSPE sera treated in a similar manner retained their activity in NT and CT tests. Cytotoxic antibody was, therefore, shown to be directed against the hemagglutinin and some other antigen of measles virus. PMID- 803528 TI - Similar idiotypic specificity for the membrane IgD and IgM of human B lymphocytes. AB - Certain cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia possess monoclonal bands in the serum. Idiotypic antibodies to the isolated IgM protein of one such case demonstrated that the leukemic lymphocytes carried the identical specificity on their lymphocytes. Both the lymphocyte IgM and the IgD possessed this same specificity. This was demonstrated best through the use of rhodamine-conjugated Fab fragments of IgM- and IgD-specific antisera which were both capped by the idiotypic antiserum. PMID- 803530 TI - Equine anti-hapten antibody. IX. IgM anti-lactose antibodies. AB - The immune response to a bacterial vaccine of Streptococcus faecalis (strain N) was characterized in all of the seven horses studied by the sustained production of about 90% IgM anti-lactose antibody over a period of 44 weeks with maximum values of the total antibody ranging from 4 mg/ml of serum to 12 mg/ml of serum. With respect to the binding of a lactose-containing ligand the association constants of the antibodies purified from sera obtained between 5 and 44 weeks fell in the range of 1 times 10-5 M-1 to 2 times 10-5 M-1. Not only was there no significant indication of maturation of a-finity in this period but there was a selective limitation of affinity compared to that of 7S antibodies. It was inferred that the synthesis of IgM antibody involves the selective utilization of V-H and/or V-L genes. PMID- 803531 TI - Sensitive detection of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains on rabbit lymphocytes by antibody-coated erythrocytes. PMID- 803532 TI - Constant-region cysteine-containing peptides of b4 and b9 rabbit kappa-chains isolated by a new diagonal mapping procedure. PMID- 803533 TI - The cytotoxic effector potential of some common non-lymphoid tumors and cultured cell lines with phytohemagglutinin and heterologous anti-erythrocyte antisera. AB - We have found that a) phytohemagglutinin can induce red blood cell cytolysis by non-lymphoid tumors and cell lines, b) rabbit anti-chicken red blood cell antibody but not turkey anti-chicken red blood cell antibody can mediate an antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity type of cytotoxicity utilizing P815Y mastocytoma cells or rat embryo fibroblasts as effectors, and c) none of these cell line effectors was capable of killing metabolically active cultured cell line targets in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 803534 TI - The adjuvant activity of mycobacterial RNA preparations and synthetic polynucleotides for induction of delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative in guinea pigs. AB - The adjuvant activity of mycobacterial RNA and synthetic polynucleotides for the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to PPD was determined. It was shown that when mycobacterial RNA or synthetic polynucleotides are injected together with purified protein derivative (PPD), delayed hypersensitivity to PPD developed as compared to no detectable delayed response when PPD was administered alone without adjuvant into guinea pigs. Four different criteria were employed to detect delayed hypersensitivity responses. These were the time, appearance, and magnitude of dermal reactions, histologic examination of dermal sections, passive transfer of sensitivity with sensitized spleen cells and the elaboration of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by sensitized spleen cells. When synthetic polynucleotides were used as adjuvants and were injected into guinea pigs in combination with PPD, dermal reactions as well ad MIF assays gave evidence that these animals exhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity. Poly U alone exhibited adjuvant activity for induction of delayed hypersensitivity to PPD. Trypsin and pronase treatment did not affect the adjuvant activity of mycobacterial RNA whereas KOH treatment completely abolished any adjuvant effect, suggesting that ribosomal protein did not contribute to the adjuvant characteristics of mycobacterial RNA. Titration experiments indicated that the adjuvant activity of mycobacterial RNA was greater than that of poly A:U. PMID- 803536 TI - Listeria cell wall fraction: a B cell mitogen. AB - A crude cell wall-rich fraction of Listeria monocytogenes contains a substance or substances which cause blast transformation and thymidine incorporation by mouse spleen cells. The substance, Listeria cell wall fraction (LCWF), is a B cell mitogen in the mouse. It is not endotoxin, in that it stimulates B cells in C3H/HeJ mice. It is weakly mitogenic for rat spleen cells and not at all mitogenic for human peripheral blood or tonsil lymphocytes. Thus, it is dissimilar to both endotoxin and purified protein derivative (PPD) in its spectrum of activity. A cell wall-associated mitogen may play an early role in Listeria resistance. PMID- 803535 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids: differential effects of acute vs chronic administration on cell-mediated immunity. AB - The effects of acute vs. chronic glucocorticosteroid administration on established cellular immune responses were studied in guinea pigs previously sensitized to tuberculin. A greater than 50% reduction in circulating lymphocytes was observed 4 hr after injection of soluble hydrocortisone and 24 hr after daily subcutaneous injections of depot cortisone acetate. After a single dose of hydrocortisone, peripheral lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production and antigen and mitogen-induced proliferation were unchanged. However, the peripheral lymphocytes remaining in the circulation after chronic cortisone treatment showed a marked decrease in both antigen-induced MIF and proliferation, although mitogen responses remained normal. Although similar levels of lymphocytopenia were induced by acute and chronic glucocorticosteroid administration, only chronic treatment was associated with depression of certain cell-mediated lymphocyte functions. The available evidence suggests that these changes may depend on GCS-induced selective alterations in the circulation patterns of certain subpopulations of lymphocytes. PMID- 803537 TI - Demonstration of organ differences in peripheral B cell populations through the use of deficient fetal bovine serum. AB - Deficient fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used in culture to distinguish differences in the B cell populations of peripheral lymphoid organs. Culture medium supplemented with deficient FBS supported the induction of primary humoral immune responses to heterologous erythrocyte antigens in murine Peyer's patch and lymph node cultures, but not in spleen cultures obtained from the same unimmunized mice. This difference was not due to a difference in thymus-derived (T) cell or adherent cell activity, or to the production of stimulating factors by Peyer's patch or lymph node cells. In view of the finding that spleen cells from mice immunized with erythrocyte antigens support immune responses in deficient FBS, we suggest that murine Peyer's patches and lymph nodes contain antigen-experienced B cells, whereas spleens contain predominately antigen-inexperienced B cells. In contrast, spleen and Peyer's patch cells cultured with deficient FBS can be induced to mediate specific cytotoxic allograft responses which are similar in magnitude to responses observed in normal FBS. Deficient FBS may provide a useful tool for distinguishing between B cells on the basis of prior antigenic encounter, and for examining the induction of T cell responses in the absence of B cell responses. PMID- 803538 TI - The effect of the microsporidan, Nosema algerae, on Anopheles stephensi. PMID- 803539 TI - Hemodialysis leukopenia and polymorph random mobility-a possible correlation. AB - In vitro studies of polymorphs exposed to cellulose and polysulfone membranes showed severe impairment in randommobility with the cellulose membrane. In vivo studies with the two membranes showed that profound leukopenia occurred only when cellulose membrane was used. It is suggested that random mobility may have importance in the regulation of peripheral polymorph levels. PMID- 803540 TI - Studies of the hyperviscosity syndrome. II. Macroglobulinemia. AB - Thirty-four patients with macroglobulinemia were studied for the incidence of hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) and the circumstances in which this complication occurred. The following were evaluated: total serum protein, quantity of IgM paraprotein, and relative serum viscosity. These measurements were coupled with physical-chemical studies of isolated IgM proteins, including molecular weight and evaluation of molecular shape, by determination of intrinsic viscosity, viscosity increment, ratio of frictional coefficient, and coefficient of concentration dependence. It was found that relative serum viscosity values in the symptomatic range (above 6.0) were present in 38 per cent of the patients and were usually associated with IgM values greater than 5.0 gm. per 100 ml. All IgM proteins studied were large, hydrodynamically active molecules. A patient who developed HVS with IgM values below 3.5 gm. per 100 ml. had markedly asymmetrical molecules. The principal factors in the pathogenesis of this syndrome in macroglobulinemia are the concentration and molecular shape of IgM. Additional factors include protein-protein interactions between IgM and serum constituents. PMID- 803541 TI - The estimation of red cell superoxide dismutase activity. AB - A method is described for the estimation of red cell superoxide dismutase (erythrocuprein) and a normal range of activity established. It is likely that this enzyme is essential to the red cell for the detoxification of superoxide radicals, and plays a protective role similar to that of the glutathione glutathione peroxidase system. It is suggested that superoxide dismutase deficiency may be an unrecognized cause of Heinz body hemolytic anemia. The separation of superoxide dismutase from hemoglobin by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is also described. Normal superoxide dismutase activity was measured in one case of Wilson's disease. PMID- 803542 TI - Vasodilators and myocardial infarction. PMID- 803543 TI - Suspectibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens to commercial disinifectants. PMID- 803544 TI - Pili on meningococci from primary cultures of nasopharyngeal carriers and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute disease. AB - The nasopharynx of known meningococcal carriers without signs of acute meningococcal disease as well as cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute meningococcal disease were cultured on Thayer-Martin agar. Pili were observed in negatively stained preparations of over 80% cells from all primary cultures of both nasopharnyx and cerebrospinal fluids. Although pili were abundant on cells from all primary cultures, all pili were lost on serial subculture in the laboratory. This loss of pili from the cell surface on laboratory subculture was not accompanied by a concomitant loss of cell wall blebs. PMID- 803545 TI - Primary demyelination as a nonspecific consequence of a cell-mediated immune reaction. AB - Primary demyelination occurs in a variety of human and experimental diseases known to be associated with the presence of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanism of demyelination remains unclear. The possibility that myelin can be damaged as a nonspecific consequence of a specific delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction directed at nonnervous tissue antigens was investigated. Guinea pigs were sensitized to tuberculin with Freund's complete adjuvant, and were challenged in the central and peripheral nervous system either with live or killed sonicated tubercle bacilli, Old Tuberculin, or tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). Local inflammatory reactions were invariably produced and primary demyelination was a constant feature of the lesions. The morphological picture was rather similar to that observed in human neurotuberculosis and early tuberculoid leprosy, and in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and distemper encephalitis in animals. The infiltrates consisted predominantly of mononuclear cells with some polymorphonuclear cells as well. Vesicular disruption of the myelin sheath in the immediate vicinity of the inflammatory cells and stripping of the myelin lamellae by the histiocytes without axonal damage were the leading features of the lesion. The results indicate that cell-mediated immune reactions to a variety of nonbrain antigens could be responsible for a component of the demyelination seen in some inflammatory demyelinating conditions, and suggest that this system may serve as a useful model for studying the immunopathology of demyelinating disease. PMID- 803546 TI - Changes in morphology and cell wall structure that occur during growth of Vibrio sp. NCTC4716 in batch culture. AB - When grown in batch culture in various media Vibrio sp. NCTC4716 displayed a distinct sequence of morphological forms. Organisms occurred as stout, almost straight rods in exponential phase, curved rods (characteristic of Vibrio spp.) in stationary phase, and predominantly as spheres in decline phase. The spheres were formed after growth had ceased due to the depletion of the carbon/energy source. They were not viable, survival of the culture depending on the few rod forms that remained during the decline phase. The spheres seemingly arose from degradation, but not complete removal, of the peptidoglycan present in the walls. Though spheres contained less nucleic acid and low molecular weight cytoplasmic constituents than did rods, many still possessed an intact cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 803548 TI - Isolation of lipopolysaccharide from the walls of Micropolyspora faeni: chemical composition and serological reactivity. AB - Extraction of mycelium or walls of Micropolyspora faeni with cold or hot aqueous phenol yielded a lipopolysaccharide consisting of lipid A, phosphate, galactose, arabinose, glucose, glucosamine, and a dideoxy sugar. Extraction with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) yielded an incomplete molecule lacking lipid A. Part of an O-chain was secreted into the culture medium. Phenol and TCA extracts gave three lines of precipitation with human serum from cases of farmer's lung disease, and one of these was given by the culture medium polysaccharide. Serologically-reactive sugars were arabinose, galactose and glucose. The lipopolysaccharide fixed on to red cells which agglutinated in the presence of specific antibody and lysed on the addition of complement. The lipopolysaccharide appeared to elicit mainly IgM antibodies in animals, but IgM and IgG antibodies in humans. PMID- 803547 TI - Oligomeric structure of cholera toxin: characteristics of the H and L subunits. AB - Structural analysis of cholera toxin by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis demonstrated two types of non-covalentyly linked subunits, heavy (H) AND LIGHT (L), with respective molecular weights 28000 and 800 to 9000. The H:L protein ratio was I:2, indicating that the toxin of molecular weights of in ratio was I:2, indicating that the toxin of molecular weight 84000 consists of IH and 6 or 7 L subunits, linked into an aggregate with non-covalent bonds. Choleragenoid toxoid, a natural toxin derivative, contained only the L subunits of the toxin. Reduction and alkylation cleaved the H but not the L subunit. The specific clevage of the Hsubunit by reduction appeared to yield identical half molecules; the smaller peptide seemed to originate from non-specific degradation. The H subunit also differed from L subunits by having a higher affinity for labelling with radioactive iodine and by precipitating below PH.3-5. In immunodiffusion studies the toxin possessed antigenic determinants shared with the toxoid as well as toxin-specific determinants. Comparative analyses with purified subunit preparations revealed that the toxoid-shared determinants reside in the L-type of subunit and the toxin-specific ones in the H subunit. By precipitation-in-gel, binding to ganglioside-coated tubes, and sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis it was demonstrated that the ability of toxin to attach to the apparent receptor ganglioside, Gm1, is similar to that of choleragenoid toxoid, and is due to the Gm1-binding ability of the L subunits. The toxin Hsubunit did not react with the Gm1 ganglisoside. The results support our previous structural model for cholera toxin, and explain the antigenic and receptor-binding properties of the toxin in terms of component subunits. PMID- 803549 TI - The inheritance of penicillin titre in wild-type isolates of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - In a sample of 52 wild-type isolates of Aspergillus nidulans, penicillin titre ranged from 0-0 to 14-4 units/ml. These differences in titre were under genetic control. Most of the variation between isolates was attributable to differences between heterokaryon-compatibility groups although significant differences were also found within groups. Genetic variation for penicillin titre was observed among the progeny in four of seven crosses between wild-type isolates. In these four crosses the variation was continuous, indicating that this is a polygenically determined character, and progeny with titres superior and inferior to those of the parents were produced. The genes determining penicillin production are predominantly additive in their action. Crosses between heterokaryon-incompatible isolates generated more genetic variation than those involving compatible parents, supporting the hypothesis that heterokaryon compatible isolates are frequently closely related. PMID- 803550 TI - Studies on the vitamin nutrition of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Vitamin auxotrophs of Escherichia coli grown in the presence or absence of the corresponding vitamin were used as substrates for the growth of Dictyostelium discoideum strain Ax-2 in order to investigate some of the growth-factor requirements of this cellular slime mould. Compared with the growth yields observed on vitamin-sufficient auxotrophs and on a prototroph, the yields on lipoate-, folate-, thiamin- or biotin-depleted auxotrophs were low but could be restored by the addition of exogenous vitamin to the slime mould cultures. It is concluded that these four vitamins are essential nutrients for D. discoideum. Similar experiments with other auxotrophs were inconclusive, indicating either that the slime mould does not require pantothenate, nicotinate or vitamin B6 or that the strains of E. coli were insufficiently depleted to detect such requirements. It is also concluded that cobalamin is not an essential nutrient, since the myxamoebae grew well with E. coli which lacks this vitamin when grown in cobalamin-free media. Similar arguments suggest that ubiquinone and vitamin K are also non-essential. PMID- 803551 TI - Enhancement of growth of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae by tissue cell cultures. PMID- 803552 TI - The effect of colicin E2 on the flagellate Euglena gracilis. PMID- 803553 TI - A phylogenetic perspective for social behavior in primates. AB - Three selected groups of studies of primate social behavior and development are discussed. In the first group of studies the social development of rhesus monkeys reared in different environments is considered. Rhesus show remarkable similarity in behavior in diverse environments, demonstrating a phylogenetic set to develop species-typical behavioral repertoires. The second set of studies reports on three species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fasicularis, and Erythrocebus patas) reared in similar settings. Species differences observed in these settings were a result of phylogenetic set. Finally, mother-infant seperation studies conducted with several monkey species are reviewed. The results of these studies were interpreted to be the product of each species, the specific setting or apparatus used, and the independent variable manipulation employed. Caution is recommended in cross-species generalization within primates. PMID- 803554 TI - Enlargement of synaptic vesicles in degenerating nerve endings: a comparison between cat and monkey. AB - The synaptic vesicles of optic nerve endings in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats and monkeys were measured following eye enucleation. A notable increase in the mean vesicle volume was found in both species. Increments in the values of standard deviation were also noted. Comparison of the results obtained indicate that changes are faster in cats than in monkeys. An explanation for difference is proposed. PMID- 803555 TI - Ossification of spinal arachnoid with unrelated syringomyelia. Case report. AB - A case demonstrating a combination of ossified spinal arachnoid and syringomyelia is reported. A plea is made for denoting the condition as "ossification of the spinal arachnoid" rather than "spinal arachnoiditis ossificans". PMID- 803556 TI - Effect of growth rate and simian adenovirus-7 transformation on in vitro 67Ga binding to hamster embryo cells. AB - The influence of growth rate and malignant transformation on 67Ga uptake was studied using cultured hamster embryo fibroblasts. Normalnonconfluent cells in log phase of growth bound approximately twice as much isotope as did confluent cells in a plateau phase of growth. In contrast, cells transformed by simian adenovirus-7 (SA-7), WHICH WERE ALSO UNDERGOING LOG GROWTH, BOUND ALMOST NO 67Ga. These results suggest that, although the rate of cellular proliferation may influence tissue affinity for 67Ga, other factors must also be considered when studying the effect of malignant transformation. PMID- 803557 TI - Distribution of 67-Ga following intravenous administration: effects of disodium edetate therapy. AB - Following intravenous administration of 67Ga-citrate to normal and abscessed rats, the colon content of 67Ga decreased with increasing oral doses of Na2EDTA. The effects observed, however, were not thought to be of potential clinical value. PMID- 803558 TI - Effects of administration of estrogen or diphenylhydantoin on the kinetics of diphenylhydantoin in man. AB - The rate of disappearance of 131I-diphenylhydantoin (131I-DPH) from plasma and its hepatic uptake were studied during a control period and after estrogen administration in ten normal human subjects. Four subjects were given DPH and were studied in the same fashion as the estrogen-treated group. After intravenous injection of a tracer dose of 131I-DPH (period of study: 30-150 min after 131I DPH administration), the estrogen-treated group showed an increase in the plasma half-time, a decrease in the fractional turnover rate, and a decrease in the distribution space of 131I-DPH in comparison with control. The hepatic uptake was decreased in comparison with the control, which may be explained by an increase in the binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) induced by estrogens. An increase in the distribution space of 131I-DPH was observed in subjects treated with diphenylhydantoin. Consequently, the clearance rate was increased. No change in half-time or in turnover rate was observed. The hepatic uptake in the DPH-treated group was increased in comparison with control. This may be explained by a displacement of 131I-DPH by DPH from the binding sites of TBG. This study showed, therefore, that changes in the binding capacity of TBG are associated with alterations in the peripheral metabolism of 131I-DPH in man. PMID- 803560 TI - Variation in the phenotypic expression of beta-glucuronidase deficiency. AB - Defiency of beta-glucuronidase was demonstrated in serum, leukocytes, and cultured skin fibroblasts of two unrelated patients. One patient died at 2 9/12 years with a phenotype consistent with severe mucopolysaccharidosis; the other is 14 years of age and well, except for hypertension and obstructive lesions of large blood vessels. Analysis of urinary mucopolysaccharides revealed impaired degradation of dermatan sulfate and, to a lesser extent, of heparan sulfate. Cultured skin fibroblasts accumulated excess glycosaminoglycans (the term glycosaminoglycans is synonymous with acid mucopolysaccharides) as indicated by 35-SO-4 uptake. PMID- 803559 TI - Anti-Pseudomonas heat-stable opsonins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. AB - Heat-stable opsonic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis was measured in sera of 33 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at selected times during treatment of their disease. Compared to adults, opsonization of P. aeruginosa was normal in children tested at the time of diagnosis and before chemotherapy. Immediately after achievement of remission, opsonic activity against Pseudomonas was significantly decreased (P smaller than 0.05) compared with pretreatment activity. Activity usually returned to normal and remained so during long-term remission maintenance therapy. In children studied just prior to death from unremitting leukemia, however, anti-Pseudomonas opsonic activity was significantly decreased when compared with that of a group of children before any leukemic treatment (p smaller than 0.005). Anti-S. EPIDERMIDIS OPSONIC ACTIVITY SHOWED NO CHANGES DURING THE PATIENT'S COURSE. Decreased serum opsonic activity may significantly contribute to the increased incidence of severe Pseudomonas infections in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 803561 TI - Nasojejunal (transpyloric) feeding: A commentary. PMID- 803563 TI - Dynamics of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. V. Head-tail alignment. PMID- 803562 TI - Tumor-specific transplantation antigen(s) of bovine adenoviruses. AB - Protection against bovine adenovirus type 3-induced primary or transplantable tumors was studied in hamsters immunized with bovine adenoviruses, human adenovirus type 12 (A-12), simian adenovirus type 7 (SA7), or chicken-embryo lethal-orphan (CELO) virus. Newborn hamsters inoculated with 2.3 times 10-5 plaqueforming units of bovine adenovirus type 3 were given injections of bovine serotypes 1, 2, or 3 during the latent period of tumor development. No hamsters immunized with type 3 and only 47% of those inoculated with types 1 or 2 developed tumors as compared to a control incidence of 90%. Primary tumors were not prevented when hamsters inoculated at birth with bovine adenovirus type 3 were immunized during the latent period with A-12, SA7, or CELO, even though 10 100 times more infectious virus was used. When adult hamsters were given injections of the bovine adenoviruses on 3 successive weeks and then challenged with graded doses of tumor cells, the three serotypes produced a 20-fold to 200 fold increase in the 50% tumor-producing dose of tumor cells. These studies indicate that bovine adenoviruses types 1, 2, and 3 induce cross-reactive transplantation antigens which, however, do not cross-react with those induced by oncogenic adenoviruses of either avian, simian, or human origin. PMID- 803564 TI - The effect of temperature and concentration of the fixative on morphometry rat liver mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 803565 TI - Bacteriophage transformation of PBS2 in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Transformation of temperature-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage PBS2 for Bacillus subtilis was demonstrated. The number of transformants was linearly related to the concentration of DNA within a range of 0.01 to 1 mug/ml. No transformants were obtained when the DNA was pretreated with DNase. PBS2 DNA sheared to approximately 1% of the total chromosome length was centrifuged in Cs2SO4-Hg gradients to fractionate the DNA according to the base composition. Transformation experiments carried out with the fractionated DNA indicated the possibility of determining the base composition of different regions of the phage chromosome. PMID- 803566 TI - Identification of the in vitro translation products of adenovirus mRNA by immunoprecipitation. AB - Adenovirus type 2 mRNA was translated in S30 extracts from Ehrlich ascites and wheat embryo cells. The in vitro products were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with specific antisera in the presence of urea. Seven virion polypeptides could be identified by immunoprecipitation. Three of these appear to be precursors to polypeptides of the virion. mRNA isolated late in adenovirus infection was separated into three size classes by zonal sedimentation. Material sedimenting at 26S was translated into polypeptides corresponding to the largest virion polypeptides II to IV, a 22S fraction corresponding to polypeptide V, and smaller polypeptides and a 15S fraction corresponding to polypeptide IX. A significant amount of polypeptide IX was also synthesized by the 26S and 22S RNA. PMID- 803567 TI - In situ lysis of phi29- and SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis. AB - An improved method of in situ lysis of bacteriophage-infected Bacillus subtilis was developed and used to study phi29 and SPO1 phage structures produced by individual cells. PMID- 803568 TI - Thermolabile DNA binding proteins from cells infected with a temperature sensitive mutant of adenovrius defective in viral DNA synthesis. AB - Infection of African green monkey kidney cells with type 5 adenovirus leads to the synthesis of two infected, cell-specific proteins with approximate molecular weights of 72,000 and 48,000, that bind specifically to single-stranded but not double-stranded DNA. The production of these two proteins was studied after infection with two DNA-negative adenovirus mutants belonging to different complementation groups (H5 ts36 and H5 ts 125). Both DNA binding proteins were detected in cells infected with either mutant at the permissive temperature (32 C) AND ALSO IN H5 ts36-infected cells at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 C). In H5 ts125-infected cells at 39.5 C, however, less than 5% of the normal wild type level of these DNA binding proteins was detectable. When H5 ts125-infected cells were labeled with radioactive leucine at 32 C and subsequently shifted to 39.5 C in the presence of unlabeled leucine (chase), the level of DNA binding proteins found in these infected cells was markedly reduced compared to cultures not shifted to 39.5 C. These data suggest that the DNA binding proteins themselves were temperature sensitive. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments in which the DNA binding proteins were eluted from DNA cellulose with buffers of increasing temperatures (thermal elution). The H5 ts 125 proteins were shown to elute at lower temperatures than either wild-type or H5 ts36 proteins. These results are taken to indicate that the H5 ts125 mutant codes for a DNA binding protein that is thermolabile for continued binding to single-stranded DNA. PMID- 803570 TI - RNA subunit structure of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. AB - Mason-Pfizer monkey virus 60-70S RNA has a molecular weight of 8 times 10-6 when analyzed on polyacrylamide gels. Dissociation of 60-70S RNA of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and murine leukemia virus by heat or formamide (40%) resulted in conversion to identical subunit structures of 2.8 times 10-6 daltons; treatment with lower amounts of formamide revealed a partial dissociation of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus 60-70S RNA released three low-molecular-weight RNA species of 10-5, 3,5 times 10-4, and 2.5 times 10-4. PMID- 803569 TI - Repetitive sequences in complete and defective genomes of Herpesvirus saimiri. AB - Two types of Herpesvirus saimiri genomes can be isolated from purified virions: (i) the M genome is a double-stranded, liniear DNA molecule with a mean contour length corresponding to 89 times 10-6 daltons. The M genome contains about 70% of unique sequences (light DNA, 36% guanine plus cytosine) and 30% reiterated sequences (heavy DNA, 71% guanine plus cytosine). (ii) the H genome is composed of heavy DNA only and is more heterogeneous in size. The sequences in the H genome are up to 40-fold reiterated, indicating defectiveness of this type of genome. The repetitions in the H genome and the M genome cross-hybridize almost completely and have identical kinetic complexity (2.8 times 10-6 daltons). DNA infectivity studies by using the calcium phosphate and the DEAE-dextran method gave further evidence that H genomes are defective: no infectious virus was recovered from permissive cells treated with heavy DNA, whereas M genome-infected cells developed cytopathic changes after 11 to 56 days. Defective H genomes were present in the progeny virus two passages after transfection. PMID- 803571 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal cysts into the pyelocaliceal system. AB - Patients with spontaneous rupture of renal cortical cysts into the pyelocalciceal system present with gross hematuria, usually associated with flank or abdominal pain. Diagnosis is established by retrograde filling of the cyst cavity with contrast material through a wide pyelocaliceal communication visualized during IVP with nephrotomography. Percutaneous renal puncture with histochemical analysis of the aspirate is indicated in certain patients for diagnostic confirmation. Renal angiography and/or an operation should be performed when the differential diagnosis remains unclear. Antibiotics in the patients with urinary tract infections along with conservative medical management is sufficient treatment, since rapid closure of the cyst-pyelocaliceal communication with cessation of hemorrhage occurs rapidly in most patients. PMID- 803572 TI - Eradication of reflux in adults by excision of chronic infection reservoirs without antireflux operation. AB - Vesicoureteral reflux ceased after eradication of a reservoir of infection in 6 patients. In each case the reflux was mild, the ureter with reflux was not markedly dilated and no ureter had a golfhole orifice. A reservoir of infection should be sought for in adults with chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection and reflux. If it is found and eliminated ureteral reimplantation can be withheld while the patient is followed closely. However, if infection, reflux and associated pyelonephritis persist reimplantation may be necessary. PMID- 803573 TI - The role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections. AB - Quantitative cultures of the vaginal introitus for Enterobacteriaceae, S. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were compared in 20 premenopausal normal women (200 cultures) to 198 consecutive cultures from 9 premenopausal women in between episodes of bacteriuria. Introital colonization in patients susceptible to urinary infections was significantly higher for E. coli (p equals 0.001), S. faecalis (p equals 0.001) and for the presence of any gram-negative pathogens (p equals less than 0.001). In addition, introital colonization with these bacteria occurred in larger numbers and persisted through consecutive cultures for longer periods in women with recurrent infections. PMID- 803574 TI - The clinical significance of renal caliceal diverticulum in children: relation to vesicoureteral reflux. AB - Of 250 children with vesicoureteral reflux, 23 had a renal caliceal diverticulum in one or both kidneys. In a third of these 23 children this was the only renal change noted and in the remaining two-thirds other changes of chronic pyelonephritis were seen. The presence of a caliceal diverticulum is evidence that renal damage of some degree is associated with reflux and urinary tract infection, and should be added to existing criteria for investigation of reflux in a child. PMID- 803576 TI - Seasonal occurrence of Haemoproteus columbae Kruse and its vector Pseudolynchia canariensis Bequaert. AB - Seasonal prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae and its vector Pseudolynchia canariensis in the feral pigeon (Columba livia) population of Detroit, Michigan has been studied for 5 years. The greated prevalence of H. columbae infection occurs during fall and winter and is lowest during the spring, correlating with changes in the vector population. PMID- 803575 TI - Investigations on a Theileria species from an impala. AB - An immature impala (Aepyceros melampus), captured in the Machakos district of Kenya, had Theileria-like parasites in its erythrocytes. Blood from this animal was inoculated into a Theileria-free impala born in captivity and a Theileria free, splenectomized steer. Theilerial piroplasms were detected in the erythrocytes of the recipient impala 10 days after inoculation, and a peak parasitaemia of 2% was reached after 48 days, but no infection was detected in the steer. Anaemia developed in the recipient impala in association with the theilerial infection. The morphology of the theilerial piroplasm is described. Possibly dividing parasites were identified. Attempted tick transmission of the impala Theileria to a steer using the ixodid tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, was unsuccessful. With an antigen prepared from the impala blood and the indirect fluorescent antibody test, this parasite was serologically distinct from other theilerial parasites isolated from Bovidae in East Africa. PMID- 803577 TI - Variation in response of channel catfish to Henneguya sp. infections (Protozoa: Myxosporidea). AB - Infections in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque) induced by the sporozoan Henneguya (Protozoa: Myxosporidea) result in seven known and diverse disease manifestations. Most outstanding is an interlamellar branchial form responsible for significant losses among immature catfish, and a unique papillomatous form. The question of whether or not the species of Henneguya involved in these cases is H. exilis remains to be resolved. PMID- 803578 TI - Whirling disease Myxosoma cerebralis spore concentration using the continuous plankton centrifuge. AB - A method for concentrating and detecting the spores of the cause of whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) of salmonids is described. The method involves homogenization of head skeletons, screening out tissue shreds, and concentrating with a continuous plankton centrifuge. PMID- 803579 TI - Debilitating ossifying fibromas of a white-tailed deer associated with ear tagging. AB - A 2.3 kg partially ossified fibroma developed apparently within a 4-1/2 month period near a tag inserted in the right ear of a 5-1/2 year old white-tailed doe (Odecoileus virginianus). This growth caused an abnormal head carriage, disturbed feeding and resulted in emaciation. Secondary partially ossified fibromas developed at the left ear tag and in the right external acoustic meatus. The latter fibroma penterated the tympanic membrane. The puncture wounds in the ears associated with the aluminum tags probably provided sites for virus infection and subsequent fibromatosis. PMID- 803580 TI - The role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of bovine theilerioses in East Africa. AB - The Theileriidae of East African wild mammals are reviewed. Three species of wild Bovidae were captured in East Africa. They were Africa Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and eland (taurotragus oryx), and all were found to be naturally infected with Theileria species. These animals were studied to determine the transmissibility and pathogenicity of their theilerial infections to cattle. Adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, which had engorged as nymphs on buffalo, transmitted fatal Theileria lawrencei infections to cattle. African buffalo were shown to be continually infective for ticks over a period of many moths, demonstrating that buffalo can remain a carrier of T. lawrencei. In contrast, attempts to transmit the Theileria of wildebeest and eland to cattle through rhipicephalid ticks failed, despite the establishment of these parasites of the ticks. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the epidemiology of bovine theirlerioses. During these studies, Anaplasma marginale was transmitted by blood passage from wildebeest to splenectomized calves. PMID- 803581 TI - Prophylaxis for meningococcal disease. PMID- 803582 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis appearing as carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 803583 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in heat stroke. Response to heparin therapy. AB - A 14-year-old patient with heat stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation, central nervous system dysfunction, and renal failure was treated, in addition to conventional therapy, with heparin sodium for seven days. Despite very poor prognostic signs on addmission, the patient survived the acute episode and ultimately progressed to a complete recovery. PMID- 803584 TI - Letter: Screening asymptomatic male patients for gonorrhea. PMID- 803585 TI - [Allied health professions]. PMID- 803586 TI - [Nursing of patients with cognition disorders]. PMID- 803587 TI - [Definition of cognition disorders]. PMID- 803589 TI - [Bedside nursing: nutritional care of patients with cognition disorders]. PMID- 803588 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of patients with psychogenic symptoms]. PMID- 803590 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a typhoid carrier following total cholecystectomy. An experience with an aged female patient with psychological distress]. PMID- 803591 TI - [Nursing of leukemia patients in a patient isolator]. PMID- 803593 TI - [Geriatric nursing and emotional conflict within patients' families]. PMID- 803592 TI - [Ultravoltage radiotherapy and keypoints in nursing. (II)]. PMID- 803594 TI - [Bedsores]. PMID- 803595 TI - [Adaptation and acclimatization]. PMID- 803597 TI - [Oriental medicine. (1)]. PMID- 803596 TI - [Abnormal personality. 10. Antagonistic attitude of the public toward abnormalities]. PMID- 803599 TI - [Severe neonatal jaundice: Fetal management in hematologically incompatible pregnancy]. PMID- 803598 TI - [Speech following laryngectomy]. PMID- 803600 TI - Inhibition of active sodium transport by radiographic contrast media. AB - We demonstrate that salts of diatrizoate and iothalamate, radiographic contrast agents, depress the active transport of sodium in the urinary bladder of the Columbian toad, Bufo marinus. Isolated toad bladders were incubated in isotonic Ringer's solutions with isosmolar displacement of sodium chloride by contrast media in experimental solutions. Sodium transport as measured both by short circuit current (SCC) and by isotopic sodium flux was significantly depressed in the presence of sodium diatrizoate. Sodium transport measured by SCC was significantly depressed with sodium iothalamate and meglumine iothalamate. Equimolar methylsulfate Ringer's solution did not depress SCC. Although contrast media in isotonic Ringer's solutions depressed basal SCC, the vasopressin stimulated increment in SCC was not depressed by contrast media. Separate experiments with hyperosmolar solutions (786 mM, as utilized in angiography) demonstrated equivalent suppression of SCC by contrast media and by other solutions made hyperosmolar with glucose or sodium methylsulfate, implying a general or nonspecific effect of hyperosomolarity. Inhibition of SCC by contrast media was reversible when the agents were removed by serial changes with standard Ringer's solution. Inhibition of sodium transport by contrast media might provide a basis for studies on some of the clinical toxicities of these agents. PMID- 803601 TI - [Neurofibromatosis causing intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 803603 TI - 10 questions in neurology. PMID- 803602 TI - [Intensive care and anesthesia in pediatric oncology]. PMID- 803604 TI - [Effect of Briserin on hypertensive patients with and without diabetes and hypertensive patients with normal and disordered kidney function]. PMID- 803605 TI - [Malnutrition in north-eastern Thailand]. PMID- 803606 TI - [Alcoholic epileptic seizures (so-called epilepsy in alcoholics) and epileptogenic alcoholism]. PMID- 803607 TI - [Macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom with hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 803608 TI - Gonococcal urethritis--1974. PMID- 803609 TI - [Toxicity of the preparation drayon for the bug Rhodnius prolixus Stal (order Hemiptera, family Triatomidae)]. PMID- 803611 TI - [Letter: Best way of hand drying in public lavatories]. PMID- 803610 TI - [Analysis of the status of morbidity from tropical parasitic diseases and organized measures for their prevention in the Ukraine]. PMID- 803612 TI - [Prevalence of hepatitis B antibody in blood donors from south-western Germany (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatitis B antibody could be demonstrated in 101 (8,7 percent) of 1157 sera of blood donors from the Tubingen area by passive hemagglutination. The prevalence of antibody in this population is similar to the prevalence in volunteer blood donors of New York and Chicago and 4-5 times as high as in blood donors from Lillehammer/Norway. The percentage of antibody-positive donors is very dependent on age and increased from 5 per cent in donors less than 20 years of age to 17 per cent in donors 50-59 years of age. No significant difference in the prevalence of antibody was noted between male and female donors and donors of different occupations. However, persons working in the medical field exhibited an increased percentage of antibody carriers (17 per cent). PMID- 803614 TI - [The effect of vaccination status on the clinical form and outcome of the disease in smallpox patients (author's transl)]. AB - During the smallpox epidemic in Yugoslavia in 1972, which involved 175 persons altogether, with 35 (=20 per cent) fatal cases, a number of very important aspects emerged, especially at Kosowo (124 cases0: smallpox vaccination gives almost complete protection for 5 years and a relative immunity for about 10 years. Vaccinations carried out on the first 2 days after contact with smallpox patients provide a convincing protection, reduce mortality and result in the appearance of a particular form of smallpox. The highest mortality (52.1 per cent) was seen in persons who had never been vaccinated, with the appearance of the "flat type" (47.8 per cent). Hemorrhagic smallpox was seen in 8 out of 9 persons who were vaccinated too late after contact and had an immunological deficiency. PMID- 803613 TI - [Unusual defective antibody reaction after polio vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - Over several years we have determined the titers of the neutralizing antibodies against the three types of polio virus in 147 adult females working in hospitals or laboratories. Through administration of a trivalent oral vaccine we attempted to boost the vaccination and supplement the missing antibodies. A strong antibody reaction against all three types of polio virus could only be obtained usually after an additional parenteral injection of inactivated serum. Four cases are described in detail as rare occurrences (2.7 percent of those investigated). For some unknown reason, the desired antibody formation could not be obtained in these subjects in spite of repeated administration of both types of vaccine. PMID- 803615 TI - [Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - Diabetics are particularly prone to tuberculosis, For this reason, radiological examination of the lungs must be carried out every half year. Chemoprophylactic therapy with INH should always be instituted even with the smallest apical changes. Glycemic equilibrium is essential for the success of antituberculous chemotherapy, and it must be achieved in every tuberculous diabetic. PMID- 803616 TI - [The action of the yeast preparation Perenterol (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on a yeast preparation of a strain of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, not killed as usual, but living, in a lyophilised form in gelatine capsules containing 1 x 10 9 organisms. It is possible to treat dysbiotic conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract successfully with Perenterol even without the use of chemotherapeutic agents. There is no danger that the living nonpathogenic yeast administered will increase in numbers and suppress other microorganisms. PMID- 803617 TI - [Leonardo's "Citta ideale" (the "satellite town of the Renaissance (author's transl)]. AB - After the severe plague epidemic of 1484/85 in Milan, Leonardo designed plans for an ideal town with straight, wide streets with drains. These streets were intended for pedestrians only with a corresponding mirror image of subterranean roads for the entire goods traffic and transport of waste. Leonardo's design, thought out in great detail, shows a fascinating boldness in the removal of waste and traffic regulation (already anticipating the one way traffic principle, e.g. in the separate entrances and exits of the communicating stairways) and his ideas on the relieving of the overcrowded towns by creating satellite settlements on the periphery. PMID- 803618 TI - [Changes in cardiovascular dynamics during intermittent hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 803619 TI - [Abnormal ECG finding in transvenous pacemaker treatment. Right bundle-branch block following stimulation in the right ventricle]. PMID- 803620 TI - [Electric pacemakers for the stimulation of patients with vitium cordis in the preoperative phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 803621 TI - [Vertebragenic functional disorders in chronic ischemic heart disease (author's tranl)]. PMID- 803622 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia after myocardial infarction with D-thyroxine (author's transl)]. PMID- 803623 TI - [Letter: Certificate on the necessity of diet prescription]. PMID- 803625 TI - [Letter: Contact lenses or spectacles?]. PMID- 803624 TI - [In memoriam Freidrich Erbsloh]. PMID- 803626 TI - [Letter: Prognosis of phenylketonuria]. PMID- 803627 TI - [Proceedings: Significance of first growth of a human bronchial carcinoma in vitro]. PMID- 803628 TI - [Proceeding: Radical retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in testicular neoplasms]. PMID- 803630 TI - [Damage to the meniscus in professional footballers]. AB - The nature of the injuries and disease in damage to the meniscus in professional footballers is reported. A typical pattern of movement specific to the sport, with possible pathomechanical effects is the constantly recurring hyperextension and torsion process which can set in motion meniscopathy as a kind of endogenous trauma. The torn meniscus which is overlooked or treated conservatively often leads to secondary sequelae such as chronic relapsing progressive synovitis and damage to the cartilage and to predominant degenerative changes. It is suggested that this type of injury should be regarded as an occupational disease. PMID- 803629 TI - [Proceedings: Current results of functional ulcer surgery]. PMID- 803631 TI - [Tarsal tunnel syndrome]. AB - The most prominent subjective complaints are loss of sensation and stress pains in the foot. The symptoms resemble the carpal tunnel syndrome in the hand. The reproducible local pain on pressure below the medial malleolus is the prinicpal clinical symptom. The treatment of choice is the division of the retinaculum flexorum and if necessary, neurolysis of the tibial nerve. Etiopathogenetically, congestions due to standing, local distension of veins, consequences of trauma, tenosynovits, local tumorous processes and abnormalities of the abductor of the great toe must be considered. PMID- 803632 TI - [Unusual genesis of a carpal tunnel syndrome]. AB - The genesis of a carpal tunnel syndrome not described before is reported. The case in question is a 45-year-old patient with a four weeks history and increasing complaints (pain on motion and at rest, positive Hoffmann-Tinel's sign, positive extension and flexion test, considerable delay in the speed of nerve conduction). During the operation a thrombosed epineural vessel was found. Histologically, it could not be stated with certainty whether this had been a thrombosed artery or vein. PMID- 803633 TI - [Radiological examination of incipient arthrosis of the knee joint]. AB - The causes for the appearance of an arthrosis are discussed. It is emphasised that in particular the dorsal sections of the knee joint must first be subject to signs of wear. A pattern of exposures of the knee joint is given which especially includes this section. It is shown that arthrotic symptoms are demonstrable by this technique which do not appear on the usual photographs. PMID- 803634 TI - [Is there an adequate insurance compensation?]. PMID- 803636 TI - [Spinal anesthesia and its consequences in orthopedic and traumatological operations]. AB - Spinal anesthesia as the regional anesthesia of the lower extremity is a counterpart to the comparably frequently used plexus anesthesia in the arm. The effect of spinal anesthesia on the pulse rate and blood pressure was investigated in 100 cases. Collapse states are less frequent and less marked than would be expected from numerous literature data. Spinal anesthesia ought to become a standard method, not least because of the trouble-free after-care. PMID- 803635 TI - [Use of ketamine in cardiac surgery. A preliminary report]. AB - The phencyclidine derivative, ketamine hydrochloride, combines cardiovascular stimulating effects with antiarrhythmic properties and, therefore, the drug has been shown to be a highly suitable anesthetic for coronary artery surgery. This intravenously and intramuscularly administered "dissociative" anesthetic selectively depresses pathways and regions of the central nervous system associated with pain conduction and perception, thereby avoiding undesirable total nervous system depression. 129 patients suffering from marked coronary artery insufficiency underwent aortocoronary by-pass surgery, ketamine being the main anesthetic agent. Ketamine-induced anesthesia proved to be a simple and safe method of pain control during coronary artery reconstructive surgery and, compared with halothane anesthesia, showed a marked reduction of postoperative mortality (5%). PMID- 803638 TI - [Acupuncture]. PMID- 803637 TI - [Intravenous regional anesthesia in ambulatory surgery of extremities]. PMID- 803640 TI - Some complexities of methuselahism. PMID- 803639 TI - Letter: Susceptibility to group B meningococcal vs. Escherichia coli Kl disease. PMID- 803641 TI - Letter: Use of bicarbonate and K in metabolic acidosis. PMID- 803642 TI - Amino acid sequence similarity between cytochrome f from a blue-green bacterium and algal chloroplasts. PMID- 803643 TI - Control of gene expression in blue-green algae. PMID- 803644 TI - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and shaking behaviour in rat. PMID- 803645 TI - Cytoplasm-chromosome interactions in prosophila melanogaster. PMID- 803646 TI - Determinant of cistron specificity in bacterial ribosomes. AB - The sequence of the 3'-terminus of 16S RNA from different bacteria has been determined. Complementarity relationships between this sequence and a purine-rich tract in the ribosome binding site of different bacterial mRNAs suggest that the 3'-end of 16S RNA determines the intrinsic capacity of ribosomes to translate a particular cistron. PMID- 803647 TI - 'Lesbian' phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster? PMID- 803649 TI - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood. A report of two sisters with mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy). AB - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome is described in two sisters aged six and seven years, complicating the course of mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy). The literature regarding carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood is reviewed with particular reference to diagnostic features and the association, in bilateral cases, with the mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. PMID- 803650 TI - Significance of abnormal liver function studies in psychiatric admissions to military hospitals. PMID- 803651 TI - Pre-service drug abuse as a predictor of in-service drug abuse and military performance. PMID- 803648 TI - Growth-enhancing protein obtained from cell surface of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 803652 TI - Inguinal hernia and carcinoma of the colon: case report. PMID- 803653 TI - Duodenoscopy in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 803654 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 803655 TI - Mercury vapor levels in dental spaces. PMID- 803656 TI - Serum hypocomplementemia with rubella arthritis: case report. PMID- 803657 TI - Dual post-emetic esophageal rupture: case report. PMID- 803658 TI - Chronic disease patterns in United States Army officers. PMID- 803659 TI - Inflammatory foot lesions in naval recruits: significance and lack of response to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 803661 TI - Maximum services with limited resources. PMID- 803660 TI - Social problems and psychiatric illness. PMID- 803662 TI - Drug histories of Navy amnesty cases. PMID- 803663 TI - Influenza A virus aboard a US Navy ship in 1972 and the antibody response of the crew to influenza vaccine. PMID- 803664 TI - Surgical oral pathology in a military hospital: a survey of 1345 cases. PMID- 803665 TI - Hypoglycemia secondary to tetracycline-induced hepatorenal failure. PMID- 803666 TI - [Parenteral feeding in resuscitation. Study of 190 cases]. AB - Results observed in 190 patients receiving parenteral nutrition (including 104 thus treated for periods of 3 to 28 days) are presented. The data point to the importance of both the quantity and quality of the calorie and nitrogen intake. The energy and plastic sources used in the treatment are discussed. The modalities most suited for employment in patients with unimpaired renal functional and in those with serious renal insufficiency are described in the light of personal experience. PMID- 803667 TI - [A case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia complicated by diabetes insipidus]. AB - A case of monoclonal plasma-cell dyscrasia with marked spleen and liver enlargement, though without adenopathy, is described. A diagnosis of primary macrocryogelglobulinaemia was reached following immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, analytic ultracentrifugation and immunofluorescence. Splenectomy was performed to relieve compression disturbances. Four months after surgery, diabetes insipidus began. This was probably caused by the paraprotidopoietic neoplastic proliferation of Waldenstrom's disease, its effect being felt the sites of ADH production. PMID- 803668 TI - Induced prolactin release in women under long-term medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was administered, as a contraceptive, by intramuscular injection in doses of 150 mg every 90 days, or 300-450 mg every 180 days, to 5 women, over a period of 27 to 42 months. No major adverse reactions were reported, and the minor side effects were only as frequent as those reported for oral contraceptives. The LH basal levels were depressed in all subjects;; FSH and prolactin serum concentrations were within the range found in normally cycling women. Synthetic TRH released prolactin in 4 subjects, and the maximal response was within 10-20 minutes after TRH injection. In the fifth case there was no prolactin release. PMID- 803669 TI - Oral findings in the Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV). AB - The Morquio syndrome is characterized by a specific pattern of platyspondylia, corneal opacities, keratosulfate excretion in the urine, and dental abnormalities. Oral examinations were performed on twelve patients with the condition. The maxillary anterior teeth were widely spaced and flared. The posterior teeth were tapered and had pointed cusp tips. The enamel was of normal hardness, and in some patients the surface was pitted. In roentgenograms, the enamel was less than one fourth its normal thickness but was of normal radiodensity. The prevalence of caries may have been reduced. The hard palates were broad and flat. The dental abnormalities in the Morquio syndrome are of a type that is unique among the group of genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. Our findings therefore support the conjecture that the biochemical defect in this condition is different from that which occurs in the other mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 803670 TI - Autoimmunity in degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine. PMID- 803672 TI - [IgE level in the blood serum of asthmatic and allergic children]. PMID- 803671 TI - [Spontaneous changes in the growth hormone and insulin level in newborn infants]. PMID- 803673 TI - [New species of infusoria of the genus Apiosoma from fresh-water fish of the USSR]. PMID- 803674 TI - The sensory nature of reward in instrumental behavior. AB - Improvement in the sensory state, or "better-being," achieved either through obtaining desirable sensations or through escaping undesirable sensations, is considered the essential value which maintains the instrumental behavior. This value may vary depending on such factors as the intensity of the stimulus producing sensations, the effects of its previous occurrence, and the changes in the internal and external environment. Methods of evaluation of sensory "better being" by means of measuring instrumental, autonomic and EEG responses are discussed. PMID- 803675 TI - Effect of transtubular osmotic gradients on the paracellular pathway in toad kidney proximal tubule: electron microscopic observations. AB - We have evaluated with the aid of electron microscopy changes in the width of the paracellular pathway and in the magnitude of the paracellular passage of lanthanum ions when a transtubular osmotic gradient was established by making the tubular lumen hyperosmotic with 50 mM urea or mannitol. Both transtubular gradients (with urea or mannitol) induce changes in the ultrastructure of the tight junction. The changes are characterized by widening of the tight junction and the "disappearance" of the substance forming the intermediate line. Urea has a larger effect than mannitol. The magnitude of lanthanum crossing extracellularly through the tubular epithelium also increases under the urea induced transtubular gradient. PMID- 803676 TI - Listeriosis among willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) in captivity. PMID- 803677 TI - [Value of sequential scintrigraphy and clearance determination following normo- and hypothermic renal ischemia]. AB - Using quantitative sequential camera scintigraphy and simultaneous separated clearance determinations with 131-I-Hippuran and 169-Yb-EDTA renal function was measured applying a new surgical method which permits in-situ kidney perfusion and cooling in animals and patients. While mongrel dogs of 15 kg average weight (control group of N = 5) showed after 1 hour of normothermic ischaemia a postoperative delay of intrarenal transport of 131-I-Hippuran with reduction of 131-I-Hippuran and 169Yb-EDTA clearances, renal function returned to normal on the first postoperative day after 1-hour (N = 5) and 2-hour (N = 5) hypothermic ischaemia. In patients (N = 9) with hypothermic in-situ perfusion of between 40 and 92 min duration a transient postoperative delay of intrarenal 131-I-Hippuran transport and a reduction of the 131I-Hippuran clearance was observed which returned to almost normal 1 1/2 to 3 months after surgery. The results and the significance of the method discussed and are compared with clinical findings and with radiological and laboratory renal function studies. PMID- 803678 TI - [Isotope diagnostic findigs in nephroptoses]. AB - Radiorenography, serial scans and clearance determinations using 131-I Iodohippurate and 51-CPr-EDTA were performed on a total of 106 patients with unilateral nephroptosis. In 45 of them with pathological findings in the upright position the examination was repeated in the prone position. 19 patients underwent nephropexy and were reexamined 2 to 6 weeks there after. The results suggest that the combination of different radioisotope methods provides a valuable and sensitive means to detect posture-dependent impairment of kidney and urinary tract function and yields an additional objective basis for the selection of patients for nephropexy. PMID- 803679 TI - Longitudinal and transverse uniformity in clinical whole body counting by an improved technique. AB - A new technique using a single NaI(Tl) detector (9 cm x 6.3 cm) in two positions and based on the response curves of the detector has been described. Also a different approach to select the energy band was adopted which is helpful in reducing the dependence of counting efficiency on source depth. Various portions of the compton continuum were taken rather than confining to valley and photo peak. For transverse uniformity it was found that the energy band which gave 50% normalized count rate at half depth would give a resultant flat response with least variation. For longitudinal uniformity the separation between the two positions of the detector need to be nearly equal to the full width at half maximum of the response curve. The response curve coupling technique described here is different from the commonly used technique of iso-response curves. PMID- 803681 TI - Feeding infants of low birth weight by continuous intragastric milk-drip. PMID- 803680 TI - Effect of the temperature of tube feeding on gastric motility in monkeys. AB - The diarrhea sometimes associated with nasogastric tube feeding has been attributed to the cool temperature of the formula. To test the effect of temperature variations of liquid feedings on gastric motility, a strain gauge and feeding tube were surgically implanted in the stomachs of rhesus monkeys. With the monkeys awake and restrained, the investigators infused constant volumes of water and liquid diet formula at varying temperatures and recorded gastric motility. The temperature of the liquid did not significantly alter gastric motility or gastric emptying, suggesting that the temperature of administration of the tube feeding is not a cause of diarrhea. PMID- 803682 TI - Gout. PMID- 803684 TI - Fast neutrons produced by bombarding a beryllium target with 40 MeV helium-3 ions. PMID- 803683 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Intal in the treatment of asthma]. PMID- 803685 TI - An associated particle system for evaluation of 15 MeV neutron beam shield and collimator designs. PMID- 803686 TI - Dose distributions in high energy electron beams: production of broad beam distributions from narrow beam data. AB - In a high energy electron beam the spatial distribution of absorbed energy is dominated by multiple scattering of the electrons. The dose distribution in a broad parallel electron beam entering a uniform phantom can be resolved into a series of narrow beams overlapping one another, in each of which the scattering conditions are identical. It is therefore possible to build up a broad beam dose distribution from a knowledge of the axial and radial dose distribution in a narrow beam. Measurements have been made of such narrow beam distributions using finely collimated electron beams in the energy range 4-10 MeV, and the resulting data added by computer to give broad beam distributions which are compared with measured isodose curves. The method has been extended also to construct isodose distributions in heterogeneous phantoms. The advantages of storing electron beam data in the form of narrow beam distributions are described with particular reference to the problem of irradiating heterogeneous tissue volumes. PMID- 803687 TI - Electron depth absorbed dose distribution for a 10 MeV clinical microtron. AB - Central axis depth absorbed dose distributions of the electron beam from a medical microtron accelerator have been measured. The measured distributions differ from those of existing betatrons and linear accelerators. A larger absorbed dose build-up and a sharper dose fall-off are obtained in close agreement with theoretical calcuations for monoenergetic electron beams. The differences from other accelerators are explained by the narrow energy spectrum, the clean geometry and the small amount of scattering material in the electron beam of the microtron. PMID- 803688 TI - Evaluation of a continuously variable collimator for 14 MeV neutrons. AB - This paper presents an evaluation of a continuously variable collimator for 14 MeV neutrons. Beam profiles measured in air and a phantom are used to demonstrate the relative importance of patient scatter and collimator throat scatter as they limit the performance characteristics of the collimator. The collimator consists basically of two sets of jaws each composed of 30 cm of steel followed by 20 cm of polyethylene. A solution is presented for the asymmetry in vertical and horizontal collimating characteristics resulting from the use of thick collimators. Beam profiles obtained with the collimator are comparable to published values for a fixed field 14 MeV neutron collimator. PMID- 803689 TI - The functions of medical care. AB - Medical care has several important functions other than restoring or maintaining health. These other functions are assessment and certification of health status, prognostication, segregation of the ill to limit communication of illness, and helping to cope with the problems of illness--the caring function. Medical care serving these "paracurative" functions may legitimately be given indepedently, without associated curing or preventive intent of the provider of care. Although such services do not result in benefits to health, such as extension of life or reduction of disability, they do have other valued outcomes, outcomes not measurable as a gain in personal health status. For example, caring activities may result in satisfaction, comfort, or desirable affective states, even while the patient's health status deteriorates during an incurable illness. The physician's approach to patients, the economist's analysis of the benefits of health services, the planner's decisions about health programs, the evaluator's judgments about the quality of care, or the patient's expectations about treatment are strongly influenced by his assumptions about the purpose of medical care or the proper outcome of the process. When the health worker assumes that the only useful outcome is health, he may consider the paracurative services to be ineffective, inefficient, or undesirable. In contrast, when he recognizes and understands the paracurative functions of medical care, he may better perform his function in the medical care system. PMID- 803690 TI - An areawide cancer reporting network. AB - A cancer Surveillance Program was formed in 1970 to provide a mechanism for the early identification of some 22,000 cancer cases that are diagnosed annually among the large and varied population of Los Angeles County. The program's rapid reporting procedures facilitate early access to patients for interviewing and specimen collection. Routine review of all reports of microscopically diagnosed malignancies in hospitals throughout the county and screening of all of the county's death certificates provide virtually complete data on cancer incidence in the county. Case reports include information on age, ethnic group, birthplace, residence, religion, marital status, occupation, and industry. Continuing analysis of this information has led to the development of epidemiologic studies of several factors which may have an etiological relationship to human cancer. Among these factors are genetic susceptibility, exposure to air pollutants and industrial carcinogens and possible viral transmission. PMID- 803691 TI - Relationship of pulmonary dysfunction to respiratory infection. A study of New York City office workers. AB - Pulmonary function tests were administered to 1,573 male and female office workers 30 years of age or older during their annual periodic health examinations. The frequency of respiratory infections was established from the workers' medical records. Fourteen percent had pulmonary function abnormalities; the men and women were equally abnormal. A comparison of the frequency of respiratory infections in subjects with normal and abnormal pulmonary function, matched according to age, sex and smoking history, showed no significant differences. Two subsequent years of retesting produced similar data for pulmonary function as well as for the occurrence of respiratory infections. PMID- 803692 TI - A school immunization law is successful in Texas. PMID- 803693 TI - Public attitude toward pesticides. A random survey of pesticide use in Allegheny County, Pa. AB - Pesticide use was examined by means of a random survey in Allegheny County, Pa., in October and November 1973. The objectives included gaining insight into the need for a new community pesticide program and estimating its public acceptance. The 110 survey sites were grouped as single-family dwellings, commercial and recreational lawns, institutions, farms, rights-of-way, and wasteland. In the single-family dwellings, most householders (85 percent) used a pesticide in the previous 12 months, usually an aerosol insecticide (76 percent) or herbicide (55 percent). Their pesticide selections were most often based on advertisements of availabel products. A high percentage lacked either the interest or the knowledge of the information on the pesticide's label. No observation in this or any other study supports the need for a new special program in pesticides or indicates that a substantial segment of the public would use its services. The main users of "hard" pesticides were the golf courses, rights-of-way, and one farm-nursery. The rights-of-way used chemicals only for vegetation control. Utilities and railroads contracted with pesticide companies for this work. Municipal users applied pesticides recommended by dealers. The golf courses and a farm-nursery used a broad range of fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, which they selected because of information received from the Pennsylvania Extension Service and professional organizations. PMID- 803694 TI - Will shortages of raw materials and rising prices hurt our chances for better health care? PMID- 803695 TI - Distribution of hypertension and renal disease in Oregon. AB - Expecting to find agreement between the geographic distribution of hypertension and renal disease, we developed regional mortality rates for 1950-72 and prevalence rates for a Selective Service cohort born in 1939-41 and examined during 1957-69. For this purpose the State's counties were grouped into eight geographically homogeneous regions. The general decline in hypertension mortality was most pronounced in Portland, Oregon's major urban center. However, the decline halted during 1968-72 in the southern Cascade region which has become an area of relatively higher risk within the State. During these 23 years nephritis mortality fell, kidney infection mortality was stable, and both syndromes showed peak mortality in other, different regions of the State. The geographic pattern of hypertension prevalence among the draftee cohort resembled the 1963-67 hypertension mortality pattern, but more recent morbidity data are needed to confirm the southern Cascade region's recent change to a high-risk area. Of 529 draftees with diagnosed hypertension, only 35 percent of the cases were previously known, only 7 percent has had any previous treatment, and only 7 percent were associated with known renal conditions. Among 521 registrants with a history of renal disorders, the prevalence of hypertension was increased for all categories of renal disease but was significantly high only for those with a history of glomerulonephritis. To date in Oregon we have found no evidence that renal disorders are major determinants of hypertension morbidity or mortality. PMID- 803696 TI - Relationship of ovesity and disease in 73,532 weight-conscious women. AB - The relationship between obesity and 18 different disease conditions was examined in a cross-sectional study of 73,000 weight-conscious women (TOPS Club members). The women reported an average of 1.6 disease conditions each (based on their responses on a questionnaire). Age-specific rates of occurrence for the age group 30-49 years were calculated for each disease condition. The conditions that were found to be significantly (P smaller than 0.001) correlated with obesity were diabetes, high blood pressure, gallbladder disease, gout, thyroid disease, heart disease, arthritis, and jaundice. When the crude relative risks of obesity for each disease condition were calculated, diabetes was found to be the highest (4.5), high blood pressure was second (3.3), and gallbladder disease was third (2.7). PMID- 803698 TI - Free pregnancy testing service in New York City. PMID- 803697 TI - Survey of departments of health about PKU screening programs. AB - Mailed questionnaires were used to examine the success of PKU (phenylketonuria) screening programs that were operated by departments of health and to examine differences between these programs. Of 55 departments, 44 were returned and 42 departments reported they had a PKU detection program. Thirty-eight respondents considered the PKU detection program to be effective, and 31 respondents indicated that the entire program cost $60,000 or less per year. The answers and comments on the questionnaires showed a generally positive view of the effectiveness about the value of the treatment program in general were also positive. However, a few departments indicated that more clinical evidence and experience were needed to fully evaluate the overall merits of PKU detection and screening programs. PMID- 803699 TI - Comparative microhematocrit values of Spanish Americans and whites attending Los Angeles County youth clinics. AB - Determinations were made of the microhematocrit levels of 50 male and 50 female Spanish Americans and 50 male and 50 female white persons selected at random at two Los Angeles County youth clinics. One clinic served primarily a Spanish American population and the other, primarily a white population. Among both men and women the mean level for whites was significantly less than that for the Spanish Americans. If microhematocrit levels below 36 percent are considered below normal for women and those below 42 percent below normal for men, the prevalence of below-normal microhematocrit levels among whites was 18 percent of the women and 28 percent of the men in contrast to a prevalence of 10 percent of the women and 14 percent of the men among the Spanish Americans. The findings are contrary to those which may have been anticipated on the basis of the "Ten State Nutrition Survey, 1968-1970." PMID- 803700 TI - Estimating the market for an extended MPH program. PMID- 803701 TI - Health insurance, the medical profession, and the public health; including the results of a study of sickness expectancy. PMID- 803702 TI - Global stereopsis in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 803703 TI - Radiation quality of fields produced by 16, 30, and 50-meV deuertons on beryllium. PMID- 803704 TI - Catheter care in pediatric hyperalimentation. PMID- 803705 TI - [Biological and biochemical characteristics of toxin-producing fungi isolated from food products]. PMID- 803706 TI - [Epileptic disorders in children]. PMID- 803707 TI - R factors: plasmids conferring resistance to antibacterial agents. AB - Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance are often under the control of the bacterial chromosome. Frequently, however, an organism may exhibit resistance to one or several antibiotics as a dominant character determined by genes located on a plasmid, a relatively small, circular DNA molecule which replicates, with some degree of autonomy, in the bacterial cytoplasm. Such plasmids, termed drug resistance (R) factors, generally also specify the formation of sex pili, filamentous appendages on the cell surface. These promote bacterial conjugation, and hence permit the transfer of a copy of the plasmid from the resistant organism to one which may previously have been drug-sensitive. Each ex-conjugant is then capable of acting as a plasmid donor during subsequent pairings, so that R factors are commonly responsible for the epidemic spread of multiple drug resistance throughout an entire bacterial population. This can present serious problems in antibiotic therapy, particularly as plasmids are often transmissible between organisms of different species, and even different genera. The molecular nature, classification and behaviour of R factors is discussed. PMID- 803708 TI - Toxicology and pharmacological action of anabaena flos-aquae toxin. AB - Calves, rats, ducks, and goldfish given lethal oral doses of bacteria-free lyophilized cell suspensions of toxic Anabaena flos-aquae died as a result of respiratory arrest. Experiments with selected animals and pharmacological preparations showed that the main effect of the toxin was production of a sustained postsynaptic depolarizing neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 803709 TI - Maternal malnutrition and placental transfer of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in the rat. AB - In the pregnant rat, dietary protein restriction reduces the transfer of 14C labeled alpha-aminoisobutyric acid from the maternal blood into the fetus. One of the causes of this phenomenon is a reduced capacity of the placenta to release into the fetus alpha-aminoisobutyric acid taken up from the maternal blood. PMID- 803710 TI - Gene transfer to myxobacterium by Escherichia coli phage P1. AB - Myxococcus xanthus is a bacterium with an interest for studies of development because it has an organized multicellular phase in its life cycle. Bacteriophage Pl can adsorb to M. xanthus and inject its DNA into this organism despite the wide taxonomic gap separating myxococcus from Escherichia coli, the source of Pl. A specialized transducing derivative of Pl, called PlCM, can carry a gene for chloramphenicol resistance from E. coli into M. xanthus and generate unstable drug-resistant strains. PMID- 803711 TI - Transmissible mink encephalopathy: infectivity of corneal epithelium. AB - Corneal epithelium from hamsters dying of transmissible mink encephalopathy contained a virus titer of 10-4.8 times the 50 percent lethal dose (10-4.8 LD50) per 0.05 milliliter when assayed as a cell suspension derived directly from the infected animal. After one passage in tissue culture, an equivalent concentration of cells contained only 10-0.8 LD50 per 0.05 milliliter.. It is concluded that corneal tissues are infectious; the infectivity may be mainly associated with free nerve endings. However, the most important immediate inference is that corneas from human beings affected with Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease are likely to be lethal if transplanted to healthy recipients. PMID- 803712 TI - Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites. AB - An electro-optical system was developed to record microscope images with high resolution at low light intensities. The system was used to study the invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites. Invasion consists of attachment of the anterior end of the parasite to the erythrocyte, deformation of the erythrocyte, and the entry of the parasite by erythrocyte membrane invagination. PMID- 803713 TI - Absence of pyruvate decarboxylase activity in man: a cause of congenital lactic acidosis. AB - A complete deficiency in the pyruvate dehydrogenase system activity contributed to the death of a 6-month-old infant with congenital lactic acidosis. The enzymatic block could be isolated to the first component, pyruvate decarboxylase (E1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This enzymatic deficiency allowed a demonstration of an "intercomplex" exchange of the components of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase system and indicated that the first component is normally present in an apparent excess. PMID- 803715 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of the precursor of immunoglobulin light chain programmed by messenger RNA in vitro. AB - The five proteins programmed in a cell-free system by a mouse kappa light chain messenger RNA were labeled with [3H]leucine and subjected to amino acid sequence analyses. In all five proteins, 20 amino acid residues precede the amino terminus of the mature protein, indicating that there is one major point for the initiation of messenger RNA translation. The abundance (30 percent) of leucine residues in the extra piece (leucine at positions 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13) indicates that this moiety is hydrophobic. Furthermore, it seems that the precursor may have an additional extra piece at the carboxyl terminus. PMID- 803714 TI - Reconstitution of Rh (D) antigen activity from human erythrocyte membranes solubilized by deoxycholate. AB - Proteins were selectively solubilized from human erythrocyte membranes with deoxycholate. After ultracentrifugation and preliminary fractionation procedures, the detergent was removed from the soluble membranes by Bio-Beads SM-2 and dialysis against 5 millimolar magnesium chloride. Reaggregation took place with the apparent formation of vesicles which showed serologically specific Rh antigen activity. PMID- 803717 TI - New data on the hereditary adaptive increase in thermostability in the forked mutant of Drosophila melanogaster under repeated thermal shock. AB - It was confirmed that forked mutants of D. melanogaster strain C(I)RM developing after a single intrauterine heating of oocytes in females at 39 degrees for 30 and 45 min exhibited changes in the average number of anomalous thoracic macrochaetae on females: heating for 30 min caused a decrease (normalization of the phenotype), while heating for 45 min caused an increase (intensification of mutation expression). It was established that these changes are inherited maternally, in the same manner as long-term Jollos modifications. Evaluation of the number of anomalous thoracic macrochaetae in parallel strains of flies after heating of the oocytes during the critical periods of macrochaeta development (seven days before egg laying), i.e., the stage of oocyte formation in the germarium. Heating of oocytes in F2t1 females "preliminarily heated in the F1 generation showed that the stability curve for the oocytes after "preliminary" heating during the critical developmental period exhibited an abrupt decrease rather than the anticipated rise, which can only be attributed to an adaptive increase in oocyte thermostability as a result of preliminary heating. PMID- 803719 TI - Total body potassium and serum electrolyte concentrations in protein energy malnutrition. AB - The total body potassium (TBK) and serum electrolyte concentrations of malnourished children in Cape Town are similar to those in Jamaica. The TBK is almost always low and hyponatraemia is common, but there was no relationship between the TBK and serum Na and K concentrations. These abnormalities, particularly a very low TBK, appear to influence the prognosis. The expression of the observed TBK as a percentage of the expected value for a normal child, of the same weight and height, appears to be a useful index of the severity of the total body potassium deficit. PMID- 803716 TI - Influence of ecdysterone on the growth of cells and synthesis of macromolecules in established cell lines of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Ecdysterone (beta-ecdysone) and 2-deoxy-alpha-ecdysone specifically inhibit the growth of established embryonic cells of D. melanogaster. A preparation of alpha ecdysone is 100 times less active than ecdysterone. The action of ecdysterone is eliminated when it is removed within 24 h, but after 48 h the inhibiting influence of the hormone becomes irreversible. The diploid line, triploid and tetraploid sublines are sensitive to ecdysterone. The diploid subline with a spontaneously arisen translocation of an X-chromosome to an autosome of the third pair is substantially more resistant to ecdysterone. At 24 h after the addition of ecdysterone, there is a 2-5-fold suppression of the synthesis of total RNA; DNA synthesis is lowered to the same degree only after 48 h. The gross synthesis of proteins, measured according to the incorporation of C 14-lysine, was not suppressed even after 48 h. PMID- 803718 TI - [Dust induced disease]. PMID- 803720 TI - Letter: Dr. C. P. Andrew--the first to transplant an organ? PMID- 803721 TI - Serum transferrin values in White and Black toddlers: a comparative study. AB - Serum albumin and transferrin levels were measured and compared in healthy White and Black toddlers and a significant difference was found. Black girls had significantly higher transferrin levels than White girls. No significant correlation was found between serum transferrin and either body weight, haemoglobin or serum albumin. These findings seem to question the validity of transferrin as a sensitive parameter for the detection of subtle protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 803722 TI - Recent advances and controversies in the management of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Sifting the preceding factors, which may weigh for or against routine laparotomy and splenectomy as a staging procedure in Hodgkin's disease, we advocate that one be sure the diagnosis and histologic classification are confirmed by an experienced hematologic pathologist, that complete clinical studies for clinical staging with the exception of the lymphangiogram be performed, and that a laparotomy and splenectomy be performed in appropriate centers for clinical Stages I through III and unconfirmed Stage IV patients unless some contraindication is present. The subdiaphragmatic nodal areas should not be irradiated without evidence of the presence of disease in these areas. A minimum of 4,000 rads of supervoltage therapy should be delivered to the areas known to be involved with Hodgkin's disease plus the neighboring lymph node areas, using total nodal irradiation only on definite indication but not prophylactically. PMID- 803723 TI - [Long-term ambulatory treatment of patients with hypertensive disease]. PMID- 803724 TI - Malignant-benign lesions: unsolved problems. PMID- 803725 TI - Diagnostic criteria and long term therapy of bleeding disorders in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 803726 TI - Studies of the human factor VIII/von Willebrand's factor protein I. Comparison of the protein found in normal, von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia A. PMID- 803729 TI - [The congenital urethral diverticulum of the Male Urethra of adults]. AB - On 4 male adults we demonstrated a congenital urethral diverticulum. The clinical symptomatology mainly showed the inflammatory micturition difficulties, while the obstructive micturtition symptomatology of the childhood was hardly registered by the patients. Injection and micturition urethrogram led to the diagnosis. The mostly additional obstructive effect of a diverticulum can be well diagnosed by urodynamic investigations (cystourethromanometry and uroflowmetry). We used the following treatment: removal of the membrane between diverticulum and urethra and resection of the urethral diverticulum with primary urethral obstruction. The advantages of an open approach in comparison to endoscopical therapy were pointed out. PMID- 803727 TI - [Lysosomes and lysosomal storage diseases]. PMID- 803728 TI - [Present status and treatment of urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - Urogenital tuberculosis has not decreased in incidence like other forms of tuberculosis and this is not to be expected in the coming years. Following combined modern chemotherapy the chances of conversion and also clinical cure are increased. The patient's cooperation during a systematic triple drug therapy in adequate dosage is important. The possibility of ambulatory treatment will depend on the clinical findings and the patient's social situation. Physical and occupational therapy and early resocialization of the patient are important. Prolonged unemployment should be avoided. Urological care of the patient is particularly important in the early phases of the treatment. PMID- 803730 TI - [The effect of long term antibacterial treatment following prostatic surgery. A comparative study in 96 patients]. AB - In a prospective, randomized study in 96 patients undergoing prostatic surgery (92 patients) and extensive transurethral bladder surgery (4 patients) all patients received postoperative antibiotics for five days. Following this the patients were divided into two groups. Group A received Bactrim for three months and Group B received a placebo for three months. Urine cultures were carried out six times during this three month period. In Group A, 13 patients (25%) were infected preoperatively and 9 patients (17%) postoperatively. In group B, 10 patients (22.8%) were infected preoperatively and 9 patients (20.5%) postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the results in the two groups. These and other results allow the following conclusions: 1. Routine postoperative long term treatment with antibacterial substances has no significant effect on the postoperative urinary tract infection. 2. Long term preoperative indwelling catheter treatment increases the incident of postoperative urinary tract infection. This can be prevented by operating patients early following the first urinary retention. It is confirmed that there is an increased risk of persistent urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladder disturbances, preoperative ureteral dilatation, diabetes mellitus and various other complications. PMID- 803731 TI - Neonatal female urethral diverticulum. AB - Urethral diverticula are uncommon, and congenital origin has been disputed. A well-documented case in a six-hour-old baby girl is presented to reinforce the concept of congenital origin in some instances. Surgical diagnosis and management are discussed. PMID- 803732 TI - Von Recklinghausen's disease presenting as scrotal tumor. AB - A five-year-old boy had an asymptomatic, periurethral, scrotal-perineal mass. An unusual associated urethral defect was subsequently discovered. The locally aggressive lesion was excised and urethroplasty accomplished. The histopathologic diagnosis proved to be plexiform neurofibroma. This is a forme fruste example of ectodermal dysplasia known as neurofibromatosis. I believe this is the first report of similar scrotal, perineal, or periurethral involvement in the syndrome. PMID- 803733 TI - Composition of a "red water" bloom in Southeast Alaska. PMID- 803735 TI - [Oncogenic action of ob40 virus]. PMID- 803734 TI - Quantitative studies on bovine immunoglobulins. AB - The influence of serum immunoglobulins on the incidence of calf pneumonia, and the relationship between sub-clinical pneumonia, and calf serum Ig levels, is discussed. Monospecific antisera were used to measure levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA in the sera of bull calves aged around 2 1/2 weeks. These calves were selected retrospectively according to their disease record up to six months of age. A clear association was found between low levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgA in the "2 1/2-week" sample and subsequent susceptibility to pneumonia at around 2 1/2 months of age. Calves showing signs of pneumonia had low levels of IgG1 (45-5 per cent had less than 8 mg per ml compared with "now-pneumonic" calves which had relatively high levels (only 9.5 per cent had less than 8 mg per ml). In contrast, older calves bled at monthly intervals and found to have pneumonic lesions at slaughter had significantly evevated levels of both IgGa and IgG2. PMID- 803737 TI - [Histomorphology of the liver by damage with phenolisatine-containing laxatives (Recurrent chronic cholangiohepatitis)]. AB - In the case of 36 female patients who were anamnestically known to have taken laxatives, semiquantitative histological investigations with laparoscopically obtained liver needle biopsies were effected after the exposition with preparations containing phenolisatine. The time gap until exposition was 12 to 24 h (16 cases), 48 h (8 cases), 72 to 96 h (4 cases) and 7 to 14 days (4 cases). The histological result after the exposition is an acute cholangiolitis of the allergic-hyperergic type with edema and a dense eosinophile infiltration of the portal fields with destruction of the epithelium of preformed bile ducts and portally proliferated ductles. In addition, the parenchyma of the liver shows a pleomorphism of the cells in form and colour with a cellular edema and with disseminated acidophilic necroses and necrobioses of the individual cells as well as with little reactive proliferation of the Kupffer's cell. After a period of 8 days the acute process has more or less subsided. Also, in the majority of cases there are histological signs of an aggressive chronic hepatitis of type IIa, partially in the active stage with piece-meal necroses and partially stabilized or in the process of healing. A transition to the picture of hepatitic cirrhosis is possible. In serious cases the picture of a chronic non-purulent destructive cholangitis can be simulated by the hepatocellular and canalicular damage. Thirty one bioptic pre-examinations from the same results, whereby the acute cholangiolitical exacerbation can be attributed to an exposition of the patients themselves. The clinical picture of the phenolisatine damage in its entirety is induced by medication and is described as a recurrent chronic cholangiohepatitis. Similarities exist between the liver damages caused by chlorpromazine and arsphenamine. When medication is discontinued, the morphologic substrate recedes leaving behind an inactive fibrosis or cirrhosis. The formal and known causal pathogenetic connections are discussed with regard to this clinically important liver disease. Guidelines are then given for histological diagnosis of this damage caused by medication. 14% of the female patients with a histological picture of aggressive chronic hepatitis and hepatitic cirrhosis are affected by this type of liver damage. PMID- 803736 TI - [On the ultrastructure and cytochemistry of eosinophil-myelomonocytic leukemias]. AB - In the bone marrow of two patients with acute leukemia 46% and 55% of atypical eosinophilic cells were found, respectively. Blood eosinophilia was absent. The N AS-D-Cl-Esterase reaction of the granules was positive in the first case in 58%, and in the second case in 3% of the eosinophils, as well as the PAS-reaction in all cells of this series. The ultrastructure of the eosinophils reveals nuclear maturation up to hypersegmentation. The maturation of the granules, in part of abnormal size, is arrested at the primary stage. Typical secondary granules with cristalloid cores are lacking. Only in the first case a few, small, semicircular or circular profiles of lamellar substructure are seen in the granules. The cytoplasm of hypersegmentated eosinophils shows an abnormally high glycogen content. Besides the eosinophils, monocytic cells and their precursors proliferate in the bone marrow of the first patient. In the second patient myeloblasts, promyelocytes with Auer rods, and monocytic cells characterize further neoplastic cell population. The elements of the monocytic series can be identified by their ultrastructural features, such as irregular configuration of the nuclei, bundles of cytoplasmatic microfilaments, and numerous small electron dense lysosomal granules. In both cases the Alpha-Naphthyl-Acetase-Esterase reaction is weakly positive. The findings presented are summarized under the terms "eosinophil-monocytic leukemia" and "eosinophil-myelomonocytic leukemia" (collective term). PMID- 803738 TI - A hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease based on an ultrastructural study. AB - The epitheloid cells forming the granulomata of Crohn's disease show striking vacuolation from the coalescing of pinocytotic vesicles with double membrane bound bodies and their subsequent fusion with lysosomal dense bodies. The fine detail of the granulomata in each individual is uniform but varies from case to case in such a way as to suggest an episodic stimulation of pinocytosis and vacuole formation. The production of such granulomata with these cyclical appearances is consistent with an intermittent stimulus by exogenous antigen or antigen antibody complexes arriving in the diet. PMID- 803739 TI - Experimental polymer storage disease in rabbits. An approach to the histogenesis of sphingolipidoses. AB - Water-soluble polymer compound, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), and water-insoluble polymer compounds, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polystylol (PS), were administered in 297 rabbits. When high polymerized PVA, PVAc or PS were continuously injected intravenously for a long period of time, lesions resembled to those of Gaucher and Niemann-Pick diseases were developed. From these experimental results, pathological development of various sphingolipidoses found in the human body was discussed and pathological findings were analysed polymer chemically from the chemical properties of the substances stored. PMID- 803740 TI - Characterization of the capsid and cylindrical inclusion proteins of three strains of turnip mosaic virus. PMID- 803741 TI - Development of direct antiglobulin reaction accompanying alloimmunization in a patient with Rhd (D, category III) phenotype. AB - New examples of the Rhd (D, category III) red cell phenotype are described in three siblings. One of these individuals who had previously been transfused, received three units of Rho(D) positive blood several years later and developed a high titer anti-RhD antibody. This anamnestic response was associated with the development of an autoantibody which persisted for a period of at least 8 months. This observation represents another example of autoimmunization which has rarely been observed to accompnay alloimmunization. PMID- 803742 TI - Routine screening of donor plasma suitable for the preparation of antitetanus immunoglobulin. AB - A radial immunodiffusion assay for serum antitetanus antibody has been in routine use in this laboratory for 12 months. It has proved simple and reliable for the screening of normal blood donors. Earlier preliminary observations - that (a) 4.4% East Anglian donors have antibody levels of 5 IU/ml or more and (b) 29% of such donors maintain more or less constant antibody levels for a considerable time without further known stimulation - have been confirmed. PMID- 803743 TI - Vascular manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - A casual relationship between von Recklinghausen's disease, or neurofibromatosis, and arteriolar abnormalities has been reported in the European literature. A patient was seen who had biopsy-proved neurofibromatosis and renovascular hypertension and retroperitoneal bleeding. An arteriographic study showed multiple small aneurysms throughout the coeliac axis, the superior mesenteric artery and in several small intrarenal vessels. Renal vein renin levels were elevated particularly in the right renal vein, supporting the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Both the aneurysms seen in angiographic studies and the retroperitoneal hemorrhage are probably vascular manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease. Support for this conclusion is enhanced by the absence of clinical, laboratory or histologic data supporting the only tenable differential diagnosis, periarteritis nodosa. PMID- 803744 TI - Services for cardiovascular emergencies. Report of a WHO Committee. PMID- 803745 TI - Guidelines for evaluation of drugs for use in man. Report of a WHO scientific group. PMID- 803746 TI - Genital tuberculosis: cytologic detection. PMID- 803747 TI - Thyroxine dissociation in human plasma: measurement of its rate by a continuous flow dialysis method. AB - A method is described for measuring the rate at which thyroxine dissociates from binding proteins in human plasma. The method depends upon the fact that free thyroxine is able to diffuse through Visking dialysis membrane whereas bound thyroxine cannot. At 20 degrees C half of the plasma thyroxine dissociates within about 200 seconds and 75% within 10 min. At 37 degrees C half of the hormone dissociates in less than 20 seconds and the reaction is virtually complete in 3-4 min. These values agree well with those previously obtained by a resin-uptake method. In the Discussion it is calculated that the pool of free thyroxine in the plasma is replinished about 5 times 10-6 times each day and that an individual thyroxine molecule spends only about 15 mseconds in free solution during each transit. PMID- 803748 TI - Dynamic evaluation of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (hPRL) secretion in active acromegaly with high and low GH output. AB - Ten patients with active acromegaly were studied. In 9 plasma GH levels failed to suppress after glucose (OGTT), in 8 an increase in serum GH occurred after thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). After L-Dopa, 4 patients showed no change in serum GH, 3 exhibited a decrease and in 3 an increase in serum hGH occurred. With a combined insulin (ITT) and arginine (ATT) test, 2 patients exhibited an increase in hGH, and in 6 no change occurred. Fasting serum GH concentration was less than 11 ng/ml in 5 patients. Basal prolactin (hPRL) levels were normal in all patients including two with galactorrhea. L-Dopa suppressed and TRH stimulated hPRL secretion in all, but the responses which were seen were subnormal. Hydrocortisone infusion in two acromegalics did not affect the prolactin induced increase after TRH but blunted the GH increase after TRH. PMID- 803749 TI - The exchange of thyroxine between plasma and liver: the role of free thyroxine. AB - An investigation has been made into the exchange of thyroxine between human plasma and the perfused rat liver. A stop-flow method was used to hold plasma within the liver sinusoids for periods up to 20 min. At 20 degrees C it was found that thyroxine present in the sinusoids transferred to the liver at a rate of 5 6%/min; and that thyroxine transferred from the liver to the plasma at a rate of 1%/min. In a second series of experiments, trace amounts of free thyroxine were injected into the stream of plasma just as it entered the tissue; the liver captured 18.5% of this injected hormone. In the discussion it is noted that 29% of the plasma thyroxine dissociates into free solution each minute. If the liver is able to capture 18.5% of this hormone (as the above experiment suggests) then the plasma-to-liver transfer rate would be 5-6%/min, which is the rate actually observed. These observations strongly suggest that the transfer of thyroxine from plasma to liver involves its initial release into the free state followed by trapping by the tissue binding sites. PMID- 803750 TI - Thyroid function and triiodothyronine and thyroxine kinetics in rabbits immunized with thyroid hormones. AB - Neck-uptake studies, thyroid scintiscans and triiodothyronine (T4)-kinetic studies were performed in normal rabbits and in animals producing antibodies against thyroid hormones. In immunized animals the radioiodide uptake and turnover were increased 3-fold and 6-17-fold, respectively. The thyroid glands were found to be enlarged scintigraphically and showed a denser tracer distribution pattern. T3 and T4 kinetic data were obtained from 5 rabbits immunized with T3 (ABT3), 4 immunized with T4 (ABT4) and from 5 controls. In T3 immunized animals total T3 in the serum rose from 86 to 59 000 ng/100 ml, in T4 immunized rabbits total T4 increased from 2.5 to 53.8 mug/100 ml. The fundamental principles of regulation were similar in both T3 and T4 immunized rabbits: There were enormous decreases in the total distribution spaces (TDS) as well as in the fractional turnover rates (k), resulting in markedly decreased metabolic clearance rates (MCR). The fall in T3-MCR was directly proportional to the T3 binding activity of the sera. However, striking differences between the respective alterations of T3 and T4 kinetic data were obtained in the immunized animals: T3-MCR fell about 70-fold in ABT3, whereas T4-MCR was diminished 15-fold in T4 immunized rabbits. In both groups of immunized animals T3-TDS decreased more than the T3 fractional turnover, whereas T4-TDS was less affected than k T4. The T3 production rates (PR) were increased 10-fold in ABT3 and 5-fold in ABT4, whereas the increases in T4-PR were of only moderate degree both in ABT3 and ABT4. Using presently available radiochemical methods in metabolic status of immunized rabbits could not be definitely assessed: "clinically" the animals were euthyroid. However, the dialyzable fraction in the serum of both T3 and T4 did not decrease proportionately to the enormous increase in total hormone concentration, so the free hormone concentrations were elevated over the normal. The results of the calculations of the cellular hormonal T3- and T4-clearance were more consistent with a euthyroid state: In ABT4 the cellular metabolism of both hormones was not different from the normal; in ABT3 a 1.7-fold increase in the cellular clearance of T3 was accompanied by a significant decrease of that in T4. PMID- 803751 TI - The coagulation system during caerean section. Coagulation, fibrinolysis and hormonal levels in peripheral and uterine venous blood during caesarean section. PMID- 803753 TI - The urine-plasma ratio of some proteins in gestosis. PMID- 803752 TI - Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy. I. Clinical aspects and liver function tests. PMID- 803754 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with optic neuritis. PMID- 803755 TI - Treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection in children. II. Compliance of parents and children with antibiotic therapy regimen. AB - Since none of the studies of long-term management of recurrent urinary tract infections considered the possibility of patients' not taking medication, compliance with long-term antibiotic therapy was tested by urine check in 93 children with recurrent urinary tract infection. Only 30 children (32.2%) took the prescribed drugs at regular intervals, 27 children (19.1%) did not take the antibiotics at all and 36 patients took the drugs irregularly, skipping one or two doses a day. The difference in infection rate between regular takers (3.9/year) and non-takers (7.2/year) and irregular takers (4.8/year) and non takers was statistically highly significant. Forgetfulness and negligence of the parents was found to be the main reason for not giving the child the medication. Treatment studies which show the advantage of one regimen over another or which try to define optimal duration of therapy should take particular care in evaluation compliance. PMID- 803757 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 803756 TI - Outcome of neonatal intensive care. PMID- 803758 TI - Regionalization of perinatal care. PMID- 803759 TI - Healing of mandibular osteomyelitis in a narcotics addict following hyperbaric oxygen: case report. PMID- 803760 TI - John Morgan: anatomist, educator, military physician. PMID- 803761 TI - Ectopic pregnancy associated with the Dalkon Shield: report of three cases. PMID- 803763 TI - Platelet transfusions in clinical medicine. PMID- 803762 TI - Rapid diagnostic methods in infectious diseases. PMID- 803764 TI - The changing character of infective endocarditis. AB - The presentation and course of infective endocarditis is changing because there is an increasing number of resistant organisms which are causative agents. At present, resistant organisms are isolated in more than one-half of the cases; Streptococcus viridans is found in only 40 percent. The increased use of antimicrobial agents, the frequent use of intravenous heroin and the increased amount of cardiac surgery have been important in increasing the number of resistant organisms and providing convenient access routes to the circulation. PMID- 803765 TI - Approaches to asthma management. AB - Allergic asthma is caused by antigen reaction with IgE fixed to mast cells of the bronchi. The reaction causes release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis and histamine, which cause bronchial constriction. Prophylactic treatment includes avoidance of antigens, desensitization and use of cromolyn sodium. The latter appears to impede release of chemical mediators by the mast cell. Although of no value during an acute attack, this agent reduces attacks and reduces the need for other drugs in patients with severe perennial asthma. PMID- 803766 TI - Nonocclusive coronary disease after chronic exposure to nitrates: evidence for physiologic nitrate dependence. AB - A 38-year-old man, exposed to notroglycerin in his work as an explosives expert, developed non-occlusive ischemic heart disease after withdrawal of exposure to organic nitrates. Despite the severity of his symptoms and the documented spasm of his right coronary artery, his electrocardiogram was at all times normal, as were results of a wide panel of laboratory tests. Sublingual nitroglycerin amerliorated the symptoms which have decreased with time. PMID- 803768 TI - Letter: Ischemic ST segment depression and dyspnea. PMID- 803767 TI - Quantification pitfalls in comparative studies of antianginal therapies. PMID- 803769 TI - Letter: Protein-calorie deficiency in nonhuman primates. PMID- 803770 TI - Clinical experience with an elemental diet. AB - An elemental diet of defined composition and simple chemical form was nutritionally tested in a variety of surgical patients. Complete absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and minimal fecal residue proved especially advantageous in patients undergoing abdomianl surgery, and the diet also showed usefulness in patients with feeding problems. The patients responded well clinically, although some of them showed taste fatigue. Minimal variations in blood coagulation and chemistry indicated that the diet was safe, at least as it was used in the patients studied. PMID- 803771 TI - Functional variations in the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland in malnourished infant monkeys. AB - Healthy male pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were procured at the age of 6-9 months, and fed either a 20 percent casein diet or a diet containing 2 percent casein as the sole source of protein. After 3-5 months, the malnourished monkeys developed many features usually associated with the clinical syndrome of marasmic kwashiorkor as seen in socioeconomically underpriviledged societies. Ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid gland revealed that dietary protein-calorie deficiency produced marked reduction in follicular cell height, conspicuous decrease in the number of apical filamentous microvilli, and a relative scarcity of the apical microvesicles as well as other pale staining colloid vesicles compared to findings on control glands. The electron-dense lysosomelike granules did not appear particularly affected, although in some sections they seemed to have increased in number and were located mainly in the basal portion of the cells, These electron-dense granules often displayed marked lack of homogeneity in regard to their structure in the malnourished glands. Most of these morphologic alterations have been noted frequently in thyroid glands of hypophysectomized animals, or in glands suppressed by the administration of thyroxine, and are therefore highly indicative of thyroid hypofuction in this animal prototype of human protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 803772 TI - Emergency treatment of large numbers of children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Dried skimmed milk is the accepted food for the initial treatment of severe protein-calorie malnutrition. Major drawbacks of dried skimmed milk include tendency to provoke or aggravate severe diarrhea (presumably due to lactose intolerance) and its low caloric content predisposing to hypoglycemia and slow rate of weight gain. Kwashiorkor food mix, prepared from dried skimmed milk, calcium casinate, sucrose and reinforced with vegetable oil, was designed to overcome these handicaps with the dried skimmed milk. It was used in treating thousands of children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the Nigeria Biafra War. The results of treatment show that compared with dried skimmed milk, kwashior food mix lowered the rate of severe diarrhea, hypoglycemia and case fatality; and the patients thus treated showed a faster gain in weight. Furthermore, its combination with postkwashiorkor food mix at a later stage of treatment maintained the initial improvement. PMID- 803773 TI - Urinary amino acid excretion during experimentally induced sandfly fever in man. PMID- 803774 TI - Immunologic responses in malnourished children. PMID- 803775 TI - A simple method for the elimination of platelets from the lymphocyte-platelet mixture by sucrose. AB - A method for the separation of lymphocytes from human blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation, with removal of platelets by a single sucrose solution with a density of 65%, is presented. The Ficoll-Hypaque-sucrose method gives a good yield of lymphocytes, high viability and purity, and relatively low contamination with erythrocytes and platelets. PMID- 803776 TI - Waldenstroom's macroglobulinemia with lytic osseous lesions and plasma-cell morphology. Report of a case. AB - A 44-year-old man had Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, diagnosed on the basis of serum protein studies. A predominantly plasmacytic bone-marrow morphology and significant osseous lesions were present. This case and others in the literature indicate that osseous lesions are not uncommon in Waldenstom's macroglobulinemia, that occasional patients with this disease have proliferation mainly of plasma cells, and that a plasma-cell morphology is usually associated with the development of osteolytic lesions. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma may merely be opposite ends of the same disease spectrum, with intermediate forms, such as the case in point, occurring. PMID- 803777 TI - Mucosal and hepatic metabolism during the spontaneous disappearance of salicylate induced gastric erosions. AB - Salicylate-induced gastric erosions have been shown to disappear despite continuing salicylic acid administration in the rat. On the other hand, numerous drugs are able to change the capacity of the gastric mucosa to conjugate xenobiotics, which gives reason to follow gastric resistance to salicylic acid and to correlate it with changes in mucosal rate of drug biotransformation reactions. Gastric and duodenal UDP glucuronyltransferase activity decreased markedly within 12 hours after a single dose of salicylic acid. when continuing salicylic acid administration, macroscopic gastric lesions disappeared within 3 days and mucosal UDP glucuronyltransferase activity increased above control level. In 2 weeks the activity returned to control level. In spite of the fact that salicylates markedly inhibited gastroduodenal glucuronidation in vitro, there was no substrate effect of salicylic acid present at the time rats were killed. Duodenal 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase activity was not affected by salicylic acid administration. The gastric activity of benzpyrene hydroxylase in controls and in rats treated with salicylic acid was below the sensitivity of the method. Hepatic detoxification capacity was quite stable. A slight depression of 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase activity did, however, take place within 2 weeks. Gastric and duodenal protein contents decreased after a single salicylic acid administration, but returned to control level in 5 days in the duodenum, and in 2 weeks in the stomach, when the administration was prolonged. The results suggest that mucosal detoxification capacity may have a role in the pathogenesis of drug induced gastric erosions. Gastric mucosa adapts to repeated salicylic acid administration, having reduced susceptibility to drug-induced erosions. PMID- 803778 TI - "Hippie" hepatitis: an epidemiologic investigation conducted within a population of "street-people". AB - An epidemiologic investigation of viral hepatitis among "street-people" was conducted in Pittsburgh, PA in 1971. Among 146 individuals, 100 admitted to parenteral drug use and 73 (50%) had evidence of acute viral hepatitis. Counterelectrophoresis (CEP) and complement-fixation (CF) were used to test for type B antigen (HBS AG). Seventeen individuals (22%) had detectable HBSAG; 13 of these were clinically ill and admitted to drug use, Type B antibody (anti-HBS) was tested for by CEP and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP). Thirty-five persons (29%), 15 of whom admitted to drug use and were ill, had detectable antibody by RIP; none had detectable antibody by CEP. None of those tested had both HBSAB and anti-HBS Evidence to support the hypothesis of sexual transmission of type B virus was found. Use of prophylactic gamma globulin in street-people populations is recommended. PMID- 803779 TI - Comparative analyses of members of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus complex. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic examination of viruses selected from the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) complex revealed distinct strain to strain differences in profiles of the two virion envelope proteins. The core protein was identical in all viruses tested. We detected five electrophoretic patterns into which the virus strains could be classified and these were designated alpha (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma), delta (delta), and episolon (episolon). Isolates representing variant E of subtype I exhibited a profile characterized by only one apparent envelope band. The epizootic subtypes I-A, I B, I-C and the sylvatic subtype II viruses contained at least two envelope proteins which differed in molecular weight according to virus strain but which were not necessarily specific for antigenic variety. These results generally, though not uniformly, support the serologic classification of the VEE virus complex and suggested that the usefulness of the classification scheme could be complemented by the inclusion of biochemical criteria. PMID- 803780 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage--an unusual manifestation of neurofibromatosis. AB - Hemorrhage from intestinal neurofibromas or leiomyomas is an infrequent but often life-threatening complication of neurofibromatosis. Despite typical cutaneous findings, the bleeding tumor usually cannot be demonstrated because of its inaccessible location in the jejunum or ileum. In the present case, superior mesenteric arteriography successfully demonstrated hemorrhage from a jejunal leiomyoma. Review of the literature demonstrates the difficulty of establishing the correct diagnosis by other means. Arteriography should be the contrast procedure of first choice in the patient with neurofibromatosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 803782 TI - Office nursing in a problem-oriented practice. PMID- 803781 TI - Myoglobinemia following acute myocardial infarction. AB - Myoglobin was identified in the serum of 11 of 21 patients after myocardial infarction by a sensitive specific complement fixation technic. This method allowed detection of as little as 0.03 mug of myoglobin. The assay tended to underestimate small concentrations of myoglobin due to serum interference. Myoglobinuria occurred with myoglobinemia but did not reflect the level of myoglobinemia or the duration of elevated serum levels. Larger amounts of myoglobin, 0.4 mug/ml or greater, were found in patients with severe infarctions, three of four of whom died as a result of this illness. PMID- 803783 TI - Water intoxication associated with oxytocin administration during saline-induced abortion. AB - Four cases of water intoxication in connection with oxytocin administration during saline-induced abortions are described. The mechanism of water intoxication is discussed in regard to these cases. Oxytocin administration during midtrimester-induced abortions is advocated only if it can be carried out under careful observations of an alert nursing staff, aware of the symptoms of water intoxication and instructed to watch the diuresis and report such early signs of the syndrome as asthenia, muscular irritability, or headaches. The oxytocin should be given only in Ringers lactate or, alternately, in Ringers lactate and a 5 per cent dextrose and water solutions. The urinary output should be monitored and the oxytocin administration discontinued and the serum electrolytes checked if the urinary output decreases. The oxytocin should not be administered in excess of 36 hours. If the patient has not aborted by then the oxytocin should be discontinued for 10 to 12 hours in order to perform electrolyte determinations and correct any electrolyte imbalance. PMID- 803784 TI - Amniotic fluid phospholipid analysis in normal and complicated pregnancies. AB - Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios were determined at least once in 190 pregnancies. In 127 pregnancies an amniotic fluid specimen was obtained within 72 hours of delivery. This constitutes the corrected group. Respiratory distress was encountered 21 times with 13 of these being clinical hyaline membrane disease (CHMD). The remaining cases were either transient respiratory distress or felt to be aspiration pneumonia. When the L/S ratio was positive and the infant delivered vaginally, there was only one case of CHMD. However, when the patients had grave enough disease to warrant cesarean section, CHMD was encountered in seven cases out of 68 cesarean sections. Of the eight cases of CHMD, five were in mothers whose pregnancy was complicated by diabetes mellitus. PMID- 803785 TI - Sonar biparietal diameter growth standards in the rhesus monkey. AB - Serial sonar fetal cephalometry was performed on 67 pregnant monkeys (Macaca ulatta) with known breeding dates. A normal biparietal diameter (BPD) growth curve was constructed along four percentile divisions; namely, the 10th to the 24th, 25th to the 49th, 50th to the 74th, and the 75th to the 90th. It is shown that under normal conditions fetuses initially positioned in any one of these divisions will continue to grow within the confines of that same percentile range. This biologic phenomenon has not been previously reported. It is significant because it leads to a more precise separation of normal vs. suboptimal intrauterine growth. PMID- 803786 TI - Gonorrhea detection in a family planning clinic: a cost-benefit analysis of 2,000 triplicate cultures. AB - Among 2,019 women screened by triplicate culture technique, 191 (9.5 per cent) had one or more positive cultures of specimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The prevalence rates by site of infection were as follows: cervix-8.1 per cent; rectum-2.4 per cent, and oropharynx-0.9 per cent. Of the 191 patients with gonorrhea, 163 (85 per cent) had a positive culture of the cervical specimen. Addition of routine cultures of rectal and oropharyngeal specimens detected only 15 per cent of positive cases, while tripling the cost of the screening program. Based on a cost-benefit anallysis, a culture of the cervical specimen is most appropriate for routine screening, and cultures of rectal and/or oropharyngeal specimens should be obtained on a selected basic only. PMID- 803787 TI - Fetal maturity: biochemical analyses of amniotic fluid. AB - One hundred and three samples of amniotic fluid from 21 normal and 64 medically complicated pregnancies were used for evaluating fetal maturity by measuring one or more of the following: the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S), bilirubin concentration, creatinine concentration, and percentage of fetal fat cells. The rapid foam test for surfactant was evaluated in 20 of the samples and found to be unreliable in predicting the risk of respiratory distress syndrome. The test for fat cells gave a large percentage of false negative results, and the creatinine concentration failed to show a good correlation with gestational age. Both the bilirubin concentration and L/S ratio showed good correlation with gestational age. However, since the major cause of death in a premature infant is the respiratory distress syndrome, the maturity of the fetal lung, which is best estimated by the L/S ratio, has to be the prime concern. PMID- 803788 TI - Effect of epinephrine on the corneal edothelium. AB - Intracameral epinephrine has been advocated for treatment of iris bleeding and inadequate pupillary dilatation during intraocular surgery. Commercial epinephrine 1:1000 with its preservative sodium bisulfite damaged corneal endothelial function and ultrastructure in rabbit and monkey eyes with sodium bisulfite the source of the damage. Endothelial damage can be prevented with a 1:5000 dilution of commercially available epinephrine in 0.1% sodium bisulfite or freshly prepared epinephrine bitartrate 1:1000 with a bicarbonate Ringers. PMID- 803789 TI - Ocular torsion and the function of the vertical extraocular muscles. AB - The vertical corneal meridia are not kept perpendicular to the horizon in human and nonhuman primates when the head or body is tilted, i.e., compensatory counter rolling of the eyes does not occur. The slight torsional displacement of the vertical corneal meridia noted by many observers may be the result of rotation around an axis or to translation of the globe. The neurologic and structural systems that control the actions of the vertical muscles in human and nonhuman primates do not appear to provide a mechanism for wheel-rotation of the eyes around the pupillary axis. Ocular torsion is not a normal function of the vertical extraocular muscles. Their function is probably the reverse, i.e., the inhibition or prevention of ocular torsion and the stabilization of the eyes when the head or body inclines. Torsional displacement of a vertical corneal meridian occurs only when there is an abnormal muscle imbalance. Wheel-like movements (cycloduction) around the pupillary axis or visual line do not occur. Torsional displacement of a vertical corneal meridian occurs only with a simultaneous vertical movement. The vertical rectus and the oblique muscles in man work together to produce vertical ocular movements regardless of head position of body posture while maintaining the vertical corneal meridia parallel to the sagittal plane of the head. The vestibular apparatus may be responsible for distributing innervation among these muscles, enabling them to function in this manner. PMID- 803791 TI - Multivariate analysis of Gigantopithecus mandibles. PMID- 803790 TI - Hominid teeth and their relationship to hominid phylogeny. AB - Hominid fossil teeth are analyzed in terms of size and shape and contrasted with teeth from a modern population to determine boundaries that can be placed on a reconstruction of the hominid phylogeny. Teeth alone are considered as they are the only material preserved in large enough quantities to measure population variability accurately. Problems with the use of indices such as size and shape as species markers are discussed. Conclusions that are made about possible phylogenies are based on the analysis of size and shape. PMID- 803792 TI - Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate movement from plasma to cerebrospinal fluid in cats. AB - Rate constants have been determined for the entry of 22Na+, 36Cl minus, and H14CO3- into CSF from plasma in cats during changes in Pco2 with and without inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. The application of these rate constants to movement of unlabeled electrolytes suggests that Na+ and Cl minus enter CSF by a one-way flux into newly formed fluid, but that entering HCO3-is involved both in net accumulation in new fluid and in rapid exchange with existing HCO3-. The entering HCO3-ions are not transferred from plasma but are formed in secretory cells from dissolved CO2. The exchange component of HCO3-entry is Pco2-dependent; entry of Na+ and Cl minus is not; hence net rate of HCO3-formation estimated by difference between Na+ and Cl minus is not Pco2 dependent. The net rate of HCO3 formation lies within the availability of CO2 from blood flow to choroid plexus but is not necessarily limited to this tissue. When carbonic anhydrase is inhibited, the net rate of formation of HCO3-is close to the calculated uncatalyzed rate expected for choroid plexus. The entry of all three ions is reduced by carbonic anhydrase inhibition, but the enzyme does not seem to provide the primary signal for alteration of CSF acid-base status. Regulation of CSF pH appears to be achieved through changes in HCO3-concentration that occur subsequent to the secretion of HCO3--rich new fluid. PMID- 803793 TI - Implications of California's new mental health law. AB - The author describes the impact that implementation of California's new mental health law and of its amendments has had on the development of community mental health programs. The new legislation has acted as a catalyst to the growth of local mental health programs by providing restrictions on involuntary treatment as well as fiscal incentives for local programs. The effect of the legislation on patients has varied according to patient needs and the resources available in the community. Although the problems and controversies have arisen regarding the placement of chronic patients, impact on law enforcement, and quality of care, the service delivery system developed in response to the new legislation has resulted in a greater emphasis on crisis intervention, greater visibility of direct services, and increased community awareness and concern regarding mental health. The author concludes that mental health laws can become the catalyst for major changes in the mental health services delivery system. PMID- 803794 TI - Ideology, medical technology, and health care organization in modern nations. PMID- 803795 TI - Regional enteritis of the duodenum. PMID- 803796 TI - Anaesthesia in a patient with an unstable neck. Morquio's syndrome. AB - The conduct of anaesthesia for an emergency appendicectomy in a patient suffering from Morquio's syndrome who had an unstable neck has been described. A specially constructed plaster bed was used to fix the neck and an anaesthetic technique designed to deal with major airway problems was employed. PMID- 803797 TI - The effects of halothane and enflurane on rat brain synaptosomal sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase. AB - Synaptosomes, or nerve-ending particles, were isolated from the cerebral cortices of young rats by homogenization, differential centrifugation, and density gradient centrifugation. The sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system [(Na+ plus K+)-ATPase] of these particles is believed to represent in vitro the sodium-potassium pump of the nerve terminal. Suspensions of synpatosomes were equilibrated with air containing various concentrations of halothane and enflurane, as determined by gas chromatography. Clinical concentrations of the anesthetics had no effect on (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase activity. Fourteen per cent halothane and 14.8 per cent enflurane in the gas phase resulted in 12 and 10 per cent inhibition, respectively, of (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase activity. These data confirm that interference with active cation transport by inhibition of neuronal (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase is not related to the mechanism of halothane or enflurane anesthesia. (Key words: Anesthetics, volatile, halothane; Anesthetics, volatile, enflurane; Metabolism, enzymes, ATPase; Nerve, synaptosomal ATPase; Theories of anesthesia, ATPase.). PMID- 803798 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part IV). PMID- 803799 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part VI). PMID- 803800 TI - Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin on ejection fraction and left ventricular asynergy in coronary disease. AB - After sublingual nitroglycerin, the ejection fraction increased at least 8 percent in 10 of 19 patients (53 percent), changed less than 8 percent in 5 of 19 patients (26 percent), and decreased at least 8 percent in 4 of 19 patients (21 percent). After sublingual nitroglycerin, 16 of 21 areas (76 percent) of hypokinesis improved, 2 (10 percent) did not change, and 3 (14 percent) became worse. After sublingual nitroglycerin, 6 of 6 akinetic areas did not change. After sublingual nitroglycerin, 2 of 3 dyskinetic areas did not change and one improved. Left ventriculography performed before and after sublingual nitroglycerin may be useful in predicting viable areas of ischemic myocardium. PMID- 803801 TI - Cardiovascular depressant effects of the neomycin-streptomycin group of antibiotics. AB - Cardiovascular depressant effects of the neomycin-streptomycin group of antibiotics (aminoglycoside antibiotics) were examined during pentobarbital anesthesia in cats, dogs, and 4 species of nonhuman primates: owl (Aotus trivirgatus), squirrel (Saimiri sciureus), and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys, and dog-faced baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Intravenous administration of kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, or neomycin produced various degrees of hypotension and relative bradycardia in all species examined. In surgically prepared (open-chest) baboons, neomycin consistently induced a dose-related depression of myocardial contractile force, maximum dF/dt of myocardial contraction, cardiac output, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Maximum depression of hemodynamic values usually occurred within 2 to 5 minutes after administration of neomycin; cardiovascular function then gradually returned to control or near control levels within 30 to 60 minutes. Intravenous administration of calcium chloride rapidly reversed the neomycin mediated alterations of cardiovascular function. Present findings indicated that aminoglycoside antibiotics altered cardiovascular dynamics in anesthetized animals, and indicated that this deleterious action(s) may be related to modification of calcium ion function. PMID- 803802 TI - Effect of a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture on swine reproduction and tissue residues. AB - A commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture containing 42% chlorine by weight was fed at the dose level of 20 ppm to 3rd-litter sows throughout gestation and nursing. Treated sows differed significantly (0.05% level) from control sows in the number of live pigs they farrowed. Treated sows also had more mummified fetuses. Performance of live-born pigs was not affected by feeding PCB to the sows during nursing. Pathologic changes in the sows included hypertrophy of liver and erosion of stomach. Two treated sows, 1 of which did not conceive, had signs of extensive chronic septicemia. Slight atrophy of spleen and thyroid gland was observed in pigs from treated sows. Blood and tissue residues of PCB were less than 0.5 ppm in both sows and pigs, but the relative amounts of PCB components varied among sows and pigs, as well as among tissues. Fat concentrations of total PCB in sows ranged from 4 to 20 ppm and those of component residues varied from 0 to 60 ppm. PMID- 803803 TI - Transmission of marble spleen disease in turkeys and pheasants. AB - Marble spleen disease (MSD) of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) was transmitted in the laboratory to pheasants and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo L.) by oral, colonic, and intravenous routes of inoculation, using cell-free supernatant fluids of splenic suspension from birds with naturally occurring MSD. Gross lesions consisted of large mottled spleens, a lesion more prominent in infected pheasants than in turkeys. The only microscopic lesion and also the criterion of infection were the presence of typical intranuclear inclusions of MSD. Similar to microscopic observations in naturally infected birds was the presence of inclusions in cells of spleen, bone marrow, liver, lung, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine-associated lymphoid tisse (IALT) OF EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED BIRDS. Ultrastructural examination of splenic cells with intranuclear inclusions from turkey and pheasant with experimentally transmitted disease revealed viral particles and inclusions morphologically indistinguishable from those observed in naturally infected birds. Results of viral isolation procedures in turkey embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and yolk sac, as well as in turkey embryo fibroblast (TEF) and turkey kidney cell (TKC) cultures, were negative. Serologic assay by agar gel immunodiffusion tests indicated cross reactivity between splenic MSD antigen and spleinic hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) of turkey antigen. Lines of fusion were formed between the splenic antigen from naturally occurring MSD in pheasants, experimentally transmitted MSD in turkeys, and HE of turkeys, using the homologous serum antibody to each of the 3 antigens. PMID- 803804 TI - Experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: relationship of vaccination schedule to protection against exposure with homologous Moraxella bovis culture. AB - Calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a formalin-killed Moraxella bovis culture. They were given 3 doses of the vaccinal culture at 3 different intervals between injections, as follows: 7-day intervals (group I), 14-day intervals (group II), an21-day intervals (group III); 14 days after the 3rd vaccinal dose was given, calves in all groups were challenge exposed to virulent homologous M bovis. The challenge bacterium became established in all (100%) of the control (group IV, N equals 8) and group I (N equals 8) calves, in 7 (87%) of the group II calves (N equals 8), and in 5 (62%) of the group III (N equals 8) calves. Signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) developed in 8 (100%) of the controls, in 6 (75%) of the group I calves, in 1 (12%) of the group II calves, and in 2 (25%) of the group III calves. These results indicate that at least 14 days should be allowed between successive doses of this experimental vaccine. PMID- 803805 TI - Serologic studies of Brucella suis and Brucella canis. AB - Brucella suis strain 3b and Brucella canis strain RM-6-66 were grown on tryptose agar, and aqueous ether extracts were prepared from the cells. The aqueous phase was clarified by centrifugation for a total of 10 hours at 144,700 times g and fractionated with gels and with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose. Two fractions from B suis and 1 fraction from B canis were reactive in the indirect hemagglutination test. The sensitizing ability was destroyed by pronase, but was unaffected by ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease. Apparently, protein or one of its subunits has an important role in antigenic specificity relating to indirect hemagglutination activity. Results in immunoelectrophoretic analysis indicated at least 22 antigens were in the ultracentrifugal supernate (144,700 times g) of B suis and 31 antigens were in a similar supernate of B canis. Results in immunodiffusion and agglutination absorption studies indicated a close relationship existed between B suis and B canis. PMID- 803807 TI - Letter: Listeria meningitis during cefazolin therapy. PMID- 803806 TI - Frequency of Sarcocystis spp in Detroit, metropolitan area, Michigan. AB - A survey of Sarcocystis spp in feral animals and in domesticated animals slaughtered in Detroit, MI, was undertaken during a 6-month period, April to September, 1973, using histologic and digestion diagnostic techniques. Results indicated 75.3% of 789 sheep and 10.8% of 306 lambs were infected. Infection in young and adult sheep was low in April (0% of 78 lambs and 6.7% of 62 adult sheep), but increased in July (24% of 90 lambs and 94.1% of 201 adult sheep). High frequency of Sarcocystis in summer seems to be an epizootiologic feature of this parasite in sheep. Frequency of macroscopic cysts in sheep increased from 0 in April to 14.5% in September. During July and August, infection rates for 100 cattle and 55 pigs older than 1 year were 62 and 12.7%, respectively, but none of 55 calves and 48 pigs less than 1 year were infected. Sheep were more heavily infected than other animals examimpned. Sarcocystis spp were also found in opossum (Didelphis virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). This is believed to be the first record of a Sarcocystis sp in the raccoon. PMID- 803808 TI - Letter: Gingival "lipid line" and discordant development of xanthomas and arteriosclerosis. PMID- 803809 TI - Letter: Esophageal epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica? PMID- 803810 TI - Detection of weak electromagnetic radiation by the mammalian vestibulocochlear apparatus. PMID- 803811 TI - Contrast of dose distribution in phantom heads due to aperture and plane wave sources. AB - Current microwave biologic effects research uses both aperture and plane wave sources. In this theoretic investigation, the dose rate (time rate of energy absorption per unit mass) patterns are compared between phantom heads irradiated by both microwave sources. Two brain tissue-equivalent spheres with radii of 3.3 and 7 cm are used to simulate monkey and human heads, respectively. In addition, a five-layered tissue-equivalent sphere is employed to simulate more closely the various tissues in a monkey head. Theoretic formulations of dose rate patterns in multi-layered tissue-equivalent spheres due to separate plane wave and aperture source treatments are derived from the summation of spherical harmonics technique. Calculations are made for the dose rate patterns along two cross sectional planes and three rectangular axes in the spheres. The results of these calculations indicate variations in dose rate patterns for different sources and phantom head sizes. For aperture irradiation, microwave energy penetration into the phantom heads appears weak compared to the "hot spots" prominent in the plane wave exposure situation. It is concluded that for different radiation sources, direct comparison of biologic results by external field measurements as the only common denominator may not be dosimetrically valid. The results also indicate that for the same measured exposure rate (power density), the microwave energy absorption pattern in a human head may vary according to the type of radiation source. PMID- 803812 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition and biochemical properties of certain coagulase-negative enterotoxigenic cocci. AB - Eight coagulase-negative, enterotoxigenic strains of cocci and one weakly coagulase-positive strain isolated from a number of different sources, including cases of food poisoning incidents, were evaluated for their relationship to Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) buoyant density and physiological studies. One strain of cocci produced enterotoxins A and C, two strains produced types B and C, four strains produced only type C, and one strain only type D. The enterotoxin produced by one strain of cocci was serologically untypable. None of the test organisms produced detectable amounts of enterotoxin in broth cultures. The test strains of cocci exhibited the following profile: all produced catalase; all grew anaerobically and fermented glucse; five were sensitive to lysostaphin; the percentage of guanine plus cytosine content of their DNA varied from 32.7 to 37.6; five produced acid from mannitol both aerobically and anaerobically; two formed delta-hemolysin; five produced phosphatase and acetoin; and all produced heat-stable nuclease. None of the organisms exhibited typical characteristics of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, or S. saprophyticus. On the basis of the present data and data reported elsewhere, these organisms should be considered as variants or mutants of S. aureus. PMID- 803813 TI - Polarographic assay of hydrogen peroxide accumulation in microbial cultures. AB - A method is described for determining low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide by using a polarographic oxygen electrode to measure the oxygen released into solution on addition of catalase. A sample can be assayed directly without prior manipulation in 3 min. The method is capable of assaying hydrogen peroxide concentrations as low as 7 muM. The method has proved extremely useful for the assay of hydrogen peroxide secreted into milk by lactic acid bacteria. PMID- 803814 TI - Simple procedure for production by group C streptococci of phage-associated lysin active against group A streptococci. AB - Phage-associated lysin of high potency was prepared by growing the host group C streptococcal strain 26RP66 in a semisynthetic medium. The lysin was stabilized by adding dithiothreitol and neutralized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to facilitate further concentration and partial purification. The lysin remained active when stored at -65 C for 1 year. Lysin was active against all strains of group A streptococci tested and was more active against living cells than heat killed cells. The procedure outlined is practicable for most bacteriological research laboratories and does not require column purification or other complex biochemical procedures. It should be useful to any laboratory which requires small amounts of lysin to produce L-forms and protoplasts or to release streptococcal antigens. PMID- 803817 TI - Influence of modified atmosphere storage on aflatoxin production in high moisture corn. AB - Samples of freshly harvested corn and remoistened corn were inoculated with Asphergillus flavus and stored for 4 weeks at about 27 C in air and three modified atmospheres. Aflatoxins and fat acidity were determined weekly. Corn stored in the modified atmospheres did not accumulate over 15 mug of total aflatoxins per kg. Corn from the high CO2 treatment (61.7 per cent CO2, 8.7 per cent O2, and 29.6 per cent N2) was visibly molded at 4 weeks and had a higher fat acidity than the other treatments. In the N2 (99.7 per cent N2 and 0.3 per cent O2) and controlled atmosphere (13.5 per cent CO2, 0.5 per cent O2, 84.5 per cent N2) treatments, a fermentation-like odor was detected. When the corn was removed from the modified atmospheres it deteriorated rapidly and was soon contaminated with aflatoxins. PMID- 803815 TI - Influence of environmental stress on enumeration of indicator bacteria from natural waters. AB - The problems associated with recovery of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis from stream environments were examined utilizing membrane filter chambers. It was observed that upon exposure to the aquatic environment a significant proportion of cells lost their ability to produce colonies on a selective medium, yet retained this capability on a nutritionally rich, nonselective medium. Discrepancies in colony-forming units between nonselective and selective media indicated that a substantial portion of bacterial cells may become physiologically injured due to the environmental stress imposed by the aquatic environment. The extent of injury was observed to vary considerably among the eight different stream environments, since the amount of injury was not uniform for all types of water environments examined. It was observed that the injury acquired by a population of E. coli, during exposure to the aquatic environment, could be rapidly repaired in a nutritionally rich, nonselective medium. As the injured population of cells was exposed to the rich, nonselective broth, increasing proportions of cells were able to repair themselves such that they became insensitive to inhibitory agents in selective media. PMID- 803816 TI - Use of the aggregate-hemagglutination technique for determining exo-enterotoxin of Bacillus cereus. AB - The possibility of using the aggregate-hemagglutination technique for detection of Bacillus cereus exo-enterotoxin in foodstuffs and culture media is shown. A 0.004-mug quantity of enterotoxin per ml can be detected by this method. PMID- 803818 TI - Coevolution of a virus-alga system. AB - Plectonema boryanum, a filamentous blue-green alga, was cloned and then allowed to reach a steady state in a quasi-continuous culture in the presence of the algal virus, LPP-1. The culture was maintained for 3.5-month period during which time at least four distinct culture lysings were evident. After the fourth lysis the culture reached a steady-state level which was identical in its algal concentration to the preinfection level. Upon testing the characteristics of the evolved alga and virus variants, the following was determined: cell variants resistant to both the original virus and the derived virus had evolved, and there was no evidence of lysogeny present amony these cells. The evolved virus strains still grew on the parental algal strain, though with altered plaque morphology. Furthermore, they were antigenically similar to the parental virus, and showed no significant difference in adsorption rate or growth characteristics on parental cells. However, a low-grade chronic viral infection persisted in the culture. Rapid re-establishment of a dense, stable culture is apparantly the normal laboratory response of a procaryotic cell-virus system. PMID- 803820 TI - Improved large-volume sampler for the collection of bacterial cells from aerosol. AB - A modified large-volume sampler was demonstrated to be an efficient device for the collection of mono-disperse aerosols of rhodamine B and poly-disperse aerosols of bacterial cells. Absolute efficiency for collection of rhodamine B varied from 100% with 5-mum particles to about 70% with 0.5-mum particles. The sampler concentrated the particles from 950 liters of air into a flow of between 1 and 2 ml of collecting fluid per min. Spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger were collected at an efficiency of about 82% compared to the collection in the standard AGI-30 sampler. In the most desirable collecting fluids tested, aerosolized cells of Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Aerobacter aerogenes were collected at comparative efficiencies of approximately 90, 80, and 90%, respectively. The modified sampler has practical application in the study of aerosol transmission of respiratory pathogens. PMID- 803819 TI - Actinomycetales from corn. AB - Mesophilic Actinomycetales were isolated from whole corn, brewers grits, and break flour received from three different mills. In addition, strains were isolated from high-moisture (27 per cent) field corn; high-moisture, silo-stored corn (untreated); and high-moisture corn treated with ammonia, ammonium isobutyrate, or propionic-acetic acid. According to standard techniques, 139 strains were extensively characterized and 207 additional strains were partially characterized. On the basis of these characterizations, the streptomycete strains were identified by both the systems of Pridham et al. and Hutter because these systems are rapid and accurate. In general, only Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman and Henrici was isolated from high-moisture whole corn (treated or untreated) except from grain exposed to ammonium isobutyrate. Strains isolated from high-moisture corn subjected to that treatment represented both S. griseus and S. albus (Rossi Doria) Waksman and Henrici. The strains isolated from corn and corn products from the three mills were identified with a number of streptomycete species. Of all Actinomycetales isolated, only three were not streptomycetes--two from brewer's grits and one from break flour. PMID- 803821 TI - Two-dimensional polyacylamide gel electrophoresis of envelope proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - A method of separating envelope proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. Escherichia coli envelopes (inner and outer membranes) were prepared by French pressing and washed by repeated centrifugation. Membrane proteins were solubilized with guanidine thiocyanate and were dialyzed against urea prior to two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis. The slab gel apparatus and conditions were similar to the technique developed by Metz and Bogorad (1974) for the separation of ribosomal proteins. This separation occurs in 8 M urea for the first dimension and in 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate for the second dimension. The technique separates about 70 different membrane proteins in a highly reproducible fashion according to both intrinsic charge and molecular weight. Some examples of alterations in the membrane protein pattern are demonstrated. These alterations are caused by a mutation affecting a sugar transport system and by growth in the presence of D-fucose, inducer of the transport system. A further example of membrane protein changes introduced by growth at the nonpermissive temperature of a temperature-sensitive cell division mutant is shown. Finally, it is demonstrated that the major outer membrane component of Escherichia coli K-12 contains more than four proteins of similar molecular weight. PMID- 803822 TI - Chondroitinase-producing bacteria in natural habitats. AB - A search was undertaken for bacteria which degrade chondroitin sulfate in nature and to find bacteria with a usefully high rate of chondroitinase (ChSase) productivity. First, 253 ChSase-producing bacteria were obtained from aquatic and land environments in Japan by aerobic and anaerobic screening methods. Identification according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology or Bain and Shewan (1968) permitted assignment of the majority of the isolates to seven genera, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Beneckea, Proteus, Micrococcus, and Arthrobacter. Next, ChSase productivities of all the isolates were compared with those of two established ChSase-producing stock strains, Proteus vulgaris NCTC 4636 and Flavobacterium heparinum ATCC 13125. As a result, special attention was given to production by a strain of Aeromonas sp. of large quantities of extracellular ChSase-AC. None of the isolates from the current study displayed significant ChSase-ABC productivity. Finally, ChSase-AC was prepared from the culture fluid of the Aeromonas strain by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, chromatography on phospho-cellulose and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. It was concluded that the Aeromonas strain may represent a profitable source of the enzyme ChSase-AC. PMID- 803823 TI - Hexachlorophene-not a cry of "wolf". PMID- 803824 TI - Distribution and metabolism of 2,4,5,2', 5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. AB - Single doses of 2,4,5,2',5-pentachlorobiphenyl uniformly labeled with 14-C have been administered intravenously and orally to mice. Whole-body autoradiograms and scintillation counting of tissue samples have shown that most radioactivity leaves the circulation for the tissues within one hour. Peak concentrations varied, being highest in brown fat, which after 24 hours comprised the major reservoir of the unchanged compound in the body. Radioactivity disappeared rather rapidly drom most other tissues, although the longest retention occurred in bronchial epithelium and some parts of the renal tubules. The excretion of radioactivity was mainly through the bile, into feces, with a half-time of six days. There was little unchanged compound in the feces, the major metabolite was a hydroxylated derivative, both free and conjugated. PMID- 803825 TI - A new bacteriochlorophyll from brown-colored Chlorobiaceae. AB - A new bacteriochlorophyll has been isolated by thin layer chromatography from all strains of the brown-colored Chlorobiaceae Chlorobium phaeobacteroides and Chlorobium phaeovibriodes. The new bacteriochlorophylle--like the bacteriochlorophylls c and d--represents the major amounts of bacteriochlorophyll a. Bacteriochlorophyll e can be differentiated from the bacteriochlorophylls c and d by its absorption maxima in aceton and its different Rf-value in the thin layer chromatogram. The structure of the new bacteriochlorophyll e has been elucidated on the basis of mass spectra, 1H-and 13C-NMR-spectra, the UV/VIS spectrum as well as IR-, ORD-, and CD-spectra. The new bacteriochlorophyll has the same relationship to bacteriochlorophyll c as chlorophyll b from green plants to chlorophyll a; therefore, bacteriochlorophyll e represents the first formyl substituted chlorophyll from bacteria. Similar to the bacteriochlorophylls c and d, the new bacteriochlorophyll e consists of a mixture of at least three homologues which differ from each other by different substituents on the pyrrol rings II and III. PMID- 803826 TI - Heterotrophic growth of the filamentous blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum. AB - Plectonema boryanum can grow in the dark with ribose, sucrose, mannitol, maltose, glucose, or fructose. Cell doubling times with 10 mM substrate are the following: 5 days with ribose, 6 days with sucrose or mannitol, 10 days with maltose, 12 days with glucose, and 13 days with fructose; with ribose plus 0.1% casamino acids it is 2.5 days. Dark-grown cells appear mophologically similar to light grown cells. Cells grown in the dark for several years remain pigmented and resume photoautotrophic growth when placed in the light. Dim light (85 lux) increases the growth rate with ribose and with ribose plus casamino acids to nearly twice that of the dark rate. In the moderate light, growth takes place with ribose even in the presence of 1 times 10-5 MDCMU. PMID- 803827 TI - Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in in vitro culture and quantitative and qualitative changes in serum immunoglobulins in patients with plasma-cell myeloma. PMID- 803828 TI - Immunochemically determined serum prealbumin in hepatitis in children. PMID- 803829 TI - Selective massive amyloidosis of small intestine. AB - A patient with intestinal amyloidosis with perforation was successfully treated by resection of almost the whole involved small intestine and is recuperating on hyperalimentation therapy. Because there were no signs of amyloiditic deposition in other parts of the body and no other cause of the amyloidosis, the case was considered to be selective localized intestinal amyloidosis. This is the third reported case of perforated amyloiditic intestine and apparently the first case of selective small intestinal amyloidosis involving such a complication. PMID- 803830 TI - Progression of occlusive atherosclerosis. Long-term administration of pyridinol carbamate. AB - The effects of pyridinol carbamate, a drug with demonstrated capacity to inhibit development of atherosclerotic plaques in the rabbit, were studied in humans with symptoms of arterial occlusive disease in the lower extremities. Microcirculation, perfusion, claudication distance, peripheral pulsations, and angiographic appearances were supplemented by clinical impressions over a two year period. Although the drug was discontinued in several patients from a larger group because of gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and for other reasons, seven of eight patients receiving it showed no progression of their disease, whereas all 15 patients receiving identical-appearing placebos did. Although the number of patients is not sufficient to warrant statistical conclusions, the observations were totally objective and strongly encourage further control of studies. PMID- 803831 TI - Nitrogen balance in postoperative patients receiving parenteral nutrition. AB - Fifteen patients were given parenteral nutrition with hyperosmolar glucose during the postoperative period (days 1 to 5): nine received an average of 10.5 gm of nitrogen and 2,340 kilocalories/day, six were given an average of 5.9 gm of nitrogen and 1,600 kilocalories/day. Eight patients (controls) received no nitrogen and 520 kilocalories/day. The results of this study confirm our early findings that total parenteral nutrition is capable of reversing the negative nitrogen balance of the immediate postoperative period; this reversal depends on administration of adequate nitrogen and calories. In patients with moderate surgical procedures, at least 8 gm of nitrogen and 1,800 kilocalories/day are required to correct the negative nitrogen balance. When total parenteral nutrition is instituted, adequate nitrogen and calories should be given even if insulin is required to control hyperglycemia. PMID- 803832 TI - Effects of increased partial pressures of oxygen on the embryonic and post embryonic development of drosophila melanogaster. AB - The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of increased oxygen pressures on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Oxygen is a potent inhibitor of embryonic and post-embryonic development of Drosophila. The lowest partial pressure of O2 (Po2) found to elicit measurable inhibitory effects on development is 0.6 ATA. Continuous exposure of developing Drosophila to 0.6 ATA O2 elicits primarily a larvicidal effect; surviving larvae exhibit delays in initial puparium formation and in mean day of adult eclosion: several resultant adults exhibit the effects of O2-induced teratogenesis in that body and wing abnormalities become manifest which do not breed true on matings and back crosses. Continuous exposure to 0.8 or 1.0 ATA O2 results in developmental arrest in the second larval instar followed by death. This development arrest is reversible depending upon the duration of exposure. As concerns lethality, early larval stages are more sensitive to O2 than late larval stages which, in turn, are more sensitive than early or late pupal stages: the embryo is the more resistant of the development stages. As concerns sensitivity for teratogenesis, the embryo is the most sensitive stage. PMID- 803833 TI - Phototactic responses along a gradient of light intensities for the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. AB - The phototactic responses of four recently collected isofemale strains of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans were measured in a light gradient from 590 to 10 lux. High light intensities were preferred by most flies, but a small proportion of flies preferred the lowest light intensity. Based on the strains tested, D. simulans showed greater phototaxis than D. melanogaster, and within each species variability was found. The niche breadth of D. melanogaster appears likely to be greater than that of D. simulans for phototaxis in the light gradient. These results are in general qualitative agreement with earlier results published on dispersal activities from the same populations. PMID- 803834 TI - Pattern of spatial distribution in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effect of temperature and sex on spatial distribution of Drosophila melanogaster adults was studied in a specially designed apparatus. It was observed that individuals tend to aggregate in sections of the sphere independently of sex and temperature. Nevertheless, decrease in temperature increase aggregation. The mobility of both males and females indicates a negative geotactic tendency. PMID- 803835 TI - Letter: Chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis in rural Alaska. PMID- 803836 TI - Letter: Serum gold values. PMID- 803837 TI - Metabolic studies in rats of (75-Se)selenomethionine and of 75-Se incorporated in vivo into rabbit kidney. AB - 1. [75-Se]selenomethionine was administered to four rabbits and after 4 d their kidneys were removed and homogenized. The long-term fate in rats of an oral dose of this kidney homogenate (RK-75-Se) was compared with that of an oral dose of ]75-Se]selenomethionine mixed with unlabelled rabbit kidney homogenate. 2. Urinary adn faecal radioactivities were measured during the 1st week and whole body radioactivity was determined for 10 weeks. Rats were killed at weekly intervals for 4 weeks for analysis of tissue distribution of 75-Se. 3. Intestinal absorption of RK-75-Se was 87%; that of [75-Se]selenomethionine was 91%. Urinary excretion of absorbed RK-75-Se was 13-3% and that of [75-Se]selenomethionine was 7-6%, in the 1st week. 4. Whole-body retention of 75-Se was greater for [75 Se]selenomethionine than for RK-75-Se but after the 1st week decreased at a similar rate in both groups. Tissue distribution of retained 75-Se was also similar in both groups. 5. The initial utilization of 75-Se in rabbit kidney is different from that of [75-Se]selenomethionine. However, after the 1st week 75-Se from these sources appears to be metabolized similarly, suggesting that Se from both is ultimately incorporated into the same metabolic pool. PMID- 803838 TI - Potassium supplementation, serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations and glucose tolerance in protein-energy malnutrition. AB - The serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations, and glucose dissappearance rate-constants after intravenous glucose administration were measured on admission and during recovery in children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). 2. A high potassium intake resulted in a considerable increase in the serum IRI levels early in the treatment period. There was a definite relationship between potassium depletion and many measurements of insulin secretion. 3. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired insulin release in children suffering from PEM is partly the result of potassium depletion. PMID- 803839 TI - Effect of feeding pattern on the energy metabolism of rats given low-protein diets. AB - 1. The deposition of fat and protein and the utilization of energy by growing rats offered diets ad lib. or in controlled amounts by gastric intubation has been investigated. Diets contained 50, 75, 100 or 200 g protein/kg, mainly as casein. 2. Gain of body-weight and protein increased with increasing dietary protein concentration when animals received the same energy intake, although the reverse was true for fat deposition. However, the differences in live-weight gain were almost entirely due to changes in body water. The dry-matter content of the gain in animals given low-protein diets was 770 g/kg compared to 360 g/kg in those given the control diet. 3. Energy retention was unaffected by dietary protein level in groups given the same energy intake by gastric intubation. In Expt 1 daily heat production increased significantly (P smaller than 0-05) with increasing protein level (50, 75 and 200 g protein/kg diet) when energy intake was constant, but in Expt 2 there was no significant effect of protein level (50, 100 and 200 g protein/kg diet). Problems arose in the selection of a suitable basis for comparison of heat production between groups because of the differences in body-weight and body composition. 4. The energy requirement for zero energy balance was approximately 10 percent lower for the low-protein groups than for those given the diet containing 200 g protein/kg when food intake was just above the maintenance level. When the requirement was expressed per unit metabolic body size (W0-75 KG) dietary protein level had no significant effect. The mean values for Expts 1 and 2 were 452 and 456 kJ respectively. 5. The energy cost of weight gain increased as dietary protein level decreased in pairs of groups gaining at the same rate. The extra energy ingested by the animals given the lower protein level was converted to body tissue with an efficiency of at least 0-70. 6. Striking differences were observed in body composition and energy retention of the two pairs of groups used for the comparison of tube-feeding and ad lib. feeding. With the diet containing 50 g protein/kg, tube-fed rats gained significantly more weight (P smaller than 0-01) and more fat, dry matter and energy (P smaller than 0-001) than their ad lib, counterparts given an isoenergetic intake. 7. The results demonstrate that dietary protein level has little or no effecon the utilization of energy by growing rats when the pattern of intake is controlled by gastric intubation. PMID- 803840 TI - Diol lipids of rat liver. Quantitation and structural characteristics of neutral lipids and phospholipids derived from ethanediol, propanediols, and butanediols. AB - Specific enzymatic and chemical degradation of neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions from rat liver revealed the presence of novel types of lipid metabolites bearing a short-chain diol backbone. Diol-derived lecithin and cephalin analogs were readily cleaved by phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) from Bacillus cereus, although the cephalin analogs required "carrier" lecithin to sustain hydrolysis. The products of phosphilipase hydrolyses as well as the neutral lipid fractions were subjected to alkaline and acidic methanolysis, and constituent short-chain diols were analyzed as long-chain cyclic acetals. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry confirmed that 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,3 butanediol can form the polyol backbone of neutral lipids and phospholipids. [1,1,2,2-2H]Ethanediol monohexadecanoate, dihexadecanoate, hexadecanoylphosphorylcholine, hexadecanoylphosphorylethanolamine were synthesized chemically and served as internal standards to assure accurate quantitation of the low levels of diol lipids (350 mug/g ot total lipid) present in rat liver. PMID- 803841 TI - Properties and synthesis of multiple components in native small ribosomal subunits of mouse ascites tumor cells. AB - Native small ribosomal subunits in mouse ascites tumor cells prepared by a sucrose zone sedimentation and analyzed by CsCl isopycnic centrifugation, consisted of four kinds of particles which could be distinguished reproducibly by their ultraviolet absorption. These particles had buoyant densities at 1.40, 1.42, 1.46 and 1.49 g/cm3 and were designated as S1, S2, S3 and S4 particles respectively. Studies on labeling kinetics with radioactive RNA precursors and the pulse label--actinomycin D chase experiment, demonstrated that radioactivity was incorporated first in precursor particles with a density of 1.45 g/cm3 and then appeared in S3, S1 and/or S2 and S4 particles. Results on labeling after administration of actinomycin D and EDTA treatment of the labeled small subunits revealed that S1 and S2 particles contained a messenger-like ribonucleoprotein particle and this particle plus tRNA, respectively. Since appearance of newly formed S4 particle was remarkably delayed and the amount of it was reduced after incubation of the cells in vitro with 10 mM sodium fluoride, this particle originated from dissociation of the small subunit. PMID- 803842 TI - Trypsin inhibitor from cow colostrum. Isolation, electrophoretic characterization and immunologic properties. AB - Trypsin inhibitor from cow colostrum has been purified by affinity chromatography of colostral proteins on insolubilized trypsin. The method described compares favourably, in both simplicity and yield, with previous methods developed for the isolation of this inhibitor. Gel electrophoresis followed by characterization of antitrypsin activity allows the demonstration of four molecular forms of bovine colostral trypsin inhibitor in both crude colostral whey and purified preparations of the inhibitor. Immunoelectrophoresis of each of these materials with antisera specific for this inhibitor reveals a single precipitation line of broad anodic mobility. By immunodiffusion tests, the precipitation lines in preparations of purified inhibitor and colostral whey appear immunologically identical. In contrast, absence of crossed reactivity was observed between bovine colostral trypsin inhibitor and trypsin inhibitors of bovine serum. This strongly suggests the high specificity of this inhibitor as a colostral and milk constituent. PMID- 803843 TI - [Hypophyseal regulation of zinc metabolism]. PMID- 803844 TI - [Frequencies of purine oligonucleotide occurrence in 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA in Bacillus cereus, Bac. subtilis and Bac. coagulans]. PMID- 803845 TI - Microbial isolators for use in the hospital. AB - Isolators made of flexible transparant plastic film maintain a physical separation between clean and dirty areas without interfering with the use of the isolated space. The reliability with which isolators maintain sterility has been demonstrated by the germ-free rearing of the common laboratory and domestic animals. Isolators are used routinely in orthopaedic surgery and for protecting patients who have severe congenital immune deficiency disease or are made infection-prone because of therapy. PMID- 803846 TI - IgG half-molecules: clinical and immunologic features in a patient with plasma cell leukemia. AB - The clinical manifestations and immunologic features of a patient with plasma cell leukemia who produced k, IgG half-molecules are described. His serum contained both 7S myeloma protein and 4.3S half-molecules, whereas his urine contained predominantly half-molecules. The half-molecules were discovered because the serum and urine formed double precipitin lines when analyzed by commercially available IgG radial immunodiffusion plates that contained antibodies to determinants on both the Fab and Fc fragments. Immunoelectrophoresis also revealed double precipition lines with such antisera. In contrast, when antisera specific for the IgG Fc fragment were used, the serum showed only a single line formed by intact IgG, and the urine failed to react, indicating that the half-molecule was antigenically deficient in the Fc fragment. The half-molecule consisted of one covalently linked heavy and light chain, both having about normal molecular weights, suggesting that they did not have a large deletion which could have caused the half-molecule production. Comparison of the clinical manifestations of the patient with those of four other known patients who produced half-molecules suggested that half-molecule formation is not associated with a distinct clinical syndrome. PMID- 803848 TI - Pteroylglutamic acid malabsorption in tropical sprue. AB - Pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) absorption was assessed in ten untreated tropical sprue (TS) and eight control subjects utilizing a marker perfusion technique. Physiologic concentrations of the vitamin (25 ng/ml) dissolved in iso-osmotic solutions containing either mannitol of glucose at a concentration of 55.6 mM were perfused on each subject on two consecutive days. A statistically significant difference in PGA absorption between TS and control subjects was obtained only when glucose was present in the perfusate. Thus, unequivocal malabsorption of PGA is demonstrable in all subjects with TS when more refined techniques than the ones applied heretofore are utilized. PMID- 803847 TI - Antigenic and antiheparin properties of human platelet factor 4 (PF4). AB - Platelet factor 4 (PF4, a heparin-neutralizing protein) was isolated from washed human platelets. It was found to be homogenous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis, when tested with monospecific antibody produced in rabbits. PF4 is a heat-stable protein, but its antiheparin activity and antigenicity are destroyed by trypsin. The molecular weight of PF4 as calculated by amino acid analysis is approximately 8000 and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with beta-mercaptoethanol, 7100 daltons. PF4 migrated to the cathode at pH 8.6. The interaction of PF4 with heparin resulted in the formation of a complex which migrated to the anode, as tested by immunoelectrophoresis. Incubation of purified PF4 with its antibody at 37 degrees C resulted in a loss of antiheparin activity. The presence of antiheparin activity and of PG4 antigen in material released during platelet aggregation by various agents and at various stages of the preparative procedure closely correlated. It has been concluded that PF4 antigen and antiheparin activity are two properties of the same protein. Comparison of human and pig PF4 revealed significant biochemical and antigenic differences. PMID- 803849 TI - Interaction between Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli B. AB - Adsorption of Bdellovibrio bacteriovours (Bdv) on the surface of Escherichia coli is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the initial rate of entry of alpha methylglucoside-C-14 and thiomethlgalactopyranoside-C-14 into the host cell. Interaction between the parasite and E. coli leads to the rapid departure of previously accumulated labeled glucosides and beta-galactosides from the bacteria. Meanwhile the ATPcontent in E. coli falls sharply. Adsorption Bdv E.coli spheroplasts was established as a fact. The possible mechanisms of interaction between Bvd and the host cell at the cytoplasmic membrane level are discussed. PMID- 803850 TI - Nutritional support in the management of external fistulas of the alimentary tract. AB - A total of 56 patients with 65 fistulas was treated using one or a combination of three modern nutritional acids. Fifty-two of the fistulas (80 per cent) closed spontaneously and only 7 fistulas (10-8 per cent) required attempts at operative closure. The overall mortality was 7 patients (12-5 per cent), which compared favourably with a 40 per cent mortality in an earlier comparable group which had not received such nutrition. PMID- 803851 TI - Proceedings: Adjuvant intravesical thiotepa and bladder tumour recurrence. PMID- 803852 TI - Editorial: Megacolon. PMID- 803853 TI - Urinary fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in nephrotic syndrome. AB - The urinary concentration of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) was measured in 90 patients with proteinuria above 2 g/1 and correlated with proteinuria, differential protein clearances, serum urea and creatinine, and renal biopsy findings. There was a linear correlation (r equals 0-7; P less than 0-001) between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the selectivity of the proteinuria such that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted only small amounts of F.D.P. whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted much higher levels. There was a significant correlation between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the urine:serum (U:S) ratio of IgG excretion but not with the U:S ratio or urinary excretion of albumin or transferrin. Sephadex G200 column chromatography of the concentrated urine in 26 cases showed that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted predominantly F.D.P. of low molecular weight in the urine whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted mainly fibrinogen and products of high molecular weight. Hence the type and quantity of F.D.P. in the urine are determined primarily by the differential filtration of fibrinogen and the various degradation products from the plasma through the glomerular basement membrane, which in turn is determined by the "pore size" of the basement membrane. In clinical nephrology measurement of the urinary F.D.P. level provides a rapid and convenient means of estimating the differential protein clearance. PMID- 803854 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): depressant action on central neuronal activity. PMID- 803855 TI - Subdivisions of the medial geniculate body in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). AB - The medial geniculate body of the tree shrew has 3 major divisions which can be identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Each of these major divisions can be subdivided further. The present paper describes these divisions and compares them in terms of their patterns of afferent and efferent connections. In particular, anterograde degeneration and autoradiographic techniques are used to demonstrate that the dorsal and medial divisions receive projections from the deep layers of the superior colliculus and from the tegmentum. Results are also presented which indicate that the dorsal division projects to a non-primary cortical area adjacent to primary auditory cortex. Evidence is discussed which suggests that large sectors of what we have called the medial geniculate body constitute subdivisions of the auditory thalamus. PMID- 803856 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the major proteins of rabbit sciatic nerve myelin. AB - The P0, P1, and P2 proteins were isolated from rabbit sciatic nerve and demonstrated to have molecular weights of 30,000, 18,200, and 12,000, respectively, by polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The P1 protein characterized by peptide mapping, optical rotatory dispersion and encephalitogenic activity appears to be quite similar to the CNS myelin basic protein. The P2 protein is distinctly different from the P1 protein as characterized by peptide mapping and optical rotatory dispersion. It appears to have a distinct secondary structure, predominantly of beta configuration. The P0 protein is distinctly different from either of the basic proteins, especially with respect to its marked insolubility in aqueous solutions. It contains more than 1.0 mole of hexosamine which is not present in either the P1 or P2 protein. Both the P0 and P2 proteins failed to produce any evidence of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis or neuritis when injected into guinea pigs or monkeys. In contrast, the P1 protein produces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in both species. PMID- 803857 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 803858 TI - In vitro studies of an alkaline phosphatase-cell wall complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (APase) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exists primarily in the periplasmic region of the cell, i.e., between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer tripartite layer. The enzyme is also found in the culture filtrate or associated with the outer layer of the cell wall. APase forms a complex with released outer cell wall material, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with the complex. Since the enzyme was purified to homogeneity, it became desirable to determine whether complex formation with LPS , or the outer cell wall, affected any properties of the purified phosphatase. The ratio of activities of purified APase with p-nitrophenylphosphate and beta glycerolphosphate as substrates is about 4:1. The ratio of activities with enzyme complexed with LPS is about 1:1. The energy of activation of sucrose or magnesium released enzyme is 9500 cal/mol whereas the values for purified enzyme plus LPS, purified enzyme, purified enzyme plus phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and purified enzyme plus LPS plus PE range from 3400 to 8700 cal/mol. These changes occur in the physiological temperature range, 27 to 39C, of this organism. Sucrose released enzyme in the presence of substrate is inactivated at 47C whereas pure enzyme plus substrate is affected at 41C. The addition of LPS, PE, or a combination of both increases the temperature of inactivation from 45 to 51C. The results suggest that certain properties of the purified enzyme differ from those of the enzyme released from whole cells by either sucrose or magnesium resuspension. The addition of cell wall components such as LPS and PE to purified APase restores these properties. The addition of cell wall components such as LPS and PE to purified APase restores these properties. The evidence suggests that artificial complex formation changes the environment of the enzyme protein such that the environment now resembles that which exists within the whole cell wall. PMID- 803859 TI - Soil sterilization effects on in situ indigenous microbial cells in soil. AB - Soil was sterilized by various procedures, and then the resident microorganisms were physically separated and concentrated from the soil for viewing by transmission electron microscopy as thin sections and frozen-etched preparation. Remaining cell viability in the soil was tested by conventional plating before and after enrichment culture. The soil proved to be sterile after treatment with 60Co radiation, prolonged autoclaving, prolonged dry heat application at 200C, or glutaraldehyde (if followed by subsequent milk heating), and could be considered sterile after OsO4 treatment. Treatment with glutaraldehyde alone, or 160C dry heat for 3 h, did not sterilize the soil. Cellular fine structure was latered or destroyed by the heat treatments, but was not affected to any extent by any of the other treatments including glutaraldehyde followed by milk heating. These findings are considered in relation to the residual biological information observable by electron microscopy in soil samples which have been sterilized to eliminate possible pathogens before handling of the soil. These findings are also considered with the objective of obliterating the fine structure of the indigenous microorganisms during soil sterilization so that electron microscopy studies can be made of microorganisms inoculated into and grown in the presterilized soil. These findings are considered in relation to the residual biological information observable by electron microscopy in soil samples which have been sterilized to eliminate possible pathogens before handling of the soil. These findings are also considered with the objective of obliterating the fine structure of the indigenous microorganisms during soil sterilization so that electron microscopy studies can be made of microorganisms inoculated into and grown in the presterilized soil. PMID- 803860 TI - Diagnosis of rubella virus infections. I. A comparison between Vero and BHK-21 cells for the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies by immunofluorescence. AB - Vero cells were more suitable then BHK-21 cells for the detection of rubella specific IgG antibodies because the nonspecific fluorescence was minimal. However, BHK-21 cells were found more sensitive than Vero cells for the detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies. PMID- 803862 TI - Serological relationship between Gloeophyllum trabeum and Gloeophyllum saepiarium. AB - Gloeophyllum trabeum (Fr.) Murr. produced eight precipitin lines in homologous serological reactions in double-diffusion experiments. Five of these lines were similar to the precipitin lines developed with G. saepiarium (Fr.) Karst. antigens, indicating a close serological relationship between the two organisms. PMID- 803861 TI - Preliminary observations on the protective action of a cytoplasmic immunogen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A non-toxic protein, termed beta(-t), consisting of lysine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine (1.2:1.3:1.3:3:2.2:7:1) was isolated, by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, from an isoelectric toxic proteinaceous fraction beta(+1) of the type 1 cytoplasm of N. gonorrhoeae. The beta(-t) antigen elicited delayed hypersensitivity and vigorous primary and secondary humoral responses in rabbits, and it conferred immune protection against intraocular gonococcal infections. PMID- 803863 TI - Diagnosis of rubella virus infections. II. A comparison between incident and transmitted light fluorescence for the detection of specific IgM antibodies. AB - The fluorescence obtained with an incident light system is higher than that obtained with a transmitted light system. Examination time is reduced and the strain on the eyes, after long periods, is reduced. However, the results are the same whatever the system used. PMID- 803865 TI - Avian Haemoproteidae. 4. Description of Haemoproteus telfordi sp. nov., and a review of the haemoproteids of the families Gruidae and Otidae. PMID- 803864 TI - The non-light-dependent reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol by cells of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. AB - Whole cells of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans reduced, in the dark, the oxidation-reduction dye, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol at rates severalfold higher than those of the other algae tested. Under anaerobiosis, the endogenous reductant was depleted after up to 80 nmol of dye were reduced per microliter of cells. Cells held in darkness for several hours exhibited lowered dark reduction rates relative to cells held in light. Treatment with lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid yielded cells that would photoreduce the dye, whereas untreated cells would not. Comparisons of photoreduction and dark reduction revealed that the dark reduction proceeded independently of the photoreduction. It was concluded that the dark reduction represents a pool of endogenous reductant of sufficiently low oxidation-reduction potenital to reduce completely 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Additionally, untreated cells were shown to be permeable to the dye although they did not photoreduce it; thus lysozyme/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment was considered to make the oxidant accessible to the photosynthetic machinery. PMID- 803866 TI - Superiority of conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy with maintenance over intensive intrathecal methotrexate therapy, unmaintained, or radiotherapy (2000-2500 rads tumor dose) in treatment for meningeal leukemia. AB - In the treatment of patients with meningeal leukemia, conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy followed by maintenance intrathecal methotrexate at intervals of 8 weeks has been shown superior to an intensive, unmaintained intrathecal methotrexate induction regimen, and to neuroaxis radiotherapy, tumor dose 2000-2500 rads. In each of the treatment regimens, all children completing proscribed therapy achieved complete CNS remission as judged by the return of CSF findings to normal. Median lengths of remission were: maintenance regimen 240 days; intensive induction regimen, 106 days; and radiotherapy, 216 days. Differences were of statistical significance between the maintenance regimen and the intensive regimen (p equal 0.001), and between the radiotherapy and intensive regimens (p equal 0.01). Maintenance intrathecal therapy appeared to affect favorably the duration of existing marrow remissions; the median time to marrow relapse for patients given maintenance therapy was significantly longer than for those given intensive induction therapy. Toxicity of the chemotherapy regimens was not prohibitive. Radiotherapy was associated with severe myelosuppression, interruptions of systemic therapy, and serious infections, which resulted in death in five children. PMID- 803867 TI - The association of the IGA levels of serum and whole saliva with the progression of oral cancer. AB - Elevated IgA concentrations in the serum and whole saliva of patients with neoplastic disease have been reported. However, there does not seem to be any information available on the correlation of the secretory immunoglobulins of these patients with the progress of their disease. The whole saliva and sera of 102 cases of squamous carcinoma of the oral mucosa were studied. Patients were subclassified into age-matched groups of primary untreated cancer (21), recurrent cancer (18), and "cured" patients who had been free of disease for at least 9 months (16). A separate group of laryngeal (14) patients was included. Sixteen (16) patients treated by radiation therapy alone were also included to test the effects of radiation on whole saliva IgA. An age-matched group of patients (17) with moderate to severe periodontal disease served as controls. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for 15 minutes and stored at 0 degrees C. IgA was quantitated by radial immunodiffusion on Hyland and Meloy Laboratory low level plates with 7S and 11S standards. Serum IgA was measured on Hyland plates with serum standards. Protein content of saliva was assayed by the Lowry method. Flow rate was quantitated for the 15-minute collection period. Primary oral and laryngeal cancer patients had a two-fold increase of serum and salivary IgA compared to controls. Recurrent cancer patients had even greater elevation of salivary IgA. Cured patients showed a persistent elevation of serum but a return to normal of salivary IgA. Radiation therapy did not markedly influence the level of salivary IgA. A followup study of 26 patients confirmed this pattern of a drop in whole salivary IgA with cure and a spike with recurrence. It would appear that IgA levels of whole saliva and serum are elevated in oral cancer patients, and that salivary IgA levels may prove useful in distinguishing patients with possible recurrent disease. PMID- 803868 TI - Peripheral nerve tumors involving paranasal sinuses: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A 45-year-old man, afflicted with von Recklinghausen's disease, with symptomatic schwannomas and plexiform neurofibromas involving the right maxillary antrum, a rare site for peripheral nerve tumors, is presented. After a literature review, 15 cases were considered adequate for a clinicopathologic study. Twelve schwannomas, 2 plexiform neurofibromas, 2 neurofibromas, and 1 probable malignant schwannoma were included. Epistaxis was common in tumors of the ethmoid sinus and nasal fossae, while pain was related to lesions of the maxillary sinus. Two benign schwannomas recurred and were cured by surgery alone. The importance of early diagnosis and thorough surgical excisions is emphasized, especially for those tumors associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. The difficulties involved in the diagnosis of primary malignant peripheral nerve tumors are discussed. PMID- 803869 TI - Cell proliferation and subcellular localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in rat liver parenchyma during azo dye carcinogenesis. AB - A combined method of phosphatase histochemistry and (3H)thymidine radioautography was devised to study the subcellular localization of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activiity with changing pattern of cell proliferation in precancerous livers of rats fed dimethylaminoazobenzene. After 50 hr of continuous infusion of (3H)thymidine into the rats, labeled liver tissue were fixed in glutaraldehyde. Sections were incubated for AP activity in a lead citrate medium (pH 9.4) with beta-glycerophosphate as substrate. Light and electron microscopic examinations of radioautographs revealed that focal groups of 3H-labeled hepatocytes within hyperplastic nodules were coincident to hyperbasophilic foci and distinguishable from the surrounding parenchyma, which was sparsely labeled. Proliferative hepatocytes in the foci exhibited enzyme reaction product indicative of AP activity along the entire surface membranes. The surface AP tography was in contrast to that of the surrounding hyperplastic parencyma, in which regenerative hepatocytes showed a normal localization of AP activity at the bile canalicular membranes. The L-phenylalanine-sensitive snd heat-resistant activity of hyperbasophilic hepatocytes was different from that of normal hepatocytes. The surface enzyme differentiation was accompanied by a decrease of cytoplasmic AP. Golgi elements apparently function in the mobilization of AP into the surface membranes. The phenomena of AP alterations might be related to the abnormal control of cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation leading to malignant growth. PMID- 803870 TI - Melanogenesis in human melanomas. AB - A number of biochemical aspects of melanogenesis were studied in 15 variously melanized human melanomas. The tryosinase activity was correlated with the degree of melanoma varied from 3,667 to 46,183 tryosinase units, in partially melanotic melanoma it varied from 14 to 75 tryrosinase units. The subcellular distribution of tryrosinase activity was limited to the particulate fraction )144,000 x g) of the partially melanotic and amelanotic melanomas. However, the melanotic melanomas contained the enzyme in both particulate and soluble fractions, with the greater tyrosinase activity in the particulate fraction. Electrophoretic resolution of tyrosinase isozymes in the soluble fraction or lipase-solubilized tyrosinase derived from the particulate fraction revealed three isozymes in melanotic melanomas. The isozyme of intermediate mobility always was the dominant form. In partially melaotic melanomas, the solubilized tyrosinase showed six isozymes. Three were similar to those of melanotic melanomas. The remaining three isozymes showed slower mobilities, possibly with greater molecular weights than the isozymes derived from melanotic melanomas. Inhibitors of tyrosinase were present in melanomas. Increased tyrosinase activity occurred after storing the homogenate at 0-4degree, removing of supernatant from the homogenate sediment, and washing the 144,000 x g particulate fraction, which suggested the presence of water-soluble, loosely bound inhibitor (s) in the soluble fraction of partially melanotic melanoma. Another inhibitor was released from the 144,000 x g particulate fraction of melanotic melanoma after lipase digestion. These substances inhibit both the isolated dominant tyrosinase isozyme(human) and mushroom tyrosinase. As inhibition of tyrosinase activity may produce regression of abnormal cell growth, the inhibitors may provide an approach to melanoma chemotherapy. PMID- 803871 TI - Comparison of two isozymes of carbonic anhydrase in the rat anterior pituitary gland and pituitary tumors. AB - Two isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1.) were compared in the anterior pituitary gland of non-tumor-bearing rats and in the hormone-secreting pituitary tumors. In contrast to the pituitary gland, which contained 60 to 70% of the total carbonic anhydrase in the particulate subcellular fraction, three hormone secreting pituitary tumors were devoid of the particulate (Triton X-100 solubilized)enzyme activity. Another pituitary tumor, 7315a, contained particulate carbonic anhydrase, but the activity was only 45% of the activity of normal pituitary gland. During the development of the rat brain, the particulate (Triton X-100-solubilized) carbonic anhydrase activity was undetectable in prepartions up to 21 days of age (body weight, 47 g). After that age, the carbonic anhydrase activity in the particulate fraction increased rapidly and reached the adult level at 37 days (body weight, 120 g), while the activity in the soluble fraction increased gradually after birth and then reached a plateau at 30 days (body weight, 81 g). These data show that the isozyme pattern of carbonic anhydrase in pituitary tumor tissue resembles the pattern in fetal cells more than the pattern in adult tissue. PMID- 803873 TI - GammaG-globulin production and light-chain metabolism in patients with metastatic cancer. AB - GammaG-Globulin and excess light-chain metabolism were studied in eight subjects with progressive metastatic malignant disease by determining the plasma radioactivity curves following the administration of appropriately labeled substances. In addition to the plasma die-away curves, which required about 3 weeks for full expression for gamma-globulin, but only 3 to 4 days for light chain, urinary excretion of the label from metabolized protein was determined. The data are compared to similar studies in control individuals. The metabolism of excess light chain was similar to normal in all respects. The total synthesis of gammaG-globulin was increased with a mean value about twice normal. The mean survival time of a circulating immunoglobulin molecule was short, indicating rapid loss from the system. Other aspects of immunoglobulin metabolism were similar to normal with a normal percentage of the labeled protein appearing in the urine, suggesting no abnormality in the utilization pattern but simply an increased rate of turnover. The capability of malnourished patients with cancer to produce large quantities of immunoglobulin is not specific for this disease, since similar patterns may be seen in response to infections in protein-depleted individuals. However, there is the possibility that the cancer itself acts as an inciting agent in these subjects. Furthermore, such sustained protein synthesis may place an additional burden on already compromised host metabolism. PMID- 803872 TI - Comparative effects of strain, species, and sex on the acyltransferase- and sulfotransferase-catalyzed activations of N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. AB - The arylhydroxamic acid acyltransferase, an enzyme that promotes the introduction of arylamine groups into nucleic acids, is greater in the stomach, small intestine, colon, and lung of the Sprague-Dawley rat than in comparable tissues of Fischer animals. The enzyme is distributed relatively evenly from the glandular stomach to the distal portion of the colon. No consistent differences in acyltransferase activities of the liver, kidney, brain, or spleen of these two strains were noted. Acyltransferase activity was readily demonstrable in the livers of guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and monkeys; in the kidneys of guinea pigs and hamsters; in the stomachs of guinea pigs and hamsters; in the small intestines of guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and monkeys; in the colons of guinea pigs and hamsters; and in lungs of hamsters. Mouse, dog, and goat tissues were essentia-ly devoid of acyltransferase activity. The transformation of N hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide into a reactive species by conjugation with sulfate was carried out with 105,000 times g supernatants of liver from Sprague Dawley and Fischer rats and their Flhydrids. The abilities of liver extracts from the hybrids to carry out this activation were intermediate between those from animals of the same sex of the two parental strains. PMID- 803874 TI - [Quantitative fibrinogen determination. Simple radial diffusion and electroimmuno determination? (author's transl)]. PMID- 803875 TI - Biosynthesis of Rauscher leukemia viral proteins. AB - Antisera to disrupted Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) or to the purified Rauscher viral 30,000 dalton polypeptide were used to specifically precipitate newly snythetized intracellular viral polypeptides from extracts of infected NIH Swiss mouse cells (JLS-V16). Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PHAGE) of extracts from cells pulse-labeled for 10-20 min with 35 S-methionine showed that immune precipitates contained none of the nonglycosylated internal structural polypeptides of mature viruses. The major viral-specific polypeptides labeled in 10 min included polypeptides of 180,000, 140,000, 110,000, 80,000, and 60,000 daltons with minor polypeptides of 65,000, 50,000, and 40,000 daltons. Labeling the intracellular virus-specific polypeptides with 14C-glucosamine indicated that the 180,000, 110,000, 80,000, and 60,000 dalton polypeptides were gylcosylated, and all but the 110,000 dalton polypeptides are contained in the mature virions. Based on pulse-chase experiments, it appears that at least 3 of the large polypeptides (140,000, 65,000, and 50,000 daltons) are precursors to the three major internal structural polypeptides of the mature virions. PMID- 803877 TI - Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. V. Granuloma formation in mouse lungs and guinea pig skin. PMID- 803876 TI - Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. IV. Protection of mice against aerosol infection with virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 803879 TI - [Less frequent localization of the diverticle (author's transl)]. PMID- 803878 TI - Regulation of the immune response. VIII. Characteristics of antibody-mediated suppression of an in vitro cell-mediated immune response. PMID- 803880 TI - [Fundamental measuring on Siemens 42 MeV betatron in Brno (author's transl)]. PMID- 803881 TI - Reparable lethal DNA damage produced by enzyme-activated 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide. AB - 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4HAQO), the proximate form of a carcinogen 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), was activated by 4HAQO-activating enzyme to react with transforming DNA of Bacillus subtilis. Inactivation of the transforming activity proceeded in parallel with the extent of binding of enzyme-activated 4HAQO to DNA. The inactivated DNA was susceptible to host-cell reactivation (Hcr) as judged from the difference in the surviving activity assayed with Hcr plus and Hcr- hosts, indicating the reparability of the DNA damage. The enzymatic binding of 4HAQO did not induce strand breaks in DNA as measured by its sedimentation rate in alkaline sucrose density gradient. It is estimated that the activated 4HAQO binding has almost the same efficiency of inactivating the transforming DNA as pyrimidine dimers induced by UV radiation. The results indicate that the activating enzyme is responsible for intracellular reaction of 4HAQO with DNA. PMID- 803882 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin-methoxamine during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs with pre-existing multivessel coronary occlusive disease. AB - Nitroglycerin (TNG) reduces ischemic injury during acute coronary occlusion in dogs with otherwise normal coronary arteries, but its effect in the presence of pre-existing multivessel coronary disease is unknown. We therefore examined the influence of TNG on acute ischemia in dogs with chronic multivessel coronary occlusions. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was acutely occluded by a balloon cuff in conscious dogs two weeks after placement of ameroid constrictors to produce gradual occlusion of the obtuse marginal and posterior descending coronary arteries. Adequacy of balloon and ameroid coronary occlusion and degree of collateralization were assessed by coronary angiography. Nitroglycerin decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate. Myocardial ischemia, determined after LAD occlusion by summing ST-segment elevation (sigmaST) from eight intramyocardial electrodes, lessened with TNG in those six dogs whose heart rate increased less than 50 per cent, but increased in those four whose heart rate increased greater than 50 per cent. When TNG-induced change in either heart rate or arterial pressure was prevented by adding methoxamine, sigma ST was diminished even more (avg decrease 25 per cent; P smaller than 0.05). We conclude that, in the presence of pre-existing multivessel coronary occlusions, 1) TNG reduces ischemic injury during experimental acute coronary occlusion provided arterial pressure and heart rate responses are not excessive and 2) uniform improvement occurs when pressure and rate responses are abolished by an alpha-adrenergic agonist. Although results in animal studies must be extrapolated to the clinical situation with caution, these findings suggest that a similar pharmacologic approach might be applicable to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in man, even in the presence of multivessel disease. PMID- 803883 TI - A familial syndrome of central nervous system and ocular malformations. AB - A family is reported in which three of seven siblings were affected with an association of severe cerebral, cerebellar and ocular malformations. Brain malformations consisted of lissencephaly and the Dandy-Walker anomaly; congenital cataracts, retinal dysgenesis and coloboma of the choroid were found in the eyes. The pathogenesis of these developmental anomalies is probably related to abnormal neuron migration and abnormal closure of fetal fissures, occurring at an early stage of embryonic development. The association of these malformations is unique, and may point to a new malformation syndrome, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 803884 TI - Anthropological significance of phenylketonuria. AB - The highest incidence rates of phenylketonuria (PKU) have been observed in Ireland and Scotlant. Parents heterozygous for PKU in Norway differ significantly from the general population in the Rhesus, Kell and PGM systems. The parents investigated showed an excess of Rh negative, Kell plus and PGM type 1 individuals, which makes them similar to the present populations in Ireland and Scotlant. It is postulated that the heterozygotes for PKU in Norway are descended from a completely assimilated sub-population of Celtic origin, who came or were brought here, 1ooo years ago. Bronze objects of Western European (Scottish, Irish) origin, found in Viking graves widely distributed in Norway, have been taken as evidence of Vikings returning with loot (including a number of Celts) from Western Viking settlements. The continuity of residence since the Viking age in most habitable parts of Norway, and what seems to be a nearly complete regional relationship between the sites where Viking graves contain western imported objects and the birthplaces of grandparents of PKUs identified in Norway, lend further support to the hypothesis that the heterozygotes for PKU in Norway are descended from a completely assimilated subpopulation. The remarkable resemblance between Iceland and Ireland, in respect of several genetic markers (including the Rhesus, PGM and Kell systems), is considered to be an expression of a similar proportion of people of Celtic origin in each of the two countries. Their identical, high incidence rates of PKU are regarded as further evidence of this. The significant decline in the incidence of PKU when one passes from Ireland, Scotland and Iceland, to Denmark and on to Norway and Sweden, is therefore explained as being related to a reduction in the proportion of inhabitants of Celtic extraction in the respective populations. PMID- 803885 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Sera from multiple sclerosis patients show a deficit of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (serum type Pp2) by comparison with normal sera. This is not due to variation in ABO frequency, since the specimens from patients and normals are matched for ABO frequency, and it is not due to differences in secretor frequency, but represents a real dificit for Pp2 in patients with multiple sclerosis, particularly noticeable in group O individuals. PMID- 803886 TI - Intrinsic lymphocyte defect in Hodgkin's disease: analysis of the phytohemagglutinin dose-response. PMID- 803887 TI - Production of synovitis in rabbits by fractions of a cell-free extract of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. PMID- 803888 TI - Combined immunodeficiency in horses: characterization of the lymphocyte defect. PMID- 803889 TI - The occurrence of antibodies to collagen in synovial fluids. PMID- 803890 TI - Two children with pseudomonas osteomyelitis. The paucity of systemic symptoms may lead to delay in diagnosis. PMID- 803891 TI - Factors influencing the entry of dye into neutrophil leucocytes in the Nitroblue Tetrazolium test. AB - 1. The Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) test is a measure of the phagocytosis of particulate complexes of NBT and heparin and/or fibrinogen by neutrophil leucocytes. 2. Humoral factors in the plasma of ill patients stimulate neutrophil leucocytes of normal subjects to ingest these complexes. 3. The acute phase protein, orosomucoid and endotoxin stimulate reduction of NBT in vitro and could be responsible for some positive NBT tests in vivo. 4. The effect of factors promoting phagocytosis may be masked by an inability of neutrophil leucocytes to respond to stimulation. 5. This defective neutrophil function could result from the replacement of circulating neutrophil leucocytes by less mature, less actively phagocytic cells or by the presence of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 803892 TI - Blood group like substances in some marine invertebrates. V. Different forms of the blood group A like substances: glycoprotein and polysaccharide type. PMID- 803893 TI - Use of a combination of methylphenidate and oxprenolol in the management of physically disabled, apathetic, elderly patients: a pilot study. AB - A preliminary report of the use of methylphenidate and oxprenolo in 24 apathetic physically disabled elderly people is presented. The study was not psychometrically or statistically assessed but was judged by the ability to be discharged from hospital, achieved in 50% of cases, of patients who probably would require to remain in long-stay geriatric beds for the rest of their lives. PMID- 803894 TI - [Demonstration of hepatitis B (surface) antigen. A comparison of different serological methods (author's transl)]. AB - Four third generation tests for the demonstration of hepatitis B (surface) antigen were assessed (Hepamosticon test from Organon-Teknika, Auscell test, Ausria I 125 test and Ausria II 125 test from Abbott) and the results compared with those of immunodiffusion and counter-current electrophoresis (1st and 2nd generation). The results show that the Ausria II 125 test comes very close to the ideal of an optimal test for demonstrating hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBs antigen). It is clearly superior to both other tests from Abbott and in particular to the Hepanosticon test and the tests of the 1st and 2nd generation. The Ausria I 125 test can be considered as a precursor of the Ausria II 125 test and is less satisfactory as regards sensitivity and practicability and approximately equally good as regards specificity. It should not be considered in the choice of a sensitive test for demonstrating HBs antigen as it has been replaced by the Ausria II 125 test. The Auscell test resembles the Ausria I 125 test as regards sensitivity, its specificity is considerably lower. There are also definite disadvantages in the practicability. The Hepanosticon test is considerably less sensitive than the three tests from Abbott while it is easy to carry out. Its specificity is worse than that of radio-immunoassay and better than that of the Auscell test. In any case it is necessary to test the specificity in all passive haemagglutination tests. Due to poor sensitivity use of both tests of 1st and 2nd generations must be discouraged. PMID- 803895 TI - [Glucose, fructose and xylitol as energy carriers in postoperative parenteral nutrition (comparative studies) (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of fructose, glucose and xylitol, as well as their mixture in a proportion of 2:1:1 were measured and compared in the postoperative phase in a uniform group of patients receiving these substances during a 6-hour infusion. Carbohydrate balance, carbohydrate blood levels, changes in acid-base equilibrium and rises of lactate and uric acid were used as criteria for assessing the various substrates and their mixtures. Using these criteria, a carbohydrate mixture consisting of fructose, glucose and xylitol (2: 1: 1) proved to be better than the various substrates by themselves in equivalent amounts. PMID- 803896 TI - [Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry's disease). Biochemical diagnosis in plasma]. AB - In a 35-year-old man with the full picture of Fabry's disease there was an almost fourfold increase of trihexosylceramide concentration in plasma and a decrease in the alpha-galactosidase activity to 13 percent as compared with the values from a control group. Using the same biochemical methods it could be shown that two nephews of the patient are hemizygote carriers and that two sisters and the mother of the patient are heterozygote carriers. Causative treatment of the disease is unknown. In this patient the attacks of pain could be permanently improved with phenytoin and carbamazepin. PMID- 803897 TI - [Fabry's diffuse angiokeratoma corporis]. PMID- 803899 TI - Histological changes in the intestinal tract of pregnant mice infected with Coxsackievirus B3. PMID- 803898 TI - Effects of porcine hypothalamic extract on prolactin release in the rat. AB - The effect of crude extract of porcine stalk-medium eminence (SME) on release of prolactin, measured by radioimmunoassay, has been studied in the rat. In male rats, intravenous administration of 3-4 SME equivalents caused an acute increase in serum prolactin levels. This prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) effect was observed in rats anesthetized with either pentobarbital or ether, and was not dependent upon estrogen pretreatment of the animals. Prolactin release was not seen with doses of 5 or 50 mug of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The presence of porcine SME extract enhanced the release of prolactin by male rat pituitary halves incubated for 2 h in Medium 199. This effect was observed whether or not pituitary donors were pretreated with estrogen. In contrast to the observations in male animals, administration of 3 porcine SME equivalents to lactating rats separated from their litters for 4 h did not elevate serum prolactin. Failure to observe PRF activity could not be accounted for by the anesthetic employed. In vitro, porcine SME extract did not stimulate release of prolactin by pituitaries from lactating rats. Intraperitoneal injection of extract of 3 porcine SME equivalents inhibited the increase in serum prolactin which occurs when lactating rats are reunited with their litters for 30 min after 4 h of separation. These results are consistent with the concept that suckling induced prolactin release is accomplished by cessation of discharge of a prolactin release-inhibiting factor (PIF). Furthermore, since effects of PRF were observed only in male rats, it is also concluded that the physiological state of animals treated with hypothalamic extracts is an important factor in determining responsiveness to either PIF or PRF. PMID- 803900 TI - Electron microscopic study of the morphogenesis of echovirus 23. PMID- 803901 TI - Comparative primate atherosclerosis. I. Tissue cholesterol concentration and pathologic anatomy. PMID- 803903 TI - Morphological studies of the ventricular wall in cerebral infarction. PMID- 803902 TI - Urinary excretion of placenta specific antigens in rats with normal and pathological pregnancy. PMID- 803904 TI - [Synthesis and antibacterial activity of N-(benzothiazolyl-2-carbonyl)-N-1-(2 thiazolyl)hydrazine]. AB - The synthesis and chemical behaviour of N-(benzothiazolyl-2-carbonyl)-N-1-(2 thiazolyl)hydrazines is described. All the products were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity. Some of them were found to give positive results. PMID- 803905 TI - Hormonal regulation of the activity of the fatty acid synthesizing system and of the malic enzyme concentration in liver cells-1,2. PMID- 803906 TI - Influence of pharmacological experiments of chemicals and other factors in diets of laboratory animals. AB - Results derived from animal experimentation depend to a considerable degree on the health and welfare of the animal from which the results are obtained. This, in turn, reflects the quality of housing, care, and nutrition provided the animal. Most diets designed for a particular species provide a reasonable balance of nutrients in quantities sufficient for normal growth and maintenance and reproduction of that species. Under usual conditions of animal feed manufacture, however, concentrations of essential ingredients may vary appreciably in different batches of a formulation made with different lots of natural ingredients, even though the guaranteed analysis shown on the label remains correct. A feed may also contain intentional or unintentional additives and other biologically active components. Variations in the concentrations of essential dietary components, as well as the presence of extraneous materials, can significantly influence the performance of an experimental animal consuming the diet and can thus lead to a biased interpretation of esperimental results. Investigators must consider factors which can result in efficient or inefficient utilization of energy, the variation in prepared diets whether from natural or purified products, and how these can modify the animal and change the response to a given experimental regimen. Proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals can all have pharmacological as well as physiological effects on a biological system. The control of vitamin D metabolism and calcium, parathormone, calcitonin among others are important factors subject to dietary modification. A conditioned marginal or frank deficiency of folic acid can result from oral contraceptives and administration of anticonvulsants; if studies are done in animals using these types of chemicals, dietary folate will be highly significant. Newer information about the role of ascorbic acid in activation of lipase and lipid mobilization is of direct concern to those using research animals requiring a source of dietary ascorbic acid. Trace elements, some amino acids, natural enzyme inducers, and toxic contaminants, all of which can affect the response of experimental animals, are highly important to the quality of animal research in pharmacologic investigations. PMID- 803907 TI - When and why does occlusion of the vas deferens affect the testis? AB - The motility of spermatozoa from successive segments of human and animal epididymides was examined under the phase-contrast microscope. The segments were taken from laboratory rodents unilaterally vas ligated for three to five months and from human orchiectomy specimens. Evidence for testicular alteration, caused by epididymal stasis proven by the phase-contrast motility profile, was sought by weight, gross observation, and histologic examination. Two observations were made on the animals: (1) the ligature about the vas seldom resulted in epididymal stasis because the ligature cut through the muscular wall of the vas (permitting a leak);and, (2) when stasis was achieved, gross and microscopic alterations of the testis from the normal were inevitable. The observations of the human material showed that a progressive loss of sperm motility during passage through the epididymis occurred in more than one half the specimens. The motility profile of these epididymides closely resembled that seen in the unilaterally vas-ligated animals. The suggestion is made that senescence of a testicle may be caused by occlusion of its excurrent ducts. These observations seemed to support the hypothesis that faulty sperm transport and faulty maturation, becuase of epididymal rupture and fibrosis (rather than the presence of autoantibodies to sperm) probably cause the unreliability of vasovasostomy. Storage of frozen semen offers more certainty than the possibility of successful vasovasostomy. PMID- 803908 TI - Response of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to different doses of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by intramuscular administration in normal and oligospermic men: preliminary report. AB - The response of LH and FSH levels to intramuscularly administered synthetic LH-RH was studied in two healthy volunteers and three oligospermic patients. Four tests with 50, 100, 250, and 500 mug of LH-RH, respectively, were carried out on each subject at 8 am; the interval between tests was one week. The serum levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay (double-antibody method) before each injection, and 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after each injection. No differences in the basal values of either hormone were observed. In both oligospermic and normal men, maximal responses were obtained with doses between 100 and 250 mug. With 500 mug, levels decreased rather than increased. Maximal peaks occurred between 60 and 180 minutes after injection. In the two normal subjects, the responses of LH and FSH were similar. Two of the three oligospermic patients showed discordant responses. From the results, we can assume that LH-RH doses between 100 and 250 mug should be used as a basis for chronic treatment. PMID- 803909 TI - Regeneration and duplication in a temperature sensitive homeotic mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 803910 TI - Intraarterial vasopressin in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a prospective, controlled clinical trial. AB - Intraarterial vasopressin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A prospective, controlled clinical trial comparing conventional treatment with conventional therapy plus intraarterial vasopressin was undertaken. Sixty episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were evaluated during a 40-month period; 32 received conventional and 28 conventional plus vasopressin therapy. The two groups of patients were similar in type and severity of their bleeding lesions and in their underlying diseases. Vasopressin was more effective in controlling hemorrhage from nonvariceal lesions (P less than 0.05) and from varices (P less than 0.01) than conventional therapy. Transfusion requirements were significantly reduced in those patients who received vasopressin. Paradoxically, survival was not affected by vasopressin administration. The failure of cessation of hemorrhage to improve survival is thought to be due to the degree of advancement of the underlying disease, to the torrential nature of the hemorrhage, to the frequency of recurrent hemorrhage, and to the use of intraarterial vasopressin in some patients in the conventional treatment group in whom conventional therapy had failed. PMID- 803911 TI - Neurogenic tumors of the small intestine. Review of the literature and report of a case with endoscopic removal. AB - Epigastric pain and melena prompted the study of a woman with cutaneous neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). Roentgenographic and endoscopic examination demonstrated an ulcerated polypoid neurilemoma of the duodenum. It was removed by endoscopic electrosurgery. Neurogenic tumors of the intestine are rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients with multiple cafe au lait spots or cutaneous neurofibromatosis manifest epigastric pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, or intestinal obstruction. Endoscopic polypectomy may offer a low risk method of treatment for sutably located bleeding neurogenic tumors of the stomach or duodenum. PMID- 803912 TI - Relieving select symptoms of the elderly. PMID- 803913 TI - Administrative reviews: consumer views. PMID- 803914 TI - Immunologic mimicry between mouse tissue and enterobacterial common antigen. AB - Organs of Swiss white albino and C57BL/6Ha mice were assessed for an antigen (CRA) which cross-reacts with common enterobacterial antigen (CA). To this end, supernatant fluids (HKS) and ethanol-soluble fractions (ES) of heated homogenates of spleens, kidneys, and livers were examined for their capacities to react with CA hemagglutinins and to engender humoral and cellular events in the rabbit. The immunogenicity of CRA in the rabbit can not be predicted on the basis of CA hemagglutinin neutralization studies alone; although CRA was identified in the liver extracts of both mouse strains, according to this parameter, only the liver fraction of Swiss white albino mice elicited significant numbers of rosette forming cells (RFC) in the spleens of rabbits. Also, kidney fractions, which primed the rabbits for booster with CA, were less effective in stimulating RFC in the spleens failed to inhibit CA hemagglutination and did not prime rabbits for a CA hemagglutinin response, these same preparations clearly evoked RFC in rabbit spleens. Thus, the antigenicity and immunogenicity of CRA in target organs of mice reflect the mouse strain, extraction procedure, and testing method employed. PMID- 803915 TI - Binding of normal human IgG to myelin sheaths, glia and neurons. AB - The binding of normal human serum, purified IgG and IgG fragments to central nervous tissue was studied by the anti-globulin consumption (AGCT) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. In the AGCT, F(ab')2 fragments failed to react, whereas IgG and Fc fragments did so. In IF experiments, the binding was localized to myelin sheaths, glia and neurons; Fab monomers at a protein concentration of 1-3 mg/ml dod not react with the tissue, but purified Fc fragments at 0-0625 mg/ml did. The binding is neither tissue- nor species specific. Lipid and protein extraction procedures indicated that the factor responsible for binding to myelin was basic protein. It was concluded that the binding of normal IgG to central nervous tissue is medicated by the Fc part of the molecule. PMID- 803916 TI - The relation between the T cells responsible for cell-mediated cytotoxic killing of mastocytoma cells and the helper-cell effect. AB - The relationship between T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity and antibody response of C57Bl/6J mice towards DBA/2 mastocytoma cells was investigated. Spleen cells primed with viable mastocytoma cells demonstrated marked cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in vitro, but antibody response of these cells to a hapten (TNP) conjugated to the allogeneic tumour cells in vitro was suppressed as compared with that of normal spleen cells. In contrast, spleen cells primed with frozen-thawed mastocytoma cells showed no CMC, but antibody response to the hapten in vitro of these cells was enhanced. C57Bl/6J mice primed with frozen thawed mastocytoma cells produced more cytotoxic antibody than non-primed mice when immunized with viable mastocytoma cells. These results indicate that T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity and those involved in the antibody response to allogeneic mastocytoma cells are distinct.?222 PMID- 803917 TI - Immunoglobulins associated with passive transfer of resistance to Taenia taeniaeformis in the mouse. AB - Mice were found to be protected against Taenia taeniaforMis infection by passive transfer of serum collected from donors 28 days after infection. The protective activity resided exclusively in the first fraction of 7S immunoglobulins eluting from DEAE-cellulose at pH 5.8 with 0.05 M phosphate buffer. This fraction contained 7Sgamma1 and 7Sgamma2 immunoglobulins but no detectable gammaA, gammaM or skin sensitizing activity. Fractions containing 7Sgamma 2 alone were ineffective in passive transfer. PMID- 803918 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity and acquired cellular resistance in guinea pigs infected with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Randomly bred pigs of both sexes were injected intracardially with one-half of a 50% lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes. When infected animals were skin tested with 30 mug of a water-soluble extract of sonically disrupted Listeria, both males and females had uniformly detectable levels of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) 4 days after infection. In males, cutaneous hypersensitivity to Listeria antigens reached a peak on day 5 or 6 of infection, and high levels of DH persisted through the 7th week. In females, DH reached a peak on day 6 or 7, remained at this level through the 4th week, and then dropped sharply. Cutaneous reactivity was usually higher for males than for females, and differences between the sexes were statistically significant 5, 6, and 7 weeks after infection. Low levels of DH were still present 41 weeks (females) or 46 weeks (males) after infection. Assays to determine the number of viable Listeria present in spleen homogenates indicated that bacterial multiplication occurred only during the first 24 hours of infection. The number of Listeria declined steadily thereafter, and by day 13 no bacteria could be recovered from the spleens of infected animals. Spleen assays indicated that Listeria-infected animals of both sexes were resistant to a small challenge dose of Listeria given 48 hours, 7 days, or 2 weeks after the primary infection. Resistance to re-infection was absent in females challenged at 41 weeks and in males challenged at 46 weeks. PMID- 803919 TI - Isolation and immunochemical characterization of the group-specific antigen of Streptococcus mutants 6715. AB - The group d antigen of Streptococcus mutans 6515 was isolated from a buffer (pH 7.3)-boiled extract of whole cells and analyzed immunochemically. Rabbits immunized in three different fashions with whole S. mutans 6715 each responded to the same antigenic cell surface component. This presumptive major antigen was found in culture supernatant, sonically treated supernatant, acid and buffer extracts of whole cells, and trichloroacetic acid extract of cell membranes. A crude preparation of this antigen could completely inhibit antibody-mediated cell (S. mutans 6715) agglutination in a spectrophotometric analysis. The antigen was purified from buffer-boiled extracts by gel filtration on columns of Sepharose 4B. The antigen did not migrate to the anode on electrophoresis nor did it contain appreciable quantities of phosphorus, glycerol, or ribitol. This suggested that the d antigenicity did not reside in a teichoic acid. The d antigen contained galactose and glucose as the sole saccharides, in a ratio of 5.9:1.0. Protein (9.5%) appeared to be a portion of the antigen, although Pronase digested antigen retained the same electrophoretic mobility and could precipitate virtually all (98.6%) purified antibody directed to the intact antigen. The data obtained from hapten innvolved. Glucose also contributed to the immunodominant region. Antibody directed to the d antigen may be of importance in the inhibition of adherence phenomena manifested by S. mutans organisms of the d group. PMID- 803920 TI - Characterization of an in vitro persistent-state measles virus infection: establishment and virological characterization of the BGM/MV cell line. AB - The parameters of a persistent-state measles virus infection in BGM/MV cells were examined. The BGM/MV cell line was established by cocultivation of measles virus infected primary C3H mouse brain cells with a stable line of African green monkey kidney cells (BGM). Initially, a morphologically mixed population of cells existed:BGM-like (epithelioid) and fibroblasts. Gradually the fibroblasts were replaced by BGM-like cells, resulting in a morphologically homogeneous population. Measles cytopathic effect was noted 2 days after initiation of this culture and persisted for approximately 290 days. The time of disappearance of viral cytopathic effect corresponded to the time at which morphological homogeneity was reached. Low titers of infectious measles virus were detected in the BGM/MV culture up to 20 days postseeding; thereafter none was observed. After 440 days in culture, 100% of BGM/MV cells demonstrated intractyoplasmic measles antigen by immunofluorescence. Nuclear fluorescence was never observed. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of measles virus mucleocapsid within the almost completely filling the cytoplasm of BGM/MV cells. The plasma membrane of these cells appeared normal; no maturing or budding particles were observed. Measles virus hemagglutinin was not detected in either clarified cell lysates or in supernatant culture fluids. Cell membrane alteration by measles virus was detected in less than 1% of these cells by hemadsorption and by membrane immunofluorescence. The hemadsorption activity of the cells could be enhanced (30 to 70%) by treatment with actinomycin D or enucleation with cytochalasin B; these treatments, however, were unsuccessful in inducing detectable levels of measles hemagglutinin. Treatment of BGM/MV cells with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR) at 5 to 50 mug/ml and cytosine arabinoside at 1 to 50 mug/ml failed to enhance hemadsorption activity. Doses of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine ranging from 5 to 200 mug/ml and of actinomycin D ranging from 0.1 to 10 mug/ml were ineffective in inducing the synthesis of infectious virus. Various physical methods of induction of infectious virus was also unsuccessful. PMID- 803921 TI - Variations in properties of L-forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - In a study of the pathogenic potentials of Pseudomonas L-forms, three unstable L forms were derived by carbenicillin inductionfrom a mouse virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rosenthal 180. One L-form, induced on a sucrose stabilized medium, grew more slowly and differed in a number of properties from two other L-forms induced on a medium supported with polyvinylpyrilidone. After adaptation to a common liquid medium, the three L-forms differed with respect to colonial shape on solid medium, growth rate, certain biochemical properties, antibiotic sensitivities and antigenic surface, and virulence for mice. The L form may revert in vitro to a serotype different from that of the parent culture. The revertant may acquire new antibiotic resistances and sensitivities in the absence of previous exposure to the drugs and enhanced resistance to the L inducing agent. The three L-forms showed a characteristically lower, but wide, range of virulence than did the parental form. Though death of mice was accompanied by reversion of the L-forms in vivo to the bacterial form, reversion in vivo was not necessary for virulence of L-forms. Modification of residual cell wall antigens accompanied the induction of each L-form as determined by type specific antisera. PMID- 803922 TI - Passive immunity in transmissible gastroenteritis of swine: immunoglobulin characteristics of antibodies in milk after inoculating virus by different routes. AB - Pregnant swine were exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus by different routes, and their serum, colostrum, and mild were examined for titer and immunoglobulin (Ig) class of antibodies. When 2 to 4 days old, the litters of most of these animals were challenged with virulent TGE virus to determine the effectiveness of passive immunity. After two oral/intranasal exposures to attenuated virus, none of the six pregnant animals became sick. TGE antibodies in milk were primarily or solely of the IgG class, although low levels of IgA antibodies were detected in three animals. Pigs in the five challenged litters received some passive immunity, the mortality being 25%. After intramuscular injection of six pregnant swine with virulent virus, two types of clinical and immunological responses were observed, presumably dependent on whether the gut was infected by an hematogenous spread of the virus. Three became sick, showing typical clinical signs of TGE, and their immunological response was characterized by the occurrence in milk of antibodies of the IgA class. A good degree (0% mortality) of passive immunity occurred upon challenge of the suckling pigs. In contrast, in three pregnant animals that did not sicken, antibody in milk was primarily of the IgG calss, and poor (69% mortality) passive immunity occurred. After intramammary injections of three pregnant swine with virulent virus, no sickness was observed and the immunological response was characterized by the occurrence in colostrum of high titers of TGE antibodies that were primarily or solely of the IgG class; good (0% mortality) passive immunity occured. The occurrence in milk of TGE antibodies of the IgA class was associated with an intestinal infection, whereas antibodies of the IgG class resulted from a parenteral antigenic stimulation. The role of antigenic stimulation of the intestinal tract for providing antibodies in milk of the IgA class is discussed. Passive immunity against intestinal infection with TGE virus was generally more complete in pigs ingesting antibodies of the IgA than of the IgG class. PMID- 803923 TI - Fowl immunoglobulins: quantitation and antibody activity during Marek's disease in genetically resistant and susceptible birds. AB - Five-week-old birds of resistant (N) and susceptible (P) genetic lines were inoculated with the JM strain of Marek's disease (MD) virus. MD occurred only in P-line birds; one-third had died by the end of the experiment (63 days after inoculation). Sera were examined for antibodies (precipitating, virus neutralizing,and fluorescing), and immunoglobulins were measured. Antibodies were associated with immunoglobulin classes by density gradient centrifugation and utilization of specific antisera to gowl immunoglobulins in indirect immunofluorescence. Precipitating antibodies were found in both lines; they first appeared 7 days after inoculation in P-line birds and 14 days after inoculation in N-line birds, but thereafter there was no difference between the two genetic lines. A peak of neutralizing antibody occurred in both lines between 6 and 12 days. Thereafter neutralizing antibodies increased gradually throughout the experiment. Neutralizing antibody levels were at this stage often higher in N line than in P-line birds. The fluorescent antibody test showed transient immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody from 7 to 9 days in N-line birds and 5 to 12 days in P-line birds; this corresponded with the initial peak of neutralizing antibody. Antibodies were seen from 7 to 8 days after inoculation and increased gradually durin gthe experiment, generally paralleling the secondary increase in neutralizing antibodies. Ultracentrifugation confirmed the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies as described. Antibodies of the IgA class were not found. The alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels occurred in three phrases: (i) 1 to 9 days postinfection, there was an increase in IgM and IgA compared with uninfected control birds; (ii) 10 to 20 days postinfection, Ig M and IgA levels were lower than in control birds; and (iii) 21 days postinfection, until the end of experiment, IgA returned to normal levels, IgG increased to about eight times higher than in control birds, and IgM in P-line birds returned to normal levels and in N-line birds reached and maintained levels about double those of control birds. Another experiment was designed to examine the separate effects of moving and inoculation of uninfected kidney cells and virus-infected kidney cells. The changes in immunoglobulins observed in the first experiment occurred only after infection with MD virus and were not related to movement or handling stress. It was concluded that no significant primary difference exists in the humoral immune system between fowls resistant and susceptible to MD; all differences could be related to the immunosuppressive effects of MD, which are greater in susceptible birds apparently due to the greater lymphoid tissue damage in these strains. PMID- 803924 TI - Studies on gonococcus infection. VII. In vitro killing of gonococci by human leukocytes. AB - The comparative killing of pilated and nonpilated forms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by human peripheral blood leukocytes was studied in vitro. Some nonpilated gonococci (T2) were killed to a lesser extent than were pilated, T2 organisms, which were killed less readily than another nonpilated (T4*) form of gonococcus. Thus, the relative order of killing of gonococci by human peripheral blood leukocytes appears to be: T4 less than T2 less than T4*. These data suggest that pilation, though correlated with virulence of gonococci, has little influence on the survival or killing of these organisms by human leukocytes. PMID- 803925 TI - Pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink: identification of nonpersistent infections. AB - Aleutian disease virus usually produces a persistent infection and progressive immune comples disease in mink of the Aleutian genotype. Study of Aleutian disease virus infection in non-Aleutian mink showed that about one-quarter developed nonpersistent infections by the virus, and that the nonpersistence was not genetically determined by the host. The nonpersistently infected mink developed only a transient elevation of serum gamma globulin, and much lower specific Aleutian disease virus antibody titers than persistently infected mink. No lesions were found in the nonpersistently infected mink. PMID- 803926 TI - Comparative antigenic analysis of pathogenic and free-living Naegleria species by the gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques. AB - Antigens prepared from each of five strains (CA, CJ, HB-1, HB-3, and TY) of pathogenic Naegleria and the EG strain of nonpathogenic Naegleria gruberi were compared by the gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques. Axenically grown amoebae were used as sources of antigens. Antisera were produced in individual rabbits against three strains (CA, CJ, and HB-1) of pathogenic Naegleria and the EG strain of N. gruberi. In the gel diffusion experiment each of the six antigens was reacted with each of the four antisera in agar gel. The results of these experiments revealed that the antigens of N. gruberi reacted strongly with the homologous antiserum but minimally with each of the three heterologous antisera. The antigens of all five pathogenic strains reacted extensively with the anti-CA, anti-CJ, and anti-HB-1 sera and moderately with the anti-EG serum. In the immunoelectrophoresis test each of the six antigens was separated electrophoretically in agar gel and reacted with each of the four antisera. The EG strain reacted extensively with its homologous antiserum and produced multiple precipitin arcs; it reacted minimally with anti-CA, anti-CJ, and anti-HB-1 sera and produced only three arcs. The antigens of all five strains of Naegleria fowleri reacted very strongly with anti-CA, anti-CJ, and anti-HB-1 sera and produced multiple precipitin arcs. They, however, reacted variably with the anti-EG serum and produced three to six precipitin arcs. Comparative immunoelectrophoretic analysis carried out on the CA and HB-1 strains revealed the antigenic identity of these two strains. Based on these results, together with those from the reciprocal absorption experiments, it was concluded that (i) the pathogenic strains of Naegleria, though they shared three to six common antigens with N. gruberi, were nevertheless distinct from it, and (ii) the five pathogenic strains were antigenically close and belonged in the same species. Antigens of Acanthamoeba castellanii, A. culbertsoni, and Entamoeba histolytica were also reacted with the four anti-Naegleria sera in gel diffusion experiments. Results of these tests indicate that these three organisms are antigenically distinct from Naegleria. PMID- 803927 TI - Studies on gonococcus infection. VIII. 125Iodine labeling of gonococci and studies on their in vitro interactions with eukaryotic cells. AB - Intact gonococci (GC) have been labeled with 125iodine by the lactoperoxidase plus hydrogen peroxide procedure. The specific activities of types 2, 4, and 4 GC have been determined and are found to show small differences as follows: T4 greater than T2 greater than T4. 125I-labeled GC have been studied for their associations with both leukocytes and tissue culture cells. 125I-labeled GCshow the following relative order of association with the leukocytes: T2 equals T4* greater than T4. This contrasts with the relative degree of interaction between the GC and tissue culture cells, which follows the relative order: T2 greater than T4 equals T4*. Trypsin pretreatment of GC markedly reduces the association of all three types (T2, T4 AND T4*) with leukocytes but does not alter the level of attachment of any of the gonococcal types with tissue culture cells. PMID- 803928 TI - Some effects of growth medium composition on the antigenicity of a T-strain mycoplasma. AB - T-strain 960 was passaged through 24 serial 10-fold dilutions in media without added urea and with porcine serum albumin fraction V as the only protein enrichment. The organism, either grown in this manner or passaged an additional three times in medium containing horse serum and 0.1 per cent urea, was inoculated into rabbits. Resultant antisera were tested for activity against T 960 growing in these different media by: (i) growth curve analysis in the presence of antiserum, (ii) metabolic inhibition in the presence or absence of complement (fresh guinea pig serum), (iii) complement-dependent killing curves, (iv) double diffusion in gel (Ouchterlong), and (v) a new visual method for the detection of antigen-antibody reactions on glass slides coated with a thin film of indium metal. Our results indicate that the reactivity of the antisera, as assayed by the above methods, is significantly affected by the composition of the growth medium used for preparation of the antigen. In addition, it was possible to determine that the guinea pig serum-dependent killing of T960 was not affected by the presence of ammonium ion. PMID- 803929 TI - Newly recognized distinctive M protein associated with certain M type 1 group A streptococci. AB - Immunological and epidemiological characteristics of M1T1 and M1T8 (T8, 25, Imp.19) group A streptococci isolated in Egypt have been described. Both strains possess a common M1 antigen. The M1T8 strains possess a second antigen which has the immunological and biological characteristics of M protein. The M1T1 strains do not possess this second M antigen. Absorbed rabbit antisera which are specific for this second antigen do not react with extracts of any of the known M protein serotypes. This second antigen is therefore a newly recognized M protein. The M1T1 and M1T8 strains had mutually exclusive geographical and temporal distributions. This finding may have been a consequence of the immunity which occurred after the initial occurrence of the M1T8 strain. PMID- 803930 TI - Changing agglutination activities of salivary immunoglobulin A preparations against oral streptococci. AB - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was prepared from samples of parotid saliva collected from two individuals over a 150-day period. Standardized solutions of the IgA were tested for agglutinating antibody activity against strains of streptococcus salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis, and S. mutans that had been isolated from a homologous individual on day 30 and preserved in the lyophilized state. The agglutinating activity of the standardized IgA preparations against these strains was found to change over time, whereas the agglutination patterns of IgA prepared from saliva samples collected 3 days apart were generally similar. Differences in agglutination titers were also observed between IgA samples prepared from saliva collected on day 0 and day 150. The data indicate that the oral cavity may harbor streptococci of different antigenic composition representing the same species at a given time and that parotid IgA agglutinating antibody against these serotypes changes over time. PMID- 803931 TI - Immunological studies of an antigen common to many gram-negative bacteria with special reference to E. coli. Characterization and biological significance. AB - A number of different bacterial strains were analyzed for the presence of common antigens using immunodiffusion techniques. Most of the studied E. coli strains had many common antigens. Especially one antigen was found in all investigated E. coli as well as Proteus and Pseudomonas strains and antibodies to this antigen were also recognized in antimeningococcal antiserum. The antigen was found possibly to be at least partly a protein with low carbohydrate content located in the inner part of the cell wall and specific antiserum to it was produced by immunizing rabbits. Antiserum to the common antigen did not protect against intraperitoneal infection in mice, or against hematogenous pyelonephritis in rabbits. Irregularly in a few patients with pyelonephritis, a very low antibody response was indicated using indirect hemagglutination technique. A possible significance of the antigen for the future quantitation of antibodies to gram negative bacteria is discussed, as well as of the specific antiserum for the diagnosis of gram-negative bacterial strains using immunodiffusion techniques. PMID- 803932 TI - Double diffusion in gel tests with Paul-Bunnell antibodies of infectious mononucleosis sera. AB - Double diffusion tests in gel were employed for studies of reactions between infectious mononucleosis sera and extracts of bovine, sheep and equine erythrocyte stromata. The extracts were obtained by ultrasonication of stromata prepared from trypsin-digested erythrocytes. The reaction with bovine stroma extract was composed, in many instances, of two lines. A single line was observed in reactions with sheep and equine stroma extracts. This line merged into a reaction of partial or complete identy with one of the lines formed with bovine stroma extract. Evidence was obtained that some infectioous mononucleosis sera may contain heterophile (Paul-Bunnell) antibodies belonging to IgG class in addition to those of IgM nature. PMID- 803933 TI - Studies on the mechanism of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - MCF is a product of sensitized T lymphocytes, which is actively synthesized and secreted when lymphocytes are incubated with the appropriate target cells. The process of macrophage activation leading to cytotoxicity needs a period of 24h. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity is restricted to the specific target cell. B cell antibody does not seem to be involved. The reaction cannot be inhibited by rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin. However, various conditions, which may interfere with this specificity, are discussed. PMID- 803934 TI - Immunoglobulin classes carrying homocytotropic and passive hemagglutinating antibody activities in the marsupial Setonix brachyurus (the quokka). AB - On the basis of their physicochemical and antigenic properties, and by analogy with guinea pig immunoglobulins, two antibody classes in the serum of the marsupial Setonix brachyurus have been classified as IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. The analogy between these marsupial immunoglobulins and those of eutherian (placental) species was extended by an investigation of their biological activities. The electrophoretically slow antibody (IgG2) fixed hemolytic complement, precipitated soluble antigen and predominated early in the response mounted when quokkas were immunized with antigen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). The more anodic antibody (IgG1) in this marsupial did not fix complement, was inefficient in precipitating antigen and was the predominant antibody synthesized by quokkas immunized with antigen adsorbed to alumina gel. The IgG1 isotype in this marsupial appears to possess both passive hemagglutinating (HA) and homocytotropic antibody (HCA) activities. However, the HCA and IgG1 HA activities did not develop in parallel during the course of the immune response, thus suggesting that only a functional subpopulation of the IgG1 antibodies possess homocytotropic activity. PMID- 803935 TI - The effect of fresh toad bile on the induction of encystation in Opalina sudafricana parasitic in Bufo regularis. PMID- 803936 TI - The use of Opalina sudafricana in a biological test for diagnosing disordered metabolism of tryptophan in human subjects. PMID- 803937 TI - The onset of immune protection in acute experimental Chagas' disease in C3H(HE) mice. PMID- 803938 TI - Serum levels of retinol-binding protein in different genetic types of retinitis pigmentosa. AB - The level of retinol-binding protein (RBP) was determined by a single radial immunodiffusion technique in the serum of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) carefully classified according to their specific genetic type, i.e., autosomally recessive, dominant, sex-linked, and other such as those forms associated with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl or Winkelman's disease. Highly purified human normal RBP was used as a standard. In none of the patients with RP studied was the serum level of RBP found to be significantly different from that of the control subjects. PMID- 803939 TI - Experimental serous and hemorrhagic uveal edema associated with retinal detachment surgery. AB - A study of the effects of hypotony, cryotherapy as the adhesive modality and vortex system obstruction in repair of experimental retinal detachment in the owl monkey is reported. The presence of serous uveal edema (detachment) correlated mainly with the degree of cortex obstruction. Hemorrhagic extravasation appeared to be a more exaggerated manifestation of such vascular stasis. PMID- 803940 TI - Ultrastructural and chemical changes in spores of Bacillus cereus after action of disinfectants. PMID- 803941 TI - A fluorescent antibody technique for the enumeration of faecal streptococci in water. PMID- 803942 TI - An improvement in the technique for the presumptive identification of Aeromonas salmonicida. PMID- 803943 TI - The use of microcalorimetry for bacterial classification. PMID- 803944 TI - Genetics of biotin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Biotin auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis were isolated and classified into three groups according to growth requirements, cross-feeding pattern, and biotin precursors excreted into culture supernatant fluids. Mutant genes were mapped by transduction using phage PBS1. All presently identified bio genes were linked to aroG with an order of bio-aroG-argA-leu-1. No linked markers were found to the left of the bio loci. PMID- 803945 TI - Oxygen-dependent inactivation of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase in stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (ATase) activity is rapidly inactivated in stationary-phase cells of Bacillus subtilis. The inactivation of APase requires both the cessation of rapid cell growth and the presence of oxygen. ATase is inactivated in two protease-deficient mutant strains at a rate similar to that seen in the wild type, and is stable in anaerobic cell free extracts of the parent strain. These results suggest that the inactivation of ATase is not the result of general proteolysis. The inactivation of ATase in stationary-phase cultures can be inhibited by oxygen starvation. This oxygen requirement does not reflect a dependence on the generation of metabolic energy, but appears to be a direct requirement for molecular oxygen. ATase synthesis is repressed by the addition of adenosine, and is inactivated only after the cessation of exponential growth. Addition of chloramphenicol or rifampin to exponential- and stationary-phase cells does not inhibit ATase inactivation, suggesting that protein or ribonucleic acid synthesis is not required for inactivation. ATase is inactivated at the end of exponential growth in cells that have exhausted a required amino acid. PMID- 803946 TI - Oxygen-dependent inactivation of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase in vitro inactivation. AB - The oxygen-dependent inactivation of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (ATase) is demonstrated in cell extracts of Bacillus subtilis. The rate of inactivation of ATase in vitro is apparently first order with respect to oxygen concentration and ATase activity. ATase inactivation in vitro (or in vivo) cannot be reactivated by a variety of reductants. ATase is significantly stabilized to oxygen-dependent inactivation in vitro in the presence of tetrasodium phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and glutamine together. The effects of the end product inhibitors, adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine 5 monophosphate (GMP), on the stability of ATase are antagonistic. AMP stabilizes ATase, whereas GMP destabilizes the enzyme. The stability of ATase can be manipulated over wide ranges by variations in the AMP/GM ratio. The effects of AMP and GMP on the inactivation of ATase in vitro are very specific. ATase is partially inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that the enzyme contains iron (or some other chelatable metal ion). The inactivation of ATase in vitro is proposed to present a model for the reconstruction of the inactivation of ATase in stationary-phase cells of B. subtilis. PMID- 803947 TI - Characteristics of a Bacillus subtilis W23 mutant temperature sensitive for initiation of chromosome replication. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis W23, dna-20 (Ts), has been isolated and shown to be defective in initiation of rounds of chromosome replication at the nonpermissive temperature. Upon transfer of dna-20(Ts) from 30 to 45 C, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, as measured by [3H]thymine incorporation, gradually ceases. The distribution of genetic markers among unreplicated and replicated deoxyribonucleic acid, isolated from dna-20(Ts) after a period at 43 C in a medium containing 5-bromouracil, and fractionated in a CsCl gradient, shows that the cessation of initiation at the higher temperature is immediate. On the other hand, ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis continues at elevated or unaltered rates for some time after the shift to 45 C. Marker frequency analysis shows that all rounds of replication in progress at the time of the temperature shift terminate rapidly (within 40 min), even when chromosomes are replicating dichotomously in rich media. dna-20(Ts) remains 100% viable for at least 2 h at 45 C. Over a 5-h period at 45 C the nuclear bodies remain compact; a small number (less than 5%) of deoxyribonucleic acid-less cells are produced, but there is no morphological distortion of the cells. When the cells are returned to 30 C after 2 h at 45 C, chromosome replication is initiated rapidly at the normal origin and then proceeds in the normal established sequence. However, a second round of replication is initiated soon after the first. dna-20(Ts) has been shown to map as a B-group mutation, the major class of initiation mutants identified in B. subtillus 168. PMID- 803948 TI - Synchronous germination and outgrowth of fractionated Bacillus subtilis spores: tool for the analysis of differentiation and division of bacterial cells. AB - A fraction of Bacillus subtilis 168 spores, purified by Urografin isopycnic density centrifugation, heat activated, and inoculated in nutrient broth plus glucose, germinated and outgrew very synchronously. Synchrony was documented by nuclear staining and fluorescence microscopy, and by determining the variation of the buoyant density of the cells during outgrowth. Cell mass increased at constant rates and the passage from one rate to the next was dependent upon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. DNA synthesis inhibitors induced the formation of anucleated sister cells in a vast majority of the population, indicating that septation was programmed and became independent from DNA synthesis very early in the cell cycle. PMID- 803949 TI - Temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid replication in a dnaC mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis is defective in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, contains a lesion in the dnaC locus, and is not primarily an initiation mutant. The amount of DNA synthesized by this mutant at temperatures above 40 C decreases with increasing temperature. DNA synthesis resumes within 20 min after the temperature is lowered to 30 C. In the presence of chloramphenical, DNA synthesis begins at a reduced rate after the temperature is lowered to 30 C. Spores germinated at 46 C cannot initiate DNA replication. The capacity for residual DNA synthesis is stable at the restrictive temperature during inhibition of DNA synthesis. When the temperature is lowered to 30 C after a period of incubation at 43 C, DNA synthesis starts at the origin of the chromosome as well as at preexisting growing points. Similar DNA synthesis patterns are found in mutant cells in vivo and after toluene treatment. PMID- 803950 TI - Properties of Bacillus megaterium temperature-sensitive germination mutants. AB - Bacillus megaterium mutants JV-9 and JV-10 are temperature sensitive for initiation of spore germination. At 46 C, they did not lose heat resistance, dipicolinic acid, or absorbance, indicating that the temperature-sensitive blocks are very early in the sequence of initiation reactions. Strain JV-9 was temperature sensitive for initiation by glucose alone, and strain JV-10 was temperature sensitive for initiation by glucose, L-leucine, L-proline, KBr, or calcium dipicolinate. The kinetics of initiation were followed after two kinds of temperature change (shift-up and shift-down) experiments. Mutant spores incubated for different times at 46 C and then shifted down to 30 C showed no significant differences in the rates of absorbance decrease, i.e., no stimulation or inhibition. Conversely, when mutant spores were incubated for different times at 30 C, a fraction of the population initiated germination, and after shift-up to 46 C an additional fraction continued initiation while a third fraction stopped. This latter fraction did initiate germination when the temperature was lowered to 30 C. The kinetics of initiation after shift-up and shift-down in temperature suggest that the early events in initiation reagents, whereas the other four initiated sensitivity for all of the above initiation reagents, whereas the other four initiated very poorly. It was suggested that the lesion in strain JV-10 may result in the formation of one temperature-sensitive protein. Revertants of strain JV-9 could not be isolated. PMID- 803951 TI - Multiple mutations in cysA 14 MUTANTS OF Bacillus subtilis. AB - Isolates of Bacillus subtilis that had been presumed to carry the cysA14 lesion have been studied. Our data indicate that these strains contain four mutations, all of which are linked by transformation and lie in the region of the ribosomal markers. The requirement for cysteine results from a defective serine transacetylase that is coded for by the cysA locus. Therefore, these mutants grow only in the presence of cysteine but not with sulfate, sulfite, or sulfide as the sole source of sulfur. A second genetic lesion (css) can be recognized by an increased sensitivity to the amino acid L-cysteine. The inhibited enzyme(s) has not been determined but inhibition is overcome by a mixture of eight amino acids. The third mutation (hts) results in the overproduction and excretion of hydrogen sulfide. This compound appears to be produced from cysteine by the enzyme cysteine desulfhydrylase and not by an increased activity of the sulfate reductive pathway. This locus presumably codes for a regulatory element involved in the control of cysteine desulfhydrylase. The fourth mutation (cym) is not well characterized biochemically but results in a requirement for cysteine or methionine. The following order of these mutations has been established by transformation studies: hts, cysA, css, cym. The generally poor growth of these mutants in minimal-salts glucose media supplemented with cysteine can now be explained by these observations. The cysA14 mutants not only require an amino acid that is itself inhibitory to growth but they also overproduce the highly toxic compound hydrogen sulfide. PMID- 803952 TI - Transformation and transfection in lysogenic strains of Bacillus subtilis: evidence for selective induction of prophage in competent cells. AB - Lysogenic strains of Bacillus subtilis 168 were reduced in their level of transformation as compared to non-lysogenic strains. The level of transformation decreased even further if the competent lysogenic cells were allowed to incubate in growth media prior to selection on minimal agar. This reduction in the frequency of transformation was attributable to the selective elimination of transformed lysogenic cells from the competent population. Concurrent with the decrease in the number of transformants from a lysogenic competent population was the release of bacteriophage by these cells. The lysogenic bacteria demonstrated this dramatic release of bacteriophage only if the cells were grown to competence. Both the selective elimination of transformed lysogens and the induction of prophage was prevented by the inhibition of protein synthesis. Additionally, competent lysogenic cells released significantly higher amounts of exogenous donor transforming deoxyribonucleic acid than did competent non lysogenic cells or competent lysogenic cells incubated with erythromycin. These data establish that the induction of the prophage from the competent lysogenic cells was responsible for the selective elmination of the lysogenic transformants. A model is presented that accounts for the induction of the prophage from competent lysogenic bacteria via the induction of a repair system. It is postulated that a repair system is induced or derepressed by the accumulation of gaps in the chromosomes of competent bacteria. This hypothetical enzyme(s) is ultimately responsible for the induction of the prophage and the selective elimination of transformants. PMID- 803954 TI - Reversion of Bacillus megaterium protoplasts to the bacillary form. AB - Photomicrographic evidence of reversion of Bacillus megaterium protoplasts to the bacillary form on soft agar plates hypertonic medium is demonstrated. PMID- 803953 TI - Effect of lysogeny on transfection and transfection enhancement in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Strains of Bacillus subtilis 168 lysogenic for bacteriophage phi105 transfer with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from bacteriophage SPO2 at a higher efficiency than non-lysogenic strains. This enhancement of transfection was not the result of recombination between bacteriophages SPO2 and phi105. Superinfection marker rescue increased transfection with DNA from bacteriophage phi105 occurred simultaneously with the addition of the transfecting DNA. Again, this enhancement of transfection was not the result of recombination but rather a protection of the transfecting DNA by the superinfecting bacteriophage. The ability of the superinfecting bacteriophage to protect the transfecting DNA from inactivation was maximal when the bacteria were just becoming competent. Bacteriophage phi1 cannot replicate after the transfection of competent bacteria lacking a functional DNA replication system, whereas bacteriophage phi1 was able to replicate after infection of competent bacteria grown under comparable conditions. These observations support the hypothesis that GAPase and an inducible repair system play an important role in the development of competence. PMID- 803955 TI - Transport of D- and L-tryptophan in Bacillus megaterium by an inducible permease. AB - Tryptophan-grown cells of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 contain a permease system that transports both D- and L-tryptophan and is inhibited by sodium azide. Arginine-grown cells contain little tryptophan permease activity, suggesting that the system is inducible. Arginine represses the tryptophan permease as well as the transport system for leucine and phenylalanine. Kynurenine was a more effective inducer of the tryptophan transport system than either D- or L tryptophan. PMID- 803956 TI - Tryptophan catabolism in Bacillus megaterium. AB - Bacillus megaterium grows in a medium containing L-tryptophan as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Kynurenine, anthranilic acid, and catechol are metabolic intermediates, suggesting that this organism used the anthranilic acid pathway for tryptophan degradation. Cells that grow on L-tryptophan oxidize kynurenine, alanine, and anthranilic acid and the presence of tryptophan oxygenase (EC 1.13.1.12), kynureninase (EC 3.7.1.3), and catechol oxygenase (EC 1.13.1.1) in cell extracts provide additional evidence for the degradative pathway in B. megaterium. Tryptophan oxygenase is inhibited by sodium azide, potassium cyanide, and hydroxylamine, indicating that the enzyme has a functional heme group. D-Tryptophan is not a substrate for tryptophan oxygenase, and the D isomer does not inhibit this enzyme. Formamidase (EC 3.5.1.9) and anthranilate hydroxylase are not detectable in extracts. Tryptophan catabolism is inducible in B megaterium and is subject to catabolite repression by glucose and glutamate. Arginine does not cause repression, and kynurenine induces both tryptophan oxygenase and kynureninase. PMID- 803957 TI - Evidence for common binding sites for ferrichrome compounds and bacteriophage phi 80 in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. AB - Mutants ton A and ton B of Escherichia coli K12, known to be resistant to bacteriophage phi80, were found to be insensitive as well to albomycin, an analogue of the specific siderochrome ferrichrome. Ferrichrome at micromolar concentrations strongly inhibited plaque production by phi80. Preincubation with ferrichrome did not inactivate the phage. At a concentration at which ferrichrome allowed 90% inhibition of plaque formation, the chromium analogue of ferrichrome showed no detectable activity. Similarly, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ferrichrome A, and certain siderochromes structurally distinct from ferrichrome, such as ferrioxamine B, schizokinen, citrate, and enterobactin, did not show detectable inhibitory activity. However, rhodotorulic acid showed moderate activity. A host range mutant of phi80, phi80h, was also inhibited by ferrichrome, as was a hybrid of phage lambda possessing the host range of phi80. However, phage lambdacI- and a hybrid of phi80 possessing the host range of lambda were not affected by ferrichrome. Finally, ferrichrome and chromic deferriferrichrome were shown to inhibit adsorption of phi80 to sensitive cells, ferrichrome giving 50% inhibition of adsorption at a minimal concentration of 8 nM. It is suggested that a component of the ferrichrome uptake system may reside in the outer membrane of E. coli K12 and may also function as a component of the receptor site for bacteriophage phi80, and that ferrichrome inhibition of the phage represents a competition for this common site. PMID- 803958 TI - Cell division suppression in the Bacillus subtilis div IC-A1 minicell-producing mutant. AB - Growth and division patterns of Bacillus subtilis wild-type (div IV-A1+) and minicell-producing mutant (div IV-A1) clones were studied after spore germination during microcolony development in chambers that facilitate continuous observation with a phase contrast microscope. Data obtained from 13 div IV-A1+ clones were used to derive the equation DE equals [(mum minus 17.6)/8.8], which expresses the relationship of cell divisions present in clones of various lengths. This equation was used to determine the number of divisions expected in div IV-A1 clones if the mutant clones were able to divide as often as wild-type clones. The observed number of divisions present in mutant clones was found to be only 25.27% of the number expected on the basis of this equation. Although individual div IV A1 clones varied in the percentage of division equivalents expressed, there appeared to be no correlation between the overall clone growth rate and the number of divisions expressed. Culturing div IV-A1+ and div IV-A1 clones together in the same growth chamber revealed that there were no diffusible interactions influencing the division phenotypes of either mutant or wild-type cells. At later stages of growth, mixed microcolonies containing cells of both genotypes were formed. A length analysis of individual cells in these populations indicated that the relative division suppression of mutant compared with wild-type cells characteristic of the initial stages of clone development was maintained. It is likely, therefore, that the excessive length of minicell-producing cells (div IV A1) is a reflection primarily of division suppression in the mutant and not simply of mislocation of division along cell length. PMID- 803959 TI - Degradation of phospholipid and release of diglyceride-rich membrane vesicles during protoplast formation in certain gram-positive bacteria. AB - Membrane phospholipid was found to be hydrolyzed presumably by an intracellular phospholipase C, and diglyceride-rich membrane vesicles were released from the cells during protoplast formation in Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The released membranes consisted mainly of small vesicles of 50 to 100 nm in diameter. They have a lower density than that of protoplast membranes in all the bacteria tested in the present study. PMID- 803961 TI - Minicell yield and cell division suppression in Bacillus subtilis mutants. AB - Minicell yield is determined by the probability of a minicell-producing division and the relationship of growth to division in Bacillus subtilis mutants. PMID- 803960 TI - Nuclear and cell division in Bacillus subtilis: dormant nucleoids in stationary phase cells and their activation. AB - The morphology of nucleoids and mesosomes of Bacillus subtilis in stationary-and lag-phase cultures was studied by making three-dimensional cell reconstructions in plastic of electron micrographs of serial sections. In cells from stationary cultures, the dormant nucleoids are frequently, but not always, spherical and the mesosomes are small and compact. It is suggested that the spherical nucleoids represent the resting stage in which replication and segregation have been completed. In cells from lag-phase cultures, the compact mesosomes develop into an elaborate system of tubes and wider sacs which become wrapped around the elongating nucleoids and invade the nucleoplasm in preparation for division. PMID- 803962 TI - Interactions between exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid and membrane vesicles isolated from competent and noncompetent Bacillus subtilis. AB - Competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis 168 have been fractionated into a high competent and a low-competent fraction by a large-scale separation technique. Membrane vesicles isolated from both cell fractions are equally active in the transport of L-glutamate. Both membrane vesicle preparations seem to have similar endo- and exonuclease activities. Also, both preparations are capable of binding deoxyribonucleic acid. However, especially at low deoxyribonucleic acid concentrations (1 mug or less per ml), vesicles obtained from competent cells bind significantly more deoxyribonucleic acid (up to sixfold) than vesicles from noncompetent cells. PMID- 803963 TI - Revision of the linkage map of Bacillus subtilis 168: indications for circularity of the chromosome. AB - A revision of the linkage map of the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome has been undertaken with the use of the generalized transducing phage PBS1. The mapping of four new markers (narB1, mtlB1, aroI906, and tre-12) has allowed a determination of the relative orientation of the purB-dal segment and its linkage with the lin markers. The chromosomal segment comprised between the sacQ36 and gtaA12 markers has been linked with the narA1, ctrA1, and sacA321 markers. The recA1 marker has been mapped relative to the thyA and citB17 markers. Indications of linkage have been found between the tre-12 and catA markers and the aroG932 and sacQ36 markers. According to these results, a circular genetic map of the chromosome of B. subtilis 168 is presented. Taken together, the transduction data and the order of marker replication determined by Harford in the accompanying paper support strongly the hypothesis of a symmetrical and fully bidirectional mode of replication for the B. subtilis 168 chromosome. PMID- 803964 TI - Bidirectional chromosome replication in Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - Density transfer analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid from Bacillus subtilis 168 thy spores germinating in 5-bromouracil medium shows the order of replication of genetic markers to be: purA16, cysA14, sacA, ctrA, (narB, arol), dal, (hisA1, purB6), (tre-12, thr-5), (argA, aroG, argC4), (metC, leu-8, pheA), (ura-1, aroD), lys-1, (trpC, metB, ilvA, citB, citK, gltA). The precise order of transfer of markers within parentheses could not be determined in these experiments. Taken together with new PBS1 transduction data presented here and in the accompanying paper of J. Lepesant-Kejzlarova, J.-A. Lepesant, J. Walle, A. Billaut, and R. Dedonder (1975), the results can be resolved in terms of a symmetric, fully bidirectional mode of chromosome replication with a replication origin close to the purA16 marker and a terminus in the region of the gltA, citK loci, diametrically opposed to the origin. A new genetic map of the B. subtilis 168 chromosome is presented. PMID- 803965 TI - Self-transferable plasmids determining the hemolysin and bacteriocin of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes. AB - Strains of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes, designated JH1 and JH3, produced a hemolysin and a bacteriocin. Hemolytic activity was lost from a low percentage of cells grown in broth at either 37 or 45 C. All nonhemolytic (Hly-) variants had lost bacteriocin activity (Ben-), and those from strain JH3 had also lost resistance to the bacteriocin (Bnr-). The majority of Hly-, Ben- variants from JH1 retained bacteriocin resistance (Bnrplus). Strains JH1 and JH3 contained a plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid species of molecular weight 38 times 10-6 (plasmids pJH2 and pJH3, respectively), and strain JH1 also contained a 50 times 10-6 molecular weight plasmid (pJH1) which has previously been shown to carry the genes determining resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Hly-, Bcn-, Bnr- variants of strain JH3 had completely lost plasmid pJH3. Hly-, Bcn-, Bnr- variants of strain JH1 had completely lost plasmid pJH2 and retained plasmid pJH1, but Hly-, Bcn-, Bnrplus variants had retained both plasmids pJH2 and pJH1. The Hlyplus, Bcnplus, Bnrplus traits from both parental strains were transferable to nonhemolytic S. faecalis strains during mixed incubation in broth at 37 C, and hemolytic recipient strains were found to have received plasmid pJH2 from strain JH1 and pJH3 from JH3. We conclude that the Hlyplus, Bnrplus traits are borne on plasmid pJH2 in strain JH1 and pJH3 in strain JH3 and that, in Hly-, Bcn-, Bnrplus variants of strain JH1, plasmic pJH2 has suffered a mutation affecting hemolysin and bacteriocin expression. We infer that the plasmids transfer by conjugation. Beta-hemolytic activity is the only property distinguishing the zymogenes variety from S. faecalis. Since we have shown that this activity is plasmid borne in strains JH1 and JH3, we endorse the view that the varietal status of zymogenes should be dropped. PMID- 803966 TI - New transfer ribonucleic acid species during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) populations from log-phase cells, sporulating cells (stage III), and dormant spores were compared by tRNA deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization techniques. New tRNA species not found in log phase cells were observed in stage III cells. Some of the tRNA made during sporulation were also present in dormant spores. Although the role and function of these new tRNA species cannot be ascribed directly to the sporulation process, their presence indicates that new tRNA genes can be transcribed during sporulation and suggests that translational control may be exerted during sporulation by tRNA. PMID- 803967 TI - An analysis of five serine transfer ribonucleic acids from Drosophila. AB - Crude tRNA from adult Drosophila melanogaster was fractionated on bensoylated diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns. The eluate was assayed for both amino acid acceptance and cytokinin activity. Most of the cytokinin activity was associated with a peak of serine acceptance. The five major serine tRNAs were purified by chromatography on benzoylated-dietyhlaminoethyl cellulose and reversed phase chromatography-5 columns. The major species, tRNA7-Ser was isolated from this tRNA and was shown to be N-6-(delta-2-isopentenyl)adenosine (i-6A) on the basis of ultraviolet and mass spectral data. The nucleoside somposition of all five serine tRNAs was determined directly and by the 3-H derivative method. They all contain pseudouridine, ribothymidine, 1-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N-2 dimethylguanosine, 5, 6-hydrouridine, and 3-methylcytosine, while two contain an unidentified nucleoside, and one containes 1-methylguanosine. These techniques also confirmed the presence of i-6A in tRNA7-Ser as well as showing its presence in tRNA6-Ser and tRNA4-Ser. These three tRNA-Ser species exhibit marked changes in elution from reversed phase chromatography-5 columns as a function of temperature and this may be related to their minor base composition. The tRNAs Ser were bound to ribosomes in response to the following triplets: tRNA2-Ser, AGU, AGC; tRNA4-Ser, UCG; tRNA5-Ser, AGU, AGC; tRNA7-Ser, UCG. PMID- 803968 TI - The synergistic binding of anions and Fe3+ by transferrin. Implications for the interlocking sites hypothesis. AB - The finding that transferrin does not bind Fe3+ at the specific metal binding sites in the absence of carbonate and synergistic anions emphasizes the fundamental importance of the anion binding site to the chemistry of Fe3+ transferrin-CO32-. An important question regards the chemical and structural requirements for carbonate substitution. This has been, however, an area of some dispute in the literature. We have utilized four synthetic routes for the preparation of Fe3+-transferrin-anion complexes. The products have been examined with regard to spectral properties, and reaction with: (a) NaHCO3, (b) Fe3+ nitrilotriacetic acid in NaHCO3, and (c) sodium citrate under CO2-free conditions. The results provide information as to which anions are synergistic, and the basic properties of the Fe3+-transferrin-anion complexes that are formed. The 6 inorganic anions that were tested were all found to be nonsynergistic. Dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde were also nonsynergistic. Dicarboxylic acids were found to form stable Fe3+-transferrin-anion complexes which were only slowly displaced by carbonate. Several monocarboxylic acids with proximal aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, amino, or thiol functional groups proved to be synergistic. CPK molecular model studies suggested the functional group and the carboxylic acid must be able to fit within a site between 6.3 and 7.0 A in maximal length. One large substituent could be accommodated by the site, however, two methylgroups on the alpha carbon to a carboxylate group could not be accommodated. Chloroacetate and monocarboxylic acids were nonsynergistic. The results are interpreted in terms of an interlocking sites hypothesis which envisions the synergistic anion as interacting with the protein via its its carboxyl group and bonding with the Fe3+ via its proximal functional group. PMID- 803970 TI - The partial purification and properties of pig brain glycogen synthase. AB - Both the I (independent of glucose 6-phosphate) and D (dependent on glucose 6 phosphate) forms of glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose:glycogen alpha-4 glucosyltransferase EG 2.4.1.11) have been partially purified from pig brain and the kinetic constants of the enzymes have been examined. The Km for UDP-glucose for the I form increased from 0.11 to 0.5 mM when the temperature was raised from 25 to 37 degrees. When glucose 6-phosphate was present, the Km for UDP-glucose was decreased to 0.03 and 0.08 mM at 25 and 37 degrees, respectively. The amount of glucose 6-phosphate required to produce half-maximal stimulation decreased with increasing UDP-glucose concentration at both temperatures but increased with increasing temperature. The Km for glucose 6-phosphate at 0.03 and 0.20 mM UDP glucose was 0.13 and 0.10 mM, respectively, at 25 degrees. At 37 degrees and 0.125 and 4.0 mM UDP-glucose the Km for glucose 6-phosphate was 0.32 and 0.04 mM, respectively. The Km for UDP-glucose for the D form at 0.75, 2.0, and 10 mM glucose 6-phosphate was 0.71, 0.50, and 0.42 mM at 25 degrees. At higher temperatures the apparent affinity for the substrate was decreased; at 37 degrees, the Km for UDP-glucose at 0.75 and 2.0 nM glucose 6-phosphate was 5.75 and 1.42 mM, respectively. The requirement for glucose 6-phosphate was decreased when UDP-glucose concentrations were increased; at 0.5 and 5.0 mM UDP-glucose concentrations, the Km for glucose 6-phosphate was 22.7 and 1.82 mM at 25 degrees. As was the case with the I form, the apparent Km for glucose 6-phosphate increased at higher temperatures. At 37 degrees, the Km for glucose 6-phosphate at 0.5 and 5.0 mM UDP-glucose was 43.5 and 6.15 mM. The temperature coefficient for the maximum velocity was 10.1% per degree for synthase I and 8.5% per degree for synthase D between 25 and 37 degrees. The D form of synthase was calculated to be virtually inactive under normal physiological conditions with the substrate concentrations found in the brain. The enzymatic activity calculated for synthase I correlates well with the observed rate of incorporation of UDP-[U-14C]glucose into brain glycogen. PMID- 803969 TI - An analysis of the kinetic positions held by five enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The role of five enzymes essential to differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum has been analyzed by simulation studies and ranked with respect to their over-all effect on the conversion of glycogen to cellulose and trehalose in the later stages of differentiation. Their order is, in decreasing effectiveness, (a) glycogen phosphorylase, (b and c) cellulose and trehalose synthetase, (d) UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase and (e) glycogen synthetase. Glycogen phosphorylase controls the speed of differentiation, which can also be slightly modified by the level of glycogen synthetase. The cellulose and trehalose synthetases and UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase control the relative concentrations of trehalose and cellulose. The final trehalose to cellulose ratio is also affected by the speed of differentiation. Compensatory interaction between enzymes affecting the outcome of differentiation is also analyzed. PMID- 803971 TI - Lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase in human sphingolipidoses. Evidence for two genetically distinct enzymes. AB - In view of recent conflicting reports from two laboratories, activities of lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase were reinvestigated in detail in brains and livers of normal individuals and of patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy or GM1-gangliosidosis. Both sets of the apparently totally contradictory results were readily reproduced simply by using the different assay systems of the respective laboratories. With our own assay system, hepatic lactosylceramide beta galactosidase appeared deficient only in Gm1-gangliosidosis, while it appeared deficient only in globoid cell leukodystrophy when the assay system of Wenger et al. (Wenger, D.A., Sattler, M., Clark, D., and McKelvey, H. (1974) Clin. Chim. Acta 56, 199-206) was used. Analyses of individual constitutents in the two assay systems revealed their complex effects on measured activities of the enzyme. The findings were strongly indicative of the existence of two genetically distinct lactosylceramide-cleaving enzymes. One enzyme (lactosylceramidase I) may be identical with galactosylceramide betal-galactosidase, and the other (lactosylceramidase II) is closely related to nonspecific 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-galactosidase. Normal human brain contains mostly lactosylceramidase I, while normal liver contains predominantly lactosylceramidase II. Lactosylceramidase I is genetically lacking globoid cell leukodystrophy, and lactosylceramidase II in GM1-gangliosidosis. Lactosylceramidase I is activated by either pure or crude taurocholate and by oleic acid and is only slightly activated by chloride ions. Lactosylceramidase II is activated by crude taurocholate but not by pure taurocholate. As activators, oleic acid is less effective and chloride more effective than for lactosylceramidase I. Citrate phosphate buffer is more favorable to lactosylceramidase I than citrate buffer, while lactosylceramidase II responds in reverse. The standard assay system used by Wenger et al. determines almost exclusively lactosylceramidase I, while our own standard system is optimal for lactosylceramidase II and is less favorable for lactosylceramidase I. With a highly purified human hepatic beta-galactosidase preparation, exxentially free of galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity, lactosylceramide-cleaving activity determined by the Wenger system was less than 2 per cent of that determined by our system. If lactosylceramide beta balactosidase assays are to be used for diagnosis of globoid cell leukodystrophy, it is absolutely essential to use an appropriate assay system in order to avoid errors of serious consequences. PMID- 803972 TI - Modification of Escherichia coli membranes in the prereplicative phase of phage T4 infection. Specificity of association and quantitation of bound phage proteins. AB - Reinfection of Escherichia coli with the bacterial virus T4 causes modifications of the properties of the host cell envelope during the preeplicative phase of the lytic cycle. These changes include altered densities cell enveloped and their subfractions, morphological modifications of membrane vesicles, and association of newly synthesized proteins with the host cell envelope. Polypeptide analysis by high resolution electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels in dodecyl sulfate revealed that most of some 30 prereplicative phage-coded polypeptides are attached to this structure. Different means of cell disruption and selective extraction procedures, such as variations of ionic strength, removal of divalent cations, and the addition of chaotropic agents or detergents were used to study the characteristics of these attachments. Many proteins appeared to be artifactually absorbed or weakly bound to the envelope, Separation of cell walls from plasma membranes showed that all of the tightly bound proteins were associated withthe cell membrane fraction. The partitioning of phage proteins between the different fractions was monitored using 12 polypeptides which were identified as products of distinct phage genes. Of these, 8 were eliminated as potential membrane markers. Four polypeptides, the products of genes rIIA, rIIB, 39, and 52 were operationally defined as membrane proteins. The number of molecules of the 12 identified phage gene products, synthesized during a single lytic cycle, was determined. The results allowed the estimation of the concentration in the membrane of those proteins which were found to be quantitatively associated with that structure. Association of phage proteins with the cell envelope was found to be unaffected by mutations in any of the identified phage polypeptides. PMID- 803974 TI - Augmentation of thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following small decreases in serum thyroid hormone concentrations. AB - To determine whether slight decreases in serum thyroid hormone concentrations resulted in augmentation of the thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), TSH responses to TRH were determined before and after 13 days of iodide treatment in 20 normal subjects. Slight reductions in serum thyroxine (t4) and/or triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and slight increases in basal serum TSH concentrations occurred in normal subjects treated with 50 or 250 mg iodide daily, though serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations remained within their respective normal range. In contrast, TSH responses to TRH were significantly greater at the end of the iodide treatment period. In the subjects who received 50 mg iodide daily, mean basal serum TSH concentrations were 3.1 and 3.2 muU/ml before and 4.9 and 4.6 muU/ml after iodide. Post-TRH mean peak serum TSH concentrations were 14.2 muU/ml before and 27.4 muU/ml after iodide (P smaller than 0.01). A very similar augmentation of peak serum TSH was found in the subjects who received 250 mg iodide daily (before iodide, peak TSH 17.2 muU/ml; after iodide, peak TSH 28.7 muU/ml). No changes in serum T4, T3 or TSH concentrations or TSH responses to TRH followed iodide administration in 4 thyroxine-treated hypothyroid patients. These results indicate that slight reductions in serum T4 AND T3 concentrations result in increased pituitary sensitivity to TRH, just as small increases in serum T4 and T3 concentrations decrease sensitivity to TRH. PMID- 803973 TI - Two improved methods for preparing ferritin-protein conjugates for electron microscopy. AB - Two improved procedures were developed for activating ferritin so that the ferritin could be covalently linked to antibodies. One procedure involved use of a water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to prepare ferritin containing activated esters. The other involved activation of the ferritin with excess glutaraldehyde. The ferritin-antibody conjugates prepared with the two procedures were shown to have a number of properties which made them suitable for locating antigenic components in cells. PMID- 803975 TI - Low serum triiodothyronine in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - Patients with anorexia nervosa can demonstrate clinical and/or laboratory findings suggestive of reduced thyroid hormone secretion. In this study, the thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) serum concentrations, and thyrotropin (TSH) response to intravenous administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were determined in 6 patients (aged 9 to 15 yr) with anorexia nervosa and the results compared to those found in a group of 15 normal subjects. The mean basal TSH concentration and mean maximum increase in TSH after TRH were comparable to those in the normal subjects. The mean T4 concentration (7.2 mug/100 ml) in the anorexia nerovsa group was slightly but significantly lower than in the normal group (9.5 mug/100 ml). Five of the 6 patients had serum T3 concentrations below the lower limits of normal and the mean T3 concentrations (49.7 ng/100 ml) was significantly lower than in the normal group (106 ng/100 ml). The extremely low serum levels of T3 in these patients with anorexia nervosa suggest that peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is impaired during chronic starvation. PMID- 803977 TI - Fasting blunts the TSH response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). AB - Thyrotropin (TSH) responses to intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 9 men after 12 and 36-h fasts separated by more than a week and performed in random order. The TSH, basally and in response to TRH, was significantly lower after the 36-h fast compared to that after 12 h. The mechanism for this effect is not clear, but may be related to the altered hormonal or fuel status associated with prolonged fasting. PMID- 803976 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin release after injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with depression. AB - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the release of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) were investigated in patients with depression. Intravenous injection of synthetic TRH (500 mug) caused a significant increase in plasma GH (peak value: 7.7 minus 35.0 ng/ml) in 8 of 13 patients with mental depression. After clinical recovery these patients had no response of plasma GH to TRH. TRH administration did not raise plasma GH in normal subjects examined. Plasma PRL responses to TRH were significantly enchanced (P smaller than 0.05) in depressed patients compared with control subjects. Plasma TSH responses to TRH were significantly blunted in patients with depression (P smaller than 0.05). These results suggest disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary function in depression. PMID- 803978 TI - Studies on toxinogenesis in Vibrio cholerae. III. Characterization of nontoxinogenic mutants in vitro and in experimental animals. AB - Spontaneous and chemically induced mutants with reduced ability to produce cholera enterotoxin (choleragen) as an extracellular protein were isolated from Vibrio cholerae strains 569B Inaba, a classical cholera vibrio, and 3083-2 Ogawa, an El Tor vibrio. By qualitative and quantitative immunological assay in vitro such mutants could be separated into different classes characterized either by production of no detectable choleragen (tox minus), or of small quantities of extracellular choleragen, or of large quantities of cell-associated choleragen but little extracellular choleragen. Analysis of proteins in concentrated culture supernates by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels showed that cultures from tox minus strains lacked proteins with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding with choleragen or the spontaneously formed toxoid (choleragenoid). Infant rabbits infected with the tox minus strains remained asymptomatic or developed milder symptoms than rabbits infected with the tox+ parental strains. When symptoms of cholera developed after inoculation with tox minus mutants, detectable numbers of tox+ revertants could be isolated from the intestines of the infected animals. Two tox minus strains, designated M13 and M27, caused no sumptoms and showed no evidence of reversion to tox+ during single passage in infant rabbits, and mutant M13 also remained avirulent and stably tox minus during six cycles of serial passage in infant rabbits. Strains M13 and M27 were also noncholeragenic in acult rabbit ileal loops. Quantitative cultures of the intestines from infected infant rabbits demonstrated that the avirulent mutant M13 can multiply in vivo and can persist in the intestinal tract for at least 48 h. PMID- 803980 TI - Real-time imaging with a new ultrasonic camera: part II, preliminary studies in normal adults. AB - A new transmission ultrasound camera system has provided focused images in real time through the abdomen of adult volunteers at average incident sound intensity levels of less than 1 mW/cm-2. The camera uses a unique acousto-mechanical lens/deflection system and a linear array of piezoelectric transducers to detect the ultrasound image. BONY STRUCTURES AND COSTAL CARTILAGES WERE CLEARLY SEEN. The colon was regularly seen and the kidney could be outlined in several subjects. The stomach and duodenal bulb were demonstrated and peristalsis was observed using a barium contrast material. The camera has the potential of extending the use of ultrasound in clinical medicine by providing an ultrasound soft tissue imaging system analogous to an x-ray fluoroscope. The need for further clinical evaluation and research to improve the images is emphasized. PMID- 803979 TI - Bence Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins. XI. A transient Bence Jones-related protein associated with corticosteroid therapy. AB - Urine specimens from patients with multiple myeloma and Bence Jones proteinuria frequently contain low molecular weight proteins which correspond either to the amino-terminal, variant half (VL) or to the carboxyl-terminal, constant half (CL) of the Bence Jones protein. Analyses of urine specimens from such patients who had received high doses of corticosteroids as part of their treatment regimen revealed that concomitantly with a decrease in Bence Jones protein excretion was the appearance of a low molecular weight protein related to the Bence Jones protein but not identical to the VL or to the CL. Analyses of daily urine specimens obtained from one such patient over an extended time period revealed that a reproducible chain of events occurred during a treatment regimen which included oral administration of 75 mg of prednisone daily for 7 consecutive days. The amount of Bence Jones protein excreted decreased progressively, and by the 5th day was usually less than 10% of the pretreatment value. The urine specimen obtained on the 6th day of treatment was virtually devoid of Bence Jones protein but contained a newly appearing protein whose electrophoretic mobility was distinct from that of the Bence Jones protein or its VL or CL. Cessation of corticosteroid therapy resulted in a prompt disappearance of the new protein and in a progressive increase in the amount of Bence Jones protein excreted. The new protein was isolated from the urine of this patient and was purified for comparative studies with Bence Jones protein and with the VL and CL prepared by specific enzymatic cleavage of the Bence Jones protein. These studies revealed that the new protein was most related antigenically to the CL, but could be distinguished immunochemically from the CL. This new protein, a component found in vivo related to the constant half of the light polypeptide chain, was designated CL, and was structurally 25 amino acid residues longer than the CL, that is, the amino-terminus of the enzymatically prepared CL was at position 117 whereas that of the transitory new Bence Jones-related protein was at position 92 of the light polypeptide chain. Biosynthetic studies were performed with plasma cells derived from the bone marrow of this patient at a time when both the CL and the Bence Jones protein were being excreted; both proteins were identified in extracellular culture fluid by immunochemical techniques. Whether the CL is of synthetic or catabolic origin is presently not known; however, the detection of the CL and the absence of any detectable protein related to the VL in the extracellular culture fluid might imply a synthetic origin of the CL and suggest a corticosteroid-induced alteration in light chain synthesis. PMID- 803981 TI - Ultrasonic study of venous patterns in the right hypochondrium: an anatomical approach to differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. AB - Through real time ultrasonography, it is possible to display the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein, the vena porta, and the intrahepatic portal and systemic veins. In jaundice, it is of the utmost importance to carefully identify the vena porta before making a diagnosis of common bile duct enlargement. It is also necessary, when confronted with a pattern of apparently enlarged intrahepatic ducts, to conduct a thorough study of possible confluences of the ducts with the vena porta or vena cava to be certain that the ducts are not part of the portal or systemic venous network. Without such differentiation, portal enlargement caused by portal hypertension, systemic venous enlargement caused by cardiac insufficiency, or even nonpathological wide veins may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 803982 TI - Interatrial septum in B-mode and conventional echocardiograms - a clue for the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. AB - The interatrial septum was studied with B-mode echocardiography to determine whether there were specific ultrasonic features characteristic of such congenital heart diseases as atrial septal defect and endocardial cushion defect. In transverse tomograms in the third and fourth intercostal space the interatrial septum is detected almost parallel to the anterior chest wall. The septum continues leftward to the echo of the anterior mitral leaflet. When the interatrial septum extends beyond the left sternal border, it can also be recorded near the left sternal border in the sagittal tomogram. The interatrial septum can also be recorded by conventional echocardiography. The pattern is wavy and synchronous with the heart beat with an amplitude of about 10 mm. It is seen near the chest wall in patients with left atrial enlargement and far from the chest wall in patients with right atrial enlargement. The defect in the interatrial septum was visualized by B-mode and conventional echocardiogram in patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defect. The defects were no longer observed after surgery. PMID- 803983 TI - An historical review of ultrasonic investigations at the National Acoustic Laboratories. PMID- 803984 TI - Gray scale echography in the diagnosis of hydrops due to fetal lung tumor. PMID- 803985 TI - Real-time imaging with a new ultrasonic camera: part I, in vitro experimental studies on transmission imaging of biological structures. AB - Results are described of in vitro biological experimentation using a new through transmission ultrasonic camera system developed at the Stanford Research Institute. The camera system produces real-time focused, orthographic images of a 15 times 15 cm field. The in vitro studies, which demonstrate the diagnostic potential of the new technique, include transmission images of selected excised organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, and uterus. In addition, preliminary studies evaluating ultrasonic image quality and the effect of out-of-focus structures are discussed. PMID- 803986 TI - A method for checking the registration of contact B-scanners. AB - The use of an ultrasonic delay line and mechanical arm as a means of checking the registration of contact B-scanners is described. The principle of operation is applicable to any make of equipment. The amount of misregistration can be assessed, and discontinuities or departures from the normal can be demonstrated in the transducer position sensing system. As an added benefit it is a rapid means of checking both picture size and the accuracy of electronic markers. PMID- 803987 TI - A new system for rapid review of clinical studies and more efficient group teaching in ultrasound. AB - Asystem using television in a convenient format is described. Its applications include rapid, convenient review of studies by clinicians and efficient presentation of data to groups of ultrasound trainees. The videotape capability of unit allows production of teaching aids for sharing with other labs. PMID- 803988 TI - A removable ultrasonic collimator for improving resolution. AB - A removable ultrasonic collimator is described. It could be easily attached to a general purpose transducer to improve resolution on ultrasound study of superficial small organs. The collimator is made of a small central focusing lens, 6 mm in diameter, surrounded by air. The air insulates the peripheral portion of the transducer surface. ONLY THE CENTRAL ULTRASONIC BEAM WOULD BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE LENS. As a result, the ultrasonic beam is narrowed and the resolution is improved. Draw-back of the collimator is a reduction in the ultrasound intensity. However, it can be compensated for by increasing either the transducer output or system gain. PMID- 803989 TI - Ultrasound efficacy in evaluation of lower genitourinary tract anomalies. PMID- 803990 TI - Left atrial thrombus detected by ultrasound - a case report. PMID- 803991 TI - Ultrasound physics for the physician. A brief review. AB - The field of clinical ultrasound has exploded with new instrumentation, and has far surpassed the number of trained personnel available for the sophisticated interpretation required. Many physicians today are being required to become proficient in the field without any formal training. This review is provided to aid the physician in the understanding of the basic physics of ultrasound. PMID- 803992 TI - Development potentialities of marrow tissue culture cells surviving programmed freezing. AB - Monkey bone marrow cells that had undergone programmed freezing in liquid nitrogen were cultured for two weeks and then were implanted autogenously within millipore filter chambers. Marrow tissue was formed from this cellular implantation. This tissue appeared similar to mature marrow consisting of hematopoietic as well as connective tissue elements. PMID- 803994 TI - [Regulation of nitrogenase biosynthesis in microorganisms]. PMID- 803993 TI - [The molecular basis for the effects of high energy hadrons and the results of biological experiments in space]. PMID- 803995 TI - [Assimilation of hydrocarbon components of natural gas by monocultures of bacteria and artificial combinations of them]. PMID- 803996 TI - Selenium and chromium in human nutrition. PMID- 803998 TI - Identification and some properties of rat secretory component. AB - An antiserum, prepared against partially reduced and alkylated rat milk SIgA, was shown to contain antibodies reacting with a rat milk protein of alpha-2 mobility, which possessed antigenic determinants common with SIaA, eluted from Sephadex G 200 at the same position as mammalian secretory components, and could be released from rat SIgA by mild reduction and alkylation. This protein, called rat secretory component, was also detected in saliva, tears and urine. Rat free secretory component (FSC) possessed antigenic determinants which were inaccessible in rat SIgA, as found in other species. In vitro, ra FSC combined with rat serum polymeric IgA or IgM, but not with monomeric IgA or IgG. These data emphasize the many similarities between the human and rat SIgA systems. PMID- 803997 TI - Mental decline in the elderly: pharmacotherapy (ergot alkaloids versus papaverine). AB - This is the first double-blind study in outpatients to evaluate the effectiveness of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (DEA) (Hydergine) versus papaverine in the treatment of selected symptoms associated with mental aging. In addition, this is the first study comparing these two pharmacologic agents in relatively young geriatric patients, with a mean age in the mid-sixties. After twelve weeks of treatment, ratings of overall clinical condition and global change showed that the 26 patients given DEA improved more than twice as much as the 27 patients given papaverine. Of the 14 individual symptoms rated, 13 improved significantly more in the DEA group than in the papaverine group. These symptoms included confusion, dizziness, unsociability, depressive mood, and mental alertness. Other data confirmed the generally superior results with DEA. In view of its demonstrated beneficial clinical actions and of its notable scarcity of contraindications or side effects, DEA appears to represent a significant pharmacologic contribution to the care of elderly persons showing selected symptoms of mental and functional decline. PMID- 803999 TI - Phylogeny of complement components in non-human primates. AB - The antigenic properties and functional activities of complement components were analyzed in primates to determine their relative evolutionary development. The sera of eight different sub-human primate species were examined by double diffusion in agar and compared to a pool of human serum with rabbit and goat antisera to human complement components Clq, Cls, C4, C2 C3, C5, C6, C8, C9, properdin, factor B (B), and C1 inhibitor. There are no apparent antigenic differences in complement proteins between man and the apes except for C1q. Old world monkeys are antigenically deficient in Clq,C1s, C9, and variably deficient in C4, C3, and C8. New World monkeys are antigenically deficient in all components (measured) except C5, C6, and properdin factor B. Prosimians are antigenically deficient in all components. Functional analyses of complement components showed similar levels in man and primates, except in prosimians. There is a dissociation between hemolytic assays and antigenic analyses, suggesting that functional sites may be separate from antigenic sites. PMID- 804000 TI - Effective immunity to dental caries: protection of gnotobiotic rats by local immunization with Streptococcus mutans. AB - Gnotobiotic rats injected in the submandibular region with killed, whole Streptococcus mutans cells developed salivary antibodies directed to this microorganism. Increased levels of salivary IgA and inhibition and augmentation of agglutinin titers with anti-rat alpha-antiglobulin suggested that these antibodies were of the immunoglobulin A class. Furthermore, the rats monoinfected and immunized with homologous organisms always had lower mean caries scores than monoinfected, non-immunized rats. This reduction was evident in carious lesions on the buccal surfaces of molars and in those in sulcal areas. These results suggest that local immunization with whole S. mutans cells stimulates a specific salivary IgA response protective against caries resulting from S. mutans infection. PMID- 804001 TI - Immunochemistry of an acidic antigen isolated from a Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Staphylococcus aureus, strain 7007, was shown to possess an anti-phagocytic surface antigen. This surface antigen was separated from the species-specific teichoic acid by a combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Bio-Gel filtration. Chemical analyses indicated that the 7007 surface antigen consisted of aminomannuronic acid and fucosamine. Immunochemical analyses suggested that this polymer, although consisting of the same components as the staphylococcal T antigen described by Wu and Park was, in fact, immunologically distinct from the T-antigen. Antibodies directed against the surface antigen were isolated from anti-7007 rabbit serum by affinity chromatography. These antibodies were shown to belong to the IgG class of immunoglobulins and were effective in enhancing in vitro phagocytosis of 7007 cells by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 804002 TI - The primary structure of a human lambda II chain. AB - The human myeloma protein Boh (gamma 2, lambda) was isolated and completely reduced and aminoethylated. The light chain was obtained by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 in 4 M guanidine HC1. The amino-terminal sequence on the blocked light chain could be determined by automatic sequence degradation after PCAase treatment. Twenty-one peptides were isolated from a tryptic digest and 12 peptides from a chymotryptic digest. The sequence determination on these peptides was performed by automatic sequencing methods. The light chain of Boh protein belongs to the lambda II subgroup. Unique substitutions have been found at position 8 (Arg) and position 62 (Tyr). Furthermore, the Boh light chain has six cysteine residues, the additional (sixth) cysteine being adjacent to the invariable intrachain-S-S linking cysteine at position 91. Sequence comparison of lambda II proteins reveals a high degree of homology emphasizing the biologic significance of the hypervariable region sequences; PMID- 804003 TI - Evidence for the absence of noncovalent bonds in the Fcmu region of IgM. AB - IgM isolated from the sera of five patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was subjected to tryptic digestion at 60 degrees C. The Fc5mu fragments recovered from the digests were reduced by 0.05 M cysteine and alkylated by iodoacetamide, producing large quantities of an Fcmu fragment having a sedimentation velocity (see article) of 2.9S and a molecular weight of 33,500 by sedimentation equilibrium in neutral buffer. Further studies on the Fcmu fragment from one of the proteins demonstrated that it was not dissociated into smaller fragments by 5 M guanidine-HC1, even after reduction with 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol in 5 M guanidine at pH 7.5. The number of sulfhydryl groups released by the latter treatment indicated the presence of two intrachain disulfide bonds. These observations provide evidence that this portion of the mu-chain demonstrates minimal noncovalent interactions. Tryptic digestion of the Fcmu fragment at 37 degrees C resulted in the production of several lower molecular weight fractions. The three major fractions demonstrated apparent molecular weights of 21,000, 13,800 and 6800 by sedimentation equilibrium in 5 M guanidine-HC1. The latter fraction (fraction C) had no detectable carbohydrate and consisted of two disulfide-bonded peptides having molecular weights of approximately 3800 and 2200. Studies on the amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequences indicated that fraction C was derived from the Cmu4 homology region and consisted of residues 468 through 546 of the mu-chain with the tryptic peptides encompassing residues 492 through 514 missing. PMID- 804004 TI - Rabbit Peyer's patches, appendix, and popliteal lymph node B lymphocytes: a comparative analysis of their membrane immunoglobulin components and plasma cell precursor potential. AB - We have characterized and compared the differentiative potential of B lymphocytes obtained from rabbit appendix (APP), Peyer's patches (PP), and popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) by immunofluorescence analysis of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) components, by radioiodination of membrane components followed by isolation and identification of cell surface Ig, and by cell transfer studies. As assessed by cell transfer lymphoid cells from PP and APP appear to be highly enriched sources of IgA plasma cell precursors. In addition, these populations of lymphocytes have a small but significant potential to give rise to IgM and IgG plasma cells. In contrast, as shown previously (1), lymphocytes from PLN have a comparatively small potential to generate IgA plasma cells. The ability of cells from PLN and PP to give rise to plasma cells is correlated with the presence of 35 to 38% of lymphocytes from both sources having membrane light chain determinants detectable by immunofluorescent staining. When the cells were stained directly for mu chain determinants, about 33% of PLN cells and 28% of PP cells were positive. These latter percentages were shown to reflect cells bearing both endogenously synthesized b4 light chain and mu heavy chain. By indirect immunofluorescence, alpha and gamma chain determinants were also detected on PP and PLN cells; however, these Ig did not appear to be products of the cells which bore them as they were not regenerated after removal of Pronase. It was further demonstrated that purified rabbit copro-sIgA and colostral sIgA are cytophilic for PP and PLN cells. The results are discussed with respect to the origin of IgA plasma cells and the postulated bursal role of mammalian gut-associated lymphoid tissue. PMID- 804005 TI - IgG on lymphocyte surfaces; technical problems and the significance of a third cell population. AB - Direct immunofluorescence performed with the F(ab)2 fragment of rabbit antibodies to IgG revealed that membrane bound IgG was only rarely found on the surface of small peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In contrast whole antibodies to IgG used in fluorescence gave much higher levels of cells with IgG surface staining. This staining resulted from secondary IgG binding, in part due to the uptake of newly formed immune complexes. IgM-and IgD-bearing cells were brightly stained in relatively similar percentages by both the whole and F(ab)2 forms of the class specific antibodies; they constitute the principal membrane Ig of PBL. Evidence was obtained indicating that a special population of cells with Fc receptors but lacking membrane Ig was primarily involved in the high IgG binding. This population also formed sheep erythrocyte rosettes when optimal conditions were utilized. PMID- 804006 TI - Control of J chain biosynthesis in relation to heavy and light chain synthesis, polymerization and secretion. AB - Mouse myeloma tumors and some variants derived from them were labeled in vitro with tritiated leucine and the radioactive J chain was assayed in cell lysates by precipitation with an antiserum specific for mouse J chain. The major findings were: 1) J chain can be found in an IgG2b-secreting cells (MPC-11). These data, together with previous findings suggest that cells secreting all classes of IgG synthesize J chain, even though there is no apparent requirement for J chain in assembly of the IgG molecule. Hence production of J chain does not depend upon secretion of a polymeric immunoglobulin. 2) Intracellular J chain can be found in myeloma variants that do not produce heavy chains showing that production of J chain may not coordinately be linked to the synthesis of heavy chain. 3) J chain was found in cells synthesizing, but not secreting, immunoglobulin. Thus production of J chain is not linked to secretion of immunoglobulin. 4) J chain could not be detected in plasma cells that do not produce immunoglobulins. It was also not found in mouse leukemic cells, suggesting that production of J chain is probably linked in some way to immunoglobulin production. PMID- 804007 TI - Non-T cell-mediated cytolysis of antibody-coated sheep red blood cells requires Mg++ but not Ca++: An argument against a conventional "stimulus-secretion" mechanism for cytolysis. AB - "Stimulus-secretion" processes, and notably those in which the stimulus is provided by the formation of an antigen-antibody complex at the cell surface, require the presence of external Ca++. To test the possiblity that effector cells, in non-T cell mediated cytolysis, might be triggered to release a cytolytic product by a similar mechanism, we investigated the requirements of this phenomenon for divalent cations. We found that Ca++ is not sufficient, not necessary, and not inhibitory, whereas Mg++ is necessary and sufficient. Other cations were tested, and we found that Mn++ behaved like Mg++. The Ca++ data suggest that no conventional "stimulus-secretion" process is operative in non-T cell mediated cytolysis of antibody-coated sheep red blood cells. PMID- 804008 TI - Pathogenesis of experimental allergic uveitis induced by retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium. AB - Experimental allergic unveitis (EAU) was produced in strain 13 guinea pigs after immunization with purified guinea pig retinal rod outer segments and pigment epithelium (PE) in mycobacterial adjuvant emulsion. The lesions of EAU appear as inflammatory infiltrates of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, often with photorecptor degeneration. Specific antibodies are frequently detected in the serum of some but not of all animals with clinical uveitis. Immunohistochemical staining of normal and inflamed eyes with serum from the immunized animals with clinical disease demonstrated specific antigens localized in the retinal photoreceptor layers, whether or not circulating precipitating antibodies were also present in the serum. All immunized animals demonstrated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) characterized by skin reactions of mononuclear cells and by the vitro inhibition of migration of cells from the sensitized animals in the presence of specific antigen whether or not clinical uveitis occurred. However, stronger DTH reactions were observed during clinical uveitis. Cellular immunity appears to correlate with clinical EAU, whereas, no correlation was found with serum antibody. These findings suggest that the retinal photoreceptor cell and PE are the source of the significant antigens in autoimmune uveitis and retinitis. PMID- 804009 TI - Transplantable immunoglobulin-secreting tumors in rats. VI. N-terminal sequence variability in LOU/C/Wsl rat monoclonal heavy chains. AB - Most of the spontaneous ileocecal immunocytomas of LOU/C/Wsl strain rats secrete large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Amino acid sequence studies were undertaken on the heavy chains of 13 of these proteins and on pooled heavy chains from LOU rats to define the structural variability in the amino terminal region of the rat heavy chain. Characteristic VHIII sequences were found in both the myeloma proteins and the heavy chains from the pool. The data confirm previous conclusions concerning the rat VHIII subgroup that had been derived from studies of pooled heavy chains from Sprague-Dawley rats. In particular phylogenetically associated residues, identical to those previously determined in the Sprague Dawley pool, were found in the LOU/C/Wsl rat myeloma proteins. There were two unexpected findings: 1) hypervariability at position 16 of the rat VHIII myelomas as contrasted with more than 90% glycine in the pool, and 2) a striking homology of one rat myeloma heavy chain with the variable region of the MOPC 315 mouse alpha-chain. The findings show that the rat myeloma system provides useful proteins for sequence analysis but indicate that some sequence pattern differences can be detected between the myeloma proteins and pooled immunoglobulins from this species. PMID- 804010 TI - A vaccination procedure against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice by nonspecific immunization. PMID- 804011 TI - Amyloid fibril protein related to immunoglobulin lambda-chains. AB - Amyloid fibrils, isolated from the spleen of a patient with primary amyloidosis, had an N-terminal sequence showing a high degree of homology with lambda Bence Jones proteins. Anti-serum prepared to the amyloid protein detected a soluble factor, antigenically identical to the isolated fibril preparation. PMID- 804012 TI - A comparison of differenct extracts of Candida albicans in agar gel double diffusion techniques. AB - A preliminary comparative study, by 4 independent groups, of certain extracts of Candida albicans, showed variation in their antigenicity. Different agar gel double diffusion tests were used by each group; two groups used micro-methods and two used macro-methods. The number of positive precipitin reactions detected by these methods was shown to vary greatly. PMID- 804014 TI - A radioactive antibody binding-inhibition assay, for the detection of cell membrane related antigens in body fluids. AB - Antisera raised in rabbits against glutaraldehyde-fixed human breast cancer cells contain antibodies to human cell membrane components, as determined by immunofluorescence. Adsorption of such antisera onto polymerized human serum, followed by acid elution, yields purified antibodies reacting with human cell surface antigens, indicating that membrane related antigens are present in the serum. The purified antibodies were radioiodinated and shown to bind to an immunoadsorbent prepared by entrapping in a polyacrylamide gel pleural exudate of breast cancer patients. The specificity of the binding was confirmed by inhibition experiments. Data are presented demonstrating that at least some of the antibodies reacting in this radioimmunoassay are directed against antigens related to cell surface components. PMID- 804013 TI - Measurement of kappa:lambda light chain ratios by haemagglutination techniques. AB - Haemagglutination techniques are described for quantitating kappa:lambda ratios in human immunoglobulin. The techniques have been evaluated using monoclonal light chains from myeloma patients, but are applicable to a variety of clinical situations. PMID- 804015 TI - Sensitization potentials and immunologic specificities of neomycins. AB - The use of sensitization indices for expressing allergenic skin reactions in guinea pigs is described. The method is convenient for comparing allergens and cross-reacting substances and permits the use of both irritating and nonirritating challenge concentrations of allergens. It also permits determination of both optimal reading time and challenge concentrations for each experiment. By this technique commercial neomycin complex, neamine (neomycin A), neomycin B, neomycin C, and streptomycin were found to be allergenic in guinea pigs via intradermal (id) and foot-pad (fp) immunizations. The immunizing emulsion consisted of an allergen and an adjuvant containing Mycobacterium butyricum (MB) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Ra). The adjuvant MB was as effective as Ra by the id route, but inferior to Ra by the fp route. The cross reactivity of neomycin C was generally greater than neomycin B in guinea pigs sensitized to neamine, neomycin B, neomycin C, or streptomycin. In guinea pigs sensitized to neomycin complex by repeated immunizations, neomycins A, B, and C were effective elicitors of skin reactions, whereas the N-acetylated derivatives of the components failed to cause reactions. This finding is interpreted to mean that the amino groups of the aminoglycosides are the coupling sites to host proteins in the processes of sensitization and elicitation of skin reactions in vivo. PMID- 804016 TI - Role of macrophages in Wesselsbron and Germiston virus infections of mice. AB - Mice develop age-dependent resistance to intraperitoneal infection with Wesselsbron virus, but not with Germiston virus. This resistance correlates with the capacity of peritoneal macrophages from older mice rapidly inacativated the infectivity of Wesselsbron virus, whereas Germiston virus replicated in these cells. Peritoneal macrophages from older mice protected cell cultures against Wesselsbron virus infection, but macrophages from newborn mice did not. Electron microscopic observations suggested that Wesselsbron virus was actively phagocytosed by macrophages, whereas Germiston virus entered the cells by other means and thus, presumably, circumvented the normal killing mechanisms of these cells. Germiston virus may also have directly impaired these killing functions, however, in that the ability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed Diplococcus pneumonaie was significantly less after macrophages were exposed to the virus. PMID- 804018 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin sulfate in bronchial secretions. AB - Dogs were used as a model for the study of the rate of appearance, peak concentrations, and rate of clearance of gentamicin sulfate in bronchial secretions. Gentamicin (dose, 1.7 mg/kg) was given by rapid intravenous infusion, by intramuscular injection, or as two divided intramuscular injections with a 4 hr interval. Intravenous infusion resulted in the highest bronchial concentrations of gentamicin, but the drug was cleared from the respiratory secretions in approximately 3 hr. In contrast, intramuscular injections gave low but more sustained bronchial leves of the drug. The time during which bronchial gentamicin concentrations exceeded a particular minimal inhibitory concentration for a susceptible bacterium such as Pseudomonas was related to the method of drug administration. Thus, to achieve the maximal antibiotic effectiveness, the minimal inhibitory concentraiton of gentamicin for the microorganism should be considered when the dose or frequency of parenteral gentamicin is prescribed. PMID- 804017 TI - The effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. III. Bacteriolysis induced by extracts of different leukocyte populations and the inhibition of lysis by macromolecular substances. AB - The lysis of 14C-labeled bacteria by hydrolases of human and rabbit leukocytes was studied in vitro. While Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus mutans were highly susceptible to lysis, Staphylococcus auresus was intermediate in its susecptibility to lysis by the leukocyte enzymes. Group A Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium smegmatis were very resistant to degradation by these enzymes. The lytic activity of leukocyte lysates from human and rabbit blood was probably due to acid hydrolases of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Extracts of human blood monocytes and of rabbit peritoneal and lung macrophages were less lytic for the bacteria tested. Lymphocytes and platelet extracts were not bacteriolytic. The lytic effect of the leukocyte lysates was not inhibited by KCN or sodium azide, but was abolished to a large extent by cationic polyelectrolytes such as protamine sulfate, histone and leukocyte cationic proteins, and poly-lysine, as well as by the anionic polyelectrolytes such as heparin, chondroitin sulfate, DNA, carrageenin, alginate sulfate, dextran sulfate, and ploy-L-glutamic acid. Other potent inhibitors of bacteriolysis were trypan blue, congo red, phosphatidic acid, normal immunoglobulins, and components of streptococcal cell wall. PMID- 804020 TI - Sarcocystis fusiformis infection in the coyote (Canis latrans). AB - Of 150 fecal samples from coyotes from northern Utah and southern Idaho, 21 contained coccidian sporocysts. These were found singly, contained four sporozoites and a granular residuum, and averaged 16.9 x 10.9 mum in size. None of four lambs inoculated with these sporocysts showed clinical signs of disease, and no parasites were found in their tissues. One calf inoculated with 135,000 sporocysts and another inoculated with 720,000 sporocysts eventually became unable to rise from recumbency. One was killed after 43 days; the other died at 50 days. Both calves had a mild mononuclear cell infiltration into the connective tissue adjacent to vessels in the heart, other striated muscles, kidney, and liver, and a moderate lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen and lymph nodes. Schizonts were observed in a lymph node, and young sarcocysts were observed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Four coyotes fed bovine heart infected with Sarcocystis passed sporulated sporocysts in their feces that were indistinguishable from those in the fecal samples from Utah and Idaho. PMID- 804019 TI - Thyroxine binding by hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Thyroxine and triiodothyronine binding sites are present on the 20-nm spherical particles associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thyroxine-treated HBsAg has a buoyant density of 1.26 g/cm-3 in CsCl and appears under the electron microscope as a hexagonal particle with a center-to-vertex distance of 10 nm. These results provoke questions concerning the origin of thyroid hormone binding sites on HBsAg and a possible relationship between thyroid status and HBsAg antigenemia in humans. PMID- 804021 TI - Computer surveillance of shifts in the gross patient flora during hospitalization. AB - Data accumulating routinely in a hospital microbiology laboratory were computer plotted according to the number of days the patient had been in the hospital when each culture was obtained. The rate at which patients were cultured fell slightly during hospitalization, while the rate at which isolates were obtained from them increased gradually. For some species, such as Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, isolation rates changed little during hospitalization. They rose as much as sevenfold for other species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens, or for a particular antibiotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae while it was an endemic nosocomial problem. These differences persisted after deletion of repeat isolates from the same patient. They appeared to reflect general shifts in composition of patient flora during hospitalization. These shifts paralleled shifts in infecting flora as represented by similar plots of isolates from blood cultures. PMID- 804022 TI - Infection with Chlamydia group A in men with urethritis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Men with urethritis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae were treated with gentamicin, which is inactive against Chlamydia. Urethral specimens were collected before treatment and one and two weeks after treatment and cultured for Chlamydia in irradiated McCoy cells. The overall incidence of chlamydial infection was 15 of 44 (34%). All of 15 Chlamydia-positive men and 11 of 29 Chlamydia-negative men (38%) developed postogonococcal urethritis two weeks after treatment. Pre treatment sera were examined by a complement fixation test and a simplified indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) test with a yolk sac-cultured antigen, strain SA2)f). Sera from all of 15 Chlamydia-positive men had titers of larger than or equal to 1:16 in the indirect FA test; 13 of 29 Chlamydia-negative men (45%) had positive tests. The complement fixation test was insensitive, detecting chlamydial antibodies in only one of 15 sera from Chlamydia-positive men. These results suggest that Chlamydia may cause many cases of postgonococcal urethritis. PMID- 804023 TI - Susceptibility of Anaerobic bacteria to carbenicillin, cefoxitin, and related drugs. AB - The agar dilution technique was used for determination of the bacteriostatic activity of carbenicillin, penicillin G, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, and cephalothin agaomst a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Carbenicillin showed a high level of activity at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 100 mug/ml; only five of 123 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, one strain of Bifidobacterium eriksonii, and one strain of Clostridium bifermentans were resistant to a concentration of larger than or equal to 100 mug/ml. Cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase resistant drug, was highly active against B. fragilis and most other anaerobes at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 32 mug/ml; the exceptions were one strain of Bacteroides species and 13 of 28 strains of Clostridium species. The other cephalosporins were less active against B. fragilis but exhibited good activity against most of the other strains tested. Bactericidal concentrations of cefoxitin and cephalothin were determined for 51 selected strains by the broth dilution technique, and the activities of these drugs were compared with those of two other drugs (clindamycin and metronidazole) known to be very active against anaerobes. Metronidazole wasthe most consistently bactericidal of the four drugs tested for this activity. PMID- 804024 TI - Interaction of toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae with phagocytes from susceptible and resistant species. AB - The interaction of the toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae with leukocytes from sensitive and resistant animal species was examined by determining the ability of toxin to inhibit protein synthesis by several types of phagocytic cell. Small amounts of toxin (25 minimal lethal doses) impaired protein synthesis in both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells from humans and guinea pigs, whereas large amounts (2,000 minimal lethal doses) were required for minimal inhibition of mouse phagocytes. Peritoneal macrophages from hyperimmunized guinea pigs exhibited the same high degree of sensitivity to diphtheria toxin as did those from unimmunized animals. Prolonged incubation with toxin resulted in a 75% reduction in phagocytosis of polystyrene latex spheres but had no effect on transport of the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose by guinea pig macrophages. Thus phagocytic cells, although they are endowed with a high level of phagocytic cell appear to reflect the native resistance or sensitivity of the host species of origin. PMID- 804025 TI - Rapid detection and identification of enteric bacteria from blood cultures. AB - The BACTEC radiometric system and Inolex Enteric I card were used in conjunction for the rapid detection and presumptive identification of enteric gram-negative rods in blood cultures. Excellent correlation was obtained between the Inolex card and routine identification techniques when organisms from both artificially inoculated and clinical blood cultures were studied. In many instances, the culture report was available less than 24 hr after receipt of the specimen. PMID- 804026 TI - Letter: Clinical diphtheria from nontoxigenic Corynebacterium? PMID- 804027 TI - Effect of plasma, steroids, or steroid products on the adhesion of human opsonized thrombocytes to human leukocytes. AB - An in vitro system was designed in which human thrombocytes were opsonized with rabbit antihuman platelet antibody and incubated with human leukocytes in EDTA plasma in order to measure opsonized platelet-leukocyte adhesion. Antiplatelet antibody opsonization enhanced platelet-leukocyte adhesion 2.6-fold over control nonopsonized platelets in 50 out of 56 experiments. A plasma factor was found necessary for the support of opsonized platelet-leukocyte adhesion. This factor was EDTA-stable, heat labile, and labile to freezing and thawing. Hydrocortisone at 10-2 M was extremely effective in preventing opsonized platelet-leukocyte adhesion in 11 out of 14 experiments (2 S.D. below test-control value). Plasmas from 23 different patients ingesting 20 to 120 mg. of prednisone per day, were also tested. Seventeen out of 23 (74 per cent) did not support opsonized platelet leukocyte adhesion at in vivo steroid concentrations of 10-6 M. Dilutions of 6 of these plasma samples with pooled normal plasma from 8- to 16-fold were still incapable of supporting opsonized platelet-leukocyte adhesion, whereas higher dilutions were capable. "Nonsteroid" plasma from 9 out of 17 (53 per cent) hospitalized "sick" patients were also incapable of supporting opsonized platelet leukocyte adhesion. "Steroid plasma" from 5 out of 6 patients with severe thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to steroid treatment, did support leukocyte adhesion of opsonized platelets. It is concluded that a plasma factor is required for opsonized platelet-leukocyte adhesion. A steroid metabolite or byproduct factor is capable of inhibiting the adhesion of antibody-coated human platelets to leukocytes at an in vivo "steroid" concentration of 10-7 M. This factor does not appear to be present in most patients refractory to steroid treatment for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 804028 TI - Induction of blastokinin synthesis by R 2323 in ovariectomized rabbits. PMID- 804029 TI - The interaction in vitro between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultivated in the chick embryo. AB - Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the allantoic cavity of 10-day chick embryos ensured the following necessary properties for subsequent quantitive in vitro phagocytosis studies of viable gonococci: log phase of growth, resistance to the cidal effect of fresh human serum, maintenance of colonial type, and absence of clumping. Employing a modification of the Maaloe technique, phagocytosis of log-phase type 1 and 2 gonococci by human PMN leukocytes did not occur in the presence or absence of serum. These findings indicate that log-phase type 1 and 2 gonococci possess antiphagocytic surface factors Stationary-phase organisms of the same colonial type were ingested and rapidly killed by human PMN leukocytes under similar experimental conditions, thus emphasizing the necessity to employ log-phase gonococci in the study of phagocytosis and antiphagocytic surface factors. Log-phase type 4 gonococci were ingested and rapidly killed by human PMN leukocytes in the presence of fresh human serum but not heat inactivated serum or in the absence of serum. Morphologic studies demonstrated that log-phase viable gonococci attach to the surface membrane of human PMN leukocytes. Interiorization of avirulent but not virulent organisms was observed in the presence of fresh human serum. Gonococci-human PMN leukocyte interactions thus provide a model for the investigation of the nonimmunologic and immunologic parameters associated with the attachment and ingestion stages of phagocytosis. PMID- 804031 TI - Occlusion of the internal carotid artery associated with mandibular fracture. PMID- 804032 TI - Transmission of Plasmodium cynomolgi to Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. PMID- 804030 TI - Superoxide production by phagocytic leukocytes. AB - Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes, as well as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, produce and release superoxide at rest, and this is stimulated by phagocytosis. Of the mouse monocytic cells studied, alveolar macrophages released the largest amounts of superoxide during phagocytosis, followed by normal peritoneal macrophages. Casein-elicited and "activated" macrophages released smaller quantities. In the guinea pig, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and casein-elicited macrophages were shown to release superoxide during phagocytosis whereas alveolar macrophages did not. Superoxide release accounted for only a small fraction of the respiratory burst of phagocytosis in all but the normal mouse peritoneal macrophage, the guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocyte, and probably the mouse alveolar macrophage. There are obviously considerable species differences in O2 release by various leukocytes that might reflect both the production and/or destruction (e.g. by dismutase) of that substance. PMID- 804033 TI - Hematozoa from Colorado birds. V. Anseriformes. PMID- 804034 TI - Induction of hepatic carbonic anhydrase by estrogen. AB - Carbonic anhydrase activity was determined in livers of rats treated with estrogen and/or progesterone. When mature female rats were treated with beta estradiol (100 mug daily) for 3 days followed by progesterone (25 mg daily) for 2 days, there was a 2-fold increase in hepatic carbonic anhydrase activity. Either hormone alone produced no change. With 21 days treatment, however, estrogen but not progesterone caused a 4-fold increase in hepatic carbonic anhydrase. Similar results were obtained when ovariectomized rats were treated with estrogen or progesterone. The male rat contained a mixture of isoenzymes of which only 20 percent of enzyme was sensitive and the remainder refractory to inhibition by sulfonamides. Castration yielded 70 percent of enzyme sensitive, whereas castration plus progesterone yielded enzyme totally sensitive to sulfonamides without any change in total activity of hepatic carbonic anhydrase. Estrogen treatment of male rats yielded not only 100 percent sensitive enzyme but also caused a 2-fold increase in hepatic carbonic anhydrase. It is concluded that estrogen induces hepatic carbonic anhydrase of the sulfonamide-sensitive type in both males and females. This isoenzyme is normally present in female rats, but in males it replaces the sulfonamide-resistant type normally identified. PMID- 804035 TI - Behavioral activities and cardiovascular functions. II. Effects of sustained static work in squirrel monkeys. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in unanesthetized squirrel monkeys trained to sustain for 20 seconds a forceful downward pull on an inverted T-bar. The MABP change during the strong static contraction of skeletal muscles involved in the pull was polyphasic, consisting of a brief initial rise and fall followed by a rise to a level above resting values which was sustained. At the end of the pull, the pressure fell transiently below the resting level. HR was elevated throughout the pull, returning towards the resting value in the minute following the pull. After hexamethonium, which reduced the resting MABP from about 120 mm Hg to about 80 mm Hg, the fall in MABP following the initial rise was enhanced, the level sustained through the pull was less than the resting level, and MABP fell still lower following the end of the pull. Phentolamine caused similar changes. Hexamethonium reduced the resting HR and abolished the HR changes during pulling. Raising the MABP after hexamethonium with phenylephrine further enhanced the falls in pressure during and following the pull. It is concluded that the polyphasic MABP changes to pulling involve direct mechanical effects of contracting skeletal muscle (responsible for the initial rise and contributing to the sustained rise), sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge (contributing to the sustained rise and opposing the falls in MABP during and after the pull) and vasodilatation in active skeletal muscle (opposing the sustained rise during the pull and causing the fall after the pull). Although the participation of these factors in cardiovascular responses to exercise are generally well recognized, comparison of the patterns of response in rhesus and squirrel monkeys reveals large quantitative differences in the contributions of different factors and emphasizes again the caution that should be exercised in inferring direct environmental, emotional or conditioning effects on cardiovascular function. PMID- 804037 TI - Efficiency of filber feeding in two species of Tetrahymena. AB - Rates of removal of suspended India ink particles from the surrounding medium by 2 ciliates, Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL and Tetrahymena vorax strain V2S, have been measured. It is evident from the results that the food vacuoles concentrate the suspended particles, clearing a volume of the surrounding suspension fluid 500 times greater than the total volume of food vacuoles made during the same period of time. PMID- 804036 TI - The effect of thyrocalcitonin and growth hormones on bone metabolism. AB - The use of the hormone, thyrocalcitonin, has been shown to change the bone metabolism so that resorption is decreased and calcium increased. The growth hormone seems to add to bone mass and indirectly prevents resorption. The combination of growth hormone and calcitonin seems to cause an unusual amount of resorption. This research has shown that metallic endosteal blade implants are not automatically successful even in short spans with additional support from two abutment teeth. It is true that the type of occlusion of the squirrel monkey is different from that of man, but the prosthetic devices that were placed in these animals can be validly compared to similar devices placed in man. While the hygiene cannot be practiced effectively by the animal, the psychogenic and emotional problems of man offset this disadvantage. Also, the diet of the monkey is not as traumatic to a prosthesis as is man's. Two of the most important criteria for implant success have not proved satisfactory: (1) no pocket depth beyond 3 mm. and (2) negative radiographic pathosis around the implant. While this study was not meant to be one of criticism or evaluation of metallic implants, it should be noted that thyrocalcitonin and the growth hormone, individually used, played an important part in retarding bone resorption around the blade. Autogenous bone grafts for residual alveolar ridge restoration often fail due to rapid osseous resorption and volume loss. The maintenance of osseous elements in the autogenous bone grafts when calcitonin had been administered was quite revealing. This might be the chemotherapeutic basis for the many conditions involving bone that dentists are called upon to treat. PMID- 804038 TI - Blood protozoa of imported birds. AB - Large numbers of birds, until recently, were brought into the United States each year. Countries of origin were varied, and included those of Australasia, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean islands, as well as other places. With them of course come their parasites, some of which may be potential pathogens to domestic avifauna. In part for this reason, a survey was undertaken of blood parasites of birds from pet shops and importers. So far a total of 1234 birds belonging to 186 species has been examined. Several new species and subspecies of avian Plasmodium have been found in the course of this study, including P. octamerium Manwell, 1968 in a Pintail Whydah, Vidua macoura, from Africa; P paranucleophilum Manwell & Sessler, 1971 in a South American tanager, Tachyphonus sp; and P. nucleophilum toucani Manwell & Sessler 1971 in a Swainson's Toucan, Ramphastos s. swainsonii. Plasmodium huffi Muniz, Soares & Battista is undoubtedly a synonym pro parte for the last. Plasmodium tenue Laveran & Maruliaz, long thought to be a synonym of Plasmodium vaughani Novy & MacNeal, was rediscovered and found to be a valid species. Plasmodium nucleophilum, infrequently seen in the New World, occurred in many Asian and African birds, and especially in starlings. Infections with other species of Plasmodium were common. Haemoproteus was the commonest blood parasite; Leucocytozoon was very rare as was Atoxoplasma (Lankesterella). The 2 families of birds best represented were the Fringillidae and the Psittacidae, but no blood parasites were seen in the latter. It is clear that imported birds are often infected with blood protozoa, some of which are unknown from native birds. PMID- 804039 TI - Remarks on the status of the genus Leucocytozoon Sambon, 1908. AB - Authorship of the genus Leucocytozoon has been variously assigned to several investigatiors, especially Danilewsky and Ziemann. Recently Hsu, Campbell & Levine (1973) have credited it to Berestneff. It is herein submitted that they erred in doing so and in relegating Akiba Bennett, Garnham & Fallis, 1965 and Saurocytozoon Lainson & Shaw, 1969 to synonymy with it. An attempt is made to clarify the confusion that has increasingly surrounded the genus Leucocytozoon, and it is recommended that the type species (by designation) should be Leucocytozoon majoris (Laveran, 1902), one of a mixture of organisms earlier lumped together under a name (Haemamoeba Grassi & Feletti, 1890) currently reserved for an avian subgenus of Plasmodium Marchiafava & Celli, 1885. We conclude that the generic name should be credited to Sambon, the 1st author to present an unequivocal description of the genus. PMID- 804040 TI - Mitochondrial changes in flight muscles of normal and flightless Drosophila melanogaster with age. AB - Fine structural changes in mitochondrial morphology pertaining to size, number and growth were examined in flight muscles of normal and experimentally dewinged male Drosophila melanogaster ranging up to 26 days of age. In the normal winged flies, the number of mitochondria decreases during the first week of adult life whereas the size of individual mitochondrial profile increases significantly. Changes in mitochondrial size and number are due to the fusion of mitochondria. Fused mitochondria are are extremely large in size and irregular in shape. In 26 day old normal flies, the number of mitochondria increases while the mitochondrial size is recuced indicating mitochondrial division. In comparison to the normal flies, dewinged flies exhibit a similar degree of mitochondrial fusion and growth during the first week of life. However, the extent of mitochondrial fission in 26-day old dewinged flies is greater than in the normal flies of this age. Structural mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission are described. The objective of this study was to examine the relative effects of age and flight activity on the mitochondria. PMID- 804041 TI - The use of a tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixative to visualize gap and tight junctions. PMID- 804043 TI - Extended biopsy followup after full course radiation for resectable prostatic carcinoma. AB - Extended biopsy followup of 17 relatively young men with resectable prostatic cancer treated by external supervoltage radiotherapy is presented. Although 6 of the 8 surviving patients now have negative biopsies, the over-all survival rate and the over-all incidence of negative biopsies are not so encouraging, with only 35 per cent rendered free of tumor. Thus, the role of radiotherapy in resectable prostatic carcinoma should be critically scrutinized. More accurate staging is needed. Hopefully, more sophisticated studies of diagnostic and prognostic value will be available in the near future. PMID- 804042 TI - Viral mutation affecting bacteriophage phi 1 development in Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 1m, a host-range variant, was isolated after mutagenesis of virulent bacteriophage phi 1. Unlike its wild-type antecedent, phi 1m could not form plaques on lawns of B subtilis 168 at 37 C, although it adsorbed to, penetrated, and killed this bacterium. Experiments conducted in liquid medium at 37 C showed that B. subtilis 168 cells allowed reduced levels of phi 1m development at low multiplicities of infection, whereas high multiplicity infections of this strain by the phage were abortive. Certain mutants, derived originally from B. subtilis 168, were observed to be permissive for phi 1m at 37 C; moreover, their permissive phenotype could be duplicated by growing wild-type B. subtilis 168 cells at temperatures above 47 C. Studies on phi 1m and host nucleic acid synthesis under nonpermissive conditions demonstrated that transciption and DNA synthesis proceeded up to 20 min after infection, after which time there was a cessation of all nucleic acid production. These observations are discussed with respect to other abortive bacteriophage infections in B. subtilis. PMID- 804044 TI - Clinical experience with supervoltage radiotherapy in carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report. AB - A review was done on 88 cases of carcinoma of the prostate treated with supervoltage radiotherapy and evaluated at regular intervals with post-treatment needle biopsies. A disturbing 58 per cent (45 of 77 cases) had histologic evidence of residual carcinoma at 1 year post-radiation. In 47 per cent (21 of 45 cases) of patients receiving 7,000 to 7,500R the biopsies were positive. No undue morbidity was experienced with radiation levels at 7,000R. Prostatic needle biopsy is considered mandatory for adequate clinical evaluation post-radiation. Since 41 per cent of patients judged radioresponsive on rectal palpation had positive biopsies at 12 months the data indicate considerable error in the clinical assessment of the irradiated prostate when reliance is placed solely on digital evaluation. PMID- 804046 TI - Intermittent catheterization in neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - Experience with intermittent catheterization in 449 patients with traumatic cord bladder during a 9-year period is presented. There were 317 patients who were discharged from the hospital free of the catheter and maintain balanced bladder function on long-term followup. Of these catheter-free patients 45 per cent have sterile urine at any one time. Intermittent catheterization is the method of choice to establish a catheter-free state and reduce infection among spinal cord injury patients. It is a useful conservative method in long-term therapy of patients with non-traumatic neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 804045 TI - Nitrofurantoin pulmonary complications. PMID- 804047 TI - Relative diverticula of an ileal conduit. PMID- 804048 TI - Letter: Assessment of nutritional status. PMID- 804049 TI - Renal transplantation in congenital and metabolic diseases. A report from the ASC/NIH renal transplant registry. AB - The results of kidney transplantation in a variety of renal diseases have been analyzed. The diseases causing end-stage kidney failure in recipients were Alport syndrome, amyloidosis, cystinosis, diabetes mellitus, Fabry disease, familial nephritis, gout, medullary cystic disease, oxalosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The data indicate that renal transplantation is justifiable and parallels functional results for the more common causes of end-stage renal disease in all but Fabry disease and oxalosis. Although Fabry disease did not recur in any grafted kidney, only three patients have a functioning graft one year after transplantation. From a group of ten patients with oxalosis who received a total of 14 kidneys, only one survives. In no other metabolic disease, except one instance of primary amyloidosis, did the metabolic disease notably affect the transplant as it did in oxalosis. PMID- 804050 TI - Neonatal and pediatric cardiovascular crises. PMID- 804051 TI - Comment: carcinoma of the anus. PMID- 804053 TI - [The patient and the nurse: Understanding of the patient by nurses]. PMID- 804052 TI - Proceedings: Study on the chemoprophylaxis of rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 804054 TI - [The patient and the nurse: the ideal attitude of the nurse expected by a patient]. PMID- 804056 TI - [Impression on the life of the hospitalized patient]. PMID- 804055 TI - [Discussion: Expectation of patients in nursing service]. PMID- 804057 TI - [Patients' opinion on improvement of nursing care]. PMID- 804058 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of unconscious patients]. PMID- 804059 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of patients with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 804060 TI - [Effective application of compresses]. PMID- 804061 TI - [Supravoltage radiotherapy. (1)]. PMID- 804062 TI - [Iniquity of the welfare system for the aged]. PMID- 804064 TI - [Preventability of hereditary diseases]. PMID- 804063 TI - [Introduction of counseling in psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 804067 TI - [Abnormal personalities. 9. Idiopathic personality disorders]. PMID- 804065 TI - [Isolated environment and its effects on man]. PMID- 804066 TI - [Homeostasis within a population group]. PMID- 804068 TI - The view from within: pathways to the study of perception. PMID- 804069 TI - The effects of thiazides on serum and urinary zinc in patients with renal calculi. AB - Urine zinc (Zn) excretion was significantly higher in 338 male patients with renal calculi than in 21 normal male subjects, but there was no significant difference between 102 female patients with renal calculi and 15 normal female subjects. In 33 patients with renal calculi urinary Zn was less than 50% of the mean normal value; in these patients there is a possibility that lower urine Zn excretion contributes to the formation of renal calculi. Hydrochlorothiazide produced a striking and sustained increase in urinary Zn excretion, which might contribute to the efficacy of this drug in the prevention of calcific renal stones. Serum Zn levels remained normal in the majority of subjects on long term thiazide therapy, but the occasional finding of subnormal levels suggests that long term thiazide therapy carries with it the hazard of Zn deficiency. PMID- 804070 TI - [Government's policies as reflected in its low medical expenditures]. PMID- 804071 TI - Biochemical parameters in the patas monkey. AB - Various difficulties are encountered when applying certain routine clinical chemistry procedures to biological material from patas monkeys. The wide range of results found in the immature monkey, together with findings which in the human subject would be grossly abnormal, are described. PMID- 804072 TI - Diagnosis of pregnancy in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - 3 techniques for studying reproductive function in the marmoset are described. Abdominal palpation was found to be the most successful method for diagnosis of pregnancy. Vaginal cytology and urinary immunoassays met with limited success and were of supportive value only. PMID- 804073 TI - Clinical use of CT1341 anaesthetic ("Saffan") in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - An intramuscular dose of 18 mg/kg bodyweight of this steroid anaesthetic produced surgical anaesthesia with rapid induction, safe, efficient maintenance and rapid recovery without side effects. PMID- 804074 TI - Growth of Nosema cuniculi in established cell lines. AB - Growth patterns of Nosema cuniculi (Encephalitozoon cuniculi) in cell cultures of bovine kidney, canine kidney, feline lung, and rabbit kidney were studied. All cell cultures used were easy to manage and the last 3 are commercially-available established cell lines. The dog kidney cells were the most suitable for large scale production of Nosema. When grown in plastic flasks with a bottom area of 75 cm2, the weekly yield from Nosema-infected canine kidney cells during the 10th to 17th week after inoculation was between 4-1 times 10-7 and 9-9 times 10-7 spores per flask. An equilibrium was obtained between the Nosema infection and the kidney cells during this time. A simple method for estimating the number of harvested spores is also described. PMID- 804075 TI - Comparative haematology, haemochrmistry and electrocardiography of the slender loris and bonnet monkey. AB - The famale loris had a higher erythrocyte count than the male whereas in the bonnet monkey the converse occurred. Sex differences were seen in the neutrophil and leucocyte counts, but not in the eosinophils and monocytes. The loris exhibited high potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate levels, while the bonnet monkey showed a relatively high level of sugar and haemoglobin. The loris showed higher percentages of blood cholesterol and urea. There were species dependent variations in the plasma proteins independent of the sex. The electrocardiographic patterns did not reveal sex differences in either animal. However the conventional II lead revealed species specific differences in the duration and the component wave form amplitudes of these animals. The haematological and electrocardiographic differences have been correlated with differences in physiology and physical activity patterns of these animals. The present data suggests that a gradual reduction in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in the number of neutrophils occurred during the course of the evolution of primates. PMID- 804076 TI - Localization of endovascular infection by selective catheterization with serial cultures. AB - Pseudomonas infection developed at the suture line of an aortic graft in a patient 13 years after the operation. The site of the infection was localized by quantitative blood cultures taken with the aid of selective arterial catheterization. This technique may be of great help in localizing the source of endovascular infection in difficult cases. PMID- 804078 TI - [Recording of expenditures for medicines in a clinical department]. PMID- 804077 TI - The management of acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Although definite improvement in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia has taken place, the outlook for patients remains grim. The current aggressive approach to treatment, entailing a program of chemotherapy which almost invariably produces bone marrow aplasia and considerable toxicity, has been the subject of some controversy. Selected aspects of management are discussed. PMID- 804079 TI - [The problem of the medical indication for artificial abortion]. PMID- 804080 TI - [Treatment of cases of Sanfilippo's syndrome and Hurler's syndrome with plasma infusions]. PMID- 804081 TI - [Inclusion cell disease (I-cell disease). Clinico-radiological, anatomo pathological and biochemical study of 3 cases]. PMID- 804082 TI - [Type V mucopolysaccharidosis (Ullrich-Scheie syndrome) in children. Description of 2 cases and therapeutic prospects]. PMID- 804084 TI - [Pathogenetic and social problems in gargoylism]. PMID- 804083 TI - [Further cytological study of dyshemopoietic genotypic mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 804085 TI - [Study of leukocyte gangliosides in various types of mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 804086 TI - [Brain damage in mucopolysaccharidosis (33 cases)]. PMID- 804087 TI - [Study of dermatoglyphics in subjects with mucopolysaccharidosis and their families]. PMID- 804088 TI - Development of polysaccharide vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal diseases. PMID- 804089 TI - Rhesus prophylaxis. PMID- 804092 TI - [Confidence and fear of the doctor when meeting the suicidal patient (author's transl)]. AB - In the encounter with the suicidal patient, the doctor enters a field of emotional high tension. He seeks to protect himself against the fear which agressive and destructive tendencies arouse in him by measures which are, in many respects, questionable. The doctor can only find real confidence when faced with a suicidal patient if he perceives his own insecurity and fears. Consequently the treatment of the suicidal patient becomes a permanent balancing act. In describing here three important polarities an attempt is made to make this risk of the attitude of suspense and the therapeutic possibilities arising from it intelligible. PMID- 804091 TI - [Treatment of cerebral degenerative symptoms due to age. Double blind trial on the effect of Juston (author's transl)]. PMID- 804093 TI - [Suicidal tendencies and the prevention of suicide (author's transl)]. AB - The high risk of suicide in depressions is emphasized and the psychotherapeutic aspects discussed. The methods of short crisis psychotherapy are set out in detail and finally the possibility of using psychoactive drugs for treatment is referred to. PMID- 804090 TI - Burn toxins isolated from mouse and human skin. Their characterization and immunotherapy effects. PMID- 804094 TI - [Psychotic acts of suicide (author's transl)]. AB - The suicide rate is higher among those who suffer from a physically based psychosis than among the average population. The proportion of endogenous psychoses in suicides is assessed at about one third, and in attempted suicide about 15 per cent. Of the endogenous psychoses, schizophrenia and depression are the principal diseases causing suicidal actions, of the physically based psychoses, all diseases which cause disturbances of this kind, cerebral vascular sclerosis and epilepsy being particularly frequently represented. PMID- 804096 TI - [Suicide in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency of suicide increases with age. In addition to loneliness and isolation, many old people have to contend with diseases which affect their whole physical and often also their mental being. Every doctor can find numerous opportunities here for effective prophylaxis of suicide. PMID- 804095 TI - [Addiction and suicide (author's transl)]. AB - After a survey of the particularly great risk of suicide among alcoholics and drug addicts, the psychopathologically common base of suicidal tendencies and addiction which arise from the advances of the theory of narcism are presented. Comparative clinical investigations in two groups of patients who had attempted suicide (with and without alcoholism) show that every 4th suicidal patient has alcohol problems. Alcoholic patients present a more pathological self-rating, they relatively frequently live alone in poor accommodation and even considerably worse social and economic conditions. PMID- 804098 TI - [Rare allergic interstitial lung diseases following inhalation of organic dusts]. PMID- 804097 TI - [The prevention of suicide by the Telefonseelsorge (author's transl)]. AB - The organisation which offers a 24-hour service of counselling and/or befriending to people who are suicidal risks or can themselves see no solution to their problems and difficulties, is known in Germany by the name of Telefonseelsorge. On the international level there exist norms for this work laid down by the International Federation of Telephonic Emergency Services (IFOTES). The consultation is either carried out by telephone or in individual or group conversations, and in addition there is the so-called "befriending" of clients in acute crises in their lives. Those who work with the Telefonseelsorge are confronted with the problem of suicide in 3 stages: the pre-suicidal, the acute suicidal and the post-suicidal situation. PMID- 804099 TI - [Contribution of axial computer tomography in the diagnosis of intracranial diseases?]. PMID- 804100 TI - [Criteria of the death of an individual from the point of view of forensic medicine]. AB - Five dead bodies from which the kidneys had been removed for transplantation were investigated with reference to the findings and the time elapsing until determination of cerebral death. In two other cases, organs were not removed because the relatives had refused consent or cerebral death had not yet occurred. The uncertainty of the exact time of cerebral death is reflected in the uncertainties in the documentation of the time of death. PMID- 804101 TI - [Hypothalamus: some diagnostic principles]. AB - The hypothalamus is a small group of receptors for visceral control, receiving influences from other parts of the nervous system. In turn, some hypothalamic nuclei send efferent impulses to the neurohypophysis, back along limbic pathways to the cortex and down to the autonomic centers in the brain stem. Not all the experimental observations on lower vertebrates can be applied to hypothalamic nuclear areas and connections in man. Therefore, knowledge of such functions and clinical syndromes as those relating to regulation of cardiovascular system, temperature, feeding, drinking, electrolyte balance and the sleeping-waking cycle continues to be incomplete. PMID- 804102 TI - [The role of deiodase and iodase in disturbed iodination processes in the thyroid]. AB - Together with A. Costa of Turin, we have found adequate iodine in the food along the Northern slopes of the Alpine range in Valais, Switzerland, which has been known as a goitrous zone from time immemorial. In various statistical reports it has been pointed out that ostensibly the morbidity of goiter only regresses after the iodine added to the cooking salt is increased from 5 mg to 10 mg per kg. We see a regression of juvenile goiter only, because after puberty, 50 per cent of the Swiss population over the age of 50 have already developed goiter. We have found a goiter in rabbits and other experimental animals after feeding them cabbage and after the application of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. After cabbage, a pre-Basedow type of goiter developed, after the application of sulfur the goiter was of a degenerative type, since in the latter case the iodase is first blocked by the thyroid and later destroyed. PMID- 804103 TI - [Opportunities for the application of the prostaglandins in gynecology. Interruption of pregnancy in acute leukosis. Description of a case]. AB - Prostaglandin is being used increasingly as an abortifacient, especially in infans mortuus, fetus mortuus, interruption of pregnancy, missed abortion and hydatidiform mole. The most commonly used form of application is extraamniotic instillation. Interruption of pregnancy during acute leukosis of pregnancy is an extension of the list of indications. One such case is reported. The reliable and rapid onset of action and the small loss of blood suggest that prostaglandins may be the drug of choice. PMID- 804104 TI - [Therapy of obesity in childhood]. PMID- 804105 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis as unusual allergic reaction in cephalothin-treatment]. PMID- 804107 TI - [History of vaccination in Bavaria]. AB - From the history of vaccination in Bavaria: The development of smallpox vaccination is described in the book "Smallpox Vaccination in Bavaria" by Dr. Giel, the first Bavarian doctor to practise it. Difficulties were exposed which were of a local nature at first, until a permanent vaccination room was established in the Munich Town Hall in 1809, under King Maximilian of Bavaria. Futher difficulties were caused by the vaccination serum itself, which lost its effectiveness as a result of serial vaccination from person to person. It was also noticed that no absolute protection from smallpox was guaranted by a single vaccination in childhood. Also, conservation and delivery of the serum were problematic. Pecuniary limitations did not make the business of vaccination easy. Dr. Giel fulfilled his very responsible office for 30 years. PMID- 804106 TI - [Ampicillin concentrations in serum and bile after oral administration of ampicillin and pivampicillin]. AB - The concentrations of active agent were determined in the bile and serum after oral administration of ampicillin and pivampicillin to 12 patients 7-9 days after surgical revision of the common bile duct. Orally, pivampicillin is more rapidly absorbed, maxima of active agent and the mean serum concentrations are higher compared with ampicillin. The rate of absorption and serum concentrations after giving ampicillin and pivampicillin depend on the type of diet. Pivampicillin produces higher concentrations of active agent in the bile of the common bile duct more rapidly than ampicillin. The mean concentration of active substance in the bile is distinctly above the serum concentrations. PMID- 804108 TI - ["Hospitalism". Supplement to G. Henneberg, Munch. med. Wschr. 116 (1974) 17, 857-862]. PMID- 804109 TI - ["Hospitalismus". Comment on the supplement by F. Kuster, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 7, 263-264]. PMID- 804110 TI - ["Hospitalism". Comment on G. Henneberg, Munch. med. Wschr. 116 (1974) 17, 857 62 and to the supplement by F. Kuster, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 7, 263-265]. PMID- 804111 TI - [Letter: Juvenile spinal muscular atrophy following polio vaccination?i]. PMID- 804112 TI - [Letter: Is there a relationship between pharyngism and organic neuropathy?]. PMID- 804113 TI - [Letter: Liver cirrhosis following amebic dysentery?]. PMID- 804114 TI - [Letter: Thrombocyte counting]. PMID- 804116 TI - [Proceedings: Medullary nailing--good and approximate indication, results]. PMID- 804115 TI - [Proceedings: Plate osteosynthesis or medullary nailing in fractures and pseudarthroses of the upper and lower leg. Pathophysiologic principles]. PMID- 804117 TI - [51st Convention of the Association of Bavarian Surgeons in Munich, July 19-20, 1974]. PMID- 804118 TI - [Proceedings: Infections and osteosyntheses in the upper and lower leg. Therapeutic principles and results]. PMID- 804119 TI - [Proceedings: Postoperative treatment and rehabilitation]. PMID- 804120 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical training in a traumatologic laboratory]. PMID- 804121 TI - [Proceedings: Combined ostersynthesis in the upper leg]. PMID- 804122 TI - [Proceedings: Indication for bundle nailing in diaphyseal fractures of the lower extremity]. PMID- 804124 TI - [Proceedings: Complications following tibial head fractures and possibilities of their treatment using plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 804123 TI - [Proceedings: Osteosynthesis in pathological thigh fractures]. PMID- 804125 TI - [Proceedings: Defective rotation position following medullary nailing of the thigh]. PMID- 804126 TI - [Proceedings: Lengthening in pseudarthroses of the lower extremity]. PMID- 804127 TI - On the relationship between the frequency of two types of lethal-mutation and x ray doses in Drosophila. AB - The dose-frequency relationship for each of 2 types of lethal mutations, fractional- and whole-lethal, was obtained using X-rays on Drosophila melanogaster. The results show that fractional-lethal mutations are induced by X rays, and also that the proportion of fractional-lethal mutations in the total of mutations tends to decrease with increasing doses, namely, 61% at o R, 47% at 500 R, 37% at 1000 R and 20% at 2000 R. The same tendency is observed with visible mutations. In order to consider the problems related to the above results, the relationship between the true frequency and the observed frequency of the induced lethal mutations is discussed, taking into consideration the existence of the ostensible whole-lethal and the ostensible normal. PMID- 804128 TI - Aflatoxin occurrence in some white corn under loan, 1971: IV. Mold flora. PMID- 804129 TI - Letter: Prednisone dose in alternate-day therapy. PMID- 804130 TI - Interstitial nephritis with anti-tubular-basement-membrane antibody. AB - To determine the pathogenesis of interstitial nephtitis, immunopathological studies were performed with kidney and serum from a six-year-old boy. The kidney revealed linear staining of tubular basement membranes with antiserums specific for human IgG and C3; the membranes also showed fixation of heterologous complement. After incubation of the patient's serum on frozen sections from normal human kidneys, linear staining with IgG was detected by indirect fluorescence. This staining was eliminated by absorption of the serum with purified tubular basement membranes, but was unaltered by absorption with purified glomerular basement membrane. The antibody reacted with mouse, rabbit, dog, sheep, monkey, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis/Brown Norway rat tubular basement membranes, but not with that of Lewis rat or guinea pig, or with human skin, thyroid, parotid, lung, liver or pancreas. Anit-tubular-basement-membrane antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of the patient's disease. PMID- 804131 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Spending on local public-health services in Massachusetts. PMID- 804132 TI - The changing role of private philanthropy in health affairs. AB - Since World War II societal changes have fundamentally altered the very special position held by private philanthropy in the health area. The expanding expenditures for health services by the private and public sectors now dwarf those of philanthropic insitutions. Yet the need for private philanthropy has not diminished. Indeed, given some of the problems that may be created by large-scale public-sector support, private philanthropy may prove to be even more imporant in the future. But to respond to this changing state of affairs, the philanthropic community and the nation's health institutions will have to recognize that private philanthropy has become a relatively scarce national resource. To continue to play a major part in health affairs, philanthropic giving will have to become well targeted on select national and regional priorities, moving away from the more broadly scattered approaches reflecting the needs of the earlier parts of the century. PMID- 804133 TI - Editorial: Looking the gift horse in the mouth. PMID- 804135 TI - Editorial: Somatostatin leads to glucagon's renaissance. PMID- 804134 TI - Prevention of Rh hemolytic disease--ten years' clinical experience with Rh immune globulin. PMID- 804136 TI - Letter: Cortical cataracts in infants nourished parenterally. PMID- 804138 TI - Enhancement of the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio in disorders other than acute pancreatitis. PMID- 804137 TI - Prevention of human diabetic ketoacidosis by somatostatin. Evidence for an essential role of glucagon. AB - To evaluate the role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis in man, we studied the effect of suppression of glucagon secretion by somatostatin on changes in plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations (as well as changes in their precursors) after acute withdrawal of insulin from seven patients with juvenile-type diabetes. Suppression of glucagon secretion prevented the development of ketoacidosis for 18 hours after acute insulin withdrawal, whereas in control studies mild ketoacidosis occurred 10 hours after insulin was stopped. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, free fatty acid, and glycerol levels were all markedly lower during suppression of glucagon secretion (p smaller than 0.001), whereas plasma alanine levels were higher (p smaller than 0.001). These studies indicate that insulin lack per se does not lead to fulminant diabetic ketoacidosis in man and that glucagon, by means of its gluconeogenic, ketogenic, and lipolytic actions, is a prerequisite to the development of this condition. PMID- 804139 TI - Editorial: Increased renal clearance of amylase in pancreatitis. PMID- 804140 TI - Circulating thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in adult patients with protein calorie malnutrition. AB - We studied plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, free T3, thyrotropin (TSH), albumin and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) before and following 56 to 145 days (mean, 85) of refeeding in ten Indian patients who had severe protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). The mean baseline plasma T4 concentration of 8.2 mug per 100 ml in these patients was comparable to the corresponding post-treatment value of 7.7 mug per 100 ml. However, since the dialyzable fraction of T4 (DFT4) was considerably higher (0.048 vs 0.029%), the mean baseline plasma free T4 concentration, 3.8 ng per 100 ml, was significantly greater than the mean post-treatment value of 2.2 ng per 100 ml. The mean baseline plasma concentration of T3, 21 ng per 100 ml, was markedly lower than the corresponding value of 96 ng per 100 ml after treatment. The mean plasma concentration of free T3, 94 pg per 100 ml, was also significantly lower than the post-treatment value of 303 pg per 100 ml. This was the case even when the mean DFT3 prior to treatment was significantly higher than that following treatment (0.46 vs 0.32%). The mean baseline ratio of plasma concentrations of total T3 and T4 (T3/T4 X 100) of 0.25 was significantly lower than the corresponding normal value of 1.3 after treatment. The mean plasma TSH concentration of 6.0 muU per ml in patients prior to treatment was comparable to the mean value of 5.5 muU per ml following treatment. The mean baseline plasma concentration of TBG of 3.3 mg per 100 ml was also comparable to the mean post-treatment value of 3.6 mg per 100 ml. The data on thyroid hormone levels in PCM can be explained if there were i) a selective increase in metabolic clearance rate of T3 without a change or a decrease in that of T4 and ii) a reversible defect in extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. The latter possibility appears more likely. PMID- 804141 TI - Serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in anorexia nervosa. AB - Sixteen patients with typical signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa were studied with measurement of serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH), both baseline and stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The results of the patients were compared with those of 16 normal control subjects. Serum T4 (5.8 plus or minus 0.26 mug/100 ml, mean plus or minus SE) and T3 (82 plus or minus 5.7 ng/100 ml) of patients with anorexia nervosa were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than those of control subjects (T4 7.7 plus or minus 0.32 mug/100 ml and T3 158 plus or minus 4.7 ng/100 ml respectively). Furthermore, the ratio of T3/T4 (1.48 plus or minus 0.243 x 10(-2)) in anorexia nervosa was also lower than that of control subjects (2.21 plus or minus 0.093 x 10(-2)) (P less than 0.001). Basal serum TSH was within normal or below the limits of detection. TSH and T3 rose after administration of TRH. The peak values of TSH were observed after 60 to 12o min, instead of 30 min normally seen after TRH injection. PMID- 804142 TI - Heterotransplantation of Theileria parva-infected cells to athymic mice. PMID- 804144 TI - Production of verbenol pheromone by a bacterium isolated from bark beetles. PMID- 804143 TI - Extraneural competition between different scrapie agents leading to loss of infectivity. PMID- 804145 TI - Mutation affecting taste perception in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 804147 TI - [Focal development of pattern-sensitive epilepsy. With a case contribution]. PMID- 804146 TI - Purification and ultrastructure of Aleutian disease virus of mink. PMID- 804148 TI - Female gonorrhea: its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis. AB - Data are presented from an investigation of the assocation of presenting complaints with gonococcal infection in females seeking primary care in an urban emergency room. Over 27% of patients in the study had cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC). The GC positivity rates which were significantly higher than expected were found in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis, as well as acute PID. Clinical findings suggest an etiologic role for the gonococcus in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Where the incidence of gonorrhea is high, new approaches in the managment of patients with these presenting complaints are necessary in order to prevent the more serious complications of gonorrhea and further spread of the disease. PMID- 804150 TI - Oral manifestations of Morquio's syndrome. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in two siblings affected with Morquio's syndrome are described. The oral findings, consisting of disturbances in the structure of the enamel in both deciduous and permanent teeth, resemble those of amelogenesis imperfecta, Type 1. Preformed crowns are recommended as the initial treatment, in order to avoid loss of vertical height. The dentist's familiarity with the oral manifestations of Morquio's disease may contribute to the early detection of this condition. PMID- 804149 TI - Junctional nevus of the oral mucosa. Light and electron microscopic observations. AB - Junctional nevi of the oral mucosa are rare and may be precancerous. A patient who had an enlarging junctional nevus of the labial mucosa with an adjacent lentigo simplex was studied by light and electron microscopy. On the basis of morphologic similarities--dentritic appearance, lack of desmonsomes, proliferative melanin production, and lack of cytoplasmic fibrils--it appears that the nevus cell most likely develops from melanocytes. The reason for the transformation from melanocyte to nevus cell or junctional nevus cell hyperplasia is unknown. PMID- 804151 TI - Partially ossified stylohyoid ligament. PMID- 804152 TI - [Transfusion-immunization in uremic patients treated by chronic dialysis]. PMID- 804153 TI - [The diuretic action of a new antidiabetic drug (glybenclamide)]. PMID- 804154 TI - [Otitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 804155 TI - The specific immunoglobulin response in cattle to Theileria parva (Muguga) infection. AB - Cattle were inoculated with dilutions of Theileria parva (Muguga) stabilate without concurrent antibiotic treatment. The dilutions were selected to induce severe East Coast fever infections, which in some cases would lead to death. Serum samples were collected and the complement fixation (CF), indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests were used to detect T. parva serum antibodies. Sera were fractionated on Sephadex G200 to determine the activities of specific immunoglobulin fractions. Sequential production of IgM antibody followed by 7SIg antibody was demonstrated by the IHA and CF tests. All IFA activity was restricted to the 7SIg fraction. Serologic reactions in the IHA test were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation of the stabilate, CF activity after 8 days and IFA activity after 21 days. PMID- 804156 TI - Expenditures for child health care. PMID- 804157 TI - Secretory and serum IgA in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The local immune system of children suffering protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) was investigated by analyzing the amount of immunoglobulins in the nasal washing on admission, repeatedly during 84 days of hospital therapy, and on follow-up, one to two years later. Although measured concentrations of total protein, IgG, and albumin in nasal washings were reduced in children with PCM, only secretory IgA concentrations were significantly lower (P less than .01) in PCM compared to normal children. Mean secretory IgA concentrations were significantly reduced on admission through hospital day 70 and returned to near normal thereafter. At one to two years after hospital discharge, mean concentrations of secretory IgA in nasal secretions were within normal limits. The concentrations of secretory IgA in nasal washings were lowest at a time when serum IgA was markedly elevated; serum IgA concentrations fell to normal values during dietary treatment. The possible role of secretory IgA deficiency in PCM and infection is discussed. PMID- 804158 TI - Child health care in the United States: expenditures and extent of coverage with selected comprehensive services. AB - This paper summarizes pertinent data on national health expenditures for children and youth. In fiscal year 1972, the average expenditure per child per year for health care from all sources in the United States was $147 for children and youth under 19 years of age, an amount 15% above that for the children and youth projects ($128 per child per year). The extent of coverage of children and youth, even those in high-priority groups, is still very restricted. Some implications are suggested for future planning for the use of existing funds currently available for the health care of children and youth. PMID- 804159 TI - Clinical experience with clindamycin hydrochloride: I. Treatment of streptococcal and mixed streptococcal-staphylococcal skin infections. AB - Two hundred and forty-four children were evaluated in a study comparing clindamycin hydrochloride, erythromycin, and phenoxymethyl penicillin for the treatment of streptococcal pyoderma. Similar numbers of patients were followed during (day 7) and after (day 14) therapy in each of the three treatment groups. All patients had skin lesions positive for group A streptococci with or without staphylococci; the percentage rate of pure and mixed cultures was similar for the three groups of patients. Both clindamycin and erythromycin proved somewhat superior to penicillin on the basis of effecting earlier clinical cures and sterilization of skin lesions. Streptococcal eradication rates by day 7 were as follows: clindamycin, 97%; erythromycin, 99%; and penicillin, 91%. By day 14, clinical and bacteriologic cure rates were essentially the same in each group: clindamycin, 99%; erythromycin, 99%; and penicillin, 97%. Persistence or reacquisition of a pyoderma strain in the upper respiratory tract was highest in that group treated with penicillin. There were no adverse reactions associated with clindamycin or the other antibiotic agents evaluated. However, clindamycin holds no advantage over erythromycin for treatment of streptococcal pyoderma, and additional clinical information will be required to determine whether the potential for toxicity in children will compromise the use of this newer antibiotic. PMID- 804161 TI - Letter: Protein advisory group's recommendations deplored. PMID- 804162 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins in chronic liver diseases in children]. PMID- 804160 TI - Osteomyelitis and sepsis: severe complications of fetal monitoring. AB - Sophisticated modern methods of fetal monitoring during labor have improved the prognosis for high-risk infants, but the possible adverse side effects have not yet been fully documented. One infant with osteomyelitis and one with streptococcal sepsis are reported. In the future, greater attention should be paid to such potential complications and new noninvasive techniques of fetal monitoring should be developed. PMID- 804164 TI - Nursing care study: the management of diabetic keto-acidosis provoked by sepsis. PMID- 804165 TI - [Diagnostic value of agglutination reaction to Listeria monocytogenes]. PMID- 804163 TI - Nursing the patient on the ventilator. PMID- 804166 TI - [IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD immunoglobulins in serum of patients with pneumonia]. PMID- 804167 TI - [Intal in the treatment of allergo-infectious asthma]. PMID- 804168 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the biliary tract]. PMID- 804169 TI - Cell-free translation of immunoglobulin messenger RNA from MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and MOPC-315 NR, a variant synthesizing only light chain. AB - Total poly(A)-containing mRNA was isolated from the MOPC-315 and MOPC-315 NR plasmacytomas. The RNA was further fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-sucrose gradients. The MOPC-315 mRNA fractions directed the synthesis of both the heavy chain and light chain precursor of the MOPC-315 IgA protein in a cell-free extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. None of the MOPC-315 NR mRNA fractions tested programmed the synthesis of the heavy chain in this system. Analysis of cell-free products by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that no translatable heavy chain mRNA could be extracted from the MOPC-315 NR variant plasmacytoma. PMID- 804170 TI - An electrophoretic variant of beta-galactosidase with altered catalytic properties in a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. AB - In nine patients with GM1 gangliosidosis, liver ganglioside GM1 beta galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity ranged from less than 0.01% to 0.05% of normal. In a tenth patient's liver, much higher activity was found (0.5% of normal). In this patient the residual enzyme had the same molecular weight as beta-galactosidase A, the major form of beta-galactosidase of normal human liver. No activity was found that corresponded to beta-galactosidase B, the minor form of human liver beta-galactosidase. On starch gel electrophoresis, the patient's enzyme migrated less anodally than normal beta-galactosidase A, both before and after treatment with neuraminidase. Beta-Galactosidase from the patient had a Km that was higher then normal; 5-fold higher with ganglioside GM1 and 2-fold higher with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-galactoside. The patient's enzyme crossreacted immunologically with normal beta-galactosidase A and had about 100-fold more antigenic activity per unit catalytic activity than the normal enzyme. The results indicate that in this patient a beta-galactosidase A protein with altered charge and altered catalytic properties was present in relatively normal amounts, the first electrophoretic variant reported for a patient with a lysosomal hydrolase deficiency. PMID- 804172 TI - Retinblastoma: a modification in radiation therapy technique. AB - Patients with retinoblastoma treated with a single lateral field often suffer multiple recurrences in the anterior portion of the retina. The authors believe that these marginal recurrences are related to dose heterogeneity and that the entire retinal surface is at risk. In an attempt to treat the entire retinal surface and still protect the lens and anterior chamber, a conventional lateral field with the anterior beam edge at the equator of the globe is used with a second anterior field in which the central divergent lens block is hung in a pendulum fashion along the central axis. The shadow of the central block projects a diameter of 10 mm at the anterior corneal surface which well encompasses the lens. The fields are weighted 1:4.5 (anterior to lateral). PMID- 804171 TI - Crystal structure of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B. Three-dimensional structure at a nominal 2.2-A resolution. AB - The three-dimensional structure of carbonic anhydrase B (EC 4,2,1,1; carbonate hydro-lyase) from human erythrocytes has been determined to high resolution. Parallel and antiparallel pleated sheet makes up the predominant secondary structure of the enzyme. The tertiary structure is unique for its folding and is very similar to the structure is unique for its folding and is very similar to the structure of the isoenzyme, human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase C. The essential metal ion, zinc, is firmly bound to the enzyme through three histidyl ligands and located at the bottom of a 12-A deep conical cavity. The zinc ligands are involved in a number of hydrogen bond formations with residues in the immediate vicinity of the active site cavity. Some of the similarities and differences in the sidechain orientation and active site topography of the two isoenzymes are also discussed. PMID- 804174 TI - Association of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum with acute pancreatitis. AB - A case of acute pancreatitis is reported in a patient with an intramuinal duodenal diverticulum. Five previous reports of this association are cited, and the mechanisms through which the intraluminal duodenal diverticulum may cause pancreatitis are reviewed. PMID- 804173 TI - The abnormal bone scan in intracranial lesions. AB - In 43 patients with abnormal brain scans restudied within 2-7 days with 99mTc labeled ethane-1, hydroxy-1, diphosphonate (EHDP), cerebral infarctions, primary and metastatic neoplasms, chronic subdural hematoma, arteriovenous malformations and inflammatory lesions were visualized. The localization of EHDP in primary and metastatic neoplasms is usually less apparent than pertechnetate. Conversely, the localization of EHDP in cerebral infarctions is usually more apparent than pertechnetate. 99mTc-EHDP, in conjunction with pertechnetate, may become useful in differentiating cerebral infarctions from neoplasms. Further, skull scans must be interpreted with the appreciation that bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals may localize in a variety of intracranial lesions. PMID- 804175 TI - Angiographic evaluation of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine: the value of epinephrine. AB - The angiographic features in 5 cases of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are discussed. Findings included irregularity and narrowing of the distal mesenteric and intestinal arcade arterial branches, minimal parenchymal stain, and obstructed venous return. A stellate arterial configuration was not noted. In 2 cases in which epinephrine was employed, tumor staining of the primary lesions and their hepatic metastases was markedly enhanced. Possible mechanisms of action for the pharmacoangiographic effect of epinephrine are discussed. PMID- 804176 TI - [Typhoid fever and paratyphoids]. PMID- 804178 TI - [The etiological mystery of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 804177 TI - The establishment of sheep flocks of predictable susceptibility to expirimental scrapie. AB - A selection experiment, based on a foundation stock of over 700 Herdwick sheep and aimed at producing divergent populations of predictable high susceptibility or resistance to experimental scrapie was begun at this Institute in 1961. Twelve years later, flocks of presumed 100 per cent susceptibility to the Cheviot dervied scrapie agent SSBP-1 used throughout the experiment, and also manifesting a high incidence of the disease when challenged with other scrapie strains, are used in the Compton scrapie research programme. The highly resistant flocks appear to have a small residual incidence of scrapie cases, often with very long incubation periods. The type of scrapie caused by the SSBP-1 agent is largely under the genetic control of a single pair of autosomal alleles, the dominant allele conferring susceptibility. PMID- 804179 TI - [Current technics of radiotherapy, cobalt therapy, betatron. Their indications and their results]. PMID- 804180 TI - [Complete parenteral feeding of adults]. PMID- 804181 TI - Synaptic organization of the amine-containing interplexiform cells of the goldfish and Cebus monkey retinas. AB - Fluorescence microscopy has revealed a new type of amine-containing retinal neuron, the interplexiform cell, that extends processes in both plexiform layers. After intravitreal injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine in goldfish and Cebus monkey, the processes of these cells can be identified by electron microscopy. In goldfish, the processes are pre- and postsynaptic to amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer and presynaptic to bipolar and horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer. Interplexiform cells thus provide an intraretinal centrifugal pathway from inner to outer plexiform layers. PMID- 804182 TI - Fetal hemoglobin restriction to a few erythrocytes (F cells) in normal human adults. AB - During adult life, the quantity of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) present in F cells- that is, rare erythrocytes which are reactive with rabbit antiserum to human HbF during microscopic immunodiffusion--is sufficient to account for all of the small quantity (less than 0.7 percent) of HbF normally present in whole blood. Thus, erythrocytes are normally heterogeneous with respect to the presence of HbF. PMID- 804183 TI - Besnoitia species (Protozoa, Sporozoa, Toxoplasmatidae): recognition of cyclic transmission by cats. AB - Isosporan oocysts, measuring 13 by 16 micrometers, from a cat in Hawaii produced Besnoitia cysts in tissues of mice and rats. Feeding these cysts to cats led to oocyst shedding after 11 to 13 days, continuing for a mean of 11 days. This indicates a two-host cycle for Besnoitia, adding an intestinal phase and oocyst production by a carnivore to the already known tissue stages. Thus a representative of Besnoitia, similar to other species in cattle, horses, reindeer, impala, other mammals, and reptiles, has been shown to be a coccidian of cats, capable of being spread by fecal contamination. Besnoitia is the fourth mammalian tissue parasite, together with Toxoplasma, Hammondia, and Sarcocystis, found to produce isosporan-type oocysts. PMID- 804184 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis as a complication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. AB - A patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia treated with gentamicin subsequently developed thoracovertebral osteomyelitis over the area of a preexisting compression fracture. Increasing back pain and progressive destruction with sclerosis of the involved vertebrae led to a needle biopsy examination of the vertebrae which showed evidence of chronic osteomyelitis and grew P aeruginosa on culture. P aeruginosa bacteremia was documented six months before the demonstration of the organism in the vertebrae. Treatment with a combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin coupled with bed rest cured the vertebral osteomyelitis. PMID- 804185 TI - A review of deaths due to suspected lactic acidosis at a large metropolitan hospital. AB - A review of 2,647 consecutive deaths over a 19-month period at a large metropolitan hospital revealed 27 cases (1%) to be coded as metabolic acidosis. In ten of these deaths, a presumptive diagnosis of lactic acidosis could be made. Eight of the ten were diabetic, and all eight were treated with phenformin at the time of their last admission. Although phenformin could not be incriminated as the sole cause of lactic acidosis in these cases, a contributory role of the drug seems probable. The indiscriminate use of phenformin in diabetic patients should be discouraged and the contraindications to the use of phenformin should be stressed. PMID- 804186 TI - Intrathoracic meningocele associated with von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis). PMID- 804187 TI - The ultrastructure of the middle cerebral artery and its associated nerve fibers in the squirrel monkey and baboon. AB - This study describes the ultrastructural characteristics of the middle cerebral artery and its related neural elements in the squirrel monkey and baboon. The cytoarchitecture of the M-1 segment as well as that of the smaller extracerebral and intracerebral vessels is comparable in both animals. Smooth muscle elements are occasionally found within the intimal lining. The nerve bundles associated with vessels contain fewer myelinated fibers as the vessel diameter decreases. The cytological relationship between the neural structures and the smooth muscle cells are discussed. PMID- 804188 TI - Direct antiglobulin tests in narcotic addicted patients. AB - Direct Antiglobulin Tests (DAT) as well as a number of immunological parameters (immunoglobulin levels, latex fixation, VDRL) were studied in 168 narcotic addicted patients. Of these, 94 were untreated narcotic addicts (Group I), 61 were methadone maintained patients (Group II), and 13 had completed successful detoxification with methadone and were drug-free (Group III). Weakly positive DAT were detected in 2.1 per cent of individuals in Group I, 18 per cent in Group II, and 15 per cent in Group III. The reactions were usually transient. A number of other immunological aberrations were also present in individuals of all three groups, but there was no correlation between these parameters and the positive direct antiglobulin reactions. PMID- 804189 TI - Platelet loss on exposure of citrated blood to various foreign surfaces. AB - Citrated whole blood was rotated in tubes or closed loops of tubing and the percentage of platelets lost on exposure to the surface of the container was noted. Platelet loss in the presence of uncoated glass surfaces (mean loss 31%) was significantly less than in the presence of glass siliconed with two different reagents (82% and 86%). Platelets adhered to siliconed glass but not to uncoated glass. Other inert surfaces also resulted in a high degree of platelet loss: Teflon 90 per cent, silicone rubber 85 per cent, Parawax 84 per cent, polysytrene 82 per cent, polyethylene 79 per cent, polypropylene 60 per cent, and polycarbonate 58 per cent. One lot of polyvinyl chloride transfusion grade tubing resulted in only 2 per cent loss of platelets, but other lots varied between 35 and 84 per cent. Loss of platelets on exposure to the surface of plastic containers may have to be considered when evaluating new materials for preparation of blood components. PMID- 804190 TI - Studies on heterophile antibodies in transplantation sera. AB - By means of double diffusion in gel reactions, "heterophile" antibodies were demonstrated in human renal transplantation sera. Of thirty-two recipients of renal allografts, 12 (37 per cent) had antibodies to extract of bovine erythrocyte stromata, and 5 (19 per cent) of 26 recipients produced antibodies to extract of sheep erythrocyte stromata. These antibodies became detectable 1-6 months after transplantation and persisted for several months or years. However, the strength of reactions given by individual serum samples from the same recipient varied considerably. Sera from the same recipient gave a reaction of identify, while sera from two different recipients frequently gave reactions of partial identity or nonidentity. The antibodies reacting with bovine stroma extract were distinct from those reacting with sheep stroma extract. Evidence was also presented that the heterophile antibodies in transplantation sera are different from Paul-Bunnell antibodies in infectious mononucleosis sera. Some of the HL-A typing sera were shown to contain antibodies against bovine stroma extract. The antigen recognized by these sera in the bovine stroma extract was not related to any HL-A specificity. Three of eight rabbits which received skin and renal allografts formed antibodies against bovine stroma extract. Absorption studies clearly demonstrated that these antibodies are directed against antigens present in the donor's, but not in the recipient's tissues. PMID- 804191 TI - Altered allotransplantability of BALB/c Leydig cell tumor after organ culture or cell suspension. AB - In confirmation of prior studies, fragments of testicular interstitial (Leydig) cell tumors from BALB/c mice were found to be transplantable to H-2d (BALB/c and DBA/2) or allogeneic H-2q (DBA/1 and BUB/BnJ) recipients after organ culture, whereas noncultured fragments were accepted only in H-2d recipients. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity assays showed that while transplantability was altered by the organ culture process, tissue immunogenicity in vitro was unchanged. Cell suspensions from the same tumor were also found to be transplantable to both H-2d and H-2q recipients and occasionally even to H-2a and H-2k recipients, irrespective of whether the cells were obtained from fragments previously organ-cultured or from dispersed fresh tissue. We suggest, therefore, that rather than modifying cell surface antigens, it is possible that organ culture explanation serves to (1) allow free dispersal of the tumor cells which leads to progressive tumor growth, and/or (2) raise the ratio of dead to living cells in the transplanted fragments, which has previously been shown to direct host immune responses toward enhancement. PMID- 804192 TI - Dextran sulfate stimulates the induction but inhibits the effector phase in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 804194 TI - [Edema of the brain as a complication of diabetic keto-acidosis]. PMID- 804193 TI - Corticosteroids and circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 804195 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 804196 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein in a patient with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testes. AB - A case of embryonal cell carcinoma of the testes with widespread metastases, and the presence of AFP in the patient's serum, is reported. The usefulness of the detection of AFP for the diagnosis of this type of tumor is stressed. The use of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis in combination with double-diffusion in gel are considered as a highly sensitive method for the detection of AFP in routine clinical work. The literature dealing with the characterization of AFP and its frequency and significance in various diseases is reviewed. PMID- 804198 TI - [Seasonal aspects of hospital infection in a urological hospital]. PMID- 804197 TI - [Microflora of the artificial urinary bladder created from a segment of the intestine]. PMID- 804200 TI - Vesicotropic action of digitalis. PMID- 804199 TI - [Materials on the study of antibiotic sensitivity of gonococci]. PMID- 804201 TI - [Complications of neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 804202 TI - Systemic toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in domestic animals. PMID- 804203 TI - Antibiotic-anesthetic interactions--keep it practical-! PMID- 804204 TI - Pseudomonas metritis in a mare. PMID- 804205 TI - Correspondence: Coloboma in Charolais. PMID- 804206 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the nephrotic kidney. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEMy), supplemented with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, was used to study aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. The visceral epithelium undergoes dramatic restructing in response to aminonucleoside nephrosis. Due in part to an accumulation of intracellular vacuoles, kidney podocytes swell in size. Podocyte major processes lose their many pedicles and slit pores and form close junctions (80 A) with adjacent podocytes. Although no prominant pores opening into the urinary space are found in the visceral epithelium, there is evidence that podocyte vacuoles may rupture and thereby release protein into the urinary space. Many parietal cells also increase in size, accumulate intracellular vacuoles and come into very cose proximity to the visceral epithelium. Casts of PAS-positive, electron-dense material fill the lumina of many uriniferous tubules. Although most proximal tubules exhibit an extensive loss of brush border, no significant changes in other kidney microprojections or cilia were noted. Transmission electron and light microscopy of nephrotic kidneys reveal considerable changes in proximal and distal tubules including a reduction in mitochondria, in cell height, in electron density of the cytoplasmic matrix, in lateral and basal plasmalemma infolds, enlarged euchromatic nuclei, dilated lumens, and accumulation of PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules. SEMy of kidney needle biopsies from patients with proteinuria reveal that SEMy is useful for evaluating glomerular changes in man. PMID- 804208 TI - Ultrastructural study of the relationship between immune cytotoxic lymphoid cells and target cells in vitro. AB - Ultrastructural details of the relationship in vitro between sensitized T lymphoid cells and YAC target cells are described. Within a few hours very close connections develop between these two cells. Narrow junctions with parallel plasma membranes and local evaginations of the lymphoid cell into recesses of the target cell are specific aspects. Very fine threadlike material is found between the two plasma membranes at the narrowest zones. The lymphoid cells concerned have an intermediate structure between ordinary small lymphocytes and blast cells. They do not seem to be modified in the process while YAC target cells are severly damaged. Polysomes are dispersed; mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are affected locally or generally. Later, nucleoli and chromatin become dense and pycnosis occurs. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 804207 TI - [Proliferation kinetics of bile duct epithelia in the regenerating mouse liver after CCl4-poisoning]. AB - Autoradiographic and morphometric methods were used in studying the proliferation of interlobular bile duct epithelia of adult NMRI mice after CC14-poisoning (1 ml/kg i.p.). DNA synthesis starts on the 2nd day after CC14 administration. The time course of the 3H-thymidine labelling index is biphasic, with a first maximum at 2.5 and a second one 5 days after CC14 injection. An S-phase of 5.8 h was measured by 3H plus 14C-TdR double-labelling experiments. Proliferation is completed 10 days after CC14-poisoning, coinciding with the restitution of the liver parenchyma. Bile-duct epithelia remain diploid during the whole proliferative period, which suggests that every S-phase leads to mitotic division. The number of duct cells in portal cross sections remains constant. A quantitative model of the CC14- induced proliferation of interlobular bile duct cells is presented after calculating the total number of S-phases, the increase in cell number, and the final percentage of 3H-labelled nuclei (continuous infusion of 3H-TdR) as a function of time: With regard to 100 bile duct cells at the onset of proliferation 20 per cent S-phases occur during the first maximum and an additional 26 per cent occur during the second maximum of DNA SYNTHESIS, WHICH LEADS TO A 1.46-FOLD INCREASE IN CELL NUMBER. As derived from continuous 3H TdR labelling (48 per cent 3H-labelled nuclei at the 6th day) and autoradiographic grain density measurements, the second wave of S-phases is due to DNA synthesis in ductular cells that have been formed during the first proliferative maximum. It is not possible to determine whether the proliferative activity observed is induced by lethal damage to bile-duct cells in the early course of CC14-poisoning, followed by compensatory growth and replacement of degenerate cells, or by nonspecific growth stimulation, inducing hyperplastic growth and elongation of terminal bile ducts. PMID- 804209 TI - Membrane unbound crystals in pancreatic acinar cells of the mouse. AB - The exocrine pancreas of normal mice was investigated electron microscopically. The crystals were encountered in the basal cytoplasm of the acinar cells. They exhibited usually rectangular or rhomboidal profiles, measuring less than 5 mum in length and more than 0.1 mum in width. The matrices of these crystals displayed substructures of parallel dense linear pattern. The center-to-center distances between the dense lines were 100 similar to 150 A. The crystals were not limited at their surface by any membrane, but rather were densely circumscribed or sporadically surrounded by ribosomes. Filaments were interposed between ribosomes and crystal matrices and also between matrices of abutting crystals. The significance of the close relation of ribosomes to crystals was discussed. PMID- 804210 TI - The effect of heat treatment on the damage and recovery of the protein synthesis mechanism of human kidney cell line. AB - The effect of supraoptimal temperature on the suppression and recovery of protein synthesis activity in cultures of human kidney cell line was studied. It was shown that 44 degrees C is a critical temperature to these cells, and after exposure to this temperature for 3 hours no recovery of protein synthesis activity could be detected. The cloning efficiency of cells exposed to 44 degrees C for 2 hours was irreversibly reduced to zero. Protein synthesis at 43 degrees C was much less affected, showing considerable recovery after eight hours exposure. Differences in heat susceptibility of individual cells in the culture were observed, but the reason for this heterogeneity is not yet known. PMID- 804211 TI - [Purification of deamidase AG (asparaginase-glutaminase) from Pseudomonas fluorescens AG and some physicochemical properties of the enzyme]. AB - Deamidase AG (asparaginase-glutaminase) was obtained from Pseudomonas fluorescens in a crystalline apparently homogenous state. Molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equal to 128 000 daltons; by ultracentrifugation (56100 rev/min, 65 min, 20.5 degrees C) coefficient of sedimentation was shown to be 7.36 S. Optimal pH for asparaginase activity of the enzyme was at pH 8.0-9.0, for glutaminase activity--at pH 5.5-7.5. PMID- 804213 TI - [Clinical evaluation of briserine, a hypotensive agent]. PMID- 804212 TI - An inhibitor to erythrocyte agglutination in bovine albumin preparations. AB - Three out of 28 commercial preparations of bovine serum albumin have been encountered which have an inhibitory effect on the assay of anti-Rh-o(D) using the Technicon AutoAnalyser. The inhibitory property, which can also be demonstrated by standard manual serological techniques, appears to be directed towards the second stage of the agglutination reaction. An automated screening procedure for bovine serum albumin preparations and some properties of the inhibitor are described. PMID- 804214 TI - [Action of glycocorticosteroids on the lymphocyte system]. PMID- 804215 TI - [The present stand of knowledge in the general treatment of burns: a review (author's transl)]. AB - This review article reports the present stand of knowledge in regard to recent therapeutic developments in the general management of severe burns. Especial emphasis is placed on the importance of parenteral nutrition, qualitatively and quantitatively correct fluid replacement and acidosis phrophylaxis or early, specific treatment of acidosis for survial. PMID- 804216 TI - [Use of deuterium in studying water metabolism of living organisms]. PMID- 804217 TI - [Neurologic syndromes and comatose states in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 804218 TI - [Findings from immunomorphologic studies of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in several infectious-allergic diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 804220 TI - [Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics disorders in patients with remote sequelae of closed brain injuries]. PMID- 804221 TI - [Detection of acoustic signals against a noisy background by patients with focal epilepsy]. PMID- 804219 TI - [Criteria for early neurologic diagnosis of the basic clinical forms of closed trauma to the skull and brain]. PMID- 804222 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic studies in convulsive forms of status epilepticus]. PMID- 804223 TI - [Biogenic amine levels in patients with traumatic epilepsy]. PMID- 804224 TI - [X-ray irradiation as a factor evincing cerebral epileptiform preparedness]. PMID- 804225 TI - Hepatitis B virus antigen quantitation by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in viral hepatitis and in chronic liver diseases. AB - The incidence of HBAg in viral hepatitis, in chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhosis has been investigated by using immunological methods and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. RIA demonstrated as positive: 90% of 20 patients with posttransfusion hepatitis; 88% of 50 patients with acute viral hepatitis; 100% of 13 patients with chronic active hepatitis and 35% of 20 patients with cirrhosis; whereas the frequency of HBAg in the same patients appeared to be lower by AGD, CIEP and CF. The measure of antigenaemia has been obtained by use of HBAg (ad) dose response standard curve. The quantitative HBAg data of an eight-week follow up of fully recovered 15 patients with acute hepatitis are reported. In the first week it appeared a distribution of the HBAg levels into three classes of values. The concentration of HBAg in the serum became lower week by week and in 8th week the antigen was no longer detectable. The radioimmunoquantitation of HBAg in the serum of patients suffering from chronic acitve hepatitis and cirrhosis showed wide levels of antigenaemia ranging between 17 and 5100 ng ad equivalent/ml. The use of a dose response standard curve in order to quantify HBAg in the serum represents a further increased sensitivity of RIA. PMID- 804226 TI - The fight against cystic fibrosis. PMID- 804228 TI - Enzymatic differences between short-lived and long-lived Drosophila strains. AB - The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The activity of acid phosphatase increased during the whole onto- genesis of both Drosophila strains studied--the short-lived vestigial and the long-lived white. This increase was more marked in the more rapidly ageing vestigial flies. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased in both strains of flies simultaneously from the larval stage to young imagos. A slight increase of the activity as in old vestigial as in adult white flies appeared. PMID- 804227 TI - Findings in routine laboratory examination in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. AB - Thirty-one patients suffering from progressive myoclonus epilepsy, (also called Unverricht-Lundborg's disease) without Lafora bodies, were examined to check the findings reported in literature and to chart out the main abnormalities in routine laboratory findings. Many alterations could be pointed out, but a high proportion of them were due to factors which are secondary to the syndrome of progressive myoclonus epilepsy: continuous anticonvulsive medication; immobilization; frequent infections; and the patient's poor nutritional condition. The most remarkable finding, and the only one which supported the abnormality reported earlier, was the raised excretion of indican which could not be explained by fermentation in the bowels. The urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion was a little low, but still within the normal range. The tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism deserves further investigation in attempting to discover the aetiology of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 804229 TI - The physiology of epilepsy. PMID- 804230 TI - Pathologic aspects of epilepsy with special reference to the surgical pathology of focal cerebral seizures. PMID- 804231 TI - Focal epilepsy: the problem, prevalence, and contributing factors. PMID- 804232 TI - Cortical resection in the treatment of focal epilepsy. PMID- 804233 TI - Stereotactic and other procedures for epilepsy. PMID- 804234 TI - Psychological aspects of focal epilepsy and its neurosurgical management. PMID- 804235 TI - Neurosurgical management of the epilepsies. Critique and perspectives. PMID- 804237 TI - Principles of clinical investigation of surgical candidates. PMID- 804236 TI - Criteria for selection of patients for neurosurgical treatment. PMID- 804238 TI - Contributions of electroencephalography and electrocorticography to the neurosurgical treatment of the epilepsies. PMID- 804239 TI - Structure and function of the J chain. PMID- 804240 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus as a cause of severe mitral regurgitation. New problem in an old disease. AB - Clinical and morphologic observations in three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and severe mitral regurgitation are described. Attention is called to the "healing" of Libman-Sacks endocarditis, an infrequent occurrence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the era before steroid therapy. The mitral regurgitation in our patients appears to have resulted from "healing" of the Libman-Sacks vegetations by scarring and calcification. The healing is attributed to long-term corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 804241 TI - Letter: Natural history of angina pectoris. PMID- 804243 TI - Association of growth status and the incidence of nutrition deficiency signs. AB - The validity of using the index weight--height in the assessment of nutritional status was evaluated. The suitability of the index and its relation to growth status and nutritional deficiency signs were assessed through the: 1) comparison of incidence rates of nutrition deficiency signs and growth rates by scales of overall weight--height values less than or above 0.15; 2) comparison of growth rates and incidence of nutrition deficiency signs by classification of children depending on the frequency with which they maintained the index above or below 0.15; and 3) intercorrelations between growth rates, incidence rates of PCM, and absolute values of weight--height index. PMID- 804244 TI - Nutritional status and the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. AB - The number of deciduous teeth in a sample of rural Ladino Guatemalan children was counted every 3 months through 24 months of age, and at 6-month intervals from 24 to 36 months. Nutritional status at birth, whether expressed as full-term birth weight or as maternal caloric supplementation during pregnancy, influences the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. Furthermore, the timing of deciduous tooth eruption seems more closely associated with postnatal weight than with birth weight. Although indices of nutritional deficiencies are associated with retarded tooth eruption, the use of mean number of deciduous teeth erupted as an estimate of mean chronological age in populations living under conditions of mild-to moderate malnutrition is relatively accurate because errors of age estimation based on mean values for the present sample only vary between 1 and 2 months. PMID- 804242 TI - Comparative anatomical study of the hyoid apparatus in selected primates. AB - This paper embodies a comparative study of the hyoid apparatus in six species of primates. There is a direct correlation between a predominantly herbivorous diet and an increase in the relative size of the basihyal (the body) of the hyoid bone. The basihyal has a deep "cup-shaped" concavity in the howler but is very flat in the marmoset. The baboon, rhesus and capuchin fall in between these two extremes. The configuration and size of the basihyal are directly proportional to the presence or absence and the size of the median air-sacs. Of the species studied, the posterior cornu (thyrohyal) of the hyoid bone is present in all the species, but the hypohyal is present only in the baboon, rhesus and capuchin. A true styloid process is found only in the baboon, although the rhesus has a bony spicule. All except the howler have a stylomandibular ligament from which arise the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus and styloglossus muscles. The anterior bellies of the two sides of the digastric muscle are truly united only in the marmoset, but are approximated in the baboon and rhesus. The stylohyoid muscle at its insertion into the basihyal is pierced by the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle in the rhesus and capuchin, but not in the howler and baboon. In the marmoset the presence of a stylohoid muscle is variable. PMID- 804245 TI - In vitro uptake of labeled amino acids by red blood cells of children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The in vitro uptake of 14C-glycine, 14C-leucine and 35S-methionine by red blood cells as well as the red blood cells and plasma amino acid patterns were studied in 20 children with protein-calorie malnutrition. Blood samples were obtained from each patient on admission, following clinical recovery and, when possible, several months later. Amino acid uptake as well as levels of red blood cells and plasma amino acids are quantitatively changed in protein-calorie malnutrition. Significantly increased uptake of 14C-glycine but decreased uptake of 14C-leucine and 35S-methionine were observed in patients on admission. Following clinical recovery the uptake values of all three amino acids were markedly reduced to levels significantly below normal. Several months later values for glycine and leucine uptake were found to be normal. No significant correlation, however, was found between glycine, leucine, or methionine uptake values and concentrations of these amino groups in RBCs or plasma of patients. It is concluded that the elevations observed in red blood cell amino acids of protein-calorie malnutrition patients are not purely a result of increased amino acid uptake of RBCs and that normalization of both amino acid uptake values and their concentrations in RBCs require longer than the treatment period. PMID- 804247 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in four adult patients during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Four undernourished adults (15%-37% below idealll body weight) received fat-free total parenteral nutrition for a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Chemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency (triene:tetraene ratio greater than 0.4) appeared in all patients during the first 3 weeks of treatment. Deficiency developed more rapidly in the two patients who were younger (ages 16 and 36) and more severely undernourished (26% and 37% below ideal body weight) than in the two older patients (62 and 76) who were less undernourished (15% and 16% below idea body weight). All patients continued to gain weight and maintain positive nitrogen balance throughout the course of total parenteral nutrition and developing essential fatty acid deficiency. Hepatomegaly and increased serum liver enzyme activities occurred in the two patients with evidence of the most severe essential fatty acid deficiency. Liver biopsy, in the cases with hepatomegaly, showed hepatocytes containing fat and what appeared to be enlarged, spherical mitochondria. There was no cellular infiltrate or significant degree of necrosis. Supplementation with oral linoleic acid (as safflower oil) reversed the essential fatty acid deficiency and the elevation of serum liver enzymes. PMID- 804248 TI - Evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in gross obesity. AB - Glucose tolerance and insulin responses have been examined over extended periods in severely obese, but otherwise healthy, subjects. Three significant points emerge from this study. First, it was shown that obese, supposedly ketosis resistant, subjects may deteriorate in a brief time span from a state of normal glucose disposal and adequate or increased insulin responses to insulin-deficient diabetes, culminating in ketoacidosis. Unusually high blood glucose levels complicating the ketoacidosis in two patients suggest hyperosmolarity obesity and added risk factor in severely obese diabetics. It appears that, after long standing obesity and after years of hyperinsulinemia, a large weight gain due to prolonged overeating may impose an excessive challenge to islet cells of marginal competence. Such an event by itself or a superimposed stress or both may then cause acute insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance leading to diabetic ketoacidosis. Hyperosmolarity may be exacerbated in the obese with cessation of food intake due to large losses of salt and water. Second, many symptoms and manifestations of hyperphagic obesity are similar to the early functional abnormalities of decompensated diabetes. The advent of the critical phase of uncontrolled diabetes, therefore, fails to alarm the obese patient and may escape timely recognition by the physician. Third, technical and mechanical difficulties due to severe obesity are apt to cause critical delays in therapy. These factors, when added to coexisting hyperosmolarity and ketoacidosis, probably account for the high mortality in these patients. PMID- 804246 TI - Physical growth of cebus monkeys, Cebus albifrons, during protein or calorie deficiency. AB - Infant cebus monkey (Cebus albifrons) on experimental diets providing low-protein (2.8% of calories) or low-calorie (67% of ad libitum intake) levels for 20 weeks beginning at 8 weeks of age showed marked changes in their patterns of physical growth. Significant size differences between the malnourished animals and the control group appeared within 4 weeks. Although rates of growth were significantly reduced in all measurements, all of the malnourished monkeys, including low-protein animals showing zero weight gain, continued skeletal growth (except in skull measurements) at low levels for the duration of experiment. Both the protein- and calorie-restricted animals developed a thin, emaciated appearance often associated with marasmus, not by the continuous loss of tissue byt by the redistribution of the tissue over a slowly expanding skeleton. For many skeletal proportions, the pattern and shape development in the malnourished animals differed from that of the control animals. Growth during malnutrition was most affected in those parts of the skeleton which were more advanced in relative size. PMID- 804249 TI - Safe protein-calorie ratios in diets. The relative importance of protein and energy intake as causal factors in malnutrition. AB - There has been up to now a lack of agreement as to the way in which protein and energy requirements could be combined to give estimates of adequate dietary protein-energy ratios. In particular, the relevance of the simple ratio, average protein--average energy requirement as a basis for assessing diets, has been questioned on the grounds that it fails to take account of individual variability in needs for energy, and of the extent to which these may be independent of variability in protein requirements. The main problem is to evaluate the range over which individuals can adapt either energy intake to suit expenditure, or expenditure to suit intake, without detriment to health or growth. One solution adopted by Beaton and Swiss in a recent paper is to accept the range of observed variability of energy intakes in normal populations as a measure of this. An alterative is to make use of experimental evidence for the minimum energy intake for maintenance of body energy content. These two approaches are compared, and are shown to give quantitatively similar results. The method based on minimum maintenance requirements offers the further advantage that it allows an assessment of dietary situations in relation to the likelihood of occurrence of different forms of protein--energy malnutrition; those situations in which protein deficiency is a secondary consequence of low energy intake are differentiated from those in which the primary cause is an inadequate level of protein in the diet. The adequate "safe" level of protein-energy ratio in the diets of 2- to 3-year old children is close to 5% and since most varieties of cereal grains appear to provide utilizable protein levels of close to this amount, this lends further support to the view that primary protein deficiency is unlikely to be the main factor causing protein-energy malnutrition in communities for which cereals are the cheapest source of energy. PMID- 804251 TI - Bacterial endocarditis produced by Listeria monocytogenes. Case presentation and review of literature. AB - A patient with endocarditis produced by Listeria monocytogenes is presented, the twelfth such case reported. A review of the available literature shows that the infection has involved only the left side of the heart, has not been associated with debilitating diseases, and carries a significant mortality rate. Otherwise, clinical and laboratory features have been the same as those of usual forms of bacterial endocarditis. It is pointed out that the Listeria organism is commonly mistaken for Erysipelothrix and diphtheroids and that a battery of tests should be employed before one disregards these microorganisms as "contaminants". PMID- 804250 TI - Bacteremia and postmortem microbiology in burned children. AB - During a three-year period, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the organisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures of burned children. Microorganisms were considered to contribute to the cause of death in 17 of 20 patients who died from various complications of thermal injuries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was involved in eight deaths, whereas other Gram-negative bacilli or fungi, or both, were involved in the deaths of the remaining nine patients. The microbiologic examination of cardiac blood and pulmonary tissue correlated reasonably well with clinical and anatomic judgments of cause of death, as well as with the defining of some cases of "terminal sepsis". PMID- 804252 TI - Immunologic evidence of human fetal infection with Coxiella burneti. AB - Immunologic evidence of human fetal infection with Coxiella burneti is presented. Cord sera obtained from normal newborns in an area of high Q fever endemicity, the United Arab Republic, were shown to have high antibody titers against C. burneti and elevated IgM levels. Absorption of the sera with C. burneti antigen removed all detectable specific antibody activity and reduced the IgM level to accepted normal limits. PMID- 804253 TI - Some effects of diazepam on pregnancy in the Balb/C mouse. AB - Female Balb/C mice aged 60 to 72 days were mated with males aged 60 to 150 days and conception was diagnosed when a vaginal plug was noted. Females were randomized into five groups, Group A animals were fed a mixture of diazepam propylene glycol which contained 0.02 mg. of diazepam in 0.1 ml. solution per day from day 1 to 9 of the gestation. Group B animals were fed the same mixture on days 5 to 12 of the gestation. Groups C and D animals were fed 0.1 ml. of propylene glycol on gestational days 1 to 9 and 5 to 12, respectively. Group E animals served as pure controls and were fed no drug or vehicle. All animals were killed on pregnancy day 15; All pups were counted, weighed, and studied grossly for anomalies. All uteri were scored for absorption sites. Nonpregnant uteri were studied histologically and scored for day of estrogen cycle. Animals fed diazepam on days 5 to 12 of gestation (Group B) had a significantly fewer number of pregnancies than did the other groups (p smaller than 0.001). In addition, pups delivered of diazepam-fed mice were heavier than control animals. No significant differences were noted, however, with respect to litter size, number of resorption sites, or presence of gross anomalies. In view of these data it would seem prudent to continue to avoid the use of diazepam during pregnancy. PMID- 804254 TI - Optic nerve glioma and cerebellar astrocytoma in a patient with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. AB - A 2 and a half year-old boy with neurofibromatosis developed unilateral proptosis, decreased visual acuity, and optic disk edema. After the discovery and removal of an optic nerve glioma, the patient had ten years of excellent health until he began having headaches, nausea, and vomiting. He had papilledema in his remaining eye. At exploration, a cerebellar astrocytoma and a neuroglial hamartoma were removed. The occurrence of a glioma of right anterior visual pathway associated with other primary intracranial lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis was not previously reported. PMID- 804255 TI - Spontaneous resolution of endogenous Candida endophthalmitis complicating intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - Untreated patients with endogenous Candida endophthalmitis who have not died of disseminated disease have required enucleation. A 57-year-old woman had endogenous Candida endophthalmitis developing subsequent to catheter sepsis during hyperalimentation, in which no antimycotic therapy was employed. The endophthalmitis resolved, and good visual acuity was preserved. PMID- 804257 TI - Letter: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone as an antidepressant. PMID- 804256 TI - Coagulation changes in baboons during acute experimental hemoglobinemia and dextran infusion. AB - Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was dought in normal baboons infused with autologous hemolyzed whole blood, preceded or followed by infusion of dextran (molecular weight, 70,000). Mean peak plasma hemoglobin following a rapid single injection was 370 mg/100 ml in 2 animals and 1,236 mg/100 ml in 1 animal, while levels during continuous 5 hour infusion in 2 animals averaged 326 and 474 mg/100 ml, respectively. Dextran infusion immediately preceded hemoglobin injection in 2 baboons and followed hemoglobin injection by 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 hours, respectively, in 2 baboons. Coagulation studies showed a moderate although significant fall in platelet count with prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time following hemoglobin infusion, and shortening of the thrombin time after dextran. Fibrin degradation products developed in four of five experiments after hemolysate injection. The induction of acute experimental hemoglobinemia results, therefore, in the development of coagulation changes consistent with milk DIC. Preliminary infusion of dextran (molecular weight, 70,000) may facilitate this response by either initiating the development or impeding the clearance of fibrin degradation products. PMID- 804258 TI - Cogwheel rigidity related to lithium maintenance. AB - Neurological examinations of 27 outpatients receiving lithium carbonate maintenance therapy for recurrent affective illness revealed that most of the patients receiving lithium for more than 8 months had cogwheel rigidity. The data suggest a positive correlation between the duration of lithium maintenance and the severity of cogwheeling. Intravenous administration of benztropine, an antiparkinsonian drug, did not abolish or significantly ameliorate this symptom. PMID- 804259 TI - Imipramine and seizures. AB - The authors report the case of a psychotic preschool child who manifested a seizure disorder while on imipramine treatment. They note that according to his history and physical exam, the child fell within a group which seems predisposed to this side effect. Although tricyclic antidepressant compounds can be used judiciously with seizure-prone individuals, the authors recommend that alternative modalities be given first consideration. PMID- 804260 TI - Lithium carbonate in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Six patients with tardive dyskinesia were treated with lithium carbonate in an open clinical trial. Evaluations using a new tardive dyskinesia rating scale showed statistically significant improvement in dyskinetic movements while the patients received lithium. This improvement was consistently observed in all patients but was relatively small when compared to the amount of pathology present. PMID- 804261 TI - X-ray depth doses from linear accelerators in the energy range from 10 to 32 Mev. AB - The depth dose characteristics of the x-ray beam from a linear accelerator have been studied in the electron energy range from 10 to 32 MeV for various target and flattening filter combinations. At all energies the most penetrating x-ray beam is obtained with a low atomic number flattening filter. At energies below 15 MeV a high atomic number target should be used, while at energies above 15 MeV a low atomic number target should be employed to get the best depth dose distribution. The optimum target thickness is approximately equal to the mean range of electrons in the target material. The study of some physical parameters such as depth dose, average dose, and integral dose, suggests that the optimum energy for linear accelerators used in the x-ray mode is about 25 MeV. PMID- 804262 TI - An instrument for the rapid check of output, energy and field symmetry of supervoltage therapy equipment. AB - Seven of the described instruments have been produced and are in use at radiation therapy centers in Washington and Oregon. The device has already served its purpose to alert the radiotherapist to a malfunction in his machine on numerous occasions. PMID- 804263 TI - Chemotherapy of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri and Aotus models. AB - Three standard antimalarial compounds were tested against trophozoite or sporozoite induced infections of the Panamanian Achiote strain of Plasmodium vivax in two species of monkeys. In Saimiri sciureus (24 subjects) and Aotus trivirgatus (11 subjects), parasite clearance from the peripheral blood averaged 3 days after initiating chloroquine therapy (total dose of 25 mg base/kg body weight over 3 days or single dose of 10 mg base/kg. Trophozoite induced infections were cured in all of 10 Saimiri and all of 6 Aotus, as indicated by the absence of relapses. Relapses did occur in 3 of 11 tests with Saimiri and 3 of 5 tests with Aotus against sporozoite induced infections. Subpatent periods ranged from 38 to 111 days among intact and splenectomized hosts. This is the first chemotherapeutic evidence for the persistence of exoerythrocytic stages of P. vivax in New World monkeys. Pyrimethaminr (single dose of 1 mg/kg) cured trophozoite induced infections in all of five Saimiri hosts. Radical cure of sporozoite induced infections was accomplished in each of six trials with chloroquine (25 mg base/kg) plus primaquine (1 mg base/kg for 14 days). The primary attack or relapse was treated. These models warrant further investigation in chemotherapy. PMID- 804264 TI - Biological screening in the U.S. Army antimalarial drug development program. AB - The methods of testing drugs in the United States Army Antimalarial Drug Development Program are described. To date over two hundred thousand compounds have been screened. For each 3,000 compounds evaluated in the primary screen, only 1 is assessed for efficacy in the final test system. Of those potential antimalarials assessed in this last system, only about half are deemed worthy of preclinical toxicological evaluation. PMID- 804265 TI - Pathogenesis of acute avian malaria. II. Anemia mediated by a cold-active autohemagglutinin from the blood of chickens with acute Plasmodium gallinaceum infection. AB - A cold-active hemagglutinin for trypsinized human type "O" erythrocytes (CAH) from blood of chickens with acute Plasmodium gallinaceum malaria was found to be associated with 19 S and 7 S globulin fractions of malarious chicken blood, but cleavage with 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that it was primarily of the IgM class of antibody. In serologic tests CAH reacted with trypsinized erythrocytes, and anti-chicken globulin. It did not react with other of the antigens or antibodies detected in the blood of malarious chickens. When the absorbed and eluted CAH was injected into normal chickens it produced an anaphylactic-like shock and caused a 25% reduction in red blood cell counts within 48 hours. Plasma samples collected during this interval showed signs of hemolysis. Reactions of blood cells from the recipient birds with fluorescein conjugated anti-chicken globulin indicated that CAH reacted with erythrocytes. The absence of fluorescent activity 3 days after injection suggested that these erythrocytes had been removed from the circulation. When normal chickens were injected with trypsinized autologous blood cells, CAH was detected within 3 days. The agglutination test again was active at temperatures below 22 degrees C and was negative when tested at 37 degrees C. In these birds the appearance of CAH was accompanied by reductions in red blood cell counts and by hemolysis. The results of these experiments suggest that CAH was not stimulated by plasmodial parasite antigen, but rather by autoantigens, which appear to be common to heterologous animal species, and which were in some manner expressed by the presence of the intracellular parasites, or by trypsin treatment. The experiments further suggest that this autohemagglutinin was partially causal of malarial anemia. The presence of other anemia factor(s) was indicated by anemia following injection of plasma that had been absorbed free of CAH. PMID- 804266 TI - Epidemiological pattern of Chagas' disease in an endemic area of Costa Rica. AB - Triatoma dimidiata was found in association with 34.6% of the houses in a representative town within the dispersion area of the insect. The mean density over the entire study period was 21.5 insects per house, but it tended to be lower in the majority of the houses. Insects usually were associated with dirt floors, poor sanitary condition of dwellings, and piles of firewood. The infection rate of 3,276 insects for Trypanosoma cruzi was 30.9%. The infection was demonstrated in several synanthropic animals: 25 dogs (9.9%); 3 cats (2.9%); 121 Rattus rattus (30.6%); 1 R. norwegicus (3.8%); and 11 mice (10.7%). Among six species of wild reservoirs from the surrounding bush found infected with T. cruzi, the common opossum (together with the black rat) was considered the most important reservoir of the parasite. Besides the relative abundance and the high infection rate of the opossum (62.5% by direct methods), its natural association with T. dimidiata was likewise demonstrated. Among 1,420 persons examined serologically, 166 (11.7%) were positive; xeno-diagnosis was positive in 14 (2.2%) out of 636 persons, and electrocardiograms (EKG's) were compatible with Chagas' cardiopathy in 60 (6.0%) of 1,006 persons examined. The EKG alterations were significantly higher in serologically positive persons. Studies in a control town, free of vectors, showed complete absence of the infection in both humans and animals. PMID- 804267 TI - Thrombocytopenia in trypanosomiasis. AB - In all of four patients with African trypanosomiasis, thrombocytopenia was present on admission to hospital or developed during the course of the illness. One patient with severe thrombocytopenia died following gastrointestinal haemorrhage shortly after admission to hospital. Kinetic studies in the other three patients showed marked pooling of platelets in the spleen in all, but severe shortening of platelet life-span in only one. Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was found in 3 patients, 2 of whom received heparin therapy. These findings provide evidence that thrombocytopenia is a feature of African trypanosomiasis and is due mainly to hypertrophy of the reticuloendothelial system which accompanies the infection. In some patients immune damage to platelets or platelet consumption as part of DIC may be an additional factor contributing to the thrombocytopenia. PMID- 804268 TI - A direct agglutination test for leishmaniasis. AB - Antigen suspensions of enzyme-treated, formalin-fixed promastigotes of three species of Leishmania (L. donovani, L. tropica, and L. braziliensis) were evaluated by using the direct agglutination test with serum samples from healthy individuals and patients with confirmed cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. High cross-reactivity was obtained with the three antigens in tests with leishmania sera. Sera from patients with kala-azar were 61% to 96% positive when tested with all three antigens. In tests with sera from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, 81% were positive with L. donovania and L. braziliensis antigen, whereas only 54% to 55% were positive with the other two antigens. Normal sera were reactive at low dilutions of 1:16 or less with L. braziliensis antigens. Normal sera tested with L. tropica antigen reacted to a titer of 128. PMID- 804269 TI - Serology of Capillaria philippinensis infection: reactivity of human sera to antigens prepared from Capillaria obsignata and other helminths. AB - The reactivity of sera from 151 confirmed human cases of Capillaria philippinensis infection was examined by double diffusion and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests chiefly against Capillaria obsignata antigen because of the present unavailability of C. philippinensis antigen. Antigens from additional parasites and other human and animal sera representing a variety of helminthic infections were used for comparison. Of 71 pre-treatment human sera, 56.3% were reactive by double diffusion test and 85.9% by IHA test (titer greater than 1:16) with C. obsignata antigen. C. philippinensis sera were also reactive with Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris vulpis antigens but not with Schistosoma japonicum antigens. Sera from other infections such as with T. spiralis, T. vulpis, and S. japonicum were also reactive with C. obsignata antigen but sera from Trichuris trichiura infection were not. With C. obsignata antigen, IHA titers in human C. philippinensis sera are apparently not related to clinical severity of the disease; the titers remain at fairly stable levels during the course of the illness but may tend to decrease after chemotherapy. The cross reactivities observed dictate caution in the use and interpretation of any serologic procedure for human intestinal capillariasis; nevertheless, the IHA test using C. obsignata antigen may be a useful addition tool in the study of C. philippinensis infection both for clinical and epidemiologic purposes especially when the efficiency of stool examination is decreased by changes in the reproductive activity of the helminth. PMID- 804270 TI - Long-term efficacy of tubercidin against schistosomiasis japonica and mansoni in primates. AB - Schistosomiasis japonica in capuchin msnkeys (Cebus apella) and schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons (Papio cyanocephalus and P. hamadryas) were completely arrested for 6 months in every infected primate receiving a single treatment with tubercidin (Tu), administered after prior absorption into 20% of their red cells. It is very likely that a single treatment with Tu sequestered in only 15% of the hosts' red cells would also be 100% effective for prolonged periods of time, but that with lower doses some relapses would be expected. Babbons with patent Schistosoma mansoni infections were rechallenged with S. mansoni cercariae 4 months after treatment with Tu. Although Tu eliminated almost all the sexually mature female worms from the primary infection but spared most of the males for continuing sojourn within their hosts, the baboons retained their full susceptibility to reinfection, as indicated by worm burdens and fecal egg excretion. However, the granulomatous reaction in the rechallenged Tu-treated baboons to new masses of eggs trapped in their livers appeared to be less intense than was seen in animals with primary infections. PMID- 804271 TI - Evaluation of four variants of the indirect hemagglutination test for human hydatidosis. AB - The comparative sensitivity and specificity of four technical variants of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for hydatidosis with tannic acid, glutaraldehyde, benzidine and formol treated cells, the same pool of hydatid cyst fluid and sera from hydatid and non-hydatid persons was studied. The number of reactors in each group of sera and the degree of reactivity of each serum sample varied with the type of IHA test. The sensitivity and specificity of each technique was related to the criterion on which IHA test positivity was based and to the group of sera examined. Of the four techniques, that employing tannic acid was considered as the choice IHA test for hydatid immunodiagnosis. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications to the use of a standard serum of known IHA test titer for reference purposes and to the significance of IHA test results for diagnostic and seroepidemiological studies. PMID- 804272 TI - Evaluation of three immunodiagnostic tests for human hydatid disease. AB - The comparative sensitivity and specificity of the immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), latex agglutination (LA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test for hydatidosis were evaluated using a single hydatid cyst fluid pool as antigen and the same hydatid and nonhydatid sera and were found to vary with the type of IHA test, the criterion for IHA test positively and the group of sera selected for study. The sensitivity of the LA and IEP tests was comparable, both tests correlated well and neither gave a positive result in the nonhydatid sera studied. The sensitivity of the IEP test was higher when IHA test positivity was based on diagnostically significant titers but not when all IHA test reactors were considered as positive to this test. The merits and limitations of the LA and IHA tests in diagnostic and seroepidemiologic studies of human hydatidosis are discussed. On the basis of the present findings, the use of the LA test and possibly of the tannic acid IHA test, to screen for IEP test positive sera is proposed as the most reliable immunodiagnostic approach to estimate the prevalence of human hydatidosis for seroepidemiologic purposes and also for detecting hydatidosis cases in the field. PMID- 804273 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy. AB - A 36 per cent response rate was obtained in fifty-eight nutritionally depleted patients with cancer who would otherwise have been denied adequate antitumor therapy because of the fear of complications from malnutrition and inanition. A positive correlation between the nutritional status of the patient and the chemotherapeutic tumor response was identified. Intravenous hyperalimentation can be a valuable adjunct to cancer chemotherapy by improving the nutritional status, increasing the total deliverable dose of anticancer agent per unit of time, and reducing the incidence and severity of the toxic gastrointestinal side effects without adversely stimulating malignant cell growth or producing septic complications. PMID- 804274 TI - Reversal of severe fatty hepatic infiltration after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity by calorie-free amino acid infusion. AB - Hepatic fatty infiltration complicating jejunoileal bypass can be massive and may require restoration of gastrointestinal continuity. This fatty infiltration appears to be caused by protein depletion associated with adequate or high carbohydrate intake. The present study has shown that calorie-free amino acid alimentation can reverse these changes. In three of thirteen patients who underwent 12 inch to 6 inch jejunoileal bypass procedures, symptomatic hepatomegaly developed with near total replacement of hepatocytes by massive fatty infiltration. After undergoing liver scan, liver biopsy, and liver function tests, the patients were started on a peripheral infusion of 2L per day of a 4.25 per cent crystalline amino acid solution, allowing for fat mobilization while preserving body protein stores. All oral intake was withheld except for water. At the end of a fourteen to twenty-one day infusion period, serum albumin levels increased by 1 gm in all patients. Decreases in liver volume of 83, 45, and 40 per cent occurred. During the infusion period ketonuria was 4 plus in all patients indicating active lipolysis. Weight loss was impressive (17, 19, and 40 pounds). All patients showed marked symptomatic improvement, and postinfusion liver biopsy specimens showed a return to near normal architecture. Maintenance of normal liver size by a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet was observed in a five to seven month follow-up period. In contrast to previous studies using standard hyperalimentation solutions, the use of calorie-free amino acid solutions reverses the hepatic fatty infiltration seen after intestinal bypass by mobilization of fat. This fat mobilization does not occur as readily in the presence of large amounts of glucose. PMID- 804275 TI - Emergency subclavian vein catheterization and intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - One hundred consecutive subclavian catheter insertions were performed by the surgical house staff of Martland Hospital, Newark, New Jersey, over a ten month period. The only complications were three punctures of the subclavian artery and one systemic infection. The following conclusions were drawn from these data. Maintaining a closed intravenous system with minimal manipulation of the catheter is the most important factor in avoiding infectious complication. Neither the routine use of irrigation of the catheter with amphotericin B nor insertion of the catheter under strict aseptic conditions is necessary to minimize infectious complications. The morbidity related to insertion of the catheter can be kept to a minimum if the catheters are inserted by experienced personnel. PMID- 804276 TI - Breast cancer in young women. PMID- 804277 TI - Midgut nonrotation in adults. An aggressive approach. AB - Five adults with midgut nonrotation were treated at Tripler Army Medical Center between January 1, 1966 and January 1, 1974. These patients usually presented with vague epigastric or lower abdominal symptoms. Initial diagnosis was generally based on barium enema studies revealing an entirely left-sided colon. However, on upper gastrointestinal series the absence of a normal duodenal "c" loop with straightening is also seen. Duodenal obstructive bands are rarely documented radiographically. Surgical intervention is frequently delayed in these patients due to the "atypical" symptoms and lack of correlation of these symptoms with objective radiographic changes. The high incidence of associated duodenal ulcer disease, the frequent occurrence of bowel obstruction, the persistence of chronic abdominal pain in the untreated patients, and the resolution of symptoms after anatomic correction point to the need for an aggressive approach to treatment in those patients who have chronic recurrent symptoms secondary to midgut nonrotation. PMID- 804278 TI - Simultaneous infusion of crystalloid solutions during long-term parenteral nutrition. PMID- 804279 TI - In vitro studies on the trabecular meshwork of the primate eye. AB - Small pieces of the chamber angle region of a vervet eye containing only a lamella of the corneosclera and the trabecular meshwork were cultured in vitro and studied by light and electron microscopy at various intervals. The explanted trabecular meshwork underwent a rapid dedifferentiation. The activation of the trabecular cells is demonstrated by an increasing amount of encoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and mitochondria. They are capable of phagocytosis for detritus and pigment granules. In the 45-day-tissue culture the trabecular cells revealed many lipid inclusions. In the culture the trabecular lamellae gradually dissolve, whereas the basement membranes and the elastic fibers remain unchanged for the longest. An increase or change in the clusters of lattice or curly collagen is not seen. PMID- 804280 TI - Adrenergic innervation of cat adrenal medulla. AB - Cat adrenal medulla was studied to determine whether or not an adrenergic nerve supply was available to medullary cells. The techniques used were those of routine electron microscopy, injection and uptake of "false" transmitter substance (5-hydroxydopamine), injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, which selectively destroys postganglionic adrenergic elements and a specific cytochemical method using glutaraldehyde and heavy metal techniques for cytochemical localization of biogenic amines. Each method consistently demonstrated adrenergic fibers and terminals in the adrenal medulla; these adrenergic elements contain dense, large core and small core vesicles which are not of the "dense cored" cholinergic type. Localization of adrenergic fibers and terminals is deemed significant since the latter had the bouton en passage configuration immediately adjacent to norepinephrine cells; adrenergic elements were not seen in close relationship to epinephrine cells. Consistency of the findings from the three techniques point to the fact that the norepinephrine cells of the adrenal medulla have a dual innervation, both cholinergic and adrenergic. This type of innervation pattern is not unique for the autonomic nervous system, but it has not been reported previously for adrenal medullary cells. It is believed that such an innervation pattern has functional and pharmacologic significance. PMID- 804281 TI - Mechanisms of photochemical air pollution. PMID- 804282 TI - Asymmetrically induced four component condensation with extremely high stereoselectivity and multiplication of stereoselectivity. PMID- 804283 TI - Hydrazinoribose--an intermediate for the specific formation of natural nucleosides and their derivatives. PMID- 804284 TI - Synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory steroids. PMID- 804286 TI - Postmortem fixation of human lungs for electron microscopy. AB - A simple method of lung tissue preservation immediately post mortem by transthoracic injection of stained glutaraldehyde is described. By repetitive injections at varying time intervals after death it can be shown qualitatively and quantitatively by morphometry that normal lung tissue shows good preservation for at least 8 hours, whereas autolysis sets in shortly after death in diseased lungs. PMID- 804285 TI - Editorial: Delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in tuberculosis. PMID- 804288 TI - Lactobacillus casei endocarditis. PMID- 804287 TI - Phage types of mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultures isolated from Eskimo patients. AB - The phage type of each of 3 colonies selected at random from cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from 233 Eskimo patients was determined. In 33 cultures, colonies of different phage types were observed. In 22 cases, the differences in phage types paralleled differences in drug susceptibility of the bacteria. A comparative study with cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from while patients did not reveal differences in phage types among 3 colonies from the same culture. This observation suggests that some of the numerous reactivations of the disease in Eskimo patients may be due to exogenous reinfections. PMID- 804289 TI - Immunochemical studies on the storage and axonal transport of neurophysins in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. PMID- 804290 TI - New results in the isolation of neurophysin proteins. PMID- 804292 TI - [Action of decamethoxin on diphtherial exotoxin]. AB - The results of the study of the detoxicating effect of decamethoxin on diphtheria toxin are presented. It was noted that decamethoxin in subbacteriostatic concentrations inhibited the process of the toxin production in Corynebacteria diphtheriae. The detoxicating effect of the drug was clearly evident when used in a concentration of 10gamma/ml at a 2-hour exposure. Decamethoxin in a dose of 0.1 gamma/ml neutralized the effect of the diphtheria toxin on contact for 24 hours. PMID- 804291 TI - Intravenous nutrition. Why, when, and with what? AB - The catabolic reaction to operation or severe trauma will give rise to a real risk of starvation unless sufficient attention is paid to the patient's energy and nitrogen requirements as well as to his fluid and electrolyte balance. The indications for intravenous nutrition in such cases are outlined and the various preparations available for the supply of energy and nitrogen are detailed. In the planning of an intravenous feeding regimen the patient's daily nitrogen losses must be estimated and a formula is provided for this purpose. The technique of parenteral nutrition is discussed and attention drawn to the various metabolic and complications that may be encountered. Neither hepatic impairment nor renal failure need be regarded as a contra-indication to intravenous feeding. PMID- 804293 TI - Comparison of D-glycerate dehydrogenases from beef liver, beef spinal cord and hog spinal cord. PMID- 804294 TI - Disodium etidronate therapy for dystrophic cutaneous calcification. AB - A patient with extensive disabling dystrophic cutaneous calcification and possible scleroderma was treated with orally administered doses of a diphosphonate known as disodium etidronate. This course of therapy seemed to arrest and partially reverse the progression of the calcifying process. Some deep deposits were then seen to dissipate and be partially reabsorbed, while some small superficial depcific deposits were halted in most areas while the patient was under therapy. Clinically, pain was reduced, recurrent abscess formation ceased, and joint mobility was improved. PMID- 804295 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma and urticaria pigmentosa. PMID- 804296 TI - The effect of differing ambient oxygen tensions on wound infection. AB - Wound infections were studied in rabbits using two standard inocula (approximately equal to 10-4 and approximately equal to 10-6) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injected into subcutaneous wound dead space made by implantation of standard wire mesh cylinders. The inoculation was done on the fourth day after implantation of the cylinders in animals kept from the day of implantation in atmospheres of 12%, 21%, or 45% oxygen content. Samples of wound fluid (0.2 ml) were removed for quantitative culture just before inoculation and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days later. No positive cultures resulted from samples taken before inoculation. One uninoculated wound served as a control in each animal. None of these control wounds became infected. Culture counts were significantly highest in the anoxic group and lowest in the hyperoxic group. Established infections were significantly lowest in the hyperoxics and highest in the hypoxics. The percent of wounds showing a significant culture count showed a similar trend. The mechanisms of this effect is not known, but a possible mechanism lies in the relative inability of leucocytes to kill this bacterium under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 804297 TI - Phosphate utilization and alkaline phosphatase activity in Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus). AB - Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus) was maintained in a medium of low phosphate concentration (0.1 mM) and grew with a normal doubling time of 5 hrs at 30 degrees C. Such cultures had a normal pigment composition and alkaline phosphatase was detectable at low specific activities only. The onset of phosphate-limited growth occurred when the phosphate concentration in the medium fell to a value below 4 muM (the limit of accurate determination by the assay method used ) and resulted in increases in alkaline phosphatase activity, reaching a final 10 to 15 fold increase in specific activity after a period of several hours. Marked changes in the overall pigment composition occurred in this period of growth restriction. The addition of phosphate to such cultures resulted in a halt in synthesis of the enzyme and the restoration of normal pigmentation before growth resumed at the normal rate. Several oraganic phosphate esters could replace inorganic phosphate for growth and were also hydrolyzed by the partially purified enzyme, but growth rates were characteristically lower and the specific activity only 3 to 4 fold higher than in cultures grown in phosphate excess. Studies with the partially purified enzyme suggested that it differed in some of its properties from other alkaline phosphatases described in the literature. PMID- 804298 TI - [Regulation and physiological significance of aspartate-ammonium lyase (aspartase) of Pseudomonas fluorescens type R (author's transl)]. AB - The biosynthesis of aspartate-ammonium lyase, the enzyme which is induced by aspartic acid, is specifically repressed by fumaric acid. In the presence of aspartate, the enzyme permits the deamination of this compound by the cell. Aspartic acid is converted into fumaric acid which is an intermediate in the Krebs'cycle. The reaction may be considered as an anaplerotic sequence. In the absence of aspartic acid in the culture medium, its role is anabolic; the enzyme catalyses the biosynthesis of this amino acid. Therefore it appears that the reversible reaction fumarate + NH3 = aspartate catalysed by aspartase is included in amphibolic processes. PMID- 804299 TI - [Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster cell lines of different genotypes and study of multiplication of two variants of sigma rhabdovirus in those lines (author's transl)]. AB - Strains of sigma virus which are called P- do not multiply in Drosophila strains called Paris, homozygous for the Pp allele of gene ref(2)P. Adsorption is normal and the virus is not destroyed. It seems that the viral function concerned is an early one. P+ variants isolated from a P- population do multiply in flies from the Paris strain. Three continuous cell lines homozygous for the Pp allele and one homozygous for the Po allele were isolated. Several attempts to infect those cell lines with P- and P+ variants of sigma virus were done. Cultures homozygous for the Pp allele reacted differently whether infection was initiated with P+ or P- viral strains, while cultures homozygous Po/Po gave the same result with both viral strains. Similarity between results obtained with two independent P- viral strains leads to the conclusion that the ref (2) P gene is active in cells from continuous cell lines; its Pp allele does not allow multiplication of P- viral types. An interpretation of the slight multiplication observed with concentrated inoculum is discussed. PMID- 804300 TI - Antimyelin antibodies in neurologic diseases. Immunofluorescent demonstration. AB - Antimyelin binding activity was determined in patients with multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other neurologic diseases, and normals. There was an increase in the group mean titer of antimyelin antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in acute exacerbation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Guillain-Barre syndrome. A lesser degree of binding was found in normals of all ages. There was an increase in the incidence of antimyelin antibodies in the IgM class in patients with ALS and MS. The interaction between human immunoglobulins and myelin seems to be immunologically specific and has the nature of an antigen-antibody reaction. PMID- 804301 TI - Sensitivities of ocular tissues to acute pressure-induced ischemia. AB - Intraocular pressure was artificially elevated for eight hours in eight owl monkeys. The first permanent effect (produced at a perfusion pressure of plus 15 mm Hg) was partial necrosis of iris stroma and ciliary processes, associated with microscopic lesions in the photoreceptors and retina pigment epithelium around the disc and in the retinal periphery. At a slightly higher pressure, visual nerve fibers in the retina and optic nerve and their ganglion cells were affected. Simultaneously, the outer retinal layers showed damage to the pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and other nuclear layers. At even higher pressures, nearly all the other intraocular tissues were affected except for Muller cells, astroglia in the optic nerve head, epithelium of the pars plana, and the pigment cells of the choroid. The possibility is raised of a nonischemic pressure-induced mechanism for destruction of disc astrocytes in human chronic glaucoma. PMID- 804302 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma. Management and prognosis. AB - Olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originating in the olfactory epithelium in the roof of the nose. It usually produces nasal obstruction and secondary sinus disease and is often mistaken by the physician for a nasal polyp. Olfactory neuroblastoma has been observed to cause death by distant metastasis or by invasion through the cribriform plate and secondary meningitis in most instances, and is generally associated with a low cure rate. During the past eight years, we have treated three patients with olfactory neuroblastoma by a combination of extensive local surgery using the lateral rhinotomy approach with ethmoidectomy and medial partial maxillectomy, combined with either preoperative or postoperative irradiation therapy. From a review of the literature we have tried to draw meaningful conclusions regarding treatment. PMID- 804303 TI - Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Hyperbaric oxygen used in the treatment of 14 patients with intractable osteonecrosis of the mandible produced a favorable response in relief of pain, elimination of extraoral draining sinus tracts, the return of osseous union in areas of the abnormal fracture, and the rapid dissolution of sequestrum without suppuration, so that further loss of hard and soft tissue was minimized. This treatment is a more conservative approach in the management of osteoradionecrosis. PMID- 804304 TI - Superior vestibular nerve sectioning. Experimental studies in squirrel monkeys. AB - Spontaneous, positional, and paroxysmal positional nystagmus were studied before and after sectioning the superior division of the vestibular nerve and the anterior vestibular artery in squirrel monkeys. Histopathologic study of the temporal bones confirmed the degeneration of the macula utriculi with release of statoconia, but failed to identify the released utricular statoconia within the vestibular endolymphatic space in any animal. Postoperatively the animals consistently demonstrated direction-fixed spontaneous nystagmus until the end of the experiment (five months). Positional tests and Dix-Hallpike maneuver occasionally changed the intensity of the spontaneous nystagmus, but never elicited paroxysmal positional nystagmus. Possible reasons for not demonstrating paroxysmal positional nystagmus in the squirrel monkey are as follows: a resorption of statoconia; slight morphological alteration of the sensory epithelia of the posterior cristae; interference of the posterior crista function due to partial collapse of the membranous ampulla; the existence of interspecies difference; or possibly a faulty hypothesis regarding the etiologic mechanism of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. PMID- 804305 TI - Ultrastructure of the skin in mucopolysaccharidoses. Studies performed before and after plasma infusion therapy. AB - Skin biopsy specimens of two siblings with Hunter syndrome and two siblings with type B Sanfilippo syndrome were examined by electron microscopy, at six-month intervals, before and after plasma infusion therapy. Electron-lucent, membrane bound vacuoles were seen in fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and in mononuclear cells both before and after the infusions. Based on the ultrastructural, clinical, and biochemical findings, it was concluded that there was no therapeutic benefit from these plasma infusions. PMID- 804307 TI - [New knowledge on the biology of Coccidia, Toxoplasma, Sarcosporidia and Besnoitia]. PMID- 804308 TI - A measurement of the fraction of chloroplast DNA transcribed in Euglena. PMID- 804309 TI - Stopped-flow circular dichroism: a rapid kinetic study of the binding of a sulphonamide drug to bovine carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 804306 TI - Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys: electron microscopy of the causal virus. AB - Spleens of turkey poults inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus were examined by electron microscopy. Negatively stained infectious extracts of spleen tissue contained adenolike virions averaging 75-80 nm in diameter. Intranuclear virions, either scattered or in crystalline arrays, were observed in thin sections of spleen tissue four days after inoculation. The chromatin was condensed and marginated in the nuclei of most cells which contained virions. Some virions in sections appeared as hollow cores with a double-layered capsid. The outer capsid was 75-80 nm in diameter, and the inner capsid 35-40 nm. Virions were not observed in cells or extracts of spleens from uninoculated poults. The detection of intranuclear virions at the time when symptoms appeared and specific antigen titer increased suggests that the adeno-like virions are the causal agent of hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. PMID- 804310 TI - An endonuclease activity in Bacillus subtilis specific for UV-irradiated DNA. PMID- 804311 TI - [Experimental studies on the mechanism of thrombocyte aggregation inhibition caused by sulfonylurea compounds. 2. Modification of blood sugar and thrombocyte aggregation by oral antidiabetics]. PMID- 804312 TI - The parenteral application of a new metacycline preparation, tri-metacycline. AB - Tri-metacycline, one of the new tetracycline complexes (tritetracyclines), is prepared by mere dissolution of metacycline hydrochloride in an aqueous solution of the complexing agent. In vitro and in vivo studies show a high antibiotic activity. Significantly lower MIC values were found for tri-metacycline than for the parent compound. Parenteral administration resulted in high sera and tissue values, without signs of accumulation; excretion via the kidneys was proved. PMID- 804313 TI - Clinical, haemodynamic, and coronary angiographic correlates of angina pectoris in patients with severe aortic valve disease. AB - Of 88 consecutive patients aged 20 to 77 years with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease requiring surgery, 51 patients had angina pectoris; of these 51, 41 had predominant aortic stenosis and 10 had severe aortic regurgitation. All patients with angina pectoris underwent coronary angiography; significant coronary arterial disease was encounted in 24 per cent of those with aortic stenosis and 20 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation. By contrast, of 37 patients without angina pectoris 19 underwent coronary arteriography; none showed significant coronary artery disease (P smaller than 0.05). Among patients with angina pectoris, 17 per cent of those with aortic stenosis experienced prolonged, rest or nocturnal pain, compared to 70 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.005). At the time of onset of angina pectoris, there were features of heart failure in 34 per cent of those with aortic stenosis, and in 90 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.005). Nitroglycerin promptly relieved angina pectoris in 56 percent of patients with aortic stenosis and in 50 per cent of those with aortic regurgitation (P smaller than 0.05). Neither the pattern of angina pectoris nor the response to nitroglycerin was dependent upon the coexistence of significant coronary artery disease. In patients with aortic stenosis, there was not significant difference between those with angina pectoris, and those without angina with regard to left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, peak systolic pressure, wall thickness, cardiac index, or the product of these factors. In patients with aortic regurgitation, cardiac index was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic volume tended to be larger, and ejection fraction tended to be lower in patients with angina pectoris as opposed to those without angina pectoris. PMID- 804314 TI - Amino acid sequence of Streptomyces griseus trypsin. Cyanogen bromide fragments and complete sequence. AB - Information compiled by automatic Edman degradation of Streptomyces griseus trypsin coupled with previous data has permitted the assignment of the first 36 residues at the NH2 terminus of the protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage at the three methionine residues followed or preceded by reduction and aminoethylation resulted in the production of four fragments, Cnl to Cn4, which were separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 or G-75. Fragments CN4 (15 RESIDUES) AND Cn3 (5 residues) were shown to be derived from the NH2 terminus of the protein while Cn2 (47 residues and devoid of homoserine) was from the COOH terminus. The arrangement of the fragments was thus Cn4-Cn3-Cn1-Cn2. Automatic Edman degradation in the sequenator coupled with peptides derived from alpha-lytic protease and chymotryptic digestion and from the peptic and tryptic peptides previously elucidated have permitted the sequence determination of fragments Cn1 and Cn2 and therefore of the whole protein. These studies show that extensive regions of identity or similarity exist between Streptomyces griseus trypsin and bovine trypsin. These include the NH2-terminal four residues, the sequences near histidine-57 (chymotrypsinogen A numbering system), aspartic acid-102, aspartic acid-189, and serine-195, the regions of the three disulfide bridges, and the COOH-terminal end (residues 225-229) of the proteins. When aligned to maximize homology the identity of residues is 34%. This identity is increased to 54% when only those residues classified as internal by Stroud et al. (Stroud, R. M., Kay, L. M., and Dickerson, R. E. (1971) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 36, 125) are considered. These results indicate that the folding of the polypeptide chains of the two enzymes is very similar and are in agreement with the very similar enzymic, chemical, and physical properties of the two enzymes. PMID- 804315 TI - Subunits of phycoerythrin from Fremyella diplosiphon: chemical and immunochemical characterization. AB - The alpha and beta subunits of the phycobiliprotein, phycoerythrin, isolated from the filamentous blue-green alga, Fremyella diplosiphon, have been separated by chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 ion exchange resin. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows no detectable cross contamination of these subunit preparations. The molar extinction coefficients at 552 nm of the alpha and beta subunits in 8 M urea are 25,549 and 48,456, respectively. The amino acid compositions of the subunits are very similar. Molecular weights of the alpha and beta subunits are 19,500 and 21,700, respectively, based on the amino acid composition analyses. Antisera prepared against the alpha subunit reacts with the beta subunit, and vice versa. Tryptic peptide maps reveal that the subunits share share at least eight common tryptic peptides. These results indicate that the phycoerythrin subunits are chemically very similar. PMID- 804316 TI - The copper coordination group in "blue" copper proteins: evidence from resonance Raman spectra. AB - Tunable dye laser excitation in the intense similar to 600-nm absorption band of azurin, plastocyanin, and ceruloplasmin provides resonance enhanced Raman spectra. They consist of a complex set of bands, at least three or four in number, between 350 and 473 cm-1, which are assignable to Cu-N or Cu-O bond stretching, and a weak band near 270 cm-1, which probably arises from Cu-S stretching. A weak band at 765 cm-1 found in plastocyanin may arise from C-S stretching. Analysis of the Raman intensity pattern, as well as of the nature of the resonant electronic transition, leads to a model of the "blue" copper site involving approximately trigonal-bipyramidal coordination, with a sulfur and two nitrogen ligands in the equatorial plane, and less strongly bound nitrogen or oxygen ligands at axial positions. This arrangement would be well poised for stabilization of Cu(I) upon reduction. PMID- 804317 TI - Linkage and assembly of polymeric IgA immunoglobulins. AB - The intersubunit linkage of polymeric IgA immunoglobulins was determined from studies of the products of reductive and cyanogen bromide cleavage. Under conditions of limited dithioerythritol reduction tetramer IgA molecules were cleaved to yield two monomers and a J chain containing dimer. The stability of the dimer and the conservation of the J chain disulfides indicated that the J chain joins two monomer subunits. Evidence confirming the J chain dimer clasp was obtained from the depolymerization of tetramer and dimer IgA by cyanogen bromide treatment. The cleavage studies also showed that (a) the S-S bonds directly joining the other subunits are located at the same penultimate alpha chain half cystines that constitute the site of J chain attachment and (b) during limited reduction the monomer-monomer bonds undergo interchange to release subunits without a concomitant generation of alpha chain thiols. These linkage data provide strong support for the assembly of IgA and IgM polymers by sequential disulfide exchanges beginning with the formation of a J chain containing dimer. PMID- 804318 TI - Comparative studies on the polypeptide composition of chloroplast lamellae and lamellar fractions. AB - The polypeptide composition of spinach chloroplast membranes and membrane fractions has been examined by the technique of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chloroplasts were fragmented into grana (Photosystem II enriched) and stroma lamellae (Photosystem I in character) by the French press technique. The grana lamellae were further fractionated by the use of digitonin into two fractions, one enriched in Photosystem II and the other enriched in Photosystem I. These membranes are composed of at least 15 polypeptides two of which, with approximate weights of 39 and 50 kdaltons, are observed only in granal fractions. Quantitatively the primarily Photosystem II fractions are enriched in polypeptides in the 30-23 kdalton range whereas the Photosystem I (or Photosystem I-enriched) fractions are enriched in polypeptides in the 60-54 kdalton region. The experiments reported show that contamination by soluble proteins or other membranes is negligible. The results indicate that subtle differences in composition account for the large differences in structure and function within the chloroplast membrane system. PMID- 804319 TI - Polygalacturonase of Botrytis cinerea E-200 Pers. AB - A polygalacturonase (poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.15) was purified from the culture fluid of Botrytis cinerea. The polygalacturonase preparation, homogeneous on the basis of disc-gel electrophoresis also showed pectinesterase activity. Some properties of the purified polygalacturonase were studied. It had a molecular weight about 69 000. It was inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate, tetranitromethane and urea. A 50% loss in viscosity of sodium polypectate solution occurred when 4.6% of the glycosidic bonds were hydrolyzed. The only end product of sodium polypectate and oligogalacturonides hydrolysis was monogalacturonic acid.? PMID- 804320 TI - Ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools in synchronized populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The content of ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates has been measured in asynchronous and synchronized populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The concentration of ribonucleotide triphosphates does not vary through the cell cycle. It seems to be a rule that the ATP pool is reduced during division only in cell types which also reduce macromolecular syntheses and respiration. The content of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates varies through the cell cycle. The pools are maximal during the S-period, but measurable amounts are present in all phases. PMID- 804321 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis induced with ultraviolet light in Brij 58-treated Bacillus subtilis spores germinated in the presence of chloramphenicol. AB - The direct measurement of ultraviolet light-stimulated DNA synthesis in the permeable Bacillus subtilis cells was performed. Bacillus subtilis spores germinated in the presence of chloramphenicol were treated with Brij 58 and irradiated with ultraviolet light, and (3H)dTTP was incorporated into these cells by the DNA polymerase assay system. Characteristics of the incorporation were distinct from those into spores germinated in the absence of chloramphenicol and treated with Brij 58, in the respect that the former incorporation did not require ATP and only partially depended on the presence of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. The incorporation of (3H)dTTP into DNA was confirmed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. A DNA polymerase I-deficient strain, JBl 49(59) had no (3H)sTTP incorporating activity induced by ultraviolet light irradiation when the germinated spores were treated with Brij 58. Analysis of alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed that fragmented DNA caused by ultraviolet light irradiation was rejoined to the size of DNA of non irradiated cells by incubating irradiated cells in the DNA polymerase assay mixture containing NAD+. The results also suggested that a machinery of DNA repair probably pre-existed in the spore. PMID- 804322 TI - Studies on a DNA photoreactivating enzyme from Streptomyces griseus. II. Purification of the enzyme. AB - A procedure is described for the isolation of a DNA photoreactivating enzyme from Streptomyces griseus. Application of chromatography on spherosil, ultraviolet irradiated DNA-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose and single stranded-DNA-agarose resulted in a 22 000-fold purification with 46 percent recovery on the initial activity. According to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the final preparation was virtually homogeneous. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme exhibited a marked absorption band in the 400-460 nm region in addition to protein absorption. PMID- 804323 TI - Calcium-promoted aggregation of erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - Introduction of Ca2+ (greater than 1 mM) into erythrocytes during hemolysis causes formation of an aggregate which is highly resistant to disruption by sodium dodecyl-sulfate and other denaturing agents. The process is temperature dependent, but it does not require incubation in isotonic medium. Aggregation can be prevented but not reversed with chelating agents such as ATP or EDTA. The aggregate can be isolated by chromatography in dodecylsulfate on Sepharose 4B. Its amino acid composition indicates that it contains spectrin as the primary, but not exclusive, polypeptide component. Aggregate formation does not require increased Ca2+ binding to the membranes, and no 45Ca2+ could be detected in the aggregate which had been separated by acrylamide electrophoresis on sodium dodecylsulfate. This indicates that the Ca2+ is important in the formation of the aggregate, but not in its stabilization or maintenance once it has been formed. PMID- 804324 TI - Biological and immunological activity of prothrombin in rough and smooth microsomes isolated from rat liver. AB - 1. The presence of biological and immunological activity of prothrombin in sonicates from rough and smooth microsomes has been investigated. 2. Biological activity of prothrombin was detected in both the rough and smooth microsomal fraction. The specific and the total activity of prothrombin in the sonicates from smooth microsomes were 3-4-fold higher than in the corresponding fraction from rough microsomes. 3. Prothrombin could be identified in both microsomal fractions by double immunodiffusion. 4. The presence of a macromolecular inhibitor of blood coagulation in the microsomes is reported. PMID- 804325 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of an IgA2 human immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of an IgA2, AIm(1) polymeric myeloma protein (Avil) was studied. Altogether, sequence data were obtained for some 130 residues. Including the amino acids placed by homology with IgA1, this accounts for some 170 residues, thus representing more than one-third of the alpha2 chain. The sequence includes 26 amino acids from the amino-terminal end (V-H III), and 25 residues at the "hinge" region. Of a total of 17 cysteine residues, 14 were located in regions of the molecule which were identical or homologous in the alpha1 and alpha2 chains. These striking homologies, together with the results obtained by diagonal maps of classes of IgA. Study of the cysteine-containing peptides of the J chain are consistent with the conclusion that the J chains associated with different classes of immunoglobulins are identical. PMID- 804326 TI - Specificity of lipoxygenases. Separation of isomeric hydroperoxides by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The methyl esters of the 9 and 13 hydroperoxides obtained from oxygenation of linoleate by potato and soyabean lipoxygenases have been separated and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 804327 TI - Proteins and the intracellular exchange of lipids. I. Stimulation of phospholipid exchange between mitochondria and microsomal fractions by proteins isolated from potato tuber. AB - 1. An active fraction which stimulates the exchange of phospholipids between microsomal fractions and mitochondria was isolated by gel filtration from potato tuber homogenates. 2. This fraction is probably a protein since the stimulatory factor is nondialyzable and temperature-sensitive. The molecular weight of the active fraction is approximatively 22 000. 3. The addition of the stimulatory fraction increases essentially the exchange of the main phospholipids of the potato tuber organelles; phosphatidyl-inositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. 4. Inhibiting factors, probably lipid-degrading enzymes, are present in the total supernatant fraction and are responsible for the inhibiting effect on the exchange of lipids when the crude supernatant fraction is used. The "inhibition effect" is rather a degradation of the exchangeable phospholipid pools. PMID- 804329 TI - Arachidonate lipoxygenase in blood platelets. PMID- 804328 TI - Glycerophosphoryl phosphatidyl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol, a novel phosphoglucolipid from Streptococcus faecalis. AB - 1. From Streptococcus faecalis a third novel phosphoglucolipid was isolated. It contained D-glucose, glycerol, acyl groups and phosphorus in a molar ratio of approx. 2 : 3 : 4 : 2. 2. The structure was shown to be 3(1)-O-[6 inches-(sn glycerol-1-phosphoryl), 6 foot-(1,2 diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl)-2 foot-O (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-1(3),2-diacylglycerol. The novel lipid is related to the earlier described phosphatidyl and glycerophosphoryl kojibiosyl diacylglycerol from Streptococcus faecalis by combininb their substituents in its structure. 3. The structure of the deacylated core was accomplished by analyses of the breakdown products obtained on Smith degradation and strong alkaline hydrolysis. The location of the acyl groups was achieved by degradation of the intact lipid with 60% HF (w/v) which resulted in the formation of inorganic phosphate, glycerol, diacylglycerol and diglucosyl diacylglycerol. The sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl and 3-sn-phosphatidyl substituents were located by hydrolysis of the lipid with 98% acetic acid (v/v) and subsequent analysis of the resultant phosphatidyl diglucosyl diacylglycerol. 4. The composition and positional distribution of the constituent fatty acids at the two diacylglycerol portions was studied by combination of chemical and enzymatic degradations. The fatty acids are the same as with the other polar lipids of S. faecalis, they are present in nearly the same proportions and display the same non-random distribution pattern. 5. A possible relationship between sn-glycerol 1-phosphate containing phosphoglucolipids and lipoteichoic acid will be discussed. PMID- 804330 TI - Amphetamine stereotypy: the influence of environmental factors and prepotent behavioral patterns on its topography and development. AB - This report describes a series of experiments, all of which demonstrate a strong contribution of the behavioral pattern manifested at the time of initial amphetamine injection to the topography and development of the stereotypy that develops with chronic amphetamine intoxication. These initial behavioral patterns reflect (i) learned behaviors, (ii) species-specific behaviors, (iii) behaviors associated with amphetamine arousal, and (iv) novel behaviors reflecting unique environmental circumstances prevailing at the time of administration. In an experiment using eight dogs administered amphetamine in a situation which allowed interaction between the animals, the behavioral stereotypies that developed were comprised of the social interaction patterns ongoing at the time of initial drug effects. Experiments with rats have demonstrated that the configuration of the enclosure in which they are injected influences the initial behavioral reactions to amphetamine and thus modifies the stereotypy. In experiments with cats pressing a lever to self-administer amphetamine, investigatory behavior at the lever-press operandi becomes incorporated as does the learned behavior response into the stereotypy. The behavioral patterns originally associated with amphetamine arousal eventually supersede the learned response component of the stereotypy. Finally, monkeys incorporate components of the initial behaviors associated with amphetamine administration into a wider range of stereotype patterns over months of chronic intoxication, and eventually the stereotypy may evolve into a specific dyskinesia involving movements of the original behavioral component. PMID- 804331 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in the mammalian ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus: histochemical and biochemical studies. PMID- 804332 TI - Viscoelastic characterization of single-stranded DNA from Escherichia coli. AB - Single-stranded DNA released from E. coli wild type and mutant cells by alkaline EDTA-detergent was analyzed using the recently developed biophysical technique of viscoelastometry. Under the lysis conditions used, it was possible to detect single strands of molecular weight approximately 2 times 10-9 daltons. Little difference was detected in the size of single-stranded DNA from log phase vs. stationary phase cultures, or from cells treated with chloramphenicol to allow completion of replicating chromosomes. The largest single strands from ligase overproducing, endonuclease minus, and pol A1 mutants were likewise of approximately the same size as wild type, but were present in smaller yields. The reduction in single-strand molecular weight as a result of heating intact cells was investigated as a function of time and temperature. Heating at 37 degrees C for up to 20 min produced no additional single-strand breaks, but temperatures from 45 to 65 degrees introduced breaks. Solutions maintained at pH 12.5 were not stable indefinitely, and the relative viscosity of such solutions was found to decrease over a period of several hours. PMID- 804333 TI - 45Ca and (14C)EDTA efflux from dialyzed barnacle muscle fibers. AB - 45Ca and 14C-labeled ethylenediamine-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) effluxes were measured in internally dialyzed barnacle muscle fibers. In 45Ca experiments the internal ionized 45Ca was fixed at 0.2 muM with ethyleneglycolbis-(beta aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid(EGTA). The 45Ca efflux was found to increase with internal CaEGTA from 0.05 pmol/cm2.s(CaEGTA equal to 0.02 mM) to 5.0 pmol/cm2.s(CaEGTAequal to 9.6 mM). To determine whether or not most of this increase in efflux was due to the exit of undissociated CaEGTA, comparable experiments were performed with Ca-[14-C]EDTA. Over the same range of internal calcium as studied in the 45Ca experiments, the Ca-[14-C]EDTA efflux was no more than 12% of the 45Ca efflux. We conclude that the exit of undissociated 45Ca cannot account for most of the 45Ca efflux nor can it account for the dependence of 45Ca efflux on internal CaEGTA. The experiments also demonstrated the existence of an endogenous pool of calcium, of 0.43 mmol/kg (about half the total calcium), which remained unexchanged during dialysis. PMID- 804335 TI - The effect of EDTA, cations, and various buffers on the morphology of erythrocyte membranes: an electron-microscopic study. AB - Membranes of human erythrocytes were prepared by stepwise osmotic hemolysis in Ca2+-free solutions. Examination with the electron microscope after negative staining showed some short, conelike protuberances on the surface of about 20 percent of the ghosts, while 80 percent were round, intact spheres. After Ca2+ treatment, all membranes were round and intact. After exposure to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (1.0 mM, pH 7.4), the entire ghost surface was covered with long, thin extrusions called stromalytic forms (about 460 per cell). Their sizes, shapes, and fine structure are described. Exposure to ionic calcium (1.4 times 10-minus 4M) abolished the EDTA-induced stromalytic forms. A second exposure to EDTA reversed this Ca2+ effect. ATP, like EDTA, produced stromalytic forms. EDTA-induced stromalytic forms were also abolished by Zn2+, La3+, and Nd3+ at concentrations of 1-5 times 10-minus 4 M. Mg2+ at 10-minus 2 M was ineffective. Ghosts were prepared by graded lysis in various buffers. Those prepared in phosphate were the most stable and provided consistent EDTA effects and Ca2+ reversal. Ghosts in Tris-HCl showed breakdown unless salt was added. Moderately satisfactory ghosts were also obtained in Hepes-NaOH buffer and salt. PMID- 804334 TI - Identification of specific hemoglobins within individual erythrocytes. AB - The identification of specific antibodies for a variety of inherited hemoglobin variants presents the opportunity to develop sensitive immunochemical measurement techniques for such variants. In this study antibodies specific for human hemoglobins A1 and S were isolated from immune rabbit serum. These were labeled with either fluoroscein isothiocyanate or tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Erythrocytes suspended in agar were incubated with these labeled antibodies and hemoglobins A1, S, and F were identified within individual cells by fluorescence microscopy. This capability offers potential for more specific investigation into heterogenous distribution of specific hemoglobins within an erythroycte or bone marrow cell population and for developing a sensitive technique applicable to antenatal diagnosis of specific hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 804336 TI - Factor X Friuli: An immunological study in plasma and in serum using several methods. AB - An immunological study of factor X Friuli was carried out using an anti-human factor X antiserum. The results obtained with different methods were compared. Only an ill-defined factor X band or precipitate was evident on standard immuno electrophoresis and on immunodiffusion. Using a non-absorbed antiserum a precipitate was evident on eletroimmunoassay, in normal, factor X Friuli and in factor X deficient plasma. On the contary, using an antiserum which had been previously absorbed with factor X deficient plasma, a precipitate was evident only with factor X Friuli plasma or normal plasma. Excellent results were obtained with the cross-over electrophoresis. Using this method a major or factor X band was evident in normal plasma, factor II,P FACTOR VII, factor IX deficient plasmas and in the factor X FRIULI PLASMA. No factor X band was evident in factor X deficient plasmas and in absorbed normal plasma. Lighter, more cathodic bands were seen in all plasmas. These were due to secondary activities of the antiserum and could be disregarded. Friuli serum factor X and normal serum factor X showed a slightly more anodic migration as compared to their plasma counterparts. In coumarin plasma two factor X bands were evident; one normal in position and one slightly more catholidic. In the bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis two precipitates are visible in normal plasma and in factor X Friuli plasma. In factor X deficient plasma only one precipitate is evident. This latter precipitate is due to the secondary activity of the antiserum used. On the basis of these data it is concluded that factor X Friuli behaves, immunologically, as normal factor X. PMID- 804337 TI - Letter: Maternal HL-A antibodies and fetal sex. PMID- 804338 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 804339 TI - [Diagnosis, therapy and prevention of hemolytic disease in newborns (author's transl)]. PMID- 804340 TI - [The syndrome of blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus (author's transl)]. PMID- 804342 TI - Regulation of C4-dicarboxylic acid transport in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Various mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis were used to study the induction and regulation of the transport of tricarboxylic acid cycle C4-dicarboxylates. L Malate was the only physiological inducer and bromosuccinate was a gratuitous inducer of dicarboxylic acid transport in a succinic dehydrogenase deficient mutant. Several mutants were isolated with alterations in the ability to transport dicarboxylic acids. One of these (WK6) was defective in the ability to take up succinate when grown on glutamate minimal medium, whereas another (WK1) was inducible to high levels by extremely low levels of L-malate. Alpha Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were unable to take up dicarboxylates because of repression of transport by glutamate and (or) alpha-ketoglutarate. A mutation which resulted in increased levels of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase partially overcame this inhibition. Glutamate did not prevent the induction of dicarboxylic acid transport by L-malate in succinic dehydrogenase mutants but was markedly inhibitory in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutants. PMID- 804341 TI - Release of cell-bound polygalacturonase and cellulase from mycelium of Rhizoctonia solani. AB - Propagules of Rhizoctonia solani grown in modified Czapek's medium containing sodium polypectate or carboxymethyl cellulose as a sole carbon source produced both extracellular and cell-bound polygalacturonase (PG), and cellulase (Cx), respectively. The cell-bound enzymes can be released to various extents by shaking the germinating propagules in solutions of NaCl, KCl, phosphate buffer, Na2EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), detergents such as Triton X-100 (octyl phenoxypolyethoxyethanol), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), Celmusol, and distilled water. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) inactivated both PG and Cx but did no affect Cx activity in phosphate buffer solution. PG was more easily released by salts from the mycelium of R. solani than Cx. The release of both enzymes was a passive process and was not due to an osmotic effect. The amount of the cell-bound fraction was correlated with the total amount of the extracellular fraction rather than with the mycelial growth. At least one-third of the cell-bound fractions of both enzymes was found to be associated with the cell wall fraction of the mycelium. PMID- 804343 TI - Management of late cases of esophageal disruption with intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - Among fourteen patients with disruption of the thoracic esophagus, the overall mortality rate was 36%. The mortality was greatly reduced in a group of five of these patients who were treated by closed-chest tube drainage and intravenous hyperalimentation. The cause of death in most cases was sepsis and malnutrition. Although the ideal treatment in early cases of eosphageal disruption is thoracotomy and direct suture, it is believed that in patients presenting late, in old and debilitated patients, and in cases of a leaking thoracic anastomosis, the mortality will be greatly improved by the use, primarily, of conservative measures,, with the addition of intravenous hyperlimentation. PMID- 804344 TI - Clinical experience in using elemental diet in the management of various surgical nutritional problems. AB - The clinical results obtained in 30 patients treated with elemental diet are reviewed and discussed. The majority of patients were adequately maintained nutritionally and recovered from various severe catabolic conditions while receiving a modest caloric intake supplied from one commercially available elemental diet. PMID- 804345 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in the Hamilton region. I. A 4-year survey. AB - A regional laboratory for the diagnosis and investigation of hemoglobinopathies was established by the Hamilton District Program in Laboratory Medicine in October 1970. Specimens from patients suspected of having a hemoglobinopathy were referred to the regional laboratory from all the hospitals participating in the program. Between October 1970 and October 1974, 3547 specimens were screened for an abnormal hemoglobin and thalassemia; 758 cases of thalassemia, 165 cases of abnormal hemoglobin and 14 mixed cases were diagnosed. Before 1970, 110 cases of thalassemia and 12 cases of abnormal hemoglobin were on record in the Hamilton region. Regionalization of laboratory services provides a more effective means of screening for abnormalities in hemoglobin structure and synthesis and facilitates the opportunity for improving diagnostic procedures. PMID- 804346 TI - Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections investigated by pyocin typing. AB - All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in a large Canadian hospital over a 3-year period were typed by their pyocin production. Smaller collections of P. aeruginosa from other hospitals were also typed. Almost 3000 strains were examined. The typing method did not require use of complex reagents and was successful in subdividing P. aeruginosa into numerous types. No single type was restricted to infections of one particular kind. Infections of all kinds were associated with a wide variety of pyocin types. Extensive crossinfection with one particular pyocin type was observed only in urinary infection of patients with urologic disorders. The four pyocin types that were most frequent in our entire series have been reported as the commonest types causing infections in many other parts of the world. PMID- 804347 TI - Disseminated gonorrhea: diagnosis through contact tracing. AB - Over a 1-year period four patients were seen at the Jewish General Hospital with presumed disseminated gonococcemia. The patients' histories, clinical findings and responses to therapy strongly supported this diagnosis; however, cultures from various sites were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in all four patients. Sexual contacts of these patients were traced and appropriate cultures were found to be positive, demonstrating the importance of tracing sexual contacts to help confirm the diagnosis in such patients. PMID- 804348 TI - Medical dollars and data: collection, recollection. Part III: sharing the increase. PMID- 804349 TI - A comparison of the effects of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 2-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene on rat liver DNA stability and new synthesis. AB - The objective of the present study was to define early biochemical changes occuring in livers of rats that were fed various chemical carcinogens. Rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy and subsequently given multiple injections of radioactive thymidine to prelabel DNA in their liver. Following a 4-week recovery period the rats were placed on either basal diets or diets containing either 0.05% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB), 0.028% 2 acetylaminofluorene, or 0.05% 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for various periods. After 5 weeks 3'-MeDAB had caused a dose-dependent loss of prelabeled DNA demonstrating the cytotoxicity of this carcinogen. The comparatively noncarcinogenic 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene caused only a small loss of prelabeled DNA. In contrast, the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene did not cause a loss of prelabeled DNA, demonstrating its low cytotoxicity. Autoradiography and histology revealed that the loss of prelabeled DNA in livers of rats fed 3'-MeDAB was largely due to parenchymal cell death. Experiments designed to separate liver regenerative hyperplasia from neoplastic hyperplasia revealed the presence of both an early and a delayed elevation of thymidine incorporation into liver DNA in rats fed 0.05% 3'-MeDAB. An "early" elevation of incorporation occurred during and shortly after 3'-MeDAB feeding, and a "delayed" elevation of incorporation occurred some weeks after the dye was discontinued. Autoradiography revealed that parenchymal cells were largely responsible for the increased incorporation. Feeding of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene depressed thymidine incorproation. A direct comparison of the effects of isomolar levels of 3'-MeDAB and 2-acetylaminogluorene on hepatic hyperplasia indicated that both carcinogens caused comparable increases in thymidine incorporation, which returned to control levels upon feeding of carcinogen-free diet. The differences and similarities between the responses to the three compounds are discussed and considered with regard to initiation and promotion of hepatoma formation. PMID- 804350 TI - Quantitative prediction of drug toxicity in humans from toxicology in small and large animals. AB - The mouse, dog, and monkey toxicity data on 30 drugs was retrospectively analyzed in comparison with the actual clinical dose schedules used in man. Animal dose schedules were converted to the human schedule and comparisons were made of the human dose versus the large animal toxic dose low, toxic dose high, and lethal dose, the lethal doses for 10% and 90% of normal mice, and the optimal dose in tumor-bearing mice. If the starting dose in Phase 1 clinical trials had been selected by calculating one-third of the toxic dose low (in mg/sq m) in the most sensitive large animal species, 5 of the 30 drugs would have produced significant toxicity in the first patient. The lethal doses for 10 and 90% of normal mice and the optimal dose in L1210-bearing mice were found to offer good quantitative prediction of human toxicity. Determination of a safe and practical starting dose for Phase 1 studies should take into account not only dog and monkey data but also toxicology data in normal and tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 804351 TI - Myocardial lesions induced by prolonged alcohol feeding in rhesus monkeys. AB - To elucidate the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion in monkeys a synthetic, adequately balanced, fluid diet providing 40% of total calories from ethanol was gavaged through a stomach tube daily over a period of three months. Clinical, biochemical, radioisotope, and histopathological studies were performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It was observed that chronic alcohol feeding at this dose level caused maked accumulation of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids in the serum and the liver. In the heart triglycerides and cholesterol ester were increased. Incorporation studies showed increased synthesis of triglycerides in the heart muscle and liver. Histologically the heart showed fatty change of the myocardium and evidence of focal myocytolysis, atrophy of muscle bundles, and early fibrosis. The liver showed generalized fatty change but no cirrhosis. PMID- 804352 TI - Electrophysiology of atropine. AB - The effect of atropine on the refractory periods of the human atrium, A-V node, and His-Purkinje system was studied. The A-V node in man appears more sensitive to atropine than the atria as evidenced by a reduction in the effective and functional refractory periods of the A-V node without alteration of atrial conduction. Although atropine does not directly alter the refractory periods of the His-Purkinje system, atropine-induced facilitation of A-V nodal conduction results in block of premature atrial impulses in the His-Purkinje system, demonstrating an indirect effect of atropine on His-Purkinje conduction. Rarely, atropine may precipitate re-entrant atrial tachycardia (one patient) through facilitation of A-V nodal conduction. PMID- 804353 TI - Cell number and cell density in the cerebellar cortex of man and some other mammals. AB - The number of cells per unit volume was determined in the cerebellar cortex of man and 19 other mammals. The cell density (i.e. the number of cells per unit volume) decreases from mammals with a low brain weight to those with a higher brain weight. This decrease in the number of cells is found to be proportional for all three layers of the cerebellar cortex. In addition, the ratio of Purkinje cells to granule cells was determined. In contrast to the decrease of all cell types with increasing brain weight, this ratio varies remarkably among the mammals and is not correlated with brain weight. In man, this ratio is 1:2991, while it is lower in all other mammals investigated. These differences in the ratio of Purkinje cells to granule cells and the decrease in cell density with increasing brain weight are discussed in relation to brain evolution. PMID- 804355 TI - Mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum defective in cell contact regulation of enzyme expression. AB - Previous work has shown that aggregation and disaggregation of cells during development of D. discoldeum significantly affects the expression of certain developmentally regulated enzymes. We have examined this cell contact regulation in a previously isolated mutant, Fr-17, and found that during the course of its developmental sequence it becomes specifically defective in this function. PMID- 804354 TI - Regulation in rDNA-deficient Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster were used to determine whether there is any functional compensation for deficiency in rDNA content. The rate of rRNA accumulation was measured in the testes of five bb mutants of different phenotypic severity and in a wild type strain. The different rates of rRNA accumulation were compared to the phenotype (macroscutellar bristle length) and found to have a direct correlation (as in Weinman, 1972). However, there was not a direct relationship between the rate of rRNA accumulation and rDNA content. It is concluded that there is regulation of rRNA accumulation in some mutants, but that the regulation cannot be considered to be a compensation for the lack of rDNA. These results are discussed relative to other observations on the regulation of RNA synthesis in Drosophila. PMID- 804356 TI - Comparative effect of phenobarbital and 3-methyl-cholanthrene on azodye metabolism in rat liver. I. In vitro studies on detoxication and activation processes. AB - The effect of phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) administration on detoxication and activation of the carcinogenic azodye 4-dimethyl aminoazobenzene (DAB) was studies in rat liver microsomes. Azoreductase activity and in vitro DAB metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA and microsomal protein were simultaneously determined. Pretreatment of rats with 3 daily injections of PB (80 mg/kg) did not significantly modify azoreductase activity by increased DAB metabolite binding to DNA (+ 67%) and to protein (+ 123%). The effect of 3-MC differed according to the route of administration. When it was given intraperitoneally (1 times 20 mg/kg)azoreductase was not modified and DAB metabolite binding to DNA and to protein was eight-fold enhance. After continuous administration of 3-MC in the diet (3.0 MG/KG/DAY)AZOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY WAS DECREASED (MINUS 40%), DAB metabolite binding to DNA was unchanged and DAB metabolite binding to protein tripled. Thus the balance between the formation of DAB metabolites bound to DNA and azoreduction led to an increased activation/reduction ratio only by 3-MC injection. In every case, the formation of DAB metabolites bound to protein was significantly increased as compared with detoxication. Different effects of PB and 3-MC were discussed with reference to the synthesis of distinct cytochromes. PMID- 804357 TI - Impairment of autonomically mediated heart rate control in patients with cardiac dysfunction. AB - Patients with cardiac disorders have defective parasympathetic control of heart rate. To evaluate the possibility of similar changes in sympathetic control of heart rate, we compared reflex chronotropic responses to 80 degree upright tilt and nitroglycerin-induced hypotension in 31 cardiac patients and 7 normal individuals before and after partial parasympathetic blockade with atropine. Tilting revealed an attenuation of the normal heart rate increase in patients; the magnitude of this defect was greatest in patients with more severe symptoms (class III) and evidence of left ventricular dysfunction (the heart rate increase averaged 25 plus or minus 3 beats/min in normal subjects, 12 plus or minus 2 beats/min in class I-II patients, and 7 plus or minus 1 beats/min in class III patients). Class III symptoms due to mechanical causes (mitral stenosis), however, were not associated with this defect. A marked reduction in heart rate rise with hypotension was seen only in those class III patients without mitral stenosis (0.4 plus or minus 0.1 beats min-minus 1 mm Hg-minus 1 vs. 3.0 plus or minus 0.5 beats min-minus 1 mm Hg-minus 1 in normal subjects). This abnormality also persisted after atropine administration, thus confirming a defect in the sympathetic as well as the parasympathetic component of baroreceptor-mediated reflex heart rate control in patients with cardiac dysfunction. Infusions of isoproterenol produced equivalent rises in heart rate in patients and normal individuals, excluding a reduction in beta-receptor responsiveness as a cause of impaired sympathetic influence. Norepinephrine depletion, however, is a well recognized concomitant of cardiac failure. It is possible that the reduction in sympathetically mediated heart rate responses results in part from depletion of the sympathetic neurotransmitter. PMID- 804358 TI - Improved estimation of urinary myoglobulin by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, as compared with the double immunodiffusion technique. AB - We describe a simple, sensitive, and relatively inexpensive counterimmunoelectrophoretic technique for detection and estimation of myoglobin. The test can be completed within 90 min, compared with 12-48 h required by double immunodiffusion. With the counterimmunoelectrophoretic technique we could detect myoglobin in concentrations of 2-3 mg/liter, while the detection limit by double immunodiffusion was about 9 mg/liter. PMID- 804359 TI - Isolation and purification of cortisol-binding immunoglobulin by affinity chromatography. PMID- 804360 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isozymes, hemoglobin-F and glutathione levels in lead-exposed workers. AB - Red cell carbonic anhydrase B and C isozymes and hemoglobin F were studied by the single radial immunodiffusion technique in lead workers exposed to low concentrations of lead. The lead contents, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase and glutathione levels were simultaneously determined. Carbonic anhydrase B, glutathione and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity in lead-exposed workers showed relatively low values compared to those of normal subjects not exposed to occupational lead exposure in the past or present. Subjects with blood lead contents of 30 mug per 100 ml or higher showed a significant increase in hemoglobin-F and a significant decrease in carbonic anhydrase B and glutathione levels. These findings indicate that the syntheses of these red cell components are affected by lead, and hence in addition to delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity, these components were also found to be of clinical value for the diagnosis of subclinical lead poisoning. PMID- 804361 TI - Isolation and purification of Rh(C) antigen. PMID- 804362 TI - The significance of variation in the selectivity of proteinuria. AB - The selectivity of proteinuria has been determined immunochemically at least 4 times over periods of 3 years or more in 27 children and adolescents who had been investigated by renal biopsy. Variations of the selectivity outside the limits of experimental error were observed in 14 patients, in 8 of whom there was a progressive decline. Six of these 8 had focal and segmental glomerular lesions, including one case of Alport's syndrome, and 2 had proliferative glomerulonephritis. Two different anomalies of relative IgG clearance were noted: in proliferative glomerulonephritis there was a constantly low clearance, and in focal glomerulosclerosis an elevated clearance increasing with time. Indirect evidence suggests that the latter may be due to the presence of low molecular weight IgG fragments in serum and urine. PMID- 804363 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection. PMID- 804364 TI - Venereal disease: a national health problem. PMID- 804365 TI - Some economic aspects of venereal diseases. PMID- 804366 TI - The gynecologist's approach to sexually transmitted infections. PMID- 804367 TI - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: current concepts of pathogenesis, etiology, and management. AB - In summary, acute salpingitis is an extremely common disease with much morbidity and is undoubtedly increasing in incidence as a result of the increasing incidence of gonorrhea; the increasing use of the IUD as a means of fertility control almost certainly also contributes to the problem. It is remarkable that research concerning the pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of salpingitis has been all but nonexistent in the United States until recently. We believe that evidence implicating IUD usage in salpingitis now makes it obligatory that individuals involved in family planning research determine the actual morbidity associated with IUD usage. Prospective cohort studies comparing the subsequent morbidity in patients randomly assigned to IUD versus other contraceptive methods are long overdue. The morbidity due to salpingitis associated with specific types of devices should also be compared. Other factors responsible for the breakdown in local antimicrobial defense mechanisms in women who develop salpingitis require further study. Clinical gynecologists must determine in the future the optimal method for the treatment of nongonococcal salpingitis, for which no clear-cut therapeutic recommendations are available at the present time. Such therapeutic studies should be conducted in conjunction with innovative studies concerning the etiology of nongonoccal salpingitis. The need for removal of an IUD from patients with salpingitis should be determined. Public health officials appear to have largely ignored the problem of salpingitis in patients attending public VD clinics and have not been notably successful in making the public aware of the nature of the early manifestations of salpingitis, of the need to seek early treatment in order to preserve fertility, and of the need to treat sexual partners of women with gonococcal infections. Investigations of infectious diseases in general, and pelvic inflammatory disease in particular, must increasingly enter the mainstream of research in the future if this disease is to be effectively treated and/or prevented in gynecologic patients. PMID- 804368 TI - Massive hyperlipidemia in diabetic ketoacidosis. The clinical importance of laboratory recognition. PMID- 804369 TI - Drug metabolism in normal children, lead-poisoned children, and normal adults. AB - Drug-metabolizing capacities were determined in 10 normal adults and 10 children in the age range from 1 to 8 years. Among the latter, 2 were normal and 8 had biochemical evidence of lead poisoning but no clinical expression of plumbism. There were no differences between the 2 normal children and the 8 lead-poisoned children in their capacities to metabolize two test drugs, antipyrine and phenylbutazone. The mean antipyrine half-life in the whole group of 10 children, 6.63 hr, was significantly lower than the mean half-life of 13.58 obtained in adults. The mean phenylbutazone half-lives in the children and adults, 1.68 and 3.16 days, respectively, also differed significantly. Thus children in the age range studied appear to metabolize drugs at almost twice the rate of adults which differs from findings in animals in which drug-metabolizing capacities increase with maturation. In two other children who showed clinical as well as biochemical manifestations of acute plumbism, antipyrine half-lives were signficantly longer than normal and therapy with EDTA led to restitution toward normal. PMID- 804370 TI - Comparison of amikacin and gentamicin. AB - The sensitivity to gentamicin (G) and to amikacin (A) of 25 strains of Escherichia coli (EC), 25 Klebsiella sp. (K), 25 Proteus and Providence sp. (PP), and 25 Ps. aeruginosa (PA) were tested in vitro by the disc method, by the inocula-replicating method, and by a tube dilution technique using 10-5 microorganisms/ml. Bactericidal concentrations active on 50% and 90% of the strains were 1.5 and 4.5 mug/ml for EC, 3 and mug/ml for K, 1.5 and 3 mug/ml for PP, and 3 and 3 mug/ml for PA. Resistance to killing by 12 mug/ml of G was found for 16 strains (1 EC, 9 K, 4 PP, and 2 PA) but only 5 strains were also resistant to 12 mug/ml of A. Conversely, 4 strains (1 EC, 1 PP, and 2 PA) were resistant to 12 mug/ml of A but were killed by 6 mug/ml of G or even less. G (1.5 MG/KG) AND A (5 mg/kg) were administered to 5 bolunteers in a crossover fashion. The mean bactericidal activity of the sera obtained at 1 hr after the injection of G and A was, respectively, 1/4 and 1/4 for ED, 1/4 and 1/8 for K, 1/2 and 1/2 for PP, and 1/2 and 1/2 for PA. Sera obtained in A-treated patients killed at a dilution of 1/8, 8 strains of ED, 17 K, 1 PP, and O PA; at that dilution sera from G-treated patients killed 5 ED, 9 K, O P, and O PA. The main advantage of A over G might be the absence of cross-resistance between A and G for particular pathogens. PMID- 804371 TI - Binding-site interaction of chlorthalidone and acetazolamide, two drugs transported by red blood cells. AB - When 14C-chlorthalidone was administered orally to 2 healthy volunteers, the total recovery of radioactivity in urine (about 75 percent) and feces was close to 100 percent. Most of the label recovered in the blood was bound to the blood cells. When the procedure was repeated while the 2 subjects were receiving acetazolamide, the excretion of labeled material in urine and feces was essentially unchanged, but the blood cells contained less and the plasma more of the blood radioactivity. The half-life of the radioactivity in plasma and blood cells had decreased by about 65 percent. Intravenous administration of acetazolamide (single dose) to 2 other subjects who had received 14C chlorthalidone orally resulted in a marked drop in the blood cell radioactivity, whereas that in plasma increased. The affinity of chlorthalidone for red blood cells was further evidenced on incubation of 14C-chlorthalidone with human blood. Of the incubated radioactivity, 94 percent to 99 percent was recovered in the erythrocytes. Preincubation of the blood samples with acetazolamide prior to the addition of 14C-chlorthalidone, as well as incubation of acetozolamide in blood samples previously incubated with 14C-chlorthalidone, demonstrated that acetazolamide is able to inhibit and to displace chlorthalidone from blood cells. There are several lines of evidence indicating that chlorthalidone is transported attached to the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 804372 TI - The radiology of gout. Review article. AB - The radiological features of gout are presented on the basis of a consecutive series of 64 in-patients and a review of the literature. Gout is a painful and potentially crippling disorder. Since fewer patients are referred with a classical acute attack due to the advent of more effective drug therapy, the radiologist may be presented with unusual or atypical cases. It is confirmed that there are no specific radiological features of gout. Provided a high index of suspicion be mai-tained, particularly in those groups of patients in whom secondary gout is common, a combination of signs may allow the diagnosis to be correctly inferred, leading to biochemical confirmation. PMID- 804373 TI - Stromal endometriosis. AB - The case histories of six patients with stromal endometriosis of the uterus have been studied. These patients had been referred with disease recurrent after hysterectomy for palliative radiotherapy, which four received with useful effect. The disease has a different natural history from the commoner endometrial sarcoma, and it is suggested that combined surgery and prophylactic pelvic radiotherapy may be the best form of treatment. PMID- 804374 TI - Oxidation of alpha-glycerophosphate by mitochondria from lungs of rabbits, sheep and pigeons. PMID- 804375 TI - Humoral antibodies to soluble antigens in larvae of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 804376 TI - [Phenotypic variation in proteins in interspecific hybrids of the genus Bufo]. PMID- 804377 TI - Effect of season, temperature acclimation and starvation upon plasma FFA and glycerol levels in the frog, Rana temporaria, and in the toad, Bufo bufo. PMID- 804378 TI - Guidelines for the use of oral hypoglycemic drug therapy: the balance of risks versus benefits. PMID- 804379 TI - Long-term home use of acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 804380 TI - Thiamphenicol, a new analogue of chloramphenicol, in the treatment of enteric fever. PMID- 804382 TI - Double-blind evaluation of an analgesic-tranquilizer combination for treating musculoskeletal pain associated with anxiety. PMID- 804381 TI - Diethylpropion in the treatment of obese patients seen in general practice. PMID- 804383 TI - Relief of severe pain with acetaminophen in a new dose formulation versus propoxyphene hydrochloride 65 mg. and placebo: a comparative double-blind study. PMID- 804384 TI - Further observations on the antimicrobial effects of local anesthetic agents. PMID- 804387 TI - Effects of four brands of support hose on fluid accumulation and tissue perfusion in the lower leg. PMID- 804386 TI - Effect of meals and ascorbic acid on the absorption of a therapeutic dose of iron as ferrous and ferric salts. PMID- 804385 TI - Topical anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone 17-valerate and other corticosteroids. PMID- 804389 TI - A new carcinogen? (Preliminary report). PMID- 804388 TI - Molindone: a pilot evaluation during the premenstruum. PMID- 804390 TI - The role of the medical director in the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 804391 TI - Light chain proteinuria and cellular mediated immunity in rifampin treated patients with tuberculosis. AB - Light chain proteinuria was found in 9 of 17 tuberculosis patients treated with rifampin. Concomitant assay of cellular mediated immunity in these patients using skin test antigen and a lymphokine in vitro test provided results that were different. Response to Varidase skin test antigen was negative for all eight tuberculosis patients tested, but there occurred a hyper-responsiveness of the lymphocytes of these eight patients to phytomitogen (PHA-P). as well as of those of seven other tuberculous patients. This last finding may be related to time of testing and/or endogenous serum binding of rifampin which could have inhibited mitogen activity for the lymphocyte. PMID- 804392 TI - [Use of peracetic acid for treatment of various surgical inflammations and complications]. PMID- 804393 TI - [Action spectra of photosynthesis and liberation of hydrogen in bacteria, algae and higher plants]. PMID- 804394 TI - [Distribution of asynaptic portions of homologues in X-chromosomesof Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands]. PMID- 804395 TI - [Alternative route of catabolism of naphthalene by Pseudomonas fluorescens]. PMID- 804396 TI - [Protective vaccination - prevention in case of overseas travel]. PMID- 804397 TI - [Value of post-operative parenteral nutrition as shown by various plasma protein measurements (author's transl)]. AB - A significant improvement in urea nitrogen and plasma protein metabolism during the first 10 days after abdominal surgery was obtained in 24 patients who received parenteral carbohydrates combined with essential amino acids and histidine. A control group of 15 patients who only received water and electrolyte balance in the post-operative phase showed significantly worse results. The observation that immunoglobulins (IgG) and complement components (C1q, C3 activator) recovered more quickly from the stress of surgery under the influence of parenteral nutrition seems to be particularly important. PMID- 804399 TI - Pasma growth hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the urethane anesthetized rat. AB - Intravenous injection of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) resulted in a significant and dose-related increase in plasma growth hormone (GH) in the urethane anesthetized rat. The minimum effective does of TRH was 40 ng per 100 g body wt when administered intravenously. The maximum responses of plasma GH to TRH were observed at 5 min following TRH, whereas those of plasma TSH were obtained at 10 min. Pretreatment with either T3 (50 mug/100 g body wt ip) significantly suppressed both plasma GH and TSH responses to TRH. The GH release induced by TRH was significantly inhibited by somatostatin (5 mug/100 g body wt iv) which was injected 5 min and immediately before the injection of TRH. PMID- 804398 TI - Surgical disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary function in the rhesus monkey. I. Gonadotropin secretion. AB - In an intial attempt to localize the central components of the neuroendocrine control systems whereby estrogens regulate gonadotropin secretion, the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was surgically isolated from the remainder of the brain in 18 female rhesus monkeys using a modified "Halasz knife". The completeness and localization of the resulting "cuts" were verified by examinations of serial 50 mugM coronal sections through each hypothalamus. The cuts extended from the optic chiasm to the mamillary bodies and from midline to the medial aspects of the optic tracts. The MBH "ISLANDS" ISOLATED BY THESE CUTS INCLUDED THE MEDIAN EMINENCE AND ARCUATE NUCLEI AS WELL AS PORTIONS OF THE VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEI, PREMAMILLARY AREAS AND MAMILLARY BODIES. Following complete MBH isolation, 6 of 7 otherwise intact monkeys responded to an estradiol benzoate (EB) injection with large LH and FSH surges. Three of these animals also displayed spontaneous gonadotropin surges which eventuated in ovulation as evidenced by sustained elevations in circulating progesterone levels. Similar patterns of LH and FSH secretion in response to EB administration were also observed in 6 of 7 intact animals in which only the superofrontal imputs to the MBH WERE INTERRUPTED. Four of these monkeys ovulated spontaneously. Circulating gonadotropin levels fell slightly in ovariectomized monkeys following complete MBH disconnection, but the circhoral, pulsatile rhythms of gonadotropin release persisted. These animals also responded to the negative and positive feedback actions of estrogen as evidenced by initial declines in circulating LH and FSH concentrations followed by surges of these hormones at the appropriate times following the injection of EB. It would appear from these observations that the sites of the negative and positive feedback actions of estrogen on LH and FSH secretion and, therefore, the sites of the central components of the neuroendocrine systems which control tonic and surge secretion of the gonadotropic hormones in the rhesus monkey may be resident within the MBH-hypophysial unit. PMID- 804400 TI - Central nervous system effects of hypothalamic peptides. AB - Intravenous (i.v.) administration of TRF (1 mg/kg) increases the LD50 of pentobarbital (PB) by 25% while the same dose of somatostatin results in a 30% reduction in PB LD50. A similar increase of PB LD50 by TRF was observed in hypophysectomized rats. Mortality was completely abolished in rats receiving TRF (1 mg/kg) ten minutes after a lethal dose of PB (120 mg/kg). Somatostatin (1 mg/kg) decreases strychnine-induced seizure duration and increases strychnine LD50 by 21% while TRF lowers the strychnine LD50 by 28%. These observations are consistent with central nervous system sites of action for TRF and somatostatin. PMID- 804401 TI - The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967. PMID- 804402 TI - Clinical note: clinical and tele-stereo-EEG findings in a patient with psychomotor seizures. AB - A patient was studied who had posttraumatic epilepsy with adversive, psychomotor, and grand mal seizures. During tele-EEG recording from depth electrodes, 4 psychomotor seizures were accompanied by discharge originating in the frontal lobe. The patient sometimes could recall his behavior and believed it to be voluntary. Amnesia was more apt to be total after the seizure than during it. PMID- 804403 TI - Cerebral seizures of probable orbitofrontal origin. AB - Four patients with seizures of presumed temporal lobe origin are presented in whom a definite focal ictal onset in the orbitofrontal cortex was revealed during recording, either by chronically implanted electrodes or ECoG. In three cases automatisms occurred concomitantly with orbitofrontal activation without spread of paroxysmal activity into the temporal structures monitored. With eight additional cases of possible orbitofrontal epilepsy found on reviewing the literature, two subgroups emerge: (1) patients with primarily psychomotor-type fits, and (2) patients with loss of consciousness, head and eye deviation, and generalized convulsions. Scalp EEGs, in patients on whom we have available data, manifested bilaterally synchronous, paroxysmal discharges which were bifrontal, frontopolar, or maximal in one anterior quadrant, with or without evidence of additional temporal lobe involvement. On the basis of anatomic and physiological studies, as well as our own electrographic data, it is felt that a posterior orbitofrontal and temporo-limbic relationship exists, within which autonomous epileptogenic zones may develop, with the ability to discharge directly and independently to subcortical centers, while eliciting similar clinical patterns. PMID- 804404 TI - Epilepsy and pregnancy: a study of 153 pregnancies in 59 patients. AB - The relation of epilepsy with gestation was studied in 59 patients through 153 pregnancies. In patients with idiopathic epilepsy, 45 per cent had more frequent fits during pregnancy, 50 per cent were unchanged, and 5 per cent were improved. The results in patients with symptomatic epilepsy were similar. Patients with a high frequency of fits in the pregestational state are likely to have an increased number when pregnant. Two cases of status epilepticus were treated successfully without interruption of pregnancy. Fourteen patients had true gestational epilepsy, 4 of whom had underlying organic disorders. Congenital heart disease occurred in 2 per cent and cleft lip or cleft lip and palate in 1 per cent of infants, all of these mothers on antiepileptic therapy. The rate was 4 and 10 times the rate in 69,000 consecutive births in the same area. Prompt control of repeated seizures during pregnancy is imperative, folic acid should be given , accumulation of water prevented, and patients who have their first fit during pregnancy should be investigated. PMID- 804405 TI - Chelation in metal intoxication. I. In vivo effect of chelating agents on liver and testis of manganese administered rats. PMID- 804406 TI - Multiple forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas. AB - Three different forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase can be isolated from pancreatic extracts. Structural, immunological and catalytic properties of these various forms have been compared. The native enzyme is a dimeric molecule of molecular weight 108000. Two other forms, of molecular weight 85000 and 82000, are composed of two polypeptide chains identical with the carboxyl terminal region of the native subunits. These molecules are supposed to derive from the original protein by removal, from the amino-terminal part of each subunit, of a fragment of 11000 to 13000 molecular weight. Such removal modifies the shape and the stability of the molecule and decreases its specific acitvity. The origin of the derived forms is attributed to proteolysis. In fact, limited proteolysis of purified tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, in its native form, by elastase, results in the formation of an active compound, similar to one of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase derived forms. Furthermore, incubation with "elastolytic fractions" prepared from pancreatic extracts presenting a particularly high level of proteolytic activity produces the same cleavage in tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase polypeptide chain. PMID- 804407 TI - Induction of division synchrony in Tetrahymena pyriformis. A pressure study. PMID- 804408 TI - Proceedings: The sources of trabecular nerve terminals. PMID- 804409 TI - Proceedings: Maintenance of maximal cholinergic response in primate ciliary muscle despite continuous cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 804410 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: immunoperoxidase antibody test for serologic diagnosis. PMID- 804411 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi and T. cruzi: effect of infection on gestation in the rat. PMID- 804412 TI - Selection at the alcoholdehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 804413 TI - N-lines and M-brands in cardiac muscle. PMID- 804414 TI - The antibacterial action and R-factor-inhibiting activity by chlorpromazine. PMID- 804415 TI - Glycogen metabolism and the effect of nitroglycerin on the glycogen metabolism in the normal and ischemic canine myocardium. PMID- 804416 TI - The effect of the Out-cold-ts mutation on temperature induced changes in the Arrhenius activation energy of succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity in Drosophila. PMID- 804417 TI - Random exchange of ribosomal proteins in EDTA sub-particles. PMID- 804418 TI - Inhibition by superoxide dismutase of linoleic acid peroxidation induced by lipoxidase. PMID- 804419 TI - Protein differences associated with the loss of myelinated axons and fibrillary gliosis in rat optic nerves following Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 804420 TI - Investigations in enzyme replacement therapy in lipid storage diseases. AB - Enzyme replacement appears to offer much promise as specific therapeutic procedures for patients with Fabry's disease and Gaucher's disease. However, enzyme replacement in patients with Tay-Sachs disease and other heritable metabolic disorders where the central nervous system is affected will require first the development of effective methods for the delivery of exogenous enzymes to the brain; such methods are not yet available. PMID- 804421 TI - Effect of the genetic background on recombination frequency in the cn-vg region of the second chromosome of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Newly established test stocks made it possible to follow the effect of three different defined genetic backgrounds (first and third chromosomes) on recombination frequency in the cn-vg region of the second chromosomes isolated from four natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. One background was composed of the chromosomes with inversions obtained from the stock (see article) and another two backgrounds were of the standard type consisting one-half of the original chromosomes from the natural population and one-half of the chromosomes of the stocks Oregon R or Samarkand. Using the analysis of variance significant differences in RF values were found between and within populations and especially between the different backgrounds. Some simple and double interactions between the above factors played a role. The highest RF values were obtained on the background [corrected] with inversions. The effect of the different genetic backgrounds [corrected] by the action of the genetic modifiers of RF. The different genetic backgrounds affected the variations in RF values in individual populations and the different populations reacted differentially to the changed genetic background. The design of the experiment permitted an estimation of the causal compoenents of variance and heritability of RF from the sib analysis. The additive component of variance was present in only two of the populations under test; the respective estimates of heritability were very low. PMID- 804424 TI - [Epidemiological and historical aspects of hunger in Mexico]. PMID- 804423 TI - [Editorial: Chronic hunger]. PMID- 804422 TI - Plasma renin activity and blood volume in uncontrolled diabetes. Ketoacidosis, a state of secondary aldosteronism. AB - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was evaluated in two types of uncontrolled diabetes: a) diabetic ketoacidosis, and b) nonketotic hyperglycemia. In thirteen patients with ketoacidosis, mean plasma renin activity (PRA) was 58 plus or minus 12 (S.E.M.) ng. per milliliter per hour and in four patients, plasma aldosterone was 82 plus or minus 17 ng. per 100 ml. Corresponding values for upright salt-depleted subjects were 13 plus or minus 2 and 62 plus or minus 8. In eleven diabetics with nonketotic hyperglycemia (mean glucose 318 plus or minus 19 mg. per cent), mean blood volume was 4,660 ml. and PRA 2.1 plus or minus .7. After control of the diabetes (mean glucose 129 plus or minus 13) blood volume was 4,553 ml. and PRA 3.3 plus or minus 1 (NS). The results suggest that: 1) diabetic ketoacidosis is a state of severe secondary aldosteronism, 2) no significant change in blood volume or PRA occurs during short periods of hyperglycemia, and 3) insulin is not necessary for renin release. PMID- 804425 TI - [Determination of hunger. The natural and the human]. PMID- 804426 TI - Diffuse intramural esophageal diverticulosis. PMID- 804427 TI - Epiphrenic diverticulum in association with an unusual motility disturbance: report of surgical correction. PMID- 804428 TI - Mental Health in Nursing Homes Training Project 1972-1973. PMID- 804429 TI - Editorial: Social services in institutions. PMID- 804430 TI - [Prevention of post-partum Rh-factor isoimmunization (experience of the Hospital 1st Gynecological-Obstetrical of the Mexican Institute of Social Security)]. PMID- 804431 TI - Serum pyridoxal in active peptic ulceration. AB - Fasting serum pyridoxal was assayed by an automated microbiological system in 50 patients with endoscopically confirmed active peptic ulceration. Thirty patients had gastric ulceration, 14 had duodenal, four had pyloric canal ulceration, and two had both a gastric and a duodenal ulcer. Serum pyridoxal was below normal in 28 of the gastric ulcer group and in one of the duodenal ulcer group. No difference in the age, sex, drug, alcohol intake, or diet could be distinguished between those two groups. PMID- 804432 TI - Iron absorption in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis: relationship with serum ferritin concentration. AB - In 52 normal subjects there was an inverse relationship between serum ferritin concentration and iron absorption. In 21 measurements in 15 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis there was a similar inverse relationship but absorption was higher in relation to iron stores at all levels. Haemochromatotic patients with normal serum ferritin levels had abnormally high values for desferrioxamine chelatable iron and there was no correlation between chelatable iron and iron absorption. PMID- 804434 TI - Determining differential costs of psychiatric care in a VA hospital. AB - This study reports the methodology developed to obtain more meaningful cost data in a VA psychiatric hospital. The VA cost-accounting system provides specific cost data for two major groups of patients: the psychiatric medically infirm (chronic long-term patients with significant physical disabilities who primarily need medical rather than psychiatric care) and all other psychiatric patients. A method was developed to redistribute costs more realistically to individual wards, and to relate them meaningfully to classification of patients and treatment programs. Differential costs are discussed as they relate to evaluation of programs for the delivery of mental health care. PMID- 804433 TI - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar states with small intramuscular doses of insulin]. PMID- 804435 TI - Role of antibodies to galactocerebroside in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - The possible role of antibodies to galactocerebroside was investigated in AS rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by guinea-pig spinal cord. Passive immunization with rat or rabbit antiserum to galactocerebroside did not protect rats from EAE. Active immunization with galactocerebroside before the encephalitogenic challenge produced antibody to galactocerebroside but also failed to protect rats from EAE. These experiments did not support previous suggestions that antibodies to galactocerebroside are protective. PMID- 804437 TI - Effect on primary Rh immunization of delayed administration of anti-Rh. AB - An intramuscular injection of 100 mug of anti-Rh, given 13 days after an intravenous injection of 1 ml of Rh-positive red cells appeared to suppress primary Rh immunization: at 6 months, none of thirteen subjects so treated had detectable anti-Rh in their plasma, whereas anti-Rh was present in five out of twelve control subjects injected with Rh-positive cells alone (P equals 0.015, Fisher's exact test, one-tailed). Primary immunization was not suppressed in all treated subjects since, following a second injection of Rh-positive cells, 7-day survival was subnormal in three subjects, all of whom had anti-Rh in their plasma after a further 2 weeks. In three other treated subjects, primary Rh immunization appeared to be completely suppressed: survival was normal, or initially normal, following a second injection of Rh-positive cells and anti-Rh was detectable only after a third injection. PMID- 804436 TI - Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. III. Production of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs. AB - The efficacy of various fractions of mycobacterial cell walls in producing experimental ahlergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been evaluated. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Buerin) cell walls were effective in producing EAE in all animals at dose levels as low as 40 mug. Study of subfractions of these cell walls revealed the following: (1) wax D was active, but required larger doses than BCG cell walls; (2) the chloroform-methanol-soluble (CMS) portion of wax D and P3 (a mycolic acid-trehalose ester contained therein) were inactive; (3) the chloroform methanol-insoluble (CMI) portion of wax D was active; (4) exhaustively delipidated cell wass skeletons of BCG, Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and M. kansaii were active; (5) two water soluble adjuvants prepared from mycobacteria were active. These results suggest that the mycobacterial structure responsible for EAE adjuvanticity is present in the organic solvent-insoluble cell wall skeleton framework. The activity of wax D may be due to the presence of cell-wall skeleton constituents which are found in varying quanity in most wax D preparations. Wax D components soluble in a solution of chloroform:methanol (diluted 2:1 v/v) do not produce EAE. PMID- 804438 TI - In vitro synthesis of some complement components (C1q, C3 and C4) by lymphoid tissues and circulating leucocytes in man. AB - Human lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood leucocytes and monocytes were studies with respect to the synthesis of complement components (C1q, C3 and C4) using an in vitro culture technique. All of the lymphoid tissues investigated (bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, spleen, tonsil, adenoid) synthesize complement components in different patterns. C3 was produced by all lymphoid tissues except the spleen, which was the only lymphoid tissue in which C4 production was regularly found. C1q synthesis was demonstrated in the spleen and adenoid cultures, and occasionally also in those of lymph node tissue. Lymphocytes in peripheral blood from normal individuals and in thoracic duct lymph, and also from patients suffering from chronic lymphatic leukaemia, do not synthesize any of these complement components. Peripheral blood leucocyte samples from normal individuals, containing 60 per cent lymphocytes and 40 per cent monocytes, do synthesize C3, however. Separation of the monocytes from these samples showed that it was in these cells that the synthesis of C3 occurred. Production of C3 by mononuclear phagocytes is also supported by the finding that peripheral blood leucocytes from patients suffering from acute monocytic leukaemia synthesize C3. C1q and C4 synthesis could not be demonstrated in any of the cultures of circulating leucocytes. PMID- 804439 TI - Studies in vivo of cobra factor and murine C3. AB - The effect of the isolated C3-cleaving factor (CoF) of cobra venom on murine C3 in vivo and in vitro was studied. Optimal quantities of 100-200 units (0.5 minus 1.0 mg) of CoF per kg administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection in divided doses caused plasma C3 levels to fall to less than 5 per cent of normal from 1 to at least 4 days afterwards. Passive anti-CoF serum promptly abrogated the in vivo plasma C3 depletion, and under optimal conditions C3 levels reached 50 per cent of normal after approximately 15 hours. Injection of as little as 20 mug per mouse of CoF in saline induced a precipitating anti-CoF antibody response which prevented subsequent depletion of plasma C3 by CoF. The in vivo half-life of 125I-labelled CoF in normal mice estimated by whole body elimination and clearance from the blood was 24 hours. The presence in vivo of antibodies to CoF caused rapid clearance from the blood and elimination of 125I-labelled CoF, and also localization of some CoF in the spleen, liver and kidneys. PMID- 804440 TI - Effects of bile and gastrointestinal secretions on the infectivity of Newcastle disease virus. AB - Bile aspirated from chicken gall bladders was found to contain substances neutralizing Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Nonspecific factors were present in the bile, probably the bile acids, which caused a reduction in the infectivity of the virus. Specific anti-NDV activity was found in the bile of birds that had been vaccinated with a lentogenic strain, Ulster, and challenged with a velogenic, viscerotropic strain, California 1083. Immunoglobulins were also found in these secretions and demonstrated to include the immunoglobulin A class as well as immunoglobulin G. Variability in the neutralizing capacity of bile was found with two different plaque clones of strain 1083, indicating antigenic heterogeneity in the viral population. No difference was found between bile from uninfected birds and the bile from NDV-immune birds in their activities against influenza strain Turkey Ontario 7732, whereas activity existed against a non viscerotropic strain of NDV, Texas GB. These findings suggest that the specific activity of the secretions was most probably due to the presence of secretory antibody. The importance of the antiviral substances present in the alimentary tract was discussed with respect to the protection of the chicken against the viscerotropic pathotype of NDV. PMID- 804441 TI - Immunochemistry of purified polysaccharide type antigens of group B streptococcal types Ia, Ib, and Ic. AB - The HCl-extracted purified polysaccharide type antigens of group B Streptococcus types Ia and Ib were composed of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 3:1 for the Ia antigen and 2:1 for the Ib antigen. Immunochemical data were the same for the Ia antigens of type Ia, purified in this study, and type Ic, purified earlier. Glucosamine inhibited the Ib quantitative precipitin reactions more effectively than did N-acetylglucosamine, whereas the reverse was true of the Ia reaction. Ouchterlony studies were consistent with these observations and also revealed two type-specific precipitin bands with the HCl extracted Ia antigens. All saline-extracted type antigens, however, formed single Ouchterlony bands that were only partially identical to the corresponding HCl antigens. Purification of the saline antigens was accomplished by treatment with cold trichloroacetic acid and by fractional ethanol precipitation. Immunoelectrophoresis experiments showed that the saline antigens were more negatively charged than the HCl antigens. The presence of sialic acid in the saline antigens probably accounted for their net negative charge and the fact that they were partially degraded by mild acid hydrolysis. The same serological specificities were observed with saline- and with HCl-extracted antigens. PMID- 804442 TI - Alterations in mouse macrophage migration: a function of assay systems, lymphocyte activation product preparation, and fractionation. AB - Supernatants from mouse spleen cell and peritoneal cell cultures were tested for the presence of lymphocyte activation products. Supernatants from mouse spleen cell and peritoneal cell cultures incubated with brucella antigens contained a macrophage migration inhibition factor(s) and a macrophage spreading factor(s) only if the cells were harvested from Brucella-infected mice. After dialysis and freeze-drying, the supernatants were fractionated by preparative acrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Three fractions with lymphocyte activation product activity were obtained from the fractionated supernatants of mouse spleen cells and peritoneal cells harvested from Brucella-infected mice and cultured with brucella antigen. One fraction inhibited mouse macrophage migration from capillary tubes but not from agarose wells. A second fraction not only inhibited macrophage migration from both agarose wells and capillary tubes, but also contained an activity(s) that stimulated macrophage migration through Nuclepore filters and induced macrophage spreading. A third fraction timulated macrophage migration from agarose wells and also contained an activity(s) that stimulated macrophage migration through Nuclepore filters. Fractionated supernatants of mouse spleen cells and peritoneal cells harvested from uninfected mice incubated with and without brucella antigen, as well as of cells harvested from infected mice and not incubated with antigen, did not contain detectable lymphocyte activation products. PMID- 804443 TI - Susceptibility of thymectomized and irradiated mice to challenge with several organisms and the effect of dapsone on infection with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - B6C3F1 mice that had been thymectomized at 8 to 12 weeks of age, subjected to 950 R of whole-body X irradiation, and transfused with syngeneic bone marrow were challenged in a footpad with Mycobacterium leprae or M. marinum, or intravenously or intraperitioneally with Listeria monocytogenes. Also, mice inoculated with M. leprae in a hind footpad were administered dapsone in the mouse chow. The thymectomized-irradiated (T + R) mice did not survive as well as non thymectomized mice when housed in the vivarium with no special precautions, but survived sufficiently well to permit the completion of some long-term experiments. M. leprae multiplied to a higher "ceiling" and survived longer in the T + R mice than in the non-thymectomized controls. But a ceiling to multiplication of M. leprae was imposed, and finally the organisms were killed. The histopathological appearance of the footpad tissues, studied by electron microscopy, was consistent with the measurements of bacterial numbers and viability. Swelling of the footpad after local inoculation with M. marinum was greater in T + R mice than in non-thymectomized controls. Similarly, the number of L. monocytogenes following intravenous challenge was greater in the spleens of T + R than of non-thymectomized mice, and the survival of the T + R mice was impaired after intraperitoneal challenge with L.monocytogenes, compared to the survival of non-thymectomized mice. None of these differences was striking, suggesting that these T + R mice had retained or regained some immune competence. The effects of dapsone treatment of T + R mice inoculated with M. leprae were much the same as those of treatment of non-thymectomized mice. Because these T + R mice were not greatly immunosuppressed, they would not have provided a model of human lepromatous leprosy suitable for chemotherapeutic studies. PMID- 804444 TI - Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in tissue cultures: cellular attachment, entry, and survival. AB - The interaction of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) with cultured cells was investigated under aerobic conditions. Cell monolayers derived from rabbit testicular tissue extended the survival of treponemes as indicated by active motility. Large numbers of organisms rapidly attached to cultured cells. Within 3 h, one to twelve actively motile treponemes were attached to 25 to 50% of the cells. In addition, T. pallidum attained intracellularity as early as 30 min after inoculation of the cell monolayers. In sharp contrast, T. phagedenis biotype Reiter and T. denticola did not attach and did not enter cultured cells. Most importantly, intracellular and/or attached T. pallidum retained virulence for at least 24 h. Similar observations of attachment and retention of virulence were detected with ME-180, a cell line derived from a human cervical carcinoma. Preliminary studies with superoxide dismutase indicated that this enzyme prolonged treponemal motility and retention of virulence in the presence of cultured cells. These data provide guidelines for further investigations of in vitro cultivation of T. pallidum. PMID- 804446 TI - Immunological sequelae of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice: effect of viability and route of BCG administration on nematode-induced immunopotentiation. AB - Mice were infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis 22 days preceding administration of 4 times 10-6 viable or heat-killed BCG. The effect of the route of BCG administration on the subsequent delayed hypersensitivity response to old tuberculin was investigated by injecting the bacteria either intravenously, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously. Animals of the various groups were tested for delayed hypersensitivity footpad responses 28 days after BCG inoculation. Infection with T. spiralis was found to potentiate the ability of mice to respond to both viable and heat-killed BCG. In the case of heat-killed BCG, this potentiation appeared to be route dependent, since it could not be demonstrated when the bacilli were injected subcutaneously. PMID- 804445 TI - Strain-specific virulence-associated antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A strain-specific virulence-associated antigen has been found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain F-62. Using immunodiffusion in agar gel, it has been shown that the antigen is distinguishable from endotoxin and the virulence-associated toxic protein. It does not appear to be derived from pili. The antigen was not detected in T1 and/or T2 colony type cultures of 10 other isolates. It exhibited a possible partial immunological relationship with an antigen found in one additional strain. It was susceptible to digestion with Pronase and trypsin. PMID- 804447 TI - Antigenicites of fragments of Clostridium botulinum type B derivative toxin. AB - Two fragments with molecular weights of 110,000 and 60,000 were separated in a preparatory scale by gel filtration of the reduced Clostridium botulinum type B trypsinized derivative toxin on Sephadex G-200 with 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-0.38 M glycine buffer, pH 8.3, containing 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 2 M urea as eluant. They were both antigenic, forming crossing precipitin lines against type B antitoxin in agar gel double diffusion tests. PMID- 804448 TI - Interaction of complement components with a serum-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium C5 is under normal conditions (physiological saline containing 0.002 M Mg2+) resistant to the action of antibody and complement (C). It becomes sensitive, however, when suspended in tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer (Reynolds and Pruul, 1971; Reynolds and Rowley, 1969). The interaction of complement components with this strain sensitized with specific antibody has been studied to identify the intermediate step at which inhibition occurs. The components C1 yields C2 react normally, as has been shown by lysis of complement treated cells incubated with complement in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Also, the reaction of C3 can be demonstrated by positive immune adherence and agglutination with anti-C3. The complement-treated cells do not, however, react with rabbit C6 to 9 or rabbit serum lacking C6 in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan buffer. We conclude from these date that C5 can not react effectively under normal conditions. In contrast, if bacteria-antibody complexes are pretreated with rabbit serum lacking C6 in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, they are readily lysed by incubation with C6 to 9. Thus, C5 can react with the bacterial surface in tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer. PMID- 804449 TI - Requirement for a bone marrow-derived component in the expression of cell mediated antibacterial immunity. AB - Mice were X irradiated with 400 R and 1 week post-irradiation were found to be unable to develop antilisterial immunity after active or passive immunization with immunologically committed spleen lymphocytes from Listeria-immune donors. This consequence of irradiation disappeared spontaneously within 21 days of exposure to X rays. Mice irradiated with as much as 900 R could be passively protected by immunologically committed lymphoid cells from Listeria-immune donors 10 days after irradiation if they had been given normal bone marrow cells on the day or irradiation. It is concluded that, in addition to immunologically committed lymphocytes, a second cellular component is needed for the expression of antibacterial immunity. This second component is bone marrow derived. PMID- 804450 TI - Distribution of indigenous bacteria in the digestive tract of conventional and gnotobiotic rats. AB - The localization and population levels of the indigenous bacterial flora of conventional rats were investigated by cultural and histological techniques. Lactobacilli predominate in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine and associate with keratinized cells of the nonglandular portion of stomach. Mixtures of varying complexity of pure cultures of indigenous bacteria were inoculated into germfree rats. The distribution of these bacteria was examined to investigate the effect of lactobacilli in controlling the composition of other bacterial species in each portion of the digestive tract. In the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine, lactobacilli controlled the population levels of other bacterial species. In the lower part of the small intestine, not only lactobacilli but also the anaerobes which colonized the large bowel influenced the population levels of other bacterial types. Staphylococci isolated from a conventional rat colonized specifically the keratinized cells of the nonsecreting epithelium of the stomach when the rats were free from lactobacilli. This colonization was not observed after inoculation of lactobacilli into the rats. PMID- 804451 TI - Amyloid-related serum component (protein ASC) IN LEPROSY PATIENTS. AB - The presence of amyloid-related serum component, protein ASC, in serum samples from 63 leprosy patients was investigated. Protein ASC was detected in 38% of the patients. A correlation to the disease spectrum of leprosy was apparent: polar lepromatous cases, 64% positive; borderline lepromatous, 50%; borderline tuberculoid, 36%; subpolar tuberculoid, 17%; and polar tuberculoid, negative. Antibody activity against the a antigen of Mycobacterium leprae was also determined, showing a similar correlation to the disease spectrum. Serum samples from 23 apparently healthy Ethiopians serving as controls showed a protein ASC incidence of 22%. This figure is significantly higher than the frequency found by others among healthy Norwegian blood donors. Immunoglobulin M levels among patients were elevated in the borderline lepromatous and poplar lepromatous groups. The three tuberculoid groups did not differ in this respect from the control group but were all elevated as compared to a normal Caucasian serum pool. Although raised immunoglobulin M levels seemed to parallel increased frequencies of protein ASC in the patient groups as well as in controls, this correlation might be only secondary to a primary derangement in T-cell function. PMID- 804453 TI - Quantitation of Salmonella O-antibodies in human sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been applied to the detection of antibodies against Salmonella O-antigens in human sera. Phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from serogroups A (O-antigens 2, 12), B (4, 5, 12) and D (9, 12) were used as antigens. When compared to the tube agglutination method according to Widal employing sera from patients with verified or suspected typhoid--or paratyphoid fever and from healthy controls it was found that ELISA (i) correlated significantly with the Widal reaction, (ii) was up to 100-fold more sensitive, and (iii) showed a greater reproducibility. PMID- 804452 TI - Quantitation of Escherichia coli O antibodies by direct and indirect agglutination in comparison with a radioimmunoassay. AB - Titres of E. coli 06 antibody obtained with the direct bacterial agglutination (DBA) technique, the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique and the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique were compared using rabbit immune sera and IgG and IgM antibody fractions thereof, untreated as well as reduced from beta mercaptoethanol (ME). Poor rank correlation was obtained between the different assays on sera whether reduced or not. However, statistically significant correlation was obtained for the DBA and IHA titres on the IgM as well as IgG antibody fractions. There was also good correlation between the IHA and ASP titres on IgG antibody fractions. The DBA and IHA techniques both favoured IgM antibodies compared to the ASP method. This effect, however, was most accentuated by the IHA technique. In contrast, the IHA technique underestimated IgG antibodies more than the DBA technique. This could not be explained by influence of different antibody avidities, although the methods previously have been shown variously affected by such antibody properties. The study thus indicates an explanation for discrepancies in E. coli O antibody titres in patients with urinary tract infections obtained by different investigators using direct and indirect agglutination techniques or radioimmunoassay. PMID- 804454 TI - Tooth extractions in hemophiliacs. PMID- 804455 TI - Preprosthetic surgery in the front region of the mandible. PMID- 804456 TI - Photoelestic behavior of osteosynthesis plates with different arrangement of screw holes for mandibular fractures. PMID- 804457 TI - Integumental profile changes caused by surgical treatment of mandibular protrusion. PMID- 804458 TI - Oral epithelial atypia in denture induced hyperplasia, lichen planus and squamous cell papilloma. PMID- 804459 TI - Absence of ultrafast processes of repair of single-strand breaks in mammalian DNA. AB - Town, Smith and Kaplan (1972) reported that the yield of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) in E. coli is largely independent of the presence of molecular oxygen during irradiation. They suggested that the oxygen enhancement ratio (o.e.r.) normally observed is due to the presence of an ultrafast repair mechanism acting (in bacterial cells) mainly on anoxically-produced breaks. To determine whether similar mechanisms exist in mammalian cells, we carried out comparable experiments on two cell-lines, one from Chinese hamster, the other from mouse. Both heat inactivation and chemical inhibition were treatment inactivated all the enzymatic processes assayed, it did not alter the o.e.r. for SSB production, which remained about 3-0. The presence of sodium cyanide, hydroxyurea, iodoacetic acid, EDTA and quinacrine all failed to alter significantly the o.e.r. Isolated nuclei also demonstrated the full o.e.r. For these cell-lines at least, ultrafast reprir does not seem to exist. Isolated Adenovirus 2, which presumably lacks enzymic activity, demonstrated an o.e.r. of 3-6 for SSB production. From these results and others it seems unlikely that the so-called ultrafast enzymic repair is a general phenomenon accounting for the o.e.r. in a wide range of biological systems. Rather, the o.e.r. for SSB seems to result from differences in the direct physico-chemical effects of radiation under aerobic and anoxic conditions in most organisms. PMID- 804460 TI - Changes in the antigenic composition of cultured bovine corneas. AB - Several immunologic tests were used to compare the soluble antigens of cultured and normal bovine corneas. Results of fluorescent-antibody tests on normal corneas confirmed our earlier observation that the epithelium contained little serum protein, and that stroma and epithelium shared an antigen not found in bovine serum. Immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and fluorescent-antibody tests preformed on extracts prepared from normal and cultured corneas indicated that corneas absorbed serum proteins during the incubation period. We also noted that very little intact epithelium remained on corneas cultured in the presence of calf serum. The extract prepared from cultured corneas did not contain the strongly antigenic protein present in extracts of normal cornea or epithelium. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 804461 TI - The effect of percutaneous nitroglycerin upon the concentration of serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine in venous blood from migrainous subjects during attack-free intervals. PMID- 804462 TI - Selection acting directly on an enzyme polymorphism. AB - A biochemical approach is utilised in the study of the maintenance of variation at the Adh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. There is a direct correlation between biochemical findings and the results of competition experiments. The relevance of these findings to the study of other enzyme polymorphisms is discussed. PMID- 804463 TI - Parental age and heritability of sternopleural chaeta number in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Evidence is presented that the heritability of sternopleural chaeta number in Drosophila melanogaster is influenced by the age of the parents such that estimates based upon parents 14 days and older are significantly higher than those from 3-day-old parents. The increase is generally between 60 and 100 per cent when parents with mean ages of 3 days and 21 or 28 days are compared. The age-effect on h2 is more marked with age of mother, but there is a male effect when all comparisons are made between young mothers. The increase is found with estimates of h2 based both on offspring mid-parent regression and on half sib analyses, but may be more marked with the former. The increase in h2 is significantly less when females first mated when young are used than when females kept virgin until just prior to the test of heritability are used as old mothers. Some possible causes for these effects of parental age upon heritability and the expression of quantitative characters are discussed. PMID- 804464 TI - Herd studies on coliform mastitis. AB - Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63, 10, and 11 percent, respectively, of 158 coliform organisms recovered from mastitis cases in 8 California herds. The severity and nature of the coliform mastitis problem were found to vary greatly among herds but were characteristic for each of 4 herds studied in detail. PMID- 804465 TI - Rate factors in development of the high-pressure neurological syndrome. AB - The effect of varying the pressure/time profile upon development of tremors and convulsions of the high-pressure neurological syndrome was studied in adult mice and squirrel monkeys and in baby mice. Two distinct response patterns were observed. In the adults rapid compression produces early onset of convulsions; convulsions subside rapidly when animals are held at constant pressure just above the convulsion point; and interrupted compression schedules show that total compression time rather than instantaneous compression rate at the moment seizures develop is the controlling parameter. Baby mice up to 12 days of age, by contrast, fail to show any perceptible relation between compression rate and convulsion threshold pressure (Pc); their seizures continue for a considerable period of time after a constant pressure level just above the convulsion threshold has been reached; and interrupted compressions of type a fail to change their convulsion threshold. Together with supplementary data regarding tremor thresholds and the transient increase of convulsion thresholds by prior seizures these results lead to a proposed schema describing these phenomena in terms of a pressure-dependent primary event predisposing to tremors and convulsions; a time dependent event counteracting the convulsions (absent in baby mice); and a transient effect of prior convulsions, raising subsequent Pc. PMID- 804466 TI - Distribution of teichoic acid in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Hydrolysis of the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis 168 by autolysins or lysozyme resulted in the exposure of glucosylated teichoic acid molecules as evidenced by increased precipitation of [14C] concanavalin A. The number of concanavalin A reactive sites increased significantly after only limited enzymatic digestion of the walls. Quantitative analyses of [14C] concanavalin A-treated wall or wall hydrolysate complexes indicate that approximately one-half of the teichoic acid molecules are surface-exposed, whereas the remainder are probably embedded within the peptidoglycan matrix. Treatment of the cell walls with sodium dodecyl sulfate or Triton X-100 did not result in new concanavalin A-reactive sites. Partial autolysis diminished the ability of the cell walls to adsorb bacteriophage phi25. Fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A bound intensely over the entire surface of growing B. subtilis 168 cells, suggesting that teichoic acid molecules are located on the total solvent-exposed surface area of the bacteria. PMID- 804467 TI - Genetic transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa R factors to plant pathogenic Erwinia species. AB - The R factors RP1, R68 and R91 were freely transmissible to and from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and various plant pathogenic Erwinia spp. The antibiotic resistance spectrum of R+ Erwinia recipients was similar to those of other bacteria harboring these R factors, but maximum resistance levels differed with each recipient. The sponstaneous elimination of these factors from the Erwinia strains and the ability to transfer multiple antibiotic resistance suggest that these exist as plasmids in these hosts. Several, but not all, RP1 carrying Erwinia strains were sensitive to the RP1 specific phage PRR1. The R factor R18-1 was also transferred from P. aeruginosa to Erwinia spp. R18-1 was unstable in all Erwinia strains. Stable strains were isolated in which R18-1 could not be eliminated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and could not be transferred to other strains. PMID- 804468 TI - Regulation of the dicarboxylic acid part of the citric acid cycle in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The regulation of alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme has been studied in Bacillus subitilis. The levels of these enzymes increase rapidly during late exponential phase in a complex medium and are maximal 1 to 2 h after the onset of sporulation. Regulation of enzyme synthesis has been studied in the wild type and different citric acid cycle mutants by adding various metabolites to the growth medium. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is induced by glutamate or alpha ketoglutarate; succinate dehydrogenase is repressed by malate; and fumarase and malic enzyme are induced by fumarate and malate, respectively. The addition of glucose leads to repression of the citric acid cycle enzymes whereas the level of malic enzyme is unaffected. Studies on the control of enzyme activities in vitro have shown that alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are inhibited by oxalacetate. Enzyme activities are also influenced by the energy level, expressed as the energy charge of the adenylate pool. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme are inhibited at high energy charge values, whereas malate dehydrogenase is inhibited at low energy charge. A survey of the regulation of the citric acid cycle in B.subtilis, based on the present work and previously reported results, is presented and discussed. PMID- 804470 TI - Myxospore induction in a nondispersed growing mutant of Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Myxococcus xanthus RB5, a rough-colony-forming, nondispersed growing mutant of strain FBt, forms macroscopic, multicellular masses of radially oriented cells in shake cultures. The cells appear to be held together by slime fibrils. Physical and enzymatic methods to disrupt the spheres were unsuccessful as were attempts to isolate dispersed growing mutants. During incubation of the spheres in starvation medium, the cells within convert to myxospores, indistinguishable from those formed in fruiting bodies. Myxospores were also induced in artifically constructed, dense masses of cells of a nonmotile strain. PMID- 804469 TI - Different nuclease activities in competent and noncompetent Bacillus subtilis. AB - Competent and noncompetent cells of Bacillus subtilis were separated on the basis of their different buoyant densities. The two types of cells were compared with respect to their interactions with exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). After exposure of DNA to the cells, the unadsorbed fraction of DNA molecules was examined. Both types of cells decreased the biological activity of this DNA, the inactiviation exerted by noncompetent cells being more severe than that exerted by competent cells. Sedimentation analysis of the inactivated DNA revealed that fragments of DNA are produced, owing mainly to the introduction of double-strand scissions. In addition to this fragmentation, the competent bacteria extensively digested the DNA exonucleolytically. This type of breakdown was specifically related to the competent state rather than to the state of low density. The exonucleolytic activity is, in all probability, associated with the cell envelope, because most of the activity is released into the medium when the cells are converted to protoplasts. At 37 C the competence-specific exonucleolytic breakdown started 2 to 3 min after the binding of DNA to the cells. In unfractionated cultures, breakdown may proceed until 70% of the total amount of DNA added has been made acid soluble. Nontransforming Escherichia coli DNA was also subject to exonucleolytic degradation; it seems unlikely,therefore, that this type of breakdown occurs as a consequence of recombination. Since ethylenediaminetetraacetate blocked both transformation by native DNA and the exonucleolytic breakdown of bound DNA, we suggest that the breakdown of DNA by competent cells fulfills an essential function in genetic transformation of B. subtilis. PMID- 804471 TI - Flagellar ultrastructure and flagella-associated antigens of Campylobacter fetus. AB - Ultrastructural examinations of the flagellum of Compylobacter (Vibrio) fetus were performed throughout the growth cycle. Filament diameters, exceeding 17.6 nm during the exponential phase, were substantially greater than those reported for unsheathed flagella of other genera with the exception of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Filament diameters increased during growth, reaching a mean width of 21.2 nm in middle to late stationary phase. Internal flagellar structure, principally of the parallel lined variety, was observed during the later periods of growth but not during exponential or early stationary phase. Despite the unusually large filament sizes, no evidence of a flagellar sheath was observed after selected treatments (0.01 N HCl, 6 M urea, tris(hydroxymethyl) amino methane-hydrochloride buffer, warm water) or examination of thin sections. To determine whether alterations in filament size and variable ability to demonstrate filament fine structure were correlated with progressive changes in serological activity, agglutination and immobilization tests were conducted with antisera directed against intact flagella, the principal flagellar antigen, the O antigen, and a superficial glycoprotein which has been found in association with the flagellum and the cell envelope. Significant differences in the serological activity of cells at different growth intervals were not noted with any of the sera employed. PMID- 804472 TI - Plasmid mutations affecting self-maintenance and host growth in Escherichia coli. AB - As reported in the accompanying paper, a number of mutants of the ColVBtrp plasmid that can not be maintained stably in the host cell of Escherichia coli have been isolated. Each of the mutated plasmids has been transferred to an isogenic Col minus strain, and the resulting Col+ strains were studied to examine the effects of plasmid mutations on some properties of the host bacteria. Many of the strains harboring a mutated plasmid were thus found to be temperature sensitive; they failed to grow and divide normally at high temperatures. Some of them formed "filaments" under these conditions. These abnormal growth characteristics were accompanied by an increased susceptibility to sodium deoxycholate and methylene blue, suggesting that the cytoplasmic membrane has been altered. Moreover, studies of temperature-independent revertants obtained from two of these temperature-sensitive Col+ strains suggested that a single mutation on the plasmid is responsible for the pleiotropic effects exerted on the host cell. The bearing of these findings on the mode of replication and segregated of stringent-type plasmids such as ColVBtrp in the host bacteria is discussed. PMID- 804473 TI - Physiological function of the Pseudomonas putida PpG6 (Pseudomonas oleovorans) alkane hydroxylase: monoterminal oxidation of alkanes and fatty acids. AB - Pseudomonas putida PpG6 is able to utilize purified n-alkanes of six to ten carbon atoms for growth. It can also grow on the primary terminal oxidation products of these alkanes and on 1-dodecanol but not on the corresponding 2 ketones or 1,6-hexanediol, adipic acid, or pimelic acid. Revertible point mutants can be isolated which have simultaneously lost the ability to grow on all five n alkane growth substrates but which can still grow on octanol or nonanol. An acetate-negative mutant defective in isocitrate lysase activity is unable to grow on even-numbered alkanes and fatty acids. Analysis of double mutants defective in acetate and propionate or in acetate and glutarate metabolism shows that alkane carbon is assimilated only via acetyl-coenzyme A and propionyl-coenzyme A. These results support the following conclusions: (i) The n-alkane growth specificity of P. putida PpG6 is due to the substrate specificity of whole-cell alkane hydroxylation; (ii) there is a single alkane hydroxylase enzyme complex; (iii) the physiological role of this complex is to initiate the monoterminal oxidation of alkane chains; and (iv) straight-chain fatty acids from butyric through nonanoic are degraded exclusively by beta-oxidation from the carboxyl end of the molecule. PMID- 804474 TI - Purification and properties of arylsulfatase. A from human urine. AB - Arylsulfatase A (cerebroside sulfate sulfohydrolase) was purified 3500-fold at a 7% yield from human urine. A crude urinary protein concentrate was prepared by treating pooled urine with ammonium sulfate and subsequently drying the precipitate with acetone. The powder thus obtained was extracted with buffer and was subjected to chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures as follows: (a) ammonium sulfate reverse gradient solubilization chromatography; (b) DEAE cellulose chromatography; (c) Sephadex G-200 gel filtration; (d) preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (e) SP-Sephadex chromatography; and (f) antialbumin-Sepharose chromatography. The enzyme was judged to be essentially homogeneous by: (a) a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at two pH values; (b) formation of a single precipitin line on immunodiffusion against its antiserum: (c) complete freedom from albumin, the major contaminating protein; and (d) a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. PMID- 804475 TI - Inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in vitro. An adenine nucleotide-dependent reaction catalyzed by a factor in human fibroblasts. AB - Microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase prepared from either rat liver or human fibroblasts was shown to be inactivated in vitro by a factor in extracts of cultured human fibroblasts in a reaction requiring ATP or ADP and Mg2+ or Mn2+. The inactivation factor was found in the soluble fraction of fibroblasts extracts and was shown to be heat-labile, nondialyzable, and precipitable with ammonium sulfate. The inactivation reaction was prevented by the addition of either an ATP-regenerating system or an ADP-regenerating system, suggesting that the presence of both adenine nucleotides may be required. A series of kinetic experiments suggested that the fibroblast inactivation factor catalyzes the conversion of the microsomal enzyme from an active to an inactive form. The finding that solubilized preparations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from both rat liver and human fibroblasts were resistant to inactivation raises the possibility that some unidentified microsomal component also may participate in the inactivation reaction. PMID- 804476 TI - Purification and properties of tuberculin-active protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - When Mycobacterium tuberculosis was grown on Sauton medium, intracellular tuberculin-active protein was produced. This product was purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 and was obtained in crystalline form. The crystals were plates, somewhat irregular in shape, about 50 mum in length and 25 mum in width. The yield corresponded to a 1.5% over-all recovery of total protein. Ultracentrifugal analysis showed only one major component with a calculated molecular weight of 9700. Sedimentation velocity analysis gave a sedimentation coefficient at 20 degrees (see article) of 1.73 S. The estimated specific activities of tuberculin-active protein were 6.33 times 10 9 tuberculin units per mg of protein-nitrogen for sensitized guinea pigs and 6.33 times 10-11 tuberculin units per mg of protein-nitrogen for humans. This is the most potent tuberculin-active protein that has yet been obtained. PMID- 804477 TI - Amino acid sequence of tuberculin-active protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of tuberculin-active protein from tubercle bacilli was determined. The sequences of residues of tryptic, chymotryptic, and peptic peptides were established by Edman degradation and dansylation (5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) and by digestion with carboxypeptidases A and B. Certain peptides were further degraded using partial acid hydrolysis. The aspartyl and glutamyl residues at positions 70 and 73 are present as amides. There is one intrachain disulfide bridge linking residues 27 and 59; there are no free sulfhydryls. PMID- 804479 TI - Isolation, characterization, and subunit structures of multiple forms of Dolichos biflorus lectin. AB - The Dolichos biflorus lectin was isolated from seed homogenates by adsorption onto insoluble polyleucyl hog blood group A + H substance and subsequent elution with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Although the lectin was homogeneous as determined by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, sedimentation equilibrium, and immunodiffusion against rabbit antisera prepared against the crude seed extract, the lectin was fractionated into at least two electrophoretically distinquishable forms (A and B) by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Approximately 12% of the original lectin sample did not bind to the concanavalin A and contains the B form. The bound lectin was eluted specifically and quantitatively as a biphasic peak from the concanavalin A Sepharose with a gradient of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Carbohydrate analyses of lectin fractions obtained from different portions of the elution profile showed variation in the amount of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, thus confirming the heterogeneity of the electrophoretic A form. Both the A and B forms of the lectin are active and are apparently present in the dry seeds. Once separated, the two electrophoretic forms of the D. biflorus lectin are distinguishable by electrophoresis. The separated A and B forms show a high degree of similarity in molecular weights (113,000 and 109,000, respectively), antigenic character, and amino acid compositions. Both forms have alanine as NH2 terminal residues and either leucine or valine as the only detectable COOH terminal residues. The A and B forms specifically agglutinate and have similar titers for type A human red blood cells. They gave similar precipitin curves with hog blood group A + H substance and show similar inhibition curves with methyl alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the unfractionated D. biflorus lectin in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-8.0 M urea produced two major bands, corresponding to subunits IA and IIA of the A form of the lectin and two minor bands corresponding to subunits IB and IIB of the B form. Subunit molecular weight determinations by electrophoresis in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate gels showed molecular weights of 26,500 for subunits IA and IIA and 26,000 for subunits IB and IIB, Thus indicating that each form of the lectin is composed of four subunits. PMID- 804480 TI - Bacterial luciferase. Binding of oxidized flavin mononucleotide. AB - Bacterial luciferase catalyzes a bioluminescent oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide; the products include a photon and oxidized FMN. The experiments reported here show that luciferase binds oxidized flavin mononucleotide in a 1:1 molar ratio with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.2 times 10-4 M at 3 degrees in 0.05 M 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2'2"-nitriloethanol (bis-tris), pH 7.0. Analysis of the binding at temperatures between 3 and 30 degrees indicates an enthalpy of binding (delta H a) of minus 10.0 kcal per mol. The absorption spectrum of luciferase-bound FMN shows considerable alteration relative to that of free flavin. There is one major peak at 366 nm, and the 445-nm band is resolved into two distinct peaks at 434 and 458 nm; this spectrum is indicative of binding in a nonpolar environment. The circular dichroism spectrum of FMN bound to luciferase has structure which correlates well with the optical absorption spectrum of the bound flavin. The detail in the spectra of the bound FMN probably reflects the resolution of vibrational structure which is blurred in polar environments. The optical activity shown by the CD spectrum presumably results from binding in an electronically asymmetric fashion. Although FMN free in solution is highly fluorescent, FMN bound to luciferase is nonfluorescent, thus indicating that the emitting species is not an excited state of product FMN located in the same site in which luciferase binds oxidized FMN. PMID- 804478 TI - Cleavage of macromolecular heparin by an enzyme from mouse mastocytoma. AB - Heparinase was isolated from a transplantable mouse mastocytoma, by salt extraction of a particulate fraction sedimenting at 20,000 times g, followed by precipitation from saturated ammonium sulfate. By use of gel chromatography through Sepharose 4B, the enzyme was shown to degrade macromolecular. 35S labeled, mastocytomal heparin (K-av about 0.25) to products similar in size to commercial heparin (K-av about 0.85), apparently by nonrandom cleavage of a limited number of glycosidic linkages per molecule. Prolonged incubation times (up to 5 days, with repeated addition of enzyme) did not result in further degradation of the product. No significant depolymerizing activity was observed with any other glycosaminoglycan tested, including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and commercial heparin. The pH optimum for degradation of macromolecular heparin was around pH 5. The nature of the linkage cleaved by the heparinase was investigated by reduction of unlabeled polysaccharide degradation products with sodium [3H]borohydride. The degraded chains (but not the macromolecular substrate) incorporated significant amounts of tritium. An essentially monodisperse fraction of the labeled, degraded heparin was subjected to meniscus depletion sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, indicating a molecular weight of 14,500. By relating the molecular weight to the specific activity of the preparation, the amount of reducible groups was calculated to be approximately one per molecule. The 3H labeled heparin was degraded to monosaccharides by a combination of acid hydrolysis and cleavage due to deamination with nitrous acid. Analysis of the degradation products, by paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography, showed a major radioactive component which behaved like L-gulonic acid. Since [3H]gulonic acid would be the expected reduction product of a polysaccharide molecule, containing a glucuronic acid residue in terminal position, these results tentatively suggest that the heparinase is an endoglucuronidase. By direct deaminative cleavage (no hydrolysis) of the 3H-labeled heparin, the glucosamine unit in penultimate position (i.e. adjacent to the [3H]gulonic acid residue) was shown to be 52% N-sulfated and 48% N-acetylated. As only 14% of the glucosamine was N-acetylated in the macromolecular heparin substrate, it is suggested that cleavage of this polysaccharide, by the heparinase, occurs in regions more abundant in N-acetylated glucosamine residues than other portions of the molecule. The possibility that formation and degradation of macromolecular heparin occurs also in mammalian species other than rodents in discussed. PMID- 804481 TI - Purification and properties of the photosystem I reaction center from chloroplasts. AB - 1. A reaction center from chloroplasts was purified by means of detergent treatment, differential centrifugation, column chromatography, and sucrose gradient. 2. The reaction center is active in NADP photoreduction by ascorbate. Ferredoxin, ferredoxin-NADP-reductase, and plastocyanin were required for the reaction. 3. The preparation contains five classes of polypeptide chains with apparent molecular weights of 70,000, 25,000, 20,000, 18,000 and 16,000 as determined by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. 4. Treatment with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate abolished the NADP photoreduction activity and released the low molecular weight subunits, which were removed by sucrose gradient centrifugation from the high molecular weight ones. The P700 signal is associated with the 70,000 molecular weight polypeptide. 5. Antibody, prepared against the active reaction center, inhibited NADP photoreduction catalyzed by the purified reaction center as well as by isolated chloroplasts. The antibody interacted on immunodiffusion plates with any subchloroplast preparation capable of NADP photoreduction. It also interacted with the purified 70,000 molecular weight polypeptide. 6. It is concluded that both the primary oxidation and the primary reduction in Photosystem I are associated with the 70,000 molecular weight polypeptide. PMID- 804482 TI - Purification and characterization of an inhibitor of phospholipase A1 in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The protoplasts of a mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 (B. subtilis CMK33) are osmotically fragile when compared to protoplasts of the parent organism and contain an active, membrane-associated phospholipase A1. A protein found in the parent organism specifically inhibits the phospholipase A1 (Kent, C., and Lennarz, W.J. (1972) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 2793-2797). The inhibitor exists in both a soluble and particulate form. The soluble inhibitor is not found in the cytoplasm, but rather in a "periplasmic" fraction released from the cell during incubation with lysozyme. The soluble inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Its molecular weight is 28,000 to 32,000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography and 36,000 to 37,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor appears to inactivate the membrane bound phospholipase A1 by an enzymatic process that is dependent on time and protein concentration. Binding of the inhbitor to the membrane-associated phospholipase cannot be detected. When purified inhibitor is added to cells of B. subtilis CMK33 during treatment with lysozyme, the osmotic stability of the resultant protoplasts is similar to that of protoplasts of the wild type of organism. PMID- 804483 TI - Fractions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 prepared by two extraction procedures. AB - Lipopolysaccharides have been extracted from Escherichia coli O111:B4 by phenol extraction and by a new method employing aqueous butanol. Both methods yield very similar lipopolysaccharide preparations. Gel filtration chromatography of either preparation yields two physically and chemically distinct lipopolysaccharide fractions. One fraction contains lipopolysaccharide molecules with long antigenic side chains. It acts like a highly asymmetric unit with an apparent weight of 1.5 times 10-6 and is not dissociated by detergents or deacylation. The second fraction has a short antigenic side chain and can be dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 into units of approximately 90,000. Some properties of the lipopolysaccharide fractions vary with the method of extraction. PMID- 804484 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of a blood group H-related glycosphingolipid by an alpha fucosyltransferase from bovine spleen. AB - An alpha-fucosyltransferase activity has been detected in a purified membrane preparation isolated from bovine spleen which catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose from GDP-L-[14C]-fucose to a tetraglycosylceramide (Lac-nTet-cer, Galbetal 4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4-Glc-cer) to form the blood group H-related glycosphingolipid. The membrane preparation contained a highly active endogenous nonlipid acceptor, which could be precipitated by 5% trichloroacetic acid or chloroform-methanol-water (6:3:5, v/v/v), whereas there was little endogenous glycosphingolipid acceptor. The optimum pH value for the incorporation of L fucose was 6.4 in cacodylate-HCl buffer. The Km values were 0.6 mM and 0.36 mM for Lac-nTet-cer and GDP-L-fucose, respectively. The 14C-labeled product of the reaction was isolated and purified; it migrated with human erythrocyte blood group H-active pentaglycosylceramide. the terminal [14C]fucose was hydrolyzed 85% and 55% by 0.1 N trichloroacetic acid at 100 degrees for 2 hours and Charonia lampas alpha-fucosidase (19 hours at 37 degrees), respectively. The 14C-labeled product inhibited the hemagglutination reaction of O-type cells against eel anti H(O) globulin and formed a precipitin line with Ulex europeus lectin. PMID- 804485 TI - Molecular and catalytic properties of mitochondrial (ketogenic) 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase of liver. AB - Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase has been purified to homogeneity from avian liver. The enzyme in dilute phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, has an S20,w of 5.7 S and a molecular weight of 105,000 determined by sedimentation equilibrium; the presence of 0.1 M KCl causes dissociation to a form one-half that size, i.e. about 57,000 daltons. Since the subunit molecular weight of the synthase determined by the dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel method is 53,000, it appears that the native enzyme is a dimer composed of weight-homogeneous subunits. A number of molecular and catalytic properties allow the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthases to be distinguished. The pI of the homogeneous mitochondrial enzyme is 7.2. This value, while identical to that of the single isoelectric-focusing species of broken mitochondrial preparations, differs from those of the multiple 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthases found in the cytoplasmic fraction which exhibit pI values of 4.8 and 6.7. Rabbit antibodies against the purified mitochondrial synthase are capable of precipitating the mitochondrial, but not the cytoplasmic, synthase(s) of avian liver. Finally, the synthase differ kinetically in their responses to divalent magnesium ion, the mitochondrial enzyme being inhibited and the cytoplasmic enzyme(s) activated. It is proposed that the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA synthase of liver functions in ketogenesis while its cytoplasmic counterpart participates in cholesterogenesis (Clinken-Beard, K. D., Sugiyama, T., Reed, W. D. and Lane, M.D. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3124-3134). PMID- 804486 TI - Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal proteins uniquely required for assembly. AB - Two 30 S ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli have been found to be uniquely required for assembly of 30 S ribosomal subunits. 30 S ribosomes were reconstituted in vitro from 16 S RNA and a mixture of purified 30 S ribosomal proteins (sigma Si). In the absence of S16, sigmaSi-S16 particles were slowly assembled wich had physical and functional properties similar to complete particles (sigmaSi). The results indicate that S16 affects the rate of 30 S ribosome assembly, but does not appear to be directly involved in any known ribosomal function. Particles assembled in the absence of S18 (sigmaSi-S18) had high activity in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis but lost considerable activity upon isolation or purification. The loss of activity could be attributed primarily to the loss of proteins S11 and S21. S18 appears to have a major role in the stabilization of ribosome structure, especially the binding of proteins S11 and S21, and does not appear to be directly required for activity in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. However, it is possible that S18 has some functional role which is not required for polyphenylalanine synthesis. PMID- 804487 TI - Reconstitution of cell wall synthesis in toluene- and LiCl-treated Bacillus megaterium cells by addition of a soluble protein extract. AB - Proteins required for the synthesis of peptidoglycan and incorporation of diaminopimelic acid into cell walls have been solubilized from Bacillus megaterium toluene-treated cells. Some of these proteins might have been removed from the cytoplasmic membrane through the cell wall by extraction with LiCl. The solubilized proteins have molecular weights in the range of 40,000 to 70,000 and can be added back to B. megaterium toluene-treated cells to reconstitute the synthetic reactions. PMID- 804488 TI - Kinetic studies on muscle glycogen synthase. AB - Using the I form of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase essentially free of glycogen, the kinetics and mechanism of action was investigated. No evidence for an exchange between [14C]UDP and UDP-glucose was found. The bisubstrate kinetics of the enzyme for UDP-glucose and glycogen, as well as for UDP-glucose and maltose, was determined. An intersecting pattern in the double reciprocal plot (velocity versus substrate concentration) suggestive of a sequential mechanism (ordered or random) was found in all cases. The K-m for UDP-glucose (45 to 48 mM) was the same with either maltose or glycogen as acceptor. The K-m for maltose (230 mM) and for glycogen (1.5 mug/ml) differed. PMID- 804489 TI - Ruptures of the fibular collateral ligaments of the ankle. Result study of immediate surgical treatment. AB - A recently published survey from this institution of the results of conservative treatment for severe injuries to the lateral ligaments of the ankle showed relatively disappointing results; only 58.8 per cent of patients were asymptomatic at follow-up. Influenced by this study, we utilized ankle arthrography, aimed at more exact diagnosis, and immediate open repair was done in selected patients (young, serious athletes). Over a two and one-half-year period, twenty-seven patients, an average of 19.7 years old, who had major injuries to the lateral ligaments of the ankle had immediate surgical repair. Greatly improved results were achieved. PMID- 804490 TI - The effect of the herbicide 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (245T) on the growth and metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The herbicide 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (245T) at concentrations from 0.5 to 0.9 mM, was found to inhibit respiration and then growth in exponentially growing cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cell division was stopped for periods up to 60 minutes after which the cells recovered and division resumed. Recovery of oxygen utilization and cell division occurred in the presence of 245T. 245T was shown to inhibit mitochondrial oxygen utilization. Mitochondria from cells that had recovered from 245T treatment lost their sensitivity to low concentrations of the herbicide and sedimented deeper in a sucrose gradient than mitochondria from control cells. PMID- 804491 TI - Somatostatin blockade of acute and chronic stimuli of the endocrine pancreas and the consequences of this blockade on glucose homeostasis. AB - The nature and extent of somatostatin-induced inhibition of pancreatic endocrine secretion were studied by administration of a number of stimuli of either glucagon or insulin to over night fasted baboons with and without an infusion of linear somatostatin. The stimuli for acute-phase insulin release were intravenous pulses of glucose, tolbutamide, isoproterenol, and secretin. When given 15 min after the start of a somatostatin infusion, these agents were essentially unable to stimulate insulin secretion. Chronic insulin secretion was stimulated by infusions of either glucose or glucagon. Within 10 min of the start of a super imposed infusion of somatostatin, insulin levels fell to less than 40 percent of prestimulus control and remained suppressed for the duration of the somatostatin infusion. Stimulation of glucagon secretion by insulin-induced hypoglycemia was also blocked by somatostatin. Plasma glucose decreased during somatostatin infusions except when superimposed upon an infusion of glucagon. Somatostatin had no effect on glucose production in a rat liver slice preparation. We conclude: (a) Somatostatin is a potent and so far universally effective inhibitor of both acute and chronic phases of stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion (b) The inhibitory effect is quickly reversible and the pattern of recovery of secretion is appropriate to prevailing signals; (c) Present evidence suggests that the effect of somatostatin on blood glucose is mediated through its effect on blood glucagon; (d) In the overnight-fasted baboon both in the basal state and 45 min into a 4-mg/kg-min glucose infusion, a somatostatin-induced fall in serum insulin levels appears to be unable to prevent a decrease in hepatic glucose production. PMID- 804492 TI - Ultrastructural mapping of methyldopa and anti-D IgG erythrocyte antigen receptors. AB - The ultrastructural distribution pattern and site density of alpha-methyldopa immunoglobin G (alpha-MD IgG) on the red cell membrane was observed and compared with that of anti-D IgG, with ferritin-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG and [125I]anti-D. alpha-MD IgG binds to all common types of human red cells, both Rho (D) positive and negative, to give a random, aperiodic distribution pattern grossly indistinguishable from the red cell D receptor site pattern. alpha-MD IgG inhibits the binding of [125I]anti-D to D-positive red cells when the reaction is controlled with respect to total reaction volume, ionic strength, and the appropriate concentrations of the two IgG reactants. To determine if a alpha-MD IgG binds to the D-antigen receptor, D-positive red cells were sensitized with alpha-MD and [125I]anti-D IgG spearately and with both IgG preparations. The cell bound radioactivity served to identify what proportion of the total ferritin labeled IgG sites were due to anti-D. With nonsaturating concentrations of anti-D the number of IgG sites observed was equal to the sum of the sites found when the red cell was sensitized separately with alpha-MD and anti-D IgG. With saturating concentrations of anti-D there was a reduction in the expected number of IgG sites, indicating that alpha-MD IgG was excluded from binding. There was no comparable interaction of alpha-MD IgG and anti-D IgG when D-negative red cells were used. The results obtained indicate that alpha-MD IgG does not bind to the D antigen. The interaction between alpha-MD IgG and anti-D IgG for binding sites on the red cell membrane may be due to the close physical proximity of the two receptors, so as to produce steric hindrance in binding of the two IgG preparations when both are present. The alpha-MD IgG receptor appears to be a part of the Rh antigen complex that occurs in both D-positive and D-negative red cells and probably contains receptors for other types of warm-antibody immune hemolytic anemias. PMID- 804494 TI - Antibodies to cellular antigens in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - An extract of human lymphocytes from continous cell culture was used as the antigen source to detect antibodies in sera of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Using double diffusion in agarose, 85 per cent of a selected group of patients had precepating antibodies. Three precipitating antigen-antibody systems were detected and were shown to be different from those described previously in othe systemic rheumatic diseases. The SS precipitating antibodies were temporarily classified as precipitins, A, B, and C. SS patinets with sicca syndrome but without clinical rheumatoid arthritis had precipitin systems A and/or B, and SS patients with associated rheumatoid arthritis had precipitin system C. Serum reactants were demonstrated by immuno-electrophoresis to migrate in the gamma globulin region. The precipitating activity of the serum factors was not destroyed by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol and was not removed by absorption of rheumatoid factor from the sera. The reactivity of the lympuocyte antigens was destroyed by treatment with trypsin but not by deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. PMID- 804493 TI - Structural and functional studies of ligandin, a major renal organic anion binding protein. AB - Sephadex gel filtration of the 1000,000 g supernate of homogenates of rat kidney revealed binding of various organic anions (penicillin, Bromsulphalein [BSP], bilirubin, phenolsulfonphthalein [PSP], phlorizin, glutathione [GSH], p-amino hippurate (PAH), probenecid, conjugated bilirubin, and BSP-GSH) to a nonalbumin containing protein fraction (Y), which precipated on addition of monospecific anti-rat liver ligandin (Y protein)-IgG, but not control IgG. Quantitatively similar organic anion binding was observed in vivo after injection of BSP, BSP GSH, phlorizin, probenecid, conjugated bilirubin, PAH, or penicillin. The binding protein was purified to apparent homogeneity and is a basic protein (pI 8.9) of 44,000 daltons with two apparently identical subunits of 22,000 daltons. Monospecific antibody was produced against the renal protein. The results of binding studies in vivo and in vitro and phsicochemical, immunologic, structural, and binding site investigations indicate that the renal protein is identical to hepatic ligandin. Immunofluorescent studies utilizing anti-ligandin IgG previously localized ligandin in the kidney to all proximal tubular cells. By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, the concentration of renal ligandin was 31.2 plus or minus 2.2 mug/mg supernatant protein and was increased 160% above basal values by pretreatment of rats with tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin. Pretreatment with phenobarbital, DDT, or pregnene-16alpha-carbonitrile did not increase renal ligandin concentration but doubled hepatic ligandin concentration. Circular dichroism studies of renal ligandin revealed percent helical structure similar to hepatic ligandin and primary association contrasts were derived for BSP (10-6 M 1) and PAH, probenecid, and penicillin (10-3 M-1). Administration of BSP or probenecid simultaneously with [C14] penicillin resulted in increased plasma retention and reduced kidney and urinary bladder content of [14C] penicillin and a correlation coefficient of -0.8 between total kidney/plasma radioactivity and percent of protein-bound radioactivity bound to ligandin in the kidney. These studies indicate that renal and hepatic ligandin are identical. Their response to drugs and chemicals varies. Competitive binding between several organic anions for ligandin correlated with their renal uptake from plasma, which suggests that ligandin may function in the proximal tubular cell as a component of the renal organic anion transport system. PMID- 804495 TI - Tyrosinase activity in human skin. Influence of race and age in newborns. AB - Tyrosinase has been measured in homogenates of foreskins from newborn babies. The tyrosine hydroxylation reaction is dependent upon 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine as a cosubstrate, and the Km for tyrosine is 0.15 mM, similar to the value observed for other mammalian tyrosinases. The mean enzyme activity for black babies (n = 169) is about two and one-fourth times that for white babies (n = 82). For white babies there is a significant correlation between age at circumcision and tyrosinase activity. For black babies this correlation becomes significant when four individuals with extremely high tyrosinase activities are omitted from the series. PMID- 804496 TI - A screening method for the detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum. AB - The antiglobulin consumption test of Steffen (1954) has been adapted for the detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum. This screening method takes approximately two hours to complete and sera which give a negative result need no further investigations, whilst positive sera should be fully tested by the conventional Brucella serology technique. PMID- 804497 TI - A membrane filter technique for testing disinfectants. AB - A membrane filter was used for assessing the surface disinfecting activity of phenolic disinfectants and a chloroxylenol disinfectant. The influence of the type of organism, inoculum size, and hardness of water was investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen for the standardized test. Disinfectant solutions were prepared in water of 300 ppm hardness and applied for two and a half minutes and eight minutes to the bacteria deposited from filtration of 1 ml of a suspension containing 10-6 bacteria. The membrane filter test has certain advantages over many tests, eg, all organisms surviving after treatment can be counted and residual disinfectant is easily removed. PMID- 804498 TI - Present role of dynamic tests of thyroid function. PMID- 804499 TI - Atlas of estrogen-concentrating cells in the central nervous system of the squirrel monkey. AB - Estrogen is concentrated within cellular nuclei in discrete regions of the monkey brain 30 and 60 minutes following intravenous injection of [3H] estradiol. Chromatographic data is provided to suggest that most of the localized estrogen is in the form of estradiol with lesser amounts of estrone and estriol. Three "major" areas of estrogen accumulation include: (1) preopticostrial accumulation: n. preopticus medialis--n. interstitialis striae terminalis, (2) basal hypothalamic accumulation: n. infundibularis--n. ventromedialis--n. premammillaris ventralis, and (3) the amygdaloid accumulation. Several "minor" areas of estrogen accumulation include the tuberculum olfactorium, insulae Calleja, n. triangularis septi, a. hypothalamica anterior, n. anterior hypothalami, n. paraventricularis, n. supraopticus, n. periventricularis and the substantia grisea centralis. The neocortex, rhombencephalon and spinal cord are essentially unlabeled. The major areas of accumulation are similar in several other mammalian and avian species while these, and some minor areas of accumulation, have been shown in neuroanatomical studies to be interconnected by several pathways, especially the stria terminalis. Lesion, implant, stimulation, recording and morphometric studies, in several species, support the concept that this arrangement provides a neuroanatomical substrate which would allow the integration of the various facets of the neuroendocrine reproductive response. PMID- 804501 TI - Point of view: cost effectiveness in the health care system. PMID- 804500 TI - Comparison of honeybee venoms and their components from various sources. AB - The use of honeybee venoms and their components may assist in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of reactions to honeybee stings. This initial study compared venoms from various sources by chemical and biological assays, and significant variations were observed. Ten different bee venoms were compared by nitrogen analysis, mouse toxicity, hyaluronidase content, and antigenicity. Based on mouse toxicity, hyaluronidase content, and gel diffusion analysis, two groups of bee venoms could be differentiated. Venoms in one group, Group A, were more toxic, contained hyaluronidase, and showed an additional precipitin band. All venoms contained mellitin as a major fraction, which formed nonimmune precipitin bands during gel diffusion analysis. Gel filtration chromatography and dialysis separated the venoms into components that were then identified by enzyme assays, rat mast cell degranulation, hemolytic activity, and gel diffusion analysis. The venoms within Group A showed similar components, some of which, most noticeably hyaluronidase, were not present in Group B. Dialysis showed that a large portion of the venom could pass through a cellophane membrane including a portion of the phospholipase A. Heterogeneous molecular weights were found for phospholipase A by both gel filtration and dialysis, and may reflect variation in carbohydrate content. It appears that bee venom variability for whatever reason, a heterogeneous MW antigen, and a non-immune precipitable component require careful consideration in any study involving this venomm. These studies have yielded relatively pure, identified bee venom components which can be employed in further studies investigating reactions to honeybee stings. PMID- 804502 TI - Anterior urethral diverticulum in the male: report of two cases. AB - Anterior urethral diverticulum in the male is relatively uncommon; 2 additional cases are presented. One of the patients had a unique fusiform dilatation of the urethra, the first to be reported in an adult as an acquried diverticulum. Features distinguishing acquired from congenital urethral diverticula are discussed. PMID- 804503 TI - Editorial: A considerable distance to travel. PMID- 804504 TI - A preliminary study of cranial bone movement in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 804505 TI - Cranial bone mobility. PMID- 804506 TI - The cerebrospinal fluid: values for compliance and resistance to absorption. PMID- 804507 TI - Life extension in the rotifer Mytilina brevispina var redunca by the application of chelating agents. AB - Extensions of life-span and reproductive period were achieved in the rotifer Mytilina brevispina var redunca by regular brief immersions in solutions of one of the following chelating agents, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, EDTA, and EGTA. It was shown by means of radiolabelling with 45 calcium that the rate of calcium accumulation in chelation-treated rotifers was markedly lower than in the untreated controls. Furthermore, significant quantities of calcium, which increased throughout the life-span, were withdrawn from rotifers at chelation. These results add further evidence to a mechanism of aging in this organism that is related to a detrimental accumulation of calcium during the life period. PMID- 804508 TI - Induction of acquired cellular resistance following transfer of thymus-dependent lymphocytes from syphilitic rabbits. AB - Syphilitic rabbits have previously been shown to resist challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Thirty days after rabbits were infected with Treponema pallidum, transfer of 4 to 6 times 10-8 viable spleen cells along with T. pallidum conferred resistance to Listeria on normal recipients. Treatment of the spleen cells with anti-thymus serum and complement inhibited or abolished their ability to transfer resistance to Listeria. These results support the hypothesis that the ability of syphilitic rabbits to suppress the growth of Listeria reflects stimulation of cell-mediated immunity during active infection with T. pallidum. PMID- 804509 TI - Heavy chain-producing variants of a mouse myeloma cell line. AB - Eleven variants producing only heavy (H) chains have been isolated from the P3 cell line after mutagenesis with either ICR-191 or nitrosoguanidine. The H chains produced by these variants are similar both in molecular weight and by peptide maps with the parental H chain. H chains dimerize intreacellularly, are not secreted but persist as stable cytoplasmic proteins. No evidence for the continued synthesis of light (L) chains of L chain fragments has been found in these variants. These studies show that, in the P3 cell line, the synthesis of H chains can continue in the absence of detectable L chain synthesis. PMID- 804510 TI - Cleavage of the third complement component (C3) and generation of the spasmogenic peptide, C3a, in human serum via the properdin pathway: demonstration of inhibitory as well as enhancing effects of epsilon-amino-caproic acid. AB - Human and guinea pig serum loses hemolytic activity of the third complement component (C3) during incubation at 37 degrees C. The loss is due to specific C3 cleavage involving the properdin system. This is concluded from the finding that C3 inactivation is prevented by EDTA, by elimination of properdin factor B, and unimpaired in C4 deficient guinea pig serum. In the presence of 1 M epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA) spontaneous C3 cleavage is considerably enhanced and accompanied by the appearance of biologically active C3a. Lower concentrations of EACA inhibit rather than enhance C3 cleavage in serum. The inhibitory effect of EACA is due to interference with the interaction of the properdin factors and their action on C3 as demonstrated in various systems: the assembly of an active C3-cleaving complex on zymosan, its regeneration after decay by factor D and factor B (GBG), cleavage of GBG by C3b and factor D in systems of purified components, and cleavage of C3 by preformed properdin complexes. Reactions involving the cobra venom factor were likewise depressed. In all these systems EACA was inhibitory even at 1M concentration. No single step in the development or action of an active properdin system was found to be enhanced by 1 M EACA. The enhancing effect of high concentrations of EACA on C3 cleavage in serum may be explained by its observed inhibition of C3b inactivator (C3bINA). This factor controls the properdin system by destroying C3b. In serum the inhibitory effect of 1 M EACA on C3bINA appears to allow escape of the properdin system from its control and thus to increase its net activity toward C3 despite inhibition of the enzymic reactions proper. At lower concentrations the effect of EACA on C3bINA is apparently less significant; therefore, at low concentrations of EACA, its inhibitory effects on C3 cleavage by the properdin system in serum prediominate. PMID- 804511 TI - Distribution and association of heavy and light chain variable region subgroups among human IgA immunoglobulins. AB - A series of randomly selected human IgA myeloma proteins were examined for the presence of the VHIII subgroup as defined by the possession of an unblocked amino terminal amino acid and characteristic linked residues along the heavy chain. Blocked heavy chains were classified as VHB proteins. The data showed that 20 of 30 such random alpha chains (67%) were classifiable as members of the VHIII subgroup. Similarly, 75% of heavy chains isolated from pools of normal serum IgA contained a VHIII variable region. The pattern stands in marked contrast to the situation in human IgG proteins where approximately 20% of heavy chains from both pools and myeloma proteins are VHIII. There was thus a clear divergence of the pattern of variable region: constant region association between these two classes of immunoglobulin. Some more limited data were obtainable for the light chains of the IgA myeloma proteins. Certain predilections for light chain subgroup:heavy chain subgroup (VHIII or VHB) associations were discernable, but more data are required for definite conclusions. Overall, this study suggests that although the pool of available variable region sequences is indeed shared among human IgA and IgG proteins, the partitioning is not exactly equivalent between the two immunoglobulin classes. The pattern is particularly apparent at present for the VHIII subgroup which comprises approximately 70% of human alpha chains and only about 20% of human gamma chains. PMID- 804513 TI - Spontaneous modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity in schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Spontaneous diminution of granuloma formation around schistosome eggs in chronic schistosomiasis mansoni has been demonstrated previously. In the present study these findings were confirmed by injecting schistosome eggs into the pulmonary microvasculature and removing the lungs 8 days later from mice infected for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks; the mean area of inflammation around the eggs was then measured. At 4 weeks a primary reaction was seen, by 8 weeks a massive secondary reaction occurred, but by 12 weeks the lesion was considerably reduced in size, and at 20 weeks it was smaller than the primary reaction. Concomitant measurements of humoral hemagglutinins to soluble egg antigens (SEA) revealed no detectable antibodies at 4 and 6 weeks, relatively low levels at 8 weeks, and an exponential increase in hemagglutinins at 12 weeks and beyond. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed no precipitins at 8 weeks, 1 major band and 2 minor bands at 12 and 16 weeks, and 2 major bands and 1 minor band at 20 weeks. Spleen cells from 8 week-infected mice showed peak migration inhibitory factor (MIF) output at a concentration of 1 mug/ml of soluble egg antigens and suppression of lymphokine secretion at higher concentrations. At 12 and 16 weeks, exponentially lower antigen concentrations both stimulated and suppressed peak MIF output; at 20 weeks MIF was not detectable after stimulation over a wide range of antigen concentrations. Delayed footpad swelling to SEA reached its peak at 10 weeks and declined thereafter, but the response to PPD in tuberculin-sensitized schistosome infected mice remained constant over the period of time studied. PMID- 804512 TI - Alternate complement pathway induction of aggregation and release of 5 hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate by rabbit platelets. AB - The present studies investigated patterns of rabbit platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) utilizing nine variables: three different types of challenge, soluble antigen and antibody (AG-AB), zymosan (Z), an agent known to activate the alternate complement pathway (ACP), and Z preincubated in lightly heparinized plasma so as to become coated with complement (ZC); three different types of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), lightly heparinized PRP in which both complement pathways are active, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid-PRP (EGTA PRP) in which only the ACP is active, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid PRP (EDTA-PRP), which inhibits both complement pathways; three different types of inhibitors, cobra venom factor (CoF), which causes activation of C3 proactivator (C3PA) to C3 activator (C3A) and fluid phase decomplementation of C3 and C5 through C9, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), a specific antagonist of ADP, and tosyl arginine methyl ester (TAME), an inhibitor thought to act not only on the first component of complement, but also on a platelet membrane site of mediating complement-induced platelet injury as well as on C3PAse. In heparinized PRP, both AG-AB and Z produced biphasic aggregation and prompt and extensive 5HT release. A brief lag period noted with both AG-AB and Z challenge was not observed with ZC challenge, indicating that this lag period represented time required for generation of the necessary complement-dependent membrane-injuring activity. Prior decomplementation by CoF entirely prevented both aggregation and release by either AG-AB or Z but by ZC, indicating first that fluid-phase ACP activation did not produce platelet injury, and second that ZC had on its surface an activity capable of producing immediate biphasic aggregation and prompt 5HT release without the further participation of later acting complement components. Both AMP and TAME eliminated the second phase of aggregation and diminished or eliminated 5HT release with all three challenges, suggesting that both inhibitors might be operative on similar or identical platelet membrane receptors mediating complement-dependent platelet injury. In EGTA-PRP, AG-AB and Z produced delayed monophasic aggregation and delayed and diminished 5HT release, whereas ZC produced immediate although monophasic aggregation but delayed and diminished 5HT release. This suggested that all three challenges were capable of producing ACP mediated platelet injury. PMID- 804514 TI - Reactions of murine myeloma cells with infectious mononucleosis sera. AB - Reactions of murine myeloma cells with infectious mononucleosis sera were studied by means of cytolysis in agarose gel. Of 75 sera tested, 30 lysed IgM myeloma cells, MOPC-104E. The antibodies responsible for the lysis of the myeloma cells were shown to be different from Paul-Bunnell antibodies and other antibodies found in infectious mononucleosis sera. Three types of antibodies acting upon the myeloma cells were identified serologically on the basis of absorption experiments with bovine erythrocytes, theta-positive murine lymphoma cells and guinea pig kidney cells. Antibodies of the first group could be absorbed with none of these antigens, antibodies of the second group could be absorbed only with lymphoma cells, and antibodies of the third group could be absorbed with any of these three antigens. Evidence was presented that the antibodies under study combine with antigenic cell membrane components of a subpopulation of IgM producing murine B cells. PMID- 804515 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation by measles virus. AB - The effect of measles virus on phytohemagglutinin-(PHA) induced stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated to delineate possible mechanisms for viral suppression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). it was noted that medium which had several days contact with uninfected monolayers as well as unpurified measles virus preparations produced significant inhibition of 3H thymidine incorporation by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. When partially purified measles virus preparations were used, however, marked inhibition was observed and the inhibitory effect of cell-derived factors could be separated easily from the virus-induced inhibition. Experiments to determine the mechanisms of this virus induced inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation showed the following: 1) live measles virus and not UV-irradiated or heat-inactivated virus produced inhibition; 2) the inhibitory effect observed was not the result of a viral induced inhibitor being released from measles-infected lymphocytes; and 3) monocyte depletion had no effect on the ability of measles virus to inhibit 3H thymide incorporation by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Since it was found that measles virus-infected lymphocytes display an impaired response to in vitro PHA stimulation, perhaps this dysfunction may be extended to mediator release and other functions associated with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) in vivo. PMID- 804516 TI - Fractionation and characterization of surface antigens from group A Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Group A meningococcal surface components were first subjected to fractionation with a mixture of chloroform-methanol. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the aqueous phase containing 30 to 40% of the original material revealed only two polypeptide components and a slowly migrating carbohydrate component. The soluble fraction of the interphase was found to contain most of the bacterial surface proteins and the chloroform-methanol phase essentially all of the lipid components. The components of the aqueous phase were further fractionated by use of the hydrophobic affinity column, 4 phenylbutylamino-Sepharose and gradient elution with NaCl to yield fractions I and II. Fraction II was further separated into a minor and a major component (IIb) with Sepharose G-200. Fraction I contained the group A polysaccharide in ionic linkages with a minor polypeptide component (6%). It elicited bactericidal antibodies in rabbits and protected mice against homologous challenge, whereas the polysaccharide alone was non-immunogenic in these animals. Fraction IIb was a polysaccharide-polypeptide complex with unknown linkages; it induced a low concentration of rabbit antibodies that were bactericidal to group A and C meningococci. Mice vaccinated with fraction IIb were most resistant to homologous challenge and the resistance was also extended to challenges with group B and C cells. Fractions I and IIb appeared to be useful alternatives to the currently employed group-specific polysaccharide vaccines for the protection against drug resistant meningococci. A simplified procedure for the preparation of group specific polysaccharide was presented. PMID- 804517 TI - The induction of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs to poly U and poly A:U. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized to poly U and poly A:U so that subsequent stimulation of spleen cells from these immunized animals with poly U and poly A:U resulted in the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF was also produced when spleen cells from animals immunized with poly A:U were cultured in the presence of mycobacterial RNA or whole viable H37 Ra cells. Negative dermal reactions were observed when guinea pigs immunized with poly A, poly A:U were skin tested wtih these same synthetic nucleotides. PMID- 804518 TI - Ehancement and hyperacute rejection of skin grafts in the mousefailure to separate cytotoxic and enhancing antibodies from alloantiserum with physicochemical methods. AB - B6AF1 anti-B10.D2 ascites fluid was fractionated by molecular sieving and cation exchange chromatography in an attempt to separate cytoxic and enhancing antibodies. Five fractions were obtained which showed no overlap on analysis with isoelectric focusing. Despite this complete physicochemial separation all fractions contained detectable amounts of 7S IgG1 and 7S IgG2. Furthermore, exhancement of B10.D2 skin grafts in B6AF1 recipients could be induced with all the fractions. Cytotoxic activity was also present in the fractions. This was not only shown in vitro by the cytolysis of B10.02 lymphoid cells in the presence of rabbit complement, but also by the ability of the different fractions to induce hyperacute destruction of B10.02 skin grafted onto B6AF1 mice after i.v. injection together with rabbit complement. Thus, we were unable to separate the alloantiserum in cytotoxic and enhancing fractions by physicochemical means. PMID- 804519 TI - Stimulator T cells: involvement in the induction of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Spleen cells of mice primed by injection of normal or formaldehyde-treated allogeneic or xenogeneic tumor cells show a dramatically enhanced capacity to generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. This effect appears to be due to priming of a relatively anti-Thy-1 resistant T cell, which does not display immunologic specificity. PMID- 804520 TI - Preparation and characterization of rabbit IgG fractions. AB - Rabbit IgG has been purified and further fractionated by deae-cellulose column chromatography to yield three fractions, Fr-I,-II and -III-1 that span a broad range in the heterogeneous molecular population of IgG. Immunodiffusion established that these fractions are free from contamination by IgA, IgM, transferrin, and hemopexin. The three fractions were assayed for neutral hexose and sialic acid; Fr-III-1 and Fr-I yielded the highest and lowest values for these components, resepctively. The order of elution from DEAE-cellulose and the electrophoretic mobilities of the fractions correlate with their content of sialic acid. Digestion of Fr-I with papain is much more rapid and complete than that of Fr-III-1. Treatment with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid from each fraction does not affect the comparative susceptibility to digestion by papain. The fractions can also be distinguished by the relative amounts of H-L half molecules and H chains formed under identical conditions of reduction with cysteine and by differences in their ability to bind with IgG receptors on the fetal rabbit yolk sac membrane. The results are discussed in the context of the structures of IgG in the heterogeneous population of molecules and the possible relation to the oligosaccharide moieties of the IgG molecules in that population. PMID- 804521 TI - IgG diphtheria antitoxin responses from human tonsil lymphocytes induced by anti gamma-chain antibodies. AB - Human tonsil lymphocytes were cultured for 24 hr with purified antibodies specific for human IgG heavy chain determinants (anti-gamma-chain) and then cultured for 6 1/2 days in Marbrook tubes. IgG diphtheria antitoxin was measured in the culture supernatants by antigen-binding radioimmunoassay. In cultures from eight tonsils, anti-gamma-chain stimulated significant IgG antitoxin formation; in each case parallel cultures stimulated with toxoid gave good responses. The specificity of the antibody produced was established by showing that supernatants from cultures stimulated with anti-gamma-chain will neutralize toxin. Total IgG in culture supernatants was measured by supernatants radioimmunoassay and it was found that cultures stimulated anti-gamma-chain generally produced less total IgG than unstimulated cultures. In time course experiments IgG antitoxin formation increased rapidly after the 3rd day whereas over 50% of the total IgG was produced in the first 3 days. Evidence is presented which suggests that anti gamma-chain acts differently on different groups of B cells. PMID- 804522 TI - Cell surface immunoglobulin. XIII. Distribution of IgM and IgD-like molecules on small and large cells of mouse spleen. AB - The distribution among murine spleen cells of a newly described class of surface immunoglobulin (Ig) with properties similar to human IgD was studied. Splenocytes were separated on the basis of size and the surface Ig on large cells (sedimenting faster than 6 mm/hr in a 1 times G velocity gradient) and small cells (sedimenting between 2.5 and 3.0 mm/hr) was analyzed. Spleen cells from young animals had virtually only IgM on the large cells but had substantial amounts of IgM and the IgD-like molecule (IgD) on small cells. Spleen cells from older animals, which have larger amounts of IgD, had IgM and IgD on both cell types; however, the amount of IgD relative to IgM on the large cells was always substantially less than that on the small ones. These observations taken together with those of other investigators support the hypothesis that a large lymphocyte with surface IgM is the precursor of a small lymphocyte with both surface IgM and IgD. PMID- 804523 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin analysis by diffusion patterns of inhibition and facilitation of complementary lysis in agar. I. Diffusion-lysis patterns of heterologous guinea pig anti-immunoglobulins. AB - Anti-rabbit immunoglobulin-containing sera were produced by immunizing guinea pigs with guinea pig red cells sensitized with rabbit-produced haemolysin against them. Such sera, and their 7S and 19S fractions, were radially diffused in agar containing sheep red cells sensitized with rabbit haemolysin and fractions thereof. After diffusion, the preparations were treated with guinea pig complement, which produced partial lysis in the background and a series of alternating rings of more and less lysis than that in the background. These were interpreted as a due to the presence of at least four anti-immunoglobulins (anti Ig's) as follows: a 19S anti-Ig which inhibited lysis by 7S and 19S haemolysin; a 7S anti-Ig which facilitated lysis by 7S and 19S heamolysin; a 7S anti-Ig which inhibited lysis by 7S and 19S haemolysin; a 7S anti-Ig which facilitated lysis by 19S haemolysin. Similar patterns were obtained using correspondingly produced sera against mouse immunoglobulin, and sensitizing the sheep cells in the agar with mouse-produced haemolysin. PMID- 804524 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin analysis by diffusion patterns of inhibition and facilitation of complementary lysis in agar. II. Diffusion-lysis as a method for recognizing in vivo immunosuppressive activity of anti-immunoglobulins. AB - This paper provides evidence that it is possible to prepare facilitating anti mouse immunoglobulin (that is, anti-mouse immunoglobulin which facilitates complementary lysis of red cells sensitized with mouse-produced haemolysin) which, when injected into mice 24 hours before an injection of sheep red cells, very markedly reduced the number of haemolysin-producing cells detectable in spleen four days later. The diffusion-lysis method was used to recognize this and other anti-Ig's in heterologous antiserum and fractions thereof. The effective antibody was in the gamma2 fraction of antiserum produced in guinea pigs by injecting them with guinea pig red cells sensitized with mouse-produced haemolysin. This method of immunizing was used in order to stimulate the production of antibody against immunoglobulin which had undergone the configurational change characteristically occurring when antibody unites with antigen. The 19S fraction of the antiserum contained inhibiting anti-mouse immunoglobulin (anti-mouse immunoglobulin which inhibits complementary lysis of red cells sensitized with mouse-produced haemolysin) and interfered with immune depression by the gamma2 fraction. It is postulated that the gamma2 fraction induces complementary lysis only of lymphocytes whose surface immunoglobulin receptors have bound antigen and undergone configurational change. It is suggested that facilitating anti-immunoglobulin of the type described is responsible for immune suppression by anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS). Facilitating anti-mouse immunoglobulin was demonstrated in two samples of ALS (anti-mouse) which were active in suppressing graft rejection, but inhibiting anti-mouse immunoglobulin only was found in a sample which was ineffective in suppressing graft rejection. PMID- 804525 TI - Quantitation of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies by reversed rocket immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A reversed rocket immunoelectrophoresis technique, applying serum samples to antigen-containing gel, is described for quantitation of human antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus. Lowering of the pH of the buffer from 8.6 to 5.2 increased the height of the rockets, but also resulted in more non-specific precipitation. This smudging could be removed by dextran sulphate precipitation of the sera, a necessity when quantitating sera with small concentrations of anti bodies. The merits of this method are discussed in relation to other in vitro as well as in vivo methods. The method was found to be reproducible, rapid, cheap and sensitive, and to require small samples of serum. PMID- 804526 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin analysis by diffusion patterns of inhibition and facilitation of complementary lysis in agar. III. Anti-immunoglobulin diffusion-lysis patterns of normal human and rheumatoid sera. PMID- 804527 TI - Nomogram for determinig or controlling the sedimentation constant of the major IgM component in human serum. PMID- 804528 TI - Thermal activation and inactivation of melanin formation in vertebrate skins and melanomas. AB - The melanogenic activity of tyrosinase as a function of temperature was studied in 9 different skin and melanoma tissues of vertebrates. The 600 times g supernatant fraction of tissue homogenates was incubated with 14C-L-tyrosine at 0 degrees to 60 degrees C for 16 hr and the 14C-melanin product was determined. The range of optimal temperature occurred at 35 degrees to 45 degrees C. The maximal activity and thermostability depended on the source of the enzyme preparation utilized. Thermal activation and species differences in the optimal temperature for maximal activity are complicated processes which depend upon many factors. At cold conditions, a higher percentage of maximal activity was achieved with enzyme from cold-blooded species than with enzyme from warm-blooded species. PMID- 804529 TI - Involvement of tyrosinase in melanin formation in murine melanoma. AB - The possibility that peroxidase is functional in melanogenesis in the murine S-91 melanoma has been investigated. It was found that, as in the normal mouse, tyrosinase is the enzyme responsible for the bulk of melanin formation in the malignant melanocyte. Tyrosinase was capable of utilizing tyrosine as a substrate, as well as dopa, although the Vmax with dopa was much higher than with tyrosine. Conversely, the affinity of the enzyme for tyrosine is higher than for dopa, and this relationship may in part be responsible for the occasional misinterpretation of the functional capability of this enzyme. PMID- 804530 TI - The melanocytotoxic action of 4-hydroxyanisole. AB - Cultured normal mammalian melanocytes exposed to a variety of antioxidants in the presence of millimolar concentrations of 4-hydroxyanisole exhibit dose-dependent modifications of cytotoxicity. While some antioxidants reduced the extent of damage produced by 4-hydroxyanisole, others appeared to increase it. Similar effects were found in a model system using lysis of human erythrocytes as an index of cell damage. Estimations on rat liver microsomes in the presence of tyrosinase and 4-hydroxyanisole showed increased peroxidation only at low substrate concentrations. PMID- 804531 TI - Healthy blood donors with selective absence of immunoglobulin A: prevention of anaphylactic transfusion reactions caused by antibodies to IgA. AB - Gel diffusion analysis of sera from 73,569 healthy volunteer blood donors revealed apparent lack of IgA in 113 (1:650) samples, all with normal levels of IgG and IgM. Of these, 30 sera had low levels of IgA, while the remaining 83 had no IgA detectable by a more sensitive hemagglutination inhibition assay. The frequency of absent IgA (algA) was 1:886. High-titer anti-IgA was detected in the sera of 13 algA donors; only two had any known history of parenteral injection of IgA. Passive transfusion of high-titer anti-IgA in the units of blood elicited no clinical reaction in the recipients. Precipitating antibodies to ruminant IgM were present in 14 of the 83 donors. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB-sAg), anti-HB-sAG, and antinuclear antibodies was the same in IgA-deficient and control sera. The algA donors form a unique resource for blood components for the clinical management of patients with anapylactic reactions caused by anti IgA. PMID- 804532 TI - Auditory sensitivity and equal loudness in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - The effects of the type of reinforcer on auditory sensitivity and equal-loudness data were determined in the squirrel monkey. The monkeys, restrained and provided with earphones, were conditioned to depress and hold a bar down in the presence of a stimulus light and then to terminate the holding response after onset of a tone. In Experiment 1, the specified behavior sequence postponed electric shock; in Experiment 2, a food reinforcer was dependent on bar release during the tone. The shape of the auditory sensitivity function and the acuity level at each frequency were the same for the two procedures. The audible frequency range extended from below 0.125 kHz (lowest frequency used) to 46 kHz. Sensitivity was maximum at 8 kHz. Latency of bar release following tone onset served as the basic data for constructing a family of equal-loudness contours. The type of reinforcer appeared not to be a determinant of either the shape of individual loudness contours or the pattern of family of equal-loudness functions. At the lower sound pressure levels, the equal-loudness contours closely paralleled the threshold curves. At more-intense levels, the contours tended to flatten and depend less on frequency. PMID- 804534 TI - Analysis of explosives and explosive residues. Part 2: Thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 804533 TI - Control of responding by sound location in monkeys: rapid acquisition in darkness. AB - Rapid control of responding by sound location is obtained in squirrel monkeys when sound stimuli are presented from one of two loudspeakers, each one adjacent to a response key. With this arrangement of loudspeakers and response keys, squirrel monkeys quickly learn to respond on the key near the source of the sound stimulus, and this pattern is the same whether or not responses near the sound source are differentially reinforcedmthis result may depend on a pre-experimental tendency in squirrel monkeys to orient head and eyes toward a sound, which would lead the animal to look at the response key in front of the loudspeaker producing the sound. The present experiment sought to determine whether visual stimuli are necessary for rapid control of responding by sound location. Two monkeys were trained in darkness in a sound-localization task similar to that described above. Results were similar to those obtained from animals trained in light, indicating that visual stimuli are not required for rapid acquisition of sound-localization behavior in monkeys. PMID- 804536 TI - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV):strain differentiation and specification of virulence markers. AB - Fourteen strains of VEEV of diverse origin and antigenicity were classified into five virulence categories according to their efficiency of infection and nature of response in mice. Mice of ages up to 30 days represented distinct levels of responsiveness and were suitable for the differentiation of VEEV strains of highest to lowest virulence. Stepwise changes with age of the susceptibility or responsiveness of mice appeared to determined the type of response as predominantly lethal (D), dual or intermediate (DP) or protective (P). PMID- 804535 TI - Characteristics of a Bacillus megaterium bacteriophage. AB - A bacteriophage which infects and lyses Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 was isolated from the soil. The phage produces lysis on nine strains of B, megaterium tested but did not lyse a Bacillus cereus or Bacillus licheniformis strain, nor any of eight Bacillus subtilis strains tested. Physical characteristics of the phage including morphology, size, thermal and pH stability, and buoyant density were examined. The nucleic acid is double-stranded DNA of mol. wt. 41.7 times 10 and 36 to 38.5 mol percent guanine plus cytosine (G+C). PMID- 804538 TI - Ultrastructure of a "pineocytoma". AB - The commonest pineal gland tumor, the germinoma, is more apparently related to germ cells than to pineal cells. Although ultrastructural studies of this tumor have confirmed this similarity, comparable characterization of a pineocytoma has not been reported, due to its rarity. Here we define the electron microscopic features of a rapidly growing human pineocytoma and compare the tumor cells in the present study with normal mammalian pinealocytes, as well as with cells described in the literature of pineal body pathology. Two cell types populate the tumor: one resembles the neuron, while the second, less frequently encountered, is often indistinguishable from the fibrous astrocyte. Synaptic complexes and dense-cored vesicles were not conspicuous fine-structural elements. Whereas emphatic morphological differences exist between the germinoma and pineocytoma, the similarities in ultrastructure between the pineocytoma cells and adult mammalian pinealocytes are even more striking. PMID- 804537 TI - Binding of concanavalin A to the brain-specific proteins obtained from human white matter by affinity chromatography. PMID- 804539 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of organotypic rat cerebellum cultures. AB - Glutaraldehyde fixation followed by critical point drying permitted preservation of critical surface detail of organotypic cerebellum cultures. Identifiable surface features included a nearly ubiquitous superficial membranous coating elaborated by cells. Neurite outgrowth, ependyma, choroid plexus and areas of degeneration (central necrosis) were visualized. Macrophages, blood vessels with associated cells, and a variety of neural cells were frequently visible. Occasional discontinuities in the surface covering permitted visualization of myelinated axons, other cell processes, and synapses. The accessibility of many structures to the scanning beam indicate that cultures will provide a useful method for delineating surface structure and relationships in otherwise undisturbed nervous system tissue. PMID- 804540 TI - How does nursing home administration differ from hospital administration? PMID- 804541 TI - Blood lead - an inadequate measure of occupational exposure. PMID- 804542 TI - Erythrocytic aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity as a biologic parameter for determining exposures to lead. AB - The results of this work demonstrate that a significant exposure to one of several lead compounds can be detected by the ALAD test without a concomitant rapid increase in blood lead concentration. Use of the ALAD test may effectively demonstrate the occurrence of excessive exposure at an earlier time than possible by the accepted blood or urine lead concentration measures. By comparing "early" and "steady state" values of PbB and ALAD, it was possible to derive an equation which can be used to determine an ultimate (steady state) value of PbB from an early (short-term) ALAD measurement. Re-examination of workplace atmospheres would be indicated by findings of depressed ALAD activity in the absence of elevated blood lead values. This could occur when sporadic lead exposures are occurring or upon initiation of a period of continuing elevated exposures. Thus, corrective action can be requested and taken prior to the point at which an excessive blood lead value would be found. Further studies of industrial groups are indicated to confirm the usefulness of the test for the purposes suggested. PMID- 804543 TI - The effect of fat emulsion on essential fatty acid deficiency during intravenous hyperalimentation in pediatric patients. AB - A series of experiments on puppies and two newborn infants indicates that Intralipid which covered only 4% of the total caloreis, prevented or improved essential fatty acid deficiency in puppies and infants on hyperalimentation. This means that the intravenous fat emulsion, which covers about 2% of the total caloric intake with linoleic acid, still satisfies the essential fatty acid requirement, since half of the fatty acid composition of Intralipid is linoleate. PMID- 804544 TI - Behavioural and autonomic induction of prostaglandin E-1 fever in squirrel monkeys. AB - 1. Prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) was injected into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area of the squirrel monkey. 2. Increases in rectal temperature (Tre) produced by PGE1 injections of 20 ng to 500 ng were dose-dependent. 3. When ambient temperature (Ta) was below the thermoneutral zone, increases in Tre were produced entirely by increases in metabolic rate. With Ta at the upper end of the thermoneutral zone, increases in Tre were produced by vasoconstriction in addition to lesser increases in metabolic rate. 4. During sessions of behavioural temperature regulation, PGE1 injections were followed by the selection of a higher Ta, increased skin temperature and subsequent increases in Tre. 5. PGE1 injections produce dose-dependent increases in Tre which are similar regardless of ambient temperature or whether behavioural or autonomic means are utilized to raise the heat content of the body. PMID- 804545 TI - The effect of ouabain on 22-Na influx and 42-K efflux in amphibian oocytes. PMID- 804546 TI - Input characteristics and rostral projection of dorsal horn neurones in the monkey. PMID- 804547 TI - Malabsorption following gastroenterostomy and duodenal diverticula. PMID- 804548 TI - Cytokinetics and fate of sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 804549 TI - The destruction of tumor cells by alloimmune peritoneal cells: mechanism of action of activated macrophages in vitro. PMID- 804550 TI - Further studies on the metabolism of carbidopa, (minus)-L-alpha-hydrazino-3,4 dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid monohydrate, in the human, Rhesus monkey, dog, and rat. AB - Major urinary metabolites of carbidopa have been identified. Estimates were made based on the recovery or radio activity or by glc analysis of pooled urine of the amounts of the urinary metabolites II (2-methyl-3'-methoxy-4' hydroxyphenylpropionic acid), III (2-methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid), IV (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone), V [2-methyl-3-(3'-methoxy-4' hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid], VI [2-methyl-3-(3',4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid], and VII (3-hydroxy-alpha-methylphenylpropionic acid). Metabolite II represented similar to 10% of the urinary radioactivity in both man and monkey and 16% in the dog. Metabolite III represented 10, 17, and 19% of the urinary radioactivity in man, monkey, and dog. Metabolite IV represented smaller than 5% of the urinary radioactivity in human and dog. Metabolite VII represented similar to 10% of the urinary radioactivity in man and monkey. The corresponding figure for the rat was similar to 20%. In the dog, compounds V and VI represented smaller than 5% of the urinary radioactivity. It was concluded that the loss of the hydrazine functional group(probably as molecular nitrogen) represents the major metabolic pathway for carbidopa. PMID- 804551 TI - Antiparasitic nitroimidazoles. 8. Derivatives of 2-(4-formylstyryl)-5-nitro-1 vinylimidazole. AB - A series of 33 thioacetals and hydrazones of 2-(4-formylstyryl)-5-nitro-1 vinylimidazole was prepared and examined for antitrypanosomal properties. The thioacetals were inactive as antitrypanosomal agents but three hydrazones derived from N-aminoguanidine, pyridylacethohydrazide chloride (Girard reagent P), and dimethylaminoacetohydrazide (Girard reagent D) displayed good activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense. PMID- 804552 TI - Preparation, hydrolysis, and oral absorption of alpha-carboxy esters of carbenicillin. AB - Twelve alpha-carboxy esters of carbenicillin, a parenteral broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin, were synthesized and examined as potential oral carbenicillin derivatives. The rates at which the esters were hydrolyzed in vitro to carbenicillin by animal and human tissues were compared and the carbenicillin serum levels arising after oral administration of the esters were measured in squirrel monkeys and human volunteer subjects. The alpha-carboxyphenyl ester of carbenicillin [carfecillin (British Pharmacopoeia approved name), BRL 3475] WAS SELECTED FOR FURTHER STUDY AND IS PRESENTLY UNDERGOING CLInical trial. PMID- 804554 TI - Hydroaromatic analogs of 2-nitro-1,3-indandiones. PMID- 804553 TI - 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ols. A novel class of anorectic agents. AB - A series of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ols (IV), prepared by the LiA1H4 reduction of the corresponding 9b-aryl-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5H imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones (II), was evaluated for suppression of food consumption in rats. One member of this series, 5-p-chlorophenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol (6, mazindol), was evaluated in squirrel and capuchin monkeys and found to have anorexic activity approximately equal to d-amphetamine. PMID- 804555 TI - Structure-activity correlations among rifamycin B amides and hydrazides. AB - Structure-antibacterial activity correlation equations have been developed for aseries of 44 amides and 25 hydrazides of rifamycin B in five bacterial systems. The best amide equations show that activity is a parabolic function of log P. A wide variation in log Po was found for the various bacterial systems. The most important correlation parameter in the hydrazide equations is omicron*. The significance of this finding is somewhat obscured by the high degree of collinearity among the parameters evaluated (omicron*, E-s, log P). Two rifamycin B amides were prepared and evaluated as a result of this study. The correlation equations quantitatively predicted their activity in five of six tests. PMID- 804556 TI - Antiparasitic nitroimidazoles. 9. Synthesis of some 2-(4 dialkylaminomethylstyryl)-and 2-(4-amidinostyryl)5-nitro-1-vinylimidazoles. AB - A series of 2-styryl-5-nitro-1-vinylimidazoles carrying alkylaminomethyl or amidino functions in the 4 position of the styryl ring was prepared and evaluated for antitrypanosomal activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The alkylaminomethyl compounds were found inactive against Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice. One compound, 2-(4-methylamidinostyryl)-5-nitro-1 vinylimidazole hydrochloride, showed antitrypanosomal activity comparable to the standard drugs suramin, pentamidine, diminazene, and melarsoprol when tested ip against T. rhodesiense infected mice and also showed some activity when tested ip against T. cruzi infected mice. PMID- 804557 TI - Entopolypoides macaci Mayer, 1934 in the African baboon (Papio cynocephalus L. 1766). AB - Entopolypoides maaci occurs in different populations of Papio cynocephalus in Kenya, but not in the same host with Hepatocystis kochi. Parasitemia may be greatly enhanced by splenectomy, but there is little effect on the host in spite of substantial alteration in hemoglobin and RBC counts, and transferability to other primates is erratic. Descriptions are presented for differentiation of E. macaci from H. kochi. PMID- 804558 TI - Ovulation induction during the anovulatory season in Saimiri sciureus. AB - Captive squirrel monkeys show a seasonal response to a subtle ovulation induction regime of the five days of progesterone, four days FSH (1 mg/day) and a dose of HCG (500 IU), with the minimal response occurring from July to September. A 3 times 3 factorial design with 18 adult female monkeys was used to determine the effects of increasing doses of HCG (500, 1,000, OR 1,500 IU) and increasing dose of duration of FSH (1 mg for four days, 2 mg for four days, or 1 mg for five days) on ovulation between early July and mid-October. An increase in either dose or duration of FSH increased ovulation while increasing HCG was ineffective. PMID- 804559 TI - Banding patterns of the chromosomes of Ateles geoffroyi with description of two cases of pericentric inversion. AB - Quinacrine and Giemsa banding studies of the chromosomes of Ateles geoffroyi permitted to establish a pattern for the species and revealed the presence of a pericentric inversion in two of the animals studied. PMID- 804560 TI - Polymorphism of the CA-I locus of carbonic anhydrase in baboon. AB - Polymorphism of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase was studied by means of the usual technique of starch gel electrophoresis in Papio papio, Papio hamadryas, Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis. In a sample containing both Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis, examples of the homozygote CA-Ib/CA-Ib were found. A study of parental transmission established the CA-Ib allelic form. PMID- 804562 TI - Taxonomic notes on the pelage of Ateles paniscus paniscus, A. p. chamek (sensu Kellogg and Goldman, 1944) and A. fusciceps rufiventris (equals A. f. robustus, Kellogg and Goldman, 1944). AB - Observations on specimens of Ateles paniscus paniscus, A. p. chamek and Ateles fusciceps rufiventris (equals A. f. robustus) reveal unreported variations in coat color and lead to expansions of the current taxonomic descriptions of these subspecies. These variants are significant for the correct identification of spider monkeys used in biomedical research and in terms of distribution and speciation within the genus Ateles. PMID- 804561 TI - Uniocular vascular occlusion in a paraplegic hybrid monkey. A clinicopathologic study. AB - One eye of a hybrid monkey showed ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic, and electroretinographic evidence of ophthalmic artery occlusive disease. Histopathologic examination of that eye revealed widespread atrophy of the choroid, retina and optic nerve. An associated paraplegia was presumed to be the result of vascular occlusive disease as well. PMID- 804563 TI - Effects of changes in the composition of the mucosal solution on the electrical properties of the toad urinary bladder epithelium. AB - By the use of microelectrode techniques, the potential profile and the electrical resistances of the cellular and shunt pathways across the toad urinary bladder epithelium were measured under control conditions and after exposing the mucosal side to solutions of low and high NaCl concentrations and osmolalities. The resistance of the shunt pathway increases at low NaCl concentration (even if the osmolality is kept constant), and decreases at high NaCl concentration (by a nonspecific osmotic mechanism). The inverse relationship between mucosal NaCl concentration and shunt resistance suggests a regulatory mechanism of net sodium transport by reduction of the passive blood-to-urine sodium flux at low urinary sodium concentrations. In addition, the transepithelial potential and the potentials at both cell borders fall in both low and high mucosal NaCl, and the magnitude of these changes is such that they cannot be explained by changes in the shunt pathway alone. PMID- 804564 TI - Effects of two bisdioxopiperazines on mouse B-and T-cell function. AB - The immunosuppresive effects of the bisdioxopiperazines ICRF 154 and ICRF 159 on the function of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) and thymusderived lymphocytes (T cells) were assessed and compared with those of cyclophosphamide (CPA). Mice given foreign erythrocytes with any of these drugs for 3 or 5 days showed suppressed antibody responses due to the inhibition of thymus-derived cooperating lymphocyte (T-helper cell) priming and inactivation of B cells in the spleen. In contrast, 3 days of drug treatment after the injection of allogeneic tumor cells only partially inhibited T cell-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, when irradiated tumor cells were given for 3 days with CPA or ICRF 154, enhancement rather than inhibition of cytotoxicity was the usual response. However, with both types of immunization, no thymus-derived cytotoxic lymphocytes (T killer cells) could be generated after prolonged treatment (6 daily injections) with any of the 3 drugs. Administration of drugs before antigen also resulted in selective drug action, i.e., a relative increase in the proportion of thy-1-positive cells in the spleen. After challenge in vivo or in vitro with erythrocyte antigens, the plaque-forming cell responses of these spleens were raised up to twofold, probably because they had higher T-helper cell activity than untreated controls. Similar pretreatment before immunization with allogeneic tumor cells also led to enhanced T-killer cell activity, but only in ICRF 154- and CPA-treated mice. These observations suggest that under certain conditions, the bisdioxopiperazines and CPA have selective effects on B-cell rather than T cell function. PMID- 804565 TI - Responses of infant rhesus monkeys to inoculation with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus materials. AB - Rhesus monkeys neonatally inoculated with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) and virus-infected cells frequently developed viral and/or bacterial pneumonia and enteritis. Three characteristic hematologic patterns occurred among the inoculated animals and correlated well with the probability of survival. Postmortem examination of the animals revealed lymphadenopathy and thymic atrophy. M-PMV was present in lymph nodes, blood, brain, spleen, thymus, kidneys, and bone marrow. The disease induced in some animals had characteristics suggestive of a slow-virus-induced autoimmune response. PMID- 804566 TI - Antitumor activity of bacterial infection. I. Effect of Listeria monocytogenes on growth of a murine fibrosarcoma. AB - Growth of a murine fibrosarcoma was suppressed when tumor cells were mixed with viable Listeria monocytogenes (LM) before intradermal injection into nonimmune syngeneic recepients. Immunization of recipients, by intravenous injection of LM 11 days before transplantation of LM-tumor cell mixtures, eliminated the mortality associated with large doses of LM but did not alter the antitumor activity of the microorganisms. Simultaneous injection of LM and tumor cells at separate sites failed to affect tumor growth, which suggested that contact between LM and tumor cells was required for tumor suppression. Tumor-specific immunity was not observed; mice surviving injection of LM and tumor cells did not resist a second tumor-cell challenge. At least 100 times more heat-killed LM was required to produce the antitumor effect of viable organisms. The ability of heat killed LM to suppress tumor growth was abolished by treatment of recipients with rabbit antiserum to mouse thymocytes, which was consistent with a requirement for a host response to the LM. Regression of established fibrosarcoma transplants was produced by the intratumor injection of viable LM 5 days after injection of tumor cells. Intratumor injection of BCG at this interval was not effective. The incidence of tumor regression was not increased by multiple intratumor injections of LM, by intratumor injection of a combination of LM and BCG, or by preimmunization with LM prior to the intratumor injection of the same organism. PMID- 804567 TI - In vivo cortisone sensitivity of nonspecific antitumor activity of Corynebacterium parvum-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The nonspecific antitumor activity of Corynebacterium parvum-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was inhibited by their prior treatment with cortisone acetate in vivo. Inhibition was marked (60 percent) 24 hours after cortisone injection and was still significant at 7 days, but antitumor activity was completely recovered by 9 days. This transient inhibition was sufficient to abolish the non-specific protection afforded by C. parvum in an in vivo pretreatment model. PMID- 804568 TI - Irradiation of the primary lesion of the rectum and rectosigmoid. PMID- 804569 TI - Irradiation in inoperable cancer. PMID- 804570 TI - Myocardial infarction without atherosclerosis. AB - By far the most frequent pathologic condition preceding myocardial infarction is coronary atherosclerosis. Because the great majority of patients who are first seen with acute myocardial infarction have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, there is usually little thought given to other causes, except in children where congenital coronary anomalies are considered. However, there are multiple other conditions, albeit far rarer than atherosclerosis, that can result in clinical acute myocardial infarction, and a classification of these other conditions, an anatomic-pathophysiologic one, was developed from illustrative material from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. This classification is an inclusive listing of all conditions, however unusual, that can result in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 804571 TI - Measles pneumonia. Bacterial suprainfection as a complicating factor. AB - During a 3 1/2-month period, 32 previously healthy young men were first seen typical prodromal symptoms and signs of measles. On admission or within 48 hours of admission, 16 patients (50%) manifested physical signs and roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia. Of these 16 patients, ten (63%) were found to have bacterial suprainfection or colonization confirmed by culture of transtracheal aspirates. From six of these ten patients, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y was isolated as the sole organism responsible for suprainfection. In the other patients, Haemophilus species, Neisseria species (not N gonorrheae or N meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (not group A or D were isolated alone or in combination. The data suggest that bacterial supra-infection associated with measles pneumonia is not unusual in adults and N meningitidis serogroup Y is a potential pathogen of the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 804572 TI - Use and abuse of intravenous solutions. AB - Recent microbial infusion disasters underline the fact that infusions carry a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality. Those who make a habit of setting up an intravenous infusion as a convenient route for the administration of drugs, or just in case it may be needed later, would do well to review their methodsmthe increased probability of contamination and subsequent patient infection by the practice of adding drugs to intravenous fluids is not generally recognized. To reduce the possibility of microbial contamination, the open system with tube containers should be opened only in an aseptic environment, eg, a laminar flow hood, to allow the vacuum to be replace by aseptic air; the open-system containers should be opened only in an aseptic environment, and a bacterial filter should be inserted in the air entry port of the closure. Routine monitoring of intravenous solutions for microbial contamination should be standard procedure for any institution providing intravenous fluid therapy to patientsmthe following recommendations are suggested for consideration by hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees: 1, The addition of drugs to intravenous fluids should be discouraged except in recognized cases of emergency. 2 when the addition of drugs to intravenous fluids is indicated, only one drug should be added to an intravenous fluid, and the only intravenous fluids used for this purpose should be isotonic saline or 5% dextrose solution in water. More complicated electrolyte solutions and protein hydrolysate solutions should never be used for additive purposes. Guidelines should be established in hospitals for the addition of drugs to intravenous fluids. These guidelines should be followed by trained personnel who have access to all available compatibility data. Additions should be made under aseptic conditions by trained personnel, preferably in the hospital pharmacy. 4. All additions of drugs should be included in the patient's permanent drug file, and the intravenous container should be clearly labeled before administration. 5. Critical attention should be directed to the administration equipment used for intravenous solutions, particularly volume control sets. Consideration should be given to the routine use of terminal in-line millipore filters to prevent the infusion of particulate matter and to minimize microbial contamination. In emergency situations when it is necessary to add drugs to an intravenous fluid by the bedside, the addition should be made in accordance with established hospital procedure and should be subject to periodic monitoring. Each hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committee should give serious consideration to the establishment of a continuous admixture monitoring system and quality control program. Such a program will provide valuable information regarding sources of contamination rates and will provide invaluable information in planning in-service education and training programs pertaining to intravenous therapy preparation and administration. PMID- 804573 TI - [Iris changes in Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 804574 TI - [Is there a syndrome of Ullrich and Feichtiger?(Author's transl)]. AB - Report on two siblings having died during the first days of life who exhibited a syndrome of polydactyly, renal aplasia and inter-sexual genitalia, and in one child an additional cleft palate and coarctation of the aorta with VSD. It shares several features with the syndrome of Smith-Lemli and Opitz. The syndrome of Ullrich and Feichtiger which had been taken into consideration earlier sould be rejected as a clinical and etiological entity. PMID- 804575 TI - [Immunochemical studies on aldolase isoenzymes in human serum (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of human serum aldolase isoenzymes A, B and C activities was performed by means of a recently developed immunochemical assay. Isoenzyme patterns were established in 130 healthy subjects selected from a normal range research program. Total aldolase activity ranged from 0.8, 1.6, 2.5 U/L, Ald A from 0.6, 1.2, 1.9 U/L, Ald B 0.0, 0.2, 0.7 U/L, Ald C 0.0, 0.1, 0.4 U/L expressed as chi plus or minus 2 s range. Comparing the histograms of total aldolase activity in patients with acute hepatitis and normal controls, an almost identical frequency distribution in both groups was observed. However, histograms of aldolase isoenzyme B values of these groups were practically completely separated. Thus in contrast with total aldolase activity, the determination of aldolase isoenzyme B activity is a useful criterion in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis. PMID- 804577 TI - Gastrojejunocutaneous fistula and "elemental" alimentation. PMID- 804576 TI - [Haematological and immunological findings in bone marrow aplasia (author's transl)]. AB - The cellularity of the bone marrow, the number of blood cells and the immunoglobulins were investigated in 51 patients suffering from bone marrow aplasia. In this disease not only is a haematopoietic organ disturbed, but disorders of the lymphocyte and of the monocyte-systems can be detected too: the majority of patients show lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia. Immunologic reactions seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone marrow aplasia. The plasma cells of the bone marrow are elevated in nearly all of the patients, lymphocytes in every second case. One or several fractions of immunoglobulins are increased in about 50% and diminished in 25% of the patients. PMID- 804578 TI - Methods of restoring the voice after laryngectomy. AB - The normal course of speech acquisition after laryngectomy is described, with emphasis on the initial stage. Factors that favor or thwart the training process are discussed and particular methods applied when functional or organic impediments deviate or block the development of esophageal speech. A few remarks are added on the rehabilitation after extended forms of surgery and on the use of the artificial larynxes. PMID- 804579 TI - Synthesis and properties of phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl beta methylcholine. AB - rac-Phosphatidyl carnitine and rac-phosphatidyl beta-methylcholine were synthesized by direct condensation of phosphatidic acid and the appropriate alcohols in the presence of 2,4,6-triiso-propylbenzenesulphonylchloride and pyridine. Tetraphenylborates of the quarternary ammonium compounds beta methylcholine and carnitine benzyl ester were shown to be particularly convenient for synthesis in homogeneous phase. Physical and chemical properties of the two phosphoglycerolipids and some intermediates were described. Phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl beta-methylcholine were hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 (phosphatide acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4), pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3), and phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3). Neither hydrolysis nor transphosphatidylation of phosphatidyl carnitine and phosphatidyl beta methylcholine was achieved by phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4). The occurrence of phosphatidyl carnitine in embryonic chicken tissue was suggested by comparison with the synthesized compound. Phosphatidyl carnitine could not be detected in the tissue of rat embryos. PMID- 804582 TI - [Care of long term dialysis patient from the practitioner's viewpoint]. PMID- 804580 TI - Evaluation of chromic oxide, glycerol triether, and beta-sitosterol as fecal flow markers in two species of nonhuman primates. AB - Recovery of beta-sitosterol, glycerol triether (1-hexadecyl-2,3-didodecyl glycerol triether), and chromic oxide was studied in African green monkeys and stumptail macaques consuming diets containing 0.75 mg/Cal cholesterol and 38% of calories as safflower oil or butter. Following oral administration of these compounds, feces were collected daily for 9 days. For all animals, excretion of beta-sitosterol and glycerol triether paralleled one another almost exactly. Except for two animals, this was also true for chromic acid. Essentially 100% of the administered beta-sitosterol and 90-95% of the glycerol triether were recovered; excretion of these markers virtually was complete by day 3. Ninety-two percent of the beta-sitosterol was isolated in the nonsaponifiable lipid extract of the feces with less than 6% in the remaining aqueous phase. A maximum of 3.1% of the beta-sitosterol and 1.8% of the glycerol triether were found in the blood. For stumptail macaques, the major excretory form of beta-sitosterol was the 5 beta-derivative. African green monkeys were more variable; one animal excreted the bulk of the beta-sitosterol unchanged while others excreted greater than 80% as the ring-saturated 5 beta-derivative. Animals consuming the safflower oil containing diet consistently excreted a greater percentage of the beta-sitosterol unchanged, compared with those animals eating the butter containing diet. There was no evidence for steroid ring degradation in any of the animals used in this study. PMID- 804581 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 804583 TI - Acyl carrier protein from Euglena gracilis. PMID- 804584 TI - Immunology of prostaglandins. PMID- 804585 TI - Methods for analysis of enzyme synthesis and degradation in animal tissues. PMID- 804586 TI - Fractionation of chromatin. PMID- 804587 TI - [Multiple lipomatosis and Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of two separate observations of multiple lipomatosis on a 48 years old female patient and a neurofibromatosis on a 49 years old male patient, the differential diagnosis of these diseases was compiled with regard to the cutaneous and subcutaneous symptoms and to the relations to the nervous system and the inner organs. The differential diagnostical plan requires a series of clinical examinations for the clarification of these pathological conditions, which often comprise more than one disease or one syndrome. PMID- 804588 TI - [Pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of tetracycline compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 804589 TI - [Urethral diverticuli in the female]. PMID- 804590 TI - Morphine metabolism. III. Solubilization and separation of morphine and p nitrophenol uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferases. PMID- 804591 TI - Effects of group-selective reagents on rabbit muscle glycogen synthase. AB - A series of amino acid reagents was tested on the glucose-6-P dependent D, and independent I forms of glycogen synthase (UDPG: glycogen alpha-4 glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.I. II) from rabbit skeletal muscle, at two levels of purification. Whereas blocking of aliphatic hydroxyl groups did not result in any inhibition of the enzyme(s), blocking of aromatic hydroxyl groups resulted in a gradual and complete inhibition. Under the stated assay conditions both forms of the enzyme were similarly affected in terms of activity, but the tyrosines of the D form were found to react more readily chemically. Tyrosine appears to be "essential" for catalysis. No desensitization to the allosteric modulator glucose 6-P was detected. PMID- 804592 TI - [Paerteral nutrition in newborn infants (author' transl)]. AB - The nutrition of newborn infants by the intravenous route can be achieved without greater risks or difficulties and with good success. The intravenous feeding with glucose, electrolytes, amino acids and lipids in a suitable mixture is essential not only to maintain the caloric intake but to secure normal growth and development. In this way many children who require total or partial parenteral nutrition now a days have a good chance to survive. PMID- 804593 TI - [Allergic cutaneous vasculitis (purpura Schonlein-Henoch) (author's transl)]. AB - The concept of allergic cutaneous vasculitis of the dermatologists is presented from the point of view of its extensive coincidence with the clinical concept of Schonlein-Henoch's purpura with particular emphasis on clinical morphology, histology and the more recent immunofluorescent optical findings. PMID- 804594 TI - [Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions of the skin (author's transl)]. AB - Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions of the skin are certainly not very common, but, on the other hand, the complete list of medicinal substances which are accused of causing them is extremely extensive. For this reason, dispensing with many details, an attempt is made to present the basis of such reactions. After irradiation with longwave ultra-violet light, which alone would not have produced inflammation, a reaction occurred through the agency of many drugs which can proceed according to a toxic or allergic mechanism. PMID- 804595 TI - [Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes are nonspecific skin manifestations provoked by malignant tumors of internal organs, and which, as a first or early symptom, may suggest the presence of a malignant primary disease. It is necessary to differentiate between the rare, obligatory paraneoplastic dermatoses which are independent of age and almost always tumor specific and skin manifestations which may appear facultatively, usually only in advanced age, as paraneoplastic syndromes. To be excluded from these are non-paraneoplastic skin tumor syndromes which are caused either by a similarly directed carcinogenia noxa or by a common genetic factor. PMID- 804596 TI - [Allergic reactions of the eczema type due to drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Drug-induced allergic skin reactions of the eczema type may relatively frequently appear as allergic contact eczema or more rarely as "hematogenous contact eczema." In both types of eczema, a positive patch test to one or more allergens is essential for diagnosis. In 1971 and 1972, there were 85 patients with drug induced eczema reactions (allergic reactions to the ointment bases and preservatives have not been taken into consideration). In 80 cases, topical applications were the contact allergens. The frequent contact allergies to benzocaine and Balsam of Peru seems significant. In 5 isolated cases we saw hematogenous contact eczema due to internal medication, e.g. with antibiotics. PMID- 804597 TI - [The indirect immunofluorescence test for the identification of auto-immune skin diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence test has acquired great importance in the diagnosis of auto-immune skin diseases. Since it is sufficient only to send a sample of whole blood or blood serum to carry out the test, it is also of practical interest to the general practitioner. The test should be called upon if any of the following auto-immune skin diseases are suspected: pemphigus vulgaris (including p. vegetans, p. foliaceus, p. erythematosus), bullous pemphigoid (including benign mucosal pemphigoid) lupus erythematodes (systemic) and diffuse scleroderma. PMID- 804598 TI - [Drug-induced allergic skin reactions of a cutaneous vascular type (author's transl)]. AB - Among drug exanthemata (AE) are included allergic reactions of the cutaneous system which are of a cutaneous vascular type after hematogenous supply of the allergen, which run an immunological course according to the early, Arthus or late type. They are manifested morphologically as urticaria (monosymptomatic or a partial symptom of an anaphylactic or serum sickness syndrome), as macular or maculopapular exanthema (9 days AE) predominantly after ampicillin, as a fixed AE, as Lyell's disease (fatal in about 30% of cases), as erythema multiforme-like AE, as purpura (allergic vasculitis, "carbromal purpura"), as rare lichenoides or nodose AE and as erythematodes-like drug reactions. PMID- 804599 TI - [Shoulder pain and shoulder stiffness: causes, differential diagnosis and therapy:]. AB - Like lumbago, pains and stiffness of the shoulder are a crux medicorum. Here, however, unlike lumbago, promising treatment is possible if a correct diagnosis made. The cardial symptoms are classified for the diagnosis; conservative and surgical treatment of the individual disease pictures are described. PMID- 804600 TI - [Camptodactylia. A study of 33 cases]. AB - A marked camptodactylia, or a mere suggestion of it, was found in 91 (56; 5%) of 161 mentally ill patients, particularly in psychopaths, neurotics and patients in a neurotic state. Clinical, psychological, radiological and biological investigations were carried out in 33 patients. The camptodactylia was frequently associated with distrubances of the carbohydrate metabolism, especially with spontaneous hypoglycemias, as well as arthrotic skeletal changes. The mental disease, which had resulted in incapacity for work, had made us aware of the diversity of the anomalies in our patients. PMID- 804601 TI - [The significance of uric acid in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis]. AB - The findings of serum diagnosis (urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus) in 247 patients with oxalate stone were divided according to sex, and the excretion of uric acid, calcium and phosphorus was estimated. Compared with the control group, the levels of serum uric acid and serum calcium were statistically significantly raised, the mean level not exceeding the normal range. The serum uric acid level was 25% above the normal range in men and 20% above in women, and in the upper range of normal in one third of each, men and women. The excretion of uric acid in women exceeds the normal level in 32% of cases and in 40% of the men, sometimes considerably. The connection between pathological uric acid levels in the serum and urine and the development of oxalate stone, as well as the therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 804603 TI - [Assessment of absorption phases and elimination rates of alcohol in the blood by vivo analysis]. AB - Continuous enzymatic in vivo determination of blood alcohol was used to plot blood alcohol curves in 60 experiments lasting 4 to 6 hours. A curve was plotted for each test subject two hours after a light meal, and the rise, maximim and fall evluated. Various shapes of curve were obtained which differed chiefly in the absorption phase. The maxima show a wide scatter, but the mean value agrees with the calculated value. A connection between the time and height of the maxima can be established. The disintegration rates obtained do not differ from those of other authors. A relationship between decomposition and habituation to alcohol is found. PMID- 804602 TI - [Prevention of 3,4-benzpyrene carcinogenesis by naturally occurring and synthetic compounds]. AB - The carcinogenic action of 3,4-benzpyrene (3,4-BP) can be reduced or completely inhibited by the presence of substances which occur in the animal organism and also by compounds prepared synthetically. Experiments in female mice have shown that the addition of some unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids, thiols or biogenic amines to 3,4-benzyprene solutions causes a slowing down of the tumor induction or complete blockade of the tumor development. The same 3,4-BP solutions without the addition of the substances mentioned produced malignant tumors in the mice almost without exception. PMID- 804604 TI - [Treatment of hemophilia A with actor VIII concentrate in urological operations and injuries of the urinary tract]. AB - A congenital tencency to bleeding can nowadays be successfully treated by substitution of the missing clotting factors. One patient with a slight hemophilia A had a renal calculus removed without complications by pyelotomy, using an antihemophilic Factor VIII concentrate. A 16-year-old boy with a severe form of hemophilia A suffered a renal trauma with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. He was treated conservatively with Factor VIII concentrate and partial function of the kidney was retained. Substitution therapy for operative or conservative procedures and the requirements and expense are discussed. PMID- 804605 TI - [Stosstherapy with steroid-containing combination preparation "Ambene" in the acute stages of rheumatic diseases]. AB - 446 patients with acute rheumatic diseases were treated intensively for an extremely short peroid with Ambene ampoules and Ambene coated tablets. Physical measures were used from the first day of treatment. Bed rest was dispensed with. Under this plan of treatment, 55.3% of the patients were free of complaints within 3 days and 33.4% within 6 days. In spite of extremely high doses of phenylbutazone, no noteworthy side effects appeared. PMID- 804606 TI - [Letter: Smallpox vaccination: more harm than benefit]. PMID- 804607 TI - [Letter: Oral strophanthin therapy in old age]. PMID- 804608 TI - [Letter: The inspector-general of British military hospitals was a woman]. PMID- 804609 TI - [Proceedings: Larding-wire osteosynthesis or AO-procedure. Their indications in metacarpal fractures]. PMID- 804611 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of elbow humeral fractures in childhood]. PMID- 804612 TI - [Proceedings: Animal experiments on longitudinal growth of the childhood skeleton in primary and secondary fracture healing following osteosyntheses]. PMID- 804613 TI - [Proceedings: Experiments on the influencing of reparatory processes]. PMID- 804610 TI - [Proceedings: Our procedure in Bennett's fracture]. PMID- 804614 TI - [Proceedings: Immunologic reactions in patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 804615 TI - [Proceedings: Regional therapy of pain--technical possiblities and organisational problems of cooperation with the hospital]. PMID- 804616 TI - [Proceedings: Hiatal hernia from the surgical viewpoint]. PMID- 804617 TI - [Proceedings: Technic of amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 804618 TI - [Proceedings: Prenatal diagnosis in cytogenetics]. PMID- 804620 TI - [New medico-meteorological results in mental patients]. AB - Over a period of 13 years the dates of hospitalization of 17,268 psychically sick persons were correlated with the decimal weather classification. Schizophrenics and neurotic depressives were affected particularly by warm westerly weather conditions, exhaustion and involution depressives and psychopaths by easterly weather conditions. Alcoholics and neurotics are more irritated by unsettled weather conditions, drug addicts by weather conditions with warm air advection from the southwest. In schizophrenics, high warm air advections in front of a belt of low pressure are of particular importance. Depressives too, seem to react to rising fronts which are partly combined with fally fronts. PMID- 804619 TI - [Effect of the weather on morbidity dynamics in a large city. An investigation on the population of Munich]. AB - The dependence on the weather on the nightly morbidity figures can be demonstrated in a total of 10,200 patients who have used the Munich Emergency Medical Service within 3 months. No prognostic inferences emerge which could be useful in practice, because the effect of the weather is at first almost completely masked by the effect of the weekly rhythm and trend, and only a retrospective analysis over a longer period can make its substantiation possible. Using the Tolzer Weather Phase Schemes, a significant increase in the morbidity figures can be demonstrated for the passage of fronts, inversion positions and the development of warm damp air conditions near the ground. An effect on the number of notifications of illness on meteorologically perfectly defined foehn days is not demonstrable. Only an indifferent effect on the general symptomatology can be attributed to the weather; there is no statistically significant evidence of a specific effect on a single clinical picture. PMID- 804621 TI - [Physical investigations into the thermotherapeutic action of the Kneipp hay flower sack]. AB - By measuring the capacity for absorption of water and heat output of the hay flower sack (pack) used in Kneipp therapy, it was established that finely chopped hay absorbed less water with less statistical scatter than the flowers and fruit (Flores graminis), but more than cellulose, bandaging materials and Styropor. The hay particles should have a surface of not less than 4mm. According to the behavior of the water absorption, a hay flower sack connot be used more than twice. From the behavior of the heat output, the hay flower sack should be applied directly to the body and covered. In this way the storage period can be extended significantly by 10 minutes to a maximum of 50 minutes. Compared with the hot water bottle, kaolin poultice and mud pack, the hay flower sack emits an intensely moist heat better and for a longer time. PMID- 804622 TI - [Results of physical therapy of peripheral arterial circulatory disorders (V). Therapeutic success of different durations of physiotherapeutic exercises]. AB - The effect of physiotherapeutic exercise treatments of various duration was investigated in 5 collectives of ambulant patients comparable with respect to age, duration of illness, site of occlusion and risk factors (133 patients). The standardized walking distance test was used as the criterion of the treatment. There was an asymptotic increase in the mean success rate of the therapy, depending on the duration of the therapy (4, 6, 8, 12, 16 weeks, corresponding to 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 treatments 3 times a week). The average improvement in walking distance increased linearly with the prolongation of the period of treatment, increases of walking distance of over 25% being assessed as successful. PMID- 804623 TI - [Results of physical therapy of peripheral arterial circulatory disorders (VI). Present position of the results in the Steglitz Hospital, Berlin]. AB - 103 patients with peripheral arterial circulatory disorders of Fontaine's type II were divided into 3 comparable groups and subjected to physiotherapeutic interval training three times a week for 7-8 weeks and 10-12 weeks respectively (Groups I and II) and Group III to similar intensive therapy five times a week for 6-7 weeks. In this way, the therapeutic success could be compared in 2 groups for the same length of time (Groups I and III) and with regard to the number of treatments (Groups II and III). The intensive therapy Group III, with a mean increase in walking distance of 79.2% and a success rate of 77.1% showed the best therapeutic efficiency compared with Group II (64.0% and 81.0%), which had to be treated for a considerably long time. The result s of Group I (50.3% and 68.7%) are considerably worse for the same treatment time as Group III. PMID- 804625 TI - [The epileptic child and his environment (author's transl)]. AB - The discovery of electroencephalography and the development of modern anticonvulsants have made it possible to improve substantially the diagnosis and treatment of the epileptic attack. Resistance to treatment and multiple lesions of some of the patients, however, still give rise to considerable problems. Also an unjustified resentment of the environment still produces additional difficulties for the epileptic child. The position of the epileptic within the family, in hospital, in school and at work is discussed in detail. Besides diagnostic and therapeutic measures, additional medical help to overcome social problems is often imperative. PMID- 804624 TI - [Headache and dependence on mixed analgesic preparations]. AB - Six cases out of 38 women patients with persistent headache and abuse of analgesics are described in more detail. From the observations, inferences are drawn for a more specific and critical prescription of analgesics. The continuous taking of commercially available mixed preparations implicates among other risks the danger of the development or deterioration of chronic headaches. The main cause for the dependence is the barbiturate portion which is a common feature of the drugs taken. PMID- 804626 TI - [One year of basic examination of neonates (author's transl)]. AB - During the basic examination (U-2) between the 5th and 10th days of life, 104 pathological findings were made in 93 out of 538 children born in a general practitioner hospital. The incidence of 25% pathological findings in neonates, of which about 70% were obtained at the U-2, in our opinion, justifies the U-2 as a routine measure for all neonates. The percentage of positive findings in neonates from unselected pregnancies must be estimated still higher. PMID- 804627 TI - [Developmental neurological examinations in preparatory school children (author's transl)]. AB - 302 primarily healthy preparatory school children aged from 4-6 years were examined neurologically, using a slightly modified Touwen-Prechtl examination scheme. It was possible to make statistically confirmed statements on the individual tests of neurological function for a German kindergarten population. To develop a short (screening) test representative of the entire nervous system would be very difficult indeed. We hope, however, by means of rational data reduction, to be able to find a compromise between the complexity of the nervous system and the necessities of practice. PMID- 804628 TI - [BCG osteomyelitis. Late complication of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 804629 TI - [The juvenile vertebral column from the sports medicine aspect (author's transl)]. AB - A new model of prophylactic sporting activity has been developed in the Cracow School Sports Center. Children and adolescents with postural lesions and various kinds of spinal curvature which did not exceed 15 degrees, including pubertal diseases of the vertebral column practise there types of sport adapted to the given physical characteristics, in order to avoid the appearance of painful conditions in the vertebral column region. PMID- 804630 TI - [In memoriam A. E. Lampe]. PMID- 804631 TI - [In memoriam Karl Tauber]. PMID- 804632 TI - [Defibrination syndrome in gastric tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The two cases reported here were clinically misleading because of the negative history. A 49-year-old woman was treated for thrombosis migrans of the vena cava and a consumption coagulopathy; a 15-year-old boy for gastro-intestinal hemorrhages and hematemesis with fibrinolysis syndrome. Since the coagulation disturbances did not subside in spite of the treatment, an exploratory laparotomy was performed which revealed a solid carcinoma of the stomach in both cases. The hemorrhagic tendency can be traced back to the coagulation accelerator factors which escape from the tumor and metastases into the blood. PMID- 804633 TI - [Injuries to the rectum in diagnostic and therapeutic measures (author's transl)]. AB - From 1955 to 1973, 28 anus praeter or rectal perforations were observed in the Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Erlangen. Ten of these patients died. The perforation of the intestine was already noted at the time of injury in 14, in 14 it deteriorated until a peritonitis at the end of three days on the average required laparotomy. The perforations arose mainly through rectoscopy or enemas. Such everday measures need care, in particular to stop the manipulation when the patient complains of pain. If there is the slightest suspicion, visualize the point of injury with a water soluble contrast medium. PMID- 804634 TI - [Clinical aspects of cerebral metastases (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral metastases are the most common intracranial tumors next to the malignant glioblastoma multiforme. The clinical aspects are described in summary with reference to 191 cases. At least 1/3 of the cerebral metastases are already multiple on diagnosis. The daughter tumors most frequently colonize in the cerebrum - in the centroparietal region in particular - and much more seldom in the cerebellum. Bronchial and mammary carcinomata are the most important primary tumors; melanomas and hypernephromas come next in frequency. The primary tumor escapes clinical detection relatively frequently. The first symptoms are most frequently signs of cerebral pressure. Of the local symptoms of cerebral metastases, the hemi-syndrome occupies first place. PMID- 804635 TI - [Hemoblastosis and genital manifestations (author's transl)]. AB - The course of the disease in a woman with a malignant lymphoma is described. The primary disease was recognized through an early involvement of the uterus which led to hemorrhages. While observations of this kind are relatively seldom communicated, examination of the literature showed that involvement of the genitals is to be reckoned with relatively frequently with hemoblastoses in the advanced stages. Regular gynecological investigations are therefore essential for women with hemoblastoses. PMID- 804636 TI - [Mesenteric lymphadenitis (author's transl)]. AB - In 23 years the mesenteric lymphadenitis syndrome has been observed more closely in 4974 appendectomies. Examination of the fine structure of the lymph nodes removed showed a non-specific catarrhal inflammation, while a tubercular disease of the lymph nodes could not be demonstrated in any case. After removal of the appendix, complete freedom from complaint was obtained in almost all cases. PMID- 804637 TI - [Use of Fissan Azulen paste in the newborn]. PMID- 804638 TI - [The operative treatment of endometriosis externa (author's transl)]. AB - The difficulty of pretherapeutic demonstration of endometriosis externa (at best about 50% correct diagnoses) requires histological confirmation. This demands a surgical procedure in which is best to remove all the endometrioses. The radical treatment accompanying elimination of ovarian function is largely unproblematic. Therapy with modern drugs and also surgery may fail in the conservative procedure; The combined operative and medicinal therapy integrate the advantages of both methods and cancel out their disadvantages. The significant role of the vaginal operation, especially of the diagnostic and therapeutic operation oposterior colpocoeliotomy is emphasized. PMID- 804639 TI - [Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma after stillbirth in hepatosis of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The case history of a 26-year-old woman with spinal epidural hematoma after the expulsion of a fetus dead in utero and with a slight hepatosis of pregnancy. The case is discussed in the light of the previously known literature. PMID- 804640 TI - [Special features of the duties of a gynecologist in Islamic countries (author's transl)]. AB - A European gynecologist who takes up his duties in a developing Mohammedan country encounters very different problems compared to those in Europe: Early marriage is customary, the intact hymen has great significance. The "child" primipara is the "normal" primipara. Obstetric actions are not determined by the high value placed on the infant's life, as in Europe. The social position of the woman is still determined by tradition and religion. The emancipation of women advances only slowly. PMID- 804641 TI - [Social stratum and attitude towards health during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - In the present empirical study including about 400young mothers from variously structured regions and different social strata, it to could be shown that, in comparison with mothers from the middle and upper strata, mothers of the basic stratum - subjectively know less about possible problems of pregnancy and acquire their information more frequently from mass communication media; - are less frequently under the care of gynecologists than of general practitioners at the beginning and during pregnancy; - are to a lesser extent convinced of the efficiency of public maternity care and have not sufficiently adopted the idea of preventive medical examination in the sense of a norm of behaviorism. The regional differences demonstrated were of less importance than the social differences. PMID- 804642 TI - [Clinical trial of a combined oral contraceptive with low estrogen dose (author's transl)]. AB - 309 women took a combined oral contraceptive (0.04 mg ethinylestradiol and 2.0 mg lynestrol) in 1876 cycles under clinical supervision. The preparation was extremely well tolerated. Pregnancy did not occur; In 57 cases the administration of the tablets was concluded prematurely, but side effects were given as the reason for this discontinuation of the contraceptive in only 6.5% of the cases. Withdrawal bleeding lasted 3.9 days in the control cycle and 3.7 days in the 6th treatment cycle. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in 0.3% of the women. PMID- 804643 TI - [Blood serum levels in mother and child after oral administration of doxycycline ante partum (author's transl)]. AB - After the administration of a single dose of doxycycline to 14 pregnant women shortly before delivery, different concentrations of doxycycline were measured in blood from the umbilical cord after parturition, up to a maximum 54% of the maternal serum concentration. 9 hours after the application of 200 mg doxycycline, a serum level could no longer be detected in the blood from the cord of the fetuses. Serum levels were still demonstrable in the maternal blood 24 hours after the administration. The level of the concentration of doxycycline in the fetal blood was dependent on the level of the concentration of doxycycline in the maternal blood. PMID- 804645 TI - [The use of Sch 1000 in inhalation treatment with intermittent positive pressure of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The use of the atropine derivative Sch 1000 by inhalation assisted by simultaneous intermittent positive pressure respiration was investigated in two groups of patients with moderate and severe obstruction of the respiratory tract with reference to the relationships between time and dose and effect. The maximum effect on the specific resistance (42%) was obtained after 30 minutes and persisted for about 2 hours depending on the severity of the obstruction. An attenuated effect was also still detectable after 4 hours. 50 mcg Sch 1000 was found to be an adequately effective dose. No side effects were observed on the pulse and blood pressure. PMID- 804646 TI - [Letter: Ovulation inhibitors in depot-form?]. PMID- 804644 TI - [Controlled trial of Cymbi on efficacy and tolerance (author's transl)]. AB - Ampicillin (Cymbi -Dolorgiet) was administered in various administration forms to 139 patients with acute and chronic infections of the urinary tract, biliary tract and other infections for an average of 10 days under conditions similar to those of general practice. In a controlled investigation the efficacy and tolerance were examined, and in parallel studies the in vitro activities were correlated with the blood levels obtainable in vivo to determine the therapeutic value in the treated group. The chemotherapeutic efficacy was high and the tolerance was good. The incidence of side effects was relatively low. Only 3;5% of the patients showed unfavorable results or had to stop the treatment. PMID- 804647 TI - [Letter: Naming of microorganisms after their discoverers]. PMID- 804649 TI - [Proceedings: Correction of position in infections of the upper and lower leg]. PMID- 804648 TI - [Letter: Prescribing of expensive drugs]. PMID- 804650 TI - [Proceedings: Sutures and transplantation of tendons]. PMID- 804652 TI - [51st Convention of the Union of Bavarian Surgeons, Munich, July 19-20, 1974]. PMID- 804651 TI - [Proceedings: Sutures and transplantation of nerves]. PMID- 804653 TI - [Proceedings: Conservative or surgical treatment of hand fractures]. PMID- 804654 TI - [Proceedings: Urgent measures in vascular surgery for renal insufficiency]. PMID- 804655 TI - [Proceedings: Experience with rare shunt forms for hemodialysis]. PMID- 804657 TI - [Proceedings: Prevention of gastric ulcers following gastric resection]. PMID- 804656 TI - [Proceedings: Selective proximal vagotomy, excision of ulcus and pyroloplasty in elevated gastric ulcer]. PMID- 804658 TI - [Proceedings: Explorative laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 804659 TI - [Proceedings: Aberrant pancreas in the area of Vater's ampulla as a cause of obstructive jaundice in childhood]. PMID- 804660 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of funnel chest. Surgical indication, time and method]. PMID- 804661 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture without wound suture]. PMID- 804662 TI - [Proceedings: Technic and results of the two-step free, flexor-tendon transplantation]. PMID- 804664 TI - Aggression and mating success in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 804663 TI - Certification-of-need: The Massachusetts experience. AB - Massachusetts, like 22 other states, regulates its health-care industry in part through a certification and changes in service. As a basis for assessing the program's impact, data from the first 19 months are aggregated. A total of 209 determinations were made during the period, 21 involving beds in general hospitals, and 107 beds in long-term-care facilities. They apparently forestalled the addition of 478 beds in the general-hospital sector and of 1885 long term care beds. Most of the 40 "facility-improvement" and 35 of 37 clinic proposals were approved. Fifteen determinations were appealed. Hindrances to assessment certification-of-need are formidable. As a consumer-oriented regulatory tool, it is valuable though limited since it can only react to proposals and can neither initiate nor provide positive incentives for new programs. PMID- 804665 TI - Fossil hominid body weight and brain size. PMID- 804667 TI - Effect of maternal immunity against development of Marek's disease and protective ability of vaccine. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of chicks to Marek's disease and the protective effect of the vaccine prepared from herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) on progeny from dams infected with Marek's disease virus (MDV), or HVT, or both when they were young. Chicks from dams infected with MDV or HVT-MDV were protected from the development of Marek's disease when challenged at 3 days of age. The degree of protection decreased when the time of challenge was delayed; no protection was recognized when chicks from MDV-infected dams were challenged at 10 days of age and chicks from HVT-MDV-infected dams at 21 days of age. When inoculated either with cell-free or cell-associated HVT vaccine, sufficient protection against Marek's disease developed within 10 days in chicks from uninfected or MDV-infected dams. On the contrary, the protective effect of HVT vaccine decreased in chicks from HVT- or HVT-MDV-infected dams when challenge was done at 10 days of age; especially, the effect of cell-free HVT seemed to be inferior to that of cell-associated. The effect was improved in some degree at 21 days of age, so far as the examination for cell-free HVT is concerned. It is considered that the progeny from dams infected with MDV may have maternal immunity against Marek's disease and that the progeny from dams infected with HVT may have immunity against HVT. PMID- 804666 TI - Tryptic destruction of aggregative competence in Dictyostelium discoideum and subsequent recovery. PMID- 804668 TI - Renal urate excretion in animal models. AB - Several aspects of the comparative physiology and pharmacology of renal urate handling are considered; with special attention to bidirectional transport, the existence of intrarenal urate synthesis and degradation in certain species, and the nature and sites of the reabsorptive and secretory processes. Interspecies variations in the sensitivity of the kidney to uricosuric agents and the degree of specificity of the secretory mechanism are discussed. A variety of techniques, especially as applied in certain nonhuman primates, have led to a concept of very rapid trans-tubular fluxes of urate--a concept which may apply in man. PMID- 804670 TI - The effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland of thyroidectomized rats. PMID- 804669 TI - [Effect of infections on the course and effectiveness of epilepsy treatment in children]. AB - The analysis was carried out in a group of 32 children with coexistent chronic urinary tract or respiratory infections. In 20 children an unfavourable effect of infection on the course of epilepsy was observed. Worsening of epilepsy during infection was observed mainly in children without evidence of nervous system damage with primarily generalized seizures, and in cases when the first attacks developed after protective vaccinations. The effect of urinary tract infections was particularly unfavourable. The authors put forward the hypothesis of immunological basis of exacerbation of epileptic seizures during chronic infections. PMID- 804671 TI - Toxoplasmosis mimicking a brain abscess in an adult with treated scleroderma. AB - Toxoplasmosis was found in a 41-year-old man whose presenting symptoms suggested the presence of a presenting symptoms suggested the presence of a space-occupying cerebral lesion and meningitis. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and serologically. Sulfisoxazole and pyrimethamine therapy resulted in resolution of the meningitis within 2 weeks, but no significant clinical change was otherwise observed. The pathology and epidemiology of similar cases are reviewed. PMID- 804672 TI - An approach to the diagnosis and therapy of hyponatremic states. PMID- 804673 TI - A survey to assess potential disease hazards along proposed sea level canal routes in Panama and Colombia. VIII. Survey of enterobacterial pathogens in wild caught vertebrates. PMID- 804674 TI - Spasmolytic properties of dantrolene sodium: clinical evaluation. PMID- 804675 TI - Heat stroke during temperature climatic conditions: case reports. PMID- 804676 TI - Mucoepidermoid tumor metastatic to the mandible: case report. PMID- 804677 TI - Behavioral and milieu management of acute psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 804678 TI - Traumatic aortic valve regurgitation and aortocardiac fistula with successful primary repair: case report. PMID- 804679 TI - Prevalence of Australia antigen in military population. PMID- 804680 TI - Cancer patient care in a general hospital. PMID- 804681 TI - Orthostatic repetitive paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: case report. PMID- 804683 TI - Heart rate, perceived exertion, and energy expenditure during range of motion exercise of the extremities: a nursing assessment. PMID- 804682 TI - Editorial: Hospital regionalization within Great Britain. PMID- 804684 TI - [Daily curves of blood sugar and serum insulin after treatment with various combinations of glibenclamide and phenformin]. PMID- 804685 TI - Lactation and composition of milk in undernourished women. PMID- 804686 TI - Dietary fiber and colonic function--an effect of particle size? PMID- 804687 TI - Thyroid function in experimental and clinical undernutrition. PMID- 804688 TI - Relationships between nutrition during pregnancy and subsequent infant and child development. PMID- 804689 TI - Sparing of the macula. PMID- 804690 TI - [Use of insulin and sodium bicarbonates in coma and severe ketoacidosis in children with diabetes]. PMID- 804691 TI - [Administration of bacterial cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus (acidophilic milk) in an endemic focus of dysentery]. PMID- 804693 TI - [The role of lung function tests in the treatment of respiratory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 804692 TI - DNA polymerases of Euglena gracilis: heterogeneity of molecular weight and subunit structure. AB - Sedimentation analysis of glycerol-density gradients has shown that freshly purified DNA polymerases A and B (pol A and pol B) of Euglena gracilis have molecular weights of 185,000 (8.7S) and 240,000 (10.3S) respectively. They can aggregate in fresh preparations to give forms of higher molecular weight as shown by gel filtration through Sepharose 6B, but on ageing pol B progressively generates species with sedimentation coefficients of 7.4-7.7S, 6.3-6.5S, 4.8S and finally 3.0S. Pol A apparently behaves in a similar fashion though it is unstable. Exposure of pol A and pol B to high ionic strengths can also cause their breakdown to species with lower sedimentation coefficients. The mitochondrial DNA polymerase is distinct, having a molecular weight of 170,000. It is proposed that pol A and pol B are oligomers of the 3.0S subunit and possibly other dissimilar subunits, with pol B having additional factors conferring upon it its extra catalytic functions. PMID- 804694 TI - Antibody against tuberlin: the specific visualization of cytoplasmic microtubules in tissue culture cells. AB - Cytoplasmic microtubules in tissue culture cells can be directly visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibody against tubulin from the outer doublets of sea urchin sperm flagella decorates a network of fine cytoplasmic fibers in a variety of cell lines of human, monkey, rat, mouse, and chicken origin. These fibers are separate and of uniform thickness and are seen throughout the cytoplasm. The fibers disappear either in a medium containing colchicine or after subjection of the cells to low temperature. The same treatments do not destroy the microfilamentous structures that are visualized by means of antibody against actin. When tryspin-treated enucleated cells are replated and then stained with antibody against tubulin, the fibers can be seen to traverse the entire enucleated cytoplasm. PMID- 804695 TI - Biosynthesis of ribosylthymine in the transfer RNA of Streptococcus faecalis: a folate-dependent methylation not involving S-adenosylmethionine. AB - Ribosylthymine is not present in tRNA of Streptococcus faecalis grown in the absence of folic acid, although this methylated residue does occur in the tRNA of this organism when it is grown in the presence of folate. We have found that, unlike other methylated residues in RNA of S. faecalis and other organisms, the methyl moiety of ribosylthymine of the tRNA of folate-sufficient S. faecalis is not derived from S-adenosylmethionine. Preliminary evidence suggests that a folate derivative serves as the methyl donor in this methylation. PMID- 804696 TI - Inverted repetitious sequences in the macronuclear DNA of hypotrichous ciliates. AB - The low-molecular-weight macronuclear DNA of the hypotrichous ciliates Oxytricha, Euplotes, and Paraurostyla contains inverted repetitious sequences. Up to 89% of the denatured macronuclear DNA molecules form single-stranded circles due to intramolecular renaturation of complementary sequences at or near the ends of the same polynucleotide chain. Other ciliated protozoans, such as Tetrahymena, with high-molecular-weight macronuclear DNA and an alternative mode of macronuclear development, appear to lack these selfcomplementary sequences. The denatured macronuclear molecules of hypotrichs are held in the circular conformation by a hydrogen-bonded duplex region, which is probably less than 50 base pairs in length, since the duplex regions are not visible by electron microscopy and since the circles in 0.12 M phosphate buffer are not retained during hydroxylapatite chromatography at 60 degrees. The existence of extremely small circles, with contour lengths shorter than the smallest pieces of native DNA, suggests that inverted repetitions containing nicks (broken phosphodiester bonds in duplex DNA) or gaps (interruptions with missing nucleotides) are present at internal positions as well as at the ends of native molecules. Estimates from length measurements of native and denatured Oxytricha macronuclear DNA indicate an average of 1.7 nicks per duplex molecule. Thus, in order to account for the high frequency of circle formation, a restriction-type enzyme(s) must exist which inserts single-strand, site-specific nicks or gaps at internal positions in the macronuclear DNA of Oxytricha. PMID- 804697 TI - Repetitive hinge region sequences in human IgG3: isolation of an 11,000-dalton fragment. AB - The heavy chain (gamma-3) of the IgG3 subclass of human immunoglobulins has a molecular weight of 60,000, instead of the 50,000 value reported for gamma-1, gamma-2, and gamma-4 heavy chains. By use of protein Omm, a gamma-3 heavy chain disease protein, it was possible to isolate and analyze the extra fragment. Protein Omm had a molecular weight of 40,000, glycine as its sole NH-2-terminal, and contained only the hingee region and the C-H-2 and C-H-3 domains. CNBr cleavage at Met 252 (gamma-1 numbering) yielded the hinge fraction (Fh fragment). On the basis of the molecular weight of Fh (11,000), its amino-acid composition, its partial sequence, and its unexpectedly low number of tryptic peptides, it is postulated that the extra fragment in gamma-3 heavy chains represents a series of similar or identical duplications of sections of the previously reported gamma-3 hinge region. In addition, there are striking homologies with the hinge region of alpha-1 and alpha-2 heavy chains, one of which also has duplications. The relationship of these hinge structures in different immunoglobulins supports the concept that this region is coded by a unique, small piece of DNA, which has evolved in parallel manner with the immunogolbulin genes by partial duplications and/or crossingover. PMID- 804698 TI - Parathyroid hormone secretion in the rat: effect of aminophylline (38536). AB - Administration of aminophylline to intact rats did not cause a change in serum Ca, but did cause a significant increase in serum PTH. Administration of EDTA alone caused hypocalcemia, and a greater increase in PTH than that caused by aminophylline alone. Aminophylline plus EDTA given togeather caused no greater hypocalcemia, but a significantly greater increase in PTH than that by EDTA alone. Therefore, aminophylline increased PTH secretion when given alone, and also enhanced the PTH secretion stimulated by EDTA-induced hypocalcemia in vivo. PMID- 804699 TI - Biosynthesis of Phospholipids and neutral lipids of monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK 2) infected with Chlamydia trachomatic strain lymphogranuloma venereum (38538). AB - The biosynthesis of phospho-lipids and neutral lipids in normal and monkey kidney cells infected with lymphogranuloma venereum were compared using 14C-acetate and 14-C-serine in pulse-chase experiments. Synthesis of phospholipids and nutral glycerolipids were inhibited in infected cells. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) synthesis increased while phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and cardiolipin synthesis decreased in infected cells within 36 hr after infection. Sphingomyelin syntheisis decreased after 48 hr of infection. The synthesis of PE in the infected cell followed a similar pathway found in bacteria and could be distinguished from the normal host cell. An explanation of the parsitic requirement for lipid precursors has been proposed. PMID- 804700 TI - Transfer of nonspecific resistance to Listeria monocytogenes using spleen cells from syphilitic rabbits (38574). AB - The data presented show that spleen cells obtained from syphilitic rabbits can be used to transfer nonspecific resistance to Listeria to normal recipients. This supports the hypotheisis that infection caused by T. pallidum induces a cell mediated immune response. PMID- 804701 TI - Punished behavior: increases in responding after d-amphetamine. AB - Responding maintained in squirrel monkeys under a 10-min fixed-interval schedule of food presentation was suppressed by presenting a shock after every 30th response (punishment). During alternate 10-min periods of the same experimental session, but in the presence of a different discriminative stimulus, responding either had no effect (extinction) or postponed delivery of an electric shock (avoidance). During sessions when the avoidance schedule was not in effect, d amphetamine sulfate decreased punished responding. When the avoidance schedule was present during alternate 10-min periods, however, d-amphetamine (0.01 minus 0.56 mg/kg, i.m.) markedly increased responding during punishment components. Increases in responding during avoidance components were also evident. The effects of d-amphetamine on punished responding depend on the context in which that responding occurs. PMID- 804702 TI - Clinical trials of TRH (thyroid releasing hormones). PMID- 804703 TI - Results of European clinical trials on the therapeutic use of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in psychiatry. PMID- 804704 TI - Behavioral effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone in animals and man: a generic hypothesis. PMID- 804705 TI - Preliminary studies on the use of thyrotropin releasing hormone in manic states, depression, and the dysphoria of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 804706 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone in depression and schizophrenia. PMID- 804707 TI - Clinical and CNS effects of oral and i.v. thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 804708 TI - Abbott-38579 (synthetic TRH) in the treatment of depression: a controlled study of oral administration. PMID- 804709 TI - A controlled study of thyrotropin releasing hormone in hospitalized depressed patients. PMID- 804710 TI - [Diastrophic dwarfism. Case report on a newborn infant]. PMID- 804711 TI - [Calcification of cervical discs in children. Long-term X-ray study]. AB - The observation of a calcified cervical disc in a 10 year old boy has stimulated to follow the clinical and radiological course of calcifications of the nucleus pulposus in infancy. These calcifications and the combined radiological and morphological situation of the intervertebral discs as well as the vertebral bodies were studied over a long period of time. PMID- 804712 TI - [Evolution of mortality in diabetic ketoacidosis during 7 years in the Department of Internal Medicine of a general hospital (a series of 384 cases)]. PMID- 804713 TI - [Primary intestinal lymphoma with malabsorption. Report of 8 cases, one of them associated with IgA-Kappa monoclonal gammapathy]. PMID- 804714 TI - Partial characterization of hepatic micorsomes from tupaia glis. AB - The dithionite difference spectrum of Tupaia microsomal cytochrome P-450-CO complex has an absorbance maximum at 449 nm, rather than at 450 nm as found for rat, rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, and human microsomes. N-octylamine difference spectroscopy showed the ratio of high- and low-spin forms of cytochrome P-450 to be different from that of the rat, indicating that the 449 nm absorption maximum might be due to a high concentration of the high-spin form, cytochrome P-448. The Tupaia microsomes demonstrated greater aryl hydrocarbon activity than microsomes prepared from male rats. These preliminary results suggest that Tupaia microsomes contain a modified terminal oxygenase which is responsible for the observed rapid metabolism of benzo[alpha]pyrene. PMID- 804715 TI - [Side-effects of Ro 7-1051, a nitroimidazole used tentatively as a specific treatment for Chagas' disease]. PMID- 804716 TI - [Mast cells in Chagas' chronic cardiopathy]. PMID- 804717 TI - [Dyserythropoietic anemia]. PMID- 804718 TI - [Possibilities of chemical germ-conservation and its meaning for the bacteriological urine diagnosis]. AB - To estimate the germ-preserving effect of 15 percent disodium-calcium-ethylene diamine-tetraacetate, 1.8 percent boric acid, 20 percent dimethyl sulfoxide and 3 solutions containing 0.001 percent merthiolate and 15 percent glycerin, 2 percent ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid and 15 percent glycerin, and 30 percent NaCl and 3 percent polyvinyl pyrrolidone respectively, comparative investigations were conducted in 4 series comprising a total of 400 urine samples. Boric acid, which is very easy to use, proved the most effective. After 24-h storage at room temperature of boric-acid-preserved urine samples with bacterial counts of over 10-4 per ml, the results were false-negative in 2-4 percent; after 48 h the rate was 6-8 percent and after 72 h nearly 10 percent. There were no false-positive results. PMID- 804719 TI - Human milk, nutrition, and the world resource crisis. PMID- 804720 TI - Adaptive changes in degree of eye reduction in eyeless mutants of Drosophila melanogaster after thermal shock during the critical periods of faceted eye development. AB - Brief heating of the oocytes and larvae of eyeless mutants during the critical periods of faceted-eye development caused an increase in the thermal sensitivity of the eye rudiments, which led to an increase in the number of one-eyed individuals among the flies that hatched. These changes eye development were transmitted through a number of successive generations without exposure to additional thermal shock, by maternal inheritance. It was established that repeated heating of oocytes and larvae of eyeless mutants whose ancestors had been subjected to similar heating during the same stages of development caused a decrease rather than the expected increase in thermal sensitivity, i.e., there was an adaptive increase in the thermostability of the eye rudiments. Thus, the effect of reheating was the opposite of that of the original heating. PMID- 804721 TI - Ectopia cordis with single ventricle and a diverticulum. Exsanguination from septic necrosis of the ductus arteriosus. AB - An infant is described with partial ectopia cordis and a cardiac diverticulum which orignated from a single ventricle. There was associated deficiency of the lower part of the sternum and lack of pericardial tissue over the diverticulum. These anomalies form part of the midline thoraco-abdominal syndrome in which cardiac anomalies are frequent. The infant died suddenly at 17 days of age owing to haemmorhage from septic ductal necrosis, caused by ascending infection of the tissue between the diverticulum and the thoraci wall. PMID- 804722 TI - Chromomycosis in the toad (Bufo marinus) and a comparison of the etiologic agent with fungi causing human chromomycosis. AB - Of 75 toads (Bufo marinus) 2 were found infected by black molds. The internal organs of these animals had granulomatous lesions containing brown fungi identical to those found in human chromomycosis. Cultures gave rise to slow growing black molds but all attempts to induce sporulation failed. The fungi did not grow at 36 degrees C or above and failed to hydrolyse gelatin or casein. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis revealed that both isolates were identical and shared common antigens with the recognized human pathogens P. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa and C. carrioni. The findings are compared with other reports of black mold infections in amphibians. PMID- 804723 TI - Skull defect involving the lambdoid suture in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 804724 TI - [Basic programs for long term care]. PMID- 804725 TI - Tissue concentrations of mercury after chronic dosing of squirrel monkeys with thiomersal. AB - Squirrel monkeys were dosed intranasally with saline or thiomersal (sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, 0.002 percent w/v) daily for six months. The total amounts of thiomersal given during the six months period were 418 mug (low dose group) and 2280 mug (high dose group). This was equivalent to 207 and 1125 mug mercury. The dose differential was achieved by more frequent administration to the high dose group. Mercury concentrations were significantly raised over control values in brain (high dose group only), liver, muscle and kidney, but not in blood. Concentrations were highest in the kidney, moderate in liver and lowest in brain and muscle. Much of the mercury was present in the inorganic form (37-91 percent). No evidence of toxicity due to thiomersal was seen in any animal. Nevertheless accumulation of mercury from chronic use of thiomersal-preserved medicines is viewed as a potential health hazard for man. PMID- 804726 TI - Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. IX. Summary of the most toxic: trichlorofluormethane (FC 11). AB - The acute inhalational toxicity of trichlorofluoromethane (FC 11) is summarized in this paper. There is a striking similarity in threshold concentrations between the mouse and the rat on one hand and the dog and the monkey on the other. The mouse and rat require lower levels of concentration, i.e. (1 to 2.5%) to influence the respiratory system but higher levels (2.5 to 5.0%) to affect the circulatory system. The respiratory systems of the monkey and the dog have about the same sensitivity as those of the other two species in that the threshold level of FC 11 is 2.5 to 5%. The circulatory systems of the monkey and the dog can be influenced by a concentration of 0.5%. PMID- 804727 TI - Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circularoty systems. X. Proposed classification. AB - The 15 propellants are grouped into four classes on the basis of results of investigation reported in this series of publications. Class 1 low-pressure propellants of high toxicity; Class 2 low-pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity; Class 3 high-pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity; and Class 4 high-pressure propellants of low toxicity. PMID- 804728 TI - [Pulmoscintigraphic long-term observations during postoperative irradiation of the mammary region (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of ionizing rays on the pulmonary tissue during postoperative high voltage therapy of breast cancer was investigated by a long-term study with the help of X-rays and nuclear techniques. The results prove that--in spite of optimal irradiation techniques--a local reduction of the pulmonary perfusion takes place as well as a shift of the cardiac output into other pulmonary areas, which are not exposed to the irradiation. Hereby, the pulmonary global function shows no significant change, as other authors have already pointed out. Likewise, no alteration was seen of the simple X-ray film after the use of this irradiation technique. In the pulmonary scintigram, however, a local reduction of the pulmonary perfusion was already seen after the application of 1500 rd, which increased still more in the posttherapeutic period. There were no signs of relapses within the observation period of more than 17 months. PMID- 804729 TI - [Localization and field control in deep therapy]. AB - The localisation is an important part of irradiation planning. The development of special therapy simulators takes this significance into account. Focussing under observation is difficult because of the limited size of the monitors. If focussing is complicated, control radiograph of the field, taken on the therapy unit with the therapeutic rays, grants optimal safety. In routine clinical procedure, simpler focussing is preferable, as it need not intricate control. High-voltage films show characteristic peculiarities with regard to their production and evaluation. PMID- 804731 TI - [Results of using agar precipitation for studying equine infectious anemia]. PMID- 804730 TI - Blood flow measurements and the "look through" artifact in focal cerebral ischemia. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured (intra-arterial injections of 133Xe) and electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded periodically before, for two hours during, and for one and one-fourth hours after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in 20 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). A CBF-Paco2 response curve for these animals under barbiturate anesthesia was created from CBF values prior to MCA occlusion and during the time a steady state was being achieved. The animals were subdivided into four groups (five monkeys in each) on the basis of Paco 2 values: 20, 36, 40, and 60 mm Hg. CBF values from this study were compared to previous results obtained with 85Kr. The phenomenon of "look through" and the importance of recognizing this artifact and its significance in analyzing CBF results in areas of focal ischemia are discussed. The present results were correlated with cerebral ATP and lactate concentrations in ischemic regions determined in previous studies using this preparation at these Paco2 values and at comparable time intervals before, during, and after MCA occlusion. The EEG appears to reflect the state of ischemic brain accurately. However, CBF measured by the 133Xe method can be misleading in regard to the true degree of ischemia resulting from occlusion of an intracranial vessel and cannot be relied on to demonstrate accurately "steal" or "reverse steal" due to changes in Paco2. PMID- 804733 TI - [Epidemiological situation of infectious anemia in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 804732 TI - [Epidemiological situation of infectious anemia in Italy]. PMID- 804734 TI - Epizootiological situation of equine infectious anaemia in Greece. PMID- 804735 TI - Equine infectious anaemia in Canada, diagnosis and control. PMID- 804736 TI - Characteristics of milk proteins manifesting antigenic action in cows affected with subclinical mastitis. PMID- 804738 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations of endothelial changes in experimentally induced atheromatosis of rabbit aortas. AB - Following the administration of cholesterol for a period of 6-7 weeks, Scanning Electron Microscopic (S.E.M.) observations revealed mono-cellular, crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes on top of the large intimal plaques in the rabbit aortas. Finger-like and other shaped cell protrusions were observed at the edges of these crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes, giving the intimal plaques a rough appearance. At other sites, normal, smooth, although irregularly arranged, endothelial cells covered the lesions. By impregnating the cell borders with silver-nitrate or silver proteinate containing perfusates, it was possible in most cases to ascertain that the lesions were derived from changes in one cell or from changes in a small collection of cells. S.E.M. observations further revealed crater-like and dome-shaped endothelial changes to be present in large fields or as isolated cell changes in normal areas at sites where no gross lesions were observed with the light microscope. In addition large, multi-cellular, crate-like endothelial changes were observed at the edges of the large intimal plaques. At these sites several endothelial cells were lacking, leaving behind a crater in which sometimes cells and a few fibrin threads were found. Following the administration of cholesterol for periods of 4 5 and 2-3 weeks similar monocellular changes were observed, some extending over large areas, other as single cells in apparently normal surroundings. Quantitatively the number of lesions was less than when the cholesterol was administered for a longer period. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of large amounts of membrane-bound lipid globules in the subendothelial spaces and within some endothelial cells, structures which were assumed to be cross-sections of the crater-like or dome-shaped endothelial cell protrusions, visible with the S.E.M. PMID- 804737 TI - Nephropathy in patients with drug addiction. Evolution of pathological and clinical features. AB - The course of the nephropathy in patients with drug addiction has been studied in six subjects. The nephrotic syndrome with the presenting feature in all, with two progressing to terminal renal failure in less than a year. Serial percutaneous renal biopsies revealed the basic lesion to be a mild non-specific increase in PAS-positive material in the mesangial areas. This was more marked in the two patients with renal failure who, in addition, had segmental PAS-positive material in the glomerular capillary loops, focal tubular dilatation and atrophy, interstitial edema and mononuclear cell infiltration. Immunofluorescent staining revealed lumpy granular staining. IgG, present at the onset of the nephrotic syndrome, subsided as the first two patients developed renal failure, while beta1C and IgM, negative at the onset, became positive. Electron microscopy revealed focal basement membrane thickening and deposition of homogenous, finely granular electron-dense material predominantly in the mesangial areas. Our findings indicate that renal damage secondary to immune-complex deposits develops in the addict. The presence of interstitial swelling, mononuclear infiltration and tubular dilatation signals rapid deterioration of renal function and a grave prognosis, while their absence indicates a more prolonged indolent course. PMID- 804739 TI - [The lymphocytoma of the lung. Etiology, pathogenesis, differential-diagnosis and dignity (author's transl)]. AB - Tumor-like lymphoplasias of the human lung are named in different ways and differently classified according to their characteristic features: inflammatory, benign, semi-malignant, and malignant. From the cellular point of view the term "lymphocytoma" is appropriate. There are different stages in the course, each respresenting characteristic histological pictures. An early symptom is a strong lymphatic hyperplasia in the walls of small bronchia followed by a voluminous lymphoplasmacellular infiltration of the interalveolar septa with formation of follicles containing germinal centres. The interstitial infiltration may periodically become more "colored" by facultative participation of basophil stem cells, macrophages, reticular cells, eosinophiles and multinucleated giant cells. The alveolar epithelium reacts with hypertrophy and hyperplasy and finally the alveoles are totally obliterated. Fibroses and hyalinoses develop in later stages. Clinically and morphologically they bear a close relationship to the inflammatory lymphoma Saltzstein and to the lymphoid interstitial pneumonia Liebow. Probably there are transitorial stages between these diseases. The cause is to be seen in immunological reactions of the lymphoepithelial system of the lung. Antigens contact immunocompetent cells at the tonsilla pulmonis. Thus the lymphoplasia is put into action. Is the noxa not diminished it may be followed by the formation of autoantibodies, which support the chronic course. The process can become independent and in that way assume the character of a tumor. Such cases may be named immunocytoma. PMID- 804740 TI - A perplexing malignant bone tumor. Highly malignant so-called adamantinoma or non typical Ewing's sarcoma. AB - A malignant tumor of the second metatarsal in a thirteen-year-old girl with trouble-some clinical and especially light- and electronmicroscopical aspects is described. The findings are discussed in relation to each of the two possibilities to be considered: highly malignant, extra-cranial so-called adamantinoma (poorly differentiated or basaloid type) or Ewing's sarcoma with focal squamous differentiation, the latter being a most remarkable observation. PMID- 804741 TI - [Idiopathic necrosis in the marrow of the distal femur. A contribution to aseptic necrosis of the bone (author's transl)]. AB - Symmetrical aseptic necrosis in the marrow of the distal femur was systematically examined in 4 autopsies. According to formal analysis, the self reliant process, with a tendency toward relapse begins with two forms of destruction of the medullary fatty tissue. The consequences are fundamentally the same as those present after necrosis of the extra-medullary fatty tissue; there are only modifications caused location. These modifications include the regular calcification of non-liquifying by fatty-tissue necrosis that fibroses in a net like manner, and of subsequent bone formation. Spongiosis in incorporated secondarily into necrosis. Medullary necrosis are not caused by vascular lesions and differ therefore from infarct-like necrosis of the bone. The etiology of the medullary steatonecrosis, which probably begins dystrophically, cannot be cleared up morphologically, and is unknown up to now. There are no definite indications for a causal relationship with cortico-steroid therapy. This form of necrosis of the marrow is therefore termed "idiopathic". PMID- 804742 TI - [Morphometric-statistical analysis of pancreatic arteries in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl]. AB - This study deals with changes in pancreatic vessels in cases of chronic pancreatitis. In particular the hypothesis that the diameter of the arterial vessels is reduced is examined statistically. Histological preparations from two groups, stained by the Elastica van Gieson method, were used for the investigation: Group I consisted of 50 section cases with healthy pancreatic tissue, group II consisted of 50 operative cases of chronic pancreatitis. At a 320-fold magnification, media thickness, vessel diameter, and intima thickness of four arterial vessels in each case were determined by a measuring scale in the ocular of a light microscope. The test results were transferred to perforated cards and analyzed statistically by computer. In the region of the endothel, the arterial vessels show cell nuclei projecting into the lumen. Especially remarkable is the thickening of the subendothelial intima tissue in the form of intimafibrosis and intimaelastosis. Atrophy of the media is noted in later stages, and it finally dissolves. The lumen of the arterial vessels seems to be considerably constricted as compared to that of the venous vessels. In attempting to prove vessel constriction, it was assumed that a certain media thickness corresponds to a certain vessel radius. Thus, we determined the relations between media thickness and vessel radius in both groups. Using regression lines as a model, we found vessel constriction to be statistically significant. However, although regression lines for the correlation between assumed vessel radius (sum of vessel radius and intima thickness) and media thickness are quite close, they are still significantly different. This remaining difference could have been caused by alteration in the media or also by additional influencial characteristics that differ in the two test groups. Therefore, the effect on the relationship between vessel radius and media thickness was examined with regard to the following variables: distribution of age, sex, and phases of parenchym reduction. Results show that the differences between the two groups were hardly influenced by age. The different distribution of sex seems to weaken the result more than to intensify it. Finally, the phase of parenchym reduction corresponds to the extent of vessel alteration. These vessel alterations probably represent an adaption of the reduced parenchym to the lowered demand for blood. On the other hand, it is rather unlikely that such alteration is an important pathogenetic factor of chronic pancreatitis or a consequence of exterior pressure caused by perifocal inflammation and incisive cicatricial tissue. PMID- 804743 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the parotid glands in sialadenosis. AB - 30 parotid biopsies of patients with sialadenosis--a symmetrical, painless, non inflammatory, recurrent parotid swelling--were studied by electron microscopy. The patients suffered from different diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, hypertension and other affections. Parotid biopsies from 25 patients with slight parotitis or with oral cancer were used as controls. Morphometric studies reveal that the parotid swelling is caused by an enlargement of acinar cells. In controls the average diameters of the acinar cells are 30 to 40 mu. In sialadenosis the diameters are enlarged to 50 to 70 mu, in some cases to a maximum of 100 mu. Histologically the cytoplasm of the enlarged acinar cells shows either a granular pattern due to a numerical increase in secretory granules or a vacuolar transformation. Ultrastructurally the vacuolar transformed acinar cells also contain an increased number of granules with less electron density than the surrounding cytoplasm. Three types of sialadenosis can be distinguished with regard to the electron density of the acinar granules: a) a dark granular type, b) a pale granular type and c) a mixed granular type. The mixed granular type probably develops from the dark granular form. Alterations leading to the destruction of the myoepithelial cells were observed in all three types of sialadenosis with minimal changes in the dark granular type. Degenerative alterations of the autonomic nervous system are evident in all three groups with most pronounced changes in the pale granular type of sialadenosis. The ultrastructural alterations are interpreted as a disturbance of secretion, probably primarily caused by the degeneration of the autonomic nervous system. The alteration of the autonomic nervous system is suggested to be the common pathogenetic principle in all types of human sialadenosis occurring with different basic diseases. The enlargement of the acinar cells is the result of an intracellular disturbance in the secretory process due to the preceding defect of the autonomous nerval structures. PMID- 804744 TI - [Morphogenesis and significance of epithelial metaplasia in the human prostate gland. An electron-microscopic study (author's transl)]. AB - Electron-microscopic studies were done to point out the morphogenesis of transitional and squamous epithelial metaplasia in the human prostate gland. The basis of epithelial metaplasia is a multi-layered proliferation of the basal cells and subsequent divergent differentiation. Transitional metaplasia can be viewed under the light microscope; the electron microscope on the other hand does not show all structural features of the transitional epithelium, such as: The cover cells of the metaplastic epithelium, which do not reach the basement membrane; the surface cells, which are always mononuclear and show signs of beginning adenoid differentiation. Extreme twisting of the lateral cell membranes as a morphological equivalent of deformability was not observed. Squamous epithelial metaplasia, contrary to transitional epithelial metaplasia, shows the criterions true characteristics of squamous epithelium at both the light and electron microscopic levels: The metaplastic cells have an abundant cytoplasm containing the characteristic structures with numerous tonofibrils and broad desmosomes. Microvilli-like processes of the cytoplasm project into the lacunar interfacial canals. In addition aggregates of glycogen granules and deposits of osmiophilic material can be seen, representing the first step of keratinization. Epithelial metaplasias in the prostate occur not only in the central area near the urethra, but also in the peripheral ducts and glandular acini. An estrogen androgen imbalance is suggested to be an essential factor in the etiology of prostatic epithelial metaplasia. A reversibility of squamous epithelial metaplasia is unlikely. To our knowledge, the epithelial metaplasias in the prostate do not represent a precancerous lesion. PMID- 804745 TI - [Influence of autolysis on the immunohistology of tissue-bound immunglobulins in the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of autolysis on the immunhistological detectability and the immunological properties of tissue-bound basement membrane antibodies were investigated in the rat kidney. The immunhistological demonstration of antibodies was not affected up to 3 days post mortem. The disturbing autofluorescence of the autolytic tissue can be avoided by using peroxydase labeled antibodies. Basement membrane antibodies that were eluted from the kidneys after an autolysis period of 2 days showed a homogenous linear deposition in kidney basement membrane after reinjection into normal rats. Their antibody properties were not affected. PMID- 804747 TI - The metastatic spread of myeloma and leukemias in men. AB - This investigation was based on the analysis of 580 autopsy records of patients with plasma cell myeloma or any type of leukemia. The data were collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1956 and 1965. The primary purpose of this paper was to elucidate the metastatic process in myelomas and different types of leukemia. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether the spread of a cancer from the primary tumor throughout the body was due to a simple diffusion or if a cascade process took place. The basic definition of the "cascade or multistep" diffusion of cancer is that it takes place in steps; that is, at least one intermediate step is usually required for the disease to progress from the primary tumor to generalized dissemination throughout the body. It appeared that either the liver or spleen are the two major diffusing sites; that is, no generalized metastasis occurs unless the spleen and/or liver are seeded first. PMID- 804746 TI - Jugular body tumors: hyperplasias or true neoplasms? Light and electron microscopical investigations. AB - Problems of classification of certain growth processes were discussed using jugular body tumors to find out cytological criteria for characterizing growth traits. For this purpose light microscopical (9 cases), electron microscopical (6 cases) and enzyme histochemical investigations (3 cases) were performed. For comparison 4 carotid body tumors were examined. We are inclined to assume a neoplastic nature. An explanation as hyperplastic proliferation is refuted because a remarkable cellular variation in size and form, only sparse nerve fibers and lacking synaptic contacts, because submicroscopical features and because the clinical picture and course of the disease. It is pointed to the origin of the tumor cells from rudimentary endocrine-like cells occurring in the glomus jugulare-tympanicum in analogy to other neoplasias. The clinical symptoms, the course and the pathologic anatomical pattern suggest an interpretation of jugular body tumors as potential malignant growths. PMID- 804749 TI - Pathology of "knuckle pads". Study of four cases. AB - Histological study of four cases of knuckle pads. The main lesion is a fibroblastic proliferation which developes into dense fibrosis. It is analogous to that found in Dupuytren's contracture or Ledderhose's disease, with which knuckle pads are often associated. This histological feature and the clinical characteristics suggest a nosological entity of nodules situated at the back of the fingers, as a distinct form of fibromatoses and help to delineate knuckle pads from an abarticular manifestation of inflammatory or degenerative rheumatism. PMID- 804748 TI - Formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence in gastrin-producing tumours. AB - Material from eight peptide hormone-secreting tumours, extirpated from the pancreas or from the antrum-duodenum region, was examined. Four of the patients had the clinical manifestations of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, two showed the features of an insulin-secreting tumour and one had a glucagonoma. Gastrin producing cells, identified by immunohistochemistry, were found in five of the tumours. These cells displayed a varying degree of formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence. This agrees with previous observations on the gastrin cell of human antral and duodenal mucosa. From model experiments, formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence is thought to reflect the presence of peptides having tryptophan in the NH2-terminal position. The nature of this peptide in gastrin-producing cells is unknown. PMID- 804750 TI - The serum complement system--a mediator of acute pancreatitis. AB - The role of the complement system in the initial membrane lesion of acute pancreatitis was investigated. In the experimental sodium-taurocholate pancreatitis of the rat a sudden and steady decline of serum complement was observed. The deposition of C3 component of complement in acute pancreatitis could be demonstrated by immunofluorescence. To rule out mere deposition or activation of complement in the interstitial exsudative fluid, single acinar cells of rat and rabbit pancreatic tissue were prepared and transfered to culture medium. In contrast to heat inactivated serum and C6 deficient serum these cells were lysed by trypsin activated fresh serum. Consequently, an acute pancreatitis could be induced by activating exclusively the complement system by injection of cobra venom factor into the pancreatic duct of rats. The activated complement system is thought to be responsible for initial membrane lesion in exsudative inflammation, as could be shown in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 804751 TI - Mast cells in the islets of Langerhans. A study of their behaviour in connection with diabetes and with insular amyloidosis. AB - The number of mast cells in the islets of Langerhans in 60 cases was determined in an autopsy study. The 60 patients were divided into 4 groups, distinguishing between those with diabetes, insular amyloidosis, those with both these pathological conditions and those with neither diabetes nor insular amyloidosis. As compared with the control group, it was discovered that there was a sharp increase in mast cells in the group with insular amyloidosis and in the group with diabetes; the number of mast cells tended to increase even more in the presence of both pathological conditions. With these data in hand, it is assumed that the increase in mast cells in the islets of Langerhans is not only due to the presence of amyloidosis, but that it is also brought about as a direct consequence of diabetes. PMID- 804752 TI - [Ultrastructure of cycasin-induced adenomas of kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 804753 TI - Lipidosis with a predominant storage of phosphoglycerides (phospholipidosis type II--Baar, Wiedemann). AB - A case of a 27 month old girl suffering from a rare form of lipidosis is described. Clinical symtoms consisted of a moderate hepatosplenomegaly and a progressive psychomotor retardation. Bioptical examination of the liver, appendix and skin revealed a pronounced lipid storage in histiocytes, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium and in peripheral nervous system. Histochemically, a generalized storage of phosphoglycerides and cholesterol was found. It was accompanied with a moderate amount of sphingomyelin and a variable amount of glycolipids (predominantly glycosphingolipids), the latter being stored mainly in the peripheral nervous system and in the vascular endothelium. Chromatographically, an increased concentration of lysobisphosphatidic acid and cholesterol could be detected. The ultrastructure of storage cytosomes was rather pleomorphic often with concentrically lamellar appearance. Further details of the investigation are described and the relation of this case to those described by Baar and Hickmans (1956) and Wiedemann et al. (1972) is stressed. Due to a strong evidence that this group of diseases represents a new type of phospholipid storage disease the name "Phospholipidosis Type II" (Baar-Wiedemann) or "Phosphoglyceridosis" is proposed, whereas "Phospholipidosis Type I" or "Sphingomyelinosis" should be reserved for the classical Niemann-Pick complex. PMID- 804754 TI - [Studies of the induction of amyloidosis by chondroitin sulfate. 2. Different distribution of amyloid after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of chondroitin sulfate (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of mice (A/J/Han) were treated with casein for 3 weeks. They then received chondroitin sulfate for 1 week, the one group subcutaneously and the other intraperitoneally. Intraperitoneally, chondroitin sulfate produces a more pronounced amyloidosis than subcutaneously. It also causes a marked amyloidosis of the draining lymph nodes of the abdomen. These alterations probably result from an unspecific amyloidogenic effect of chondroitin sulfate, which becomes stronger as local concentration increases. PMID- 804755 TI - [The influence of dyes with special affinity to amyloid on the resorption of casein-induced amyloidosis in mice (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The influence of dyes with special affinity to amyloid on the resorption of experimental amyloidosis was studied in mice (A/J/Bom). 2. The amyloidosis was produced by injections of 5% casein over a period of seven weeks. After an interval of six weeks the animals received 0.5 ml of a 0.01% dye solution intraperitoneally (congo red, diamine green, Evans blue) or 0.9% NaCl (controls) every seventh day over a period of 22 weeks. 10, 17, and 22 weeks after the dye treatment was started 3-4 animals of each group were sacrificed and studied histologically. 3. In contrast to the in vitro findings of Shirahama et al. (1971), in vivo there is no acceleration of amyloid resorption by congo red. In the same way diamine green does not accelerate the resorption of amyloid. Evans blue produces a decrease in the amount of amyloid, but at the same time it causes wasting in the animals. Moreover, congo red and diamine green produce amyloidosis by themselves. 4. From our findings neither congo red nor the other amyloidaffine dyes studied, diamine green and Evans blue, are suitable for a therapy of amyloidosis. PMID- 804756 TI - Epithelial liver hamartoma, systemic arterial hypertension and renin hypersecretion. AB - The case of a 14-year old girl presenting with headaches, severe progressive hypertension and high plasma renin levels, in whom a voluminous epithelial liver hamartoma or adenoma was discovered at surgery is documented. The morphological characteristics of the hamartomatous abnormality are described and evidences are put forward which would suggest that the liver lesion might have been the site of the abnormal renin production which was responsible for the systemic arterial hypertension. PMID- 804757 TI - Calcifying tendinitis, an active cell-mediated calcification. AB - Biopsy specimen from 18 patients suffering from calcifying tendinitis were stained with different histologic and histochemical techniques. The results of these examinations seem to indicate that we are not dealing with a dystrophic calcification, but with a cell-mediated calcification of a living tissue. The process resembles an incomplete endochondral ossification. PMID- 804758 TI - Moschcowitz syndrome with involvement of the central nervous system. Light optical studies on the genesis of hemolytic anemia and vascular changes. AB - The origin of hemolytic anemia, the histogenesis of vascular changes and the origin of prethrombotic lesion are discussed in a typical case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with early neurological symptoms. The disease arose after exposure to a chloronaphtalene containing substance. In addition to the typical vascular changes of different age, early non-endothelialised and non obstructing aggregates of fibrin and thrombocytes are observed. Clusters of drop like deformed erythrocytes and elongated leucocytes are attached to their surface. These changes do not appear to have been reported previously in TTP. The fresh thrombi are regarded as being hematologically active. Support for their supposed causal relationship to hemolytic anemia is given by experimental data by Brain and Bull. PMID- 804761 TI - Metastasis of carcinoma of prostate to meningioma. AB - A carcinoma of the prostate in a 75-year-old patient metastasized to a clinically unknown meningioma. The metastatic deposit produced a sudden enlargement of the meningioma leading to pressure on the brain-stem and consequently causing a rapid fatal course of the disease. PMID- 804760 TI - [Pathoanatomical features of isolated congenital mitral stenosis in twins (author's transl)]. AB - The pathoanatomical features of isolated congenital mitral stenosis in female twins are presented. At the age of 7 months one of the infants underwent an emergency mitral valvotomy and died the next day due to mitral insufficiency. A total mitral valvectomy and an implantation of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis were performed on the second child at the age of 27 months. Death occurred 6 months later due to malfunction of the prosthesis caused by a circular fibrous endocardial bulge on both the atrial and ventricular side of the prosthesis. The bulging endocardial fibrosis may have been favored by a local thrombosis, which was found circularly around the bed of the prosthesis after it was removed. Since the child suffered from postoperative serum hepatitis, anticoagulants could not be applied on a regular basis in sufficient doses. The relation of the endocardial fibroelastosis to the congenital valve disease and the implantation of a prosthesis is discussed. The site of the postoperative valve in the first child and the state of the second child after implantation of the mitral valve prosthesis are discussed in detail. PMID- 804759 TI - The reaction of the cornea in vivo and in vitro to thermal stimulation: a contribution to the thesis by Busse-Grawitz. AB - In a test series with 15 rabbits a so-called central keratitis by means of a redhot needle was set in the left and right eye. The cornea of the left eye was immediately extirpated under sterile conditions and was observed in the tissue culture for 6 days. The corresponding right eye of the first rabbit was left within the animal's body, later it was extirpated after 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2 hours etc. up to 11 days histologically examined. In the explants following results were obtained. After the lesion is set the puncture site is devoid of epithelium. A double wall of cells lies closely around the crater. One-and-one-half hours later these large cells with more or less variably segmented nuclei demonstrate a strong proliferation. The characteristic nucleus form, the weakly positive naphthol-ASD-chloracetateesterase-reaction and the variable peroxydase-reaction of these cells resemble quite closely leucocytes in phenomenology and ferment histochemistry. We have therefore chosen the description leucocytoid cells. They are not leucocytes, but cells which originate from basal pluripotent epithelia of the cornea. The so-called central keratitis is not an inflammation in the sense of Marchand, it is rather a regenerative process. The thesis of Busse-Grawitz, that leucocytes in the cornea originate from collagen and elastic fibers or less than coccisized transitional forms, cannot be verified. PMID- 804763 TI - [Clinical importance of the test with hormone regulating secretion of the thyrotropic hormone]. PMID- 804762 TI - [Pseudomonas infections in the light of current bacteriological identification]. PMID- 804764 TI - Uses of transfer factor. PMID- 804765 TI - Hepatitis B antigen and prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis B. AB - Screening for hepatitis B antigen (HB-sAg) in the serum of blood donors and exclusion of antigen-positive blood units have reduced the frequency of post transfusion hepatitis but several cases of hepatitis B still occur in association with transfusions. One explanation for this is probably that HB-sAg is not an indicator of infectivity. Thus healthy carriers of the antigen seem to have low infectivity while carriers with chronic liver disease as well as donors incubating hepatitis B probably present a great risk. PMID- 804766 TI - Quantitative Rh typing of r-Gr-G with observations on the nature of G (Rh 12) and anti-G. AB - Quantitative blood typing data on Mr. R. B. (r-Gr-G), his wife (R1r), a daughter (R1r-G), and a niece (r-Gr) strongly suggest that these Rh phenotypes are directly indicative of actual Rh genotypes. If so, the antigenic products of r-G are weak Rh2(rh' or C), normal Rh5 (hr" or e), an expression of Rh12 (rh-G) equal to that produced by R-1,2,-3 (r' or dCe) and half of what is produced by R1 (R or D) genes in either homozygous or heterozygous expression, very weak expression of Rh19 (hr-S), absence of Rh31 (hr-B), and slightly weakened expression of Rh17 (Hr o or 'not D'). The LW status of r-Gr-G cells was equivalent to that of other Rh: 1 erythrocytes. Thus r-G resembles mutant r' in which only Rh5 is expressed normally. The weak Rh2 produced by r-G reacted much better with one Rh2 antiserum than with another. Rh21 (C-G) had been used to denote such additional reactivity, but one reagent that acted as anti-Rh2 in manual tests behaved like anti-Rh21 in instrumented tests. Therefore, anti-Rh21 may only indicate a more efficiently agglutinating anti-Rh2. Mr. R. B. showed no evidence of congenital stomatocytic hemolytic anemia characteristic of Rh-null or Rh-mod. Finally, anti-Rh12 eluates, recovered either sequentially from r'r followed by R2r or singly from r-Gr-G, agglutinated chimpanzee red cells more efficiently than did either anti-Rh1 (D) or anti-Rh4 (c), a result consistent with expectation for serological crossreactivity between Rh1 and Rh21. PMID- 804767 TI - Demonstration of the Rhesus haplotype CdE (r-y) in the genotype of 48 subjects from 8 families. Genotype CdE/CdE (r-yr-y) in 2 members of the same family. AB - Forty-eight individuals heterozygous for CdE (R-Y) haplotype were identified in the pedigrees of 8 kindreds containing 128 members. Two homozygotes CdE/CdE (r-yr y) were found in a large inbred kindred. Our study among French blood donors of the Seine-Maritime region demonstrated that about one of two individuals possessing the Rhesus phenotype CcdEd (rh'rh') carried the CdE (r-y) haplotype. PMID- 804768 TI - [Pularyl in the control of common external parasites in domestic animals]. PMID- 804769 TI - [Intravenous nutrition in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 804770 TI - [Intravenous nutrition and intensive care]. PMID- 804771 TI - [Skin regeneration in mammals]. PMID- 804772 TI - [Biochemistry and genetics of organic acid transport in bacteria]. PMID- 804773 TI - Congenital ventricular diverticula of the heart: two cases. PMID- 804775 TI - [Characteristics of the protein spectra of individual representatives of mycobacteria]. AB - A study of proteinograms of some strains of mycobacteria with the use of the method of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed that individual strains had characteristic protein spectra which could serve as one of the possible taxonomic characteristics. Analysis of proteinograms of three groups of mycobacteria (tuberculosis, atypical and saprophytes) by electrophoretic mobility of the fractions, with consideration to their homologous character and by the intensity of protein fractions in the mobility zones pointed to heterogeneity of the group of atypical strains and their greater similarity to tuberculosis mycobacteria than to acid-fast saprophytes. Proteinograms of strains H37 Rv and Bov-8 proved to be identical; a marked similarity between the protein spectra of M. avium and M. battey was revealed. PMID- 804774 TI - [Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - A study was made of the virulence of 137 strains of P. aeruginosa on a model of intraperitoneal infection of albino mice. The graded index of the 1/T effect (the value reverse to the time of mouse death, in days) was in direct relationship to the log of the culture dose. The optimal infective dose in tesing the strain virulence was a dose equal to 10-8-5 microbial cells. The virulence index V was a satisfactory index characterizing the strain virulence in the selected model of infection. V values of the strains studied were subject to the law of normal distribution. P. aeruginosa virulence failed to depend on the periods of strain storage (museum and freshly isolated) their origin (from man or animals) and the source of isolation (different localization of diseases in man). PMID- 804776 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulin fractions in the blood serum of El Tor cholera patients and carriers]. AB - The authors present the results of examination of patients and carriers of El Tor vibrios for the purpose of detection in their blood sera of individual immunoglobulin fractions. The content of three immunoglobulin fractions (A, G and M) was determined by radial immunodiffusion after Mancini in 118 blood sera of 50 patients with cholera and in 61 sera from 31 vibrio carriers. Blood sera of 23 apparently healthy persons were examined for control. It was found that in cholera patients the level of all the immunoglobulin classes was much greater than in healthy individuals; at the period of convalescence the IgA content increased, and the IgM content decreased. The blood sera of vibrio carriers displayed an equally high IgA and IgG level. There was no significant difference in the immunoglobulin indices in patients with a different severity of the disease. PMID- 804777 TI - [Immunoglobulin level (G, A and M) in healthy adults]. AB - The simple radial immunodiffusion method was applied to determination of the quantitative content of three principal classes of immunoglobulins (G, A and M) in 987 blood sera of healthy adults, Moscow residents, aged from 19 to 50 years (donors). Monospecific antisera and standard sera were used. Investigations were carried out in men and women of three age groups: 19--29, 30--39 and 40--50 years old. The mean level of immunoglobulins G, A and M was expressed in International Units (IU/ml) and in milligrams per 100 ml of the serum (mg%). The IgG and the IgM concentration proved to be higher in women than in men in all the age groups (the detected differences were statistically significant); as to the average IgA level no statistically significant differences were revealed either by age or by sex. As a result of these studies mean levels of immunoglobulin G, A and M were determined in the blood sera of adult healthy persons, Moscow residents; which could serve as the basis for comparing the immunoglobulin content under normal conditions and in different pathological conditions of the organism. PMID- 804779 TI - [Antibodies to group A streptococcal polysaccharides in erysipelas]. AB - In determination (in the precipitation reaction in agar gel) of antibodies to the polysaccharide (streptococcus, group A) in the sera of patients suffering from erysipelas there were revealed antibodies against the specific determinant of polysaccharide A. An increase in antibodies in the patients with primary and repeated erysipelas was observed from the second week of the disease; in patients suffering from relapsing erysipelas their titre was increased from the first days of the disease and persisted at this level during the whole observation period (4 weeks). The majority of the patients suffering from relapsing erysipelas 4 weeks and 6 to 12 months after the relapse displayed no changes in the serum antibody level, or its slight fall was seen. The duration of persistence of antibodies to polysaccharide A in testing at the remote periods after the relapse apparently depended on slow reduction of their level and was not associated with any new infection with streptococcus, since the great percentage of the patients studied at this period were subjected to bicillin-5 therapy. The data obtained served as an additional confirmation of participation of hemolytic streptococcus of group A in the development of erysipelas. PMID- 804778 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination inhibition reactions as a method of titrating immune serums. V. Application of the reaction to the quantitative determination of immunoglobulins A, M and G in human blood sera]. AB - The authors present the results of using the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test (IHIT) for quantitative determination of A, M and G immunoglobulins in the blood sera of humans in comparison with the method of radial immunodiffusion in agar (RID) after Mancini. The results of IHIT were no less precise and reproducible than those of RID. The significance of the correlation coefficient of grades after Spirman constituted greater than 99.9% for both tests. On this basis a conclusion was made that, having a number of advantages over RID, IHIT could be recommended for quantitative titration of immunoglobulins of various classes. PMID- 804780 TI - [Premorbid prognosis and diagnosis of toxinfection according to the enzymatic status of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils]. AB - On a model of an infectious process caused by intraperitoneal injection of S. paratyphi B to mice there were elaborated diagnosis of paratyphoid infection and premorbid prognosis of the disease by cytochemical indices. For the diagnosis of the infectious process the most informative of the cytochemical signs under study proved to be changes in the activity of succinic and alpha-glucerophosphoric dehydrogenases in the lymphocytes and particularly in neutrophils. Prognosis of the outcome of the infection was possible in some of the animals before the inoculation of the infection by the activity of NADPH2-diaphorase. PMID- 804781 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction of a cholera-like vibrion]. AB - A soluble cytoplasm and ribosomal fraction which were later subjected to gel filtration were obtained by disintegration and subsequent differential centrifugation from a cholera-like strain. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in gel showed that the ribosomal fraction contained up to 6 high-molecular antigenic components (including an O-antigen and the antigens identical to those of a cholerogen), and others; its low-molecular components (molecular weight 1.7-10-4 and lower) were inactive in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The soluble fraction of the cytoplasm contained up to 5 antigenic components, two of which represented thermolabile antigens of protein nature, and the rest, apparently--of carbohydrate. The soluble portion of the cytoplasm displayed antigens identical to the cholerogen of a cholera vibrio; low molecular components of the soluble cytoplasm (mol. weight--1.7-10-4 and lower) possessed no antigenic activity. The data obtained pointed to the possible intracellular formation of the cholera vibrio toxin. PMID- 804782 TI - [Possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody indirect method in detection of meningococci]. AB - It was shown that different representatives of the Neisseria genus had common antigens of protein nature, detected by the immunofluorescent method. Common antigens can be destroyed during treatment of bacterial smears with proteolytic enzymes; with preservation of group-specific antigens this considerably increases the specificity of the fluorescent antibody method in detection of meningococci. PMID- 804783 TI - [Allergenic fractions of Enterobacteriaceae. VI. Gel-chromatographic profile of intracellular protein antigens, forming the allergen-active substrate of enterobacteria]. AB - Allergeno-active protein substrate of enterobacteria (E. coli and R. rettgeri strains) was divided into 7 fractions with a different molecular weight with the aid of many-stage gel-filtration through Sephadex (G-50, G-75, G-100, G-150, G 200). A study was made of their biochemical composition, antigenic and protein spectrum, allergenic properties in the reactions of hypersensitivity of delayed type in vivo (skin tests) and in vitro (inhibition of macrophage migration). The principal part of allergenic activity was determined by components with a molecular weight of 30-150 and over 800 thousand. The majority of the antigens had a molecular weight of 30-150 thousand. A physico-chemical heterogeneity of immunologically affiliated components was noted. The allergenic substrate of the bacterial cell included a complex of molecular-nonhomogenous "strong" and "weak" protein allergens. PMID- 804784 TI - [Social factors in the epidemiology of intestinal infections]. AB - Epidemiological regularities of individual intestinal infections--morbidity dynamics, the spread along the territory among the urban and rural population, seasonality--were conditioned not only by biological peculairities of the causative agents, but also but the influence of the social factors on the formation of the epidemic process. PMID- 804785 TI - [Specific immune response and immunoglobulin production in intestinal infections. II. Methodological aspects of studying immunoglobulins in digestive tract secretions]. AB - Application of radial immunodiffusion for the study of immunoglobulins in the digestive tract secretion is described. Sensitivity of the method is increased by high dilution of antisera; precipitation rings should be recorded in the stained plates. To quantitate both serum and secretory IgA it is suggested that the secretions should be studied in parallel with two antisera--against the alpha chain (to determine the total IgA) and against SC (to determine the secretory IgA). It is recommended to calculate the amount of immunoglobulins per 1 mg of high-molecular protein precipitable by trichloracetic acid. PMID- 804786 TI - [Hemolytic and lethal properties of Ps. aeruginosa exotoxin]. AB - Hemolytic and lethal properties of tbe preparations of exotoxin obtained from three Ps. aeruginosa strains in cultivation of bacteria on a hard medium covered with cellophane were studied. The exotoxin possessed a high hemolytic activity and after intraperitoneal administration caused the death of mice in the course of 24 hours. A marked thermostability and a wide range of temperature conditions and of the pH of the medium for expression of the hemolytic activity of the exotoxin was noted. Four fractions (one of which--the protein one, rapidly moving in the direction of the anode possessed hemolytic activity) were revealed by paper electrophoresis. Lethal activity failed to correlate with the hemolysin titre. At the same time the lethal factor, as in the case of hemolysin, was precipitated by trichloracetic acid and practically failed to be precipitated by chloroform; thermal treatment (70 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 60 min) of the exotoxin failed to eliminate its toxicity; however, it somewhat delayed the periods of death of the animals. PMID- 804787 TI - [Extraction and characteristics of agglutinating sera to the O-antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - A method of preparation of antigens of Verder and Evans and a scheme of rabbit immunization suggested by them was used to obtain agglutinating specific O-sera to 12 type Ps. aeruginosa strains of Bulgarian and London collections. There was shown a principal correlation of the O-types of Ps. aeruginosa cultures of both collections. A possibility of using the sera obtained for typing the Ps. aeruginosa on glass was confirmed. Of 80 museum cultures 52 strains were typed; among them type 0-6 was frequently encountered. PMID- 804789 TI - [Vibriolysis in cholera and NAG-vibrios]. AB - The causative agent of classic cholera, vibrios of the El-Tor biotype and NAG vibrios produced on agar plates a substance which lysed killed indicator strains of the vibrios and the Gram negative bacilli, but was indifferent against the Gram positive bacilli. The action of the vibriolysins varied extending from the causative agent of classic cholera in the direction of saprophytes. PMID- 804788 TI - [Comparison of the protein spectra of typical and atypical mycobacteria using the disc electrophoresis method in polyacrylamide gel]. AB - Protein spectra of 19 strains of typical and atypical mycobacteria were studied. The advantage of protein extracts obtained from the living cells destroyed by press was shown in experiments of fractionation in polyacrylamide gel. On the basis of similarity indices of the protein spectra a conditioned scheme reflecting the extent of similarity of the cultures under study was drawn. there were revealed protein fractions common for the majority of the cultures studied; It was impossible to isolate the fractions strictly specific of individual groups. PMID- 804790 TI - [Group specific antibodies in generalized forms of meningococcal infection]. AB - Seroconversion was revealed in the indirect hemagglutination test with a stable erythrocytic diagnostic agent containing meningococcus antigen of serogroup A in 93.4% of patients with generalized forms of meningococcus infection. A study of the sera obtained at various periods of the disease from 168 patients showed that the antibodies increased sharply during the first days, reaching the maximum (1:2560--1:10240) on the 5th--10th day of the disease; then the titres decreased somewhat becoming stabilizaed at the same level up to recovery. In 75--92% of the persons of control group (patients with meningites of nonmeningococcal etiology, healthy persons and those suffering from gonorrhea) the antibody titre was not over 1:20--1:40; no dynamic increase in its level was noted. The diagnostic value of the reaction for differentiation of meningococcus etiology from other meningites is emphasized. PMID- 804791 TI - [Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination inhibition and radial immunodiffusion tests as methods of quantitative immunoglobulin determination]. AB - In comparison with the radial immunodiffusion method, the sensitivity of the indirect hemagglutination test in determining the concentration of immunoglobulins G, M and A in various biological substrates (blood serum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, feces) was 35--100 greater. Under the action of proteolytic enzymes immunoglobulin fragmentation led to increase in the concentration of the Ig indices (according to the data of radial immunodiffusion) and produced no effect on the indices of the indirect hemagglutination test; The latter should be used to determine the immunoglobulins in the external secretions characterized by a low content of the given proteins and a marked probability of their proteolytic splitting. In assessing the results of the indirect hemagglutination test it should be remembered that it was less precise and less reproducible than the radial immunodiffusion method. PMID- 804792 TI - Techniques for eliciting mucosal immune response. AB - Development of techniques for eliciting an immune response on mucosal surfaces is a relatively new area of clinical research. With the recognition of the existence of secretory immunity, independent of the systemic system, there was renewed interest in re-examining the conventional approach for optimal immunization techniques. A large body of data indicate that the majority of the secretory immunoglobulins and antibody produced to antigenic stimulation of mucosal surfaces is locally produced. Thus, antibody to C. albicans in the cervical or vaginal mucus has been shown to be of local origin and it predominantly belongs to the secretory IgA immunoglobulin class. The mechanism of antigen processing by the secretory surface leading to antibody formation remains a mystery, but it might be determined by the selective localization of antigens in the reticuloendothelial cells of the lamina propria, bronchi or small intestine. Usually application of antigen topically to the mucosal surface elicits local antibody formation to a greater extent than does parenteral immunization. On the other hand, a more pronounced systemic immune response is seen when the antigen is administered systemically. However, a number of other factors determine the quality and quantity of the immune response, e.g., the physical state of the antigen, live vs killed vaccine, dose, adjuvant, previous exposure to similar or cross-reacting antigens, and site of application of the antigen. These factors are discussed in the review. Recent observations suggest that cell mediated immunity is a component of the secretory immune system, and like the humoral mechanism, also may be partially compartmentalized. PMID- 804793 TI - Aplastic anaemia after exposure to a weed killer, 2-methyl-4-chlorphenoxyacetic acid. AB - A 64-year-old farmer developed aplastic anaemia after exposure to 2-methyl-4 chlorphenoxyactic acid while spraying weed killer. Muscular weakness, haemorrhagic gastritis and slight signs of liver damage occurred at the same time. All these symptoms, including blood dyscrasia , are consistent with those described as toxic effects of chlorphenoxyacetic acids in animal experiments. A causal relationship between aplastic anaemia and the 2-methyl-4 chlorphenoxyacetic acid thus seems probable. The anaemia was reversible, but the case serves as a warning that careful safety measures are required during the use of chlorphenoxyacetic acids and related compounds. PMID- 804794 TI - Classical factor X deficiency. Report of a further case. AB - A case of classical factor X deficiency is reported. The propositus is a 28-year old male who presented easy bruising, epistaxis, hematomas, hematuria and occasional hemartrosis since early childhood. The severely prolonged prothrombin time was corrected by normal serum but not by adsorbed normal plasma. The abnormality was not corrected by the plasma of a patient with factor X deficiency, but by the plasma of patients with factor II or VII deficiencies. Partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin consumption and the thromboplastin generation test were abnormal. The thromboelastogram showed a prolonged 'K' and 'r' together with a normal 'ma'. Factor X was very low (smaller than 1%). Platelet tests were normal. No factor X band or precipitates were seen on electroimmunoassay and on the cross-over electrophoresis. The non-consanguineous parents and several other members of the family were found to be heterozygotes. PMID- 804795 TI - Some aspects of erythropoietic cell proliferation in erythroleukaemia. AB - Cytophotometric-autoradiographic investigations on erythropoiesis in erythroleukaemia indicate (1) the decreased labelling index of erythroblasts is explained by an increased percentage of these cells in G-i; (2) 'megaloblastoid' basophilic erythroblasts show a more pronounced decrease of their fraction in DNA synthesis than morphological normal cells; (3) 'megaloblastoid' early polychromatic normoblasts represent a non-proliferating cell population, and (4) the detected disturbance of cell proliferation - even though temporary - can be reversed. PMID- 804796 TI - Different molecular weight of the plasmatic erythropoietin compared with the renal and splenic erythropoietic factors in the rabbit. AB - The authors have studied the molecular weight of the erythropoietic factors present in the blood, in the kidney and in the spleen of the rabbit, by means of ultrafiltration experiments performed by using selective-permeability membranes. The erythropoietic factor present in the blood circulation shows a molecular weight of between 10,000 and 30,000. The factors detectable in the microsomal fraction of normal kidney, in the mitochondrial fraction of anaemic kidney and in the mitochondrial fraction of normal spleen show molecular weights of between 50,000 and 100,000. These data confirm the hypothesis already formulated regarding the renal origin of the splenic erythropoietic factor and the different nature of the renal erythropoietic factor compared with the plasmatic erythropoietin. PMID- 804797 TI - Desaggregation of human red blood cells by various surface-active agents as related to changes of cell shape and hemolysis. AB - The effect of several surface-active substances (Na-oleate, Na-desoxycholate, Triton X 100, Pluronic F 38, Pluronic F 68, Pluronic F 108) on dextran-induced red cell aggregation (RCA) and red cell shape was investigated. Sedimentation measurements and photometric determinations of RCA indicated a desaggregating effect of oleate, Triton, F 38 and F 68. Shape changes were found in the presence of oleate and desoxycholate (crenation) and Triton (cup formation); in addition, these substances induced pronounced hemolysis. No hemolysis and no shape changes were found with any of the Pluronic polyols. PMID- 804798 TI - Vitamin B12 and vegetarianism in india. AB - Apparently healthy Indian lactovegetarians have significantly lower serum levels and urinary excretion of vitamin B12 as compared to non-vegetarians. The low levels of serum vitamin B12 in lactovegetarians are not due to defective absorption but to low dietary intake of this vitamin. Inspite of considerably low serum vitamin B12 values, the lactovegetarians have no apparent signs or symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency and their response to injected cyanocobalamin mixed with tracer radioactive B12, as judged by urinary excretion pattern and liver uptake, was similar to that observed in nonvegetarians. PMID- 804799 TI - Lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes in tocopherol deficiency. AB - Lipid peroxidation following exposure to H2O2 vapour was abnormally great in the erythrocytes from certain patients with low plasma tocopherol concentrations. Following treatment of such patients with tocopherol, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation was markedly reduced. The in vitro addition of tocopherol reduced lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes from both normal subjects and tocopherol deficient patients. PMID- 804800 TI - [Anti-U antibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. AB - The results of serological investigations in 23 patients with autoimmunohaemolyts anaemia (AIHA) and warm-type autoantibodies belonging to IgG immunoglobulins are presented. The serological specificity of autoantibodies was demonstrated in 8 cases, and in 4 of them specificity to single antigen of the Rh system was demonstrated, in the remaining 4 cases they were specific against U antigen. The method of identification of these autoantibodies and their characteristic features are described. Analysing the clinical course of AIHA in three cases with anti-U autoantibodies it was stated that was chronic, intermittently recurring and was not associated with proliferative disorders of the haematopoietic system. PMID- 804801 TI - Effect of zinc ions on structure and distribution of neurotubules (author's transl). AB - Being interested in factors stabilizing neurotubules (NTs) in situ, we decided to immerse short segments of fresh rat peripheral nerves in buffered solutions containing ZnCl2 in final concentrations up to 10-2 m prior to fixation with buffered osmium or glutaraldehyde, both containing ZnCl2. Zinc treatment resulted in a remarkable structural preservation of NTs after fixation with osmium, though they are not preserved by osmium fixation alone. Cross sections of myelinated nerve fibres show NTs arranged predominantly in compact groups. Within the groups NTs are surrounded or embedded in an electron dense fine granular material. The occurrence of incomplete C-shaped NTs and NT-like densities can be seen. NTs exhibit relatively constant distances and sometimes geometric patterns of arrangement. A lot of intertubule cross bridges and NTs with arms could be observed. In longitudinal section the bridge and arm spacing is seen to be periodic along the tubule axis at about 500 A. Zinc treatment of nerves fixed in glutaraldehyde resulted in the same ultrastructural alterations described above. The resistance of zinc-stabilized NTs to degradation by osmium and the ultrastructural changes induced by zinc are discussed. The results suggest that in the presence of zinc ions osmium-labile NTs are transformed--by disassembly and reassembly--to osmium-stabile microtubules that are not identical with preexisting ones. PMID- 804802 TI - Clinical listeriosis in renal allotransplantation. AB - Two cases of Listeria monocytogens meningitis among 212 kideney transplanted patients (total of 339 patient years of observation) under immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone are presented. Both cases developed shortly after an increase of the immunosuppression. The first case appeared in a 27-year-old man 5 days after a minor increase of the azathioprine dose from 75 to 100 mg/day. The course was relatively mild, and the patient was cured by tetracycline. The second case appeared in a 52-year-old woman 5 days after a massive increment of the steroid dose and adminsteration of a moderate azathioprine dose, carried out to revert a rejection of the graft. This case had a fulminant course and was complicated by Listeria sepsis with hemolysis, pronounced oliguria and thrombocytopenia leading to fatal internal bleedings, primarily in the brain. Considering the poor prognosis of this complication it is suggested that cytotoxic drugs are temporarily discontinued and the steroid dose reduced at the height of the infection. PMID- 804803 TI - Genetic and biochemical analysis of haemin dependent mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Numerous porphyrin auxotrophic mutants have been isolated from the 168 trpC2 strain of Bacillus subtilis by selection with streptomycin. Some of them could be supplemented with ALA while the majority grew only in the presence of haemin. Among the latter strains, the syntropism test allowed to distinguish two groups different in phenotype, viz., feeders accumulating ALA and non-feeders accumulating instead of ALA other porphyrin intermediates. On the basis of transductional studies, feeders and non-feeders could be divided into two and four groups, respectively. Biochemical investigation revealed that, with one exception, one enzyme of the porphyrin biosynthesis was coordinated to each hem locus. The following genes were identified:hemB yields ALA-dehydrase;hemC yields PBG-deaminase; hemE yields uroporphyrinogen decarboxylases; hemF yields coproporphyrinogen oxidase; hemG yields protoporphyrin-iron-chelatase. PMID- 804804 TI - Serovariants of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species. PMID- 804805 TI - The effect of some carbon substrates on morphology of flocs and quantitative relations among microorganisms in activated sludge. PMID- 804806 TI - Lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 804807 TI - Biosynthesis of heparin. PMID- 804808 TI - Metabolism of macromolecular heparin in murine neoplastic mast cells. PMID- 804809 TI - Prinzmetal's variant angina: hemodynamic and angiographic observations during pain. AB - Hemodynamic and angiographic data obtained during pain from four patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina are reported. The left ventricular pressure-time index did not increase before or during attacks of angina in three of the four patients; left ventricular systolic performance was impaired during pain in all three. In one of these three patients left ventricular pressure-volume data obtained during angina suggested a reduction in diastolic compliance; in another, pain and S-T segment elevation were present during coronary arterial spasm. The fourth patient had an increase in both arterial blood pressure and heart rate before an attack; in this patient coronary arterial spasm could not be demonstrated during the period of pain and S-T elevation. The data presented suggest that hemodynamic factors that increase the myocardial oxygen requirements are absent and that coronary arterial spasm is present in some, but not all, patients with variant angina. PMID- 804810 TI - Intrapulmonary airway morphology in three species of monkeys: a correlated scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - Intrapulmonary airways were studied in rhesus (Macaca mulatta), stumptail (Macaca arctoides), and bonnet (Macaca radiata) monkeys by correlated scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lobar, segmental, and subsegmental bronchi in all three macaques were lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed primarily of ciliated cells, mucous cells, and basal cells. Neuronal processes and cells containing dense-core vesicles were also observed. Terminal bronchioles in bonnet and stumptail monkeys were lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which included nonciliated branchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells. The arrangement of epithelium in terminal bronchioles differed slightly in rhesus monkeys. All three species had long respiratory bronchioles. They were lined by simple, nonciliated cuboidal and squamous epithelium which usually did not contain secretory droplets. Capillaries were often observed immediately below the luminal epithelium. Cuboidal cells containing dense-core vesicles were a rare component of the epithelium of respiratory bronchioles in stumptail monkeys. Alveolar ducts were lined by an epithelium composed of type I and type II cells. The results of this study indicate that there is general similarity in the mucosal structure of bronchi and respiratory bronchioles between macaques and man but that there are differences in the number of generations and epithelial lining of terminal bronchioles. PMID- 804811 TI - Hepatitis B antigen and antibody in active chronic hepatitis and other liver diseases in Australia. A multicenter collaborative study. AB - In a multicenter cooperative study, sera from 85 patients with active chronic hepatitis (ACH) were examined for the presence of hepatitis B (Australia) antigen (HBAg) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and antibody to HBAg (anti-HBAg) by RIA and passive hemagglutination (PHA), the most sensitive currently available techniques. In addition, sera from 83 patients with other liver diseases 98 other hospital patients, and 67 healthy controls were tested. HBAg was detected in 3 of the 85 patients (four percent) with ACH. In a further 3 patients (four percent) anti-HBAg was detected. Thus, 6 patients with ACH (seven percent) had evidence of present or prior infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBAg was also detected in 7 of the patients with other liver diseases, 2 of the other hospital patients, and none of the healthy controls. Anti-HBAg was detected in 17 of the non-ACH subjects. These results indicate that neither persistent nor prior self limited infection with HBV is a major factor in the pathogenesis of ACH in Australia. PMID- 804812 TI - Major complications of coloscopy: bleeding and perforation. AB - The overall frequency and types of complications associated with diagnostic coloscopy and coloscopic polypectomy are unknown. A statewide survey of coloscopists was conducted to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with coloscopy. Twenty-eight physicians performed a total of 1,106 coloscopic procedures. 9 colonic perforations and 5 episodes of colonic bleeding resulted in a 1.3% complication rate. Explanations for several of the complications are identified and preventive measures proposed. 1 patient died of an unrecognized perforation of the sigmoid colon, resulting in a 0.09% mortality rate. Of 14 complications reported in this series, 12 occurred during the early experience (less that 40 procedures) of the coloscopist. Training programs in coloscopy need to be established in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with a physician's early coloscopic experience. PMID- 804813 TI - Colonic epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in ulcerative colitis. An electron-microscopic study. AB - The following study cinfirms previously reported electron-microscopic findings in ulcerative colitis and agrees with the nonspecific nature of those findings. The study extends these observations in regard to relationship of PMN leukocytes, eosinophil leukocytes, and mast cells to colonic epithelial cells. Strong, though not conclusive, data that PMN and eosinophil leukocytes extensively invade epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis is presented. This finding also is not specific to ulcerative colitis and was found with much less frequency in Crohn's disease of the colon and in salmonella colitis. The presence of intravascular degranulation of PMN leukocytes in ulcerative colitis is confirmed. This study adds additional support to the concept that the major abnormality in ulcerative colitis resides within the colonic epithelial cell. PMID- 804814 TI - Immunologically-mediated renal disease in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - A patient with Walderstrom macroglobulinemia associated with nephrotic syndrome is described. Serum cryoglobulin and rheumatoid factor were absent. Intramembranous electron-dense deposits were demonstrated in kidney biopsy material by electron microscopy. Deposits of immunoglobulin G (IgG), M (IgM) and the third component of complement (C3) were identified in kidney biopsy tissue by immunofluorescent staining methods. The serum immunoglobulins were characterized by chromatographic and immunochemical methods and showed a monocional IgM-K, IgG K and gamma-chain piece of undefined structure. Free K- and gamma-chains were found in the urine. The IgM was not complexed to the IgG or vice versa, but the IgG was in an affregated form. Although it is not known which immunoglobulin initiated the tissue injury, IgG, IgM and complement deposits probably contributed to the renal dysfunction. The nephrotic syndrome diminished after treatemnt with chlorambucin and corticosteroids. PMID- 804815 TI - Nurse epidemiologist in the hospital. PMID- 804816 TI - Temperature rise required for production of minimal lesions in the Macaca mulatta retina. AB - Fundus temperatures of the rhesus monkey were measured with argon laser (488 nm) irradiations that produced minimal, ophthalmoscopically visible lesions five minutes after exposure. Measurements were made with 10- to 20-mu tip diameter, copper-nickel thermocouples. Preliminary data included measurements at eight paramacular sites and seven macular sites. The threshold temperature rise was 17 to 26 degrees C for a ten-second exposure at these sites. Decreasing the exposure duration to 20 msec increased the threshold temperature rise range to the interval between 30 and 40 degrees C. The temperature measurements in the eye were compared to a computer solution of the heat conduction equation. PMID- 804818 TI - Resistance of gluconeogenic and glycogenic pathways in obese-hyperglycemic mice. AB - The genetically obese-hyperglycemic mouse, C57 BL/6J-ob, exhibits hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. We have investigated the in vivo hepatic response to a glucose load in female obese mice and their lean littermates. Within 15 min after the administration of glucose (1.5 g/kg) to fasted lean mice, gluconeogenesis from [14C]alanine markedly decreased, endogenous hepatic levels of alanine and other gluconeogenic precursors increased, and glycogen synthetase was activated by virtue of an increase in the precent of synthetase I. These changes persisted up to 60 min and then returned to fasting values. In contrast, obese mice did not produce any of the above changes when given a similar glucose load. Failure to activate glycogen synthetase occurred despite the presence of synthetase D phosphatase activity. In lean mice [14C]glucose synthesis from [14C]glycerol exceeded that from [14C]alanine and was not suppressed by glucose administration, indicating the site of control of gluconeogenesis to be below the triose phosphate step. Insulin resistance in obese mice may involve the liver, as well as peripheral tissues studied by others. PMID- 804819 TI - A biological basis for the Oedipus complex: an evolutionary and ethological approach. AB - The authors propose that the Oedipus complex has a strong biological basis that is evident in observations of human prehistoric and nonhuman primate behavior. The groundwork for the oedipal phase is the peaking of human infantile sexuality at age five or six-a vestige of an earlier biological timetable. Other contributing factors include the high level of helplessness of human infants, the resulting high attachment needs, and the prolongation of development phases. Unsuccessful resolution of the oedipal phase may result when the mother's dominant status is lowered. The authors suggest that an understanding of the relationship between sex and rank and an wareness of ethological findings can broaden psychodynamic formulations and enrich the psychoanalytic therapy of sexual problems. PMID- 804817 TI - Animal model of Fusarium solani keratitis. AB - Because of the frequency of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium solani, we needed a sustained, progressive infection in an animal model to determine the mechanisms of pathogenicity and to evaluate the new antifungal agents. Pigmented rabbits interlamellarly injected with actively germinating conidia from lyophilized temperature-tolerant strains of F. solani produced sustained culture-positive ulcers in high percentage of eyes at two and three weeks, pretreatment with subconjunctival corticosteroids was necessary. Histopathology, although a poor index of infectivity since some corneas with plentiful hyphal fragments had negative cultures, simulated human fungal pathology. PMID- 804820 TI - The St. Louis Community Homes Program: graduated support for long-term care. AB - The authors describe a group-home program that has been operating successfully for three years in St. Louis, Mo. The program offers ex-mental hospital patients the opportunity to gradually acquire experience in living independently in the community. The success of a living arrangement in which an apartment is shared by a group of patients demonstrates long-term chronic patients can often adjust to minimally supervised living arrangements and that many ex-mental hospital patients can use this experience as a springboard to personal growth and eventual autonomy. PMID- 804821 TI - Immunosuppression following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx. PMID- 804822 TI - Results of surgical and radiation therapy in the treatment of liposarcoma arising in an extremity. PMID- 804823 TI - Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Analysis of coordinated therapy and results. PMID- 804824 TI - Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma): results of therapy. PMID- 804826 TI - Pancreatic abscess. A critical analysis of 113 cases. PMID- 804825 TI - The use of silicone compensators in radiotherapy. PMID- 804827 TI - Tetanus in patients three years of age and up. A personal series of 230 consecutive patients. AB - My experience with 230 patients with tetanus who were admitted to the intensive care unit of the Hopital Albert Schweitzer during a period of four years and four months is presented. We have observed a male predominance and the prognostic importance of age. The survival rate of over 84 per cent that we have achieved has resulted from the dedicated care of our nursing personnel and the collaboration of collegues of various specialties. Tetanus antitoxin, 10,000 units, is sufficient. Diazepam provides adequate relaxation and sedation. Gastrostomy and tracheostomy play a considerable role. PMID- 804828 TI - The effect of heavy orthopedic forces on the sutures of the facial bones. AB - The effect of heavy continuous orthopedic forces was studied in three Saimiri Sciureus (squirrel) monkeys. Two additional monkeys served as controls. The maxillary sutures were investigated microscopically. In addition, the bone markers (tetracycline, Procion Red H-8 BS) served for quantitative evaluation under ultraviolet light. After two weeks slight remodeling activity could be observed. After one month a tremendous activity was found in the sutures. The width of the sutures was two to three times enlarged. The regular tissue pattern of the sutures had changed to a mixture of precollagen and collagen fibers running in all directions with plenty of active cells. In the ultraviolet light there is a take up of markers at the sutural margins. After three months of treatment though, the sutures showed a similar pattern. The three zones of the sutures began to form again; osteoblasts were attached to the sutural margins and reorganization was relatively complete. PMID- 804829 TI - Conifer pollen allergy: studies of immunogenicity and cross antigenicity of conifer pollens in rabbit and man. AB - Immunologic and cross-reactivity studies of Cupressaceae antigens in the rabbit, and skin test results from suspected Junifer Cypress pollinosis patients, indicate that a large number of species of the Cupressaceae family are of possible allergenic importance in our mobile population in many areas of the United States and the world. PMID- 804830 TI - Lofflers endomyocarditis associated with bronchial asthma and eosinophilia. PMID- 804831 TI - Isolation of a bovine Theileria. AB - Dual infections of Anaplasma marginale and a Theileria, resembling Theileria mutans, occurred in splenectomized calves inoculated with pooled blood samples from eastern Texas cattle. Theileria was obtained in pure form by treating dually infected cattle with selectively eliminated Anaplasma. These theileria infections were responsible for mild, transient reductions in packed red blood cell volume (PCV). PMID- 804832 TI - The local immune response. PMID- 804833 TI - Adenoviral antigens (CELO, QBV, GAL). PMID- 804834 TI - Comments on adenoviral antigens (CELO, QBV, GAL). PMID- 804835 TI - Antigenic characterization of the inclusion body hepatitis virus. AB - Proof that inclusion body hepatitis of chickens (IBHC) is caused by a virus (IBHV) was established in 1973. Characterization of IBHV has been conducted by employing the standard criteria for virus classification. The results have indicated that IBHV is a member of the avian adenovirus group. However, no antigenic relationship was found between IBHV and two other avian adenovirus isolates (CELO and Indiana C) as observed by hemagglutination (HA) and virus serum neutralization tests. Another adenovirus isolate was found to be serologically different from IBHV (Tipton strain) but it incited typical IBHC in susceptible chicks. A novel antigen, detectable by the agar gel immunodiffusion test, was demonstrated in livers from chicks infected experimentally with IBHV. This antigen was able to give a specific precipitin reaction with serums from chickens previously exposed to IBHV. Repeated embryo passage of IBHV lowered its pathogenicity for susceptible chickens. Protection of chickens against IBHV challenge was obtained by vaccination with high embryo passage IBHV (Tipton strain). It was also found that subcutaneous administration of the vaccine virus induced a better immune response than the eye-drop route as observed by the virus serum neutralization index obtained. PMID- 804836 TI - Antibody response to avian mycoplasmas. PMID- 804837 TI - Studies on immunity to chlamydiosis in birds, with particular reference to turkeys. PMID- 804838 TI - Serologic classification of feline caliciviruses by plaque-reduction neutralization and immunodiffusion. AB - Serologic classification of 14 isolated of feline caliciviruses was carried out, using plaque-reduction neutralization tests. Sixty to 200 plaque-forming units of virus were employed against 20 antibody units of hyperimmune goat antiserums prepared to individual isolates. The results established that these viruses were related in various degrees, but no 2 were identical. Arrangements in order of the greatest intergroup reactions yielded essentially 1 serotype with the exception of 1 virus showing 1-way neutralization reactions with heterologous isolates. The geographic origin, the site of viral isolation, or the plaque size had no relationship with the neutralization pattern. The F-9 isolate that showed the greatest intergroup reactions was proposed as the possible reference virus. The viruses were indistinguishable by using gel-diffusion analysis against cat antiserums. PMID- 804839 TI - Chronic cholinergic stimulation of canine respiratory tissue. Its effect on the activities of glycosyltransferases and release of macromolecules. AB - The influence of cholingergic stimulation on the incorporation of D-[6 3H]glucosamine into macromolecules released by canine trachea in vitro, and the capacity of subcellular fraction of this tissue to catalyze the transfer of various sugars to specific glycoproteins were measured. Canine trachea was incubated with radiohexosamine for 18 hours in the presence of methacholine chloride. The [3H]macromolecules subsequently released were fractionated on columns of 1 per cent agarose. Those macromolecules eluted from the columns with a mobility identical to that of large molecular weight, mucin-type glycoproteins of canine tracheal pouch secretions collected in vivo were increased. The tissue then did not respond to further challenges with acetylcholine chloride, at least as regards the release of radiomacromolecular. In addition, in vitro challenges of methacholine chloride failed to alter the specific activities of the tracheobronchial tissue glycosyltransferases. The specific activities of 2 galactosyltransferases, a sialytransferase, and an N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase were elevated after 1 month and after 2 months of daily subcutaneous injections of methacholine chloride. No further increases were seen during the third month of injections; throughout the 3 months, the specific activity of fucosyltransferase failed to change. PMID- 804840 TI - World Health Organization studies on bacteriophage typing of mycobacteria. Subdivision of the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The ability of lytic mycobacteriophages to subdivide the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis reliably has been studied using a series of 100 strains isolated from cases of tuberculosis in the Netherlands. Techniques for the propagation and application of the viruses have been standardized, as have the conditions for growth and preparation of bacterial strains. On the basis of lytic results with 11 mycobacteriophages, it is proposed that the species Mycobacterium tuverculosis may be subdivided into at least 3 major phage types, A, B, and C, and into 2 subjects, Ax and A2. The reliability of the individual bacteriophage lytic result has been assessed, and the relationship between phage reliability and the degree of certainty with which a strain may be assigned to a phage type is described. The effect of rigorous standardization of techniques on the reliability of bacteriphage typing is demonstrated, and a standard protocol is proposed. PMID- 804841 TI - Positional nystagmus in association with macroglobulinemia. AB - Summary--Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is a malignant lymphoproliferative disease associated with a monoclonal macroglobulinemia. Most explanations of the cochlear and vestibular symptoms in this disease have dealt with vascular thrombotic or hemorrhagic phenomena. Five patients currently being treated for macroglobulinemia have been reviewed. Three patients gave a history of periodic dizziness and underwent extensive neuro-otologic examination. The results suggestsed an alternate mechanism for the pathophysiology of the vestibular disturbance in macroglobulinemia. Vestibular examination by use of electronystagmography provided information which suggest that the cupulae may be altered by the macroglobulins to act as gravity receptors. PMID- 804842 TI - Somatosensory receptors and their CNS connections. PMID- 804843 TI - The regulation of growth by endocrines. PMID- 804844 TI - [Some patterns in the distribution of free and bound monomycin in the organs and tissues of immunized animals]. AB - Distribution of unbound and bound monomycin in rabbits immunized against paratyphoid fever and colibacteriosis was studied at various stages of the immunization. The studies showed that the immunological reconstruction had a definite effect on the distribution character and the processes of the antibiotic binding in the vaccinized rabbits. The binding processes in the lymphoid cells increased, while those in the parenchimatose cells decreased. The concentration of the unbound and bound preparation in the organs and tissues at the background of the immunity was 2-3 times lower than that in the non-immunized animals. The bone marrow, where it markedly increased was an exception. PMID- 804845 TI - [Analysis of the dependence of the parameters of staphylococcal resistance to oxacillin established in various test systems]. AB - Resistance parameters of 17 clinical strains of Staph, aureus to oxacillin were studied with the methods of agar diffusion and serial dilutions in liquid and solid media. Statistically reliable correlation between the parameter values of resistance and growth inhibition zone diameters on diffusion into agar of 100 gamma of oxacillin was found. The latter method provided classification of the strains into groups with high, intermediate and low resistance levels. However, calculation of the resistance parameters according to the corresponding correlation equation was not enough correct for providing distinction in the resistance levels within the groups. PMID- 804847 TI - Stability of bacterial mutants in saline. AB - By storage in 1% NaCl, genetically characterized strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were stable for more than 1 year at 4 C. This method of preservation was more effective than maintenance of the strains in stab culture. PMID- 804846 TI - [Effect of the induction of beta-lactamase synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains on their resistance to penicillin]. AB - It was found that clinical strains of Ps. aeruginosa produced inducable beta lactamase in the presence of penicillins, such as benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin. The amount of beta-lactamase depended on the strain and the inductor type and increased with the inductor concentration increase. Benzylpenicillin was the most active inductor of the enzyme synthesis by Ps. aeruginosa, strain 649. In concentrations of 5000 gamma/ml it provided at least 100 times higher amounts of beta-lactamase as compared to the initial level. The dynamics of induction of the enzyme synthesis by Ps. aeruginosa, strain 649 on addition of benzylpenicillin (5000 gamma/ml of the medium) at various stages of the culture growth was studied. Maximum accumulation of induced beta-lactamase was observed on addition of benzylpenicillin to the medium 2 hours after the culture inoculation. The induced enzyme was mainly found in the bacterialcells. The culture treatment with toluol increased the amounts of the determinable induced enzyme 4-26 times, 30 to 80 percent of the induced enzyme were liberated from the cells into the supernatant. Dependence of the level of the culture resistance to benzylpenicillin and ampicillin on the induction rate of beta lactamase synthesis provided by the penicillins was found. No such dependence was observed with respect to the culture resistance to carbenicillin. PMID- 804848 TI - New method for the large-scale preparation of diphtheria toxoid: purification of toxin. AB - Diphtheria toxin of high purity was prepared in batch cultures of 1 to 40 liters by procedures capable of processing 200-liter batches without modification. The procedure incorporates preliminary purification of the growth medium and, after deep fermentation or sulfate culture of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, both concentration and partial purification of the toxin by membrane ultrafiltration. Final purification is achieved by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Purities of 2,000 to 2,500 flocculation units per mg of protein nitrogen (260 to 410 flocculation units per unit of absorbance at 280 nm) were routinely obtained with only a 10% loss of toxin. The toxin appeared pure on immunoelectrophoresis and ultracentrifugation, and only minor amounts of lower-molecular-weight impurities were revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Significant advantages of the procedure are its rapidity and reproducibility and the fact that all stages are performed at 4 C in neutral isotonic buffer. PMID- 804849 TI - Effects of bicarbonate on growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: replacement of gaseous CO2 atmosphere. AB - The effect of NaHCO2 on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures was studied in a liquid and a semisolid growth medium. With a broth culture, NaHCO3 (0.009 M) greatly reduced the lag phase and also increased the total growth. The same concentration of bicarbonate supported rapid growth when added to the semisolid medium if the plates were individually incubated in sealed plastic bags. In a container with a large air space, a higher concentration of NaHCO3 was necessary to support growth. The assimilation of 14C-labeled NaHO3 by growing cultures was also investigated. PMID- 804850 TI - H2 production by Selenomonas ruminantium in the absence and presence of methanogenic bacteria. AB - Selenomonas ruminantium is a nonsporeforming anaerobe that ferments carbohydrates primarily to lactate, propionate, acetate and CO2. H2 production by this species has not been previously reported. We found, however, that some strains produce trace amounts of H2 which can be detected by sensitive gas chromatographic procedures. H2 production is increased markedly, in some cases almost 100-fold, when the selenomonads are co-cultured with methane-producing bacteria. Growth of the methane-producing bacteria depends on H2 production by the selenomonads and the subsequent use of H2 for the reduction of CO2 to CH4. Although no free H2 accumulates in the mixed cultures, the amount of H2 formed by the selenomonads can be calculated from the amount of methane produced. These studies indicate that the conventional methods for measuring H2 production by pure cultures do not provide an adequate estimate of an organism's potential for forming H2 in an anaerobic ecosystem when H2 is rapidly used, e.g., for formation of CH4. PMID- 804851 TI - Transformation of elemental mercury by bacteria. AB - The fate and impact of elemental mercury in closed bacterial cultures were examined. The quantity of elemental mercury oxidized by bacteria ranged from small amounts for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter to essentially all of the added elemental mercury for Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium. The percentage of the total mercury in the system associated with bacterial cells ranged from 18.6 to 43.2%. Growth of the two Pseudomonas species was inhibited by elemental mercury, whereas growth of the other cultures was not distinguishable from that in mercury-free controls. No methylmercury was formed by the six cultures within 48 h. PMID- 804852 TI - Inexpensive device for the aerobic and anaerobic sampling of microorganisms in lake and shallow ocean waters. AB - An inexpensive device suitable for sampling microorganisms in water and easily constructed from readily available laboratory equipment is described. The need to transfer subsamples to culturing flasks after collection is eliminated by partly filling the sampling vessels with growth medium prior to sampling. The device is readily adapted for sampling different volumes, is simple and quick to operate, and is suitable for use with prereduced media. Contamination from layers others than that being sampled is insignificant. PMID- 804853 TI - Microbial fermentation of rice straw: nutritive composition and in vitro digestibility of the fermentation products. AB - Rice straw was fermented with Cellulomonas sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis. Microbial cells and undigested residue, as well as chemically treated (NaOH or NH4OH) and untreated straws, were analyzed for nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility. In a typical fermentation, 75% of the rice straw substrate was digested, and 18.6% of the total substrate weight that disappeared was recovered as microbial protein. The microbial cell fraction was 37% protein and 5% crude fiber; the residue was 12% protein and 45% crude fiber. The microbial protein amino acid profile was similar to alfalfa, except for less cysteins. The microbial cells had more thiamine and less niacin than Torula yeast. In vitro digestibility of the microbial protein was 41.2 to 55%, that of cellulose was 52%. PMID- 804854 TI - Preliminary studies of fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C in swimming pool waters. AB - During the summer of 1973 cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C were obtained from swimming pool waters at a training center for the mentally retarded. Isolates were subjected to selected physiological tests, pyocine typing, and immunotyping. High counts of P. aeruginosa or other fluorescent pseudomonads consisted mainly of single predominant types. Both P. aeruginosa strains and unidentified fluorescent Pseudomonas strains predominated in pool waters at different times. PMID- 804855 TI - New method for the isolation and identification of methanogenic bacteria. AB - A new technique is reported for the rapid growth and detection of methanogenic bacteria by using petri plates. The method employs an anaerobic glove box containing an inner chamber with separate gas-flushing facilities. The numbers of methanogenic bacteria recovered from domestic sewage sludge are comparable to those recovered by other methods. The methanogenic organisms isolated from sludge include Methanosarcina, Methanospirillum, Methanobacterium strain M.o.H., and Methanobacterium formicicum. Identification of colonies containing methanogenic bacteria is facilitated by taking advantage of the unique fluorescence properties of these organisms. Colonies as small as 0.5 mm can be detected by exposing them to long-wave ultraviolet light. PMID- 804856 TI - Plasmid distribution and evidence for a proteinase plasmid in Streptococcus lactis C2-1. AB - Five plasmids, distinguishable by their molecular weights (10(6), 2 x 10(6), 5 x 10(6), 10(7), 3 x 10(7), respectively) were isolated from Streptococcus lactis C2. A spontaneous proteinase-negative derivative of this strain lacked the 10(7) plasmid. PMID- 804858 TI - Reaction of ovine interstitial cell stimulating hormone with citraconic and maleic anhydrides. PMID- 804857 TI - Effects of cadmium on the growth and uptake of cadmium by microorganisms. AB - Six species of microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Actinomyces niger, were grown under suitable conditions in appropriate media. Cadmium chloride was added to provide 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mug of Cd per ml. At 40 and 80 mug of Cd per ml, E. coli and B. cereus grew well and the other species were repressed. Cd uptake patterns differed significantly among the species tested. The significance of these data with respect to Cd in food chains is discussed. PMID- 804859 TI - Prephenate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a regulated component of the channel-shuttle mechanism controlling tyrosine-phenylalanine synthesis. PMID- 804860 TI - The reaction of myelin phospholipids with phospholipase C and D. PMID- 804861 TI - Photoreactivating enzyme from euglena and the control of its intracellular level. PMID- 804862 TI - The role of glucolipid in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 804863 TI - The tyrosinase activity of melanosomes from the Harding-Passey melanoma: the absence of a peroxidase component in vitro. PMID- 804864 TI - Kinetics of affinity labeling the L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine transport system in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 804865 TI - Letter: Urethral diverticulum presenting as a penile cyst. PMID- 804866 TI - Immunodeficiency and infantile bone and joint infection. AB - Fifteen patients with infantile bone and joint infections were studied immunologically and clinically, 3 at the time of illness and 12 later. Abnormality of immunoglobulins, or complement, or phagocytes was found in 9 patients; 6 were within normal limits for the tests undertaken. Immunodeficiency is probably responsible for the subdued clinical signs of infection and for delayed diagnosis in some patients. It was also related to the extent of femoral head damage in infective arthritis of the hip and to the incidence of wound infection in late elective surgery. PMID- 804868 TI - Influence of tubercle aggregate size on severity of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. AB - Incorporation into Freund's complete adjuvant of tuberculous aggregates smaller than 90 mum in size is essential to produce adjuvant arthritis in the rat, and this correlates with a significantly greater degree of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculous antigens produced by small aggregates (smaller than 90 mum), when compared with large (larger than 90 mum) aggregates. This requirement for small aggregates to render Freund's complete adjuvant arthritogenic is not paralleled by detectable differences in antimycobacterial humoral antibody production nor by a size-dependent requirement for a conventional adjuvant effect. PMID- 804867 TI - Enteric fever in young Yoruba children. AB - Ninety-seven Nigerian children under 5 years of age had typhoid or paratyphoid fever proved by blood culture. The presented with fever, anaemia, gastrointestinal or neurological disturbances, and typhoid and paratyphoid appeared clinically indistinguishible. In this holoendemic malarial area, malaria was the most important differential diagnosis, and may have contributed to the concomitant anaemia seen in the majority of patients. Despite vigorous therapy with chloramphenicol or trimethoxazole, and blood transfusion where indicated, the mortality in both typhoid and paratyphoid was high (18% in both groups). PMID- 804869 TI - ECG as a prognostic instrument in Kwashiorkor. AB - Serial ECG studies were carried out on 32 cases of severe kwashiorkor and two cases of marasmus. Single readings were also carried out on 10 controls. In those cases which had a bad prognosis, particularly those that died, there was a marked shift of the axis of the mean QRS vector of the limb leads to the right. Those that did not deteriorate showed no such shift, and those that deteriorated but eventually recovered, showed a shift to the left in the recovery phase. No such shift was noted in the two cases of marasmus. I suggest that this shift in mean QRS vector could be a useful and accurate prognostic guide. PMID- 804870 TI - [Treatment of Laubry-Pezzi syndrome apropos of a case in a 7-year-old child]. AB - Report of one case of a Laubry and Pezzi syndrome. In spite of the already severe aortic incompetence at the age of 4 years, operation was postponed. Three years later, at the first signs of bad tolerance of the aortic incompetence the operation was undertaken including: -- closure of the ventricular septal defect by a patch, and correction of aortic incompetence by a metallic-ball Starr's prosthesis n 9. After an observation period of 18 months, the result of operation is satisfactory, in spite of signs of haemolysis. Comparison with the data from the literature led to the following conclusions: 1) in a patient with ventricular septal defect the demonstration of a diastolic murmur indicates closure of the septal defect. 2) When the aortic incompetence is a severe one, it should be corrected urgently, whatever the age of the child, if badly tolerated. In the very young child, if it is well tolerated, the operation might be postponed in view of the difficulties of plastic operations and the hazards of prostheses in such patients. 3) A moderate aortic incompetence constitutes the most difficult indication; a conservative operation seems to be preferable to a valve replacement by a prosthesis, a homograft or a heterograft. The results obtained by some techniques of valvular plasty after observation periods amounting to 12 years are considerable. PMID- 804871 TI - [Biopsy of the pericardium. Diagnostic value in subacute and chronic pericarditis, apropos of 70 cases]. AB - The aetiology of pericarditis is often difficult to assess. To try to clear up this problem, a pericardial biopsy through a left lateral thoracotomy was performed in 70 cases in which the cause could not be established by the usual means (including pericardial paracenthesis in 32 cases). They included either subacute pericarditis, dry or with effusion (biopsy being undertaken as an average 45 days after the clinical onset), or chronic pericarditis with effusion. Tuberculosis was thus demonstrated in 14 cases (8 of which were aged more than 60 years), inaugural pericardial tumours in 8 and suppuration in 3 cases. Microscopical examination gave support to pathogenic hypotheses concerning cholesterol pericarditis (5 cases) and multi-recurrent pericartitides (6 cases). By elimination with a high probability) of tuberculosis and tumours, it demonstrated definitely the diagnosis of post-radiotherapy pericarditis with effusion (4 cases) pericarditis with normal serous membrane (4 cases) and "idiopathic" forms (23 cases of common sclerogenous subacute inflammation). The inocuity of this method, its more accurate results than those obtained by cytological and bacteriological examination of the pericardial fluid obtained by paracenthesis, should induce to consider this procedure more often in the cases of pericarditis when the aetiology remains doubtful; not to mention the benefit derived from surgical drainage which results in a quicker and more complete cure than repeated paracentheses of chronic and subacute pericardial effusions. PMID- 804872 TI - [1st and 2d degree atrio-ventricular blocks caused by disorders of intra auricular conduction]. AB - In three cases collected among subjects with atrial anatomical lesions (two cases of "sinus disease" with partial atrial paralysis and one traumatic lesion of the right atrium in a WPW syndrome), atrial pacing demonstrated a considerable increase of the interval between stimulus and atrial response or intra-atrial Luciani-Wenckebach periods, for slightly increased pacing rates. Conduction changes into the right atrium explain apparently paradoxical variations of the degree of pre-excitation under pacing, in the case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 804873 TI - [A surgical series of 128 cases of mitral insufficiency caused by chordae tendineae rupture]. AB - In relation with 128 cases of surgical operation for mitral incompetence through ruptured chordae tendinae, the aetiological, anatomical and clinical characteristics of these cases were described. Bacterial endocarditis and spontaneous rupture were present in 77 percent of cases. In 94.4 percent of the cases, the patient coming to operation was in a high functional class (class III and IV of the NYHA). Operation included valve replacement in 100 cases (by a Starr-Edwards prosthesis), while the mitral valve was preserved in 28 patients. The conservative operation presently performed combined the resection-suture of the deinserted area and a reconstitutive valvuloplasty over a Carpentier's ring. Results of this surgery are good in more than 90 percent of the cases. PMID- 804874 TI - [Measurement of mean pulmonary pressures and right systolic ventricular pressure by radiocardiography]. AB - Computer exploitation of some parameters of the radiocardiogram and of the pressures measured by catheterization in a series of 678 subjects, studied both in Paris and in Prague, has made it possible to establish regression equations providing the rates of mean pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures together with the systolic right ventricular pressure on the basis of the radiocardiogram data. The latter was obtained by the conventional technique of the isotope dilution curves or by gamma-angiocardiography. Easy repetition of radiocardiography makes it an interesting investigation for the haemodynamic follow-up of the patients with heart disease. PMID- 804875 TI - [Acute bacterial endocarditis]. AB - Acute endocarditides, defined by the intensity of the infectious syndrome, increase rapidly in incidence, both in absolute number and in relation with classical subacute endocarditides. 60 cases were studied out of a lot of 130 cases of bacterial endocarditides. They are characterized by the nature of the portals of entry, particularly in hospital, the nature of the causal germs (staphylococci and gram-negative germs essentially), their habitually primary character, the importance of embolic manifestations. Cardiac failure through valvular mutilation is common, but surgical valve replacement is not always possible in view of the visceral or infectious context. Their overall prognosis is a very bad one: lethality 67 percent as against 15 percent for subacute endocarditides. An important part of prevention lies in a better hospital hygiene. PMID- 804876 TI - [Atrio-ventricular canal. Apropos of 47 operated cases]. AB - The authors present their experience of this "bad reputation surgery". The operations performed ranged from pulmonary artery banding to complete reparation of A and B forms. They insist on the value of the assessment during operation of the quality of valvular repair. PMID- 804877 TI - [Abnormalities of the renal arteries in arterial hypertension in adults]. AB - Results of arterial surveys on the basis of renal arteriograms in 100 consecutive unselected and hospitalized cases of lone arterial hypertension of the adult. Abnormal polar arteries with direct branching from the aorta were observed in 52 cases, combined with a stenosing or parnechymatous arterial anomaly in 7, quite isolated in 45 cases (61.8 percent of 73 cases). The very great incidence of abnormal polar arteries is a fundamental epidemiological datum of lone arterial hypertension of the adult. PMID- 804878 TI - [The jugular pulse in constrictive pericarditis. Correlations between hemodynamics and external recordings]. AB - The contours and chronologic changes of the jugular pulse curve have been studied in relation with 15 cases of constrictive pericarditis and compared with 17 cases of normal jugulogram. The diastolic venous collapse was found in 8 of 15 cases only. On the contrary, the pulse contour was normal in three cases, while the haemodynamic results were intensely abnormal. Inversely, some tracings with a diastolic venous collapse did not correspond to pericardial construction. More specific signs for cardiac restriction were looked for on the side of chronologic changes. The method of synchronous tracings makes it possible to measure the Q-Y, S2-Y and S2-V intervals. A significant correlation was established between the values of the Q-Y and S2-Y intervals and the mean right atrial pressure. By comparison with normal jugular vein tracings, each interval was given three zones of value (normal, intermediate, pathological). One may thus determine that pericardial constriction is severe when a minimum of two intervals was pathological, the third one having an intermediate value. Pericardial constriction was moderate when two parameters were pathological and the third normal, or when one parameter only was pathological, the other two having intermediate values. In all other cases, there was no pericardial constriction, whatever the contour of the jugular venous curve. PMID- 804879 TI - [Myocardial infarct in 2 stages]. AB - The two-step myocardial infarction is defined by a peculiar course: the initial stage is a temporary rudimentary infarction, the late stage a typical transmural necrosis, separated by a free interval of a variable duration. A coronary arteriography undertaken when the recurrence starts might eventually lead to recommend an emergency operation: two-step myocardial infarction might represent one of the best indications for emergency aorta-to-coronary artyery by-pass operation. PMID- 804880 TI - [Myocardial bridge compressing the anterior inter-ventricular artery. Apropos of a successfully operated case]. AB - Report of the case of a 26-year-old male patient, presenting with left-sided thoracic pains combined with electrocardiographic changes. Coronary arteriography demonstrated the presence, during systole, of a long, semi-localized stenosis of the anterior interventricular artery. Operation consisted only in the section of the myocardial bridge enclosing the artery on 4 cm. The clinical and coronary arteriographic result was perfect. No report of a similar case could be found in the literature. PMID- 804882 TI - [Post-traumatic interventricular communication. Closure under extracorporeal circulation]. AB - Report of one case of acquired traumatic interventricular septal defect due to a stab injury of the right ventricle by a knife. The highly-placed penetrating injury involved the muscular septum and very probably resulted in a right bundle branch block of the His system. Surgical operation performed in view of a starting clinical intolerance with moderately increased right cardiac pressures, was done under ECC with easy suture of the septal wound. The post-operative course was normal and a quick clinical cure was noted, which persisted for 8 months after surgery. The interest of this case, in addition to the very severe condition of the patient who had sustained 11 stab-knife wounds, lies in the high localization of the septal wound, which explains the involvement of the intracardiac conduction pathways. PMID- 804881 TI - [Acute coronary thrombosis in a 28 year-old woman]. AB - A 28-year-old woman, with no previous cardiovascular history, was hospitalized for myocardial infarction complicated by bifascicular block followed by complete atrio-ventricular block with a regressive course. A coronary arteriography performed on the 10th day demonstrated a thrombosis of the anterior interventricular artery, the rest of the coronary network being normal. The influence of a dyslipidaemia and the taking of oral contraceptives was discussed as an aetiology. PMID- 804883 TI - [Epicardial cartography and surgical treatment by simple ventriculotomy of certain resistant re-entry ventricular tachycardias]. AB - Intraventricular reentry has been prooved by pre-operative electrophysiological studies in two patients without coronary artery disease and resistant ventricular tachycardia. A simple ventriculotomy oriented by epicardial mapping during tachycardia was successfull with a background of 9 and 14 months respectively. In addition, delayed epicardial potentials put into evidence an intraventricular reentry in human myocardium. This new method holds promises for the treatment of some resistant ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 804885 TI - [Coronary thrombosis and long term anticoagulant treatment. Results of 173 autopsies after myocardial infarction]. AB - Report of an anatomical-clinical study concerning 173 patients with an average follow-up period of 5 and 1/2 years after the onset of myocardial infarction. They were subdivided into four comparable groups differing only in the quality of the long-term antivitamin K treatment which was administered. A survey of the coronary artery and myocardial lesions was performed for every heart. Acute occlusive coronary artery thromboses were four times less frequent in the correctly treated group then in the other three groups (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the insufficiently treated groups and the untreated group. Recurrent myocardial infarctions were accompanied in 90 per cent of cases by acute occlusive coronary artery thromboses and were four times less frequent when treatment was efficient (p less than 0.001). These results confirm the part played by coronary artery thrombosis in the aggravation of coronary atherosclerosis and justify the attempts at long-term prophylaxis. The provide the proof that antivitamin K administration, at efficient dosage, maintained for a long time, has a significant influence on the cause of death in these patients, by decreasing the number of coronary artery thrombosis. Long-term anticoagulant treatment, in spite of its haemorrhagic complications and limits, should not be given up until a new efficient treatment is available. PMID- 804884 TI - [Modifications of contractility after left ventriculography. A new test in evaluation of myocardial function]. AB - The action of the contrast material over the various contractility indices was assessed five minutes after left ventriculography. There was an increase of the contractility index in normal subjects. On the contrary, in coronary patients, the contractility function remained unchanged or was depressed, related to the presence or not, of signs of cardiac failure. Depression of the various indices was noted in subjects with primary cardiomyopathy. After recalling the mechanism of action of the contrast products on the cardiovascular haemodynamic parameters, the following practical conclusions were drawn in relation with a series of 65 cases of coronary heart disease: the late diastolic left ventricular pressure remained lower than 20 mmHg after ventriculography in the subjects with a normal ejection fraction; it incraeased between 20 and 30 mmHg in most of the subjects with an ejection fraction ranging from 0.4 and 0.6, finally it was constantly found above 35 mmHg in the subjects with severely disturbed ventricular contraction with an ejection fraction lower than 0.4. These results underline the interest of this simple test, easy to perform, consisting in measuring the left ventricular late diastolic pressure before and 5 minutes after left ventriculography. PMID- 804886 TI - [Course of telesystolic mitral insufficiency. Apropos of a case followed for 7 years and operated on]. AB - One case followedup for 7 years with progressive intensification of regurgitation, requiring a surgical operation at the age of 48 years, brings its contribution to knowledge of the natural history of late systolic mitral incompetence and of the anatomical lesions causing it. The presence of prolapsed posterior leaflet, of stretched chordae tendinae, of both septal and parietal muscle hypertrophy with biloculation of the ventricular cavity were suggested by angiocardiography and confirmed by operation. A review of the literature reporting the cases with operative or post-mortem verification poses the unresolved question of the diagnostic criteria of late systolic mitral incompetence at the stage of cardiac failure. PMID- 804887 TI - [Values of glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate as metabolic indicators of myocardial ischemia in humans]. AB - In 34 patients with coronary atherosclerosis a pacing test was performed with measurement of the lactate, glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate coronary arterio-venous differences. Eighteen of these 34 patients felt no pain during the pacing test. In this group of asymptomatic patients, there was no significant change of the lactate, glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate myocardial extraction. In the 16 patients who felt an anginal pain during the pacing test, there was a significant myocardial production of lactate, but the myocardial loss of potassium and inorganic phosphate was not continuously statistically significant. Myocardial extraction of glucose during the pacing-induced angina did not increase. Although, in some patients, both the potassium and the inorganic phosphate might be used to assess a condition of myocardial ischaemia, the lactate remains the best metabolic criterion for pacing-induced ischaemia. PMID- 804888 TI - [Left atrio-ventricular parachute valve. Clinical, angiocardiographic and anatomic study, presentation of 6 cases]. AB - Report of 6 cases of parachute left atrio-ventricular valve, combined with complex malformations in 4. Age ranged from 24 hours to 9 years, five of them being less than 3 months old. Four girsl and two boys. All were examined post mortem and two had angiography and chateterization. This series was compared with those described in the world literature. PMID- 804889 TI - [Anatomic aspects of Prinzmetal's angina: apropos of an anatomo-clinical case]. AB - Report of one case of Prinzmetal variant of angina pectoris with a typical clinical and electrocardiographic picture in a man aged 87. Severe arrhythmias resulted in death of the patient. On autopsy a moderate narrowing of the anterior interventricular artery was demonstrated. In that relation, a review of the literature on the anatomical lesions and coronary arteriographic data of Prinzmetal angina was performed. It showed that in some cases Prinzmetal angina could be observed while the coronary artery lesions were very moderate. The pathogenesis of these facts was discussed. PMID- 804890 TI - [Infarction with late disappearance of the Q wave. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - A selective coronary arteriography was performed in 30 subjects with myocardial infarction, after disappearance of the necrosis wave. The angiographic characteristics of this group when compared with a series of infarctions, unselected by the clinical course, wers: a decreased severity index; a better development of the compensatory circulation; and a lesser frequency of severe disturbances of ventricular dynamics. Disappearance of the Q wave might be explained by a very distal occlusion in 2 cases, by a recanalization in 4 cases and by a very intense development of the collateral circulation in 8 cases. One subject had a normal coronary arteriography. PMID- 804891 TI - [Coronary diseases in the black African. Apropos of a 2d group of 50 patients. Diagnostic and epidemiological aspects]. AB - 1. Study of a group of 50 patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. This is a complement to a previous study concerning "definite" coronary patients. 2. The method followed consisted in cross-examination of the files by three observers in order to separate the subjects who seemed really affected by coronary artery disease. This treble examination led to a rather restrictive selection. To facilitate the study, the patients were subdivided into 4 groups: patients with arterial hypertension, with diabetes mellitus, with cardiac failure, with a heart disease and miscellaneous patients. 3. The study of the 20 files which were discarded was peculiarly interesting as it provided the opportunity to underline the differential diagnosis either with common diseases (left ventricular overload, heart block, brain vascular accident), or with more specific diseases for Black Africa (endomyocardial fibrosis, aneurysm of the left ventricle, cardiomyopathy). In that respect, it is underlined that, in the absence of any anatomical or functional disease, the electrocardiogram of the healthy Black is identical to that of the White. 4. Study of the 30 patients considered as coronary made it possible to underline aetiological and epidemiological factors, although some are still lacking. However the facts observed could be compared with those reported in a previous work concerning 45 "definite" coronary patients. The overall documents thus gathered in 75 patients suggest that the African candidate to coronary artery diseases resembles his Occidental homologue, but that he might have kept a traditional diet. PMID- 804892 TI - [Funnel-chest and cardio-pericardial pathology, apropos of 2 cases treated by pericardioplasty and parietal remodelling]. AB - Numerous pathogenic hypotheses were put forward to explain the Funnel Chest. It is possible that the origin of this malformation is not related to an involvement of the thoracic wall or the diaphragm, but rather to a negative pressure behind the sternum which is attracted by inspiratory movements, this resulting in, and aggravating the malformation. This negative pressure of the anterior mediastinum would result from an absent cardiac mass which was displaced leftward, favoured by an enlarged and flaccid pericardial sac. Haemodynamic examination of the subjects with a funnel chest has a two-fold interest: it provides the data for a physiopathologic study. Particularly the measurement of the right ventricular pressure which becomes negative on deep inspiration. On the other hand, it makes it possible to demonstrate the presence or the absence of any cardiac lesion combined with the deformity. The angiographic pictures demonstrate the distortion of the right ventricular chamber in particular, and the elongation of the inferior vena cava. Among the various classical treatments, some aim at cosmetic improvement, others at thoracic wall correction. However, the latter do not prevent recurrence in the child, and are too severe a procedure in the adult. This is why a new treatment is put forward, on the basis of the new pathogenic considerations: repositioning of the cardiac mass displaced leftward, after a pericardoplasty, combined with remodelling of the excavated thoracic wall. Thus cardiac reposition into the anterior mediastinum avoids a long-term recurrence of the deformity. In our experience, pericardioplasty combined with thoracic wall remodelling has given good results, both immediate and delayed, in the two cases in which it was performed. A longer series, particularly on the younger child, is necessary to form an opinion on the value of this procedure. PMID- 804893 TI - Myelopathy associated with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. AB - Myelopathy due to compression of the cervical spinal cord by thickened dura developed in a patient with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. During the last trimester of pregnancy there was severe neurological deterioration with spastic quadriparesis and impairment of sphincter function. Two months after delivery ther had been no improvement, so a cervical laminectomy and longitudinal splitting of the dura from C-5 to the foramen magnum was done. Good return of function resulted. PMID- 804894 TI - Dyskinesia-an unusual reaction to ethosuximide. AB - A 15-year-old girl was given two 250-mg doses of ethosuximide because of petit mal seizures. Within hours of taking the first pill she developed an acute reaction involving dyskinetic movements of the face, arms, and legs. These were abruptly and completely relieved by an intravenous injection of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. PMID- 804895 TI - Benign focal epilepsy of childhood. A follow-up study of 100 recovered patients. AB - Benign focal epilepsy of childhood is an entity that includes characteristic clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations. Clinically, it consists of typical brief, hemifacial seizures that tend to become generalized when they occur nocturnally. The EEG findings include slow, diphasic, high-voltage, centro temporal spikes, often followed by slow waves. Retrospective and prospective studies were carried out on 100 such patients, all of whom recovered before reaching adulthood, with the disappearance of both the clinical manifestations and the EEG findings. PMID- 804896 TI - Effects of fixation and demineralization on the intensity of autoradiographic labelling over the periodontal ligiment of the mouse incisor after administration of [3H]-proline. PMID- 804897 TI - Anatomically-dependent facilitation and inhibition of hypothalamic self stimulation by food deprivation. PMID- 804898 TI - [Paper- and immunoelectrophoretic as well as nephelometric studies on serum proteins in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 804899 TI - Interconversion of thymine and thymidine in a thymine requiring strain of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 804900 TI - UDP glucuronyltransferase and phenolsulfotransferase from rat liver in vivo and in vitro. Characterization of conjugation and biliary excretion of harmol in vivo and in the perfused liver. PMID- 804902 TI - Competitive inhibition of glucuronidation by p-hydroxyphenyl hydantoin. PMID- 804901 TI - The influence of n-hexane treatment on the glucuronic acid pathway and activity of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in guinea-pig. PMID- 804904 TI - Oxidation of N-nitrosopiperidine in the Udenfriend model system and its metabolism by rat-liver microsomes. PMID- 804903 TI - Nature of the enhancement of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. PMID- 804905 TI - Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840, Voltaren), a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 804907 TI - Microscope immersion oils: effects of skin application on cutaneous and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 804906 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase and histaminase (diamine oxidase) activities in rat thymus and their relationship to the thymus lymphocyte. PMID- 804908 TI - [Determination of acid alpha 1-glycoprotein by electroimmunodiffusion (EID). Technical note]. PMID- 804909 TI - Surgical emphysema as a complication in endodontics. PMID- 804910 TI - Role of sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Fourteen patients with acute myocardial infarction were given 0.3 mg sublingual nitroglycerin within the first 12 hours of their acute myocardial infarction. Five minutes after sublingual nitroglycerin mean arterial pressure fell 9 mmHg (1.2 kPa) and remained significantly reduced for 30 minutes. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from a mean control value of 17 to 12 mmHg (2.3 to 1.6 kPa) and also remained reduced for 30 minutes. Heart rate was significantly raised and stroke work index reduced at five minutes. Patients with a stroke work index of greater than 55 g m per m-2 b.s.a. responed to nitroglycerin with a fall in both pulmonary capillary wedge pressue and strokework index while in those with a stroke work index of less than 55 g m per m-2 b.s.a. stroke work index did not fall concomitantly with the fall in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. In one patient, nitroglycerin led to a precipitious fall in arterial pressure andrecurrence of chest pain. PMID- 804911 TI - Immunoglobulin M in human amniotic fluid and its possible association with neural tube malformations. AB - Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was found in the amniotic fluid from two fetuses with neural tube defects but no in that from normal fetuses. The possible associations of IgM with abnormalities of the central nervous system are discussed. PMID- 804912 TI - Editorial: pathogenesis of retinopathy in malignant hypertension. PMID- 804913 TI - Pathogenesis of hypertensive retinopathy. An experimental study in the monkey. AB - Retinal changes in accelerated hypertension were studied in seventeen monkeys with experimental hypertension by means of ophthalmoscopy and colour and flourescence photography during life, and by injection and digest preparations and light and electron microscopy after the animals had been killed. Cotton-wool spots developed in all but three monkeys. The arteries became tortuous and dilated and the light reflex decreased in those animals that became hypertensive. The earliest abnormality was a development of many points of fluorescein leakage on terminal arterioles or small arteries. Such leaking points were always present in relation to cotton-wool spots but were not confined to such areas. Focal narrowing of arteries was not observed but arteriolar occlusion and retrograde filling of the distal segment was present in three animals. Superficial linear haemorrhages were noted in five animals. Light microscopy revealed cotton-wool spots which were identical to those observed in man with a collection of swollen axons containing densely staining pseudonuclei. Study of the arterioles by electron microscopy showed findings ranging from normality to extensive necrosis. Many precapillary arteries were constricted and some were virtually occluded. Degenerative changes were present in smooth muscle cells in the wall of many of the constricted arterioles. Many arteries also showed insudation into their wall of plasma which had seeped into the muscular coat displacing and sometimes entirely replacing the smooth muscle cells. Except for arterioles with advanced necrosis, there was no indication of how plasma insudation occurred. Two arterioles with extensive necrosis showed a break within the endothelial cell cytoplasm through which penetration of plasma proteins had probably occurred. The extravascular tissues showed collections of amorphous material, sone of it with the typical banded configuration of fibrin. The sequence of events proposed to explain these features is as follows: (1) The arterioles constrict as the pressure rises, most likely as a result of vascular autoregulation. This may head to occlusion of the precapillary arterioles and is associated with necrosis of vascular smooth muscle. (2) Dilatation then occurs with insudation of plasma into the unsupported wall through a damaged endothelium. This stage probably corresponds to the autoregulatory break-point and is evidenced clinically by focal leakage of fluorescein. (3) Progressive plasma insudation into the vessel wall with further muscle necrosis results in secondary occlusion and the typical picture of advanced fibrinoid necrosis. PMID- 804914 TI - A trial of cromoglycic acid in recurrent aphthous ulceration. AB - In a random double blind trial with crossover on 24 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) cromoglycic acid tablets significantly reduced the pain experienced when compared with placebo but did not reduce the number of days with oral ulceration present. Of the 15 patients completing the trial, 12 preferred CGA to placebo, two preferred the placebo and one had no preference. It is concluded that the cromoglycate compounds may have a valuable part to play in the symptomatic relief of RAU. PMID- 804915 TI - An IgM Waldenstrom with specificity against phosphorylcholine. AB - Anti-phosphorylcholine specificity has recently been shown to occur with relatively high incidence among IgA myeloma proteins secreted by oil-induced plasma cell tumors in the BALB/c strain of mice. A similar screening of human myeloma sera indicates that in man activity for phosphorylcholine is very rare. Among 904 human sera containing IgG, IgA, and IgM M-components only one reacted with phosphorylcholine-containing antigens. This serum was obtained from a patient with macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom. The active homogeneous protein could be isolated by affinity chromatography using a Sepharose-phosphorylcholine immunoadsorbent. It was an IgM immunoglobulin; the light chains were of the kappa type. The association constant for the reaction with phosphorylcholine was homogeneous and equalled 6.4 times 10-4 l. mol-1 at 25 degrees and 8.1 times 10-4 l. mol-1 at 2 degrees, indicating that the binding reaction is exothermic. The valences of the pentamer IgM, the 7S IgM subunit produced by reduction with cysteine, and the Fab fragment obtained by cleavage with papain were 10, 2, and 1, respectively. By all criteria available for antibody-like binding such as high specificity, restriction of the binding sites to the Fab part of the molecule and correct stoichiometry this IgM exhibits the fundamental characteristics associated with conventionally induced antibodies. PMID- 804916 TI - Protein content of chromatin fractions separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. AB - When sheared chromatin is centrifuged in a steep sucrose gradient, two broad peaks are resolved. DNA extracted from both fractions has approximately the same molecular weight. The basis for this fractionation seems to be differential aggregation. The slowly sedimenting material shows a lower protein/DNA ratio than the rapidly sedimenting chromatin as judged by equilbrium density centrifugation in CsCl after formaldehyde fixation or under nonionic conditions. After selective removal of histone fland further shear, most of the slowly sedimenting chromatin material appears as free DNA in steep cesium chloride gradients. The data are consistent with several recent reports concerning the subunit structure of chromatin. PMID- 804917 TI - Characterization of polypyrimidines in Drosophila and L-cell DNA. AB - Unusually long pyrimidine tracts (polypyrimidines), ranging from 100 to over 1000 nucleotides in length, have been found in Drosophila melanogaster DNA. They are compared to shorter pyrimidine tracts (25-150 nucleotides) which have previously been found in L-cell DNA. Both species were able to anneal to homologous DNA; Drosophila polypyrimidines formed stable hybrids while L-cell polypyrimidines formed hybrids of lower thermal stability. In both cases, the kinetics of the reaction was rapid, suggesting that these tracts are part of highly repeated DNA. PMID- 804918 TI - Photoexcited bacterial luminescence. Spectral properties and mechanistic implication of a reduced flavine-like prosthetic group associated with photoexcitable luciferase. AB - A prosthetic group, designated B, has been isolated from bacterial photoexcitable luciferase and found to possess spectral and photochemical properties characteristic of substituted reduced flavines. Its fluorescence when bound to luciferase has an excitation maximum at 375 nm, correlating well with the absorption spectrum, and an emission peaking at 495 nm. However, free B is nonfluorescent in aqueous solution at ambient temperature. Both free and luciferase-bound B show similar negative circular dichroism in the region 330-475 nm with troughs at 375 and 380 nm, respectively. In the luciferase reaction initiated by FMNH2, B is an inhibitor competitive with FMNH2. Irradiation of photoexcitable luciferase converts B to FMN, the latter identified spectrally, enzymatically, and chromatographically. These findings lead to the suggestion that B is a substituted FMNH2. The luciferase-bound B resembles but is not identical with the normal flavine intermediate obtainable by reacting luciferase with reduced flavine mononucleotide and oxygen. It is hypothesized that B is a false intermediate of the bacterial bioluminescence reaction, and a mechanism for the photoexcited bioluminescence reaction is suggested. PMID- 804920 TI - Retardation time measurementson replicating bacillus subtilis chromosomes: effect of EDTA concentration. AB - We have found that high concentrations of EDTA (greater than 0.024 M) are necessary to produce large, constant numbers of intact replicating Bacillus subtilis chromosomes in lysates of log phase cells. The retardation time of replicating chromosomes in log phase cell lysates is about double that for chromosomes in stationary phase cell lysates, thus making measurement of retardation time a sensitive way to detect and study replicating chromosomes. A theory is developed to predict retardation times for many possible models of DNA replication. The retardation time data on log phase cells is sufficient to eliminate many replication models, but many possibilities remain. PMID- 804919 TI - Evidence for energy migration from photosystem I to photosystem II and the effect of magnesium. AB - 1. With Euglena chloroplasts 7722 nm light excites a fluorescence induction pattern, measured at l,u nm, typical of the Photosystem II reduction of Q. 2. Both methylviologen and phenazine methosulfate partially quench this fluorescence rise in the absence of electron transport between Photosystem II and Photosystem I, and in a manner consistent with their known role of stimulating Photosystem I photochemistry. 3. The variable fluorescence excited with 22 nm light is reduced to a greater extent than that excited by 638 nm light upon chlorophyll dilution during division in the dark. 4. These observations are interpreted to indicate that in Euglena chloroplasts light absorbed by Photosystem I is transferred energetically "uphill" to Photosystem II, where it can perform Photosystem II photochemistry. 5. Magnesium ions stimulate the variable fluorescence with both 638 nm and 722 nm light to a similar extent, which argues against the concept of magnesium ion interrupting energy transfer between Photosystem II and Photosystem I. PMID- 804921 TI - The interaction between sodium dodecylsulphate solubilized human ghosts and antisera to human serum lipoproteins: a non-immune precipitation effect of sodium dodecylsulphate. PMID- 804923 TI - Mitochondrial DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain ST contains a long terminal duplication-inversion. AB - 1. We have studied denatured Tetrahymena mtDNA by electron microscopy using the formamide technique. 2. After denaturation all DNA is single stranded, but within a few minutes single-stranded circles with a duplex tail are formed. 3. The duplex tail is 1.3 mum long, i.e. 8 percent of the length of native mtDNA, and it often contains a small single-stranded eye. 4. Digestion of the duplex DNA with exonuclease III of Escherichia coli abolishes its ability to form circles and duplex tails after denaturation. 5. Renaturation of denatured mtDNA leads to the formation of duplex circles with single-stranded section and/or duplex tails. In addition, a minority of duplex circles without apparent tails is formed, but these circles contain a small ambiguous section. 6. We conclude that this mtDNA contains a long terminal duplication-inversion, that could be involved in the replication of this linear mtDNA. PMID- 804922 TI - Lymphocyte plasma membranes. III. Composition of lymphocyte plasma membranes from normal and immunized rats. AB - Isolated plasma membranes of thymic and splenic lymphocytes from unimmunized and immunized rats of the inbred ACI and F344 strains were analyzed for chemical and enzymatic composition, for membrane protein patterns by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and for membrane-associated immunoglobulins. After immunization, the thymic and splenic lymphocyte membranes from F344 rat contained less carbohydrate and higher phospholipid contents than control animals. In both ACI and F344 inbred rat strains the membrane phospholipid to cholesterol weight ratio increased significantly after immunization. The electrophoretic patterns of solubilized membrane proteins and of iodinated external membrane proteins were similar in unimmunized and immunized animals. When thymic and splenic lymphocytes of normal or immunized animals were surface radioidinated, solubilized in Triton X-100, NP-40 or 10 M urea in 1.5 M acetic acid and analyzed by immunoprecipitation, labeled IgM immunoglobulin was recovered from thymic lymphocytes but both labeled IgG and IgM were recovered from splenic lymphocytes. However, when unlabeled isolated plasma membranes were solubilized in 1 percent Triton X-100 and analyzed by immunodiffusion in agarose gels both IgG and IgM were identified in thymic and splenic cells. PMID- 804924 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthase by pirprofen. Studies with sheep seminal vesicle enzyme. AB - 1. Pirprofen, racemic 2-[3-chloro-4(3-pyrrolinyl) phenyl] propionic acid, was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 by sheep seminal vesicle prostaglandin synthase in vitro. 2. The compound proved to be a potent inhibitor with a Ki value of about 1.2 muM. Like indomethacin, aspirin and certain other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pirprofen inhibited the enzyme competively with respect to substrate. Unlike most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however, pirprofen did not promote time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme. It behaved as a competitive, reversible inhibitor, whereas most of the other agents acted as competitive, irreversible inhibitors. 3. The results suggest that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts in large part for the pharmacological effects of pirprofen. PMID- 804925 TI - Crystallization and some properties of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from chicken liver. AB - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) from chicken liver has been purified about 650 fold and crystallized. The crystalline enzyme was cube shaped and showed a specific activity of 46 units per mg of protein. The homogeneity of the crystalline enzyme was shown by polyacrylamide gel-disc electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient (s-degrees 2o,w) was 5.4 S. The crystalline enzyme was activated by the substrate inosine. The Hill coefficient was estimated to be 0.76, suggesting negative cooperativity with regard to the substrate inosine. The results of the kinetic analysis are consistent with the mechanism being a "rapid equilibrium random Bi-Bi reaction". The apparent equilibrium constant for phosphorolysis was 0.048. PMID- 804926 TI - Metal-ion effects on proteolysis and stability in secondary lysosomes of mouse kidney. AB - In previous studies, in vitro digestion of [1 2 5-I] ribonuclease by lysosomes of mouse kidney was limited because breakdown, which was rapid at first, slowed markedly so that most of the labeled protein escaped degradation. We now describe incubation conditions which allow digestion to proceed until approximately 70% of the exogenous protein label is released in acid-soluble form, after 30-45 min at 37 degrees C. Such activity is seen with either the addition of EDTA or incubation of concentrated cell particle suspensions. EDTA is effective in low concentrations and shows the same stimulation of digestion over a range of approximately 10-minus 6--10-minus 3 M. Other chelating agents have similar effects; dipyridyl and hydroxquinoline are as effective as EDTA, o-phenanthroline and diethyldithiocarbamate are slightly less effective. When the incubation medium had been treated with a chelating resin, Chelex 100, dilute suspensions of lysosomes were as active as those in EDTA. These results lead to the conclusion that metal ions, present as contaminants in very small concentrations, inhibit the activity of mouse kidney lysosomes. The effect of the metal ions is to diminish lysosomal stability, leading to release of intact labeled ribonuclease in non-sedimentable form. Interaction between lysosomes and metal, leading to inhibition of digestion upon heating, occurs at low temperature, but breakdown requires incubation at 37 degrees C and may be autolytic. In contrast to chelators, mercaptoethanol is without marked effect on stability; the stimulation in digestion rate caused by this agent is due either to a direct effect on the lysosomal enzymes or to a non-destructive influence on the lysosomal structure. PMID- 804927 TI - Comparative studies of rat liver and lung NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. AB - NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, the flavoprotein component of the liver microsomal mixed-function oxidases, has been compared to the corresponding rat lung microsomal enzyme. Both enzymes were purified by the same methods and have identical ionic strength optima towards the reduction of cytochrome c. Antibody directed against the liver reductase identically inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c and ferricyanide by both enzymes. Double diffusion immunoprecipitation on Ouchterlony plates of deoxycholate-solubilized liver and lung microsomes resulted in converging precipitin lines indicating similar antigenic sites. The apparent molecular weights of the detergent-solubilized and bromelain-solubilized lung enzymes were determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 79 000 and 71 000, respectively. From the above criteria we conclude that the enzymes in these two tissues are very similar or identical proteins. PMID- 804928 TI - The N-terminal heterogeneity of edta-extractable erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - N-terminal analysis of the proteins extracted from ox (Bos taurus) erythrocyte membranes by dilute EDTA is used as a means of estimating the heterogeneity of the protein fractions. Dinitrophenylation and dansylation reveal up to 8 different N-terminal amino acids in fractions with electrophoresis after dodecylsulphate treatment shows as having far fewer polypeptide chains. These fractions are prepared by gel electrophoresis in the presence and absense of detergent. Molecular weight estimation by the Ferguson procedure of the components revealed in the EDTA extract by electrophoresis in the absence of detergent confirms the large size concluded from electrophoresis with dodecylsulphate. The N-terminal analyses indicate that the high molecular weight of the complexes, both in the presence and absence of detergent, is more probably due to their being complexes of several polypeptides than exceptionally long single polypeptide chains. PMID- 804929 TI - Immunogenic properties of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. AB - Pure rat, chicken and kidney bean ribosomal proteins are immunogenic in the rabbit as tested by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. On the other hand, we were unable to raise antibodies to rabbit ribosomal proteins in the guinea pig. Rabbit ribosomal proteins are not autoimmunogenic. Rabbit antisera to rat or chicken ribosomal proteins surprisingly give no cross-reaction with ribosomal proteins from other mammals (man, ewe, calf, guinea pig, mice) whereas antisera to kidney bean ribosomal proteins cross-react with lentil ribosomal proteins. It is suggested that the high conservation of ribosomal protein structure in mammals, as shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis, may account for the impossibility of raising antibodies to rabbit ribosomal proteins in the guinea pig and for the absence of any cross-reaction among mammals. PMID- 804930 TI - Circular dichroism of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The circular dichroism spectrum of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been examined in the absence of the substrates, protocatechuic acid and O-2 and in the presence of the competitive inhibitors, protocatechualdehyde and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The native enzyme has a low alpha helical content (less than 1%) and exhibits several positive ellipticity bands between 250 and 300 nm (255,269,275 and 292 nm) and two, low intensity, negative bands at 330 and 480 nm. In the presence of protocatechuic acid and the absence of O-2, spectral changes are evident in the side chain and visible regions. There is a shift in the aromatic-region maximum from 275 to 267 and in the visible region from 330 to 348 and from 480 to 555 nm. No spectral changes are observed upon the removal or addition of only O-2. Different spectral changes in both the side chain and visible regions are observed in the enzyme with the two competitive inhibitors under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The spectral changes observed in the side chain region suggest the possible participation of aromatic residues in the binding process, but it is not yet established as to whether these residues play an active or passive role in binding and/or catalysis. PMID- 804931 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein from normal and gliosed human brain. Demonstration of multiple related polypeptides. AB - An improved purification method for the glial fibrillary acidic protein from normal human brain is reported. Preparations of high purity were obtained by substituting DEAE and phosphocellulose chromatography with one step of hydroxylapatite chromatography. The glial fibrillary acidic protein from normal and gliosed brain was separated into 4 bands (components 1-4) ranging in molecular weight from 54 000 plus or minus 1000 to 40500 plus or minus 1000 by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis at 7.5% and 12.5% acrylamide concentration. A better separation of the components was obtained on 12.5% acrylamide gels by increasing the time of electrophoresis to 15-17 h. In these conditions each component was split into a doublet. Preparations identical to those previously reported, i.e. 2-band preparations with an average molecular weight of 43 000, were obtained by incubating multiple sclerosis plaques at 24C for 48 h. These 2-band preparations co-migrated with the 2 lower molecular weight components (component 3, 45 000 plus or minus 1000; component 4, 40 500 plus or minus 1000) in 4-band preparations. The components cross-reacted with antisera against different preparations with an immunodiffusion pattern of complete identity and appeared to be chemically related. Most cyanogen bromide peptides were common to 2-band and 4-band preparations. A unique amino-terminal sequence of alanine-glycine-phenyl-alanine was found in all preparations, regardless of the source and of the number of components. The amino acid composition of 2-band and 4-band preparations was similar. PMID- 804932 TI - Localization of photosynthetic reaction centers by antibody binding to chromatophore membranes from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides strain R26. AB - Rabbit antiserum against highly purified reaction center preparations was shown to react specifically with a single component of chromatophore membranes from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides strain R-26. The conjugate of purified gamma globulin and ferritin prepared with toluene diisocyanate was used to determine the localization of reaction centers in the chromatophore membranes. Virtually no antibody was bound by intact membranes. After removing the 9nm ATPase from these membranes by dilute EDTA treatment, a considerable amount of antibody was bound to the exposed outer membrane surface. The reaction center binding sites were estimated to be uniformly distributed with approx. 1 reaction center per 200 nm-2 of membrane surface. These results indicate that the reaction centers are located near the outer membrane surface but below the ATPase particles. Since the distribution of reaction centers and particles on rough faces seen by freeze fracture particle may be a complex of a reaction center and other electron transfer components localized within the hydrophobic region of the membrane. PMID- 804933 TI - Flash kinetics and light intensity dependence of oxygen evolution in the blue green alga Anacystis nidulans. AB - Patterns of oxygen evolution in flashing light for the glue-green alga Anacystis nidulans are compared with those for broken spinach chloroplasts and whole cells of the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The oscillations of oxygen yield with flash number that occur in both Anacystis and Chlorella, display a greater degree of damping than do those of isolated spinach chloroplasts. The increase in damping results from a two- to threefold increase in the fraction (alpha) of reaction centers "missed" by a flash. The increase in alpha cannot be explained by non-saturing flash intensities or by the dark reduction of the oxidized intermediates formed by the flash. Anaerobic conditions markedly increase alpha in Anacystis and Chlorella but have no effect on alpha in broken spinach chloroplasts. The results signify that the mechanism of charge separation and water oxidation involved in all three orgainsms is the same, but that the pool of secondary electron acceptors between Photosystem II and Photosystem I is more reduced in the dark, in the algal cells, than in the isolated spinach chloroplasts. Oxygen evolution in flashing light for Anacystis and Chlorella show light saturation curves for the oxygen yield of the third flash (Y3) that differ markedly from those of the steady-state flashes(YS). In experiments in which all flashes are uniformly attenuated, Y3 requires nearly twice as much light as YS to reach half-saturation. Under these conditions Y3 has a sigmoidal dependence on intensity, while that of YS is hyperbolic. These differences depend on the number of flashes attenuated. When any one of the first three flashes is attenuated, the variation of Y3 with intensity resembles that of YS. When two of the first three flashes are attenuated, Y3 is intermediate in shape between the two extremes. A quantitative interpretation of these results based on the model of Kok et al. (Kik, B., Forbush, B.and McGloin, M. (1970) Photochem. Photobiol. 14, 307-321) fits the experimental data. PMID- 804934 TI - Effects of insulin secretagogues on phospholipid metabolism in pancreatic beta cells. AB - The effect of insulin secretagogues on the incorporation of [32-P] orthophosphate into phospholipids was studied in microdissected islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Increased 32-P-labelling was observed after incubation for 60 min with 10 mM L-leucine, 10 mM L-arginine or 20 mM D-glucose. Most of the label occurred in the phosphatidyl inositol fraction. The effect of L-leucine was additive to that induced by D-glucose while the effect of L-arginine was not. Glibenclamide (0.05 mM) was ineffective whether or not D-glucose was present. The results suggest that there is no direct correlation between the releasing actions of insulin secretagogues and changes in the metabolism of certain phospholipids and that phospholipid metabolism may be stimulated through more than one mechanism. PMID- 804935 TI - Ca-2+-dependent inhibitory effects of Na+ and K+ on Ca-2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - Effects of Na+ and K+ on Ca-2+ transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were studied in a medium containing high Mg-2+ and ATP (2mM) and low Ca-2+ (0.44muM) concentrations. Under these conditions, Na+ and K+ inhibit Ca-2+ uptake, ATPase activity and membrane phosphorylation by ATP. Since the concentrations of ATP and Ca-2+ used are consistent with relaxation in vivo, the results suggest that under physiological resting conditions the Ca-2+ pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum operates below its maximal capacity. PMID- 804936 TI - [Study of the cell walls of yeasts Rhodotorulamv'nfluence of the conditions of culture on the phosphatases of Rh; rubra (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities have been characterized on intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls Rh. rubra. These activities are sensitive to inhibition by orthophosphate. 2. The mechanical disruption does not increase the acid phosphatase activity and almost the entire activity is in the particular fraction. Its response to physicochemical factors is uniform, whatever the state of the preparation. It seemed to be entirely localized in the cell wall. The mechanical disruption of Rh. rubra yeast cells provokes only a small increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Almost all the activity is in the particular fractions after centrifuging. The response to the physicochemical factors studied differs according to the state of the preparation. This alkaline phosphatase activity is for the most part cell wall localized, but seems also to be located in the periplasmic space or inside the plasmic membrane of Rh. rubra. 3. Trypsine or "beta-glucanase complex" treatments of the yeast cells eliminate much of peptidic and glucidic compounds and provoke a more important increase of the phosphatase activities of yeasts cultivated in rich phosphate media than that obtained after treatments of yeast cultivated in poor phosphate medium. These treatments which affect only the superficial structures of the cell envelope and do not touch the enzymic molecule (the phosphatase Km values are unchanged after treatments, and Ki values are the same before and after treatments) are favourable to a masking of the cell wall phosphatases by culture of Rh. rubra with high concentrations of phosphate. This phenomenon is corroborated by electron microscopy studies. PMID- 804938 TI - A monkeyputer for automatic behavior scoring. PMID- 804937 TI - The chemical principles of chronotherapy as established from an in vitro model of circadian concentration rhythms. AB - A model reaction for investigating the effects of chemical parameters on circadian rhythms is suggested. Its main advantage is that oscillations occur on a minute scale rather than daily and so accelerate studies. Some factors were found to increase the period of amplitude of the oscillations, others decreased them. The chemical principles prevailing during such oscillations are itemized. The effects of adding poisons or drugs are also noted and a computer calculation has been used to show that desferrioxamine B treatment for serum iron removal could be 65 percent more effective if administered at the correct point in the circadian cycle. PMID- 804939 TI - Computer correlation of telemetered physiological data with behavior. PMID- 804940 TI - Carotenoid and merocyanine probes in chromatophore membranes. PMID- 804941 TI - Clean up procedures for PCB analysis on river water extracts. PMID- 804942 TI - Polyhalogenated biphenyls: photolysis of hexabromo and hexachlorobiphenyls in methanol solution. PMID- 804943 TI - Bacterial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls II. Rate studies. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1221, 1242 and 1254) at concentrations up to 0.1% in glucose did not inhibit the growth of lake water bacteria. The bacteria used Aroclor 1221 and 1242 but not 1254 as sole carbon and energy sources for growth. Less than 1% of lake water bacteria, however, possess this ability. Seven bacterial isolates from Aroclor agar plates were identified; five belonged to Achromobacter sp. and two were Pseudomonas sp. The metabolic breaksown of Aroclor 1221 was followed. THE MIXTURE WAS COMPLETELY DEGRADED INTO SEVERAL LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT COMPOUNDS AFTER ONE MONTH INCUBATION. Unchlorinated biphenyl was degraded at a faster rate than 2-chlorobiphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl isomers. PMID- 804944 TI - Excretion of some pure PCB isomers in milk of cows. PMID- 804945 TI - The action of nitroglycerine and dipyridamole in normal and ischaemic dog heart. AB - 1 Network and post-network resistances were measured together with heat clearance and heat production in the myocardium. 2 Nitroglycerine dilated all resistance vessels but was twice as effective on network as compared with post-network vessels. 3 Dipyridamole dilated network and post-network vessels equally. 4 Nitroglycerine had no effect on heat clearance or heat production in ischaemic myocardium. 5 Dipyridamole increased heat clearance in normal but not in ischaemic myocardium. 6 Dipyridamole depressed heat production in normal and ischaemic myocardium. 7 That the clinical effectiveness of nitroglycerine does not depend entirely on its coronary vasodilator properties is confirmed. 8 It is suggested that the action of dipyridamole in depressing myocardial heat production may be due to an action on the efficiency of oxygen utilization during cardiac contraction. PMID- 804946 TI - Experimentally determined tissue air ratios and scatter air ratios for collimated beams of 14 mev neutrons. AB - Tissue air ratios (TAR) and scatter air ratios (SAR) for collimated beams of 14 MeV neutrons were determined from depth dose curves measured in air and water using a tissue equivalent proportional counter. Central axis depth dose data were obtained as a function of field size and depth in a water phantom for an SSD or 125 cm. The collimator was composed of steel and polyethylene and was continuously variable from a 3 times 3 cm to a 20 times 20 cm field size at 125 cm SSD. The field scans for this collimator were flat within plus or minus 2 per cent over 80 per cent of the field dimension in air and were reduced to 20 per cent of the central axis dose at 1-2 field radii in air. Relative depth dose data in air and phantom were measured with an accuracy of plus or minus 2 per cent and were used for the TAR and SAR calculations. The resulting scatter air ratios for 14 MeV neutrons have roughly the same characteristics as 60-Co SAR, but are 60 per cent larger at maximum build-up and reach that maximum at about 60 per cent of the peak depth for 60-Co for all field sizes. The effects of collimator throat scatter on the central axis depth dose characteristics of this particular collimator design are discussed in detail using the measured tissue and scatter air ratios. PMID- 804947 TI - Rupture of a left ventricular diverticulum with pseudoaneurysm formation. PMID- 804948 TI - Letter: Physical measurements and clinical observation on the backscatter on 10MeV electrons from lead shielding. PMID- 804949 TI - Editorial: Pathogenesis of motor neurone disease. PMID- 804950 TI - Editorial: Progress in dissolving gallstones. PMID- 804951 TI - Editorial: Pathogenesis of hypertensive retinopathy. PMID- 804953 TI - Relationship of posture and age to urinary protein excretion. AB - The influence of posture and age on urinary protein excretion was studied in 120 normal men volunteers. The supine excretion rate was less than 140 mug/min in all but two people (median value 38 mug/min) and tended to increase with age. The excretion rate decreased on quiet standing in 80% of people, which corresponded to a fall in creatinine-clearance. In the remaining 20% protein excretion increased on standing but generally remained within normal limits and was dissociated from changes in creatinine clearances. This increase was more prevalent in younger people and may represent a phenomenon analogous to orthostatic proteinuria, differing only quantitatively. PMID- 804954 TI - Editorial: Gold therapy in 1975. PMID- 804952 TI - Double-blind comparison of tolamolol, propranolol, practolol, and placebo in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - Forty-two patients with angina pectoris have completed a randomized, double-blind trial comparing tolamolol 100 mg and 200 mg with propranolol 80 mg, practolol 100 mg, and placebo, all given three times a day. Tolamolol 200 mg thrice daily was found to be equivalent to propranolol 80 mg thrice daily in anti-anginal efficacy. Anginal attack rates and trinitrin consumption were significantly reduced by all active treatments as compared with the placebo but tolamolol and propranolol were the most effective. Tolamolol 200 mg thrice daily was most effective in reducing blood pressure, while propranolol was most effective in reducing the resting heart rate. All treatments except the placebo significantly increased the amount of exercise which could be performed before angina appeared (exercise work), while tolamolol 200 mg thrice daily significantly reduced Robinson's index when compared with all other active agents. The degree of S-T segment depression induced by exercise was significantly lessened by both tolamolol and propranolol but not by practolol or placebo. There was no difference in patient preference between tolamolol and propranolol but tolamolol at both dose levels was preferred to practolol. Both tolamolol and propranolol are potent adrenergic beta-receptor antagonists and equal in anti-anginal efficacy but tolamolol has the advantage of being cardioselective. It is superior to practolol. PMID- 804955 TI - New evidence for the non-infectivity of Treponema pallidum for mice. AB - We have recently shown that syphilitic rabbits are resistant to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. This resistance was thought to reflect stimulation of cell-mediated immunity by active infection with Treponema pallidum. We now report data which show that the growth of Listeria was not suppressed in mice inoculated with T. pallidum. Re-inoculation with T, pallidum or with a large dose of an avirulent treponeme also failed to suppress the growth of Listeria. These results contrast with those obtained in rabbits and provide additional evidence that T. pallidum is not infective for the mouse. PMID- 804956 TI - A mouse intracerebral infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - An intracerebral challenge of HPB black mice with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is described. In this mode, the mice died from 1 to 6 days after challenge, and T1 organisms were obtained up to the fifth day from brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. Experimental gonococcal vaccines gave good protection against the challenge. PMID- 804957 TI - Culture of urinary sediment for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women. AB - 1,001 consecutive women seen in a V.D. clinic were screened for gonorrhoea by cultures of urinary sediment, the endocervix, and anal canal. Recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture of urinary sediment was 81-7 per cent. as productive as culture of the endocervix, and 79-2 per cent. compared to endocervical and anal canal culturing. Urogenital symptoms were present in 55-1 per cent. of women with negative cultures and 64-6 per cent. of those with gonorrhoea. A complaint of dysuria increased the likelihood of a positive urinary sediment or endocervical culture. Culture of urinary sediment is less sensitive than culture of the endocervix. However, the ease with which specimens are obtained and the relative simplicity of the technique could make this method an acceptable tool for screening large numbers of women for gonorrhoea. PMID- 804958 TI - Indirect fluorescence test for the detection of anti-gonoccocal antibodies. AB - (1) An indirect fluorescence test for the detection of anti-gonococcal antibody is described. (2) Positive results at a serum dilution of 1 in 16 or above were obtained with sera from 20 per cent. of males and 61 per cent. of females with bacteriologically proven gonorrhoea. 3-8 per cent. of presumed false positive results were given by sera from patients presumed not to have gonorrhoea. (3) In different groups of sera, tests for IgM anti-gonococcal antibody were positive in 32 per cent. of those from males but in only 43 per cent. of those from females with positive cultures. PMID- 804959 TI - Trial of sustained-release tetracycline in the treatment of gonorrhoea. AB - A trial of Sustamycin, a sustained-release preparation of tetracycline hydrochloride, in uncomplicated gonorrhoea in sixty males is described, Each patient was given an initial dose of 500 mg. followed by 250 mg. twice daily for 5 days. Of the 57 patients who attended for follow-up 47 (82-5 per cent.) were cured. There were no adverse reactions. PMID- 804961 TI - [Catheterization of the subclavian vein in surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 804960 TI - [The problem of serologic conflict in pregnancy and its development in the course of a quarter of a century (author's transl)]. PMID- 804962 TI - Major trends in cancer: 25 year survey. PMID- 804963 TI - Present and probable uses of CEA. PMID- 804964 TI - Hypercalcemia and cancer. PMID- 804965 TI - Classics in oncology: Joe Vincent Meigs (1892-1963). PMID- 804967 TI - Editorial: Fruits, vegetables and cancer dimensions. PMID- 804968 TI - Clinical staging system for carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 804969 TI - Research methodology: what the clinician should know. PMID- 804966 TI - Cancer statistics, 1975. PMID- 804970 TI - Alcohol, a carcinogen? PMID- 804971 TI - Unproven methods of cancer management: cancer quackery. PMID- 804972 TI - Colonoscopy. PMID- 804973 TI - Germinal tumors of the testes. PMID- 804974 TI - Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) PMID- 804976 TI - Rights of the cancer patient. PMID- 804975 TI - Cellular pathology: Lecture VIII. Blood and lymph. PMID- 804977 TI - Studies of folic acid compounds in nature. IV. Folic acid compounds in soybeans and cow milk. AB - Folate compounds in soybean and cow's mild were identified by Sephadex chromatography and differential microbiological assaymsoybean contained mainly monoglutamates (ca. 52%), some diglutamates (ca. 16%), and polyglutamates (pentaglutamates representing the major portion). 5-CHO-H4PteGlun(1-6) constituted 65-70% of total folate activity; Cow's milk contained monoglutamates (60%) and polyglutamates (ranging from di- to hepta-conjugates). In contrast to soybean, 90-95% of milk folate was in the 5-CH3h4pteGlun(1-7) form. PMID- 804978 TI - Studies on acute phase proteins of rat serum. V Effect on induces inflammation on the synthesis of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein by liver slices. AB - Liver slices from normal rats and those suffering from inflammation for 24-48 h were incubated with L-[-14C]leucine or D-[-14C]glucosamine. Immunological techinques coupled with radioautography indicated that the microsome fraction prepared from slices contained the subcellular site of synthesis of the polypeptide chain of serum albumin, and the polypeptide and carbohydrate chains of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; both proteins were also present in the medium in labelled forms. The contents of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in the medium and in extracts of liver from experiments with liver slices from control rats and 8-72 h experimental rats were determined using the quantitative precititin technique. There was a net increase in synthesis of both proteins when slices from control and experimental animals were used, the increase showing up in medium protein. However, slices from livers from 8-72 h experimental rats had a greater capacity for synthesis of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and lower capacity for synthesis of albumin than slices from livers from control rats, the greatest changes occurring with slices from 24 h experimental rats. Changes in synthetic capacities of liver slices from experimental rats for albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were always accompanied by large increases in specific radioactivities of total medium proteins when experiments involved incubation of slices with L-[-3H]leucine and D-[-14C]glucosamine. It is suggested that the increase in specific radioactivities of medium proteins following incubation of liver slices from experimental rats with labelled leucine and glucosamine is a characteristic of the response of liver to inflammation, and reflects changes in the capacity of liver for the synthesis of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and other acute phase serum proteins. PMID- 804979 TI - The cell surface antigens of Streptococcus equi. AB - An analysis of the cell surface antigens of Streptococcus equi is presented. Following extraction from cell walls, whole cells and hyaluronidase treated cells the immunoprecipitation patterns of the intact and protease treated components were developed with rabbit anti serum against S. equi. It was determined by mouse protection tests that the specificity of protective antibodies was directed toward a trypsin labile antigen. The presence of antigens similar to those designated M and R in Group A streptococci were found in S. equi. PMID- 804980 TI - Chronic oral exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254): pathological effects. AB - Groups of eight rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed rations containing 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm of the polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor 1254, over a period of up to 330 days. Growth rates were unaffected by these levels. Pathological changes were found in the kidneys of 13 fish on the polychlorinated biphenyl ration. Foci of nephrosis with cellular or granular cast formation were seen. The greatest number of cases occured in fish at the 10 ppm concentration. An increase in the number of hepatocytes per unit area was related to the greater concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in the diet. A reduction in the amount of white pulp in the spleen was observed in 23 of 27 fish on the 10 ppm and 100 ppm diets. The fish with nephrosis had reduced splenic white pulp and lowered white cell counts. Fish fed the 1 ppm and 10 ppm levels had mean tissue residues of 1.4 and 2.3 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl respectively. Fish on the 100 ppm ration had a mean value of 80.1 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl content. PMID- 804982 TI - Intravitreal injection of autologous blood in primates. AB - Thirteen owl monkeys received intravitreal injections of 0.3 ml of autologous blood in single or multiple injections. Blood was antiocoagulated either with heparin to inhabit clot formation or with citrate to allow clot production within the vitreous body. Clinical observations showed that approximately 60% of the heparinized eyes cleared, whereas only about 5% of the citrated eyes did. Thus, clotting appears to have a significant effect on the clearance of blood from the vitreous chamber. In addition to the abscence of hemosiderosis, histological and ultrastructural studies of retinas showed no retinal damage. PMID- 804981 TI - Effect of penicillin on the humoral and cellular immune response following group A streptococcal pharyngitis. AB - The effect of oral and parenteral penicillin on the development of cellular and humoral immune responses in chimpanzees infected with group A streptococcal M types 1, 5 and 12 was investigated. The interrelationship between type-specific antibody response and enhancement of phagocytic competence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was documented. Penicillin depressed or suppressed type-specific antibody response depending on the mode and dose of administration, probably because of its effect on the streptococci responsible for antibody stimulation. Penicillin was not demonstrated to have a direct effect on phagocytic ability in vitro. Therefore the primary effect of antibiotic therapy is the indirect relationship to suppression or inhibition of type-specific antibody response to M protein which results in a diminution of phagocytic competence. PMID- 804983 TI - Further properties of P-2 R-factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their relationship to other plasmid groups. AB - R-factors of the P-2(prototype R-factor R931) incompatibility group of plasmidsdetected in Pseudomonas are compatible with group P,C,W, and NR-factors which areplasmids that can be transferred to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recipients. Members of the P-2 group (R130,R931) have significant homology by DNA-DNA hybridization. R-factors of the P-group (RP1, RP9) and F-group (R1) exhibited homology with P-2 R-factors but to a lesser extent than R130 with R931. Members of the I, C, and W groups showed no significant homology with P-2 R-factors. Minicircular DNA of strain 931(R931) was not homologous with R931 DNA. The host range of R931 and R130 is limited mainly to certain Pseudomonas species including P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, and P. stutzeri. These R-factors could not be transferredat detectable frequencies to any member of the Enterobacteriaceae examined. R-factor-specified pili were strongly suggested by the detection of pili by electron microscopyin R-+ but not R- non-piliated mutants of P. aeruginosa strain PA01. The combinedproperties of R-factors 931 and similar R-factors reported before and in this study strongly support our previous contention that this group of R-factors form a significant new group of plasmids. A classification scheme previously proposed for plasmids occurring in Pseudomonas has been modified and four groups have been specified. PMID- 804984 TI - Effect of lactobacilli and carbon dioxide on the growth of Microbacterium thermosphactum on fresh beef. AB - Studies with articifially inoculated fresh beef showed that lactobacilli markedlyrestrict the growth of Microbacterium thermosphactum when the beef is vacuum-packaged. High concentrations of carbon dioxide (up to 75%) had little effect on the growthof M. thermosphactum under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Tests were madewith samples of lean beef inoculated with pure cultures of lactobacilli and (or) M. thermosphactum and stored unpackaged in air, in air enriched with carbon dioxide, in nitrogen-carbon dioxide mixtures, or vacuum-packaged as in commercial practice. On vacuum-packaged meat, growth of M. thermosphactum was extensive in the absence of lactorbacilli, but was restricted in the presence of lactobacilli. On unpackaged meat (i.e.stored in air) this inhibition did not occur, showing that anaerobic conditions are necessary for it to take place. These results show the import ance of lactobacilli on the storage life of vacuum-packaged fresh beef. PMID- 804985 TI - Antibody production in milk serum after antigen instillation of the goat mammary gland. IX. Sham infection studies with Neisseria meningitudis L.C.D.C. 608B. AB - Specific immune globulins have been prepared in goat milk in response to the intramammary gland instillation of Neisseria meningitidis 608, serogroup B strain. Isolation, purification, and characterization of the goat whey by gel filtration, electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the active immune component resided in the IgA class of globulins, specifically 9.2-S IgA. The potential of the lactating mammary gland as a "biological factory" for the large-scale production of diagnostic antiserum to killed bacterial whole cell antigen is described. PMID- 804986 TI - Preservation of mycobacterial suspensions at -55 degrees C. AB - Suspensions in dilute Sauton's medium of 14 mycobacterial strains grown under identical conditions were prepared with bacilli harvested at their midlog phase of growth,and were frozen and stored at -55 degrees C. Survivals, estimated by CFU determinations after periodic intervals of storage, showed no adverse effect of freezing and thawing on any of the strains. Effectiveness of preservation, however, varied from strain to strain and no correlation existed between effectiveness and species of mycobacteria. No noticeable changes in the virulence of the H37Rv strain and in the immunizing activity of BCG were detected after prolonged storeage. Results of experimentsperformed with two strains suspended in seven diluents suggest that some are more suitable for long-term preservation, particularly so for the more sensitive one. PMID- 804987 TI - [Rubella virus. II. Replication in Vero calls and effects of actinomycin Dand cycloheximide]. AB - Budding at the plasmic membrane is the primary mode of production of rubella virus in Vero cells. Intense cytopathic effect is observed even if only 10% of the cells are infected. Actinomycin D has little effect on the multiplication of rubella virus but cycloheximide inhibits its growth. This inhibitiion is probably due to the reduction of cellular protein synthesis and not to a direct action of the inhibitorson the virus multiplication. Viral proteins in infected cells have not been demonstrated. The presence of a viral substance inhibiting normal cellular synthesis is discussed. PMID- 804989 TI - Letter: Treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 804988 TI - Mastocytosis: unusual manifestation; clinical and radiologic changes. AB - Two patients with mast cell disease presented with unusual features. In one the absence of skin lesions made the diagnositic problem a challenging one. Certain of the laboratory findings, especially those related to the serum cholesterol concentration and platelet function tests, were particularyl interesting. Chemotherapy induced partial remission. The second patient had a long, relatively benign course complicated by two episodes of herpes zoster, the last being associated with the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. In both patients the skeletal abnormalities were radiologically similar. When these are present they should be considereed sufficiently characteristic to indicate strongly a diagnosis of mastocytosis. PMID- 804990 TI - A new, mouse-myeloma immunoglobulin A having specificity for beta-D-(1 yields 6) linked D-galactopyranosyl residues. AB - The discovery of T601, a new mouse-myeloma immunoglobulin A having specificity for beta-D-(1 yields 6)-linked D-galactopyranosyl residues, brings the total number of known antigalactan immunoglobulins to seven. The interaction of T601 with a number of ligands has been investigated. For those ligands showing interaction with the immunoglobulin, the affinity constants have been quantitatively measured by tryptophanyl fluorescence. The values show that protein T601 behaves very similarly to protein X24. PMID- 804991 TI - Serologic cross-reactivity of the D-galacto-D-mannans isolated from several pathogenic fungi against anti-Hormodendrum pedrosoi serum. PMID- 804992 TI - Extraction and purification of lipoteichoic acids from Gram-positive bacteria. AB - Hot and cold, 80% aqueous phenol extraction procedures together with an aqueous extraction technique have been evaluated for the isolation of lipoteichoic acids from the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acids of Staphlococcus aureus H, Micrococcus 2102, Baccillus subtilis 168, and Bacillus subtilis W-23 were examined as each of them emphasises a different problem of contamination. The purity of the lipoteichoic acids with respect to cell-wall material, nucleic acid, and protein is discussed together with the criteria of purity which enables critical structural analysis of lipoteichoic acids to be carried out. PMID- 804993 TI - Immunochemical studies on L-rhamno-D-mannans of Sporothrix schenckii and related fungi by use of rabbit and human antisera. AB - Antisera were prepared in rabbits against the human pathogenic yeast Sporothrix schenckii (strain 1099.12) grown at two different temperatures (25 degrees and 37 degrees). Precipitation and inhibition data showed that the former serum had a specificity directed against alpha-L-Rhap-(1 yields 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 yields 3) D-Man-(1 yields determinants, whereas the latter had a broad specificity in which alpha-L-rhamnosyl or alpha-L-Rhap-(1 yields 3)-D-Man- was the immunodominant structure. These results are consistent with data on the structures of the L rhamno-D-mannans isolated from the organism grown at the two different temperatures. Human sera from patients with sporotrichosis were shown to have different specificities resembling the specificities developed in the rabbits. The rabbit antisera were also used to examine the cross-reactivity with L-rhamno D-mannans from species of the genus Ceratocystis, which is reputed to include the ascigerous (perfect) state of S. schenckii. Polysaccharides from four species of Ceratocystis grown at 25 degrees reacted with the antisera in a manner resembling that of the L-rhamno-D-mannan from S. schenckii grown at 37 degrees. This is in accord with earlier data that showed that only S. schenckii, of the species studied, produces a polysaccharide with large amounts of alpha-L-Rhap-(1 yields 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 yields side-chains when grown at 25 degrees. PMID- 804994 TI - Fowl cholera; cross-protective turkey antisera and IgG antibodies induced with Pasteurella multocida-infected tissue bacterins. AB - Turkey antisera induced with formolized Pasteurella multocida-infected tissues (T antisera) passively cross-immunized 48 of 55 chickens against a challenge dose of P. multocida organisms, from which 0 of 15 controls survived. However, turkey antisera induced with formalin-killed, agar-cultured P. multocida cells (A antisera) passively cross-immunized only 4 of 30 chickens. Cross-immunity refers to protection against a different immunologic type of P. multocida. Quantitative precipitin reactions of the A and T antisera with antigens from agar-cultured cells showed that more antibody was present in the A than in the T antisera. However, antigens extracted from the infected tissues reacted with the T and not with the A antisera in the Ouchterlony procedure, demonstrating qualitative differences between the agar-cultured antigens and those extracted from the infected tissue. The gel precipitins isolated from the A and T antisera were characterized as 7S immunoglobulins, which behaved in immunoelectrophoresis as would be expected for a IgG immunoglobulin. The IgG fraction from the T antiserum passively cross-immunized chickens almost as well as the whole antiserum; hence, the IgG antibody is a major factor in cross-immunity. PMID- 804996 TI - Adenovirus recombination: physical mapping of crossover events. PMID- 804995 TI - Ecological and cultural aspects of human trematodiasis (excluding schistosomiasis) in Africa. PMID- 804998 TI - Interspersion of repetitive and nonrepetitive DNA sequences in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. AB - Cot analysis shows that the haploid Drosophila genome contains 12 percent rapidly reassociating, highly reiterated DNA, 12 percent middle repetitive DNA with an average reiteration frequency of 70, and 70 percent single-copy DNA. The distribution of the middle repetitive sequences in the genome has been studied by an examination in the electron microscope of the structures obtained when middle repetitive sequences present on large DNA strands reassociate and by the hydroxyapatite binding methods developed by Davidson et al. (1973). At least one third by weight of the middle repetitive sequences are interspersed in single copy sequences. These interspersed middle repetitive sequences have a fairly uniform distribution of lengths from less than 0.5 to 13 kb, with a number average value of 5.6 kb. The average distance between middle repetitive sequences is greater than 13 kb. The data do not exclude the possibility that essentially all of the middle repetitive sequences have the interspersion pattern described above; however, it is possible that some of the middle repetitive sequences of Drosophila are clustered in stretches of length much greater than 13 kb. The interspersion pattern of the middle repetitive sequences in Drosophila is quite different from that which occurs in the sea urchin, in Xenopus, in rat, and probably many other higher eucaryotes. PMID- 804997 TI - Two very different components of messenger RNA in an insect cell line. AB - The messenger RNA lifetimes have been measured in a cell line derived from an invertebrate source, the mosquito Aedes albopictus. The experiments were made possible by a new technique for obtaining undegraded cytoplasmic RNA from cells with high endogenous nuclease levels. There are two components to the decay kinetics of Aedes mRNA. The major fraction of the steady state message population has a half-life of 20 hr which is, as in mammalian cells, comparable to the cell generation time. The short-lived component turns over very rapidly with a half life estimated to be about 1.2 hr. The difference in lifetime between the short and long-lived components is about 15 fold in these cells, compared to 3-4 fold in mammalian cells. This may reflect the need for a more responsive mRNA regulating system in poikilothermic organisms. The great disparity between the principle messenger lifetimes permits a more definite assignment of a two component behavior to message decay. The data in the case of mammalian cells could not rule out a family of intermediate lifetimes. The long-lived mRNA has a much smaller average sedimentation value than the short-lived material. The effect is similar to, but much larger than, that seen in mammalian cells. Although the lifetime difference is much greater in the insect cells than in human (HeLa) cells, the fast and slow components comprise about the same proportion of the steady state mRNA population: 30 percent and 70 percent, respectively. PMID- 804999 TI - Nucleotide metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands during temperature and dinitrophenol-induced puffing. AB - When Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands are exposed to temperature or dinitrophenol (DNP) treatments, their nucleotide metabolism is altered such that the amount of cellular ATP decreases, whereas the amount of ADP increases. Since both treatments also elicit specific puffing patterns on the salivary gland chromosome, it is suggested that specific loci on the chromosome are activated to form puffs when the efficiency of respiration decreases. The possible relationship between the formation of these puffs and the intramitochondrial metabolism is discussed. PMID- 805000 TI - Protein synthesis in stimulated lymphocytes. II. Amino acid requirements. PMID- 805001 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. I. Con A activated cytotoxic effector cells exhibit immunological specificity. PMID- 805002 TI - Listeria cell wall fraction: adjuvant activity in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 805003 TI - Mutagenic selectivity of carcinogenic nitroso compounds 2. n-methyl-N nitrosourethane. AB - The mutagenicity of the carcinogen methylnitrosourethane (MNUr) was examined in Drosophila with a view to the determination of its activity on heterochromatic loci (especially rDNA) relative to those in the euchromatin. Assays were made of the yield of rDNA mutations (bobbed: bb) relative to other X-chromosome recessive lethals and visibles [X(l + v)] in the same male germ cells after treatment with different doses (1-10 mM) and at various stages in spermatogenesis. Dose dependence followed the same pattern for all genic loci and germ cell stages. In all instances, the regression of mutation frequency on injected molar dose was approximately linear, but could better be described by a quadratic dose curve. In contrast, the mutagenicity pattern during spermatogenesis varied according to the target genes. The response of the euchromatic loci reached a peak among the earlier germ cells (probably the spermatocytes), whereas that for the heterochromatic sites (including rDNA) was maximal in mature sperm. Mutagenic selectivity for rDNA with MNUr, as indicated by the percentage bb/X-mutations, was among the highest for the intrinsically reactive carcinogens (alkylating and arylating agents). This correlates with the strong carcinogenicity of MNUr and adds further support to the concept that rDNA mutations might well be a crucial step in cancer initiation. PMID- 805004 TI - Induction and suppression of hepatic and extrahepatic microsomal foreign-compound metabolizing enzyme systems by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on a number of hepatic and extrahepatic foreign-compound-metabolizing enzyme systems in microsomes from rats, rabbits and guinea pigs were investigated. Following TCDD treatment, the N demethylation of benzphetamine, aminopyrine and ethylmorphine was suppressed in hepatic microsomes from male but not from female rats. However, both cytochrome P 450 and benzpyrene hydroxylase were significantly stimulated in hepatic microsomes from both male and female rats at doses as small as 1 mug TCDD/kg body weight. The inductive effect on rat hepatic microsomal enzymes was considerably more persistent than the suppressive effect. Following a single oral dose of 25 mug TCDD/kg weight, benzpyrene hydroxylase of male rat liver microsomes remained significantly elevated for 73 days but the suppression of benzphetamine N demethylase had gone after 35 days. The induction of benzpyrene hydroxylase in male rat liver microsomes by TCDD was independent of the age of the rat and the levels to which this enzyme was increased was similar in male rats of all ages. However, the suppression of benzphetamine N-demethylase in male rat liver microsomes was age related: the suppression was seen only in adult animals and in the very young (10 days old) the enzyme was actually induced by TCDD. Inductive effects appeared in both smooth and rough-surfaced hepatic microsomes from male rats but the suppression of N-demethylation occurred only in the smooth-surfaced microsomes (SER). In microsomes from extrahepatic tissues of the rat, induction of mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) by TCDD occurred only in the kidney. However, UDPglucuronyltransferase was induced in microsomes from lung, kidney, intestine and brain but not testes. The response in the rabbit and guinea pig to TCDD differed considerably from that in the rat. Benzpyrene hydroxylase was unaffected in hepatic microsomes from the guinea pig and actually suppressed in microsomes from rabbit liver. Benzphetamine N-demethylase was also suppressed in rabbit liver microsomes. Glucuronyl-transferase was unaffected by TCDD in microsomes from liver, lung or kidney of the rabbit and guinea pig. The only lung enzyme responsive to TCDD was biphenyl 4-hydroxylase of the rabbit and guinea pig. Suppression was not observed in any of the extraheptic tissues studied and may be confined to only certain hepatic systems. PMID- 805006 TI - Isolation and purification of the Rh(D) blood group receptor component from human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The Rh(D) antigen of human red blood cell membranes has been isolated as a homogeneous immunologically intact component. The method of preparation was as follows: Red cell membranes were prepared free of hemoglobin and components were solubilized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by sodium chloride. Diaflo ultrafilter membranes were used to separate solubilized membrane components into different molecular weight classes. The Rh(D) activity was demonstrated in the molecular weight class between 10 000 and 20 000. This fraction, which had six components by disc gel electrophoresis, was further purified by isoelectric focusing on a pH gradient of 3 to 10, followed by a pH gradient of 5 to 8. The Rh(D) antigen was eluted as a single component, migrated as a discrete band on disc gel electrophoresis, and inhibited the agglutination of anti-Rh(D) antibody. When the Rh(D) antigen was injected into guinea pigs, a high titer of anti-Rh(D) antibody was obtained. PMID- 805005 TI - Studies with carcinogen-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat. The trial of auto immunization to inhibit tumor formation after the surgical removal of tumors. AB - Auto-immunization treatment of carcinogen-fed rats using homogenates of carcinogen-induced tumors did not have any adverse effect on new tumor formation and growth as well as local recurrences. Auto-immunization treatments did not change the degree or nature of the inflammatory reaction observed in carcinogen induced tumors. Auto-antibodies against carcinogen-infiltration of various intensity in the stroma of the tumor suggested that host definsi mechanism may involve in the course of development this authochtonous tumor. PMID- 805007 TI - The use of alpha-L-iduronidase activity determinations in leucocytes for the detection of Hurler and Scheie syndromes. PMID- 805008 TI - Simple inexpensive procedure for the measurement of serum thyroxine. PMID- 805009 TI - Is the primary complement lesion insufficient for lysis? Failure of cells damaged under osmotic protection to lyse in EDTA or at low temperature after removal of osmotic protection. PMID- 805010 TI - IgM and IgG antibodies to DNA, RNA, and DNA:RNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 805011 TI - Pigeon breeders' disease: immunofluorescent localization of sensitizing antigens in pigeon. PMID- 805012 TI - Qualitative assessment of midstream urine cultures in the detection of bacteriuria. AB - 3550 women attending cervical smear and family planning clinics have been screened for bacteriria. Suprapubic aspiration of urine was carried out in 131 patients from whom two consecutive midstream urine specimens contained either a pure growth of Gram positive cocci or a growth in which Gram negative bacilli predominated. 95 patients were found to have bacteriuria; in 93 the urine was infected with a Gram negative organism. Of 53 patients with a count of more than 10-5 Gram negative organisms per milliliter on two consecutive midstream urine samples, 48 (91%) had bacteriuria. However, 45 (48%) of the 93 patients with bacteriuria did not have two consecutive counts greater than 10-5 organisms per milliliter , and 10 (11%) had counts of less than 10-4 organisms per milliliter in at least one of the two midstream urine samples. It is concluded that midstream urine counts of less than 10-5 organisms per milliliter in which Gram negative bacilli predominate may be indicative of bacteriuria and should be confirmed by suprapubic aspiration. PMID- 805013 TI - Chronic dialysis, U.S.A.--past, presnet and future. PMID- 805014 TI - Candida arthritis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Candida albicans arthritis is uncommon. Although occasional instances of meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and extensive visceral involvement due to Candida species have been reported, only 7 documented cases of arthritis caused by Candida albicans are found in the literature. The present case was an infant with a gastroschisis defect of the abdominal wall, who required multiple surgical procedures, prolonged antibiotic therapy, and parental intravenous hyperalimentation. Following a blood stream infection with Candida albicans, septic arthritis of the left knee developed. Treatment with intravenous Amphotericin-B over a 6-week period was successful in eridicating the infection. The child is completely well 9 months after discharge from the hospital. Factors which may predispose patients to infection by Candida albicans include prolonged antibiotic therapy. corticosteroids, generalized debilitation, malnutrition, parental hyperalimentation, and immunosuppressive therapy. Amphotericin-B therapy may be associated with considerable toxicity including azotemia, hepatic dysfunction, and hematologic abnormalities. The therapeutic regimen of Amphotericin-B is effective but a 6-week course of antifungal therapy may be necessary to eradicate septic arthritis of Candida albicans. Surgical drainage is probably indicated only for recent infections. PMID- 805015 TI - The current status of the laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases of man. PMID- 805016 TI - A new parasympatholytic bronchodilator: a study of its onset of effect after inhalation. PMID- 805017 TI - Clinical study on carbuterol (SKF 40383), a new selective bronchodilator agent aerosol: double blind comparison with isoproterenol aerosol. PMID- 805019 TI - Comparison of guanethidine and methyldopa in essential hypertension: a controlled study. PMID- 805018 TI - A six-month double-blind trial of ibuprofen and indomethacin in osteoarthritis. PMID- 805020 TI - Procainamide in plasma following administration of sustained-release tablets in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 805021 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infections unresponsive to sulfa with carbenicillin indanyl sodium. PMID- 805022 TI - Sulpiride vs. amitriptyline in the treatment of depression. PMID- 805023 TI - Streptozyme test: a new approach to the detection of antibodies to streptococcal a exonenzymes in streptococcal infections. PMID- 805025 TI - A clinical evaluation of epicillin in the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea. PMID- 805024 TI - Fetal consequences of chronic methadone administration to pregnant rats: methadological problems. PMID- 805026 TI - Demonstration of an additive antihypertensive effect of prazosin and polythiazide in out-patient. PMID- 805027 TI - Clinical assessment of the use of an anorectic drug in a total weight reduction program. PMID- 805028 TI - Phenylbutazone and aspirin in osteoarthritis: a controlled study. PMID- 805030 TI - Treatment of steroid-dependent asthma with beclomethaxone dipropionate administered by aerosol. PMID- 805029 TI - Acetaminophen extra strength capsules versus propoxphene compound-65 versus placebo: a double-blind study of effectiveness and safety. PMID- 805031 TI - Doxepin I.M. in the treatment of depression and anxiety. PMID- 805032 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of anaerobic infections. PMID- 805033 TI - In vitro activity of tobramycin and gentamicin against Enterobacteriaceae and gentamicin-resistant, carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 805034 TI - A rapidly dissolving theophylline tablet. PMID- 805035 TI - Primary meningococcal pericarditis presenting with tamponade. AB - An unusual case of a patient with primary meningococcal pericarditis presenting with tamponade is reported. tdespite repeated aspiration and appropriate antibiotic therapy with eradication of group C Neisseria meningitidis, pericardial effusion continued to reaccumulate. Institution of high-dosage corticosteroid therapy resulted in rapid resolution of the effusion. Only six other cases of primary meningococcal pericarditis have been reported in the English literature. Early manifestations of this disease are due to bacterial invasion of the pericardium. The later phase of intensive reaccumulation of sterile pericardial fluid may conceivably be related to meningococcal endotoxin and appears to be responsive to corticosteroid or salicylate therapy. Recognition of this phenomenon may obviate the necessity for a pericardiectomy. PMID- 805036 TI - Editorial: Antiangina or antimyocaridal ischemia drugs. PMID- 805037 TI - Effectiveness of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin in relieving angina pectoris during uninterrupted exercise. AB - Twenty patients with ischemic heart disease documented by coronary angiograms or ST segment depression in the ECG during treadmill walking, were administered sublingual nitroglycerin 0.3 to 0.6 mg on one occasion and a chewable form of isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg on another occasion during treadmill walking when anginal discomfort was definitely present at a mild degree of intensity. Despite continued walking at a constant speed and grade, angina was relieved in all patients, completely in most patients, partially in a few. The average time from administration of the medication to onset to relief was 74.7 seconds for nitroglycerin and 107.6 seconds for chewable isosorbide dinitrate. Average time to complete relief or maximal incomplete relief was 190.3 seconds for nitroglycerin and 315.1 seconds for chewable isosorbide dinitrate. Ischemic electrocardiographic changes were reverted toward normal by nitroglycerin in 13 subjects and by isosorbide dinitrate in 15. The differences in onset to complete relief were all statistically significant indicating that nitroglycerin is more rapid in its action than is chewable isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 805039 TI - [Long-term action of nitrites in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic investigations were performed before and after oral ingestion of nitroglycerine and isosorbide dinitrate, both in depot form, in eleven and nine patients, respectively, with coronary heart disease. Nitroglycerine (5 mg) led to a significant decrease in arterial and pulmonary artery mid-pressure over one to two hours. Heart rate and mean pulmonary capillary pressure as well as cardiac output and stroke volume hardly changed. After ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg) there was a continuous and significant fall in mean arterial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary pressure already demonstrable during the first hour. Cardiac output and left ventricular work decreased accordingly for up to four hours. At the same time the cardiac output remained constantly lowered over four hours despite the significant increase in frequency. Isosorbide dinitrate has thus a more complete and longer lasting protective haemodynamic effect than nitroglycerine. PMID- 805038 TI - Rectal necrosis following external radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate: report of a case. PMID- 805040 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerine in acute myocardial infarction: I: Sublingual nitroglycerine in the treatment of left-heart failure and pulmonary oedema (author's transl)]. AB - In 15 patients with left ventricular failure, ten with recent myocardial infarction and five with old infarct a highly significant fall in pulmonary artery pressure occurred within 3-5 minutes of sublingual administration of nitroglycerine, 0.8 and 1.6 mg. End-diastolic pulmonary-artery pressure, as an expression of left ventricular filling pressure, fell from 25 plus or minus 8 to 17 plus or minus 8 mm Hg (P smaller than 0.001). In some patients cardiac output rose markedly, while arterial blood pressure fell only slightly (not statistically significant). In six patients with pulmonary oedema there was a decrease in dyspnoea within a few minutes. Left-ventricular filling pressure fell markedly in all cases, in one patient from 50 to 27 mm Hg. This study indicates that nitroglycerine can be effective in the treatment of left-ventricular failure of various causes. PMID- 805041 TI - Effect of intracerebral serotonin administration on pituitary-thyroid function. AB - Thyroid function was investigated following intrahypothalamic implantation of cannulae containing 80 mug serotonin-creatine sulphate or after intraventricular injection of 100 mug of the same substance. Control animals received either needle implantations or intraventricular injections of creatine-sulphate. Thyroid/serum 131-I ratio, activity of the thyroid gland as evaluated histologically and thyrotrophic hormone (THS) content in the pituitary were significantly decreased in serotonin-treated animals. Thyrotrophic hormone releasing hormone (TRH) concentration of the hypothalamus was also significantly lowered in serotonin-treated animals when compared to intact controls. Creatine sulphate injected rats showed a slight decrease of TSH content of the pituitary and of TRH concentration of the hypothalamus which is probably due to a stress effect caused by the intracranial intervention and/or by the intraventricular administration of a relatively large molecule, such as creatine sulphate. It is concluded that serotonin decreases the functional activity of the hypothalamo pituitary-thyroid system by inhibiting the TRH-secretion of the hypothalamus. PMID- 805042 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone secretory physiology: studies by radioimmunoassay and affinity chromatography. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rat blood and mathanol extracts of hypothalami has been quantified by a specific TRH radioimmunoassay, in conjunction with TRH affinity chromatography. Blood TRH was found to be elevated dramatically after 1 h by the physiologic stimulus, ambient cold (4 C), which was also attended by a 2-fold rise in serum thyrotropin (TSH). The acute administration of parenteral triodothyronine (T3) over a period of 48 h prior to identical cold exposure completely abolished the rise in serum TSH. Blood TRH however, rose in a fashion qualitatively similar to that seen in euthyroid animals. Similarly, chronic induction (32 days) of experimental euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, which altered metabolic states were corroborated by measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) and TSH, did not result in any significant changes in either the hypothalamic content or blood concentration of TRH. These data provide direct documentation that the regulatory control of pituitary TSH secretion by T4 and/or T3 is not mediated by inhibiting the hypothalamic secretion of TRH, but presumably by inhibiting the actions of TRH at the level of the pituitary thyrotroph cell. PMID- 805043 TI - Familial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency in a patient with congenital hypothyroidism. AB - A kindred with deficiency of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) was presented. The propositus, a 1-year old female also had congenital hypothyroidism with ectopic (sublingual) thyroid. Decrease in TBG-binding capacity (TBG) values ranging from 1.2-10.2 mug/100 ml) was detected in the seven relatives on the maternal side. Of these subject 2 were male and 5 female; the males had the lowest binding capacities. But six members of paternal relatives were entirely normal in this respect. The mode of inheritance of the abnormality in this family was compatible with the presumption of Nikolai et al. and Shishiba et al., indicating that the inheritance was an X-linked semi-dominant trait. The kinetics of thyroxine (T4) was investigated in a case of partial TBG deficiency with congenital hypothroidism (propositus). The half-life of T4 was shortened, turnover rate increased, extrathyroidal organic iodine and degradetion rate of T4 decreased compared to normal values. PMID- 805044 TI - The pituitary ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, TSH and prolactin reserves in patients with Cushing's syndrome. AB - In order to know the pituitary reserves of ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, TSH and prolactin in patients with Cushing's syndrome, the responses of these hormones to hydrocortisone, lysine-8 vasopressin (LVP), insulin-induced hypoglycemia, luteinizing hormon-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were examined before and after treatment. Fourteen patients with Cushing's disease (adrenal hyperplasia), 3 patientswith adrenal adenoma and one patient with adrenal carcinoma were investigated. Before treatment, sufficient response of plasma ACTH to LVP was observed in patients with Cushing's disease, while no response was observed in 3 patients with adrenal adenoma. There was no significant difference in the responses of other pituitary hormones between the patients with Cushing's disease. and the patients with adrenal adenoma. The response of plasma GH to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was impaired in most these patients. The response of plasma TSH to TRH was impaired in 6 of 8 patients tested. The response of plasma LH and FSH to LH-RH were preserved in 6 and 5 of 8 patients, respectively. The response of plasma prolactin to TRH was normal in most patients tested. After treatment, the improvements of the impaired responses of GH, TSH, LH and FSH wereobserved. Therefore, the impaired reserve observed in these patients before treatment seemed to be due to the hypercortisolemia. If the difference of the suppressibility of these pituitary hormones by cortisol may be judged simply from our observation, the orderof the suppressibility is supposed to be ACTH, GH, TSH, LH and FSH, and then prolactin. PMID- 805045 TI - Immunological characterization of oncofetal alkaline phosphatases from human placenta and HeLa(71) cells. AB - Human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) exhibits a genetic polymorphism that is determined by the genotype of the fetus. A similar enzyme is produced by certain neoplasms and by some cells in culture. The relationships between these enzymes were investigated by immunological methods comparing human placental AP to the AP of HeLa(71) cells. Antiserum prepared against placental AP precipitated 90 percent of the enzyme and the catalytic activity was quantitatively recovered in the antigen-antibody precipitate. Enzyme-antibody complexes failed to migrate on starch gel electrophoresis, Antiserum against placental AP cross-reacted with HeLa(71)AP and HeLa(71)AP antiserum reacted with the placental enzyme. Immunological analysis by double diffusion in agar showed that the three common genetic variants of placental AP - F, FS and s - and the HeLa(71)AP were closely related when studied by antisera against both placental or HeLa(71)AP. When studied by immunodiffusion the genetic variants of human placental AP and the HeLa enzyme reacted with identity at the points of contact of the precipitation lines when precipitated by antisera against either enzyme. These findings support the view that the human placental and HeLa(71)APs are products of the same genetic locus. Derepression of a portion of the genome in association with malignant transformation might be responsible for ectopic production of this enzyme in HeLa(71) cells. PMID- 805046 TI - Separation of two new trypsin-inhibiting fractions from human serum. AB - Trace amounts of two unknown trypsin-inhibiting fractions have been separated from pooled human serum by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. They are immunologically different from alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2-macroglobulin or inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and they form two well separated peaks after rechromatography on DEAE Sephadex column. Both of these fractions also inhibit chymotrypsin but not elastase. Their relation to other trypsin inhibitors of human serum is discussed. PMID- 805047 TI - Source of the pregnancy serum N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase isoenzyme during human pregnancy. AB - The antisera to the A and B isoenzymes found in placenta and fetal liver were raised in rabbits. No antigenic difference was found between the fetal liver and adult tissue isoenzymes. Antisera to the placental isoenzymes did not react with the isoenzymes of adult tissues. The antibody raised against the placental B and fetal B liver isoenzyme decreased the N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in maternal serum at 38 weeks gestation to the value found in normal human serum. Immunological evidence has been presented that the isoenzyme of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase found only in pregnancy serum was of placental origin. PMID- 805048 TI - Relationship beteen activation of "detoxicating" enzymes in stored broken-cell preparations and in autolysing liver. AB - Activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) towards o-aminophenol, p-nitrophenol and bilirubin has been followed in portions of mouse liver stored for periods up to 24 h and in mouse-liver homogenates stored under similar conditions of time and temperature. In both preparations and for all three substrates the pattern of change of GT activity was closely similar. Activity decreased initially, then rose to an optimum higher than in fresh tissue before finally falling. Overall glucuronidation, as measured in slices, also follwed this pattern. The effect of cycloheximide and of detergents, and the levels of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, UDP glucuronic acid and aniline hydroxylase were also studied. It is concluded that autolysing liver tissue passes through a period of increased GT activity and glucuronidation corresponding in onset with spontaneous activation of GT in stored homogenates and probably originating by a similiar mechanism. This increase contrasts with progressive fall in hydroxylating activity. The latency of GT in vivo and the value of its activation in damaged liver are discussed. PMID- 805049 TI - Activation effects of sleep deprivation and sleep in seizure patients. An electroencephalographic study. AB - This paper reports on 294 patients with presumptive symptoms of epilepsy but no noteworthy, or only suspicious, EEG findings. With recording during sleep after 24-27 h of sleep deprivation, 138 persons showed definite epilepsy potentials. The remainder of the group showed no noteworthy findings. Nevertheless, on the basis of clinical observations and the course of the patient's illness, epilepsy was diagnosed in 27 patients of this second group. Neurophysiological aspects of the electroencephalographic provocation method are discussed. PMID- 805051 TI - Further studies on the therapy of organophosphorous anti-cholinesterase intoxication with veratrinic compounds; the role of calcium. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the role of calcium in the therapy of soman intoxication with 9-anthroic acid (ANCA), a compound with veratrine-like pharmacological properties. The effects of ANCA on the respiratory paralysis and on the calcium content of the blood and that of the hindleg muscles were determined in anaesthetized, atropinized rats injected with 4 times LD50 soman. The respiratory paralysis which in control animals occurs within a few min after the injection of soman can be delayed about 2.5 hr by treatment with ANCA. It was found that ANCA causes a small decrease of the blood calcium content, an effect which is potentiated by soman. A comparison was made between the calcium accumulation in the indirectly stimulated gastrocnemius-soleus muscles in these animals with that in the non-stimulated muscles on the other side. Whereas the injection of soman or ANCA alone caused no change, the combination of the two drugs induced a two-fold increase in the accumulation of calcium in the stimulated muscles. The non-stimulated muscles remained unaffected. The accumulation of calcium in the stimulated muscles induced by soman and ANCA could be partly antagonized by lowering the free calcium concentration of the blood by EDTA. Moreover, treatment with EDTA improved the therapeutic effects of ANCA. It is concluded that the therapy of soman poisoning with ANCA falls short in completely preventing respiratory failure since ANCA causes an accumulation of calcium in the stimulated muscles of soman-poisoned animals. PMID- 805050 TI - Assessment of verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - A brief review is given of the pharmacological data of verapamil, which chemically shows a certain similarity to papaverine. The effect of the drug (80 mg) 3 times daily, on angina pectoris, as compared with placebo, was evaluated in a double-blind cross-over therapeutic trial with 4-wk periods in 47 patients. The incidence of attacks and the nitroglycerine consumption decreased in the second fortnight of the verapamil period by approximately 25% compared with the placebo period. An ergometer test showed a prolongation of the exerice time of 20%. The mean blood pressure and the heart rate fell under verapamil treatment if the patients had values which were relatively high in the placebo period. The increase in heart rate during exercise from two different resting levels showed a tendency to become more pronounced under treatment with verapamil than under placebo. The length of the P-Q intervals were not affected by verapamil. The mechanism of action in angina pectoris is discussed, but it is concluded that it is still not possible to explain it. Twelve Danish medical departments took part in the trial. PMID- 805052 TI - Effect of ICI 66082, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug on blood glucose in the rat. AB - ICI 66082, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was found to produce hypoglycaemia in fasted rats. In fed rats a hyperglycaemic response was observed. The drug produced hypoglycaemia in fed adrenalectomised animals. The hypoglycaemic response to ICI 66082 was accompanied by elevations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations. The drug also reduced plasma glucose and increased IRI in moderately alloxan-diabetic rats. In severely diabetic animals The drug did not increase IRI concentrations and did not unequivocally lower plasma glucose concentrations. In vitro experiments showed ICI 66082 to increase glucose uptake by rat diaphragm muscle and epididymal adipose tissue. the hypoglycaemic response may be mediated by increases in plasms IRI concentrations with a possible contribution from direct effects of the drug on peripheral glucose utilization. As these responses differ from those published in relation to other beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs it is unlikely that the effects are due to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. However, like other beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs ICI 66082 reduced isoprenaline-mediated increase in plasma IRI. PMID- 805053 TI - Comparative vasodilator effects of nitroglycerin, pentaerythritol trinitrate and biometabolites, and other organic nitrates. AB - Previous studies in man have shown pentaerythritol (PE) trinitrate, given either sublingually or orally, produces a prolonged hypotensive effect. The coronary vasodilator and systemic vasodepressor activities of PE trinitrate and its metabolites, PE dinitrate, PE mononitrate and PE, were evaluated in dogs to determine whether the metabolites were active and contributory. Coronary vasodilator activity was estimated with a flow transducer placed on the left anterior descending artery, and reduction of arterial pressure was determined directly via the femoral artery. Quantitative comparisons were made from dose response curves established for nitroglycerin (ng), PE nitrates, and other common organic nitrates after intrajugular administration. Increase of coronary blood flow and reduction of arterial pressure were proportionally related, and the proportionality was the same for all drugs. Relative to NG, the potency of PE trinitrate was about 20 percent, erythrityl tetranitrate 12 percent, and isosorbide dinitrate 3.5 percent. The ratios of vasodilator activity of PE trinitrate and its metabolities were: PE trinitrate 100; PE dinitrate 1.5; PE mononitrate 0.5; and PE O. Tachyphylaxis was observed after close-order injections of NG or PE trinitrate. In addition, there was cross tolerance between NG and PE trinitrate and also between PE trinitrate and its less active metabolites. PMID- 805054 TI - Glutaraldehyde fixation and the mechanism of erythroycte agglutination by concanavalin A and soybean agglutinin. PMID- 805055 TI - Isolation, fractionation and template activity of the continously-condensed chromatin of Euglena gracilis. PMID- 805056 TI - Volume decrease of glycerinated polymorphoneclear leukocytes induced by ATP and Ca-2. PMID- 805057 TI - An electron microscopic study of the iris stroma in monkey and rabbit with particular reference to intercellular contacts and sympathetic innervation of anterior layer cells. PMID- 805059 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: early immune responses in infected mice. PMID- 805058 TI - Babesia microti: pathogenesis of parasite of human origin in the hamster. PMID- 805060 TI - Effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on rat testis. PMID- 805061 TI - Interaction of Rickettsia Prowazekii with phagocytes in the course of infectious process. A histological, immuno-luminescent and electron microscopic study of the mouse lung. PMID- 805062 TI - Hemoglobin solution as a plasma expander. AB - Stroma-free homoglobin solution has received extensive experimental trials in dogs and nonhuman primates. It has been shown to have no coagulant activity and to have no deleterious effect on renal function. Also pathological examination of autopsy and biopsy specimens fails to demonstrate any kidney damage after infusion of large amounts of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. In vivo data would also indicate that the solution can both carry oxygen and liberate it into tissues despite the fact that its in vitro oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the left. Animals can be maintained with a 3% hematocrit after exchange transfusion with hemoglobin solution, without any significant fall in blood pressure or rise in central venous pressure. This is not true for nonoxygen carrying plasma expanders. Hemoglobin solution has also been shown to have an effect on blood rheology which would tend to increase flow through microcirculation. We conclude that stroma-free hemoglobin solution has potential for use as a plasma expander for treatment of hemorrhagic and possibly other types of shocks, as well as other uses. PMID- 805063 TI - "Bloodless" rats through the use of artificial blood substitutes. AB - Artificial blood substitutes have been prepared with liquid fluorocarbons, Pluronic polyols, hydroxyethyl starch, electrolytes, and bicarbonate buffer. Dispersing the fluorocarbons is by sonication in the presence of the polyols. A CO-2 atmosphere is provided to prevent the formation of fluoride ions which otherwise form. Viscosity, oncotic pressure, osmotic pressure, and pH are adjusted to that of rat blood. With such preparations all of the normal blood of rats can be replaced. Such animals survive, carry out usual functions, regenerate blood cells and plasma protein, and continue to grow and develop. Volumes up to 30 times the blood volume of the rat have been perfused. Perfluorotributylamine has been the most successful of the fluorocarbons, in spite of its prolonged retention in the tissues, but progress has been made with the perfluorodecalins which leave the tissues rapidly. "Bloodless" rats show no reaction to dextran which ordinarily causes acute hypersensitivity reactions in normal rats. Rabbit antirat serum, which has little effect on normal rats, is toxic to "bloodless" rats. Lack of circulating enzymes in "bloodless" rats. Lack of circulating enzymes in "bloodless" rats allows a) specific enzymes to be given to achieve the enzyme profile desired; and b) enzyme-labile compounds to be kept in circulation. "Bloodless" rats made possible by artificial blood substitutes afford a new biomedical research tool. PMID- 805064 TI - Development of the mouse blastocyst after actinomycin D treatment. AB - Mouse blastocysts were incubated in vitro with actinomycin D in concentrations of 10-1 to 10-5 mug/ml. After transfer to recipient animals, there was a moderate but significant decrease in implantations at 10-minus 1 to 10-minus 3 and 10 minus 5. There was a severe inhibition of subsequent development at concentrations of 10-minus 1 and 10-minus 2. One of 49 fetuses which developed after actinomycin D treatment had a major malformation; there was one major and one minor abnormality among 95 control fetuses. It is suggested that most of the RNA or protein required to effect implantation is synthesized or coded for prior to the blastocyst state. The moderate but significant decrease in implantations found after actinomycin D treatment at this stage may reflect the ability of the drug to reduce cell adhesiveness. This study confirms the impression that the preimplantation embryo is relatively impervious to teratogenic agents, even one as potent as actinomycin D. PMID- 805065 TI - The effect of some inducers of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on the urinary excretion of D-glucuronic acid metabolites in the rat. PMID- 805066 TI - Use of gel filtration to monitor ribosome-membrane interaction. PMID- 805068 TI - Tyrosinase activity in larvae of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga barbarta. PMID- 805067 TI - The role of the 1,6 alpha-glucosidic bond in the synthesis of alpha-glucans. PMID- 805069 TI - Localized defects of blastoderm formation in maternal effect mutants of Drosophila. PMID- 805070 TI - Uptake and binding of beta-ecdysone in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 805072 TI - A latex agglutination test for meningococcal infection diagnosis. AB - Immunodiagnosis is very useful especially in cases where bacteriological diagnosis cannot be made because of the high sensitivity of Neisseria meningitidis. A sensitive reaction is described for the detection of antimeningococcal antibodies using as antigen a latex suspension specifically sensitized with saline extracts from N. meningitidis groups A, B and C. The results prove the genus, species and serotype specificity of this reaction. The method is quick and easy to carry out, even in laboratories which do not possess elaborate equipment. The latex-antigen has the advantages of stability and possibility of standardization. PMID- 805071 TI - Cellular aspects of local antibody response in rabbits. AB - Live or inactivated influenza virus is inoculated intratracheally to rabbit. After 4 days or more, lungs are washed with 50 ml of saline and fluid is examined for immunoglobulin and antibody content as well as for type and properties of free cells. IgA and IgG are detectable in the fluid but not IgM. Specific antiviral activity is associated only with IgA at the earliest stages. Free cells are so called 'alveolar macrophages' as demonstrated by shape and phagocytic or enzymatic properties. Their total numbers vary according to type of immunization: non-immunized 5.10-5. inactivated virus 2.10-6. live virus 10.10-6. A high percentage (50 to 90 percent) are positive in IgA IF test, only 10 percent with IgG test. Peroxydase electron microscopy shows intracellular presence of IgA. PMID- 805073 TI - Bovine adenoviruses. A review of vaccination experiments. AB - The adenoviruses are one of the virus groups involved in the respiratory disease complex in young cattle and are one of the causes of great economic losses. A statement of the identified bovine adenoviruses and their pathogenicity in cattle is given. The number of eight bovine serotypes is expected to increase as research continues and unidentified strains are compared with recognized types. The vaccination trials which have been done until now with bovine adenovirus vaccines have been limited to the examination of the internal humoral response. The ability to resist challenge with homologous or heterologous virus has never been investigated. The cell-mediated immunity has not been studied at all and the secretory local immunity to a very limited degree. Inactivated bovine adenovirus vaccines have been shown to stimulate the antibody production in young calves. On the whole, oil adjuvant vaccines are most effective both in respect of initial antibody response and in duration of demonstrable antibodies. The disadvantages of live bovine adenovirus vaccines are discussed. PMID- 805074 TI - Immunity to avian infectious bronchitis. AB - Avian infectious bronchitis is recognized clinically as a respiratory disease in its only natural host,the chicken, but the virus is disseminated throughout other systems by a viraemia with localization especially in the kidney and oviduct. The sensitivity or instability of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the virus under laboratory stress or natural influences complicates the selection of seed virus for vaccines. Modified or attenuated active virus vaccines induce greater protection against subsequent infection than do inactive virus vaccines. Maternal antibody is effective in providing passive immunity for about two weeks after the chick is hatched. Immunoglobulins induced by primary infection or by vaccination are IgG effective for neutralization of virus by circulating antibody, and presumably secretory IgA in the respiratory tract, with the latter being more effective as evidenced by protection of the trachea against reinfection. The level of humoral antibody is not necessarily correlative with immunity based on chicken protection tests against challenge with virulent virus. A true carrier status apparently does not result from primary infection but it has been suggested that the chicken may possibly become an immune carrier. PMID- 805075 TI - Protection by natural infection and vaccination against respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasmas. AB - Following recovery from mycoplasmal respiratory disease animals are resistant to reinfection. The mechanism of this immunity is not well understood; usually there is poor correlation between circulating antibody levels and the degree of resistance to reinfection, but more work is needed to both man and animals on the significance of the different classes and types of circulating antibody. Because mycoplasmal infection of the respiratory tract is largely confined to the epithelial surface, it seems likely that local immunity will prove to be important. The levels of specific immunoglobulins, particularly IgA, in respiratory tract secretions may be related to immunity. It is probably, however, that cell-mediated immunity is the main determinant of resistance to mycoplasmal respiratory disease: firstly, there is evidence in several diseases that lymphocytes can be transformed by mycoplasmal antigen and there are some indications thatthe degree of this cell-mediated immunity might correlate with resistance to infection; secondly, antigen has produced skin reactions indicative of delayed hypersensitivity in some mycoplasmal diseases. Vaccination with inactivated vaccines has not produced satisfactory immunity; attenuated mycoplasma strains or temperature-sensitive mutants seem more likely to afford adequate protection against respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasmas. PMID- 805076 TI - Plasma and cerebrosponal fluid amino acid levels in diabetic ketoacidosis before and after corrective therapy. AB - To evaluate the effect of insulin-saline-bicarbonate therapy on amino acid metabolism in diabetic ketoacidosis, arterial and venous blood samples as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from six patients before and after initiation of corrective therapy. Levels of CSF glutamine were decreased while alanine alpha-amino-n-butyrate, valine, isoleucine and leucine were increased significantly compared to a control group composed of six normal, postabsorptive adults free of any neurologic disease. Following therapy, CSF levels of alanine, alpha-amino-n-butyrate, valine, isoleucine, and leucine declined while glutamine levels did not change. Admission arterial plasma levels of the glycogenic amino acids were lower than normal while the branched-chain amino acids were elevated. Plasma alanine and glutamine arterio-venous (A-V) differences across forearm tissue were larger. After four hours of corrective therapy, arterial plasma levels of most of the amino acids had declined sharply and A-V differences for glutamine and alanine were markedly reduced (p smaller than.025 and p smaller than.01, paired t, respectively). Coincident with the decrease in A-V amino acid differences, plasma glucagon and free fatty acid levels declined significantly. These data suggest that the effect exerted by insulin-saline-bicarbonate therapy on amino acid metabolism is manifested by diminished A-V plasma alanine and glutamine differences across forearm tissue. Thus, the role played by the splanchnic bed both before and following corrective measures may be secondary to substrate availability. PMID- 805077 TI - Modulation of fatty acid metabolism by glucagon in man. II. Effects in insulin deficient diabetics. AB - The potential role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketogenesis was examined by intravenous glucagon administration (1.0 mug/kg. body weight) in five insulin-dificient diabetic subjects. The metabolic response was defined by examining the changes in the plasma concentration of insulin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, betahydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate in comparison to those changes occuring in five nondiabetic control subjects tested under identical experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that in the absence of endogenous insulin secretion, exogenous glucagon administration results in an enhanced ketonemia indipendent of the rise of FFA substrate. This augmented ketogenic response to glucagon in diabetic subjects was not reflected in the dynamics of glucose regulation, with similar changes in blood glucose concentration occurring in both diabetic and nondiabetic populations. These data demonstrate that glucagon may potentiate ketonemia in insulin-deficient diabetics, although the mechanism mediating this augmentation is not defined. Since the rise in FFA substrate was indistinguishable in the diabetic as compared to the control group, increased hepatic conversion of FFA substrate into ketone bodies is suggested. PMID- 805078 TI - Structural and hormonal alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of parenterally fed rats. AB - This study examines the effect of prolonged absence of oral food intake on structural parameters of the gastrointestinal tract in rats maintained nutritionally by intravenous feeding for up to 3 weeks. During this time, their body weights increased by 22%. Controls fed a nearly isocaloric oral diet were sham operated and harnessed in the same manner as their parenterally fed counterparts. Parenteral feeding resulted in a significant decrease in the weights (per 100 g body weight) of the oxyntic gland area of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. The weights of the spleen, testes, kidneys, and antral region of the stomach were unaltered. In the small intestine there was a significant loss of DNA and a near doubling of the RNA:DNA ratio in the parenterally fed animals. In the absence of an oral diet antral gastrin levels decreased to one-thirtieth of the control level. The following conclusions are suggested by these results. First, the oral intake and/or physical presence of food within the gastrointestinal tract are necessary for structural maintenance of some tissues of that tract. Second, the disproportionate decrease in weight that occurs in certain tissues is apparently unrelated to the absence of nutrients which might normally be utilized directly from the lumen. Third, maintenance of normal tissue stores of the hormone, gastrin, is dependent on stimuli provided by oral ingestion and the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 805080 TI - Effects of SR-spirochete infection on Drosophila melanogaster carrying intersex genes. AB - Three sex-transforming genes (ix, tra-D, and dsx) in D. melanogaster were examined with respect to possible interactions with the NSR strain SR spirochetes. The SR-spirochetes exerted a lethal effect on XY but not on XX individuals, regardless of whether they were phenotypically males, intersexes, or females. These results, taken together with those reported by Sakaguchi and Poulson (1963)on tra and 2X3A intersexes, both of which are resistant to the androcidal action of SR-spirochetes, support the interpretation that male susceptibility is a consequence of the single X condition. PMID- 805079 TI - Action of gastrin on gastrointestinal structure and function. AB - In previous communications we have reported using the rat fed by total parenteral nutrition to examine the effects of the absence of food from the gut on functional and structural parameters of the gastrointestinal tract. In the current study three groups of animals were fed parenterally; one received a continuous infusion of pentagastrin equal to about one-half the D50 for acid secretion, another received a comparable infusion of histamine, and a third group was given only the liquid diet. These animals were compared to orally fed sham operated controls. The parenterally fed animals had significantly lower levels of antral and serum gastrin. When compared to whole body weight, the weights of the oxyntic gland area of the stomach, the pancreas, and the small intestine were significantly lower. In addition, the total and specific activities of the disaccharidase enzymes were significantly reduced. Pentagastrin prevented both the decreases in weights of the gastrointestinal tissues and the decreases in dissaccharidase activity. Histamine was without effect. We conclude that pentagastrin prevents the changes in gastrointestinal structure and function caused by the absence of food from the gut and that the trophic action of gastrin is necessary for the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 805081 TI - Lethal effects of low and "null" activity alleles of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - EMS-induced "null" and low activity alleles for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were characterized with respect to enzymatic activity, relative viability, fertility, and the effective lethal phase. It was determined that flies hemizygous and homozygous for the low activity allele, Pgd minus, possessed a depressed development rate, diminished viability, and loss of female female fertility. Heterozygotes for Pgd minus and a deficiency for Pgd+ were lethal. The "null" activity allele demonstrated a lethal phenotype in both the hemizygous and homozygous condition. The effective lethal phase for the "null" allele occurs during late embryonic development (20-22 hr). PMID- 805082 TI - Resolution of an equivocal genetic element in Drosophila melanogaster: organization of the maroon-like locus. AB - Despite extensive prior study, an understanding of the genetic organization of the maroon-like locus (ma-l:1-64n has been elusive. A large-scale, three-point fine structure recombination experiment is described, wholse results provide documentation for an inexcapable argument that maroon-like is a single element rather than a polycistronic system. PMID- 805083 TI - A possible role of repetitious DNA in recombinatory joining during chromosome rearrangement in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - It is postulated that certain repetitious DNA components play a role in the recombination processes during chromoxome reappangements. When the distribution of silver grain densities after the in situ hybridization of repetitious DNA (RUDKIN and TARTOF 1973) and the distribution of chromosome breaks due to X irradiation (KAUFMANN 1946) are compared, a strong correlation is found for the euchromatic portion of the D. melanogaster salivary X chromosome. These observations justify the postulate above that certain repetitious DNA provides homologous regions in the DNA of broken chromosome ends necessary for proper recombinatory joining. PMID- 805084 TI - A genetic analysis of phototactic behavior in Drosophila melanogaster I. Selection in the presence of inversions. AB - The effectiveness of selection for positive and negative phototactic behavior in populations of Drosophila melanogaster heterozygous for various multiple inversions was compared using the method of realized heritability. Selection in the presence of FM6, SM1 or TM3 alone was as effective as in populations carrying no inversions. However, the presence of FM6 and TM3 together reduced the effectiveness of selection for photopositive behavior and FM6 and SM1 and TM3 restricted the response to selection for negative phototactic behavior. The results are discussed in terms of the organization of genes influencing phototactic behavior in this species. PMID- 805085 TI - Geriatric services--the patient's views. PMID- 805086 TI - Day care in geriatric psychiatry. AB - Psychiatric day care for the ederly is still in its relative infancy in this country, and we can expect a great increase in demand. Treatment may be less prominent among the functions of a psychogeriatric day hospital than supportive care and tolerance of odd and confused behaviour. Psychogeriatric day patients tend to become permanent, their attendance being more often terminated by inpatient admission than by discharge; in demented patients this is because their needs are unlikely to abate, and these patients often need to come daily; in many functional patients it is because they become dependent on the day hospital, and manage quite well provided they can come once a week. Thus it is only rarely that short-term day hospital attendance provides an alternative to short-term hospitalisation; more commonly it is an extension of long-term care, or an alternative to long-term hospitalisation. Some practicalities are considered, and some still open issues. PMID- 805087 TI - Health Security Act will improve system at less cost. PMID- 805088 TI - The immunology of experimental Chagas' disease. II. Delayed hypersensitivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigens. AB - Homogenates of suspensions of the trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the Ernestina strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, derived from tissue cultures, yielded two subcellular fractions which elicited strong delayed hypersensitivity reactions in rabbits. The 100,000 g times 90 minute fraction of T. cruzi homogenates gave rise to marked cell-mediated immunity. The 30,000 g times 35 minute fraction of these homogenates was also capable of eliciting a marked cell-mediated immune response. Cell-mediated immunity was assayed by experiments which established passive transfer, inhibition of blood mononuclear cell migration and blast transformation by T. cruzi--sensitized lymphocytes. Sensitized lymphocytes did not have observable effects on trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. The results of the experiments described here strongly suggest that constituents of intracytoplasmic particles of trypomastigotes and amastigotes of T. cruzi are involved in eliciting cell mediated immunity in rabbits. PMID- 805089 TI - Modes and sites of "analgesic" action of anesthetics on the spinal cord. PMID- 805090 TI - Cicatricial pemphicoid. PMID- 805091 TI - Self-assessment mini-program. PMID- 805092 TI - Mechanisms of ocular development. PMID- 805093 TI - The beverage industry and alcohol education. PMID- 805094 TI - A new look at alcohol education in the schools. Redirecting psychological and social patterns. PMID- 805095 TI - Drinking myths: a guided tour through folklore, fantasy, humbug & hogwash. PMID- 805096 TI - A new look at alcohol education in the schools. Providing a variety of viewpoints. PMID- 805097 TI - A new look at alcohol education in the schools. A view toward prevention. PMID- 805098 TI - A new look at alcohol education in the schools. Responsible decision making. PMID- 805099 TI - Alcohol education in Texas. PMID- 805100 TI - A new look at alcohol education in the schools. Why abstinence? PMID- 805101 TI - Emergency care and the schools. A working model for simulation techniques. PMID- 805103 TI - A health educator's role in the problem of child abuse. PMID- 805102 TI - Emergency care policy. PMID- 805104 TI - The A.S. Degree in emergency medical care and rescue. PMID- 805105 TI - THETA: Teenage Health Education Teaching Assistants. PMID- 805106 TI - Emergency care in the Inner City. PMID- 805107 TI - Emergency care and the schools. Testing a multimedia course. PMID- 805108 TI - The reactions of glutaraldehyde with nucleic acids. AB - The kinetics of the reactions between glutaraldehyde, RNA and DNA have been investigated. At temperatures up to 64 degree C no reaction occurred between native DNA and glutaraldehyde. At temperatures above 75 degree C the reaction followed pseudofirst order kinetics, proceeding more quickly at higher temperatures. Reactions between RNA and glutaraldehyde were similar, except that they began above 45 degree C. These findings were corroborated by thermal transition profiles. There was little evidence for the formation of cross-links between nucleic acid molecules even at elevated temperatures. PMID- 805109 TI - Import quarantine regulations: do they meet our needs? PMID- 805110 TI - Antimetabolites produced by microorganisms. XII (S)-alanyl-3-[alpha-(S)-chloro-3 (S)-hydroxy 2-oxo-3-azetidinylmethyl]-(S)-alanine, a new beta-lactam containing natural product. AB - (S)-Alanyl-3-[alpha-(S)-chloro-3-(S)-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-azetidinylmethyl]-(S) alanine was isolated from a fermentation broth of an unidentified Streptomyces species 372 A. The structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The substance inhibits the growth of several strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in a chemically defined medium but growth inhibition is relieved by addition of L-glutamine to the medium. PMID- 805111 TI - New antibiotic XK-62-2 (sagamicin). II Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentative production and characterization of sagamicin. AB - Cultures of Micromonospora species, strains MK 65 and MK 62, were found to produce a new antibiotic XK-62-2 (Sagamicin). Antibacterial and paperchromatographic data on an eluate from IRC50 treatment of fermentation beers indicated that XK62-2 is a new antibiotic with broad spectrum, basic, and water soluble properties, probably closely related to the gentamicin C group of antibiotics. PMID- 805112 TI - Bioconversion of ribostamycin (SF-733). II. Isolation and structure of 3-N acetylribostamycin, a microbiologically inactive product of ribostamycin produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus. AB - The isolation and structure determination of 3-N-acetylribostamycin, a microbiologically inactive derivative, produced enzymatically from ribostamycin by Streptomyces ribosidificus is described. The location of the acetyl group was established by mass and NMR spectrometry of the new compound and its derivatives, and by optical rotation studies conducted on N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-deoxystreptamine. The latter compound was obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of tri-N ethoxycarbonyl-N-acetylribostamycin. PMID- 805113 TI - Chemical characterization of new antibiotics, cerexins A and B. (Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. II) AB - Acid hydrolysis revealed that the antibiotic cerexin A is constructed with aspartic acid (3), threonine (1), serine (1), valine (2), allo-isoleucine (1), gamma-hydroxylysine (1), tryptophan (1), and a variety of fatty acid residues. The essential difference between cerexins A and B is concluded to be replacement of serine and one valine residue in cerexin A by glycine and phenylalanine in cerexin B. Isolation of a new amino acid L-threo-gamma-hydroxylysine is also described. PMID- 805114 TI - Antibiotics from Mycoplasma. II. Characterization of antibiotics produced by Mycoplasma sp. RPIII. PMID- 805115 TI - Naphthomycin, a novel ansa macrocyclic antimetabolite. Proton NMR spectra and structure elucidation using lanthanide shift reagent. PMID- 805116 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms 137. Rinamycin, a new inhibitor of RNA synthesis. AB - A new antibiotic rinamycin was isolated from the culture mycelium of a streptomycete designated as Streptomyces venezuelae TU 1102. The antibiotic was obtained as a honey-coloured powder having the tentative molecular formula C20H55N08. It exhibits a significant inhibition of fungi, yeasts, gram-negative bacteria. The primary site of action of the antibiotic was suggested to be the RNA metabolism of rinamycin-sensitive cells. PMID- 805117 TI - The diumycin complex. Comparative studies on antibiotics from diumycin-and macarbomycin-fermentations. AB - Six phosphorus-containing antibiotics were isolated from both diumycin and macarbomycin fermentation products. On the basis of their chromatographic behavior and of their physico-chemical and microbiological properties it can be assumed that not only the main component but also the five minor components are the same in both antibiotic complexes. A comparison of the six components with the known classifications of diumycins and macarbomycins was made. PMID- 805118 TI - Biological studies of amiclenomycin. AB - The action of amiclenomycin (AM) in inhibiting growth of microorganisms is specific against mycobacteria in vitro, but the antibiotic does not show a therapeutic effect against tubercle bacilli in vivo. The action of AM is reversed by biotin, desthiobiotin (DTB) and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), but not by 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA), pimelic acid and glutaric acid. In the presence of AM, cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus sphaericus accumulated KAPA, whereas the formation of DTB decreased. Therefore, AM is thought to inhibit KAPA-DAPA transamination in biotin biosynthesis. In M. smegmatic and B. sphaericus the conversions of KAPA to DAPA and of DTB to biotin were rate limiting in biotin synthesis. Accordingly, the synergistic antibiotic activity of AM, inhibiting the former, and actithiazic acid, inhibiting the latter reaction, would be simply explained. PMID- 805120 TI - The design of fermentation and biological assay procedures for assessment of penicillin production in populations of Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 805119 TI - Studies of the mode of action of amiclenomycin. AB - Amiclenomycin (AM) was found to be a strong inhibitor of KAPA-DAPA aminotransferase of Brevibacterium divaricatum. This transamination was suggested to follow Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism. Inhibition of this transamination by AM is of a noncompetitive type in a Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial velocity, but not in a Dixon plot. The activity of KAPA-DAPA aminotransferase drops abruptly after preincubation with AM, but its activity is restored by dialysis against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Inhibition by AM is decreased by an increase of KAPA in the reaction mixture, but not by an increase of S-adenosyl-L methionine (SAM) or pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PALP). These facts indicate that AM exerts its inhibitory action against KAPA-DAPA aminotransferase by binding to the enzyme, probably to the KAPA-DAPA binding site. PMID- 805121 TI - Identification of Bacillus subtilis from sausage products and spices. PMID- 805122 TI - Stability of ribosomal and transfer ribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli B/r after treatment with ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid and rifampicin. AB - A short treatment with ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid to permeabilize bacteria for various antibiotics or treatment with the ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis inhibitor rifampin causes a slow degradation of 50S and 30S ribosomal particles and of the corresponding 23S and 16S ribosomal RNA species (about 25 percent in 1 h). The effects are additive such that the decay is about 50 percent/h if rifampin is employed after permeabilization by ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid. The 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA are essentially stable under these conditions. PMID- 805124 TI - Enzymatic adaptation by bacteria under pressure. AB - A study of enzymic adaptation under hydrostatic pressure by moderately barotolerant bacteria that can grow at pressure up to about 500 atm revealed that some adaptive processes are relatively insensitive to pressure, whereas others are sufficiently barosensitive to compromise survival capacity in situations requiring adaptation to new substrates under pressure. Examples of the former include adaptation of Escherichia coli to arabinose catabolism for growth and adaptation of Streptococcus faecalis to catabolism of lactose, ribose, or maltose. Examples of the latter include derepression of the lac operon in Escherichia coli and induction of penicillinase synthesis by Bacillus licheniformis. For both these barosensitive systems, pressure had little effect on enzyme levels in constitutive strains or in bacteria that had previously been induced at 1 atm. Moreover, it had no detectable effect on penicillinase secretion. However, pressures of 300 to 400 atm were found to reduce markedly rates and extents of enzyme synthesis by bacteria undergoing derepression or adaptation. This inhibitory effect of pressure was reflected in greater barosensitivity with extended lag and slower growth of initially unadapted Escherichia coli cells inoculated into minimal medium with lactose as sole source of carbon and fuel, and by major reductions in the minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G for unadapted B. licheniformis cells inoculated into complex, antibiotic-containing media. Cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate did not reverse pressure inhibition of derepression of the lac operon, and catabolite repression was complete under pressure. However, derepression of the lac operon was more sensitive to pressure at low concentrations of inducer than at high concentrations. Apparent volume changes for derepression were 94 and 60 ml/mol at inducer concentrations of about 0.5 and 5 mM, respectively. Pressure was found not to be inhibitory for uptake of beta-galactosides; in fact, it was somewhat stimulatory. Therefore, results were interpreted in terms of inducer binding and subsequent conversion of an operator-inducer-repressor complex to inactive repressor and operator. Both reactions appeared to result in an increase in volume, the former more so than the latter. We found also that 200 atm was actually stimulatory for growth of Escherichia coli in minimal media, and the bacterium was in a sense barophilic. PMID- 805123 TI - Alteration of tyrosine isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acid species in wild type and asporogenous strains of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The relative amounts of two isoacceping species of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid, tRNATyrI and tRNATyrII, determined from reversed phase 5 profiles of tyrosyl-tRNA, prepared from Bacillus subtilis strain W168, were growth phase and medium dependent. The growth phase-dependent alterations in the relative amounts of tRNATyr species were also demonstrated in 11 asporogenous strains of B. subtilis. The proportion of tRNA-Tyr species and the extent of the alteration in their relative amounts during the transition from the exponential to the stationary phase of growth of these strains was not directly correlated with the formation of spores by strain W168 grown in various media or the stage at which the asporogenous strains are blocked in the process of sporulation. PMID- 805125 TI - Fate of heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis. AB - CsCl density gradient fractionation of cell lysates was employed to follow the fate of Escherichia coli, phage T6, and non-glucosylated phage T6 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after uptake by competent cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 thy minus trp minus. Shortly after uptake, most of the radioactive Escherichia coli or non-glucosylated T6 DNA was found in the denatured form; the remainder of the label was associated with recipient DNA. Incubation of the cells after DNA uptake led to the disappearance of denatured donor DNA and to an increase in the amount of donor label associated with recipient DNA. These findings are analogous to those previously reported with homologous DNA. By contrast, T6 DNA, which is poorly taken up, appeared in the native form shortly after uptake and was degraded on subsequent incubation. The nature of the heterologous DNA fragments associated with recipient DNA was investigated with Escherichia coli 2-H and 3-H-labeled DNA. Association of radioactivity with recipient DNA decreased to one-fourth in the presence of excess thymidine; residual radioactivity could not be separated from recipient DNA by shearing (sonic oscillation) and/or denaturation, but was reduced by one-half in the presence of a DNA replication inhibitor. Residual radioactivity associated with donor DNA under these conditions was about 5% of that originally taken up. Excess thymidine, but not the DNA replication inhibitor, also decreased association of homologous DNA label with recipient DNA; but, even in the presence of both of these, the decrease amounted to only 60%. It is concluded that most, or all, of the Escherichia coli DNA label taken up is associated with recipient DNA in the form of mononucleotides via DNA replication. PMID- 805126 TI - Protease and peptidase activities in growing and sporulating cells and dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Peptidase and protease activities on many different substrates have been determined in several stages of growth of Bacillus megaterium. Extracts of log phase cells, sporulating cells, and dormant spores of B. megaterium each hydrolyzed 16 different di- and tripeptides. The specific peptidase activity was highest in dormant spores, and the activity in sporulating cells and log-phase cells was about 1.2-fold and 2- to 3-fold lower, respectively. This peptidase acticity was wholly intracellular since extracellular peptidase activity was not detected throughout growth and sporulation. In contrast, intracellular protease activity on a variety of common protein substrates was highest in sporulating cells, and much extracellular activity was also present at this time. The specific activity of intracellular protease in sporulating cells was about 50- and 30-fold higher than that in log-phase cells and dormant spores, respectively. However, the two unique dormant spores proteins known to be the major species degraded during spore germination were degraded most rapidly by extracts of dormant spores, and slightly slower by extracts from log-phase or sporulating cells. The specific activities for degradation of peptides and proteins are compared to values for intracellular protein turnover during various stages of growth. PMID- 805127 TI - Interaction of Mg-2+ with peptidoglycan and its relation to the prevention of lysis of a marine pseudomonad. AB - Intact cells of marine pseudomonad B-16 (ATCC 19855) which have been washed with a solution of NaCl require only 0.001 M MgSO4 and 100 to 300 times this concentration of NaCl or KCl to prevent lysis. Conversion of intact cells to mureinoplasts, a process involving removal of the outer double-track layer (outer membrane) and the periplasmic space layer of the cell wall, approximately doubled the requirement for the three salts to prevent lysis. The formation of protoplasts from mureinoplasts by removing the peptidoglycan layer again doubled the requirement for Na+ and K+ salts but increased the requirement for the Mg-2+ salt 200- to 300-fold. Cells of the marine pseudomonad suspended in solutions containing Mg-2+ salts failed to lyse on subsequent repeated suspension in distilled water, whereas cells presuspended in NaCl lysed immediately. Isolated envelope layers including the peptidoglycan layer, when dialyzed against solutiions containing Mg-2+ salts, retained Mg-2+ after subsequent suspension in distilled water. Envelope layers exposed to solutions of Na+ or K+ salts failed to retain these ions after exposure to distilled water. Na+ displaced Mg-2+ from the cell envelope layers. The results obtained indicate that the capacity of Mg 2+ salts at very low concentration to prevent lysis of intact cells and mureinoplasts of this organism is due primarily to the interaction of Mg-2+ with the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. Ion interaction with the layers lying outside of the peptidoglycan layer contributes only a small amount to the mechanical strength of the wall. PMID- 805128 TI - Nature of the suppressor of Bacillus subtilis HA101B. AB - The suppressor of Bacillus subtilis HA101B is shown to act by suppression of polypeptide chain termination. The efficiency of suppression is 25 to 30%. PMID- 805129 TI - Purification of fibrinogen using cationic detergent. AB - Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride was used to isolate human fibrinogen, and purified protein was obtained by removing the detergent bound to it. Medium consisting of 0.015--0.03 mM fibrinogen-detergent complex, 0.85 M NaCl, 0.03 M sodium caprylate, and 30 per cent ethanol was found to be effective for renaturation of fibrinogen from the complex. The purified fibrinogen did not form any fibrils on incubation for 15 days with Ca-2+ at pH 7.2, and 37 degrees. The clottability of the purified fibrinogen was over 99 per cent. Immunochemical studies showed that the purified fibrinogen produced one precipitation line with a mixture of anti-human fibrinogen and anti-human serum. Although highly purified, the fibrinogen preparation still contained a trace of plasminogen. PMID- 805130 TI - The host factor required for RNA phage Qbeta RNA replication in vitro. Intracellular location, quantitation, and purification by polyadenylate-cellulose chromatography. AB - The Qbeta host factor, a heat-stable protein necessary in concert with Qbeta replicase for phage Qbeta RNA replication in vitro, has been localized in Escherichia coli and found to be associated primarily with ribosomes. This location has been established both by complement fixation assays with highly specific antiserum directed against the host factor, and by in vitro stimulation of Qbeta RNA replication by the Qbeta replicase. The complement fixation assay has provided the estimate that there are approximately 2500 copies of the host factor polypeptide per cell. The host factor is released from the ribosomes by a 1 M NH4Cl wash and concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. It can be purified to apparent homogeneity in one further step by chromatography on poly(A) cellulose. Ribosomal protein S1 subunit I of Qbeta replicase) also binds to the poly(A)-cellulose column and elutes before the host factor. In agreement with previous reports, we find that the host factor has a monomer molecular weight of 12,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, and a native molecular weight of 72,000 as judged by the stoichiometric interaction of the host factor with Qbeta RNA, by sedimentation in sucrose velocity gradients, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel mobility when incompletely disaggregated. The Qbeta host factor is a potent inhibitor of an in vitro poly(A)-directed polylysine protein-synthesizing system, but has less effect on the in vitro translation of poly(U), R17 RNA, late T7 mRNA, or endogenous E. coli mRNA. The amino acid composition and NH2- terminal sequence rule out the host factor as one of the known 30 S or 50 S E. coli ribosomal proteins. The finding that the Qbeta host factor is associated with ribosomes in vivo completes the demonstration that all of the host-supplied proteins required for phage Qbeta RNA replication in vitro are either associated with ribosomes or are involved in the protein-synthetic machinery of the cell. PMID- 805131 TI - Regulation of initiation and elongation factor levels in Escherichia coli as assessed by a quantitative immunoassay. AB - These studies are directed toward determining whether the structural genes for protein biosynthetic factors comprise an operon subject to coordinate regulation in Escherichia coli. To assess coordinate expression of these genes, an immunoassay was devided to enable accurate quantitation of initiation and elongation factors in crude bacterial extracts. The antibodies made against highly purified initiation factor 2 (IF-2A and IF-2B) and elongation factor G (EF G) are shown to inhibit the appropriate in vitro reactions and precipitate proteins co-migrating with appropriate factors on polyacrylamide gels. Immunoprecipitation in combination with gel electrophoresis was employed to make quantitative measurements of the amounts of IF-2 (A and B) relative to EF-G present in cells at different growth rates. The results show that the ratio of EF G to IF-2 varies in a consistent way with the generation time of the cell. IF-2 levels remain constant as cells double more rapidly, WHEREAS THE EF-G content increases with more rapid cell growth. PMID- 805132 TI - The role of divalent cations in the reactions of valyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli. Effects of spermine and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. AB - We have analyzed the function of spermine in the aminoacylation of tRNA-Val by the valyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that Mg2+ is required for the aminoacylation reaction as well as for the ATP-PP-i exchange catalyzed by this enzyme. The apparent stimulation by spermine is a function of the tRNA used, which appears to contain bound cations even after dialysis against 10 minus 4 M EDTA. Higher concentrations of EDTA totally abolish spermine stimulated esterification of tRNA-Val. PMID- 805133 TI - Aminoacyl transfer RNA formation. V. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate on isoleucyl transfer RNA formation stimulated by either spermine or Mg2+. AB - EDTA inhibited isoleucyl tRNA formation stimulated by spermine in Escherichia coli. It was found that the inhibition by EDTA was not due to contamination of the constituents of the reaction mixture with Mg2+ or to inhibition of the binding of spermine to tRNA by EDTA, but to the interaction of EDTA with isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. These data suggest the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of E. coli contains some metal ion, which is necessary for the enzyme to catalyze the reaction. PMID- 805134 TI - Inhibition of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis by glucagon. AB - In fasting-refeeding experiments glucagon was found to inhibit the induction of rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. The kinetics of induction in the presence of glucagon indicated that the hormone decreased the rate of enzyme synthesis without altering the rate of enzyme degradation. Immunochemical titration of the amount of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase protein present in control and glucagon treated rats suggests that glucagon does not produce an inhibited species of the enzyme. Isolation of radioactive glucose-6-P dehydrogenase by precipitation with a specific antiserum provided direct evidence that glucagon inhibited the synthesis of the enzyme. Under identical conditions glucagon had no effect on the levels of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 805135 TI - The proteolytic enzymes of the K-1 strain of Streptomyces griseus obtained from a commercial preparation (Pronase). Specificity and immobilization of aminopeptidase. AB - We recently described the purification of two aminopeptidases from Streptomyces griseus (Vosbeck, K.D., Chow, K.-F., and Awad, W.M., Jr. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6329-6034). An analysis of the amino acid composition reveals very little differences in the two proteins. Each protein has alanine as the NH2-terminal residue. The aminopeptidases were treated separately with acetic anhydride; as noted in the past, the presence of glycerol is required to achieve excellent yields of acetylated active derivatives (Siegel, S., and Awad, W.M., Jr. (1973 J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3233-3240). However, in the present case much higher concentrations of glycerol (50%) are needed during acetylation to obtain derivatives with completely reacted NH2-terminal residues. The epsilon-amino groups were not completely acetylated. In contrast to the native enzymes, the acetylated derivatives show an affinity for DEAE-cellulose, a property consonant with the changes in net charge. The kinetic constants for each enzyme against L leucine-p-nitroanilide do not change significantly after acetylation. The specificities of the two aminopeptidases were examined extensively on a semiquantitative basis. The activities are not restricted by the length of substrate chains. Each enzyme shows a preference for hydrophobic residues at the ultimate and penultimate positions. Charge residues are released a slower rates. No prolidase activity is demonstrable even at high enzyme to substrate ratios; however, NH2-terminal proline residues are released readily. D-Amino acid residues at the ultimate or penultimate position substantially reduce the rate of hydrolysis; D-leucyl-D-leucine is not hydrolyzed... PMID- 805136 TI - Effects of pentanoic acid and 4-pentenoic acid on the intracellular fluxes of acetyl coenzyme A in Tetrahymena. AB - Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis were incubated for 1 hour with a mixture of acetate, pyruvate, and pentanoate with only one substrate labeled at a time and with the position of the label chosen so that [1-14-C]acetyl coenzyme A was an early product of the metabolism of each substrate. The appearance of label in CO2, lipids, glycogen, glutamate, and alanine were measured and results interpreted in terms of a previously developed three-compartment model of metabolism, which was found to quantitatively describe the data even when two of the flux rates (the flux of acetyl-CoA from the peroxisomal to the outer mitochondrial compartment and from the outer mitrochondrial to the inner mitochondrial compartment) were set equal to zero. This reduction in the number of independent parameters leads to the model being overdetermined and to a probably unique fit of the three-compartment model tof the present data and to previous data when octanoate was the fatty acid substrate. Pentanoate was metabolized to a greater extent than octanoate and did not inhibit growth. Pentanoate inhibited acetate utilization in both the inner mitochondrial and peroxisomal compartments as indicated by a reduction in the incorporation of label from [1-14-C]acetate into lipids and into CO2, but there was no difference in oxidation of [2-14-C]pyruvate when pentanoate was the fatty acid substrate as compared to octanoate. Glyconeogenesis was inhibited when pentanoate was substituted for octanoate. Similar experiments were performed on cells treated with 4-pentenoic acid. The effects of 4-pentenoic acid were essentially the same whether octanoate or pentanoate was the fatty acid substrate, i.e. inhibition of glyconeogenesis from all labeled substrates and inhibition of [2-14-C]pyruvate oxidation. The results indicate that the effects of pentanoate are largely confined to the peroxisomal and the inner mitochondrial compartments whereas the effects of 4-pentenoic acid are confined to the peroxisomal and outer mitochondrial compartments. PMID- 805137 TI - Effects of magnesium on the kinetic properties of bovine heart glycogen synthase D. AB - Highly purified glycogen synthase D, free of synthase kinase and phosphatase activities, was prepared from bovine heart. The enzyme had no activity without glucose 6-phosphate. Kinetic studies of this enzyme at various concentrations of UDP-glucose demonstrated that there was no cooperativity with respect to the substrate at any concentration of glucose-6-P with or without Mg2+. Glucose 6 phosphate increased the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the enzyme, but had very little or no effect on the Michaelis constant for UDP-glucose (Km equals 0.33 mM). Free Mg2+ gave a high Vmax at all glucose 6-phosphate concentrations without affecting the Km for the substrate. The double reciprocal plots of reaction rates versus glucose 6-phosphate concentration were biphasic and were interpreted as evidence for two kinetic forms, each with a glucose 6-phosphate binding site of different affinity (A1/2 values equals 0.31 and 1.1 mM). High Mg2+ concentrations nearly abolished the biphasic kinetic behavior of glucose 6-phosphate, suggesting that the Vmax of both enzyme forms was the same at saturating concentration of Mg2+ and glucose 6-phosphate and that magnesium ion might have no effect on the binding of glucose 6-phosphate or on the state of the equilibrium between two forms. Plots of reaction velocity versus Mg2+ concentration showed no cooperativity of Mg2+ activation in the presence or absence of glucose 6 phosphate. Both kinetic forms of glycogen synthase D had the same affinity for Mg2+ (A1/2 is approximately equal to 4 mM). Studies on the inhibition of the enzyme by Pi, ATP, and UTP were carried out with assays specific for the form of synthase with A1/2 for glucose 6-phosphate equals 0.31 mM (high affinity form) and the form with A1/2 for glucose 6-phosphate equals 1.1 mM (LOW AFFINITY FORM) BY ASSAYING WITH AND WITHOUT 5.0 MM free Mg2+, respectively. Both forms of synthase exhibited positive cooperativity with respect to UDP-glucose when inhibited by UTP, but not with Pi or ATP. Thus, each form of the enzyme had more than one UDP-glucose site, and these sites showed cooperativity only in the presence of a uridine nucleotide inhibitor. In the absence of Mg2+ (low affinity form), the inhibitors, Pi, ATP, and UTP, all induced positive cooperativity with respect to glucose 6-phosphate binding to this enzyme. The positive cooperativity induced by ATP was obliterated by adding free Mg2+ (high affinity form), but that induced by other inhibitors was affected slightly or not at all by the cation. These results indicate that each of the enzyme forms (high or low affinity forms) has more than one glucose 6-phosphate site and that these may function in a cooperative manner. The preceding findings are interpreted in relation to the importance of Mg2+ in the regulation of glycogen synthase D activity as well as the regulation of glycogen synthase phosphatase activity in heart. PMID- 805138 TI - Removal of Z-lines and alpha-actinin from isolated myofibrils by a calcium activated neutral protease. AB - A calcium-activated factor (CaAF) has been isolated and partially purified from the post-myofibrillar supernatant fraction of rabbit skeletal muscle. The 200 fold purified CaAF hydrolyzed denatured casein, [3-H]acetyl hemoglobin, and N ethyl[3-H]maleimide-labeled alpha-actinin. The proteolytic activity has a pH optimum at 6.9 and is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ (optimum concentration, 10 mM). Digestion of isolated myofibrils with CaAF results in removal of Z-lines and in a parallel loss of a 90, 000-dalton protein that has a mobility identical with that of alpha-actinin as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein with the properties of alpha-actinin (identical electrophoretic mobility, and ability to accelerate the Mg2+-activated ATPase of reconstituted actomyosin) was isolated from the supernatant of CaAF-treated myofibrils. The release of alpha-actinin from myofibrils by the calcium-activated neutral protease occurs in the absence of detectable change in the electrophoretic profiles of the other myofibrillar proteins, or in the ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N' tetraacetic acid (EGTA) sensitivity of Mg2+-activated ATPase. In contrast to the specific removal of Z-lines and of alpha-actinin by CaAF, trypsin treatment of myofibrils results in extensive degradation of myosin heavy chains and of the inhibitory component of troponin (TN-I), and in loss of EGTA sensitivity of myofibrillar ATPase. The degradation of TN-I and loss of EGTA sensitivity occur before the Z-line disappearance. PMID- 805139 TI - Immunochemical properties of the membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. AB - The preparation, characterization, and purification of antibody against the membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase solubilized and purified from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 are described. The antibody is highly specific for the flavin linked D-lactate dehydrogenase, and incubation of the enzyme with antiserum results in marked inhibition of enzymatic activity. By means of a radioimmune assay, it is demonstrated that membrane vesicles prepared from E. coli ML 308 225dld-3 contain catalytically inactive material which cross-reacts with native D lactate dehydrogenase. In the following paper, the effects of this antiserum on D lactate dehydrogenase activity and D-lactate-dependent active transport in native and reconstituted membrane vesicles are examined. PMID- 805141 TI - Symposium on the breeding of simians and their uses in developmental biology. London, 3-5 June 1974. Summary and conclusions. PMID- 805140 TI - Cross-linking of initiation factor IF-2 to Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal proteins with dimethylsuberimidate. AB - The 30 S ribosomal proteins near the binding site for initiation factor IF-2 in Escherichia coli were identified by allowing complexes of 30 S subunits, [32P]phosphoryl initiation factor IF-2 and nonradioactive initiation factors IF-1 and IF-3, to react with the protein cross-linking reagent dimethylsuberimidate. Noncross-linked initiation factors were removed by centrifugation of the complexes in buffer containing a high salt concentration; the protein was extracted from the pelleted particles; and cross-linked species containing initiation factor IF-2 and ribosomal proteins were partially purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The mixture of cross-linked products was analyzed by radioimmunodiffusion with antisera prepared against 20 individual 30 S ribosomal proteins S1, S2, S11, S12, S13, S14, and S19 was interpreted to mean that initiation factor IF-2 was present in covalent cross-linked complexes containing those proteins. The results imply that these 30 S ribosomal proteins are near the binding site for initiation factor IF-2. PMID- 805142 TI - Comparative immunological and morphological studies with the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. PMID- 805143 TI - Evaluation of the animal assay of tuberculin intended for use in humans. II. Usefulness. PMID- 805145 TI - Simple and rapid evaluation of serum for cell culture. PMID- 805144 TI - The demonstration of the sensitizing effect of the residual animal serum content of vaccines. PMID- 805146 TI - Effect of gaseous conditions on the dye sensitivity of Strain 19 and other Brucella cultures. PMID- 805147 TI - The effects of ascorbic acid depletion on the immune response of the guinea-pig to Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. PMID- 805148 TI - Liposomes containing chelating agents. Cellular penetration and a possible mechanism of metal removal. AB - Electron microscope studies were done on mouse liver, from 5 min to 8 wk after an intravenous injection of liposomes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Livers of mice receiving an injection of liposomes containing KCL instead of EDTA or an injection of a solution of EDTA were also examined. Liposomes were shown to be phagocytized by hepatocytes as well as by Kupffer cells within minutes after the injection. Initially, there was a close contact between the liposomal membrane and the cellular membrane, followed by an invagination of the latter and the formation of a distinct vesicle surrounding a single liposome or a cluster of several liposomes. No fusion between the liposomal membrane and the cell membrane was observed. Between 15 min and 6 h after liposome injection, the Kupffer cells were found to have an increased number of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Within the latter, morphologically intact liposomes or remnants of liposomes could be seen. At 12 h after injection, a striking increase in macrophages was observed in the liver sinusoids of EDTA-liposome-injected mice, but not in those of KCl-liposome-injected mice. Within the macrophages, remnants of liposomes occasionally could be observed. However, the origin and the physiological role of these cells are unknown. In the hepatocytes, morphological changes were first observed 24 h after injection; there were large numbers of autophagic vacuoles, and some cells showed extensive areas of focal cytoplasmic degeneration. The morphology of the liver cells returned to normal about 7 days after injection. No morphological changes were observed in livers of mice receiving EDTA solution without liposomes. A possible mechanism by which the liposome-encapsulated chelating agents can successfully remove intracellular toxic metals is discussed. The use of liposomes as carriers seems to be a useful tool for intracellular delivery of chelating agents or drugs in general. PMID- 805149 TI - The basal bodies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Formation from probasal bodies, isolation, and partial characterization. AB - The assembly and composition of basal bodies was investigated in the single celled, biflagellate green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using the cell wall less strain, cw15. In the presence of EDTA, both flagellar axonemes remained attached to their basal bodies while the entire basal body-axoneme complex was separated from the cell body, without cell lysis, by treatment with polyethylene glycol-400. The axonemes were then removed from the basal bodies in the absence of EDTA, leaving intact basal body pairs, free from particulate contamination from other regions of the cell. The isolated organelles produced several bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels, including two tubilin bands which co-electrophoresed with flagellar tubulin. The formation of probasal bodies was observed by electron microscopy of whole mount preparations. Synchronous cells were lysed, centrifuged onto carbon-coated grids, and either negatively stained or shadowed with platinum. The two probasal bodies of each cell appeared shortly after mitosis as thin "annuli," not visible in thin sections, each consisting of nine rudimentary triplet microtubules. Each annulus remained attached to one of the mature basal bodies by several filaments about 60 in diameter, and persisted throughout interphase until just before the next cell division. It then elongated into a mature organelle. The results revive the possibility of the nucleated assembly of basal bodies. PMID- 805152 TI - Surgical complications of significance in dental practice. PMID- 805150 TI - Cell-to-cell binding induced by different lectins. AB - The cell-to-cell binding induced by concanavalin A (Con A) and the lectins from wheatgerm, soybean, and waxbean has been analyzed by measuring the ability of single cells to bind to lectin-coated cells immobilized on nylon fibers. The cells used were lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and normal fibroblast cells. With all lectins, cell-to-cell binding was inhibited if both cells were prefixed with glutaraldehyde. However, in most cases cell-to-cell binding was enhanced when only the lectin-coated cell was prefixed. With normal fibroblasts, treatment of either one or both cells with trypsin enhanced the cell-to-cell binding induced by Con A and the wheatgerm lectin. Neuraminidase, which increases the number of receptors for soybean agglutinin, increased cell-to-cell binding only if both cells were treated. Although cell-to-cell binding induced by the lectins from soybean and wheatgerm could be partially reversed by the appropriate competitive saccharide inhibitor, binding induced by Con A could not be reversed. The experiments indicate that cell-to-cell binding induced by a lectin can be prevented by an insufficient density of receptors for the lectin, insufficient receptor mobility, or induced clustering of receptors. These effects can explain the differences in cell-to-cell binding and agglutination observed with different cell types and lectins. They also suggest that cell-to-cell binding induced by different lectins with a variety of cell types is initiated by a mechanism involving the alignment of complementary receptors on the colliding cells for the formation of multiple cell-to-lectin-to-cell bridges. PMID- 805154 TI - X-ray microanalysis of the mid-gut epithelium of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The cells in the mid-gut epithelium of Drosophila melanogaster which accumulate copper were examined by X-ray microanalysis. Both wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive analyses were used. The copper was located in granules o-3-1-o mum in diameter which were bounded by membranes and similar, morphologically, to secondary lysosomes. The copper was associated with high concentrations of sulphur but no other elements with an atomic number greater than 9 (the lower limit of the analysis equipment) were present in appreciable concentrations. PMID- 805151 TI - Isolation of intracellular symbiotes by immune lysis of flagellate protozoa and characterization of their DNA. AB - A new method dependent on immune lysis is described for the isolation of intracellular symbiotes from two species of flagellate protozoa Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti. The symbiote-containing flagellates are exposed to complement and antisera prepared in rabbits against symbiote-free organisms. The immune lysis seems to weaken the plasma membranes of the flagellates so that subsequent application of gentle shearing force liberates the intracellular entities in an undamaged condition. The symbiotes are then separated from other cellular components by DNAse digestion and differential centrifugation. The average recovery of symbiotes isolated by this method is 20%. Light and electron microscopy establishes the structural integrity and numerical abundance of isolated symbiotes in the final fractions. Integrity of symbiotes is further indicated by the high activity of a marker enzyme, uroporphyrinogen I synthetase. The DNA's of symbiote-containing and symbiote-free flagellates, and of isolated symbiotes were purified and compared after isopycnic centrifugation. The comparison establishes the presence of DNA's in symbiotes of both species. The guanine-cytosine (G-C) content of symbiote DNA differs from that of host DNA's in C. oncopelti, but resembles that of kinetoplast DNA in B. culicis. The latter observation was further shown by heat denaturation study. Renaturation kinetics indicate that the genome complexity of symbiote DNA in B. culicis is similar to that of bacteria. PMID- 805153 TI - The synaptinemal complex in Rhoeo spathacea. AB - The synaptinemal complex in meiocytes of Rhoeo spathacea is described. Unpaired zygotene chromosomes do not exhibit well defined axial cores under the ordinary fixations of electron microscopy and appear diffuse. However, the axial core is defined by ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (PTA) although it does not respond to uranyl-EDTA-lead. Thus the core appears to contain histone but not RNA and presents a condition which is modified later in pairing when lateral elements of the synaptinemal complex respond positively to both tests. The total number of attachments of synaptinemal complexes to the nuclear envelope was determined in several nuclei from serial sections. Eleven of the twelve possible attachments were found in one nucleus. It thus seems certain that all must be so attached. In the same manner all chromosomes can be seen to have an attachment to a chromocentre. Chromocentres are often very large and compound in that two kinds of heterochromatin can be distinguished. These states of chromatin within the chromocentre are considered to be a function of the degree of condensation. Segments of synaptinemal complexes are distributed randomly through sections of pachytene nuclei and long uncoiled segments of complexes are frequently found in or near the centres of median nuclear sections. Synaptinemal complexes are also found in chromocentres. Our findings suggest that on completion of pairing, which begins distally, homologous chromosomes in Rhoeo are paired throughout their entire lengths, rather than in small terminal segments only. PMID- 805155 TI - [Inflammatory tumors of the cecum]. AB - The authors study 19 personal cases of inflammatory tumour of the caecum and 60 cases found in the world literature over the same period. Without disputing the definition and classification of these inflammatory tumours which were perfectly drawn up by Bremen and Flamand in 1958, they emphasize the difficulty in determining the precise etiology. Struck by the large number of right hemicolectomies carried out for often benign lesions, they propose in order to reduce their number, the use of new investigations, such as selective arteriography, colonoscopy, and attempt whenever possible, to reduce the inflammation by medical treatment. PMID- 805156 TI - Plasma estetrol as an index of fetal well-being. AB - Estetrol (15alpha-hydroxyestriol or E4) is considered to be a specific product of fetal liver and has been suggested as a good indicator of fetal well-being. The concentration of unconjugated estetrol (E4) was measured by rapid and specific radioimmunoassay in 1 ml of maternal plasma. E4 levels prior to the 18th week of pregnancy were often undetectable (smaller than 50 pg/ml). The mean plasma E4 level at term of 1.2 ng/ml was 7-fold higher than that observed at 24 weeks of gestation, and no diurnal variations were found. E4 levels in fetal plasma at term were 12-fold higher than those in maternal plasma and no fetal arterial venous differences were found. Umbilical vein but not maternal plasma levels of patients undergoing vaginal delivery were higher than those undergoing cesarean section (P smaller than 0.05) suggesting increased adrenal output of E4 precursors during labor. In patients with severe Rh-isoimmune disease plasma E4 levels were not helpful in assessing fetal well-being. However, in patients with chronic hypertension or pre-eclampsia, subnormal plasma E4 concentrations always preceded intrauterine fetal death. Plasma E4 appears to be a good indicator of fetal well-being in patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy. PMID- 805157 TI - The effect of oral contraceptive steroids on the response of thyroid-stimulating hormone to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 805158 TI - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline, a proposed thyrotropin releasing hormone metabolite. AB - A highly specific radioimmunoassay for the measurement of pGlu-His-Pro-OH (TRH OH), a compound proposed to be a metabolite of pGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (TRH) has been developed. Using this assay experiments have been performed to study the inactivation of TRH and TRH-OH by serum. The results show that TRH-OH is inactivated in a fashion resembling the inactivation of TRH as has been described by others. Support for the deamidation mechanism as the main pathway for TRH degradation could not be achieved. PMID- 805159 TI - The influence of prolactin secretion on human lactation. AB - The elevation of endogenous prolactin secretion using thyrotopin releasing hormone was associated with significant increases in mammary milk production in postpartum women. More-over, a specific effect was seen on the percent fat composition which has been shown to rise as much as 228% over pretest conditions. As in the bovine, administration of high doses of estrogen is associated with mammary breast development and the sudden removal of this stimulus if accompanied by nipple stimulation is associated with non-puerperal lactation. The inhibitory effects of estrogen on the mammary cellular response to circulating prolactin has been deduced from studies in pregnant and parturient women by measuing the TRH induced prolactin response. These studies support a relationship between prolactin and sex steroids on the initiation and maintenance of human lactation. PMID- 805160 TI - Propylthiouracil blocks extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and augments thyrotropin secretion in man. AB - Propylthiouracil (PTU) inhibits peripheral deiodination of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and decreases the metabolic effectiveness of T4 in animals. To assess the effect of PTU on extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 in man, 15 studies were performed in athyreotic patients treated with 100 or 200 mug of L T4 daily for 1 mo before the addition of PTU, 250 mg every 6 h for 8 days. serum T3, T4, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured daily by radioimmunoassay; serum TSH response to 500-mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was measured before and on the last day of giving PTU. On the 100-mug LT4 dose, serum T3 fell from 120 plus or minus 5 (SE) to 83 plus or minus 6 ng/dl (P less than 0.005) with return to 113 plus or minus 5 ng/dl after stopping PTU; serum T4 (4.5 plus or minus 0.3 mug/dl) did not change. Similar results were seen in patients taking 200 mug of L T4 daily. On the 100-mug dose of L-T4 the fall in T3 was accompanied by a reciprocal rise in serum TSH to 195 plus or minus 33% of initial concentration (P less than 0.01) with return to 104 plus or minus 8% after PTU. The serum TSH response to TRH (DELTAMUU/ml over base line) was greater during PTU therapy than during the control period. On 100-mug L-T4 DELTA TSH rose from 64 plus or minus 19 to 101 plus or minus 23 muU/ml (P less than 0.005). Expressed as percent of base-line TSH concentration, TSH rose from 140 plus or minus 52 to 280 plus or minus 44% (control vs. PTU) at 15 min, 265 plus or minus 72 to 367 plus or minus 63% at 30 min, 223 plus or minus 54 to 313 plus or minus 54% at 45 min, 187 plus or minus 45 to 287 plus or minus 51% at 60 min, and 145 plus or minus 22 to 210 plus or minus 28% at 120 min after TRH. The data suggest that PTU blocks extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3, thus increasing pituitary TSH secretion and augmenting the TSH response to TRH. PMID- 805161 TI - The acetyltransferase enzyme method for the assay of serum gentamicon concentrations and a comparison with other methods. AB - The adenylytransferase/acetyltransferase methods of gentamicin assay have been evaluated for accuracy, speed, and cost. For a comparable cost of materials the latter method is more accurate than that using the adenylytransferase enzyme. The acetyltransferase method is much quicker than the adenyltransferase due to the shorter time necessary for radioactive counting. Sonication is an easier method of enzyme preparation than the previously used osmotic shock technique. The acetyltransferase method is reproducible and there was a very good correlation between it and a microbiological agar-plate diffusion method. PMID- 805162 TI - Reevaluation of bacteriocinogeny in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Bacteriocin typing has been described previously and proposed for typing gonococci. A survey has been made of 150 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from various places to determine the feasibility of a gonocin typing system. All strains were found to produce an inhibitory substance which inhibited all strains of gonococci tested, one strain of Neisseria flavescens, two strains of Neisseria meningitidis, as well as the producing strain itself. The inhibitory activity was enhanced by supplementary glucose, reduced by supplementary serum, and unaffected by the addition of HEPES buffer, by the temperature of incubation, or by the exposure of potential producer strains to sublethal concentrations of mitomycin C. This nonspecific inhibitory activity differed from that of a putative bacteriocin produced by a strain of N. meningitidis, in that the latter inhibited most other meningococci but not the producer strain itself. Bacteriocinogeny has not yet been convincingly demonstrated in N. gonorrhoeae, and gonocin typing has not yet been shown to be feasible. Production of the nonspecific inhibitor may have obscured past attempts to demonstrate type-specific gonococcal bacteriocin. PMID- 805163 TI - Agglutinin response to bacterial infection in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Agglutinin titres to Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris in the serum of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, patients producing mucoid sputum, and healthy controls were determined. Serological evidence of infection with H. influenzae was found in 38 of 57 patients with acute exacerbations, and Str. pneumoniae infection in 10 of the 57 patients, but was generally absent from healthy control subjects and from patiens producing mucoid sputum. No serological evidence of infection with other organisms named above was found to be associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Ten patients with acute exacerbations were without serological evidence of infection by any of the bacteria tested. PMID- 805164 TI - Detection of heterozygotes in both parents of homozygous patients with Von Willebrand's disease. AB - Three patients with severe Von Willebrand's disease are shown to be homozygotes. They were born from unaffected parents. New techniques using a factor-VIII related antigen assay by the Laurell method and a ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation assay demonstrated abnormalities in these two tests in both parents of the probands. Factor-VIII-related of heterogotes could not be differentiated from normal factor-VIII-related antigen by the immunodiffusion technique, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and filtration on a sepharose 4b column. PMID- 805165 TI - Acute haemolytic anaemia due to IgM penicillin antibody in a 3-year-old child: a sequel to oral penicillin. AB - A hitherto undescribed form of immune haemolytic anaemia due to penicillin antibody is described. The antibody, which was of the IgM class, fixed complement and caused acute haemolysis. Oral penicillin seems to have been responsible both for antibody production and, on subsequent exposure, for the haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 805166 TI - The Mongolian gerbil as a model for chronic lead toxicity. PMID- 805167 TI - Pathology of Sarcoptes scabiei infection in pigs. 1. Naturally occurring and experimentally induced lesions. PMID- 805168 TI - Initial fractionation of adult Schistosoma bovis antigen for diagnosis of infection in cattle. AB - Initial work on the fractionation of Schistosoma bovis adult worms is described. Both male and female worms were homogenized and sonicated before being passed through Sephadex G200. Five peaks were obtained with male fractionation (designed M1 to M5) and four with female (designated F1 and F4). Using the complement fixation test S. bovis antigen activity was detected primarily in peaks M1 and F1. With the indirect haemagglutination and indirect haemagglutination inhibition tests S. bovis antigen activity was detected rimarily in peaks M1, M2, M3, F1 and F2. Crude or fractionated antigens were used to sensitize cells and the latter tested against sera from either S. bovis infected cattle or S. bovis free but Fasciola gigantica infected cattle. No advantage was found using the fractionated antigens, some peaks causing an actual increase in the amount of cross-reaction. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on the fractionation of both S. bovis and other schistosome species. PMID- 805169 TI - Effects of fixation and postfixation treatments on volume of injured cells;. AB - The effects of fixation with glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde (GA-FA), flutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (GA-Os04) and osmium tetroxide (OsO4) on cel volume were studied in control, p chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS)-treated and hypotonically-treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Among the variables investigated were concentration of the tixative agent, osmolity of the buffer, total osmolaity of the fixation solution, osmolaltity of the postfixation buffer and the time of fixation and postfixation treatment; in addition, the effects of adding calcium and high molecular weight compounds to the fixative solution were studied. When the effects of standard fixatives on control, PCMBS- and hypotonically-treated cells were compared, marked differences were apparent in the behavior of control and injured cells. Control cells retained near prefixation volume in 3% GA and 3% GA 1% OsO4, swelled in 4% FA or 1% OsO4 and phosphate buffer (tkrp), whereas tpcmbs (310 mosM KRP)- and hypotonically-treated cells (103 mos M KRP) shrank in all aldehyde fixatives but swelled in 1% OsO4. Reducing the buffer osmolality had similar effects on control and injured cells although, there were variations in degree... PMID- 805170 TI - Microperoxisomes in the late pregnancy corpus luteum of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Microperoxisomes were identified in the franulosa lutein cells from the corpora lutea of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). These organelles were histochemically visualized in aldehyde-fixed tissues icubated in alkaline 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). The DAB staining of the microperoxisomes was abolished when the tissues were preincubated in specific inhibitors for catalse or when the H2O2 was omitted from the DAB medium. Microperoxisomes were differentiated from primary lysosmes by the Gomori acid phosphatase staining. Tortuous undulating agranular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was usually closely associated with microperoxisomes. Those regions of the granular ER which were closely associated with microperoxosomes lacked ribsomes. Micropersoxisomes were often contiguous with lipid droplets, and in some instances the limiting membrane of the moroperosisomes appeared discontinous at the point of contiguity, and the DAB staining substance diffused onto the surface of the lipid droplet. In these instances, the adjacent area of the lipid droplet showed electron-lucent staining. PMID- 805171 TI - Behaviour and indicator value of some microorganisms under conditions of soil contamination by pesticides. AB - The comparative effect of two organophosphorus pesticides (chlorophos and metaphos) on Escherichia coli, an enterococcus and Shigella organisms present in chernozem, podzolic, and loamy soils was investigated. A considerable level of resistance of the test organisms to the insecticides was established. This was expressed by their behaviour only changing on contamination of the soil samples with the insecticides in amounts considerably exceeding those used in natural conditions. Escherichia coli stand much closer to Shigella organisms than the enterococcus does as regards resistance to the insecticides studied. This allows Escherichia coli to be evaluated as an organism of hygienic value under conditions of soil contamination by pesticides. The enterococcus, in the present concrete case, was a less indicator microorganism than was Escherichia coli. PMID- 805172 TI - Bioautographic characterization of antimicrobial substances after electrophoresis in agar gel. AB - Bioautography following electrophoresis on agar gel, a technique for the characterization of antibiotics, is described in detail and its possible uses and advantages discussed. Eleven antibiotics of the beta-lactamic group were characterized. Penicillin G and Penicillin V showed two components with anti microbial activity. Attempts were made to identify the components by an adaptation of the technique and the results are discussed. PMID- 805173 TI - Binding parameters of the interaction between rat IgE and rat mast cell receptors. AB - Rat monoclonal IgE was purified by a combination of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The binding parameters of the IgE-target cell interaction were studied. The target cells used were normal rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC) and neoplastic rat basophilic leukocytes (RBL). BINDING assays were performed by adding different amounts of IgE to a constant cell number. A Scatchard analysis of the data indicated that both cell types have a similar affinity for rat IgE; the equilibrium constant was in the order of 10-9 M-minus 1. However, RBL have a higher number of receptor sites per cell--approximately 6 times 10-5 versus 3 times 10-5 for normal RMC. Since RMC have more than double the surface area of RBL, the data indicate a much higher receptor density on RBL. PMID- 805174 TI - Induction and properties of cytotoxic T cells specific for hapten-coupled tumor cells. AB - Techniques are reported for the induction and assay of cytotoxic effector cells capable of specifically lysing hapten-coupled EL4 leukemia targets. It is shown that EL4 cells survive coupling with TNP-sulfonic acid and retain the hapten on their cell surface for a prolonged period of time. Although TNP-EL4 cells are readily lysed by anti-TNP serum in a complement-mediated reaction, they are inefficiently killed in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated reaction. Cytotoxic effector cells, able to lyse TNP-EL4 targets, are induced when C57BL/6 spleen H-2 b cells are cultured with the following cell types which have been coupled with TNP: 1) ALLOGENEIC P815 tumor cells (H-2-d), 2) syngeneic EL4 tumor cells, 3) allogeneic BALB/c spleen cells (H-2-d), 4) syngeneic C57BL/6 spleen cells. Further experiments show that TNP-coupled xenogeneic chicken erythrocytes, which by themselves are unable to induce cytotoxic effectors, are capable of doing so if uncoupled P815 cells are present simultaneously. On the basis of these findings, it can be hypothesized that two stimuli are required for induction of these cytotoxic effector cells--one provided by the hapten, and the other by the P815 cell. Treatment of cytotoxic spleen cells induced by hapten-coupled allogeneic tumor cells with anti-Thy-1 serum and complement abrogates their cytotoxicity, indicating that T cells play a central role in the cytotoxic reaction. TNP-coupled erythrocytes do not serve as targets for these cytotoxic T cells, but do cause competitive inhibition of TNP-EL4 when added to the reaction mixture at high ratios. However, because the inhibition is relatively low, and because no such inhibition can be demonstrated with TNP-lysine, it is concluded that the receptor on the cytotoxic effector cell has a low affinity for hapten. This low affinity could be due to the receptor recognizing an antigen comprising mouse cell surface antigen in addition to the TNP moiety. Supporting this interpretation is the finding that TNP-EL4 cells competitively inhibit cytotoxicity much more efficiently than TNP-CRBC and that even uncoupled EL4 cells inhibit to some extent. PMID- 805175 TI - Effect of nonspecific stimulation on the defense mechanisms of inbred mice. AB - Acquired resistance to facultative intracellular parasites was investigated in C57BL/6J inbred mice susceptibe to Salmonella typhimurium but inherently resistant to Listeria monocytogenes and in A/J inbred mice which showed the reverse relationship. A/J but not C57BL/6J mice were protected against S. typhimurium challenge by S. typhimurium phenol vaccine, S. typhimurium purified RNA, or L. monocytogenes purified RNA. C57BL/6J but not A/J could be protected against L. monocytogenes challenge by L. monocytogenes phenol vaccine, S. typhimurium RNA, or L. monocytogenes RNA. Yeast RNA, calf thymus RNA, BCG and poly (I:C) protected A/J against Salmonella and C57BL/6J against Listeria challenge. Enumeration of viable organisms in the RNA and BCG-stimulated animals after challenge indicated that macrophage activation had probably taken place. The RNA-elicited protection was long lasting and waned after about 60 days. Enhanced resistance to S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes can be stimulated by nonliving substances bearing no known antigenic relationship to the pathogen. Enhanced resistance is elicited only in the host with a background of inherent resistance to the specific pathogen. PMID- 805176 TI - Immunosuppression induced in vitro by mastocytoma tumor cells and cell-free extracts. AB - Suppressed anti-sheep RBC responses occurred when spleen cells from mastocytoma bearing mice were incubated in vitro and immunized with red blood cells. Marked immunosuppression also occurred when mastocytoma cells were added to spleen cell cultures from normal mice immunized in vitro with the sheep RBC. Suppressed immune responses also occurred when the mastocytoma cells were separated from the normal cells by 0.4-mu nucleopore membranes, but not by dialysis membranes in double chambered culture vessels. Cell-free homogenates prepared from mastocytoma cells, as well as ascitic fluid from tumor-bearing mice, also impaired the responsiveness of normal splenocytes to the SRBC. The suppressive activity of the cell-free homogenates was abolished by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The immunosuppressive activity, however, was retained in supernatant ultracentrifugates of the cell-free homogenate after 100,000 times G for 90 min. Immunosuppression was most evident when mastocytoma extracts were added to cultures of normal splenocytes at the time of in vitro immunization and culture initiation. Suppression was not reversed by washing of the cultured cells and addition of fresh medium. Immunosuppression also occurred when mastocytoma extracts were incubated with spleen cells from allogeneic tumor resistant C57BL/6 mice. Additional physicochemical analyses should provide information as to the nature and specificty of the inhibitory factor(s) and its role as an immunoregulatory substance important in the host-tumor relationship. PMID- 805177 TI - Functional studies of Peyer's patches: evidence for their participation in intestinal immune responses. AB - The pattern of responsiveness of lymphocytes from Peyer's patches, spleen, mesenteric, and inguinal nodes of guinea pigs was compared after oral and parenteral immunization. After oral immunization with BCG, Peyer's patch lymphocytes showed the best in vitro proliferative responses to PPD (tuberculin). Responsiveness to Clostridia, normal constituents of the intestinal microflora, also was significant in Peyer's patches, and low or absent in the other lymphoid tissues examined. In animals immunized parenterally with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lymphocytes from the spleen reacted best to PPD and those from Peyer's patches least. Selective elimination of B or T cells from PPD reactive Peter's patch lymphocyte populations showed that the T-cell-rich fraction remained responsive to PPD, the B cell-rich fraction became unresponsive; but both fractions reacted to Clostridia. We conclude from this experiment that a functional T cell population is present in these organs. Peyer's patches in the guinea pig are immunocompetent lymphoid organs which seem to be primarily engaged in immune responses to antigens presented from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 805178 TI - Bactericidal activity of meningococcal antisera. Blocking by IgA of lytic antibody in human convalescent sera. AB - Humoral IgA, separated and purified from human sera drawn 12, 27, and 33 days after infection with serogroups B, Y, and C meningococci, respectively, has been shown to inhibit complement-mediated bacteriolysis by IgG and IgM purified from the same sera. Inhibition was dependent on the ratio of lytic to blocking antibody, was strain specific, and was greater for IgG than IgM. IgM was found to be more active than IgG in a bactericidal test. Activity of IgA appeared unrelated to the presence of a prozone in the whole serum. Similar inhibition was noted for IgA separated from rabbit sera. PMID- 805179 TI - The immune response of mice treated with anti-mu antibodies: the effect on antibody-forming cells, their precursors and helper cells assayed in vitro. AB - Previous studies have shown that mice treated from birth with heterologous anti mu antiserum are severely immunosuppressed with respect to numbers of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in all immunoglobulin classes. In this study we have investigated, using in vitro techniques, the cellular site of the deficit created by anti-mu. The primary PFC response of spleen cells originating from anti-mu-treated mice was completely suppressed in vitro. The response was restored by the addition to the cultures of B cells but not T cells. T cells were derived from normal spleens which had been depleted of B lymphocytes and adherent cells by filtration through cotton wool columns, or by educated thymus cells obtained from the spleens of lethally irradiated mice injected with syngeneic thymocytes and SRBC. Restoration of the PFC response of spleen cells from anti-mu-treated mice by normal B cells suggested that a cellular deficiency rather than an activity process by inhibitory cells was the cause of the imunosuppression. Also, co-culturing spleen cells from normal and suppressed mice did not reveal the presence of inhibitory cells. Spleen cells from x-irradiated mice, injected with bone marrow from anti-mu-suppressed mice, gave rise to PFC cells when cultured with SRBC and normal T cells, suggesting that stem cells giving rise to B cell were not affected by anti-mu treatment. Similarly, educated thymus cells derived from suppressed mice could provide helper function when reconstituted in vitro with normal B cells. Exposure of normal bone marrow and spleen cells to anti-mu serum prior to passage through syngeneic x-irradiated recipients demonstrated that spleen cells were much more sensitive than were bone marrow cells to suppression by anti-mu antibodies. It is concluded that the target of anti-mu antibody is a mu-chain bearing B cell precursor to the IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cell. PMID- 805181 TI - The effects of juvenile hormone analogues on the embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 805180 TI - A BALB/c mouse IgA myeloma protein that binds salmonella flagellar protein. AB - A BALB/c IgA mouse myeloma protein in ascites (MOPC-467) had been found to bind an antigen in heat extracts from Salmonella, Pasteurella, and Herellea cultures. MOPC-467 ascites was shown to immobilize motile S. adelaide, agglutinate formalin fixed S. MILWAUKEE, AND PURIFIED IgA (M467) was capable of precipitating column purified flagella and flagellin from S. milwaukee. PMID- 805182 TI - The role of cutaneous diphtheria infections in a diphtheria epidemic. AB - Twenty-four people with diptheria and 48 carriers were found in an isolated, circumscribed, rural area during a one-month period. Four patients had cutaneous lesions, which were similar to those of typical impetigo, form which Corynebacterium diptheriae was isolated. These cases constituted an epidemiologic focus from which the other cases were infected. Ten of 52 classroom contacts of two patients with skin infections harbored C. diphtheriae in the pharynx, while only eight of 132 classroom contacts of eight respiratory cases were similarly infected. Respiratory carriage of C. diphtheriae in five of 12 Head start classroom contacts of another patient with cutaneous infection with C. diptheriae in the classroom situation. A tendency toward greater environmental contamination by cutaneous diphtheria than by respiratory diptheria might be related to the greater contagiousness cases. PMID- 805183 TI - Susceptibility of chicks to experimental infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Chicks were given intracerebral inoculations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of colony types 1 or 2 one to two days after hatching. Small numbers ofN. gonorrhoeae initiated lethal infection provided that the body temperature of the animals was not maintained at levels harmful to the microbes per se. The disease process, which appeared to be localized intracranially rather than disseminated by bacteremia, merits further investigation as a model for the study of pathogenetic and immunologic mechanisms in gonococcal infection. PMID- 805184 TI - Epidemiologic studies of serotype antigens common to groups B and C Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Antisera to strains of group B Neisseria meningitidis (Frash) were used to serotype strains of group C N. meningitidis by an agar gel double diffusion technique. Serotupe antigen(s) were found in most strains examined, and the presence of group B serotype 2 antigen was associated with associated with sulfonamide resistance in group C strains isolated from sporadic cases and from cases and carriers in military and civilian epidemics of disease caused by sulfonamide-resistant group C organisms. Serotyping by the agar diffusion test apperars to be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of disease caused by groups B and C N. meningitidis. PMID- 805185 TI - Immune responses in eight patients infected with Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Sera from eight patients with either septicemia or pyothorax caused by Bacteroides fragilis were assayed for specific antibody by the agglutination, immunofluorescence, and agar gel diffusion techniques. Antibodies were detected in the sera of all eight patients by all three serological tests employed; titers as high as 1:160 and 1:320 were detected by the agglutination test and the immunofluorescence technique, respectively, and all patients had precipitating antibody. Failure of B. fragilis sub-species thetaiotaomicron to react with any heterologous antisera from the other seven patients infected with B. fragilis subspecies fragilis thetaiotaomicron was not serologically related to any of the other strains studied. Demonstration of an immune response to anaerobic infection supported the pathogenesis of anaerobes in infectious disease processes and indicated the possible diagnostic role that serological tests may serve in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections in humans. PMID- 805187 TI - Bacteriophages and endotoxin in licensed live-virus vaccines. AB - In confirmation of recent reports, coliphages were found in seven of 19 unselected samples of the currently licensed live-virus vaccines. Coliphages and pseudomonas phage were found in 11 and 14, respectively, of the 20 bovine sera commonly used in the cell culture phase of virus vaccine production. The same lots of vaccine and serum were examined by the limulus assay for endotoxin, another product of bacterial contamination. Eighteen of 20 sera had detectable endotoxin-like activity. Our preliminary results suggest that endotoxin activity may serve as a sensitive indicator of residual products of previous bacterial contamination, including bacteriophages. PMID- 805186 TI - Correlation of human in vivo and in vitro cutaneous antimicrobial factors. AB - the presence of antimicrobial substances on human skin was investigated. Staphyloccus aureus (10-4 colony-forming units) was applied on the forearm of 50 subjects and covered with a semiocclusive device for 24 hr. In 54% of the subjects the organisms persisted, and in 34% S. aureus was inhibited on the skin. Subjects with persistent S. aureus also had persistent Candida albicans, and vice persa. This correlation was not noted with Streptococcus pyogenes. Skin lipids from the two groups of subjects were extracted with acetone and assayed against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and C. albicans. The percentage of S. aureus or C. albicans recovered was higher (79% and 55%, respectively) in subjects with persistent microrgamisms on their skin than in those without (47% and 28%, respectively). Subjects with persistent S. aureus and C. albicans had higher counts of normal flora (average, 9.2 times 10-3) than those on whose skin these organisms did not persist (average, 7.4 times 10-2). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were found in higher proportions in subjects with persistent test organisms than in those without. Subjects with lower counts of their normal flora had a higher proportion of diphtheroids (34%) than the high count group (12%). PMID- 805188 TI - Effectiveness of achievable urinary concentrations of tetracyclines against "tetracycline-resistant" pathogenic bacteria. AB - Hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other bacterial pathogens are frequently treated with parenteral antibiotics such as gentamicin. Many of these organisms are shown by Kirby-Bauer disk sensitivity testing to be resistant to tetracycline. One hundred seventy-one such tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates were studied; 84% were found to be sensitive to achievable urinary concentrations of tetracycline. Two patients with long-standing chronic urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas were treated with tetracycline for a year and a half with excellent results. In a pilot clinical trial, eight of 12 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were treated successfully with tetracycline without regard to disk sensitivity data. Institution of tetracycline as soon as the microscopic diagnosis of urinary tract infection is made might be an acceptable empiric approach to the treatment of urinary infection in hospitalized patients who do not show evidence of sepsis. PMID- 805189 TI - Fatal undiagnosed tuberculosis in hospitalized patients. AB - Thirty-seven cases of active tuberculosis were misdiagnosed in Chaim Sheba Medical Center in the years 1964-1974. The diagnosis was made only after death. Twenty-one patients were over 60 years of age. Eleven had hematological disorders, and 12 received steroids (sometimes with immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs). Misdiagnosis of miliary tuberculosis is a growing problem and demands special attention. The postmortem examination must be systematic and must include bacteriological and histological studies for establishment of the correct diagnosis. PMID- 805190 TI - Placental passage of antibodies to Dengue virus in persons living in a region of hyperendemic Dengue virus infection. AB - Maternal and umbilical cord levels of antibodies to dengue 2 and 3 viruses were compared in 54 matched pairs of specimens from subjects in the Dominican Republic. Dengue infection appeared to be hyperendemic; pregnant women experienced a 6% weekly infection rate. Titers of antibody to dengue 2 and 3 viruses were considerably higher in cord sera than in maternal sera (P smaller than 0.001 and P smaller 0.01, respectively), especially when maternal levels were low. When maternal and cord sera were compared at equal titers of dengue 2 virus, heterotypic antibodies to dengue 1 and St. Louis encephalitis viruses were higher in the cord. These findings could not be directly related to the higher levels of IgG found in cord sera or to the presence of elevated concentrations of IgM. It is concluded that antibody with increased cross-reactivity preferentially crosses the placenta. The presence of such cross-reactive antibody does not appear to sensitize infants to dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome. PMID- 805191 TI - Duration of antibody responses after vaccination with group C Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide. AB - Persistence of serum antibodies after vaccination with group C Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide was followed in 23 volunteers. Each subject had received a single 50-mug dose of vaccine subcutaneously or intradermally one to five years earlier. Three individuals received a second inoculation eight months after the primary one with no evidence of booster antibody response. Hemagglutination antibody titers rose significantly in 22 of 23 volunteers within two to four weeks of injection; mean titers fell two- to threefold within the first year and then remained stable for four years. Bactericidal tests showed antibody response in 86% of subjects and antibody persistence comparable to that found in the hemagglutination tests. Titers of radioactive antigen-binding antibodies increased significantly in all 22 subjects tested, and after two to four years titers remained at 30% or more of peak concentration. The prolonged duration of antibody responses to polysaccharides in humans suggests that immunity will also persist. PMID- 805192 TI - Effect of sodium cyanate upon the function of normal human polymorphonuclaer leukocytes. AB - Sodium cyanate, a drug that prevents sickling of hemoglobin S by virtue of its irreversible carbamylation of the N-terminal amino group of valine, was studied for its effect upon the function of normal human polymorphonuclear luekocytes. In concentrations of 500 and 100 mug/ml, sodium cyanate was found to inhibit killing by neutrophils of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Eschierichia coli but not of Streptococcus faecalis. Viability of cells and phagocytosis were not affected by cyanate; however, production of [14-C] carbon dioxide from [1-14-C] glucose and the iodination of 125-I during phagocytosis were significantly impaired. Cyanate is thought to inbibit the bacterixidal activity of neutrophils by interfering with the oxidative metabolism of gluxose via the hexose monophosphate shunt (theraby decreasing production of H-2-O-2) and by inbibiting iodination of ingested bacteria (either by competing with iodide as the oxidizable cofactor or by inhibiting myeloperoxidase). Since these effects of cyanate were all reversible by washing the nurtrophils free of the drug, it is unlikely that they are due to amino carbamylation. PMID- 805193 TI - Isolation of Clostridium in human infections: evaluation of 114 cases. AB - One hundred fifty-two strains of Clostridium were isolated from 144 patients over a 14-month-peroid. These included 23 recognized species and 23 strains that were unclassified. Soft tissues or abscesses yielded 84 strains of Clostridium. Intraabdominal sites predominated, but clostridia were recovered from empyema, carcinoma, frostbite with gas gangrene, muscle abscess, aortic graft, and brain abscess. Blood cultures yielded 65 strains of Clostridium from 49 patients, representing 0.3% of 16,314 blood cultures (or 2.6% of 2,168 positive cultures). Clostridium perfringens was most common in blood, accounting for 37 isolates (57%). Clostridial bacteremia was often unrelated to the clinical setting and was found in alcoholics with aspiration or Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, empyema, meningococcemia, and infantile gastroenteritis. In 20 of the 49 patients (41%), aerobic or other anaerobic bacteria were cultured concurrently from the blood. Thus, clostridial bacteremia should be interpreted with caution since there may be little correlation with the patient's clinical condition. PMID- 805195 TI - [Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa--report 1. Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in inorganic solutions]. PMID- 805194 TI - [Rapid salmonella detection method--2. Application of enrichment serology method to various samples]. PMID- 805196 TI - Diabetes mellitus. The child with diabetes. PMID- 805197 TI - Operating room hazard symposis Dangers of chronic emposure to anesthetics. PMID- 805198 TI - The doctor's influence in hospital costs. PMID- 805199 TI - The interrelationship of physicians and hospitals. PMID- 805200 TI - Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex. AB - Vitamin A-transporting protein in chicken plasma was purified by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-100; the protein formed a complex of retinol-binding protein (RBP) with prealbumin (PA). The molecular weight of the 1:1 molar complex was estimated to be 76,000 by gel filtration, and the sedimentation coefficient (S20,W) was found to be 5.2 S. RBP and PA were dissociated from the purified complex by means of CM-Sephadex column chromatography. Purified RBP contained 1 mole of vitamin A bound per mole of RBP. The molecular weight of RBP was determined to be 20,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, 19,000 by SDS-disc gel electrophoresis, and 20,500 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The S20,W was calculated to be 2.0 S. The molecular weight of PA was determined to be 56,000 by gel filtration, 52,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis, and 13,000 by SDS-disc gel electrophoresis. The S20,W was calculated to be 3.9 S. From these findings it was concluded that PA consists of four subunits, each with a molecular weight of approximately 13,000. Peptide mapping experiments suggested that the subunits were identical. No carbohydrates were detected in either RBP or PA. Chicken RBP and PA were immunologically distinct from those of human and rat. It is well established that vitamin A is transported bound to a specific plasma protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), in both man (1,2) and rat (3). Purified human and rat plasma RBP have a single binding site for one molecule of retinol, alpha mobility on disc gel electrophoresis, and a molecular weight of approximately 20,000. In both species, RBP forms a tight complex with plasma prealbumin (PA) and normally circulates as a 1:1 molar protein-protein complex with PA (1-5). Despite these similarities, no immunological cross-reactivity between human and rat RBP has been observed (3,6). The present study was undertaken to explore whether or not a similar transport system for vitamin A exists in the chicken, a nonmammalian vertebrate. During the course of this study, Mokady and Tal (7) reported the isolation of RBP from chicken plasma and some physicochemical properties, e.g., a molecular weight of about 19,000. On the other hand, Muto, Smith, and Goodman (6) had already observed that the molecular weight of vitamin A-containing protein in fresh chicken plasma is approximately 60,000-80,000, as determined by gel filtration. However, no convincing information is available regarding an entire system of vitamin A transport in chicken plasma. We now describe procedures for the isolation of the RBA-PA complex of chicken plasma and the dissociation into the component proteins, RBP and PA. We also describe in detail the physicochemical properties of the individual proteins. It is also clearly demonstrated that chicken RBP and PA are immunologically distinct and different from the respective proteins in man and rat. Moreover, purified chicken PA appears to be a tetramer of four identical subunits and is thus similar to human and rat PA. PMID- 805201 TI - Changes of the facial skeleton in cases of neurofibromatosis. AB - In 12 patients with neurofibromatosis of the maxillofacial region distinct changes of the facial skeleton were found, which in localisation and extent largely conformed to the more or less wide soft tissue hyperplasias. In pronounced cases, a combined maxillo-zygomatico-temporo-mandibular hypoplasia was present radiographically. These skeletal changes hardly can be interpreted as pressure atrophy caused by the adjacent neurofibromatous tumours; more likely they are the result of complex developmental disorders. A more detailed explanation possibly will be obtained, when development and skeletal changes are controlled radiographically over a long period of time. PMID- 805202 TI - Enterocutaneous fistula. PMID- 805203 TI - X-linked B-lymphocyte immune defect in CBA/HN mice. I. Studies of the function and composition of spleen cells. AB - A study of the composition and functional properties of spleen cells from the immune deficient CBA/HN mice and their F1 progeny is reported. While abnormalities were seen in both the numbers and function of thymus-independent (B) lymphocytes, all studies involving thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes were normal. The X-linked nature of the immune defect in these mice was therefore attributed to abnormal or absent B lymphocytes. The possible nature of this defect and the similarity of the immune defect in these mice to certain human X linked immunodeficiency diseases are discussed. PMID- 805204 TI - Colchicine effects on lysosomal enzyme induction and intracellular degradation in the cultivated macrophage. AB - The effects of colchicine on lysosomal fusion and lysosomal enzyme induction in the cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophage have been examined. Colchicine (10- minus 6 M), but not lumicolchicine, inhibited lysosomal enzyme induction by both phagocytic and pinocytic stimuli. In addition, the drug significantly retarded pinocytic uptake of [3-H] sucrose and transport of the amino acids [3-H] alpha aminoisobutyric acid and L-[3-H] leucine. In contrast, lumicolchicine had no effect on pinocytosis or amino acid transport. Thus, a role for intact microtubules in lysosomal enzyme induction, pinocytosis, and amino acid uptake in these cells is suggested. That colchicine inhibited lysosomal enzyme induction by phagocytic stimuli under conditions in which pinocytosis contributed little to the enzyme rise indicated that inhibition of pinocytosis was unlikely to account for colchicine effects on lysosomal enzyme induction. Effects of colchicine on degradation of phagocytized and pinocytized substrates were examined to determine if intact microtubules are required for fusion among lysosomes, pinosomes, and phagosomes. Colchicine did not alter the rate of intracellular digestion of radiolabeled bacteria by the cultivated macrophage. Similarly, it had no effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of intracellular [3-H] sucrose resulting from uptake of exogenous invertase. The finding that colchicine had no effect on the functional consequences of fusion of lysosomes with endosomes suggests that intact microtubules are not required for fusion among these constituents of the vacuolar apparatus. PMID- 805205 TI - Specificity of human lymphocyte complement receptors. AB - Erythrocytes, bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were shown to have a receptor activity for C4. Theis C4 receptor activity was studied in relation to the previously identified C3b and C3d receptors. By assay for inhibition of rosette formation by fluid-phase complement (C), only two different lymphocyte C receptors were demonstrated. The immune adherence receptor, the only one of the two shared in common with erythrocytes, was specific for C4 or the C3c region of C3b, but was unreactive with C3d. The other lymphocyte receptor, the C3d receptor, was specific for C3d fragments, but would also react to a lesser extent with the C3d region of uncleaved C3b. ThC3d receptor did not react with either C3c or C4. This specificity of the C3d receptor allowed certain cells which contained only C3d receptors to form rosettes with EAC1-3b and EAC1-3d, but not with EAC14. However, because C3d receptors bound EAC1-3d or C3d fragments more firmly than they did EAC1-3b or C3b fragments, many other types of cells containing only C3d receptors, formed rosettes with EAC1-3d but not with EAC1-3b. Erythrocytes and those lymphocytes which contained only immune adherence receptors, formed rosettes with EAC14 and EAC1-3D but not with EAC1-3d. A double label assay was devised for the simultaneous detection of both types of C receptors on individual lymphocytes. This assay involved fluorescence labeling of one of the two C receptors with soluble C fragments in combination with the usual rosette method for labeling the other type of C receptor. With this double-label assay, it was observed that the two different lymphocyte C receptors capped independently and thus were located on different molecules which could each move through the fluid membrane matrix independently of the other. PMID- 805206 TI - Evidence for the involvement of the Ss protein of the mouse in the hemolytic complement system. AB - A significant within-strain correlation has been demonstrated between the levels of Ss and hemolytic complement (C) activity in two Ss-high strains. Mouse serum specifically depleted of Ss by absorption with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ss had negligible C activity. In control experiments, Ss-specific antigen-antibody complexes formed with F(ab')2 fragments did not fix rabbit C, and bovine serum albumin-specific antigen-antibody complexes formed with F(ab')2 fragments did not fix mouse C. Therefore the removal of C activity by anti-Ss [F(ab')2] was apparently not due to C fixation. These results suggest that the Ss protein is a necessary component of the C system. PMID- 805207 TI - Enhancement of blood coagulation by soluble fibrin complexes. AB - We have detected a species of soluble fibrin complexes with significant biological properties. Agarose gel chromatography of normal plasma or purified fibrinogen previously incubated with small amounts of thrombin revealed the presence of a species of high molecular weight soluble fibrin complexes, which contained only small quantities of fibrinogen by immunological assays but which exhibited enhanced sensitivity to thrombin. In addition, these complexes substantially shortened the thrombin-clotting time of normal plasma and enhanced the resistance of normal plasma to heparin action. Similar thrombin-sensitive soluble fibrin complexes were demonstrated in vivo in rabbits for up to 10 min after the infusion of 50 U of thrombin. Thrombin-sensitive soluble fibrin complexes were also demonstrated in 3 of 12 patients with documented thromboembolic disease and in 2 of 20 patients after major surgery. High molecular weight soluble fibrin complexes, which exhibit enhanced thrombin sensitivity and which are capable of increasing the rate of normal fibrinogen-to fibrin conversion by thrombin, may appear consequent to clinical thrombosis and situations involving trauma (e.g., major surgery). Such soluble complexes, although they have no proven role in the primary pathogenesis of intravascular thrombosis, may contribute to a temporary "hypercoagulable state" and may accelerate the build-up and extension of already existing thrombotic deposits. PMID- 805208 TI - The mediator of cellular immunity. IX. The relationship between cellular hypersensitivity and acquired cellular resistance in rats infected with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Acquired resistance to the intracellular bacterial parasite, Listeria monocytogenes can be transferred to normal recipients by thoracic duct lymphocytes or peritoneal exudate cells obtained from rats infected with this organism; The appearance of protective cells in thoracic duct lymph coincides with the development in the donors of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Listeria antigens and accumulation in induced peritoneal exudates of cells which are responsive to these antigens in the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay. The cells in exudates that confer protection, and those that release MIF, arise at sites remote from their final destination. From their point of origin in the caudal lymph nodes of infected rats, cells with these properties are delivered to the thoracic duct and hence to the blood from where they are drawn into the peritoneal cavity in response to inflammation. The parallel observed in the appearance, increase and subsequent decline of protective lymphocytes and MIF producing cells in exudates suggest that the two activities are mediated by a single line of T cells. However this may be, the development and deployment of the cells concerned encourages the belief that MIF has a meaningful role in the expression of cellular resistance to infection. PMID- 805209 TI - Ultrastructural lesions on the surface of platelets associated with either blood coagulation or with antibody-mediated immune injury. AB - During blood coagulation ultrastructural lesions were produced on the platelet membrane. They were dependent on the presence of both thrombin and complement (C) and were morphologically identical to the C-dependent ultrastructural lesions (type II) seen in red cells subsequent to activation of C by the alternate mechanismmthough similar in shape they differed in size from ultrastructural lesions (type I) PRODUCED BY ACTIVATION OF C via the classic mechanismmlesions of type I were seen on the platelet surface subsequent to antibody-dependent activation of the C system. PMID- 805210 TI - Study of the developmental pattern of heme catabolism in liver and the effects of cobalt on cytochrome P-450 and the rate of heme oxidation during the neonatal period. AB - The comparative development patterns of heme oxidation andof cytochrome P-450 dependent drug oxidation in rat liver were examined. High levels of heme oxygenase activity were present in whole embryo preparations at day 13 of gestation. At birth this enzyme activity in liver was approximately equal to that of normal adult liver. In the immediate postnatal period the rate of hepatic heme oxidation increased sharply, reaching levels 3-5 times normal during the first week postpartum. Thereafter, this enzyme activity progressively decreased and returned to normal adult levels by the 28th postpartum day. The development of microsomal heme oxidation and of P-450 dependent drug oxidation exhibited reciprocal patterns, with the latter being at low levels of activity during the immediate postnatal period and reaching adult activity only 4 or more wk after birth. Cobalt injected into pregnant animals or in to nursing mothers did not induce heme oxygenase in the fetus or suckling neonate. However, when treated directly with the metal, 4-day old neonates exhibited a small induction response of this enzyme; and the inducibility of heme oxygenase increased gradually to fully adult levels by the end of the 4th postpartum week. Cobalt at all postnatal developmental stages was capable of diminishing hepatic contents of total microsomal heme and P-450; however this effect of the metal was small in the immediate period after birth and increased progressively with maturation. These findings demonstrate that the patterns of development of hepatic capacity for carrying out the oxidation of heme and the P-450 dependent oxidation of drugs are different and thus provide further evidence that these microsomal enzyme systems are distinct from each other and under separate regulatory mechanisms. The degree of induction response for hepatic heme oxygenase evoked by the trace metal, cobalt, was also shown to have developmental determinants as did the susceptibility of hepatic cytochrome P-450 to degradation by this metal. The very high levels of hepatic heme oxygenase activity which characterize neonates during the first week of life indicate that over-production of bilirubin contributes significantly to the mechanism of neonatal jaundice. PMID- 805212 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of gonococcal pili. AB - Pili were isolated from two different strains of gonococci (33 and 2686) and demonstrated to be pure by the criteria of electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Each purified pili preparation was studied for its ability to inhibit; (a) binding of 124-I-labeled purified 2686 pili by antibody to 2686 pili, and (b) binding of 125-I-labeled purified 33 pili by antibody to 33 pili. In each instance progressive inhibition of binding was produced by homologous pili type, but no significant inhibition was observed using comparable weights of the heterologous pili type. These results indicate that the pili of strains 2686 and 33 are antigenically different. PMID- 805211 TI - Antibodies to idiotypes of isologous immunoglobulins. AB - To determine if the immunoglobulins (Igs) capable of eliciting the formation of isologous anti-idiotypic antibodies are rare exceptions, BABL/c mice were immunized with five myeloma proteins of BALB/c origin. Anti-idiotypes were produced against all but one. The idiotype of the exception (T15) is remarkably abundant in BALB/c mice, whose unresponsiveness is probably due to tolerance. Nevertheless, prolonged immunization with T15 finally induced the formation of isologous antibodies that seemed largely to be specific for IgA proteins, especially those with k-light-chains; the reactions of a few of these isologous antisera with T15 were slightly inhibited by phosphorylcholine, suggesting that some anti-idiotypes were probably formed even to this unusually prevalent idiotype. It is likelythat under appropriate conditions almost any myeloma protein can elicit isologous anti-idiotypes. PMID- 805213 TI - Relationship between two kinds of hatching enzymes in the hatching liquid of the medaka, Oryzias latipes. AB - The relationship between the hatching enzymes I and II of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, was studied by examining their behavior on gel filtration column chromatography and their responsiveness to added reagents including certain inhibitors. Enzyme I, of higher molecular weight, could be converted to the lower molecular weight enzyme II during purification. The results support the conclusion that enzyme I is a complex form of enzyme II combined with another substance. PMID- 805214 TI - Immunological studies of the rat olfactory marker protein. PMID- 805215 TI - Theory of current source-density analysis and determination of conductivity tensor for anuran cerebellum. AB - The theoretical basis of current source-density (CSD) analysis in the central nervous system is described. Equations relating CSD, the current flow vector, and the extracellular field potential are given. It is shown that the CSD provides superior resolution of neuronal events when compared to conventional field potential analysis. Expressions for the CSD in rectangular Cartesian coordinates are derived, including the general case of anisotropic, inhomogeneous conductive tissue, and a coordinate system rotated with respect to the principal axes (APPENDIX). The minimum number of spatial dimensions for accurate CSD analysis is discussed. The conductivity tensor was experimentally measured in frog and toad cerebella. All three principal components of the tensor were evaluated and their spatial gradients determined to be negligible. It was also shown that the conductivity was independent of potential. Thus the anuran cerebellum is anisotropic, homogeneous, and ohmic. On the basis of these results the appropriate mathematical expression for the CSD was selected. PMID- 805216 TI - Development of ceruloplasmin in pigs during the neonatal period. AB - Colostrum-free newborn pigs were raised artificially to investigate the appearance of ceruloplasmin in the serum of piglets. The sensitivity of the p phenylenediamine oxidase activity assay, commonly used as a measure of ceruloplasmin, has been increased 10-fold. Based on this activity, no evidence was found that this copper protein was present in the serum of baby pigs at birth, although some evidence was obtained that the protein moiety (apoceruloplasmin) was present. Holoceruloplasmin usually became detectable in the serum 10-15 hours after birth. Its concentration increased slowly at first and then at an accelerated rate. The ceruloplasmin in the sera of 2-3-day-old piglets was isolated and compared with that isolated from the serum of adults. Contrary to a previous report, the physical and chemical properties of ceruloplasmin synthesized during the first 3 days of life of the piglet showed no significant difference from that synthesized by the adult. PMID- 805217 TI - Multiple neurofibromatosis with oral manifestations. PMID- 805218 TI - Ossifying fibroma: report of case. PMID- 805219 TI - Multiple neurofibromatosis associated with facial asymmetry. PMID- 805221 TI - Measurements of arylsulfatases A and B in human serum. PMID- 805220 TI - Fatal erythroblastosis fetalis due to anti-Kell isoimmune disease. PMID- 805223 TI - Letter: On the pathogenesis of deranged nitrogen metabolism in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 805222 TI - A walking donor program for an intensive care nursery. AB - Repeated transfusions of small increments of blood are frequently required for the sick newborn infant to correct endogenous hypovolemia and/or to replace blood obtained repeatedly for monitoring purposes. Current practices of blood banks are rarely geared to supply the small amounts of blood used for these individual transfusions. To provide a more efficient system, a walking donor program was established in which an appropriate hospital-based individual is cross matched as a donor for an infant for the duration of the infant's hospital stay. The program eliminates wastage of blood and donors and reduces the number of infectious agents to which the infant may be exposed. PMID- 805224 TI - Free catecholamine excretion in the urine in normal infants and in those with marasmus or kwashiorkor. AB - Free catecholamine (epinephrine + norepinephrine) excretions of normal male infants 2.1-3.2, 4.5-10.6, and 12.5-18.5 months of age, respectively, and of infants and children with marasmus or marasmic kwashiorkor were measured on three consecutive days after admission and after partial rehabilitation. In normal infants, particularly the older ones, the first day's excretion was higher than that of the next two days, probably in response to the stress of the procedures. There was an increase with age, but on a surface area basis, the differences were not significant, the three age groups excreting 15.1 plus or minus 10.2, 23.8 plus or minus 20.9, and 24.7 plus or minus 14.3 mug/m-2/day, respectively. Excretions of marasmic infants on admission were not significantly different from those of the control children. Higher mean values were due to elevated excretions of infants with severe infection. After partial rehabilitation, excretions were similar to those of control subjects. In children with marasmic kwashiorkor excretions were no different from those of control infants, except in severely infected children. Admission values revealed more day-to-day variation than recovery values or than those of normal and marasmic infants, in whom subject to subject variation was more marked. PMID- 805225 TI - Eimeria tenella in gnotobiotic chickens: hematocrit, weight change, cecal pathology, and mortality. AB - On days 5 to 8 after oral inoculation with 200,000 Eimeria tenella oocysts, the mean hematocrits of bacteria-free, Bacillus cereus-monoflora and conventional chickens were equally reduced below control values. Weight loss was first observed in bacteria-free and monoflora fowl between days 4 and 5 after E. tenella inoculation, whereas conventional fowl initially displayed weight loss between days 3 and 4. Gross cecal lesion scores and total mortality of 4 experiments were not significantly different for the 2 gnotobiotic (bacteria-free and monoflora) groups, but these values for both groups were significantly less than those of infected conventional control animals. Since hematocrits were equally depressed in gnotobiotic and conventional animals, and survival was significantly greater in the former, it is suggested that factors in addition to blood loss cause mortality during E. tenella infections. The correlations between the severity of cecal lesions and per cent mortality suggests that these phenomena may be closely related. The present experiments with gnotobiotic fowl indicate that the normal flora is involved in the cecal pathology and mortality caused by cecal coccidiosis in conventional animals. PMID- 805227 TI - The influence of gonadectomy of host on parasitemia and mortality of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Male CF1 mice were more susceptible to acute infections of Trypanosoma cruzi than female mice as evidenced by significantly greater maximum mean parasitemia of approximately 8.9 times 10-6 per ml in males as compared to 1.5 times 10-6 per ml in females. Mortality was also greater in males (80 to 90% as compared to 28% in females). Ovariectomy of female mice made them more susceptible than unoperated female of similar age and stock to the Brazil strain of T. cruzi as indicated by maximum mean parasitemia of 10.9 times 10-6 per ml in the former and 7.5 times 10 6 in the latter. Mortality of the ovariectomized mice was as great as 90% in some experiments while that of unoperated controls nerve exceeded 30%. Parasitemia and mortality is castrated male mice were not significantly different from unoperated male mice infected with T. cruzi. PMID- 805226 TI - Experimental infections with pathogenic free-living amebae in laboratory primate hosts: I (A) A study on susceptibility to Naegleria fowleri. AB - Studies were conducted on 27 Old World monkeys to determine their susceptibility to pathogenic strains (HB-1 and C-66) of Naegleria fowleri by intranasal, intravenous, or intrathecal inoculation of trophozoites. No clinically detectable disease resulted from either intranasal or intravenous inoculation, but 11 of 18 monkeys inoculated intrathecally succumed to acutely fatal meningoencephalitis, while the other 7 survived with no obvious permanent brain damage. Pathogenicity of N. fowleri appeared to be influenced by the strain virulence, growth phase, and cultural condition of the amebae, as well as age, immune competence, and other as yet unknown host factors. PMID- 805228 TI - A disease of freshwater fishes caused by Tetrahymena corlissi Thompson, 1955, and a key for identification of holotrich ciliates of freshwater fishes. AB - Tetrahymena corlissi, a free-living protozoan, apparently caused the death of large number of guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) and occasionally other fishes, in aquaria and hatcheries at several locations. Apparently the disease occurs when the fish and protozoan populations are both at a high level of density. The signs include white spots and epidermal damage. Histologically, T. corlissi could be seen in skin, muscle, and viscera; in some there was marked inflammation, in others there was little tissue reaction. A key is presented for the identification of invasive fish ciliates: Chilodonella, Hemiophrys, Ichthyophthirius, Ophryoglena, and Tetrahymena. PMID- 805229 TI - Activity of known antischistosomal agents on early-developing forms of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Sixteen compounds, including several series of antischistosomal agents, were tested in mice (subcutaneous, oral, and intramuscular routes), previously injected intraperitoneally with 175 plus or minus 25 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Most drugs were given in a 5-day regimen, first dose being administered 3 hr before cercarial inoculation. Ten days after infection the animals were killed, the schistosomules collected from peritoneal washings, and counted under a dissecting microscopy (free organisms and larvae surrounded by macrophages). A high degree of activity (abscess of free larvae) was observed with Hoechst S-616 and S668, Ciba 17,581, Oxamniquine (Pfizer), and RD 12,869 compounds. A significant reduction (P less than 0.05) in the number of larvae was observed with A-16,612, Sb-EDTA, Hycanthone, Schistomide, Trichlorphone, and Antiomaline. No activity on nearly developing forms of S. mansoni was observed after treatment with Mirasan, Hoechst S-201, Schistocide T-109, Lucanthone, and Wellcome 153C51. In conclusion, from 16 compounds taken at random, all of which are active on mature schistosome infections, 11 displayed prophylactic activity. This indicates a high sensitivity of the technique using peritoneal schistosomules. PMID- 805230 TI - An unusual sporozoan blood parasite, named Haematractidium scombri Henry, 1910, from the Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus. PMID- 805233 TI - Problems of diet in old age. PMID- 805232 TI - Inhibition of Pseudomonas burn wound infection by mafenide dry foam. AB - The results of an in vivo evaluation of 8.5% mafenide dry foam are described. Using burned guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mafenide was applied every 12 hr as the dry foam or as the commercially available ointment. After 156 hr of therapy with the medicated dosage forms, the previously infected areas did not demonstrate the presence of Pseudomonas. However, all nonmedicated, infected controls produced positive cultures. Both medicated dosage forms demonstrated equivalent efficacy in the inhibition of Pseudomonas on burn wounds. PMID- 805234 TI - The use of transabdominal palpation to determine the course of pregnancy in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Transabdominal palpation was used to determine maturity, course of pregnancy and post-partum changes in marmosets throughout seventy-four full-term pregnancies. The accuracy of the technique is compared with that of other methods of studying the course of pregnancy in this species. PMID- 805231 TI - Effects of ligation on the cellular immune reactions of Drosophila algonquin against the hymenopterous parasite Pseudeucoila bochei. AB - When larvae of Drosophila algonquin parasitized by the hymenopterous parasite (parasitoid) Pseudeucoila bochei are ligatured early after infection so as to exclude the anterior endocrine center from the hemocytes and parasites located posterior to the ligature there is a decrease in the immune reaction rate. The data suggest that host endocrines are involved in the encapsulation and melanization reactions of the larvae, but the nature of the involvement is not known. The relationship between parasite encapsulation and melanotic tumor formation in Drosophila is discussed in terms of a possible common mechanism of activation. PMID- 805235 TI - Prealbumins in the vaginal flushings of the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. PMID- 805237 TI - ABO blood groups and human sex ratio at birth. AB - In the aggregate of the seventeen published series of the ABO blood groups of newborn babies and their mothers (an aggregate totalling 53,679 mother-baby combinations) there are substantial reciprocal differences by maternal ABO blood group in respect of the ratio of male to female babies. The ratio is relatively low for AB babies of AB mothers plus A babies of A mothers, but is relatively high for non-AB babies of AB mothers plus non-A babies of A mothers. By contrast, the ratio is relatively high for O babies of O mothers plus B babies of B mothers, but (except in the aggregate of seven of the seventeen series, totalling 16,601 cases) is relatively low for non-O babies of O mothers plus non-B babies of B mothers. Disregarding the babies' blood groups, the sex-ratio is higher for higher for babies of AB than of non-AB mothers. Disregarding the mothers' blood groups, the sex ratio is lower for A than non-A babies, while in the author's own series, included above, the ratio is lower for A babies possessing than for those not possessing detectable A1 antigen. It is suggested that a possible cause of these differences is sex-differential fetal mortality caused by interaction of the ABO genes, and some of the sex-determining genes, with oestrogen and progesterone. PMID- 805236 TI - Association of spermine and diamine oxidase activity with human spermatozoa. AB - Human spermatozoa, separated from the seminal plasma, contained substantial amounts of spermine, and also a distinct diamine oxidase (EC1.4.3.6) activity. Spermine, but not diamine oxidase activity, could be removed from the spermatozoa by washing the cells with buffers containing high concentrations of salts. Incubation of human spermatozoa in the presence of labelled spermine and partly purified amine oxidase from bovine blood gave rise to the formation of radio active products that could not be removed from the spermatozoa by increasing the ionic strength. Similarly, partly purified diamine oxidase from human seminal plasma apparently catalysed the formation of labelled products from radioactive spermine that were more tightly bound to the spermatozoa than spermine itself. PMID- 805239 TI - Role of T cells in the autoimmune disease of New Zealand mice. PMID- 805238 TI - Components of human split ejaculates. I. Spermatozoa, fructose, immunoglobulins, albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin and other plasma proteins. AB - The concentrations of spermatozoa, fructose, IgG, IgA, albumin lactoferrin, transferrin, secretory piece of IgA, Beta 1C/Beta 1A-globulin (C'3-component of complement), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen were evaluated in human split ejaculates and/or in whole human seminal plasma. The concentrations of spermatozoa, IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin decreased from the first portion of the split ejaculate to the last, indicating that these proteins originate mostly from secretions other than the seminal vesicles. By contrast, the highest amounts of fructose and lactoferrin were present in the final portion of the split ejaculates, showing their seminal vesicle origin. No secretory piece, IgM, Beta 1C/Beta 1A-globulin, ceruloplasmin of fibrinogen could be detected in human semen. An unidentified antigen was found that has a relatively high molecular weight and shows Beta 1-mobility on immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 805240 TI - Antigenic evaluation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Immunodiffusion analysis of Mycobacterium lepraemurium indicated the presence of at lease six antigens. Comparative analysis of the M. lepraemurium antigen antibody system with similar systems established for other mycobacterial species, showed that M. lepraemurium shared up to two antigens with other species. Although our observations are in accord with some of the studies on the antigenic mosaic of M. lepraemurium, they are in disagreement with the observations of Stanford (1973) concerning a close serological relationship of this organism to M.avium. This incompatiblity cannot be explained satifactorily at present. PMID- 805242 TI - Brown- and red-pigmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa: differentiation between melanin and pyorubrin. AB - The pigment produced by three clinically isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to by pyomelanin. The pigment is also produced by three strains of the same species labelled as "var. erythrogenes" by the National Collection of Type Cultures, and by Aeromonas salmonicida. Melanin and pyorubrin may be distinguished by the differential effects of tyrosine and glutamate on their production in minimal salts medium; Furunculosis Agar is a suitable medium for differentation of these pigments. PMID- 805241 TI - In-vitro effect of edta-tris-lysozyme solutions on selected pathogenic bacteria. AB - The in-vitro effect of EDTA-Tris-lysozyme solution on 16 pathogenic bacteria of medical or veterinary importance was determined. Marked decreases in bacterial count occurred with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Moraxella osloensis and Campylobacter fetus, and smaller decreses with Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella boydii, Aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Erysipelothrix insidiosa. The test solution had no effect on Klebsiella ozaenae, Brucella canis, Cornynebacterium pyogenes, Coryne, renale, Streptococcus equi and staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 805243 TI - Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to produce a factor or factors that inhibited Cryptococcus neoformans and appeared to be extracellular because the anti-C. neoformans activity was readily demonstrable in medium after the removal and killing of Pseudomonas organisms. Production of the inhibitor material was greatest in DST Agar after prolonged incubation and was reduced in the presence of glucose. A part of the inhibitory material was found to be chromatographically distinct from pyocyanin. PMID- 805244 TI - Factors that may prevent transfer of anti-biotic resistance between gram-negative bacteria in the gut. AB - Antibiotic-resistance transfer between populations of donor and recipient strains of Escherichia coli was completely inhibited in broth by dense suspensions of Bacteroides fragilis. Comparable amounts of inert bacterial matter (for-molised suspensions of E. coli or B. fragilis), or smaller numbers of viable B. fragilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus albus, Neisseria catarrhalis, or solutions of sodium taurocholate or glycocholate were only moderately inhibitory. Anaeroboisis had no effect upon plasmid transfer. Population densities of enteric organisms in these studies were similar to those found in faeces. The presence of dense cultures of B. fragilis provide a satisfactory explanation for almost total inhibition of conjugation in the human gut. Other factors inhibiting conjugation to a lesser degree may reinforce the effect of B. fragilis in vivo. As well as selecting for resistant organisms, antibiotics may also indirectly increase populations of R factor-bearing organisms in the gut by interfering with the anaerobic flora and so permit an increase in the frequency of conjugation. PMID- 805245 TI - The agglutination reactions of Haemophilus paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and some observations on the agglutination of H. Aphrophilus and H. haemoglobinophilus (H. canis). AB - Agglutination tests were used to study the surface antigens of two recently described species of the genus Haemophilus, H. paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus, and their antigenic relationship to other members of the genus. The results obtained with a few strains of H. haemoglobinophilus and H. aphrophilus are also reported. The species H. paraphrophilus appears to be homogeneous; no major cross-reactions were observed. The species H. paraphrohaemolyticus contains at least three serotypes, of which two have been defined in terms of agglutination reactions. Cross-agglutinations occurred between one strain of H. paraphrohaemolyticus and strains of the other V dependent species, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus. Of the X-dependent species, H. haemoglobinophilus seems to be homogeneous, and the species H. aphrophilus is not. A non-specific antibody against horse blood in the medium occurred erratically and was present in only two antisera, those raised to H. aphrophilus strain Khairat and H. haemoglobinophilus strain no. NCTC8540. PMID- 805246 TI - The antibody response to the flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Mutants lacking flagella or fimbriae (pili) or both were used for the preparation and absorption of rabbit antisera against the flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of agglutination, immobilisation and complement-fixation tests indicate that the antisera obtained are specific for flagella. The incorporation of nitrate into semi-solid agar for motility and immobilisation tests was found useful for the selection of activity motile cells and for the demonstration of specific antibody to flagella. PMID- 805247 TI - Mechanism of action of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. Effects on adenylate cyclase of toad and rat erythrocyte plasma membranes. AB - The characteristics of the cholera toxin-stimulated adenylate cyclase of toad (Bufus marinus) and rat erythrocyte plasma membranes have been examined, with special emphasis on the response to purine nucleotides, fluoride, magnesium and catecholamine hormones. Toad erythrocytes briefly exposed to low concentrations of cholera toxin (40,000 to 60,000 molecules per cell) and incubated 2 to 4 hr at 30 degrees C exhibit dramatic alterations in the kinetic and regulatory properties of adenylate cyclase. The approximate Km for ATP, Mg++ increases from about 1.8 to 3.4 mMin the toxin-stimulated enzyme. The stimulation by cholera toxin increases with increasing ATP, Mg++ concentrations, from 20 percent at low levels (0.2 mM) to 500 percent at high concentrations (greater than 3 mM). Addition of GTP, Mg++ (0.2 mM) restores normal kinetic properties to the toxin modified enzyme, such that stimulation is most simply explained by an elevation of Vmax. GTP enhances the toxin-treated enzyme activity two- to fourfold at low ATP concentrations, but this effect disappears at high levels of the substrate. At 0.6 mM ATP and 5 mM MgC12 the apparent K alpha for GTP, Mg++ is 5 to 10 muM. The control(unstimulated) enzyme demonstrates a very small response to the guanyl nucleotide, 5'-ITP also stimulates the toxin-treated enzyme but cGMP, guanine, and the pyrimidine nucleotides have no effect. Cholera toxin also alters the activation of adenylate cyclase by free Mg++, decreasing the apparent K alpha from about 25 to 5 mM. (minus)-Epinephrine sensitizes the toad erythrocyte adenylate cyclase to GTP and also decreases the apparent K alpha for free metal. Sodium fluoride, which causes a 70- to 100-fold activation of enzyme activity, has little effect on sensitivity to GTP, and does not change the apparent K alpha for Mg++; moreover,it prevents modulation of these parameters by cholera toxin. Conversely, cholera toxin severely inhibits NaF activation, and in the presence of fluoride ion the usual three to fivefold stimulation by toxin becomes a 30 to 60 percent inhibition of activity. The toxin-stimulated enzyme can be further activated by catecholamines; in the presence of GTP the (minus)-epinephrine stimulation is enhanced by two- to threefold. The increased catecholamine stimulation of toad erythrocyte adenylate cyclase induced by cholera toxin is explained primarily by an increase in the maximal extent of activation by the hormones. Rat erythrocyte adenylate cyclase is also modified by cholera toxin. In the mammalian system the apparent affinity for the hormone appears to be increased. Cholera toxin thus induces profound and nearly permanent changes in adenylate cyclase by a unique process which mimics the stimulation by hormones in important ways, and which also accentuates the normal hormonal response. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of action of cholera toxin is considered. PMID- 805249 TI - Coupling of sodium transport to respiration in the toad bladder. AB - Energy expenditure and transepithelial sodium transport were measured continuously and simultaneously from isolated urinary bladders of the Dominican toad, Bufo marinus. Sodium transport was measured as the short-circuit current and CO2 produced by the bladder was measured conductometrically by the method of Maffly. The rates of sodium transport and CO2 productions were linearly related. The slope of the regression of sodium transport on CO2 production, dJNa/dJCO2, was found to be quite similar in paired half bladders but to differ significantly between bladders from different toads. Thus, in this preparation there appears to be no unique stoichiometric ratio characterizing sodium transport and metabolism and past efforts to arrive at such a value by averaging results obtained from different animals do not seem warranted. The CO2 production by the isolated bladder which is unrelated to sodium transport was determined by two means: 1) extrapolating the regression of JNa on JCO2 to JNa equals O, and 2) measuring CO2 production with sodium transport suppressed by removal of all sodium from the mucosal bathing medium. The two methods gave values which were in close agreement in each preparationmthis suggests that metabolism which supports nontransport activities in this tissue cannot be recruited to support the energy requirement of sodium transport and vice versa. PMID- 805250 TI - A clinical study of the use of cromolyn in asthma. PMID- 805248 TI - Mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. AB - The kinetics and properties of the activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera enterotoxin have been examined primarily in toad erythrocytes, but also in avian erythrocytes, rat fat cells and cultured melanoma cells. When cholera toxin is incubated with intact cells it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, as measured in the subsequently isolated plasma membranes, according to a triphasic time course. This consists of a true lag period of about 30 min, followed by a stage of exponentially increasing adenylate cyclase activity which continues for 110 to 130 min, and finally a period of slow activation which may extend as long as 30 hr in cultured melanoma cells. The progressive activation of adenylate cyclase activity by cholera toxin is interrupted by cell lysis; continued incubation of the isolated membranes under nearly identical conditions does not lead to further activation of the enzyme. The delay in the action of the toxin is not grossly dependent of the number of toxin-receptor (GM1 ganglioside) complexes, and is still seen upon adding a second dose of toxin to partially stimulated cells. Direct measurements indicate negligible intracellular levels of biologically active radioiodinated toxin in either a soluble or a nuclear-bound form. The effects are not prevented by Actinomycin D (20 mug/ml), uromycin (30 mug/ml), cycloheximide (30 mug/ml), sodium fluoride (10 mM) or sodium azide (1 mM); KCN, however, almost completely prevents the action of cholera toxin. The action of the toxin is temperature dependent, occurring at very slow or negligible rates below certain critical temperatures, the values of which depend on the specific animal species. Thetransition for toad erythrocytes occurs at 15 to 17 degrees C, while rat adipocytes and turkey erythrocytes demonstrate a discontinuity at 26 to 30 degrees C. The temperature effects are evident during the lag period as well as during the exponential phase of activation. The rate of decay of the stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of cultured melanoma cells indicates a half time of about 36 hr. The rate of exponentially increasing activity and extent of enzyme activation are related to the number of bound toxin molecules according to a Langmuir adsorption isotherm and are half-maximal when about 2000 molecules of toxin are bound per cell. It is proposed that initially cholera toxin binds ineffectively, but that it is converted to an active form during the lag phase. This process may involve lateral motion of toxin-GM1 ganglioside complex within the plane of the membrane. The kinetics of adenylate cyclase activation are consistent with the possibility that during the exponential phase a bimolecular association is proceeding between the active form of the cholera toxin and some other membrane component. The possibility is considered that the cholera toxin molecule may bind directly to adenylate cyclase. These considerations may prove useful in understanding the possible interactions of active hormone-receptor complexes with adenylate cyclase in cell membranes. PMID- 805251 TI - The crisis in health care delivery. PMID- 805252 TI - Site of origin of mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in the rat. AB - Serial sections of mammary glands from female Sprague-Dawley rats were examined at different intervals after rats were treated with 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (CMBA). DMBA was given either by intravenous (iv) injection or by local application. Lesions with histologic characteristics typical of mammary adenocarcinomas were observed in the mammary glands as early as 20 days after DMBA treatment, when no other lesions were detectable. Whereas hyperplastic alveolar nodules in the mammary glands began to appear 35 days after iv injection of DMBA, they were never observed after local application of the carcinogen. All mammary tumors were adenocarcinomas of ductal origin. PMID- 805253 TI - Control of local tumor growth with combined fractionated radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens. AB - A treatment concept for the control of tumor growth utilized weekday radiotherapy and weekend chemotherapy. Mice were given sc injections of P815X2 mastocytoma cells on the lower back (day 0) and separated into the following treatment groups: 5-day/week X-irradiation, adriamycin alone at either 5 mg/kg body wt (days 6 and 13) or 2 mg/kg (days 5, 12, and 19), and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Untreated controls had a mean tumor volume of 2.77 cm-3 and a mean survival time of 24 days. Adriamycin alone at 5 mg/kg resulted in an eventual tumor of 70 percent of the control value at death, whereas at 2mg/kg the tumor volume was 60 percent of control. After radiotherapy only, tumor size was 52 percent of control. Irradiation plus either 5 or 2 mg drug per kg body wt resulted in tumor volumes of 23 and 30 percent, respectively, of control values. Although no treatment regimen prolonged survival, the marked reduction in local tumor growth with combination therapy indicates that it may be a useful concept in future cancer therapy. PMID- 805254 TI - Immunopotentiation with BCG: dimensions of a specific antitumor response. AB - The dimensions of a BCG-potentiated antitumor response against the poorly immunogenic murine mastocytoma, P815 (MA), are described for a model in which the tumor immunogen is injected into subcutaneous sites previously infected with BCG; a distantly located tumor challenge is subsequently monitored for evidence of regression. A comparison of concomitant immunity and the immunity elicited by injection of varying doses of live MA into sites previously infected with BCG revealed similar antitumor effects. The subcutaneous site was the most effective route for immunization with BCG and irradiated tumor cells. Antitumor immunity was maximally expressed at intravascular sites and in the footpad. Complete tumor suppression was limited to footpadchallenge with 10-4-10-5 MA. Not only did the iv injection of BCG and immunogen fail to elicit immunity against subcutaneous challenge, but also systemically administered immunogens abrogated antitumor immunity elicited by subcutaneous immunization. These effects were reversed by prior splenectomy. Immunity was specific for the evoking tumor immunogen, but challenge with the specific tumor did not elicit nonspecific resistance against another 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumor. In another strain of mice, immunity potentiated by BCG against the highly antigenic tumor, Meth A, was more effective than that potentiated against the poorly immunogenic MA. PMID- 805255 TI - Surgical correction of a lateral duodenal fistula with the Roux-Y technique: report of a case. PMID- 805256 TI - The liver and carbohydrate metabolism in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 805257 TI - Infant feeding and protein-calorie malnutrition in Freetown. PMID- 805258 TI - Non-nutritional aetiological factors of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Africa. PMID- 805259 TI - Effects of a low-cost local formula mixture (Superamine) on the growth of infants in an urban area. PMID- 805260 TI - Effects of different fixatives on the ultrastructure of the developing proximal tubule in the rat kidney. PMID- 805261 TI - Melanosome formation in the goldfish: the role of multivesicular bodies. PMID- 805263 TI - Letter: Cromolyn vs placebo. PMID- 805262 TI - The fine structure of the eye imagina disks in muscoid flies. PMID- 805264 TI - Heroin detoxification. A comparison of propoxyphene and methadone. AB - Propoxyphene napsylate and methadone hydrochloride were each administered under double-blind conditions to 36 outpatients for 21-day heroin detoxification. The initial dosage was 24 mg/day for methadone hydrochloride and 800 mg/day for propoxyphene napsylate. At these dosages, methadone more effectively suppressed the opiate-withdrawal syndrome, and patients remained in treatment longer in the methadone group (P greater than .05). In regard to heroin abstinence, however, results were not statistically significant in either group, as indicated by the number of patients whose urine was positive for morphine on admission and became negative during treatment, and the number who had morphine-negative urine at the conclusion of 21-day treatment. A one-month follow-up of patients showed that more patients given methadone had entered long-term medical maintenance while more patients given propoxyphene were heroin-abstinent. This study indicates that 21-day heroin detoxification, regardless of chemotherapeutic agent, yields a low rate of heroin abstinence. PMID- 805265 TI - Mail-order medicine; An analysis of the Sears Roebuck Foundation's Community Medical Assistance Program. AB - Of the 625 rural communities that originally applied to the Sears Roebuck Foundation's Community Medical Assistance Program, 253 were accepted. One hundred sixty-three went on to build clinics, and 132 had physicians at the time of follow-up. From the standpoint of physician coverage of the community once a clinic had been built, the rate of physician availability was 78 percent, The communities' success in recruiting and retaining physicians was compared against 13 variables; none was significantly related to the recruitment, and only two- numbers of service clubs and distance to nearest physician--were related to retention. PMID- 805266 TI - Free-thyroxine index. PMID- 805267 TI - [Papillary diverticulosis]. PMID- 805268 TI - [The concept and practice of problem-oriented system]. PMID- 805269 TI - [Problem-oriented system and innovation of medical practice: discussion]. PMID- 805271 TI - [Clinical illustration of the problem-oriented system. II. Introduction of the problem-oriented system to the obstetric ward]. PMID- 805270 TI - [Clinical illustration of the problem-oriented system. I. Introduction of the problem-oriented system in the chronic disease clinic and home nursing service]. PMID- 805272 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with distrust of medical therapy]. PMID- 805273 TI - [Designing of a sectioned mattress using styrofoam]. PMID- 805274 TI - [Mental deterioration of the aged - common misunderstanding related to the condition]. PMID- 805275 TI - [Need for sympathetic attitude of the nursing personnel. An appeal by a patient with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 805276 TI - [Anatomical sites most likely to be affected with bedsores. Analysis by isolinear photography and somatic pressure distribution]. PMID- 805277 TI - [Environment and the human body. 11. Ontogeny and the environment]. PMID- 805278 TI - [Abnormal personality. 11. Definition of the personality and its abnormality]. PMID- 805279 TI - [Oriental medicine (2)]. PMID- 805280 TI - [The psychological gap between healthy nurses and ill patients]. PMID- 805282 TI - [Discussion: the healthy person and the sick patient]. PMID- 805283 TI - [Discussion: limitations in understanding of the psychology of the patient]. PMID- 805281 TI - [Limitations in the understanding of the psychology of sick patients]. PMID- 805284 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of an aged patient in the terminal stage, an observation during 8 hours of the midnight shift]. PMID- 805285 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a patient with senile dementia]. PMID- 805286 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a patient with megacolon]. PMID- 805288 TI - [Nursing of a 20-year-old man with a brain tumor]. PMID- 805287 TI - [Rehabilitation nursing of a patient with uterine cancer associated with intestinal fistula. A case conference]. PMID- 805289 TI - [Pathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 3. Etiology other than sustained physical pressure]. PMID- 805290 TI - [Environment and the human body. 12. Heredity and environment]. PMID- 805291 TI - [Abnormal personality. 12. Definition of abnormality]. PMID- 805292 TI - [Oriental medicine. 3. Application of herbal medicine]. PMID- 805293 TI - [Current status of and expectations in nursing]. PMID- 805294 TI - [Expectations of medical personnel]. PMID- 805295 TI - [Home care, a distinction between the care administered by family members and by professional personnel]. PMID- 805296 TI - [Discussion: on iatrogenic incidents]. PMID- 805297 TI - [Nursing duty and iatrogenic incidents]. PMID- 805298 TI - [Report on a victim of an iatrogenic disease]. PMID- 805299 TI - [Discussion: the logic and campaign for the victims of iatrogenic diseases]. PMID- 805300 TI - [Observations on public opinion about the aged; a reflection from the newspaper columns]. PMID- 805301 TI - [Bedside nursing: bladder training of aged patients with senile dementia]. PMID- 805302 TI - [Postoperative course and rehabilitation of a patient with adrenal hyperplasia and lumbar fracture]. PMID- 805304 TI - [Nursing with emphasis on the benefit for the patient rather than hospital efficiency]. PMID- 805303 TI - [Improvement of a restraint belt attached to a pediatric bed]. PMID- 805305 TI - [Need for a humane attitude in the practice of medicine]. PMID- 805306 TI - [Pathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 4. Recurrent decubitus ulcer as a cause of a malignant tumor]. PMID- 805307 TI - [Stress and diseases. 1. Definition of stress]. PMID- 805308 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 1. Reproductive physiology in childhood. (1)]. PMID- 805309 TI - [Oriental medicine. 4. Use of medicinal herbs in various disease conditions. (2)]. PMID- 805310 TI - The effect of intramuscular thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the thyroid 131I uptake in man. AB - The effect of a single large intramuscular injections of TRH (2 mg) on the thyroid 131I uptake in normal man was assessed at varying intervals following the administration of TRH. When the 131I was given simultaneously with TRH, the 3- and 5-hour 131I uptake decreased. When the 131I was administered 8 hours after TRH, the thyroid 131I increased significantly. This response in uptake is similar to that observed in the rat following TSH stimulation. The present study defines the time course of the thyroid 131I uptake response to endogenous TSH stimulation. PMID- 805311 TI - [A study on prevalence of resistance to major drugs among newly admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patents in 1972. Part 1. Comparison of result in 1972 with those in 1957, '59, '61, '63, '66 and '69]. PMID- 805312 TI - [Proceedings: Tuberculosis--50 years of clinical study: its past and present. (2) Chemotherapy]. PMID- 805313 TI - [Proceedings: Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 805314 TI - [Proceedings: Compounds of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 805315 TI - [Proceedings: Immunology of Mycobacterium and its infection]. PMID- 805316 TI - [Proceedings: Chemotherapy in tuberculosis. (1) Antibacterial function of drugs]. PMID- 805317 TI - Excessive urinary zinc losses during parenteral alimentation. PMID- 805318 TI - Determination of optimal hyperalimentation infusion rate. PMID- 805319 TI - The value of mechanical ventricular assistance in maintenance of cerebral blood flow after cardiac arrest. PMID- 805320 TI - Pulmonary platelet trapping during shock and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 805321 TI - Globality and stereoscopic fusion in binocular vision. PMID- 805322 TI - Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Diverticula rarely occur within the lumen of the duodenum. They arise near the papilla of Vater and extend distally. The diverticulum is lined on both sides with duodenal mucosa, and its eccentric opening is usually proximal in the sac. The diverticulum results from incomplete recanalization of the intestinal lumen after the proliferative epithelial stage in the 7-week embryo and represents either a remnant of one of two channels formed during recanalization or a distal ballooning of a congenital duodenal diaphragm. Although the patient with a diverticulum may be asymptomatic, most patients present with abdominal pain and obstructive symptoms; pancreatitis and gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with the diverticulum. Barium study shows a characteristic radiolucent halo that represents the wall of the diverticulum. Surgery should be approached with caution because injury to the papilla is a hazard, and in children, coexisting congenital anomalies may be present. PMID- 805324 TI - [About 30,000 new positions are needed in long term care until 1985]. PMID- 805323 TI - [The physicians Society on long-term care. Acute care can not be reduced just because long-term care grows]. PMID- 805325 TI - [Sulfa resistant meningococcus in Sweden--occurrence, vaccination and chemoprophylaxis]. PMID- 805326 TI - [More aged people raise the press on both acute health care and long term care]. PMID- 805327 TI - [Letter: Long term care without resources for acute somatic care--what is that?]. PMID- 805328 TI - [Symposium Uterine tube]. PMID- 805329 TI - [Comparative study of therapeutic methods in the treatment of acute salpingitis]. PMID- 805330 TI - Mycotoxins: occurrence, chemistry, biological activity. PMID- 805333 TI - [Thyroxine metabolism in the rat. Changes caused by massive doses of thyroxine or triiodothyronine]. PMID- 805332 TI - Novel interference in thiobarbituric acid assay for lipid peroxidation. AB - The thiobarbituric acid test for lipid peroxidation, when applied to a mixture of acetaldehyde and sucrose, produces a 532 nm aborbing chromogen which is indistinguishable from that formed by malonaldehyde and thiobarbituric acid. Unless special procedures are adopted to correct for this effect, the combined action of acetaldehyde and sucrose interferes seriously with the assay of lipid peroxidation reactions, notably those implicated in alcohol-induced liver injuries. However, this unusual thiobarbituric acid effect also can be used as a sensitive method for the detection of acetaldehyde. PMID- 805331 TI - Dealkylation of 24-ethylsterols by Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - When Tetrahymena pyriformis was incubated with sitosterol ([24R]-24-ethylcholest 5-en-3 beta-ol]) or its trans-delta22-derivative (stigmasterol), the C-24 dealkylated product, cholesta-5,7,trans-22-trien-3 beta-ol, was obtained in both cases. 24(S)-24-Ethylcholesta-5,7,trans-22-trien-3 beta-ol also was found to be a metabolite. When sitosterol was the substrate, 24(R)-24-ethylcholesta-5,7-dien-3 beta-ol was obtained as a third product. Identifications were made by mass spectroscopy, quantitative chromatography, labeling with 14C, and by other means. The dealkylated product (cholestratrienol) represented 30 percent of the sterols isolable after incubation. The administration of sterols to this organism did not induce sterol biosynthesis, since 2-14C-mevalonate failed to yield radioactive sterol in the presence of added stigmasterol. PMID- 805334 TI - [Direct agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease. Systematic use of 2-mercaptoethanol for the elimination of nonspecific agglutinins]. PMID- 805335 TI - [Acute leukomia and Chagas' disease. 4 cases]. PMID- 805336 TI - The role of retinol-binding protein in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Plasma RBP is decreased to 1.62 mg plus or minus 0.71/100 ml, or 31.1 percent of normal, in the acute stage of kwashiorkor. RBP doubles its plasma level after 1 wk and triples after 2 wk of appropriate refeeding. The return to normal of RPB runs in close parallel with prealbumin (PA), implying that both components remain bound by 1:1 molar ratio in the PA-RBP complex. Low values recorded on admission for RBP seem to be the result of reduced liver biosynthesis. On the other hand, a high correlation persists between RBP and retinol plasma level along the successive steps of clinical recovery, suggesting that RBP acts as the limiting factor for retinol transport. PMID- 805338 TI - The time course of changes in TRH responsiveness in man following a single dose of liothyronine. AB - The serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 100 mug i.v.) was evaluated prior to and at various times following the oral administration of single doses of liothyronine (100 mug) given at weekly intervals. The TSH response to TRH was mildly depressed when TRH was given 1 hr after liothyronine administration when the serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration was strikingly elevated, was markedly reduced 16 and 24 hr after liothyronine, was essentially abolished 3 days after liothyronine when the serum T3 concentration was normal, and was normal 7 days after liothyronine administration. These findings suggest that the more prolonged suppression of TRH responsiveness, observed following the withdrawal of long-term excess endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormones, cannot be ascribed to the intrinsic duration of action of the hormone present at the time of withdrawal, but rather to the prolonged extent of the suppression itself. PMID- 805337 TI - Neurologic manifestations of diabetic comas: correlation with biochemical alterations in the brain. AB - Coma and other neurologic abnormalities are present in patients with either diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or nonketotic coma (NKC), and the cause of such phenomena are not known. Patients with NKC also manifest seizures and focal neurologic changes. Treatment of diabetic coma with insulin may induce cerebral edema by as yet undefined mechanism(s). In patients with DKA, cerebral oxygen utilization is impaired, and there is hyperviscosity of the blood. A substantial part of the brain's energy source is derived from ketones, which in themselves can depress sensorium. Extracellular hyperosomolality is present, which may also contribute to the genesis of coma. In addition, most ketoacidotic patients have associated medical conditions, which may further impair consciousness. Biochemical changes in the brains of animals with DKA include impairment of both phosphofructokinase activity and pyruvate oxidation, and accumulation of citrate. The net effect upon sensorium in ketoacidotic patients probably represents the interaction of most of the above factors and differs markedly among individuals. Patients with NKC manifest not only depression of sensorium, but also focal motor seizures, hemiparesis, and other neurologic changes, such as aphasia, hypereflexia, sensory defects, autonomic changes, and brainstem dysfunction. Most of the aforementioned changes revert to normal after correction of hyperosomolality. Gamma amino butyric acid, which has been shown to elevate the seizure threshold, is normal in brains of ketoacidotic animals, but may be low in nonketotic coma. Also, hyperosomolality per se may produce seizures. Cerebral edema may complicate the treatment of either DKA or NKC. The available experimental evidence suggests that many of the commonly held theories for the production of such brain swelling probably do not occur. There is no breakdown of the sodium pump, sorbitol or fructose do not accumulate in brain, and brain glucose is only about 25 percent of that in plasma; Cerebral edema is probably produced largely by a direct action of insulin on brain at a time when plasma glucose is approaching normal values. Cerebral edema can thus theoretically be avoided by stopping insulin when plasma glucose has been lowered to values approaching normal. PMID- 805339 TI - Thyroid function and related hepatic enzymes in the germfree rat. AB - The adult germfree rat has a low metabolic rate, and the activity of various hepatic enzymes differs substantially from values found in the conventional animal. To promote understanding of the shifts in intermediary metabolism apparent in the germfree rodent, parameters of thyroid function and the activity of three enzyme systems presumably influenced by thyroid function were determined in 40-, 60-, and 100-day-old male germfree and conventional Lobund rats of Wistar origin. Serum thyroxine concentrations generally increased with age. They were below normal levels in 40- and 60-day-old germfree rats but appeared normal in the 100-day-old germfree animal. Serum thyroxine-binding protein saturation levels were significantly reduced in germfree rats of all age groups, but the reduction was least in the 100-day-old group. Mitochondrial succinate oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were lower in livers of germfree rats of all age groups, although the significance of the difference in succinic oxidase activity became less in older animals. Monoamine oxidase activity was similar in germfree and conventional animals. Although the data suggest a hypofunction of the thyroid in the immature germfree rat, no definite relation between thyroid function and the characteristic metabolic anomalies of the germfree rat could be established. PMID- 805340 TI - TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC THYROTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR. PMID- 805342 TI - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle-1. PMID- 805343 TI - Mutarotase from higher plants. PMID- 805341 TI - In vitro pituitary hormone secretion assay for hypophysiotropic substances. PMID- 805344 TI - Intramyocardial diversion of coronary blood flow: effects of isoproterenol induced subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 805345 TI - On the aggregation of red cells in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and multiple myeloma. PMID- 805347 TI - Review of a drug additives programme. PMID- 805346 TI - Platelet retention test: accumulation of corpuscles at the advancing blood--air interface. PMID- 805348 TI - Letter: Epidemic Neisseria meningitis. PMID- 805349 TI - The health of the aboriginal children of Cunnamulla, Western Queensland. PMID- 805350 TI - Editorial: The protein enigma. PMID- 805352 TI - Letter: Blockage of membrane filters in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 805351 TI - Urinary tract infection treated with oxolinic acid. PMID- 805353 TI - [Anaphylactic shock following multiple injection of a multienzyme compound (author's transl)]. AB - An anaphylactic shock after multiple injections of the multienzyme compound Neoblastine with the clinical signs of unconsciousness, tachycardia and marked depression of vascular system is reported. Specific antibodies (double diffusion method; 1:32) and an increasing eosinophilia of the peripheral blood up to 36 rel. % have been demonstrated. It must be warned of the application of this compound, the indication of which is extremely doubtful. PMID- 805354 TI - [The action of the antihypertensive agent Bendigon on serum lipids (author's transl)]. AB - For a period of 3 months the action of Bendigo on raised serum lipid levels was tested in 28 patients. Serum cholesterin dropped from 264 to 215 mg%, and triglycerides from 212 to 117 mg% - both changes being statistically significant. The change in the serum lipids may be ascribed to an inhibition of lipolysis, mainly induced by mesoinosit-hexonitolnicotinate. Hypertensive levels were significantly affected by Bendigon (drop from 210/101 to 165/76 mmHg). The combined action of the various drugs in Bendigon improves results of therapy with a low dosis, making long-term treatment without complications possible. This is of great importance in view of the significance of high serum lipid levels and hypertension as risk factors in the etiology of coronary heart disorders. PMID- 805355 TI - Photochemotherapy of psoriasis. PMID- 805356 TI - Antibodies in the saliva after antigenic challenge of the parotid gland of systemically sensitized rats. AB - Anti-BSA antibodies were detected in the parotid saliva of untreated rats. In non sensitized animals, the parotid duct of which was repeatedly instilled with saline or BSA, the antibody titers rose significantly. Introduction of BSA into the parotid gland of sensitized animals was followed by a significant rise in salivary but not in circulating antibodies. The findings demonstrate the relative independence of the local from the systemic immune system. PMID- 805358 TI - Build-up region of megavoltage photon radiation sources. AB - Measurements of surface dose and build-up have been measured for photon radiation sources with maximum energy from 1.2 to 25 MeV. A variable volume ionization chamber was used and the results extrapolated to what would be obtained with a zero volume chamber. The results are found to depend systematically on the plate separation of a parallel plate ionization chamber and an empirical method was derived for correcting measurements made with a fixed volume chamber. The relationship of dose build-up curves with skin reactions in radiation therapy patients is discussed. PMID- 805357 TI - [The rate of healthy carriers of Listeria monocytogenes]. AB - The feces of 318 healthy adults were examined for L. monocytogenes by means of the cold enrichment and of two different selective media (nalidixic acid trypaflavin-serum agar; Braveny medium). 15 persons (4.7 percent) proved to be carriers. Three of the 15 strains only caused hemolysis on sheep blood agar and belonged to serotypes 1/2b, 1/2c and 3c. The nonhemolytic strains without exception belonged to serotypes 4f and 4g. The Braveny medium proved to be superior to the nalidixic acid-trypaflavin-serum agar for isolating L. monocytogenes from feces. PMID- 805359 TI - High energy electron radiotherapy in a magnetic field. AB - We propose the use of high energy electrons in a strong local magnetic field as the ionizing beam in radiation therapy. A high kinetic energy insures that the electrons will penetrate to deep-seated tumor masses. A high magnetic field of several tesla in the region encompassing the tumor will confine the high energy electrons to the tumor volume before the scattering of the beam becomes excessive, thus producing an enhanced electron "Bragg peak" and highly localized strong radiation dose. The conclusions are based on a detailed Monte Carlo model which includes Landau straggling, multiple scattering, and the space dependence of the magnetic field. PMID- 805360 TI - Practical virology: indications and yield. PMID- 805361 TI - Modern concepts in the management of gastrojejunocolic fistula. PMID- 805363 TI - Heterozygous effects of x-ray induced mutations on viability of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Drosophila second chromosomes that had received 1000 R of X-irradiation mainly in the mature sperm stage were tested for heterozygous effects on viability. When the genetic background was heterozygous the viability was reduced by about 1.5 percent; in a nearly homozygous background the viability was enhanced by about the same amount. In a partially inbred background the results were intermediate. The results are therefore in agreement with earlier experiments of Wallace and Mukai. PMID- 805362 TI - N-Nitrosocarbaryl-induced mutagenesis in Haemophilus influenzae strains deficient in repair and recombination. AB - Mutagenesis was studied in repair- and recombination-deficient strains of Haemophilus influenzae after treatment with N-nitrosocarbaryl (NC). Three different strains of H. influenzae carrying mutations affecting excision-repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers exhibited normal repair of premutational lesions (as detected by decreased mutation yield resulting from post-treatment DNA synthesis delay) and normal nonreplicative mutation fixation. This indicated that neither of these phenomena are caused by the smae repair mechanism that removes UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the DNA. The recombination-deficient mutant recI is apparently deficient in the replication-dependent mode of NC-induced mutation fixation. This conclusion is based on the following results: (I) NC induced mutagenesis is lower in the recI strain than in rec+ cells. (2) Repair of premutational lesions (which depends on the existence of replication-dependent mutation fixation for its detection) was not detected in the recI strain. (3) When nonreplicative mutation fixation and final mutation frequency were measured in the same experiment, about I/4 to I/3 of the final mutation yield could be accounted for by nonreplicative mutation fixation in the rec+ strain, whereas all of the mutation could be accounted for in the recI strain by the nonreplicative mutation fixation. (4) When mutation fixation in strain dna9 recI was followed at the permissive (36 degrees) and nonpermissive (41 degrees) temperatures, it became apparent that in the recI strain replication-dependent mutation fixation occurs at early times, but these newly fixed mutations are unstable and disappear at later times, leaving only the mutations fixed by the nonreplicative process. The recI strain exhibits normal repair of NC-induced single-strand breaks or alkali-labile bonds in the DNA labeled before treatment, but is slow in joining discontinuties present in DNA synthesized after treatment. The results are consistent with the idea that in NC-treated H. influenzae cells the replication dependent mode of mutation fixation occurs by error-prone joining of interruptions present in the DNA synthesized after treatment. The possibility still exists, however, that during DNA replication mispairing occurs opposite certain alkylation-induced lesions and that mutations arising during replication of strain recI later disappear as a result of degradation of newly synthesized DNA, which is excessive in this strain. PMID- 805364 TI - Further studies on heterozygous effects of radiation on viability of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Drosophila second chromosomes which had received a dose of 1000 R of X-rays were studied for heterozygous effects of newly-induced mutations on viability. In both homozygous and heterozygous backgrounds, the mean effect of radiation was not significantly different from zero. The results, therefore, do not support the experiments of Wallace and Mukai nor those reported by Maruyama and Crow. PMID- 805365 TI - Lack of mutagenicity of chlormequat chloride in Drosophila and in bacteria. PMID- 805366 TI - Mutagenic activities of metal compounds in bacteria. PMID- 805367 TI - Letter: Nerve-growth factor in disseminated neurofibromatosis;. PMID- 805368 TI - Editorial: Perinatal events and respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 805369 TI - Letter: Fanconi syndrome with lambda light chains in urine. PMID- 805370 TI - Editorial: The nurse's role in treating hypertension. PMID- 805371 TI - Synthesis of ribosomal RNA during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 805372 TI - Tryptophan pyrrolase activity regulation in Drosophila: role of an isoacceptor tRNA unsettled. PMID- 805373 TI - Chemical and immunological differences between normal and tumoral colonic mucoprotein antigen. PMID- 805374 TI - Dominance at Adh locus in response of adult Drosophila melanogaster to environmental alcohol. PMID- 805376 TI - Comparison of doubling numbers attained by cultured animal cells with life span of species. PMID- 805375 TI - Iris colour and relationship of tyrosinase activity to adrenergic innervation. PMID- 805377 TI - Letter: Environmental modification of a genetically based bahaviour pattern in D. melanogaster. PMID- 805378 TI - Vertical clinging and leaping in a neotropical anthropoid. PMID- 805380 TI - Inhibition by parasites of melanotic tumour formation in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 805379 TI - Pyruvate kinase in malaria host-parasite interaction. PMID- 805382 TI - Ethosuximide in the treatment of absence (peptit mal) seizures. AB - Thirty-seven patients with previously untreated absence seizures were treated with ethosuximide. Seizures were completely controlled in 7 patients (19 percent); 90 to 100 percent control was achieved in 18 patients (49 percent) and 50 to 100 percent control in 35 (95 percent). Plasma ethosuximide concentration increased with dose, but variability in the plasma concentration produced by a given ethosuximide dose made it impossible to predict a patient's plasma concentration from the dose. The therapeutic range of plasma ethosuximide concentration was 40 to 100 mug per milliliter. Patients with evidence of structural central nervous system abnormalities responded as well or better to the drug as patients without such evidence. Ethosuximide did not impair psychometric performance, but rather resulted in improved performance in 17 cases. The side effects of ethosuximide were minor, and rarely required withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 805381 TI - [Changes of blood pressure, pulse and electrolytes following long-term treatment of Parkinsonism using Ro 8-0576 (L-Dopa and decarboxylase inhibitor)]. PMID- 805383 TI - [Pleural mesothelioma. Description of a case of slow development]. PMID- 805385 TI - [Radiotherapy of lymphomas]. AB - The treatment of choice for lymphomas in general and 1st and 2nd stage Hodgkin's disease in particular in high-energy radiotherapy. This has led to improved results, especially with respect to survival. The most effective techniques are those directed to all the lymph nodes, including the spleen "total nodal irradiation". Supradiaphragmatic areas are managed by means of Kaplan's mantle technique, whereas the wide-field upside-down Y technique is used below the diaphragm. These new methods are described and statistics relating to their employment published by Stanford University and the National Cancer Institute are cited. PMID- 805384 TI - [Chronic hepatitis: diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - The morphological criteria for diagnosing chronic hepatitis are discussed and criticised. A classification closer to clinical reality than that of De Groote et al 1968 is then proposed. Personal experience in differential laboratory diagnosis between the various forms of chronic hepatitis by means of comparative evaluation of an enzymogram and the measurement of certain proteins in the serum is then reported. Case examples are given to emphasise the possibilities of the immunological approach to the problem of active chronic hepatitis. Finally, the cardinal points of therapy are reviewed. PMID- 805386 TI - [Considerations on and personal experience with postoperative acute pancreatitis after biliary tract surgery]. AB - Blood amylase was evaluated as a sign of pancreas damage in 120 patients subjected to bile duct surgery. Increases justifying the description "acute pancreatitis" were noted only in cases involving the papilla and were small in other circumstances. Emphasis is placed on the value of this routine examination in the immediate postoperative period as a defence against acute pancreatitis. PMID- 805388 TI - [Crossed double-blind multicentric studies of the effect of verapamil in patients with angina pectoris]. AB - The anti-angina effect of Verapamil was investigated during a multicentric study carried out with the crossed, double blind technique. The drug was administered in a dose of 240 mg per day per os. During the period of treatment with Verapamil, particularly significant effects in the number of angina attacks, the consumption of nitroglycerin and tolerance of effort were observed. PMID- 805387 TI - [Calcium-antagonism, a new principle in coronary vasodilation]. AB - As in all other vessels, coronary contractile tone depends on the availability of Ca ions. Thus, Ca-antagonistic drugs such as verapamil, prenylamine or nifedipine produce a loss of muscle tone in depolarized coronary strips. One molecule of these compounds successfully blocks the action of thousands of Ca ions in excitation-contraction coupling. Nitroglycerine and other nitrites exert a similar action, though in their case relaxation is more rapid, incomplete and spontaneously reversible. In analogy to their well-known Ca-synergistic action on heart muscle fibres, cardiac glycosides are also capable of increasing the coronary vascular tone even in very low concentrations. If, however, suitable doses of Ca-antagonistic compounds are simultaneously administered, the hearts are protected against this unpleasant coronary side effect without an appreciable loss of the inotropic glycoside action on the myocardium. PMID- 805389 TI - Brain growth in kwashiorkor. PMID- 805390 TI - Lymphocyte function in malnutrition. PMID- 805391 TI - Lengths of poly-gamma-glutamyl chains in natural folates. PMID- 805393 TI - Elderly citizens and long term care. PMID- 805392 TI - Blood level estimation in phenytoin treatment of epilepsy. AB - Observations are presented on the monitoring of blood levels of phenytoin. Amongst blood samples from 453 adults and 136 children substantial numbers were either well below the therapeutically most effective range or within the potentially toxic range. The value of blood level monitoring in management of epilepsy with phenytoin is emphasised. PMID- 805394 TI - Long-term treatment and prognosis of malignant tumors of the nasopharynx. AB - A wholly unselected material of 56 patients with malignant tumors in the nasopharynx is presented. The individual course of each patient is tabulated. On the basis of the given therapy, mainly radiotherapy, the poor long-term prognosis of these patients is discussed. Stress is laid on the important problem of palliation in the final stage. PMID- 805395 TI - Studies on tympanic membrane transplants. I. Tympanic homografts. PMID- 805396 TI - Studies on tympanic membrane transplants. II. Cartilage, bone and other homografts. PMID- 805397 TI - [Morquio syndrome]. PMID- 805398 TI - Cellular immune reactions of larvae of Drosophila algonquin. AB - The haemocytic reactions of larvae of Drosophila algonquin leading to encapsulation and melanization of eggs of the hymenopterous parasite Pseudeucoila bochei are characterized in part by the premature mass differentiation of plasmatocytes to lamellocytes. Normally this transformation of blood cells occurs at the time of pupation. The data suggest the haemocytes are stimulated to differentiate by chemotactic means. In susceptible host larvae the parasite appears activately to inhibit the immune reactions by blocking cellular differentiation. PMID- 805399 TI - [The amniotic fluid concentration of non-hemic iron and protein at the end of pregnancy and during labor in the presence of Rh sensitization]. PMID- 805401 TI - The use of cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma in children. PMID- 805400 TI - The misuse of antibiotics for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children. AB - Antibiotic therapy has been shown to be of no value in the treatment of the URI- either in shortening the course of the acute illness or in preventing the development of secondary bacterial infections. Patient expense, as well as the threat of adverse reactions, should prohibit the present practice by some of routinely prescribing tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin. Indiscriminate antibiotic therapy cannot substitute for proper diagnostic evaluation of the patient who may have either a bacterial or, far more likely, a viral illness. PMID- 805402 TI - Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of children with severe, perennial asthma. AB - Cromolyn sodium is a recently introduced drug used in the prophylactic treatment of severe, perennial, bronchial asthma, particularly in the pediatric age group. In a multicenter trial, 276 chronic asthmatic patients of eight pediatric allergists entered a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study lasting 12 weeks. Test compounds of cromolyn sodium or placebo were inhaled four times a day, and daily scores were kept of symptom severity as well as frequency of use of other medications. Patients had statistically significant lower average daily symptom scores when treated with cromolyn sodium as compared to treatment with placebo. A strong subjective preference for cromolyn sodium was expressed by 60% of those completing the trial, versus 9% for placebo. The patients' need for other symptomatic medications also dropped significantly during the cromolyn treatment period. PMID- 805403 TI - [Isolation of meningococcus from unaltered cerebrospinal fluid in children with meningococcemia]. PMID- 805404 TI - [Acido-ketotic hyperosmolar coma without initial ketonuria: favorable course]. PMID- 805405 TI - [Patricia Winchester's syndrome]. PMID- 805406 TI - [Letter: Assay of immunoglobulin E in cancer patients]. PMID- 805407 TI - [Letter: Allergy of food origin. Value of oral sodium chromoglycate]. PMID- 805409 TI - [Letter: Encephalopathies during treatment with bismuth or the mishaps of"conjugated" bismuth therapy]. PMID- 805408 TI - [Letter: Increase of beta 1c globulin (C'3) in cancer patients]. PMID- 805410 TI - [Letter: The rhythm of intravenous potassium administration]. PMID- 805411 TI - [Abandonment of aged patient in chronic disease units]. PMID- 805412 TI - [Traumatic Pharyngeal pseudo-diverticulum in the newborn]. PMID- 805413 TI - [Letter: Bacterial precipitins and multiples precipitins]. PMID- 805414 TI - [Letter: S.E.D., A.P.U.D., Schwartz-Bartter syndrome, phacomatosis]. PMID- 805415 TI - [Mammotropic hormones. Internal regulation and drug interferences (excluding gestation and lactation)]. PMID- 805416 TI - [Prolactin microadenomas]. PMID- 805417 TI - [ Study of prolactin and blood gonadotropins in amenorrheas-galactorrhea. Dynamic exploation in 13 cases]. AB - A study of the secretion of prolactin and plasma gonadotrophins was carried out comparatively in 3 groups of patients: histologically confirmed prolactin adenoma (group 1), idiopathic or iatrogenic amenorrhoea/galactorrhoea syndrome (group 2), empty sella turcica syndrome (group 3). The last group differs fundamentally from the two previous by the presence of a normal basal LH and FSH levels and normal LH-RH stimulation. Prolactin is not increased. It may be suppressed by L-dopa and stimulated by TRH. There exist no differences, apart from neuroradiological criteria, between the other two groups. The level of LH is slightly decreased but the response to LRH is positive, this effect often being more clear on FSH. Prolactin levels are raised, this no doubt explaining the negative response to TRH and chlorpromazine stimulation. Suppression by L-dopa is positiive, reflecting the absence of autonomy of prolactin adenomata. The water load test is unsatisfactory. There exists at the present time no method sufficiently discriminating to exclude the presence of a tumour at the origin of an amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome. PMID- 805418 TI - Identification and separation of components of calf thymus DNA using a CsC1 netropsin density gradient. AB - Calf thymus DNA containing satellite components of various densities was used as a model to study the effect of netropsin on the density of DNA in a CsCl gradient. The binding of netropsin resulted in a decrease in density which depended upon the quantity of netropsin added and on the average composition of the DNA. Differences in density of DNA components were higher in CsCl - netropsin gradients than in simple CsCl gradients. By use of netropsin a main band and four satellite bands could be differentiated in calf thymus DNA. Satellite DNA's were isolated using preparativeCsCl - netropsin gradient centrifugation and were characterised by density and homogeneity in native and in reassociated state. Two of the satellite components, with densities of 1.722 and 1.714 g/cm minus 3, are probably of homogenous sequence, the other two components of densities 1.709 and 1.705 g/cm minus 3 appear to be heterogeneous. PMID- 805419 TI - Sans everything-and after. PMID- 805420 TI - Nursing care study: an unusual cause of septicaemia in the neonate. PMID- 805421 TI - [Electrophoretic characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes of lactobacilli and determination of their activity]. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes of 10 museum strains of lactobacilli were examined electrophoretically in polyacrylamide gel. With respect to the relative electrophoretic motility and enzymic activity certain differences in the isoenzyme spectra of lactate dehydrogenase can give additional evidence for the identification of lactobacillar species. PMID- 805423 TI - Versatile properties of a nonsaturable, homogeneous transport system in Bacilus subtilis: genetic, kinetic, and affinity labeling studies. AB - The mutliphasic kinetics that characterize the transport of many amino acids into Bacillus subtilis suggests a priori at least two mechanisms: (i) a tilis suggests a prior at least two independent transport processes, or (ii) a single, homogeneous system that might involve a negative cooperative mechanism. The highly specific transport system for L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine in B. subtilis was studied as a case in point. The possible presence of a mixed system of independent transport systems was negated by the rentention of multiphasic kinetics of transport in two types of permease mutants. Furthermore, evaluation of kinetic data obtained during transport under various uptake conditions of pH and temperature, or in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, did not reveal the heterogeneity expected of mechanism (i). These data, taken together with characteristics of substrate specificity and affinity labeling, provide substantial support for a negative cooperative mechanism for L-tyrosine and L phenylalanine transport. PMID- 805422 TI - Localization of RNA from heat-induced polysomes at puff sites in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Heat treatment of D. melanogaster tissue culture cells causes drastic changes in the pattern of protein synthesis and the size distribution of polysomes. Like the heat shock puffs on polytene chromosomes which appear while preexisting puffs regress, heat shock proteins appear on gels while the synthesis of preexisting proteins is sharply reduced, and heat-induced polysomes appear on gradients after preexisting polysomes have disappeared. Most of the poly(adenylic acid) containing RNA isolated from high-temperature polysomes sediments in sucrose gradients and migrates in gels as a rather narrow band. This RNA is of sufficient size to code for one particular protein that is found to account for more than half of the total synthesis at high temperature. The RNA hybridizes in situ mainly at chromosome sub-division 87B, the site of the major heat shock puff. PMID- 805424 TI - Variability of three-dimensional structure in immunoglobulins. AB - A comparison of various variable immunoglobulin domains demonstrates that structural variability parallels the observed frequency of amino-acid substitutions. The similarity of the structural frameworks is in good agreement with the evolutionary relationships of the chains as derived from sequence analysis. PMID- 805425 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by double-stranded RNA and oxidized glutathione: indirect mode of action on polypeptide chain initiation. AB - In the presence of added double-stranded RNA or oxidized glutathione, protein synthesis in heminsupplemented reticulocyte lysates declines abruptly after 8-12 min of incubation at 30 degrees. The kinetics of amino-acid incorporation are very similar to those seen when lysates incorporation are very similar to those seen when lysates are incubated in the absence of added hemin. The inhibitory effects of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are partially overcome by a homogeneous initiation factor, IF-MP, which also stimulates protein synthesis in hemin-deficient lysates. This factor is involved in the binding of Met-tRNAfmet to 40S ribosomal subunits during protein chain initiation. However, neither dsRNA alone nor GSSG alone significantly inhibits formation of [40S subunit-Met-tRNAf] complexes induced in reticulocyte lysates by dsRNA or GSSG involves one or more components present in the lysates but absent from the fractionated in vitro system. Such components may be related to the translational inhibitor that is active in hemin-deficient lysates. PMID- 805426 TI - Histone-histone propinquity by aldehyde fixation of chromatin. AB - Histones have been fixed within the chromatin complex using either formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Evidence is presented which argues that in short time periods formaldehyde fixation leads to the formation of reversible covalent bonds between histone and DNA. On the other hand, fixation of chromatin with glutaraldehyde leads initially to the formation of polymers of F1 histone, and at a later stage of multiple small oligomers of the remaining histones. There oligomers then increase in size until they become too large to detect by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Exclusive formation of histone dimers or tetramers was not observed. The simplest model for histone distribution on DNA which encompasses these observations is one in which histones are organized as a fairly extensive linear overlapping array. PMID- 805427 TI - Metabolites influence control of lysine transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase formation in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutant of E. coli K-12 has been isolated which has only 1-3% of the wild-type lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity [L-lysine:tRNA ligase (AMP forming), EC 6.1.1.6]. Additions of 20 mM L-alanine or 6 mM leucine dipeptides to the culture medium can restore the activity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the mutant strain to the wild type level. Experiments on the in vivo charging of lysine tRNA in the mutant show that in the absence of the metabolites lysine tRNA is charged 15-23%. Upon the addition of 3 mM L-leucyl-L-alanine to the medium the lysyl tRNA synthetase activity increases 25-fold and the in vivo charging of lysine tRNA returns to the wild-type level. Experiments with antibody against lysyl-tRNA synthetase show that the stimulation of lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity by the metabolites is the result of new protein synthesis. PMID- 805428 TI - Variants of a mouse myeloma cell line that synthesize immunoglobulin heavy chains having an altered serotype. AB - Cells of the MPC-11 mouse myeloma cell line, which produces an IgG2b immunoglobulin, were subjected to mutagenesis with Melphalan or with ICR-191, after which they were cloned in soft agar. Approximately 0.5 percent of the clones produced altered heavy chains that: (i) were the same size as or larger than the parent; (ii) no longer recognized by antibody specific for the parent gamma2b subclass; (iv) were recognized by antibody against the Fab (NH2-terminal half) of the parental immunoglobulin, but lacked some of the antigenic determinants of the Fc (COOH-terminal half) of the heavy chain; (v) lacked many of the tryptic/chymotryptic peptides found in the parent; (vi) contained tryptic/chymotryptic peptides that were not present in the parent but were present in an unrelated gamma2a myeloma heavy chain; and (vii) assembled with light chains by a pathway typical of IgG2a myelomas. PMID- 805429 TI - Isolation of a low-molecular-weight serum component antigenically related to an amyloid fibril protein of unknown origin. AB - An amyloid fibril protein of unknown origin from a patient with systemic amyloidosis has been purified to homogeneous charge and size by gel filtration and two step isoelectric focusing. From crude antisera to the initial heterogeneous fibril protein, monospecific antibodies have been obtained by immunoabsorption with the immobilized purified amyloid protein. These antibodies have been used to identify an antigenically related serum component in whole sera of patients with and without amyloidosis. Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in phosphate buffered saline of a patient's whole serum yields a component with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 200,000. Guanidine denaturation of this high-molecular-weight serum component followed by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography in 5 M guanidine affords an antigenically reactive protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 12,500. The antigenic similarity and molecular weight of the latter protein indicates that it could act as the smallest serum precursor of the tissue fibril protein in this group of cases of amyloidosis. PMID- 805430 TI - Highly asymmetric transcription by RNA polymerase containing phage-SP01-induced polypeptides and a new host protein. AB - An RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) has been purified from phage-SP01-infected Bacillus subtilis that copies RNA almost exclusively from the heavy strand of native SP01 DNA, the DNA strand from which "middle" and "late" classes of RNA are copied in vivo. Hybridization competition established that this RNA polymerase termed enzyme A, preferentially synthesizes middle RNA in vitro. Enzyme A contains beta',beta, alpha, and two newly identified host polypeptides, variation of (21,500 daltons) and omega (11,000 daltons). All of these polypeptides are associated with highly purified RNA polymerase from uninfected bacteria. In addition, enzyme A contains phage induced subunits of 26,000, 24,000, and 13,500 daltons. Enzyme A lacks sigma polypeptide, and strand-selective transcription by this enzyme is resistant to anti-sigma antibody. A reconstitution experiment strongly suggests that the host variation of protein is required in addition to a phage-induced subunit(s) (or an unidentified phage-induced modification) for strand-selective transcription of SP01 middle genes in vitro. PMID- 805431 TI - Distribution and metabolism of 3H-2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in rats. AB - Distribution and metabolism of an isomeric polychlorinated biphenyl were determined in rats. Over 70% of a single dose of 3H-2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl was excreted in the feces and another 13% in the urine during a 14-day period. Adipose tissue, blood, skin, and liver were found to contain low levels of the compound. Over 90% of the excreted tritiated compound was found to be metabolized, the major metabolite being identified as 3-OH-2,5,2',5' tetrachlorobiphenyl. All of the unmetabolized 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl was eliminated by the alimentary route. PMID- 805432 TI - Enhancement of neural and thermal vasoconstriction by prostaglandin B1. AB - The vascular effects of prostaglandin B1 (PGB1) were studied during constant-flow perfusion of the canine hindpaw. The effects of PGB1 (50-200 ng/kg/min ia) on systemic and hindpaw perfusion pressures and on responses to local cooling (4 degrees C for 90 sec) and local heating (45 degrees C for 60 sec) were measured in 15 dogs. PGB1 (50-100 ng/kg/min) decreased perfusion pressure without any significant effect on systemic arterial pressure. Higher concentrations of PGB1 (200 ng/kg/min) elevated perfusion pressure to control values. The pressor responses to local cooling were increased from 11 to 32 mmHg while the dilator responses to local heating and nitroglycerin were reduced during infusions of PGB1. PGB1 also enhanced the pressor responses to norepinephrine or tyramine. These findings support the conclusions that (1) low concentrations of prostaglandin B1 enhance neurotransmitter release with minimal effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and (2) these effects are not secondary to increased perfusion pressures or vascular wall stresses since infusions of PGB1 resulted in vasodilation. PMID- 805433 TI - Effect of aminoglutethimide on serum progesterone and estrogen in the pregnant baboon (Papio SP). AB - AG was administered orally twice daily for 1 or 3 days to six baboons whose duration of pregnancy ranged from 31 to 99 days. Serum progesterone levels were reduced to as little as 3.2% of the initial concentration in one animal and to 20% or less in four of the five remaining baboons. Serum estrogen levels were depressed by 50% or more in three of the four animals in which they were measured. However, pregnancy ensued for at least 3 wk after treatment in all animals. The data suggest that peripheral blood levels of sex steroids may not reflect the critical concentration of hormones required at the uteroplacental juncture for the successful pregnancy maintenance. PMID- 805435 TI - Mastocytoma-induced suppression of in vitro antibody formation. AB - Mastocytoma cells in vitro suppressed the immune response of normal syngeneic spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. The immune response of dispersed spleen cells from normal mice in vitro was inhibited by simultaneous incubation with relatively small numbers of mastocytoma cells or a cell-free extract prepared from these cells. Inhibition occurred when diluted cell-free extracts from the mastocytoma cells or as few as 10-4 or 10-5 tumor cells were incubated with 5 million normal splenocytes. The supernatant factor from mastocytoma cells was labile to heating at 56 degrees for 30 min. Detailed examination of the physicochemical properties of the mastocytoma cell extract capable of suppressing immune responses to sheep red cells should be of value. PMID- 805434 TI - Validation of the dual-isotope plasma ratio technique as a measure of cholesterol absoption in Old and New World monkeys. AB - Due to the experimental importance of being able to assess cholesterol absorption during the study of atherogenesis in primates, the plasma isotope ratio technique developed for rats by Zilversmit (7) was tested in New and Old World monkeys and compared with a more cumbersome procedure involving fecal collection and analysis. Although fecal analysis demonstrated an unaccountable loss of the intubated isotope, the comparability of the plasma ratios to absorption calculated by other methods suggest that this techique is probably as reliable as any presently available. The loss of isotope may reflect the absence of dietary cholesterol. PMID- 805436 TI - Excessive thyrotropin concentrations in the circulation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Thyroid funct-on in SHR was compared to that of inbred normotensive Wistar rats from Kyoto, and random bred Wistar rats from the United States. A marked increase in circulating thyrotropin concentration was found in SHR compared to controls. Serum thyroxine and T3 concentrations relative to controls, however, were variable and the concentrations in male and female SHR relative to Kyoto controls did not correspond with each other. No ready explanation for the circulating excess of thyrotropin, with mimimal increase in T4 and T3 concentrations, is available. PMID- 805437 TI - Experimental studies on hematogenously induced renal damage in the rabbit due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Chronic systemic infections of rabbits were established by intravenous inoculation of 4 times 10-8 P. aeruginosa cells in order to study the sequence of events leading to severe kidney damage. Renal lesions were detected by the fifth- to seventh-day postinfection, as were lesions in the liver and lungs. Progressive azotemia led to death by the 12th-16th day. Lesions in the kidneys, lungs and liver were characterized terminally by intense mononuclear cell infiltrates, hemorrhage, and microabscess formation. Mononuclear cells also appeared to be the predominant responsive cell early in infection. There appeared to be no difference in the susceptibility to infection or severity of renal lesions between rabbits with surgically induced unilateral ureteral obstruction and nonobstructed rabbits. PMID- 805438 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on bovine plasma thyroxine levels at 18.5 and 35 C. AB - Six mature nonlactating Holstein cows were subjected to a test procedure of a sham period (saline injection) of 10 days that prededed and followed each 14 day TRH treatment period at 18.5 and 35 degrees. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intramuscular injection of TRH (400D 35 DEGREES. The results indicate that im administration of TRH is effective in elevating plasma thyroxine levels at both 18.5 and 35 degrees, but the response is diminished after 7 days at 18.5 degrees and ineffective in sustaining or elevating plasma thyroxine levels in cattle after 6 days of TRH administration at 35 degrees. PMID- 805439 TI - Excision repair in Tetrahymena: events following refeeding of starved UV irradiated cells. PMID- 805440 TI - The special place of psychotherapy in the treatment of attempted suicide, and the special type of psychotherapy required. Observations derived from the experience of treating by psychotherapy a research series of young married suicide attemptors. PMID- 805442 TI - Consumer acceptance of HMOs. PMID- 805443 TI - Knowledge of patient's method of payment by physicians in a group practice. AB - Physicians generally know how patients pay for their medical care. At the Marshfield Clinic, however, a group practice in Marshfield, Wis., physicians did not know the source of payment for the vast majority of their patients (79.3 percent). Also, even for the approximately one-fifth of the patients whose payment status they reported knowing, the information was incorrect for a small proportion. The patient's age and sex, length of time the physician had provided care, patient's place of employment, reason for patient's visit, and whether the physician was in the medical or surgical department apparently affected the physician's knowledge of the patient's payment status. Twenty-five of the 49 physicians studied reported they knew the payment status of none of their patients about whom they were asked; 24 knew the status of at least one patient. Only one physician in seven, however, reported having this knowledge about all the patients about whom he was asked. Physicians in medicine were more likely than those in surgical sub-specialties to know the patient's payment status. About one physician in five said such knowledge would be helpful for at least one patient; about one in seven said it would be helpful for all patients about whom they were asked. The Marshfield Clinic physicians, who receive salaries, emphasize comprehensive care and increased access to care, rather than maximization of income. The clinic offers medical care to patients in a prepayment health plan while continuing to serve other patients on a fee-for service basis. Arrangements like this may help ease the transition to repayment if health-maintenance organizations become predominant in the delivery of health services in the United States. PMID- 805441 TI - Labor's point of view on HMOs. PMID- 805444 TI - Elements of progressive patient care in the Yale Health Plan HMO. AB - The results of a study of the use of intermediate care beds in the intermediate care facility (ICF) of the Yale Health Plan, a prepaid group practice plan for students and an enrolled non-student population, indicate that the ICF may be a possible model for other health maintenance organizations. The ICF, with 30 beds in active use, is located in the Yale health center. Approximately one-third of the ICF patients would have been admitted to the affiliated short-term general hospital if the ICF did not exist. The plan's medical staff also has the option of transferring patients between the affiliated hospital and the ICF, depending on which institution is most appropriate for the patient's needs. A comparison of the levels of care provided in the ICF with those presented in selected articles from the progressive patient care literature revealed that the ICF is not only providing intermediate care but several other classic elements of progressive patient care -self care, continuing care, minimal care, and partial care. PMID- 805445 TI - Automated health testing in a medical group practice. Effects on physician behavior and economic influences. AB - An automated health testing (AHT) laboratory was introduced into a large medical group practice in January 1970. The impact of AHT was studied by means of a matrix of before and after its introduction and the physicians with high and low volumes of referrals to this service. An epidemiologic data-gathering approach was used to obtain information with minimal interference with normal clinic operation during a 3-year period. Data were obtained from the business office, appointment rosters, AHT laboratory results, and clinic records. AHT was accepted and used more frequently by the general and family practice physicians and internists than by the other physicians in the group practice. After AHT was introduced, the general physicians saw fewer patients but held longer visits, performed more procedures, and ordered fewer tests. On the other hand, the internists saw more patients but held shorter visits, performed more periodic reexaminations, and ordered fewer tests. The study findings indicate that in the short term AHT does not appear to reduce the cost of medical care. However, patients benefited from followup of AHT results; often, this followup resulted in significant newly diagnosed diseases or conditions, treatment, and sometimes surgery. PMID- 805446 TI - Automated multiphasic health testing. Diagnostic and testing results obtained at the Health Evaluation Center. Public Health Service Hospital, Baltimore. AB - The results of automated multiphasic health testing (AMHT) were evaluated with special attention to diagnoses made by physicians and to false positive results, as well as to laboratory test results. The study population consisted of 1,157 patients at the Health Evaluation Center of the Public Health Service Hospital in Baltimore. Although 95 percent of the patients had at least one newly diagnosed disease or condition., the percentage dropped to 78 percent when dental abnormalities were excluded and to 70 percent when dental, vision, and hearing abnormalities were excluded. Abnormal laboratory test results were observed for 98 percent of the patients, and 36 percent had at least one false positive test result. The study results indicated that AMHT is a highly productive method for comprehensive medical testing with a variety of uses other than mass screening. The productive diagnostic yield combined witha high percentage of false positive results dictate the need for careful planning for followup care, strict attention to quality control, and excellent communication between the AMHT center and the practicing physician. PMID- 805447 TI - Antiepileptic medication in chronic care facilities. Results of a review of the medical records of 773 patients in seven nursing homes, Montgomery County, Md. PMID- 805448 TI - Methods for community surveillance of geriatric institutions. PMID- 805449 TI - The management of organizational change in health agencies. PMID- 805450 TI - The clients of an unauthorized program of methadone treatment. AB - The Drug Abuse Administration of the State of Maryland in 1972 established an emergency holding facility in Baltimore. Its purpose was to attract into programs those addicts who had been treated by a private physician in Washington, D.C., until his office had been abruptly closed by the Federal Government for lack of compliance with Federal regulations controlling the use of narcotics. A comprehensive data collection system for the holding program was immediately instituted to produce the information needed for programmatic decision making and to provide quantification and characterization of the population under treatment so that appropriate referral and long-range planning could be rationally undertaken. With data collected through this system, those 408 patients in the holding program from February to May 26, 1972, who reported they had participated in the Washington physician's program were compared with (a) the 925 other persons in the holding program during the same period and (b) the 5,578 other persons who were reported to the Maryland Narcotics Addict Register during fiscal year 1972. In both comparisons, larger percentages of the clients of the unauthorized program than of the other group were white and older. More of the clients of the unauthorized program than the other patients in the holding program were married or had been, had a high school education or more, had received occupational training, and were employed. These differences are similar to those generally found between the clientele of private physicians and the clientele of public clinics. The persons who had traveled to Washington, D.C., to seek care from a private physician seemed to resemble the persons who seek private medical care; the other clients in the holding program seemed more like those who use hospital clinics. PMID- 805451 TI - Comparability of infant death and birth certificates and their influence on infant mortality. A study in Minnesota, 1967-71. PMID- 805452 TI - Effects of a health careers program and family support for a health career on eighth graders' career interest. AB - The separate and combined effects of participation in a health careers program and of parental support for a health career on young people's interest in a health career were examined. Twenty-seven eighth graders participating in a health careers orientation program were matched by sex, race, and parental education with 27 eighth grade nonparticipants, and personal interviews were then conducted with students in both groups. Both program participation and parental support were found to be significantly related to two measures of the students' interest in a health career. One measure was of the students' interest in general health-related careers. When program participation and parental support were each studied with the other factor controlled, it was found that parental support had a greater effect when program participation was absent. An analysis of various participation-support combinations revealed that when neither participation nor parental support was present, the students' interest in a health career was considerably less than if one or both were present. PMID- 805453 TI - Public Health Reports, July 27, 1906: reports of the Surgeon-General, Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. Experimenttal transmission of Rocky Mountain spotted fever by means of the tick. Preliminary note by W.W. King. PMID- 805455 TI - [Hygiene and its current meaning (IV)]. PMID- 805454 TI - HMOs--the view from the program. PMID- 805456 TI - A temperature- and dose rate-dependent model for the kinetics of cellular response to ionizing radiation. PMID- 805457 TI - Radiology of total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 805458 TI - Reflux cholangiography in sphincteroplasty or enterobiliary anastomosis. AB - Reflux cholangiography is an extension of hypotonic duodenography. In patients with abnormal enterobiliary communications, it is a rapid, effective method for demonstrating not only biliary and occasionally pancreatic ducts, but also fistulas, the duodenum, and the papilla of Vater. It is especially useful for preoperative evaluation of strictures for it enhances both the value and success of endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 805459 TI - Rectal diverticula. AB - Eight cases of rectal diverticula are discussed with reference to the etiological, clinical and radiological findings. Males predominated 3:1 and the average number of diverticula in each patient was 2. Diverticulosis of the remaining colon, especially the sigmoid segment, always accompanied rectal diverticula. The average diameter of rectal diverticula was larger than that of the colonic: 2.5 cm vs. 0.5-1.0 cm. Rectal diverticula may be confused with a carcinoma at endoscopy. Surgical treatment becomes necessary if the diverticulum progresses to abscess formation and perforation. PMID- 805460 TI - Low-megavoltage electron-beam therapy of head and facial skin cancer using a versatile polystyrene collimator system. AB - Twenty patients with multiple or recurrent superficial head and facial cancer were treated with low-megavoltage electron-beam therapy, using a readily adaptable polystyrene shield assembly with interchangeable collimators. Patient set-up times were reduced, treatment was simplified, and flexibility of therapy was achieved. Therapeutic response was excellent even in patients with extensive primary or recurrent skin cancer requiring large-field irradiation. PMID- 805461 TI - Sternal changes following mediastinal irradiation for childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Sternal changes following mediastinal irradiation are described in 78 children with Hodgkin's disease. Incidence and severity of changes are correlated with total sternal dose. Megavoltage irradiation, with a nearly equal absorbed dose ratio between bone and soft tissue, and improved depth dose characteristics, has markedly decreased the incidence and severity of bone changes. No moderate or severe changes developed following megavoltage techniques, in contrast to orthovoltage therapy. PMID- 805462 TI - Relative doses to skin and superficial nodes from 10 MV photons as a function of field size and distance from shadow tray. AB - Although low entrance dosea are desirable for cosmetic and tolerance reasons, they may leave the superficial nodes underdosed. Surface dose dependence on area and distance from the shadow tray for 10 MV photons was studied and comparisons made with 60Co and 4 MV energies. The use of 10 MV photons would leave superficial nodes underdosed unless a bolus or supplementary treatment, such as electrons, is used. Treatment planning implications for a mantle field are discussed. PMID- 805464 TI - [A comparative evaluation of lysozyme using diffusion-plate and nephelometric methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 805463 TI - Malfunction of linear accelerator dose monitoring systems. AB - Malfunctions of the dose monitoring systems of two linear accelerators were studied. A variation of plus or minus 2.5% over an air density correction factor range from 1.02 to 1.07 was measured, suggesting that the ionization-type monitor chambers were open to the atmosphere. An average variation of minus 2.0% was present between early morning calibrations and those performed later in the day. Any variation caused by changes in control console temperature was within experimental error. This type of malfunction can lead to errors in delivered doses of 5%. PMID- 805465 TI - Comparison of mycoplasmas isolated from captive wild felines. AB - The mycoplasmas isolated from captive wild felines showed a strong relationship to but were not identical with Mycoplasma felis. Exceptions were M arginini and strain PU, isolated from pumas, which were distinct. PMID- 805466 TI - The influence of systemic immunisation during mammary involution on subsequent antibody production in the mammary gland. AB - The primary purpose of the experiments reported in this paper was to determine whether a powerful systemic antigenic stimulus, given at the time of mammary involution, would affect the level of specific antibody in milk secreted during the ensuing lactation. The results showed that a single systemic administration of antigen with adjuvant, during mammary involution, is an efficient means of inducing high titres of specific antibody in milk in the subsequent lactation. Furthermore, such antibody belongs mainly to the IgA and IgM classes of immunoglobulin. These results suggest that the antibody is produced locally in the mammary gland by sensitised cells of the lymphocyte-plasma cell series, which infiltrate the tissue during the early stages of mammary involution and then become sessile. PMID- 805468 TI - How to counsel patients on cortisone. PMID- 805469 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 805467 TI - Antibody responses to neonatal immunisation in calves. AB - Antibody responses were measured in colostrum-fed (CF) and colostrum-deprived (CD) calves immunised at ages varying from birth to four months using a variety of antigens with and without adjuvant. In addition immunoglobulin production in CD calves over the same period was compared with that of CF calves. A marked unresponsiveness to antigens injected at birth was observed if maternal antibody specific for the antigen used was present in the circulation. However, significant responses to all antigens tested occurred in CD calves and also in CF calves immunised with an antigen (egg albumin) to which there was no maternal antibody. Since these responses were not as great as those in older calves immunised similarly it is clear that age was influencing the response. It was also found that subsequent responsiveness was not significantly enhanced or impaired by neonatal exposure to antigen. With respect to immunoglobulin production the results conclusively demonstrated that endogenous production occurred much earlier in CD calves than CF calves and even after 128 days the serum concentrations of IgG1 and IgA in CD calves exceeded those for CF calves. Thus it appears that the most important consideration in immunological responsiveness of neonates is not so much immaturity of the lymphoid system as the effects of maternal antibody on the cells in that system. PMID- 805470 TI - Diagnosis of scabies. AB - Mineral oil scrapings from an infant with a persistent, puzzling, generalized eruption revealed the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. Various diagnostic technics and treatment for scabies are discussed. PMID- 805471 TI - Meningococcal arthritis simulating gonococcemia. AB - A 19-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of fever, sore thoart, and leg pain. He gave a history of recent sexual activity and was found to have an exudative pharyngitis, two pustular skin lesions, and a hot, swollen left knee. Laboratory studies were consistent with an acute septic arthritis and the diagnosis of the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome was entertained. He responded to high doses of penicillin, and Neisseria meningitidis, group B, subsequently was cultured from the blood and pharynx. The same organism was isolated from the throats of three of 11 asymptomatic contacts. PMID- 805472 TI - Interstitial lung disease in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 805473 TI - Interaction of the ectomesenchyme and optic vesicle in mice. AB - We investigated eye development in embryos at the 17, 24, and 31 somite-pair stages homozygous for the two genes white (Mi-wh) and fidget (fi) (Mi-wh/Mi whfi/fi), single homozygotes (fi/fi and Mi-wh/Mi-wh), and normal mice (the inbred C57 BL/Mib strain). The fi gene retards optic-vesicle growth, while the Mi-wh gene inhibits ectomesenchyme migration. It was shown that the mitotic index of the optic-vesicle wall and the retinal rudiment was considerably higher in Mi wh/Mi-whfi/fi embryos than in fi/fi embryos and lower than in Mi-wh/Mi-wh and +/+ embryos. Ectomesenchyme affected by the white gene stimulated optic-vesicle growth, to some extent suppressing the effect of the fidget gene. The stimulation of optic-vesicle growth in the double homozygotes led to intensified induction of the lens placode. This indicates that the ectomesenchyme affects the optic rudiment at the optic-vesicle stage. PMID- 805474 TI - Pathology of the spleen in hematologic disease. PMID- 805475 TI - Ten year follow-up results of patients with carcinoma of the breast in a co operative clinical trial evaluating surgical adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - In 1958, a co-operative clinical trial, involving 23 institutions, was begun to evaluate the efficacy of a short course of triethylenethiophosphoramide as an adjuvant to radical mastectomy in the treatment of patients with primary carcinoma of the breast. Of 826 women prospectively randomized so that they received either a placebo or triethylenethiophosphoramide, 99.3 per cent were available for five years of follow-up study, and 95.3 per cent have been observed for ten or more years. Results have indicated the inadequacy of standard operative therapy in effecting a permanent tumor-free state in a majority of patients. Particularly distressing was the finding that 76 per cent of all patients with positive axillary nodes--65 per cent with one to three and 86 per cent of those with more than or equal to four positive--demonstrated a treatment failure by ten years and that only 24.9 per cent survived. The survival rate of those with one to three positive nodes was 37.5 per cent and only 13.4 per cent if more than or equal to four nodes contained tumor. Also disturbing was the observation that one of four patients with negative axillary nodes displayed a treatment failure by ten years. Such findings mandate the urgency for immediate evaluation of available systemic therapeutic agents postoperatively. That systemic chemotherapy can enhance the disease-free state as well as survival rate of at least some patients with carcinoma of the breast is supported by the finding that the original observation at 18 months indicating an advantage for premenopausal women with more than or equal to four positive nodes who received triethylenethiophosphoramide persisted for as long as ten years. At that time, 21 per cent fewer patients in the triethylenethiophosphoramide group had treatment failures and 21 per cent more survived, an indication that the initial delay in treatment failure was reflected in patient survival rate. Data suggesting that the limited chemotherapy used was more effective in patients having smaller tumors are in keeping with the concept that adjuvant therapy is likely to be most effective in a host with minimal residual tumor burden. Of importance was the observation that 80 per cent of treatment failures occurring in ten years were apparent by five years of observation. Strikingly, 86 per cent of ten year treatment failures in patients with positive nodes occurred by five years. In patients with more than or equal to four positive nodes, this was so in 92 per cent of the instances. Such findings tend to discredit the claim that the worth of an alternative treatment for carcinoma of the breast can be ascertained only by a period of observation much longer than five years. PMID- 805476 TI - The fate of human umbilical cord vessels used as interposition arterial grafts in the baboon. PMID- 805479 TI - Changes in kinetic characteristics of sheep liver microsomes following induction and dietary stress. PMID- 805480 TI - Chloral hydrate and meperidine: response and metabolism in squirrel and rehsus monkeys. PMID- 805478 TI - [Disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal) in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 805477 TI - Xenotransplantation of piscine islets into hyperglycemic rats. AB - Xenotransplantation of piscine islets into hyperglycemic rats usually lowers the blood sugar level of the recipient. The duration of this effect is prolonged by irradiation of the host or by enclosing donor tissue in synthetic envelopes. This prolongation appears to be related to interference with the host's ability to reject the graft; the duration of the prolongation may be limited by the host tissue reaction surrounding the envelope. The availability of anatomically separate piscine islet tissue makes it potentially useful for xenotransplantation into mammals. PMID- 805484 TI - Antibodies to part of the Rho antigen complex occurring in two women with Rho variants. AB - Two women with Rho variants are reported. Both had received transfusions and had anti-Rh antibodies. One was found to have anti-Rh-ACD and anti-Jk-a and represents a phenotype not reported previously. The other was the mother of a child with a mild hemolytic disease caused by anti-Rh-CD. Family studies of both patients showed transmission of Rh-cd but not Rh-acd. Emphasis is placed on transfusing Rho negative blood to Rho variants lacking any or all of factors Rh A, Rh-B, Rh-C and Rh-D. PMID- 805483 TI - Multiple differences in red cell antigens and isoimmunization. AB - Data available for 175 families with maternal isoimmunization to red blood cell antigens, exclusive of A, B, and Rho, were analyzed for interaction of unrelated antigens. In 153 families the mother developed antibodies for single antigens, distributed among seven blood group systems; rare, high frequency antigens; and unclassified antigens. The immunizing fetal red blood cells ABO-incompatible with the mother in less than 5 per cent of instances, a finding attesting to the impact of ABO incompatibility on immunogenicity of most red blood cell antigens. No evidence was found for interference with immunization to one particular red blood cell antigen by simultaneous differences in unrelated antigens. Maternal immunization to more than one red blood cell antigen, encountered in 22 families, was associated in 13 instances with preceding blood transfusion to the mother and/or pregnancies in which fetal red blood cells contained only one of the immunizing antigens. In six of the remaining nine instances of multiple isoimmunization, Kidd antibodies were involved. Preceding immunization to a variety of red blood cell antigens was noted to interfere with immunization to potent immunogens: Rho (nine instances of complete, and one instance of partial, suppression), hr' (eight instances of suppression), and K (two instances of suppression). A mechanism, designated as "diversion of antigen", was proposed in order to explain the phenomena observed in human isoimmunization as well as in animal models in which preceding immunization to one red blood cell antigen affects immune responses to red blood cells carrying the immunizing and additional antigens. PMID- 805485 TI - Staged treatment of invasive carcinoma of bladder. AB - A three-stage approach to carcinoma of the bladder consists of preliminary urinary diversion, radiation therapy, and simple total cystectomy. We have used this method for more than ten years. The survival rates are the same as generally published, and the morbidity and mortality contrast favorably with other reports. To date no patient has died within two months of completion of the course of therapy. PMID- 805486 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach similar to that of bone: light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 805487 TI - Morphological and clinical features of renal amyloidosis. AB - The morphological and clinical findings in 122 patients with renal amyloidosis proved by renal biopsy were studied. A higher incidence of amyloidosis occurred in males than females. Coexisting disorders in addition to amyloidosis were present in 80% of the patients. The nephrotic syndrome was a main clinical feature. No significant differences were observed in the manifestations of amyloid renal disease among patients with primary and secondary amyloidosis. Amyloid deposition was present in the mesangium and along the basement membrane. The glomerular basement membrane was damaged by the accumulation of amyloid. The amounts of amyloid in the glomeruli correlated roughly with the clinical manifestations of the disease. The formation of new basement membrane-like substance and the occurrence of granulomatous reaction against amyloid deposits were discussed in relation to the course of hte disease. PMID- 805489 TI - Inverted urinary papilloma: report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - Five new cases of inverted urinary papilloma are described and 13 previously reported cased are reviewed. All 18 examples were seen in adult males, with ages ranging from 26 to 79 years (average 57 years). Ten patients presented with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction and 8 with haematuria. With one probable exception all of the tumours were solitary. Sixteen were found in the region of the bladder neck and prostatic urethra, and only 2 occurred on other sites. The papillomas were pedunculated or sessile and ranged in size from a few mms to 3 cms in greatest diameter. Most had smooth surfaces in contrast to the usual exophytic papillary urothelial neoplasms. Microscopically they showed a striking resemblance to the inverted papillomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In those examples where the stalk or base of the papilloma was included in the sections, there was no evidence of invasion of the underlying smooth muscle. Fourteen of the patients have been followed for periods ranging from 7 months to 11 years (average 2.5 years) and no recurrences have been documented. Simple local resection, by the transurethral route where possible, appears to be adequate treatment for these distinctive papillomas. PMID- 805488 TI - Light and electron microscopic examinations of experimentally produced heart muscle necroses following normobaric hyperoxia. AB - Heart muscle necroses following normobaric hyperoxia as examined under a light microscope occur after 40 hours exposure in the rabbit and increase in intensity with prolongation of the exposition time. Simultaneous arterial blood gas analysis excludes a hypoxemis as the cause, In addition electron microscopic examination of the necroses demonstrate the primary changes in the myofibrils but not in the mitochondria. The ultramorphological picture is however, quite similar to the myocardial necroses after epinephrine application in the rabbit. A pathogenetic relationship between heart muscle necroses after normobaric hyperoxia and after epinephrine should be considered. PMID- 805490 TI - A radiographic analysis on human lumbar vertebrae in the aged. AB - Radiographic analysis was made on human lumbar vertebrae (1st to 3rd) from 101 autopsy cases (54 males, 47 females) without primary and secondary osteopathy. The materials consisted with 11 control cases (28-59yr) and 90 cases of the aged subjects (60-92yr). The aged subjects were divided into four groups by decades. One vertebral body was removed from the column and three bone specimens, one mid sagittal (Plane A) and two mid-horizontal (plane BL and BR) sections, of about 10 mm in thickness were prepared by a hand saw. Contact radiographs taken on films by a radiographic apparatus were analyzed. Radiographic images of Plane A in control showed a typical checker pattern consisting of vertical and horizontal trabeculae within a rim of a transversely elongated square. Planes B showed a uniform ring pattern of about 1.0 to 1.3 mm in diameter within a semi-circular dense cortical margin. The trabecular image of the male was somewhat denser and wider than those of the female. Radiographically the aged vertebrae were classified into four types. Type I wass a trabecular pattern indistinguishable from that of the control. Type IV was the most advanced from of vertebral atrophy. Type II and III were intermediate forms between previous two types. Early trabecular atrophy, which was characterized by slight decrease in trabecular density in Plane A and widened ring pattern in Planes B, was seen in Type II. In type TTT, these features were further exaggerated. Horizontal trabeculae in Plane A became indiscernible and the ring pattern in Planes B widened more significantly. In Type IV, the typical trabecular pattern was no longer seen... PMID- 805491 TI - [The karyogram of normal and of fatty livers in man (author's transl)]. AB - The karyomgrams of normal human livers (50 biopsides from patients of varied age) and of fatty livers (350 biopsies from patients with diabetes, alcoholism, and fatty cirrhosis) were investigated. The nuclear diameters were measured with an analyzer of particle size--the "TGZ-3 Zeiss"--, the cut surface of the nuclei was determined and the nuclei categorized accordingly. 1. The normal liver in each age group is characterized by a well-defined nuclear pattern that is specific for this organ. In the 3rd decade nuclei of the main class predominate. In later decades 2 classes of large nuclei gradually appear and reach their mximum after the 50th year. In the 7th decade a reduction of the cut nuclear surface takes place in all the categoreis, presumably determined by a reduction of function. 2. The increase in the number of large nuclei is explained by abortive karyokineses which in the course of the normal turnover of cells ("Zellmauserung"), increasingly replace normal mitoses. This is This is attributed to disturbances of the achromatic apparatus that occur with increasing age. 3. Alcoholic, and even more so diabetic, fatty change leads to the formation of particularly large nuclei. This appears to depend on the volume of the individual fat droplet within the individual cell rather than on the degree of fatty change of the whole liver. 4... PMID- 805492 TI - Structural changes of cortical bone in secondary hyperparathyroidism: replacement of lamellar bone by woven bone. AB - In femoral cortical bone of 16 uremic patients with long standing renal insufficiency an increased fraction of woven bone was found both in Haversian and in interstitial bone. Either partly resorbed Haversian systems were replaced by non lamellar woven bone or single Haversian systems showed partly well organized lamellar bone and partly disorganized non lamellar texture without signs of antecedent resorption. The replacement of lamellar bone by woven bone was measured morphometrically in undecalcified ground sections. Woven bone was defined by its lack of structural birefringence under polarized light. In advanced cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism more than 60% of cortical bone were composed of woven bone. The substitution of immature less organized woven bone for mature well orfanized lamellar bone has important implications for the biomechanical properties of the skeleton. PMID- 805493 TI - Physiochemical and serological properties of a virus from saguaro cactus. PMID- 805494 TI - Electron microscopic study of the infection of Anacystis nidulans by the cyanophage AS-1. PMID- 805495 TI - [Antigens associated with human breast carcinoma]. PMID- 805496 TI - [A tissue specific antigen in rats with malignancies in vitro]. AB - By means of a semiquantitative antigenic analysis in the reaction of precipitation in agar with the use of a monospecific serum, obtained by the authors, dynamical changes have been studied in the content of the tissue specific antigen in cells of subcutaneous connective tissue in rats: in the original and tripsinzed tissues, in 3, 6, 16-day and 1--2--3 month and malignized cultures, as well. It was found that at the 3, 11--13 day and then in 2--3 months of explantation there was a decrease in the content of the tissue-specific antigen, that is positively correlated with the degree of cell differentiation. PMID- 805497 TI - [The relationship between stomach tumor development in mice and DMBA distribution]. AB - The character of blastomogenic action of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on the stomach in its parenteral administration was studied on different lines of mice. Under the same conditions DMBA distribution was investigated in the proventriculus and gastric glandular tissues. In DMBA application on mice skin oin the dosage of 0.05 mg per animal in 0.1 ml of acetone proventricular tumors developed in 34% of mice of line CC57Br, in 10% of mice of line CC57W, and in 11% of mice of line C3HA, and in 19% of white nonpedigree mice. In intraperitoneal injection of DMBA in the dose of 0.5 mg per mouse in 0.2 ml of saline solution proventricular tumors appeared in 56% of CC57Br mice (in 9 of 16) and in one of five mice of CC57W line. Whereas, in application of DMBA onto mice skin in the dose of 0.5 mg per mouse in 0.1 ml of acetone the DMBA content in the proventriculus was 13 times higher than that in gastric glandular tissues. PMID- 805498 TI - [Ovarian tumors in publications in the USSR during 1970-1972]. PMID- 805500 TI - Patient responses and problems associated with tube feeding. PMID- 805501 TI - Ecology and conrol of vectors in public health. Twenty-first Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Insecticides. PMID- 805499 TI - [Combination chemotherapy of tumors (an experimental study)]. AB - Based on characteristic features of the toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, these were selected for chemotherapy of experimental tumors. The reliable results were obtained in three variants of combinations. 1) A combined administration of drugs active with respect to one and the same tumor but which toxic effect do not coincide. 2) Simultaneous administration of two drugs in doses tolerable for gaining a therapeutic effect, obtained in their separate use in massive doses, but with a less toxic damage to the body. 3) A combination of substances possessing a selective toxic action on the tissue bearing the tumor under treatment. PMID- 805502 TI - Organization of mental health services in developing countries. Sixteenth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Mental Health. PMID- 805503 TI - The Rh factor. PMID- 805504 TI - Human vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 805505 TI - Electron microscope studies of cyst stages of Sarcocystis tenella: the origin of micronemes and rhoptries. AB - The origin and the development of the micronemes and rhoptries was investigated at the ultrastructural level in cyst stages of Sarcocystis tenella. During endodyogeny the micronemes appear in small vesicles distributed at the periphery of two large granular vacuoles in each daughter cell. Later, these vacuoles were divided into numerous vesicular spiral formation-centers, producing micronemes at the apical pole of young merozoites. Rhoptries were observed to originate from desnifications with in the same large vacuoles which gave rise to the micronemes. PMID- 805507 TI - [A third (median) eye in a higher vertebrate (Bos taurus L.)]. PMID- 805506 TI - The effect of 3, 6, bis-dimethylaminoacridine on cultured bovine lymphoid cells infected with Theileria parva and in cattle experimentally infected with East Coast fever. PMID- 805508 TI - Two-century perspective of some major nutritional deficiency diseases in childhood. AB - In this review, dealing with historical aspects and the present day situation in developing countries, three major nutritional deficiencies among children are discussed, namely rickets, iron deficiency anaemia and protein energy malnutrition (PEM). PMID- 805509 TI - Epidemiological markers for pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A non-lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained its phage sensitivity pattern and serogroup specificity unchanged for 10 weeks in ex-germfree, mono contaminated rats before infection with phage. After infection with phage, phage conversions of serogroup specificity and lysotype were observed. With the same combination of bacterial and phage strains, the same serogroup was obtained in vitro and in vivo. In vitro conversion occurred also to serogroups that were not detected in vivo. Upon lyophilization, converted bacterial clones from the in vivo experiment lost their phage and simultaneously reverted to the original phage type and serogroup. These findings may have implications for the understanding of the degree of stability in epidemiological typing results for P. aeruginosa. PMID- 805510 TI - The mechanism of action of psychopharmacological agents on behaviour. PMID- 805511 TI - [Alpha chain disease. II. Immunochemical diagnosis]. PMID- 805513 TI - Spontaneous mutation in man. PMID- 805515 TI - Sexual activity and the postmyocardial infarction patient. PMID- 805514 TI - [Deendence of intraocular pressure on blood pressure, circulatory volume, and resistance to flow (clinical and experimental animal studies]. PMID- 805512 TI - The chondrodystrophies. PMID- 805516 TI - An evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of one commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation. AB - The inhalation toxicity of a commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation containing 12% subtilisin Carlsberg was studied in experimental animals. Guinea pigs that had been pretreated by a series of intradermal injections of the enzyme preparation in saline solution died as a result of a single 6-hour exposure to the enzyme preparation at an air concentraion of 41.2 mg/m-3, while normal guinea pigs and pretreated guinea pigs that were dosed with an antihistamine immediately prior to exposure survived. The 6-hour LC50 for pretreated guinea pigs was determined as 24.7 mg/m-3. Normal rats, normal rabbits, and pretreated rabbits survived exposures to the enzyme preparation at concentrations as high as 36.8 mg/m-3. Pathologic examinations revealed changes only in the lungs of the exposed animals. These pulmonary alterations appear to be reversible. A histamine release is suggested as the primary effect of a secondary exposure to this proteolytic enzyme preparation. PMID- 805517 TI - Tissue valves. AB - The search for an ideal replacement for diseased intracardiac valves has resulted in the use of many tissue valves, including homografts, heterografts and valves of autologous and heterologous fascia lata and of pericardium. Operative mortality in experienced hands has been comparable to that of other operations using prosthetic valves. Sterilization and preservation techniques probably render the graft nonviable in all instances. Although early function has been satisfactory, late deterioration of leaflet tissue has led to valve failure in a high percentage of cases. At present, glutaraldehyde-prepared heterografts and fresh antibiotic-sterilized homografts appear to have the longest durability of the various tissue grafts used for valve replacement. The primary advantage of tissue valves has been the essential elimination of thromboembolic complications, and the primary problems have been infectious endocarditis and late graft deterioration. PMID- 805518 TI - Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. II. Absorption of folic acid from fortified staple foods. AB - The absorption of folic acid from maize, rice and bread fortified with pteroylglutamic acid was compared with that of an aqueous solution of pteroylglutamic acid in the same subjects. Feeding fortified maize and rice produced similar increments in folic acid concentration, which were approximately half those observed with the pteroylglutamic acid solution. Fortified bread produced a lower increment. Pteroylglutamic acid was found to resist destruction by boiling and baking at temperatures and times used for the conventional preparation of such foods. However, baking for longer periods resulted in a loss of folic acid activity. It is concluded that fortification of staple foods with folic acid may offer a practical adjunct to nutritional programs designed to improve the intake of essential nutrients. PMID- 805519 TI - Evaluation of amino acid infusions as protein-sparing agents in normal adult subjects. AB - Blackburn et al. (1, 2) reported nitrogen equilibrium and/or positive balance in surgical patients maintained on a 3% amino acid solution at a level of 1 g/kg body weight per day. We have measured nitrogen balance and fat mobilization in six normal adult volunteers durig the infusion of two compositionally different amino acid solutions at 1 g/kg body weight per day, and compared these to values noted during isocaloric infusion of glucose solutions. Nitrogen balance was negative during all infusion periods, but was significantly less negative (P smaller than 0.01) during amino acid infusion periods (--5.8 plus or minus 1.1 g/day) than during glucose infusion (--9.8 plus or minus 1.8 g/day). No significant differences in nitrogen balance were noted between amino acid infusion periods, despite compositional differences in solutions. Elevated plasma levels of free fatty acids (0.71 plus or minus 0.37 mM) and ketone bodies (1.3 plus or minus 0.3 mM) observed during amino acid infusion periods reflected the availability of body lipids as energy substrate. The disparity between our results and those reported by Blackburn et al. (1, 2) may in part reflect the previous nutritional debilitation of the surgical subjects studied by these investigators. PMID- 805520 TI - Increased disaccharidase activity in human diabetics. AB - Disaccharidase activity has been shown to be increased in human diabetics. Diabetics controlled on diet therapy showed no change in disaccharidase activity while two diabetics controlled on insulin or insulin-producing drug, glibenclamide, showed a fall in disaccharidase values toward normal. Possible causes for the increased disaccharidase activity in diabetes are discussed. PMID- 805521 TI - Introductory remarks: nutrient, hormone, enzyme interactions. AB - Homeostasis of the internal environment in mammals is accomplished by a series of feedback mechanisms in a variety of tissues. Homeostasis of cell structure and function during marked changes in the environment is equally important. Both types of homeostasis are dependent on adjustments in endocrine function and changes in enzyme activity. In some instances the intracellular servomechanisms required for homeostasis match in vigor and range the perturbations of the external environment. The regulation of cell metabolism is accomplished by enzymatic, membranous and genetic mechanisms. Most peptide hormones act by combining with a specific receptor in the membrane of sensitive cells, which activates adenyl cyclase to produce cyclic AMP which in turn has selective second messenger functions. Insulin and somatotropin appear to be exceptions and may act via cyclic GMP. Steroid hormones, on the other hand, pass through the cell membrane and combine with a specific receptor protein in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells. This receptor then serves as a transport system for movement of the hormone to the nucleus where it stimulates specific protein synthesis. Nutritional effects on enzyme synthesis are partially direct and partially mediated by the endocrine system. Trace nutrients, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, appear to act directly to modify specific protein syntheses, whereas the bulkier constituents of the diet (carbohydrate, fat protein) exert their effects principally through altered rates of secretion of insulin, glucagon, and the glucocortioids. Protein-calorie malnutrition is the result of a massive assault on homeostatic and adaptive mechanisms designed to conserve nutrients and preserve life. The pathogenesis of marasmus and kwashiorkor is discussed in the light of these adaptive mechanisms. PMID- 805522 TI - The early history of vitamin K. PMID- 805523 TI - Arm circumference in the surveillance of protein-calorie malnutrition in Baghdad. AB - A comparison is made between the percentage of Boston weight for age standards and the percentages of mid-upper arm for age standards of 777 Baghdad children aged 3-72 months. They showed a significantly high correlation of 0.92 (P smaller than 0.001). The percentage wieght for age could be predicted from percentage arm for age standard within plus or minus 16%. A constant midpoint arm circumference standard of 16.5 cm was suggested for use in children aged 13-72 months, when precise ages are unknown. This seems to work as well as the age specific arm standard in this age group, and is age independent. The constant arm standard is probably as satisfactory as that of weight for age, and has many practical advantages, especially under field conditions, when precise ages of children are unknown. PMID- 805524 TI - Thoracic coarctation associated with neurofibromatosis. AB - A child with neurofibromatosis and hypertension also demonstrated renal artery stenosis, the most common cause of hypertension in children with neurofibromatosis; abdominal coarctation, which has previously been described; and thoracic coarctation, which to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. Rib notching may appear in patients with uncomplicated nueorfibromatosis, but the possibility of associated thoracic coarctation must also be considered in these patients. PMID- 805525 TI - Permanent panhypopituitarism associated with maternal deprivation. AB - A 15-year-old boy with a history of maternal deprivation since age 2 years had severe growth retardation and panhypopituitarism. After one year in an appropriate foster home, there were no changes in his growth rate and pituitary function. This appears to be a case in which panhypopituitarism, probably secondary to maternal deprivation, was not corrected after placement in an appropriate environment. The normal increase in the concentration of serum thyroid stimulating hormone after the administration of protirelin (Thypinone) suggested that the primary abnormality was in the hypothalamic centers controlling the release of the pituitary hormones. Knowledge of the possibility of permanent panhypopituitarism secondary to maternal deprivation might encourage careful follow-up of these patients after placement. PMID- 805526 TI - Morbidity associated with prolonged use of polyvinyl feeding tubes. AB - In two newborn infants, morbidity was associated with long-term use of polyvinyl chloride feeding tubes. In one case, a hard, sharp catheter was thought to be responsible for peritonitis. In other, the polyvinyl tube hardened into a coil that could only be extricated by introduction of an intraluminal guide wire and prolonged manipulation under fluoroscopic control. The rigidity acquired by these tubes is thought to present serious potential for morbidity and mortality. Methods and materials appropriate for short-term alimentation should no be presumed appropriate for long-term use, and alternatives should be considered. PMID- 805527 TI - Placental function and malnutrition. PMID- 805528 TI - Letter: Cirrhosis and death after jejunoileal shunt. PMID- 805529 TI - Alterations in normal esophageal motility in patients with Chagas' disease. AB - Eight adult patients with visceral Chagas' disease were studied twice within an interval of 64 months. In each case the esophagus was evaluated radiologically and manometrically. None of the patients had esophageal symptoms and no significant change in resting gastroesophageal sphincter pressure was observed during the study. However in 3 patients incomplete sphincteric relaxation was noted. Normal progressive contractions did not change. The importance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 805530 TI - Immunoglobulin characterization of human pancreatic fluid. AB - Human pancreatic fluid obtained from 2 subjects, each with a traumatic pancreatic fistula, contained detectable levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IdD, and IgE. Although the mean IgG/IgA ratio for 10 random specimens was 1.63, the relative concentration was estimated to be less than unity when extreme values were eliminated. The molecular weight of IgA in pancreatic fluid was found to be comparable to that of the IgA molecule in serum. The absence of secretory component in pancreatic IgA provides further evidence that pancreatic IgA and serum IgA are similar. Serial determinations of the immunoglobulins stored at 4 degrees C showed a progressive decrease of all immunoglobulins, the order of stability being IgG approximately equal to IgA larger than IgM approximately equal to IgD. The demonstrated proteolytic activity in the specimens could account for the immunoglobulin decay and for the variable detection of IgM and IgD in pancreatic-fluid specimens. PMID- 805531 TI - New concepts in the pathogenesis of acute gastric dilatation. PMID- 805532 TI - Letter: Frenquency of filter changes in the administration of TPN solutions. PMID- 805533 TI - Consequences of microbial contamination during extended intravenous therapy using inline filters. AB - A study was conducted to determine: (1) the effectiveness of 0.22-mum and 0.45 mum pore size membrane filters in retaining microorganisms over a period of 72 hours of intravenous fluid administration; (2) the growth and multiplication characteristics of microorganisms retained on the filter; and (3) the possibility of pyrogens being released by microorganisms trapped on the filter. Lactated Ringer's injection was used as the i.v. solution. The 0.45-mum filter was found to be effective in retaining all microorganisms studied for at least 6 hours. However, Esherichia coli and Pseudomomas aeruginosa began passing through the 0.45-mum filter between 6 and 8 hours after seeding. All other microorganisms (Candida albicans, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphyloccus aureus) were retained for at least 72 hours. None of the microorganisms passed through the 0.22-mum filter during the 72-hour study period. With viable microorganisms on the filter for 72 hours, no detectable endotoxins or pyrogens were found in the filtrates as examined by the limulus and rabbit tests. PMID- 805534 TI - Effect of antibiotics and osmotic change on the release of endotoxin by bacteria retained on intravenous inline filters. AB - A study was conducted on the effects of two antibiotics (gentamicin and carbenicillin) and of a sudden change from an isotonic to a hypotonic solution on the release of endotoxin by three gram-negative bacteria(Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) growing on a 0.22-mum pore size membrane filter. During a 72-hour constant flow of sterile lactated Ringers's solution through the contaminated filters, no endotoxin was released into the filtrates as tested by the coagulation of Limulus amebocyte lysate. However, flushing the filters with carbenicillin or gentamicin killed the bacteria and caused the release of endotoxin into the filtrates. A sudden osmotic change (flushing the filter with water) did not kill the bacteria nor cause the release of endotoxin into the filtrate. PMID- 805536 TI - Listeroisis in immunosuppressed patients. A cluster of eight cases. AB - Bactermia due to listeria monocytogenes developed in eight patients who were receiving immunosuppresive medications during a 15 month period at one hospital. Seven survived. Meningitis was documented in only the four who received kidney transplants. Their neurologic signs were minimal, indicating a need to treat any immunosuppressed patient with Listeria bacteremia for meningitis. During this period the incidence of Listeria bactermia in immunosuppressed patients greatly exceeded that previously observed in this hospital or reported elsewhere, but the incidence of infection with other opportunistic agents was not increased. As with previously decreased listeria outbreaks in nonimmunosuppressed patients, no source or mechanism of spread could be identified. Thus, disease due to L. monocytogenes may occur focally among immunosuppressed populations, a pattern which also appears to be emerging for other opportunistic agents. A patient's exposure to different opportunistic agents may be as important as the kind of immunosuppressive therapy he recieves in determining which opportunistic infection he will acquire or even whether any infection will occur. PMID- 805535 TI - Use of a Pseudomonas Aeruginosa vaccine in pateints with acute leukemia and cystic fibrosis. AB - A heptavalent lipopolysaccharide Pseudomonas vaccine was evaluated in 22 patients with acute leukemia and 12 patients with cystic fibrosis during an 18 month interval at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Of the 34 patients, 32 had an excellent serum hemagglutinating (HA) antibody response to immunization. In comparison to the patients with cystic fibrosis, the patients with leukemia had a smaller HA antibody response, which lasted a shorter period of time, and also experienced greater toxicity from the vaccine. The mixing of adrenal corticosteroids with vaccine greatly decreased side reactions among the patients with leukemia without significantly inhibiting antibody production. Previous antineoplastic chemotherapy had little influence on antibody response in patients with leukemia, with the exception of methortrexate. Vaccinated patients with leukemia had 1 Pseudomonas infection of 14 bacterial or fungal infections, whereas 2 pseudomonas infections of 5 bacterial or fungal infections occurred in a control group of 20 patients with acute leukemia. Of the 12 patients with cystic fibrosis, 4 had a Pseudomonas infection after vaccination. PMID- 805538 TI - Comparison of the germicidal activity of prepodyne and betadine surgical scrub solutions. AB - Two iodophoric surgical scrubs soaps, Prepodyne and Betadine, were evaluated for bacteriocidal activity in a modified phenol coefficient test. A standard inoculum of each of 18 species of microorganisms was mixed with a 1:8 dilution of each iodophor and subcultured after one, three, and five minutes of exposure. Complete cidal activty was exhibited by both Prepodyne and Betadine. Twenty-five subjects were tested in hand washing experiments using Betadine and Prepodyne surgical scrub solutions. Quantitative fingerprint cultures were obtained before and after hand washing. Betadine resulted in an 85.2 per cent plus or minus 24 per cent decrease; Prepodyne, and 83.6 per cent plus or minus 21 per cent decrease. It can'be concluded from this data that there is no difference in bacteriocidal effectiveness between the two scrub soaps. PMID- 805539 TI - AeiB: A family study. AB - This reports the first example of Aei in conjunction with an apparently normal B antigen. Fortunately family studies clearly outlined the genetic transmission. PMID- 805537 TI - The determination of serum immunoglobulins by automated nephelometric analysis. AB - We have evaluated the Technicon Automated Immunopreciptin System for the determination of immunoglobulins G, A and M in human serum. The new method is based on the nephelometric measurement of complexes formed during the antigen antibody reaction. In this paper, we review the principles of nephelometry and describe its application to the measurement of antigen-antibody complexes. We have found the nephelometric method to be reliable for routine clinical use. The new method gives immunoglobulin test results which are highly reproducible, and agree well with the results determined by a radial immunodiffusion method. PMID- 805540 TI - In retrospect: some pride and more folly. PMID- 805542 TI - Study of a kindred with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency and oligomenorrhea. AB - The finding of a low total thyroxine level in an oligomenorrheic woman uncovered a new family with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency and oligomenorrhea. Thirteen of 17 family members had the deficiency of thyroxine-binding globulin, with heterozygous female subjects showing overlap of levels with normal subjects. Oligomenorrhea was frequently found but segregated separately from the thyroxine binding globulin deficiency; of seven women with low levels, three had normal monthly menstrual cycles. Fertility was not impaired. PMID- 805541 TI - Electron microscopy of the placenta and related structures of the marmoset. AB - The marmoset has recently become an important animal in oncologic research, especially with respect to herpes deoxyribonucleic acid viral tumors. As a prototype of the primitive New World monkey, it is also valuable for the study of primate evolution. For these reasons this ultrastructural description of its placenta is presented, including the first electron micrographs of the basal plate and amnion. The main placental mass is pseudo-labyrinthine, or trabecular. The ultrastructural features of the cellular and syncytial trophoblast and endothelium closely resemble those of higher primates. The junctional region shows numerous clumps of moderately well-differentiated trophoblast, an acellular junctional zone, and a poorly developed decidual reaction. Trabecular connective tissue is sparser and transitional trophoblastic elements are less prominent than those in the human placenta. The amnion is ultrastructurally indistinguishable from that of the higher primates. Although the marmoset's placenta retains certain primitive gross and histologic features, such as the large persistent yolk sac and the trabecular condition, it is ultrastructurally quite similar to that of man. PMID- 805543 TI - Pituitary-thyroid function of rats in hypobaric oxygen-inert gas environments. AB - Rats (200-260 g) were exposed in sealed, recycling chambers continuously for 2-30 days to gas mixtures designed to maintain the same alveolar PO2 in the presence or absence of inert gas. Mixtures with inert gas (N2, He, or Ne) were at ground level; those without inert gas (100 percent O2) were in an altitude chamber. The O2 categories were: I-100 percent O2 at 747 torr; II-74 percent O2 + 26 percent inert and 566 torr 100 percent O2; III-47 percent O2 + 53 percent inert and 381 torr 100 percent O2; IV-21 percent O2 + 79 percent inert and 197 torr 100 percent O2. One of the two room-air controls was "restricted-fed" to the level of the lowest intake group. Measurements included body, pituitary, and thyroid weight, food and water intake, plasma volume and hematocrit, pituitary and plasma TSH, and plasma PBI. Severe depression in all variables and over 50 percent mortality was seen in I by day 4. All variables were depressed in II, but there was no mortality to 20 days. Pituitary-thyroid function appeared to be particularly sensitive to depression by hyperoxia, with plasma TSH levels reduced between 42 and 60 percent in II and III. No effect was attributable to the inert gas, whether it was N2, He, or Ne, nor was any specific effect traceable to the presence or absence of inert gas. PMID- 805544 TI - Letters to the editor: Will health services take the rap for inflation? PMID- 805545 TI - Diverticula of Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Diverticula, or multiple sacculations, of a Meckel's diverticulum are a relatively unknown and undocumented pathologic entity. A case is reported, and another case recalled. In both cases, the sacculations were in the fundus. There was partial or complete absence of muscular layers in the saccular wall. A congenital origin of these muscular defects is more likely than is an origin from acquired hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 805546 TI - Bacteriology of the gallbladder bile in normal subjects. AB - A bacteriologic analysis of the gallbladder bile in eighty patients who underwent operation was performed in a prospective study. In all twenty patients with a normal gallbladder as assessed by oral cholecystography and intraoperative palpation, cultured were negative. Among patients with chronic cholecystitis only 30 per cent had positive bile cultures and this rose to 47 per cent among patients with acute cholecystitis. PMID- 805547 TI - [Changes of the serumimmunoglobulins after kerotaplasty]. AB - Changes of the serumimmunoglobulins concentrations could be established after keratoplasty. Especially the fluctuations of the Ig-M-level was characteristically, which could be of prognostic meaning. PMID- 805548 TI - A method for comparison of the properties of UDP glucuronyltransferase from rat liver, with a joint substrate. PMID- 805549 TI - Metrizamide in D2O--a novel solute for the separation of labeled and unlabeled proteins by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. PMID- 805550 TI - A rapid and quantitative procedure for the purification of picomole quantities of salt-free synthetic (3-H-Pro) thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 805551 TI - Probability graphs resolve components with buoyant-density differences of 0.001 g/cm3 in equilibrium density gradients. PMID- 805552 TI - Use of heteropoly acids as immunological precipitin brighteners. PMID- 805553 TI - Analysis of nonlinear response in microbiological assay for folacin. PMID- 805554 TI - Selective arginase purification by sepharose immunoabsorbent. PMID- 805556 TI - The incidence of urine cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a general tuberculosis patient population. AB - When urine specimens from a general tuberculosis patient population of 328 were submitted routinely for mycobacterial cultures, 33 patients (10 per cent) a positive turine cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 22 patients (7 per cent) a positive urine culture for M. tuberculosis was unanticipated. Review of these 22 patients revealed that all had denied current genitourinary symptoms, 58 per cent had urinalyses within normal limits, and 58 per cent had normal intravenous pyelograms. Thus, lack of symptoms and normal tests do not necessarily exclude the possibility of genitourinary tuberculosis. Only 4.7 per cent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis but 21 per cent of those with extrapulmonary tuberculosis had unanticipated positive urine cultures for M. tuberculosis. This suggests that routine submission of urine specimens for mycobacterial cultures can be a valuable adjunct to the bacteriologic confirmation of the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 805555 TI - Thermal inactivation of the calcium regulatory mechanism of human skeletal muscle actomyosin: a possible contributing factor in the rigidity of malignant hyperthermia. AB - The muscular rigidity associated with anesthetically induced malignant hyperthermia has been attributed to an increase in myoplasmic free calcium concentration. However, previous in-vitro studies have shown that increased temperature can eliminate the calcium requirement for actin-myosin interaction. Therefore, the calcium dependency of human skeletal muscle actomyosin in response to temperature increases of the magnitude encountered in human muscle during hyperthermic episodes was investigated. Calcium dependency is expressed in terms of the ability of a calcium-chelating agent, EGTA, to inhibit the ATP-induced turbidity increase of actomyosin suspensions (superprecipitation). In the presence of millimolar concentrations of ATP and magnesium, EGTA completely inhibits superprecipitation at temperatures as high as 35 C. With further increase in temperature this inhibition is progressively reduced until, at 45 C, the extent of superprecipitation is independent of the calcium concentration. Loss of calcium control is potentiated by reduction in the ATP concentration. Since the muscular rigidity of malignant hyperthermia is associated with both an elevation of muscle temperature and a decline in muscle ATP content, it is evident that in this disorder conditions might exist for an increase in muscle tension that is independent of changes in intracellular free calcium concentration. PMID- 805557 TI - Use of dimethyl sulfoxide to control aflatoxin production. PMID- 805558 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide in central nervous system trauma. AB - Dimethyl sulfoxide has been tested in various experimental injuries of the central nervous system in relation to other therapies. It appears to be a useful drug in acute extradural mass-forming lesions, middle cerebral artery occlusion, respiratory anoxia, and spinal cord injuries, in rhesus and squirrel monkeys, dogs, and rats. The data from these studies suggest that in the experimental models used, DMSO is clearly superior to no treatment, and appears to be more generally effective than other comparable treatments. No satisfactory answer has yet been found to explain the beneficial effects of DMSO, but several hypothetical suggestions are offered; their validation hinges primarily on further confirmatory evidence. Further experiments with our present models and alternative research lines are discussed. PMID- 805560 TI - Influence of thymosin on the induction and regulation of the secondary response in vitro to diphtheria toxoid. PMID- 805559 TI - Antiarthritic and antithrombotic effects of topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 805561 TI - The effect of antithymosin globulin on the recovery of T-cells in ATS-treated mice. PMID- 805562 TI - State of the art and current problems. Workshop on tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. PMID- 805563 TI - Discontinuous DNA replication and molecular events preceding DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 805564 TI - Preparation of precipitating antigens by coupling oligosaccharides to polylysine. PMID- 805565 TI - The interaction of catecholamines, Ca2+ and adenylate cyclase in the intact turkey erythrocyte. PMID- 805567 TI - Total parenteral feeding in infants using peripheral veins. AB - Fifteen infants with life-threatening gastrointestinal anomalies received total parenteral feeding for periods ranging from 10 to 54 days; their ages ranged from one day to 5 months. The solutions were administered through peripheral veins. All patients gained weight during the period of observation and no cases of septicaemia were encountered. PMID- 805566 TI - Massive pulmonary haemorrhage in the newborn infant. AB - Six cases of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in newborn infants are described. 2 term infants suffered severe birth asphyxia and massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented early (mean 5 hours); in 4 preterm infants massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented late (mean 4 days) while receiving assisted ventilation. All the infants were treated with positive pressure ventilation, vigorous correction of pH, anaemia, and hypovolaemia, and 4 survived the acute condition. We suggest that the early elective use of intermittnet positive pressure ventilation may be effective in controlling the pulmonary haemorrhage. PMID- 805568 TI - Fatal infections in protein-calorie malnourished children with thymolymphatic atrophy. AB - The clinicopathological features of 25 children who died with protein-calorie malnutrition were studied. All but four subjects were found at necropsy to have nutritional thymectomy and all but 3 died of infectious diseases. The infectious agents were chiefly intracellular micro-organisms including miliary tuberculosis, Herpes simplex, varicella, measles, Pneumocystis carinii, and Plasmodium falciparum. Staphylococcal infections, salmonellosis, shigellosis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworm were other significant infectious agents. Nutritionally acquired defective immunity, especially cell-mediated immunity, probably permitted these infectious agents to multiply and to disseminate widely. PMID- 805569 TI - Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolchildren in Newcastle upon Tyne. AB - A screening survey for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in 13464 schoolgirls aged 4 to 18 years in Newcastle upon Tyne showed an overall prevalence of 1.9%. In girls 4 to 6 years it was 1.4%, in girls aged 7 to 11 years it was 2.5%, in girls aged 12 to 18 years it was 1.6%, a statistically significant rise and fall. Renal scarring was found in 39 (15%) of 254 girls with ASB. Neither the prevalence nor the severity of renal scarring increased with age. There was no association between ASB and social class. Of the 254 girls with ASB, 24% had no symptoms. Infections with klebsiella were more frequently associated with renal scarring than infections with Esch. coli. The prevalence of ASB in 1595 boys aged 5 to 18 was low, 0.2%. Ureteric reflux was present in 15% of girls without renal scarring and in 46% of those with renal scarring (P less than 0.001). Renal scarring also showed a significant association with duplication, hydroureter, or single saccules in the bladder. The greater the severity of scarring the more frequently was reflux present. This study gave no evidence that asymptomatic bacteriuria leads to progressive renal damage during childhood. It therefore does not support the recommendation for prescriptive screening of schoolchildren, but emphasizes the need for prospective studies of the natural history of ASB. PMID- 805570 TI - Toxicity of Aroclor-R 1254 and its physiological activity in several estuarine organisms. AB - The occurrence of high concentrations of a PCB (Aroclor 1254) in the Pensacola estuary prompted field and laboratory studies by the Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA). Monitoring of the estuary indicates the chemical is present in all components--particularly in sediments and fishes. Residues appear to be diminishing in sediments. Toxicity tests show estuarine species sensitive at ppb concentrations in water, with a ciliate protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis W), (Fundulus similis), affected at or near 1.0 ppb. Tissue concentrations of Aroclor 1254 similar to those found in natural populations of shrimps from the contaminated estuary were successfully duplicated in laboratory experiments. Shrimps also concentrated the PCB from very low concentrations (0.04 ppb) in the water. Three estuarine species demonstrated pathologic changes at tissue and cellular level after chronic exposure to the chemical. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) developed abnormal infiltration of leukocytes in the connective tissue, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) developed fatty changes in their livers, and shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) developed crystalloids in hepatopancreatic nuclei. PMID- 805571 TI - Preoperative radiotherapy for colorectal cancer. AB - In a prospective randomized trial, 700 patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum or rectosigmoid were randomized to receive radiotherapy prior to operation (2000 to 2500 rads in two weeks) or surgery alone. Five year observed survival in the 453 patients on whom "curative" resection was possible was 48.5% in the X-ray treated group compared with 38.8% in controls, while in the 305 having low lying lesions requiring abdominoperineal resection, survival in the treated group was 46.9% compared with 34.3% in controls. Although suggestive of a treatment benefit, neither is considered statistically significant. Histologically positive lymph nodes were found in 41.2% of the control group and in only 27.8% of the patients receiving radiotherapy. Reveiw of all patients who died during the study shows a consistently lower death rate from cancer in the radiotherapy group. Although this study suggests a treatment benefit from preoperative radiotherapy, further studies now in progress by this group and others are necessary to determine the optimal dose regimen. PMID- 805573 TI - Electron probe microanalysis of the dense bodies of human blood platelets. PMID- 805572 TI - Unstable coronary artery disease: comparison of medical and surgical treatment. AB - In eighty-eight patients with arteriographic findings of obstructive coronary artery disease and the clinical picture of unstable angina pectoris, a decision on operative or nonoperative management was made by the attending physician. Fifty-three of them subsequently underwent aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting and 35 were continued on a program of medical therapy. A marked difference in the course after the first 30 days was noted, with most of the surgically managed patients being either asymptomatic or greatly improved following coronary artery bypass. Two-thirds of the medically treated patients had persistent severe angina pectoris and non was asymptomatic in a follow-up period averaging 20 months. There were 2 late deaths in the medical group and none in the surgical group. These findings indicate that coronary artery bypass operations can be performed with low risk during the unstable phase of coronary artery disease and that relief of angina can be anticipated. In contrast, nonoperative management of unstable coronary artery disease carries an appreciable risk of death or myocardial infarction, and the majority of patients treated nonoperatively continue to experience angina. PMID- 805574 TI - A scanning electron microscope study on hemostatic reaction. Early hemostatic plug formation and the effect of aspirin. PMID- 805575 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Evolution of new principles in management. AB - Over a three-year period, we have operated on 30 infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Because of the increased experience with this lesion, we have evolved reliable guidelines for both early diagnosis and operative treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. Initial therapy was nonsurgical in most cases and included gastrointestinal tract decompression, systemic antibiotics, and correction of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities. Absolute indications for surgery and thought to be prima facie evidence for bowel necrosis were (1) cellulitis of the anterior abdominal wall, (2) free intraperitoneal air, (3) a single dilated intestinal segment present on serial roentgenograms, (4) clinical deteioration in the presence of appropriate medical therapy, and (5) persistent abdominal tenderness. Although all 30 patients operated on had necrotic bowel proved at histologic examination, 21 survived (70%). All patients listed as survivors, with the exception of two, have had intestinal tract continuity reestablished and are doing well. PMID- 805577 TI - Total intravenous nutrition with peripherally inserted silicone elastomer central venous catheters. AB - Long-term indwelling central venous catheters inserted peripherally for total intravenous nutrition have been complicated by thrombophlebitis in most instances. However, experiences with silicone elastomer catheters used in this manner have not been previously reported. In this investigation a crank introducer unit has been developed that has allowed 61-cm silicone elastomer catheters to be placed in the superior vena cava with insertion in the basillic or cephalic vein. Thirty-five patients (36 catheter placements) received total intravenous nutrition exclusively via these silicone elastomer catheters. The mean time indwelling was 20.4 days (range, four to 56 days). Thirty of the 36 catheters were removed when total intravenous nutrition was discontinued. Only six catheters were removed for nonvenous and venous reactions. These results have shown the safety and efficacy of peripherally inserted silicone elastomer central venous catheters. PMID- 805576 TI - Gastrointestinal tube stent plication in infants and children. AB - Twenty cases of intestinal obstruction in infants and children were managed by gastrointestinal tube stent plication. The mean age was 2.6 years, and ten patients were infants. Previous (often multiple) abdominal operations were performed in 18 patients with a variety of anomalies. Tube plication was used at initial operation in two neonates with malrotation. Following lysis of adhesions, a No. 12 or No. 16 tube (usually a Baker tube) was inserted by gastrostomy and advanced distally into the colon. The tube was kept in place for ten days, with caloric needs supplied by parenteral alimentation. Barium tubogram showed distal patency, and the tube was removed. Eighteen patients survived (90%), and obstruction was relieved in each instance. These observations suggest that gastrointestinal tube stent plication is a useful adjunctive procedure in carefully selected cases or recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction in infants and children. PMID- 805578 TI - [Experimental hepatic carcinogenesis in the progeny of white rats under the influence of para-dimetylaminoazobenzol]. PMID- 805579 TI - Galactorrhea: clinical implications. PMID- 805580 TI - Hydrogen peroxide sterilization of hydrophilic contact lenses. AB - A new, simple, and effective procedure for the sterilization of soft contact lenses utilizes hydrogen peroxide, an inexpensive and readily availiable solution. PMID- 805581 TI - Vitreous substitution with gases. AB - The effects of vitreous substitution with air, a sulfur hexafluoride-air mixture, an octafluorocyclobutane-air mixture, and physiological saline were compared in owl monkeys. Each gas caused an increase in ocular vascular permeability greater than that caused by saline, as measured by vitreous inflow of serum protein labeled with iodine I 131 and discgel electrophoresis. The duration of increased vascular permeability closely paralleled the time each gas remained in the vitreous cavity. PMID- 805582 TI - Comparison of MacKay-Marg, Goldmann, and Perkins tonometers in abnormal corneas. AB - Intraocular pressure was determined manometrically in owl monkey eyes with normal and edematous corneas. The pressure was measured with Perkins hand-held, Goldmann, and MacKay-Marg tonometers to compare relative accuracy. At monometric levels of 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg, a statistically significant difference in readings was found between normal and edematous corneas with use of the Perkins and Goldmann applanators, whereas no such difference was found with the MacKay Marg tonometer. The MacKay-Marg tonometer most closely approximated the true intraocular pressure in edematous corneas. PMID- 805583 TI - Chronic middle ear effusions. Immunochemical and bacteriological investigations. AB - Middle ear effusions from 100 patients (ages 6 months to 10 years) with serous otitis media were examined. The IgA, IgG, and lysozyme were demonstrated at a higher level in the effusions than the corresponding sera, indicating local production. The mucoid type contained higher level of immunoglobulins and lysozyme compared to serous type effusions. Bacteria were found in 77 percent of the effusions by means of a smear, and 52 percent yielded positive bacterial culture. The incidence of positive culture in effusions of the patients less than 6 years of age was 60 percent, while the group older than 6 years old was 32%, and the group over 8 was only 22 percent. Bacterial recovery rate was inversely related to the dramatic increase with age of IgA and IgG and lysozyme levels in effusions. PMID- 805584 TI - New systems for a two-speed electroencephalograph with an auditory device for diminishing the length of seizures. AB - The author describes a system for testing patients with petit mal seizures. The system has the following advantages: 1) EEG paper speed is automatically increased from 2.5 mm/s to 25 mm/s when brainwave activity increases, with the increased speed maintainable for up to 4.0 sec after the last seizure burst. Control studies with constant speed and two-speed systems operating simultaneously demonstrate that no significant distortion occurs at the moment of change in speed. The convenience of handling a greatly reduced volume of paper is obvious. 2) An auditory stimulus, either a pure tone burst of 1000 HZ or loud music, is also triggered by an increase in amplitude of brainwave activity. Testing of 15 patients shows a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in duration of seizure activity when the stimulus is activated. PMID- 805585 TI - Skin manifestations of gonococcemia. PMID- 805586 TI - Morphological and biochemical findings in a case of mucopolysaccharidosis type III A (Sanfilippo's disease type A). AB - Morphological and biochemical autopsy findings of a 12 year old girl with mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo's syndrome). The clinically suspected diagnosis was biochemically ascertained before the patients death. The autopsy findings obtained by biochemical and by light and electron microscopic investigations of different organs are compared with the results of other authors. PMID- 805587 TI - [Testing of oocysticide effects of newer disinfectants in poultry coccidia]. PMID- 805588 TI - Ultrasonic-cardiographic long-term observations in patients with operated stenosis of the mitral valve. AB - 135 patients operated for stenosis of the mitral valve were observed and treated 10.3 years, on the average. Three years of this time belong to the preoperative period and 7.3 years to the postoperative one. For evaluating the degree of stenosis, several ultrasound cardiograms were made yearly. After the operation one ultrasound examination was made every year for observing progress. In order to examine the effect of penicillin metaphylaxis on the process of restenosis, the patients were classified into different groups. The best operative result was maintained if continuous postoperative treatment with penicillin was made. PMID- 805589 TI - Glycosaminoglycan-synthesizing activity of an isolated Golgi preparation from cultured mast cells. PMID- 805590 TI - Tagatose-1, 6-diphosphate activation of lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus cremoris. PMID- 805591 TI - A succinylated mannan in the membrane system of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. PMID- 805592 TI - Photosynthetic studies with a 10-psec resolution streak camera. PMID- 805593 TI - Photochemical activation of Rana pipiens tyrosinase. PMID- 805594 TI - Letter: Serum gold levels. PMID- 805595 TI - Depletion of aortic free and ester cholesterol by dietary means in rhesus monkeys with fatty streaks. AB - This report presents findings concerning free and esterified cholesterol and specific fatty acids esterified to cholesterol in aortas of rhesus monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks followed by regression regimen for 32 and 64 weeks. Mean aortic total cholesterol of monkeys fed an atherogenic diet was more than twice that of the animals on a control diet. Esterified cholesterol showed a fourfold elevation while increase in free cholesterol was less than twofold. Free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol in the aorta of animals decreased by about 30 per cent and 70 per cent respectively after 32 weeks on the regression diet. Very little additional changes occurred in the animals on the regression regimen for 64 weeks. In fatty acids esterified to cholesterol, the largest proportional increase was in stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) acids and the least proportional increase was in linoleic (18:2) and arachidonic (20:4) acids after 12 weeks on the atherogenic diet. As a result of feeding the regression diet for a period of 32 weeks an overall depletion of about 85 per cent was observed from the levels in animals fed only an atherogenic diet. Cholesteryl sterate and oleate returned to near baseline levels with a reduction of about 90 per cent from levels observed after feeding the atherogenic diet. PMID- 805596 TI - Current practice in prevention of bacterial endocarditis. AB - A survey of Oxfordshire dentists showed that most practise prophlaxis of bacterial endocarditis, but that few follow currently recommended regimens. for example, prophylactic antibiotics are started one or more days before the procedure by 72 per cent of dentists, and two or more days before by 25 per cent. Eight-seven per cent administer antibiotics for a total of four or more days. Penicillin is most often given, but tetracyline remains the commonest second choice. Only 12 per cent use intramuscular drugs as first choice, and procaine penicillin is seldom used. These practices are contrasted with current medical recommendations and discussed with reference to fresh experimental evidence on prevention of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 805597 TI - A comparison of sodium cromoglycate nasal solution and powder in hay fever. PMID- 805598 TI - Effect of fasting on substrate specificity of rat liver UDP glucuronosyltransferase. AB - The effect of a 3-day period of complete starvation on the hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was studied in the rat. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was assayed with bilirubin as a carboxylic acceptor, and phenolphthalein and p-nitrophenol as phenolic acceptors. Starvation increased the bilirubin UDPglucuronosyltransferase specific activity by 33%, whereas no increase in specific activities appeared when the phenolic substrates were used. However, on a total liver weight basis, all three activities were significantly lower than those of the controls. Kinetic studies of activated microsomal bilirubin UDPglucuronosyltransferase showed that apparent Km values were similar; fasting acted only by increasing V. The results suggest that the changes in bilirubin glucoronosyltransferase activity provoked by starvation may reflect actual enzyme induction; they favour the multiplicity of the UDPglucuronosyltransferase system. PMID- 805599 TI - Omega-1, Omega-2 and Omega-3 hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids, amides and alcohols by a soluble enzyme system from Bacillus megaterium. AB - A soluble enzyme preparation from Bacillus megaterium, previously shown to hydroxylate free fatty acids to isomeric mixtures of Omega-1, Omega-2 and Omega-3 monohydroxy fatty acids in the presence of NADPH and O2, has now been shown to act also on fatty amides but not only hydrocarbons or fatty acid methyl esters. Using 14-C-labelled substrates, both the chain-length specificity and the positional specificity of hydroxylation was determined for fatty acids, alcohols and amides. The most active saturated fatty acid (pentadecanoic) was hydroxylated at a rate 10 times greater than the most active amide (myristamide) and 14 times faster than the most active alcohol (1-tetradecanol). Among the saturated fatty acids, the order of activity as hydroxylation substrates was C15 greater than C16 greater than C14 greater than C17 greater than C13 greater than C18 = C12. For amides the order was C14 greater than C12 greater than C15 greater than C16 while for alcohols it was C14 greater than C13 = C15 greater than C12 greater than C15. Four cis-monounsaturated fatty acids were also tested. Oleic, palmitoleic and cis 12-octadecenoic acids were more active than their saturated analogs but cis-5 tetradecenoate was less active than myristate. For all of the substrates mentioned above, with the possible exception of several unsaturated acids, the alkyl chains were monohydroxylated to give isomeric mixtures of the Omega-1, Omega-2 and Omega-3 derivatives. The distribution of these three isomers varied with chain-length and type of substrate but generally, the Omega-2 position was favored. The terminal methyl (Omega) group of these substrates was never hydroxylated and there did not appear to be significant hydroxylation of methylene carbons beyond the Omega-3 position. Based on the data presented here and in a previous paper, a model is proposed for the enzyme-substrate complex which involves hydrophobic binding and sequestering of the terminal methyl group of the substrate and electrostatic binding of the substrate's polar functional group. PMID- 805600 TI - The metabolic consequences of vitamin B-12/methionine deficiency in rats. AB - The synthesis of liver pteroylglutamates (folates) from injected [3-H] pteroylglutamic acid was investigated in vitamin B-12 methionine-deficient rats and pair-fed controls using improved extraction and chromatographic procedures to identify the monoglutamyl derivatives present. Livers from deficient animals had significantly increased levels of radioactive 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate detected after conjugase treatment of extracts and significantly decreased levels of radioactive tetrahydropteroylglutamate and formylated derivatives. However, that this is only a temporary effect and the result of a decreased rate of equilibration of the exogenous radioactivity was shown by measuring the fully equilibrated endogenous pools. This was done by microbiological assay of the endogenous liver folates with Lactobacillus casei. No significant difference was found between deficient animals and controls in the proportion of the endogenous microbiologically active derivatives present. These results in the rat do not support the idea that in vitamin B-12 deficiency the cellular folates accumulate as the reduced 5-methyl derivative, resulting in inadequate amount of the other cofactors to partipicate in nucleic acid biosynthesis. PMID- 805601 TI - Microtubule formation from two components separated by gel filtration of a tubulin preparation. AB - (1) A tubulin preparation, purified by two cycles of polymerisation in 4 M glycerol, was further fractionated into two components by chromatography on a column of 6% agarose. One was a fraction of pure tubulin dimer devoid of any combination of high molecular weight ingredients (component T). The other was an aggregate of tubulin containing several minor ingredients (component N). (2) Microtubule formation from these two components was followed in a quantitative way by measuring flow birefringence (deltan). When component N was incubated at 37 degrees C, an instantaneous increase of delta n was observed even at a low concentration of protein, and the extent of polymerisation was roughly proportional to the protein concentration. With component T, the polymerisation occurred after a lag period, and only at a protein concentration higher than at least 0.5 mg/ml. Polymerisation of component T was greatly accelerated when a small amount of component N was added to the reaction medium. (3) Component N was dissociated into a tubulin dimer when the ionic strength of the medium was increased. On reducing the ionic strength, the dimer was reassociated to form the aggregate, which was again capable of accelerating polymerisation of component T. Minor ingredients contained in the component N were not completely removed during the course of its dissociation and reassociation. The dynein-like protein that was present in the component N, however, was no longer detectable in the reassociated aggregate. PMID- 805602 TI - Cochleate lipid cylinders: formation by fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to study the morphological changes occurring following the addition of Ca-2+ to sonicated preparations of phosphatidylserine in aqueous NaCl buffer. Before the addition of Ca-2+, preparations contained only small (200-500 A diameter) spheroidal vesicles. After the addition of Ca-2+ (10 mM) and incubation for 1 h at 37 degrees C preparations contained only large (2000-10 000 A) apparently multilamellar structures many of which were cylindrical in shape. The lamellae in these cylinders appear to be folded in a spiral configuration. Addition of EDTA to these preparations produced large, closed, spherical, unilamellar vesicles. We suggest the name cochleate lipid cylinders for the spiral structures and propose that they are formed by fusion of unilamellar vesicles into large sheets which fold spirally to form cylinders. PMID- 805603 TI - [A new method of typing the light chains of G-paraproteins]. PMID- 805604 TI - [A vital luminescent-serologic study of intracellular processes during phagocytosis of brucellae by macrophages]. PMID- 805605 TI - [The dynamics of the nitrogenous fractions of stomach and small intestine chyme following introduction of food substances ot different regions of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 805606 TI - Cigarette smoke as a source of pesticide exposure. PMID- 805608 TI - Residue levels of polychlorinated terphenyls, polychlorinated biphynyls and DDT in human blood. PMID- 805607 TI - Lack of cytogenetic effects in bone marrow and spermatagonial cells in rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors 1242 and 1254). PMID- 805609 TI - Migration of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil induced by percolating water. PMID- 805610 TI - Exposure of workers to carbaryl. PMID- 805611 TI - DDT and PCB levels in Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, Osprey eggs. PMID- 805612 TI - Effects of PCB (Aroclor 1254) and p'p" DDT on production and survival of Daphnia magna Strauss. PMID- 805613 TI - Ecological chemistry. LXXXIII. In vitro metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls 14-C. PMID- 805614 TI - Effect of aroclor 1016 and 1242 on enzyme systems in the rat. PMID- 805615 TI - A simplified approach to studies of toxic toxaphene components. PMID- 805616 TI - Ecological chemistry. LXXXIV. Metabolism of lower polychlorinated biophenyl-14-C in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 805618 TI - Factors influencing the turnover of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 805617 TI - AH 10407: a novel, short-acting, competitive neuromuscular blocking drug in animals and man. PMID- 805619 TI - A prospective study of the influence of post-graduate training in psychiatry on the rating of mental abnormality. PMID- 805620 TI - Absence of mutation following ultrasonic treatment of Bacillus subtilis cells and transforming deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Possible mutagenic effects of ultrasound at medical dosages have been assessed using genetic systems of Bacillus subtilis. The induction of mutations, after treatment of cells and of extracted transforming DNA with ultrasound has been tested. High-frequency (2 MHz diagnostic regime and higher intensities) ultrasound was unable to increase significantly the spontaneous frequency of back mutation of an auxotrophic strain. Moreover, high-frequency treatments (1.5 MHz diagnostic and therapeutic regimes) were incapable of producing detectable levels of mutagenic lesions after in vitro irradiation of transforming DNA. Slight decreases in transforming activity of the treated DNA were apparent while the degree of linkage between two contiguous markers was unaffected. It is concluded that the ultrasound treatments employed under the conditions pertaining do not result in production of detectable mutagenic effects in cells or in vitro treated DNA. Before extrapolating such results to the human hazard situation, it is suggested that tests using genetic systems of higher organisms should be carried out. PMID- 805621 TI - A controlled trial of parenteral prophylactic gentamicin therapy in biliary surgery. AB - This trial has investigated the value of gentamicin therapy in patients requiring biliary surgery. One hundred consecutive patients were randomly allocated to receive either gentamicin or no antibiotic. Post-operative infection was assessed by an independent observer. Cultures and gentamicin assays were performed on bile and blood sampled during and after operation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin were measured with isolated bacterial. In 80 per cent of patients biliary organisms were inhibited by 2 mug/ml of gentamicin. Twice this concentration was found in the serum at operation in 88 per cent, but in the bile in only 18 per cent. Nevertheless, gentamicin lowered the incidence of bacteria in the bile from 42 to 25 per cent. There was a reduction in wound sepsis from 21 to 6 per cent (P less than 0-05). Bacteriaemia was demonstrated in only 1 patient receiving gentamicin compared with 5 controls and 1 death occurred from endotoxaemia in the control group. These data suggest that gentamicin will reduce the morbidity of biliary surgery, particularly in patients in whom the bile is infected at operation. PMID- 805622 TI - Letter: Malaria vaccines. PMID- 805624 TI - Editorial: Ourselves as others see us. PMID- 805623 TI - Mechanism of Rh prophylaxis: an experimental study on specificity of immunosuppression. AB - The mechanism by which Rh immunization is prevented by IgG anti-D was investigated by studying the specificity of immunosuppression. 62 D-negative Kell(K)-negative male volunteers were given two successive stimuli of 1 ml D positive K-positive red cells. Thirty-one of the volunteers were also given 13-14 mug of IgG anti-K immediately after each stimulus, the others acting as controls. Anti-D developed in 11 of the 31 controls and in one of the 31 volunteers who had received anti-K. This marked suppression of the anti-D response by IgG anti-K was accompanied by the rapid clearance of the injected red cells to the spleen. This shows that the predominant mechanism that must be operating when IgG anti-D prevents Rh immunization is not antigen specific but is one that must involve the whole red cell, probably through destruction within splenic macrophages. PMID- 805625 TI - Volunteer and clinical studies with carfecillin: a new orally administered ester of carbenicillin. AB - Blood and urine levels of carbenicillin were measured in 10 healthy volunteers and four patients with renal failure after single and multiple oral dose of carfecillin. Urinary levels after 1000-mg doses in healthy subjects were considered sufficient for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary infections, but the serum levels were too low for chemotherapy of systemic infections with this organism even in severe renal failure. Urinary infections were treated in 35 inpatients with a seven-day course of carfecillin. The infection was eradicated in 21 cases (60%). In 12 cases the pathogen was Ps. aeruginosa, which was eradicated from eight patients (67%). Many patients had severe urinary tract disease. Side effects were virtually absent. PMID- 805626 TI - Letter: Sodium nitroprusside in anaesthesia. PMID- 805627 TI - Letter: Malaria vaccines. PMID- 805629 TI - Scanning electron microscopy and freeze-etching of gonorrhoeal urethral exudate. AB - Urethral exudates from male patients with gonorrhoea were studied by use of the critical point drying technique for scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of phagocytes were extensively ruffled. This was interpreted to be the three dimensional appearance of pseudopodia. Epithelial cells present in the urethral exudate showed a highly convoluted surface structure. Specimens of urethral exudate prepared by the freeze-etch technique showed that most N. gonorrhoeae were engulfed individually in phagocytes. Some phagosomes contained two or more gonococcal cells. Phagocytes containing gonococci were degranulated, but small granules were present in the phagosomes. Nuclear pores on the surface of the nuclear membrane were always associated with an indentation of the nuclear membrane. The outer layer of the nuclear membrane was smooth compared to the inner layer, PMID- 805628 TI - Antenatal screening for candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and gonorrhoea. AB - Gonorrhoea was not found to be a problem in antenatal patients. It was found in only one out of 625 women, thus confirming other British surveys which do not agree with the North American figures. Candidiasis is commoner than trichomoniasis (27.4 and 4.7 per cent. prevalence respectively) and culture of a high vaginal swab is more effective as a means of diagnosis than a cervical cytology smear. The two conditions seldom occur together. The detection rate for Candida increases with gestation, but not with age, parity, or premarital and extramarital conception. The species isolated was predominantly Candida albicans. Trichomonads are detected in culture of a high vaginal swab more often than in a cervical cytology smear. Detection does not increase with age, parity, or gestation, but does increase with premarital and extramarital conception. It is difficult to diagnose clinically the cause of vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman. PMID- 805630 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in the abomasal mucosa of the lactating ewe. PMID- 805631 TI - Dorsal root afferents to clarke's column from hindlimb cord levels in Tupaia and Galago. AB - The projection of hindlimb dorsal root afferents to Clarke's column has been studied in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis) and lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). In the bushbaby, fibers from K12, L1 and L3 projected ipsilaterally to Clark's nucleus from levels L3 to T3, L2 to T4 and L3 to T5 respectively. In Tupaia, afferents from T11, L1, and L3 terminated ipsilaterally within the nucleus from segments L2 to T4, L3 to T6, and L3 to T8. Fibers from T12, L1, and L3 in Galago and T11 in Tupaia terminated within the even to lateral aspect of the nucleus at lower levels, throughout the nucleus at middle levels and in the dorsal aspect of the column at rostral levels. Fibers from T11 and L1 have a similar ventrolateral pattern of termination in lower levels, however, at rostral levels preterminal debris was present throughout the width of the nucleus. Fibers from L1 and L3 in the bushbaby form a complex longitudinal network with the medullary region of the nucleus in segments T11 to T8. Afferents from levels T5 in Tupaia and L6 in Galago projected ipsilaterally to the nucleus from level L3 to T10, and T8, respectively. Fibers from these segments terminated throughout the extent of the column at L3 and, rostrally projected to more dorsal regions of the nucleus. In this study, fibers from S2, and S3 and CCO2 did not terminate in Clark's column. Both the segmental distribution of hindlimb dorsal root fibers and their pattern of termination in Clark's nucleus in the tree shrew were similar to that reported in quadrupedal primates and other quadrupedal mammalian forms. The results of this study were interpreted as evidence which relates the complex organization of the Clark column system in the lesser bushbaby to its vertical clinging and leaping style of locomotion. PMID- 805632 TI - Organization of the visual afferents into the LGd and the pulvinar of the tree shrew Tupaia glis. PMID- 805633 TI - Malignant brain tumors - a synopsis. PMID- 805634 TI - Natural history and staging of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 805635 TI - Detection, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of dysplasis and early carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 805636 TI - Editorial: introducing cancer into the curriculum. PMID- 805637 TI - Harnessing the immunity system: from potential to reality. PMID- 805638 TI - Tumor immunology. PMID- 805639 TI - BCG in the treatment of human cancer. PMID- 805640 TI - Clustering of cancer. PMID- 805641 TI - Editorial: Some facts about the cancer effort. PMID- 805642 TI - The effects of urethane, sodium monohydrogen arsenate and selenocystine on crossing-over in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effects of 0 - 25 mM urethane, 0 - 50 muM selenocystine and 0 - 100 muM sodium monohydrogen arsenate on marker-exchange frequencies have been studied along a region of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster marked by y, cv, v and f. Clear and consistent effects seen in concentration curves were usually but not always found significant in analyses of variance. Urethane concentration curves rose to a higher level at 0.5 to 3 mM and dropped to control levels between 10 and 25 mM. It is proposed that this reversibility was due to a competition between two categories of lesions mimicking natural recombination sites, those on unpaired regions of the chromosome competing with those on already paired regions for recombination-repair enzymes. Selenocystine affected exchange frequencies mainly toward the ends of the unmarked region, especially y cv, negatively from 2 to 10 muM and positively above 10 muM. These effects are interpreted as being mediated by selenocystine control over restriction of synaptic pairing to terminal regions, especially y - cv. Interaction between urethane and selenocystine in two-chemical treatments satisfactorily support the above explantations for both the urethane and selenocystine effects. Sodium monohydrogen arsenate effects, tentatively attributed to the arsenate ion, differed markedly from those of the other chemicals: "arsenate" concentration curves for single-exchange classes tended to be broadly convex and those for double-exchange classes concave, while interactions with urethane tended to be synergistic or neutral except in one exchange class (that for single exchange in y - cv). No satisfactory explanation of the arsenate effects has yet been found. At 25 mM only, urethane caused male-specific, 95% pupal mortality. PMID- 805644 TI - Hearing and hair cells. AB - Animal experiments and human temporal bone studies have indicated that hearing losses may occur in ears that have normal populations of sensory cells. The possibility exists that the hair cells have been rendered non-functional because of ultrastructural damage. Preliminary investigation of cilia on hair cells in areas of suspected damage shows no difference from cilia in similar areas of control ears. PMID- 805643 TI - Microfil angiography: a demonstration of the microvasculature of the larynx with reference to tumor spread. AB - The microvasculature of both the human and monkey larynx is described. The recognized patterns of growth and spread of laryngeal carcinoma are discussed in relation to the microvasculature. The direction of enlargement of these tumors may be influenced by the lines of least resistance created in the tissues by the microvasculature. PMID- 805646 TI - Avia Haemoproteidase. 5. The haemoproteids of the family Threskiornithidae. PMID- 805645 TI - The Third Stevenson Lecture. Changing concepts of central control of movement. PMID- 805647 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, including enteric fever and typhoid carriers. AB - Forty-three patients suffering from typhoid fever, 11 from paratyphoid fever, six from bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri, and nine carriers of Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi B, have been treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole compound. Fifty-one of the 54 patients who had typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever responded satisfactorily to treatment. Two patients with typhoid fever failed to respond and one died. In the patients with bacillary dysentery acute symptoms subsided rapidly within 24 hours of starting trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Seven of the nine typhoid or paratyphoid carriers have been followed up after treatment and only one remains a fecal excretor of S. typhi. Five patients in the series developed a skin rash during therapy, one a macrocytic anemia and one reversible neutropenia. It is concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an effective agent for the treatment of enteric fever, severe bacillary dysentery and typhoid carriers. PMID- 805648 TI - The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in gonococcal infections. AB - In a multicentre trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, optimal results were achieved with a regimen of six tablets once daily for 3 days. Treatment failure was found to be related significantly to the relative resistance to SMX of the pretreatment isolate. Further, the difference between therapeutic results from various geographic areas could be correlated with the relative sensitivity of pretreatment isolates to both SMX and TMP for that area. In view of these observations the role of TMP-SMX in the treatment of gonococcal disease is discussed. PMID- 805649 TI - Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with penicillin and tetracycline in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in women. AB - In a collaborative prospective study 327 women with uncomplicated gonococcal cervicitis or proctitis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) aqueous procaine penicillin G, 4.8 million units IM in one session plus 1.0 g probenecide; (2) tetracycline HCI, 9 g over 4 days; (3) trimethoprim, 80 mg sulfamethoxazole, 400 mg (TMP-SMX) six tablets once daily for 3 days; (4) TMP SMX, six tablets wtice on 1 dat at a 6-hour interval. They were re-examined 4 to 8 days and 10 to 15 days after completion of therapy. There was no significant difference between the results of the four regimens in the 4- to 8-day period (P greater than 0.36). However, at the 2-week point the results of TMP-SMX given for 3 days were less effective (P smaller than 0.05) than those obtained by penicillin plus probenecid. There was no significant difference between the results of the other regimens at this latter period. PMID- 805650 TI - Antiplasmodial efficacy of 2,4--diaminopyrimidine0sylfonamide combinations, especially against chloroquine-resistant malaria. AB - This presentation deals with the historical development of the antifolate pyrimidines and related compounds, first as antimalarial substances and later as potent antibacterial agents. It describes the first quantitation of the combined action, through sequential blockade, of the substances with sulfonamides, and outlines the usefulness of the combinations in the therapy of normally sensitive and multiresistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 805653 TI - Letter: mediastinal abscess secondary to perforated traction diverticulum of the midesophagus. PMID- 805651 TI - Comparison of penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. AB - A double-blind trial of penicillin and the combination trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was undertaken in adult patients with active infection of the ears, nose or throat. The results indicated that the drug trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was as effective as penicillin in achieving clinical improvement and showed a broader spectrum than penicillin the the elimination of pathogenic organisms. The difficulties in obtaining positive cultures that were reflective of the clinical condition are described. PMID- 805652 TI - Combination chemotherapy of infectious diseases. Chairman's summing-up and conclusions. PMID- 805655 TI - Dynamite poisoning in Hereford crossbreds in southeastern Ontario. PMID- 805654 TI - An improved sugar fermentation technique for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 805656 TI - Cultivation of epithelial cells from the prostate. AB - We have (a) examined culture conditions for prostatic cells, (b) devised a procedure for the selective enrichment of epithelial cells, and (c) developed a way to identify prostatic epithelial cells by immunologic methods. PMID- 805657 TI - Extended-field radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate: a progress report. PMID- 805658 TI - Design of spindle poisons activated specifically by prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and new methods for PAP cytochemistry. AB - By taking advantage of the structural requirements of the substrates for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), which consist of steric hindrance and the presence of basic nitrogen in the molecule, potential cytotoxic agents (spindle poisons) are being designed that will become enzyme activated specifically by PAP. Colchicine has been converted to colchiceinamides of substituted ethanolamines and o-phosphoethanolamines. The rate of hydrolysis of the latter by human prostatic tissue as compared to the rate of hydrolysis by human kidneys (P/K ratio) is given and indicates a significant degree of specificity for PAP. Some preliminary toxicity data in mice are also given. New thiocolchicine derivatives with phosphates on ring B are also being prepared for study and some preliminary toxicity data are given. The observation in biochemical experiments that phosphorylcholine is a very specific substrate for PAP has led us to develop specific cytochemical methods for PAP for both light and electron microscopy. Preliminary observations are given and good evidence is provided that PAP is not a lysosomal enzyme, unlike other acid phosphatases. Furthermore, PAP is to other acid phosphatases what the cholinesterases are to other esterases. Since the acid phosphatase that is able to hydrolyze phosphorylcholine is characteristic of prostatic epithelium, this is the acid phosphatase that is referred to be the designation of PAP. Other acid phosphatases (both lysosomal and nonlysosomal) in prostatic epithelial cells are not demonstrated by this substrate and hence are not included in this designation. PMID- 805659 TI - A study of cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with cystic ovarian neoplasms. AB - Cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 11 patients with ovarian cyst-adenocarcinoma and in 16 patients with benign ovarian neoplasms. In patients with ovarian cancer, plasma CEA levels were not elevated above 2.5 ng/ml unless cyst fluid CEA levels were 4 to 16 mu-g/ml. In this series, cystic and plasma CEA levels were elevated most consistently in patients with mucinous ovarian tumors. Furthermore, on the basis of molecular size and immunoreactivity by immunodiffusion, ovarian cancer cyst fluid CEA and colonic cancer CEA had similar immunochemical properties. Consistent with the findings in other neoplasms, follow-up studies showed that plasma CEA levels returned to the normal range between 2 and 12 weeks after surgical excision of the ovarian tumor. It is concluded that plasma CEA is of value in the management of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. PMID- 805660 TI - Role of amino acid depletion in combined treatment of neoplastic cells with methotrexate and L-asparaginase. AB - The effect of pretreatment with L-asparaginase on the cytotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) was studied in L5178Y murine leukemic cells and L-929 cells grown in vitro. The results were correlated with the effects of L-asparaginase on DNA synthesis. At low concentrations of the enzyme, pretreatment of cells enhanced the effect of MTX; at higher concentrations, it prevented the effect of MTX. Elimination of the MTX action was demonstrated also in L5178Y cells growing in the medium lacking L-asparagine. L-Asparagine readdition resulted in enhancement of MTX cytotoxicity. Pulse-labeling experiments demonstrated that in every case elimination of MTX action was related to a diminution of the fraction of cells in the phase of DNA synthesis. In contrast, enhancement of the effect of MTX was related to an increase in the fraction of cells in the DNA synthesis phase. A similar parallelism of effects occurred in L-929 cells when pretreatment with L-asparaginase was followed by washing the cells and culturing them in medium without the enzyme. PMID- 805661 TI - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) on inducible and repressible microsomal N-demethylases in the mouse and rat. AB - A comparative study of the effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, and starvation on hepatic dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) demethylase (a repressible enzyme) and azo dye N-demethylase (an inducible enzyme) has been carried out. As previously observed with polycyclic hydrocarbons and phenobarbital, Aroclor in rats is a potent inducer of liver tissue proliferation and of azo dye N-demethylase. However, in mice, although the inducing effect on liver tissue proliferation and azo dye N-demethylase activity is maintained, there is no change in DMN demethylase activity as a result of Aroclor administration. As in rats, 3-methylcholanthrene induces the azo dye N demethylase in mice. This hydrocarbon, which is known to substantially repress the DMN demethylase in rats, has, however, no effect on this enzyme in mice. While starvation is known to have a substantial inducing effect on DMN demethylase in rats, in mice starvation brings about a moderate induction of DMN demethylase. PMID- 805662 TI - H-2-linked genetic control of resistance to histocompatible tumors. AB - The role of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse (H-2) in resistance to two transplanted histocompatible tumors was evaluated by determining the differences in survival times between the syngeneic parent strain and various F1 hybrids. C57BL/10nSn (B10) mice and their F1 hybrids were given injections of a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma of B10 origin. The B10 x B10.BR F1, B10 x B10.M F1, B10 x B10.WB F1, and B10 x 5R F1 hybrids survived significantly longer than the B10 parental strain or B10 x B10.D2 F1 and B10 x 18R F1 animals, while B10 x 2R F1 mice succumbed significantly sooner than any of the above groups. Statistical comparisons of geometric mean survival times of the strain of tumor origin (B10) versus the F1 hybrids showed the influence of genes coded for the H 2 complex in the phenomenon, termed "hybrid resistance" or "allogeneic inhibition." However, tumor resistance did not occur in all hybrids and could not be attributed to a single dominant Ir gene localized in the I region as might be predicted if the phenomenon involved genetic control of immunological responsiveness to tumor-specific transplantation antigens. Similarly, in a second group of experiments, the mean survival times of DBA/2 x B10.D2 F1 animals given injections of the 815 mastocytoma of DBA/2(D2) origin was compared to the mean survival times of various hybrids with the D2 parent. Again, the results demonstrated the importance of the H-2 gene complex in this phenomenon. However, the above results did not permit precise localization of the H-2-linked gene(s) responsible for differential resistance to the histocompatible tumor. PMID- 805663 TI - Inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on the inductio of rat mammary tumors by in vitro exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - The inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on the induction of tumors by in vitro exposure of mammary glands to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was studied. When actinomycin D was given i.p. 24 hr before excision of the mammary glands, the induction of tumors by in vitro exposure of the glands to 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was significantly decreased. On the other hand, when actinomycin D was administered 24 hr after excision, it had no effect on the induction of tumors. In vitro exposure of excised glands to 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and actinomycin D significant decreased tumor induction. However, the order of exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and actinomycin D influenced the inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on tumor induction. Results indicated that this might be due to a difference in the amounts of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and actinomycin D bound to the mammary glands. PMID- 805664 TI - Effects of human lymphocytes on cultured normal and malignant cells. AB - With a modified microcytotoxicity assay, the effects of lymphocytes from normal volunteers and from patients with a variety of solid malignant tumors were tested in vitro against both normal and neoplastic target cells. The study was divided into three sequential time phases in each of which a different method of lymphocyte separation was used. Lymphocytes were separated by a Ludox-polyvinyl pyrrolidone technique in the first phase, by nylon wool filtration in the second phase, and by a Ficoll-Hypaque technique in the third phase of the study. In the first two phases of the study, lymphocytes from both normal volunteers and cancer patients were frequently toxic on both tumor cells and fibroblasts. In the last phase of the study types of target cells. Cancer patient lymphocytes were more frequently toxic on tumor cells but no more frequently toxic on fibroblasts than were normal lymphocytes. The different results obtained in the last phase of the study cannot be attributed solely to the different method of lymphocyte separation, since other factors, such as better growth status of the target cells and greater facility in performing the assays, might also be responsible. Results of the last phase of the study raise the possibility that both specific and nospecific reactions may contribute to the toxicity observed in this laboratory with cancer patient lymphocytes tested against tumor cells. It has not yet been possible to reduce the level or frequency of the nonspecific reactions to such a degree that the microcytotoxicity assay can be used clinically to document clearly or to follow the putative tumor-specific immunity of individual cancer patients. PMID- 805665 TI - Immunoreactive LH-RH neurons in the hypothalamus identified by light and fluorescent microscopy. AB - The sites of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) neurons and their axonal pathways in the hypothalmi of rats and mice were studied by the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique and b) the immunofluorescent isothiocyanate technique, using rabbit antiserum to synthetic LH-RH. Both of these techniques give similar results concerning LH-RH localization both in rats and mice. The immunoreactive LH-RH positive neurons are about 18-26 mu in diameter, mostly angular, pyriform or spindle shaped and very rarely oval or round. Most of these neurons are generally scattered in the hypothalamus. In the preoptic and medial preshiasmatic areas, ventromedial, arcuate nuclei and ventrolateral-premammillary body, the neurons are numerous and mostly in groups of 3-6. In other areas of the hypothalamus surrounding the suprachiasmatic area, supraoptic area, paraventricular nuclei and the anterior hypothalamic area, the LH-RH neurons are few and scattered. Very few neurons occur in the median eminence or in the infundibular stem. Major projections of LH-RH neurons apparently originate from preoptic, prechiasmatic and surrounding suprachiasmatic area, and from the anterior hypothalamic area. The fibres run in the fabrillar zone, descend in the external infundibular zone, and finally terminate for the most part around the capillaries of the primary portal plexus of the hypophysis. Other major groups of fibres apparently originate from the arcuate and ventromedial neurons. These fibres bend above the fibrous zone for some distance, ultimately descending in the zona palisadica and zona granulosa of the median eminence, towards the capillaries. The fibers of the ventrolateral-premammillary neurons are seen on the floor of the premammillary recess of 3rd ventricle and apparently terminate close to the capillaries in the infundibular region. Most of the LH-RH nerve fibres terminate near the primary portal plexus of the hypophysis, while some terminate in the pars tuberalis and a few seem to terminate in the 3rd ventricle. The LH-RH antiserum is ineffective after absorption with the antigen, so the staining reaction appears to be specific for LH-RH. PMID- 805666 TI - Fine structure of the male genital tract and kidney in the Anura Xenopus laevis Daudin, Rana temporaria L. and Bufo bufo L. under normal and experimental conditions. AB - The ultrastructure of the main cellular components of testicular interstitial spaces in three Anuran species was studied during two short periods of the seasonal cycle and after treatment with 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine (5- and 6-OHDA). In early December when seminiferous tubules are completely filled with resting spermatozoa in Rana, Leydig cells display a well developed smooth- and rough surfaced ER, numerous granular vesicles being untypical of Mammalian Leeydig cells, metochondria with tubular cristae and only few lipid droplets. In late April shortly after spermiation has occurred in most animals studied Leydig cell exhibit a low degree of activity as shown by the presence of numerous large lipid inclusions, reduced amounts of ER and granular vesicles, but increased numbers of dense bodies. In addition, a few rather undifferentiated cells are observed. In principle, the same differences between winter and late spring Leydig cells are seen in Bufo, although the smooth-surfaced ER which is partly arranged in whorls is much more pronounced in this species whereas granular vesicles are lacking. In December intertubular spaces display a few mitotic figures of Leydig cells. In Xenopus no obvious seasonal changes are observed in Leydig cells. As in Rana, there are numerous granular vesicles. The agranular ER is moderately developed. Intratesticular seminal excretory ducts consist in all three species studied of very low differentiated cells being almost completely filled with filaments (equivalent-100 A). Seasonal changes do not seem to occur. Morphological equivalents for secretory or resorptive processes are neither observed in early December nor in late April around the time of spermiation (in Rana and Bufo). At the connections site of seminiferous tubules and excretory ducts a basal laminal labyrinth is commonly observed. In Xenopus smooth muscle cells from an incomplete sheath around seminiferous tubules and are also uniformly distributed in the intertubular spaces without any obvious relationships to vessels. Rana and Bufo lack a peritubular contractile cell layer. After application of 5- and 6-OHDA (5 OHDA: three injections of 200 mg/kg at 12 hr intervals; 6-OHDA: three doses of 100-150 mg/kg on three consecutive days) cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with lamellar and crystalloid internal patterns develop in Leydig cells from lysosome like structures. In addition, formation of dense bodies from mitochondria is seen in a few instances. The significance of these alterations is discussed. PMID- 805667 TI - Identification of specific crosslinked histones after treatment of chromatin with formaldehyde. AB - Treatment of chromatin or nuclei with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde results in the appearance of crosslinked histones as analyzed on SDS gels. The identity of two major crosslinked products was determined by iodinating the product and analzying the tryptic peptides. The results show that one product is a dimer of histones IIb2 and IIb1 and another product is a dimer of histones IIb2 and IV. These species represent no more than 15% of the total cellular histone. PMID- 805668 TI - [Prolactin. New findings and clinical significance]. PMID- 805669 TI - [Turbid amniotic fluid and preventive administration of antibiotics in newborn infants]. PMID- 805670 TI - Regulation of glomerular filtration and proximal tubule reabsorption. AB - In this review current hypotheses for the regulation of filtration rate and the subsequent reabsorption of that filtrate by the proximal tubule are discussed. In the rat the filtration rate is highly plasma flow dependent because of the phenomenon of filtration equilibrium. On the other hand, in man and dog filtration rate is much less dependent on renal plasma flow. In these species glomerular capillary pressure rather than glomerular plasma flow may be the primary determinant of filtration. Three hypotheses for the autoregulation of glomerular filtration are discussed. Of these the myogenic theory, which holds that increases in perfusion pressure result in an intrinsic contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles, remains the best, if not completely adequate, explanation for the phenomenon. The role of a macula densa feedback mechanism is controversial, although data are presented which strongly militate against this hypothesis. Similarly, the prostaglandins, although important in determining vascular resistance, probably do not mediate autoregulation. Two prevalent hypotheses for the regulation of fluid reabsorption by the proximal tubule, the physical factor hypothesis and the humoral hypothesis, are discussed. Data presented indicate that peritubule Starling forces have a marked effect on isotonic reabsorption by the proximal tubule in the presence of volume expansion and enhanced backleak into the proximal tubule lumen. However, in hydropenia and diminished backleak, changes in peritubule capillary Starling forces have little effect on proximal sodium reabsorption. Thus, the physical factor mechanism is a rather insensitive regulator of proximal reabsorption in the absence of volume expansion. Hormones known to regulate sodium transport per se, such as aldosterone, have no effect on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. In contrast, those hormones primarily regulating anion reabsorption in the proximal tubule, such as parathyroid hormone, have significant effects on fluid reabsorption. Thus, the humoral regulation of anion reabsorption has secondary effects on proximal sodium reabsorption. PMID- 805671 TI - Venous smooth muscle in hypertension. Enhanced contractility of portal veins from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In isolated bath studies smooth muscle from the rat portal vein was evaluated for its reactivity and contractility, and the whole vessel wall was evaluated for its extensibility. Smooth muscle from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) had the following characteristics when compared with that from normotensive controls: (1) Spontaneous phasic contractions were more frequent and developed more tension; (2) threshold concentrations for responses to prostaglandins A-2 and B-2 were lower, but those for responses to epinephrine, norepinephrine, KCl, BaCl-2, and SrCl-2 were similar; (3) high concentrations of calcium had a less depressant action on the responses to the prostaglandins but not on the responses to the other agonists; (4) maximal contractile tensions to all agonists were greater; and (5) passive extensibility was less. These differences, because they are in the venous system, cannot be secondary to the increase in wall stress of arterial hypertension. The decreased passive extensibility in this vein in SHR creates a stiffer framework on which the active contractile process is able to develop greater tension. If this increase in active tension is generalized to all veins, it could be responsible for a decrease in venous capacity which increases the rate of venous return and, hence, increases cardiac output. PMID- 805672 TI - A circulating renin activator in essential hypertension. AB - The rate of angiotensin generation with added renin in plasma from patients with benign essential hypertension has been shown to be higher than in plasma from norm ensive controls. An index of the angiotensin generation rate in relation to to al plasma renin substrate (PRS-r index) has been defined which allows for screening for "activated" plasma. In hypertensive subjects, this index was shown to be higher than that of the normotensive subjects (61 plus or minus 2.4 SE, and 45 plus or minus 5 SE). The index did not correlate with the absolute levels of blood pressure, 24-hour sodium excretion, or plasma renin activity in hypertensive subjects either during the control period or during acute alterations of blood pressure, but was shown to respond in a parallel fashion with chronically induced changes in blood pressure and circulating levels of angiotensin I. By the use of an isolated system of human renin and homologous renin substrate, we have demonstrated that plasma from hypertensive subjects contains a modifier of the renin reaction which increases both V-max and Km of the system, behaving as an uncompetitive activator. No significant change was noted with the addition of normal plasma to the same isolated system. PMID- 805673 TI - Possible contributions of endogenous prostaglandins to the control of blood pressure. AB - Prostaglandins are primarily local or tissue hormones which have their effects at or near the site of release and are metabolized before reaching the arterial circulation. A possible exception is prostaglandin A-2, which has been proposed as a circulating hormone; however, there is no evidence that prostaglandin A-2 is biosynthesized in the mammalian kidney or even in extrarenal tissues. The prostaglandin generated and released in the kidney is predominantly E-2. Some blood vessels also synthesize prostaglandins intramurally, where their local release influences vascular tone and reactivity. Endogenous prostaglandin E-2 production contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by (1) opposing the vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic actions of circulating pressor hormones; (2) braking the release of norepinephrine from vasoconstrictor nerves; and (3) participating in the control extracellular fluid volume through its renal hemodynamic actions. PMID- 805674 TI - Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on the effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in the renal vasculature. AB - The effect of meclofenamate and indomethacin on renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance was determined under basal experimental conditions and during renal ischemia in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and renal arterial pressure was recorded from a catheter in the renal artery. Intra-arterial infusion of indomethacin or meclofenamate in concentrations of 4 and 4 to 8 mu-g/ml, respectively, did not cause any significant change in renal blood flow or renal vascular resistance under basal conditions. During the period of ischemia (50% reduction in renal blood flow), 4 mu-g/ml of either prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor caused a marked increase in renal vascular resistance. Prostaglandin E in the renal venous blood was decreased at the time renal vascular resistance was increased by meclofenamate. The renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II injected intravenously was potentiated by both inhibitors under basal as well as ischemic conditions, which also suggested that prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited. The angiotensin antagonist 1-sar-8-ala-angiotensin II was infused intra-arterially in concentrations of 20 and 40 mmu-g/ml during renal ischemia. Subsequent administration of meclofenamate increased renal vascular resistance only slightly. The results of these experiments indicated that renal prostaglandins have more influence on renal blood flow during renal ischemia than under basal conditions, and that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in activating synthesis and release of prostaglandins during ischemia. PMID- 805675 TI - Dose response effectiveness of propranolol for the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - Seventeen patients received placebo medication during a 12-week run-in period, followed by four double-blind study periods of six weeks each, during which time placebo, 80 mg, 160 mg and 320 mg propranolol dosages were administered. Examination of the frequency of angina episodes and nonprophylactic nitroglycerin consumption revealed significant beneficial clinical responses for both the 160 and 320 mg dosages. Exercise testing also demonstrated increased exercise tolerance (320 mg dose) with a shift of the exercise end point from pain to fatigue in seven of 17 patients. The interrelationships between propranolol daily dosage, clinical response assessed by percent reduction in anginal episodes, beta adrenergic blockade measured by percent reduction in exercise heart rate and serum levels were examined. In general, serum levels of 30 ng/ml, when drawn 90 to 180 minutes following the last oral dose, were required to achieve a 25% or greater reduction in angina frequency. Serum levels above 30 ng/ml were similarly correlated with a 20% or greater reduction in exercise heart rate at equivalent levels of exercise. Detailed examination of different patterns of clinical response with respect to beta-blockade, serum levels and oral doses are presented. PMID- 805676 TI - Digoxin induced intestinal vasoconstriction. The effects of proximal arterial stenosis and glucagon administration. AB - Previous studies have been shown that intravenous cardiac glycosides produce mesenteric vasoconstriction (MVC). The possibility that this might critically compromise blood flow in patients with mesenteric vascular disease was suggested. To evaluate whether MVC occurs with intravenous cardiac glycosides in the presence of proximal mesenteric artery stenosis, blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of thirteen dogs was measured with a Doppler flowmeter. The SMA was constricted and pressures were measured in the aorta, SMA, and superior mesenteric vein. Superior mesenteric vascular resistance (SMVR) was calculated by dividing the pressure difference between the SMA and superior mesenteric vein by the total blood flow to the superior mesenteric vasculature and was reported as mm Hg/cc-min. Blood flow was measured simultaneously by a drop rate meter in the vein of a surgically isolated intestinal segment supplied by a single arterial arcade. Venous outflow pressure from this segment was also monitored, which allowed calculation of isolated gut segment resistance (IGSR) in mm Hg/cc-min per 100 g gut. Stenosis of the SMA produced pressure gradients of 10 to 75 mm Hg and decreased resting blood flow by as much as 82%. Digoxin produced an increase in both SMVR and IGSR throughout the 30 to 120 minute period of the study in thirteen dogs despite the presence of severe grades of SMA stenosis. There was no relationship between the degree of proximal SMA stenosis and the magnitude of resistance change due to digoxin. To determine if this MVC was reversible, glucagon was administered to eleven dogs 30 to 60 minutes after digoxin and completely overcame the constriction. Thus, digoxin produced MVC in the presence of proximal SMA stenosis. This MVC was pharmacologically reversible. These data suggest that intravenous digoxin might contribute to intestinal ischemia in patients with preexisting vascular disease. PMID- 805677 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the erythrocytes of new-born premature and full term infants. AB - A specific and quantitative immunological method for the determination of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes B and C has been used to determine these enzymes in erythrocytes of umbilical cord blood. The investigations have shown a content of both isoenzymes less than 1:10 of that in adults. Premature infants have significantly lower values than full-term infants. The influence of carbonic anhydrase in the respiratory distress syndrome is discussed. No conclusions are drawn. The content of carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes has been suggested as a laboratory parameter of maturity. In our investigations it does not seem to be useful for the evaluation of muturity. PMID- 805678 TI - On the mechanism of polychlorinated biphenyl-induced hypobilirubinaemia. AB - Treatment of normal rats with a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture of DDT increased liver microsomal protein concentration. Hepatic microsomal bilirubin UDP glucuronyltransferase activity was elevated in the DDT-treated, but not in the polychlorinated biphenyl-treated rats. In contrast polychlorinated biphenyl, but not DDT, reduced serum bilirubin concentrations in jaundiced Gunn rats, as did sulphadiazine; sulphonamides compete with bilirubin for binding sites on plasma albumin. Polychlorinated biphenyls appear to lower serum bilirubin concentration by reducing the binding of bilirubin to plasma protein. PMID- 805679 TI - [Distribution of diphenoloxidases (DPOx) in various tissues of various animal species (author's transl)]. AB - An oxidative activity has been demonstrated in different tissues of various animals species (man, rabbit, hen, rat, mouse) measuring it by means of adrenaline, by starch gel electrophoresis and acrylamide gel electrofocusing, followed by incubation of these gel with DOPA. Kidney, liver and erythrocytes of rabbit, rat, mouse and hen, human erythrocytes and platelets display a high oxidative activity. This activity, which is not completely inhibited by KCN, is found in one band on starch gel electrophoresis and in two distinct bands on electrofocusing in the case of platelets and erythrocytes of man, rabbit and rat. The starch gel electrophoretic migration and the electrofocusing pattern are tissue and species dependent. PMID- 805680 TI - The TRH test in the course of treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - In nine patients with thyrotoxicosis (three patients with ophthalmopathy, one patient with T3 thyrotoxicosis) we followed plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and the TRH induced TSH release before and under treatment with propythiouracil (PTU), carbimazole or methimazol. The patients were observed for 2-8 months and did not receive any thyroid hormones during this time. Before treatment the TSH responses to TRH were absent in all patients. After commencement of antithyroid drug therapy the T3 and T4 plasma values decreased to normal (T3) or subnormal levels (T4) within 1-5 weeks and the patients became euthyroid, but at that time the TRH test was still negative in all patients. Moreover, there was a lag between 2 weeks and 4 months in five of the patients before the TRH test became positive. The duration of this lag could not be correlated with any data of the history or the clinical signs. Several possible explanations for this observation are discussed. Our results suggest that the TRH-test is not suited for the control of the therapeutic effect of antithyroid drug therapy. PMID- 805681 TI - Thyroid stimulators in health and disease. AB - Thyroid function in health is largely controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the thyrotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. Alterations of intrathyroidal iodine content may also be involved in autoregulation by the thyroid, particularly in states of iodine deficiency and excess (Ingbar, 1972). During pregnancy placental thyroid-stimulating agents-human chorionic thyrotrophin (HCT) and human molar thyrotrophin (HMT)-are produced. In the common variety of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, thyroid function appears to be regulated by thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) (Smith & Hall, 1974a). Human molar thyrotrophin can be produced by trophoblastic tumours in both sexes and thyroid-stimulating factors have been reported to be released by malignant tumours of the gut and by bronchogenic carcinomas, although this is one of the rarest of the ectopic hormone syndromes. PMID- 805682 TI - Benzidine revisited: a review of the literature and problems associated with the use of benzidine and its congeners. PMID- 805683 TI - Acute iron intoxication with intestinal infarction managed in part by small bowel resection. AB - This report deals with a case of acute iron intoxication in a child in which acute and chronic gastrointestinal abnormalities developed as a consequence of severe intestinal infarction and corrosion. Microscopic examination of resected small bowel revealed prominent iron deposits in areas of necrosis, in basement membranes of lymphatics, capillaries, and venules, and within platelet-fibrin thrombi. The clinical history and microscopic findings are consistent with the hypothesis of a direct action of absorbed iron on vascular walls as the pathophysiologic mechanism for the toxic effects of iron on the gastrointestinal tract. Acute and long-term management of iron intoxication is discussed in the context of the observations in this case. PMID- 805685 TI - Stereotaxic operation for the control of infantile epilepsy and associated behavorial disorder. PMID- 805684 TI - Unilateral hypothalamotomy in sexual delinquents. Report on six cases. PMID- 805686 TI - Stereotaxic methods in different forms of epilepsy. PMID- 805687 TI - Longitudinal hippocampectomy. A new stereotaxic approach to the gyrus hippocampi. PMID- 805688 TI - Acute brain swelling complicating insertion of needle electrode into hypothalamus and brain stem. PMID- 805690 TI - Control circuits for determination and transdetermination: interpreting positional information in a binary epigenetic code. AB - Positional information in an embryo requires interpretation to guide spatially ordered differentiation. Evidence, from dtermination and transdetermination among imaginal disc derivatives in Drosophila, suggests the interpretative commitment, or determination, is carried by entities possissing only two alternate states each. This hypothesis correctly predicts pairs of classes of mutants affecting complementary subsets of imaginal discs. Four such complementary pairs define four boundaries separating the various imaginal discs on the fate map of the egg. Crossing any boundary corresponds to a change in state of the associated determination circuit. Using these boundaries, the model makes 43 predictions about relative transdetermination frequencies. Thirty-four appear correct. This has an a priori probability of less than 10- minus 4. False predictions appear to reflect incompleteness in the theory. The four boundaries on the fate map presumably correspond to threshold levels of spatial gradients constituting positional information; on one side of a threshold one circuit state occurs, on the other, the second state. The last four cleavage divisions in Drosophila melanogaster occur as four mitotic waves with geometries similar to the four boundaries. Disc determination happens at about this time. These waves may be, or reflect, the signalling system carrying positional information. Focus on the interpretive machinery, the determination circuits, suggests two slightly new concepts: (1 the set of possible combinations of states of determination circuits constitutes an epigenetic code, thus raising familiar coding questions concerning redundancy or nonsense words; (2) each circuit may respond to its own gradient or positional signal distributed in two or three dimensions. PMID- 805691 TI - Pattern formation in ciliary organelle systems of ciliated protozoa. AB - Genetic, morphometric, and microsurgical investigations of the pattern of ciliary organells in ciliate protozoa support the view that ther are two types of developmental process responsible for the positioning of these organelles. The first is exemplified by the propagation of ciliary rows through localized addition of new ciliary units along the axis of the row, a process which is responsible for the maintenance of the pre-existing number of rows in clonal lineages over a large number of fissions. The second is illustrated by two examples: (1) Ciliary units are distributed among ciliary rows of Euplotes minuta according to an invariant geometrical pattern that is independent both of the total number of units and of the number of rows. (2) Microsurgical alteration of the topographical contours of a related ciliate, Paraurostyla weissei, brings about a shift in the sites of formation of certain specific ciliary rudiments to new positions that are determined in relation to the newly constructed form. The two modes of pattern formation in ciliates are discussed from both genetic and developmental viewpoints. The localized positional mechanisms within the ciliary rows allow for a 'configurational heredity' shich is, however, subject to constraints of nuclear genic control both of the stable range of number of rows and of the positioning mechanism itself. The large-scale systems of pattern determination are probably more closely related to the field properties of developing multicellular organisms. In ciliates such systems are almost certainly located in the cell membrane or in the relatively fixed cytoplasmic layer just beneath the membrane. PMID- 805689 TI - Differential variations in the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster during development. AB - Evidence is presented that during development there is active regulation of the information content of the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. This regulation involves a large fraction of the DNA sequences active in transcription. RNA/DNA hybrids formed under the conditions described were primarily with middle repetitive DNA sequences. RNA molecules transcribed from the highly repetitive centromeric DNA sequences or from the attached less repetitive "spacer' DNA (Kram et al., 1972) are not present in larval RNA. The hybrids formed were divided into (a) rRNA hybrids (formed by the two major rRNA species), and (b) non-ribosomal hybrids (formed by hnRNA and mRNA). There was a six-fold reduction in the production of non-ribosomal RNA/DNA hybrid formed with DNA of larvae collected 40 hours after hatching compared with that formed with DNA of eggs and adults. 90 hour larval DNA contained twice the proportion of these sequences present in 40 hour larval DNA. This was not due to the under-representation of the Y-chromosome in polytene tissues, nor could artifacts of extraction account for the differences. These findings are discussed in relation to the "one gene, one chromosome' concept, various anomolies in the behaviour of polytene chromosomes, intercalary heterochromatin and regulation of the content of the genome during development. PMID- 805693 TI - [Genetic defect in ceruloplasmin synthesis in liver polyribosomes in Wilson Konovalov disease]. PMID- 805692 TI - [Effect of radioprotective biogenic amines on lipid peroxidation in microsomes of rat small intestine mucosa]. PMID- 805694 TI - [Pneumonia as a cause of death in children (author's transl)]. AB - The yearly death-rate from pneumonia in children aged one month to 15 years has fallen in Schleswig-Holstein from 1.8 (1954-1958) to 0.6 per ten thousand (1969 1973). At the same time, total death-rate in the same age group has fallen from 14.5 to 9.3 per ten thousand children. The proportion of pneumonia in the total death-rate was 5.3% in 1971-1973, 1.6% in the first month of life and, after the sixteenth year, 2.3%. Pneumonia was in fourth place (after accident, malformation and neoplasm) as a cause of death in those more than one month old. The death rate due to pneumonia had not fallen between 1954 and 1973, varying between 10% and 12%. While death-rate of "primary" pneumonia (without other underlying disease) had fallen from 5.7% (1954-1958) to 1.1% (1969-1973), the death-rate of "secondary" pneumonia rose from 16.8% to 21.4% during the same period. The total number of children aged between two months and 15 years treated for pneumonia fell by two thirds from 1954-1973 (1245 to 406). The incidence of "primary" pneumonia during the same period fell to about a quarter, that of "secondary" pneumonia to one half. The unsatisfactory result in the treatment of "secondary" pneumonia is probably due to the underlying primary disease or a weakening of defence mechanisms by treatment or the occurrence of unusual causative organisms (pneumocystis carinii, tubercle bacilli, Candida, Aspergillus), demonstrated only after death. PMID- 805695 TI - [Trial of interruption of antiparkinson drugs in long term treatments with neuroleptics]. AB - The authors by placebo methods interrupted the antiparkinsonian treatment in chronic psychotic patients who had a neuroleptic treatment for at least three months. Three weeks after: 72 percent had to receive the antiparkinsonian they took before, in consequence of extrapyramidal manifestations (an half of the sample receive this antiparkinsonian during the first week), and more than a third presented an acute psychotic outbreak. However, 28 percent of the total sample were still with placebo. Authors are questioning the psychotropic activity of antiparkinsonians, the influence of neuroleptic doses and the specificity of each administred neuroleptic. They conclude in opposition with other authors, to the necessity of prescribing continuously antiparkinsonians in most of the cases of chronic psychoses, in long-term neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 805696 TI - [Trial of verification of the thymoanaleptic action of hypothalamic thyrostimulin (thyrotropin releasing factor of TRF) in melancholic states]. AB - After the studies conducted by PRANGE and KASTIN in 1972, we tried to verify whether T.R.F. had a real thymo-analeptic effect and if a repeated administration could cure a depressive state. We used T.R.F. either intra-venously -- in slow perfusion or directly -- (1 mg per day) or p.o. (30 mg per day) on 18 mono or bipolar melancolic patients. The treatment lasted from 8 to 21 days. We have observed 4 good results obtained between the second and the sixth day, all among bipolar melancolic patients. In the other cases the results were negative. In all cases the tolerance was very good. These results, though very limited, present very interesting perspectives about a physiological substance whose site and actions are known with a relative precision. PMID- 805697 TI - [Uptake of iodine radioisotopes by the thyroid gland following intravenous administration of a standard dose of thyrotropin releasing hormone]. PMID- 805698 TI - [Scintigraphic pattern of autonomous thyroid nodules following intravenous administration of a standard dose of thyrotropin releasing hormone]. PMID- 805699 TI - Electron capture gas chromatographic methodology for the quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls: survey and compromise. AB - A uniform approach to quantitation of environmental PCB residues was sought. There exists a requirement for a reasonable compromise between accurate analysis and the ability to handle large numbers of samples. An international survey of electron-capture gas chromatographic methods utilized by laboratories currently analyzing for PCB was conducted from the Canada Centre for Inland Waters. Subsequent evaluation of the methods received has led to adoption of a uniform basic procedure which fulfils the objectives and demonstrates a wide general applicability. PMID- 805700 TI - Enhancement of azo dye carcinogenesis by dietary sodium sulphate. PMID- 805701 TI - Double stranded ribonucleic acid in human leukemic blast cells. PMID- 805702 TI - Respiratory functions involved in the induction of puffs in Drosophila salivary glands. PMID- 805703 TI - Separation of germinal cells from immature rat testes by sedimentation at unit gravity. PMID- 805704 TI - Timing of the ribosomal gene replication in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 805705 TI - Inhibition of secretion in the polymorphonuclear leucocyte by Concanavalin A. PMID- 805706 TI - Separation of mouse testis cells by equilibrium density centrifugation in renografin gradients. PMID- 805708 TI - The influence of preparative techniques on glycolytic metabolism in resting leucocytes. PMID- 805707 TI - Regulation of Concanavalin A agglutination by the extracellular matrix. PMID- 805709 TI - The variability between individuals as a measure of senescence: a study of the number of eggs laid and the percentage of hatched eggs in the case of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 805710 TI - Microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity and senescence-I. Hexobarbital sleep time and induction of components of the hepatic microsomal enzyme system in rats of different ages. PMID- 805711 TI - Increased vibration threshold before movements in human subjects. PMID- 805713 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. PMID- 805712 TI - The kinetic complexity of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. PMID- 805715 TI - Nucleotide sequence of initiator tRNA from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 805714 TI - Studies on the carbohydrate structure of bovine milk galactosyltransferase. PMID- 805716 TI - The nitric oxide compounds of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase and their probable participation in the nitrite reduction. PMID- 805717 TI - Human melanoma and leukemia associated antigens difined by nonhuman primate antisera. AB - The rationale of our approach to the detection and characterization of human leukemia and melanoma associated membrane antigens is to take advantage of the unique immunological recognition perspective of simians to huamn antigens. There are enough antigenic similarities between man and nonhuman primates to blunt the immune response of apes and monkeys to huamn species-specific antigens. Their response to allogeneic normal human antigens such as HL-A can now be managed by in vitro absorption procedures. High titered antibodies specific for tumor associated membrane antigens have not been well documented in serological studies with patients' sera. Immunization of nonhuman primates utilizes a fully immunocompetent recipient who has no tumor and is not on chemotherapy. The immunization can utilize adjuvants and other regimens that morally and ethically cannot be easily used for human allogeneic immunization. The simian antisera that are shown to be specific for human tumor membrane antigens can then be utilized for studies on the isolation and characterization of the antigens. Similar studies with HL-A antigens indicated that the solubilized partially purified antigens can then be used to elicit high titered antibodies in other simians. These latter antisera can then be used for more sensitive assays and studies on the association of the antigen(s) with the cell membrane. Although the work summarized here covers leukemia and melamona antigens, it is felt the approach will serve as a model for the detection by simian antisera of tumor-specific membrane antigens of cancer cells from patients with various types of solid tumors. PMID- 805718 TI - Cytogenetics of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 805719 TI - Immunology of borreliosis in nonhuman primates. PMID- 805720 TI - Response of the nonhuman primate to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. PMID- 805721 TI - Functional adaptations in the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 805722 TI - Accommodation of the periodontium to occlusal trauma and inflammatory periodontal disease. PMID- 805723 TI - Kinetic and immunological abnormalities of aldolase B in herediatry fructose intolerance. PMID- 805724 TI - Immunological characterization of human alpha-D-mannosidases. PMID- 805725 TI - Nitrogen fixation and the heterocyst in blue-green algae. PMID- 805726 TI - Nucleic acid synthesis and regulation in blue-green algae. PMID- 805728 TI - An improved extraction procedure for the endotoxin from Microcystis aeruginosa NRC-1. PMID- 805727 TI - Dark-light transitions with a heterotrophic culture of a blue-green alga. PMID- 805729 TI - Receptors for oral anti-diabetic glibenclamide in liver and interaction between glibenclamide and proteins in various extrapancreatic sites. PMID- 805730 TI - In vitro development of insect cells. III. Effects of ecdysone on neonatal larval cells. PMID- 805732 TI - Pattern of unequal cell division and development in Caulobacter crescentus. PMID- 805731 TI - Adhesive properties of cell ghosts derived from Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 805733 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of embryonic neural retina cell surfaces. PMID- 805734 TI - The mammalian spermatozoon. PMID- 805735 TI - Relationship between serum chromium concentrations and glucose utilization in normal and infected subjects. AB - Studies in healthy individuals demonstrate that serum chromium concentrations fall precipitiously following the intravenous administration of a 30-gm. glucose load. Significant decreases from baseline control fasting serum Cr concentrations were also observed when intravenous glucose was given during sandfly fever. Glucose disappearance rates also decreased significantly to approximately one half of pre-illness control values while serum Cr values declined still further. In addition, serum Cr disappearance rates could be calculated. When individual preexposure and postexposure serum glucose and Cr disappearance rates were compared, significant linear correlation was found (P smaller than 0.05). Acute infection appears to reduce the availability of circulating Cr, which may contribute to the altered glucose metabolism characteristic of acute infections even in the presence of elevated insulin levels and other hormonal changes. PMID- 805736 TI - Care of the cerebral palsied: outcome of the past and needs for the future. PMID- 805737 TI - Prolonged survival in three brothers with severe type 2 Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Ultrastructural and metabolic studies. AB - Three brothers with severe type 2 Crigler-Najjar syndrome for over 50 years have been studied. Although the plasma unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) concentrations were in excess of 19 mg per 100 ml, no abnormal neurological signs were evident. Prolonged exposure to severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia does not therefore necessarily increase morbidity. Electron microscopy of liver tissue obtained from 2 patients before phenobarbital therapy showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with unusual prominence of the Golgi apparatus and focal modification of the cell surface membranes. These changes may reflect the reactive state of the hepatocyte to high levels of unconjugated bilirubin. Phenobarbital therapy resulted in a marked reduction in UCB concentration and was accompanied by further hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and minor changes in bile canaliculi. Dietary restriction to 400 cal daily for 3 days produced a dramatic increase in UCB. The addition of 2400 cal by the intravenous administration of 50% dextrose did not reduce the elevated UCB. In contrast, 2400 cal fed as a normal diet rapidly returned the UCB to basal levels. While on phenobarbital therapy, a similar response to caloric withdrawal and parenteral feeding was observed. These findings indicate that the hyperbilirubinemia of fasting does not depend on caloric deficiency per se, and suggest that either the route of caloric administration or the type of nutrient may influence the level of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 805738 TI - Early recovery of exocrine pancreatic function in adult protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Nine adult patients with protein-calorie malnutrition underwent a pancreozymin secretin test of exocrine pancreatic function and then were treated with a high protein diet. Studies of pancreatic function were repeated at 2 weeks and again at 6 weeks following institution of a high protein diet. There was substantial recovery in exocrine pancreatic function after only 2 weeks of dietary therapy. PMID- 805739 TI - Obturation of the ileum by a jejunal diverticular enterolith. AB - A case of obstruction of the distal portion of the small intestine by a concretion that had originated within a jejunal diverticulum is presented. Obstruction was relieved by removal of the calculus through an enterotomy. The patient's recovery was uncomplicated. PMID- 805740 TI - The effects of mammalian thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the pituitary-thyroid axis of teleost fish. PMID- 805741 TI - Prolactin release in vitro and in vivo in the pigeon and the domestic fowl following administration of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing factor (TRF). PMID- 805742 TI - Effect of catecholamines and synthetic mammalian hypothalamic hormones on the adenylyl cyclase activity of the pituitary of the teleost, carassius auratus. PMID- 805743 TI - Acceleration of thyroxine-induced metamorphosis by prolactin antiserum. PMID- 805744 TI - Comparative studies of plasma kinins: the kallikrein - kinin system in poikilotherm and other vertebrates. PMID- 805746 TI - Macronuclear genetics of Tetrahymena. I. Random distribution of macronuclear genecopies in T. pyriformis, syngen 1. AB - The objective of this study was to test the idea that the macronuclear (somatic) genetic information is randomly distributed at each cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. We took advantage of a quick and reliable test for the detection of stable vegetative segregants in clones heterozygous for ts2, a heat sensitive mutation. Clonesthat originated from cells inferred to contain very few (1-3) copies of the ts2-+ allelein their macronuclei were selected for pedigree analysis. Experimental results were compared with the results of a computer simulation of the experiment. Our results are fully consistent with the predictions of the ALLEN-NANNEY-SCHENISTED model concerning the replication and distribution of functional gene copies. This model proposes that themacronucleus contains many functional copies of a given gene that are duplicated once during the cell cycle and are randomly distributed to the two-daughter nuclei. Our work has provided a more sensitive test of the assumption of randomness than was previously available. Our evidence for complete randomness suggests that 45, the effective number ofmacronuclear gene copies previously inferred from the segregation rate, indeed representsthe actual number of copies. This conclusion, coupled with previously available evidence that the macronucleus is approximately 45-ploid, suggest that the segregating genetic units in the macronucleus are in effect haploid. This appears to remove the need to postulate inter-allelic repression to account for the phenomenon of phenotypic assortment. Our results, as well as those of others, also are inconsistent with any simple formof the masterslave hypothesis of ALLEN and GIBSON. PMID- 805745 TI - Hormonal control of the nuchal hump in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma citrinellum. PMID- 805747 TI - The influence of chromosome content on the size and shape of sperm heads in Drosophila melanogaster and the demonstration of chromosome loss during spermiogenesis. AB - The volumes of sperm heads were estimated from three-dimensional reconstructions of serially sectioned bundles of nearly mature spermatid nuclei. Cysts from males in which all sperm are expected to have comparable amounts of chromatin (X/Y and 1n(3LR)/+) show unimodal frequency distributions of nuclear volumes, whereas cysts from males in which meiotic segregation is expected to deliver unequal amounts of chromatin material to spermatid nuclei show two (XY/O and XY/Y) or more (T(2;3)/+ ANd C(2L);C(2R)) modes. The mean volumes of the subpopulations in these cases are related in the same proportions as the metaphase lengths of their chromosomal complements. Thus the volumes of sperm nuclei are proportional to their DNA content. Sperm head shape, on the other hand, does not appear to be very sensitive to chromosomal constitution, as heads of different size do not vary greatly in shape.----The numbers of sperm heads in the various size classes in a cyst depart from mendelian expectations; these departures are caused by the elimination, during individualization, of chromosomes contained within micronuclei that are formed in spermatids at the end of the second meiotic division. The effect of this chromosome loss is to increase the proportion of nullosomic gametes in the sperm pool.----The relative frequencies of XY-bearing and nullo-X, nullo-Y sperm in XY/O males were estimated from the volume measurements. Taking this estimate as a measure of the fertilizing population, it is possible to infer from the change in sex ratio over time following insemination, that XY-bearing sperm have an advantage of 1.5 over nullo-X, nullo Y sperm in leaving the seminal receptacle of the female for fertilization of ova. PMID- 805748 TI - A revision of the cytology and ontogeny of several deficiencies in the 3A1-3C6 region of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The cytology and developmental attributes of 18 deficiency mutations in the 3A1 3C6 region of the salivary gland X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated. The cytological limits of several older deficiencies have been revised and clarified and several new deficiencies are characterized. The deficiency mutants, withone possible exception, show a lethal phase in the late embryonic period or the early first larval instar. In contrast, the earliest acting point mutation lethals exposed by these deficiencies generally exhibit a somewhat later, post-embryonic lethality, perhaps indicating that the deficiencies are having some cumulative or synergistic impact on development. However, even with this difference in time of lethality, it is still possibleto conclude that it is not the absolute size of the deficiency but rather the character of the loci delected that determines the impact on development. Observations on the morphology of lethal embryos shows that while this analysis is internally consistent, it does not agree with earlier work. None of the 3A1 3C6 deficiencies causes any major teratologies during embryogenesis. Furthermore, the "earliest acting" gene in this region does not lie in band 3C1 but is most likely associated with bands3A8-10. PMID- 805749 TI - Differential sensitivities and the target of heat-induced recombination at the base of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effect of heat on two small adjacent segments at the base of the X chromosome was examined. Recombination in the two segments delimited by recessive lethals was measured after treatment with 30 degree and 34 degree. Both segments were sensitive at 30 degree, while only the proximal one responded to 34 degree treatment. When the same segments were studied in structural heterozygotes (for deletions) the relative increase in recombination was greater, suggesting that heat exerts its effect on the "pairing" rather than the "exchange" components of crossing over. The effect of c (3) G/+ on the same segments in both homozygous and heterozygous structurals was studied. The results indicate that this meiotic mutant mediates its effect on a step different than that affected by heat. PMID- 805750 TI - Parameters of mitotic recombination in minute mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A sample of 16 Minutes, representing 12 loci distributed over all the chromosome arms and including 3 pairs of alleles and 4 deficiencies, has been studied with respect to several developmental and recombinational parameters. Cell marker mutants located in most of the chromosome arms were used to assess (1) spontaneous and X-ray-induced mitotic recombination frequencies of each Minute, and (2) clone sizes of the different cell marker clones. These parameters were analyzed both in the wing disc and in the abdominal histoblasts.--Whereas spontaneous frequencies are not affected by the presence of the Minutes studied, the different Minutes characteristically increase the frequency of recombination clones arising after X-irradiation. The recombinant clones which are M+/M+ are significantly larger than clones in the same fly which retain the M+/M+ condition. This is particularly striking in clones in the wing disc, slightly so in clones in the tergites. The occurrence of mitotic recombination in the fourth chromosomes is reported for the first time.--Chaeta length and developmental delay correlates with the recombinational parameters in different ways. Possible causal interrelationships of the different traits of the Minute syndrome are discussed. PMID- 805751 TI - Sex chromosome meiotic drive systems in Drosophila melanogaster I. Abnormal spermatid development in males with a heterochromatin-deficient X chromosome (sc 4sc-8). AB - The meiotic drive chracteristics of the In(1)sc-4Lsc-8R/Y system have been examined by genetic analysis and by light and electron microscopy. sc-4sc8-/Y males show a direct correlation between nondisjunction frequency and meiotic drive. Temperature-shift experiments reveal that the temperature-sensitive period for nondisjunction is at meiosis, whereas that for meiotic drive has both meiotic and post-meiotic components. Cytological analyses in the light and electron microscopes reveal failures in spermiogenesis in the tests of sc-4sc-8 males. The extent of abnormal spermatid development increases as nondisjunction becomes more extreme. PMID- 805753 TI - In support of the telomere concept. AB - The frequency of recovered X-ray-induced (4000R) rearrangements that, in all probability mimic terminal deletions of the X chromosome was only one of, roughly, 10-5 X chromosomes screened for tip deficiencies. Although the single exception looks terminally deleted, it is probably capped by a very short or nonpolytene telomeric segment. It is apparent from these data that the probability of "healing" or stabilization of a terminally deleted X in the zygotic nucleus or developing embryo of Drosophila melanogaster is vanishingly small. The telomeric caps in two obviously interstitial deficiencies that were recovered represent, roughly, 1/500 of the length of a mitotic chromosome. These findings give some indication of the extreme difficulty of detecting short telomeric segments capping either deleted polytene chromosomes or deleted metaphase chromosomes of, for example, humans. PMID- 805752 TI - Regulation of gene activity by dosage compensation at the chromosomal level in drosophila. AB - Two models of dosage compensation have been tested by the measurement of G6PD and 6PGD enzymatic specific activities in flies hyperploid for regions of the X chromosome. Females duplicated for the proximal half of the X chromosomes (2 1/2 X's) have an increased level of G6PD and a normal level of 6PGD. Females duplicated for the distal half of the X chromosome (2 1/2 X's) have a normal level of G6PD and an increased level of 6PGD. Males bearing duplications of various segments of the X chromosome show control levels of G6PD and 6PGD, except where the duplicated region includes the structural gene for G6PD or 6PGD. These results fail to provide evidence for either the presence of discrete X-linked compensator (regulator) genes reducing the activity of other X-linked genes, or for a factor in limiting supply necessary for the transcription of all the genes on the X chromosome. Superfemales (3 X chromosomes) have the same G6PD and 6PGD activity levels as their diploid sisters. It would appear that the regulation of gene activity by dosage compensation is a chromosomal phenomenon in that the level of activity per gene copy for loci on the X chromosome is modulated in a stepwise fashion according to the total number of X chromosomes present. PMID- 805754 TI - Intragenic deletions and salivary band relationships in Drosophila. AB - In the absence of assumptions pertaining to the organization and function of chromomeric DNA, the cytogenetic analysis of intragenic deletions that start at Notch and spread to the right or left of the locus suggests that the recombinational gene is bilaterally associated with salivary band 3C7. Either there are two genes resolved as a single cistron, or one must seek an alternative interpretation that allows some modicum of independent in the relationship between gene and band. Although we momentarily lean toward the hypothesis that gene and salivary band are separate entities on a binemic chromosome, alternative views can be devised, and the data must remain open to reinterpretation.--The recessive visible allele fa-swb behaves as a point mutant at the left end of the map and seems to be a deletion in the interval 3C6 to 7; we suspect some part of the band is missing. We have used the aberration in fa-swb as a cytological marker, isolated intragenic recombinants, and subjected them to examination. The analysis indicates that the chromosomal interchanges occurred to the right of 3C7. PMID- 805755 TI - Macronuclear genetics of Tetrahymena. II. Macronuclear location of somatic mutations to cycloheximide resistance. AB - Somatic cycloheximide-resistant mutants of syngen 1 of Tetrahymena pyriformis were isolated and genetically characterized. Two properties of the mutants were independently examined: (a) The transmission of the mutant phenotype during conjugation and (b) the kinetics of phenotypic assortment during vegetative propagation. The results of both studies strongly support the idea that these somatic mutations have a macronuclear location. The kinetics of assortment are consistent with the idea that the syngen 1 macronucleus contains about 45 assorting genetic units. The sib-selection method employed here, used in conjunction with the analysis of assortment kinetics and a previously described test for randomness of distribution, provides a probe of macronuclear genetics applicable to many ciliates, including those in which conjugation is not known to occur or is not under experimental control. PMID- 805756 TI - A corrected table for macronuclear assortment in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. PMID- 805758 TI - Gene flow and selection in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A marked genetic differentiation to the presence of alcohol in the environment has been shown to occur between inside cellar and adjacent outside sections of a vineyard population of D. melanogaster (McKenzie and Parsons 1974). Estimates of migration during the vintage period suggest considerable movement occurs from outside into the cellar and that the most tolerant genotypes are the most successful migrants. A quantitative model of this system suggests that the selection intensity may not be a limiting factor in maintaining the differentiation. It also suggests that gene flow must be restricted between sections of the population at all but vintage periods if this differentiation is to persist. PMID- 805757 TI - Paternal loss (pal): a meiotic mutant in Drosophila melanogaster causing loss of paternal chromosomes. AB - The effects of a male-specific meiotic mutant, paternal los (pal), in D. melanogaster have been examined genetically. The results indicate the following: (1) When homozygous in males, pal can cause loss, but not nondisjunction, of any chromosome pair. The pal-induced chromosome loss produces exceptional progeny that apparently failed to receive one, or more, paternal chromosomes and, in addition, mosaic progeny during whose early mitotic divisions one or more paternal chromosomes were lost. (2) Only paternally derived chromosomes are lost. (3) Mitotic chromosome loss can occur in homozygous pal+progeny of pal males. (4) Chromosomes differ in their susceptibility to pal-induced loss. The site responsible for the insensitivity vs. sensitivity of the X chromosome to pal mapped to the basal region of the X chromosome at, or near, the centromere. From these results, it is suggested that pal+acts in male gonia to specify a product that is a component of, or interacts with, the centromeric region of chromosomes and is necessary for the normal segregation of paternal chromosomes. In the presence of pal, defective chromosomes are produced and these chromosomes tend to get lost during the early cleavage divisions of the zygote. (5) The loss of heterologous chromosome pairs is not independent; there are more cases of simultaneous loss of two chromosomes than expected from independence. Moreover, an examination of cases of simultaneous somatic loss of two heterologs reveals an asymmetry in the early mitotic divisions of the zygote such that when two heterologs are lost at a somatic cleavage division, almost invariably one daughter nucleus fails to get either, and the other daughter nucleus receives its normal chromosome complement. It is suggested that this asymmetry is not a property of pal but is rather a normal process that is being revealed by the mutant. (6) The somatic loss of chromosomes in the progeny of pal males allows the construction of fate maps of the blastoderm. Similar fate maps are obtained using data from gynandromorphs and from marked Y chromosome (nonsexually dimorphic) mosaics. PMID- 805759 TI - [Experimental assays on the effect of subtoxic doses of dipterex and metasistox on pregnant animals, embryos and the fate of fetuses]. PMID- 805760 TI - [Acid-base balance parameters and the anerobic glycolysis in fetal blood in the perinatal period in cases of Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 805761 TI - Physical growth of cebus monkeys (Cebus albifrons) during the first year of life. AB - Infannt cebus monkeys, removed from their mothers shortly after birth, were reared in a primate nursery on diets of controlled nutritional quality. At regular intervals between birth and one year of age, each monkey was anesthetized, measured, and radiographed. Measurements were fitted to functions of the animal's age in days; a linear function for the first 6 to 8 weeks and a logarithmic function for the remainder of the first year. Mean constant curves have been calculated for each measure and estimates of animal variability have been obtained by interpolating sizes at given ages from regression lines fitted to the data for each animal. The maximum rate of growth was attained soon after birth. Cranial-caudal and distal-proximal maturity gradients in size attainment were observed. PMID- 805762 TI - Distal humerus in hominoid evolution. AB - Multivariate analysis of 16 measurements of the distal humerus in samples of hominoids, cercopithecoids, Tertiary hominoid fossils, and early hominids shows the following results: (1) there is a substantial and functionally interpretable difference between the distal humerus of cercopithecoids and hominoids (excluding Hylobates); (2) the Tertiary hominoid fossils resemble the cercopithecoids more than the hominoids although they are in some ways intermediate; (3) the hominid fossil from Kanapoi resembles Homo sapiens very closely; (4) the Kromdraai humerus is intermediate in shape between Pan and other hominoids; and (5) the large fossil hominid from East Rudolf (KNM-ER 739) is unique among the hominoids. PMID- 805763 TI - Feeding behaviour of red colobus and black and white colobus in East Africa. AB - The feeding behaviour of one troop of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) was observed between August 1969 and June 1970 in the Gombe National Park. Similar observations were made on two troops of red colobus and two of black and white colobus (C. guereza uellensis) in Kibale Forest Reserve, Uganda, between August and October 1970. The red colobus at Gombe were highly selective in their choice of food, feeding on the leaves, shoots, flowers and fruit of a wide variety of tree species. The animals appeared to choose a varied diet, eating different foods in different feeding bouts on the same day. The amount of time which they spent feeding on different foods varied seasonally, usually in association with changes in food availability. Different parts of the animals' range provided them with different kinds of food. The feeding behaviour of the red colobus troops at Kibale was similar to that of the Bombe troop. In contrast, black and white colobus at Kibale fed almost exclusively on mature leaves during at least one period of the year and fed largely on two tree species only. These differences in feeding behaviour may explain why red colobus live in large troops in large ranges whiel black and white colobus live in small troops in small ranges. PMID- 805764 TI - An approach to the interpretation of the communicative meaning of visual signals in agonistic behavior of squirrel monkeys. AB - The repertoire of the visually recognizable agonistice signals of the squirrel monkey can be divided up into classes in such a manner that elements of the same class have a similar, and elements of different classes a different communicative meaning. The differences between these classes are described using quantitative values. An attempt is made to derive clues from these differences for an interpretation of the communicative meaning of the individual classes. The admissibility of the criteria used and the question of the general validity of the quantitative values are discussed. PMID- 805765 TI - The influence of selective logging on primates and some other animals in East Kalimantan. AB - A brief survey was conducted in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, to determine the influence of selective logging operations on primate populations. Data were also collected on some birds and squirrels. Selective logging that causes only moderate habitat disturbance does not seem to result in a significant decrease in the densities of several primate species. Whereas some species adjust readily to moderately disturbed habitats, other species may have difficulty in maintaining a breeding population in logged areas. A review of the literature plus our own data suggest that rain forest birds and squirrels seem to be the most disrupted by selective logging of their habitats. While some of the other mammals are directly harmed by selective logging, others are endangered only by the human encroachment that often follows. Suggestions regarding enlightened tropical forestry practices, additional studies of the influence of selective logging, and the establishment of forest preservation areas are also discussed. PMID- 805766 TI - Re-evaluation of the morphocline of molar appearance in the primates. AB - Study of sequences of dental development and eruption of extant and applicable fossil prosimians, as well as similar data available on Anthropoidea and insectivores, indicates that the ancestral primate stock was characterized by the initial appearance of the anterior dentition, not the molars. From this primitive condition two morphoclines, not one, can be defined with the sharing of derived character states indicating sister-group relationships between Galaginae and Cheriogaleinae and between Lepilemur, Megaladapis, and Adapidae. PMID- 805767 TI - 'Gelbsilber' rabbits: a closed colony of high responders to the lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH-H4. Possible mechanisms controlling the response. AB - 'Gelbsilber' (GS) rabbits which had been maintained for an unknown time as a closed colony, were found to respond uniformly well to the pig lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the H4 type (P-LDH-H4), to which most New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits produced no detectable antibody. Two to three per cent of the splenic lymphoid cells of GS rabbits after secondary immunization were found to produce antibody to P-LDH-H4, while no such cells were detected in NZW rabbits. No differences were detected between the electrophoretic mobility of endogenous LDH of GS and NZE rabbits. The immunoglobulins of GS rabbits were heterogeneous with respect to immunoglobulin light and heavy chain allotypes. It was concluded that in GS rabbits the response to LDH-H4 is controlled by and Ir gene and that these animals might be useful in studying the genetic control of the immune response in rabbits. PMID- 805768 TI - Effect of T-cell depletion on the growth of BCG in the mouse footpad. AB - The growth of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG Montreal) and M. tuberculosis Erdman was determined in normal and T-cell depleted (THXB) mice when injected subcutaneously into a hind footpad. The bacilli multiplied only to a limited extent within the footpad itself but the infection quickly spread to the draining popliteal lymph node to eventually reach the liver, spleen and lung. The amount of systemic growth seen in the THXB mice was 10-100 times greater than in the normal controls, all of which developed a tuberculin hypersensitivity and an immune response in 14-18 days. T-cell depletion completely inhibited the expression of tuberculin sensitivity by the infected host as well as ablating the antituberculous response against both the vaccinating BCG population and a superinfecting Erdman challenge inoculum. Incorporation studies in the THXB mice indicated a striking reduction in cell division within the draining lymph node but there was an unexpected elevation in the level of incorporation by the lung cells as the BCG infection progressed. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the possible use of the BCG footpad model for studies of leprosy immunity. PMID- 805769 TI - Reactions of anti-bee venom mouse reagins and other antibodies with related antigens. AB - Reaginic type antibodies, as well as gamma G1 and hemagglutinating antibodies were raised in mice following bee venom immunization. The optimal immunizing dose was 1 mug bee venom in 1 mg A1(OH)3 gel. All antibodies were specific for bee venom and failed to react to yellow jacket and hornet venoms or to bee, wasp, yellow jacket and hornet whole body extracts. PMID- 805770 TI - Effects of anesthesia, surgery and inflammation upon host defense mechanisms. I. Effects upon the complement system. AB - Complement protein levels and C7 hemolytic activity were measured in four individuals following anesthesia and surgery, and in a group of 20 patients with inflammatory diseases. Seven of the eight complement components studied characteristically were elevated, most dramatically C1s and C3PA. Elevation of C1s often was greater than elevation of C1q, displaying an independent variation of C1s and C1q in both postoperative and inflammatory disease patient groupds. The major increases of C components were seen subsequent to the peak C-reactive protein response, as was the occurrence of the 'reactor state', a propensity to formation of C56 which surprisingly was associated with increased levels of C7. Levels of properdin frequently were reduced postoperatively. It is concluded that multiple complement components, with the notable exception of properdin, respond as acute phase reactants which are elevated and changed in proportion postoperatively and during inflammatory disease. PMID- 805772 TI - Oral antrostomy. AB - Removal of localized polypous maxillary sinus membrane is, in our opinion, occasionally indicated in conjunction with surgical closure of oroantral communication. An alternative to nasal antrostomy is presented in this paper. Packing the maxillary sinus with gauze to prevent the collection of blood and to secure drainage is achieved by carrying the end of the gauze strip subperiosteally and through the vertical incision in the anterior part of the vestibule. This technique was applied in the treatment of the 12 patients included in this study. All of these were treated as outpatients. At follow-up visits after 2 months to 1 years, all patients were found to be without symptoms or complaints. PMID- 805773 TI - A clinical-radiographic study of allogenic demineralized dentin implants in cystic jaw cavities. AB - Different implantation materials have been used in cystic cavities in the jaws to accentuate and enhance healing following enucleation. No material has proved to be ideal. In the present study, allogenic demineralized dentin was used in a group of patients with jaw cysts. The observation period varied from 6 to 66 months. The dentin group (33 cases) appeared to have somewhat more immediate postoperative symptoms than the control group (37 cases), but had a lower incidence of operational defects and higher incidence of complete healing of the cyst cavity on radiographic examination. PMID- 805771 TI - A stereosialographic study of developmental mandibular bone defects (Stafne's idiopathic bone cavities). AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate with the aid of stereosialography and orthopantomography, the connection between developmental mandibular bone defects and the submandibular salivary gland. In sialographies on seven patients, there were two cases in which the contrast medium was found, with certainty, to fill the lobe of the submandibular salivary gland in the area of the bone defect. In four cases the contrast medium ended in the immediate vicinity of the defect. In one case no conclusive result was obtained. The results of the study suggest that the developmental mandibular bone defect and the lobe of the submandibular salivary gland being in close contact with the lingual surface of the mandible have a probable etiologic causal connection, at least in a number of cases. PMID- 805774 TI - Tattoo marking for registration of relapse after oral vestibuloplasty. AB - A simple method for registering extension and relapse after vestibuloplasty based upon tattoo marking has been developed. Tattoo marking with autoclaved India ink was tested on 10 rats and seems to be harmless. This method is considered an alternative to other numerical expressions of extension and relapse after vestibuloplasty, such as radiocephalometrics and analysis of standardized impressions and castings. PMID- 805775 TI - An investigation into the mechanism of "locking" in the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD). AB - Locking of the temporomandibular joint is often attributed to uncoordinated muscle activity and muscle spasm. A simple experiment has been devised to test the hypothesis that locking occurs when uncoordinated elevator muscle tension (temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid) precedes and interferes with the opening action of the lateral pterygoid muscle. By asking the patients with manifest locking to protrude prior to maximal opening (protrude-open maneuver, POM) a highly significant increase of mouth opening was found over that produced by simple maximal opening (MO). No significant difference was found in a group of patients with myofascial pain as their only symptom, or in a group of healthy controls, suggesting that pain does not contribute to the mechanism of locking. PMID- 805777 TI - Letter: Differences between Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species D.simulans to radioresistance using isofemale strains from natural populations. PMID- 805776 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma with bilateral involvement of both jaws. AB - The etiology of eosinophilic granuloma remains an enigma. An unusual case of eosinophilic granuloma in a 7-year-old girl is reported. Throughout a 3-year period different foci of the disease were manifested in the osseous and gingival tissues of the four quadrants of the oral cavity. The lesions appeared consistently with the eruption of the permanent teeth. The primary lesions were diagnosed microscopically as a "mesenchymal tumor", "chronic nonspecific inflammation", and a "follicular cyst". However, histologic examination of the later developed lesions supported the diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma with a possibility of evolution into Hand-Schuller-Christian's disease. Satisfactory control was achieved by curettage and radiotherapy. PMID- 805778 TI - A cell culture approach to the study of anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 805779 TI - Regulation of microtubules in Tetrahymena. PMID- 805781 TI - Cromolyn sodium: a new approach to treatment of asthma. PMID- 805782 TI - [Studies of tsh before and after trh stimulation in mild goiter and recurrent goiter]. PMID- 805780 TI - [Radioimmunologic methods of drug analysis]. PMID- 805784 TI - Projectile expectoration associated with an esophageal diverticulum in a cow. AB - An adult Milking Shorthorn cow developed a pulsion diverticulum of the esophagus, close to the esophageal hiatus. Clinical signs were loss of condition and projectile expectoration of chewed ingesta, as far as 2 m, accomplished by forceful expiration clearing the regurgitated ingesta from the pharynx. The lesion was detected by digital palpation through the cardia, via a rumenotomy incision. PMID- 805783 TI - Nutrition and bovine neurologic disease. PMID- 805785 TI - Effects of source on copper uptake by swine. PMID- 805786 TI - Somatostatin: its influence on plasma levels of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin in sheep. PMID- 805787 TI - Quantitative analysis of affinity chromatography of trypsin. A new technique for investigation of protein-ligand interaction. PMID- 805788 TI - Proceedings: Anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody and its specificity. PMID- 805789 TI - Patterns of basal body addition in ciliary rows in Tetrahymena. AB - Most naked basal bodies visualized in protargol stains on the surface of Tetrahymena are new basal bodies which have not yet developed cilia. The rarity of short cilia is explained by the rapid development of the ciliary shaft once it begins to grow. The high frequency of naked basal bodies (about 50 percent) in log cultures indicates that the interval between assembly of the basal body and the initiation of the cilium is long, approximately a full cell cycle. Naked basal bodies are more frequent in the mid and posterior parts of the cell and two or more naked basal bodies may be associated with one ciliated basal body in these regions. Daughter cells produced at division are apparently asymmetric with respect to their endowment of new and old organelles. PMID- 805791 TI - Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in chlorinated phenols by mass fragmentography. AB - A rapid, highly specific method for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in pentachlorophenol and other chlorinated phenols is described. The rapid sample preparation procedure includes an alkaline extraction of phenolic compounds and chromatography of the neutral substances on an alumina micro-column. After gas chromatographic separation, individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are detected and quantified by mass fragmentography. The sample purification procedure removes polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls and benzenes, phthalates and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (predioxins), which might otherwise severely interfere in the analysis. Significant levels of hexa-, hepta- and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and of hexa-, hepta- and octachlorodibenzofuran were found in two commercial products. PMID- 805790 TI - The fate and origin of the nuclear envelope during and after mitosis in Amoeba proteus. I. Synthesis and behavior of phospholipids of the nuclear envelope during the cell life cycle. AB - The synthesis and behavior of Amoeba proteus nuclear envelope (NE) phospholipids were studied. Most NE phospholipid synthesis occurs during G2 and little during mitosis or S. (A. proteus has no G1 phase). Autoradiographic observations after implantation of [3-H] choline nuclei into unlabeled cells reveal little turnover of NE phospholipid during interphase but during mitosis all the label is dispersed through the cytoplasm. Beginning at telophase all the label is dispersed through the cytoplasm. Beginning at telophase all the NE phospholipid label returns to the daughter NEs. This observation, along with the finding that no NE phospholipid synthesis occurs during mitosis or S, indicates that no de novo NE phospholipid production is required for newly forming NEs. Similarlyemetine, at concentrations that inhibit 97 percent of protein synthesis, does not prevent the post mitotic formation of NEs, suggesting that previously manufactured proteins are used in making new NEs. If a nucleus containing labeled NE phospholipids is transplanted into an unlabeled nucleate cell and the cell is allowed to grow and divide, the resultant four nuclei are equally labeled. This finding supports, but does not prove (see next paragraph), the conclusion that there probably is no continuity of the A. proteus NE during mitosis. When a phospholipid-labeled nucleus is implanted into a cell in mitosis, the grafted nucleus is not induced to enter mitosis. There is, however, a marked increase in the turnover of that nucleus's NE phospholipids with no apparent breakdown of the NE; this indicated that the mitotic cytoplasm possesses a factor that stimulates NE phospholipid exchange with the cytoplasm. That enhanced turnover is not accompanied by visible structural alteration makes less certain the earlier conclusion that no NE continuity exists during mitosis. Perhaps the most important finding in this study is that there are present, at restricted times in the cell cycle, factors capable of inducing accelerated exchange of structural components without microscopically detectable disruptions of structure. PMID- 805792 TI - Adsorption liquid chromatography of DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 805793 TI - Pituitary hormonal reserve in patients presenting hyperprolactinemia, intrasellar masses, and amenorrhea without galactorrhea. AB - The pituitary release of gonadotropins, prolactin, and TSH after the simultaneous intravenous administration of 50 mug LH-RH was 400 mug TRH was evaluated in 7 amenorrheic women with sellar enlargement and hyperprolactinemia. It was found that only minimal amounts of LH and FSH were released by LH-RH. All patients had elevated serum prolactin levels but TRH administration elicited negligible release of prolactin. This was in contrast to the normal TSH response to TRH in most of these women. It is concluded that intrasellar masses may be associated with hyperprolactinemia which does not necessarily cause galactorrhea and that impaired gonadotropin reserve correlates with the presence of amenorrhea. PMID- 805794 TI - Pituitary unresponsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in thyrotoxic patients during chronic anti-thyroid drug therapy and in rats previously treated with excess thyroid hormone. AB - In an attempt to study pituitary-thyroid feedback control in thyrotoxic patients, TRH tests were performed in 10 thyrotoxic patients who were treated for varying intervals with propylthiouracil. Plasma TSH was undetectable before and after administration of 500 mug TRH in 7 patients (euthyroid or hypothyroid) after therapy for 1 to 4 months. Also, plasma TSH was undetectable before and after TRH in 3 patients who had been euthyroid for at least 6 months. To explore this abnormality, rats were made thyrotoxic by administering large doses of thyroxine or desiccated thyroid for 3 to 28 days. Discontinuation of thyroid hormone administration was followed by a significant but temporary fall of plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration below control levels. Duration of the low plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration was longer with the prolonged administration of thyroid hormone. Despite low plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations, plasma TSH was below normal before and after administration of TRH. This unresponsiveness of the pituitary to TRH may be comparable to that found in thyrotoxic patients receiving antithyroid drugs for a certain period. Since this pituitary unresponsiveness to TRH in rats is due to a depletion of pituitary TSH content, it is suggested that depletion of pituitary TSH in thyrotoxic patients during antithyroid therapy is the cause of pituitary unresponsiveness to TRH. PMID- 805795 TI - Regulation of postocclusive hyperemia by endogenously synthesized prostaglandins in the dog heart. AB - Experiments were performed to evaluate the role of prostaglandin synthesis in the regulation of coronary blood flow in dog hearts. The left main coronary artery was cannulated and flow measured both in otherwise intact animals and in canine heart-lung preparations. Prostaglandin E was measured by radioimmunoassay. Reactive hyperemia (flow after occlusion release) was induced by coronary occlusion for 10, 15, and 20 s and was 39 plus or minus 13 (mean plus or minus SEM), 66 plus or minus 21, and 82 plus or minus 24 ml, respectively. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, reduced reactive hyperemia at 10, 15, and 20 s to 15 plus or minus 5, 33 plus or minus 11, and 47 plus or minus 17 ml, respectively (P smaller than 0.05). Meclofenamate, a different prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, gave similar results. In a second group of five dogs, prostaglandin production of the heart was examined in response to 20-s occlusions. There was a significant increase in prostaglandin production from a basal level of 18.6 plus or minus 4.9 mg/min to 35.3 plus or minus 5.8 ng/min after occlusion of the coronary artery for 20 s (P smaller than 0.05). After indomethacin, this increase in prostaglandin production was not observed and reactive hyperemia was significantly reduced. Thus, prostaglandin synthesis appears to be important to modulating canine coronary blood flow in response to brief periods of coronary occlusion. PMID- 805796 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin on transmural myocardial blood flow in the unanesthetized dog. AB - This study was designed to determin the effect of nitroglycerin upon transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow in the awake dog during normal conditions and in the presence of ischemia-induced coronary vasodilation. Studies were performed in chronically prepared dogs with electromagnetic flowmeters and hydraulic occluders on the left circumflex coronary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow was estimated by using radionuclide-labeled microspheres, 7-10 mum in diameter, injected into the left atrium. During control conditions endocardial flow (0.86 plus or minus SEM 0.05 ml/min per g) slightly exceeded epicardial flow (0.72 plus or minus 0.03 ml/min per g, P smaller than 0.05), and this distribution of flow was not significantly altered by nitroglycerin. After a 5-s coronary artery occlusion, reactive hyperemia occurred with excess inflow of arterial blood effecting 360 plus or minus 15% repayment of the blood flow debt incurred during occlusion. When arterial inflow was limited to the preocclusion rate during coronary vasodilation after a 5-s total coronary artery occlusion, flow to the subepicardial myocardium was increased at the expense of underperfusion of the subendocardial myocardium, and the delayed reactive hyperemia was markedly augmented (mean blood flow debt repayment =775plus or minus 105%, P smaller than 0.01). Tese data suggested that subendocardial underperfusion during the interval of coronary vasodilation in the presence of a flow-limiting proximal coronary artery stenosis caused continuing subendocardial ischemia which resulted in augmentation of the reactive hyperemic response. In this experimental model both the redistribution of myocardial blood flow which occurred during an interval of restricted arterial inflow after a 5-s coronary artery occlusion and augmentation of the subsequent reactive hyperemic response were returned toward normal by nitroglycerin. This effect of nitroglycerin may have resulted, at least in part, from its ability to vasodilate the penetrating arteries which deliver blood from the epicardial surface to the subendocardium. PMID- 805797 TI - Acquired and natural immunity to gonococcal infection in chimpanzees. AB - Despite the fact that gonorrhea is our most common reportable infectious disease, little is known about natural and acquired resistance to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. With the chimpanzee model, which mimics human gonococcal infection in signs, symptoms, and host response, a natural resistance to gonococcal challenge was found. One aspect of this natural resistance became evident when the cervix and oral pharynx resisted more gonococci than the urethra. Natural resistance was also shown when environmental factors were found to influence resistance to gonococcal pharyngitis. In addition to natural resistance a postinfection acquired immunity to the gonococcus was demonstrated. Following gonococcal pharyngitis, this anatomical location successfully resisted more gonococci than were initially resisted. Similarly, more gonococci were successfully resisted in rechallenging the urethra. These findings are related to the clinic situation and suggest possible new approaches to gonorrhea control. PMID- 805799 TI - Methodology and criteria in evaluation of dental endosseous implants. PMID- 805798 TI - Reflections on the reactivity of dental enamel. PMID- 805800 TI - Response of the pulp and dentin to contract with filling materials. PMID- 805801 TI - Current research on oral fluids. PMID- 805802 TI - Decomposition of linoleic acid hydroperoxides. Enzymic reactions compared with nonenzymic. PMID- 805803 TI - Involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the intracellular formation of lipid peroxides. PMID- 805804 TI - Metabolism of carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) in human embryonic lung cell cultures. PMID- 805805 TI - Metabolism of chlorobiphenyls in the goat and cow. PMID- 805806 TI - Carbaryl penetration into and metabolism by alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile pacifica. PMID- 805807 TI - Exercise-induced asthma--clinical, physiological, and therapeutic implications. AB - Exercise provokes acute airways obstruction, maximum shortly after stopping, in virtually all asthmatic patients. The severity of this exercise-induced asthma (EIA) depends upon the type of exercise, with running being the most asthmogenic, swimming and walking the least, and cycling intermediate even with the same metabolic stress. The duration and severity of the exercise also affect the amount of EIA, the maximum amount of being obtained after 6 to 8 min of running hard enough to raise the heart rate to 180 beats per minute (bpm) in children or 140 bpm in adults. EIA is not the result of hyperventilation or blood gas changes and appears to depend on the release of relatively short-lived transmitter agents during the exercise period. EIA can be prevented by premedication with bronchodilators, especially with sympathomimetics. Cromolyn sodium is not a bronchodilator but inhibits EIA in most subjects if given before the exercise. EIA can also be inhibited by atropine and alpha adrenergic blockers in some patients, but by steroids in only a minority of cases. Exercise testing provides a good model for study of the physiology and pharmacology of clinical asthma, and is some guide to prognosis, but it must be properly standardized and the important differences must be appreciated. PMID- 805809 TI - Hyperalimentation and electrolytes. PMID- 805808 TI - Toxicology and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. PMID- 805810 TI - The biliary excretion of cefazolin. AB - The biliary excretion of cefazolin was studied by perfusion of isolated rabbit livers. Under these conditions, 6.7 percent of the amount of cefazolin added to the circulating blood was excreted in bile, and concentrations of drug in bile were significantly higher than concentrations in serum. Biliary excretion of cefazolin was also studied in humans after the intravenous administration of 500 mg of the drug. In 10 normal subjects, maximal concentrations of cefazolin (17.10 plus or minus 8.5 mug/ml) in the fluid obtained by duodenal tubing were attained 1-2 hr after administration of cefazolin. Concentrations were similar in bile collected by external drainage from five cholecystectomized patients (maximal levels, 14.0 plus or minus 4.7 mug/ml) 1-2 hr after injection. Assays during cholecystectomy showed that 1 hr after injection, cefazolin levels were much higher in common duct bile (31 plus or minus 11 mug/ml) than in gallbladder bile (5 plus or minus 2 mug/ml). PMID- 805811 TI - Resistance to infection with Nocardia asteroides. AB - Mechanisms of host resistance to Nocardia asteroides were studied in mice. Two to six weeks after intraperitoneal or intravenous immunization with viable N. asteroides, mice were significantly resistant to intraperitoneal challenge with LD50-100 of N. asteroides in gastric mucin when compared with control (unimmunized) mice (P smaller than 0.03). Resistance could not be transferred to normal mice with serum (1.5 ml administered intraperitoneally) or spleen cells (10-8 cells administered intravenously) from immune donor mice. Peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized with N. asteroides were activated by an in vitro L-cell inhibition assay, and these mice were resistant to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice with infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii or L. monocytogenes--infections producing activated macrophages--were resistant to challenge with N. asteroides. PMID- 805812 TI - Experimental studies of the pathogenesis of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: description of a burned mouse model. AB - An experimental burned mouse model is described that is clinically relevant to burn wound sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mice subjected to a nonlethal burn by flame were challenged with P. aeruginosa. The LD50 after subcutaneous injection in the skin of the burn up to 24 hr after the burn was smaller than 10 organisms vs. 10-6 organisms in normal animals. By three days after the burn, the value returned to and exceeded that of normal animals. This dramatic change in the LD50 after the burn was not seen when mice were challenged with other organisms. Challenge with P. aeruginosa by different routes immediately after burning showed less dramatic decreases in the LD50. Enumeration of infecting organisms in the skin of the burn and in major organs suggests the possibility of a toxic event. PMID- 805813 TI - Isolates of California encephalitis (La Crosse) virus from field-collected eggs and larvae of Aedes triseriatus: identification of the overwintering site of California encephalitis. AB - California encephalitis is caused primarily by La Crosse virus, a mosquito-borne agent of which the vector is the mosquito Aedes triseriatus. Once La Crosse virus has been detected in a given geographical area, observations in the same area during subsequent seasons usually have revealed continuing presence of the virus. Field studies were conducted around the homes of children who had had California encephalitis in an effort to define the mechanism by which the virus survived the winter. Eggs and larvae of A. triseriatus collected from natural breeding sites during the springs and summers of 1972-1974 were processed for viral isolation. Collections made during 1972 and 1973 yielded no virus. Eggs, obtained on April 29, 1974 from a basal tree hole of an American elm located approximately 150 feet from the homes of two children who had had California encephalitis in 1970, contained virus, as did larvae aspirated on May 16, 1974, from the same tree hole. This study in Minnesota confirms previous data from Wisconsin and suggests that La Crosse virus may be passed transovarially in A. triseriatus and may overwinter in the diapause stage of eggs. PMID- 805814 TI - Efficacy of modified human immune serum globulin in the treatment of experimental murine infections with seven immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Modified immune serum globulin, prepared from human immune serum globulin by a nonenzymatic method, is apparently safe for intravenous administration to humans. The efficacy of the preparation was determined in experimental murine infections with seven immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intravenously administered 0.85 percent NaCl, 0.3 m glycine, and 10 percent human albumin did not protect against lethal pseudomonas infection, whereas modified immune serum globulin given by the same route did protect mice. In the mouse protection test, the mean dose of the preparation that saved 50 percent of mice infected with any of eight strains of P. aeruginosa was 480 mg/kg (range, 12-2,333 mg/kg). For five strains the 50 percent effective dose was smaller than 200 mg/kg. There was no correlation between the efficacy of modified immune serum globulin in the mouse protection test and titers of antibody, as determined by bacterial agglutination. Therapy of pseudomonas infection in mice with modified immune serum globulin was followed by a prompt and persistent decrease in the numbers of intraperitoneal bacteria. This finding is consistent with the interpretation that modified immune serum globulin acts primarily as an opsonin and not as an antitoxin. Modified immune serum globulin may prove to be useful in the treatment of human infections. PMID- 805815 TI - Salivary immunoglobulins and streptococcal antibodies in patients with acute rheumatic fever. AB - Evidence of a local immunologic response to recent pharyngeal infection with group A streptococci was sought in 23 patients with acute rheumatic fever. Salivas from these patients were examined and compared with salivas from control subjects. As assayed, both IgG and IgA values ranged between 8 and 170 mg. per 100 ml. in 10-fold concentrated samples of saliva. When these values were corrected for the concentration of the samples and for the use of serum IgA standards, the following mean values were obtained: for patients with acute rheumatic fever, IgG was 4.5 mg. per 100 ml. and IgA was 8.7 mg. per 100 ml.; for control subjects, IgG was 5.0 mg per 100 ml. and IgA was 9.9 mg. per 100 ml. IgM was present in amounts of 1 to 2 mg. per 100 ml. in 2 patients and 7 control subjects. Antistreptolysin O titers correlated with amounts of IgG in the saliva samples while antihyaluronidase, antigroup A carbohydrate, and antiteichoic acid titers did not. None of the antibody titers correlated with the IgA content of the saliva samples. Furthermore, saliva antibody titers did not differ between patients with acute rheumatic fever and control subjects. PMID- 805816 TI - Studies of the alternate pathway in chelated serum. AB - Activation of the alternate pathway in chelated serum by cobra venom factor (Co F), endotoxin of Escherichia coli, inulin, and zymosan was studied by immunoelectroprhoresis, radial immunodiffusion, and complement fixation tests. In serum chelated by 10 mM EGTA and 10 mM MgCl-2 (10 mM MgEGTA) activation by the classical pathway was blocked, but activation of C3PA and C3 occurred normally. By radial immunodiffusion assay, consumption of C3 and properdin was demonstrated to be similar to consumption in nonchelated sera. By immunoelectrophoresis, C3PA and C3 were shown to be activated by CoF in serum chelated with 6 mM but not with 10 mM EGTA without added Mg++. Inulin and endotoxin did not result in activation of either C3PA or C3, while C3PA but not C3 was activated by zymosan in the presence of 10 mM EGTA without Mg++ added. Consumption of properdin and C3, measured by radial immunodiffusion, was inhibited by 6 to 10 mM EGTA following activation by inulin, but not following activation by zymosan. The usefulness of 10 mM MgEGTA-chelated serum for the selective investigation of the alternate pathway in chemotaxis was demonstrated. PMID- 805817 TI - The effect of heparin and EDTA on the NBT test. AB - Heparin precipitates nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the absence of protein (plasma). This NBT-heparin precipitate, when presented to neutrophils, results in NBT scores higher than those obtained with NBT in solution. It is postulated that the high NBT scores obtained with increasing heparin concentrations are due to increased NBT precipitation and hence increased phagocytosis. It is proposed that the variability of NBT scores obtained when heparin is used as the anticoagulant is related to the amount of precipitate formed and to inhibition of phagocytosis by excess heparin. EDTA, in the presence of plasma and NBT, forms a precipitate consisting of protein and little, if any, NBT. In the presence of EDTA, NBT scores are lower than those obtained with heparin. EDTA, at concentrations used to prevent coagulation, inhibits phagocytosis and this could explain the low NBT scores. These observations provide a mechanism for entry of NBT dye into neutrophils and may help explain the inconsistent results found in both normal and disease states. PMID- 805818 TI - Proceedings: Measurable effects of low concentrations (100 fg/ml) of thyrotrophin releasing hormone. PMID- 805819 TI - Proceedings: Thyrotropin releasing factor and prolactin release in the pigeon in vivo. PMID- 805820 TI - Proceedings: Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with disodium ethane-1-hydroxy 1,1-diphosphonate. PMID- 805821 TI - On the mode of action of hydroxyproline in Drosophila development. AB - Hydroxyproline (OHP) fed to Drosophila larvae is known to impair the ability of pupae to evert cephalic structures and leg and wing discs. In order to gain insight into the metabolic basis of OHP action we have investigated the effects of combined feeding of OHP and several compounds. Proline, glucosamine HCl, and N acetyl glucosamine considerably reduced the extent of morphological defects of OHP, while alanine and sodium glutamate were less effective. Glutamine and glutathione did not reduce the effects of OHP. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that OHP may indirectly interfere with cuticle synthesis. PMID- 805823 TI - A new behavioral bioassay for an analysis of sexual attraction and pheromones in insects. AB - Drosophila melanogaster gynandromorphs were introduced into a mating chamber containing two wild type males. From the differential courtship responses of these males it could be concluded that the only important factor which enables a male to distinguish between conspecific males and females and to direct persistent courtship only toward females is tissue composition of females. This fact is interpreted in terms of a female-specific sex pheromone. Most of this pheromone is produced by cells whose precursors on the blastoderm surface are very close to, or identical with, the blastoderm precursors of the tergites. Some of this pheromone is probably produced by cells whose precursors are very close to, or identical with, the precursors of the sternites and thorax. PMID- 805822 TI - Form and pattern in ciliated protozoa: analysis of a genic mutant with altered cell shape in Tetrahymena pyriformis, Syngen 1. AB - A single cell isolated from the sexual progeny of mutagenized parents gave rise to a clone of cells with an abnormal, conical shape. Breeding analysis revealed that this shape results from the action of a single recessive gene, co (conical). Homozygous mutant cells are shorter and wider than wild type cells, and have their widest point at a more posterior position. Nonetheless, cortical parameters such as number of ciliary rows, number of ciliary units within these rows, and positions of contractile vacuole pores remain essentially unchanged in conical cells, suggesting a considerable degree of mutual independence of pattern and form. Shape changes prior to cell division bring about some convergence in form of dividing conical and wild type cells. However, in conical cells the new oral apparatus and fission line form well posterior to the cell equator, so the opisthes are invariably smaller than proters. Macronuclei nonetheless undergo constriction at the normal central location, and the characteristic inequality in the DNA content of the two macronuclear division products is not increased by the conical condition. Generation times are, on the average, nearly the same in the two wild type daughter cells and in conical proters, while the small conical opisthes have generation times averaging one-third longer. This prolongation explains why population doubling times are always somewhat longer in cultures of conical cells than in parallel cultures of wild type cells. The unusually long generation times of conical opisthes allows for the compensation of initial size differences. Observations on shape changes in conjugating cells of various genotypic combinations suggest that the wild type gene product is not freely exchangeable across the conjugation bridge. The implications of the conical phenotype for problems of cellular patterning and positioning of organelle systems are considered in the discussion. PMID- 805824 TI - Biological activities of allergenic materials. (III) Alcohol precipitations of soybean antigens. PMID- 805825 TI - A numerical taxonomic study of coryneform and related bacteria. AB - Two hundred and thirty-three strains of coryneform bacteria, including representatives of the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Jensenia, Kurthia, Listeria, Microbacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Propionibacterium and other related bacteria, were studied using 173 morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The bacteria were grown on a soil extract medium which allowed growth of all the strains, and all were incubated at 30 degrees C. The results were subjected to computer analysis. The majority of the strains grouped into eight main clusters representing: (A) Lactobacillus, Listeria, Microbacterium thermosphactum and Streptococcus faecalis; (B) Erysipelothrix and Streptococcus pyogenes; (C) animal corynebacteria and Microbacterium flavum; (D) Cellulomonas and related bacteria; (E) Propionibacterium; (F) Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Kurthia and Mycobacterium rhodochrous; (G) plant pathogenic corynebacteria; (H) Nocardia. Based on these clusters, several recommendations are made regarding the classification of the coryneform area. (i) The members of clusters A and B at present placed in the Corynebacteriaceae would seem better moved to the Lactobacillaceae. (ii) The genus Corynebacterium would best be retained for the types species C. diphtheriae, closely related animal corynebacteria and Micro. flavum. (iii) Cellulomonas and Propionibacterium are distinct taxa more closely related to Corynebacterium than to either Arthrobacter or Lactobacillus. (iv) Clusters F and G are evidently heterogeneous. In particular the positions of Kurthia and the plant pathogenic corynebacteria are unclear. Arthrobacter is a large loose taxon and it is premature to decide on its taxonomic rank. The genus Brevibacterium should be retained for B. linens and closely related strains. (v) The cellulolytic forms of Nocardia should be removed from the genus; they are however quite distinct from Cellulomonas. PMID- 805828 TI - Letter: nasal congestion as a side effect of cromolyn sodium in a pediatric patient. PMID- 805827 TI - Plasma amino acid patterns during supplemental intravenous nutrition of low-birth weight infants. AB - In 42 low-birth-weight infants (smaller than 1,200 gm), we have compared the effects of intravenous nutrition supplement versus conventional feedings on growth, morbidity, mortality, and plasma amino acid patterns. Despite similar total caloric intake in INS and control groups, weight gain was greater in the INS infants. The overall mortality rate did not differ in the two groups. Nonsurviving infants receiving INS lived longer (mean equal to 30 days) than nonsurviving CON infants (mean equal to 5 days). Complications were equally frequent in both groups except that hyperglycemia occurred more often in infants receiving INS. The plasma aminogram of the LBW infant is described and compared to those of the full-term infant and adult. Hypoaminoacidemia was present at birth in the LBW infants, concentrations of glutamine, alamine, glycine, histidine, and ornithine being significantly (P smaller than 0.05) below FT values. During INS, elevations of threonine, serine, and methionine above FT values occurred. Glutamine remained subnormal despite INS. Recommendations for an INS solution more suitable for use in LBW infants are presented. PMID- 805826 TI - Aspartylglucosaminuria: psychomotor retardation masquerading as a mucopolysaccharidosis. AB - A 5-year-old girl with coarse facies, visceromegaly, and vacuolated lymphocytes is presented as the first case of aspartylglucosaminuria diagnosed in this country. This metabolic defect in glycoprotein catabolism can be clinically confused with other storage diseases such as the mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. It is not diagnosed by routine laboratory screening methods. Special studies are required to confirm the diagnosis, but a thin-layer chromatography method for screening urine is presented for use when the diagnosis is suspected. The developmental potential in this inborn error of metabolism is documented. PMID- 805829 TI - Letter: Severe lead poisoning in a 6-month-old infant. PMID- 805830 TI - Letter: A plea for conservative therapy in congenital chylothorax. PMID- 805831 TI - Isospora ohioensis sp. n. proposed for I. rivolta of the dog. AB - A new name, Isospora ohioensis, is proposed for I. rivolta-like oocysts from dog feces. The name I. rivolta is retained for the cat species. The structure of the oocysts of I. ohioensis is described from a cloned culture of oocysts. Oocysts are 24 by 21 mum, sporocysts 17 by 12 mum, and sporozoites 10 by 3 mum. In cross infection experiments none of 6 coccidia-free dogs shed oocysts after consuming feline I. rivolota, and none of 4 coccidia-free cat shed oocysts after eating canine I. rivolta. PMID- 805832 TI - Stability study of nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. AB - Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets were studied over a 1-year period to determine tablet stability in terms of loss of strength, uniformity of tablets, and degradation of the drug itself. Tablets from six different firms were analyzed by a semiautomated procedure. The samples included two molded tablets and four compressed tablets, ranging in age at the time of initial assay from 40 days to over 1 year. The results indicated that there is a loss of strength of nitroglycerin tablets and that refrigeration slows down this loss. The study also indicated that these tablets were stable during the year of testing in terms of tablet uniformity and degradation of nitroglycerin. PMID- 805833 TI - Automated method for determining calcium disodium edetate in iodinated contrast media parenterals. AB - An automated method, based on the chelating reaction of calcium disodium edetate with zirconium and the subsequent determination of excess zirconium reacted with xylenol orange, was developed. The procedure is applicable to parenterals consisting of iodinated contrast media. Familiar modules of an automated analyzer were used, but the method can be performed manually if the sample load does not warrant automation. The pH should be controlled between 0.3 and 0.5. No interferences were encountered. Twenty samples per hour can be run on prepared sample solutions. The precision of a single determination, at the 95% confidence level was plus or minus 0.008 mg/ml with a limit of detection near 0.40 mg/ml. PMID- 805834 TI - Antitubercular activity of substituted 5-oxo-1-thiocarbamoyl-3-pyrazoline-4 alkanoic acid derivatives. AB - Several novel pyrazolin-5-ones prepared by the cyclization of variously substituted thiosemicarbazone derivatives of ethyl formylsuccinate, ethyl acetylsuccinate, and ethyl acetylglutarate were tested for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human type, strain H37Rv, by a tube dilution technique. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for these derivatives ranged from 0.05 to 100 mug/ml. The most active compound was ethyl 3-methyl-1 methylthiocarbamoyl-5-oxo-3-pyrazoline-4-acetate (MIC=0.05-0.1 mug/ml). PMID- 805835 TI - Letter: Phenol formation from alkylparabens by bacteria. PMID- 805837 TI - Effects of adapting lights on the time course of the receptor potential of the anuran retinal rod. AB - 1. The intracellular receptor potential of the retinal rod cell was recorded in the unperfused, isolated retina of Rana catesbiana and in the perfused, isolated retina of Bufo marinus. Qualitatively, the responses from the two preparations were similar. 2. The rate at which the receptor potential returned to the dark level at the termination of a pulse of light (Voff) was measured at a fixed potential chosen to be about 0-6 of the way from the dark level to the peak of the response. 3. When the light intensity was such that less than about 10-minus 5 of the photopigment was bleached per second, Voff increased as the duration of the pulse was increased, reaching a maximum in 50-100 s. 4. When a brief test flash was presented at various intervals after an adapting pulse lasting about 50 s, Voff for the test flash was greater than the value in the dark adapted state for times up to about 80 s after the adapting pulse. 5. It has been hypothesized that in the vertebrate rod light causes release from the disk sacs of particles which block conducting channels in the surface membrane (Yoshikami & Hagins, 1971, 1973). A modification is proposed in which the blocking particles are converted to an inactive state can be increased by light adaptation. 6. This modified hypothesis will account qualitatively for the further observations that (a) during the response to illumination lasting several seconds the membrane potential recovers part of the way to the dark level and (b) if a second light pulse is superimposed on this background illumination then after the superimposed pulse the depolarization is increased. PMID- 805836 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the actions of pentobarbital and other centrally acting drugs. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was found to antagonize pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and hypothermia. While 3 to 100 mg/kg of TRH reduced pentobarbital sleeping time when administered prior to the barbiturate, a dose-response relationship to TRH could not be established. However, doses of 10 to 100 mg/kg of TRH enhanced the lethality of pentobarbital when these compounds were administered simultaneously. Thyrotropin or L-triiodothyronine did not imitate and hypophysectomy did not reduce the effects of TRH, indicating that the pituitary is not essential for its antagonism of pentobarbital. Studies of TRH analogs provided further support of this view. In addition, TRH reduced the sleep and hypothermia produced by thiopental, amobarbital, secobarbital and phenobarbital, and it antagonized the hypothermia and reduced motor activity produced by chloral hydrate, reserpine, chlorpromazine and diazepam. Intracisternally administered TRH also reduced pentobarbital sleeping time and hypothermia, but melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor and somatostatin administered by this route did not. While reduction of pentobarbital sleeping time by TRH could not be attributed to an affect on monoamine systems or to deamidated TRH, this action was reduced by intracisternally administered atropine, suggesting that cholinergic mechanisms may contribute to the effects of TRH. Thus, the results provide evidence that TRH acts on brain independent of an effect on the pituitary. PMID- 805839 TI - Editorial: Fetal research. PMID- 805838 TI - Sodium fluxes in single amphibian oocytes: further studies and a new model. AB - 1. The kinetics of Na efflux were studied in oocytes of Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria and R. pipiens. 2. Rate constants for Na efflux into Ringer solution varied from 0-002 min-minus 1 to 0-017 min-minus 1 and did not vary significantly from one species to another. 3. Na efflux is rapidly reduced by 30-50% on removing external K or applying ouabain but is reduced by 90% on cooling to 0 degrees C. The effects of K and cooling are also rapidly reversible. 4. Substitution of external Na by Li produces a slow decline of Na efflux. Reversal on restoring external Na is, however, rapid even in the presence of ouabain. 5. When external Na is replaced by Li in the presence of ouabain, the normal decline in Na efflux does not occur. 6. When external Na has been replaced by Li, application of ouabain causes little or no further decline in Na efflux. 7. These results are interpreted quantitatively by means of a model which proposes that intracellular membrane-bounded channels (IMBC) contain 10-30% of the intracellular Na and provide a channel for its expulsion from the cell via connexions with the cell surface. It is supposed that Na is expelled actively from the cytoplasm into the IMBC as well as at the cell surface. Na expulsion via the IMBC is supposed to be insensitive to external K or ouabain. This model accounts for the results using parameters consistent with other investigations by autoradiography and Na-sensitive micro-electrodes. 8. Preliminary electron micrographic evidence shows channels which appear to lead from the cell surface into the cytoplasm and which may correspond with the proposed IMBC of the model. PMID- 805840 TI - Effects of age at carcinogen administration and exposure as neonates to 17beta estradiol on subsequent gland-pair distribution of murine mammary dysplasias. AB - The distribution of mammary dysplasias in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated BALB/c female mice differed with respect to the position of mammary gland pairs. The time of life when DMBA was given affected the incidence of lesions more than it did their distribution. Giving neonates injections of 49 mug 17beta estradiol for the first 5 days of life resulted in increased numbers of dysplasia after DMBA administration at certain ages, but there was no consistent effect on gland-pair distribution of dysplasias at those ages. Possible reasons for differential gland-pair growth and occurrence of dysplasia are discussed. PMID- 805841 TI - Cytokinetic studies of the effects of activated macrophages on tumor target cells. AB - The kinetics of the in vitro interaction between activated mouse macrophages and tumor target cells were studied in Swiss-Webster female mice with the use of the inhibition of uptake of tritiated thymidine by target cells as a quantitative measure of macrophage-effected cytostasis. Unlike the normal macrophage, the individual activated macrophage had an enhanced capacity to inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor target cells. Such cytostasis appeared to result from direct contact between activated macrophages and target cells. Culture conditions discouraging direct contact caused little or no cytostasis, regardless of the ratio of macrophages to target cells. When culture conditions favored direct contact between effector cells and target cells, cytostasis was markedly increased if the ratio of macrophages to target cells was raised. PMID- 805843 TI - Editorial: Schools for parents. PMID- 805842 TI - Placental function tests by blood analysis. PMID- 805844 TI - The surveillance of protein-calorie malnutrition by simple and economical means (a report to UNICEF). PMID- 805845 TI - Transfection of Escherichia coli spheroplasts. VI. Transfection of nonpermissive spheroplasts by T5 and BF23 bacteriophage DNA carrying amber mutations in DNA transfer genes. AB - DNA was extracted from T5 and BF23 phage carrying amber mutations in genes A2, A1, or D9 and tested for its ability to transfect su minus spheroplasts. DNA from T5 am231, defective in gene A2, transfects Escherichia coli su minus recB minus spheroplasts with an efficiency of 16% of that of wild-type T5 DNA, whereas DNA from T5 am16d or BF23 am57, both defective in gene A1 or its equivalent, transfects E. coli su minus recB minus spheroplasts with an efficiency of 1.4% of that of wild-type T5 DNA, provided E. coli su+ bacteria is used as the indicator in all cases. More than 95% of the progeny from the am231, am16d, and am57 DNA that transfects su minus recB minus spheroplasts is still amber mutant. From these efficiencies of transfection we conclude that the product of gene A2 functions mainly in the mechanism of transfer of phage DNA to intact host cells, and that this function is not essential for transfection of spheroplasts. We also conclude that gene A1 controls functions in addition to DNA transfer, in agreement with previous studies which show that mutations in gene A1 have a pleiotropic effect. Apparently, the absence of these additional functions controlled by gene A1 leads to a high frequency of abortive infection. DNA from amber mutants defective in either gene A1 or A2 does not appreciably transfect su minus rec+ spheroplasts, indicating that the products of these two genes may both be needed to protect T5 DNA from the very active rec BC nuclease in spheroplasts. PMID- 805846 TI - Bacteriophage-specific protein synthesis during induction of the defective Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBSX. AB - Particles of PBSX, a defective, noninfectious phage which is inducible from strains of Bacillus subtilis 168, contain at least seven structural proteins resolvable by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five of these proteins are associated with the phage tail and two with the phage head. An eighth protein, which also may be coded for by the PBSX prophage, has been identified in cells derepressed for PBSX replication. PMID- 805847 TI - Isolation and characterization of prophage mutants of the defective Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBSX. AB - Bacillus subtilis mutants with lesions in PBSX prophage genes have been isolated. One of these appears to be a regulatory mutant and is defective for mitomycin C induced derepression of PBSX; the others are defective for phage capsid formation. All of the PBSX structural proteins are synthesized during induction of the capsid defective mutants; however, several of these proteins exhibit abnormal serological reactivity with anti-PBSX antiserum. The two head proteins X4 and X7 are not immunoprecipitable in a mutant which fails to assemble phage head structures. In the tail mutant, proteins X5 and X6 are not immunoprecipitable, tails are not assembled, and a possible tail protein precursor remains uncleaved. The noninducible mutant does not synthesize any PBSX structural proteins after exposure to mitomycin C. The mutation is specific for PBSX since o105 and SPO2 lysogens of the mutant are inducible. All of the known PBSX-specific mutations were shown to be clustered between argC and metC on the host chromosome. In addition, the metC marker was shown to be present in multiple copies in cells induced for PBSX replication. This suggests that the derepressed prophage replicates while still integrated and that replication extends into the adjacent regions of the host chromosome. PMID- 805848 TI - Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus. AB - Nine temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of nonattenuated Edmonston strain measles virus were isolated from wild-type virus which was grown in the presence of 5 fluorouracil. Adsorption, temperature shift, and complementation experiments indicated that all these mutants were restricted at an intracellular stage of infection. However, all the mutants were more rapidly inactivated at 41 C than was wild-type virus, suggesting that the ts product of each mutant either influences or is a structural component of the virus. Three complementation groups were found to be represented among the mutants. Group A contained one mutant and it did not induce synthesis of detectable amounts of viral antigen at the nonpermissive temperature (39 C). Group B consisted of six mutants which did not induce viral antigen synthesis at 39 C and one mutant which did. Group C was represented by one mutant and it induced viral antigen synthesis at 39 C. The two mutants which induced sythesis of viral antigen also induced synthesis of relatively small amounts of virus-specific RNA at 39 C. These mutants, while producing cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulations of viral antigen at 39 C, were restricted in production of syncytia and hemadsorption. All the mutants were less neurovirulent than wild-type virus, as indicated by their inability to produce acute disease in newborn hamsters. PMID- 805849 TI - Dental infection with hepatitis B. AB - We performed a prospective study to assess the risk of patients acquiring infection following routine professional contact with two dentists incubating type B viral hepatitis. Serum samples from patients exposed during the six weeks before onset of hepatitis in the dentists were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and for antibody to the antigen shortly after illness developed and again six months later. Household members of exposed patients served as a control group. None of the exposed patients or controls became ill with hepititis, and none developed antigen. Three of the 237 exposed patients developed antibody, as did four of the 245 controls. The difference between exposed patients and controls was not significant. These results do not support the hypothesis that these two dentists transmitted infection to their patients. PMID- 805850 TI - Chronic obstructive airway diseases. Current concepts in diagnosis and comprehensive care. AB - Physicians and paramedical personnel often find the early diagnosis and differentiation of obstructive airway diseases to be a challenging problem. The history and physical examination are often not enough to allow the physician to detect either the presence of, or determine the type of, disease present. Patterns of pulmonary function abnormality to determine the presence of obstructive or restrictive defects are discussed. Guidelines useful in the differentiation of obstructive airway diseases are presented. Once a patient with COAD is assessed, the physician needs to outline a therapeutic program after establishing goals with the patient. These goals include (1) improved ability for the patient to achieve relief from symptoms and (2) improved capacity to carry out the activities of daily living. The therapeutic modalities available for the comprehensive care of patients with COAD are discussed. These include general factors such as patient and family education, avoidance of smoking and other inhaled irritants, avoidance of infection, a minimum stress environment, high fluid intake, and proper nutrition. The appropriate use of the medications most commonly employed in the teatment of these patients, eg, bronchodilators, expectorants, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, cromolyn, digitalis, and diuretics, are individually discussed. The use of such respiratory therapy techniques as aerosol therapy, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and oxygen therapy are considered. Application of the specialty of rehabilitation medicine to patients with obstructive airway disease is described. This includes physical therapy with breathing retraining, clapping and postural drainage, and exercise reconditioning, occupational therapy with attention to energy conservation in activities of daily living, psychological considerations, and vocational rehabilitation. Definite benefits that can be demonstrated if the physician employs this type of systematic respiratory care program include a decrease in the frequency and duration of hospital admissions, socioeconomic gains from reduced hospitalizations, a reduction in anxiety, depression and somatic concern, the return of patients to positions of employment and the establishment of a better quality of life. Persistence in making sure the patient continues in a systematic program, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities, may be the means of assuring maintenance or even improvement in his health. The day-to-day treatment for the majority of patients should remain in the hands of the primary physician. However, community resources must be established to allow the primary physician to provide these patients with adequate comprehensive respiratory care. Development of three levels of care (the primary physician, community respiratory rehabilitation units, and the regional respiratory center) should make superior respiratory care available to every patient with obstructive airway disease. PMID- 805851 TI - High incidence of precipitins in sera of heroin addicts. AB - We analyzed sera of 50 consecutively hospitalized heroin-abuse patients for precipitins against several antigens. Forty-seven addicts had precipitins against extracts from moldy hay, and 34 against extracts from bagasse. Thirty-six showed precipitin bands against extracts from one or more of the following: Aspergillus, Micropolyspora faeni, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. These findings were significantly different from those of a control population (P less than .0001 for all antigens tested). The recent culture identification of bacteria and fungi from street heroin suggests that the addicted population may be injecting antigenic material intravenously, with subsequent antibody formation. PMID- 805852 TI - Meningitis, pneumonitis, and arthritis caused by Neisseria meningitidis group Y. AB - Neisseria meningitidis subgroup Y, although commonly isolated from the nasopharynx, rarely has caused meningitis in nonmilitary individuals. Meningococcus (serogroup Y) caused pneumonitis, meningitis, and arthritis in a previously healthy woman. Findings from examination of spinal fluid were minimal, but the clinical aspects of the illness were similar to those seen with other meningococcal serotypes. PMID- 805853 TI - Letter: Identification of Enterococci. PMID- 805854 TI - Abdominal pain in diabetic metabolic decompensation. Clinical significance. AB - Severe abdominal pain and tenderness occured in 46 of 211 episodes of severe diabetic metabolic decompensation. No association was found between abdominal pain and the degree of dehydration or the initial blood glucose level. In 17 instances, the abdominal pain could be attributed to the precipitating cause of the metabolic decompensation. The episodes of unexplained pain all occurred insulin-dependent patients less than 40 years of age; of these, only three had a plasma bicarbonate level greater than 10 mEq/liter, and in two patients, additional factors could account for the relative lack of ketoacidosis. Abdominal pain occurring in patients more than 40 years old, irrespective of the plasma bicarbonate level, and in patients of any age with a plasma bicarbonate level in excess of 10 mEq/liter, almost invariably indicates a specific underlying cause. PMID- 805855 TI - [Role of the somatosensary nerves of the scalp in the mechanism of electroanethesia]. PMID- 805856 TI - [Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone in man]. PMID- 805857 TI - [Pituitary gland function test with releasing hormones]. PMID- 805858 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation]. PMID- 805860 TI - [Parenteral infusion of high-calorie nutrients (2)]. PMID- 805859 TI - [Primary macroglobulinemia with neoplasm formation]. PMID- 805861 TI - [Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with abnormal radiographic manifestation of the thorax]. PMID- 805862 TI - [Changes of blood components on lead exposed workers - with special reference to carbonic anhydrase isozyme, hemoglobin F and glutathione levels]. PMID- 805864 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of a long-term inhalation of manganese particles. 2. Sequential observation of respiratory organs of monkeys and mice]. PMID- 805863 TI - [Occurrence of basophilic stippled erythrocytes in triple administration of lead acetate, DDT and PCB]. PMID- 805865 TI - [Structure of new metabolites (-S02CH3) from (PCB)]. PMID- 805866 TI - [Toxicity of synthetic hexachlorobiphenyl isomers]. PMID- 805868 TI - [Polychlorinated biphenyls in human blood (a comparison of patients with PCB poisoning with controls)]. PMID- 805867 TI - [Analysis of PCB in the maternal and cord blood]. PMID- 805869 TI - [Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues- distribution in various organs and different age and sex groups]. PMID- 805870 TI - [Organic chlorinated compounds in human organs and tissues. (1). PCB concentration in the liver, kidney and adipose tissue]. PMID- 805871 TI - [Epidemiological analysis of plasma PCB in "yusho" patients]. PMID- 805872 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative analysis of PCB in the blood in devilitat patients]. PMID- 805873 TI - [Several problems and clinical conditions of PCB poisoning]. PMID- 805874 TI - [Studies on PCB pollution in Tenryu River]. PMID- 805875 TI - [The present condition of polychloroterphenyl (PCT) pollution]. PMID- 805876 TI - [Removal of cadmium from polluted soil with a chelating reagent]. PMID- 805877 TI - [Effects of EDTA or vitamin D on calcium metabolism in cadmium-fed rats]. PMID- 805878 TI - [Study on the effect of heavy metal on organisms. (III). Increase of sulfhydryl groups in proteins extracted from Tetrahymena pyriformis treated with cadmium]. PMID- 805879 TI - [Metabolic complications of parenteral feeding (literature survey)]. PMID- 805880 TI - [Cardiopathy in Americana trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)]. PMID- 805882 TI - [Clinical basis of the use of parenteral nutrition preparations]. PMID- 805881 TI - [State of erythropoiesis in breast cancer patients in antineoplastic intra arterial chemotherapy]. PMID- 805883 TI - T-strain mucoplasmas and reproductive failure in monkeys. AB - T-strain mycoplasmas were isolated from the genital tracts of 3 genera of female monkeys: the talapoins, Miopithecas talapoin, the patas, Erythrocebus patas, and the macaques, Macaca fascicularis. The talapoins have not reproduced successfully for the past 2 yr. Fertility in the patas has also been reduced, with a high incidence of stillbirths and spontaneous abortions. The macaques were not permitted to breed. PMID- 805884 TI - Spotaneous rupture of an intercostal artery in a patient with neurofibromatosis and scoliosis. AB - A case is reported of spontaneous rupture of an intercostal artery at its origin from the aorta in a patient with neurofibromatosis and scoliosis. The possible role played by each of these conditions in the pathogenesis of the spontaneous rupture is discussed. Comment is made on the unusual radiologic appearances of extrapleural hemorrhage. PMID- 805885 TI - [Drug induced damage to vision, hearing, balance and motility according to a common mechanism]. PMID- 805886 TI - [New advice and instructions in Rh-prevention]. PMID- 805887 TI - [Dosimetric analysis of methods of irradiating bladder tumors]. PMID- 805888 TI - [Functional state of the late metastases in thyroid gland cancer (according to profile scanning data)]. PMID- 805891 TI - [Surgical treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 805890 TI - [Early diagnosis and therapeutic progress in respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 805889 TI - [Uneven irradiation of tumors (the problem of protecting normal tissues)]. PMID- 805892 TI - [Chagasic ventricular aneurysm with ventricular tachycardia operated on with good results]. PMID- 805893 TI - Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase from Rhadospirillum rubrum. PMID- 805894 TI - Ribulose-diphosphate carboxylase from the hydrogen bacteria and Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 805895 TI - L-glutamine:keto-scyllo-inositol aminotransferase. PMID- 805896 TI - S-adenoxylmethionine:indolepyruvate 3-methyltransferase. PMID- 805897 TI - Penicillin acylase (assay). PMID- 805898 TI - Isolation of micro- and macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 805899 TI - Manipulations with Tetrahymena pyriformis on solid medium. PMID- 805900 TI - The accumulation and selective detachment of mitotic cells. PMID- 805901 TI - The Australian health system. Allocation of resources in production and distribution of medical services in Australia. AB - The writers suggest that before July, 1971, the resultant effect of the interaction of all market forces was efficient production and distribution of medical care. Efficiency of health-service production and distribution is defined as availability of short-term life-saving services to all members of the community. PMID- 805902 TI - Leukaemic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. An unusual cause of protein losing enteropathy. PMID- 805903 TI - Fractures and dislocations complicated by distal ischaemia. PMID- 805905 TI - Treatment of acute otitis media. PMID- 805904 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of hypernephroid kidney carcinoma]. PMID- 805906 TI - Drugs for prophylaxis of angina pectoris. PMID- 805909 TI - [Psychogenic death and suicide (author's transl)]. AB - In psychogenic death, the persons finds himself in a seriously distressing situation of which he believes that he has been thrown into this helpless position and that there is no way out. Humans behave passively and die quietly. In suicide, on the other hand, a person ends his life actively. The problem of why, on the one hand, people bring about death actively while in psychogenic death they "let themselves die" is enquired into. In psychogenic death, the difficulties of the emergencies produced by external factors can no longer be coped with mentally: the person wants to live but he cannot go on. In suicide, it seems to the person that the projection of the future, produced by inner factors, is no longer worth living: the person does not want to live, although he could. PMID- 805907 TI - [A recently classified multiple malformative syndrome]. PMID- 805908 TI - [The valence of genetics and exogenous factors in epilepsies of childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Exogenous and genetic factors must be taken into consideration in the etiology of epilepsy. Exogenous lesions may arise pre-, peri- or postnatally. The effect of genetics on the etiology has previously been suggested by a markedly increased familial occurrence of epileptic patients with seizures, investigations of twins and the occurrence of attacks in demyelinating diseases and congenital metabolic disorders. A modern method of examination in epileptic patients is the electroencephalographic family investigation. The results obtained in examinations by this method are described. PMID- 805910 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic observations during the acute action of hashish (author's transl)]. AB - The physical and mental reactions were registered before and after smoking 2 g hashish in 30 volunteers who had never smoked hashish before. The EEG shows no pathological changes. Hashish significantly raises the heart rate. The blood pressure shows a tendency to fall. The cardiovascular disturbances may be so marked that collapse occurs. The reaction of fear after acute hashish intoxication may lead to unpleasant defense reactions. Hashish implies a danger to road traffic because of the physical ataxia and alterations in appreciation of time and space. PMID- 805911 TI - [Foramen retroarticulare atlantis and the vertebral angiogram (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of a foramen retroarticulare atlantis in a group of 380 patients was investigated and put in relation to the frequency of headaches, migraine and Meniere's syndrome. These complaints are found more frequently in patients with a retroarticular foramen. Angiograms of the vertebral artery show vascular constrictions in the region of the foramen retroarticulare in the majority of patients examined. In 5 patients, the clinical symptoms of a mechanical irritation with changes in blood flow through the vertebral artery in the region of a foramen retroarticulare atlantis have been described. PMID- 805913 TI - [Experience with the Luscher test in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - A population of schizophrenic patients was compared with a control group by means of the 8 color test. The schizophrenics showed a depressive factor in the preference for brown and the rejection of yellow. Interchange of gray and black suggests destructive tendencies and lack of orientation in the schizophrenic psyche. Shifts of primary colors are interpreted as signs of introversion caused by the disease. In the gray test, which gives pointers to the existential situation, healthy subjects, schizophrenics, addicts and depressives were compared with each other. While depressives and schizophrenics showed a disordered contact with the environment which is compensated by screening off the environment increasingly, the schizophrenic test sample showed destructive tendencies and signs of loss of a sense of distance in addition to the disordered contact with the environment. PMID- 805912 TI - [Experience with the contrast medium Telebrix 300 in neuroradiology (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical experience with a new tri-iodized contrast medium (Telebrix 300) in cerebral angiography is reported. In one of its forms, Telebrix is available as the pure methylglucamine salt of the newly developed ioxitalaminoacid in 66% aqueous solution, with an iodine content of 300 mg/ml. The results of the use of Telebrix 300 in 302 patients examined with over 600 single vascular visualisations (direct puncture and catheter angiography) are communicated. Unforessen incidents with permanent neurological disturbances were not observed. Local and general tolerance of Telebrix 300 is excellent, even after large quantities of the contrast medium (up to 300 ml). PMID- 805915 TI - [Physical training and sport]. PMID- 805914 TI - [Short PQ interval with particular reference to the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The ST length and T wave were investigated electrocardiographically and clinically in 200 patients with a short PQ interval in the electrocardiogram, independent of the length and shape of the QRS complex. In group A (Lown-Ganong Syndrome LGL), we often found a narrow, pointed, positive P wave and a narrow QRS complex in the electrocardiogram in addition to the short PQ interval, and also a tendency to respiratory arrhythmia. Clinically this was frequently a matter of young women with a tendency to paroxysmal tachycardia and autonomic dystonia. A James bundle or even a short AV conduction pathway with a small heart might be considered as the origin of this LGL syndrome. A particular classification of patients with short PQ intervals and S-T deformation (Group B) in organic heart disease has not yet been described in the literature to our knowledge. The results of our investigations in group C (WPW syndrome) correspond in the main to those given in the literature. PMID- 805916 TI - [Transfer factor. Properties and possible therapeutic applications (author's transl)]. AB - Transfer factor (TF) is a dialysable and ultrafilterable extract from human leukocytes. It contains only substances with a molecular weight of less than 10 000. Several biological activities of TF are so far known. These refer to the transfer of specific cellular immunity from one individual to another and a stimulating effect, probably of an unspecific nature, on the cellular immune system. So far, favorable therapeutic results have been obtained in chronic candidiasis and a few other chronic infectious diseases, in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and possibly also in some special malignant tumors. The small number of treatments does not permit any firm conclusions to be drawn. PMID- 805917 TI - [Radiological and endoscopic investigations of the esophagus in 33 cases of generalized scleroderma (author's transl)]. AB - The esophagus was examined radiologically and endoscopically in 33 patients with generalized scleroderma. 13 patients complained of difficulties which suggested implication of the esophagus, scleroderma was found in the esophagus in 26. Radiological demarcation of location of the scleroderma required investigation of the esophageal peristalsis. Endoscopic examination permits an equally reliable assessment through the identification of characteristic signs: the lack of peristaltic contractions in the lower half of the esophagus, and the persistence of water in the esophagus for more than 30 seconds after injection of a few milliliters in the recumbent patient. Further, a peptic esophagitis can often be recognised endoscopically when it is not detectable radiologically (10 cases) and in cases of peptic stenosis (4 patients) exact location of the lesion is possible. PMID- 805918 TI - [Recurrent ulcer after gastric resection (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study was made of 34 cases of recurrent ulcer following gastric resection. Males, especially above the age of 40, were shown to be particularly susceptible. The intact vagus apparently plays the most important role in the pathogenesis. Radiological examination and endoscopy are of the greatest diagnostic importance. Truncal vagotomy must be regarded as the treatment of choice in uncomplicated recurrent ulcer. Resection procedures are indicated in perforating ulcer, gastrojejunocolic fistula, antral remains and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. PMID- 805919 TI - [Survival time of patients with cardiac pacemakers (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison between the life expectancy of patients with pacemakers and that of a control population of similar structure shows a parallel course, although originally, after a postoperative phase of 2 months, the mortality rate of the patients with pacemakers was higher. Today the results are considerably better. Implantation of pacemakers is one of the greatest cardiological advances in the last 10 years for the effective treatment and prevention of cardiac arrest in atrioventricular block. The significance of this type of therapy becomes understandable if the fact that the mortality of Adams-Stokes attacks used to be about 50% is taken into consideration. In France, about 5000 persons each year have Adams-Stokes attacks. PMID- 805920 TI - [Indication of operation in various forms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clinical observations]. AB - Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a polymorphous syndrome. The diagnosis may be suspected clinically with a symmetrical firm goiter without nodes, which develops in a relatively short time (2-3 years on the average). Serological investigations show increased anti-thyroid antibodies. If the antibody titers are low, histological examination is necessary. If goiters with cold areas in the scintigram, biopsies must also be made. The significance of lymphatic tissue in the thyroid gland is still not clear, as yet no certain correlation between the number of antibody secreting cells in the thyroid gland (intra-thyroidal plasmocytes) and the level of anti-thyroid tissue antibodies has been found. PMID- 805921 TI - [The importance of radiological examination for the prognosis of obstructive renal changes (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of various radiological methods is discussed in relation to obstructive changes in the kidney which cannot be visualized by the usual radiological investigations. The applicability and limits of intravenous urograms with dense contrast media, retrograde pyelography, arteriography and selective perfusion, minimal nephrostomy with repeated nephrostomograms and translumbar pyelography are discussed. It is shown that translumbar puncture is an alternative for the prognostic assessment of the hydronephrotic kidney. PMID- 805922 TI - [Letter: Correction of severe myopia]. PMID- 805923 TI - [Letter: Vision and automobile traffic]. PMID- 805924 TI - [Disease statistics and absence from school]. AB - As a result of the evaluation of 1085 school absences in a retrospective study at the Aarau Technical School, it was found that frequency of absences was significantly (p less than 0.01) less in summer with 2.3 percent (boys) and 2.0 percent (girls) missed lessons than in winter with 3.5 percent (boys) and 3.2 percent (girls). There were medical reasons in 58.7 percent; every tenth case was an accident. A comparative study in 1495 schoolchildren aged 6-16, in the Aargau showed that in this collective, there was an average of 1273 school absences per month, so that about 1.8 percent of the monthly school time was lost. A further comparative study in the City of Zurich revealed that about a third more time was lost than in the country. PMID- 805926 TI - [Unusual course of a malignant exophthalmos]. AB - In spite of careful choice of therapy for the individual case, including all the methods used hitherto, such as total thyroidectomy, hypophyseal castration by surgery or irradiation, the prognosis of malignant exophthalmos is very unfavorable. The unusual intense and persistent growth of fatty and connective tissue in the orbit was striking in our patient. The forward thrusting tissue could only be brought to a standstill by X-irradiation of both orbits. The hyperthyroidism itself only showed improvement months later. PMID- 805925 TI - [Diabetic coma. A report of 752 cases between 1931 and 1973]. AB - 752 diabetic comata (150 non-ketoacidotic and 602 ketoacidotic) from the period between 1931 and 1973 were investigated with regard to type of coma, age, sex, blood sugar, body type, previous therapy, presence of infections and their location and lethality. The blood sugar rose from 521 mg percent in the period from 1931-1940 to 701 mg percent in the period from 1971-73, and age from 33.9 to 53.7 years. Patients without ketoacidosis had higher blood sugar and were older than those with ketoacidosis. Lethality was higher in women than in men. Mortality was higher with obesity (28.8 percent compared to 20.1 percent). 23.9 percent of them were "manifestation" comata of which 43.1 percent died. The lowest lethality was found in the 453 diabetics who had been treated with insulin (14.6 percent). Infections were demonstrable in 431 patients (57.3 percent). Of these, 30.1 percent died, of patients without infections 19.6 percent died. Mortality was 74.6 percent where infections were present in two or more organs. PMID- 805927 TI - [The problem of malignant deuteropathy following cytostatic therapy]. AB - Among 17,676 patients admitted to our clinic between 1965 and 1974, we have observed 22 cases of malignant deuteropathy-either after cytostatic therapy or radiation, or as "spontaneous" primary multiple tumors. Their catamneses were analyzed. Seven cases raise a strong suspicion that cytostatic therapy may have induced a cancer. A statistical analysis is not possible with our group of patients. To avoid an inadmissible evaluation of these individual observations, they were compared with the 10 "spontaneous" double tumors observed during the same period. Advances in our knowledge of this field are, in our opinion, to be expected of central cancer registers. PMID- 805928 TI - [Concrement in the biliary tract-Problems of endoscopic and radiological diagnosis-Possibilities of endoscopic therapeutic measures]. AB - The scope of diagnosis of diseases of the biliary tract has been considerably amplified by the addition of retrograde endoscopic cholangiography. With appropriate indications and technique, it is superior to the conventional radiological methods. The method is particularly indicated in biliodigestive anastomoses, the probing of which usually presents no problems, The diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities-removal of foreign material from the biliary tract after radiological visualisation in a single operation-are discussed with reference to three cases. Useful additions to the conventional equipment are the modified Dormia basket and the Fogarty catheter. PMID- 805930 TI - [Facial pain and headache caused by functional diseases of masticatory system]. PMID- 805929 TI - [Fatigue fractures of the calcaneus in soldiers of the Federal Forces]. AB - Fatigue fractures of the calcaneus occur more frequently today than the typical march fractures of the metatarsal bones. The cause lies in the altered method of training with repeated jumping exercises and increased strain on the calcaneus. 203 fatigue fractures of the calcaneus were seen in 5 years, almost exclusively in recruits in the first 3 months of enlistment. 10 day after the beginning of pain in the calcaneus and swellings--in half of them bilateral-the X-ray showed typical zones of densification in the calcaneus. The treatment consists of decompression for 2 weeks until the complaint disappears. PMID- 805933 TI - [Letter: Co-movements of muscular groups in central paralysis]. PMID- 805932 TI - [The cell 100 years ago]. AB - Eduard Strasburgers monograph "On Cell Formation and Cell Division" appeared in Jena in 1875. At that time the existence of the cell nucleus was established, but the scientists were still discussing a possibility of free formation of cells as suggested by Schwann and Schleiden. Nuclear structure and the processes of mitosis were still uninvestigated. The original observations which are reproduced show the first tentative efforts at a generalised description. Comparison with the opinions of Haeckel and Flemming show the uncertainty of cytology in that early phase, because the lack of microscopic technique did not yet permit of any detailed evidence. PMID- 805931 TI - [Econazole nitrate. In vitro tests and clinical trial]. AB - Econazole-nitrate is a new potent antifungal drug with a broad spectrum against dermatophytes, yeasts and moulds; in addition it is effective against gram positive bacteria. Econazole nitrate was tested in-vitro for antifungal and anti microbial properties. In an open trial 75 patients were treated with a 1 percent econazole cream. Cure was achieved in tinea pedis in 91 percent; in tinea genitocruralis in 100 percent and in tinea corporis in 92 percent. The remainder were greatly improved. 22 patients with erythrasma were cured within 3 weeks. PMID- 805934 TI - [Letter: Prevention of malaria with chloroquine]. PMID- 805935 TI - [Letter: Calcium content of drinking water and heart diseases?]. PMID- 805936 TI - [Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (author's transl)]. AB - The infrequent thrombosis of the inferior vena cava usually arises as a transmission of a thrombosis from a leg or pelvic vein. The indication for treatment must be made early and quickly, because only complete removal of the thrombus is sufficient. The operation we recommend is transperitoneal or retroperitoneal exposure of the inferior vena cava and pelvic veins, By this method the detachment of thrombi during the operation with consequent pulmonary emboli can be prevented. On the other hand, it is possible to remove, under direct vision, thrombi extending into the renal veins. The 3 cases presented show this and therefore both the surgical treatment and the technique used for the treatment of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava can be recommended without restriction. PMID- 805937 TI - [Surgical treatment of varices of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. AB - In the last 6 years we have treated 132 patients with varices of the lower extremities and operated on 65 of them. We came to the following conclusions: 1. Stripping of the saphenous vein with subfascial ligature of the incompetent venae communicantes is essential for the complete treatment of primary varicosity with or without ulcer. 2. Pelvic phlebography is necessary to exclude secondary varicosities in both bilateral and unilateral varices. 3. The removal of secondary varices has a definitely negative result if recanalisation is incomplete; i.e. they ought not to be extirpated if the outflow from the great saphenous vein is directed centrally on walking. PMID- 805938 TI - [Apoplexy and stenosis of the renal atery (author's transl)]. AB - A 48-year old man with stenosis of the right renal artery and hypertension of the renal artery and hypertension of the renal vessels suffered an apoplectic insult under antihypertensive therapy. The cause of this insult was found to be an acute total occlusion of the right carotid artery. At the same time there were stenoses of the right vertebral, the left common carotid and the left internal carotid arteries. Thromboendarterectomy of the right internal carotid artery, subclavio carotid bypass on the left and thromboendarterectomy of the left intenal carotid artery and aortorenal bypass on the right were performed one after the other. The blood pressure can be premanently lowered, neurological symptoms no langer appear and the patient is completely able to work again. PMID- 805939 TI - [Advances in the treatment of postoperative complications after abdominal operations. A comparative, retrospective analysis of two reported periods (author's transl)]. AB - Period I (1958-64)included 227 complications, period II 257 complications. Altogether, 484 complications were evaluated in 436 cases. The by far higher lethality in period I (71,3 percent) compared to 41,1 per cent in period II can be explained by the lower frequency of relaparotomy of 24,6 percent (52,3 per cent in period II). The mortality after relaparotomy was almost equal in both periods. The central problem in the therapy of postoperative surgical complications can consequently be seen in the indications for relaparotomy. Therefore, to improve the results, a more active diagnosis and indication and adequate performance of the operation are necessary. PMID- 805940 TI - [Parathyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoma of the parathyroid glands is a rare disease which occurs only in 0.5 to 4 percent as the cause of a primary hyperparathyroidism. One third of the tumors are hormonally inactive. A review of the diagnosis, course and possibilities of treatment of this disease is given with reference to the literature. Observations of 2 cases show the special problems of diagnosis and simple possibilities for the satisfactory treatment of small tumors. Followup examinations of both patients after a year showed no evidence of a relapse. PMID- 805941 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of testicular tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Experience in the treatment of 167 testicular tumors is reported in 164 patients who were hospitalized during the last 15 years. Seminoma patients were irradiated postoperatibely, teratoma patients since 1965 have been subjected to radical lymphadenectomy and also irradiated postoperatively if there was confirmed evidence of metastases. The total survival rate was 58.6 percent. Cytostatic therapy was used in only a few cases: convincing remission could not be observed. The favorable results so far obtained with lymphadenectomy justify the continuation of surgical treatment. PMID- 805942 TI - [Gastric operation without anesthesia and esepsis. A report from the year 1635]. AB - In the Chronicles of Christopher Harknock there is a report of the removal of a knife from the stomach which has slipped down the esophagus of man who wanted to induce vomiting by tickling the throat with the handle. The patient survived the operation performed without anesthesis and without asepsis, and 50 years later was still healthy and able to work. PMID- 805943 TI - [Letter: Medical check-up female breast cancer]. PMID- 805944 TI - [Letter: Endangering of eyes by flash-light?]. PMID- 805945 TI - [The use of electrodynamic alternating potential in operative and conservative orthopedics (author's transl)]. AB - W. Kraus and F. Lechner's electromagnetic field coil was used in 107 patients for operative (82) and conservative (25) indications. The method was shown to be a valuable addition to the therapeutic possibilities so far available for bones and joints. The production of new bone is estimated, blood flow through the soft parts is promoted and affects the inhibition of inflammation. No additional demands are made on the surgical technique and side effects do not occur. The results of treatment are substantiated by X-ray pictures and the indications listed individually. PMID- 805946 TI - [The chronic afferent loop syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1968 and 1973, 12 patients with a chronic afferent loop syndrome were treated at the University Surgical Hospital in Munich (6 from own hospital and 6 B II resected patients from external hospitals). 11 of them had to undergo reoperation (1 patient refused). X-ray and gastroscopy confirmed the diagnosis of chronic afferent loop syndrome type I in all 12 cases. The obstruction was caused by: adhesion and kinking of the loop (7 cases), too long and mobile loops (6 cases) incorrect anastomosis (3 cases), torsion and stenosis in the mesocolonic slit (2 cases), internal hernia (1 case). 8 patients showed good operative results, in 2 patients symptoms still persist; 1 patient died of sepsis postoperatively. PMID- 805947 TI - [A new method for measuring the pressure in the region of sphincters and in the esophageal occlusion segment (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of measuring pressure is presented which serves to determine the opening pressures in organic sphincter areas and so to investigate the behavior of the pressure and its susceptibility. By means of a pressure measuring device which is introduced into the sphincter area, the opening pressure, which may be equated to the constant closing pressure, can be determined by known increases of pressure. The method is described in detail, and the use of this manometric procedure is demonstrated with reference to the area of esophageal occlusion. PMID- 805948 TI - [Renal parenchyma resection--development, technique, problems (author's transl)]. AB - Organ preservation by renal surgery is the principal and most pressing task of urology, according to Bischoff. In clinical practice at the present time, resection of the renal parenchyma is the principal aim and is to a large extent achieved. Sacrificing a localised diseased portion of the parenchyma (organ amputation) contributes to the survival of the rest of the organ (preservation of the organ). The additional inevitable loss of functional tissue must be kept as small as possible (sparing the organ). Decisive syndromes are nephrolithiasis, renal tumors and to a decreasing extent, tuberculosis of the urinary system. The operation, which usually takes the form of resection of the pole of the kidney, but which must sometimes be extended to heminephrectomy and even more, repeatedly underlies attempts at improvement both in animal experiments and in the clinical sphere. PMID- 805949 TI - [A new technique for intramuscular injections (author's transl)]. AB - Among the methods for intramuscular injection, Hochstetters technique into the gluteus medius muscle is anatomically sound, but there are a few practical defects which make it difficult to perform. The method we describe has been tested and is simpler. Anatomical orientation is easier, vessels and nerves are not endangered, asepsis is better guaranteed, and the injection can be given with the patient in any position, even lying down. Instead of Hochstetters method of injecting into the vastus lateralis muscle, in which three connecting lines must be drawn mentally, we use our simple method: the injection is given in the middle third of the thigh, dorsal to a line joining the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral border of the patella. PMID- 805951 TI - [Proceedings: Marginal cases of surgery of otosclerosis]. PMID- 805950 TI - [Comparative studies of the lipid-lowering activity of etiroxate hydrochloride and dextrothyroxine (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of etiroxate and dextrothyroxine (CT4) on lipoproteins was determined in a long-term study comprising 40 patients with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia and 19 patients with Type IIb. 40 mg etiroxate daily lowered the total lipids, phosphatides, cholesterol, and beta-lipoproteins more significantly than 6 mg DT4/day. After the administration of etiroxate and DT4, cholesterol decreased by 17.9% and 14.5% respectively in Type IIa and 16.6% and 12.6% respectively in Type IIb. The mean decrease in the beta-lipoproteins after etiroxate was 134 plus or minus 75 mg/100 ml in Type IIa and 96 plus or minus 101 mg/100 ml in Type IIb, and after DT495 plus or minus 69 mg/100 ml in Type IIa and 79 plus or minus 58 mg/100 ml in Type IIb. Transient gastric intolerance occurred after both drugs. In susceptible patients cardiac side effects were more frequently observed after DT4 than after etiroxate, but there was no statistical difference between the two drugs or the placebo phase. PMID- 805952 TI - [Proceedings: Quantitative morphological studies of bone metaplasia]. PMID- 805953 TI - [Proceedings: Juvenile diabetic patients. Control of stabilizing in various forms of therapy]. PMID- 805954 TI - [Proceedings: Normal ranges and pattern of findings in gastrointestinal tract diseases]. PMID- 805955 TI - [Proceedings: Pathology of pulmonary shock]. PMID- 805956 TI - [81st convention of the German Society for Internal Medicine, April 6-10, 1975 in Wiesbaden]. PMID- 805957 TI - [Proceedings: Pulmonary metabolism in pulmonary shock]. PMID- 805958 TI - [Proceedings: Surface tension in the lung and in pulmonary shock]. PMID- 805960 TI - [Proceedings: Atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block]. PMID- 805959 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical picture and therapy of pulmonary shock]. PMID- 805961 TI - [Proceedings: Multifocal atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 805962 TI - [Proceedings: Experience with a transcutaneously chargeable pacemaker system]. PMID- 805963 TI - [Proceedings: Alveolitis and interstitial diseases caused by organic dusts and drugs]. PMID- 805964 TI - [Proceedings: Prolongation of funtion time of implantable pacemakers through the reduction of impulse duration]. PMID- 805965 TI - [Proceedings: Special indications for permanent atrial stimulation]. PMID- 805966 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of hepato-choledocholithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid in intrahepatic bile duct cysts (Caroli's disease)]. PMID- 805967 TI - [Proceedings: Elevation of transaminases following treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid: dependence on chenodeoxycholic acid dosage and on serum chenodeoxycholic acid concentration]. PMID- 805968 TI - [Proceedings: Light- and electron-microscopy studies on the toxicity of sulphated and nonsulphated lithocholic acid]. PMID- 805969 TI - [Proceedings: Chemical composition of biliary calculi producing no shadow in the x-ray picture]. PMID- 805970 TI - [Proceedings: Changes in the exocrine function of the parotid gland and pancreas in patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 805971 TI - [Proceedings: Comparative studies on the effect of ethanol on various laboratory chemical parameters in healthy persons and in patients with histologically verified lesions of the liver parenchyma]. PMID- 805972 TI - [Proceedings: Fat tolerance and postheparin lipases in patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 805973 TI - [Proceedings: Differentiation of homozygote and heterozygote, therapy and follow up study in 4 families with Wilson's disease]. PMID- 805974 TI - [Proceedings: Interaction analysis at a dialysis unit]. PMID- 805975 TI - [Proceedings: Therapeutic group work in the hospital]. PMID- 805976 TI - [Proceedings: Continuous BS-daily profile related to serum insulin in metabolically healthy subjects with ideal and normal body weights]. PMID- 805977 TI - [Proceedings: Glucose tolerance insulin and lipids following 1 week of fenfluramine administration]. PMID- 805978 TI - [Proceedings: Restriction of cerebral glucose oxidation--a survival mechanism in fasting]. PMID- 805980 TI - [Proceedings: Behavior of ketone bodies, blood lipids and various laboratory chemical parameters during isocaloric reducing diet, rich in fats or carbohydrates]. PMID- 805979 TI - [Proceedings: Alteration of insulin secretion during isocaloric reduction diet rich on carbohydrates, resp. fat, in weight loss of adipose patients]. PMID- 805981 TI - [Proceedings: Therapy of obesity using carbohydrate-reduced and carbohydrate-rich isocaloric formula-diets (comparative studies)]. PMID- 805982 TI - [Proceedings: Transport of free fatty acids and energy metabolism during hypo- and hypercaloric formula diets]. PMID- 805983 TI - [Proceedings: Experience with an ambulatory zero diet in 111 patients]. PMID- 805984 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of Nifedipine on the regional cerebral and peripheral muscle circulation]. PMID- 805985 TI - [Proceedings: Functional early and long-term results of thrombolytic treatment of deep pelvic and leg venous thromboses]. PMID- 805986 TI - [Proceedings: Use of impedance-plethysmography as a screening method in the early diagnosis of peripheral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 805987 TI - [Proceedings: Thrombolysis using ultrasound]. PMID- 805988 TI - [Proceedings: Amino acid metabolism in uremia and its modification by various biochemically defined nutritional mixtures]. PMID- 805990 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of dialysis and dialysis-dependent changes in water electrolyte balance, on plasma aldosterone in terminal patients with kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 805989 TI - [Proceedings: Autonomous insufficiency in dialysis patients]. PMID- 805991 TI - [Proceedings: Leukocyte fall during extracorporal hemodialysis and its significance for immunosuppressive therapy in patients with recent kidney transplantation]. PMID- 805992 TI - [Proceedings: March hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 805993 TI - [Proceedings: Oral and parenteral therapy with essential amino acids in chronic renal insufficiency of various degrees of severity]. PMID- 805995 TI - [Proceedings: Possibility of errors in the determination of normal ranges, based on biological variance]. PMID- 805996 TI - [Proceedings: Normal ranges and pattern of findings in primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 805994 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical course and morphology of potassiopenic nephropathy]. PMID- 805997 TI - [Proceedings: Artificial beta-cell in experimental and clinical medicine]. PMID- 805998 TI - [Proceedings: Normal ranges and pattern of findings in liver diseases]. PMID- 805999 TI - [Proceedings: Use of computer in clinical laboratory]. PMID- 806000 TI - [Hypoglycemia - aglycemia in virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - In a 64-year old woman with a histologically confirmed Au-SH antigen negative acute virus hepatitis with an otherwise normal course, an extreme hypoglycemia lasting four days developed in the florid stage, and was treated with intravenous glucose drips. In spite of the supply of 130 g/24 hrs glucose on the 2nd day of hypoglycemia, the fasting blood sugar level next morning was 0 mg% ("aglycemia"). The hypoglycemia ran a course without autonomic or psychoneurological symptoms. As the hepatitis regressed, the carbohydrate metabolic disorder regained its equilibrium. It is assumed that this was a hepatogenic hypoglycemia. This may have reduced the glycogen reserves in the liver, also partly as a result of minimal diet, disturbed the gluconeogenesis and glycolysis and slowed the breakdown of insulin. PMID- 806001 TI - [Medical problems of longterm dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - The number of patients who can be kept alive with the aid of chronic intermittent dialysis increases each year all over Europe. Since the percentage of patients who have dialysis at home is increasing, the general practitioner also contact with the medical complications of these patients. The most common of these problems: hepatitis, anemia, neurological disturbances, secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiac and vascular changes with the usual therapeutic measures are discussed. PMID- 806002 TI - [Technical organisational problems and development tendencies in medical data processing (author's transl)]. AB - All uses of "Medical Data Processing", which make greatly divergent demands on the computer because of the different applications by different user groups, are to be considered from the points of view of hardware, software and organisation. Further possibilities for the complex information systems in the hospital arise from the more recent development of computer technology, also with regard to the reliability of the hardware. Hand in hand with this, an improvement in the system software can be seen for the real-time processing and time sharing. But organisation od design, planning, installation and operation is of particular importance for medical information systems. This also includes the preparatory training of the hospital personnel and the observance of data protection. PMID- 806003 TI - [The information system of the Deutsche Klinik fur Diagnostik (author's transl)]. AB - Data processing in medicine includes the administration, patient control and medical documentation. The introduction must be made step by step, lead to selective editing of information and promote the standardization process through the application of electronic data processing. Data acquisition can be done automatically by activating the computer or feeding from the information flow. Patient-linked information, including clear text, can be inverted, i. e. edited for retrieval by automatic description in a diagnosis orientated form. PMID- 806006 TI - [Letter: Bone cement polymethylmethacrylate (PMM) as a hemostyptic in dentistry]. PMID- 806004 TI - [Letter: Combined cytostatic therapy of malignant brain tumors. Comment on the discussion contribution by G. Ackermann]. PMID- 806005 TI - [Letter: Combined cytostatic therapy of malignant brain tumors. Discussion contribution to W-D. Heiss, A. Kroiss, J. Kuhbock, W. Profanter, Munch. med. Wschr. 116 (1974) 1957]. PMID- 806007 TI - [Letter: Family planning in Hungary]. PMID- 806008 TI - [Letter: Placebo therapy and compulsory health education]. PMID- 806009 TI - [Letter: Security in the consultation room]. PMID- 806010 TI - [The effect of caffeine on the development of melanotic tumours in Drosophila (author's transl)]. AB - Caffeine, added to the nutrient medium of strain cl tu48-a larvae which can develop spontaneous melanotic tumours, produces a double effect: a toxic effect and an inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis. The toxic effect manifests itself especially if young larvae are treated, and is observed as an increase in their mortality. The effect of caffeine on tumorigenesis is only seen if it is administered during the 2nd and 3rd day of the larval life. Outside of this period, or if caffeine is only applied during a part of the period, it exerts no influence on tumorigenesis. The effect on tumorigenesis consists of a decrease in the frequency of tumourous individuals. In individuals who have developed at least one tumour, caffeine does not modify the probability of the development of other tumours. Its action thus, is at the individual scale and not at that of the tumour. The time during which larvae are sensitive to caffeine indicates that the effect must intervene before the appearance of the first tumour cells. PMID- 806011 TI - Genetic analysis of mitomycin C-induced interchange in Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - A genetic analysis of an array of mitomycin-induced rearrangements in immature Drosophila oocytes is reported. Induced aberrations were recovered representing detachments of the compound-X chromosome, Y chromosome fragments, X chromosome loss and mosaicism. The spectrum of rearrangements induced by mitomycin C was very similar to that induced by X-ray treatment of immature oocytes. This work suggests that mitomycin C has two models of action. The drug is radiomimetic for it induces the types of aberrations recovered after X-irradiation. Mitomycin C also seems to have a delayed effect which is reflected in the relatively high recovery of mosaics. PMID- 806012 TI - Reduced DNA repair capacity and increased cytotoxicity following split doses of the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in cultured human cells. AB - Cultured human fibroblasts were exposed to single doses of 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide(4NQO) and to two equimolar doses of 4NQO at intervals varying from 0.5 to 12 h. DNA repair synthesis as measured by an unscheduled uptake of tritium labelled thymidine ([3-H]TdR), cell survival as estimated by the clone-forming capacity, and frequency of chromosome aberrations were used as endpoints. Cells respond with a reduced level of DNA repair synthesis when the second 4NQO dose (5 X 10 minus 7 or 1 X10-minus 7 M) is given within 3 h of the first 4NQO dose. If the interval between the two doses is 5 h or more, the level of DNA repair synthesis which is induced by the second 4NQO dose is comparable to that following a single 60-min 4NQO application. In this 3-h period the cultured cells show an increased sensitivity to the lethal effect and chromosome-damaging action of the second 4NQO dose. The reduced period of DNA repair capacity seems to increase the mutagenic effect of the chemical carcinogen. PMID- 806013 TI - Analyses of differential sensitivities of synchronized HeLa S3 cells to radiations and chemical carcinogens during the cell cycle. III. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide and its derivatives. AB - Sensitivity to the chemical carcinogens 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) and 4 hydroxyaminoquinoline I-oxide (4-HAQO), during the cell cycle of synchronized HeLa S3 cells, decreases from the late S to the early G2 phases. Cells in other phases are relatively sensitive to both carcinogens. [3-H]4-NQO and [ 3-H]4-HAQO seem to be bound preferably more with cellular DNA of the mitotic phase to the middle of the S phase than with that of the late S phase in which the cells are rather insensitive to these carcinogens. However, we found no significant difference in the excision rates of these carcinogens from the DNA of HeLa S3 cells through the cell cycle. These findings indicate that the cyclic variation of 4-NQO and 4-HAQO cell survivals during the cell cycle may be due to the differences in the amounts of 4-NQO and 4-HAQO bound with cellular DNA. PMID- 806014 TI - Mutagenicity of organophosphorus compounds in bacteria and Drosophila. AB - 140 Organophosphorus compounds (OP's) have been tested for mutagenic activity in bacteria, principally by using two specially constructed sets of tester strains of the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. It was found that 20% gave positive mutagenic responses and that this group of chemicals produce base subsitutions rather than frame-shift mutations. In most cases the DNA repair genes exrA+ and recA+ were required for mutagenic activity. Seven compounds were further tested in Drosophila melanogaster for the ability to induce recessive lethal mutations. In some of these cases the doses administered to the flies had to be very low due to the highly toxic nature of the compounds. To over-come this problem, the accumulation of recessive lethal mutations was measured in populations which were continually exposed to the compounds over a period of some 18 months. During this time the populations developed increased resistance to the compound and so the dose administered could gradually be increased. Six of the compounds were mutagenic. Of the compounds tested in both systems, those showing mutagenic activity in bacteria were also mutagenic in Drosophila, those not mutagenic in bacteria were not mutagenic in Drosophila. PMID- 806015 TI - Sounding board. Don't be a litter-bug: dispose of health appropriately. PMID- 806016 TI - Methotrexate: distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. AB - The kinetics and distribution of methotrexate in intraventricular and intrathecal cerebrospinal-fluid spaces were studied in patients with meningeal leukemia and meningeal carcinomatosis after drug administration by intravenous infusion, indwelling intraventricular subcutaneous reservoir (Ommaya), or standard lumbar puncture. Negligible ventricular concentrations followed a single intravenous dose. During an intravenous infusion (500 mg per square meter for 24 hours) the ventricular cerebrospinal-fluid concentration rose to 6 times 10-minus 7 M. Methotrexate administered by Ommaya reservoir, at a dose of 6.25 mg per square meter, rapidly distributed in the subarachnoid space; the peak ventricular concentration of 2 times 10-minus 4 M declined exponentially over 48 hours. Lumbar cerebrospinal-fluid concentration reached a maximum of 5 times 10-minus 5 M four hours after injection and then fell exponentially. Administration by lumbar puncture occasionally produced epidural and subdural leakage; even with successful lumbar puncture, ventricular methotrexate concentration varied considerably from patient to patient despite similar doses. Administration by Ommaya reservoir more reliably produced adequate cerebrospinal fluid distribution than administration by lumbar puncture. PMID- 806017 TI - Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - We studied 204 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease to delineate further the causes of that illness. Gonococci were recovered from 91. Gonococcal pili antibody rose or fell significantly in 12 of 18 patients with positive cultures and only two of 19 who had negative cultures and smears for Neisseria gonorrhaoea(P smaller than 0.005). N. gonorrhoeae was found in peritoneal exudate from eight of 21 patients with, and none of 33 without, cervical gonococcal infection. Among patients with severe disease, other bacteria were recovered from peritoneal exudates from five of 16 with, and 19 of 22 without, cervical gonococcal infection (P smaller than 0.025). Mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial peritoneal infection was common in nongonococcal pelvic disease. The most common species recovered were Bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococci, and peptococci. Tuboperitoneal gonococcal infection probably causes pelvic inflammatory disease in most patients with cervical gonococcal infection, whereas polymicrobial tuboperitoneal infection probably causes most nongonococcal cases. PMID- 806018 TI - Nitrogen-sparing intravenous fluids in postperative patients. AB - Improved nitrogen sparing was demonstrated in 20 patients undergoing either head and-neck operations or abdominal explorations, who were randomized to receive intravenously either 3 per cent amino acids or 5 per cent dextrose. Infusions were started immediately after operation and continued for a minimum of six days. In patients receiving amino acids, as compared with those receiving dextrose, mean cumulative six-day nitrogen losses were significantly lower (42 plus or minus 5 g [S.E.M.] and 74 plus or minus 7 g, respectively--P smaller 0.005), as were serum glucose and insulin levels, but beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and blood urea nitrogen were significantly elevated. No adverse effects of the amino acid solution were observed. The presumed mechanism for improved nitrogen sparing is a decrease in serum glucose and insulin levels, allowing greater endogenous fat mobilization and utilization, thus sparing lean body mass. PMID- 806019 TI - Editorial: Intravenous amino acids. PMID- 806020 TI - Functional fractionation of human cytotoxic cells using differences in their cation requirements. PMID- 806021 TI - 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, a normal DNA constituent in certain Bacillus subtilis phages is cytostatic for mammalian cells. PMID- 806023 TI - Genetical and environmental diversity in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 806022 TI - Melanocyte-stimulating hormone promotes activation of pre-existing tyrosinase molecules in Cloudman S91 melanoma cells. PMID- 806024 TI - Cytotoxicity of isolated plasma membranes from lymph node cells. PMID- 806025 TI - A complex genetic locus that controls of the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Drosophila. PMID- 806027 TI - Operant conditioning of the squirrel monkey with social reinforcement. PMID- 806028 TI - Nasal disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). PMID- 806026 TI - [Nature of bacteriocins]. AB - The bacteriocins comprise a large, heterogeneous group of bactericidal substances produced by bacteria from widely differing species. The best known bacteriocins are the colicins. Some aspects of research on colicins are discussed especially their chemical nature and mode of action, and their genetic determinants. PMID- 806029 TI - [The clinical management of meso-patients]. PMID- 806030 TI - Brain proteins in undernourished rats during learning. AB - The effect of protein calorie undernourishment was studied in the hippocampus, the visual and the sensory-motor cortex of rats, subjected to a reversal learning test, with respect to protein fractions containing the acid proteins S-100 and 14 3-2. These proteins are brain specific and are confined to the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. The 14-3-2 protein is localized in the fractions 4 and 5 counted from the anodal front in an acrylamide electrophoretic separation. Incorporation of 1-14-C-leucine and 3-H-leucine was determined in single and double-labeling experiments. The rats learned to discriminate between dark and light in a reversal and in a final re-reversal test. Extinction rats served as a comparison to trained rats although we stress the comparison trained, undernourished versus trained, fully fed rats. Behaviorally, the undernourished rats showed lower acquisition expressed as number of correct responses per trial block, but a somewhat higher rate of acquisition compared to the fully fed rats. In the untrained rats (undernourished versus fully fed) the following was found: a decreased amount of S100 in the visual cortex; an increased amount of S100 in the sensory-motor cortex. Significant differences existed in the biochemical response between the two groups of rats in the learning test (trained, undernourished versus trained, fully fed rats): decreased relative specific activities of the hippocampal S100, 4 and 5 proteins, and the 4 protein of the visual cortex; but increased relative specific activities of the 4 and 5 proteins of the sensory-motor cortex. Evidence is presented that these protein changes are specific. The changed response of the undernourished rats is interpreted as an adaption of the central nervous system to the stress on the organism induced by the protein calorie deficiency. PMID- 806031 TI - In vivo human pharmacodynamics of the psychodysleptic 4-BR-2,5 dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine labelled with 'BRor 'BR. PMID- 806032 TI - Proceedings: Structural changes in the membrane of Vero cells infected with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. PMID- 806034 TI - [Qualitative amniotic fluid changes in some hemolytic anemias of the fetus and of the mother. Biliographic review]. PMID- 806033 TI - [New method for the functional and cytological study of the pancreas]. PMID- 806035 TI - Malignant degeneration of thoracic neurofibromata. PMID- 806036 TI - Survival in lithium intoxication, status epilepticus, and prolonged comma. PMID- 806037 TI - Editorial: The physician's responsibility in improvement of long-term care of the aged. PMID- 806038 TI - Alzheimer's disease. Evaluation of immunologic indices. PMID- 806039 TI - Postictal pulmonary edema. PMID- 806040 TI - Arthrokatadysis of hip following convulsive seizure. PMID- 806041 TI - Chronic disease hospital. Role as health-provider agency. PMID- 806042 TI - Interstitial air emphysema during a restorative procedure. Case report. PMID- 806043 TI - Postoperative endophthalmitis: a comparison of methods for treatment and prophlaxis with gentamicin. AB - Toxicity of gentamicin and its use in the treatment of experimentally induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis were studied in the postoperative aphakic eye. The retinal toxicity of intravitreal gentamicin was different from toxicity in the intact eye and varied with the method of injection. Successful prophylaxis of induced postoperative infection was obtained with an intravitreal injection of 30 mu-g of gentamicin but not with sub-Tenon's administration of gentamicin. Treatment for progressive endophthalmitis was effective with high dose (200 mu-g) gentamicin alone, or a combination of low-dose (30 mu-g) gentamicin with topical and systemic gentamicin. Either sub-conjunctival and systemic gentamicin or low dose gentamicin alone was ineffective once endophthalmitis was in progress. Although vitrectomy removed abscess products, it failed in this experiment to provide better results than the other modes of therapy. PMID- 806044 TI - [Therapeutic results in 45 children with congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 806045 TI - [Study and results of a standard antibiotic treatment after perforation of the eyeball]. PMID- 806046 TI - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of organisms isolated from acute soft tissue abscesses secondary to dental caries. PMID- 806048 TI - Bilateral mandibular metastases. PMID- 806047 TI - Craniocarpotarsal dysplasia syndrome (whistling face syndrome). Case reports and survey of clinical findings. AB - Case histories of two patients with the whistling face syndrome are presented. The most striking features are microstomia, midface hypoplasia, scoliosis, and retarded growth. Family histories were unremarkable, except possibly in Patient K. B.'s family, where three miscarriages in six pregnancies were noted. Biochemical and chromosome analysis did not reveal obvious changes. The genetics implied a sporadic inheritance pattern. PMID- 806049 TI - Letter: Differences between Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species D.simulans to radioresistance using isofemale strains from natural populations. PMID- 806050 TI - [Clinical, roentgenological and biochemical differential diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, III and IV I. Clinical and roentgeno-morphological differentiation]. PMID- 806051 TI - [Hpoglycemia caused by neonatal exchange transfusion]. PMID- 806052 TI - Arylsulfatase B deficiency in Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome: Cellular studies and carrier identification. AB - Arylsulfatase B deficiency was demonstrated in peripheral leukocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts, and a lymphoid line derived from a patient with MLS. The patient's parents demonstrated levels of arylsulfatase B that were intermediate between those found in patient and those in control subjects. The activity (mean plus or minus SD) in leukocytes from normal subjects, the patient's parents, and the patient was 113.7 plus or minus 36.2, 31.0, and 5.2 nmol 4-nitrocatechol/mg protein/hr, respectively. In skin fibroblasts of the same subjects the activity was 145.2 plus or minus 41.6, 58.5, and 7.0, respectively. Nine other lysosomal enzymes were normal in skin fibroblasts of the patient. No arylsulfatase B activity was detected in a lymphoid line established from the patient with MLS. The arylsulfatase B activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells from 10 normal pregnancies was 203.2 plus or minus 49.9. PMID- 806053 TI - [Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 806056 TI - [Nordic symposium. Prenatal diagnosis of genetically determined diseases]. PMID- 806054 TI - Variations of rat thyroid activity during exposure to high environmental temperature (34 degrees C). Relation between hypothalamic pituitary and thyroid hormone levels. AB - Changes in thyroid activity and variations in the hypthalamo-pituitary-thyroid hormone levels were examined in rats exposed to heat (34 degrees C)for3 weeks. Thyroid activity evaluated histologically (epithelium/colloid ratio, nuclear size) by radioiodine exploration (24 hrs 125 I uptake, ratio of mono- to di-125 iodotyrosines - MIT/DIT, ratio of tri- to tetra-125 iodothyronines-T3/T4, and plasma 125I-T4 and assay of plasma T4, evolves in a triphasic manner. 1.a depression phase between day 0 and day 2.5. 2. a rebound of thyroid activity between day 2.5 and day 9.3 a stabilization of thyroid parameters from day 9 to day 24. These results indicate adaptation of thyroid function to heat after 3 weeks. In phase i, plasma TSH )MeKenzie bioassay) fell to undectable levels concurrent with a 50% decrease in hypothalamic TRH (in vitro assay). Plasma TSH peaked on day 4.5, fell on day 9.5 and returned progressively to initial levels. Hypothalamic TRH returned to initial levels after 6.5 days. The rapid and simultaneous decrease in hypothalamic TRH, plasma TSH, plasma T4 and thyroid activity by the 36th hour of heat exposure (34 degrees C) suggests initiation at the hypothalamic level. In the secound phase, the rebound in thyroid activity is presumably due to the peak in circulating TSH in ralation to the marked decrease in plasma T4. The oscillations of phase 2 and the stabilization of all the thyroid parameters in phase 3 may be the reflection of an apparent discrepancy remains between a low plasma T4 and a normal or subnormal plasma TSH. A modification in the "set point" for the control of TSH secretion is discussed. PMID- 806055 TI - [Editorial: Economic considerations in the health sector]. PMID- 806057 TI - Listeria monocytogenes. isolation from sheep and goats in northern Norway. serogrouping and some biochemical reactions. AB - Listeriosis is a zoonosis of world-wide importance in many different animal species, especially cattle, sheep and goats. This report presents results of examinations of Listeria monocytogenes strains from sheep and goats in Northern Norway. PMID- 806058 TI - Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes type 04 from cases of keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep. AB - Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep is usually recognized as a summer problem. The infective agency usually isolated from cattle is Moraxella bovis. In sheep Neisseria ovis and Rickettsia (Colesiota) conjunctivae are expected to be found. This report describes isolations of Listeria monocytogenes from eye inflammations in housed cattle and sheep. PMID- 806059 TI - Scrambled budgets. PMID- 806060 TI - A new tool for cancer research. PMID- 806061 TI - [Parenteral feeding in diarrhea in newborn infants]. PMID- 806062 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in burns]. PMID- 806064 TI - [New modification of the operation for feeding jejunostomy]. PMID- 806063 TI - [Early results of Intal treatment of asthma and obturative bronchitis]. PMID- 806065 TI - Fowl cholera: immunologic and werologic response in turdeys to live Pasteruella multocida vaccine administered in the drinking water. AB - Live fowl cholera vaccine administered in drinking water induced immunity in young turkeys against a challenge of a different immunogenic type of Pasteurella multocida; this is referred to as cross-immunity. Serum from the vaccinated birds induced passive cross-immunity in chicks and turkeys; this demonstrated that the cross-immunity induced with the drinking water vaccine was associated with the humoral system. Results of serologic tests with agar grown P. multocida indicate that agglutinins and precipitins are not associated with the induced cross-immunity. A live culture of P. multodica previously reported to induce cross-immunity in mature turkeys without causing adverse effects when administered in the drinking water, killed 6 of 45 (13 per cent) poults in the present study; this demonstrated that young turkeys are more susceptible to fowl cholera than mature turkeys. PMID- 806066 TI - The relation between monosodium glutamate inducing brain damage, and body weight, food intake, semen production and endocrine criteria in the fowl. AB - Various dosages of monosodium glutamate (M.S.G.) were injected to 5 day old male chicks. Body weights, food intake, rate of obesity, semen production, some endocrine criteria and brain pathology were studied til 235 days post injection. All M.S.G. treated birds showed brain damage in the rotundus nuclei, and in the area located dorsolaterally to the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (V.M.H.). In some of the M.S.G. treated birds, additional brain regions were damaged, i.e. V.M.H., mammillary nuclei, dorsomedial anterior nuclei, ovoid nuclei, subrotundus nuclei, archistriatum and lateral forebrain bundles. Some of the M.S.G. treated birds showed marked abdominal fat deposition or low spermatozoan motility. It was impossible to attribute these changes to the dosage of M.S.G. injected. No significant differences were found in these parameters between the treated birds and the saline injected ones. When the M.S.G. treated birds were categorized on the basis of brain damage in specific sites, the following was observed: 1) Birds with V.M.H. damage accumulated significant larger amounts of fat in the abdominal adipose tissue than the rest of the M.S.G. treated birds. 2) Those M.S.G. treated birds, showing brain damage in their mammillary nuclei, produced semen of a very low spermatozoan motility rate as compared to the rest of the M.S.G. treated birds and the controls. PMID- 806067 TI - Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on shell gland carbonic anhydrase and egg shell thickness in Japanese quail. AB - Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were fed different levels of pesticide in their diets for 15 weeks. The levels of pesticide used were 25, 50, 100, 200 p.p.m. DDE 25, 50, 100, 200 p.p.m. DDT and 50 p.p.m. PCB. Carbonic anhydrase activities were analyzed in the shell glands and blood; pesticide concentration in the eggs of the first experiment was measured; egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness were also measured. No depression in growth was observed at any levels of pesticides used. Quail fed 200 p.p.m. DDE showed a high mortality rate after 10--12 weeks on the diet, while other levels produced no increase in death rate. Lower levels of DDT and DDE (25 and 50 p.p.m.) had no significant effect on egg shell weight or thickness. Higher levels (100 and 200 p.p.m) of DDT and DDE produced a small increase in shell weight and a 5 per cent decrease in shell thickness and were associated with increased shell breakage. At levels of 25 p.p.m. and 50 p.p.m. DDE, the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland was significantly increased. At levels of 200 p.p.m. DDE and 100 p.p.m. DDT in the diet, the activity of carbonic anhydrase was decreased by 12--15 per cent. A 50 per cent reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity in the shell gland seemed to be necessary for an increased production of soft shelled eggs when it was induces by sulfanilamide. Pesticide residues in the eggs of Japanes quail up to about 300 p.p.m. DDE and 150 p.p.m. DDT were not associated with any change in egg shell thickness. At about 600 p.p.m. DDE and 500 p.p.m. DDT in the eggs, corresponding to 100 and 200 p.p.m. in the diet, the egg shell thickness was reduced by 5 per cent. PCB at 50 p.p.m. produced a small decrease (4.5 per cent) in shell thickness and an increase in the percentage of cracked eggs. PMID- 806068 TI - Attmepts to induce chromosomal breakage in chicken embryos with Aroclor 1242. AB - Fertile White Leghorn eggs were injected with Aroclor 1242 and incubated for four to five days. More than 65 percent of the exposed embryos died prior to examination at the end of the incubation period. The five largest pairs of chromosomes from allantoic squashes were examined for the presence of chromosomal breakage in 753 metaphases from PCB-treated eggs and 196 metaphases from controls. Failure to detect chromosomal aberrations in either group indicated that Aroclor 1242, in concentrations of 10 p.p.m. or 20 p.p.m. in the egg, is not an effective clastogen in the chicken embryo. PMID- 806069 TI - [Gonococcal - septicaemia. clinical aspects based on the literature and a case report]. PMID- 806071 TI - [Injuries of the ligaments and fibrous capsula on the knee and on the upper ankle (author's transl)]. PMID- 806070 TI - [Comparative catamnestic investigations on the psychic reaction after sterilisation and long-term intake of oral contraceptives for family-planning]. PMID- 806072 TI - [The nutrition of obese patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The authors elaborated the main principles of diet therapy in diabetics with adipostiy: their weight was normalized with the aid of a low caloric diet with limited amount of carbohydrates and fats, but with the normal protein content. Two groups should be distinguished among the adipose patients: those without diabetic ketoaoidosis in the anamnesis or during the observation period; their diet differed by the extent of limiting of carbohydrates. As a result of the treatment carbohydrate metabolism was compensated with normalization of the glycemic curve; a tendency to normalization of lipid metabolism was noted; immunoreactive properties of the organism were increased. PMID- 806073 TI - [Effect of dimethylbenzanthracene on lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in man]. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were subjected to the action--at first of phitohemagglutinin (PHA) and then of 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in various concentrations. Lymphocytes subjected to the action of PHA and then of the DMBA (in a dose of 0.5 gamma/ml) continued to divide during the whole observation period (14 days). The action of DMBA on the intact lymphocytes not only failed to induce their division, but also eliminated their sensitivity to the subsequent action of PHA at least for several days. The results obtained are discussed from the aspect of general oncogenesis theory put forward earlier. PMID- 806074 TI - [Organization of bacteriological examination of tuberculosis patients in the Lithuania SSR]. PMID- 806075 TI - [Clinico-microbiological comparisons in renal tuberculosis after nephrectomy]. PMID- 806076 TI - Summary statement of the Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 806077 TI - Use of the adenylate energy charge ratio to measure growth state of natural microbial communities. AB - Measurement of the adenylate energy charge ratio is proposed as a means of determining the growth state of natural microbial communities and the effect of environmental changes on them. Observations on microbial cultures and on natural microbial populations from the Western North Atlantic Ocean water and from sediments of a costal salt marsh show that energy charge measurements do show the metabolic state of communities as well as species populations. PMID- 806078 TI - Electrophoretic separation of Bacillus subtilis genes. AB - The cleavage of Bacillus subtilis DNA by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease produced segments which retain various degrees of genetic transforming activity. The active segments analyzed thus far, range in size from 23 to 3 kilobases and can be partially separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Various markers can thus be enriched from 30- to 60-fold. PMID- 806079 TI - Nature of the increase in renal ornithine decarboxylase activity after cycloheximide administration in the rat. AB - The present study was designed to determine whether the increase in rat renal ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity after cycloheximide administration was a primary effect on the kidney or was a secondary effect of adrenal or pituitary hormones released in response to the drug. Renal ornithine decarboxylase activity was reduced approximately 70% 1 hr after intraperitoneal administration of doses of cycloheximide that also inhibited renal protein synthesis by 68-95% within 1 hr. Protein synthesis began to recover by the second hour, accompanied by a rise in decarboxylase activity that reached a peak about six times greater than pretreatment values at 8 hr, then gradually declined to preinjection levels by 16 hr. Peak ornithine decarboxylase activity was directly proportional to cycloheximide doses up to 250 mug; larger doses, which almost abolished protein synthesis for 8 hr, where inhibitory. Plasma corticosterone rose rapidly after cycloheximide, reached a peak at 2 hr, then fell to baseline by 8 hr. Corticosterone response was also dose-dependent up to 250 mug, but larger doses were inhibitorymadrenalectomy did not reduce decarboxylase activity response to cycloheximide, nor did cortisol administration enhance it. Hypophysectomy greatly reduced baseline renal decarboxylase activity within 9 hr and all but abolished the increase in enzyme activity normally seen after cycloheximide administration to the intact rat. The hypophysectomized animal exhibited apparent increased sensitivity to cycloheximide, since a smaller dose of the drug caused a reduction in renal protein synthesis similar to that seen with a larger dose in the intact rat. As protein synthesis was recovering in the hypophysectomized animals, renal decarboxylase activity responded adequately to the injection of a crude pituitary extract. These data suggest that renal ornithine decarboxylase turnover is rapid, that baseline activity is.maintained by new protein synthesis, and that the increase in renal enzyme activity after cycloheximide is in larger part dependent upon pituitary hormone action. PMID- 806082 TI - Spectral properties of phycobilisomes and phycobiliproteins from the blue-green alga-nostoc sp. PMID- 806080 TI - Conversion of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase activity in vitro by a protein induced by phage SP01. AB - A protein fraction from B. subtilis infected with phage SP01 (fraction LGG) stimulates the activity of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase) core from uninfected bacteria. Fraction LGG contains a protein (P-28, molecular weight 28,000) that is labeled after phage infection and binds tightly to RNA polymerase core at a relatively high ionic strength. B. subtilis RNA polymerase core with bound P-28 has the transcription specificity of the previously purified, phage-modified B-P RNA polymerase; the latter contains two subunits, v-28 and v-13 (molecular weights 28,000 and 13,000, respectively) that are synthesized after phage infection. Both enzymes transcribe SP01 DNA preferentially and direct the asymmetric synthesis of viral middle RNA. P-28, like v-28, binds more tightly to B. subtilis RNA polymerase core than the B. subtilis initiation factor, sigma, at higher ionic strength. We propose that P-28 and v-28 are the same protein. P-28 and, by implication, v-28 suffice to endow the bacterial RNA polymerase core with a novel transcription specificity. PMID- 806081 TI - Phylogenetic origin of the chloroplast and prokaryotic nature of its ribosomal RNA. AB - The 16S ribosomal RNA of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast has been characterized in terms of its two-dimensional electrophoretic "fingerprint" (T1 ribonuclease). Results show it to be a typically prokaryotic 16 S rRNA. By the present criterion, different chloroplasts are shown to be related to one another and at least distantly to blue-green algae and perhaps to Bacillaceae. These results argue in favor of an endosymbiont origin of the chloroplast. PMID- 806083 TI - Spectral characterization of high-molecular-weight phytochrome. PMID- 806084 TI - Mechanism of photoreduction of thiazine dyes by EDTA studied by flash photolysis III. Consequences of a newly found pKT of thionine on the mechanism in basic solutions. PMID- 806085 TI - Poison-based avoidance learning in nonhuman primates: use of visual cues. PMID- 806086 TI - Tail-cuff method for measuring systolic bold pressure in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 806087 TI - Central neurophysiology of the functional psychoses. PMID- 806088 TI - Drug effects on behavior maintained by aversive events. PMID- 806089 TI - Brain monoamines and behavior. PMID- 806090 TI - The behavioral pharmacology of psychoactive drugs. PMID- 806091 TI - Measurements taken in the normal spinal column and their use in the diagnosis of platyspondylisis. AB - Determination of factors F 1 and F 2 in the normal cervicothoracolumbar portion of the spinal column will convey an impression of the ratio between the width and height of the bodies of the vertebrae. An increase of factors F 1 and F 2 may be due to marked wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebral bodies but also to platyspondylisis. These determinations are mainly useful in that they make possible a more objective approach to the concept of platyspondylisis. In addition to the F values, normal and pathological curves are of importance. In view of the above, a family is discussed, which included a few cases in which a tentative diagnosis of the late form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia was established. In addition to platyspondylisis, marked arthrotic lesions were observed at the hip joints, knee joints and a number of more peripherally situated joints. The differential diagnosis from the late form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is discussed. PMID- 806092 TI - Problems and trends in radiotherapeutic treatment of deep-seated tumors. AB - The heterogeneous structure of tumors is described and the importance of oxygen is explained and analyzed. Three ways of solving the clinical problems of anoxic tumor cells are today being tried. Hyperbaric oxygen breathing before and during irradiation; using fast neutrons and thirdly the use of improved treatment schemes with low LET (i.e. low alpha-value) radiation. The various methods are described and critically evaluated. Calculations are made with the two-component model of radiation. The improved treatment schemes seem in most cases to work well and to solve the problem. If necessary, for certain radio-resistant tumors the normal treatment might also be supplemented by other methods. PMID- 806093 TI - 6 MeV rotational therapy with a midline shield for superficial skin tumors. PMID- 806094 TI - Tumor microvasculature following fractionated x irradiation. AB - The microvasculature of C3H/Bi mouse mammary carcinomas 8 mm in average diameter was evaluated using morphometric methods following six consecutive daily exposures of 500 R of x radiation. Tumor volume did not change significantly during the intervals between treatments. Tumors began to grow again 72 hours after the sixth 550-R fraction, with mean vessel length and surface area reaching maximum values and vessel diameters and volumes becoming minimal at this time. These changes were attributed to improved colloidal-carbon filling of previously existing nonfunctional vessles. When anatomically derived estimates of vascular dimensions were related to a metabolically useful blood supply, improved capability for exchange of essential nutrients occurred 72 hours after the sixth 500-R fraction. PMID- 806095 TI - Damage to mouse lung with fractionated neutrons and x rays. AB - The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for damage to mouse lung was measured for single doses and up to 30 fractions of 8 MV x rays and fast neutrons, relative to 250 kVp x rays. With 8 MV x rays the RBE was 0.87 and did not vary with dose per fraction between 150 and 1200 rad. With fast neutrons the RBE did not vary from 1.5 at 1200 rad of x rays, which is about 30% lower than that for skin, to 3.7 at 150 rad of x rays, which is about 10% less than that for skin. The implications for treatment of the lung with fast neutrons are discussed. PMID- 806096 TI - Initial comparative response of experimental tumors to peak pions and x rays. PMID- 806097 TI - Microdosimetry of negative poins at LAMPF. AB - Lineal energy distributions and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra are being measured at the biomedical facility of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for a negative pion beam having an initial momentum of 168 MeV/c. The results show that the fraction of the dose for lineal energies greater than 50 keV/mum is approximately 2% in the plateau and approximately 12% at the Bragg peak. Preliminary data indicate that the high lineal energy (and high LET) component increases significantly in the region slightly downstream from the peak. PMID- 806098 TI - Characteristics of a negative pion beam in a therapeutic application. AB - Lithium-drifted silicon detectors were used to investigate the components of the pion beam at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The components of the incoming beam are about 5% electrons, 10% muons, and 85% pions. Pulse spectra of the incoming beam and of the "stars" produced by the pions were obtained in a phantom. The analysis of the spectra into different LET components showing where pions are most effective is presented. PMID- 806100 TI - Collimator misalignment in high energy therapy machines. AB - Measurements of the intensity distribution of a 60-Co beam revealed a significant field distortion caused by minor misalignment of the collimator assembly which was not detected by routine methods. Accurate monitoring of radiation intensity distribution and periodic visual inspection of collimators are suggested for early detection of this problem. PMID- 806099 TI - The induction of non-specific autoimmune phenomena by radiotherapy. AB - Induction of autoimmune phenomena by radiotherapy was evaluated with fluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANA), latex fixation, and C'3 complement. 27 random serum samples obtained prior to radiotherapy revealed only a low C'3 in a patient with Hodgkin's disease and Sjogren's syndrome. 33 random serum samples obtained after radiotherapy revealed 7 positive values (5 FANA, 1 latex fixation, and 1 C'3). The increase in positive values was statistically significant. PMID- 806101 TI - [Infectivity of DNA-protein complex: transfection of Bacillus phage phi29 (author's transl)]. PMID- 806105 TI - [Benign monoclonal paraproteins]. PMID- 806103 TI - Biological activities of 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinorprostaglandins. AB - In a number of assay systems, some 17-phenyl-trinor-prostaglandins were similar in activity and potency to the corresponding parent prostaglandin. In others, the 17-phenyl analogs appeared several times more potent. In the hamster antifertility assay, which is considered to measure luteolytic activity, 17 phenyl-18,19,20-trinor prostaglandin F2alpha was about 90-times PGF2alpha in potency. Rat blood pressure responses to 17-phenyl analogs were significant. The 17-phenyl-trinor PGF2alpha pressor potency was 5 times that of PGF2alpha. The 17 phenyl-trinor PGE2 blood pressure response was atypical since a pressor rebound phenomenon followed the expected depressor response. Lastly, 17-phenyl-trinor PGF2alpha was more potent than PGF2alpha in synchronizing the estrous cycle in beef cows. PMID- 806106 TI - [Ulcerated giant diverticulum of the 3rd portion of the duodenum]. PMID- 806104 TI - [Activation of the complement in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and in syphilitic nephropathy]. PMID- 806102 TI - Prostaglandin d2 as a potential antithrombotic agent. AB - Prostaglandin D2 was found to be a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Aggregation of human platelets by ADP, collagen and prostaglandin G2 was inhibited more strongly by PGD2 than by PGE1. Although ADP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets was inhibited more strongly by PGE1 than by PGD2 the latter prostaglandin gave a more long-lasting inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation following intravenous or oral administration. These results coupled with the finding that PGD2 has less hypotensive effects on the cardiovascular system than PGE1 suggest the possible use of PGD2 as an antithrombotic agent. PMID- 806107 TI - [Fibrinogen and its degradation products in the synovial fluid of 100 rheumatic patients and its comparison with the proteinogram and immunodiffusion]. PMID- 806109 TI - [Anatomo-pathological aspects of the skin in congenital Chagas' disease]. PMID- 806108 TI - [Gilbert's syndrome. New acquisitions concerning its clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapeutic trends]. PMID- 806110 TI - [Congenital Chagas' disease. Study of 29 cases]. PMID- 806111 TI - [Acute accidental Chagas' disease (through blood transfusion from a chagasic donor)]. PMID- 806112 TI - Studies on the reversibility of oral trypsin inhibitor induced changes of rat pancreatic exocrine enzyme activity and insulin secretory capacity. AB - Rats were given a daily dose of bovine trypsin inhibitor for 3 weeks (Group 3 A) or 8 weeks (Group 8 A) via an orogastric tube. In another rat group the trypsin inhibitor after 3 weeks was replaced by water for another 5 weeks (Group 8 B). In group 3 A and 8 A an enlargement of the pancreatic gland was found. In group 3 A and 8A the pancreatic protein was increased. In group 3 A and 8 A the pancreatic trypsinogen increased in a more pronounced way than the amylase, while the pancreatic lipase was found to be uninfluenced by the trypsin inhibitor treatment. Five weeks after the cessation of a 3-week treatment the only remaining effect on the exocrine pancreas was an increase of the pancreatic trypsinogen. In group 3A an impairment of insulin secretion following intravenous L-isopropylnoradrenaline and glibenclamide was found. Glucose levels were similar to those of the control rats. Furthermore, a slight decrease of the pancreatic insulin content per g protein was found in these rats. In group 8A and 8B, the insulin secretory pattern was found to be normal following intravenous glucose administration, and an increased glucose elimination rate (k-value) compared with the control group suggested a favourable effect of oral trypsin inhibitor treatment on the glucose tolerance, PMID- 806113 TI - [When is a radioisotope diagnosis indicated in thyroid diseases and when is it superfluous?]. AB - In response to the question when radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) are necessary or superfluous in the diagnostic workup of thyroid disease, the following observations can be made: 1. Radionuclides are almost ubiquitously used for the specific and relevant in-vitro tests for measuring the circulating thyroid hormones (T4 und T3, etc.) and necessitate a very small quantity of serum. They lead in approximately 90% of cases of the correct diagnosis, especially when supported by careful clinical workup. 2. The use of radionuclides is of unquestionable value for scanning the thyroid gland and thus permitting the localization of normal vs. ectopic thyroid tissue, and the recognition of active ("warm" or "hot") vs. inactive ("cold") areas, especially in nodular goiter. 3. As the best screening tests for hypo- or hyperthyroidism are those related to the level of circulating thyroid hormones (see above), thyroid radionuclide uptake tests have lost much of their diagnostic value. However, the measurement of thyroidal radionuclide uptake remains valuable whenever radioiodine treatment is considered and in detailed thyroid function studies, and its also useful in the follow-up of drug-treated hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid uptake measurements may be of particular interest in so-called dynamic tests (e.g. TSH-stimulation, T3-suppression). 4. Finally, attention is drawn to the fact that, according to AITCHISON et al. (1), our capacity to interpret multidimensional information properly is limited. Thus, experience and precise knowledge help to economize the use of radionuclides and permit minimal application with maximal output. PMID- 806115 TI - Letter: Allometry and early hominids. PMID- 806114 TI - Control factor of nuclear cycles in cilate conjugation: cell-to-cell transfer in multicellular complexes. AB - Multicellular complexes of Blepharisma intermedium are regularly produced by treating doublet cells with the gamone of complementary mating type. Cells remain united without undergoing nuclear cycles of conjugation. However, if a cell of complementary mating type unites, nuclear cycles begin at the site of this union and propagate all through the multicellular complex. PMID- 806116 TI - Hammondia hammondi: A new coccidium of cats producing cysts in muscle of other mammals. AB - Predominant muscle parasitism, and an obligatory two-host cycle (cat-mouse-cat), distinguishes an otherwise similar organism from Toxoplasma. The presence of multiplicative stages in the cat gut separate it from Sarcocystis. Antibody that cross reacts with Toxoplasma antigen is developed in mice and other experimental intermediary hosts, but not in cats, the final host. Recognition of the two-host cycle is essential for the experimental isolation and transmission of the parasite, and for prevention of the infection. PMID- 806117 TI - Myositis ossificans progressiva: a review of current problems. PMID- 806118 TI - Amygdalotomy for bilateral temporal lobe seizures. AB - A 37-year-old woman had bilateral anygdalotomy for psychomotor and minor motor seizures and long periods of very pronounced mental depression. The patient has been seizure-free for four years postoperatively. A preoperative left temporal spike focus disappeared after extensive left anygdalotomy. Of particular interest in this case is the recovery of olfactory and memory functions which were partially impaired by the bilateral lesions. Bilateral anygdalotomy is effective in relieving temporal lobe seizures without the complications and deficits that usually occur with resections of the bilateral temporal lobe. PMID- 806119 TI - [Metabolic disorders imitating acute abdomen]. PMID- 806120 TI - Total body potassium, potassium retention and potassium intake in protein energy malnutrition. AB - The total body potassium (TBK) and potassium retention were measured during the early stages of recovery of malnourished children on three levels of potassium intake. A potassium intake of 2 mEq/kg/day resulted in significantly greater potassium retention than one of 3 mEq/kg/day. A higher level of intake (15 mEq/kg/day) did not result in an absolute increase in potassium retention and is not recommended because of its theoretical dangers, although it may have stimulated an increase in potassium capacity. PMID- 806121 TI - Treatment of diabetic coma with low-dose hourly intramuscular insulin. AB - Ten diabetics with severe hyperglycaemia were treated with hourly low-dose intramuscular insulin injections. Five patients were keto-acidotic with a mean initial plasma glucose of 842 mg/100 ml and 5 were non-ketotic with a mean initial plasma glucose of 1 223 mg/100 ml. In every case there was an approximately linear and predictable lowering of plasma glucose, the average rate being 79 mg/100 ml/h in the ketotic group and 132 mg/100 ml/h in the non-ketotic group. Results closely paralleled those reported with continuous low-dose infusion techniques and this study supports the view of Alberti et al. that hourly intramuscular insulin therapy is a simple and reliable alternative to infusion therapy where necessary equipment is unavailable. PMID- 806122 TI - Bone induction effect of fine bone shavings in polyester fibre. An experimental study. AB - Autogenous marrow-free bone shavings of dense lamellar bone spread over polyester mesh were transplanted into muscle, the palate and the tibia. A thin sheet of silastic was used to eliminate the induction effect of the adjacent bone, and the results were evaluated histologically. It was found that finely divided autogenous bone shavings actively induce new bone formation, and that the rate of bone production depends on the proximity of bone-competent tissue, such as a muscle tendon or a muscle attachment. Osteogenesis is also stimulated by a direct blood supply from the adjacent bone. Polyester mesh (Mersilene) is a relatively inert material, which could be used to great advantage in the transplantation of bone. Preliminary results of this research indicate that it may be of great value in bone reconstruction. These experiments support the idea of a non-cellular and diffusible bone stimulatory substance which influences the inducible osteogenic precursor cells to produce bone. PMID- 806123 TI - Electrocardiographic measurement of cardiac function. Are the amplitude changes of the S wave indicative of changes in the size of the heart? AB - Preliminary tests to determine whether there is an electromechanical link between the electrocardiogram and cardiac function have been done by means of echocardiography. Three different haemodynamic manipulations which alter cardiac function, viz. nitroglycerin, intravenous digoxin and exercise-induced angina, were used. The changes in the S-wave amplitude, in selected leads, appear to be directionally related to the changes in the left ventricular enddiastolic volume. It is thus suggested that the S-wave changes may be indicative of changes in cardiac function. PMID- 806124 TI - [Tube feeding or nipple? An alternative]. PMID- 806125 TI - Taratogenic effects of the pyrimidine analogues 5-iododeoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside in late fetal mice and rats. AB - Pregnant mice and rats were treated daily with 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) or cytosine arabinoside (CA) on 3 consecutive days, beginning on day 16 and 18 of pregnancy, respectively. Offspring were killed at 10 and 20 days of age and the cerebellum, eye, and kidney examined histologically. All offspring of mice treated with 400 mg/kg IUDR were stillborn or died within the first 48 h of life, and deaths occurred at other dosages in both species. In IUDR-exposed mice and rats there was persistence of granule cells in the external granular layer, and scattered foci of microcystic tubular change in the renal cortices. In both species CA produced segmental cerebellar hypoplasia and focal microcystic renal cortical dysplasia. Retinal dysplasia occurred in rats exposed to 50 mg/kg. Lesions were concentrated in the central retina, corresponding with the stage of development at the time of administration of CA. The teratogenic effects of IUDR were minimal and were induced by dosages much higher than normally used in human medicine. On the other hand, lesions were more extensive in mice and rats exposed to CA. Thus, in addition to other known causes of congenital retinal dysplasia, defective development may be drug induced, in this case by the prenatal administration of CA. PMID- 806126 TI - Teratogenesis in cats associated with griseofulvin therapy. AB - Multiple congenital malformations occurred in kittens of three cats treated orally at weekly intervals with 500-1000 mg of the antifungal drug griseofulin. Malformations of the brain included exencephaly, malformed prosencephalon, caudal displacement, and hydrocephalus. Skeletal malformations included cranium bifidium, spina bifida (C1 through C4, and sacral), abnormal atlantooccipital articulation, cleft palate, absence of maxillae, and lack of tail vertebrae. Cyclopia and anophthalmia with absence of optic nerves and rudimentary optic tracts were also observed. Atresia ani, atresia coli, lack of atrioventricular valves in the heart, and absence of external nares and soft palate were other abnormalities present. PMID- 806127 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of Raynaud's phenomenon (author's transl)]. PMID- 806128 TI - [Model of the cardiovascular system: application to the analysis of pharmacological actions]. PMID- 806129 TI - Concanavalin A-induced aggregation of human blood platelets: Ca++-dependent and Ca++-independent effects. AB - Concanavalin A (CON A) causes platelets to aggregate. A Ca++-independent effect of CON A could be separated from a main effect which depends on Ca++. The main effect probably is a consequence of the CON A-induced platelet release reaction and therefore is platelet-specific. The weak residual effect observed in the presence of Na-2EDTA may be due to a similar mechanism as has been demonstrated for CON A-induced aggregations of several other normal and malignant transformed animal cells. Na-2EDTA did not inhibit the carbohydrate-specific binding capacity of CON A. Therefore, Na-2EDTA appears not to demineralize the CON A molecules under these experimental conditions. Alpha-methyl-D-glucoside inhibits the Ca++ independent as well as the Ca++-dependent effect of CON A. Pretreatment by neuraminidase stimulated the platelet aggregation induced by CON A. It is possible that removal of terminal sialic acid residues makes additional receptors accessible for the binding of CON A. PMID- 806131 TI - [Observations from a long term care department]. PMID- 806130 TI - Studies of proteins elutable from cuprophane exposed to human plasma. PMID- 806132 TI - [Prevention of infection and sepsis in parenteral feeding via central venous catheter]. PMID- 806133 TI - [Guidelines for operating room nurses in parenteral nutrition via central venous catheter using the Holm-Wretlind aseptic technic]. PMID- 806134 TI - [Guidelines for the ward nurse in parenteral nutrition via central venous catheter using the Holm-Wretlind aseptic technic]. PMID- 806135 TI - [Practical nurses in nursing service]. PMID- 806136 TI - [Toxicity of polychlorinated biphentls (PCB)]. PMID- 806137 TI - [The efficiency of hyposensitization and disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal) in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 806138 TI - [Cromoglycate (Lomudal Nasal) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 806139 TI - [Environmental toxicologic reflections concerning PCB and other persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons]. PMID- 806140 TI - [Observations on paraplegia. II. Other complications]. PMID- 806141 TI - Effect of ochratoxin A on carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver. PMID- 806142 TI - Biologically effective doses from californium-252 intracavitary applications. AB - Californium-252 which emits fission neutrons and gamma rays is being investigated for applications in brachytherapy. From available experimental results, a value of 6.2 had been arrived at as the RBE for cell killing of californium neutrons relative to radium gavva rays for intracavitary applications based on the revised Manchester system of loading. The LET distributions as well as the ratio of neutron to gamma dose-rates have been estimated and are found to remain almost constant in the volume of interest around such applications. PMID- 806143 TI - Relative genetic efficiency of 50 Me V protons as derived from analyses of chromosome anomalies in human lymphocytes. AB - Based on quantitation of chromosome anomalies observed following in vitro irradiations of human lymphocytes, RGE values were derived for 50 Me V protons relative to 180 kV X-rays. These values indicated 50 Mc V protons to be generally of similar efficiency as X-rays in producing chromosome anomalies in human lymphocytes. However, detailed analysis by types of anomalies observed yielded different RGE values. Thus, 50 Me V protons were found to be 15 percent less efficient than X-rays in producing two-break exchange type aberrations. And inversely, they were about 15 percent more efficient in producing onebread types of aberrations. PMID- 806144 TI - [Preoperative radiotherapy of bladder cancer]. AB - Based on the observation of 58 patients with carcinoma of the bladder the effect of preoperative irradiation is reported. After application of 3500 Rad in about four weeks the examination of the surgery preparations revealed histological absence of tumor cells in one third of the cases approximately. The irradiation technique used is described and also the effects and side-effects of synchronization induced by 5-fluorouracil in a part of the group. Consequences for the therapeutic proceeding with regard to the carcinoma of the bladder are discussed. PMID- 806146 TI - [A combined method for lung and heart examination for the diagnosis of early and late radiation lesions following intrathoracic radiotherapy]. AB - An electro-physiological compound process to establish the radiolesions in the heart and lung is described. This process contributes to the early exact diagnosis of the permanent and momentary radiolesions. This process would be used by 70 patients with a lymphogranulomatosis and 100 patients with a carcinoma of the mammary glands. Changes in the phases of the systole and the diastole which precede the clinical symptoms, would be observed. PMID- 806145 TI - [Treatment possibilities of laryngeal cancer. Surgery--radiotherapy- chemotherapy]. AB - Treatment's possibilities of the carcinoma of larynx are presented and we especially attract notice to require a right distribution of stages in conformity with the prescriptions from the U.I.C.C. Operation's methods and radiotherapeutic possibilities are indicated. Following the author's views, it would be made primary irradiations in the stages T1 and T2, while only after the operation it would be necessary to use a radiotherapy in the stages T3 and T4. The possibility of a preoperative irradiation in the advanced stage is taken up. The problem of the reappared tumor is discussed and it is made a transition to the possibilities of the chemotherapy. The possibilities of a fractionated synchronisation of the intraarterial therapy of the tumor and a possible polychemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 806148 TI - Microdosimetry and the measurement of 45 MeV betatron radiation. AB - Different radiation spectra of a 45 MeV betatron have been measured with a microdosimetric system. The possibilities of microdosimetry in the research on radiation biology have been discussed. PMID- 806147 TI - [Relative biological efficiency of electron and photons of a 42-MeV- betatron. LD 50/30 in mice]. AB - The LD 50/30d in young NMRI mice was determined. Comparison was made for 200 kVp X-rays, Cobalt-60 gamma rays, 35 MeV electrons and 42 MV bremsstrahlung. The dose rate was in all experiments between 60 and 80 rd per minute. The beam geometry and the spatial dose distributions were held as equal as possible. With 200 kVp X rays as unity the same RBE factor (0.80 plus or minus 0.05) resulted for Cobalt 60 gamma rays, 35 MeV electrons and 42 MV bremsstrahlung. PMID- 806149 TI - [Collimators for whole body counter enabling localization]. AB - For the four 6 inches times 4 inches NaJ/Tl-crystals of a whole-body-counter several collimators were developed to perform not only counting but also localization. In respect of their good response, a 19-hole-collimator and several slit-collimators were designed. The geometrical dimensions were chosen in such a way that in a profile-scan one can distinguish between the right and the left side of the body. The physical characteristics, such as plane-source-response, spatial resolution, especially at high gamma-ray-energies, were obtained by analysing line-source-functions [4]. The results show that the advantages of using larger crystals are an increase of focal distance, higher sensitivity and adaptibility to high-energy-gamma-ray emitters. In consequence it is possible to decrease body burden of the patients and to use radionuclides normally not applicated in clinical routine scintigraphy. PMID- 806150 TI - Humoral antibody responses following transplantation in man. AB - Sequential titers of five different humoral antibodies (antirat erythrocyte, antisheep erythrocyte, isoantibodies, rheumatoid factors, and serum agglutinators) were simultaneously performed on 20 patients with renal transplants, 12 patients with skin transplants, and 2 patient populations (one hospitalized and one ambulatory). The results suggested that rises in titer of any of these antibodies could not be used as an indicator of acute rejection. Nevertheless, patients who lacked rejection episodes were unlikely to show humoral responses and always lacked antiglobulin responses. Heterophil responses always preceeded antiglobulin responses. These results suggest that heterophils are cross reacting antibodies and antiglobulins are auxillary immune responses. PMID- 806151 TI - Pentastomiasis in Africans. PMID- 806152 TI - Pneumonia and diarrhoeas: killers of toddlers in developing countries. AB - Pneumonia and diarrhoeas are an important cause of toddler mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Of the 147 children admitted to the University Hospital at Kuala Lumpur in 1971 for pneumonia and diarrhoeas 50 (34%) were found to be suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition of varying degrees of severity. The malnourished children tended to come from poorer homes, and to have a larger number of siblings born in rapid succession when compared with normal weight children. Anemia was more common among the malnourished children. The interaction of infection and malnutrition and the social implications of these diseases are important. It is vital that hospitals in developing countries promote health in addition to their traditional curative role. PMID- 806153 TI - Evaluation of domicilliary management of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - An approach to tackle protein-calorie malnutrition through domiciliary management is described. Children suffering from moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition were managed using a food supplement containing low cost locally available foodstuffs and nutrition education. An evaluation showed that the anthropometric improvement was closely associated with better concepts in nutrition and improved dietary practices following nutrition education. Parents of children suffering from kwashiorkor had better knowledge and practice compared with those of marasmus. PMID- 806154 TI - [Cytomorphological characteristics of continous lymphoid cell culture invaded by Theileria]. AB - Cell types and morphological characteristics of Theileria annulate-invaded cell lines from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes were studied. Parasites in the form of macroschizonts were shown to invade three main cell groups: small lymphocyte type, monocyte type, and large reticulum cell type. Theilerias were found in the cytoplasm of these cells. Fibroblast-like cells present in the culture were free from Theileria. During mitotic division of a host cell, parasites were found to be distributed between daughter cells. Continuous cell lines invaded with Theileria can be used as a laboratory model to study some aspects of parasite host cell interaction. PMID- 806155 TI - [Characteristics of spheroplast formation in the bacterial host in the process of interacting with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus]. PMID- 806158 TI - [Letter: Brain edema and diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 806159 TI - Brucella abortus biotype 1 as a cause of abortion in a bitch. PMID- 806156 TI - Effects of malnutrition on the immune response in humans: a review. PMID- 806160 TI - Letter: Isolating Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 806157 TI - [Diabetic coma and hyperamylasemia]. PMID- 806161 TI - East Coast fever: challenge if immunised cattle by prolonged exposure to infected ticks. PMID- 806162 TI - Microbody (peroxisome) proliferation in mouse kidney induced by methyl clofenapate. AB - Methyl-2-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-phenoxy]-2-methylpropionate (methyl clofenapate) a hypolipidemic compound, was administered in the diet (0.03%) for 2-5 weeks to male wild type (Cs-a strain) mice. Electron microscopic examination of the kidneys revealed a significant increase in the number of single membrane limited organelles in cells of the P1, P2 and P3 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule. Catalase was localized in these organelles cytochemically by incubating tissue in alkaline 3,3 feet-diaminobenzidine medium; which enabled their identification as peroxisomes. There was no increase in lysosomes in the renal tubules of methy l clofenapate treated animals. It is not certain if the presence of large number of peroxisomes in the proximal tubular epithelium causes impairment of renal function. PMID- 806163 TI - [Ultrastructural studies on an animal model of epiphyseolysis. Cells and matrix in the proximal growth plate of the rat tibia after administration of DL serine(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl)-hydrazide] (author's transl) AB - After administration of DL-serine-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl-)hydrazide, the growth plate of rat tibia, and most of all the zone of hypertrophic cartilage, is much widened. Numerous chondrocytes become necrotic, and their columnar arrangement disappears. There is no zone vascular invasion. Spontaneous epiphyseolyses occur frequently, The ergastoplasm is damaged most; it is dilated and forms giant and/or collapsed cisternae. At a later stage it is reduced to a few vesicles. It is assumed that the chondrocytic synthesis and secretion are disturbed. The loss of cytoplasmic processes also confirms this. In the cartilage matrix there are broad collagen fibres of an axial periodicity of 650 A, which are atypical of hyaline cartilage. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the distrubed fibrillogenesis are discussed in conncetion with the epiphyseolysis. PMID- 806164 TI - Synthesis of poly(A)-associated RNA in the prereplicative phase of isoproterenol stimulated DNA synthesis. AB - Rapidly labelled RNA containing poly(A) sequences has been isolated from polysomes of mouse parotid glands. Filtration on Millipore and binding to poly(u) immobilized on Sepharose-4B, together with significant RNase-resistance (11-16%) indicated that this polysomal fraction contains large tracts of polyadenylate sequences. A single injection of isoproterenol, a procedure that causes, after a lag period of 20 hrs, a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in salivary glands of rodents, induces a biphasic increase in the incorporation of (3H)-adenosine into poly(A)-associated polysomal RNA. The incorporation of (3H) adenosine is already increased within 1 hour after stimulation, decreases at 3 hrs and increases again at 8 hrs, parallelling previously reported changes on chromatin template activity of mouse parotids. However, the percent poly(A) content, and the size of the poly(A)-associated RNA remain constant. Actinomycin D given 30 min prior to isoproterenol, inhibits isoproterenol-Stimulated poly(A) rich RNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that, as part of the early molecular events of its action, isoproterenol regulates transcription of adenylate-rich RNA in mouse parotid gland. PMID- 806165 TI - [Cell kinetic studies on the interference between proliferative and functional metabolism in regenerating rat liver after application of phenobarbital (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate the correlation between fuction and proliferation, cell kinetic studies were carried out in regenerating liver of phenobarbital (PB) treated rats. Male adult Wistar rats received i.p. injections of 90 mgPB/kg body weight daily for five days (group A). Rats of group B received additional injections of PB at a reduced dose (30mg/kg) every 12 hrs after partial hepatectomy, starting immediately after the operation. 60 min after a single injection of 3-H-TdR at different intervals after surgery, specific activity of DNA, 3=H=TdR labeling index, and mitotic index were determined. Intralobular distribution of DNA synthesizing hepatocytes was analyzed in 22 h regenerating liver. Stimulation of fuctional activities by PB results in a transitional synchronization of the start of DNA synthesis in liver parenchymal cells after partial hepatectomy. The labeling indices of group A and B increase to 36% and 30%, respectistribution of DNA-synthesizing hepatocytes revealed that higher levels of synchronization are limited to periportal zones of the liver lobule which provide optimal conditions of G1-S transition. PB treatment apparently does not influence duration of S,G2 or M under these conditions. The results stress the possibility that transitional synchronization of DNA synthesis by functional load might simulate stimulation of growth in a proliferating population. PMID- 806166 TI - An agent in the Aedes aegypti cell line (Peleg) which causes fusion of Aedes albopictus cells. PMID- 806167 TI - Heat induction of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum lysogenic for the cyanophage SPlcts1. PMID- 806169 TI - Equal-response contours of optokinetic nystagmus in the normal monkey. PMID- 806168 TI - Growth of adeno-associated satellitte virus under conditions of arginine deprivation. PMID- 806170 TI - Short-axon horizontal cells of the monkey's retina. PMID- 806171 TI - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. II. Fluids, electrolytes and supplementary interventions in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 806172 TI - [Therapeutic action of anodic polarization of the brain]. PMID- 806173 TI - Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. VI. Modification of the method to prepare prothrombin complex on a large scale. AB - The relatively low yield of factor II activity in prothrombin complex preparations gave rise to an investigation in which factor II was determined on the basis of its coagulation activity and on that of its antigenic properties during the routine preparation procedure of the complex. It appeared that factor II, measured as activity, suffered a greater loss than factor II, measured as antigen, during this procedure. This greater loss had to be attributed to changes in the conformation of the factor II protein molecule induced by the freezing step of the preparation method hitherto in use. Omission of this step led to a higher yield of factor II activity in the prothrombin complex preparation. Therefore, freezing and thawing during the preparation of the prothrombin complex should be avoided. PMID- 806174 TI - Loss of rh antigen activity following the action of phospholipase A2 on red cell stroma. AB - The degradation of red cell stroma phospholipids by phospholipase A2 is accompanied by a concomitant fall in the activity of the Rh antigens, c, D and e. The action of phospholipase C on stroma also brings about a fall in D antigen activity. Anti-D bound to the red cells protects the D antigen from inactivation by phospholipase A2. PMID- 806175 TI - Selective IgA deficiency in blood donors. AB - The frequency of selective deficiency of serum IgA was determined in a population of 64,588 new Finnish blood donors by Ouchterlony's double diffusion with 10 mug/ml as the limit of detection. The incidence was 1:396. Those found IgA deficient were retested by hemagglutination inhibition and by radioimmunoassay. The calculated incidences of IgA levels below 0.5 and 0.015 mug/ml were 1:500 and 1:800, respectively. Statistically significant compensatory elevation of serum IgG was observed in the IgA-deficient donors. The IgM levels were not changed. Among 9,920 hospital patients, the incidence of IgA deficiency was 1:660. The age structure of the IgA-deficient patients was similar to that of the IgA deficient healthy blood donors but lower than that of hospital patients in general. No difference was observed between the clinical history of IgA deficienct blood donors and of the controls. PMID- 806176 TI - Immunological abnormalities in the sera of IgA-deficient blood donors. AB - Immunological abnormalities of 163 IgA-deficient blood donors were studied. Anti IgA antibodies were found in 15, anti-IgG antibodies (measured by the Ripley test) in 34, latex test positivity in 21, anti-IgM antibodies in 9 and antibodies against bovine milk in 41 sera. These numbers differed significantly from the control groups of normal blood donors. In the studies of thyroglobulin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and blood group A and B isoagglutinins there was no difference from the controls. Interrelationships of all findings were studies by statistical analysis. Correlations were found between latex and Ripley tests and rheumatic disorders as well as between high age and anti-IgA antibodies. Male subjects had antibodies against bovine milk more often than females. Otherwise no striking findings were brought up by the statistical analysis. PMID- 806177 TI - [Rifampicin in the treatment of patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis complicated by drug intolerance and Mycobacterium drug resistance]. PMID- 806180 TI - Early detection of health impairment in occupational exposure to health hazards. Report of a WHO study group. PMID- 806179 TI - [Exotoxin-induced polyneuropathies]. PMID- 806178 TI - [Acute pancreatitis with shock and acute renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - Acute pancreatitis is discussed from the viewpoint of a medical intensive care unit, with particular reference to the early and late complications. The measures which must be promptly implemented in order to successfully combat the grave early complications of shock and acute renal failure are stressed. Continuous monitoring ensures that prompt surgical management is undertaken in cases of late complications-abscess formation, sequestration and sepsis. A review of the characteristic clinical and laboratory data of patients with acute pancreatitis treated in our unit is presented in table I. PMID- 806181 TI - Bone pathology in experimental malnutrition. PMID- 806182 TI - Role of carotene and vitamin A in animal feeding. PMID- 806183 TI - [Do Gonococci encapsulate? 2. Under which physical conditions do Gonococci perish?]. PMID- 806185 TI - A comparison of the Rhodesian and Petralona upper jaws in relation to other pleistocene hominids. PMID- 806184 TI - Portal hypertension following exchange blood transfusion with complications of Listeria meningitis. AB - A male infant, 17 months, developed portal hypertension after two exchange blood transfusions and a prolonged umbilical vein catheterization during the neonatal period. Clinical course was characterized by an early onset of splenomegaly and after a latent period of time by a massive melena and hematemesis precipitated by Listeria meningitis. Treatment for portal hypertension consisted of splenectomy and proximal gastric devascularization. The importance of proper positioning of the catheter and avoidance of extended catheterization is recommended. PMID- 806186 TI - [Modern viewpoints of hip joint dysplasia, clinical and radiologic. III. Radiologic follow-up]. AB - Dysplasia of the hip-joint can unequivocally be recognized at the age of 7 weeks as proved by further developments. Defects in the acetabular angle remain in spite of abductionsplints which may have to be continued until the acetabular roof including its angle have become normal. It must not be abandoned when the PDW has returned to normal. One ought to demand that treatment should be started before this stage has been reached i.e. before the 7th week of life. 1. Clinical and radiologic observations in the first 3 months prove that dysplasia of the hip joint can be well recognized at this early stage. A diagnosis beyond the 3rd month is a late diagnosis. 2. Essential radiologic signs are: wedge-segments, delayed ossification of the acetabular angel, "Tailliation" at the angle, subchondral sclerosis of the acetabular roof, double contour of the angle in radiographs and, in severe cases, steep PDW. 3. The averages and standard deviations of the Tonnis statistics have proved too large for the radiographs of the first 2 months of life and useless as shown in follow-up. 4. The dysplastic acetabulum is not immature but pathologic. 5. The common mild dysplasias cannot be recognized with PDW but only when searching for structural and contour changes at the acetabular roof. PMID- 806187 TI - [Biological activity of tissues treated with ortho-oxyquinoline]. PMID- 806188 TI - [Multicentric ambulatory trial of Trolovol (D-penicillamine) in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Discontinuation of therapy and non-observance of the prescribed period required in the present evaluation to take the duration of treatment into account as an influential factor. However, due to the limited extent of the trial, it was not possible to process the time influence. Therefore, the conclusions gained are to be interpreted to the effect that they are statistically vertifiable for a selected patient group with a therapy period of 4 months or longer. PMID- 806189 TI - [Clinical and morphologic findings in experimental biotin deficiency]. PMID- 806190 TI - [Temporary sterilization of domestic pigeons turned wild]. PMID- 806191 TI - [Studies on the blood copper level in horses. I. Year-round changes in the copper level and in some other blood parameters in mares]. PMID- 806192 TI - [Function of omasum in small domestic ruminants. I. Flow and retention time of solid particles and fluid]. PMID- 806193 TI - A histological and histochemical study of the cervix uteri of the buffalo cow during the estrus cycle. PMID- 806194 TI - [Routine determination of free hydroxyproline in horse serum. Methods and normal values]. PMID- 806196 TI - An osteo-(chondro-)liposarcoma ("malignant mesenchymoma") of the radius in a dog, with two types of metastases. PMID- 806195 TI - [Functions of the omasum in small domestic ruminants. II. Fermentation rate and DNA content]. PMID- 806197 TI - [Studies on the eructation mechanism in sheep. II. The quantity of eructated rumen gas in 24 hours]. PMID- 806198 TI - Hereditary zinc deficiency in Dutch Friesian cattle. PMID- 806199 TI - [The influence of age and feeding on serum alkaline and acid phosphatase in calves]. PMID- 806202 TI - Studies of oodytogenesis of buffalo ovaries. PMID- 806200 TI - Effect of protein level and NH4Cl addition to diet on ammonia detoxication in rats. PMID- 806201 TI - [The adaptation syndrome in cattle]. PMID- 806203 TI - [Poisoning of a puma with the fungicide dichlofluanid]. PMID- 806204 TI - Studies on intrathoracic narcosis by using barbiturates in small animals. PMID- 806205 TI - Two cases of osteopathy of probably nutritional origin in growing and fattening bulls. PMID- 806206 TI - On the mechanism of intestinal absorption of macromolecules in piglets studied with dextran blue. PMID- 806207 TI - [Functions of the omasum of small ruminants. III. Absorption of water]. PMID- 806208 TI - Thiamine concentration and thiamine-destroying activity in the rumen of cattle. PMID- 806209 TI - [Resorption of sperm from the epididymis in the boar]. PMID- 806210 TI - [Skeletal changes after Solanum malacoxylon poisoning in cattle]. PMID- 806211 TI - The serum proteins and hemoglobin of the pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens). PMID- 806213 TI - An odontogenic tumour in a calf. PMID- 806212 TI - Transaminase activity of bull semen: effect of buffers on the extracellular enzyme release. PMID- 806214 TI - [Electrolyte metabolism in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 806215 TI - Peptidases in the rat hypothalamus inactivating thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). AB - Peptidases capable of inactivating thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) have been demonstrated in the hypothalamus. With the development of a specific radioimmunoassay for TRH, this method was used to further study the enzymes acting on the releasing hormone. Whole hypothalamic homogenates from male and female rats inactivated TRH, with greater peptidase activity being found in the female animals. Separation of the homogenates into particulate (microsomal and mitochondrial) and supernatant (soluble/cytoplasmic) fractions showed approximately the same amounts of enzyme activity in both fractions, while dialysis of the fractions slightly reduced the TRH peptidase activity present, suggesting that a diffusible co-factor might be partially involved in the releasing hormone's degradation. These results confirm the presence of TRH inactivating peptidases in the rat hypothalamus and suggest that the enzymes may be involved in some way in the mechanisms by which the brain controls thyrotrophin release by the anterior pituitary. PMID- 806216 TI - In vitro experiments on adherence of bacteria to vaginal epithelial cells. PMID- 806217 TI - [A study of damaged acoustic biopotentials in guinea pigs following exposure to white noise]. AB - 62 guinea-pigs were treated twice exposed to white noise, 105 dB SPL, 20 to 20 000 cps for 40 minutes with a break of 24 hours in between. The cochlear microphonics (CM), the compound action potentials of the acoustic nerve (NAP) and the slow evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded. There were different degrees of damage to be seen in the acoustic biopotentials. The CM showed little damages only whereas the compound action potentials of the hearing nerve showed significant impairments in excitation and in adaptation. In the SEP excitation was decreased. From this, we may conclude that the CM must not be the only criterion for judging damages in the acoustic system after acoustic trauma. Furthermore we see that the central acoustic pathway is capable to compensate peripheric hearing damages within a short time. An additional exposure to noise does not necessarily add or cumulate the degrees of damage. PMID- 806218 TI - [Twilight states in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 806219 TI - Determination of prekininogenase in rat plasma. PMID- 806220 TI - Hepatic porphyrin synthesis in rats after pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PMID- 806221 TI - Quantitative dererminations by ion pair extraction. Part 11. Extraction of carboxylates and sulphonates as ion pairs and adducts with dibenzo-18-crown-6 and other adduct-forming agents. PMID- 806222 TI - [Anatomical study of the vascularization of the optic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 806223 TI - [Electron microscopic and cytochemical study on glycogen synthetase in the chick retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 806224 TI - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome with 18-year survival. Treatment with transfer factor. AB - An 18-year-old boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome has severe symptoms of thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and atopic eczema. We believe he is the fifth oldest patient described with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Recently, a malignant lymphoma of the histiocytic type appeared in the skin, while he was receiving transfer factor. To our knowledge, he is the only reported patient with lymphoma in the skin, but four other patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have developed malignant lymphoreticular lymphoma during transfer factor therapy. Detailed immunologic studies show failure to make a sustained antibody response to various antigens, lack of delayed hypersensitivity responsiveness, and failure of proliferative response to antigens in in vitro cultures. The IgE and IgA levels were high, and the IgM and IgG levels were low. Although clinical improvement followed transfer factor therapy, development of the malignant lymphoma was not prevented. PMID- 806225 TI - Preparation of intravenous nitroglycerin solutions. PMID- 806226 TI - Letter: More on trace elements in total parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 806227 TI - Studies of immunoglobulins, bentonite flocculation and IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies in serum from patients with trichinosis. AB - Serial serum samples were obtained from two patients from a family of four who ingested raw pork at a known time and in whom trichinosis developed. Single and occasionally two serum samples were obtained from other patients with proved trichinosis. Studies of these serum samples showed that elevations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels do occur but not in all serum samples and that even when these levels are elevated, they are not high enough to be of diagnostic value. This is also true for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM). Using a solid phase radioimmunoadsorbent test, IgE, IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in the serums. The IgE antibody activity appeared early but was not present in all samples. The IgM antibody activity appeared later than the IgE and IgG antibody activity, and there was a statistically significant correlation between IgM antibodies as determined by radioimmunoassay and the bentonite flocculation titers suggesting that the bentonite flocculation is due to IgM antibody. IgM antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay were positive in all serum samples from patients with trichinosis except for a sample obtained 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The early increase in IgG antibodies and the occurrence of these antibodies in all serum samples obtained more than 3 days after onset of symptoms suggest a potential diagnostic use if serial samples are available early in the course of the disease. PMID- 806228 TI - Serologic characterization of patients with two episodes of acute viral hepatitis. AB - Since testing for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) became routine, we have observed in our hospital 28 patients with two distinct episodes of illnesses, each of which was compatible with acute viral hepatitis. We found no distinctions between the first and second bouts with respect to clinical characteristics, abnormalities of liver function or epidemiologic background. Testing of specimens obtained during each of the two acute episodes, the interval between the two episodes and the period subsequent to the second by sensitive procedures for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and their corresponding antibodies (anti-HBs) permitted the following classification: 13 of 28 patients experienced first bouts serologically classifiable as due to HBV; 11 patients had second bouts serologically classifiable as due to HBV; 2 patients had two episodes both which were serologically indeterminate; and 2 patients had two bouts neither of which appeared compatible with HBV infection by present criteria. No patient had a second episode for which the HB2Ag and anti-HBs data suggested HBV recurrence or reinfection. This evidence does not favor the speculation that HBV can account for repeated episodes of acute icteric hepatitis. PMID- 806229 TI - Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. AB - Magnesium deficiency can occur in congestive heart failure, after diuresis with furoxemide, ethacrynic acid and mercurials, and with digitalis intoxication, diabetic acidosis, acute and chronic alcoholism, delerium tremens, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, protracted postoperative cases, open heart surgery, the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis, and with hypoparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, juxta-glomerular hyperplasia and pancreatitis. Two cases of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with magnesium depletion are described. Clinical manifestations are vague but center around neurologic symptoms such as weakness, tremors, stupor, coma, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occur with magnesium depletion. Magnesium appears to be very useful in hypomagnesemic or digitalis-toxic tachyarrhythmias. Magnesium may also be valuable in normomagnesemic tachyarrhythmias. Ten to fifteen milliliters of a 20 percent magnesium sulfate solution, given intravenously over 1 minute, followed by a slow 4 to 6 hour infusion of 500 ml of 2 per cent magnesium sulfate in 5 per cent dextrose in water is recommended. Recurrence of arrhythmias is common and a second infusion of magnesium sulfate may be necessary. Hypermagnesemia occurs frequently in renal insufficiency, and magnesium therapy may then be contraindicated. Serum levels above 5.5 meq/liter should be avoided. Loss of deep tendon reflexes and a decrease in respiratory rate can be used as guides to magnesium therapy. A plea is made for frequent analysis of serum magnesium so that more knowledge can be gained regarding this important biologic element in cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 806230 TI - Varied manifestations of a familial lymphoproliferative disorder. AB - In a sibship of nine adults, four died of lymphocytic or histiocytic lymphomas, and one of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (immunoglobulin M [IgM], kappa type) complicated by adenocarcinoma of the lung. In the next generation, one member died of Hodgkin's disease; four of nine healthy persons had impaired lymphocyte transformation in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), and three of these had polyclonal elevations in IgM levels. Subsequent to these observations, adenocarcinoma of the lung developed in one woman with immune defects, and lymphocytic leukemia developed in her 3 year old grandson. The findings in this family point to a genetically regulated defect of immunity expressed as diverse lymphoproliferative disorders, including polyclonal and monoclonal IgM gammopathies. The occurrence of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in two members suggests genetic and immunologic determinants in these instances. PMID- 806232 TI - [Histamine-histaminase system in normal pregnancy, during labor and in certain anomalies of labor activity]. PMID- 806231 TI - The inhibition of granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs. AB - The effect of protein, calorie, and vitamin deficiency states on the granulomatous response of mice to eggs of S mansoni injected into the microvasculature of the lungs was studied. Moderate to severe protein and calorie deficiencies, as well as thiamine and vitamin C deficiencies, inhibited the host's granulomatous response to S mansoni eggs, which is a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The antivitamins neopyrithiamine hydrochloride and desoxypyridoxine hydrochloride were both highly effective in suppressing granuloma formation, but the former proved highly toxic at the doses utilized. Desoxypyridoxine hydrochloride given at a dose of .05 mg/mouse/day produced almost complete inhibition of granuloma formation; marked suppression was also present at fivefold dilution. This antivitamin appearts to be one of the most powerful immunosuppressive measures so far examined. PMID- 806233 TI - Acute retrolental fibroplasia. AB - A pathologic analysis of 19 cases of acute retrolental fibroplasia in autopsy eyes from paranatal infants is presented. The clinical profile of these subjects showed no clear-cut maternal factors. Infant factors included systemic congenital anomalies (14 cases); ocular congenital anomalies (1); birth weight--less than 1500 grams (12), more than 2000 grams (4); neonatal complications--"respiratory distress" (8), "apneic spells" (7), Erythroblastosis fetalis (3); oxygen therapy of varying amounts (14); periodic elevations of arterial oxygen (7); and varying survival times (intrauterine death, one case; less then 48 extrauterine hours, 9 cases). Considering all cases, the lesions showed a progressive pattern- beginning with proliferation of primitive vascular mesenchyme in vanguard of advancing vasculature (four cases), formation of intraretinal band of endothelial cells in rear guard (10 cases), and finally, extraretinal neovascularization from rear guard zone (five cases). PMID- 806234 TI - Tropoelastin purification: improvements using enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 806235 TI - An improved method for the purification of carbonic anhydrase isozymes by affinity chromatography. PMID- 806236 TI - Colorimetric determination of hyaluronate degraded by Streptomyces hyaluronidase. PMID- 806237 TI - Elimination of interferences in the determination of arsenic and antimony by hydride generation using molecular emission cavity analysis (MECA). PMID- 806238 TI - Lesions and tuberculin sensitivity in calves inoculated with group III mycobacterial isolates from swine, pen soil, and cattle feed. AB - FIFTEEN calves, 7 to 11 months of age, were inoculated intradermally with group III mycobacteria ---6 isolates from swine, 1 isolate from cattle feed, and 2 isolates from soil of swine farrowing pens. Calves were tuberculin tested at 50 days and killed approximately 60 days after inoculation. Only 1 of the cultures, that of porcine origin (93c-0), produced any lesions. There were a caseo calcareous granuloma 3mm in diameter in the regional lymph node (left prescapular) and a granuloma at the skin inoculation site. None of the 5 calves inoculated with soil- or feed-origin mycobacteria had any lesions. Three of the calves inoculated with porcine origin group III mycobacteria had suspicious or positive caudal fold reactions. Two of these had granulomas at the skin inoculation sites and one had no lesions. The calf having lymph node and skin inoculation site granulomas was negative. The 5 calves inoculated with feed- or soil-origin mycobacteria had negative caudal fold tuberculin tests. PMID- 806240 TI - Intravenous preparations for self-administration of drugs by animals. PMID- 806239 TI - Comparison of lymphocyte stimulation and tuberculin skin reactivity in Mycobacterium bovis-infected Macaca mulatta. AB - Lymphocyte immunostimulation tests were conducted on Mycobacterium bovis-infected and tuberculin-negative rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), using purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculins prepared from strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. The stimulation of lymphocytes with M tuberculosis PPD was significantly greater for the M bovis-infected macaques than for the noninfected controls (P smaller than 0.05). The response of lymphocytes from M bovis-infected macaques to stimulation with M tuberculosis PPD was greater than the responses to stimulation with M avium PPD (P smaller than 0.01). The results of in vitro lymphocyte stimulation and tuberculin skinreactivity were similar. PMID- 806241 TI - The antigenicity in guinea pigs and monkeys of three mycobacterial polysaccharides purified by affinity chromatography with concanavalin A. AB - The antigenicity of 3 polysaccharides purified from culture filtrates of Mycobacterim tuberculosis by affinity chromatography using a concanavalin A agarose absorbent was studied. All 3 purified polysaccharides were found to be potent elicitors of delayed skin test reactions in sensitized guinea pigs and in a tuberculos monkey. This antigenicity could not be attributed to contaminating protein. Small dermal reactions were also observed in control guinea pigs. All 3 polysaccharides reacted with precipitating antibody in guinea pig sera, the antigenic specificity observed with the guinea pig sera differing from that demonstrated with reference goat antiserum. The 3 polysaccharides were also demonstrated to contain hemagglutination antigenic sites. PMID- 806242 TI - Elastase and neutral, metal-dependent enzyme activity of human leukocyte lysosomal granules. AB - A neutral protease has been identified in polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal granules that, with elastase, degrades casein and is inhibited by alpha1 antitrypsin. In the present studies, protease inhibitors were used to delineate the elastase and neutral protease activities against casein, because these polymorphonuclear leukeocyte lysosomal enzyme activities may have a role in lung tissue damage in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. The highly specific, irreversible elastase inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-analyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine chloromethyl ketone (Ac Ala-Ala-AlaCH2Cl) inhibited approximately 40 to 50 per cent of the caseinolytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal granule preparations. The chelating agent, sodium diethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), which does not inhibit elastase in the concentration used, was almost as effective as Ac-Ala-Ala AlaCh2cl. Preincubation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extract with Ac Ala-Ala-AlaCh2cl, followed by the addition of EDTA, resulted in nearly complete inhibition of caseinolysis. These studies have characterized polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal neutral protease as belonging to the class of metal-dependent proteases. Its role in the degradation of tissue remains to be determined. PMID- 806243 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin concentrations in arterial and venous blood of patients with obstructive lung disease. AB - Concentrations of alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2-macroglobulin, and the trypsin inhibiting activity in arterial and venous sera were determined in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in healthy persons. No arteriovenous differences of these 3 parameters were found in either group. PMID- 806244 TI - Letter: diphtheria carriers. PMID- 806245 TI - Determination of site of infection in endocarditis. AB - Medical-surgical treatment of antibiotic refractory endocarditis requires determination of the site of infection, which is not always possible with conventional cardiac catheterization. The cases of two patients with right-sided endocarditis who survived after combined medical-surgical therapy are presented. One had persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and three possible sites of infection. Multiple quantitative blood cultures proximal and distal to each suspected site indicated the pulmonary valve alone was infected. The second had sustained bacteremia with three enteric organisms and no apparent valvular abnormality. Quantitative cultures excluded the abdomen as the continuing source of bacteremia and suggested the tricuspid valve was infected. This was confirmed by a second catheterization using multiple cultures in conjuction with dye dilution studies, intracardiac phonocardiography, and angiography. These bacteriologic and cardiologic techniques may be especially useful in detecting right-sided endocarditis and may also be helpful in detecting concomitant infection of both sides of the heart. PMID- 806246 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: persisting problems and current research to find new therapies. AB - Despite the availability of specific antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria still cause troublesome infections in patients with a variety of illnesses: extensive thermal injury, leukopenia from antineoplastic chemotherapy and other forms of immunosuppressive treatment, chronic pulmonary disease such as cystic fibrosis, or intravenous narcotic use. The use of antibiotics has improved the prognosis of pseudomonas infections considerably. However, patients with marginal or defective host immunity may need more extensive therapy to master the infection. By evaluating additional modalities of treatment such as granulocyte replacement, improved usage of antibiotics, and active (prophylaxis) or passive antibody administration, the optimal combination may be found. PMID- 806247 TI - Heme binding and its possible significance in heme movement and availability in the cell. PMID- 806248 TI - Cerebral birth injury as a cause of epilepsy. AB - The possible role of cerebral birth injury in the aetiology of epilepsy was evaluated by comparing the birth histories of 101 epileptic patients with focal seizures and 208 with non-focal seizures. The former were smaller at birth and their mothers were older and had higher blood pressures than the mothers of the latter. Although the two groups did not differ significantly with regard to the frequency of breech birth, assisted vaginal breech deliveries were significantly more numerous in the focal group. The injured half of the brain was as often pressed against the sacrum as against the symphysis during birth. PMID- 806249 TI - The genetics of alpha1-antitrypsin: a family study in England and Scotland. AB - The results of Pi typing 5237 unrelated Caucasians are presented, together with the phenotypes of 2203 children from 1156 families. The estimate of the gene frequencies in the United Kingdom are Pi-M equal 0-9303, Pi-S equal 0-050, Pi-Z equal 0-0141, Pi-minus equal 0-0015, Pi-V equal 0-0004. Evidence for three new alleles, Pi-W2, Pi-Y2 is presented. The results of twin studies and quantitative studies are discussed. PMID- 806250 TI - Genetics of LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency. AB - Since 1967 a syndrome characterized by renal disease, normochromic anaemia and corneal opacities has been described in 7 members of 3 different Norweigan families. The patients have low levels of esterified cholesterol and lack LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase) activity in plasma. The genetic basis of the disorder seems to be the presence of a LCAT deficiency gene in double dose. This gene is probably the result of a single mutational event. Linkage studies revealed non-random assortment between LCTA deficiency and serum haptoglobin (Hp) types. After Hp subtyping a combined lod score of 3-41 at a recombination fraction of 0-00 was obtained. Association was revealed between the LCAT deficiency gene and the Hp-1S gene. We propose that the LCAT gene is situated close to the alpha-haptoglobin locus on chromosome no. 16. PMID- 806251 TI - Inherited disorders of lysosomal metabolism. PMID- 806252 TI - Oxygenase-catalyzed biological hydroxylations. PMID- 806253 TI - Three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins. PMID- 806254 TI - Prostaglandins. PMID- 806255 TI - [Actinomycin DO inhibition of RNA biosynthesis and its interaction with DNA preparations]. AB - Actinomycin D0 differing from actinomycin D in replacement of I residue of sarcosine by glycine in one of the peptide chains was found to have a lower inhibitory effect on RNA synthesis in various biological systems. On interaction of E. coli with DNA actinomycin D0 formed a complex with DNA having the binding constant K=1.6 with 10-5 which was 100 times lower than the binding constant of actinomycin D. Therefore, actinomycin D0 formed a complex with DNA which was 100 times less stable than actinomycin D. Actinomycins D0, D and II having different conformations in buffer on interaction with DNA formed complexes having similar conformations. The conformational change from free actinomycin to bound actinomycin was found difficult in case of actinomycin D0 because of its slow rate of complex formation with DNA as compared to that of other actinomycins complex formation with DNA. PMID- 806256 TI - Effect of isoniazid on the protoplasmic viscosity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The effect of isoniazid on the protoplasmic viscosity in the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a small spin label tempone (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidone-N-oxyl radical). Isoniazid (0.5 mug/ml) caused the internal cellular viscosity to increase gradually over the first 15 h of exposure from a rotational correlation time value (T(c)) of 2.4 x 10(-10) to 3.4 x 10(10) s and then decrease linearly to the control level after 27 h. These results could be interpreted to mean that isoniazid allows a continued and normal synthesis of the protoplasmic components while the rate of increase in the cell volume is reduced. A degradative process may begin after the initial 15-h exposure time, which would cause the reduction in the internal viscosity. PMID- 806257 TI - Acetylation of amikacin, a new semisynthetic antibiotic, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying an R factor. AB - A clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN315 resistant to amikacin (AK), a new semisynthetic antibiotic, inactivated AK by acetylation. The acetylating enzyme was purified approximately 146-fold from a crude extract of GN315 by affinity chromatography. Fractionated samples obtained by affinity chromatography showed almost the same inactivation curves toward 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B (DKB) and AK. Partially purified AK-acetylating enzyme inactivated DKB and kanamycin A but could not inactivate gentamicin C(1). The optimal pH for their inactivation was 6.0 to 7.0, and the pH curves for the inactivation of both drugs were almost the same. These facts indicate that AK and DKB are inactivated by the same aminoglycoside-acetylating enzyme. Through elemental analysis, the inactivated AK was found to be a monoacetylated product of AK. A sample of inactivated AK was purified and compared with a synthetic 6'-N-acetyl AK by thin-layer chromatography, and the results indicated that AK was inactivated by acetylation of the 6'-NH(2) group. The ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the inactivated AK showed that AK was inactivated by the enzyme through acetylation of the amino group of 6'-amino-6'-deoxy-d-glucose moiety of AK. This enzyme, mediated by R factor, is capable of conferring resistance to AK, DKB, kanamycin, gentamicin, and sulfanilamide. PMID- 806258 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa R factors determining gentamicin plus carbenicillin resistance from patients with urinary tract colonizations. AB - R factors determining multiple resistance including both gentamicin and carbenicillin have been identified in high incidence among hospital isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The factors are readily transmitted to other P. aeruginosa but not to Escherichia coli strains K-12 or C, or to Proteus mirabilis. R factor-containing isolates are predominantly immunotype 7 isolated from urinary sources. PMID- 806259 TI - RPL11, an R factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa determining carbenicillin and gentamicin resistance. AB - R factor RPL11 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa determines multiple drug resistance including resistance to gentamicin and carbenicillin. The host range and incompatibility properties of RPL11 are those of incompatibility group P-2. Strains harboring the factor are not altered with respect to the major immunotypes 1 through 7 of Parke-Davis, or with respect to pyocin type by using the 18 indicators of Jones and co-workers. Analytical ultracentrifugation of crude extracts of R factor-containing strains shows a band of satellite DNA with a buoyant density of 1.717 g/cm(3). PMID- 806260 TI - Simple technique for the assay of antibiotic synergism against enterococci. AB - A simple technique with antibiotic-impregnated disks has been developed to demonstrate the antibiotic synergism of penicillins and aminoglycosides against enterococci. The two antibiotic disks are placed on inoculated plates so that the distance between their centers is less than the sum of the two radii of their previously determined inhibitory zones. After 5 h of incubation, beta-lactamase powder is dusted onto the susceptibility plate with a sterile cotton swab. After overnight incubation, the synergistic effect of the antibiotics is demonstrated by a clear area of no growth in between the two disks. There is good correlation between the synergism determined by this procedure and the susceptibility of the organisms to 2 mg of streptomycin per ml. This technique is simple and can be employed by any laboratory which performs Kirby-Bauer susceptibility procedures. PMID- 806261 TI - Factors affecting the production of candicidin. AB - Factors affecting candicidin synthesis and mycelial growth of Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570 were studied. Inorganic phosphate was found to inhibit candicidin synthesis but to stimulate mycelial growth. Zinc, iron, and magnesium ions stimulated candicidin synthesis at relatively high concentrations in a complex medium but not in a synthetic medium. No other factors studied, such as temperature, oxygen absorption rate, and sugar concentration, were found to differentially affect antibiotic synthesis and mycelial growth. Optimum concentration of inorganic phosphate for candicidin synthesis in a chemically defined medium was found to be between 5 x 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-4) M. The culture in idiophase stage can be reverted to typical trophophase growth by the addition of inorganic phosphate, suggesting the controlling role of inorganic phosphate in repression and derepression of secondary metabolic and primary metabolic activity of the culture. With a soya peptone-glucose medium, the maximum rate of candicidin production could be maintained and extended for a considerable length of time by controlling the culture pH at 8.0, using glucose to adjust the pH during the later stages of a batch fermentation. Carrying out fermentations in this way has given candicidin yields up to 4 g/liter. PMID- 806262 TI - Chloramphenicol resistance in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Derivatives of Myxococcus xanthus FB(t) resistant to chloramphenicol (25 mug/ml) arose spontaneously with a frequency of approximately 10(-7). One of these organisms (FB(t)Cam(1) (r)) was characterized. FB(t)Cam(1) (r) showed a unique type of phenotypic instability. After transfer from medium containing chloramphenicol to medium lacking the drug, resistance was lost after approximately one generation. The loss resulted in a sharp drop in the total number of chloramphenicol-resistant organisms and was not due to segregation of chloramphenicol-susceptible organisms during growth. Cell-free extracts of strain FB(t)Cam(1) (r) converted chloramphenicol to acetyl chloramphenicols in a fashion implicating activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. This activity was lost simultaneously with the loss of chloramphenicol resistance after removal of the drug from cultures. Organisms with a similar phenotype to FB(t)Cam(1) (r) could be produced at high frequencies when strain FB(t) was exposed to low concentrations of chloramphenicol (2 to 5 mug/ml), to 3-acetylchloramphenicol (25 mug/ml), or to 1,3-diacetylchloramphenicol (25 mug/ml). Since strain FB(t) is capable of deacetylating acetyl chloramphenicols, these effects are probably all due to low concentrations of chloramphenicol. In the presence of chloramphenicol, FB(t)Cam(1) (r) produced fruiting bodies and myxospores on fruiting agar; however, glycerol-induced myxospore formation was inhibited. In the absence of the antibiotic, chloramphenicol resistance was maintained by glycerol-induced myxospores. PMID- 806264 TI - Metobolism of chlorobenzene with hepatic microsomes and solubilized cytochrome P 450 systems. PMID- 806263 TI - BL-P1654, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin: in vitro comparison alone and in combination with gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and BL-P1654 were determined for 89 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ticarcillin was generally twice as active and BL-P1654 eight to 16 times as active as carbenicillin. Usually carbenicillin and ticarcillin killed at the same concentration or twice the concentration needed to inhibit, whereas 400 mug of BL P1654 per ml was not bactericidal for the majority of isolates tested. The inhibitory effect of all three drugs varied markedly with the size of bacterial inoculum. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding gentamicin enhanced the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of all three penicillin derivatives for the majority of isolates. However, inhibition of isolates highly resistant to gentamicin was not improved by combining the semisynthetic penicillins with gentamicin. PMID- 806265 TI - Changing proportions of DNA components in Euglena gracilis. PMID- 806266 TI - Inhibition by dibromothymoquinone of photosynthetic electron transfer in chloroplasts of differing ultrastructure. PMID- 806267 TI - Amino acids sequences near the "switch point" of heavy chains of human immunoglobulins: genetic hypothesis. PMID- 806268 TI - Letter: Allergy to ethylenediamine. PMID- 806269 TI - Antiglobulins in Nigerians with rheumatoid disease. AB - The levels of IgG and IgM antiglobulins in the sera of Nigerian patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome have been studied using an immunosorbent of glutaraldehyde insolubilized human IgG. No conclusion could be reached in the case of IgM antiglobulins because of the relatively high threshold of detectability in the quantitation procedure, but all groups of patients had significantly higher levels of IgG antiglobulins than did a group of healthy Nigerians. PMID- 806271 TI - Behaviour of synovial complement C3 and C4 components in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases, before and after synoviorthesis. AB - The synovial fluid beta1a (C3) and beta1e (C4) expressed by their ratio to corresponding serum concentrations) were studied in 31 cases of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA+), 5 cases of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA-1), and 15 cases of osteoarthrosis (OA) before osmic acid synoviorthesis on knees. This was repeated after synoviorthesis in the synovial fluid (SF) of 24 RA+, 4 RA , and 10 OA patients. The following studies were undertaken: (a) the relationship between these components; (b) their correlation with the SF protein concentration and rheumatoid factor titre, when present. This analysis led us to the following conclusions. (1) Before synoviorthesis (a) The SF beta1e is significantly lower than beta1a in RA+. In OA, an inverse phenomenon is observed. (b) The concentration of beta1a and beta1e are proportional to the protein concentration in the SF of OA. A significant inverse relationship between beta1a, beta1e, and the titre of rheumatoid factor is found. (2) after synoviorthesis the same studies performed on knees at the time of one or more relapses shows that the same pathogenetic process is involved and that the immunological mechanism is little influenced by this treatment. In OA also the relapse differs very little from the initial process observed before synoviorthesis. PMID- 806270 TI - Immunoglobulin phagocytosis by granulocytes from sera and synovial fluids in various rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid diseases. AB - (1) The phagocytosis of human IgG, IgM, and C3 by granulocytes from various rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid sera and synovial fluids (SF) was investigated by direct examination of the patient's leucocytes and indirect testing by incubation of normal donor leucocytes with various sera and SF. (2) In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phagocytosis of IgM, IgG, and C3 was common from sera and SF. There was a strong correlation of IgM and C3 phagocytosis with the occurence of rheumatoid factor. The phagocytosed IgM is probably rheumatoid factor. In SF both the direct and indirect test method yielded equally positive results; in serum the direct test was negative throughout. (3) In systemic lupus erythematosus there was phagocytosis of IgG, IgM and C3 from serum (indirect test), IgM not being correlated with the latex-fixation test and probably of antinuclear antibody nature. Phagocytosis decreased after treatment of the disease. Sera from many other rheumatic disease frequently gave weak IgG phagocytosis, but rarely did IgM or C3. (4) IgG, and sometimes C3, was frequently taken up from IgG myeloma sera (indirect test). IgM and IgG were taken up from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia sera, independent of IgM concentration. It is possible that an aggregation tendancy of particular paraproteins determines Ig uptake from these sera. (5) IgG was taken up from half of the studied sera of infectious diseases in the indirect test, including two cases with Hodgkin's disease as well. Three sera from patients with untreated trypanosomiasis were positive for IgG as well as for IgM. (6) Normal healthy control sera remained negative, even after prolonged preservation or frequent freezing and thawing: only among very old sera were a few positive observations recorded. Immunoglobulin phagocytosis appears to be a common phenomenon in a number of conditions. It seems probable that soluble immune complexes, or in other cases nonimmune aggregates, may cause phagocytosis. PMID- 806272 TI - Diffuse spasm of the esophagus. AB - During the past ten years 7 men and 15 women with diffuse esophageal spasm have been seen at the Duke University Medical Center. Dysphagia and severe substernal pain were the two characteristic symptoms. Eleven of the 22 patients were treated with a long esophageal myotomy. Two had a diverticulum of the lower esophagus excised in addition, while 6 had an associated sliding hiatal hernia repaired. Three patients in whom the diagnosis was made retrospectively all had an epiphrenic diverticulum excised without a myotomy; in 1 an esophageal leak occurred. These 3 patients still have mild symptoms of their diffuse esophageal spasm. The results of myotomy have been satisfactory. Although this operation does not correct the cause of the disorder, the improvement in symptoms makes it worthwhile in selected patients. PMID- 806273 TI - Surgical treatment of primary sternal osteomyelitis. AB - Four patients with primary sternal osteomyelitis are described. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the infective organism. Three of the 4 were heroin addicts. Limited surgical resection with preservation of the posterior periodteum is recommended for an infected sternum. Postoperative antibiotic therapy for a period of six weeks is also recommended. Preservation of the posterior sternal periosteum rather than conventional radical excision is important for maintaining physical stability and avoiding chest wall deformity in the group of patients. PMID- 806274 TI - Heterotopic ossification in spinal cord-injured patients. AB - Therapy programs during the development of heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury range widely from complete rest to aggressive exercise programs. The literature is confusing by its multiplicity of recommendations because the basic etiology and pathophysiology are unknown and because some basic differences exist between traumatic myositis ossificans and heterotopic ossification associated with severe neurological impairments. Prospective heterotopic ossification roentgenographic (x-ray) surveys of the hips, knees, shoulders, and elbows were made on 250 consecutive spinal cord-injured patients. Those who had x-ray evidence of early or immature heterotopic ossification or who developed early clinical signs of possible heterotopic ossification were treated with an aggressive program of passive progressive range of motion exercises. Several patients who developed bilateral heterotopic ossification had one side used as their own control. Follow-up x-ray studies and range of motion evaluation suggest that an aggressive range of motion exercise program is indicated for patients who are developing or have heterotopic ossification. There is no evidence that exercise increases inflammation with subsequent ossification, and it frequently causes a pseudarthrosis, permitting adequate functional range of motion. PMID- 806275 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 806276 TI - A new use for catheter duodenostomy. Postoperative enteric dimentation. AB - A planned duodenal tube fistula was used in conjunction with partial gastrectomy to avoid closure of a difficult duodenal stump. Because the patient refused adequate oral feedings for various reasons, despite a functional and patent intestinal tract, the duodenostomy tude was used for alimentation. Removal of such tubes should be delayed in such patients until their oral intake is satisfactory. PMID- 806278 TI - Octafluorocyclobutane in vitreous and aqueous humor replacement. AB - Vitreous replacement with air, pure octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8), and mixtures of 40% C4F8 and 60% air was done in owl monkeys to determine ocular toxicity and duration of gas within the vitreous compartment. Large volumes of gas mixture and pure C4F8 caused posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Pure C4F8 expands in the vitreous within 24 to 48 hours. A 1.0-ml mixture of 40% C4F8 and 60% air lasted 12.7 days and did not cause ocular changes. However, anterior chamber aqueous replacement with pure C4F8 or gas mixture resulted in cataract production. Twenty-four and fourty-eight hours after injection of 0.1-ml pure C4F8 in the vitreous of experimental rabbits, presence of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide was shown by gas chromatographic analysis. This finding supports the hypothesis of volume expansion secondary to diffusion of above-mentioned gases inside the C4F8 gas bubble. PMID- 806277 TI - Treatment of epileptic seizures with clonazepam. A reappraisal. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of orally administered clonazepam has been evaluated in 32 epileptic patients, with substantial improvement in 22. The drug is active in all types of seizures, particularly in myoclonus, petit mal absences, and partial complex epilepsy; it seems the drug of choice in generalized infantile organic epilepsy, although the treatment of these patients is still unsatisfactory. In some patients, the drug seemed less effective after months of therapy. Drowsiness is the main side effect. PMID- 806279 TI - Management of the Rh affected baby. PMID- 806281 TI - Changes in the social behavior of rhesus monkeys during rehabilitation from prolonged protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 806283 TI - Ocular manifestations of inborn errors of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PMID- 806282 TI - Pacing-induced myocardial ischemia in spite of nitroglycerin. Correlations regarding the extent of coronary artery disease. AB - In 10 patients without and 20 patients with various degrees of angiographically proven CAD 93 pacing runs were studied. Changes of PAm, of ECG, and of anginal pain serving as parameters of myocardial ischemia were correlated to the rate pressure-product. In patients without CAD no correlations could be ascertained. In each patient with CAD determination of ischemia was achieved reproducibly. Ischemia threshold is represented by a sharp increase of PAm. Ischemia threshold seems a parameter to be preferred as compared to pain threshold. The extent of CAD (angiographically estimated) correlates well with the pacing test especially when collaterals are taken into account. After NG no substantial improvement of ischemia can be detected: Ischemia threshold before and after NG was reached at same rate pressure in each case. We conclude the atrial pacing test to be an excellent test for the provocation of myocardial ischemia. The test is also useful for estimation of the extent of CAD. PMID- 806284 TI - Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Drosophila embryos by isoxanthopterin. PMID- 806285 TI - Dosage compensation and ontogenic expression of suppressed and transformed Vermilion flies in Drosophila. AB - A spectrofluorometric assay system for tryptophan oxygenase was used to compare dosage compensation properties and ontogenic expression of suppressed, "transformed," and wild-type vermilion flies. The results indicate that, although different stocks showed different levels of oxygenase activity, all showed dosage compensation properties. The ontogenic expression of tryptophan oxygenase was observed to be different in the various genotypes. Whereas suppressed vermilion resembled wild type in its pattern, the ontogenic profiles of "transformed" flies were different. PMID- 806286 TI - Nutritional control of xanthine dehydrogenase. II. Effects on xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase of culturing wild-type and mutant Drosophila on different levels of molybdenum. AB - Two new mutants, deficient in aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, have been isolated from a wild-type stock of Drosophila melanogaster and have been provisionally termed lxd-c and lxd-d, respectively, as both mutants appear to be allelic with lxd (low xanthine dehydrogenase). An analysis has been made of the effects of dietary molybdenum on lxd, lxd-c, lxd-d, lao (low aldehyde oxidase), mal (maroon-like eye color), and pac (Pacific) wild-type flies. On the lower dietary levels of 10(-3) M and 10(-2) M molybdenum, increases in specific activity of both enzymes were observed only in lxd. Furthermore, two- to three fold increases in specific activity of both enzymes occurred in all strains, except mal, when cultured on 5 x 10(-2) M molybdenum. The lxd and lxd-c strains failed to survive on this high concentration of the ion. Similar concentrations of molybdenum had no effect in vitro. An extra electrophoretic band of xanthine dehydrogenase was observed on polyacrylamide gel from extracts of wild-type flies cultured on certain levels of molybdenum, but its appearance was not always correlated with the increases in specific activity. PMID- 806280 TI - Gene rearrangements in the evolution of the tryptophan synthetic pathway. PMID- 806287 TI - A study of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in rat ova. AB - The presence of subunits A and B has been demonstrated in mature rat ova by several means, including the immunohistochemical method of Coons, use of antisera against LDH-I (B4) and LDH-5 (A4) isozymes, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 806288 TI - Phenol oxidase activation in Drosophila: a cascase of reactions. AB - Our earlier evidence concerning the complexity of the activation process for Drosophila phenol oxidase has been confirmed by separation and purification of six proteins involved. This is a minimal number required in a reaction series or cascade to yield active enzyme, and at least two more proteins are known to be involved. A simpler system involving only the last step with one precursor and one activation as has been reported in the literature is consistent with the cascade picture, but the whole complex system must be considered when dealing with genetic and developmental regulation of pigmentation and sclerotization. Details are given for partial or complete purification of six of the proteins involved and evidence for their modes of interaction is presented. PMID- 806289 TI - A possible role for glass bead immobilized enzymes as therapeutic agents (immobilized uricase as enzyme therapy for hyperuricemia). PMID- 806290 TI - [Lead poisoning in children]. AB - Thirty children with lead intoxication were studied at the Hospital de Ninos Benjamin Bloom of San Salvador, during a period of eight years. Six cases were diagnosed retrospectively, whereas twenty-four were prospectively observed. Most of tham were between one to five years of age. The most common initial signs were related to the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Mild and severe cases were treated with edathamil calcium disodium (Versanate), presenting successful outcome. A high incidence of muscular, neurological, bone and psychological sequels was observed. Preventive procedures and general management are emphasized. PMID- 806291 TI - [Petit mal in children]. AB - Thirty-two cases of children with petit mal were reviewed, finding that it is an entity of low frequency among the group of epileptic disorders; also there is no differences between sexes. The prognosis has become worsening by the presence of other types of crises, abnormal neurological examination, subnormal intelligence, behavior disorders and an "atypica", EEG. It is also influenced by the beginning of therapy at the pubertal development time. Ethosuximide seems to be the drug of choice in the "uncomplicated" cases. PMID- 806292 TI - Immunization against dental caries. PMID- 806293 TI - Betamethasone 17 valerate aerosol and disodium chromoglycate in severe childhood asthma. AB - Eleven children with severe perennial asthma and a poor clinical response to disodium cromoglycate were studied in a 4-month, double blind trial involving 1 month's treatment with placebo, disodium cromoglycate, betamethasone 17 valerate, and both drugs combined according to a predetermined random design. Each drug apparently reduced symptoms and improved daily peak flow and fortnightly spirometric measurements compared with placebo, but the improvement after betamethasone 17 valerate was greater in part because of the way this group of patients was selected. There did not appear to be any additional benefit when both drugs were used together. Betamethasone 17 valerate was not compared with beclomethasone diproprionate aerosol and there is no reason to believe it may be superior. Corticosteroid aerosols have potential hazards which may prove to equal those of long-term systemic steroids, but they offer the prospect of satisfactory control of symptoms without the risk of growth suppression in children with severe asthma. Disodium cromoglycate remains the drug of choice in severe childhood asthma and the use of corticosteroid aerosols should be confined to those children who fail to respond satisfactorily to disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 806294 TI - Transfer of folate to the fetus. AB - The accumulation of tritium-labelled folate in the product of conception was examined in eight women undergoing hysterotomy for termination of pregnancy. Folic acid containing a small quantity of tracer material (50n Ci/mug.) was injected intravenously 20 minutes before operation in 4 patients but 24 hours beforehand in the remainder. After operation, maternal blood, placenta, fetal blood, and fetal liver were examined for radioactivity as was the daily urine output during the patient's postoperative hospital stay. The results indicated that only 1/2 per cent of the injected material accumulated in the product of conception--uptake was primarily by fetal liver and no large placental pool of folate was involved. Approximately half of the injected load was excreted in the urine--the majority in the first 24 hours--and the remainder was presumed to have been retained by maternal tissues. Bioassay with L. casei and chromatography on TEAE cellulose suggested that extensive metabolism of the injected material had taken place and that fetal uptake might be more efficient than indicated by counting radioactivity alone. PMID- 806295 TI - Folic acid absorption in pregnancy. AB - Folic acid absorption was studied in six non-pregnant women, and nine pregnant women undergoing therapeutic termination of pregnancy between 10 to 26 weeks, using 2 mg. of folic acid labelled with 10 muCi of tritiated folic acid. Absorption varied between 65 and 95 per cent, with a mean absorption of 80 per cent, in both pregnant and non-pregnant subjects. Similarly, there was no difference of retention between the groups. The results indicate that there is no change in the absorption of folic acid in the first 26 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 806297 TI - Coincidental changes in conscious level and lens translucency during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - A case of diabetic ketoacidosis treated by the usual methods is described. With correction of the biochemical abnormalities in the plasma the patient's conscious state deteriorated and loss of lens translucency occurred. The patient's conscious state recovered after more than 2 days and this was accompanied by a return of normal lens translucency. A common pathogenesis involving the sorbitol pathway is postulated. PMID- 806296 TI - Oedema of the umbilical cord and respiratory distress in the newborn. AB - Oedema of the umbilical cord, defined as visible oedema in a cord wish a minimal cross sectional area of 1-3 cm-2, is found in 10 per cent of deliverieo. It is seen more frequently in cetain complications of pregnancy such as abrupti placentage, maternal diabetes, macerated intrauterine death and in conditions affectint the infant including prematurity, rhesus isoimmunization, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient respiratory distress (TRD). There is a higher incidence in infants delivered by Caesarean section. There is no significant association between cord oedema and either fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia nor is there any correlation with maternal hypertension or oedema. The mechanism of production of the odema is discussed; low oncotic pressure, raised hydrostatic pressure in the placenta and umbilical cord, and an increase in total water in the feto-placental unit are considered. The presence of oedema of the cord may reflect similar changes in the lungs which antenatally predispose aninfant whose pathway for production of surfactant is immature to develop RDS and the mature infant to develop TRD. The value of cord oedema as a warning sign is stressed. PMID- 806298 TI - Messenger RNA complexity in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Complementary DNA was synthesized as a copy of polyadenylated RNA from the cytoplasm of Drosophila cultured cells. The kinetics of hybridization of cDNA with the RNA used as template revealed a complex distribution of frequencies in the population of polyadenylated RNA. Computer simulation suggested three frequency classes containing about 4, 190, and 6700 different RNA molecules of mean molecular weight 4 x 10-5. About 15% of this complementary DNA reacted with repetitive sequences of Drosophila DNA. The most frequent polyadenylated RNA is preferentially enriched in its content of repetitive sequences. Comparative experiments using cDNA synthesized as a complement of larval polyadenylated RNA demonstrated some stage specific changes in the population of polyadenylated RNA. PMID- 806299 TI - Enzymes regulating glycogen metabolism in swine subcutaneous adipose tissue. II. Glycogen synthase. AB - Glycogen synthase from swine adipose tissue was purified to apparent homogeneity using ethanol precipitation, DEAE chromatography, and affinity chromatography utilizing glucosamine 6-phosphate as the ligand. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein component during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels at pH 7.3 although some protein failed to enter the running gel. Enzyme incubated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) migrated as one component (mol wt similar to 90,000) on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was relatively unstable at all stages of the purification procedure, but stability was increased in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate, UDPG, or glycerol. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme and of enzyme activity in crude homogenates was pH 4.8. The sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme in crude homogenates was 8.5 S. The pH activity profile showed an optimum at pH 7.8 in the absence of glucose 6 phosphate but no definable optimum between pH 7.0 and 9.2 in its presence. The Km of glycogen synthase I for UDPG was 250 muM in the absence and 37 muM in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate; the K-a for glucose 6-phosphate was 18 mu-M. The K-m of glycogen synthase D for UDPG was 130 mu-M in the presence of glucose 6 phosphate; the Ka for glucose 6-phosphate was 1 mM. The anions sulfate and phosphate activated the enzyme when assays were performed in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate. Fluoride produced activation of enzyme assayed either in the presence or in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate. PMID- 806300 TI - Study of thymidylate synthetase-function by laser Raman spectroscopy. AB - The Laser-Raman spectra of thymidylate synthetase have been obtained with 488 nm excitation from an argon ion laser. Raman bands observed in the range 600-800 cm minus-1 have been assigned to functional groups of constituent amino acids. The band positions and intensities in the Amide I (1600-1700 cm-minus-1) and Amide III (1200-1300 cm-minus-1) regions, suggest that the enzyme is a mixture of alpha helical and unordered conformations. Low levels of beta-structure cannot be excluded. The spectra of the ternary complex formed by reacting thymidylate synthetase with (+)-L-methylenetetrahydrofolate and fluorodeoxyuridylate reveals a new band at 1618 cm-minus-1 assigned to the C=N stretching vibration. This band may be due to formation of dihydrofolate or an iminium ion. The overall secondary structure of thymidylate synthetase does not change on formation of the ternary complex. However, the spectrum of the complex indicates local changes in groups such as ionized carboxyl (1400 cm-minus-1), tryptophan (1003 cm-minus-1) and CH 3, CH-2 deformation modes (1440-1470 cm-minus-1). PMID- 806301 TI - Delipidation and reactivation of UDPglucuronosyltransferase from rat liver. AB - UDPglucuronosyltransferase was solubilized by treating Wistar rat liver microsomes with deoxycholate. Chromatography of this preparation on Bio-Gel P-30 resulted in extraction of 92% of phospholipids and complete loss of enzyme activity. UDPglucuronosyltransferase was reactivated by dialysing this delipidated preparation in the presence of lecithin, a mixture of liver microsomal lipids or microsomal preparations from livers of UDPglucuronosyltransferase-deficient Gunn rats. Virtually complete enzyme reactivation was obtained with regard to glucuronidation and glucosidation of bilirubin; however, the inactivation of UDPglucuronosyltransferase with p nitrophenol as substrate was irreversible. These findings demonstrate that UDPglucuronosyltransferase with bilirubin as substrate is a lipid-requiring enzyme. PMID- 806302 TI - The application of QAE-Sephadex for the purification of two staphylococcal enterotoxins. II. Purification of enterotoxin A. AB - The last three steps described in the preceding communication Robern, H., Stavric, S. and Dickie, N. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 000,000-000) were utilized successfully for the purification of enterotoxin A. The enterotoxin appeared homogeneous by gel chromatography and in the analytical ultracentrifuge but showed two bands on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis at pH 4.5. The emetic dose, ED50, by intravenous route in cynomolgus monkeys was 0.12 mug/kg of animal weight. After treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol, urea and sodium dodecylsulfate enterotoxin A formed one band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 27700 on sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Molecular-weight estimation by gel filtration gave a value of 26500. The amino acid composition data indicate that enterotoxin A consists of 241 amino acid residues. PMID- 806303 TI - Alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid uptake by high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system in Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The transport of alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid was studied in Streptococcus faecalis. Energey-dependent uptake against substantial concentration gradients was observed. Kinetic experiments indicated that, in contrast to L-glutamic acid, only a single catalytic component (high affinity) and a diffusion controlled process participated in alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid uptake. At concentrations up to 10 mM, alpha-methyl-glutamate transport was almost completely abolished in a mutant strain lacking a high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system. In competition experiments, alpha-methylglutamic acid antagonized glutamate uptake via the high affinity system, and only slightly via the low affinity system. Column chromatography of cell extracts showed that very little (approx. 5%) of the accumulated amino acid was converted to metabolites during short term incubations. These studies indicate that, at concentrations up to 3-5 mM, alpha methyl-L-glutamic acid can be used as a specific, relatively metabolically inert substrate of the high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system in S. faecalis. PMID- 806305 TI - [Identification of the beta lactamase R-TEM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - This paper is dealing with the enzymatic problem raised by two strains of Ps. aeruginosa resistant to classical beta lactam antibiotics including carbenicillin. These two strains hydrolyse all these antibiotics. In both cases, we have shown the simultaneous biosynthesis of two enzymes: an inducible and chromosome cephalosporinase frequently found in this germ, and a constitutive beta lactamase, with a penicillinase activity which has been identified with the extrachromosomic beta lactamase R-TEM. These two enzymes have been separated by affinity chromatography, characterized by their kinetic constants given by computerized microacidimetry, and their isoelectric points which are respectively 9.2 for the cephalosporinase and 5.40 for the penicillinase R-TEM. Isoelectric focussing also shows the separation of these two enzymes. PMID- 806304 TI - Studies on the in vitro synthesis of ppGpp and pppGpp. AB - The effect of a number of inhibitors of protein synthesis on ppGpp and pppGpp synthesis in vitro has been examined. As expected from in vivo results, chloramphenicol is without effect on this reaction. Aurintricarboxylic acid and chlortetracycline, on the other hand rapidly and specifically inhibit ppGpp synthesis. Fusidic acid in the presence of saturating amounts of EF G also inhibits the reaction completely, suggesting that an empty ribosomal acceptor site is necessary for this reaction. On the other hand, the 50-S subunit proteins L7 and L12 are not required for stringent factor activity. Ribosomes from Pseudomonas fluorescens can replace those from Escherichia coli in the complete system, while ribosomes from Ehrlich ascites cannot. A small but reproducible synthesis of ppGpp is observed when the ribosomal wash from E. coli is complemented with ribosomes from wheat germ cytoplasm. PMID- 806306 TI - Nucleotide sequences of the T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion products from some large fragments of the 23S RNA of Escherichia coli. AB - When the 23S RNA from E. Coli was pretreated for 1 h at 60 degrees in the presence of Mg++ and K+ and then subjected to T1 ribonuclease attack, resistant fragments were recovered from 3 regions of the molecule: region A (containing 470 500 nucleotides) located at the 5' end of 23S RNA, region B (containing 520-550 nucleotides) located at the 3' end and region C (containing 110-120 nucleotides) lying between region A and region B. The nucleotide sequences of the T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion products from these 3 regions have been studied and in most cases determined. In the course of these studies, a certain number of abnormal nucleotides, which are not methylated, have been encountered. A low level of sequence heterogeneity was detected. PMID- 806308 TI - [Quantitative changes in the fat-soluble products of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2 benzanthracene-h3 metabolism during induction of mammary gland cancer in rats]. PMID- 806309 TI - Reduction of seizures and normalization of the EEG in a severe epileptic following sensorimotor biofeedback training: preliminary study. AB - Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) biofeedback training was attempted in a 13-year-old male with frequent epileptic seizures. Prior to training the subject was averaging almost eight clinical seizures an hour. The SMR filter was tuned sharply to 12 plus or minus 1 Hz. Feedback was conducted over approximately six months and continues to the present. In that time the subject's percentage of SMR increased from about 10%, prior to training, to 65% after the 34th training session. Correspondingly, his rate of clinical seizures decreased by a factor of 10 and a significant reduction in percentage of epileptiform discharges was noted. Beginning with trial 35, the subject was provided feedback of epileptiform activity in combination with 12 Hz activity. The combined effect of these two treatment variables was to reduce the trial-to-trial variance in the dependent variables of interest. PMID- 806310 TI - Some comparative aspects of implantation. PMID- 806307 TI - [Ribosomal apparatus of liver cells in the process of carinogenesis induced by 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene]. AB - A content of membrane-bound and free ribosomes, sedimentation distribution of total polyribosomes in a linear sucrose density gradient and their functional activity in a cell-free system of protein synthesis were estimated in liver of animals feeded with protein-poor rice diet containing a cancerogen, 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) at a dose of 15 mg per day. Periods of the experiments were 1-10 days, 1-2, 3-4 and 5 months from the beginning of DAB treatment. The decrease of protein-synthesizing activity, the decrease in the content of membrane-bound ribosomes and the oncrease in the content of free ribosomes in animal liver were observed at first days of DAB action. Changes in the quantitative ratio between membrane-bound and free ribosomes (in the direction of decreasing the content of membrane-bound ribosomes) was observed at all the stages of DAB-cancerogenesis. It is supposed that the uncoupling of ribosome-membrane bonds in endoplasmic reticulum takes an important part in cancerogenesis, disturbing intracellular regulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 806312 TI - Effect of papain on the interaction between human monocytes, erythrocytes, and IgG. AB - The mechanism by which papain detaches IgG-sensitized erythrocytes from the monocyte surface has been explored in an in vitro assay for the monocyte IgG receptor using red cells quantitatively sensitized with IgG anti-Rh D immunoglobulin. Papain treatment of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes diminished the ability of these cells to bind to the monocyte surface; however, treatment of erythrocytes with papain prior to sensitization with IgG did not inhibit binding, and at papain concentrations is greater than or equal to 38 mug/ml binding was enhanced. IgG receptor activity was not diminished by prior treatment of monolayer cells with papain and was enhanced with high concentrations of papain. These studies suggest that papain detaches erythrocytes from the monocyte surface by virtue of its proteolytic effect on IgG and not by an effect of papain on the D antigen of red cells or the IgG receptor on monocytes. PMID- 806311 TI - Calcium regulation of muscle contraction. AB - Calcium triggers contraction by reaction with regulatory proteins that in the absence of calcium prevent interaction of actin and myosin. Two different regulatory systems are found in different muscles. In actin-linked regulation troponin and tropomyosin regulate actin by blocking sites on actin required for complex formation with myosin; in myosin-linked regulation sites on myosin are blocked in the absence of calcium. The major features of actin control are as follows: there is a requirement for tropomyosin and for a troponin complex having three different subunits with different functions; the actin displays a cooperative behavior; and a movement of tropomyosin occurs controlled by the calcium binding on troponin. Myosin regulation is controlled by a regulatory subunit that can be dissociated in scallop myosin reversibly by removing divalent cations with EDTA. Myosin control can function with pure actin in the absence of tropomyosin. Calcium binding and regulation of molluscan myosins depend on the presence of regulatory light chains. It is proposed that the light chains function by sterically blocking myosin sites in the absence of calcium, and that the "off" state of myosin requires cooperation between the two myosin heads. Both myosin control and actin control are widely distributed in different organisms. Many invertebrates have muscles with both types of regulation. Actin control is absent in the muscles of molluscs and in several minor phyla that lack troponin. Myosin control is not found in striated vertebrate muscles and in the fast muscles of crustacean decapods, although regulatory light chains are present. While in vivo myosin control may not be excluded from vertebrate striated muscles, myosin control may be absent as a result of mutations of the myosin heavy chain. PMID- 806313 TI - A measurement technique for cell adhesiveness. AB - Determination of the percentage of cells in clumps on a stained smear of human peripheral blood porvided a useful, accurate technique for measuring cell adhesiveness. Smears of human peripheral blood drawn with EDTA were prepared on a blood slide centrifuge, stained, and examined under a light microscope. Statistical analysis showed that the method resulted in a Poisson distribution of particles on the slide, where a particle was considered to be a simple cell, or two or more cells which appeared to be touching, Analysis of the distributions of erythrocytes and leukocytes showed that clumps were formed before the cells were deposited on the slide. When adhesiveness of erythrocytes or leukocytes was increased by incubation with antiserum to the corresponding cell type, the percentage of that cell type in clumps increased proportionately, Preliminary results using the method showed that normal human donors had similar to 1% of their erythrocytes and 1-5% of their leukocytes in clumps. In chronic myelocytic leukemia, as many as 60% of the leukocytes were in clumps. PMID- 806315 TI - The sum of chlorinated and of brominated non-polar hydrocarbons in water. AB - It is proposed to use chlorine as a common parameter in the study of the non polar chlorinated hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. Also the ratio of the sum of chlorine to bromine may be useful indicator of pollution by such compounds. Detector of chlorine and of bromine in this form is based on neutron activation analysis. Further information on the nature of organochlorine material is obtained by studying variations in the chlorine content with chemical and physical manipulations. Simultaneous determination of known organochlorine micropollutants allows the level of unidentified chlorinated hydrocarbons to be assessed. In samples of fresh- and sea-water so far analyzed, the total content of non-polar organic bound chlorine exceeds that which can be accounted for as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by a factor of 10 to 100. PMID- 806316 TI - A novel route of excretion of 2, 4, 3', 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in rats. PMID- 806314 TI - The brown pelican and certain environmental pollutants in Louisiana. PMID- 806317 TI - Bacillus subtilis; a sensitive bioassay for patulin. AB - The inhibition of the germination of Bacillus subtilis spores by patulin provides a sensitive and simple technique for the microbiological detection of this mycotoxin. The paper disc assay procedure is performed in standardized plastic plates containing agar and spores. Significant inhibition was obtained with as little as 1 microgram patulin. PMID- 806318 TI - Recognition of infection associated with intravenous catheters. AB - Four cases are described in which the patients suffered from bacteriaemia due to infected intravenous infusions. Although all the patients were pyrexial, the white cell count was normal in all 4 cases at diagnosis and the infusion site appeared innocent. Following removal of the intravenous catheter and the institution of antibiotic therapy in each case, neutrophilia and localizing signs developed. It is stressed that a normal white cell count and an innocent appearance at the infusion site do not exclude this complication of intravenous therapy. Possible reasons for this presentation for sepsis are discussed. PMID- 806319 TI - Letter: Comparison between free thyroxine index and effective thyroxine ratio. PMID- 806321 TI - Letter: Society's responsibility. PMID- 806322 TI - Letter: Fibre content of bread. PMID- 806320 TI - Brucellosis and veterinary surgeons. AB - Forty-six veterinary surgeons were given a full clinical examination, serological examinations with estimates of immunoglobulins, and supplementary haematological and radiological investigations. Thirty-five complained of one or more symptoms, and eight had abnormal physical signs which might have been caused by infection with Brucella abortus, but neither sereological tests results nor immunoglobulin estimates bore any special relation to the clinical features. The soundest way of assessing ill health which had possibly been caused by brucellosis seemed to be thorough clinical examination and disregard of serologican findings. Interpreting results by the usual serological tests in the absence of a clinical examination is probably of doubtful value and may even be misleading. PMID- 806323 TI - Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone: actions on thyrotrophin and prolactin secretion after thyrotrophinreleasing hormone. AB - The hypothalamic tetradecapeptide growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH RIH) blocked the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in normal people and in patients with primary hypothyroidism. This inhibition was dose related. The TRH-induced prolactin release was not affected by GH-RIH. This dissociation of the thyrotrophin and prolactin responses to TRH by GH-RIH suggests that there are different mechanisms for release of thyrotrophin and prolactin and that only the former is affected by GH-RIH. PMID- 806324 TI - Osteomalacia presenting as chorea. AB - A 16-year-old epileptic developed chorea. He had osteomalacia, hypocalcaemia, and hyperphosphataemia, which were due not to hypoparathyroidism but to vitamin D deficiency--itself secondary to longstanding dietary deficiency and anticonvulsant drug administration. PMID- 806325 TI - Hereditary disease and its control. PMID- 806326 TI - Possible inhibition of N. gonnorrhoeae by C. albicans. A clinical study. AB - A probably sifnificant difference (p smaller that 0.05) in the occurrence of gonorrhoea was found between women with and without concomitant C. albicans infection. Although this difference could support the recently reported inhibitory effect by C. albicans on N. gonorrhoeae in vitro another explanation might be the possibility that too many women with vaginal candidiasis and no risk for a gonococcal infection were included in the material. There was nothing to support the in vivo effect of C. albicans on N. gonorrhoeae as negative gonococcal cultures in women known to have been exposed to N. gonorrhoeae could not be correlated with the presence of C. albicans. Until the clinical importance of the inhibitory factor of C. albicans has been studied further, the clinician has to be aware of the possibility of false negative gonococcal cultures from women with vaginal candidiasis. PMID- 806327 TI - Frequency of N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, and C. albicans in female venereological patients. A one-year study. AB - The frequency of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida albicans has been studied over a period of one year in women attending a venereal diseases clinic. A total of 1,347 women were investigated, all coming from the same catchment area. Gonorrhoea was established at the first visit in 506 patients (38 per cent.), who constituted 97.5 per cent. of the total number of cases of gonorrhoea. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 272 (20 per cent.) and Candida albicans in 233 (17 per cent.). 176 patients (13 per cent.) had more than one pathogen. Of the patients attending, 22 per cent. (292 women) were so-called "named contacts". The frequency of gonorrhoea established at the first visit in these patients (64 per cent.), was significantly higher, but the frequency of symptoms did not differ from that in other gonorrhoea patients. The number of asymptomatic cases was so large that a single compulsory examination is undoubtedly very useful from the epidemiological point of view, but the value of repeated specimen collections for gonorrhoea is debatable. Complications of gonorrhoea were observed in 29 patients (6 per cent.) at the first visit. PMID- 806328 TI - Effects of edetate on seizure suppressing actions of taurine and GABA. PMID- 806329 TI - X- and Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). PMID- 806330 TI - Some observations on the caecal microflora of the chick during the first two weeks of life. AB - 1. Changes in the caecal flora of chicks aged from approximately 3 h to 14 d were studied. 2. Counts obtained by means of a conventional anaerobic plating method and a method for the stricter anaerobes remained comparable throughout but occasionally it was found that strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the predominant flora of 4- to 14-d-old birds could not be grown when tested by the conventional method. 3. During the 14-d period approximately 100% of the organisms isolated on anaerobic plates utilised uric acid up to the third day but the incidence subsequently declined and in one case represented only 4% of the total flora. 4. The predominant uric acid-utilising bacteria were Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli up to 3 d of age and various types of anaerobic bacteria thereafter. 5. None of the isolates showed an absolute requirement for uric acid. PMID- 806331 TI - Molecular weight and amino acid composition of fowl delta-globulin. AB - 1. The molecular weight of delta-globulin was estimated chromatographically to be about 10,700 daltons. 2. Ultracentrifuge experiments at 2-7 times 10-5 g gave values of s20, w = (1-49+0-16c) times 10- minus 13 s for the sedimentation coefficient and D20, w = (1-12+0-19c) times 10- minus 6 cm-2 s- minus 1 for the diffusion coefficient, c being the protain concentration (g/100 ml). 3. According to the Svedberg equation, these imply a molecular weight of 12,470 daltons, assuming v = 0-74 ml/g. 4. Using refractometer measurements of protein concentration it was found that E-1% 1cm (278 nm) = 5-57 at pH 7-8. 5. From the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the protein in 0-1 N NaOH it was concluded that the molecule probably contains four tyrosine residues and no tryptophan. 6. On this basis a revised amino acid composition is given. PMID- 806332 TI - Solubilization of microsomal NADPH: cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome bs following the trypsin and pronase treatment. PMID- 806333 TI - Immunodiffusion and electrophoretic analysis of antigens from Strongyloides papillosus. PMID- 806334 TI - Fibrin complexes with beta-lipoproteins. PMID- 806335 TI - Effect of matrix bound phosphate and fluoride on mineralization of dentin. AB - Completely demineralized bovine dentin mineralized to a high degree, but only after extraction of about half of its organic phosphate. Initiation of mineral formation depended on the concentrations of Ca2 plus, Pi, HCO3 minus and H plus ions in the incubation solution. After nucleation, mineral accretion by the dentin continued in solutions that did not, themselves, initiate mineralization. The nucleation phase, but not the subsequent accretion of mineral, was sensitive to small changes in temperature. Inclusion of 0.05 mM NaF in the solution markedly reduced the amount of mineral deposited during the nucleation phase but apparently enhanced subsequent mineralization. PMID- 806337 TI - DNA polymerase activity associated with endogenous template: release by ribonuclease treatment. AB - A ribonuclease-sensitive DNA polymerase, which uses an endogenous template, is detectable in the 39,000 g supernatant of a rat thymus homogenate, and appears as a single peak of activity in the void volume after Sephadex G 150 or G 200 gel filtration chromatography. Native and "activated" DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities coincide with the endogenous-templated polymerase activity. Treatment of the thymus extract with ribonuclease(s) prior to gel filtration chromatography yields two other peaks of activity in addition to the void volume peak. The appearance of the two lower molecular weight peaks of activity is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the endogenous-templated activity. The effect of ribonuclease is specific and cannot be reproduced by a similar deoxyribonuclease treatment. PMID- 806336 TI - Mineralization of dentin, bone and tendon in vitro. AB - Bovin dentin, bone and tendon slices, and rat bone, readily mineralize to variable degrees after demineralization by (EDTA) at pH 7.4, but they fail to mineralize after dimeralzation with acetic acid (HAc) at pH3.0. The demineralized dentin, but neither bone nor tendon, contained organically bound phosphate. The EDTA-demineralized dentin contained less phosphate than HAc-demineralized dentin. HAc-demineralized rat dentin contained high levels of phosphate. Since the EDTA- and HAc-demineralized rat dentin contained widely different levels of phosphate, yet both mineralized, it was concluded that phosphoprotein had little effect on nucleation. The reason why HAc-demineralized tissue other than rat dentin failed to nucleate and mineralize was not clarified. PMID- 806338 TI - The effect of polychlorinated biphenyl on steroidogenesis and reproduction in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). AB - Livers from brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) held in water containing 3.8 p.p.m. (mg/l) Corexit and in water containing 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit + 0.2 p.p.m. polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were firmer in texture than livers taken from control trout held in fresh water. The testes from the PCB-treated trout were darker in color, smaller in size, contained less spermatic fluid, and appeared to be regressed when compared with testes from the control fish. Only 72% of the eggs from PCB-treated trout hatched compared to 92% for control eggs when eggs were incubated in fresh water. Fertilized eggs incubated in water containing 0.2 p.p.m. PCB + 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit resulted in less than 1% of the eggs from the untreated fish and none of the eggs from PCB-treated fish being hatched. The young fish from the control group lived only a few days in the water containing PCB. PCB greatly stimulated the in vitro 11beta-hydroxylation of testosterone by trout testicular tissue. There was no significant change in 11-ketotestosterone blood levels in maturing brook trout after treatment with 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit or 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit + 0.2 p.p.m. PCB for 21 days during the final stages of maturation. It is thought that sublethal levels of PCB can interfere with the reproduction process in this species. PMID- 806339 TI - Avian leucocytozoidae. I. Morphometric variation in three species of Leucocytozoon and some taxonomic implications. PMID- 806340 TI - Avian haemoproteidae. 6. Description of Haemoproteus caprimulgi sp. nov., and a review of the haemoproteids of the family Caprimulgidae. PMID- 806341 TI - Antibiotic abuse: the testimony of medical students. AB - Surveys of the use of antimicrobial drugs on students during antimicrobial drugs on students during their first 15 months in medical or dental school indicate that they have been treated with these agents at least three times as frequently as seems reasonable, and that the tetracyclines, ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin are the chief drugs overused. Antimicrobiol therapy is frequently instituted for probable viral respiratory tract infections and without any attempt to establish a bacteriologic diagnosis. It is likely that anitmicrobiol agents are used more widely in treating the general public in Canada than in treating medical students. Improvements in the rational use of this important group of drugs could increase the quality and probably reduced the cost of medical care. PMID- 806343 TI - Evaluation of the charcoal transport and "Transgrow" media as holding for N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 806344 TI - The fine structure of the branched alpha-D-glucan from the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans: comparison with other bacterial glycogens and phytoglycogen. AB - The fine structure of the glycogen from the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans has been examined. After selective hydrolysis of all (1 yields 6)-alpha-D linkages by a bacterial isoamylase, the resulting mixture of linear chains was subjected to gel permeation chromatography. For purposes of comparison, the glycogens from Escherichia coli and Arthrobacter sp., amylopectin, phytoglycogen from sweet corn, and shell-fish glycogen were treated similarly. The profiles of the unit chains of A nidulans glycogen and phytoglycogen were closely similar. There was no close resemblance in the size distribution of unit chains for A. nidulans glycogen, other bacterial glycogens, and amylopectin. PMID- 806342 TI - Prevention of Rh immunization. PMID- 806345 TI - The preparation and invivo use of silver sulphadiazine cream for treatment of burns infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 806346 TI - Characterization of light chain and light chain constant region fragment mRNAs in MPC 11 mouse myeloma cells and variants. AB - Cultured MPC 11 mouse myeloma cells synthesize not only gamma2b heavy and kappa light chains but also a carboxyl terminal (constant region) fragment of kappa light chain. In vitro translational analysis of total cytoplasmic and microsomal RNA indicates that these cells contain RNA which directs synthesis of both a light chain precursor and a light chain fragment precursor. Variant clones which do not synthesize either heavy or light chains continue to synthesize the light chain fragment. One such "nonproducing" variant was studied in detail. It does not contain translatable mRNA for the intact light chain but does contain RNA which is translated into the light chain fragment precursor. Nucleic acid hybridization analysis with a cDNA probe specific for the constant region of kappa light chains revealed that microsomal RNA from the wild-type cell contains both 14S and a 10S species of kappa specific RNA, whereas the variant contains only the 10S species. Translational analysis of these same RNAs indicates that the 14S species codes for the light chain precursor, while the 10S RNA codes for the light chain fragment precursor. PMID- 806347 TI - Characterization of six cloned DNAs from Drosophila melanogaster, including one that contains the genes for rRNA. AB - pDm plasmids were constructed from D. melanogaster and pSC101 DNAs by a modification of the EcoR1-ligase method which insured that each hybrid molecule contained a single segment of D. melanogaster chromosomal DNA (Dm segment). The sequences in the Dm segments of six cloned pDm DNAs were mapped within the D. melanogaster polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization, and their repetition frequencies within the Dm segment and within the genome were determined. Four of these segments consist of sequences that are confined to single chromomeric regions in the polytene chromosomes and exhibit little or no repetition. The characteristics of this group, and also two of three Dm segments analyzed earlier (Wensink et al., 1974), are inconsistent with tandem repetition models of the chromomere. By contrast, the other two Dm segments contain moderately repetitive sequences that are located in the heterochromatin. One of these appears to be a segment of the Y chromosome in which about half the sequences are nonrepetitive and half are repeated about 33 times per genome, though they are not repeated within the segment. The second contains the DNA coding for 18 and 28S rRNA. PMID- 806348 TI - Inverted repeat sequences in the Drosophila genome. AB - The properties of inverted repeat (foldback) sequences in Drosophila melanogaster DNA have been studied by HAP chromatography and electron microscope methods. Electron microscope observations show that there is a broad distribution of lengths of the duplex regions of the inverted repeats from very short to greater than 15 kb, with number and weight average values of 1.35 kb and 5.0 kb respectively. About 20% of the inverted repeats are separated by a single-strand spacer with lengths too short to observe, but the other 80% have spacers, P, with lengths ranging from 0.5 kb to greater than 30 kb. The number average and weight average spacer lengths for the total sample are 2.7 kb and 6.1 kb. With respect to the lengths of the spacers, P, between inverted repeats, the Drosophila genome differs from that of most organisms which have been studied where the spacers P are mostly too short to be measured. EM and HAP studies suggest that the average center-to-center spacing between sets of inverted repeats is 40-80 kb. The HAP studies show that there is a broad range of thermal stabilities for the duplexes formed by reassociation of inverted repeat sequences. Kinetic analysis shows that all of the frequency components of the Drosophila genome are present in the inverted repeats, the loops P, and the flanking sequences. There is a somewhat larger proportion of middle repetitive DNA in those inverted repeat duplexes which are resistant to digestion by Mung Bean Endonuclease I. These enzyme resistant duplexes comprise about 3% of the entire genome. It is estimated that there are approximately 2000-4000 inverted repeat pairs in the entire genome. PMID- 806349 TI - Polypyrimidine segments in Drosophila melanogaster DNA: I. Detection of a cryptic satellite containing polypyrimidine/polypurine DNA. AB - Very long runs of pyrimidine nucleotides (polypyrimidines), previously detected in DNA from Drosophila melanogaster, have now been localized to a "cryptic" satellite. These polypyrimidines have an average length of 750 nucleotides and account for about 3% of the thymine residues in total DNA. The buoyant density of the DNA component which contains the polypyrimidines was detected by centrifuging native DNA to equilibrium in a CsCl gradient, and then assaying each fraction for its content of polypyrimidines. A peak was detected at adensity of about 1.707 gm/cm-3, distinctly heavier than the main band of DNA (1.702 gm/cm-3). The buoyant density of polypyrimidine-containing molecules was little affected by differences in the molecular weight of the starting DNA in the range 10-5-10-7 daltons (single-stranded). Thus polypyrimidines (and their complementary polypurines) appear to form all or part of a "cryptic" satellite. Polypyrimidines have been isolated and characterized with respect to composition and buoyant density. Direct nucleoside analysis of unlabeled material indicated 34.5% deoxycylidine, 65.5% thymidine. Their banding position in neutral and alkaline CsCl gradients was consistent with a single-stranded DNA polymer of this composition. PMID- 806350 TI - Polypyrimidine segments in Drosophila melanogaster DNA: II. Chromosome location and nucleotide sequence. AB - Long pyrimidine tracts, purified from Drosophila melanogaster DNA after treatment with formic acid-diphenylamine, were used as template for E. coli RNA polymerase to produce a polynucleotide containing only purines. This polypurine RNA hybridized specifically to D. melanogaster DNA with high efficiency at low Cot values. The resulting hybrid showed high thermal stability. When polypurine RNA was subjected to complete hydrolysis with ribonuclease T1, over 90% of the nucleotide products were ApGp and ApApGp. Partial hydrolysis yielded a distinct additional component, ApApGpApGp + ApGpApApGp. We conclude that the major sequence in the polypurine transcript is (ApGpApApGp)n. In situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes and to metaphase chromosomes from neural ganglia indicated that polypyrimidines complementary to polypurine RNA are located in heterochromatin. In femal cells, the predominant labeling was on centromeric heterochromatin of the 2nd chromosome. We have verified the location of polypyrimidines in neural ganglion cells, by using a cytological marker of chromosomes 2. In male cells, hybrid was also found on the Y chromosome. PMID- 806351 TI - Induced RNP production in different cell types of Drosophila. AB - The typical RNP complexes produced in puff 2-48BC in the salivary gland chromosomes as a consequence of treatments interfering with the cellular respiratory metabolism have been found in various other cell types after treatment with 5-10- minus 2 M vitamin B6 for 4 hr. In Drosophila hydei the typical RNP complexes were present in puff 2-48BC in the nuclei of gastric caeca cells, in nuclei of cells of the imaginal (wing) discs and embryonic cells in primary culture. Similar RNP complexes were observed in a puff in D. virilis salivary gland nuclei, but not in salivary gland nuclei of D. melanogaster. PMID- 806352 TI - The chronic lymphatic leukemia lymphocyte: correlation of functional, metabolic, and surface immunoglobulin characteristics. PMID- 806353 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to Murine tumor allografts. Increase in the activities of activated thymus-derived cells following in vitro incubation. PMID- 806354 TI - Protease activity of normal and PHA stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 806355 TI - Functional activation of immune lymphocytes by antigenic stimulation in cell mediated immunity. I. Requirement for macrophages in antigen-induced MIF production by guinea pig immune lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 806356 TI - Cytotoxic effector mechanisms detected in the central lymph of sheep followin immunisation with allogeneic or xenogeneic cell suspensions. Direct lymphocyte mediated target cell killing and immunoblast synthesis of complement- and leukocyte-dependent antibodies. PMID- 806357 TI - Antigen binding to lymphoid cells from unimmunized mice. II. High frequency of antigen-binding cells for several protein antigens by a morphologically distinct Ig-bearing population of T- and B-lymphocytes. PMID- 806358 TI - Antigen binding to lymphoid cells from unimmunized mice. III. Multiple antigen binding to single B- and T-cells. PMID- 806359 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis of allogeneic tumor cells in vitro. I. Search for target antigens in subcellular fractions. PMID- 806361 TI - [Commercially produced set for the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 806360 TI - The differential localization of the in vitro spontaneous antibody and proliferative responses in lymphoid organs proximal and distal to the site of primary immunization. PMID- 806362 TI - [Effectiveness of tine chelates EDTA, CDTA and DTPA during detoxication of chromium, nickel and cobalt compounds and their use in dermatology]. PMID- 806363 TI - [Occurrence of serological conflicts in multifoetal gravidity]. PMID- 806364 TI - [The influence of curved surface of the dose distribution during the irradiation with fast electrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 806365 TI - [Homogenity of composite field during irradiation by fast electrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 806366 TI - The comparison of results acquired by some dosimeters with the use of high energy betatron 42 MeV (author's transl). PMID- 806367 TI - Comparative effect of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on azo dye metabolism in rat liver. II. In vivo binding of metabolites to cellular macromolecules. AB - The binding of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) metabolites to liver total protein and nuclear DNA was studied in rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB) or 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC), then fed with a (-14C)DAB diet (0.06%) for 3 days. Three consecutive injections of PB (80mg-kg) led to a 50% decrease of DAB metabolites bound to total protein and nuclear DNA. A single injection of 3-MC(20 mg-kg) roughly doubled the amount of metabolites bound to nuclear DNA but did not modify those bound to protein. When given in the diet (0.005%) for 8 days before the (-14C)-DAB diet, 3-MC did not change the amount of DAB metabolites bound either to protein, or to DNA. The opposite effect of PB and 3-MC injections on azodye binding to cellular constituents might be relevant to the action of these drugs on carcinogenesis. Moreover the route of 3-MC administration might be meaningful since DAB metabolite binding to DNA was only increased by intraperitoneal injection. PMID- 806368 TI - Insecticidal and larvicidal activities of the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 rubratoxin B, patulin and diacetoxyscirpenol towards Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In larvicide tests with four mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 was most toxic to Drosophila melanogaster, followed by rubratoxin B and diacetoxyscirpenol. In concentrations of 20, 10 and 1 mug/cm-2 rubratoxin B and patulin had strong insecticidal activities. Aflatoxin B1 and diacetoxyscirpenol were less active in the contact tests. PMID- 806369 TI - Postnatal stimulation of hepatic microsomal enzymes following administration of TCDD to pregnant rats. AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administered to pregnant rats at 3 mu g/kg as a single oral dose during early, middle, or late gestation caused marked elevations of some maternal hepatic microsomal enzymes for at least 10 weeks after treatment. This dose was not teratogenic and fetal rates of glucuronidation of testosterone and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were unaffected. Increases in fetal liver benzpyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activities were evident during late gestation although cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b-5 contents were unchanged. The offspring of pregnant rats administered TCDD had markedly elevated hepatic PNP UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) BPH, and microsomal cytochrome contents whereas the perinatal development of testosterone UDPGT was unchanged. PNP glucuronidation attained a maximal 8-fold increase above controls by 3 weeks after birth and activities were twice that of controls 8 weeks after birth (adults). Maximal increases in benzpyrene hydroxylation rates occurred one day after birth when in the prenatally exposed group activities were approximately 20 times higher than controls. Foster mother experiments demonstrated that the postnatal inductive effect resulted both from exposure of newborns to TCDD via maternal milk and the activation of an inducing mechanism occurring after birth. Tese data demonstrate that multiple factors are responsible for the induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes in the newborn following administration of TCDD to pregnant rats. PMID- 806370 TI - Effects of cupric ions on the antitumour activity of diazoacetyl-glycine derivatives. PMID- 806371 TI - [Short-range effect of the magnesium content of a diet rich in colza oil on the lipid content of the heart and the mineral content of soft tissue]. PMID- 806372 TI - [Interactions of sexual and aggressive motivations in domestic cattle]. PMID- 806373 TI - [Production of epsilon-N-acetyl-L-lysine by a Corynebacterium mutant over producing lysine]. PMID- 806374 TI - [Action of calcium chloride in the cardiotoxicity in the rat of purified gamma toxin isolated from Naja nigricollis venom]. PMID- 806375 TI - [Changes in the parameters of mitochondrial respiration and of the level of various nucleotides in rat hepatocytes after in vivo contamination by plutonium (239 Pu) citrate]. PMID- 806376 TI - [Biological surface dosimetry of gamma rays from cobalt 60]. PMID- 806377 TI - [Action of K+ and Mg++ ions on the response of the rat ovary to follicle stimulating hormone: in vitro incorporation of 14C-glycine in ovarian proteins]. PMID- 806378 TI - [Appearance of cataracts without hyperglycemia in the offspring of a female rat made diabetic by alloxan]. PMID- 806379 TI - [Comparative study of the sweating function in the rat and mouse]. PMID- 806380 TI - [Synthesis of indolamines in the pineal organ of birds: radioautographic study in the parrot (Melopsittacus undulatus Shaw)]. PMID- 806381 TI - [Effect of adrenaline on plasma levels of fatty acid in adrenalectomized rats. Possible role of adrenergic receptors]. PMID- 806382 TI - [Ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium of the rat: polymorphism of the receptors]. AB - The olfactory epithelium of the Rat is studied by transmission electron microscopy. Two types of bipolar sensory cells are described. One (A type) is homologous to the receptors already described in vertebrates. The other (B type) is less frequently found and shows different morphological characteristics. Another peculiar epithelial cell-type (C type) was occasionally observed. PMID- 806384 TI - [Control of respiration in teleostean fishes: existence of chemoreceptors, physiologically analogous to those of higher vertebrates]. AB - Injection of NaCN or lobeline into the ventral aorta of the trout or carp provokes hyperventilation and bradycardia within 5 seconds, responses which are the weaker the higher the oxygen tension of the ambient water. The reactions, precisely similar to the chemoreflexes of higher vertebrates, suggest that these fish also possess arterial chemoreceptors. PMID- 806383 TI - [Role played by various cancerous extracts treated by heat on cellular proliferation]. PMID- 806385 TI - [Comparison of the fetal and maternal adrenocortical activity during nycthem eron and gestation]. PMID- 806386 TI - [Spectrofluorometric determination of epiphyseal serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine equals 5-HT) in reptiles. Variations of the level of 5-HT as a function of season cycles in Testudo hermanni]. AB - Pineal concentrations of serotonin in Testudo hermanni shows marked seasonal changes, according to a circannual rhythm with maximum in summer and minimum in winter, in animals which are living outside from one end of the year to the other, under natural lighting conditions. The amplitude of the 5-HT circadian rhythm shows also marked seasonal changes. PMID- 806387 TI - [Structural study of dopamine beta hydroxylase purified from human serum]. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) has been purified from human serum. The ensyme appeared to be pure as judged by the criterion of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native protein has a molecular weight of 250,000. When treated with dithiothreitor, the native protein could be dissociated into species with molecular weight of 64,500 and 32,000. It is suggested that the human circulating DBH is composed of four subunits and that each subunit may be composed of two polypeptide chains. PMID- 806388 TI - [Comparative study of the morphologic effects of histones and nonhistone proteins on embryonic cells differentiating in vitro]. PMID- 806389 TI - [Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner mutants resistant to various antibiotics and showing alterations of sporulation]. AB - Mutants resistant to oxytetracyclin, erythromycin and neomycin but not to streptomycin, often shown, in the absence of antibiotic, alterations in sporulation: slight or pronounced temperature-sensitive character between 30 and 37 degrees C, slight thermoresistance of refractive spores formed at 30 degrees C, oligosporogenic character at 30 degrees C. PMID- 806390 TI - [Demonstration of brucella antigens in situ in mouse cells and spleen by electron microscopy]. AB - The immunoglobulins of rabbit anti-brucella immunsera were conjugated to horse radish peroxydase and used to revell the bacterial antigens during the experimental infection of mice with Brucella suis. The technique seems to make possible the identification of bacteria that have undergone morphological modifications after phagocytosis. PMID- 806391 TI - [Isolation and localization of the ST (spleno-thymic) antigen]. PMID- 806393 TI - [Study by fluorescence of DNA treated by 7-methyl-benzo (a) anthracene in the presence of a microsomal oxidation system]. AB - When calf thymus DNA is treated with 7 methyl benzo(a)anthracene is presence of NADPH requiring microsomal hydroxylating system, the fluorescent signal observed on DNA after purification of the macromolecule shows the presence of 2 kinds of the hydrocarbon metabolites. One would countain probably a conjugated system analogous to the parent hydrocarbon ones, the other corresponds to a reduced conjugated system. PMID- 806392 TI - [Action of carbon tetrachloride on the quality of hepatic collagen]. AB - The collagen, abundantly accumulated in the liver of carbon tetrachloride treated rats, is highly resistant to dissociative agents, indicating a stron cross linkage. However, even after a very long treatment, such collagen can be resorbed. PMID- 806394 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nitroglycerin (NTG) has recently been suggested to decrease myocardial ischemia and enhance cardiac pump function during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To evaluate the sublingual agnet in this condition, the hemodynamic effects of 0.4 mg NTG administered to 16 supine patients during the first 72 hours of AMI were determined serially 5, 10 to 15, and 20 to 30 minutes post-NTG. Data were evaluated for the entire group, as well as for six patients with normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAW) (less than or equal to 12 mm Hg; mean 7) who formed group I and for ten patients with elevated PAW (greater than 12 MM Hg; mean 19) who comprised group II. In the 16 patients, NTG resulted in significant decreases in PAW (14 TO 7 MM Hg; P less than .01), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) (95 TO 82 MM Hg; P less than .01), cardiac index (CI) (1.79 TO 1.46 L/min/m-2; P less than .02), stroke index (SI) (24 TO 18 CC/M-2; P less than .01) and stroke work index (SWI) (27 TO 20 GM TIMES M/M-2; P less than .01). These alterations were significant in both subgroups, with the decline in PAW greater (P less than .05), while there was no change in group II. There was no significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR) for the entire group or in the two subgroups. This study demonstrates that, regardless of initial left ventricular filling pressure, sublingual NTG given in the acute phase of AMI results in rapid fall in PAW, concomitant with decreases in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output and SWI, without changes in TPVR and with little or no effect on heart rate. Since TPVR was unaltered, the decline in MAP was due to fall in cardiac output. Thus, the principal action of sublingual NTG in AMI appears to be systemic venodilation with consequent reduction of ventricular preload. This effect is translated into decline ofpump output even in patients with high initial filling pressures. Although NTG may rapidly relieve pulmonary congestion and lower myocardial oxygen consumption, use of the agent sublingually is limited in AMI because these salutary effects are accomppanied by potentially deleterious fall in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure. PMID- 806395 TI - Seasonal nephrotic syndrome. Description and immunological findings. AB - Three cases are described showing a seasonal exacerbation of their nephrotic syndrome in association with an atopic trait and grass pollen allergy. The first patient has a history of four consecutive seasonal relapses each requiring steroid therapy. Following a course of desensitization injections he has now been free of relapse for 3 consecutive years. The second patient has also had a recurrent steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome often associated with the pollen season and allergic rhinitis. In this patient a course of cyclophosphamide has reduced his tendency to relapse. The third patient who has been on continuous prednisone therapy shows a seasonal increase in proteinuria. Serum changes in the first two patients include: a seasonal rise in total and grass pollen specific IgE; the continued presence of grass pollen specific IgG throughout the year but with a reduction during the pollen season in association with a more pronounced fall in the total IgG level; a depression in the C3 level in association with each major relapse; a mild rise in the I-K titre and a positive result in the Clq test for circulating complexes. A renal biopsy performed on the first patient when in relapse showed minor histological changes only and IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, C3 and fibrinogen were undetectable by immunofluorescent examination. The probable mechanism for the development of proteinuria in these patients is discussed. PMID- 806396 TI - A double blind trial of a 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate in perennial rhinitis. AB - Nineteen patients with perennial rhinitis were studied in a double blind crossover trial of 8 weeks duration using a 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate and placebo. Nasal smears, blood counts and serum IgE levels were carried out to determine whether any changes occurred with either the active or placebo formulations. Clinically, thirteen patients were greatly improved with the active solution, four showed no change and two became worse. Eosinophils in the nasal secretions were generally reduced during the administration of active solution but remained unchanged with the placebo. PMID- 806397 TI - Studies on interrelations between eosinophilia, serum IgE and tissue mast cells. AB - In an examination of a variety of diseases associated with a peripheral blood eosinophilia it is evident that the eosinophilia is not necessarily accompanied by increased amounts of serum IgE. Tissue eosinophilia occurring with mast cell hyperplasia and usually increased amounts of IgE, indicate atopic allergy. It is considered that the eosinophilic granuloma of soft tissue (Kimura's disease) is an atopic disease and quite different from histiocytosis X. PMID- 806398 TI - Morphological changes of basophils in immunological reactions--effect of sodium cromoglycate. AB - The morphological changes in blood basophils, from patients with bronchial asthma, were studied in vitro during immunological reactions, with particular reference to interaction with anti-IgE. Anti-human IgE results in an absolute reduction in basophil numbers in buffy coat preparations as well as basophil cytoplasmic degranulation. An increase in the number of pear-shaped (A-form) basophils is also observed. Sodium cromoglycate impairs all these anti-IgE induced basophil changes, providing further insight into the mechanism of action of this compound in bronchial asthma. PMID- 806399 TI - Cross-reacting antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Two cases are described of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in whom cross reacting antibodies developed to a glycopeptide antigen of Micropolyspora faeni. The antibodies were predominantly IgG, although some IgM was detected. Precipitin responses to M. faeni were detected for 4 months after the initial illness in one case, and 1 month in the second case. The cross-reacting antibodies were closely related to the antibodies responsible for the complement fixation reaction to M. pneumoniae. It is suggested that a common polysaccharide antigen may exist on the surface membranes of M. pneumoniae and M. faeni. Initial studies of the frequency of the development of cross-reacting antibodies in M. pneumoniae infection suggest it is uncommon. Atypical cases of farmer's lung should be investigated to exclude M. pneumoniae infection. PMID- 806401 TI - Anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections. Clinical considerations. PMID- 806400 TI - Biphasic reaction after inhalation of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease. AB - In patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD), who had precipitins against Haemophilus influenzae (HI), a biphasic bronchial obstructive reaction is described after inhalation of killed HI bacteria. There was an early obstructive reaction, occurring immediately after the inhalation and lasting for 1 hr, followed by a late reaction, which started 5-6 hr after the inhalation and lasted for about 8 hr. The late reaction was accompanied by fever, malaise and leucocytosis. The difference in reaction after HI inhalation in five patients and two controls, and the effect of protection with sodium cromoglycate and prednisolone are discussed. PMID- 806402 TI - Bacterial infections of the nervous system; etiologic and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 806404 TI - A microassay for Gaucher's disease. AB - We report a new assay for the detection of individuals heterozygous and homozygous for Gaucher's disease which requires relatively small samples of whole blood (0.3 ml), and which determines 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D glucopyranoside:beta-glucosidase activity under conditions optimal for the determination of leukocyte glucocerebroside:beta-glucocereborsidase activity. The procedure involves the preparation of a leukocyte pellet from 50 mul of whole blood by hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes, followed by assay of beta-glucosidase activity at pH 5.5 in the presence of sodium taurocholate (0.6 g/100 ml). The methods described may also prove to be useful for the diagnosis of other diseases of enzyme deficiency which use fluorogenic substrates and leukocytes as a source of enzyme, such as Fabry's disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and generalized gangliosidosis. PMID- 806403 TI - Estimations of active and inactive carbonic anhydrase isozyme B in human red cells. AB - Human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozyme B was measured by a specific and immunological method. The levels of carbonic anhydrase B were determined in normal subjects, patients with hyperthyroidism, and patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and patients with epilepsy under treatment with acetazolamide, using the rapid assay method of single radial immunodiffusion. The levels of carbonic anhydrase B showed a decrease in hyperthyroidism, and increased in chronic obstructive lung diseases and epilepsies. Closely negative correlations were observed between carbonic anhydrase B and T3 resin sponge uptake or protein bound iodine (PBI) levels in hyperthyroidism. Simultaneously, carbonic anhydrase B-dependent esterase activity (active carbonic anhydrase B enzyme) was determined kinetically using the immunoadsorbent method in the above mentioned patients. The results were compared with the total enzyme protein (active and inactive carbonic anhydrase B enzyme), estimated by the single radial immunodiffusion technique. In patients treated with acetazolamide, the "true" specific activity of the carbonic anhydrase B (carbonic anhydrase B-dependent esterase activity/total carbonic anhydrase B protein) decreased remarkably. In chronic obstructive lung disease, no remarkable changes were observed. On the other hand the specific activity was elevated in hyperthyroidism to 2 times higher than that of normal subjects. The clinical significance of these active enzymes is discussed. PMID- 806405 TI - [Growth hormone secretion and active amines]. PMID- 806406 TI - Quantitation of transformed lymphocytes by flow cytofluorimetry. 1. Phytohemagglutinin response. PMID- 806407 TI - Hemolytic anemia with serum and erythrocyte-bound low-molecular-weight IgM. PMID- 806408 TI - The influence of homogeneous cold agglutinins on human B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 806410 TI - Amino acid and protein intake in RDT patients. A nutritional and biochemical analysis. AB - In 40 unselected RDT patients (20 center and 20 home dialysis patients) the intake of nutrients was measured using the precise weighing method of Wirths [1969]. The protein intake was found to be 0.97 plus or minus 0.19 g/kg predialysis body weight, the calorie intake 32.3 plus or minus 6.4 cal/kg. Two thirds (0.65 plus or minus 0.15 g/kg) of the protein consisted of high biological value protein. Despite the fact that according to current recommendations the protein intake should have been adequate, signs of protein malnutrition were found. The mean serum concentrations of total protein, transferrin and valine and the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (EAA/NEAA) were significantly lower than in normal subjects and the glycine level was elevated. Histidine levels were normal indicating that the histidine intake measured at 1.75 plus or minus 0.47 g/day appeared adequate under these conditions. Phenylalanine levels were elevated indicating a blocking of 4-hydroxylase leading to low tyrosine levels. A possible reason for these findings may be that the protein requirements of the RDT patient over a long period of time are higher than those found experimentally in short term studies. An inadequate calorie intake could not be excluded. Additionally a dialysis dependent pathologic variation of the daily intake of nutrients may be responsible for the disturbed nutritional status. In connection with this, three distinct types of intake variation can be described: A stable type in which the variation in the daily protein and calorie intake does not differ by more than 20% from a daily mean value, an unstable type I with significantly lower intake on the day of dialysis and an unstable type II with a significantly higher intake on the day of dialysis. Signs of protein malnutrition occurred significantly more frequently in the unstable groups. PMID- 806409 TI - The influence of homogeneous cold agglutinins on polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 806411 TI - Long-term effects of essential amino acids supplementation in patients on regular dialysis treatment. AB - 18 patients on RDT receiving a high caloric diet with daily protein intake of 1 g/kg body wt demonstrated a decreased serum concentration of total protein, albumin, transferrin and several components of the complement system (except C4). Long-term administration (60 weeks) of essential amino acids (EAA) and histidine at the end of each hemodialysis improved the serum concentrations of the investigated proteins, whereas the serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus decreased slightly. Interruption of the EAA therapy for 16 weeks in the 13 patients studied resulted in a decrease of transferrin and various factors of the complement system. PMID- 806412 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid and serum protein analysis in multiple sclerosis by electroimmunoassay and single radial immunodiffusion method]. PMID- 806413 TI - Comparative immunology of vertebrate urate oxidase. PMID- 806415 TI - An immunologically distinct milk protein in mouse whey. PMID- 806414 TI - Development of monospecific antibodies to rat hemopexin and albumin: evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with mouse proteins. PMID- 806416 TI - Role of the podiatrist in the management of diabetic foot problems. PMID- 806417 TI - Endemic Cretinism. PMID- 806419 TI - Microbial development of drug resistance: mechanisms and clinical significance. AB - Bacteria have demonstrated a disconcerting ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents nearly as quickly as new compounds become available. During the past two decades the molecular bases of several types of resistance have been elucidated. Mechanisms of resistance include the transference of genetic material either through conjugation (involving direct contact between microorganisms), or indirectly through transduction (involving bacteriophages). In addition to this "infectious" drug resistance, genetic mutations which permit the utilization of new metabolic pathways, and the production of enzymes which can inactivate the antimicrobic have been described. One particularly complex problem has been the ability of many Enterobacteriaceae to develop resistance to multiple antimicrobials simultaneously. The possible effect of such an occurrence is illustrated by the recent epidemic of multiply resistant Salmonella typhi in Mexico. Because the typhoid bacilli shared an identical resistance pattern to an epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type 1 the in vivo interspecies transmission of resistance has been postulated. Understanding the various mechanisms of resistance development should allow more rational use of antimicrobial agents. PMID- 806418 TI - Teat apex coliform populations and coliform mastitis--a herd study. AB - A dairy herd having a high incidence of coliform mastitis was observed by means of pre- and post-milking samples and teat apex culture. Infected quarters were the major source of teat apex contamination with coliform bacteria and therefore constituted a risk to unifected quarters and to other cows. Coliform populations on the apex from environmental sources appeared to be transitory. PMID- 806420 TI - Characteristics of African blood. AB - Genetic markers in people of African ancestry and tables comparing Africans and Europeans are compiled to illustrate the blood differences. The existence of the African genetic characters, R0 (cDe), D-u and Ee (e-s, ce-s) in an Rh-Hr system are discussed. The high incidence of R0 (81.9%) in Africans is evident. Studies of ABO and the sickle cell trait in East Africa reveal the African tribes responsible for the original populating of Africa. The pygmoids of Uganda and Zaire, the Nilotes of West Nile, and the Bantu of Uganda are possibly responsible. Subgroups of A antigen in Africans and Europeans are compared, and their differences are outlined. These antigens appear to be different in the two races, and a reliable method for grouping A1 and A2 in Africans is described. For convenience, A2, Aint., Abantu, and other subgroups of A in Africans are renamed "non-A1." Attention to these subgroups on African paternity studies is emphasized. African problems in MNSs, Duffy, P, Lewis, and Sutter are presented. Immunoglobulines, Rh(D) immunization, enzyme autoantibodies, and a technique to detect them are discussed and described in detail. Studies on tropical splenomegaly syndrome show that it is an immune complex disease. Fluctuation titers of ABO iso-antibodies are observed to vary more strikingly in Africans than in Europeans. This is offered as a possible explanation of the high incidence of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn in Africans. PMID- 806421 TI - Microbial halogenation. PMID- 806422 TI - Effectiveness of loxapine succinate in acute schizophrenia: a comparative study with thiothixene. PMID- 806423 TI - The use of clomipramine in phobic patients. Preliminary research report. PMID- 806424 TI - The action of chlorimipramine in obsessive-compulsive neurosis: a pilot study. PMID- 806425 TI - Kefzol (cefazolin sodium, Lilly). PMID- 806426 TI - Parafon Forte tablets: a review of the literature. PMID- 806427 TI - Phenaglycodol in anxiety: a controlled study. PMID- 806428 TI - Clonidine and chlorthalidone (combipres) in hypertension. PMID- 806429 TI - Minoxidil treatment of severe hypertension. PMID- 806430 TI - Warfarin interactions with chloral hydrate and glutethimide. PMID- 806431 TI - Controlled evaluation of bendroflumethiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 806432 TI - Effects of a single massive intravenous dose of hydrocortisone in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 806434 TI - Sodium nitroprusside in hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 806433 TI - A comparative study of the treatment of presumed pneumococcal pneumonia: parenteral penicillin and clindamycin with continuation on oral therapy. PMID- 806435 TI - Perceived similarity versus contrast between kibbutz parents and their preadolescent children's adjustment. AB - Parents' characteristics and the behavioral manifestations of 100 two-parented, 10- to 13-year-old kibbutz children were analyzed in a 2 x 2 fractiorial design (boys versus girls x girls x parents similar versus different) to assess the effect to parental degree of socially perceived similarity on their children's adjustment. It is found that children of similar parents had more positive interpersonal relationships but more fears, especially the boys, while children of contrasting parents had more negative interpersonal relationships, with the boys exhibiting fewer fears. It seems that a unified family structure reinforces a normative social behavior, but it fosters dependency and restricts breadth of preception and possibilities for exercising diversity in behavior. It leaves boys, even within the kibbutz egalitarian educaiton, less confident in acting independently. PMID- 806436 TI - [Case of arterial hypertension in the couse of neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 806437 TI - [Present-day views on reimplantation]. PMID- 806438 TI - The location of the nucleolus organizer regions in Drosophila hydei. AB - The positions of the nucleolus organizer regions in metaphase chromosomes of Drosophila hydei were detected by in situ hybridization experiments. In agreement with earlier conclusions the nucleolus of the X chromosome was found to originate in a terminal region of the heterochromatic arm. The Y chromosome contains two nucleolus organizers, one in a terminal postion of the long arm, and the other in the short arm. The implications with respect to the evolution of the Y chromosome are discussed. PMID- 806439 TI - Electron microscopy of meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster females. I. Structure, arrangement, and temporal change of the synaptonemal complex in wild-type. AB - Complete reconstruction of the synaptonemal complex in 12 pachytene (defined here as that stage in which the synaptonemal complex is continuous throughout the bivalents) nuclei from one wild-type germarium has permitted the following observations. 1) Drosophila melanogaster bivalents at pachytene exhibit a chromocentral arrangement; the pericentric heterochromatin of all bivalents lies in one region of the nucleus, the chromocenter. Telomeric ends do not appear to abutt the nuclear envelope. 2) Synaptonemal complex is present in the pericentric heterochromatin; however, it is morphologically distinct from that present in the euchromatic portion of thesynaptonemal complex of the bivalent arms is greatest at early pachytene; the synaptonemal complex then becomes progressively shorter. Minimum length is approximately one-half of the maximum. 4) Decrease in length of synaptonemal complex is accompanied by an increase in thickness. Reconstruction of 20 pachytene nuclei from an additional 8 germaria suggests that these observations are typical. Correlations between these cytological observations and genetic observations (e.g., patterns of crossing-over) are discussed. PMID- 806440 TI - [Effect of ecdysterone on an established line of Drosophila melanogaster cells: stimulation of high-molecular polypeptide synthesis and change in cell surface properties]. PMID- 806442 TI - [Nursing management of patients with vascular diseases of the central nervous system]. PMID- 806441 TI - [Hormonal control of lysis of Drosophila melanogaster larval salivary glands]. PMID- 806443 TI - [Cluster headache]. PMID- 806444 TI - [Human hygiene aspects of "monkey parks"]. PMID- 806445 TI - [Anterior pituitary function tests:thyrotropin and gonadotropinds]. PMID- 806446 TI - [Changes in the liver under the effect of intravenous transfusions of fatty emulsions]. PMID- 806447 TI - Inhibition of pentobarbital-induced release of growth hormone by thyrotropin releasing hormone. AB - TRH antagonized the GH releasing effect of pentobarbital anesthesia as well in normal as in thyroidectomized rats, and significantly increased plasma B levels in normal animals. This effect was also observed when TRH was administered into a lateral ventricle of the brain in ug amounts, and was suppressed by the beta adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol. T3 also antagonized the pentobarbital induced release of GH; however, plasma B levels were not modified, and the effect on plasma GH levels was not suppressed by propranolol. PMID- 806448 TI - Distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat brain as observed with immunocytochemistry. AB - The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied in the brain of adult female rats with three immunocytochemical techniques using antisera to unconjugated synthetic GnRH and to GnRH conjugated with limpet hemocyanin. GnRH was found in nervous tissue surrounding blood vessels of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. In the median eminence it occurred in nervous tissue associated primarily with the tuberoinfundibular sulci throughout their extent. Cephalic to the pars tuberalis GnRH often spread across the median eminence from sulcus to sulcus. Caudally, with widening of the median eminence, GnRH occurred dorsal to the tuberoinfundibular sulci, and especially in the external lamina medial to the sulci. A broad median zone of the median eminence was rather free of GnRH. GnRH was most concentrated in the region of continuity between the dorsolateral walls of the infundibulum and floor of the third ventricle where the tuberoinfundibular sulci are deep. Caudal to the infundibulum GnRH was disposed in a flat zone through the cephalic portion of the floor of the mammillary recess. In the median eminence GnRH appeared to be located in axons that terminated there. The amount of demonstrable GnRH varied significantly from rat to rat. The distributions of GnRH as revealed by use of antisera to unconjugated and conjugated GnRH were essentially the same. The apparent order of sensitivity of the immunocytochemical methods was: the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) (Sternberger et al.) procedure greater than the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge (Mason et al.) procedure smaller than the conjugated antibody (Nakane and Pierce) procedure. PMID- 806449 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption in x-irradiated rats. AB - The effect of whole-body exposure of rats to a sub-lethal dose (400 rad) of x rays on the absorptive capacity of intestinal mucosal cells for vitamin B12 has been studied. The rate of absorption of vitamin B12 from the intestinal loops is decreased in x-irradiated rat. Inclusion of gastric juice from normal rat does not improve the rate. A severe interference in the absorption and retention of orally fed (57-Co)-B12, as evidenced by low serum levels, decreased organ uptake and increased excretion, is observed. However, when the vitamin is administered intraperitoneally, its uptake by organs is not affected in the irradiated animal. This suggests that the observed morphological degeneration of mucosal cells in x irradiated rats is the main reason for the malabsorption of vitamin B12. Atrophy of intestinal cells in the protein-fasted rat accentuates the adverse effects of radiation. A sharp drop in viable intestinal flora is observed within 24 h post irradiation, but there is an increase after 3 days. PMID- 806450 TI - Sexual functions of mice neonatally exposed to DDT or pcb. AB - Since DDT and PCB occur in milk, young animals may ingest these substances during the critical period of neonatal life; For this reason lactating mice were given injections of DDT or PCB, 50 mg/kg body weight, once a week for four weeks, the first injection being administered on the day of delivery. The reproductive capacity of their young was studied by measuring the frequency of implanted ova. When both the male and the female of a mating pair had been nursed by DDT- or PCB treated mothers this frequency decreased from 94% in the controls to 79 and 75% respectively. No significant decrease were found when only one of the mated animals in the pair had been nursed by a treated mother. PMID- 806451 TI - Studies on the metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL VII. Influence of metabolites on gamma-irradiation. AB - T. pyriformis, strain GL, is protected against gamma-irradiation by compounds increasing the oxygen consumption. Sodium nitrite added to ciliated before irradiation affords protection while, on the other hand, experiments with oxygen pressure reduction during irradiation did not give positive results. This failure of protection is due to the loss of oxygen debt repayment. Fluoroacetate is too toxic to reduce irradiation damage by DNase inhibition. The presence of methylene blue during irradiation results in a radiosensitizing effect. PMID- 806452 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the erythrocyte and leucocyte enzyme activities in man. AB - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on a group of 12 normal euthyroid subjects (8 males, 4 females) were analyzed through the metabolic response of oxidoreduction chains of red cells and leucocytes of venous blood. During the reaction of the pituitary-thyroid glandular system (increase of circulating TSH and T-3) to hypothalamic stimulation, the authors have demonstrated: (1) a significant reduction in erythrocytic GSH rate with no anomaly of in vitro stability; (2) an obvious stimulation of the two dehydrogenases of the leucocyte pentose shunt: G6PD and 6PGD. Regarding red cells, the same enzymes do not undergo any quantitative modification, and no behavioral difference of acid phosphatase is observed. The authors also refer to the biochemical mechanism which is involved for regulation of the oxidoreductive metabolism in the molecular response to hormonal or hrehormonal solicitations. PMID- 806454 TI - Replicating mitochondrial DNA from human, monkey and mouse cells. The superhelix density of the closed-circular parental strands. AB - Pulse-labeled replicating mitochondrial DNA molecules of three different cell lines, mouse NCTC 929 (ATCC;CCL 1), monkey Vero (ATCC;CCL 81) and human WISH (ATCC;CCL 25) were classified according to their sedimentation velocity in neutral sucrose gradients. Replicating molecules were isolated and and the newly synthesized strands were dissociated from the parental DNA strands. This procedure yielded parental closed circular duplex DNA with a higher sedimentation velocity in neutral sucrose gradients and higher absolute values of superhelix density in comparison with values for mature unreplicating supercoiled mitochondrial DNA. Replicating molecules with these properties, i.e. higher absolute superhelix densities of the parental strands, comprise 2--4% of the total mass of the mitochondrial DNA in all three cell lines. In addition, mouse cells contain a large proportion of D-loop mitochondrial DNA molecules (28 S). Upon dissociation of the 8-S single-stranded initiation sequence from the parental strands, these molecules yielded parental supercoiled duplex DNA with a superhelix density similar to that of mature supercoiled mitochondrial DNA. D loop mitochondrial DNA represents about 30% of the total mass of the mitochondrial DNA in mouse cells. Therefore, two populations of replicating mitochondrial DNA can be distinguished in mouse cells. One of these accumulates as D-loop mitochondrial DNA with constant topological winding, while the other replicates in a manner similar to that of Vero and Wish cells under progressively decreasing topological winding of the parental strands. PMID- 806453 TI - The I antigen of human red cell membrane. AB - A high-active I antigen was isolated from human red cells after papainization. Investigations on its chemical composition and its serological properties are reported. 1. The I antigen activity was clearly demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition studies and by the immuno-double-diffusion with all available anti-I sera. 2. The I antigen did not react with other antibodies directed against red cell antigens thus proving its specificity. Any relationships to antigen activities within the Pr-1/Pr-2, MN, and ABO systems could be excluded. 3. The substance was shown to be a glycoprotein and not a glycolipid. This was confirmed by different delipidation procedures promoting always an increase of I activity. The delipidized material contained only traces of fatty acids, and did not move on thin-layer chromatography in solvent systems normally used for glycolipid development. 4. The I determinant resides on alkali-stable oligosaccharide chains. The main sugars are galactose and N-acetylglucosamine which might be involved in the immunodeterminants. PMID- 806455 TI - Ultraviolet light irradiation as initiating agent in skin tumor formation by the two-stage method. PMID- 806456 TI - Changes in the nuclear acidic proteins and chromatin structure in starved and refed tetrahymena. PMID- 806457 TI - The stress-strain behavior of the corneoscleral envelope of the eye. I. Development of a system for making in vivo measurements using optical interferometry. PMID- 806458 TI - Do raphe nuclei of the reticular formation have a neurosecretory or vascular sensor function? PMID- 806460 TI - Adaptedness of the carriers of normal and subvital second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 806459 TI - [Inhibition of bacterial neuraminidases by different anions (author's transl)]. AB - It was shown that neuraminidase of Vibrio comma is inactivated by Ca..-binding anions like citrate, EDTA, oxalate, phosphate or tartrate. There is, however, no inhibition of the newly described enzymes of Erysipelothrix insidiosa and Streptococcus viridans. Pyruvate and, to a lesser extent, also citrate inactivate all the neuraminidases investigated independently of their activation by Ca..ions. PMID- 806461 TI - The effect of dietary vitamin E on glutathione-induced liver mitochondrial swelling from mice treated with 3'-4-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. PMID- 806462 TI - Increase in food consumption and growth after treatment with aminoguanidine. PMID- 806464 TI - The effect of object distance on pattern preferences in the walking fly, Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 806463 TI - Macrophage activation in mice lacking thymus-derived (T) cells. PMID- 806465 TI - Sumbionts in the female tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. AB - A rickettsia-like symbiont, located in the ovaries of G. m. morsitans is maternally transmitted to the offspring via the egg. It is suggested that they may be essential for normal ovarian development. PMID- 806466 TI - Increased responsiveness of the thyroid to thyrotropin by pretreatment with thyroid hormones in intact mice. PMID- 806467 TI - [IR and UV spectra of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and 5-NOQ]. PMID- 806468 TI - The existence of scintillons in dinoflagellates: an in vitro simulation of the in vivo flashes. PMID- 806470 TI - Aspartate caramoyltransferase from wild type and rudimentary Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 806469 TI - Composition of blepharmone, a conjugation-inducing glycoprotein of the ciliate Blepharisma. PMID- 806471 TI - Immunological relationship between three intestinal peptide hydrolases and similar enzymes in various tissues of the guinea-pig and of other animals. PMID- 806472 TI - Inhibition of the tetrahydrofolate-dependent biosynthesis of ribothymidine in tRNAs of B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus by trimethoprim. PMID- 806473 TI - Amino acid sequence of Spirulina platensis ferredoxin: a far divergency of blue green algal ferredoxins. PMID- 806475 TI - A gross structure of an activated form of a subunit of the first component of human complement. Clr. PMID- 806474 TI - The isolation of the folate binding protein from commercially purified bovine beta lactoglobulin. PMID- 806476 TI - Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 lacking all 'major' proteins of the outer cell envelope membrane. PMID- 806477 TI - The influence of calcium on the spectral properties of the nitrotyrosyl chromophore in troponin C. PMID- 806478 TI - Purification of tridacnin, a novel anti-beta-(1-6)-digalactobiose precipitin from the haemolymph of Tridacna maxima (Roding). PMID- 806479 TI - The effect of dihydroergotoxin, phentolamine and pindolol on catecholamine stimulated adenylcyclase in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 806481 TI - Tetrahydrofolate-dependent 5-methyluracil-tRNA transferase activity in B. subtilis. PMID- 806480 TI - Susceptibility of non-thymine containing DNA to four bacterial restriction endonucleases. PMID- 806482 TI - Migration of the C-25 hydrogen of clionasterol to the C-24 position during dealkylation by the protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 806483 TI - [Functional significance of the accessory optic system in the development of the "wakefulness-sleep" cycle]. AB - The new data on the role of accessory optic system in producing of some behavioral forms are presented. It was obtained in hens with bilateral destruction of nucleus ectomammilaris that the duration of active awake stage is considerably decreased, the passive defence reaction and the alert reaction are much weaker. The sleep stage is much longer and the percent of paradoxal sleeping accompanied with active eyes movements is increased. In the hens operated 5,2 percent from 6 percent of paradoxal sleep stage is accompanied with the active eyes movements, but in the intact animals it is only 0,5 percent from 5 percent. It has been shown experimentally that the accessory optic system influenced the flexor mussle tonus. PMID- 806485 TI - Involvement of the stomach with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 806484 TI - Behaviour of the Talapoin monkey (Miopithecus talapoin) studied in groups, in the laboratory. PMID- 806486 TI - A brief argument in opposition to the Orgel hypothesis. AB - The Orgel hypothesis receives considerable attention as a possible explanation for the phenomenon of senescence. Experimental observations which argue in favor of the Orgel hypothesis are discussed, and critized in part. This is followed by a presentation of experimental data which argue in opposition to the notion. On the basis of the considerable body of data which argue in opposition to the Orgel theory, a call for reappraisal of the applicability of this theory to the phenomenon of senescence is suggested. PMID- 806487 TI - National organization seeks to mend the frayed image of the elderly. PMID- 806488 TI - [Significance of homogenizing factors and of media in the isolation od INH resistant tubercle bacilli]. PMID- 806489 TI - [Detection of tubercle bacilli in diagnostic samples from tuberculous patients as a function of the method of homogenization and the type of medium]. PMID- 806490 TI - [Serum level of alpha-1 antitrypsin in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 806493 TI - When to treat. PMID- 806494 TI - Flaviano Magrassi, 1908-1974. PMID- 806491 TI - Biliary lipid output during three meals and an overnight fast. I. Relationship to bile acid pool size and cholesterol saturation of bile in gallstone and control subjects. AB - Using a duodenal perfusion technique, the biliary output of bile acids, phospholipid, and cholesterol was measured hourly during three meals and an overnight fast in seven Caucasians with radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder, and in seven health controls without gallstones, closely matched for age, sex, and weight. Before the perfusion, bile acid kinetics were defined by an isotope dilution procedure, and the biliary lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile was determined. Total daily biliary lipid output was similar in gallstone and control subjects, and was unrelated to cholesterol saturation of fasting gallbladder bile and to bile acid pool size. There was an inverse relationship between the size and recycling frequency of the bile acid pool, so that secretion rate and hepatic return of bile acids remained constant, despite a wide range of pool sizes. The finding of a normal bile acid synthesis rate in subjects with a small pool size therefore indicated normal feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis. Hourly measurements of biliary lipid output showed a linear relationship between bile acid and cholesterol output, with a similar regression line for gallstone and control subjects, but a non-linear relationship between bile acid and phospholipid output. Consequently, samples from all subjects were consistently supersaturated with cholesterol at low bile acid outputs, especially during overnight fasting, but not at high bile acid outputs. These findings indicate that hepatic secretion of bile supersaturated with cholesterol is physiological in man at low bile acid outputs, that bile acid pool size is probably determined in part by its recycling frequency, and that cholesterol cholelithiasis in some Caucasians may be due to an underlying extrahepatic abnormality. PMID- 806492 TI - Elemental diets. PMID- 806495 TI - Factor VIII inhibitors: a new therapeutical approach. PMID- 806496 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: effect of repeated and prolonged stimulation with PHA and PWM. PMID- 806498 TI - Polymorphism of haemorrhagic disorders in acute leukaemia. PMID- 806497 TI - [The aminoacid map from the abnormal peptide in the identification of Hb J Oxford (author's transl)]. PMID- 806499 TI - Therapeutic management and the effect of splenectomy in patients with haemolytic anaemia due to intracardiac valvular prosthesis and associated haemoglobinopathy. PMID- 806500 TI - [Combination chemotherapy (MOPP) in 60 patients with Hodgkin's disease (five years results) (author's transl)]. PMID- 806501 TI - Malignant lymphoma presenting as unilateral exophtalmos and thyroid nodule (author's transl) PMID- 806502 TI - [Unusual cytological and serological aspects in a case of light chains disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 806503 TI - [Congenital and acquired dysfibrinogenemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 806505 TI - Phyllosphere microflora of some Egyptian plants. AB - The fungal and bacterial flora of the leaf surfaces of five plants growing in Egypt were studied. The fungal flora showed seasonal fluctuations with at least one peak. Twenty three genera with fifty three species were found, Aspergillus and Penicillium being most common. Other fungi showed variable percentages of the total count. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were not isolated from the phyllosphere of the five plant species. Micrococci were most predominant among the epiphytic bacteria. Spore-forming bacteria and actinomycetes were less frequent on the leaf surfaces of the associalte plants. PMID- 806504 TI - Spores of microorganisms. XXVI. Synthetic activities of germinating spores of Bacillus cereus prevented from outgrowth. AB - Spores of Bacillus cereus were germinated in a germination limited medium (GL medium) which facilitates only germination but not the postgerminative development of spores. Under these conditions a limited protein synthesis occurs. However, this protein synthesis is stopped after a short time interval. The rate of synthesis of new proteins, as well as their total amount, is influenced by the length of the activation heat shock. Synthesis of the wall material continues for several hours and thick-walled cells with a changed ultrastructure are formed. Synthesis of the diaminopimelic acid (dap) containing material of the cell wall is sensitive to actinomycin D and relatively resistant to chloramphenicol. Similarly, protein synthesis is relatively chlorapmhenicol-resistant but is fully inhibited by azauracil or spiramycin. Whereas RNA formed in the control culture is partially decomposed after 30 min of incubation, chloramphenicol accelerates its synthesis and prevents its decay. Exudate components apparently stimulate synthesis of ribonucleic acid, proteins and the wall material. The 14-C-dap containing material released by prelabelled spores in the form of the exudate during the germination is not re-utilized by the spores germinated in the GL medium. The results are discussed with respect to the atypical primary synthetic activities of spores under conditions when the postgerminative development is prevented and from the point of view of participation of the germination exudate during these syntheses. PMID- 806507 TI - Comparative studies of social behavior in Callicebus and Saimiri: strength and specificity of attraction between male-female cagemates. AB - The strength and specificity of attraction between male and female cagemates was compared in Saimiri and Callicebus, using paired-comparison and single-stimulus methods of testing. Results from both methods showed that the attraction to the cagemate was stronger and more specific in Callicebus than in Saimiri. Sex differences were more pronounced in Saimiri than in Callicebus. Squirrel monkey females were more strongly attracted to strangers than were males and they clearly preferred female strangers over male strangers or their male cagemates. PMID- 806506 TI - Urine-rubbing behavior in the mantled howler monkey Alouatta palliata. AB - Mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) of both sexes and all age classes were observed rubbing urine on the soles of the feet and/or palms of the hands as well as the ventral surface of the tail and, occasionally, the throat. Instances of urine-rubbing were often associated with periods of troop movement or times of social stress. Intra-troop cohesion may be the primary function of such behavior. Other possible function of urine-rubbing are discussed. PMID- 806508 TI - Chorionic gonadotropin in the placenta of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). AB - Chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) concentration in the 'near term' chimpanzee placenta was similar to that of human term placentae and significantly (p smaller than 0.05) higher than that found in term placentae of marmosets and rhesus monekys. A significant linear relationship, correlation coefficient r equals +0.999, was found between log mean placental weight and log mean CG concentration in placentae from marmosets, rhesus monekys and the chimpanzee. PMID- 806509 TI - The somatic chromosome complement and the idiogram of Pithecia pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766). AB - A detailed description is given of the somatic chromosomes of two specimens of Pithecia pithecia pithecia. An indiogram, constructed on the basis of metrical chromosome data, is presented and compared with those of two other members of the Pitheciinae. The possible karyological relationship with the Pitheciinae, and the cytotaxonomic position of this group within the Platyrrhini are briefly discussed. PMID- 806510 TI - Activity patterns in a gelada monkey group. AB - Diurnal, temperature and weather influence on the activity profiles of a gelada monkey group were compared to similar data previously reported for pigtail monkeys. Each of these variables influenced gelada behavior and many effects similar to those reported for pigtails were noted. Females were once again more active in agonistic, sexual and grooming patterns. The one male units of gelada groups influenced many activity patterns, and the special role of bachelor males as a focus for immature animal activities was demonstrated. Although 'aunt' behavior was present, it was superceded by patterns of 'paternal' care. PMID- 806511 TI - Long-term care: From custodial to rehabilitation facility. PMID- 806513 TI - Isolation of pure normal IgG 1 from mouse serum. PMID- 806512 TI - Elliptocytosis: linkage study in a family. PMID- 806514 TI - Studies on the cryoprecipitation of a human IGG3 cryoglobulin: the effects of temperature-induced comformational changes on the primary interaction. PMID- 806515 TI - The adjuvant activity of a non-toxic, water-soluble glycopeptide present in large quantities in the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain DT. AB - A water-soluble mycobacterial glycopeptide was obtained in large quantities from the culture supernatant fluid of M. tuberculosis strain DT. This glycopeptide was strongly adjuvant-active when injected, in a water-in-oil emulsion contianing ovalbumin, into guinea-pigs. In addition, it was devoid of cord factor toxicity in mice, polyarthritogenic activity in rats and cavity stimulating activity in rabbit lungs. PMID- 806516 TI - Mouse and rat IgE Cross-sensitization of mast cells and antigenic relationships. AB - Mouse and rat IgE fix firmly to the peritoneal mast cells from the other species, sensitizing them for anaphylactic reaction. Sensitization with IgE can be demonstrated by inducing degranulation either with specific antigens or with corresponding anti-IgE. Sensitization of rat mast cells by mouse IgE antibodies is more easily obtained than that of mouse mast cells by rat IgE antibodies. In this case, anti-IgE-induced degranulation is higher than antigen-induced degranulation. Heterologous sensitization by IgE is time requiring and temperature-dependent. Its kinetics depend upon IgE concentration. Cross reactions between IgE from one species and anti-IgE from another species have been observed: anti-IgE for one species is able to neutralize PCA reaginic activity of sera from the other species; anti-rat IgE induces degranulation of mouse actively sensitized mast cells. The results suggest strongly that there exists a structural and functional similarity between the IgE molecules from the two species. PMID- 806518 TI - The quantitative evaluation of the use of oral proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of sprained ankles. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out on 50 patients with soft-tissue ankle injuries. The treated group was given proteolytic enzymes (Chymoral) by mouth while the untreated group was given enteric-coated lactose tablets. Both groups received identical supportive therapy for their injuries. No statistically significant difference in swelling, bruising and function between the 2 groups in the measurements of volume and allied parameters was found. No side effects were noted. The results suggest that the use of Chymoral in this type of injury is not indicated. PMID- 806517 TI - Dog immunoglobulins. I. immunochemical characterization of dog serum, parotid saliva, colostrum, milk and small bowel fluid. AB - The levels of immunoglobulins A, M and G were measured in dog serum, colostrum, milk, parotid saliva and small bowel fluid using the single radial immunodiffusion method. All the external secretions except early colostrum, by contrast with serum, were found to be rich in IgA with small quantities of IgM and IgG. Exocrine immunoglobulins were partially characterized by gel filtration. PMID- 806519 TI - Effect of cell dose and dose of infectious agent on expression of protection against Listeria monocytogenes and Ectromelia virus in cell transfer models. AB - Two parameters (immune cell dose and dose of infectious agent) influencing the expression of protection by transferred immune spleen cells in Listeria monocytogenes and ectromelia virus infection in mice were investigated. First, when recipient mice were infected with a constant dose of ectromelia virus, a linear relationship between log(10) cells transferred and the protection obtained expressed as log(10) decrease in virus plaque-forming units per spleen was obtained, as has been described previously for the Listeria system. Second, the detectable protection was greatly affected by the number of viable bacteria or virus plaque-forming units relative to the number of transferred cells. An otherwise very effective number of transferred immune cells became ineffective when too great a dose of infection was used. Mouse strain differences could also have influenced the results. The impact of these and other parameters on the experimental outcome and its interpretation are discussed. PMID- 806520 TI - Transfer of adoptive immunity to tuberculosis in mice. AB - A system is described for studying adoptive immunity to tuberculosis in syngeneic mice. Donor mice were immunized with 10(4) BCG intravenously, and lymphoid cells were harvested 28 days later. Adoptive immunity was measured in recipient mice in terms of the inhibition of growth of BCG in the liver and spleen following intravenous injection. Adoptive immunity was expressed optimally when recipients were sublethally irradiated (500 R), challenged with 10(4) to 10(5) viable organisms, and given sensitized lymphoid cells intravenously. Adoptive immunity was not manifest until 14 days after challenge and was effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as well as BCG. Immunity could be conferred by spleen, lymph node, peritoneal exudate, and resident peritoneal (washout) cells. The lymphoid cells conferring immunity were shown to be thymus-dependent lymphocytes by virtue of their nonadherence to glass wool and sensitivity to anti theta serum plus complement. The sensitized cells were relatively susceptible to both in vitro and in vivo X-irradiation. PMID- 806521 TI - Immunogenicity of ribosomal vaccines isolated from group A, type 14 Streptococcus pyogenes. AB - A ribosomal preparation isolated from group A, type 14 Streptococcus pyogenes protected mice against a challenge of 1,000 mean lethal doses. Optimal immunization consisted of subcutaneous administration of 326 mug of protein with Freund incomplete adjuvant. Animals immunized with higher or lower antigen concentrations showed decreased survival. Freund incomplete adjuvant was necessary to insure optimum immunization. Immunochemical studies showed no M protein or C carbohydrate present in the ribosomal preparation. Mice optimally immunized with the type 14 ribosomal preparation were protected against heterologous challenge with M types 2, 5, 8, and 12. Protein-free ribonucleic acid extracts isolated from the type 14 ribosomal preparation did not protect mice against homologous challenge. But ribonucleic acid-free protein extracts showed 100% protection in mice after homologous challenge. PMID- 806522 TI - Immunological properties of Rickettsia rickettsii purified by zonal centrifugation. AB - The properties of Rickettsia rickettsii purified from infected chicken yolk sacs or mouse L cell cultures by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a zonal rotor were examined in various ways. Rickettsiae derived from both L cells and yolk sacs had similar compositions: about 12% nitrogen, 1.5% phosphorus, 5% carbohydrate, and 30% fatty acids. On a dry-weight basis, purified rickettsiae were at least 2,000 times as effective as a commercial spotted fever vaccine in protecting guinea pigs against infection with spotted fever rickettsiae and mice against death from toxin of R. rickettsii. Gradient-purified rickettsiae (0.6 mug) induced a serological response in guinea pigs of the same magnitude as that stimulated by 1,600 mug of the commercial vaccine. Gradient-purified rickettsiae had little group reactivity in complement fixation tests but became anti complementary upon storage. Microagglutination and hemagglutination tests with the purified antigen gave promise of usefulness in diagnosis of spotted fever. These results suggest that zonal centrifugation may be a valuable procedure for the preparation of R. rickettsii vaccine and diagnostic reagent. PMID- 806523 TI - Function of the classical and alternate pathways of human complement in serum treated with ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and MgCl2-ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid. AB - An immunochemical and functional analysis of the classical and alternate complement pathways in human serum was performed in the presence of 10 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and MgCl(2)-EGTA (MgEGTA), chelating agents which have been recently utilized as a means of distinguishing between these two complement pathways. Total hemolytic activity, integrity of the C1 complex, hemolytic activity of C2, conversion of factor B (C3 proactivator), and complement-dependent bactericidal activity were studied. The effect of these chelators on activation of complement pathways by Escherichia coli, by sensitized erythrocytes as a prototype of activators of the classical pathway, and by zymosan as a prototype of alternate (properdin) pathway activators was studied. Human serum containing 10 mM EGTA, which provides almost no ionized calcium and considerably less ionized magnesium than unchelated serum, allowed consumption of complement via the alternate (properdin) pathway, but blocked the classical pathway as judged by disintegration of the C1 complex and lack of utilization of C2. However, activity of the alternate complement pathway in EGTA serum, as judged by conversion of factor B and bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria, was distinctly suboptimal. Addition of magnesium ion in a concentration equimolar to EGTA (MgEGTA serum), while still providing conditions in which the C1 complex dissociated, significantly enhanced alternate complement pathway mediated bactericidal activity. However, in MgEGTA serum considerable fluid-phase activation of the alternate pathway, as indicated by decrease in 50% hemolytic complement (CH(5 0)) titers and conversion of factor B to its active form in the absence of any activating challenge, was observed. Moreover, some fluid-phase consumption of C2 was observed in MgEGTA serum, even though, as mentioned, the C1 complex was shown to be dissociated under these conditions. MgEGTA-related activation of C2 and of the alternate (properdin) pathway of complement was significantly enhanced by the presence of zymosan and E. coli. These results indicate that use of the chelating agents EGTA and MgEGTA to differentiate between classical and alternate pathway activation of human complement is more complex than has hitherto been suggested. In EGTA serum, spontaneous activation of either pathway does not occur but bactericidal activity, as a measure of biologic function of complement, is suboptimal. In MgEGTA serum, bactericidal activity is fully expressed, but there is considerable instability, in terms of fluid-phase activation, in Mg(2+)-dependent components of both pathways. Thus, caution is indicated in the use and interpretation of the effects of these chelating agents on biologic functions mediated by either pathway of human complement. PMID- 806524 TI - Adsorption of typhus rickettsiae to ghosts of sheep erythrocytes. AB - Rickettsia prowazeki will adsorb to ghosts derived from sheep erythrocytes by hypotonic lysis. Adsorption to ghosts, as to intact erythrocytes, is dependent on the metabolism of the rickettsiae. KCN and 0 C inhibit adsorption. Fluoride, while inhibiting hemolysis, has no effect on adsorption to ghosts or intact erythrocytes. The adsorption of rickettsiae to ghosts does not lead to lysis, in that fluorescent albumin can be retained by the ghost after adsorption. Both inside-out and right-side-out vesicles formed from the ghost are equally capable of adsorption, indicating that the receptor is stable during the process of vesiculation and is not localized to one aspect of the cell membrane. Adsorption to ghosts is slower and displays less affinity than to the intact erythrocyte. The ghost system will be useful in characterizing the membrane receptor for rickettsia and in establishing assays for adsorption to other cells. PMID- 806525 TI - Characterization of a non-type-specific antigen(s) associated with group A streptococcal type 12 M protein. AB - The sharing of one and possibly two or more non-type-specific antigens by most strains of groups A, C, and G streptococci is described. With the exception of a single strain of Proteus mirabilis, this antigen(s) was not found among strains of groups B and D streptococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. The non-type-specific antigen(s) could not be separated from M protein by fractionation with various saturations of ammonium sulfate or by column chromatography with calcium hydroxylapatite even though the latter method allowed the recovery of a fraction of M protein which was free of the cross-reactive antigen(s). The resistance of this non-type specific antigen(s) to hot acid extraction and its sensitivity to treatment with trypsin differentiate it from the T and R antigens of group A streptococci, both of which are trypsin resistant. Co-precipitation of both type-and non-type specific antigens occurred with type-specific antiserum and suggested that the type- and non-type-specific antigens represent either different, covalently bonded antigenic determinants on the same protein or different proteins noncovalently linked together. PMID- 806527 TI - Studies on Gonococcus infection. X. Pili and leukocyte association factor as mediators of interactions between gonococci and eukaryotic cells in vitro. AB - Two independent gonococcal surface components, pili and leukocyte association factor, appear to mediate in vitro interactions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with tissue culture cells and human peripheral blood leukocytes, respectively. PMID- 806526 TI - Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin-sensitive and-resistant strains. AB - The cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, colony type 4, was studied. Outer membrane was isolated by lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of plasmolyzed cells according to Wolf-Watz et al. (1973). The degree of purity of the membrane preparations was checked by electron microscopy. The membrane fraction obtained had a density of 1.25 g/cm(3), was rich in phospholipase A and lysophospholipase, and contained only 10% of the total membrane activity of succinate dehydrogenase and d-lactate dehydrogenase. The outer membrane protein profile after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed at least six major proteins. The predominating protein showed a molecular weight of 35,000. The lipopolysaccharide component was characterized by gas chromatography. The carbohydrates found were galactose, glucose, and glucosamine. d-Glycero-l-manno-heptose was present in very low amounts. Lipid A contained lauric acid, stearic acid, and beta-hydroxy-myristic acid. About 20% of the fatty acids in the outer membrane was derived from lipid A. The phospholipids were characterized as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. There was no evidence for a lipoprotein anchored to the peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan of N. gonorrhoeae was of the chemotype I. The cell envelope of N. gonorrhoeae was found to be highly permeable to gentian violet. Cell envelopes of one penicillin-resistant and two penicillin-sensitive strains were compared. Only moderate differences in fatty acid composition were found. PMID- 806529 TI - Studies on Gonococcus infection. IX. In vitro decreased assocation of pilated gonococci with mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Pili, in addition to enhancing attachment of gonococci to tissue culture cells, appear to reduce association (attachment/ingestion) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. PMID- 806528 TI - In vitro studies on rickettsia-host cell interactions: intracellular growth cycle of virulent and attenuated Rickettsia prowazeki in chicken embryo cells in slide chamber cultures. AB - Upon entry into the cytoplasm of irradiated chicken embryo cells in slide chamber cultures infected over a 2-h period, yolk sac-grown virulent (Breinl strain) and attenuated (E strain) Rickettsia prowazeki underwent indistinguishable reproducible intracellular growth cycles. They promptly entered an exponential growth phase, without detectable lag and without microscopic evidence for any unusual early replicative phase. The generation time for both strains was 8.8 to 8.9 h at 34 C. During most of this period, the state of the organisms and growth were very similar from one cell to another. The exponential-growth phase continued for at least 36 to 48 h, when the rickettsiae became too numerous to count by microscopic examination. Between about 36 and 48 h, cells packed with rickettsiae began irregularly to break down and release organisms. These began to initiate new infection cycles in previously uninfected cells over many hours, as demonstrated by the rise in percentage of cells infected, yielding a highly disordered infected culture with different cells containing rickettsiae in diverse stages of growth. The organisms underwent regular minor changes in morphology, similar to those seen in bacterial cultures, in the first infection cycle. As the cells became packed with rickettsiae, the microorganisms regularly diminished in size to become minute coccobacillary to coccoid forms. However, the rickettsiae in the second and subsequent infection cycles in aging cultures often assumed filamentous or swollen bizarre forms. Only the first infection cycle conformed closely to the concept of a one-step growth cycle. A set of terms is proposed and defined for the infection cycle. PMID- 806530 TI - Effect of temperature on survival and growth of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. AB - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus was stable for 10 days at 4 C in stream and well water, after which the virus had a half-life of 7.5 days. At 15 C, the virus was stable for 5 days, and then had a half-life between 5 and 6 days. Viral antigen in infected cells developed much more slowly at 4 C than at 20 C. Infected cells released infectious viral particles at temperatures as low as 4 C. Nutrition had a greater effect on the production of infectious virus at 4 C than at 20 C. PMID- 806531 TI - Behavior of microflora in the rat stomach: adhesion of lactobacilli to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach in vitro. AB - Certain indigenous bacteria isolated from rats and chickens were found to adhere to keratinized cells obtained from host stomachs and maintained in vitro. Only lactobacilli and staphylococci isolated from rats attached to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach, suggesting that they are dominant bacteria in the microflora of the stomachs of those animals. Indigenous lactobacilli heated at 60 C for 1 h or treated with the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80, and Triton X-100 lose the ability to adhere to the keratinized cells of the rat stomach. Indigenous lactobacilli treated with formalin, however, retain the capacity to adhere to the cells. These observations suggest that surface structures of the bacteria are involved in adhesion of indigenous lactobacilli to the keratinized cells of rat stomach. PMID- 806532 TI - Partial purification and properties of somatic antigen spontaneously released from Vibrio cholerae. AB - The supernatant fluids from cultures of Vibrio cholerae grown for 40 h in an dialyzable medium were dialyzed, concentrated, and fractionated on agarose columns. The fractions containing most of the antigen which inhibited the vibriocidal activity of homologous antiserum were pooled, dialyzed, and concentrated to provide material with about 100 times the specific activity of the original culture supernatant. This material, containing 12 to 20% protein, 11 to 19% carbohydrate, and about 16% unbound lipid, had a mean lethal dose for mice of about 500 mug. This partially purified antigen absorbed all the vibriocidal antibody from homologous antiserum against live cultures and produced a single line of precipitation in gel diffusion tests with the same antiserum. PMID- 806533 TI - Rhipicephalus sanguineus: vector of a new spotted fever group rickettsia in the United States. AB - A rickettsia related to but distinct from the spotted fever agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, has been detected in 167 (18.9%) of 884 Rhipicephalus sanguineus taken off dogs in central and northern Mississippi. The organisms could readily be isolated in male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), where it produced massive infections in the tissues of tunica vaginalis. It was practically nonpathogenic for male guinea pigs, although inoculation of these animals with infected tunica vaginalis of voles afforded in 30 of 38 instances solid immunity to challenge with virulent R. rickettsii. The Rhipicephalus rickettsia grew well in monolayers of chicken embryo fibroblast, Vero, mouse L, and HeLa cells. Cytopathogenic effects were minimal unless large concentrations of rickettsiae were used as inocula. It also could be established in embryonated hen eggs but only after injection of massive doses of L cell-propagated organisms. Serological tests (complement fixation, microagglutination and/or micro immunofluorescence) indicated that the newly described Rickettsia belongs to the spotted fever group but differs from R. rickettsii, R. akari, and R. conorii. Antigenic differences were also demonstrated by direct fluorescence microscopy as well as by vaccine potency and mouse-toxin neutralization tests. PMID- 806534 TI - Activation of mouse peritoneal cells to kill Listeria monocytogenes by T lymphocyte products. AB - An in vitro system has been used to demonstrate that glass-adherent mouse peritoneal cells can be activated to kill intracellular Listeria monocytogenes by antigen-stimulated T-lymphocytes derived from immunized mice. The soluble products of such stimulated lymphocyte cultures could only be shown to similarly activate peritoneal cells if the antigen used in both the immunization and lymphocyte stimulation was also present on the target intracellular organism. PMID- 806536 TI - Mixed IgG-IgA cryoglobulinemia in human serum sickness. Evidence for Equine IgG in the cryoprecipitate. AB - Serum sickness followed the administration of anti-lymphocyte globulin to a patient with multiple sclerosis. In addition to other characteristic features of this syndrome, there was hypocomplementemia and transient renal dysfunction similar to that observed in the 'one-shot' experimental model of serum sickness. Cryoglobulinemia was transiently demonstrable at the height of the inflammatory response. Analysis of the purified cryoprecipitate revealed the presence of human IgG and IgA, and, in addition, equine IgG. This demonstration of a well-defined exagenous antigen in the cryoprecipitate provides further support for the immune complex nature of mixed cryoglobulins. PMID- 806535 TI - Serum immunoglobulin, dermal response, and lymphocyte transformation studies in horses with chronic diarrhea. AB - Serum specimens from 12 sick and 20 normal horses were examined for levels of different classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) by a single radial immunodiffusion. The level of IgA in the sera of sick horses was about 50% lower than in the sera of normal horses. By contrast, the level of serum IgG was higher in sick than in normal horses. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of blood lymphocytes showed transient suppression during the stage of severe diarrhea. The regaining of PHA responsiveness of lymphocytes was observed simultaneously with the recovery process. However, the responsiveness of lymphocytes in recovered horses was still markedly lower than in normal horses. Allergic reactions in sick and normal horses were studied by observing dermal response to the injections of saline extracts from some of the horse feeds. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase-streptodornase and PHA was also studied. The allergic reactions to these extracts were not induced in either sick or normal horses; however, inflammatory response to the extracts was about 50% greater in normal than sick horses. Response to the intradermal injection, either streptokinase streptodornase or PHA, was significantly greater in normal horses than sick horses. These findings are discussed with respect to the pathogenesis of chronic diarrhea and the complexity of immunodeficiency demonstrated in this disease. The possibility that transient defects of cell-mediated immunity may predispose to chronic diarrhea is proposed. PMID- 806537 TI - Two pancreas "tissue-specific" antigens in normal human urine, one being and esterase. AB - Hyperimmune antiserum to human pancreas was exhaustively absorbed with plasma, kidney, and submaxillary gland. The resulting antiserum showed up to seven antigens in pancreas extracts by gel diffusion methods, but failed to react detectably with extracts of 17 other organs and tissues. However, this apparently "tissue-specific" anti-pancreas reagent regularly revealed two of the pancreas antigens in normal human urine concentrates. One of the latter was an anodal esterase. Although the identity of the second is not yet known, it was shown to be devoid of the following enzyme activities: amylase, catalase, glucosaminidase, glucuronidase, cystine-aminopeptidase, phosphatases and sulfatase. PMID- 806538 TI - The effects of sex and age on serum IgE concentrations in three ethnic groups. AB - Serum IgE concentrations were measured using a radio-radial immunodiffusion method in 4,440 blood donors resident in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, and the following differences were observed. Firstly, in all three ethnic groups studied, that is the Whites, the Cape Coloureds and the Africans, there was a tendency for males to have higher serum IgE concentrations than females. This differences was highly significantly in Whites. Secondly, in the Whites, serum IgE concentrations tended to be lower with advancing age. Thirdly, previous reports of elevated serum IgE concentration in indigenous African population were confirmed. No clearly defined cause for these differences emerged rom this study. PMID- 806539 TI - Topical treatment of hay fever with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) solution. PMID- 806540 TI - Probable role of prostaglandins in asthma. PMID- 806541 TI - Plural actions of allergens. A problem in purification and standardization. PMID- 806542 TI - Interpretation of immunodiffusion data. PMID- 806543 TI - Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in nasal secretion. PMID- 806544 TI - [Growth stimulation of tumor cells in diffusion chambers implanted in mice bearing chemically induced tumors(author's transl)]. PMID- 806545 TI - Surface markers on human b and t lymphocytes. VI. Cytotoxicity against cell lines as a functional marker for lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The spontaneous lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) of cells from normal donors against 19 different established cell lines was analysed. All normal lymphocytes were cytotoxic in all combinations tested in a17h 51-Cr release assay. ALMC was found to be mediated by a minor subpopulation of lymphocytes with Fc/C3 receptors. Non-cytotoxic SRBC binding T-lymphocytes could be induced to become cytotoxic by the addition of Con A to the incubation medium. SLMC and lectin-induced cytotoxicity were briefly characterized. It is argued that SLMC is a non-specific non-immunological reaction which must be taken into consideration when lymphocytes from cancer patients are tested against tumour-cell lines in vitro. Futhermore, SLMC and letin-induced cytotoxicity are proposed as functional markers for Fc/C3-binding lymphocytes and SRBC binding lymphocytes respectively. PMID- 806546 TI - Human meningioma antigens. AB - Sera from patients with various types of central nervous system tumors display antibodies reactive in serologic assays with cells and extracts derived from human brain neoplasms. Soluble antigens extracted and purified from surgical specimens of human meningiomas (MSA) were used to test for precipitating antibodies in sera from patients with various histologic types of brain tumors, non-neural solid tumors and from normal donors. Blind studies by immunodiffusion (ID) showed that 63% (15/24) of meningioma patients, 53% (9/17) of glioma patients and 17% (5/29) of patients with various other brain neoplasms had antibodies that reacted with two of three meningioma-associated antigens. Sera from normal donors and patients with non-neural solid neoplasms reacted to a limited extent (7/118) with another of these tumor-associated antigens. Cross reaction and absorption studies revealed that the three meningioma-associated antigens were detecting different antibodies. None of the antigens was related to HLA antigens or to the human non-neurotropic viruses used in our assays. PMID- 806547 TI - Arrested development and the histotropic phase of Ascaridia galli in the chicken. PMID- 806548 TI - Proton irradiation of simulated ocular tumors. AB - Silicone sponges were sutured to the sclera of owl monkeys to create an indentation which would simulate a tumor of the posterior segment of the eye. A tantalum clip inserted in the silicone sponge served as a marker for radiographic localization of the simulated tumors. The acute lesions obtained on the retina and choroid after moderately high doses of proton irradiation suggest that this method of aiming the proton beam will be adquate for human clinical trials. PMID- 806549 TI - Ocular vascular and epithelial barriers to microperoxidase. AB - Microperoxidase (MP) is an ultrastructural tracer of small molecular weight (1,900) derived from horse heart cytochrome c. Within the central nervous system, it is capable of entering the periaxonal space which is not open to horseradish peroxidase (HPR). Because of its small size and unique behavior, MP was used to probe ocular vascular and epithelial barriers. MP did not enter any ocular space from which HRP was excluded. This tracer established a new lower level of permeability in these ocular barrier systems. PMID- 806550 TI - Full-thickness eye wall biopsy. II. In primates. AB - We devised a technique to perform an intact full-thickness eye wall biopsy in primates. An eye basket is sutured to the eye wall for stabilization. Trephines demarcate and incise a 4 to 7 mm. circumferential area of sclera; diathermy deepens the incision until perforation is achieved. The biopsy specimen is removed and immediately fixed for histologic evaluation, and the eye wall defect is covered by a 7 mm. scleral homograft. Our results showed that histologically excellent biopsies can be obtained with minimal damage to the eye. PMID- 806551 TI - Antimicrobial therapy in patients hospitalized in a medical ward. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. AB - The pattern of use of antimicrobial agents in 1,700 patients hospitalized in a medical ward at the Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, during 1969--72, is analyzed. Penicillins comprised 56%, tetracyclines 11%, streptomycin 9% and cephalosporins 3% of the total antimicrobial exposures. Ampicillin was given to 20% of the patient population. The use of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol fell steadily from 1969 to 1972. Fifty-five percent of the recipients of antimicrobial drugs received only one agent, 19% had concomitant therapy with several agents and the remainder received multiple antimicrobial drugs sequentially. One hundred and ten patients (6.5%) developed adverse reactions; the most common being rash and gastrointestinal reactions. Only two of the reactions were classified as causing major morbidity. PMID- 806552 TI - Spectra of primary X-ray and secondary photons from shielding materials for 4--30 MV X-rays. PMID- 806554 TI - The media and health needs of the elderly. PMID- 806553 TI - Sexual patterns in the process of aging. PMID- 806555 TI - Report from the Congress on the quality of life--the later years. PMID- 806556 TI - Women's health courses--a contemporary focus for health educators. Women's health course at the University of Maryland. PMID- 806557 TI - Freedom to age graciously. PMID- 806559 TI - Active health education. PMID- 806558 TI - Personal growth workshop for women at the University of Utah. PMID- 806560 TI - A plea for aging education. PMID- 806561 TI - The aged: an opportunity for the educator. PMID- 806562 TI - Aging: health education's responsibility. PMID- 806563 TI - Specific chromosome changes in malignancy: studies in rat sarcomas induced by two polycyclic hydrocarbons. PMID- 806564 TI - Nonhomologous chromosome pairing in female Drosophila. Before or after exchange? PMID- 806565 TI - Electron microscopic and cytochemical study on paraboloid glycogen of the accessory cone of the chick retina. AB - Glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase activities in the paraboloid glycogen of the accessory cone of the chick retina were studied electron histochemically, while the paraboloid glycogen was observed by electron microscopy. Some of the paraboloid of the accessory cone of the chick retina contained abundant glycogen granules, but some showed no glycogen granules. Some inner segments of the accessory cones were occupied by deposition of glycogen granules. Polyglucose particles synthesized by glycogen synthetase activity in the chick paraboloid were demonstrated in fine granular form with diameter from 70 to 130 A. These particles were less stainable with lead citrate than native glycogen granules. Synthesized polyglucose particles were located in the cytoplasmic matrices and expanded them. Lamellar and membrane structures were not related to synthesized polyglucose. Polyglucose particles synthesized by phosphorylase activity in the chick paraboloid were located in the cytoplasmic matrices and expanded them widely. Tubular structure appeared to be flattened by deposition of synthesized polyglucose particles. These features showed the resemblance to the inner segment of the accessory cone filled with a great amount of glycogen granules. Synthesized polyglucose was demonstrated in macromolecular form with diameter from 200 to 500 A. There were no relationships between lamellar or membrane structures and polyglucose. The present study suggests that the chick paraboloid not only is a field for active glycogen metabolism, but also becomes a storage of glycogen. PMID- 806566 TI - A simple method for the intracytoplasmic localization of biogenic monoamines in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. AB - A method for the demonstration of biogenic amines is presented. It is based on the technique of Falck et al. and is a comparable method, using glutaraldehyde. This method has been applied to the light- and fluorescence-study of the cat pituitary gland, and allow confirmation of the presence of catecholamines in the cytoplasm of the PAS-positive cells. PMID- 806568 TI - Chicken hypersensitivity pneumonitis in horses. PMID- 806569 TI - Evaluation of two simple assay methods for detecting antibiotic residues in chicken and pig muscle. PMID- 806567 TI - Alterations in the lipid content of rat palatal epithelium during carcinogenesis. AB - The hard palates of 150 female albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were painted 3 times a week either with the fat-soluble carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) for 11 months with inhibited secretion of saliva or with the water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitrochinoline N-oxide (4NQO) for 8 months with intact salivary secretion. Specimens were taken regularly from the mucosa of the hard palate, and the content of lipids in the epithelium was studied histochemically and biochemically during the carcinogenesis. Changes in the lipid content could be observed histochemically as there was a focal loss of lipid stainability in the epithelium during the more advanced stages of carcinogenesis with severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and early invasive carcinoma. The biochemical method used (TLC) could not, however, verify the histologically observed changes in the lipid content of the epithelium, probably because the changes were very local. PMID- 806570 TI - Antibiotics and the oral streptococci of man. PMID- 806571 TI - The effect of sporulation temperature on the resistance of Bacillus subtilis to a chemical inhibitor. PMID- 806572 TI - Glycogen replenishment following exercise: effects of denervation and tenotomy. AB - To examine the role of the nervous system in the rapid replenishment of muscle glycogen that occurs after exhaustive exercise, glycogen stores and glycogen synthetase activity of normal gastrocnemius muscles of untrained and trained guinea pigs were compared to glycogen and synthetase activity of trained gastrocnemius muscles that were denervated or tenotomized immediately after exhaustive exercise and then allowed to recover for 48 h. The trained tenotomized muscles, but not the denervated muscles, had significantly (P smaller than 0.05) less glycogen than the trained normal muscles. These results suggest that neither nerve impulse conduction nor tropic substances contained in neural tissue proximal to the site of denervation mediate glycogen replenishment after exercise. The active, glucose 6-phosphate independent (I) form of glycogen synthetase activity was reduced by both denervation and tenotomy at 48 h after exercise with no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences detected for the total of I and D (glucose 6-phosphate dependent) synthetase activity. Synthetase I relative to total synthetase activity was similar in trained and untrained normal muscles, both of which had significantly (P smaller than 0.05) greater relative I activities than denervated or tenotomized muscles. These synthetase data show that elevated glycogen stores following recovery from exercise may be observed in the absence of increased levels of glycogen synthetase activity. PMID- 806573 TI - Carbaryl insecticide: extraction from dust and powder formulations. AB - Some 10% and lower guarantee carbaryl dusts cannot be quantitatively extracted by shaking with chloroform as specified in the official first action infrared method for carbaryl formulations, 6.206-6.208. A repeatability extraction study has been made, using a different extraction technique with both chloroform and 10% methanol in chloroform. The results indicate that the new extraction technique and the mixed solvent are suitable for all solid carbaryl formulations. It is recommended that a collaborative study be conducted on the new solvent system and extraction technique. PMID- 806574 TI - Removing the interference of DDT and its analogs in the analysis for residues of polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - A micro scale procedure is described for quantitatively separating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from DDT and its analogs. DDT and TDE are initially dehydrochlorinated with ethanolic KOH to their respective olefins, DDE and TDE-olefin (1-chloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene). The olefins are than oxidized by CrO3 in acetic acid to the more polar dichlorobenzophenone. PCB's are eluted from a micro Florisil column with petroleum ether. Typical recoveries in the ppm range (based on a 5 g sample) were is greater than 80% for Aroclors 1254 and 1260. Recoveries generally were poorer with Aroclors of lower chlorine content and decreased with decreasing quantity of Aroclor present. The DDT group was not quantitatively determined; recoveries averaged is greater than 60% for the DDT group in the ppm range (based on a 5 g sample). The procedure was successfully applied to samples of Lake Michigan chubs containing residues of PCB's and the DDT group and to extracts of human serum fortified with Aroclors and the DDT group. PMID- 806575 TI - Microbiological assay of patulin, using Bacillus megaterium. AB - Bacillus megaterium NRRL 1368 was found to be sensitive to patulin and a suitable test organism for an accurate, quantitative bioassay of the toxin. The optimum conditions for the test were determined. The response of the organism to patulin was found to be linear between 2 and 80 mug. When compared to thin layer chromatographic and spectrophotometric assay methods, the bioassay was found to be comparable in accuracy, but less sensitive. The test was found to be sensitive to 1.7 mug patulin. The assay is rapid (12-15 hr), simple, and inexpensive and can be used to verify the toxicity of samples, as well as to quantitatively measure patulin in samples of liquid media, apple juice, and corn. PMID- 806576 TI - Collaborative study of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether multiresidue method for use in determining four carbamate pesticides. AB - Eight laboratories tested the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether method for determining carbamate pesticide residues by gas-liquid chromatography. Propoxur, carbofuran, carbanolate, and carbaryl in apples, corn, green beans, and a leafy vegetable (kale, collards, cabbage, or turnip greens) were determined at the fortification levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 ppm. Average recoveries of propoxur were 87-95%; carbofuran, 87-100%; carbanolate, 89-102%; and carbaryl, 77-92%. No serious background problems were encountered, other than that from field-incurred carbaryl residues in apples. The study revealed the need for certain precautions in determining carbaryl because of its instability in analytical operations. The method has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 806577 TI - Characterization of a rifampin-resistant, conditional asporogenous mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A rifampin-resistant, conditionally asporgoenous mutant of Bacillus subtilis was isolated that sporulates poorly in Sterlini-Mandelstam sporulation medium, but that sporulates normally in modified Difco sporulation medium. Rifampin-resistant (Rif-r) and conditional asporogenous (Spo-c) phenotypes co-transformed at 100% frequency. Preliminary genetic studies indicated the Rif-r trait to lie between cysA14 and ery, a locus (rnp) common to Rif-r mutants. Ribonucleic acid polymerase from strains bearing this mutation was found to be rifampin resistant in vitro. The loss of ability to sporulate in Sterlini-Mandelstam medium was found to be corrected, to a large extent, by addition to the medium of arginine, methionine, valine, and isoleucine. Several other amino acids had small effects, whereas others had no effect at all. The restorative effect is approximately additive. Growth studies indicated that Rif-r strains grew more rapidly than the corresponding parent in minimal medium at temperatures higher than 37 C. Addition of certain amino acids to the medium resulted in identical growth rates at these temperatures. Extracellular protease and esterase activities of the Rif-r Spo-c mutant were normal. A slight difference was found in the heat sensitivity of partially purified ribonucleic acid polymerase preparations of this mutant compared to the wild type. PMID- 806578 TI - Properties of Bacillus cereus spore coat mutants. AB - Two classes of spore mutants have been selected in Bacillus cereus T, those producing lysozyme-sensitive spores, and those producing spores dependent upon lysozyme for germination. One mutant from each class was studied in detail and found to have defective packing of the spore coat layers. The major spore coat poplypeptide appeared to be altered on the basis of gel electrophoretic profiles and/or peptide maps of half-syctine-containing peptides. The spores of the mutants of both classes were sensitive to lysozyme and failed to respond to the germinants L-alanine plus adenosine. The spores were also more sensitive to octanol than the parental strain, but contained the same amount of dipicolinic acid and were equally heat resistant. The reversion frequencies in both cases were consistent with an initial point mutation, suggesting that an alteration in the major coat polypeptide accounted for the phenotypic properties studied. PMID- 806579 TI - Motility of Bacillus subtilis during growth and sporulation. AB - The change of motility and the presence of flagella were followed throughout growth and sporulation in a standard sporulating strain and in 19 cacogenic sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis. For the standard strain, the fraction of motile cells decreased during the developmental period to less than 10% at T4. Motility was lost well before the cells lose their flagella. Conditions reducing the decrease of motility also reduced sporulation: motile cells never contained spores. The decrease of motility was not coupled with a decrease in the cellular concentration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate or a decline in oxygen consumption, but an uncoupling agent immediately destroyed motility at any time. Apparently, motility decreased during development because it became increasingly uncoupled from the energy generating systems of the cell. The motility of sporulation mutants decreased after the end of growth at the same time as or earlier than the motility of the standard strain; the early decrease of motility in an aconitase mutant, but not that in an alpha-ketoglurate dehydrogenase mutant, could be avoided by addition of L-glutamate. Sporulation or related events such as extracellular antibiotic or protease production were not needed for the motility decline. PMID- 806580 TI - Utilization of acetate by Methanomonas emthanooxidans. AB - Methanomonas methanooxidans incorporates both carbon atoms of acetate into the glutamate and aspartate families of amino acids during growth on methane; carbon dioxide is also evolved from both carbon atoms of acetate. The distribution of carboxyl-labeled acetate incorporated into convalently bound glutamate is consistent with the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in this species, and the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was demonstrated in cell free extracts. PMID- 806581 TI - Incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle in a type I methylotroph, Methylococcus capsulatus. AB - Alpha-Ketoglutaratedehydrogenase was undetectable in extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus. Cells incorporated [1-14-C] acetate into only four protein amino acids (glutamate, proline, arginine, and leucine) and the C5, but not C1, of glutamate. PMID- 806582 TI - Control of cell length in Bacillus subtilis. AB - During inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis 168 Thy minus Tryp-minus, the rate of length extension is constant. A nutritional shift up during thymine starvation causes an acceleration in the linear rate of length extension. During a nutritional shift-up in the presence of thymine, the rate of length extension gradually increases, reaching a new steady state at about 50 min before the new steady-state rate of cell division is reached. The steady-state rates of nuclear division and length extension are reached at approximately the same time. The ratio of average cell length to numbers of nuclei per cell in exponential cultures is constant over a fourfold range of growth rates. These observations are consistent with: (i) surface growth zones which operate at a constant rate of length extension under any one growth condition, but which operate at an absolute rate proportional to the growth rate of the culture, (ii) a doubling in number of growth zones at nuclear segregation, and (iii) a requirement for deoxyribonucleic acid replication for the doubling in a number of sites. PMID- 806583 TI - Isolation, characterization, and mapping of Bacillus subtilis 168 germination mutants. AB - After mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine, germination mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were selected by killing, with heat, spores that germinated at 42 C and collecting survivors at 30 C. The germination properties of nine mutants variously affected in amino acid biosynthesis and sugar utilization were studied in detail. They were divided into two groups: (i) Ger-ALA mutants, failed to germinate in 10 mM L-alanine but germinated in complex media (some of these mutants were temperature sensitive); (ii) Ger-PAB mutants, germinated poorly, even in complex media, suggesting that they were blocked in important germination functions. All the mutants failed to germinate in L-alpha-amino-n-butyrate or L valine (including temperature-sensitive mutants only at the restrictive temperature) showing that there is a step necessary for germination affected by all three acids. The mutants had normal growth rates, indicating that the defective gene products were specific for germination functions. These defects were not identified. Eight of the mutants were mapped by transduction with phage PBS-1. The recombinants were scored either by observations, by microscopy of phase darkening of the spores, or by a plate test involving the reduction of tetrazolium by heated colonies of spores. Five of the mutations, of at least three phenotypes, were between thr-5 and cysB3 away from all the sporulation markers that have been previously mapped. A linked ald (alanine dehydrogenase) locus was on the other side of thr-5. The other Ger markers were located in at least two additional positions. Auxotrophic strains that were used for mapping germinated normally, but germination of the Ger mutants differed slightly in different genetic backgrounds. PMID- 806584 TI - Initiation by methionine of mouse immunoglobulin light chain containing NH 2terminal pyroglutamic acid. AB - The mechanism of biosynthesis of NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid has been studied in a mouse plasmacytoma (RPC-20) which produces an immunoglobulin light (lambda) chain containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid. To this end, initation of lambda chain synthesis in plasmacytoma cell suspensions has been investigated. The analysis of radioactive lambda chain synthesis by these cells was accomplished with an antibody preparation specific for the precipitation of lambda chain protein from total plasmacytoma protein. NH2-terminal analysis of plasmacytoma cells labeled with [35S]methionine showed that the ratio of radioactivity in NH2 terminal methionine to total incorporation in lambda chain was greater at 2 min of labeling than at 60 min. However, such a pattern of transient labeling of the NH2 terminus of the lambda chain was not obtained when cells were incubated with tritiated leucine, arginine, or tryptophan. The data indicate that methionine is the initiator amino acid for the synthesis of lambda chain containing NH2 terminal pyroglutamic acid. PMID- 806585 TI - Rat liver pyruvate carboxylase. V. Reversible dissociation by chloride salts of monovalent cations. AB - Rat liver mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase is inactivated reversibly and converted to protomers by incubation at 0 degrees in the presence of high concentrations of Cl- salts of monovalent cations. This inactivation, as well as restoration of enzymic activity, is dependent on temperature, protein concentration, and salt concentration. MgCl2 or sucrose are relatively effective in preventing inactivation and are required along with EDTA for reactivation. The enzyme can be dissociated reversibly from the native tetramer into enzymically active dimers and protomers by incubation with 30 to 100 mM ammonium chloride at 0 degrees and pH 7.0 Isolated monomeric enzyme is activated by acetyl-CoA and appears to show sigmoid saturation curves with respect to acetyl-CoA binding. Biphasic double reciprocal plots are obtained with respect to pyruvate as previously shown for the tetramer. PMID- 806586 TI - The effect of a temperature-induced phase change within membrane lipids on the regulatory properties of microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase. AB - UDP-glucose, UDP-mannose, and UDP-xylose inhibit microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase in assays at 6 degrees. None of these compounds affects activity in assays at 37 degrees. Studies with UDP-glucose revealed an abrupt temperature-dependent change in the effect of this compound on the activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Inhibition by UDP-glucose was observed only at temperatures below 16 degrees. UDP-glucose had no effect on activity in assays at temperatures of 16 degrees and above. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine activates UDP glucuronyltransferase at temperatures at or above 16 degrees, but has no effect on activity below 16 degrees. The lipid portion of the microsomal membrane is known to undergo a phase change at 16 degrees. These data indicate, therefore, that significant alterations in the regulatory properties of UDP glucuronyltransferase are associated with temperature-induced phase separations within the lipid portion of the microsomal membrane. PMID- 806587 TI - Anthranilate synthase from Bacillus subtilis. The role of a reduced subunit X in aggregate formation and amidotransferase activity. AB - With respect to its sulfhydryl groups, subunit X can exist in at least two forms, oxidized (Xox) and reduced (Xre). The importance of the Xre form for the formation of an EX complex and for amidotransferase activity has been examined. Subunit Xre is rapidly inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate and bromopyruvate, whereas subunit Xox, which is not catalytically functional in amidotransferase activity, is not affected. The glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) has no effect on Xre alone but rapidly inactivates the EXre complex. DON inactivated subunit X cannot be reactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol but can be readily displaced from subunit E by free subunit Xre. The integrity of the EXre complex is maintained following gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 in the presence of glutamine and 2-mercaptoethanol, thus the binding of glutamine to the complex does not require the binding of other substrates. Subunit Xox, however, does not aggregate with subunit E since no EXox complex is found following gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 in the presence of glutamine and in the absence of 2 mercaptoethanol. Thus, a reduced sulfhydryl group(s) is not only essential for amidotransferase activity but also for the formation of the aggregate as well. The following model is proposed to explain these results. Free subunit Xre does not bind DON or glutamine to the catalytically functional sulfhydryl group. Upon aggregation with subunit E, however, the glutamine or DON binds to the glutamine catalytic site on subunit Xre and amidotransfer or alkylation occurs. An EX complex which has been alkylated by DON can be readily dissociated and it is suggested that following catalysis the EX complex may also dissociate. PMID- 806589 TI - Energy-dependent calcium sequestration activity in rat liver microsomes. AB - MgATP-dependent calcium sequestering activity of rat liver microsomes has been characterized. This activity is linear over a 90-min period and specifically requires MgATP. Substitution of CTP, UTP, GTP, or ADP will not support calcium uptake. Oxalate, which serves as a trapping agent in calcium uptake of skeletal muscle microsomes, is required to maintain net accumulation of calcium. The reaction is temperature-dependent and has an apparent Vmax of 11.2 nmol/mg of protein/min. The apparent Km for calcium is 23.2 muM calculated from total calcium concentration, and approximately 4.6 muM based on free calcium concentration, and apparent Km for ATP is 1.8 mM. Calcium uptake activity normally measured in presence of 100 mM KCl is only slightly depressed if 100 mM NaCl is substituted and is considerably depressed when 200 mM sucrose replaces KCl. An appropriate hydrolysis of ATP is associated with the calcium uptake. Separation of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum on sucrose gradients indicates a considerably lower specific activity per mg of protein in the fraction enriched with rough endoplasmic reticulum. Azide, at a level which completely inhibits liver mitochondrial calcium sequestration, has no effect on the liver microsomal system. Oligomycin, which inhibits ATP-dependent calcium uptake of liver mitochondria, has a considerably lesser effect on calcium uptake of liver microsomes. p-Chloromercuribenzoate and mersalyl inhibit the liver microsomal calcium pump at levels as low as 10- minus 7 M. Calcium uptake activity is considerably reduced in adult female rats. Weanling rats, both male and female, have calcium uptake activities like that of the adult males. Because of the higher activity in the male rat, the fatty acid composition of the liver microsomal phospholipids was analyzed. The male rat had a higher percentage of linoleic and palmitic acids in the microsomal phospholipids. Endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane are postulated to play a role in regulation of the levels of free cytoplasmic calcium in the mammalian liver. PMID- 806588 TI - RNA polymerase from phage SP01-infected and uninfected Bacillus subtilis. AB - A purification procedure for RNA polymerase from uninfected and phage SP01 infected Bacillus subtilis is presented. The RNA polymerase purified from B. subtilis 10 min after infection with wild type phage SP01 is resolved into two major fractions (B, C) and one minor fraction (A) by calf thymus DNA-cellulose chromatography. Fraction C is indistinguishable from RNA polymerase from uninfected cells with respect to transcription specificity (both before and after phosphocellulose chromatography). Fraction B yields, on subsequent phosphocellulose chromatography, an enzyme (B-P) whose properties distinguish it from the host RNA polymerase. Enzyme B-P preferentially transcribes SP01 DNA and selectively forms rapidly initiating complexes with SP01 DNA but not with heterologous DNA. The SP01 RNA synthesized by Enzyme B-P includes, as previously reported, a large proportion of asymmetrical middle viral RNA. Host RNA polymerase holoenzyme synthesizes asymmetrical early viral RNA, while host core polymerase synthesizes symmetrical RNA that is complementary to early, middle, and late in vivo viral RNA and contains a preponderance of antimessenger. The subunit composition of Enzyme B-P is identical to host core polymerase with respect to the beta,beta', and alpha subunits and two additional components of mr equals 9,500 and 11,000 that we observe in all preparations of RNA polymerase. In addition, Enzyme B-P has two subunits of mr equals 13,000 and 28,000, which are synthesized after phage infection. On heterologous template, Enzyme B-P and host core polymerase have comparable activities. On these templates, addition of host initiation factor, sigma, restores full activity to Enzyme B-P as well as to host core polymerase. Sigma also modifies the activity of Enzyme B-P on SP01 DNA, restoring some asymmetrical early RNA transcription while retaining some asymmetrical middle RNA transcription. PMID- 806590 TI - Partial chemical characterization of rat fibrinogen. AB - Rat fibrinogen has been purified and compared with bovine and human fibrinogen with respect to a number of chemical characteristics, including molecular size, charge distribution, NH2-terminal amino acids, total amino acid composition, and interspecies immunological cross-reactivity. Although human and bovine fibrinogen demonstrated three nonidentical polypeptide chains by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel separations and by CM-cellulose separations, rat fibrinogen Aalpha and Bbeta chains exhibited identical molecular weight sizes as well as identical charges. The presence of two nonidentical chains in these preparations was shown by qualitative NH2-terminal sequence analyses. The gamma chain of rat fibrinogen was also shown to be quite distinct from the gamma chains of human and bovine fibrinogen in its elevated content of cysteinyl and methionyl residues. Rat fibrinogen possesses the first reported blocked gamma chain NH2-terminal amino acid of any species. It is concluded that, although many chemical properties of rat fibrinogen are unique, the basic molecular structure has remained consistent when compared with that of fibrinogen from the vertebrates studied thus far. Moreover, the inducibility of this system, together with the partial chemical characterization of the fibrinogen molecule, provides important information for the use of rat fibrinogen as a model system in studying the biosynthesis and assembly of this complex molecule. PMID- 806591 TI - Characteristics of the movement of K+ across the mitochondrial membrane and the inhibitory action of Tl+. AB - The incubation of mitochondria in mixtures that contain phosphate, NaCl, oxidizable substrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate induces the efflux of K-+. This process depends on electron transport and on the cyclic movement of phosphate across the membrane. Sodium ions, Li-+, or Cs-+ to a smaller extent, are required for maximal release of K-+. Potassium ions do not induce net efflux of internal K-+, but instead prevent the Na-+-induced release of K-+. Significant K-+ influx takes place in K-+-depleted mitochondria through a process with characteristics which are almost identical with those in which K-+ release takes place. As Na-+ inhibits the uptake of K-+, it is suggested that the movement of K + across the membrane is controlled by the cationic environment. Thallous ion, at concentrations that do not affect oxidative phosphorylation, was found to be an effective inhibitor of the influx and the efflux of K-+. The inhibitory effect of Tl-+ seems to be specific for K-+ since it does not affect the movement of Na-+. Mitochondria bind 10 to 15 nmol of 204-Tl-+ per mg of protein through an energy independent process. PMID- 806592 TI - Differences in subunit composition and iron content of isoferritins. AB - Horse spleen ferritin was fractionated into its constituent isoferritins by isoelectric focusing. Separated isoferritins were stable and showed no tendency to redistribute when re-examined by analytical gel focusing. All of the isoferritins were immunologically indistinguishable when tested with antibodies raised against unfractionated horse spleen ferritin. The separated isoferritins also had similar conformations as determined by circular dichroism. Iron distribution studies, however, revealed a wide disparity among the isoferritins. The most acidic components had the lowest iron content but the iron content did not vary systematically throughout the isoferritin spectrum. Natural apoferritin, isolated from the ferritin by density gradient centrifugation, focused exclusively as the acidic moieties, whereas apoferritin prepared by reduction of native ferritin exhibited a banding pattern similar to that of unfractionated ferritin. The subunit structure of the isoferritins was examined by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate or acidic urea systems. Multiple subunit types were demonstrated by both methods. The relative proportion of these subunit types varied progressively through the isoferritin spectrum. This difference in subunit population appears to be the basis for much of the structural heterogeneity in the apoferritin shells. PMID- 806593 TI - Characterization of R-phycocyanin. Chromophore content of R-phycocyanin and C phycoerythrin. AB - R-phycocyanin was purified from two independent isolates of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium cruentum. At pH 7.0 the protein sediments as a single component with s 20,w of 5.98 S (at 2 mg/ml, gamma/2=0.02). Over a protein concentration range of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml (gamma/2=0.16), sedimentation equilibrium gave a molecular weight of 103,000 +/- 6,000 with no evidence of heterogeneity. In common with C-phydocyanins, R-phycocyanin consists of alpha and beta subunits of molecular weights of 18,200 and 20,500, determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels resolves two bands, blue (at pI of 5.2), and purple (at pI of 5.3), believed to correspond to the alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The native protein gave a single precipitin band when tested against the homologous antiserum by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. No cross-reaction was observed with antiserum to the allophycocyanin from the same organism. The absorption spectrum of native trimeric R-physocyanin at pH 7.0 exhibited epsilomN (555 nm) of 1.51 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), epsilonM (618 nm) 2.55 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), and A 1% 1cm (618 nm) of 70.0. The circular dichroism spectrum of the native protein was characterized by the following molecular ellipticity maxima in deg cm2 per dmol x 10(-5): [theta]311 = -2.36, [theta]343 = -3.27, [theta]552 = 4.67, and [theta]627 = 6.27. All of these values were based on an alphabeta molecular weight of 36,3000, calculated from the amino acid composition. To permit quantitative estimation of the chromophore composition of R-phycocyanin, the absorption properties of Aphanocapsa sp. C-phycoerythrin were determined. At pH 7.0, native C-phycoerythrin exhibited epsilonM (562 nm) of 4.88 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), and A 1% 1cm of 127, based on an alphabeta molecular weight of 38,400 calculated from the amino acid composition. The molar extinction coefficients for polypeptide bound phycoerythrobilin were calculated from the spectrum of denatured C phycoerythrin in 8 M urea at pH 1.9, on the assumption that each alphabeta unit contains six such chromophores. The analogous data for phycocyanobilin was available from an earlier study (Glazer, A.N., and Fang, S. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 659-662). The absorption curve of denatured R-phycocyanin was fitted with high precision by a theoretical curve calculated for a mixture of two phycocyanobilin and one phycoerythrobilin chromophore. The amino acid analyses of R-phycocyanin and of its separated alpha and beta subunits demonstrated a 1:1 stoichiometry for the subunits in the native protein. The absorption spectra of the isolated subunits were consistent with the conclusion that the alpha subunit carries a single phycocyanobilin chromophore, while one phycoerythrobilin and one phycocyanobilin chromophore are bound to the beta subunit... PMID- 806594 TI - Multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins in rat liver microsomes. Preparation and specificity of an antibody to the hemoprotein induced by phenobarbital. AB - Rat liver microsomes have previously been shown to contain hemoproteins having molecular weights of 53,000, 50,000, and 45,000. The 45,000-dalton hemoprotein, which is induced in rat liver microsomes by pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital, is resistant to proteolysis by trypsin. This characteristic was used to purify it from the other microsomal hemoproteins. In the procedure used, a sodium cholate-solubilized microsomal fraction from phenobarbital-pretreated rats was treated with trypsin and chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 to separate the hemoprotein from preolytic degradation products. The hemoprotein thus isolated was homogenous on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was identified spectrally as a cytochrome P-420 hemoprotein. This hemoprotein was free of cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Antibody prepared against the protease-treated cytochrome P-420 hemoprotein will not cross-react with the 53,000- and 50,000-dalton hemoproteins. This was assessed by three criteria. First, immunoprecipitation studies were conducted with detergent-solubilized partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparations isolated from the liver microsomes of control and phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholathrene-retreated rats. The antibody immunoprecipitated only the 45,000-dalton hemoprotein from these partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparations, each of which contains all three hemoproteins. Second, the antibody demonstrated specificity with regard to the microsomal hydroxylation reactions it would inhibit in a reconstituted hydroxylation system containing partially purified cytochrome P-450 (448) fractions isolated from the liver microsomes from phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholathrene-pretreated rats. The antibody would inhibit benzphetamine-N-demethylation catalyzed by both cytochrome P-450 fractions but would not inhibit benzpyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by either. Third, agglutination and complement fixation assays were performed to assess the binding of the antibody to liver microsomes isolated from control and phenobarbital- or 3 methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. These studies demonstrated that the antibody binds preferentially to the liver microsomes isolated from phenobarbital pretreated rats, in which the 45,000-dalton hemoprotein has been shown to be induced. It is hypothesized that there are very significant structural and catalytic differences among the cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins. PMID- 806595 TI - Experimental scoliosis in primates. Failure of a technique. AB - An attempt to produce scoliosis in young baboons by excision of the heads of ribs failed in thirteen growing animals observed for up to a year after operation. Other investigators have failed to produce scoliosis in primates by similar and other techniques that had successfully produced scoliosis in quadruped animals. The possible reasons for this are discussed, especially in the light of clinical trials that are being carried out with techniques transposed from the quadruped experimental animal to the scoliosis clinic. PMID- 806596 TI - Born unto trouble. AB - We describe unexpected adverse psychological and social results in three adult men with severe Little's disease who were made more mobile by successful surgery. PMID- 806597 TI - Animal experiments in radiotherapy II: large animals. PMID- 806598 TI - A review of high LET facilities, existing and projected, with emphasis on the radiobiologic aspects. AB - The introduction of high LET radiations into radiotherapy is an exciting development. Neutron facilities are already in clinical use in England and the United States, while machines to produce negative pi mesons and high energy heavy ions are in an advanced stage of development in Canada, the United States and Europe. The state of the art at each of these installations is reviewed. The therapeutic merits of various heavy particles are compared with conventional photon beams. Lowering the OER (oxygen enhancement ratio) and improvement in the depth dose pattern are the principal advantages sought. Neutrons result in a somewhat lower OER but offer depth-dose patterns that are barely the equal of x- and gamma-rays. Protons by contrast produce excellent dose distributions, but no reduction of OER. Negative pi mesons improve both depth dose pattern and OER to some extent. High energy heavy nuclei show the greatest promise as far as lowering the OER is concerned, but will probably not equal pions in depth dose pattern. More radiobiologic data are urgently needed for all of these new radiation modalities. PMID- 806599 TI - Dose fractionation schedules--biologic aspects and applications to high LET radiotherapy. AB - The main differences between biologic effects of high and low LET irradiation are reviewed with special reference to multiple dose fractionation schedules. Some new results relating to RBE values of normal tissues (skin) at low doses per fraction are presented. Recent results of experiments to investigate optimum x ray or fast neutron fractionation schedules are summarized. It is concluded that, until much more is known about the processes occurring inside tumors during treatment, high LET radiation is likely to be more reliable for eradicating tumors. PMID- 806600 TI - Clinical trials with new radiation modalities. AB - I would suggest that the investigation of a new clinical modality involves a major commitment by the whole clinical group of the department involved and not just by the people chosen to be the primary investigators. As a base for comparison, it requires a detailed knowledge of the results and sites of failures and complications of the therapy used by that department. To make adequate relative biologic effect studies for the new modality, suitable comparative, quantitative tissue and tumor assays have to be done with photons and these could be done and established before the new modality came on line. For the Phase III trial, which is usually considered a randomized comparative trial, it can be argued (and a method is proposed) for the use of a non-randomized study to make the maximum use of patients coming to the centre. PMID- 806601 TI - Amount of DNA produced during extra S phases in Tetrahymena. AB - A protein mixture named LTx, was released from human tonsillar lymphocytes, when incubated at 37 degrees C in either "individual" or "mixed" cultures. LTx caused a decrease in the incorporation of 14-C- labelled amino acids of the target lymphocytes, while the release of 51- Cr from labelled target cells increased. Target cells were found to bind the "toxic" protein. PMID- 806603 TI - The effect of helium and of hydrogen at high pressure on the cell division of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. AB - The rate of cell division of Tetrahymena growing in an observational high pressure vessel was measured at selected pressures of helium, hydrogen and at high hydrostatic pressure. Pressures greater than 100 atm reduced the rate of division, but the gases inhibited division to a lesser degree than pure hydrostatic pressure. Hydrogen's effect was distinguishable from that of hydrostatic pressure at 130 atm or more, while helium's effect appeared at 175 atm. These inert gases probably counteract the action of pressure by stabilising apolar pressure-labile targets. PMID- 806602 TI - Distribution of [1,2-3H]cholesterol in mouse brain after injection in the suckling period. AB - Glutaraldehyde-carbohydrazide polymer (GACH) was used to embed olfactory tracts, trapezoid body, and sciatic nerves of 9-, 10-, and 49-day old mice 2 h, 24 h, and 6 wk (respectively) after the intraperitoneal administration of [1,2 3H]cholesterol. Greater than 94% of radioactive cholesterol was retained in the GACH-infiltrated brain 24 h or more after injection. The fine structural preservation of both central and peripheral nervous tissues was excellent. Quantitative analysis of electron microscope autoradiographs demonstrated that [1,2-3H]cholesterol is limited to blood vessel walls and lumen within the central nervous system at 2 h and 6 wk postinjection, but neurons and neuropil also contain the labeled cholesterol. The thickest myelin sheaths in the adult mice appear to be uniformly labeled throughout their width. No relationship of the retained [1,2-3H]cholesterol to the node of Ranvier was found in the adult sciatic nerve. PMID- 806604 TI - Myonemal contraction of spirostomum. II. Some mechanical properties of the contractile apparatus. AB - In several respects, notably the high velocity of shortening, Ca(2+) dependence, and ATP independence, contraction of Spirostomum resembles the spasmonemal mechanism of the peritrich ciliates. In this report further mechanical properties of the contractile apparatus are described that extend this comparison. The velocity-load characteristic is more appropriate to an elastomer than to a muscle where contraction force is load-dependent. Active tension is found to relate linearly to cell length for extensions up to and beyond resting length (1r), an elastic limit is reached around 1.5 1r. At resting length this tension, measured by the deformation of a glass microbalance, is similar to that predicted from consideration of the hydrodynamic forces normally resisting shortening. The tension-length relation for the unstimulated (passive) cell is also linear between 1r and the elastic limit, but is displaced from the active tension-length curve and is of reduced stiffness. Kinetic studies suggest that maximum tension and maximum velocity coincide. Calculations are presented that support a model of contraction in Spirostomum in which the myonemes behave as a mechanochemical engine powered directly by the chemical potential of Ca(2+). PMID- 806605 TI - Cytofluorimetric analysis of nuclear DNA during meiosis, fertilization and macronuclear development in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. AB - Fluorescence cytophotometry was used to study nuclear DNA content and synthesis patterns during meiosis, fertilization and macronuclear development in the ciliated protozoon, Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. It was found that cells entered conjugation with a G1 (45C) macronucleus and a G2 (4C) micronucleus. During meiosis the micronucleus was reduced to 4 haploid nuclei, each with a 1C amount of DNA; each meiotic product then replicated to 2C, but only the nucleus next to the attachment membrane in each conjugant divided to form the two 1C gametic nuclei. The gametic nuclei replicated to 2C prior to fertilization; hence there was no S-period in the 4C fertilization nucleus (synkaryon). The first postzygotic division products immediately entered an S-period to become 4C, and at the second postzygotic division, each of the two 4C nuclei in each conjugant divided to form one 2C micronucleus and one 2C macronuclear Anlage. The macronuclear Anlagen began DNA synthesis immediately and were about 8C at the completion of conjugation; the micronuclei did not undergo rapid DNA doubling and measured between 2C and 3C when the conjugants separated. The old macronucleus did not participate in any S-period during conjugation and began to decompose after the second postzygotic division; it contained an average of 24C at the end of conjugation. From this sequence of nuclear divisions a pattern emerges that, unless a general cytoplasmic signal for DNA synthesis is suppressed, DNA synthesis always occurs in micronuclear division products immediately following separation of sister chromatids. Nuclear development continued in the first two cell cycles after conjugation. In exconjugants (the first cycle), macronuclear Anlagen underwent two rounds of DNA synthesis to become 32C and both micronuclei also underwent DNA synthesis. However, prior to the first cell division, one micronucleus and the old macronucleus completely disintegrated, and at the first cell division the remaining 4C micronucleus divided and one macronuclear Anlage was distributed to each resulting caryonide. At the end of the second cell cycle, the dividing macronucleus of each caryonide contained about 128C. These results relate to the question of ploidy of macronuclear subunits. It is argued that the G1 macronucleus contains 22 or 23 diploid subunits, each subunit being a copy of the diploid micronuclear genome. It is suggested that unequal macronuclear division relates to the question of subunit ploidy by playing a role in the phenomenon of macronuclear assortment. PMID- 806606 TI - Inhibition of rRNA synthesis following incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis was grown on chemically defined medium in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). Under these growth conditions more than 60% of the thymidine sites in DNA were substituted with BUdR. It was found that RNA synthesis was strongly inhibited by the presence of BUdR in DNA. To assure that incorporation of BUdR into DNA was a prerequisite of the effect observed, BUdR was added to synchronously dividing cells. BUdR had no effect on the cells when present outside the period of nuclear DNA replication, whereas RNA synthesis was strongly inhibited as soon as the genes coding for ribosomal RNA had replicated in the presence of BUdR. PMID- 806607 TI - Inability to detect Chlamyodomonas microtubule assembly in vitro: possible implications to the in vivo regulation of microtubule assembly. AB - It has been demonstrated that the in vitro assembly of microtubules from Chlamydomonas preparations does not occur under a wide range of conditions, including those efficacious for mammalian brain tubulin. This incompetence of Chlamydomonas extracts to form microtubules is independent of the tubulin concentration, the presence of added nucleotides or an added seed, temperature, or the concentration of divalent cation. However, an amorphous aggregate was observed under certain conditions, who composition was mainly tubulin. The in vitro reassembly of microtubules in gerbil brain extracts is inhibited by Chlamydomonas preparations. Fractionation of the Chlamydomonas extracts by column chromatography suggests that the inhibitory component is Chlamydomonas tubulin itself. The mechanism of this inhibition is unknown, but reassembly experiments indicate that the 2 types of tubulins cannot copolymerize. We suggest that the Chlamydomonas tubulin, derived from a cytoplasmic pool, requires to be activated prior to its in vivo polymerization into microtubules. PMID- 806608 TI - High speed liquid chromatography of pesticides. AB - High speed liquid chromatography has just begun to be explored as an analytical technique for pesticides, particularly residues. It is the intent of this article to provide a comprehensive review of pesticide related applications, point out possibilities for better utilization of existing columns, describe some of the more promising experimental detectors and suggest approaches which could lead to the development of practical analytical methods. PMID- 806609 TI - The development of essential fatty acid deficiency in healthy men fed fat-free diets intravenously and orally. AB - The hypothesis that clinical and biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency (EFA) might occur from the feeding of eucaloric, fat-free diets was tested in two experiments in healthy men. In Study I, eight men were given fat-free, eucaloric diets containing 80% of calories as glucose and 20% as amino acid hydrolysates by a constant drip over a 24-h period. The diets were fed in succession for periods of 2 wk each, either through a superior vena cava catheter or via a nasogastric tube. EFA deficiency was detected by decreases in linoleic acid and by the appearance of 5, 8, 11-eicosatrienoic acid in lipid fractions of plasma. Linoleic acid decreased significantly during 2 wk of the fat-free diet given intravenously from 48.8 to 9.8% (percent of total fatty acids) in cholesterol esters, from 21.2 to 3.2% in phospholipids, from 9.6 to 2.0% in free fatty acids, and from 14.1 to 2.6% in triglycerides. Eicosatrienoic acid, normally undetectable, appeared 0.6% in cholesterol esters, 2.5% in phospholipids, 0.2% in free fatty acids, and 2.3% in triglycerides. EFA deficiency occurred similarly during the nasogastric feeding. In Study II a subject received the same diet continuously by the nasogastric route for 10 days followed by a 24-h fast. He was then given the fat free diet intermittently in three meals per day for 3 days. Finally, he was repleted with a diet containing 2.6% linoleic acid. By the 3rd day of the continuous nasogastric feeding, linoleic acid had fallen significantly and eicosatrienoic acid had appeared in plasma lipid fractions as in Study I. These findings were accentuated by day 10. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition did not change. Free fatty acid outflow from adipose tissue was presumably suppressed during the 10 days of continuous feeding. With increased free fatty acid outflow during fasting and intermittent feeding, linoleic acid rose and eicosatrienoic acid decreased. After 13 days of repletion with dietary linoleic acid, the EFA deficiency readily develops when fat-free diets containing glucose are given intravenously or orally as constant 24-h infusions. These diets are similar to the hyperalimentation formulas now being used clinically. PMID- 806612 TI - Myeloid leucosis associated with sporozoan infection in clutured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). PMID- 806611 TI - A study of the agglutinin response in 40 cases of bacterial pneumonia. AB - Comparison of the results of cultures from blood and sputum with those of agglutinin response in 40 cases of bacterial pneumonia and 36 controls suggests that a provisional identification of causal bacteria, for purposes of antibiotic therapy, may be made by the serological tests with much greater rapidity and comparable accuracy. A combination of these methods is recommended. PMID- 806610 TI - Studies on human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). IX. Some physical, chemical, and biological properties of radioiodinated TBG and partially desialylated TBG. AB - Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and partially desialylated or slow TBG (STBG) were purified from human serum by affinity chromatography. Purified TBG was identical to TBG present in serum by the criteria of electrophoretic mobility, affinity for thyroxine (T4), and heat-inactivation response. Purified STBG had slower electrophoretic mobility and lower affinity for T4. Both bound T4 in an equimolar ratio, were immunoprecipitable, and had similar inactivation t1/2 at 61 degrees C. TBG and STBG were iodinated by the chloramine-T-catalyzed reaction. An average of from 0.02 to 6 atoms I could be incorporated per molecule of the protein by adjusting the conditions of the reaction (time, protein and iodide concentrations). 125-I, 131-I, and 127-I were used. Iodination increased the anodal mobility of TBG but did not affect the reversible T4-binding, precipitation by antiserum, or the heat-inactivation properties. "Heavily" and "lightly" iodinated TBG had identical disappearance half-times from serum in the rabbit. 15 min after the intravenous administration of [131-I]-STBG and [125 I]TBG mixture to rats, more than 90% of the injected 131-I dose was in the liver, and the liver 131-I/125-I ratio was 32-fold that of serum. Selective uptake of STBG by the liver was also observed in the rabbit and in man. The serum [125 I]STBG/[131-I]TBG ratio declined from 1 to 0.2 in 10 min in the intact rabbit but remained unchanged for 1 h in the acutely hepatectomized animal. In the rabbit, t 1/2 was approximately 3 min for STBG and 0.8-3.4 days for TBG. The radioiodine derived from the iodinated proteins is partly excreted in bile but the bulk was precipitable with specific antibodies. Some isotope in the form of iodide appeared in blood and was excreted in the urine. Since radioiodinated TBG and STBG preserve their biologic and immunologic properties they are useful as tracer materials for metabolic studies. In rat, rabbit, and man STBG is rapidly cleared from serum by the liver. Conversion of TBG to STBG may be the limiting step in the regulation of TBG metabolism. PMID- 806613 TI - Progressive serum protein changes in experimental infections of calves with Trypanosoma vivax. PMID- 806614 TI - Observations on a post-operative septicaemia in experimental dogs with particular reference to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 806615 TI - Proteolysis detection in milk. IV. Starch-gel electrophoresis and formol titration. AB - Starch-gel electrophoresis (SGE) and formol titration methods for detecting proteolysis in cold-stored raw milk have been studied to establish their value as quality indices. When examined by SGE, the first evidence of proteolysis in raw milks stored at 5 degrees C was the formation of para-k-casein. However, this fraction could not be detected on the starch gels until the total bacterial count (TBC) exceeded 10-minus 7/ml. The SGE method appeared more reliable than the previously discussed tyrosine value method. Formol titration did not appear to have any application in the screening of cold-stored raw milks with TBC less than 10-minus 7/ml, but would detect some milks of poorer bacteriological quality. PMID- 806616 TI - Bovine serum thyroxine, prolactin, growth hormone, glucocorticoid, and thyroxine binding globulin response to thyroprotein. AB - Twenty-one lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to groups of seven and received: (1) no treatment; (2) 15 g thyroprotein daily for 5 wk; or (3) 15 g thyroprotein daily for 13 wk. Combined averages for serum thyroxine of cows in thyroprotein groups increased linearly from a baseline of 54 ng/ml to a peak of 135 ng/ml at 6 days after thyroprotein feeding was begun. Serum thyroxine then decreased to approximately 80 ng/ml at 23 days of thyroprotein feeding which was maintained during the remainder of the feeding period. Following thyroprotein withdrawal from the diet serum thyroxine concentration decreased to 24 ng/ml at 6 days. Neither serum prolactin, growth hormone, nor total glucocorticoids were affected by thyroprotein feeding or withdrawal. Average milk production of cows in the control group decreased linearly with time. Milk production of cows fed thyroprotein for 5 wk averaged 2.2 to 3.3 kg/day more than cows in the control group and that of cows fed thyroprotein for 13 wk averaged .95 to 2.5 kg/day more than controls for 60 days, but between 60 and 91 days it was .9 kg/day less than controls. PMID- 806618 TI - Surgical method for exteriorizing the orifice of Stensen's duct for long-term collection of parotid saliva. PMID- 806617 TI - Effect of sodium phytate on the chemical and microbial composition of dental plaque in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) AB - The incorporation of 1 or 3% sodium phytate in confectioners sugar produced minimal changes in the physical,chemical, and microbial composition of dental plaque in tube-fed monkeys during a two-week period. Only a reduction in yeasts and lactobacilli could be ascribed to the presence of phytate. Other changes were attributable to the transition from conventional feeding to tube-feeding, irrespective of the presence of absence of phytate. PMID- 806619 TI - In vitro determination of the antimicrobial properties of two cyanoacrylate preparations. AB - Isobutyl and trifluoro cyanoacrylates showed varying degrees of inhibition for Lactobacillus casei and Staphylococcus aureus when tested by the spread plate technique. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. The results tend to support the view that inhibition of growth was due to the vapor effect and not the diffusibility of the cyanoacrylates. PMID- 806621 TI - Evaluation of preventative adulticide treatments for control of whitefringed beetles. PMID- 806620 TI - Antibodies in the saliva and serum of rats sensitized by intraductal instillation of antigen into the parotid gland. PMID- 806622 TI - Soluble proteins of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) herbage. Fractionation by ammonium sulfate and gel chromatography. PMID- 806623 TI - Binding of Mg (II) by the 11S fraction of soybean proteins. PMID- 806624 TI - Distribution of carbaryl and 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate in an aquatic model ecosystem. PMID- 806625 TI - Aflatoxin contamination of corn in the field. PMID- 806627 TI - Gonorrhea--its natural history, oral manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. AB - The oral cavity can be involved in a gonococcal infection, either directly or indirectly. Both types of involvement are dangerous to the patient so affected and to the other patients who follow the one so affected, as well as to the dental practitioner himself. Because we are presently in the midst of a gonorrheal epidemic, an awareness of this infectious process is definitely indicated. The clinical features, oral manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are described in detail to assist the practitioner in the proper management of this disease. PMID- 806626 TI - Differences in the amount and range of volatile carbonyl compounds formed by lipoxygenase isoenzymes from soybeans. PMID- 806628 TI - Long-term treatment of the severely disturbed adolescent. Residential treatment versus hospitalization. PMID- 806629 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. 13-C shieldings and spin-lattice relaxation times in chlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 806630 TI - Monitoring nutritional care of the long-term patient. I. Policies and systems that support the on-going evaluation care. PMID- 806631 TI - Monitoring nutritional care of long-term patient. II. Experiences at the Mercy Health and Rehabilitation Center, Auburn, New York. PMID- 806632 TI - The effect of physical conditioning on cardiac performance of squirrel monkeys with coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 806633 TI - Some social psychological aspects of long-term care and treatment. PMID- 806634 TI - Acid treatment of Drosophila deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - In cytologic preparations of chromosomes, acid-treated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found largely in the native state. However, acid treatments widely used for chromosome preparations produce significant amounts of depurination in DNA. DNA is similarly sensitive to depurination in intact cells or as purified DNA. If treated with alkali, these apurinic gaps can be converted to single strand breaks. Acid treatment has widely different effects on specific fractions of DNA. In Drosophila melanogaster 3% of the DNA is composed of very long tracts of pyrimidines (polypyrimidines) which are resistant to acid hydrolysis. The implications of these results for molecular cytogenetics are discussed. PMID- 806635 TI - Divergent results in radial immunodiffusion with antisera differing in precipitation properties with respect to individual immunoglobulin subclass. I. The antigen factor. AB - Two bovine IgG subclasses were used as reference antigens to study subclass influence on radial immunodiffusion results with total bovine IgG. In combination with some of eight anti-bovine IgG sera tested the use of the same antiserum with one subclass furnished values which were about twice as high as values obtained with the other subclass. It is concluded that immunoglobulin determinations by radial immunodiffusion are influenced by the chosen reference antigen and by subclass ratios in the samples tested. The composition of immunoglobulin subclass mixtures for testing antisera used in radial immunodiffusion is discussed. PMID- 806636 TI - Detection of Candida precipitins. a comparison of double diffusion and counter immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The optimum conditions for detection of Candida precipitins by double diffusion and counter immunoelectrophoresis have been established. Counter immunoelectrophoresis was shown to be more sensitive than double diffusion, and its application to routine tests for Candida precipitins to cytoplasmic antigen is recommended. PMID- 806637 TI - In vivo propagation of microsporidan pathogenic to insects. PMID- 806638 TI - Inability of murine melanoma melanosomal "tyrosinase" (L-dopa oxidase) to oxidize tyrosine to melanin in polyacrylamide gel systems. AB - Melanosomal "tyrosinase" (L-dopa) was isolated from trypsin digest of B-16 mouse melanoma melanosomes, using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The enzyme was represented by a single band, having characteristics similar to the T1 dopa positive band observed when using supernatants of crude melanoma homogenates as the source. When gels with this band were incubated in solutions containing tyrosine and dopa in varying ratios , there was no enhancement of melanin formation by tyrosine when compared with incubations in corresponding concentrations of dopa alone. These data further support previous studies in our laboratory demonstrating an inability of so-called mamalian "tyrosinase" to convert tyrosine to melanin; since this enzyme readily converts L-dopa to melanin, it seems more reasonable to term this enzyme an L-dopa oxidase. PMID- 806639 TI - [Pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa- clinical studies based on questionnaires]. PMID- 806640 TI - [Immunological investigation on refratory nature of Salmonella infections]. PMID- 806641 TI - [Clinical study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; report 6. Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at home and hospitals]. PMID- 806642 TI - [Molecular evolution of hemoglobins (author's transl)]. PMID- 806643 TI - Clinical application of counterimmunoelectrophoresis in detection of Candida serum precipitins. AB - Precipitin antibodies to candida antigens were found by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and double immunodiffusion (DID) in 100 per cent of sera from patients with significant candida infection. Such antibodies were also found by CIE in 63 per cent of individuals with candida colonization, 47 per cent of bacteremic patients, and 14 per cent of normal control subjects. No sera from these patients and normal control subjects were positive by DID. Serum precipitin titers by CIE in patients with significant candidiasis were significantly higher than in patients of the other groups. Detection of candida serum precipitins by CIE, when precipitin titers are obtained, compares favorably with DID as a diagnostic tool in significant candidiasis. PMID- 806644 TI - Plasma insulin and glucose levels in diabetic rats prior to and following islet transplantation. AB - Transplantation of islets of Langerhans into the peritoneal cavity of diabetic rats returns the recipients to a normal metabolic state and provides the capability to respond to a glucose stimulation with a rapid release of insulin. Of the two groups of transplanted diabetic rats studied, each had normal nonfasting glucose levels and normal glucose profiles following intravenous glucose tolerance tests. However, one group had significantly lower insulin levels than normal controls both under nonfasting conditions and 4 minutes following glucose stimulation. The other group demonstrated insulin levels greater than those of the normal controls when drawn under nonfasting conditions and essentially identical to the levels of the normal controls following a glucose load. Each transplanted group responded similarly to normal rats with a rapid release of insulin following glucose administration. PMID- 806645 TI - Site of inhibitory action of isoniazid in the synthesis of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The cellular mycolate synthetase activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra was previously shown to be very sensitive to isoniazid (Wang, L., and K. Takayama. 1972. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2: 438-441). We have now examined the question of how isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids. The saponifiable 14-C-labeled lipids of control and isoniazid-treated cells (1.0 mug/ml, 60 min) were compared on a Sephadex LH-20 column, and it appeared that the synthesis of the intermediate-sized fatty acids was partially inhibited. These fatty acids were fractionated as their methyl esters by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograp-y and gas-liquid (6% Dexsil) chromatography. Mass sectral analysis of the fractionated lipids revealed several series of fatty acids: fraction II, C39-C56; fraction III, C27-C40. The long-chain fatty acids in three kinds of isoniazid-treated cells were examined: (a) long-term exposure (48 hr, 0.5 mug/ml), (b) short-term exposure (60 min, 1.0 mug/ml), and (c) variable exposure at low concentration (0-90 min, 0.2 mug/ml). Both long- and short-term exposure experiments showed that isoniazid inhibited the synthesis of saturated fatty acids greater than C26 and of unsaturated fatty acids greater than C24. The variable-exposure experiment at low isoniazid concentration showed that the syntheses of mycolic acids and long-chain fatty acid fractions II and III were inhibited to the same extent. These fatty acids may thus be precursors of mycolic acids. PMID- 806646 TI - Serum transferrin levels in Thais estimated by electroimmunodiffusion on cellogel. PMID- 806647 TI - Studies on the nature of mammalian hypothalamic thyrotrophin releasing hormone using immunochemical, chromatographic and enzymic techniques. AB - Hypothalamic extracts from three mammalian species (rat, rabbit and sheep) were found to contain several ng of immunoreactive thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)-like activity. This substance chromatographed on ion exchange chromatography (carboxymethyl cellulose) as a single peak that was indistinguishable from synthetic TRH. Hypothalamic TRH was also inactivated by normal human plasma at a rate (1.21-1.46%/mul plasma/h and 1.59-1.77%/50mul plasma/min) similar to that of synthetic TRH (1.42%/mul plasma/h and 1.73%/50mul plasma/min). This combination of chromatographic and enzymic techniques can be applied to the identification of immunoreactive TRH in body fluids. PMID- 806649 TI - Killing in vitro of Trypanosoma cruzi by macrophages from mice immunized with T. cruzi or BCG, and absence of cross-immunity on challege in vivo. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from T. cruzi-immune mice were resistant to infection in vitro with culture forms of the parasite. Macrophage resistance appeared in infected mice about 21 days postinfection when parasitemia was still rising. Resistance in vitro was nonspecific since macrophages from BCG-immune mice were resistant to T. cruzi, and since macrophages from T. cruzi-immune mice were resistant to infection in vitro with Listeria were not resistant to challenge with T. cruzi even when the parasites were opsonized. PMID- 806648 TI - Induction of T-lymphocyte responses to a small molecular weight antigen. II. specific tolerance induced in azebenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific T cells in Guniea pigs by administration of low doses of an ABA conjugate of chloroacetyl tyrosine in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. AB - The experiments presented in this paper demonstrate that the induction of tolerance on the one hand and the induction of delayed sensitivity on the other hand can be accomplished by administration of similar doses of azobenzene arsonate conjugated to N-chloracetyl tyrosine (ABA-T) to guinea pigs with the determining factor being the absence or presence, respectively, of activating bacterial products in the adjuvant mixture used. Thus, complete, persistent ABA-T specific T-cell tolerance can be induced in adult guinea pigs with 20 mug of ABA T given intradermally in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) whereas this same dose of ABA-T induces ABA-specific immunity when administered in complete Freund's adjuvant. This tolerance was not reversible by administration of ABA-T and IFA in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, was generated before the formation of primed T cells, and persisted for at least 3 mo after initiation. Moreover, cell transfer studies performed herein demonstrate that the unresponsiveness resulting from administration of ABA-T in IFA reflects the activity of suppressor cells to induce and maintain a state of unresponsiveness could only be demonstrated in unprimed animals may indicate a severe limitation on the potential clinical usefulness of such an approach to regulation of the immune system. PMID- 806650 TI - Viable amphibian hybrids produced by circumventing a block to cross fertilization(Rana clamitans female x Rana catesbeiana male). AB - Eggs of Rana clamitans in their own jelly coat are not fertilized by sperm of other species. When the eggs were surrounded by jelly from another species, they were fertilized by R. catesbeiana and R. septentrionalis sperm. The hybrid nature of the resulting embryos was confirmed by detection of paternal enzyme forms. The R. clamitans female times R. septentrionalis male embryos arrested by the tailbud stage. The R. clamitans female times R. catesbeiana male embryos developed into viable tadpoles and subsequently metamorphosed. The hybridization results coupled with the similarity of enzyme patterns indicate that R. clamitans and R. catesbeiana are genetically closely related. R. clamitans is probably not as closely related to R. septentrionalis based on the enzyme patterns. Since cross-fertilization or early developmental failures of hybrids could be explained by a small number of genes, such failures must be considered with caution in determining species relationships. PMID- 806651 TI - Conjugation in Oxytricha bifaria: cell interaction. AB - As a model of cell interaction, the mating process of Oxytricha bifaria has been investigated. Mating involves several distinct and sterotyped stages, each lasting a determined time, and ending with the formation of firmly united pairs. A "waiting period" intervenes between the mixture of complimentary mating types and the onset of cell interaction. A proper starvation shortens the waiting period (25 min vs 120 min). Treatment of properly starved cells with heterologous cell-free fluid further reduces the waiting period. Certain enzyme treatments (pronase, trypsin and lipase) dramatically increase the waiting period in both washed enzyme-treated cells and in unwashed cells. Trypsin inhibits the first two stages of the mating process, while lipase inhibits membrane fusion between mates. PMID- 806652 TI - Considerations of symmetry in the cortical integration of tetrahymena doublets. AB - Homopolar doublets of syngen 1, T. pyriformis, may be induced by treatment of conjugating pairs with immobilizing antiserum. These doublets have geometric properties and basal body populations generally indicative of separate autonomous integrative systems in the two halves. The duplex system, though metastable, is transformed through a process of "simplification" back to the simplex state. The transformation is not a single event, but a series involving changes at different times for different structures and processes; for the micronuclei and the macronuclei; for the capacity to generate two oral apparatuses through stomatogenesis and the capacity to develop them through oral replacement; for the structures at the anterior and posterior ends of the cell; for the numbers of ciliary rows and for the numbers of basal bodies which make up the rows. Although the two semicells composing a doublet are in important respects independent of each other, they are coordinated in significant ways. The positions of the contractile vacuole pores and their numbers depend not only on the number of ciliary rows in a semicell, but also on the number of ciliary rows in the opposing twin. Most notably, the probability for dual stomatogenesis, and hence the perpetuation of the doubled oral apparatus, depends on the symmetry of the semicells. The cell as a whole is maintained as an integrated unit over a prolonged interval as various aspects of duplex structure and function are progressively consolidated. PMID- 806653 TI - Pattern formation in the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila melanogaster: fate map, regeneration and duplication. AB - Fragments of the wing disc of Drosophila (fig. 2) were either injected into mature third instar larvae for immediate metamorphosis, or cultured in adult abdomens for seven days before being transferred to larvae for metamorphosis. The structures differentiated during metamorphosis were then analysed. The results of the first series of experiments were used to construct an accurate fate map of the disc, and those of the second series were used to determine the regenerative properties of the disc. The fate map (fig. 7) shows presumptive proximal parts (notum, pleura, and dorsal and ventral hinge) at the two ends of the disc, with presumptive distal wing parts in between. During metamorphosis the disc epithelium folds upon itself along the presumptive wing border, bringing dorsal and ventral wing and hinge surfaces into apposition. The wing surfaces occupy a much smaller relative area, and the hinge parts a much larger relative area, in the fate map than in the adult structure. The cultured fragments, in general, behaved in accordance with the rule that when two cut surfaces are created by cutting across the disc, regeneration occurs from one of the cut surfaces and duplication occurs from the other (fig. 14). It was possible to define a level in the longitudinal axis of the disc from which regeneration proceeds outwards. Cut surfaces facing away from this level show regeneration, while cut surfaces facing this level undergo duplication. Similar behavior was found for the transverse axis, and for two diagonal series of cuts. Some fragments with two cut edges could regenerate from one edge while duplicating from the other, whereas others could regenerate from two cut edges simultaneously. However, fragments with four cut edges showed incomplete regeneration, and a high tendency to duplicate even though regeneration in all directions might have been expected on the basis of the other experiments. PMID- 806654 TI - Effects of medium ingredients on the proteolytic activity and pigmentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 806656 TI - An insect toxin from spores of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus. AB - Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis contain a toxin active against lepidopterous larvae. This toxin can be solubilized by extraction with reagents which dissolve the protein crystal of B thuringiensis. It is inactivated by crystal-specific antiserum. Spores of Bacillus cereus contain a similar toxin although the specific activity is much lower than the spores of B. thuringiensis. The B. cereus toxin contains a single major polypeptidecomponent. Toxic activity can be solubliized from spores of both species by incubation with gut juices from Pieris brassicae. PMID- 806655 TI - Transfer of drug resistance to myxococcus from bacteria carrying drug-resistance factors. AB - Resistance to chloramphenicol was successfully transferred from strains of Escherichia coli carrying R factors representative of compatibility groups F, W, S and N to strains of Myxococcus xanthus and M. fulvus. Resistance to kanamycin was transferred from an R factor in group S, and to neomycin from an R factor of group P. Myxobacterial strains differed in their capacity to take up the resistances and also in the stability of the resistance character. strains of M. fulvus were obtained that acquired resistance to chloramphenicol without exposure to R plus eubacterial strains. Cell-free preparations of all the chloramphenicol resistant strains catalysed the acetylation of the drug. Cholramphenicol resistance was successfully transferred from the presumed R plus strains of Myxococcus and also from the spontaneously occurring chloramphenicol-resistant M. fulvus to other Myxococcus strains. Moreover, recombinants resistant to both rifampicin and 5-fluorouracil were obtained, though infrequently, by mixing Myococcus strains resistant to rifampicin and chloramphenicol with other myxococci resistant to 5-fluorouracil, both when the chloramphenicol resistance was derived from S-a (group W) and when it was the endogenous M fulvus resistance. Thus it appears that S-a and a new chloramphenicol resistance factor from M. fulvus will mobilize a chromosomal genetic marker in Myxococcus. PMID- 806657 TI - Absence of repression in a phenylalanine auxotroph of Synechococcus cedrorum. PMID- 806658 TI - A single radial haemolysis technique for the measurement of influenza antibody. AB - A single radial haemolysis in geltechnique has been developed for the detection and measurement of antibody to influenza haemagglutinin. The methold combines the sensitivity of haemagglutination-inhibition with the accuracy of single radial diffusion. It is simple, quick, reproducible, does not require purified or concentrated virus, and is unaffected by non-specific inhibitors. The method is particularly suitable for the routine screening of large numbers of serum samples, and may have application also to viruses other than the influenza group. PMID- 806659 TI - Isolation of chikungunya virus contaminating an Aedes albopictus cell line. AB - An Aedes albopictus cell line was found contaminated with structures morphologically compatible with an alphavirus. Rapid isolation of a cytopathic virus was effected by combining sonication, concentration with Aquacide II-r, rate zonal sedimentation and subsequent plating of fractions on Vero cells under agar overlay. The virus caused neithedeath nor disease on inoculation into infant and adult mice. It produced a c.p.e. in Vero and BHK 21 cells, and multiplied in Singh's Aedes aegypti cells. The virus was identified serologically as chikungunya by complement-fixation and plaque reduction netralization test. Virus was not detected in a single attempt by these methods in the American Type Culture Collection A. albopicturs line. The presence of chikungunya virus in A. albopictus cells is not easily recognized and may complicate interpretation of experimental results. PMID- 806661 TI - Biophysical and biochemical properties of two viruses isolated from Aspergillus foetidus. AB - Aspergillus foetidus virus S (AfV-S) and A. foetidus virus F(AfV-F) have been shown to be serologically unrelated. Amino acid compositions of the two virus capsids are compared and their capsid polypeptides have been examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AfV-F contained one major (phi3) and two minor (phi1 and phi2) polypeptides with mol. wt. 87000, 125000 and 100000, while AfV-S contained one major (sigma1) and one minor (sigma2) polypeptide with mol. wt. 83000 and 78000 respectively. Evidence is presented that sigma2 may be derived from sigma1 polypeptide by proteolytic degradation in vitro. The mol. wt. of AfV-F4 and AfV-S1a particles were found from sedimentation and diffusion coefficients to be 13 I times 10-6 and 12 4 times 10-6 respectively. AfV-F capsid was estimated to contain 120 molecules of polypeptide phi3 and one molecule each of polypeptides phi1 and phi2, while AfV-S capsid was estimated to contain 120 molecules of polypeptide phi1. It has been shown that SIa and S-2a particles each contain a molecule of double-stranded RNA with mol. wt. 2 24 times 10-6 (RNA-224) and 2 76 times 10-6 (RNA-276) respectively, whereas S-Ib and S-2b particles each contain a molecule of RNA-224 and RNA-276 respectively, together with an additional molecule of double-stranded RNA of mol. wt. 0 I times 10-6. Evidence is presented that S4 particles contain two molecules of RNA-224. S3 particles gave only RNA-224 on extraction, but contain the equivalent of 11/2 molecules of RNA-224; the nature of these particles and other possible virus replicative intermediates is discussed. Double-stranded RNA of mol. wt. I 24 times 10-6 was derived from a newly described particle class, Fo. PMID- 806660 TI - The effect of interferon on the formation of virus polyribosomes in L cells infected with vaccinia virus. AB - The effect of interferon treatment of mouse L cells on the fate of virus messenger RNA following infection with vaccinia virus has been studied. The polyribosomes of interferon-treated, infected cells are found to be disaggregated and it is proposed that htis results from inhibition of the initiation of virus polypeptide snythesis. Evidence is presented that inhibition of polypeptide chain elongation also occurs. The block in initiation appears to be due to the failure of the small ribosome subunit to attach to the virus messenger ribonucleoprotein complex. The translation of the different vaccinia messenger species is inhibited to a comparable extent. PMID- 806662 TI - Relative quantitative assay of the biological activity of interferon messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - RNA extracted from cells previously stimulated to synthesize the antiviral protein, interferon, causes species-specific interferon synthesis when added to heterospecific cell cultures. Our results confirm the report of De Maeyer Geugnard, De Maeyer & Montagnier (1972). We have used this observation to obtain a relative quantitative assay for the interferon messenger RNA activity. At appropriate RNA concentrations, the yield of interferon is proportional to the concentration of RNA adsorbed to recipient cell cultures. PMID- 806663 TI - The proteins of Murray Valley encephalitis virus. AB - Proteins specified by Murray Valley encephalitis virus were labelled during virus growth in Vero and in PS cells, and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified virus particle contains three proteins (V-1, V-2 AND V-3) whereas the slow sedimenting haemagglutinin or virus sub-particle lacks the core protein V-2 but contains NV-2, a non-structural protein. Seven non structural proteins in addition to V-2 and V-3 were identified in infected cells. Electrophoretic profiles by virus-specified proteins in both cell lines were almost identical after elimination by a double-label technique of the background of continuing host-cell protein synthesis. Glucosamine was incorporated into the envelope protein V-3 and NV-2. From 26 to 46h post-infection in Vero cells, the proportion and amounts of virus-specified proteins remained constant and they were non-equimolar; incorporation of labelled leucine into V-2 was much greater than incorporation into NV-2, whereas in cells infected with Kunjin (a related flavivirus) this ratio of incorporation was reversed. At 21 to 25h, the synthesis of V-2 was less prominent but there was an enhanced synthesis of NV-X. Apart from V-I, NV-I, NV-4 and NV-5, all proteins are larger than the corresponding Kunjin virus proteins and together represent about 400 x 10-3 daltons of polypeptide synthesis, which is close to the maximum coding content of the flavivirus genome. PMID- 806665 TI - Purification of soluble glycoproteins from human nervous tissue and liver. PMID- 806664 TI - A role for divalent cations in the uptake of noradrenaline by synaptosomes. PMID- 806666 TI - Epilepsy and acute traumatic intracranial haematoma. AB - Acute intracranial haematoma significantly increases the incidence of traumatic epilepsy, both early (first week) and late. Early epilepsy can cause diagnostic and management problems, while late epilepsy may produce persisting disability. PMID- 806667 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome in pediatric mucopolysaccharidoses. Report of four cases. AB - Four pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and an associated carpal tunnel syndrome are presented. Findings in these cases were typical of the adult form of median nerve compression at the wrist, but the patients had minimal symptoms in view of these findings. The importance of careful clinical eximination and early surgical decompression is emphasized. PMID- 806669 TI - [Intravenous feeding and nursing care]. PMID- 806670 TI - Experimental protein and energy in the rat. AB - Young male rats (100-130 g) were fed diets of equal energy content containing o.5, 1,2,3,5, and 18% lactalbumin consumed either freely or in restricted amounts. The rats receiving low protein diets failed to grow and mature. Those consuming the 0.5 and1% protein diets given freely developed the characteristic features of kwashiorkor including edema, while those receiving the diets in restricted amounts developed the characteristic features of marasmus. The rats fed low protein diets had low plasma levels of essential amino acids; however, the lysine level was well maintained. The plasma levels of nonessential amino acids, especially glycine, alanine, and aspartic and glutamic acids were raised in marasmic rats but were reduced in rats fed low protein diets ad libitum. Young and severly malnourished rats appeared to have limited ability to synthesize urea. Therefore, they excreted more ammonia and other nitrogenous substances such as ethanolamine, and when given an amino acid load, intermediary metabolites of the ingested amino acids. Rats fed low protein diets showed diminution of total liver DNA, RNA, and protein. In addition to the reduction of protein synthesis resulting from decreased cellular RNA, ribosomes from the livers of protein-deficient rats had reduced ability to synthesize proteins. This defect was associated with the detatchment of the ribosomes from endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the elevation of the proportion of monosomes to polyribosomes. Malnutrition did not produce any change in the turnover rate of liver RNA. Protein deficiency caused significant depression of serum insulin, thyroxine, and corticosterone levels. Theoverall conclusion is that mammalian metabolism is well adapted to dietary intake and that this adaptation is achieved through dietary control of synthesis and release of key metabolic hormones. PMID- 806668 TI - Verification of the biological properties of Au-195 labeled gold sodium thiomalate by activation analysis. PMID- 806671 TI - Intestinal disaccharidase and peroxidase activities in parenterally nourished rats. AB - The importance of the presence of food in the gastointestinal (GI) tract in maintaining normal enzyme activity in the small intestine was investigated in rats that were kept from eating for as long as 2 weeks. During this time animals were sustained on a nutrient solution administered intravenously. Enzyme activity and small bowel mass in these animals and similiar parameters in rats that were administered the same solution orally were compared with control groups fed an essentially isoenergetic diet of stock rat food and water. Disaccharidase and peroxidase levels in mucosal scrapings expressed as activity/milligram protein, activity/intestine, and activity/100 g body weight, were significantly reduced in intravenously nourished rats but not in rats receiving the solution orally. In addition to changes in enzyme activities, parenteral feeding was accompanied by a significant reduction in the small bowel weight:body weight ratio as compared with that of rats fed the stock diet or nutrient solution orally. Results support the conclusion that normal activity of intestinal enzymes spatially distributed with regard to depth within the mucosa depends on the presence of food in theGI tract and cannot be maintained at normal levels by total intravenous nutrition. PMID- 806672 TI - Two-dimensional analysis of retinal information transfer. AB - A two-dimensional, time-dependent analysis of the mammalian retina is presented. A computer simulation of experimental data considers ganglion-cell activity as a two-dimensional process. The properties of the simulation model were examined with several input stimuli. Circular receptive fields enhance not only borders, but other spatial complexities, such as ends of lines and angles. The enhancement is remarkably insensitive to the shape of receptive fields. The processing of the input picture by on-center and off-center receptive fields is complementary but the division of labor varies with the task. PMID- 806673 TI - [A study on histamine and histaminase activity in nasal allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 806674 TI - Hepatic secretory obstruction with total parenteral nutrition in the infant. AB - Transient hepatic secretory obstruction manifested primarily by chemical evidence of cholestasis with a conjugated bilirubin above 2.0 mg/100 ml occurred in eight of 19 neonates and infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. The incidence of cholestasis was greater in the premature than full-term infant. Prospective determinations of conjugated bilirubin and 5' nucleotidase are essential to detecting cholestasis before jaundice becomes obvious. These tests are more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase which normally rises after birth and during periods of accelerated osteoblastic activity. Preliminary data indicate that the 5' nucleotidase is the most sensitive indicator of secretory obstruction and may become elevated in patients with a normal direct bilirubin. The etiology of hepatic cholestasis during total parenteral nutrition is unknown but is presumed to be caused by interference with hepatocellular enzymes controlling bile secretion; immaturity of these enzyme systems increases the risk of secretory obstruction. PMID- 806675 TI - Surgical management of infantile ulcerative enteritis. AB - Infantile transmural ulcerative enteritis is a disorder of early infancy characterized by feeding difficulties, intermittent and progressive diarrhea, cachexia, anemia, abdominal distention, and small-bowel dilation which may progress to intestinal obstruction. The pathologic process, of unknown etiology, involves a transmural enteritis with deep undermining mucosal ulceration, not unlike that seen in Crohn's disease, except that granulomas are usually not present. The early stages of the diseases may be reversible if the bowel is simply placed at rest by use of intravenous nutrition. In the later stages of the illness, there is progressive mechanical and functional intestinal obstruction due to inflammatory constriction of the distal small bowel and lack of effective peristalsis through the inflammed segments. The terminal stages are characterized by marked abdominal distention, complete obstruction, septicemia, and death. It is during the period of abdominal distention due to progressive intestinal obstruction that surgical intervention is of benefit. A cutaneous enterostomy proximal to the involved segments of small intestine serves to decompress the bowel, to minimize bacteremia, and to allow the distal inflamed intestine to heal. Total intravenous nutrition is mandatory for a period of several weeks until there is healing of the distal small bowel and closure of the enterostomy. In all surviving infants, bowel function has returned to normal and there have been no long-term sequelae or recurrences. PMID- 806676 TI - Alteration in oxyhemoglobin equilibrium (P-50) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) by nitroglycerin (GTN). AB - In the isolated supported dog heart preparation perfused at a constant coronary blood flow, heart rate and left ventricular systolic pressure were not changed significantly by a 3-minute intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin (5 and 10 mug/min). Nitroglycerin produced a significant increase in coronary venous pO2 and coronary venous P-50. These effects were accompanied by a significant decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). An infusion of dipyridamole (25 and 50 mug/min) did not produce significant changes in coronary venous pO2, P-50 or MVO2. Both drugs produced equivalent decreases in coronary artery perfusion pressure which suggests that the increase in coronary venous P-50 or reduction in MVO2 observed with nitroglycerin is not related to coronary vasodilation. The increase in P-50 induced by nitroglycerin was not accompanied by an increase in total erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and was not observed in vitro. The increase in P-50 produced by nitroglycerin provides a potential reservoir of readily diffusible oxygen that may be utilized during periods of myocardial hypoxia. PMID- 806677 TI - Species variations among primates in responses to drugs which alter the renal excretion of uric acid. AB - The effects of salicylate, probenecid (Benemid) and pyrazinoate on uric acid excretion were determined in clearance experiments in the chimpanzee and Cebus monkey (C. albifrons and C. apella). The results were correlated with data from these species in the literature and where possible to analogous data in man. With salicylate, the rank order of responsiveness in terms of uricosuric action was chimpanzee greater than man greater than C. albifrons = C. apella. This was true when comparisons were made on the bases of drug concentration in plasma or the rate of drug excretion per milliliter of glomerular filtrate. A similar rank order was obtained with probenecid except that C. albifrons was slightly more responsive than C. apella. The latter comparisons were on the basis of plasma concentration of drug. The chimpanzee is more susceptible to the uricosuric action of pyrazinoate than is C. apella. With salicylate and pyrazinoate, there was urate retention at levels lower than those required for a uricosuric effect. The results suggest that in comparison with man, the chimpanzee is a hyperresponder to uricosuric drugs and Cebus monkeys are hyporesponders. Therefore, these findings limit extensions of quantitative results from one species to another. PMID- 806678 TI - Effects of membrane potential, temperature and neostigmine on the conductance change caused by a quantum or acetylcholine at the toad neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. Miniature end-plate currents were recorded at neuromuscular junctions of toads, either in voltage-clamped fibres or with extracellular electrodes. The two methods gave similar results. 2. Two types of m.e.p.c.s, differing in their growth times (50-300 musec and 0-5-5 msec) were found. The more frequent had the shorter growth times. 3. The decay of m.e.p.c.s was exponential with a single time constant. The time constant was an exponential function of membrane potential, becoming less as the membrane was depolarized. In contrast, there was little change, or in some cases an increase, in growth times of m.e.p.c.s when the membrane was depolarized. 4. The decay time constant had a Q-10 of 3-13 plus or minus 0-22 (mean plus or minus S.E. of mean) whereas the growth time had a significantly lower Q-10 of about 1-2. The change of decay time constant with temperature followed the Arrhenius equation giving an activation energy of 18 plus or minus 1-0 kcal (mean plus or minus S.E. of mean). The amplitude of m.e.p.c.s increased with temperature and had a Q-10 of 1-5 plus or minus 0-14 (mean plus or minus S.E. of mean) in voltage-clamped fibres. 5. Neostigmine prolonged the decay phase and increased the amplitude of m.e.p.c.s but had little effect on the growth phase. The changes in m.e.p.c.s caused by membrane potential and temperature were not affected by neostigmine. 6. The results show that the growth phase and decay phase of m.e.p.c.s are governed by processes with quite different characteristics. The reaction which limits the decay phase appears first-order, is voltage sensitive and has a Q-10 of about 3, whereas the reaction underlying the growth phase does not appear first-order, is less voltage sensitive and has a Q-10 of about 1-2. It is suggested that diffusion of transmitter across the synaptic cleft may be the rate-limiting step during the growth phase. PMID- 806679 TI - Effects of some aliphatic alcohols on the conductance change caused by a quantum of acetylcholine at the toad end-plate. AB - 1. The post-synaptic effects of the aliphatic alcohols, ethanol to hexanol, were investigated at the neuromuscular junctions of toads, with particular emphasis on the effects of ethanol. 2. The alcohols increased the amplitude and duration of miniature end-plate potentials. It is shown that this effect was due to the prolongation of the decay phase of miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s). There was no effect of alcohols on the growth phase of m.e.p.c.s. 3. The prolonged decay of m.e.p.c.s in ethanol remained exponential and was normally sensitive to membrane potential. Prolonged m.e.p.c.s were associated with an equivalent prolongation of the mean duration of elementary events, as determined from power spectra of acetylcholine noise in 0-5 M ethanol. 4. The relationship betweeen the time constant of decay of m.e.p.c.s (tau) and the concentration of an alcohol of carbon chain length N (C-N) was exponential, conforming to the equation tau equals tau-s exp (B-N-C-N), in which tau-s is the decay time constant in standard solution and B-N is a constant, different for each alcohol. 5. There was also an exponential relationship between B-N and N, which closely followed the relationship between membrane-buffer partition coefficient and carbon chain length for the different alcohols, indicating that the alcohols are active in the lipid phase of the post-synaptic membrane. 6. It is suggested that the alcohols act by causing a change in the dielectric constant of the post synaptic membrane which forms the environment of the rate-limiting reaction responsible for the decay of the end-plate conductance. On the assumption that this reaction involves dipoles, it is shown that the small changes in dielectric constant, calculated from the partition coefficients of the alcohols and by assuming an initial lipid dielectric constant of 3, would give an exponential relationship between the time constant of decay of m.e.p.c.s and alcohol concentration. 7. The results support the hypothesis that the decay (but not the onset) of acetylcholine-induced conductance changes is rate-limited by a first order reaction which involves dipoles and occurs in the lipid environment of the post-synaptic membrane. PMID- 806681 TI - A preliminary investigation of prostaglandin synthetase activity in normal, sensitized and challenged sensitized guinea-pig lung. PMID- 806680 TI - Interactions between temperature and tonicity on cation transport in dog red cells. AB - 1. The temperature-dependence of the uptake of 24Na and 42K into dog red cells between 38 and 4 degrees C has been investigated. The effects on the cation fluxes of partial dehydration of the cells in hyperosmolar sucrose (50-125 mM) have also been studied. 2. A Hamilton gas-tight syringe was used to pipette accurately reproducible volumes of packed cells which contained in addition to 24Na or 42K either [131I]albumin or [51Cr]EDTA as extracellular markers. 3. At 38 degrees C Na flux (m-equiv/l. isosmolar cell volume. hr) increased from 2-8 +/- 0 1 (n = 8) in cells of normal volume to 226 +/- 8 (n = 8) when the cells were shrunken by 27-4 +/- 0-6% (n = 8) in media containing sucrose (100 mM). K influx remained relatively constant under these conditions. 4. The exchange of 24Na in shrunken cells followed a single exponential time course but about 9% of the intracellular Na apparently did not exchange with 24Na in the bathing medium. 5. The steady-state influx of Na in cells of normal volume was maximal at about 22 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the Na fluxes in shrunken cells was described by an Arrhenius relationship with a change in slope at about 22 degrees C. 6. The K influx in cells of normal volume decreased as the temperature was lowered from 38 degrees C, to about 12 degrees C, at which temperature the flux was at a well defined minimum. Above 12 degrees C, cell shrinkage had hardly any effect on K influx, but below 12 degrees C the influx in shrunken cells was significantly less than in cells of normal volume. 7. The selective increase in Na flux induced by cell shrinkage results from a Na:Na exchange process which cannot be explained in terms of Ussing's (1947) model of carrier-mediated exchange diffusion. 8. The lack of coupling between the effects of temperature and cell volume on the fluxes of Na and K indicates that localized structural changes of lipid-protein complexes specific for Na or K are responsible for the cation transport characteristics of dog red cells, and that phase transitions in the lipids of the cell membrane are unlikely to account for the temperature dependence of the fluxes. PMID- 806682 TI - Anorexia nervosa: telemetric assessment of family interaction and hospital events. PMID- 806683 TI - The validity and reliability of the visual analogue mood scale. PMID- 806684 TI - Changes in social organization during the breeding season of wild talapoin monkeys. AB - Two adjacent troops of talapoin monkeys were studied near Mbalmayo, Cameroon, during a predicted 3-month breeding season. Mating continued for just over 2 months. One troop began to mate at least 2 weeks before the other, suggesting that, though climatic changes were probably important, precise timing was mediated through some intra-troop social facilitation effect. Before the breeding season, adult males and females lived in separate sub-groups. Males began to move into female sub-groups before there was any sign of the perineal swellings characteristic of receptive talapoin females. Copulation occurred only with females with medium or large swellings, except towards the end of the season. It is probable that the majority of females were monoestrous. At the height of the mating period, females joined mainly male sub-groups, leaving their infants with the mainly female groups which also included a few males. Copulations were observed in both these types of sub-groups. Consort behaviour was not observed, males frequently returning to all-male sub-groups immediately after ejaculation. Intersexual grooming was not characteristic of sexual interactions. At the end of the season, adults were seen more frequently in groups of their own sex or with juveniles only, and there was some indication that increased aggressiveness by newly pregnant females might be partly responsible for this separation. PMID- 806685 TI - Proceedings: Bacteriophage typing of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in south-east england. PMID- 806686 TI - Proceedings: Rosette formation by rat peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. PMID- 806687 TI - Classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens by immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Heated saline extracts of 89 strains, and (1) supernates of phenol-water extracts (L1 fractions), (2) purified lipopolysaccharide, (3) trichloracetic-acid (TCA) extracts, and (4) sodium-hydroxide extracts of 23 strains representing all Pseudomonas aeruginosa O antigens were subjected electrophoresis. Precipitation lines obtained with homologous and heterologous antisera were evaluated by electrodensitometric measurement. The characteristics of the immunoelectrophoretic groups established were as follows. Group I: two lines running at different rates towards the anode; three subgroups on the basis of the behaviour of alkali-treated antigens. Group II: triple line at the starting well, alkali sensitive. Group III: triple line at the starting well, alkali resistant; two subgroups according to reactivity or non-reactivity of L1 fractions. Group IV: triple line on the cathode side, alkali resistant, L1 fraction non-reactive. Group V: single line on the anode side, alkali sensitive, L1 fraction and TCA extract non-reactive. O antigens identified by agglutination corresponded closely with the immunoelectrophoretic pattern: strains with identical O antigens or sharing major somatic components fell, with one exception, into the same immunoelectrophoretic group. PMID- 806688 TI - Differential ability of colonial types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to produce infection cutaneous perforated plastic chambers in guinea-pigs and rabbits. AB - Perforated plastic chambers implanted subcutaneously in guinea-pigs and rabbits became encapsulated and filled with sterile transudate. When these chambers in guinea-pigs were inoculated with various strans of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, persistent infections were achieved without the use of anti-inflammation agents and in the presence of a substantial predominantly polymorphonuclear inflammatory response. Two strains with small colonies similar to types 1 and 2, and one strain with large colonies similar to type 4 of Kellogg et al. (1963 and 1968), showed differences in infectivity comparable with those that might be expected in man, and passage through guinea-pig chambers increased this infectivity. Rabbit chambers could not be infected without the use of an anti-inflammation drug (betamethasone), and differences in infectivity between strains were not as clear cut. The growth of N. gonorrhoeae in chambers in the guinea-pig provides a convenient model system for studying some aspects of the pathogenicity of this organism. PMID- 806689 TI - The sodium transport pool in toad urinary bladder epithelial cells. AB - The sodium which equilibrates with 24-Na in epithelial cells of toad urinary bladders has been determined. With sodium Ringer's bathing both mucosal and serosal surfaces, 24-Na in the mucosal medium equilibrated with about 35 mmoles cellular sodium/kg cellular dry weight, representing about 20% of the total cellular sodium determined flame photometrically; 24-Na in the serosal medium equilibrated with 120 mmoles cellular sodium/kg cellular dry weight, about 80% of the total cellular sodium. With 24-Na in both media all cellular sodium was labeled within 30 min. In the absence of serosal sodium, total cellular sodium and that sodium which equilibrated with mucosal 24-Na in sodium Ringer's were both similar to the cellular sodium of mucosal origin which had been determined in epithelial cells exposed on both surfaces to sodium Ringer's. Sodium-free mucosal medium, and sodium Ringer's containing amiloride 10-4 or 10-3 M in the mucosal medium, both virtually completely inhibited transepithelial sodium transport. But, whereas the cellular sodium of mucosal origin fell to only 2 mmoles/kg cellular dry weight with sodium-free mucosal medium, an appreciable labeling of cellular sodium was found whether amiloride was present before, or only after, exposure of tissue to mucosal 24-Na. Rapid washing of the mucosal surface of hemibladders just before removal of epithelial cells for analysis removed most of this sodium labeled in the presence of amiloride, suggesting that the cellular sodium of mucosal origin consists of at least two fractions with only about two-thirds truly intracellular. The sodium transport pool measured directly in these experiments is appreciably smaller than any previous estimates of pool size all of which have been obtained by indirect techniques involving use of whole hemibladders rather than epithelial cells alone. PMID- 806690 TI - Some effects of ouabain on cellular ions and water in epithelial cells of toad urinary bladder. AB - Transepithelial sodium transport was virtually abolished when toad urinary hemibladders, mounted in chambers and short-circuited, were exposed on their serosal surface to ouabain, 10-2 M,for 60 minutes. Epithelial cells scraped from such hemibladders gained sodium and lost an equal quantity of potassium when compared with controls not exposed to cardiac glycoside. Their total cellular cation content, chloride content and water content were unchanged. Experiments in which 24-Na, amiloride, or sodium-free mucosal solutions were used, revealed that a large, though variable, percentage of the sodium gained by cells exposed to oubain, came from the mucosal medium, a finding consistent with the model of passive sodium entry from the mucosal medium followed by active sodium extrusion to the serosa. The oubain-insensitive maintenance of cellular volume which was observed did not depend upon transepithelial sodium transport which had been virtually completely inhibited by ouabain. Neither did the maintenance of a normal cellular potassium content depend upon transepithelial sodium transport, for cellular potassium was unaffected when the mucosal medium was sodium-free or when it contained sufficient amiloride, 10-3 M, to virtually abolish such transport. PMID- 806691 TI - Amniotic fluid analysis in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 806692 TI - The major cause of inactivation and mutation by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oixde in Escherichia coli: excisable 4NQO-purine adducts. PMID- 806693 TI - Transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase of a single-stranded fragment by bacteriophage phiX174 DNA 48 residues in length. PMID- 806694 TI - Activation of myosin synthesis in fusing and mononucleated myoblasts. PMID- 806695 TI - Crystallographic characterization of flavodoxin from Anacystis nidulans. PMID- 806696 TI - Partial sequence analysis of mouse satellite DNA evidence for short range periodicities. PMID- 806697 TI - Acute tropical polyarthritis in Sri Lanka patients. AB - This paper described the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in 20 patients with an unusual form of arthritis. All but two were above the age of 20 years (range 14-79). There were eight males and 12 females. The majority of them had fever. All had multi-joint involvement. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated (mean 74 mm./hr.). All recovered completely with penicillin and salicylates; there were recurrences in two, but no tendency to chronicity. PMID- 806698 TI - Leptospirosis in Ethiopia: a serological survey in domestic and wild animals. AB - Seven hundred and fifty-eight serum samples from domestic and wild animals in Ethiopia were tested for leptospiral antibodies by the microscopic agglutination test. The following percentages of seropositivity were obtained: horse (91.3 per cent), cow (70.7 per cent), pig (57.1 per cent), goat (47.3 per cent), sheep (43.4 per cent), camel (15.4 per cent), and dog (8.3 per cent). All 54 samples from birds and wild animals were seronegative. Most of the positive sera exhibited reaction to more than one serotype and antibodies to serotype butembo were predominant in sera of the majority of the examined species. However, grippotyphosa, rather than butembo was the predominant reacting serotype in camels and dogs. It is concluded that leptospirosis is of significant prevalence in domestic animals in Ethiopia and may constitute an occupational health hazard to man. PMID- 806699 TI - Editorial. PMID- 806700 TI - Significance of the gel diffusion precipitin test for invasive amoebiasis. AB - The double diffusion precipitinin test for amoebiasis, has been evaluated in invasive amoebiasis. It gave positive percentages of 91-3 and 90-0 in cases of amoebic liver abscess and amoebic dysentery. False positive rates of 8-0 per cent and 0-0 per cent were obtained in miscellaneous non-amoebic disorders and in apparently healthy subjects, respectively. Its comparison with the indirect haemagglutination test revealed it to be slightly less sensitive but more specific. The agar gel precipitinin test became positive whenever the indirect haemagglutination titres were 1:256 or more. The adsorption studies revealed that both tests detected different types of antibodies. The use of the gel diffusion test is recommended as a routine method for amoebiasis as it is simple to perform in areas where sophisticated laboratory methods are not available. PMID- 806701 TI - Changes in DNase activities in Bacillus subtilis infected with bacteriophage PBS 1. AB - DNase activities in Bacillus subtilis were fractionated by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. One of the fractions hydrolyzed uracil-containing phage DNA but had no activity on host DNA. This activity on native phage DNA disappeared soon after phage infection, whereas DNase activities on bacterial DNA remained at the same level during phage development. An inhibitor of protein nature was induced by phage infection and this inhibitor was shown to be responsible for the disappearance of the DNase activity on phage DNA. Bacterial DNA in infected cells might be fragmented but is not degraded to acid-soluble oligonucleotides. PMID- 806702 TI - DNA strand specificity of transcripts produced in vivo and in vitro by RNA polymerase from SP82-infected Bacillus subtilis. AB - Phage-specific RNA synthesized early in the infection of Bacillus subtilis with SP82 hybridizes to both heavy (H) and light (L) strands of SP82 DNA nearly equally. Phage RNA synthesized during the middle of the infection hybridizes preferentially to the H strand. The ratio of H/L strand binding of RNAs synthesized in vitro by RNA polymerases isolated from uninfected and infected cells resembles the ratios of early and middle phage RNA classes, respectively. This supports the conclusion that a modified RNA polymerase is required for the transcription of middle RNA classes. PMID- 806703 TI - Bacteriophage SPO1-induced macromolecular synthesis in minicells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - SPO1 bacteriophage injects its DNA into minicells produced by Bacillus subtilis CU403 divIVB1. The injected DNA is partially degraded to small trichloracetic acid-precipitable material and trichloroacetic acid-soluble material. The injected DNA is not replicated; however, it serves as a template for RNA and protein synthesis. The RNA produced specifically hybridizes to SPO1 DNA, and the amount of RNA hybridized can be reduced by competition with RNA isolated at all stages of the phage cycle from infected nucleate cells of the B. subtilis CU403 divIVB1. An unrelated phage, SPP1, also induces phage-specific RNA in infected minicells. Translation occurs in SPO1-infected minicells resulting in at least eight proteins which have been separated by gel electrophoresis, and two of these proteins have mobilities similar to proteins found only in infected B. subtilis CU403 divIVB1 nucleate cells. A large proportion of the polypeptide material synthesized in infected minicells is very small and heterogeneous in size. PMID- 806705 TI - Ureteral diverticulum. AB - Twelve patients with ureteral diverticula encountered in a 25-year period are presented. Although the potential for the development of such lesions may arise from congenital maldevelopments, we believe that in the natural history much depends on the abnormal hydrodynamic states that may be acquired in childhood or adult life. Ureteral diverticula are frequently asymptomatic, requiring no treatment. PMID- 806704 TI - Conditions critical for optimal visualization of bacteriophage adsorbed to bacterial surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The potential of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for the detection of viruses on cell surfaces has been studied using bacteriophage P1 adsorbed to Shigella dysenteriae as a model system. Viral particles were readily detectable by scanning electron microscopy on the surface of infected cells which were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by postfixation in OsO4 and prepared by critical point drying. The virus-studded surface of the infected cells differed markedly from the relatively smooth surfaces of uninfected control cells. Examination of the same preparations with transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous viral particles adsorbed to the surfaces of infected cells, whereas the control cells were free of viruses as expected. Glutaraldehyde fixation alone did not preserve the surface detail of infected cells: cells adsorbed with viruses were not distinguishable from control cells by scanning electron microscopy although by transmission electron microscopy viruses could be visualized. Air drying from water or absolute alcohol resulted in unsatisfactory preservation as compared to the appearance of infected cells prepared by the critical point method. Thus, scanning electron microscopy is capable of resolving viral particles on cell surfaces, but detection of these particles is completely dependent both on the method of fixation and on the technique of drying used. PMID- 806706 TI - Caliceal diverticulum. AB - Records of 72 consecutive patients with caliceal diverticula, representing an incidence of 4.5 per 1,000 excretory urograms, were studied. Of these 72 patients, 39 per cent had a history of recurrent infections and an equal number had stone-containing diverticula. However, only 17 per cent had roentgenographic evidence of pyelonephritis. Similarity of incidence in children and adults, as well as a paucity of renal infection and scarring, supports an embryologic etiology. In our experience the need for surgical intervention is much less than is suggested in the literature. PMID- 806707 TI - External-bean megavoltage radiation therapy in the treatment of post-radical prostatectomy residual or recurrent tumor preliminary results. AB - High dose, external-beam megavoltage radiation therapy was administered to 21 patients because of incomplete excision (11 patients) or palpable local recurrence (10 patients) following radical prostatectomy. Of the 21 patients 8 were alive without clinical evidence of cancer for 29 to 97 months after radiation therapy. The best survival was in the 11 patients referred because of incomplete excision. Of these 11 patients 9 were alive, 6 without cancer, and 2 were dead of intercurrent disease without evidence of cancer. Of the 10 patients with palpable local recurrence 2 were alive without evidence neoplasm, while 2 died of intercurrent disease without cancer. Acute treatment-associated symptoms occurred in 11 of the 21 patients. Generally, these symptoms were mild and responded to conservative, symptomatic management. Two serious complications were recorded. PMID- 806709 TI - Prevalence and potential vectors of Haemoproteus in Nebraska mouring doves. AB - Three hundred and nine mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) from Lancaster County, Nebraska, were examined for species of Haemoproteus. Older doves possessed higher Haemoproteus prevalences than younger doves. Mean total prevalence for each dove age group was as follows: adults, 61% H. sacharovi and 83% H. maccallumi; immatures, 35% H. sacharovi and 42% H. maccallumi; and nestlings, 31% H. sacharovi and 16% H. maccallumi. Yearly prevalences were less variable in mature doves than in immature and nestling doves. No correlation between nestling and parent Haemoproteus infections were observed, but nestmates in 10 or 18 nests harbored equivalent infections. Stilbometopa podopostyla and Microlynchia pusilla (Hippoboscidae) were collected from Nebraska doves. Hippoboscidae were collected from doves of all ages from April to August. Dove baited fly traps yielded Culex tarsalis and C. pipiens in Nebraska and Culicoides haematopotus, C. crepuscularis, and Simulium aureaum in Ames, Iowa. PMID- 806708 TI - The prophylactic use of thio-tepa and urokinase in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a preliminary report. AB - The prevention of recurrences of bladder cancer was attemped in 48 patients by means of the combined intravesical instillation of thio-tepa and urokinase and in 28 patients through the instillation of thio-tepa alone. The recurrence rates of both therapies for the postoperative 18 months were 7.9 and 32.6 per cent, respectively, indicating a significant drop in the recurrence rate in the group subjected to the combined therapy. No significant difference was found between the 2 instillation groups in terms of the blood transmission of 32-P thio-tepa. Serious leukopenia was found in 2 of the 48 patients receiving the combined instillation therapy but we concluded that this was not attributable to the use of urokinase. PMID- 806711 TI - Rate of Listeria monocytogenes shedding from frogs. AB - Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were orally inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes. Most listeriae were shed 3-6 days after inoculation. The evidence indicated that the listeriae did not multiply in frogs and were unable to become established in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 806710 TI - Control of Epistylis on channel catfish in raceways. AB - An Epistylis outbreak occurred on channel catfish in raceways during two growing seasons. Bioassays of potential control chemicals were conducted. Based on the bioassay results, salt (NaC1) plus formalin and salt alone were the most effective treatment chemicals. PMID- 806712 TI - Hematozoa of the Anatidae of the Atlantic Flyway. II. Tthe Maritime Provinces of Canada. AB - The prevalence of hematozoa (diagnosed from blood films) in a sample of 4200 anatids representing 14 species collected in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island during the period 1969-1973 is given. Thirty percent of the birds harboured hematozoa; the commonest blood parasite was Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) nettionis (in 18% of the sample), followed by Leucocytozoom simondi (in 14% of the sample). Four species of Plasmodium occurred in 5% of the sample-Plasmodium circumflexum was the most frequently encountered of the four. Prevalence of infection varied markedly from year to year and locality to locality. Ducks from Northwestern New Brunswick-Bathurst area were the most heavily infected while those from Prince Edward Island had a low hematozoan prevalence. Black ducks (anas rubripes) were the most heavily infected of the 14 species of waterfowl sampled and possibly hematozoa may act as a limiting factor on populations of this duck. Bluewing teal (Anas discors) showed the lowest prevalence (7.1%) of the 14 species studied and the prevalence was in marked contrast to that of the greenwing teal (ANAS CAROLINENSIS) (39.5%). PMID- 806713 TI - Violence and epilepsy. PMID- 806714 TI - Letter: Treatment failure with nitroglycerin. PMID- 806715 TI - Malposition of a subclavian line. Resultant pleural effusions, interstitial pulmonary edema, and chest wall abscess during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 806716 TI - [Microcinematographic and electron microscopic studies of proliferating cells in reticuloses (author's transl)]. PMID- 806717 TI - [A case of K-type-IgD myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 806718 TI - [Hereditary connective tissue diseases and arthropathy]. PMID- 806719 TI - [Clinical significance of duodenal diverticulum. 2. Clinical picture of duodenal diverticulum at the Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 806720 TI - [Megavoltage radiotherapy of lung neoplasms--with special reference to the comparison of liniac x-ray and telecobalt]. PMID- 806721 TI - [Necrosis of the rib caused by postoperative radiotherapy (6 Mev) of breast neoplasms]. PMID- 806722 TI - [High LET radiotherapy]. PMID- 806724 TI - [The patient and his family receiving welfare payment]. PMID- 806723 TI - [The patient and his family. A discussion]. PMID- 806725 TI - [Children treated at a psychiatric department and their family]. PMID- 806726 TI - [A patient with chronic disease (kidney failure) and his interaction with his family]. PMID- 806727 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance in rehabilitation of a child with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 806728 TI - [Bedside nursing of a patient with schizophrenia (paranoid) during extended hospitalization]. PMID- 806729 TI - [Bedside nursing. An elderly aphasic patient]. PMID- 806731 TI - [Importance of mutual understanding between health personnel and patients]. PMID- 806730 TI - [A middle-aged cancer patient who is not aware of the diagnosis: the effect of hospitalization and the nursing approach]. PMID- 806732 TI - [Death of cancer and non-cancer patients and attitudes of their families]. PMID- 806733 TI - [Pathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 5. The sitting posture and sites likely to be involved: symetric spinal paralysis and quadriplegia]. PMID- 806734 TI - [Stress and illness. 2. Stress and psychophysiologic disorders]. PMID- 806735 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 2. Childhood (2): gynecologic diseases in young girls]. PMID- 806736 TI - [Oriental medicine. 5. Acupuncture and moxibustion developed in China]. PMID- 806737 TI - The electric potential change of internal membrane during propagation of contraction in skinned fibre of toad skeletal muscle. AB - With skinned fibres prepared by removing sarcolemma in liquid paraffin from single fibres isolated from m. adductor magnus, m. sartorius or m. rectus internus major of toad (Bufo bufo japonicus), it was determined whether or not an action potential ("internal action potential", or IAP) could be detected during a propagated contraction evoked by electrical square pulses of 1 msec duration. The IAP less than 10 mV was recorded with a glass capillary microelectrode inserted into the skinned fibre during a contraction propagating along the skinned fibre. The shape of the IAP was similar to the action potential of a surface membrane of the skeletal muscle fibre, although its time course was far slower. The rate of rise of IAP was more rapid than that of the mechanical movement which was measured by the change in scattered light quantity of a gas-laser beam. When a contraction wave was propagated as far as the unskinned portion it reflected there and began to propagate backwards along the skinned portion. Whenever a contraction wave passed through the microelectrode-inserted portion, the IAP was recorded. When the propagation of a contraction wave was blocked somewhere in the skinned fibre, a potential change in reverse direction was recorded there. The phase of this potential change corresponded with the after potential of the IAP. PMID- 806738 TI - Ultrastructure of glomerular disease: a review. PMID- 806739 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of acute abdominal pathology]. PMID- 806740 TI - [Effect of parenteral feeding on the content of potassium and sodium after stomach surgery in ulcer disease]. PMID- 806741 TI - [Ocular findings in syndroma of Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein and Mims (author's transl)]. AB - This is a description of a male patient, now 8-years-old, with the syndrome described by Schimmelpennig-Feuerstein and Mims. Characteristic for this clinical picture, which is classified as a phacomatosis, are a striated and sponge-like naevus sebaceus, disorders of the central nervous system taking the form of debility and epileptic attacks, and multiple anomalies of the eyes, such as microphthalmus, coloboma of the eyelids and optic nerve with ablatio falciformis, as well as dermoids and teratomas of the conjunctiva. PMID- 806743 TI - Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in gastric cancer juice. AB - Gastric juice was neutralized (nGJ) in vivo by 80 ml of a phosphate buffer containing radiolabelled vitamin B12 as dilution indicator. Unprocessed nGJ was analyzed in the double gel diffusion technique for the presence of serum proteins using monospecific antisera. Alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) was found in a high incidence (36 out of 38 subjects) in nGJ of gastric cancer patients. AGP was also observed less frequently in nGJ of patients with Billroth II resections (6/15), metaplasia (11/52), gastric ulcer (3/24), chronic atrophic gastritis (2/26) and chronic gastritis (3/63). AGP was absent in the control group (0/21), in patients with surface gastritis (0/38) and in subjects with normal acid secretion (0/45). Immunochemical studies demonstrated no identity of AGP with human "gastrointestinal tumor associated antigens." In 7 out of 17 AGP positive samples immunochemical differences between gastric and serum AGP were observed. PMID- 806742 TI - [Alpha 1-anti trypsin-deficiency: combination of pulmonary emphysema and liver cirrhosis in infancy (author's transl)]. AB - The combination of pulmonary emphysema and liver cirrhosis in early childhood is documented for the first time in a 31/2 year old girl with homozygous (ZZ) deficiency of a1-antitrypsin. Examination of relatives in the generation of parents and grand parents revealed 7 heterozygous (MS) and five normal members (MM). Lung function tests showed altered respiratory function in 4 out of these 7 heterozygous subjects. Measurement of trypsin inhibitory capacity in plasma gave a good correlation to the genotype, however determinations of a1-antitrypsin coincided with it to a lesser degree. A high trypsin inhibitory capacity was detected in the tears of the propositi, which was shown to be immunologically distinguishable from serum a1-antitrypsin. Similarly, antiprotease activity was demonstrated in nasal secretions. This too did not reflect the serum profile. PMID- 806744 TI - Management of marmosets for biomedical research. AB - The management of a successful breeding colony of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, is described, including details of treatment during the conditioning period after arrival from the wild. Methods are described for the collection of blood, urine, and vaginal washings. Suggestions are made for improving the conditions of importation of these animals from South America. PMID- 806745 TI - Lactobacillus sp. isolates from mouse livers: saprophyte or potential pathogen? AB - Over a 3-year sampling period Lactobacillus sp. has been isolated from the livers of barrier-maintained and conventional mice. Serology has failed to detect presence of mouse hepatitis virus antibodies in any of these mice. Histopathological examination revealed only mild fatty change and small monocytic infiltrates. PMID- 806746 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 806747 TI - Effects of nutrition on tumor growth and tolerance to chemotherapy. PMID- 806748 TI - Water decomposition in photosynthesis? A critical reconsideration. PMID- 806749 TI - The centriole and the cell. PMID- 806750 TI - Effects of exygen-nitrogen (1:1) at 760 Torr on the life span and fine structure of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Exposure of Drosophila melanogaster adult males to an atmosphere of O2-N2 (1:1) at 760 Torr resulted in a marked reduction of life span. Among the fine structural changes occurring in the oxygen-poisoned flies, the following were similar to age-related changes: ceroid-lipofuscin accumulation in the visceral organs, sponginess of the brain and accumulation of lamellated dense bodies in the nerve cells. Also, the oxygen-poisoned flies showed a loss of the cytoplasmic membranes of the sperm cells, an alteration which was previously found in y irradiated, but not in normal senescent, flies. In our opinion, oxygen poisoning of Drosophila may provide a valid model of accelerated aging, at least in regard to peroxidation injury of cell organelles and ceroid-lipofuscin accumulation. PMID- 806751 TI - A mathematical analysis of the mortality kinetics of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to gamma radiation. AB - A mathematical model with nonlinear time-varying characteristics has been developed which describes the relationship between the kinetics of natural aging and radiation-induced delayed mortality. Based on this model, it appears that there is an immediate effect of radiation which is continuously, but nonlinearly, increasing in severity. Two phases appear in this variation, corresponding to the two phases (plateau and dying phase) of the mortality curves for control populations. Accordingly, S/E (survival time post-irradiation/further expectation of life) can best be interpreted as an increasing function during the plateau phase of normal mortality curves, which levels off during the ensuing dying phase. PMID- 806752 TI - Measurement and projection of the demand for health care: the Chilean experience. AB - Projection of the probable demand for health services over time is one of the most important-and difficult-aspects of the health planning process. Not only must the planner contend with many variables external to the health sector, but also with the difficult to predict correlations between the supply of health, services and the resultant demand. This article briefly reviews some of the principal demand projection methods in use and then describes in detail the one adopted in the Chilean health manpower study. The demand portion of the study in Chile involved three main elements: 1) a sample survey which measured the met and unmet demand for medical, dental, and hospital services as a function of six population variables (age, sex, location, income, educational level, and medical insurance status); 2) a baseline demand projection which takes into account the probable effects of changes in these six variables over ten and 20 years on the utilization of services; and 3) an alternative projection which postulates the fulfillment of certain targets for the improvement of health care. The approach offers the planner a number of important analytical and programmatic advantages compared with other methods now available and are discussed along with their limitations. PMID- 806755 TI - [Letter: Long term care at the expense of general practice?]. PMID- 806754 TI - [Activity of biseptol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim against gram positive cocci]. PMID- 806753 TI - Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 806756 TI - [Catheter valve--an alternative to catheter clip and catheter plug]. PMID- 806757 TI - [Proximal femoral fractures occurring during treatment in a long term care hospital]. PMID- 806758 TI - [Organizational aspects of psychogeriatric care (2)]. PMID- 806759 TI - Techniques of laryngeal reconstruction. PMID- 806760 TI - Radiation dose distributions and their optimization. AB - The current situation in the radiotherapy treatment of carcinoma of the larynx is discussed from a physicist's point of view and in the light of the results of one series of patients. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of dose obtainable with supervoltage irradiation for treatment of T1, to T4 No Mo cases is not far from the ideal, and that it is not difficult to prescribe an optimal distribution. A significant difference in the rate of local cure was found between those treated to a CRE value greater than 1,750 and those treated to less than 1,750. Gothenburg results supporting this finding are quoted. Methods are suggested of optimizing the dose distribution in time by increasing the effect on tumor cells without exceeding an acceptable tolerance to normal tissues. PMID- 806761 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis following stapedectomy. AB - Meningitis is a rare complication following stapedectomy. Most cases are preceeded by a fistula in the oval window. Although fatalities have been reported, most cases respond to parenteral and intrathecal antibiotics if diagnosed and treated early. Gram-positive organisms are the usual pathogens, but Gram-negative organisms may be found, especially as a superinfection following antibiotics administered prophylacticly or for the treatment of otitis media or mastoiditis. A case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis five weeks after stapedectomy, successfully treated with gentamicin, is reported. The discussion included the diagnosis of post-stapedectomy fistula and meningitis and current trends in treatment. PMID- 806762 TI - Resemblance of morphine antinociception to the central depressant actions of norepinephrine. PMID- 806763 TI - Some thoughts on the significance of enkephalin, the endogenous ligand. PMID- 806764 TI - Phosphatidylkojibiosyl Diglyceride: metabolism and function as an anchor in bacterial cell membrane. AB - The recently discovered phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride (PKD), was first observed as a biosynthetic by-product of glycosyl diglyceride metabolism in Streptococcus faecalis (faecium) ATCC 9790. Its structure is 1, 2 diacyl-3-O-alpha-Dglucopyranosyl-6'-O-phosphoryl- [1'', 2''-diacyl-3''-O-sn glycerol]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol. The biosynthesis of phosphatidyl kojibiosyl diglyceride occurs by a novel transphosphatidylation reaction in which a phosphatidyl glycerol to the primary alcohol function at the 6 position of the internal glucose of kojibiosyl diglyceride. The reaction is catalyzed by a membrane-derived enzyme. Phosphatidyl-kojibiosyl diglyceride is bound covalently through a phosphodiester bond to the polyglycerol phosphate moiety of membrane lipoteichoic acid from S. faecalis. Phosphatidylkojibiosyl diglyceride has four nonpolar long chain fatty acyl groups and appears to have the necessary physico chemical properties to anchor the long hydrophilic glycerol phosphate polymer of lipoteichoic acid to the hydrophobic enviroment of the membrane of S. faecalis and probably other gram-positive bacteria as well. PMID- 806765 TI - [Distribution of doses or bremstrahlung radiation 25 MeV along the surface layers of irradiated tissue]. PMID- 806766 TI - The effect of alanine infusions on growth hormone, insulin, and glucose in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - In view of the previously reported inverse correlation between the elevated serum growth hormone (HGH) and low alanine in children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), 30-min alanine infusions were performed in five children with PCM and 12-hr infusions in four children before and after therapy. These infusions did not lower basal HGH or improve its glucose suppressibility in untreated PCM, excluding a feedback relationship between HGH and alanine. There was no insulinotropic effect during 30-min infusions, but an improved insulin response to glucose after the 12-hr alanine infusion was found in three of four children before therapy. Plasma glucose rose slightly during alanine infusion in three of five children before treatment, but the magnitude of change was small and the relevance unclear. PMID- 806767 TI - Absorption of phenethicillin from oral paediatric formulations. PMID- 806768 TI - Topical use of silver sulphadiazine and chlorhexidine in the prevention of infection in thermal injuries. AB - The control of sepsis in burn wounds has long been the unrealized ideal of surgeons. This has been most nearly achieved by topical applications of silver sulphadiazine and chlorhexidine cream. An account is given of its probable mode of action and the method of application, together with an anlysis of the bacteriological results in 809 patients from December, 1969, to March, 1974. PMID- 806770 TI - Letter: Test of cure for gonorrhoea. PMID- 806769 TI - Nutrition 5. Dietary treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 806771 TI - [Long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 806772 TI - [Clinical study with Spectacillin on patients with infections of the urogenital system (author's transl)]. AB - Report is given of clinical experiences gained with the new developed semi syntheticpenicillin "Spectacillin" on 75 patients suffering from an urological disease. The drug has been applied for therapy of acute and chronic forms of inflammations of the bladder and the urethra, additionally the prostatitis, the epididymitis, but first of all the pyelonephritis (caused bacterially). Within the germ spectrum of these diseases, germs of the coli-type, streptococcus faecalis (enterococcus), staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, proteus, pseudomonas and aerobacter were found. Patients with acute/subacute diseases have been treated 8 to 9 days (3-4 grams per day) on an average; in case of chronic diseases, the patients received initially 1 gram a day and thereupon during 3 to 4 weeks 3 to 4 grams per day. The well-succeeded results have been documentated by means of the clinical course, the germ-elimination and the laboratory findings. The exanthematous quote may be demonstrated as remarkably low, considering the good universal compatibility of the substance. For this reason "Spectacillin" not finally is suitable for treatment of acute and chronic infections of the urogenital systems. PMID- 806773 TI - Isolation and some serological and epidemiological data on the viruses recovered from patients with subacute thyroiditis de Quervain. AB - Virological and serological methods were used in examination of 28 patients suffering from subacute thyroiditis de Quervain. Attempts to isolate a presumed viral agent from 8 patients were performed by inoculation of serum, urine, and aspiration biopsies of thyroid glands taken at different stages of the illness, into tissue cultures of different types of human and animal cells. Recovery of a cytopathic viral agent on cells of a rabbit lung continuous line was successful in 5 cases. Serological cross reactions exist between the isolated viruses and patient serum but not with serum of healthy people. Cases with the acquired illness and positive antibodies against the isolated viruses who had been in close and prolonged contact with patients suffering from subacute thyroiditis de Quervain were also investigated. PMID- 806774 TI - Current status of DT targets for cancer therapy. AB - The current status of DT targets for cancer therapy is reviewed with regard to beam composition and energy as well as target configuration, lifetime, and neutron output. The advantages and shortcomings of the various target designs are discussed. It is concluded that several approaches can provide the necessary dose rate and target lifetime for clinical therapy purposes. PMID- 806775 TI - Dosimetry intercomparisons between fast-neutron radiotherapy facilities. AB - Neutron dosimetry intercomparison visits have been made by physicists from the M. D. Anderson Hospital-Texas A&M University Project to the Naval Research Laboratory, the University of Washington, and the MRC Cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. The Naval Research Laboratory and University of Washington physicists have made dosimetry intercomparisons at the Texas A&M Variable-Energy Cyclotron (TAMVEC). The parameters that are usually measured during these visits are tissue kerma in air, tissue dose at depth of dose maximum, relative central-axis depth dose, neutron/gamma ratios in air and in phantom, and photon calibrations of ionization chambers. In addition, beam profiles and dose buildup curves are sometimes measured. Other parameters that are compared are values of W, stopping power ratios, kerma corrections, and calculations that lead to the statement of tumor doses for patients. This paper presents some of the results of the intercomparisons and discusses the implications of the findings. PMID- 806776 TI - Absolute fluence measurement for a prototype neutron radiotherapy source. AB - An inexpensive recoil-proton counter telescope has been designed for absolute fluence measurements of a gas-target neutron source for radiation therapy. The detector has an absolute efficiency of 1.1 times 10-minus 9 at 20 cm from an isotropic source and is useful for production rates of 10-9 minus 10-13 neutrons per second. The telescope consists of a thin hydrogenous irradiator foil and a surface-barrier detector to count recoil protons within a defined solid angle. The telescope provides n-gamma discrimination as well as discrimination against scattered neutrons. Initial tests of the counter telescope were performed using the DD reaction employed in development stages of the gas target. A clear separation of full-energy recoil protons from background and scattered neutron events was evident in the pulse-height spectra without the use of coincidence gating techniques. PMID- 806777 TI - [Radiological characteristics of the pelvic girdle in mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 806779 TI - [Importance of radiographic diagnosis of the skull in mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 806778 TI - [Minor radiological aspects of mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 806780 TI - [Cardiac changes in mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 806781 TI - [Our experience with the mucopolysaccharidoses. Clinical contribution; 1st therapeutic results]. PMID- 806782 TI - [Rare forms of mucopolysaccharidosis. Case reports]. PMID- 806783 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis in 2 brothers: Hunter's syndrome. Clinical case reports]. PMID- 806785 TI - [Experiment and clinical medicine]. AB - The clinically active scientist is related to his motivation as a doctor. Each result of scientific work has some bearing therapeutically or diagnostically. The sum of countless individual achievements explains the fruitful development of clinical medicine in the last hundred years. In the interests of the patients and medical education, one must be concerned also in future with the complexity of the disease processes and diagnosis and therapy must be carried out with critical consideration. PMID- 806784 TI - Chemical determination of protein neighbourhoods in a cellular organelle. AB - Experimental procedures developed for the identification of near-neighboring proteins in a complicated organelle are described in this paper. The specific system studied here is the ribosome of Escherichia coli; however, the techniques and reagents described should have a wide range of applications. We have used three kinds of cross-linking agents: noncleavable maleimide reagents which react with free SH groups; noncleavable diimidoesters which react with free amino groups, and cleavable diazide agents that also react with free amino groups. The combination of immunological and isotopic labelling techniques used to identify proteins cross-linked by noncleavable reagents, as well as the special electrophoretic techniques used with the cleavable reagents are described. We show that the neighborhoods detected by the crosslink technology are functionally meaningful ones, and also discuss the ambiguities inherent in the structural interpretation of such protein neighborhoods. PMID- 806786 TI - [Determination of blood alcohol in persons with blood diseases and secondary distrubances of the blood pictures]. AB - The distribution of alcohol in the blood is determined by the water content of serum and whole blood. In order to verify the conversion factor qu for the establishment of the "blood alcohol concentration" from the alcohol content of the serum, the serum protein content, the hematocrit and the water content of the serum and whole blood were determined in 246 persons suffering from diseases in which disturbances of the water content of the blood could be expected. It was shown that the conversion factor of 1,20 used in the routine practice of the alcohol laboratory is too large. Calculation of blood alcohol concentration from the serum alcohol using the conversion factor of 1,20 leads to a levelling of differences of about 10%. PMID- 806787 TI - [Cerebral circulation after drinking beer]. AB - The effect of the alcohol in beer was studied in low blood concentrations on the cerebral circulation. For comparison, thermographic studies were used in healthy subjects and in 10 patients who had survived a stroke. In half of these patients, thermographic signs of circulatory obstruction of the internal carotid were demonstrable. In addition to various general observations it can be stated that half a liter of beer, also Block beer, does not impair the cerebral circulation, in certain cases it even improves it. PMID- 806788 TI - [Striking accumulation of vascular-induced homonymous defects of the visual field in young women]. AB - An accumulation of vascular-induced, irreversible homonymous defects in the visual field of young women is reported. 9 of the 10 patients had taken oral contraceptives, sequential and combined preparations. Compared to a similar period before the introduction of the Pill, a threefold increase was observed. Factors disposing to vascular occlusion were found in only half of the patients. PMID- 806789 TI - [Dose-effect comparison of antihypertensive combinations with and without alpha methyldopa]. AB - In an open clinical trial, 30 compensated cardiac patients with essential hypertension were selected and randomly distributed. Treatment was given by means of two combinations of active agents, one containing 0.15 mg reserpine, 15 mg mefruside and 150 mg inositol nicotinate and the other 0.10 mg reserpine, 10 mg mefruside and 125 mg alpha-methyldopa. A randomized control group of 30 patients with essential hypertension received 0.15 mg reserpine, 15 mg mefruside and 150 mg isositol nicotinate exclusively over the same treatment period. By substituting only 125 mg alpha-methyldopa for 150 mg inositol nicotinate, the reserpine-mefruside portion can be reduced by one third while still obtaining the same antihypertensive effect. PMID- 806790 TI - [The therapeutic value of "Essential" phospholipids]. AB - 43 male and 30 female patients with various types of hyperlipemia were treated with Lipostabil, Lipostabil forte and 2 placebo preparations, each treatment lasting one month. The effect on the serum lipid level, lipoprotein electrophoresis, coagulation, coronary and peripheral vascular diseases, blood pressure and glucose tolerance was examined. Lipostabil caused a significant decrease of the serum triglyceride level in Type IV. To us, the use of "Essential" phospholipids alone does not appear to be sufficient for the drug therapy of hyperlipemia, but it might play a supporting role in the treatment. PMID- 806791 TI - [Ciclacillin therapy for diseases of the urinary tract]. AB - In our own controlled bacteriological investigations, ciclacillin showed a good effect in urological infections at a daily dosage of 3 g for 10 days. The efficacy is comparable to that of ampicillin and corresponds to that of the double blind trials bescribed in the literature. The specially good tolerance is worthy of note. PMID- 806792 TI - [The death of Ravel]. AB - The composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) was chronically ill during the last five years of his life. He was suffering from Pick's astrophy, the first signs of which appeared in 1923 and 1927 and which were probably already reflected in the stereotypy of the "Bolero" of 1928. Transient apractic symptoms were prominent, later, difficulty in finding words, agraphia and alexia. Ravel left no completed composition after an accident to the head in 1932. Complete apathy and involutional phenomena characterize the period before the death of the master, who passed away a few days after a surgical operation on the brain. PMID- 806793 TI - [The staff of Aesculapius. Symbol of the art of healing and of the doctor]. AB - The Staff of Aesculapius, the symbol of the art of healing and of the doctor, is one of the oldest and best known of all emblems. It has persisted over thousands of years in spite of numerous changes and revivals and is today the universal sign of medical activity. The manifold origins and the logically incomprehensible content of ideas of the rod with its snake, and also its many levels of interpretation are sketched in this contribution. It is shown how, in the histroy of humanity myths, symbols and folklore, which are fed from different sources, finally condense into an optical symbol of human activity. PMID- 806794 TI - [Letter: Air pollution and central nervous system]. PMID- 806795 TI - [Curdled milk in tetracycline treatment]. PMID- 806796 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical significance of gastritis]. PMID- 806797 TI - [Proceedings: Spincter-preserving resection of rectal neoplasms without anus praeter]. PMID- 806798 TI - [Proceedings: Current views in the treatment of uremia]. PMID- 806799 TI - [Proceedings: Nuclear medicine in diagnosis of skeletal diseases]. PMID- 806800 TI - In vitro metabolic activation of chemical mutagens. I. Development of an in vitro mutagenicity assay using liver microsomal enzymes for the activation of dimethylnitrosamine to a mutagen. AB - Qualitative and quantitative assays were developed to study the in vitro enzymatic activation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) to its mutagenic form. Three different fractions from mouse liver homogenates, including purified microsomes, were employed for the activation, and several parameters of the assays were investigated. Qualitative tests were conducted to measure the ability of hepatic enzymes obtained from six mammalian species to activate DMNA. A comparison between two inbred mouse strains using the in vitro activation assay demonstrated that this technique might be a useful tool in quantitatively measuring differences in genetically influenced levels of DMNA metabolism in individuals animals and their tissues. PMID- 806801 TI - A method for culturing peripheral blood leukocytes for chromosome analysis in the dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, mouse and rat. PMID- 806802 TI - Acute cytogenetic effect of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide (AF-2, a food preservative) on rat bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - The cytogenetic effects of 2(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide (AF-2), a food preservative used in Japan, on rat bone marrow cells in vivo were studied. The aberrant metaphase cells in the bone marrow increased and reached the peak level 6 h after intraperitoneal injection of 240 mg/kg body weight of AF-2 and returned to the normal level within 24 h. A dose-response relationship was obtained using 4-240 mg/kg of AF-2. Chromosome aberrations were also induced after oral administration of 30-240 mg/kg. The aberrations were mostly chromatid breaks and the distribution among and within chromosomes was similar to those induced by a carcinogen, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The present results provide the first evidence of in vivo cytogenetic effects of AF-2 on mammalian cells and, together with the evidence of mutagenicity already proved in other organisms, warn of the possible genetic hazards to cells exposed to this compounds. PMID- 806804 TI - Primer on certain elements of medical decision making. AB - The value of a diagnostic test lies in its ability to detect patients with disease (its sensitivity) and to exclude patients without disease (its specificity). For tests with binary outcomes, these measures are fixed. For tests with a continuous scale of values, various cutoff points can be selected to adjust the sensitivity and specificity of the test to conform with the physician's goals. Principles of statistical decision theory and information theory suggest technics for objectively determining these cutoff points, depending upon whether the physician is concerned with health costs, with financial costs, or with the information content of the test. PMID- 806805 TI - By the London Post. There is no use chasing an illusion. PMID- 806803 TI - Aflatoxin mutagenesis. PMID- 806806 TI - [Antibiosis shown by a strain of Byssochlamys nivea Westling, 1909. II. Activity spectrum]. AB - A strain of Byssochlamys nivea cultivated in a liquid medium (Saccharose: 50 g: NaNo3: 2 g; KH2PO4: 1 g; KCL: 0.5 g; MgSO4, 7H2O: 0.5 g; water to 1000 ml) produces, at 24 degrees C, an antibiotic substance which appears after several days of growth (10-12 days). Among 43 strains of Bacteria Gram (minus) belonging to 10 genera none was resistant. The most was susceptible, save Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Moraxella glucidolytica. On the the great bulk of the Bacteria (Gram +) tested was little influenced, except certain strains of Bacillus. The filtrate is ineffectual against Mycobacteria and Fungi (yeast or mould) at the concentration used. This substance seemed to be different of those produced by Byssochlamys fluva (byssochlamic acid) and by some species of Paecilomyces (P. varioti, P. persicinus, P. elegans, P. variabilis, P. fusidioides). PMID- 806807 TI - The effect of parenteral alimentation fluid, undiluted with saline or fresh sera, on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro at 37 degrees C. AB - Parenteral alimentation is often complicated by Candida albicans infection which may be fatal. This study investigated the effect of alimentation fluid (Aminosol) on C. albicans' growth in vitro. It was found that concentrated Aminosol (1400 millisomoles) maintained C. albicans in a viable state but inhibited replication. Dilution of alimentation fluid to physiological concentrations (300 milliosmoles) with either saline or aged pooled normal sera promoted in vitro growth of C. albicans which was equivalent to that obtained in BHI broth and was slightly less than that obtained in Sabouraud's broth. The effects of fresh sera with full complement activity were also investigated. In fresh sera appropriately diluted with physiological saline, some clumping of the yeasts was observed and all formed germ tubes. Growth as defined by budding or the formation of hyphae was inhibited. When Aminosol was diluted to 300 milliosomoles with fresh sera, all yeasts were noted to be in clumps with germ tubes as well as continually growing hyphae. Growth was approximately equal to that seen in Aminosol similarly diluted with saline. PMID- 806808 TI - Depressant action of TRH, LH-RH and somatostatin on activity of central neurones. PMID- 806809 TI - Epidemic typhus rickettsiae isolated from flying squirrels. PMID- 806810 TI - A-protein gene of bacteriophage MS2. PMID- 806811 TI - Identification of chlorinated dibenzofurans in American polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 806812 TI - Evidence for heterogeneity in heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 806813 TI - N-terminal sequences of secretory piece and of alpha chains of different allotype in rabbit secretory IgA. PMID- 806814 TI - Three-dimensional structure, function and genetic control of immunoglobulins. PMID- 806815 TI - Metabolism and autoradiographic distribution of delta-8- and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol in some organs of the monkey Callithrix jacchus. AB - Metabolism and autoradiographic distribution of the two isomeric tetrahydrocannabinols, (2,4-14-C)-delta-8-THC and (2,4-14-C)-delta-9-THC, were studied in the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Of the two cannabinoids, delta-8-THC had a slower initial rate of biotransformation to the psychopharmacologically more potent 11-hydroxylated metabolite. This may explain the minor psychopharmacological activity of the delta-8-isomer. In glandular tissues an accumulation of unchanged delta-9-THC was observed. Autoradiography revealed characteristic label distributions in some organs 30 min after the administration of the drugs. This labelling pattern was found to be changed after a 6-hr incorporation period. The autoradiographic distribution of delta-8 and delta-9 THC appeared to be identical. PMID- 806817 TI - Proceedings: The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on porphyrin synthesis in rat liver. PMID- 806816 TI - Influence of glyceryl trinitrate on force of contraction and action potential of guinea-pig myocardium. AB - 1. The inotropic effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was studied in guinea-pig papillary muscles and atrial strips by analysing the isometric contraction curve and the monophasic action potential (AP). 2. GTN, 7X10(-5)M in papillary muscles and at 1.4x10(-4)M in atrial strips. The maximum of the contractile force was reached in both preparations at 2x10(-4)M GTN. Positive inotropic effects were transitory (3--5 min) and were followed by marked negative inotropic effects. 3. In the presence of GTN, only 15 of 26 papillary muscles showed a positive inotropic response and there was a great variance in its intensity. Prior exposure of papillary muscles to a low GTN concentration, which by itself reduced force of contraction (like every single GTN application), was the prereqch by itself reduced force of contraction (like every single GTN application), was the prerequisite for the positive inotropic effect of a subsequent higher GTN concentration. In atrial strips the positive inotropic action was consistent and uniform. The maximum force of contraction in response to single applications of GTN was only about 50% of that in response to cumulatively increased GTN concentrations. 4. In the presence of 5x10(-4)M GTN, the tyramine concentration effect curve was shifted to the left (by one log unit at the ED50 level). 5. Beta Adrenoceptor blockade by(+/-)-propranolol (5x10(-6)M) or noradrenaline depletion by pretreatment of the animals with reserpine (5 mg/kg, 18--22 hrs prior to the experiment)prevented the positive inotropic effects of GTN in both preparations. Hence, the GTN-induced increase in contractile force is induced by the liberation of noradrenaline and an inhibitory effect on the monoamine oxidase (MAO) of sympathetic nerve endings might be involved. 6. In atrial preparations exposed to 5x10(-4)M GTN, time to peak force (tu) and relaxation time(t2) were shortened by 12% and 33%, respectively. Pretreatment of the animals with reserpine prevented the shortening og t1 and changed the shortening of t2 from 33% to 19%. 7. In papillary muscles, 5x10(-4) M GTN shortened t1 by 10%, while t2 was prolonged by 17% in noradrenaline-depleted, and by 36% in control muscles. Prolongation of t2 at 5x10(-4)M GTN was accompanied by an increase in the duration of the monophasic action patential (AP) in reserpine-pretreated as well as in control muscles by 12% and 26%, respectively (measured at 90% repolarization). The same GTN concentration slowed the maximum rate of depolarisiation by 32%. After 35 min the AP returned to approximately the control value. In the presence of 5x10(-4) M GTN, noradrenalin (1x10(-5)M) lengthened the AP by 38% in both, control muscles and noradrenaline-depleted preparations. PMID- 806818 TI - Proceedings: Inhibition of mast cell degranulation and suppression of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions in rats. PMID- 806819 TI - Proceedings: Influence of heparin on diamine oxidase (histaminase) in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. PMID- 806820 TI - Proceedings: Solubilization and purification of native guinea pig liver diamine oxidase (histaminase). PMID- 806821 TI - [Clinical significance of immunoglobulin E (IgE). I. IgE and reagin activity]. PMID- 806822 TI - [A study of the importance of the withdrawal site of gonococcal cultures for the diagnosis of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 806823 TI - [Spontaneous bilateral bimalleolar fracture in a diabetic patient with visceral neuropathy]. PMID- 806825 TI - The role of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. PMID- 806826 TI - The selection of plasma volume expanders for resuscitation following trauma: a review. PMID- 806824 TI - Action of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (lrf) in the initiation of lordosis behavior in the estrone-primed ovariectomized female rat. AB - In order to evaluate the precise role of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) in mediating the onset of sexual behavior, the specificity, time-course, and dose-response relationship of LRF-facilitated lordosis behavior were determined. Ovariectomized female rats, pretreated with estrone and LRF, displayed a pattern of lordosis behavior which differed little from that produced by estrone-progesterone. Little if any lordosis behavior was observed in response to LRF alone, estrone alone, or estrone in combination with luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF). Furthermore, LRF-induced lordosis behavior occurred in the absence of the adrenals, thus eliminating adrenal progesterone as a factor in facilitating the appearnce of lordosis behavior. The LRF-facilitated lordosis behavior was seen 2 h after the injection of LRF and was maintained for a total of 8 h. A minimal dose of 150 ng LRF was required to initiate the first consistent appearance of lordosis behavior; the maximum response was obtained with 500 ng. It is thus suggested that LRF is not only responsible for the ovulatory discharge of LH and subsequent ovulation, but may also play a role in the initiation of the onset of mating behavior in the female rat. PMID- 806827 TI - Suicide attempts: an examination of occurrence, psychiatric intervention, and outcome. PMID- 806828 TI - Alcoholism in Navy and Marine Corps women: a first look. PMID- 806829 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 806830 TI - The prevalence of alcoholism in a military hospital. PMID- 806831 TI - Determination of radiation reduction to the lens during polymography of the petrous pyramid. PMID- 806832 TI - Aorto-esophageal fistula due to foreign body: report of two cases. PMID- 806833 TI - Editorial: subspecialty training. PMID- 806834 TI - Hearing screening in a veteran's hospital: a two-year study. PMID- 806835 TI - Clostridial myonecrosis: the constant menace. PMID- 806836 TI - Heat stroke: a report of 13 consecutive cases without mortality despite severe hyperpyrexia and neurologic dysfunction. PMID- 806837 TI - Frozen blood shipping. PMID- 806838 TI - The tast of commercially available supplemental elemental diets. PMID- 806839 TI - Population trends: a historical review and projection as to its effects on Veterinary Medicine. PMID- 806840 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in major gynecologic surgery. PMID- 806841 TI - Combat zone adjustment: the role of marihuana test. PMID- 806842 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 806843 TI - Drug abuse prevention in the military: a punitive/administrative action approach. PMID- 806844 TI - Personal memories of Colonel William L. Keller, army officer and master surgeon. PMID- 806845 TI - Editorial: Fractures of the calcaneus. PMID- 806846 TI - The tumor board: is it worth saving? PMID- 806847 TI - A survey of the background characteristics of 2,000 laryngectomees: a preliminary report. PMID- 806848 TI - Centrifuge techniques in the preparation of malaria thin blood smears. PMID- 806849 TI - Acute appendicitis in the first sixty months of life. PMID- 806850 TI - Unexpected injury in a navy recruit environment: an accident study. PMID- 806851 TI - The epileptic trainee: is he coming to stay? PMID- 806852 TI - "Macrostress" claudication: case reports. PMID- 806853 TI - [Preliminary observations on the use of oxyfedrine in the therapy of angina pectoris]. PMID- 806854 TI - [Clinical experiences with the vascular action of dihydroergocristine]. PMID- 806855 TI - [Pre-, intra- and post-operative problems in a new therapeutic trend in the Pierre Robin syndrome]. PMID- 806856 TI - [Computer study of the biologico-environmental characteristics of patients with breast cancer]. PMID- 806857 TI - [Studies of dyserythropoietic conditions and anemias]. PMID- 806858 TI - Heights and weights of children in Southern Tunisia. PMID- 806859 TI - Hyperosmolar aglycosurial diabetic coma without katoacidosis. PMID- 806861 TI - The effectiveness of common office disinfection procedures for gutta-percha and silver points. PMID- 806860 TI - Attitudes of the public to medical care: Part 4. Generalpractitioner services. AB - A number of questions were asked concerning general practitioner services. These questions dealt with utilisation, financial arrangements and satisfaction with various aspects of the service, and also with possible changes in the financing of general practitioner services. Nineteen out of 20 respondents had a doctor they recognised as their personal or family doctor and generally members of the same family attended the same doctor. A change of address of doctor or patient was the most common reason for a change of doctor. There appears to be some differences in the pattern of practice between Auckland and Dunedin, house calls being less in Auckland although the total number of patient-doctor contacts in the two cities is much the same. There are some interesting age differences in the distribution of consultations at surgery and at home. There is little enthusiasm for major changes in the financing of the general practitioner services except for some extension of special groups who should receive extra financial assistance from the government. Satisfaction with general practitioners' service is high but there are some specific aspects which could, from the patient's viewpoint, be improved. Reference has already been made to the research philosophy and the survey design (Dixon and others, 1974). In the section of the survey dealing with general practitioner services a total of 20 questions were asked. Five dealt with utilisation of general practitioner services by the respondent and the respondent's household; 12 questions dealt with financing of general practitioner services and three questions with satisfaction with various aspects of general practitioner services. PMID- 806862 TI - Cortical excision as a supplementary treatment for epilepsy. PMID- 806863 TI - [Transferrins in rabbit ocular fluids]. AB - A study of transferrins in serum, aqueous humour, and vitreous in the rabbit suggests that the three proteins are immunologically identical. Electrophoretic and enzymatic analyses indicated that the serum and aqueous transferrin, as well as an important part of that of the vitreous, have two residues of sialic acid per molecule. The remainder of the vitreous transferrin contains little or no sialic acid. The transfferin level in the ocular media appears to depend partly on a local synthesis in the posterior segment; this is confirmed by a study of the specific activity of 125-I transferrin after intravenous injection of this labelled protein. PMID- 806864 TI - Lead poisoning with pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Review of the literature and report of a case. AB - Some general aspects of the pathogenesis and the clinical and oral symptoms of chronic lead intoxication are presented. Treatment procedures are briefly discussed. The case of a patient suffering from plumbism is described. A typical Burtonian line was present in the mouth. By electron microprobe analysis, it was shown that this line was mainly the result of lead and, to a minor extent, the result of mercury-, copper-, and iron-bearing pigment in the subepithelial tissue. PMID- 806865 TI - Mandibular metastasis of osteogenic sarcoma. Report of a case. AB - Metastasis of osteogenic sarcoma to the mandible is extremely rare. A case of mandibular metastasis of an osteogenic sarcoma of the left fibula is presented. The patient, a 17-year-old Japanese girl, was suffering from a metastatic gingival tumor, 3 by 5 cm. in size, with ulceration. Eventually, there were multiple metastases not only to the mandible but also to the thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, zygomatic bone, clavicle, sternum, humerus, rib, femur, tibia, lung, and meninges. PMID- 806866 TI - [Morphogenesis of idiopathic form of scoliosis]. PMID- 806867 TI - [Immunochemical studies of monoclonal gammapathies: anachronism or research prospectives?]. PMID- 806868 TI - [Quantitative study of components of various protein mixtures by antibody radial immunodiffusion method]. PMID- 806869 TI - [Data on the radial immunodiffusion method]. PMID- 806870 TI - [Experimental gastric ulcer (experimental model for human peptic ulcer)]. PMID- 806871 TI - [Function and resorption of the region of the small intestine with reference to an extensive resection]. AB - The function of the small intestine before and after extensive resection is dealt with on the basis of infant metabolism under normal and pathological conditions. As a result of the changed absorption conditions in such children, application of parenteral feeding, stepwise establishment of oral feeding using the building-up and cure diets which are available and compensation of long-term losses are necessary. The feasibility of testing the changed absorption conditions is mentioned. PMID- 806873 TI - [Subtotal resection of the small intestine in newborn infants and infants. Results of an inquiry]. AB - A circular was sent to eight clinics and 36 cases of children with extensive resections of the small intestine are reported. The reasons for the resections of the intestine were atresia and stenosis in the largest number of cases, then volvulus and lastly necrotizing enteritis. The residual intestine was measured with the measuring tape in only eight cases. The method of measurement in the other cases was not given. Surgery was unilateral in 26 cases and bilateral in ten. Surgical measures to slow passage were not used. The most frequent single causes of death were sepsis or pulmonary complications. The cause of death was a true malabsorption in only two cases. The main difficulties in the postoperative phase are ensuring adequate parenteral uptake of calories and the complications due to cava-catheter sepsis. PMID- 806872 TI - [Extensive resection of the small intestine, (case report)]. AB - For various reasons extensive resection of the intestine had to be undertaken in five neonates. The lengths of the residual intestine were 33, 40, 49, 60 and 65 cm. Two children died of sepsis, one of pneumonia, one is still living after six years and one is still alive after four months. There is a danger that the cava catheter may give rise to sepsis. PMID- 806874 TI - [Clinical results of an extensive gut resection in newborn infants]. AB - Clinical experience over the last 20 years in neonates and infants with the short gut syndrome is reviewed. In this period there has been considerable development with respect to the problem. Today one can say that, basically, all children (even those with only a few cm of small intestine) can be kept alive by means of parenteral nutrition. Further life is only possible and meaningful if the child can adapt itself to the new situation. This is usually no problem if more than 50 cm of small intestine remains. Surgical methods of slowing the passage through the gut and of improving absorption have proved failures; transplantation of small intestine offers new prospects. For children to adapt to peroral feeding it is important that this be introduced stepwise with "gradual" diet. PMID- 806875 TI - [Dietetic adaptation with semi-digested food--parenteral nutrition, chemically defined diet, formula diet]. AB - The fundamentals of parenteral nutrition and the possibilities of oral nutrition with chemically defined diets are described. The possibilities are discussed against the background of a review of nutritional pathophysiology and the use of the available preparations set out. PMID- 806876 TI - [Nosema sp. in white rats]. AB - In 14 days after the intraperitoneal infection of mice with 30% brain emulsion of white mice or of newly-born rats in the peritoneal liquid there were found spores of Nosema sp. 5.37 plus or minus 0.88 x 3.04 plus or minus 0.07 in size. The subsequent attempts to passage this organism on the mice by adminestering into them the suspension from the brain and internal organs of infected animals yielded ho results. The material for diagnosing on microsporidians of mammals is being discussed. PMID- 806877 TI - In vitro testing of thyroid function: a review. AB - Triiodothyronine (T(3)) is the major thyroid hormone and thyroxine (T(4)) may be only a "prohormone". A normal serum T(3) concentration can compensate for a low serum T(4) to maintain euthyroidism and on the other hand hyperthyroidism can exist in spite of a normal T(4) if the T(3) concentration is increased ("T(3) toxicosis"). A raised serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is the present most sensitive indicator of thyroidal hypothyroidism and the level can be used to titrate replacement therapy to the individual's own requirements. TSH concentration is classically low in hypothyroidism secondary to pituitary or to hypothalamic disorder and synthetic thyrotrophin release hormone can then be used to identify which of these two sites is at fault. Thyroxine is the best form of thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism because it produces more consistently physiological concentrations of T(3). Full replacement is achieved with 0.1 - 0.2 mg of T(4)/day and doses above this, as formerly widely used, may cause over replacement. New reliable kit tests are available which give in one quick procedure a measure of free-thyroxine even in the presence of abnormalities of protein-binding. These kit tests are suitable for the routine screening of the whole spectrum of thyroid dysfunction and when combined, in appropriate instances, with radioimmunoassay procedures for serum T(3) and TSH, provide a battery of tests which will help in the diagnosis of the great majority of causes of thyroid dysfunction. PMID- 806879 TI - [Coexistence of congenital heart disease and ocular malformation]. PMID- 806878 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 806880 TI - [Various forms of Recklinghausen's disease in a family]. PMID- 806881 TI - Measles immunization status in 1972 among first- and second-grade school children in Danbury, Connecticut. AB - An increased incidence of rubeola among first-grade Danbury school children in 1973 led to a study of seroimmunity to rubeola in a random sample of 60% of the first- and second-grade school children (299) from whom blood samples had been obtained in October 1972 during a voluntary meningococcal vaccination program. Immunization histories derived from physicians' statements on school entry were obtained from school health department records and included date of immunization. Seventy-five percent of the study group had received measles vaccine. Of those immunized prior to 11 months of age only half had an hemagglutinating inhibiting titer (HAI) of greater than or equal to 5 five to seven years later. This antibody level correlates with immunity. Eighty-five to ninety percent of those immunized during or after the 11th month had an antibody titer of greater than or equal to 5. Seventy-one percent of those never immunized also had an HAI titer of greater than or equal to 5 indicating natural infection had occurred. As a result of this investigation, a community-wide program was initiated to vaccinate those who were more than 1 year old as well as reimmunize those who had been vaccinated before the 11th month in accord with current U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for measles immunization. PMID- 806882 TI - Duodenal perforation: a rare complication of neonatal nasojejunal tube feeding. AB - Continuous nasojejunal drip is a common method of feeding low-birthweight neonates because it is relatively free of complications and provides nutritional requirements. We recently encountered a case of duodenal perforation caused by a feeding catheter. Recommendations are made that can prevent this complication in the future. PMID- 806883 TI - Brucellosis in childhood. AB - Brucellosis has always been an unusual disease in children and, concomitant with the control of the disease in domestic animals, reports have become sparse. The pediatrician, therefore, may not be aware of the protean clinical manifestations of childhood brucellosis. In 1973, nine cases occurred during a three-month period in El Paso, Texas. All cases were marked by spiking fevers and lethargy of four days to four weeks in duration. Tender hepatomegaly or splenomegaly was striking in seven patients. Other characteristics included epistaxis, arthralgia, myalgia, and weight loss. Leukopenia and leukemoid reaction were found in five patients. All of the patients tested had elevated liver enzymes. Febrile agglutinins were invaluable in screening for an early clue to diagnosis. When Brucella abortus antigen agglutinated serum from patients with a positive screen in dilutions greater than 1:320, a presumptive diagnosis of brucellosis was made. Brucella was isolated from the blood or bone marrow in seven patients and the time of incubation proved crucial for successful recovery. Bacterial blood cultures are usually discarded at ten days of age, as were cultures from the only two patients from whom the organism was not recovered. All of the cultures incubated for 12 to 15 days grew B. melitensis, an unusual causative species in the United States. However, several patients admitted eating cheese from the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, made from unpasteurized goat's milk, the presumed source of the infection. Within one to three days, all patients responded dramatically to antibiotics; tetracycline was given orally for 21 days and streptomycin intramuscularly for 14 days. Pediatricians caring for patients in areas where consumption of unpasteurized milk products is likely would do well to consider brucellosis in a child with obscure fever or toxic hepatosplenomegaly. PMID- 806884 TI - Relationship between compatible and incompatible isoantigenic combinations by type-specific (RHESUS) AND GROUP (ABO) blood antigens in dead fetuses at different stages of development, dead newborn infants and their mothers. PMID- 806885 TI - Significance of leukocyte incompatibility of mother and fetus in the pathology of newborn infants. PMID- 806886 TI - Immunoglobulin level in healthy newborn infants. PMID- 806887 TI - Release of adenosine and lack of release of ATP from contracting skeletal muscle. AB - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been suggested as a mediator of active hyperemia and its levels have been reported to increase in the venous plasma from contracting skeletal muscle. However, the source of the ATP is unknown. The present study indicates that a large portion of the plasma ATP is released from the formed elements of blood when the blood is collected in the presence of EDTA. When EDTA was added to blood that was previously incubated at 37 degrees C for 5 min to destroy all free ATP, the ATP level was 0.57 plus or minus 0.12 (plus or minus S.E.) nmoles/ml. However, it was possible to detect exogenously added ATP only when blood samples were collected into EDTA; collection into saline or citrate afforded no protection against ATP degradation by the ATPases of the blood. In dog hindlimb preparations perfused at constant flow or constant pressure, the venous plasma ATP of blood collected in the presence of EDTA exhibited no consistent increase during or following tetanic contraction of the muscles. In isolated, perfused rat hindlimbs, no ATP was detectable in the venous effluents from resting or contracting muscles (ATP smaller than 0.08 nmoles/ml). However, the levels of adenosine in the venous effluents were greater in contracting than in resting hindlimbs. The data indicate that it is not possible to make valid determinations of plasma ATP levels and thus, one cannot determine the role of ATP in active hyperemia based on these data. However, the currently available data from isolated muscle preparations do not support the concept that ATP is released from contracting skeletal muscle, and therefore, it is unlikely that ATP is a mediator of the metabolically-linked local regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow. The enhanced release of adenosine from contracting rat hindlimb muscles may indicate a role for this nucleoside in the regulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle. PMID- 806888 TI - Permeability pathways for non-electrolytes through Bufo bufo gall-bladder. AB - Amphotericin B treatment increases the thiourea, D-xylose and mannitol fluxes and lowers those of urea, N-methyl-urea, acetamide, formamide, and N-N'-dimethyl thiourea. The degree of flux inhibition is related to the cellular permeability of these compounds. Most probably Amphotericin B increases the permeability of all those molecules across the luminal plasma membrane, but simultaneously elicits a cellular swelling, which reduces the diffusion across the lateral plasma membranes. This effect masks the polyene effect especially for molecules showing a mainly cellular permeation pathway such as amides and lipid soluble molecules. PMID- 806889 TI - [Radiotherapy of the carcinoma of the uterine cervix by the external irradiation using conformation technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 806890 TI - [Percutaneous external and internal drainage of biliary tract with special reference to technique and diagnostic evaluation of follow-up cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 806891 TI - The impact of these climates on citizens who are recipients of health care. Who are the recipients of health care? PMID- 806892 TI - Team health care - cliche or reality. The nursing home setting. PMID- 806893 TI - Social Security Administration. PMID- 806894 TI - [Equilibration of the treatment of severe arterial hypertension. Significance of d-1 propranolol]. PMID- 806895 TI - [Letter: Pseudomonas aeruginosa orchitis and untimely antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 806896 TI - [Gamma heavy chain disease. A new case]. AB - Description of a case presenting as an inflammatory polyarthritis. A uterine sarcoma was detected one year later and led to the death of the patient. The abnormal protein belonged to the gammal subclass. Biosynthesis experiments, performed on the marrow plasma cells, showed that light chains were not produced and that the molecular weight of the monomeric unit of the serum protein was slightly smaller than that of the protein secreted in vitro, suggesting the occurrence of a secondary and limited extracellular proteolysis. PMID- 806897 TI - [Letter: A case of fat embolism during prolonged parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 806898 TI - [Kappa chain disease and Fanconi's syndrome of the adult]. PMID- 806899 TI - A preliminary study of iron absorption by whole body counting and correlation with DFO excretion. AB - A preliminary study of iron absorption by whole body counting was carried on a group of 16 women. The cases included 8 patients suffering from iron deficiency anaemia and various infections as well as 8 healthy controls. High iron absorption is associated with iron deficiency, these changes being more marked in iron deficient controls than in those with infection or malignancy. In iron deficient controls results of whole body counting correlate very well with other haematological investigations. PMID- 806901 TI - The alcoholisms-8. The treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 806900 TI - Ionic strength effects on the stability and conformation of Penicillium chrysogenum mycophage double stranded RNA. AB - The effect of [Na+] on the stability and conformation of penicillium chrysogenum mycophage dsRNA (PCMdsRNA) was investigated using CD and UV optical techniques. Thermal melting profiles reveal prominent fine structure attributed to at least four regions of structural dissimilarity. A constant increased thermal stability of the dsRNA compared to DNA of the same base composition was observed over a concentration range of 1.5 times 10- minus 4 M to 4.5 times 10- minus 2 M Na+. At low ionic strengths ([Na+] less than 10- minus 3 M) Tm becomes independent of further decrease in [Na+] unless the dsRNA is exposed to high concentrations of EDTA, suggesting the involvement to tightly bound divalent cation. At relatively high ionic strengths ([Na+] greater than 0.1 M) a postulated A leads to A' ... conformation change occurs. PMID- 806902 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 806903 TI - [Esophageal diverticula]. PMID- 806904 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in urological patients]. PMID- 806905 TI - Venereal disease in adolescents. PMID- 806906 TI - Lipid abnormalities in adolescence and later life. PMID- 806907 TI - The prevalence of asymptomatic urinary-tract infection in pre-school children. AB - Urine samples from 1000 pre-school children aged 4 weeks to 5 years, attending welfare centres, nursery schools or day nurseries in one London borough, were cultured by the dip-slide method. Five children had asymptomatic bacteriuria, a prevalence of 0-5 per cent. The need for screening the urine of pre-school children is discussed. PMID- 806908 TI - Adverse reactions to local anaesthetics and vasoconstrictor drugs. PMID- 806909 TI - [Acute and chronic hepatitis (part 1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 806910 TI - [Determination of the activity of the process in pulmonary tuberculoma]. PMID- 806911 TI - [Effect of cycloserine and terizidon on intracellular reproduction of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 806912 TI - The effect of overfeeding on normal adult rats. PMID- 806913 TI - The effect of age on the blood and liver folate concentrations of laboratory animals. PMID- 806914 TI - The digestibility and availability of lysine and methionine in isolated soya-bean protein after severe heat damage. PMID- 806915 TI - Changes in anthropometric measurements of children recovering from protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 806916 TI - High dietary fat, elevation of rat serum prolactin and mammary cancer. AB - We investigated the concept that the enhanced development of DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in rats fed a high fat diet might be mediated by prolactin via the hypothalamic-pituitary system rather than by a direct effect of a fat on the mammary gland itself. Prolactin levels in serum from female Sprague-Dawley rats fed high (20%) and low (0.5%) lard diets for 2 and 5 mo were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels in rats at proestrus-estrus on high-lard diets were significantly higher (250 ng/ml) than those on a low lard diet (100 ng/ml). At metestrus-diestrus prolactin levels were approximately 50 ng/ml regardless of diet. Thus, the tumor-enhancing effect of a high fat diet may be indirect and mediated by neuro-hormonal changes in the hypothalamic centers controlling prolactin synthesis and secretion. PMID- 806917 TI - Serum calcium and hepatic Kupffer cell phagocytosis. AB - Serum calcium can markedly influence the phagocytic activity of the hepatic Kupffer cell. Specifically, depletion of calcium by chelator induced impairment of phagocytosis but elevation of serum calcium levels above normal leads to a progressive inhibition of phagocytosis. The findings suggest that alterations of serum calcium may induce significant R.E.S. functional changes which may produce a state of altered host resistance. The relationship of these observation to disturbances of the macrophage system during mealignancy, which is known for its ability to alter dramatically the serum calcium concentration warrants further investigation. PMID- 806918 TI - T and B lymphocyte rosetting in undernourished children. AB - T and B lymphocyte rosetting values were obtained for 18 children with kwashiorkor, marasmus, or nutritional edema. T cell values were subnormal in all malnutrition classes, but were lowest in children with kwashiorkor. Four of five malnourished children who were sensitized with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) before refeeding failed to respond to repeated subsequent challenges; five of six children who were sensitized after refeeding responded strongly to the first challenge. PMID- 806919 TI - Calcium-binding protein: its cellular localization in jejunum, kidney and pancreas. AB - Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was localized with peroxidase-labeled antibody in human jejunum and kidney, and in kidney and pacreas of several animal species. The protein was associated with plasma membrane and intercellular space of jejunal absorptive cells. It was present in a specific population of renal tubule cells and in pancreatic islet cells. Immunohistochemical staining of intestinal CaBP with antibody to renal CaBP indicates structural similarity between the two proteins despite their different molecular weight. PMID- 806920 TI - TRH-stimulation of prolactin release from bovine pituitary cells. AB - Bovine anterior pituitaries were dispersed with collagenase and the cells grown to monolayers. On day 3 or 4 or culture, cells (4 flasks/treatment group) were incubated for 2 hr with TC medium 199, then with TC medium 199 containing thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) for 2 hr. Relative to to values during the first 2-hr incubation, prolactin concentration in media from cow pituitary cell cultures exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 or 10.0 ng TRH/ml medium average -23, 799, 1966, 1926 and 1976 ng/ml. Relative to control, each dose of TRH increased (P less than 0.01) media prolactin concentration. Comparable values for growth hormones were -5, 9, 12, 21, and 21 ng/ml and the increase in growth hormone release relative to controls was significant (P less than 0.05). A second experiment, designed to determine whether TRH would increase prolactin release by pituitary cells from cows, steers and a bull was conducted using the same procedures. Changes in media prolactin concentration (ng/ml) after 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ng TRH/ml medium was -27, 63, 109, 207, 226 and 137 for cows and -14, 13, 36, 153, 166 and 80 for steers. After 0.0, 10 and 100 ng TRH/ml medium comparable values for a bull were -6, 14 and 31 ng/ml. Growth hormone (ng/ml) in these media was not different from controls. We conclude that TRH stimulates prolactin release from pituitary cells of cows, steers and bulls but its effect on growth hormone release is not consistent. PMID- 806921 TI - Effect of postnatal malnutrition on plasma corticosteroid levels in male albino rats. AB - Basal morning plasma corticosteroid concentrations were significantly elevated in 11 and 21 day old male albino rats suckled by dams receiving a 12% casein diet when compared to control rats suckled by dams receiving a 25% casein diet. Rats which were either well-fed or malnourished during lactation then given a 9% casein after weaning had elevated corticosteroid levels and adrenal hypertrophy at 49 days of age. These changes may be related to altered adrenocortical responsivity found in adult rats malnourished in infancy. PMID- 806923 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on plasma glucocorticoids and thyroxine in cattle. AB - The repeated systemic infusion of TRH (200 mug, twice daily) was effective in repeatedly elevating plasma T4 levels (20-40 min postinfusion) for the 3 experimental days. The post-TRH treatment (saline infusion) exhibited a depression of plasma thyroxine levels, possibly explained by previous high thyroxine levels exerting a suppressive effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis. A depression of plasma glucocorticoid levels was shown within 1 hr in both experiments after TRH administration. The results indicate that TRH administration (systemic) is effective in temporarily elevating thyroxine levels and simultaneously lowering plasma glucocorticoids in cattle. PMID- 806922 TI - The humoral response to DNCB: its detection by different techniques. AB - Antibodies in the sera of guinea pigs immunized with DNCB were detected by Ouchterlony-type analyses and were estimated in weight units by the mABC procedure. Assays of these sera by means of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, passive hemolysis, or the ABC-33 antigen-binding technique were essentially negative. The validity of the mABC analyses was established by comparison of results obtained in quantitative precipitation studies with sera of guinea pigs immunized with DNP-BGG. In these instances, also, the ABC-33 assays failed to detect all the anti-DNP immunoglobulins. PMID- 806924 TI - Radioimmunoassay for rhesus monkey gonadotropins. AB - Heterologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay methods are described for the measurement of circulating levels of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) FSH and LH; the latter assay is also applicable to rhesus chorionic gonadotropin (CG) estimations. The FSH assay utilizes purified rat FSH for trace, either of two anti-human FSH antisera and a semipurified rhesus pituitary standard. The LH assay utilizes purified ovine LH for trace, an anti-human CG antiserum and the same rhesus pituitary standard. The use of these systems obviates the necessity of purifying rhesus gonadotropins which are required for the development of homologous radioimmunoassay systems. PMID- 806925 TI - Biological activation of virus-like particles from chemically induced Guinea pig sarcomas. PMID- 806927 TI - Recent developments in the study of the columnar arrangement of neurons within the motor cortex. PMID- 806926 TI - New multi-purpose chemitrodes for electrical and chemical stimulation or localized perfusion of the brain. AB - The design and construction of two sizes of bipolar chemitrodes are described for stimulating directly a single site in the brain of a rat, cat, monkey or other animal. These chemitrodes are used for the injection of a drug at the same time that electrical stimulation is applied, or for the localized push-pull perfusion of the same locus. They also permit the recording of electrical potentials at the tip of the guide tube. The chemitrodes may be implanted chronically for the purpose of examining the relationship between chemically and electrically elicited responses in the awake and unrestrained animal. PMID- 806928 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide on schedule-induced water and alcohol consumption in the squirrel monkey. AB - Lever pressing of five squirrel monkeys was maintained by a 3-min fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. 3 monkeys had water concurrently available and, for a second pair of monkeys, initially water, then increasing concentrations of alcohol (1--3% v/v) were present. Substantial amounts of post-pellet drinking occurred with all five monkeys. The amount of water ingested was approximately 100 ml per session, that of 3% alcohol nearly 63 ml. For the monkeys drinking alcohol, increasing concentrations of alcohol decreased both the rate of lever pressing and the volume of fluid consumed. Chlordiazepoxide (1.0--17.0 mg/kg) produced increases in lever pressing and in the schedule-induced consumption of both 3% alcohol and water. PMID- 806929 TI - Metabolic and dosimetric studies after inhalation of 227Th in rats with regard to the risk of lung and bone tumors. AB - 227Th (alpha-emitter, half-life 18.7 days) was inhaled by rats from solution in nitrate form. Organ doses were calculated after whole body measurements and measuring of activity concentrations in the organs over a longer incorporation period. An initial deposition of 100 nCi 227Th in the lung resulted in mean total doses of 150 rad in lung and 36 rad in bone. The data for kidney and liver were 2 rad and 0.1 rad, respectively. For long-term experiments two dosages were applied to two groups of animals with mean values of 900 rad and 300 rad in the lung. The consequences for lung and bone tumor induction are discussed. PMID- 806930 TI - Radiation sensitivity of Bacillus megaterium spores in the presence of Co(III)complexes. PMID- 806931 TI - [Activity of certain enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and of their inhibitors under the effect of radiation and thiophosphamide]. PMID- 806932 TI - [Changes of the activity of blood carboanhydrase under the effect of the increased oxygen tension on the irradiated body]. PMID- 806933 TI - [Combined action of taurine and cations of certain metals on post-radiation survival of monkey's heart cell culture]. PMID- 806934 TI - Adriamycin cardiomyopathy: enhanced cardiac damage in rabbits with combined drug and cardiac irradiation. AB - Rabbits received either (a) no treatment; (b) a single radiation dose; (c) protracted low-dose Adriamycin; (d) combined cardiac irradiation and low-dose Adriamycin; or (e) protracted high-dose Adriamycin. More severe myocardial lesions (similar to those in high-dose Adriamycin groups) developed in rabbits receiving combined treatment. Pericardial effusions and fibrosis were more common in the combined treatment group. PMID- 806935 TI - "Measurements of surface dose using build-up curves" obtained with an extrapolation chamber. AB - Surface dose was measured in an extrapolation chamber and was found to be less than previously reported. The slope of the build-up curve was less steep with the Clinac 4 than with 60-Co and much steeper with the Clinac 35 at 25 MV than with the betatron at the same energy. The gradient of the depth-dose curve in the build-up region is probably the best indicator of skin damage. PMID- 806937 TI - Extended field treatment flatness filter for 4 MV linear accelerators. AB - An auxiliary flatness filter for large field treatment on 4 MV linear accelerator provides an isodose distribution which does not vary more than 6% over the central 80% of the axis of a 32 x 32-cm field at 80 cm in air, and at a 2.5, 6, and 12-cm depth in water. This lead disc filter does not affect the central axis depth dose values, and results in only a 16% reduction in dose rate on the central field axis. PMID- 806936 TI - Accessory beam flattening filter for the varian clinac-4 linear accelerator. AB - An accessory beam flattening filter (brass disk with critical angles) attaches to the shadow tray of the clinac-4 linear accelerator, intercepts the x-ray beam, and eliminates higher dose areas at the edges of large fields near the skin surface. This improves the x-ray beam dose distribution within the patient and results in a reduction of dose to normal tissues near the surface. PMID- 806938 TI - The routine air-contrast examination of the esophagus. AB - An air-contrast technique of the esophagus is described. It is simple to perform routinely prior to an upper gastrointestinal study, can reveal unsuspected small lesions, does not lead to excessive dilution of the barium, and can be done just prior to obtaining air-contrast views of the stomach. PMID- 806939 TI - [Drug resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Gdansk Province]. PMID- 806940 TI - [Renal involvement in IgM monoclonal gammathies]. PMID- 806941 TI - [Thyroid function in diabetes and its relation to autoimmune processes]. PMID- 806942 TI - [Diverticuli of the infundibulum of the choledochus]. PMID- 806943 TI - [Synovial permeability to plasma proteins: indirect evaluation on the basis of the value of the synovial fluid/serum ratio]. PMID- 806944 TI - Quantitative studies on bovine immunoglobulins, normal plasma levels of IgG2, IgG1, IgM and IgA. AB - Using monospecific sheep antisera, the mean plasma immunoglobulin concentrations in 82 Ayrshire milking cows were found, by the single radial diffusion method, to be: IgG2 10-91 plus or minus 4-30, IgG1 9-76 plus or minus 2-59 and IgM 2-71 plus or minus 1-22 mg/ml (plus or minus SD). IgA levels in the same group of 82 cows were determined by a simple, sensitive coated tube radioimmunoassay and had a mean value of 0-32 plus or minus 0-16 mg/ml. The frequency distributions of IgG1, IgM and IgA were approximately log normal, whereas that of IgG2 was bimodal with two populations with means of approximately 7 and 14 mg/ml. An 18-fold difference was found between high and low IgG2 levels whereas only three- to four-fold differences were recorded for IgG1 levels in the same population. Eight-fold differences were found for IgM and IgA levels. The effect of age (2-9 years) on sampling could be disregarded for IgG1, IgG, IgM and IgA levels, but cows above 6 years of age had significantly higher IgG2 levels. PMID- 806945 TI - Immunoglobulin A in some avian species other than the fowl. AB - In immunodiffusion tests rabbit and pheasant antisera monospecific for fowl IgA detected a cross-reacting homologous protein in sera and/or secretions (saliva and bile) of pheasant, Japanese quail, guinea fowl, turkey and pigeon. Negative findings with duck samples do not preclude the occurrence of a similar immunoglobulin class in that species. PMID- 806946 TI - Mucocililary activity in the respiratory tract as influenced by prostaglandin E. AB - Evidence is presented from in vitro experiments in over 1,100 animals that the long accepted hypothesis of a continuous tracheobronchial mucus blanket is untenable, since mucus is transported in the form of flakes, plaques and continuous streams. It is proposed that a liquid of low viscosity lies between the cilia and covers their tips. This liquid is either not transported or very slowly so. Mucus flakes and plaques are transported by the tips of the cilia over this interciliary liquid. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in low concentrations caused lysis of stagnant flakes and plaques. In addition, it caused a marked increase in the quantity of the tracheobronchial fluid and no clear-cut effect on the rate of ciliary frequency. The possible involvement of adenyl cyclase in the response to PGE1 is discussed. PMID- 806947 TI - [Treatment of interstitial pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 806948 TI - [Fibroma of the thoracic wall developing on the site of reossification after thoracoplasty]. PMID- 806949 TI - [Action in vitro of associations of tuberculostatic drugs on strains of mycobacteria with multiple drug resistance]. PMID- 806950 TI - [Effect in vitro of some selective antibiotics (carbenicillin, gentamicin) on Psedumonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 806952 TI - [Editorial: Metabolic aspects of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 806951 TI - Lactose biosynthesis. PMID- 806953 TI - [Lipid metabolism in chronic Chagas's disease]. PMID- 806954 TI - [Phonocardiographic systolic parameters and complete atrioventricular block. Study in patients of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 806955 TI - [Systolic quotient of the left ventricle in the chronic form of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 806956 TI - [Presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in food]. PMID- 806957 TI - [Irregular agglutinins, hemolysins, antilymphocyte antibodies, serum anticomplementarity, human and species antiglobulins and cryoglobulins in a series of 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - An immunological investigation was carried out on 33 rheumatoid polyarthritis patients. The phenomena of antierythrocytes immunization were investigated by standard tests : irregular agglutinins, haemolysins, and auto-antibodies which all proved negative. The lymphocyte immunological phenomena were also studied. Cold (4 degrees C) lymphocytotoxins were shown in 8 patients, 5 of whom had anti lymphocyte auto-antibodies. The proportions of "sheep rosettes" were significantly reduced. The sera did not show notable anti-complementary activity. Studies on the human antiglobulins and on species antiglobulins were not very conclusive. Cryoglobulins were never detected. No clear correlation was found between these different tests and those of standard rheumatism serology. PMID- 806959 TI - A comparison between the changes in the distribution volumes of inulin and [51Cr]EDTA after major surgery. AB - In 12 patients undergoing major surgery the distribution volumes of inulin (V1) and [51Cr]EDTA (V-E) were measured simultaneously by a single injection technique the day before and the day after the operation. Preoperatively V-I was correlated to V-E, and both these volumes were correlated to the plasma volume (PV). Postoperatively only the correlation between V-I and PV was found. The changes in V-I and PV were significantly correlated, but there was no correlations between the changes in V-I and V-E or between the changes in these volumes and in the body weight. Inulin seems to be a better tracer than [51Cr]EDTA, but the lack of correlation between the changes in V-I and V-E and the changes in body weight raises some doubts as to the physiological significance of the measured changes. PMID- 806958 TI - [Lymphocytic subpopulations implicated in the rheumatoid rosette phenomenon]. AB - The significance of the phenomenon of rheumatoid rosettes (RR) was studied in 21 subjects suffering from rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP) and in 16 controls. Certain technical factors influenced the prevalence of RR. Thus the number of RR increased in the RP patients and the controls with increase in the number of sensitized 0 Rhesus - red corpuscules; nevertheless there was a significant difference between the results obtained with the RP patients and the controls. The length of incubation and the temperature played an important role: prolonged contact times (30 min to one night), particularly at 4C considerably increased the numbers of RR, which reached 10 per cent both, in the controls and in the RP patients. The separation of lymphocytes by filtration through nylon according to Greaves' technique was followed by a study of the T cells (E rosettes), the B cells (surface immunoglobulins), and the RR. In all cases (RP and controls), the numbers of RR increased after filtration through nylon which retained the B cells. Separation of the lymphocytes by the centrifuging of the E rosettes showed that the proportion of RR was clearly higher in a population rich in B lymphocytes and lower in a population rich in T lymphocytes. Futhermore, filtration through nylon of cell suspensions rich in B lymphocytes showed a considerable rise in the RR and parallel drop in the number of B cells. Reduction of the RR by centrifuging did not affect the numbers of T or B cells. In the light of these results, it seems that the cell responsible for the formation of the RR does not have the characteristics of either the T or the B lymphocytes: a lymphocyte carring a receptor for the fragment Fc of the immunoglobulins (K cells) could be involved. In this case, the RR should be related to the EA rosettes of which they perhaps represent and active fraction. PMID- 806960 TI - Antigen binding by non-bursa-derived chicken leukocytes. AB - Antigen-binding peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from normal and bursectomized agammaglobulinemic chickens were labeled by incubation in vitro with radioiodinated antigen at 4 degrees C in the presence of sodium azide. [125I]TGAL binding cells could be detected by autoradiography of PBL from normal, unimmunized chickens at a frequency of 1 to 4 labeled cells per 10(4) leukocytes. No [125I]TGAL-binding cells were found in PBL from bursectomized chickens, even after incubation with 25 mug/ml of labeled antigen followed by prolonged autoradiographic exposure. The binding to normal PBL was specific as judged by inhibition with unlabeled TGAL but not with unlabeled TIGAL. The binding was, furthermore, inhibited by preincubation with rabbit anti-chicken L chain antibody but unaffected by normal rabbit IgG. [125I]TIGAL was, in contrast, found to bind to PBL from both normal and bursectomized chickens at a frequency of 6 to 80 labeled cells per 10(4) leukocytes. The labeling was specific, since it was inhibited by cold TIGAL but not by cold TGAL. The binding of [125I]TIGAL to PBL from bursectomized chickens showed from none to slight inhibition on preincubation of the cells with anti-L chain antibody, whereas preincubation with normal rabbit IgG resulted in almost complete inhibition. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of antigen binding to PBL from agammaglobulinemic chickens. PMID- 806962 TI - Sequence variability of rabbit antibody light chains. Familial occurrence of n terminal sequence differences between b4 and b9 light chains. AB - Amino acid sequence analyses of the IgG light (L) chains from selected members of a rabbit family with allotypes b4 and b9 showed N-terminal substitutions that segregated with the b4 allotype. The L chains of allotype b4 had tyrosine at step 2, whereas this residue was absent from that step in the b9 L chains. Steps 12 and 13 of b4 L chains yielded a high percentage of glutamic acid, whereas a low percentage was observed for the b9 L chains. These tyrosine and glutamic acid substitutions were observed with the same frequency in L chains from homogeneous antibodies as in the L chains of the IgG samples. The data suggest that, in the family studied, separate and distinct V-region gene complexes are linked to the b4 and b9 allotypic genes. PMID- 806961 TI - Studies on fd fragments of human immunoglobulins. III. Immunogenic properties of gamma chains, myeloma fd gamma, and myeloma fd1 alpha. AB - Earlier studies on antisera against Fab of pooled human IgG and IgA myeloma proteins disclosed the presence of class-specific Fd antibodies, the demonstration of which required interaction of heavy and light chains. To extend our knowledge about the antigenic structure of the Fd fragment of human immunoglobulins, antisera were prepared in rabbits against gamma chains of pooled IgG and of four IgG1 myeloma proteins, and Fd gamma fragment and a cyanogen bromide-produced CH1 preparation of an IgG1 myeloma protein, and an Fd' alpha fragment of an IgA1 myeloma protein. No antigenic determinants exclusively confined to the CH1 region of intact human IgG could be demonstrated with these antisera. The antigenic structure of CH1 intact immunoglobulins may thus only be defined by light-chain-dependent determinants. PMID- 806963 TI - [Use of erythrocyte sediments in a regional hospital]. AB - At a medium sized hospital, efforts were made to economize therapeutic use of blood by replacing whole blood by cell concentrates with a hematocrit of 75%. Transfusion of red cell concentrates was increased from 5 to 30% within one year. The number of blood units transfused to individual patients was generally very small and it should therefore be possible to increase the use of red cell concentrates substantially above this figure without creating problems. The clinical advantages of transfusing red cell concentrates containing a negligible amount of plasma are discussed. PMID- 806964 TI - The degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by micro-organisms. AB - An investigation is described concerning the effects of two micro-organism cultures on single compounds and multi-component mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Several low chlorine PCB compounds can be degraded easily with these cultures and, in favourable circumstances, some compounds containing up to six chlorine atoms per molecule can be degraded. In certain multi-component commercial mixtures some PCB compounds are degraded more readily than if present singly. The significance of this is discussed, particularly the fact that work on single compounds does not enable predictions to be made about the behaviour of commercial mixtures in the enviroment. Some tentative explanations are suggested for the behavious of the mixtures exposed to these cultures. PMID- 806965 TI - Letter: Woodruffia metabolica: exception to the rule of desmodexy questioned. PMID- 806966 TI - Compartments and polyclones in insect development. PMID- 806967 TI - Morphogenesis and developmental interactions in myxobacteria. PMID- 806968 TI - Case of the spring season. PMID- 806969 TI - Studies on Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium juxtanucleare from the Malayan jungle fowl Gallue gallus spadiceus. PMID- 806970 TI - The relationship between protein-calorie malnutrition and trichinosis. II. Immunological response in rats fed low and high protein diets. PMID- 806971 TI - Ecological studies on Coccidia of Malaysian forest mammals. PMID- 806972 TI - [Ulcer disease and diverticulosis of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 806974 TI - [Our experiences with the treatment of dislocation fractures of the ankle]. PMID- 806973 TI - [Basic principles of antistreptococcal treatment of angina]. PMID- 806975 TI - Letter: Ripples on the pool of pullic health. PMID- 806976 TI - [Intravenous fluid therapy in paediatric surgery]. AB - From 1956 to 1969 we adopted a generous approach pertaining to the quantity of parenteral fluid required for paediatric surgery. Since 1970 we have changed our policy, and we now give smaller quantities during surgery and postoperatively. This article presents the calculated parenteral fluid regimen as implemented for general paediatric surgery in the Tygerberg Hospital. Our reasons for this change are indicated. PMID- 806977 TI - Editorial: Malnutrition and immunity. PMID- 806978 TI - Protein energy malnutrition and its treatment. A review. AB - A classification of malnutrition which has gained international acceptance is presented. The physiological and pathological basis of the clinical changes, as well as the metabolic, biochemical and immunological consequences of protein energy malnutrition are discussed. Also presented are aspects of treatment of the hospitalised patient and recommendations for rehabilitation and prevention. PMID- 806979 TI - Malnutrition: Food for thought. AB - It has been suggested that the majority of malnourished persons do not represent a medical problem. They are afflicted by socio-economic disease and the onus is on society to provide the cure which should be economic and organisational, and which would best be co-ordinated by a small group of medical personnel with an interest in the problem. PMID- 806980 TI - ["Natural" and "immune" heteroagglutinins in Bufo arenarum Hensel: their fractionation by means of human and pig red cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 806981 TI - [Isolation and physical characterization of an alpha1-acid-glycoprotein from human serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 806982 TI - The relief of intracranial vasospasm: an experimental study with methylprednisolone and cortisol. AB - The effects of topically applied soluble glucocorticosteroids (methyl prednisolone and cortisol) were investigated by observation through the microscope to determine their effect on the canine basilar artery and the canine and monkey arterial circle of Willis made spastic by puncture or by topical barium chloride, prostaglandin (F-2alpha), or serotonin. The steroids were tested without their normal diluent; the diluent was tested separately. Marked vasodilatory effects of the major arteries and the smallest visible arteries were found with both of these steroids. Moderate vasodilatory effects also were found with the diluent alone. In addition methylprednisolone was injected into the vertebral artery (40 mg) and intravenously (10 mg/Kgm); vasodilation beyond that seen in the absence of drug injection was not observed. In monkeys whose circle of Willis was made spastic by arterial puncture, severe spasm persisted at 24 and 72 hours. If the puncture was followed by topical application of 10 mg of 4% methylprednisolone acetate, spasm was not seen at 24 or 72 hours. PMID- 806983 TI - The varying sensitivity to antibacterial agents of micro-organisms in pure vs. mixed cultures. AB - In this study the disc sensitivities of five organisms growing in pure cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans) were first determined against each of seven antibacterial agents (penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, silver nitrate, Sulfamylon, and Betadine). Then the sensitivity of each organism growing in combination with one of the others (10 combinations) was tested against each of the same antibacterials. Significantly increased and decreased sensitivities were found in 30 percent of the cultures with decreases largely predominating. Total obliteration of all sensitivity occurred 10 percent of the time. The changes in sensitivity were not distributed randomly but rather were associated more with particular agents and organisms. Sulfamylon, was associated with decreases 70 percent of the time with sensitivity obliteration in 50 percent of the tests. Streptococcus led all the organisms, being associated with decreases in half of the tests. It is possible that mixed-culture sensitivities could provide the most valid information when mixed infections exist, since they more closely simulate the real clinical situation. Therefore it is suggested that both mixed and pure culture sensitivity testing be done for all mixed infections. PMID- 806984 TI - Influence of antrectomy on gastrin release and gastric secretion in conscious monkeys. AB - The plasma-gastrin response to feeding and to insulin stimulation was determined before and after precise antrectomy in conscious rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Feeding resulted in a significant increase above basal gastrin levels (107 plus or minus 13 to 276 plus or minus 22 pg. per milliliter), as did stimulation with insulin (93 plus or minus 8 to 182 plus or minus 23 pg. per milliliter). Antrectomy reduced basal gastrin concentrations and abolished the gastrin response to both feeding and insulin. Antrectomy abolished the acid secretory response to histamine and insulin. In order to eliminate the problems of reflux gastritis and to study the time course of reduced acid secretory capacity, three monkeys were antrectomized and maintained by duodenal feedings. The histamine acid secretory response virtually was abolished within 24 hours and was not recovered over a 4 week period. Parietal cell architecture remained intact. In the monkey a major portion of basal circulating gastrin is antral in origin and the gastrin response to feeding and insulin is from the antrum exclusively. Loss of antral gastrin results in a virtual abolition of the acid secretory response to insulin and histamine. This decline is immediate in onset and is not related to parietal cell atrophy. PMID- 806985 TI - Will the real PSRO please stand up? PMID- 806987 TI - [Meningococcemia. Course and diagnostic problems]. PMID- 806986 TI - Intramural diverticulosis of the oesophagus. AB - Four cases of intramural diverticulosis of the oesophagus are described, and the findings are reviewed in 12 previously reported cases. Evidence is presented that this condition is a true pulsion diverticulosis due to deranged motor activity and raised intraluminal pressure. It may occur in cases of diffuse oesophageal spasm, or it may follow inflammation, stricture or surgery. The course is benign, complications being those of the underlying disorder. PMID- 806988 TI - [Tuberculosis]. PMID- 806989 TI - [Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 806990 TI - [Anonymous acid-fast bacilli]. PMID- 806991 TI - The use of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in helping to plan chemotherapy regimens. PMID- 806992 TI - The effects of various chelating agents on the teratogenicity of lead nitrate in rats. PMID- 806993 TI - [Radiotherapy of esophageal neoplasms]. AB - This is a report about experiences on 205 patients with malignant tumors of the esophagus in the years 1960-1974 who have been submitted to a primary or post operative high voltage therapy. The periods of survival have been studied with regard to the age, localization of the tumor, growth of the tumor and different therapy and compared with the data of the world literature. PMID- 806994 TI - [Influence of cavities on dose distribution in electron depth therapy]. AB - The influence of body cavities on the dose distributions of electrons between 15 and 42 MeV has been studied by means of ionometric and densitometric measurements in polystyrol and cork phantoms. The results show that superelevated doses appear behind the cavities near the surface of the head and the neck caused by scattered electrons of about 10% of the maximum dose in the homogene muscle tissue, particulary by small electron energies. The dose points are spatial very limited with diameters of 1 to 2 cm. With greater depths, i.e. for electron energies of 10, 25 and 42 MeV from 2, 4 and 6 cm respectively, no more superelevated dose caused by the electron scattering appears. All the other body cavities, particulary in the lungs and in the gastrointestinal tract, have for that reason an influence on the dose distribution essentially by the electron radius increased with the cavity length. The electron scattering and the organ motions provide for an great dose equalization. PMID- 806995 TI - Mammals and scrub typhus ecology in peninsular Malaysia. AB - The overall comparisons of habitats are given in (Table III). The habitats are arranged in order of extent of alterations by man, with the least disturbed at the top. The highest average blood isolation rates came from the least disturbed areas. The highest monthly maximal rickettsial isolation rates from blood and maximal prevalence rates of antibody per month were also obtained at Bukit Lanjan, the habitat least altered by activities of man. The lowest average blood isolation rate (6%) and the lowest monthly maximal rickettsial isolation and antibody prevalence rates were obtained at Bukit Mandol, the habitat most extensively and intensively altered by man. The intermediate habitats had intermediate rates. We caution anyone interpreting these observations, however, in terms of human disease, which seem to be associated with hyperendemic foci. Here we are not dealing with hyperendemicity from the standpoint of human disease, but present evidence of widespread endemicity from which hyperendemic foci may derive. Also, we have not yet identified the prevalent strains and do not know their infectivity to man. PMID- 806996 TI - The serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis by the capillary-tube precipitin test. PMID- 806997 TI - Apparent isolation of Sarcocystis sp. from human blood (a preliminary note). PMID- 806998 TI - Letter: In vitro delayed hypersensitivity in Chagas's disease (chronic and acute). PMID- 806999 TI - Measles vaccination in tropical countries. PMID- 807000 TI - Problems of future measles vaccination in developing countries. PMID- 807001 TI - Studies on the structure and invasive behaviour of merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi. PMID- 807002 TI - [Cytophotometric studies of the nuclear cycle of Sphaeromyxa elegini]. AB - The cytophotometric investigation of DNA content in the nuclei of Myxosporidia Sphaeromyxa elegini Dogiel 1948 was made. It was found that not only nuclei of sporoplasm but also capsulogenic nuclei are haploid. The fact makes us leave apart, as far as these species are concerned, the scheme of nucl eic cycle according to which all somatic nuclei are diploid. It seems possible that two nuclei of sporoplasm as well as two capsulogenic nuclei are the four products of two-step meiosis, but lacking the data on DNA content in valvogenic nuclei we cannot be sure of this. It spite of some peculiarities in the distribution according to DNA content it seems that sporoblasts nuclei cna be considered as diploid at all the stages investigated. The vegetative nuclei are polyploid (tetraploid as usual). PMID- 807003 TI - Tuberculosis of the cervical lymph nodes : a clinical, pathological and bacteriological study. AB - Biopsies taken from the lymph nodes of 59 consecutive patients with cervical lymph node tuberculosis were examined bacteriologically and histologically. The series consisted of 18 men (mean age 40 years) and 41 women (mean age 46 years). Mycobacteria were isolated from 41 specimens (69 per cent), M. tuberculosis from 40 patients and a mycobacterium of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex from one. All the M. tuberculosis strains were sensitive to streptomycin, isoniazid and PAS. No mycobacteria were isolated from the biopsy specimens of the 10 patients who had received anti-tuberculosis drug previously. Mycobacteria were isolated equally often from caseating and non-caseating lymph nodes. In 10 specimens acid-fast bacilli could be demonstrated by staining, but attempts at isolation were unsuccessful. Nine of these 10 patients had been treated with anti tuberculosis drugs previously. Histological examination of the specimen from which a growth of 'atypical' mycobacteria had been obtained failed to show any distinctive features. The results of treatment are given over a follow-up period of 2 years. Primary chemotherapy was not entirely successful. Of 52 patients treated in this way only 38 responded well. By contrast 19 patients were treated by a combination of chemotherapy and surgery and the outcome was satisfactory in all but one. PMID- 807004 TI - Cord factor revisited: a tribute to the late Dr. Hubert Bloch. PMID- 807005 TI - [Increased incidence of meningococci of group A with reduced sensitivity to sulfonamides]. PMID- 807006 TI - [Meckel's syndrome. Gruber's syndrome, Ullrich-Feichtiger's syndrome, dysencephalia splachnocystica, type Rostockiensis, dyscranio-pygophalangia]. PMID- 807007 TI - Parenteral essential amino acids in acute renal failure. AB - Parenteral 1.75 per cent L-essential amino acids in 47 per cent dextrose (Group I 11 patients) or 47 per cent dextrose (Group II, 9 patients) were administered to patients with severe acute renal failure in a single blind-controlled study. Survival rates (55 per cent in Group I and 56 per cent in Group II) and duration of renal failure were similar in the two groups. Rate of daily rise in blood urea nitrogen was significantly reduced during intravenous nutrition in Group I but not in Group II. Serious complications of intravenous nutrition did not occur. Since improved nitrogen metabolism is demonstrated, further trials of essential amino acid therapy in acute renal failure are indicated. PMID- 807008 TI - Permeability of normal and cancerous rat bladder to antineoplastic agents. AB - Normal rat bladder is moderately permeable to intravesically instilled thiotepa, but impermeable to instilled cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, or adriamycin. Permeability to thiotepa increased as neoplastic changes of the bladder epithelium were induced with a carcinogenic diet. PMID- 807010 TI - The tubular cristae of protozoan mitochondria: preservation by critical-point drying. PMID- 807009 TI - Renal transplantation between HL-A identical siblings with partial nephrectomy and machine preservation for ossified renal cell carcinoma. AB - A case of renal transplantation between HL-A identical siblings is reported in which the donor kidney was found to have a calcified mass in the upper pole. Because an immediate pathologic diagnosis could not be made at the time of nephrectomy, the kidney was preserved with pulsatile perfusion for fifty-four hours after excision of the upper pole. At that time the diagnosis was still not available, and transplantation was performed only to have the report of ossified renal cell carcinoma established the following day. PMID- 807011 TI - Protozoan parasites of some terrestrial oligochaetes. PMID- 807012 TI - Reduction of canine serum asparagine levels by L -asparaginase immobilized on collagen: a potential form of cancer chemotherapy. AB - These results suggest that asparaginase-collagen preparations, with activity and stability values surpassing those reported for other immobilization procedures, can be potentially utilized as an efficient extracorporeal chemptherapeutic device for the treatment of tumors, producing less side effects than the soluble enzyme therapy, for a given level of asparagine clearance. PMID- 807013 TI - [M.M. Krasnov's iridocycloretraction in Rieger's syndrome]. PMID- 807014 TI - [Residues of antimicrobial substances in the meat and organs of slaughter calves]. AB - Using a modified Gartside diffusion method (1960) the incidence of the residues of antimicrobial substances was followed in two categories of calves commercially slaughtered at the Brno Slaughter House. For testing the following three collection strains were used: B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), B cereus, var. mycoides (ATCC 11778), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341). In light weight calves samples of bile, liver, kidney, diaphragmatic and hind limb muscles, in heavy calves, due to technical reasons, only bile, liver and diaphragmatic muscle samples were examined. Residues were demonstrated in 26.2% of 103 light (suckling) calves; the most frequent finding was in the bile (22.2%) and kidney (15.5%). Identical residue findings in the diaphragmatic muscles and in the skeletal muscles of the hind extremities in light calves correspond to the formerly described results in calves from emergency slaughter (Malikova et al. 1974). In heavy calves the residues were demonstrated in 41.7% of 156 examined; the most frequent finding was in the liver (42.3%) and in the diphragmatic muscles (34%). Under the present operation conditions of calf fattening using milk replacer Biosan 20 not even an interval of 17-20 hours between the last feeding and the slaughter proved sufficient for elimination of the antimicrobial substances from the bodies of the slaughter animals. PMID- 807015 TI - [Bactericidal effect of iodophors of Czechoslovak origin on support materials]. AB - The bactericidal effectiveness of Jodofor A and Jodofor B produced in Czechoslovakia was tested on carriers (stoneware, concrete, brick, wood, aluminium sheet) contaminated with E. coli and St. aureus. The two Czechoslovak products were compared with Iosan produced by the Ciba-Geigy Comp. Cold water solutions of iodophores were applied in fine spray to horizontal and vertical carriers at two stages with a one-hour interval; the over-all application rate was 1 lt. of solution per 1 m-2 of area. One-hour exposure time from the last application was respected in all cases. On carriers contaminated with E. coli the microorganisms were totally killed by a 1.5% water solution of Jodofor A and Iosam. In Jodofor B the same effect was achieved only with the 2.5% water solution. In St. aureus-contaminated carriers a 100% disinfecting effect was obtained with a 2% water solution of Jodofor A and Iosan and witha 2.5% solution of Jodofor B. Different effectiveness in the disinfectibility of different materials was suggested, and the effect was not found dependent on the position of the material disinfected (vertical, horizontal positions). This testifies to quite a rapid disinfecting effect of iodophores. No large differences in the overall bactericidal effectiveness between Jodofor A and Iosan (Ciba-Geigy) were found either in the evaluation of 100% disinfecting effect or in the use of lower concentrations which only reduced the number of germs surviving on carriers. The effectiveness of Jodofor B was somewhat lower. PMID- 807016 TI - [Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis]. AB - Lung adenomatosis was histologically demonstrated in seven sheep coming from one flock in western Bohemia. On the basis of morphological characteristics and biological properties the disease can be considered as a neoplasma. It is capable of forming metastases and calls forth a systemic reaction of the organism. Lund adenomatosis can be experimentally transferred and the present knowledge speaks in favour of virus etiology of the disease. PMID- 807018 TI - Letter: Isolating listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 807017 TI - [Various indices of microclimate in the newly built and re-adapted stables for race horses]. AB - A study was performed to examine microclimate in 14 stables belonging to 10 horsemen's teams and clubs; five of these houses were new-built. In five race horse stables housing 16 horses each, on an average, where the optimum air temperature ranged from 10 degrees C to 12 degrees C, measurements and examinations were performed in the winter period and the following results were obtained: space per 1 horse housed 42.9 plus or minus 8.7 m-3, relative air humidity 74.3 plus or minus 3.8%, CO2 concentration 0.175 plus or minus 0.027%, NH3 concentration 0.00135 plus or minus 0.00044%. A large majority of horse stables under our conditions lack suitable ventilating equipment for winter and for cold periods. Together with the present-day building technology and with excessive space of box-type houses, this implies that microclimate conditions are unsuitable and harmful to health; in particular, this is true of cold and wet conditions. In the existing stables this problem can be solved by additional heating, preferably with the hot-air system. It is necessary that horse stables should have good thermal-insulation characteristics, with plastered brick walls 45 cm in thickness and with thermally insulated loft. Floors must be solid, hard, and plane. Modern building technology and new materials must secure all the required parameters, with due respect to all factors constituting microclimate and to purposeful layout of race horse stables. It appears desirable to issue a state standard for the construction of horse stables. PMID- 807020 TI - Letter: Mastocytomata in the dog. PMID- 807019 TI - Subclinical mastitis in suckler cows. AB - In a two-year study of the incidence of subclinical mastitis in two beef suckler herds over 2400 quarter milk samples from 180 cows were examined. Somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts were carried out and infecting organisms were isolated on sheep blood agar. Results of these tests indicated that: (a) in spite of extremely dirty udders, fewer contaminants were found in the suckler cow milk samples than in a group of over 1700 samples from typical dairy herds; (b) 18 per cent of all quarter milk samples were infected; (c) 67 per cent of all infections were due to staphylococci and 20 per cent to streptococci; (d) 56 per cent of staphylococcal infections were associated with cell counts less than 500,000 per ml compared with 39 per cent of other infections; (e) 70 per cent of samples had somatic cell counts less than 500,000 per ml. (f) 20 per cent of samples had somatic cell counts over 1 million per ml; (g) only 36 per cent of samples with cell counts over 1 million per ml were associated with udder infections; (h) high cell counts and udder infections were more frequent in early than in mid-lactation. Due to a shortage of animals in the late lactation little evidence was available to support the contention that cell counts rise and the numbers of infected quarters increase towards the end of lactation. PMID- 807021 TI - [Role of colostric immunity in the prevention of paratyphoid in lambs]. PMID- 807022 TI - [Isolation of bacterial cultures from anabiosis]. PMID- 807023 TI - [Preservation of cell cultures infected with Theileria in liquid nitrogen]. PMID- 807024 TI - Cell kinetics of mouse urinary bladder epithelium. I. Circadian and age variations in cell proliferation and nuclear DNA content. AB - The urinary bladder epithelium contains nuclei with diploid, tetraploid and octoploid DNA content. A study in mice has been performed on mitotic activity, DNA synthesis and ploidy. The study has confirmed previous findings of an extremely low mitotic activity and a LI of 0.40 +/- 0.04%. The results indicate a higher DNA synthesis during the night as compared to the day. The relative numbers of diploid-, tetraploid- and octoploid cells have been estimated by micro flow fluorometry. The mean values of these different classes were diploid: 39.40 +/- 1.4%, tetraploid: 53.27 +/- 1.00% and octoploid: 4.41 +/- 0.22%. Hexaploid DNA values with a mean of 2.51 +/- 0.13% were found and the significance of hexaploid pulses is discussed. The different ploidy classes changed during the neonatal period with a decrease of the diploid class and an increase of the tetraploid class. A reduction of the octoploid class about 4 weeks after birth was seen. The distribution of the different classes became stabilized around the second month. PMID- 807025 TI - Ultrastructural and fluorescence microscopy study of a case of acute erythremia. AB - The authors studies in fluorescence microscopy and electronic microscopy the dysmorphic erythroblasts of a case of acute erythremia. They found evidence of granular fluorescence on the smears, corresponding to the presence of prophyrins and proteinaceous cristallin structures on the ultrathin sections. It seems to be possible to establish a morphologic correlation between the fluorescent granules and the cristallin structures. Thus, the hypothesis of poryphrins adsorption on cristallin structures may be proposed. PMID- 807026 TI - [Signs of secretion in the mastopathic breast (author's transl)]. AB - Nuclei of the epithelia of the ducts can enter into the tongue- or clublike protrusion, which is characteristic of apocrine secretion. Together with the protrusions the nuclei may be discharged into the lumen, an occurrence one could call apocrine estrusion of nuclei. It can be found up to the sixth decade. II. Occasionally single lobuli show all signs of a fat- (milk-) secretion of fat (milk) and of apocrine estrusion of nuclei, leading to the formation of elements resembling colostrum bodies as they occur in the milk. The cases involved as a rule menstruating women. The secretion, therefore, seems to be due to hormonal influence on especially sensible lobuli of the mastopathic breast. PMID- 807028 TI - Cytotoxicity of vinblastine and vincristine to pancreatic acinar cells. AB - BALB/c mice were given vinblastine (Velbe), 40 and 200 mg/kg, or vincristine (Oncovin), 20 mg/kg, dissolved in saline as single intraperitoneal injections. Nontreated mice served as controls. Animals were killed 1, 2, 5, and 24 hours and 4 days after the drug administration and small pieces from the pancreas were processed for electron microscopy. Autophagocytotic activity increased 3 hours after the injection and at 5 and 24 hours there were large amounts of autophagic vacuoles containing altered cell organelles and membranous or amorphous debris in the acinar cells. Cell death and acinar atrophy were evident at later time intervals. It was concluded that the vinca alkaloids caused autophagy and degeneration in pancreatic acinar cells and that their inhibitory effect on pancreatic enzyme secretion might depend partly or solely on their cytotoxic action. PMID- 807027 TI - The recetor sites for complement (C3) on human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Sheep red cells, sensitized with 19S fraction of antiserum and subsequently treated with mouse serum as the source of complement (EAC), interact with human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38 cells) and form "Rosettes". Under a scanning electron microscope, EAC have not attached directly to the cell surface of fibroblasts, but to the fine processes or microvilli of the latter, as if there were fine bridges between EAC and the surface of fibroblasts. On the other hand, the attachment of sheep red cells washed in PBS (E) or sensitized with 19S fraction of antiserum (EA) to WI-38 cells was not observed. The pretreatment of WI-38 cells with mouse serum did not inhibit the interaction of WI-38 cells and EAC. No phagocytosis of EAC by WI-38 cells was observed in the 2 hrs incubation of both cells. From these results it is suspected that the interaction of WI-38 cells and EAC is immune adherence, and that WI-38 cells have the receptor site for complement, especially for C3, on the surface of cell membrane. PMID- 807029 TI - Cytochemical localization of adenyl cyclase in the rat colonic mucosa. AB - Adenyl cyclase has been demonstrated in the colonic mucosa with the aid of adenylyl-imidodiphosphate as a specific substrate. Coarse precipitates are located mainly in the basement membrane and in the junctional area between two epithelial cells and on the brush border of all epithelial cells of the descending colon. Hydrolysis of the substrate was found to be accelerated by 10 mM sodium fluoride in the incubation medium. However, in the ascending colon, the precipitate appeared only in the brush border. PMID- 807030 TI - [The influence of infusions of methionine and methionine+glucose on the morphology and function of self-emptying jejunal blind loops in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate whether an amino-acid solution or a mixture of amino acid and sugar could have a nutritive effect on the intestinal mucosa. Self-emptying blind loops of rat jejunum were perfused 3 times daily for 24 or 31 days, through a tube conveyed subcutaneously to the back of the neck, with a Ringer solution or a saline containing methionine and glucose or methionine alone. Methionine infusion induced a significant rise in the villus height of the mucosa of the blind loops, which was accompanied by an increased glucose absorption, as determined in vivo. In mucosal homogenates there was a tendency toward an increase in dipeptidase activity but not in disaccharidase level. Infusion of a mixture of glucose and methionine led to lengthened crypts, as well as larger villi. Glucose transport was again increased, and there was a small rise in both dipeptidase and disaccharidase activities. PMID- 807031 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's syndrome treated with aminoglutethimide (Elipten Ciba) AB - The main ultrastructural feature of human adrenal cortices following administration of aminoglutethimide (Elipten CIBA), a steroid biosynthesis blocking agent, is a striking intracellular accumulation of lipids, also seen in the light microscopy. The lipids accumulate in the adrenocortical cells but are also stored in the cytoplasm of pericapillary histiocytes. The lipids are present in the adrenocortical cells mostly as rounded liposomes of variable size, whereas those in the histiocytes usually show up as an amorphous debris with abundant myelin figures and cholesterol crystals. In some areas of the adrenal cortex activated histiocytes changing into lipophages may become the prevalent cell. They also take the place of destroyed adrenocortical cells and can form compact cell aggregates of variable size or even columnar strands between neighbouring capillaries, thus resembling columns of adrenocortical cells. In some of the adrenocortical cells focal cytoplasmic degradation, turning into coagulation necrosis, was observed. In others initial cytolysis was found. In contrast with earlier findings in experimental animals, mitochondrial changes in humans were not a prominent feature. The only changes occasionally observed were a focal disappearance of the vesicular cristae and a concomitant fibrillary loosening of the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 807032 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the distal nephron and calyx of the human kidney. AB - Surface fine structures of human distal nephron, papilla and calyx were studied by use of SEM. Tissue preservation was carried out by perfusion fixation and critical point drying. The various surface features of epithelial cells were visualized in the lower urinary tract. PMID- 807033 TI - [Problem of diabetic coma without ketoacidosis]. PMID- 807034 TI - [Treatment of bronchial asthma by disodium cromoglycate (Intal)]. PMID- 807035 TI - [Catamnesis in children suffering from hem0lytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 807036 TI - Undegraded human immunoglobulin for intravenous use. AB - A report is presented on the development and the properties of a nondegraded human immunoglobulin preparation suitable for intravenous administration. Intravenous tolerance is achieved by elimination of anticomplementary activity through modification with beta-propiolactone. The natural antibody characteristics, such as antibody activity, molecular weight, and half-life, are retained. The findings presented open up new perspectives for an extension of the range of indication for intravenous immunoglobulin. PMID- 807037 TI - Positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test caused by cephalexin administration in humans. AB - Of 71 patients showing a negative direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test (DAT) before administration of cephalexin (CEX) three developed a positive DAT after therapy with this drug (4 percent). No case of immunohemolytic anemia was observed. The sera of the patients with a positive DAT reacted with cephalothin-coated red cells producing high titers, with penicillin cells normal titers and with CEX cells low titers. Since the red cell eluates of these patients did not give significant reactions with red cells sensitized with CEX, cephalothin and penicillin, a nonimmunological mechanism for the development of the positive DAT in these patients has to be assumed. PMID- 807038 TI - Biochemical and immunological studies on salivary blood group substances. AB - Salivas with various phenotypes were analyzed for chemical components and blood group activity after ultracentrifugation. Active blood group substances were isolated from saliva in the pellet form by sedimentation. Both the supernatant and the pellet suspended in original volume were studied for content of fucose, total hexose, protein, and sialic acid and the presence of blood group activity. Paper chromatography of these saliva pellets after acid hydrolysis demonstrated fucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine. A Lewis negative non-secretor showed decreased fucose on the paper while a non-secretor Lewis positive Le(a + b - x +) saliva showed less fucose on chemical analysis. Immunodiffusion studies with the lectin Dolichos biflorus showed precipitation lines with A substance from saliva and with purified A blood group substance. Goat anti-Lea and goat anti-Leb serum produced two precipitin lines against Lea substance and one line against Leb substance present in non-secretor and secretor salivas, respectively. In addition, there was a line of identify among Lea saliva, purified Lea substance from saliva and purified Lea substance from ovarian cyst fluid. PMID- 807039 TI - A clinical evaluation of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine blood. AB - (1) Blood was stored in polyvinyl-chloride bags containing citrate-phosphate dextrose (CPD) with adenine in a final concentration of 0.25 mM. (2) Red cell ATP was well maintained (greater than 70% of original) for 4 weeks in whole blood as well as in red cell concentrate (PCV 85 plus or minus 2%). After 5 weeks the ATP level was about 70% in whole blood and about 40% in red cell concentrate. (3) Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) was about 60% of the original after 2 weeks and about 30% after 3 weeks of storage when stored both as whole blood and as red cell concentrate. (4) The red cell 24-hour post-transfusion viability was about 80% after 4 weeks of storage both as whole blood and as red cell concentrate. After 5 weeks of storage the 24-hour viability was 78.7 plus or minus 3.5% in whole blood and 76.5 plus or minus 6.7% in red cell concentrate. (5) 820 patients received 3,238 units of CPD-adenine blood, and 761 patients serving as controls received 2,807 units of acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) blood. The frequency of transfusion reactions was 3.5% for patients receiving CPD-adenine blood and 4.1% for the control group. (6) The maximum storage time was set at 5 weeks for the CPD-adenine blood and 3 weeks for the ACD blood. The longer preservation time decreased out-dating by at least 50%. PMID- 807040 TI - Biochemical, serological and family studies in individuals with Cis AB phenotypes. AB - Pedigree studies and serological characterization of three cis AB families are presented. Serums of these persons exhibit strongly reduced activities of A gene specified alpha-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and only trace activities of B gene-dependent alpha-galactosyltransferase. PMID- 807041 TI - Radiation therapy in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri and the morbidity. PMID- 807042 TI - Myelodysplasia. Problems of long-term survival and social function. AB - Problems of ninety-eight patients with myelodysplasia, ages 13 to 72, were reviewed. They were grouped as follows: Those having thoracic and high lumbar level (L(2) upward arrow) lesions and confined to wheel chairs, those with intermediate paralysis (L(3-5) nerve roots) as walking with aids and those with less paralysis (S(1) downward arrow) as fully ambulatory. Fifty-two percent of the L(2) upward arrow and only 15 percent of of the less severely paralyzed patients were retarded below an IQ level 70 (P<0.01). Thirty-six patients (62 percent) were fully and 26 partially, but appropriately, self-sufficient. Thirty six patients were found in some form of dependent care. Two of the 71 more paralyzed patients (L(3-5) and L(2) upward arrow) and five of the 28 S(1) downward arrow patients were "naturally continent" but reported stress incontinence of urine. Thirteen of 23 female and five of 28 male patients between ages 16 and 72 years reported sexual activity and accounted for 17 normal offspring. All 23 retarded patients were in some form of custodial care. Dependency among the normal intellect patients could be attributed to neglect of physically deforming complications and emotional disorders, primarily low self esteem centering around social and sexual identity problems associated with excrement soiling. PMID- 807043 TI - [Diseases transmitted by blood transfusion]. PMID- 807044 TI - [Possibilities of echoencephalography in epilepsy]. PMID- 807045 TI - The planning of schools of medicine. Report of a WHO study group. PMID- 807046 TI - WHO expert committee on specifications for pharmaceutical preparations. Twenty fifth report. PMID- 807047 TI - Observations on the histomorphology of sarcosporidian cysts of some East African game animals (Artiodactyla). AB - The histomorphology of formalin-fixed micro and macrosarcosporidian cysts of Grant's, Thomson's gazelle, impala, wildebeest, Bubal hartebeest, Cape eland, red duiker, Kirk's dik-dik, defassa waterbuck, Bohor reedbuck, African buffalo, giraffe, warthog, and giant forest hog is described. The wall of microsarcosporidian cysts is smooth and without villi or with villi. The villi are solid or of honeycomb-like structure on tangential sections. In some animals, microsarcosporidian cysts of almost the same diameter with different wall structure were found in the same muscle of the same animal. Some muscle cells contained two or three microsarcosporidian cysts. The wall of macrosarcosporidian cysts of different game species showed also different structure. PMID- 807048 TI - Hammondia hammondi gen. nov., sp.nov., from domestic cats, a new coccidian related to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis. AB - Hammondia hammondi gen.nov.,sp.nov (Eimeriorina:Sarcocystidae) is described as an obligate heteroxenous protozoon of domestic cats (final host) and laboratory mice (experimental intermediate host). Oocysts from the final host are infectious only for the intermediate host; and cysts from the intermediate host are infectious only for the final host. Intracellular cysts develop principally in striated muscle of mice that ingest oocysts, with a few cysts in the brain and perhaps elsewhere. Cysts are without septa or radial spines; bradyzoites are slender, there is no evidence of metrocytes. Cysts are not infectious for mice. After the ingestion of cysts by cats, a multiplicative cycle precedes the development of gametocytes in the epithelium of the samll intestine. Oocysts are shed unsporulated, sporogony is outside of the host, resulting in two sporocysts with four sporozoites each. Oocysts of the species average 11 x 13 mum. The prepatent period i 5s 5 to 8 days, and oocyst shedding persists for 10 to 28 days followed by immunity. Cysts in skeletal muscle measured between 100 and 340 mum in length and 40 and 95 mu-m in width. Experimental intermediate hosts are laboratory mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, Peromyscus and Mastomys. Some of the intermediate hosts develop low levels of antibody and some cross-immunity against Toxoplasma; however, this has not been observed in cats. PMID- 807049 TI - Klossiella spp. in the kidneys of peramelid, petaurid, and macropodid marsupials. AB - Klossiella spp. were found in kidneys of individuals from six genera in two of the three superfamilies of Australian marsupials. Klossiella quimrensis sp.n. is described in the bandicoots, Isoodon obesulus and Perameles gunnii (Peramelidae). K. convolutor sp.n. is described in the ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Petauridae). Three macropodid genera were infected. K.serendipensis sp.n. is described in the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, and K. callitris sp.n. is described in the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus. Multinucleate bodies considered to be schizonts of a Klossiella sp. were observed in the kidneys of the potoroo, Potorous apicalis. Gametocytes only of K. serendipensis were seen, while gametogony and sporogony of K. convolutor and K. callitris were observed. PMID- 807051 TI - Part B medicare exclusions from coverage. PMID- 807050 TI - Observations on a feline coccidium with some characteristics of Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis. AB - Two morphologically different cysts were found in skeletal muscles of mice inoculated with fecal material from a stray cat containing Isopora-type oocysts. The most common cyst contained bradyzoites resembling those of Toxoplasma and resulted from an oocyst measuring 11 times 13 mum which appeared to be identical to that of Toxoplasma. The other cyst, observed in only a few mice, contained bradyzoites resembling those of Sarcocystis, but the oocyst or sporocyst that gave rise to it was overlooked and apparently lost. Two more strains of the parasite resembling Toxoplasma were found in feces of stray cats. When inoculated into mice, the oocyst of this parasite routinely produced chronic infection and formed cysts similar to Toxoplasma in skeletal muscles and occasionally in the central nervous system. The majority of infected mice developed Toxoplasma antibody, but only to low titers. Cats fed carcasses of infected mice remained healthy and shed nonsporulated oocysts following a prepatent period of about 5 days. Cats did not develop Toxoplasma antibody. There was little or no cross immunity between the parasite and T. gondii in cats or mice. Transmission of the parasite between mice by the cyst stage normally was not possible; however, mice inoculated with cortisone acetate did become infected when inoculated with cysts. In other laboratory animals inoculated orally with the oocyst asymptomatic infection was detected in 3 species of rats, in guinea pigs and in dogs, but not in monkeys, pigeons or Japanese qualis. Fluorescent antibody tests on human sera failed to provide evidence of natural human infection with the parasite. PMID- 807052 TI - [Certain semisynthetic penicillins in treatment of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 807053 TI - [Healthy meningococcal carriers in 1973 in Greece. Sensitivity of the isolated strains to minocycline, rifampicin and sulphadiazine (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency of healthy carriers of meningococci in Greece in 1973 has been studied by examining 1105 nasopharyngeal swabs from 731 recruits, during the four recruitment periods of this year. The frequency of healthy carriers among inductees within 24 hours from the arrival in the Camp was 38.9%. After a stay of 35 to 40 days in the training Camp the frequency of healthy carriers rose to 66.4%. Among all the soldiers examined, 24.5% were carriers of meningococci of group B, 13.2% of non-typable strains, 8.1% of autoagglutinable strains, 4.1% of meningococci of group A, 3.7% of meningococci of group C and smaller percentages of strains of groups X, Y, Z and of cross-agglutinating strains. The prevalence of carriers of meningococci of groups A and C and of autoagglutinable strains was higher among recruits who have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days. The prevalence of carriers of the other serogroups was about the same among the inductees and the other recruits. No significant differences were found in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup among soldiers on their arrival, who were permanent residents of urban or rural areas of various parts of the country. No significant seasonal variation was noted in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup. Frequent changes of the group of meningococci harboured were noted among 374 recruits examined upon their arrival, as well as after 35 to 40 days of residence in the training Camp. Among 534 strains of meningococci examined none was resistant to either minocycline or rifampicin. Among 226 strains isolated from inductees, 44.7% were resistant to 1 mug/ml of sulphadiazine, while among 235 strains isolated from recruits after they have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days, 57.9% were resistant to that sulphonamide. PMID- 807054 TI - [Typing of pseudomonas aeruginosa by pyocine production. Experiments with a simplified method using four indicator strains (author's transl)]. AB - A further differentiation of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which have been isolated from clinical material is desirable because of the increasing frequency of hospital infections caused by this species. Only by such a procedure cross infections which require hygienic measures can be distinguished from autoinfections. Pyocine typing with a set of only four indicator strains was tried by repeated typing of 542 strains. Because of its simplicity and the small amount of material and working time required the method was found to be suitable for routine application. Reproducibility was satisfactory. The strains tested could be grouped into nine different pyocine types. Similar to the results of other typing procedures, 74 per cent of the strains belonged to three groups. The method is suitable for detection of sources of hospital infections caused by the more rare pyocine types. By a comparison of the antibiotic resistance patterns with pyocine types in strains which had been isolated from patients with chronic infections it was demonstrated that antibiotic resistance patterns could not be used as criteria for epidemiological investigations. PMID- 807055 TI - The effect of metal ions on the atypical mycobacteria: growth and colony coloration. AB - The effect of 30 metal ions on growth and colony color has been evaluated for 215 isolates of "atypical" mycobacteria and 5 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the total number of ions tested, ten proved to have a variable effect on growth and eight induced specific changes in colony coloration. Although both effects could be generally related to the Runyon grouping system, neither procedure proved to be practical or specific for differential identification of individual species. Spectrophotometric analyses of acetone extracts were made from representative strains of "atypical" mycobacteria, grown in the presence (test) or absence (control) of metal ions, in an attempt to determine the chemical nature of metal ion induced color changes in colonies of these organisms. Induced colors were not extractable with organic solvents, indicating that these colors are not lipid associated. In all cases where applicable (chromogenic strains) the naturally occurring carotenoid pigments were found to be unaffected, in their spectral properties, by the presence of metal ions even though the natural yellow color was frequently masked by the ion induced colors. The close association of metal ion induced colors with acetone nonextractable cell components suggests the presence of reduced metal ions or the formation of metal hydroxides. The apparent presence of several metal ion reductase systems and their physiological implications are discussed. PMID- 807056 TI - An experimental model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa renal infection in rats. AB - The model of experimental pyocyanic renal infection in rats based on direct inoculation of bacteria to the renal parenchyma is described. The authors describe in detail the procedure and evaluation of the results with respect to microbiology, histology and reproducibility. The method produced a focal supurrative inflammation with a significant bacteriologica finding in renal tissue for 8 weeks at the least. The inflammation has a tendency to form focal cicatrices not accompanied by diffuse shrinkage of the kidney. The method is well reproducible and its technique is relatively simple thus permitting to induce infection in a large series of animals within a short period of time. In the second part of the paper, the use of this method in testing the therapeutical efficacy of gentamicin, carbenicillin and their combination is reported. The results showed gentamicin to be more effective than carbenicillin and the combination of the two to have the highest therapeutical effect. Moreover, their combination made it possible to reduce the dosage of the antibiotics and thereby reduce their potential undesirable effect. Further, the results showed the described model of experimental renal infection to be well suited for testing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and resolving some problems of the treatment of infectious diseases. PMID- 807057 TI - [Significance of the antibacterial agent assay of urine for bacteriological diagnosis and control of chemotherapy of urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - The disc agar-diffusion-test using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 as test organism is a simple and rapid method for routine testing of antibacterial agents in urine specimens. The test records urine levels which are expected under medium dosage, and in many cases even lower concentrations of renal excreted antibiotics. Out of 5655 analysed urine samples 22% contain antibacterial substances. In urine specimens over which information was volunteered that either no chemotherapy had been administered or that more than a three day's interval free of therapy existed, inhibitory substances are found in 8% and 27% respectively. Urine specimens which are supposedly collected from patients under current chemotherapy do not show therapeutic relevant antibiotic levels in 26%. Between urine specimens with and without antibacterial activity there is no significant difference in the incidence of viable counts of 10-4-10-5/ml and 10-5/ml. From urine samples with antibacterial content increases in the numbers of multiple resistant strains of E. coli, Proteus spp., Pseudom. aerug. and Enterobacter spp. together with high numbers of Candida spp. are observed. PMID- 807058 TI - The influence of angiotensin on fluid balance and milk ejection in ruminants. PMID- 807059 TI - [Functions of the omasum in small domestic ruminants. IV. Resorption and secretion of electrolytes]. PMID- 807060 TI - [The fetal development of the NMRI mouse]. PMID- 807061 TI - Gestational changes in the endometrium of the goat. I. Histomorphological changes. PMID- 807062 TI - Gestational changes in the endometrium of the goat. II. Histochemical characteristics. PMID- 807063 TI - Studies on buffaloes tranquilized by rompum-"Bayer". PMID- 807064 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in blastocysts from superovulated rabbits inseminated with semen stored up to 5 days at different temperatures]. PMID- 807065 TI - [The electrolyte content of erythrocytes and plasma in sheep of the blood potassium types HK and LK]. PMID- 807066 TI - [Methods of demonstrating acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in animals]. PMID- 807067 TI - Extracellular release of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase from ram spermatozoa. PMID- 807068 TI - Immunochemical studies of pyruvate kinase (PK) molecules: abnormal PK of human and PK of different species. PMID- 807069 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia]. AB - Chronical course, splenomegaly and pancytopenia are characteristic for hairy cell leukemia. The main feature are so-called hairy cells in peripheral blood. This cells were investigated by cytological, cytochemical, histological and electron microscopical methods. Special cytoplasmic inculsions seem to be specific for this cell type. PMID- 807070 TI - Phagocytic activity of leukaemic blasts. AB - Phagocytic activity of leukaemic blasts in 20 adults and 16 children suffering from acute leukaemia was studied in vitro by the use of ferrioxidsaccharate. Most frequently phagocytosing blasts were encountered in myelomonocytic leukaemias. The morphological character of positive blasts resembled often that of monocytoid cells. In lymphoblastic and reticular leukaemias phagocytic ability of blasts was an exceptional finding. PMID- 807071 TI - Quantitative studies of macrophages in blood cultures in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In Hodgkin's disease, blood cultures showed a close relationship between the rate of blastic transformation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and the number of macrophages appearing in unstimulated cultures. Despite individual variations, in single cases the yield of macrophages agreed closely with the lymphocyte transformation rate. Results are discussed in connection with hypothesis on the origin of macrophages in culture. PMID- 807072 TI - Insoluble PHA- A B-cell mitogen in man? AB - Blood lymphocytes of normal individuals and of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were evaluated for their blastogenic response to insoluble PHA. In at least preferential stimulation of normal B-lymphocytes was observed, whereas leukemic lymphocytes were almost insensitive. This result supports the hypothesis of a functionally defective B-lymphocyte population in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 807074 TI - Dissociation between factor VIII (activity and antigen) and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in von Willebrand's disease. AB - Previously we showed that von Willebrand patients could be separated into 2 groups on the basis of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and factor VII (antigen and activity). Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and factor VIII exhibited a positive correlation. This paper deals with 5 out of 31 examined von Willebrand patients in which ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was not in correlation either with factor VIII activity or antigen. The importance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 807073 TI - Lymphocytes devoid of T and B cell markers in chronic lymphatic leukemia. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes of 16 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia were studied for B and T cell markers with peroxidase-labelled anti-immunogloulin antisera and complement and spontaneous rosetting techniques. Increased numbers of B cells and normal numbers of T cells were noted. A significant observation was the presence of a large proportion of circulating lymphocytes without the conventional markers for T and B cells. This finding is correlated with clinical features. PMID- 807075 TI - [A case of atypical myeloblasts; a RNA leukemia]. AB - In a 53-year-old female patient, a tumor localized in the nasopharyngeal cavity together with hematologic features of acute paramyeloblastic leukemia were observed. More than 70% blast cells contained giant intracytoplasmic inclusions which have been found to be strongly pyroninophilic. The electron-microscopic study revealed big agglomerations of ribosomal RNA inside of pseudofibrillar structures of the cytoplasma. The possibility of a new nosological entity should be envisaged. PMID- 807076 TI - Haemoglobin Stanleyville II (alpha75 [EF 7] Asn yeilds Lys) found in France. AB - Haemoglobin Stanleyville II has been found several times in individuals from Central Africa. This paper now reports its discovery in Alsace, in a family of long-standing local ancestry. PMID- 807077 TI - A case of homozygous haemoglobin Lepore Boston in Iran. AB - Homozygous haemoglobin LeporeBoston disease is described in an Iranian 16-year old boy presenting the clinical manifestations of BETA-thalassaemia major. The parents were related (cousins), and both carriers of Lepore trait. It seems that the symptoms are milder in this case than what reported before. PMID- 807078 TI - A review of transfusion complications. PMID- 807079 TI - Cross-linking and coupling of rabbit muscle aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase by glutaraldehyde. AB - The mode of cross-linking of rabbit-muscle aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase by glutaraldehyde was studied. The about 5 A long reagent can partly cross-link subunits within the tetramers, whereas it is readily able to make intermolecular cross-links producing polymeric enzyme species. Of the two enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has a greater tendency to polymerize in the presence of glutaraldehyde. In the case of aldolase, the inter- and intramolecular cross-links between subunits can be distinguished by SDS gel electrophoresis. The copolymerization pattern of the two enzymes indicates that, though the formation of mixed polyenzymes can be detected by affinity chromatography on human erythrocyte ghosts, under the conditions tested these proteins do not form heterologous enzyme complexes that could be trapped by glutaraldehyde. PMID- 807080 TI - Clinical survey of and pathogenic approach to para-articular ossifications in long-term coma. AB - 1. Thirteen patients with para-articular ossification complicating long-term coma are presented. In a series of 26 patients with long-term coma following cerebral traumatic lesions, seven cases were found with para-articular ossification. 2. The high frequency of elbow involvement is emphasized, and in all these cases posterior ossifications were present. 3. In five patients, ossifications were observed in limbs which were not paralytic and in which integrity of the efferent nerve tracts could be demonstrated. 4. The importance of functional or paralytical immobility and of a completely bedridden condition in the patients is emphasized. 5. The aetiopathogenesis of para-articular ossifications still remains unknown, but a prolonged complete immobilization possibly induces vasomotor, metabolic and trophic disorders, which can give rise to metaplasia. PMID- 807081 TI - A review of genetics in orthopaedics. AB - A review of disorders with a known genetic basis which occur in orthopaedic practice is presented. Four groups of skeletal dysplasias are briefly described (short-limbed dwarfism, metaphyseal disorders, disorders of increased bone density and the storage diseases). Amongst the multifactorial defects, the aetiological relationship of congenital scoliosis with multiple vertebral anomalies to the neural tube defect is noted, as well as the high proportion of ankylosing spondylitis patients with HL-A27 antigen. A summary of current practice in antenatal diagnosis is given, including modern methods of detecting open neural tube defects by estimating alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 807082 TI - Ankle lesions. AB - The author gives an account of the different clinical and roentgenological methods that are used today in diagnosing ligament injuries and fractures of the ankle. Therapeutically the importance of an anatomically satisfactory and preferably stable joint reconstruction is emphasized in order to reduce the frequency of ankle instability and arthrosis deformans. Probably most of the problems in ankle traumatology are already solved; however, total joint replacements may become a valuable contribution to our therapeutic arsenal. PMID- 807083 TI - [Procedure for the preparation of effervescent vaginal tablets for veterinary use]. PMID- 807084 TI - Activity of enzymes participating in the synthesis and degradation of glucuronides in postirradiative disease. PMID- 807086 TI - Induction of physical dependence on alcohol in rodents. AB - An ethanol withdrawal syndrome consisting of tremors and seizures can be induced in rats and mice. This syndrome closely resembles the physical signs observed in human patients during alcohol withdrawal. The criteria for an animal model of a human disease appear to be fulfilled regarding the etiological agent, course of illness, the similarity of physical and electrophysiological manifestations and response to therapeutic agents. Therefore these models should lend themselves for the elucidation of the pathogenesis at the molecular level of biological organization and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Criteria for an optimal animal model of ethanol dependence are outlined. Withdrawal signs are classified into minor (startle threshold and exploratory behavior) and major types (tremors and seizures). Methods for quantification of tremors and seizures are described. The procedures for induction of the major withdrawal signs are classified according to the mode of ethanol administration designed to circumvent the animal's inherent aversion to the taste of ethanol: Oral (free feeding, behavioral modifications of free feeding and force feeding), parenteral and inhalation. Auxiliary procedures consist of pyrazole administration and weight reduction resulting in a decreased rate of ethanol metabolism. Exposure to low environmental temperatures increases consumption of ethanol containing diets without proportionately increasing the rate of ethanol metabolism. Auxiliary procedures for the induction of seizures during withdrawal consist of handling the animals and audiogenic stimuli. Advantages and limitations of various rodent models are evaluated in terms of the procedures (practicability, compounding variables) and their results (reproducibility, severity and yield of major withdrawal signs, objective quantification). It is concluded that none of the current methods fulfill all requisites for all types of experiments. The selection of methods best suited for a particular experiment depend upon its objectives. PMID- 807085 TI - Distribution and retention of 169-YbCl3, 169-Yb-EDTA and 169-Yb-DTPA injected intravenously in the rat. PMID- 807087 TI - Stereotaxic lesions and movement disorders in monkeys. PMID- 807089 TI - Dopaminergic agonists in animal models of parkinsonism. PMID- 807088 TI - Drug interactions with dopamin-stimulated adenylate cyclasses of caudate nucleus and retina: direct agonist effect of a piribedil metabolite. AB - Dopamine- and apomorphine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, which is antagonized by neuroleptic drugs (pimozide, fulphenazine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol), is present in caudate nucleus and retina of several mammalian species. The presence of abeta-OH group in a catecholamine agonist decreases maximal efficacy without altering sensitivity in the cebus monkey caudate system, whereas only sensitivity is decreased in the bovine retinal system (Brown and Makman, 1972). The presence of N-methyl or N-isopropyl or even the more extensive side chain modification and N-substitution present in S 584 has little or no effect on sensitivity or maximal response in monkey caudate. Such features result in major species differences in response to agents such as IPNE. The potent direct stimulatory effect of S 584 but not of piribedil on adenylate cyclase, the indirect stimulation of cyclase by preincubation of intact caudate with piribedil, and the effect of piribedil on cAMP content of intact caudate suggest the following mode of action of piribedil: conversion in the caudate to a catechol metabolite (S 584), which in turn stimulates the postsynaptic adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 807090 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of immunoglobulins. PMID- 807091 TI - Letter: Surgical vs. medical therapy in unstable angian. PMID- 807092 TI - Letter: Lactose feeding in lactose-intolerant monkeys. PMID- 807093 TI - Letter: Lactose feeding in lactose-intolerant monkeys. PMID- 807094 TI - Plasma vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. III. Response to varying dietary treatments. AB - Plasma vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, and prealbumin concentrations have been studied in 38 northern Thai children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). The 4-week study period consisted of 1 week of stabilization followed by 3 weeks of treatment with formula diets varying in their protein and calorie content. The stabilization period comprised 7 days of initial treatment with fluids, antibiotics, and a gradually increasing intake of protein and calories to a final level of 1 g protein and 100 kcal/kg of body weight. During this period vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin levels all showed significant increases compared to admission values, whereas plasma albumin and total protein did not change. During the subsequent 3 weeks, the effects of four different dietary regimens, with daily calorie and protein intakes of 100 or 175 kcal/kg and 1 or 4 g/kg, respectively, were studied. Significant increases in plasma total protein concentration were seen in each of the four test groups, and increases in plasma albumin and prealbumin were also seen in three of the four test groups, and increases in plasma albumin and prealbumin were also seen in three of the four test groups (all but the 175 kcal-1 g protein group). Significant increases in plasma vitamin A levels were not seen in any of the groups. The higher protein regimens (4 g/kg per day) resulted in much greater increases in plasma albumin and total protein levels than did the lower protein regimens. No significant differences in the changes in retinol-binding protein or vitamin A levels were apparent between the test groups. Sixteen additional children with both clinical vitamin A deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition showed significant increases in total plasma vitamin A concentrations 24 hours after the intramuscular injection of 100,000 IU water-miscible vitamin A palmitate, without a change in plasma retinol-binding protein concentrations. These studies demonstrate that plasma retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations are more rapidly responsive and sensitive to dietary protein intake than is plasma albumin concentration. Furthermore, the absence of a 24 hour rise in plasma retinol-binding protein after parenteral vitamin A provides further evidence that hepatic retinol-binding protein synthesis is impaired in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 807095 TI - The insertion tape: a new circumference tape for use in nutritional assessment. AB - Certain body circumferences, such as the mid-upper arm circumference, are regarded as useful indicators of the nutritional status of children. The insertion tape is designed to reduce errors of measurement, prone to occur with the present tapes. At the widened origin of the new tape is a narrow slot perpendicular to the tape's long axis. The measurer threads the distal end of the tape though this slot, tightens to the required tension around the circumference and reads from an open window near the slot. Modifications of the basic tape for specific uses of measurement, screening and survey, are described. PMID- 807097 TI - Food and population. PMID- 807096 TI - Experimental production of elevated serum folate in dogs with intestinal blind loops. II. Nature of bacterially produced folate coenzymes in blind loop fluid. AB - Jejunal and ileal blind loops were constructed in separate groups of dogs and the folate coenzymes present in these loops were investigated. Although only those dogs with high blind loops had appreciably elevated folate levels active for Lactobacillus casei but not Streptococcus faecalis, every blind loop appeared to contain four folate compounds--5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid, 5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid and a compound tentatively identified as 5-formyltetrahydrofolic triglutamate. Why increased levels of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate alone are present in the serum of dogs with a high blind loop is discussed. PMID- 807099 TI - Evaluation of HBsAg detection methods from AABB-CAP survey data. AB - The results obtained by referees and participants on nine HBsAg survey panels are reviewed. Comparison of the two methods used by the majority of participants, counterelectrophoresis (CEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), shows that the latter consistently identifies a larger number of the positive samples. The RIA results show some problems with specificity, but these were reduced during the two-year period. The performance of the participants using CEP improved during the two year period. The Survey documents the change in popularity of the methods. PMID- 807098 TI - Bone marrow histology in monoclonal macroglobulinemia. AB - Rywlin, Arkadi, M., Civantos, Francisco, Ortega, Rolando S., and Dominguez, Carlos J.: Bone marrow histology in monoclonal macroglobulinemiamam J Clin Pathol 63. 769-778, 1975. Histologic sections and smears of aspirated bone marrow particles in 26 cases of monoclonal macroglobulinemia were studied. The bone marrows did not show uniform histologic features. Twenty-two patients had various degrees of lymphoid infiltration of the marrow, including nodules of malignant lymphoma, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and normal lymphoid nodules. Four patients had no demonstrable lymphoid collections in the marrow. Additional histologic features of the marrows are summarized. A variant of a Dutcher body consisting of multiple PAS-positive inclusions that by light microscopy appear intranuclear is described. Even though the average macroglobulin levels were higher in patients with abnormal lymphoid infiltrates than in patients with noraml or no lymphoid collections, there was considerable overlap between individual patients values in the different groups. Similarly, no correlation between macroglobulin levels and other histologic features could be established. Patients with monoclonal macroglobulinemia represent a spectrum including benign monoclonal gammopathy, lymphoproliferative disorders of the marrow, nodal or extranodal lymphomas. The separation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia by arbitrary criteria does not appear justified. (key words: Bone marrow; Monoclonal macroglobulinemia. PMID- 807100 TI - The College of American Pathologists comprehensive blood bank survey program, 1973. AB - The 1973 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program of the College of American Pathologists was administered to 2,200 laboratories and blood banks throughout the United States. The results showed a considerable increase in the accuracy of the testing and in the performance of reagents. Accuracy of ABO testing was 99.3%; Rh testing, 99%; crossmatching was 98.9% correct. Antibody detection was correct 96.3% of the time, with the exception of a cold-reacting anti-P1 which was found by only 62% of the participants. About the same number of laboratories also did not find the antibody during the crossmatch procedure. A sample from a donor with a positive antiglobulin test created much confusion and was misinterpreted in a number of ways. Reagents were found to be performing well with the exception of two, one [anti-hr'(C)] which produced a significant number of false positives, and another (anti-Kell) which produced numerous false negatives. The results seem to indicate that the anti-hr'(C) from several manufacturers is at fault for this error, while the anti-Kell errors showed no predilection for manufacturers and may represent erroneous testing by the laboratories or a failure to employ adequate quality control. PMID- 807101 TI - Team approach to total parenteral nutrition. AB - The organization, function, and results of a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) team consisting of a surgical staff physician, a senior surgery resident, a nurse and a pharmacist are described. The TPN team has treated 160 patients. The incidence of septicemia as a complication of TPN has been less than 1% and the rate of serious metabolic derangements of TPN has been 2.7% for electrolyte aberrations and 5% for significant glycosuria in this series. It is recommended that hospitals that cannot provide such a team should refer patients requiring TPN to a center with a TPN team. PMID- 807102 TI - Stability of stabilized nitroglycerin tablets in typical distribution and administration systems. AB - A study was undertaken to determine whether or not the present extreme restrictions on the packaging of nitroglycerin tablets are indeed necessary when dispensing the newer stabilized tablets. Baseline tests were conducted on two molded and two compressed sublingual nitroglycerin tablets to determine weight variation, content uniformity, average potency and friability. Stability tests included: (1) use test designed to simulate patient use from a single bottle of 100 tablets over a one-month period; (2) an open plate study wherein tablets were exposed to the atmosphere for 100 days; (3) strip packaging of tablets using foil foil or foil-cello systems; (4) placement of tablets in medication cups for a seven-day period; (5) repackaging 30-tablet batches in a variety of common prescription containers. All brands of tablets retained potency during normal use when dispensed and stored in their original containers. However, one brand was superior to all others when placed under stress conditions such as open plate exposure. These tablets also retained labeled potency when exposed in a medication cup for a seven-day period, or when repackaged in either foil-foil or foil-cello strips, or when dispensed in a number of ordinary prescription containers. The study indicated that this brand of nitroglycerin tablets might be handled like any other solid dosage form in hospital distribution systems without endangering patient care. However, exceptions to present packaging restrictions must be cleared with the Food and Drug Administration. PMID- 807103 TI - The clinical correlates of IgM M-components: an analysis of thirty-four patients. AB - Thirty-four patients with an IgM M-component were evaluated for clinical presentation and course, laboratory data, and histologic findings. An attempt was made to ignore the presence of the IgM M-component and to assign each patient to one of the following categories: Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, IgM myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, and IgM M-components not associated with an identifiable lymphoproliferative disorder ("benign" M-component). Although transitional forms occasionally occurred, most patients could be readily categorized. The patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia did not appear to behave differently from patients with these disorders who did not have serum IgM M-component. Both for descriptive convenience and for clinical management, continued attempts should be made to separate patients with IgM M-components according to their underlying conditions. PMID- 807104 TI - A case of chronic meningococcemia with unusual features. AB - A patient with chronic meningococcemia with the unusual features of subungual splinter hemorrhages, a pericardial friction rub, and a culture positive skin lesion is presented. Group specific and homologous antibody responses were absent and the nitroblue tetrazolium test for infection was negative. The clinical features and the difficulty in explaining the mechanism of the relatively benign course that characterizes this disease are discussed. PMID- 807105 TI - Meningococcal pneumonia. AB - A patient with meningococcal pneumonia which developed following therapy for an earlier episode of pneumococcal pneumonia is presented. This entity is most frequently associated with an antecedent viral respiratory illness and/or a concurrent infection with Hemophilus influenzae or diplococcus pneumoniae. The characteristics of this disease are discussed and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms reviewed. PMID- 807106 TI - Teaching patients about nitroglycerin. PMID- 807107 TI - Increased uterine activity and fetal deterioration during maternal hyperthermia. AB - The role of hyperthermia in the absence of infection has been investigated in the pregnant baboon. Twenty-three near term animals were used. Catheters were placed in maternal and fetal arteries and thermocouples implanted in maternal colon and fetal esophagus. Maternal temperature was raised to between 41 and 42 degrees Centigrade (C.), by applying external heat. The temperature gradient between fetus and mother (delta T F-M) was 0.47 degree C. under steady-state conditions with maternal temperature at 38 degrees C. and rose to 0.75 degree C. at 42 degrees C. Hyperthermia caused a twofold increase in uterine activity; a metabolic acidosis developed in the mother and a profound acidosis and hypoxia developed in the fetus. There was also a marked fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate in both mother and fetus; late deceleration of the fetal heart rate occurred at a higher oxygen level and pHa than has been observed under normothermic conditions. PMID- 807108 TI - Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Relationship of maternal factors and delivery room practices to effective control measures. AB - Gonococcal opthalmia (proved by cultures) occurred in 11 infants delivered at the Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of Brookly (JHMCB) during a three and one-half year period. Two more infant had conjunctivitis with presumptive evidence of gonococci (Gram stain of eye discharge). Silver nitrate was instilled in the eyes of the neonates by registered nurses. Maternal histories of these infants showed lack of prenatal care in ten, history of gonorrhea in pregnancy in three, and positive serology (STS) in two; ten of the mothers were unmarried. The over-all incidence of gonorrhea at the JHMCB prenatal clinic screening program is very low (0.02 per cent). Prevention of neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia depends on: vigorous screening of mothers at delivery as well as during prenatal visits, careful attention to instillation of silver nitrate in the neonates' eyes, development of serologic tests for gonorrhea, and improved bacteriologic methods for culturing the organism. PMID- 807109 TI - The bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was studied in 20 patients by simultaneous cul-de-sac, cervical, and blood cultures with aerobic and fastidious anaerobic techniques. Cul-de-sac cultures were positive in 18 of 20 patients, while all 8 normal control subjects yielded negative results (p less than 0.0005, chi-square analysis). Anaerobic bacteria (predominatly Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus) were present in 10 patients (59 per cent), and they were the exclusive isolates in 3 patients. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated only once from the cul-de-sac despite its presence in cervical specimens. There was poor correlation between cul-de-sac and cervical cultures. Cervical cultures yielded a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with an average of 3.8 organisms per specimen. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated in 13 patients (65 per cent). Only 19 per cent of cervical isolates were recovered by culdocentesis; similarly, only 31 per cent of cul-de-sac isolates were simultaneously isolated from the cervix. Blood cultures were uniformly negative. These data suggest that: (1) culdocentesis is a reliable technique for the bacteriologic diagnosis of acute PID, and (2) whereas the gonococcus may be important in initiating acute PID, its primary role appears to be paving the way for secondary invaders from the normal vaginal flora to gain access to the upper genital tract. PMID- 807110 TI - Letter: Screening for gonorrhea. PMID- 807111 TI - Aspirin stabilization of the blood-aqueous barrier in the human eye. AB - After anterior chamber paracentesis, patients responded with an effusion of protein into the anterior chamber. Pretreatment with aspirin significantly decreased this trauma-induced, probably prostaglandin-mediated, disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. Protein levels in aqueous humor of human eyes were measured in samples taken initially and five minutes after anterior chamber tap. The protein rise of 53% in five minutes in control patients was limited to 7% in patients pretreated with systemically administered aspirin. Prostaglandin mechanisms may be important in human ocular trauma and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may control the reaction to surgical trauma. PMID- 807112 TI - The skin of primates. XLII. The skin of the silvered sakiwinki (Pithecia monachus). AB - The following characteristics indicate that the skin of the silvered sakiwinki (Pithecia monachus, E. Geoffroy, 1812) is not only basically similar to other primitive cebids, but also remarkably close to that of callithricids: a thin epidermis with diminished monoamine oxidase activity; a poorly-developed dermis, paucity of elastic fibers, and scant adnexal blood supply; hair follicles arranged in linear perfect sets; grouped hairs present on the cheek; an absence of glycogen and phosphorylase in most sebaceous glands; apocrine glands present throughout most haired body regions, but totally absent from the dorsum; and poorly-differentiated eccrine glands, confined to volar friction surfaces, which are characterized by unusual glycolytic properties. Other noteworthy cutaneous traits include: concomitant epidermal and dermal pigmentation in the face and scalp; Merkel-like disks in the friction surfaces; moderately well-developed Haarscheibe, associated with large, dorsal guard hairs; small, discrete sebaceous glands throughout the dorsum; a 1:1 ratio of apocrine glands to hair follicles in the facial, gular and anogenital areas; and numerous cholinesterase-reactive nerves around eccrine but not apocrine secretory coils. Although previous comparative studies on the skin of New World monkeys suggest that the systematic designation of two familial taxa is warranted, information regarding five of the fifteen genera which comprise the families Callithricidae and Cebidae is totally lacking. Given that three of these genera (Leontopithecus, Chiropotes and Brachyteles) can no longer be obtained from animal dealers because of exportation laws, the authors were fortunate to acquire representatives of the remaining two genera: Callicebus (titi monkeys) and Pithecia (sakiwinkis). Besides defining cutaneous characteristics common to specific taxa, two earlier works by Hanson and Montagna ('62) and Perkins et al, ('68) also suggested that members of the cebid subfamilies Aotinae and Pitheciinae possess cutaneous traits that bridge an interesting gap with the callithricids. Therefore, the acquisition of these two additional aotine and pithecine genera provided the opportunity to test this hypothesis. The following, therefore, is not just another detailed manuscript regarding the skin of primates. Rather, it is an effort to define the integumental characteristics of the last obtainable New World monkey genera, and to assess those cutaneous signatures which are interfamilially common to both the callithricids and more primitive cebids. Primary emphasis is placed on the genus Pithecia; pertinent findings concerning Callicebus will be incorporated into the forthcoming and final summarization of the phylogenetic significance of the skin of New World monkeys (Perkins, '75). PMID- 807113 TI - Intraspecific chromosome variability in a lemur from the north of Madagascar: Lepilemur septentrionalis, species nova. AB - A cytogenetical study of 25 Lepilemur from the north of Madagascar has given evidence for six karyotypes (with four diploid numbers). Four of the karyotypes with these diploid numbers--2N = 38, 2N = 36, 2N = 34--we believe evolved from one another by centric fusion; and two karyotypes resulted from the hybridization of two of these (2N = 37 and 2N = 35). The different karyotypes distinguish themselves clearly from those of other species of Lepilemur. We have named a new species, Lepilemur septentrionalis (sp. nov.) with four subspecies: L. s. andrafiamenensis (2N = 38), L. s. ankaranensis (2N = 36), L. s. sahafarensis (2N = 36), and L. s. septentrionalis (2N = 34). PMID- 807114 TI - New hominids from East Rudolf, Kenya, I. AB - Important new hominid fossils from the Plio-Pleistocene sediments of Lake Rudolf, Kenya, are described. They include: a partial, adult cranium with most of the calvaria and some of the facial skeleton preserved; a complete right femur; and bones of a single left lower limb--femur and upper and lower parts of the tibia and a small portion of fibula. Detailed comparative descriptions will be published later. PMID- 807115 TI - Genetic distances among the Ho tribe and other groups of Central Indians. AB - The Ho, a settled tribal group of Chota Nagpur, India, were tested for five genetic characters. Genetic distance among eleven tribal groups of Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh are calculated according to Edwards ('71). Affinities of these tribes are discussed taking into consideration the languages spoken by them. These breeding groups may have drifted apart along the paths of their dialect differentiations. Cultural and geographical factors further enhanced their isolation. PMID- 807116 TI - Phylogenetic implications of comparative primate growth rates. AB - Growth data from a number of species of Old and New World primates have been analyzed by calculating instantaneous relative growth rates. Species discussed are the New World species Saimiri sciureus and Saguinus nigricollis, and the Old World species Pan troglodytes and Macaca mulatta. The analysis of the perinatal growth data indicated that differences in relative growth rates are present during early periods of growth. More specifically, it was found that the closer taxonomically a species is to man the greater the deceleration of growth during the first postnatal year. It is suggested that this may be a general primate trend. PMID- 807117 TI - Effect of aldosterone on potassium transport in the toad bladder. AB - The effect of aldosterone on potassium uptake by the toad bladder is described. The hormone stimulated the uptake of potassium across the serosal border of the bladder. The increased uptake was the consequence of an increase in the rate of potassium influx. An effect on potassium uptake was characterized by a latent period of approximately 60 min; it was evident for periods as long as 5 h, and it was abolished by addition of actinomycin D. The time course of the aldosterone effect on potassium closely resembled the effect of the hormone on sodium transport. It is suggested that aldosterone influences potassium transport in the toad bladder via DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. In addition, it is suggested that the effect of the hormone on potassium and sodium may be in some way related. PMID- 807118 TI - Thickening of the heel-pad associated with long-term Dilantin therapy. AB - Thickening of the heel-pad is added to the list of side effects of Dilantin medication. Any measurement above 20 mm. in a white patient was considered abnormal. Only 1 of 43 controls measured above this value, while in patients receiving Dilantin the percentage of patients manifesting abnormally thickened hell-pads increased steadily with length of treatment; after 10 years 7 out of 12 patients showed this change. Dilantin medication should be included in the differential diagnosis of heel-pad thickening. PMID- 807119 TI - Recreation-that important, but often forgotten, treatment in the total care of the long-term resident. PMID- 807121 TI - A fluorescent assay for bacterial cell wall lytic enzymes. PMID- 807120 TI - The emergency management of diabetes mellitus. AB - Some of the acute metabolic derangements of unstable diabetes have been discussed. The management of patients undergoing surgical operations has also been considered. No problems are usually encountered in diabetic patients treated with diet alone or with oral hypoglycaemic compounds, although chlorpropamide may need to be stopped sometime before operation. Patients receiving insulin therapy should be stabilised pre-operatively on a regimen which will allow more flexible management during operation and in the postoperative period; this can be readily performed by placing the patient on soluble insulin and giving spaced dosages. Other routines may be used for minor procedures. Adequate supplies of carbohydrate should be given in the form of intravenous dextrose and under no circumstances should oral glucose be given in the 6 hours before operation. PMID- 807122 TI - A tube-cutting device for fractionating preparative gradients from the ultracentrifuge. PMID- 807123 TI - Mono-oxygenase activity in hepatic microsomes isolated by isoelectric precipitation. PMID- 807124 TI - A method for the isolation of cytidylate series from ribonuclease T1 oligonucleotides. PMID- 807125 TI - Methodology for in vitro studies of Ca-2+ transport. PMID- 807126 TI - Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry: formation of phenoxide ions from chlorinated aromatic compounds. PMID- 807127 TI - Case history number 85.* Neurofibromatosis, renal hypertension, and cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 807128 TI - Synthesis of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, a rare nucleoside from t-RNA. PMID- 807129 TI - Facial changes in the Macaca mulatta monkey by orthopedic opening of the midpalatal suture. PMID- 807130 TI - Soil-borne viruses occurring in nursery soils and infecting some ornamental species of rosaceae. PMID- 807131 TI - Serological and immunoelectrophoretic relationships among viruses in the tombusvirus group. PMID- 807132 TI - Comparison of canine distemper viral strains: an electron microscopic study. AB - A canine distemper (CD) viral strain, designated R252, originally obtained from a dog with demyelinating encephalomyelitis has been shown to reproduce this disease in gnotobiotic dogs in a high incidence in contradistinction to other CD viral strains which produce an acute fatal disease. Because comparision of R252 strain with the Snyder Hill (SH) and Onderstepoort (Ond) strains revealed differences in in vitro behavior, the 3 viruses were ultrastructurally investigated. The results revealed differences among the 3 viruses: Cytoplasmic nucleocapsid aggregates were characteristic of R252, diffuse aggregates of nucleocapsids were characteristic of SH, and although budding viral particles were recognized in Ond infected cells, few nucleocapsids were seen in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic fibrillar structures were characteristic of R252- and Ond-infected cells. The budding viral particles observed with R252 and SH were similar, whereas Ond budding particles seemed to contain fewer nucleocapsids. Intranuclear inclusions recognized in R252- and SH-infected cultures appeared as areas of clearing of nucleoplasm along with disruption of the nucleolus. The presence of nucleocapsid like structures was variable. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusions in cells infected with all 3 viruses progressed from focal aggregates of nucleocapsids to electron-dense bodies. PMID- 807133 TI - Double electroimmunodiffusion: a rapid diagnostic test for canine coccidioidomycosis. AB - Double electroimmunodiffusion (EID) was adapted for detection of antibodies to Coccidioides immitis. In a limited experiment with canine serums, the test was found to be qualitatively as sensitive as the complement-fixation (CF) test. Advantages of EID over CF are that EID takes only 30 minutes to perform and requires only 10 mul each of antigen and antibody. PMID- 807134 TI - Incidence of antibody for hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in serums from swine in the United States. AB - Serums prepared from blood collected from swine in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington were examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibody to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV). Antibody was detected in serums from swine in each of the states except Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The frequency of antibody ranged from 10.9% (6 of 55) with serums from swine in Oregon, to 98.6% (71 of 72) with serums from sows in Iowa. A total of 1,241 serums (438 from hysterectomy derived, colostrum-deprived, neonatal pigs and 803 from older swine) were examined by the HI test. Antibody was detected in 578 (72%) of 803 serums from older swine but not from any of the 438 serums from neonatal pigs. The 803 serums from older swine all were examined by the agar gel diffusion (AGD) test, and antibody was detected in 364 (45.3%). Some of the 803 serums (349 from butcher swine in Iowa) were also examined by the serum-neutralization (SN) test. The number and percentage of the 349 serums with detectable antibody by SN, HI and AGD tests were 331 (94.8%), 313 (89.7%) and 181 (51.9%), respectively. PMID- 807135 TI - Antibody formation in rabbits exposed to aerosols containing spores of Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Rabbits were exposed once a day for 1 to 10 consecutive days to aerosols containing spores of Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of spores used at each 5 minute exposure during an experiment was constant, but the level of exposure was different for each of the 4 experiments. Precipitating antibodies were detected only in serums from rabbits that had inhaled at least 1.6 X 10-6 spores/g of lung tissue at each of 6 exposures or 1.8 X 10-6 spores at 2 exposures. A single exposure to 3.6 X 10-5 spores was sufficient to stimulate antibody detectable in passive hemagglutination (HA) tests. None of the rabbits died from aspergillosis, and signs of infection were transient. PMID- 807137 TI - Creative nursing opportunity in the nation's nursing homes. PMID- 807136 TI - Experimentally induced sarcocystis infection in calves: pathology. AB - Calves fed sporocysts of Sarcocystis isolated from the feces of dogs and coyotes became anorectic, lost weight, and became anemic and prostrate, and died. The most severe pathologic changes occurred between 26 and 33 days after infection; schizonts were found throughout the body. Schizonts were not found after this time. Sarcocytis cysts were in skeletal and cardiac muscles between 33 and 54 days. Necropsy revealed lymphadenopathy, paleness of the mucous membranes and visceral organs, ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and serous atrophy of fat. Ecchymotic or petechial hemorrhage was in heart, brain, serosa of the alimentary tract, and urinary bladder. Microscopic changes observed in nearly all calves consisted of hemorrhage, mononuclear cell (primarily lymphocytic) infiltration and edema in heart, brain, liver, lung, kidney, and striated muscle. Necrotizing myocarditis with dystrophic calcification of the striated muscle and fat, as well as nonsuppurative inflammation of meninges and glial nodules in the brain, was observed in several calves. PMID- 807139 TI - Inactivation of phages DS6A and D29 by acetone extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. AB - The adsorption rate constant for mycobacteriophage DS6A on clumped cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv was found to be 6.33 x 10(-13) ml per min per colony former. Acetone-extracted cells of H37Rv did not absorb phage DS6A. Acetone extracts of cells of H37Rv and of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG inhibited plaque formation of mycobacteriophage DS6A and of phage D29. Suspensions of these extracts in heart infusion broth with 0.002 M calcium chloride and 1 per cent dioxane required 20 hours of incubation (activation) at 37 degrees C with stirring before they were capable of inactivating phage DS6A, but did not require activation for inhibition of phage D29. Sonication of water mixtures of these extracts for 45 sec yielded suspensions that were highly active against phage DS6A and independent of the 20-hour lag period. Such preparations were also active against phage D29. The extract prepared from cells of BCG was more active than the extract from cells of H37Rv. Water washing of chloroform solutions of each extract did not remove significant amounts of solid material or reduce the phage-inactivating activites of either extract. PMID- 807138 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection followed by Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia and bacteremia. AB - A 31-year-old, previously healthy woman contracted Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, proved by isolation and serologic titer rise. She was inadequately treated, and before complete recovery, she became ill with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia and bacteremia. PMID- 807141 TI - Tuberculin-induced lymphocyte transformation and skin reactivity in monkeys vaccinated or not vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin, then challenged with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The in vitro lymphocyte transformation test was compared to the skin test at intervals after aerogenic administration of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine to monkeys, and also at monthly intervals after aerogenic challenge of monkeys vaccinated and not vaccinated with virulent strain H37Rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Individual responses varied, but several consistent patterns of sensitivity development could be discerned. The lymphocyte transformation test was more sensitive, and often positive when the skin test was negative, doubtful, or feeble. Conversion to tuberculin reactivity was detected by lymphocyte transformation in vitro earlier in the disease or after vaccination, and persisted longer after sensitivity to the skin test had waned or after the animals had become anergic by the skin test. Monkeys not vaccinated, but challenged, developed larger in vitro skin reactions and responses than animals that were either vaccinated and challenged or only vaccinated; however, the unvaccinated, challenged monkeys developed anergy to tuberculin and progressive disease more rapidly than other groups, and their cells became less responsive to phytohemagglutinin in vitro. PMID- 807140 TI - Failure of isoniazid prophylaxis after exposure to isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. AB - We report the failure of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis to prevent the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculin conversion in contacts of patients infected with isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although failure of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis has been reported rarely in contracts of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis, the cases reported here as well as previous observations by others suggest that isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for contracts of patients with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis may not be effective and that other agents must be considered. Initial chemotherapy of active pulmonary tuberculosis in contacts of known drug-resistant patients should be based on drug susceptibility studies in the index case. PMID- 807142 TI - Letter: LDH-binding immunoglobulins. PMID- 807143 TI - [Our experience with transplantation of the endocrine pancreas. Experimental studies]. PMID- 807144 TI - Microtubule protein pools in early development. AB - Microtubule protein pools have been demonstrated to exist in unfertilized eggs and the early embryonic stages of several organisms. The microtubule pool of the sea urchin embryo is constant in size (about 0.4% of the total embryo protein) throughout early development. Protein withdrawn from this pool for organelle assembly is replaced by new synthesis. Eggs and embryos of Drosophila similarly contain a pool of microtubule proteins (larger than or equal to 0.4% of the total embryo protein, congruent to 3% of the soluble protein), which is constant in size throughout early development. The Drosophila egg microtubule proteins are easily purified by self-assembly in vitro of microtubules, and are similar to microtubule proteins from other organisms in molecular weight and other properties. Synthesis of microtubule proteins in sea urchin embryos is supported by oogenetic mRNA. This appears also to be the case in molluscan (Ilyanassa) embryos. It is not known whether Drosophila embryos synthesize microtubule proteins during the early stages of development. PMID- 807145 TI - Isolation of sea urchin mitotic apparatus using glycerol-dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 807146 TI - [Concerning 25 cases of intrathoracic nerve tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 807147 TI - Left ventricular function in acute and chronic coronary artery disease. AB - The evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction has shown: 1. Limitations in the use and interpretation of central venous pressure. 2. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure reflects left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the absence of pulmonary vascular or mitral valve disease. 3. Frequent elevations of left ventricular filling pressure in mild or clinically uncomplicated infarction. 4. Anterior infarctions present greater depression of left ventricular function than inferior infarctions. 5. Initial hemodynamic measurements in cardiogenic shock can predict prognosis with medical management. 6. Left ventricular function frequently improves during the early convalescent period. 7. Hemodynamic monitoring can be useful in following changes in left ventricular function and the response to therapy. The assessment of left ventricular performance in patients with chronic heart disease has shown: 1. Resting hemodynamic measurements are often normal but abnormalities can be observed in patients with disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery, diffuse coronary involvement, and after myocardial infarction. 2. Increases in end-diastolic volume or dilatation and left ventricular mass or hypertrophy can develop in severe coronary disease and after myocardial infarction. 3. The size of abnormally contracting segment after myocardial infarction is related to abnormalities in compliance, ventricular end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, and clinical manifestations of heart failure. 4. Exercise and atrial pacing can produce clinical and hemodynamic abnormalities. 5. The ejection fraction is significantly related to the slope of the ventricular function curve. 6. Angiographic abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion can be increased with atrial pacing and reduced with nitroglycerin or epinephrine. PMID- 807148 TI - Oxygen toxicity. PMID- 807150 TI - The role of radiation therapy in the definitive treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 807149 TI - Disorders of the lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 807151 TI - Pharmacology of marijuana. PMID- 807152 TI - Selenium in biology. AB - The role of Se in biology appears from the evidence now at hand to be as a catalyst par excellence. As unique prosthetic group of a variety of enzymes, presumably as Se(2-), Se functions with tocopherol to protect cell and organelle membranes from oxidative damage, to facilitate the union between oxygen and hydrogen at the end of the metabolic chain, and to transfer ions across cell membranes, in protein synthesis in erythrocytes and in liver organelles, in immunoglobulin synthesis, and in ubiquinone syntheses. As perhaps the most versatile and rapid nucleophile, Se is thought to amplify and orient SH in equilibrium -S-S-interactions involving glutathione and proteins. Its toxicity appears to be due to overaccumulation of selenite ions, which act as oxidants to inhibit SH interactions. Such toxicity is readily avoided or reversed in many ways. Although not yet recognized as essential for man, Se is clearly essential for many animal species and some microorganisms. As the active selenide, Se emerged as the target for many heavy metal toxicities; contrariwise, as a specific antidote against heavy metal toxicities. Despite all this, its unusual toxicity and the many preconceived notions about Se continue to confuse attitudes toward the safe uses of selenicals. From a suspected cause of cancer, Se metamorphosed, via evidence over many years, into something of possible anticancer value. Interrelations between Se, Vitamin E, the ubiquinones, and various chronic diseases appear as beckoning research areas. The reported veterinary values of Se-tocopherol combinations in animals, together with clinical evidence, plus human and animal evidence for safety, offer promise for intensive medical investigation. The historical confusion and misunderstandings regarding Se must be corrected, however, before advantage can be taken of its potential for human welfare. The many misjudgments about Se, ever since 1900 and more obviously since the 1930s, have involved other trace elements. Unrealistic regulations stemming from these misunderstandings prevail worldwide. Evidence suggests that, once the nutrition biochemistry and toxicology of Se is sufficiently understood and appreciated, major breakthroughs in agriculture, medicine, and public health can result. Much has been accomplished along these lines in New Zealand in animal agriculture, in the US and other countries in veterinary medicine, and in Mexico in human medicine. PMID- 807154 TI - R factor-mediated aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a new aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase. AB - The newly introduced semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics, i.e., 3',4' dideoxykanamycin B (DKB), 6'-N-methyl DKB (6'-Me-DKB) and amikacin (AK) have been found to be effective against gram-negative pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are resistant to the known aminoglycoside antibiotics. We have demonstrated in our stock cultures two types of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to DKB, i.e., (DKB(r).AK(r).6'-Me-DKB(s)) and (DKB(r).AK(s).6'-Me-DKB(r)) (where r = resistant; s = sensitive). Both groups of strains inactivate the drugs by acetylation. The acetylating enzyme was extracted from GN4925(DKB(r).AK(s).6'-Me DKB(r)) and purified by affinity chromatography. Enzymatic studies of the inactivation reaction and chemical studies of the inactivated products indicated that DKB and 6'-Me-DKB were inactivated by acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the drugs. This enzyme acetylates kanamycin A (KM-A), KM-B, DKB, 6'-Me-DKB, 6'-N methyl kanamycin B, but not KM-C, AK, and gentamicin C(1). The enzyme is named aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase 3. Genetic studies of two strains resistant to DKB and 6'-Me-DKB disclosed that the enzyme catalyzing inactivation of both DKB and 6'-Me-DKB was mediated by an R factor, i.e., R(ms167) and R(ms168), capable of conferring resistance to KM, DKB, and 6'-Me-DKB, in addition to resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin, and sulfanilamide, and resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulfanilamide respectively. PMID- 807153 TI - Nalidixic acid and macromolecular metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis: effects on protein synthesis. AB - A study on the effect of nalidixic acid on macromolecular metabolism, particularly of protein, in Tetrahymena pyriformis was performed. It was shown that the compound is a potent inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis for this organism. A conspicuous breakdown of polysomes, accompanied by the accumulation of 80S ribosomes, occurred in cells incubated for 10 min with the drug; polysome formation was prevented. The accumulating 80S particles were shown to be run-off ribosomal units. The incorporation of amino acids by a cell-free system is not affected by nalidixic acid. In nonproliferating cells the incorporation was also not prevented, unless the cells were previously incubated with the drug. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of nalidixic acid in T. pyriformis. PMID- 807155 TI - Studies of cephalothin: aminoglycoside synergism against enterococci. AB - Combinations of cephalothin and aminoglycoside antibiotics are not currently used in the therapy of serious enterococcal infections, because clinical trials of these combinations have been unsuccessful. Studies of 28 enterococci isolated from patients with enterococcal bacteremia suggested three possible mechanisms for this in vivo antibiotic failure: (i) a relatively high level of resistance to cephalothin among all enterococci and especially those characterized as Streptococcus faecium, (ii) a significant incidence of high-level resistance to the aminoglycosides among certain strains of enterococci, and (iii) a failure of synergism to occur when cephalothin concentrations fall below the minimal inhibitory concentration of the enterococcus, as occurs during the in vivo metabolism and excretion of this antibiotic when given in standard doses for endocarditis. PMID- 807156 TI - DD-carboxypeptidase and peptidoglycan transpeptidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Peptidoglycan transpeptidase and dd-carboxypeptidase have been detected in isolated membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cephalosporins and penicillins fail to inhibit the transpeptidase at concentrations as high as 100 mug/ml. dd Carboxypeptidase, on the other hand, is sensitive to inhibition by beta-lactam antibiotics. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide in the reaction mixture results in a twofold stimulation of peptidoglycan formation, whereas dd-carboxypeptidase is inhibited approximately 30%. Maximum stimulation of transpeptidase occurs in the presence of both dimethyl sulfoxide and a beta-lactum antibiotic. This is in sharp contrast to the transpeptidase from Escherichia coli, which is sensitive to inhibition by penicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 807157 TI - Penicillin-resistant mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: binding of penicillin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338. AB - A comparison of the binding of radioactive penicillin G to whole cells and the membrane fraction derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338 was made. This organism has intrinsic resistance to penicillin. The binding to the membrane fraction which catalyzed peptidoglycan synthesis followed saturation type kinetics and saturation was achieved at approximately 2 nmol of penicillin G per ml, whereas binding to the whole cells was entirely of the nonsaturation type. The binding of carbenicillin to the membrane fraction was determined by competition between radioactive penicillin G and unlabeled carbenicillin for the binding sites. It was bound at the same sites in almost the same manner. When whole cells were pretreated with high concentration of unlabeled penicillin G or carbenicillin, the subsequent binding of radioactive penicillin G to the membrane fraction from carbenicillin-treated cells was entirely nonspecific, but with penicillin G-pretreated cells it was still specific. There was apparently specific binding of radioactive penicillin G to ethylenediaminetetraacetate treated cells. P. aeruginosa KM 338 had an extremely low activity of beta lactamase compared with other enzyme-producing organisms. This enzyme from P. aeruginosa KM 338 was of the cephalosporinase type. These data indicate that penicillin resistance of P. aeruginosa KM 338 may be a consequence of the development of a permeability barrier which prevents the antibiotic from reaching its sites of action in the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 807158 TI - Superiority of amphotericin over nystatin in Thayer-Martin medium. AB - Vaginal and cervical specimens taken for the detection of gonorrhea frequently contain Candida albicans. Thayer-Martin medium containing nystatin (VCTN) is unsatisfactory because nystatin fails to selectively inhibit C. albicans. Thayer Martin medium containing no nystatin was prepared with varying concentrations of amphotericin (VCTA) added, and this latter medium was compared with VCTN for its ability to selectively inhibit varying numbers of C. albicans. The effect of amphotericin on the recovery of varying numbers of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was also studied. VCTN failed to inhibit 10(1) to 10(6)C. albicans. VCTA suppressed growth of up to 10(6)C. albicans. The optimal concentration of amphotericin B appeared to be 100 mug/ml. VCTA containing 100 mug of amphotericin B per ml (VCTA 100) was not inhibitory for N. gonorrhoeae when a dense population was applied with a replicator. However, it was slightly inhibitory when 10(1) to 10(2)N. gonorrhoeae were applied over the entire surface of an agar plate, although the colony count on VCTA 100 was more than 50% of the counts on chocolate agar and 75% of the counts on VCTN. These properties of VCTA 100, when stored at 4 C, were stable for up to 2 weeks. PMID- 807160 TI - Purification and properties of Clostridium botulinum type F toxin. AB - Clostridium botulinum type F toxin of proteolytic Langeland strain was purified. Toxin in whole cultures was precipitated with (NH4)2SO4. Extract of the precipitate was successively chromatographed on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose at pH 6,0, O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose at pH 4.9, and finally diethylaminoethyl cellulose at pH 8.1. The procedure recovered 14 percent of the toxin assayed in the starting culture. The toxin was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, double gel diffusion serology, and isoelectric focusing. Purified toxin had a molecular weight of 150,000 by gel filtration and 155,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific toxicity was 9.6 X 10-6 mean lethal doses per absorbancy (278 nm) unit. Sub-units of 105,000 and 56,000 molecular weight are found when purified toxin is treated with a disulfide reducing agent and electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Reciprocal cross neutralizations were demonstrated when purified type F and E toxins were reacted with antitoxins which were obtained with immunizing toxoids prepared with purified toxins. PMID- 807159 TI - Genetic analysis of drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: identification and linkage relationships of loci controlling drug resistance. AB - The genetic basis of multiple drug resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was investigated by the technique of transformation. Six different genetic loci were characterized by the type and amount of antibiotic resistance they controlled, and also by the degree of linkage to other resistance markers. A streptomycin resistance locus is linked to separate loci determining resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. A multiple resistance locus was identified. This genetic locus determines resistance to a variety of antibacterial agents. Lastly, a locus determining resistance to the penicillins was found which is unlinked to any other resistance locus. PMID- 807161 TI - Microbial degradation of polyethylene glycols. AB - Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycols and polyethylene glycols (PEG) with molecular weight up to 20,000 were degraded by soil microorganisms. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to use a PEG of average molecular weight 20,000 was isolated from soil. Washed cells oxidized mono- and tetraethylene glycols, but O2 consumption was not detectable when such cells were incubated for short periods with PEG 20,000. However, the bacteria excreted an enzyme which converted low- and high-molecular-weight PEG to a product utilized by washed P. aeruginosa cells. Gas chromatography of the supernatant of a culture grown on PEG 20,000 revealed the presence of a compound co-chromatographing with diethylene glycol. A metabolite formed from PEG 20,000 by the extracellular enzyme preparation was identified as ethylene glycol by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 807162 TI - Radioisotope assay for the quantification of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediment and water. AB - A radioisotope enrichment culture method was developed to estimate the physiologically active component of a population of sulfate-reducing bacteria in environmental water and sediment samples. Aliquots of water or sediment were added to 50-ml serum bottles filled with 35-S-sulfate broth incubated for approximately 30 h. After incubation, the disintegration rate per milliliter of spent medium was measured, and the percentage of loss of activity resulting from bacterial sulfate reduction was determined. This loss of sulfate from the medium was then translated to a specific number of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans cells that would reduce an equivalent amount of sulfate in the same incubation time. This comparison was done using a series of growth curves of D. desulfuricans covering a range of inoculum densities between 10-2 and 10-7 cells. The radioassay was used to follow the effects of a pulp mill on a small anoxic river in Florida. The activity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria in the river was greatly suppressed when the mill was closed for annual maintenance. The initiation of waste treatment resulted in improved water quality in 1 week, but the river sediments required a month to show a 10-fold reduction in the population of sulfate-reducing bacteria. PMID- 807163 TI - Improved culture flask for obligate anaerobes. AB - An improved flask system for the growth of extremely oxygen-sensitive bacteria in liquid culture is described. The improvement described utilizes an all-glass, neoprene-stoppered flask designed for growth of 50- to 1,000-ml cultures of bacteria with continuous gassing. PMID- 807164 TI - Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in nature. AB - During a research project on the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes 194 strains were isolated in southern West Germany during the years 1972 to 1974:154 from soil and plant samples (20.3%), 16 from feces of deer and stag (15.7%), 9 from old moldy fodder and wildlife feeding grounds (27.2%), and 8 from birds (17.3%). The highest number of isolates was obtained from uncultivated fields. The beta hemolytic serovars 1/2b and 4b were were predominant; other serovars (some of them identified for the first time), including nonhemolyzing strains, have been encountered frequently. It is suggested that Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic organism which lives in a plant-soil environment and therefore can be contracted by humans and animals via many possible routes from many sources. PMID- 807165 TI - Membrane filter technique for enumeration of enterococci in marine waters. AB - A membrane filter procedure is described for the enumeration of enterococci in marine waters. The procedure utilizes a highly selective and somewhat differential primary isolation medium followed by an in situ substrate test for identifying colonies of those organisms capable of hydrolyzing esculin. The procedure (mE) was evaluated with known streptococci strains and field samples with regard to its accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and comparability to existing methods. Essentially quantitative recovery was obtained with seawater-stressed cells of Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium. Neither S. bovis, S. equinus, S. mitis, nor S. salivarius grew on the medium. The selectivity of the medium was such that a 10,000-fold reduction in background organisms was obtained relative to a medium which contained no inhibitors and was incubated at 35 C. About 90% of those typical colonies designated as enterococci confirmed as such and about 12% of the colonies not so designated were, in fact, identified as enterococci. Plate to plate variability across samples approximated that expected by chance alone. Verified recoveries of enterococci from natural samples by the mE procedure, on the average, exceeded those by the KF method by one order of magnitude. PMID- 807166 TI - Serum complement and immunoconglutinin in malnutrition. AB - Serum haemolytic complement activity and C3 were significantly decreased in 35 malnourished children. The changes were more pronounced in those with infection. Electrophoretically altered forms of complement C were detected in 14. There was an inverse correlation between C3 levels and immunoconglutinin titres. Nutritional rehabilitation and eradication of infection reversed the abnormalities. It is suggested that reduced complement function in malnutrition is the combined result of impaired synthesis, complement activation in vivo, and changes in plasma volume, and that it may contribute to an increased susceptibility to infection in undernourished individuals. PMID- 807167 TI - Raised IgA in idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. AB - Levels of immunoglobulin G, A, and M were studied in 31 children with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis and in 35 relatives. A selective increase in serum IgA was observed in the patients. IgA levels in saliva did not show any difference compared with those of normal children. PMID- 807168 TI - Proceedings: Pancreatic glucagon in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 807169 TI - Proceedings: Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency associated with chondroitin sulphate mucopolysaccharidosis. PMID- 807170 TI - Metabolic and hormonal studies comparing three parenteral nutrition regimens in infants. AB - Metabolic and hormonal studies were performed in 6 infants during the first 3 months of life while receiving 3 different types of parenteral nutrition: 1) 20% glucose and a nitrogen source (Dudrick's method) 2) 12% glucose, a nitrogen source and soybean fat emulsion (Intralipid method) and 3) 12% glucose, a nitrogen source and 1% alcohol (Babson's method). All three regimens provided positive nitrogen balance of similar magnitude. The substrate-hormone relationships were appropriate. After parenteral fat free nutrition (primary caloric source glucose) the plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower and the growth hormone levels significantly higher than after the fat emulsion therapy period. The Dudrick and Intralipid methods resulted in a higher caloric intake and weight gain than the Babson method. The former two regimens cannot be completely endorsed, however, since septic and central vein complications are unavoidable with the Dudrick method particularly in the small infant; and the long term effects of intralipid, particularly on the liver are still unknown. PMID- 807172 TI - Acute meningococcal pericarditis without meningitis. AB - Meningococcla pericarditis without evidence of meningitis of pericardial effusion in an 18-year-old man was cured following a ten-day course of orally administered ampicillin. Acute pericarditis resembling benign or viral pericarditis amy rarely be due to N meningitidis. PMID- 807171 TI - Nutritional aspects of body water dislocations in postoperative and depleted patients. AB - Measurements of plasma volume with 125I human serum albumin, extracellular water (ECW) with 82Br-minus, and total body water (TBW) with 3-H2O were made on 16 postoperative patients, 15 depleted patients, and three control subjects. Intracellular water (ICW) was calculated as the difference between TBW and ECW. The observed findings for the series as a whole showed no change in blood volume, an increase of 3.7 I in ECW, and a decrease of 1.5 I in ICW as compared to predicted values based on current weight. Compared to predicted values based on normal (pre-illness) weight, the observed body weight decreased 16% and ICW decreased 22%; this suggests that body weight consistently under-estimates the extent of nutritional depletion. Severe depletion seen in postoperative patients indicates that frequently earlier use of total parenteral nutrition would be beneficial. ICW was found to be the most reliable single index of moderate or severe nutritional depletion; errors in estimating normal values interfere with its use in mild depletion. The ratio of ECW:TBW best reflects distortion of body water composition; it is largely independent of weight, and is a more sensitive index than absolute values of ICW. Repeat measurements of body composition were made on 9 patients given total parenteral nutrition for an average period of 18 days. On the average, there was an ECW decrease of 1.8 I, a body weight increase of 2 kg, and an ICW increase of 3.2 I after parenteral nutrition. The increased ICW represents the repletion of half of the average initial deficit of 6.1 The initial ratio of ECW:TBW of 0.58 was reduced to 0.50, returning it about three quarters of the way to the expected normal value of 0.48. Intravenous administration of 5% glucose as sole source of calories may be a factor in distortion of body water compartments. PMID- 807173 TI - Mutants of Anabaena cylindrica altered in heterocyst spacing. AB - Nitrosoguanidine induced mutants of Anabaena cylindrica have been obtained, which are altered in heterocyst spacing. In the wild type organism the pattern is composed of single intercalary heterocysts. The mutant patterns fall into several classes: those with only terminal heterocysts, with both terminal and intercalary heterocysts, with groups of heterocysts and those totally lacking heterocysts. The mutants are described in detail, and the various pattern modications are interpreted in terms of a model we have proposed. PMID- 807174 TI - Chemolithotrophic growth and regulation of hydrogenase formation in the coryneform hydrogen bacterium strain 11/x. PMID- 807175 TI - Photoreactivation of UV-irradiated blue-green algae and algal virus LPP-1. AB - Ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity and photoreactivation of blue-green algae Cylindrospermum sp., Plectonema boryanum, spores of Fischerella muscicola and algal virus (cyanophage) LPP-1 were studied. The survival value after UV irradiation of filaments of Cylindrospermum sp. and Virus LPP-1 showed exponential trend and these were comparatively sensitive towards UV than F.muscicola and P.boryanum. Photoreactivation of UV-induced damage occurred in black, blue, green, yellow, red and white light in Cylindrospermum sp., however only black, blue and white light were capable of photorepair of UV-induced damage in P.boryanum, spores of F.muscicola and virus LPP-1 in infected host alga. Pre exposure to yellow and black light did not show photoprotection. The non heterocystous and nitrogen fixation-less mutants of Cylindrospermum sp. were not induced by UV and their spontaneous mutation frequency was not affected after photoreactivation. The short trichome mutants of P.boryanum were more resistant towards UV. The occurrence of photoreactivation of UV-induced killing wide range of light in Cylindrospermum sp. is the first report in organisms. PMID- 807177 TI - HL-A matching in thrombocyte and leukocyte transfusions. AB - A panel of 150 Rh+ and Rh-- donors was tested by the NIH-microcytotoxicity test against 90 antisera determing 21 HL-A antigens. For platelet and leukocyte transfusions, donors compatible in ABO and Rh groups as well as in HL-A antigens, were used. In some cases the donor and recipient were compatible in three HL-A antigens, in other cases the degree of compatibility was less satisfactory. Platelet and leukocyte concentrates were prepared by double thrombo- and leukocyte-pheresis. Before transfusions the cross cytotoxicity test with donor's lymphocytes was performed. No transfusion accidents occurred; in some patients a beneficial effect was noticed. PMID- 807176 TI - Isoantibodies to human serum proteins in children after blood and plasma transfusions. AB - The influence of blood and blood-product therapy was studied in two groups of children: 1) 90 children who had exchange transfusion after birth because of serologic incompatibility (aged 5 months to 5 years). In 7 children of this group isoprecipitins were detected. In 4 cases they reacted probably with lipoprotein group factors. One child had anti-Gm 2 antibodies. 2) 32 patients with various blood diseases, aged 18 months to 17 years, who had multiple transfusions of blood or plasma. In 12 children of this group (38%), precipitins were demonstrated. Two had antibodies to lipoprotein group factors. No anti-Gm antibodies were discovered in this group of children. The results of the study indicate an influence of transfusions of blood and blood products on the formation of antibodies to human proteins. PMID- 807178 TI - Studies on stimulation and properties of antiglobulin antibodies. I. Influence of heatig at 56 degrees C and 60 degrees C on antigenicity. AB - The autoimmunogenic properties of whole rabbit serum heated at 56 degrees C and 60 degrees C were studied in rabbits. Autologous rabbit serum heated 20 min at 60 degrees C was immunogenic. The state of induced immunity manifested itself by the appearance of antibodies to antigens of heterologous sera: human, goat and guinea pig. No antibodies for autologous sera were found, including autologous sera heated 20 min at 60 degrees C. The antibodies for heterologous sera directed against gamma-globulins were detected by the passive hemagglutination test and by precipitation in agar gel. PMID- 807180 TI - Editorial: Surgeons and cancer. PMID- 807181 TI - Successful long-term intravenous hyperalimentation in the hospital and at home. AB - Experience with long-term intravenous hyperalimentation in the hospital and at home in one patient over a 22-month period is reported. After multiple operative procedures the patient was left with only her stomach, duodenum, and 5 cm of the proximal part of the jejunum. During a 12-month period in the hospital, despite many life-threatening complications and with high-output intestinal fistulas, her weight increased from 40.7 kg (90 lb) to 70.1 kg (155 lb) on intravenous hyperalimentation therapy. During the past ten months, the patient has managed her intravenous feeding at home. A silicone elastomer catheter inserted into her superior vena cava through her facial vein has been used for the past ten months with no catheter sepsis. Although costly, home intravenous alimentation seems justifiable in selected patients because of the possible feasibility of bowel transplants in the near future. PMID- 807179 TI - Lead neuropathy: case report. PMID- 807182 TI - Letter: Spasm and operative cholangiography. PMID- 807183 TI - The digestive tract in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 807184 TI - Bovine heterografts and autogenous veins as canine arterial bypass grafts. PMID- 807185 TI - Distribution of 14-C-PCB during fetal period. Whole-body autoradiography of pregnant mice. AB - 14-C-PCB containing 85% 2,2'-Dichlorobiphenyl was injected intramusculary in pregnant mice. The distribution of radioactivity was studied by using whole-body autoradiography technique. After its removal from the injection site, the major part of radioactivity was accumulated in maternal excretory organs: intestine, kidney, and urinary bladder. This indicated a rapid elimination of the 2,2' Dichlorobiphenyl. High radioactivity could also be found in the gall bladder and a large amount in the liver. Comparatively less radioactive substance was present in the fat depots, skin, lung, and blood. At the beginning of the fetal period the uptake by fetuses was very low but about one day before the parturation moderate uptake occurred. At the end of gestation in fetuses, radioactivity was present predominately in the intestine and urinary bladder; it could also be detected in the liver and kidneys. PMID- 807186 TI - The medical oncology nurse clinician. PMID- 807187 TI - Potpourri: comments on the spectrum and natural history of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 807188 TI - Naturally occurring antibodies to bovine serum albumin in the parotid saliva of rats. PMID- 807189 TI - The prevalence of enterococci in the human mouth and their pathogenicity in animal models. PMID- 807190 TI - Localized cervical lymphadenopathy induced by diphenylhydantoin sodium. AB - Diphenylhydantoin sodium is a standard drug in the treatment of convulsive disorders. Numerous untoward reactions have been reported. Lymphadenopathy related to drug-induced hypersensitivity has occurred. A yound woman undergoing treatment for seizures developed a large, tender, localized neck mass, associated with trismus, spasmotic torticollis, fever, eosinophilia, and skin rash. She was thought to be suffering from a deep cervical fascial space abscess. Symptoms subsided rapidly after elimination of anticonvulsant medication. PMID- 807191 TI - Diverticulum of the right ventricle. PMID- 807193 TI - The effect of glucocorticoid on immunoglobulin secretion into colostrum in cows. AB - The effect of corticosteroid-induced parturition on transfer of immunoglobulin into mammary secretion of cows has been studied. Seven non-lactating cows in late gestation were injected intramuscularly with a long-acting synthetic glucocorticoid and the concentrations of IgG-1 and IgG-2 were followed in blood serum and mammary secretion which were collected before and after parturition. Within 1 week of injection the udder became distended with secretion identical in appearance to mature milk. In contrast to the situation in normal cows approaching parturition, both the concentration of IgG-1 in secretion and the selective index of IgG-1 decreased after the glucocorticoid injection. A feature of the results were absence in treated cows of the characteristic decrease in serum concentration of IgG-1 just before parturition. It is concluded that glucocorticoid treatment of cows in late pregnancy results in a decreased availability of colostral immunoglobulin to the newborn calf. PMID- 807192 TI - Relationship between the recirculation of lymphocytes and protein concentration of lymph in sheep. AB - The concentration and output of lymphocytes in lymph from the popliteal node in sheep were varied by antigenic stimulation of the lymph node and by intravenous administration of bovine anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS). The 4-5-fold increase in output and concentration of lymphocytes in lymph following antigenic stimulation of the node was accompanied by a 25-35% increase in the concentration of total protein and albumin. The above changes were not observed in afferent lymph draining the site of antigen injection. There was a 75-80% decrease in concentration of lymphocytes in lymph from the unstimulated popliteal lymph node following the administration of ALS and this was accompanied by decreases of 10 35% in the concentration of albumin and immunoglobulin. Essentially the same changes were observed when ALS was administered 6 days after antigenic stimulation of the node. Administration of ALS to sheep with cannulated intestinal lymphatic ducts was followed by a 75-80% reduction in lymphocyte concentration and in decreases ranging from 12-50% in the concentration of albumin, IgM and IgG-2. It is suggested that a significant loss of plasma protein is associated with the migration of lymphocytes between the endothelial cells of the post-capillary venules in lymph nodes. PMID- 807194 TI - Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions. I. Purification and in vivo adjuvant activity of cell wall skeletons of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Nocardia asteroides 131 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8. AB - The adjuvant activity of cell wall skeletons (mycolic acid-arabino-galactan mucopeptide, CWS) prepared from the cells of mycobacteria, nocardia and corynebacteria was examined in vivo in mice and guinea pigs. The cell wall skeletons of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS), Nocardia asteroides 131 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PWC suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) as water-in-oil emulsions showed potent adjuvant activity on the formation of circulating antibody and cell-mediated immunity to bovine serum albumin (BSA), sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and sulfanylazo-bovine serum albumin (SA-BSA) in mice and guinea pigs. After acetylation or acid treatment, BCG-CWS retained its adjuvant activity, but the activity of BCG-CWS was destroyed completely by alkaline treatment. The cell wall constituents, arabinose-mycolate and arabino galactan, prepared from BCG-CWS showed no adjuvant activity. It was also shown that BCG-CWS suspended in phosphate buffered saline or associated with oil droplets augmented cell-mediated cytotoxicity in which thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) are effector cells. PMID- 807195 TI - Analyses of deoxycytidylate deaminase molecular forms in human-mouse and monkey mouse somatic cell hybrids. AB - Disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (disc PAGE) analyses have revealed that mouse, human, and monkey cytosal deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminases differ in electrophoretic mobility, so that mixtures of mouse and human, mouse and monkey and human and monkey enzymes can be separated. To learn whether the genes for dCMP deaminase and thymidine (dT) kinase are genetically linked, disc PAGE analyses of cytosol fractions from human-mouse and monkey-mouse somatic cell hybrids were carried out. The interspecific somatic cell hybrids were derived from the fusion of cytosol dT kinase deficient mouse cells with cytosol dT kinase positive human and monkey cells: they contained mostly mouse chromosomes and a few primate chromosomes, including the determinant for primate cytosol dT kinase. The disc PAGE analyses demonstrated that the human-mouse and monkey-mouse somatic cell hybrids contained a dCMP deaminase activity with an electrophoretic mobility characteristic of mouse dCMP deaminase. Enzymes with electrophoretic mobilities characteristic of human and monkey dCMP deaminases were not demonstrable. these findings suggest that primate cytosol dT kinase and dCMP deaminase are coded on different chromosomes, or that the formation in hybird cells of an active primate dCMP deaminase is suppressed. Chick-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing chick but not mouse cytosol dT kinase were also analyzed, but it was not possible to establish whether the enzyme was of murine or avian origin because of the similarity in electrophoretic mobility between the chick and mouse enzymes. Human and mouse cells contained low levels of mitochondrial dCMP deaminase activity. In contrast to dT kinase isozymes, however, mitochondrial and cytosol dCMP deaminases were electrophoretically indistinguishable. PMID- 807196 TI - Variants of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in diploids and triploids of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - On the basis of band staining intensities in electrophoretic runs of single flies homozygous and heterozygous for two alleles at the autosomal locus for GPDH, F allele activity is believed to be 8% lower than S allele activity. Indeed, the intensity distribution in the patterns of FSS and FFS triploid females shows that both are not equally expressed. On a per fly or live weight basis, females with two and three doses of the Gpdh gene show bands with equal staining intensity, thus exhibiting a dosage effect when GPDH activity is estimated on a per cell basis. PMID- 807197 TI - A biochemical study of the scarlet eye-color mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - 3-Hydroxykynurenine is virtually absent from st larvae but accumulates during adult development in the puparium. Over the period of adult emergence, the accumulated 3-hydroxykynurenine is excreted so that st adults contain none. Larvae of st fed on tryptophan-C-14 medium produce labeled 3-hydroxykynurenine, at a reduced rate, perhaps, compared to wild type. Xanthurenic acid levels in st pupae are similar to those in wild type. Thus the failure of st larvae to accumulate 8-hydroxykynurenine does not seem to be due either to an inability to synthesize this compound or to an excessive rate of its conversion to xanthurenic acid. Rather, it appears that the mechanism of 3-hydroxykynureneine storage during larval life is defective, so that this compound is excreted at an abnormally high rate. The inability of the pigment cells of the eyes of st to synthesize xanthommatin may result form a similar defect in their ability to take up or store 3-hydroxykynurenine. PMID- 807198 TI - Induction of dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase in blowfly integument by ecdysone. A demonstration of synthesis of the enzyme de novo. AB - The activity of the enzyme dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase, present in the epidermis cells of blowfly larvae, increases during the late third instar under the influence of the steroid hormone, ecdysone. By using the double labelling technique and immune precipitation with univalent antibody to dopa decarboxylase, we demonstrated that the increase in enzyme activity was due to a stimulation of synthesis of enzyme molecules de novo. In this respect, the action of ecdysone is similar to the action of other steroid hormones. PMID- 807199 TI - Studies on a wide-spectrum intestinal dipeptide uptake system in the monkey and in the human. AB - 1. The intestinal transport of glycine and leucine residues of glycyl-L-leucine was studied in the monkey and in the human in vitro. Uptake of both [14C]glycyl-L leuine and glycyl-L-[14C]leucine show similar Kt values, but there is a marked difference in the Vmax. values. Preliminary studies suggest that this anomalous difference in the Vmax. values may be due to the greater efflux rate of glycine from the tissue. 2. Arrhenius plots of both [14C]glycyl-L-leucine uptake and glycyl-L-[14C]leucine uptake in the monkey intestine show a discontinuity at about 20 degrees C. The activation energies above and below the discontinuity are similar for both [14C]glycyl-L-leucine uptake and glycyl-L-[14C]leucine uptake. These similarities in uptake characteristics suggest that the dipeptide glycyl-L leucine is transported as one unit. 3. In the monkey intestine, glycyl-L-leucine uptake is inhibited by a wide variety of dipeptides, including those containing acidic and basic amino acids. The inhibition was shown to be competitive by using four representative dipeptides namely: L-alanyl-L-alanine, L-alanyl-L-leucine, L glutamyl-L-glutamic acid and L-lysyl-L-lysine. The results strongly suggest that in the monkey intestine there may be a dipeptide-uptake system with an extremely broad specificity. These results were also confirmed in the human in a limited way. PMID- 807200 TI - Biochemical and enzymic changes during erythrocyte differentiation. The significance of the final cell division. AB - 1. The haemoglobin content of developing erythroblasts was shown to increase rapidly when the cells completed the final cell division of erythroid development and passed from the dividing into the non-dividing cell compartment. 2. The activity of carbonic anhydrase was measured and shown to increase continually throughout erythroid differentiation. The activity increased most rapidly in the polychromatic stage. 3. Catalase activity did not increase significantly during erythroid differentiation until the reticulocyte stage. 4. The activity of four enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase, exhibited a similar pattern of change during erythroid differentiation. In the dividing cell compartment their activity was relatively high but exhibited a steep decline between the polychromatic stage and the orthochromatic stage, that is, as the cell completed its final cell division and moved from the dividing to the non-dividing compartment. After this the activity of these enzymes was stabilized at a relatively low value, and this activity persisted at such a value until the reticulocyte stage. 5. Lactate dehydrogenase activity also declined after the cell had crossed from the dividing into the non-dividing stage, but in this case the decline was less than in the case of the above four enzymes. 6. Adenylate kinase activity was relatively constant in the dividing cell compartment but exhibited a 60 percent increase when the cell passed from the dividing into the non-dividing compartment. 7. The cessation of cell division appears to coincide with a set of complex biochemical changes. PMID- 807201 TI - Role of cell membrane galactosyltransferase in concanavalin A agglutination of erythrocytes. AB - It has been previously observed that rabbit erythrocyte cell surface galactosyltransferase appears to play a role in concanavalin A agglutination of these erythrocytes (Podolsky et al., 1974). Further, a correlation between the occurrence or level of cell surface galactosyltransferase and concanavalin A agglutinability of other cell types has also been observed. The mechanism by which rabbit erythrocyte galactosyltransferase participates in concanavalin A agglutination has now been further defined. The enzyme was solubilized and purified. Characterization of the enzyme properties has shown them to be similar to those reported for other purified galactosyltransferases. Amino acid and carbohydrate analysis showed a high asparagine content and the presence of D mannose. Specific alpha-mannosidase treatment of the enzyme showed that some of these D-mannose residues were terminal sugars. The purified enzyme also conferred concanavalin A agglutinability to non-agglutinable human erythrocytes. However, the ability to confer concanavalin A agglutinability was unrelated to the enzyme activity per se (as measured with fetuin acceptor) but appeared to be entirely dependent on the presence of terminal alpha-linked D-mannosyl residues in the enzyme structure. These findings suggest that the presence of terminal alpha mannosidyl residues on cell surface glycoproteins such as galactosyltransferase may be the determining factor in agglutination of cells by concanavalin A. PMID- 807203 TI - The ribonucleic acids of the mammary gland of the guinea pig. AB - 1. 32-P-labelled polyribosome preparations were made from the mammary glands of lactating and late-pregnant guinea pigs after injection of (32-P)i into the animals. 2. The RNA of polyribosomes, ribosomal subunits and that released from polyribosomes by EDTA were analysed by zone velocity centrifugation and by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 3. RNA species which have the physical properties expected for the milk protein mRNA were detected. RNA species of a size which could code for the caseins were present in lactating but not in pre lactating mammary-gland polyribosomes. PMID- 807202 TI - Glucose metabolism in perfused skeletal muscle. Interaction of insulin and exercise on glucose uptake. AB - 1. The interaction of insulin and isometric exercise on glucose uptake by skeletal muscle was studied in the isolated perfused rat hindquarter. 2. Insulin, 10 m-i.u./ml, added to the perfusate, increased glucose uptake more than 10-fold, from 0.3-0.5 to 5.2-5.4 mumol/min per 30g of muscle in hindquarters of fed and 48h-starved rats respectively. In contrast, it did not stimulate glucose uptake in hindquarters from rats in diabetic ketoacidosis. 3. In the absence of added insulin, isometric exercise, induced by sciatic-nerve stimulation, increased glucose uptake to 4 and 3.4 mumol/min per 30g of muscle in fed and starved rats respectively. It had a similar effect in rats with moderately severe diabetes, but it did not increase glucose uptake in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis or in hindquarters of fed rats that had been "washed out" with an insulin-free perfusate. Insulin, at concentrations which did not stimulate glucose uptake in resting muscle, restored the stimulatory effect of exercise in these situations. 4. The stimulation of glucose uptake by exercise was independent of blood flow and the degree of tissue hypoxia; also it could not be reproduced by perfusing resting muscle with a medium previously used in an exercise experiment. 5. At rest glucose was not detectable in muscle cell water of fed and starved rats even when perfused with insulin. In the presence of insulin, a small accumulation of glucose, 0.25 mM, was noted in the muscle of ketoacidotic diabetic rats, suggesting inhibition of glucose phosphorylation, as well as of transport. 6. During exercise, the calculated intracellular concentration of glucose in the contracting muscle increased to 1.1-1.6mM in the fed, starved and moderately diabetic groups. Insulin significantly increased the already high rates of glucose uptake by the hindquarters of these animals but it did not alter the elevated intracellular concentration of glucose. 7. In severely diabetic rats, exercise did not cause glucose to accumulate in the cell in the absence of insulin. In the presence of insulin, it increased glucose uptake to 6.1 mumol/min per 30g of muscle and intracellular glucose to 0.72 mM. 8. The data indicate that the stimulatory effect of exercise on glucose uptake requires the presence of insulin. They suggest that in the absence of insulin, glucose uptake is not enhanced by exercise owing to inhibition of glucose transport into the cell. PMID- 807205 TI - Poly(rA): oligo(dT)-directed DNA polymerase activity in carcinogen induced rat mammary tumors and in normal tissues. PMID- 807204 TI - Evidence of a calcium-ion-transport system in mitochondria isolated from flight muscle of the developing sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. AB - The EGTA (ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetic acid)-Ruthenium Red-quench technique (Reed & Bygrave, 1974a) was used to measure initial rates of Ca-2+ transport in mitochondria from flight muscle of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Evidence is provided for the existence in these mitochondria of a Ca-2+-transport system that has many features in common with that known to exist in rat liver mitochondria. These include requirement for energy, saturation at high concentrations of Ca-2+, a sigmoidal relation between initial rates of Ca-2+ transport and Ca-2+ concentration, a high affinity for free Ca-2+ (Km approx. 5 muM) and high affinity for the Ca-2+-transport inhibitoy, Ruthenium Red (approx. 0.03 nmol of carrier-specific binding-sites/mg of protein; Ki approx. 1.6 x 10- minus 8 M). Controlled respiration can be stimulated by Ca-2+ after a short lag period provided the incubation medium contains KCl and not sucrose. The ability of Lucilia mitochondria to transport Ca-2+ critically depends on the stage of mitochondrial development; Ca-2+ transport is minimal in mitochondria from pharate adults, is maximal between 0 and 2h post-emergence and thereafter rapidly declines to reach less than 20% of the maximum value by about 2-3 days post emergence. Respiration in mitochondria from newly emerged flies does not respond to added Ca-2+; that from 3-5-day-old flies is stimulated approx. 50%. Whereas very low concentrations of Ca-2+ inhibit ADP-stimulated respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from newly emerged flies (Ki approx. 60 ng-ions of Ca-2+/mg of protein); much higher concentrations (approx. 200 ng-ion/mg of protein) are needed to inhibit these processes in those from older flies. The potential of this system for studying the function and development of metabolite transport systems in mitochondria is discussed. PMID- 807206 TI - Demonstration of a competence-enhancing factor in supernatants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 type T1. PMID- 807208 TI - Isolectric points of the human blood group A-1, A-2 and B gene-associated glycosyltransferases in ovarian cyst fluids and serum. PMID- 807207 TI - Amino acid sequence of the Spirulina maxima ferredoxin, a ferredoxin from a procaryote. PMID- 807209 TI - Characterization of microsomal electron transport components from control, phenobarbital, and 3-methylcholanthrene treated mice: I. Distribution of electron transport components in ammonium-sulfate fractions from mouse liver microsomes. PMID- 807210 TI - Solubilization and partial purification of cytochrome P-450 from rat lung microsomes. PMID- 807211 TI - A rapid and ultrasensitive method to measure Ca++ movements across biological membranes. PMID- 807212 TI - The occurrence of pili associated with a plasmid of the W compatibility group. PMID- 807213 TI - The identification and characterization of proteins similar to L7, L12 in ribosome-free extracts of Escherichia coli. PMID- 807214 TI - Enzymatic demodification of transfer RNA species containing N-6-(delta-2 isopentenyl)adenosine. PMID- 807215 TI - Inhibitory effects of phosphoramidon on neutral metalloendopeptidases and its application on affinity chromatography. PMID- 807217 TI - Surface immunoglobulin heavy chains of murine splenocytes and thymocytes are different. PMID- 807216 TI - Variant of a human immunoglobulin: "alpha chain disease" protein AIT. PMID- 807218 TI - Variability of the duration of inhibition of growth hormone release by Nalpha acylated-des-(Ala1-Gly2)-H2somatostatin analogs. PMID- 807219 TI - Determination of UDP-glucuronyltransferase using UDP-(14-C)glucuronic acid. PMID- 807220 TI - Vitamin B12 levels in drug-treated bacterial cells. PMID- 807221 TI - [Effect of methylpyrazole-carboxylic acid on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The effect of 3-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (MPC) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms was studied in 18 patients with diabetes mellitus. In addition to diet 17 patients had basic treatment with sulfonylureas with or without biguanides, one patient was treated with insulin. In all patients carbohydrate metabolism was not well controlled, 14 patients had elevated triglycerides. Following a control period of 2 weeks the patients received increasing doses of MPC in addition to basic treatment (25825825 mg; 50,25,25 mg; 50, 50, 25 mg). Blood samples were taken in the fasting state before the first dose of MPC. Free fatty acids almost doubled under the influence of MPC. This was due to a rebound effect at night following suppression of lipolysis during the day. Blood glucose levels showed a tendency to fall, urinary glucose excretion, separately examined for day and night ,did not change consistently. Triglycerides fell markedly by 25%, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Cholesterol decreased by 5%. 40% of the patients showed an increase in urinary ketone bodies. Body weight did not change. Side effects due to MPC included flushing, gastrointestinal distress and cardiovascular complaints and were observed in 75% of the patients. Due to the high frequency of side effects it does not seem to be worthwhile to further investigate the therapeutic effect of MPC in a larger number of patients with different dosage regimens. PMID- 807222 TI - Long-term clinical assessment of naproxen on rheumatoid arthritis patients and 51 Cr gastrointestinal bleeding on volunteers. AB - 64 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) entered the trial: 40 of them still remain on medication; 28 have so far completed 2 years; 23, 3 years; 12, 4 years using D-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) as the principal anti-inflammatory agent. Tolerance has been good: side effects or complaints, when reported, were mild and transient in nature. Close monitoring of a range of biochemical values by sequential laboratory studies has not revealed naproxen to have many adverse effects. After two years of daily continuous naproxen administration, 19 volunteer patients were subjected to a short-term double-blind cross-over placebo experiment. The results were in favor of a continued therapeutic efficacy of naproxen. The possible gastrointestinal bleeding found in the majority of anti-inflammatory drugs has been studied on 12 volunteers using 51-Cr. Naproxen exhibited a mean G.I. blood loss comparable to placebo or to physiological blood loss in normal volunteers. The conclusion drawn is that naproxen shows a good therapeutic index. PMID- 807223 TI - [Long-term therapy of progressive chronic polyarthritis with naproxen]. AB - The efficacy of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as its good tolerance has been established in double-blind studies which have been conducted in 34 centers in the U.S.A. Since the value of a new antirheumatic drug can only be assessed after years of clinical experience, provision was made in the protocols of the double-blind studies that the patients completing the controlled studies could continue naproxen treatment. Our experience is based on 603 patients, of whom 337 came from controlled, and 266 from previous open studies. The longest treatment with naproxen lasted four years. 16% of the patients discontinued therapy because of a exacerbation of their symptoms, and 8% because of side-effects, the latter being described in detail. Follow-up examinations of the patients were performed 4841 times at bi-monthly intervals. The statistical analysis of the objective disease symptoms showed a significant decrease of the rheumatic manifestations. In order to exclude the possibility of a long-term placebo effect, and as a proof of continuing efficacy, 73 patients received double-blind placebo instead of naproxen (placebo pulse) for two weeks, whereas the others continued on naproxen. Statistical analysis of the objective symptoms during the two treatment phases of the study showed naproxen significantly superior to placebo in all disease manifestations. Symptoms of those patients receiving placebo aggravated rapidly. They improved again after naproxen was resumed. The situation was reverse in those patients who received placebo during the second phase of the study. Side effects were observed 13 times under placebo, but only two times under naproxen. The integration of a 2-week-placebo-pulse during long-term naproxen therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a sensitive method to prove the continuing therapeutic efficacy of this drug. PMID- 807224 TI - Clinical and objective assessments of naproxen through 5 years of clinical experience. AB - D-2-(6'-Methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) is a relatively well-known non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agent useful for long-term usage. The efficacy of naproxen in controlling the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis had been uniformly demonstrated in an extensive series of international double-blind trials lasting from a few weeks to four months. This paper deals with our experience with naproxen after 5 1/2 years of continuous usage. During this period of time ten different studies were conducted at the Rheumatology Departments of the General Hospital, Mexico City. The efficacy and tolerance of naproxen have been studied in the following indications: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute and chronic gout and non-articular rheumatism. In these studies the usual clinical methods were used and some special objective methods were utilized in some others, for example, enzymology, scintigraphy, histopathology and arthroscopy. Some of these studies were comparative ones vs. some other well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds such as aspirin, indometacin and ibuprofen. During the last 5 1/2 years 877 patients with different theumatic conditions were treated and observed in our Department and in the private practice. In 365 patients with rheumatoid arthritis excellent results were obtained in 34%, good in 36%, fair in 24% and negative in only 6%. In 358 patients with osteoarthritis excellent results were obtained in 28.2%, good in 46.6%, fair in 20% and negative in 5.3%. In 15 patients with acute gout using naproxen as exclusive therapy, excellent results were observed in nine patients very good in four, and unsatisfactory in only two cases. In 35 patients with chronic gout excellent results were observed in 22, good in 11 and negative in two. 93 patients out of the 877 studied since June 1969 used naproxen continuously as anti-rheumatic therapy for more than one year; 33 for more than two years; four patients for more than three years and five of the patients in a few days will complete 5 1/2 years. The side effects of the compound observed during this long period of time in these 877 patients on the g.i. tract, CNS, etc., although present in a limited number of cases (in less than 10% of total number of patients) were definitely less than those observed usually during anti inflammatory therapy. PMID- 807226 TI - [Active transport of sulfates in membranes isolated from Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 807225 TI - The effeCt of vitamin c supplements on serum cholesterol, coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness. AB - The administration of ascorbic acid (1g/day) to healthy adults did not significantly influence the levels of serum cholesterol, plasminogen activator activity, plasminogen, fibrinogen, FR-antigen, partial thromboplastin time, platelet adhesiveness, a-1-antitrypsin or a-2-macroglobulin over the 3-month period of study. PMID- 807227 TI - Postoperative magnesium deficiency. AB - Prolonged nasogastric suction and the administration of magnesium-free parenteral fluids produced magnesium deficiency in a patient in the postoperative period. The symptoms of magnesium deficiency are usually overshadowed by those of the primary disease and diagnosis usually rests on the demonstration of low blood concentrations of the ion. Magnesium replacement must be kept in mind when treating patients with intravenous fluids for prolonged periods. PMID- 807228 TI - The postoperative patient and his fluid and electrolyte requirements. PMID- 807229 TI - A critical look at chemical disinfection of anaesthetic apparatus. AB - Studies were carried out to test the efficacy of disinfection of a previously contaminated corrugated anaesthetic tube and reservoir bag. Bacteriological swabs and sampling with broth were evaluated as methods of detecting contamination. Gross contamination was detected by broth sampling on occasions when swabbing failed to reveal contamination. The presence of up to 18% by volume of residual air within the apparatus was detected. A method of ensuring elimination of all air is described and studies showed that disinfection was then complete. PMID- 807230 TI - Mites in the environment of cases of Norwegian scabies. AB - Three cases of Norwegian Scabies diagnosed in Glasgow hospitals within 1 year each caused wide-spread outbreaks of papular eruptions amongst the patients and staff, followed later by a few cases of classical scabies. Symptoms and timing suggested that these infections were caused by immature mites derived by personal contact and possibly by contact with infected cuticular fragments which were abundant in the environment of the three patients. To control a ward epidemic, isolation of the Norwegian scabietic should be followed by environmental and then by personal disinfestation. PMID- 807231 TI - Feto-maternal haemorrhage following successful and unsuccessful attempts at external cephalic version. AB - In the present study, 6 out of 100 patients who had an attempted or actual external cephalic version (ECV) showed significant feto-maternal haemorrhage, the amount being greatest in patients with "failed" external versions. Thus ECV may be a source of rhesus iso-immunization in a rhesus negative mother with a rhesus positive fetus and should not be performed unless the father is a rhesus negative. If, however, an ECV has been attempted, fetal cell counts should then be made and rhesus immunoprophylaxis administered if necessary. PMID- 807232 TI - The pathogenesis of the Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis). AB - Numerous synonyms have been used to describe syndromes affecting structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. These conditions are most conveniently grouped into the asymmetrical anomalies of hemifacial microsomia and the symmetrical syndrome of mandibulofacial dysostosis. By examination of animal models of these conditions it can be demonstrated that the pathogenesis is distinct but different for each group. The characteristic facies of mandibulofacial dysostosis suggests a mechanism of malformation which operates early in embryogenesis, acting uniformly on parts which are derived from neural crest cells. In the serial examination of a phenocopy of mandibulofacial dysostosis, induced in the rat by the teratogen vitamin A, focal death of pre otic neural crest cells is observed to occur, creating both a spatial rearrangement of the developing ears and a paucity of ectomesenchyme in the first and second branchial arches. The result of these deviations from normal morphogenesis is the development of a facial skeleton which is symmetrical but distinctly different in form from that in the normal animal. Microscopic study of the induced ear and jaw defects revealed that the animal model was closely comparable in all respects to human mandibulofacial dysostosis. The specific nature of the interaction between teratogen and migrating neural crest cells is not yet clear; nor is it known whether these cells are attacked before or after their specific destination is determined. The greater part of the damage is inflicted in a general fashion and leads to symmetrical abnormal development. Minor examples of dyssymmetry do occur, however, in the animal model and man, but these are compatible with the hypothesis of a pathogenetic mechanism which is initiated centrally and symmetrically but modified locally at a later stage. A description of the pathogenesis of these two conditions, scientific predictions can be made with respect to the timing and technique of reconstruction of the orofacial defects, and the effects of surgery on growth and development. PMID- 807233 TI - Protein quality of feeding-stuffs. 7. Collaborative studies on the microbiological assay of available amino acids. AB - 1. Twenty-two samples of high-protein feeding-stuffs, sixteen of them fish meals, were used in a collaborative study of the precision and the limits of discrimination of the Streptococcus zymogenes assay procedure, as applied to the estimation of available methionine, tryptophan and isoleucine contents. 2. All the participating laboratories ranked the test samples in much the same sequence with respect to content for all three amino acids. There were apparently systematic differences between laboratories which impaired the precision of some of the estimates, and these were greatly reduced by including common reference sample in the tests as an auxilliary standard. 3. Values for available methionine content for eleven test samples were highly correlated (r 0.86) and quantitatively similar to those obtained for chick growth assays, but those for available tryptophan content were markedly lower and were probably in error. PMID- 807234 TI - Construction and characterization of a chimeric plasmid composed of DNA Pfrom Escherichia coli and Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A chimeric plasmid has been constructed in vitro from colicin E1 factor (Col E1), nontransmissible R-factor RSF-1010, and Drosophila melanogaster DNAs by the sequential action of Escherichia coli endonuclease RI(Eco RI) and T4 phage DNA ligase. The chimeric plasmid was assembled in two stages--first, a composite plasmid consisting of Col E1 and RSF 1010 was constructed, followed by partial digestion of the composite with Eco RI (in order to open one of the susceptible cleavage sites) and ligation with an Eco RI-digested D. melanogaster DNA preparation. The chimeric plasmid was selected and amplified in vivo by sequential transformation of E. COLI C with the ligated mixture, selection of transformants in medium containing streptomycin plus colicin E1, followed by amplification in the presence of chloramphenicol and purification of the extracted plasmid by dye-buoyant density gradient centrifugation in ethidium bromide-CsCl solution. Treatment of the chimeric plasmid with Eco RI yields three fragments with mobilities corresponding to the linear forms of the constituents- COL E1, mol wt 4.2 times 106, RSF 1010, mol wt 5.5 times 106 and D. melanogaster DNA, mol wt 4.0 times 106. The buoyant densities of the three constituents are respectively 1.706, 1.719, and 1.697 g/cm3, while the buoyant density of the composite factor is 1.712 and that of the chimeric plasmid is 1.705. Serratia marscesens endonuclease R (Sma) which introduces a single cut in Col E1, but not in RSF 1010, converts the chimeric plasmid to a single linear molecule (mol wt 13.7 times 106) and sequential digestion with both Sma and Hin III yields two distinct fragments, mol wt 3.7 and 10.0 times 10.6, respectively; this implies that the two sites are unique and occur at distinctly different positions. Sequential digestion with both Hin III and Eco RI reveals that the Hin III cut is in the D. melanogaster segment; neither Col E1 nor RSF 1010 contain sites susceptible to digestion with Hin III. In the presence of chloramphenicol, the chimeric plasmid continues toreplicate for 9 hr while bacterial chromosomal DNA replicates at a much slower rate. As in the case of the composite plasmid, continued synthesis is the presence of chloramphenicol suggests that the replicator of Col E1 is functional in the chimeric plasmid as well. Examination of the chimeric plasmid by partial denaturation mapping permits identification of its constituents, each of which presents a characteristic profile. The D. melanogaster segment reveals a wealth of detail at the molecular level pertaining to the distribution of AT-rich regions. PMID- 807236 TI - Bacterial bioluminescence: equilibrium association measurements, quantum yields, reaction kinetics, and overall reaction scheme. AB - The characteristics of the bioluminescence reactions with bacterial luciferase from two different cell types, Photobacterium fischeri and Beneckea harveyi, are reported. The reduced flavine mononucleotide (FMNH2)-luciferase association constant, directly measured by equilibrium dialysis and gel filtration is the same for both luciferases, 3 times 10(-4) Mminus1 at romm temperature, and is significantly different from the kinetic reciprocal Michaelis-Menten constant. The luciferase bioluminescence quantum yield for the highest activity preparations is the same as for the aldehyde. Rapid stopped-flow observations show that the oxidation of FMNH2 in the presence of sufficient luciferase to outcompete autoxidation, is bimodal. A long-lived intermediate, formed before reaction with aldehyde, has an activation energy for decay of 35 kcal mol-1, much greater than for the light reaction, 14 kcal mol-1. The ratio of bioluminescence quantum yields with respect to aldehyde and FMNH2 is independent of temperature, however, and also of aldehyde chain lenght longer than octanal, pH (6.5-8), and type of luciferase and its specific activity. Even when the aldehyde concentration limits the rate of the light reaction, the quantum yield of the long-lived intermediate is unchanged, and together these data mean that, under the optimal conditions chosen for quantum yield measurements, no dark side reactions effectively compete with the main reaction leading to light emission. A series of reactions involving one-electron steps and the sequential oxidation of two FMNH2 molecules is postulated for the formation of the long-lived intermediate. PMID- 807235 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of ligand binding to Mn-aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - Aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli has been prepared with up to four of zinc ions replaced by manganese, and the effect of this substitution on the proton nuclear magnetic resonance properties of succinate bound to the catalytic site and of cytidine 5'-triphosphate bound to the regulatory site has been determined, The specific activity and allosteric properties of the Mn substituted enzyme are essentially identical with those of the native enzyme. The longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of the succinate protons is shortened by the native enzyme and is shortened further by the Mn-substituted enzyme at both 100 and 220 MHz in D2O solutions of 0.02 M immidazole chloride (pH 7.0), 10 minus 3 M beta-mercaptoethanol, 0;2 mM ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid, and 2.5 mM carbamyl phosphate over a temperature range of 5 to 35 degrees. Under the same conditions, the transverse relaxation time, T2, of the succinate protons at 90 MHz is shortened to the same extent by native and Mn-substituted enzyme. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times indicates that the shortening of the transverse relaxation time is determened by the lifetime of bound succinate, whereas the further shortening of the longitudinal relaxation time by the Mn substituted enzyme is due to dipolar relaxation, i.e. to the interaction between Mn and the succinate protons. The distance between the Mn and the protons of succinate bound to the enzyme can be calculated from the relaxation time measurements and is 15,3 A. The dipolar interaction correlation time which is needed for the calculation of this distance, was found to be 3.5 X 10 minus 9 sec from the frequency dependence of T1. The transverse relaxation time of the C-6 proton of CTP is shortened to the same extent by both the native and Mn substituted enzyme in D2O solutions of 0.02 M imidazole chloride (pH 7.0), 10 MINUS 3 M beta-mercaptoethanol, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2.5 mM carbamyl phosphate over the temperature 5-30 degrees. Since the temperature depencece of the relaxation time indicates the relaxation is not exchange limited, the manganese must be too distant from the bound CTP for an appreciable interaction to occur. This requires that the manganese be greater than 20A from the CTP. These results are used together with other available structural data to construct a schematic model for aspartate transcarbamylase. PMID- 807237 TI - Comparison of 12alpha-hydroxylation of oxygenated 5alpha-cholestanes and allochenodeoxycholate with rat liver microsomes. AB - [5alpha,6alpha-3H2]-5alpha-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol (A), (25 R) 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxyl-[5alpha,6alpha-3H2]-5alpha--cholestan-26-oic acid (B),(25R)-[5alpha,6alpha-3H2]stane-3alpha,7alpha-26-triol (C), and [3beta 3H]allochenodeoxycholic acid (D) were prepared, characterized, and studied with a rat liver microsomal preparation fortified with 1 mM NADPH. The 12alpha hydroxylated product formed from each of these substrates was identified by isotopic dilution; the relative reactivity of the four substrates was (A) 100; (B) 87; (C) 135; and (D) 40. The microsomal system showed a requirement for added NADPH and other properties similar to those shown for 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, which is ultimately converted to cholic acid. Since the coplanar 5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol is virtually superimposable upon 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, and the enzymic requirements are comparable, it is suggested that a single enzyme system may be responsible for 12alpha-hydroxylation of these substrates. PMID- 807238 TI - On neutral fucoglycolipids having long, branched carbohydrate chains: H-active and I-active glycosphingolipids of human erythrocyte membranes. AB - H-Active ceramide heptasaccharide (H2-glycolipid) and ceramide decasaccharide (H3 glycolipid) were isolated from blood group O human erythrocyte membranes. Their structures have been determined by conventional methylation analysis, enzymatic degradation, and direct total mass spectrometry of the enzymatic degradation products after permethylation and reduction with sodium bis(2 methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride. The branched sugar residue in the structure of H3 glycolipid was unambiguously determined by a new method with the combination of enzymatic degradation and comparison of the total mass spectrogram of the reduced product of the enzyme-degraded compounds. The proposed structures are as follows: (see article) The fourth component of H-active glycolipid (H4-glycolipid) was also isolated in chromatographically heterogenous form, but chemical analysis and methylation study indicate heterogeneity of the fraction. Both H3- and H4 glycolipids inhibit I-hemagglutination, whereas H1- and H2-glycolipids do not inhibit I-hemagglutination. PMID- 807239 TI - Aldosterone-Induced Membrane Phospholipid Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Toad Urinary Bladder. AB - Aldosterone action in the isolated toad urinary bladder has been studied by incubation of the tissue with several specifically labeled lipogenic precursors. Within 30 min after hormone addition phospholipid synthesis is stimulated; the metabolism of oleic acid is particularly enhanced. Additionally, during this time interval a phospholipid deacylation-reacylation cycle is stimulated by aldosterone. PMID- 807240 TI - Structural composition of canine secretory component and immunoglobulin A. AB - Dog serum and colostral immunoglobulin A (IgA) and free secretory component from colostrum were isolated using affinity chromatography. Both serum and colostral IgA showed similar susceptibility to reduction with dithiothreitol, but only colostral IgA released the additional subunit, bound secretory component. This released secretory component was identical with free secretory component with respect to electrophoretic migration, isoelectric focusing point, and molecular weight, but lacked some antigenic determinants. The amino acid composition and the N-terminal sequence of canine free secretory component was similar to that reported for the cow. PMID- 807241 TI - Inducation of antibody against actin from myxomycete plasmodium and its properties. AB - Plasmodium actin was highly purified by gel filtration of crude G-actin on Sephadex G-100 followed by ultracentrifugation after polymerization in the presence of 1 M urea and 1 mM ATP. Purified actin showed a single band in the sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic pattern. Antibody against this purified actin was induced in rabbits. The antibody obtained was immunologically monospecific for plasmodium actin, judging from the following results. (1) The addition of the antibody to a plasmodium F-action solution increased the turbidity of the mixed solution, showing the formation of the antibody-action complex. (2) In immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, the antibody formed single preciptin lines with the purified actin preparation and with the crude actin extract from the acetone-dried powder of plasmodium. (3) The antibody inhibited polymerization of plasmodium G-actin. (4) Plasmodium F-actin filaments were decorated with antibody in electron micrographs. The antibody reacted not only with plasmodium F- and G-actin, but also reacted with sea urchin egg actin, but it did not react with actin from rabbit striated muscle. PMID- 807242 TI - The macromolecular composition of Xenopus laevis egg jelly coat. AB - The three morphologically and functionally distinct jelly coat layers of Xenopus laevis eggs, J1, J2, and J3, were separated by manual dissection, solubilized with dithiothreitol, and physicochemically analyzed. The chemical composition of the three jelly layers varied from 37 to 48% protein and 63 to 52% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate consisted of hexosamines, galactose, and fucose. Some of the carbohydrate in each of the jelly layers was covalently linked to protein through O-glycosidic bonds as beta elimination of the carbohydrate moiety in the presence of alkali was observed. In agreement with a previous finding, covalently attached sulfate was localized within the innermost jelly coat layer, J1. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.0 resolved a total of nine macromolecular components from the three jelly coat layers differentially staining for protein and carbohydrate: J1 yielded two anodically migrating components; the middle layer J2 yielded two cathodically migrating macromolecular components; the outermost layer J3 contained five species, three anodic and two cathodic. Sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis analysis yielded nine unique species, six of which stained coincidently for protein and carbohydrate. Immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony double diffusion analyses using antiserum to total jelly components resolved nine different antigenic species with cross reactivity between one or two macromolecules in layers J1 and J3. Analytical sedimentation velocity centrifugation revealed eight distinct species all of which exhibited hypersharp schlieren patterns and whose s20,w values were highly concentration dependent. On the basis of these analyses, Xenopus laevis egg jelly layers are composed of at least 8-9 distinct macromolecular species. The majority of these macromolecules are uniquely associated with different jelly coat layers. PMID- 807243 TI - The effect of substrate analogs on the circular dichroic spectra of thymidylate synthetase from Lactobacillus casei. AB - Circular dichroism studies from 290 to 400 nm with the thymidylate synthetase from Lactobacillus casei revealed characteristic Cotton effects in the presence of various folate analogs plus 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. Omission of either substrate analog prevented the appearance of the Cotton effects. When 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridylate and (+/-)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate are mixed with the synthetase, a ternary complex results which yields distinctive minor negative ellipicity bands at 285 and 332 nm and a major negative ellipticity bands at 285 and 332 nm and a major positive band at 305 nm. Similar results were obtained with the ternary complex containing (+)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, but the enzymically inactive (-) diastereoisomer induced only the positive band at 305 nm. More intense Cotton effects were elicited by (+/-)-5,11 methylenetetrahydrohomofolate with a major positive ellipticity band at 308 nm and a minor negative band at 335 nm. A ternary complex was also formed with dihydrofolate, which provided a major circular dichroic band at 305 nm and a broad minor negative band in the region of 335 nm. Deoxyuridylate and thymidylate also formed ternary complexes with dihydrofolate, but their ellipicity bands were much less intense. Other folate analogs that formed ternary complexes with 5 fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate to provide characteristic circular dichroic spectra were tetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrohomofolate, 10-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a 2-amino 4-hydroxyquinazoline derivative. By measuring the increment in ellipticity at 305 nm on addition of specific ligands to enzyme solutions, it was determined that the L. casei thymidylate synthetase contains two binding sites for 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridylate and for each of the diastereoisomers of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate. An improved procedure is presented for the large-scale purification and crystallization of L. casei thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 807244 TI - DNA distribution in the cell cycle of Euglena gracilis. Cytofluorometry of zinc deficient cells. AB - Analysis of DNA content of intact cells by laser induced cytofluorometry permits dynamic studies of the cell cycle in the synchronously dividing eukaryote Euglena gracilis. In this manner, the effects of zinc deficiency and cadmium toxicity on in situ DNA synthesis and cell division of this organism have been studied. In the G-1 hase of the cell cycle, prior to initiation of DNA synthesis, the DNA content of synchronously growing E. gracilis is characteristic of cells with an ureplicated genome. In S phase there is a progressive increase in DNA content which leads to genome duplication as the cells enter G2. In the subsequent mitosis all cells divide. Cytofluorometric definition of DNA content serves as a standard of reference to study variables which alter or block each stage of the cell cycle. Growth in zinc dificient media inhibits cell division. The DNA content of such zinc dificnet cells is characteristic of a population of cells blocked in S/G2 with a small fraction in G1. Moreover, cells synchronized in G1 and placed in zinc deficient media do not progress into S phase. Cadmium also inhibits cell division, and the DNA content of these blocked cells is three to four times greater than that of cells in G1. Zinc is essential for the biochemical events of the premitotic state which include initiation of DNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and progression from G-2 to mitosis. Cadminum-induced derangements of the cell cycle include alterations in regulation cellular DNA content. PMID- 807245 TI - Products obtained after in vitro reaction of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene 5,6-oxide with nucleic acids. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest that oxide derivatives of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons are the reactive intermediates for in vivo binding to cellular nucleic acids. In the present study the covalent binding of 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene 5,6-oxide to synthetic homopolymers and nucleic acids in aqueous-acetone solutions has been investigated. Poly(G) was found to be the most reactive nucleic acid and underwent approximately 7-10% modification. Alkaline hydrolysis of the poly(G)-dimethylbenzathracene conjugate yielded chromatographically distinct polycyclic hydrocarbon-modified nucleotides which were further characterized by spectral analyses and enzymatic and chemical degradation. When the oxide was allowed to react with GMP or dGMP, at least two products were obtained in about 1% yield. Acid hydrolysis of the dGMP dimethylbenzanthracene conjugates liberated the corresponding guanine dimethylbenzathracene products. Mass spectral analysis of the modified bases provided direct evidence that we had obtained covalent binding of the poly-cyclic hydrocarbon to guanine. The mass spectral cleavage pattern suggest that one of these products is a hydroxydihydro derivative of dimethylbenzanthracene bound to guanine and the other is a dimethylbenzanthracene-guanine conjugate. Additional structural aspects of these guanine derivatives are discussed. PMID- 807246 TI - The metal ion dependence of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. AB - 1. The zinc content and metal ion dependence of phospholipase C(phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) from Bacillus cereus have been examined. 2. The native enzyme contained about 2 atoms of tightly bound zinc/molecule. 3. Incubation of the enzyme with EDTA or with o-phenanthroline caused inactivation. The inactivation was accompanied by the removal of one zinc atom from the enzyme and could be fully reversed by the addition of Zn2+ or Co2+ to the enzyme and partly reversed by Mn2+ or Mg2+. 4. Prolonged exposure to o phenanthroline removed the second zinc atom also and produced an enzyme species which was reactivated by Zn2+ only. Full reactivation was accompanied by the binding of about two zinc atoms to the enzyme. 5. The results are consistent with the view that phospholipase C is a zinc metalloenzyme. PMID- 807247 TI - Human pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. I. Isolation, purification, and characterization of fraction II. AB - Human carboxypeptidase B fraction II has been purified from pancreatic juice by DEAE-'Sephadex' chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and 'Sephadex' G-100 gel filtration. The enzyme has been characterized by analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis Km determination, molecular weight determination on 'Sephadex' G-100, zinc analysis, and inhibition by metal chelating agents. Human carboxypeptidase B fraction II appeared homogeneous in analytical polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis, but showed two components of 23,500 and 9,200 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Zinc analysis revealed 0.96 gram atoms of zinc per mole of enzyme, and a Km of 65 +/- 3 muM was determined for hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-arginine. PMID- 807248 TI - Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase. Reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and the properties of the product. AB - The effect of N-bromosuccinimide on the enzymatic activity and the conformation of a Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamase EC 3.5.2.6) was studied. Incubation with 10 muM N-bromosuccinimide caused over 95% decrease of the enzymatic activity within 15 min. Spectrophotometric titration with N bromosuccinimide showed that the reaction proceeded in two steps. The half inactivated enzyme was prepared by the reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and its properties examined. Amino acid analysis showed that the half-inactivated enzyme contained one residue of tryptophan less while other amino acid contents were similar. Neither the molecular weight nor the mobility in disc electrophoresis was changed. However, the affinity to a cephalexin-CH-Sepharose column was increased, and the Km value for cloxacillin was one-third that of the native enzyme, although that for benzylpenicillin was similar. These results indicate that a tryptophan residue sensitive to N-bromosuccinimide is essential for the maintenance of the rigid conformation and that its oxidation alters the enzyme in a manner such that a substrate with a bulky group in its side chain can form an enzyme-substrate complex more easily. In the native enzyme, the value of (f(a))(eff) (Lehrer, S.S. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 3254-3263), did not vary significantly in the absence or the presence of cloxacillin. In contrast, in the half-inactivated enzyme the presence of cloxacillin affected the conformation such that over two thirds of the tryptophyl fluorescence were accessible for quenching by KI, although about half was accessible in the absence of cloxacillin. PMID- 807249 TI - Dispersion of epinephrine sensitive and insensitive adenylate cyclase from the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The membrane bound adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) EC 4.6.1.1) of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis could be extracted by washing the membrane fraction with 0.25 M sucrose. The enzyme dissociated in this way did not sediment after centrifugation at 105 000 times g for 2 h and was still responsive to stimulation by epinephrine. Dispersion of the membranes with Triton-X 100 led to purified preparation of the cyclase, which was no longer stimulated by epinephrine but retained fully the activation by fluoride and serotonin. PMID- 807250 TI - Bovine adrenal medullary chromogranin A: studies on the structure and further evidence for identity with dopamine-beta-hydroxylase subunit. AB - 1. Chromogranin A was purified by the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of chromogranin A appeared to be nearly identical to that reported by other investigators and, moreover, was confirmed to be similar to that of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. 2. Dansyl-end group analysis revealed the presence of leucine as the only amino-terminal residue and quantitative estimations showed the presence of two leucine residues per molecule of 77 000 molecular weight. 3. Tryptic and CNBr patterns were obtained. Data are in good agreement with the concept of two nearly identical polypeptide chains per chromogranin A molecule of mol. wt 77 000. Patterns were compared with those obtained in parallel dopamine beta-hydroxylase and support the idea that chromogranin A and the dopamine beta-hydroxylase subunit are identical. Digestion with leucine amino peptidase gave further additional evidence for this suggestion. 4. Chromogranin A appeared to be free of carbohydrates. No cross reaction was detected between chromogranin A and rabbit antibody against bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 807251 TI - A fluorimetric study of the interactions of insolubilized human alpha-lactalbumin with galactosyl transferase (A-protein) and with anti-alpha-lactalbumin antibodies. AB - Intrinsic as well as extrinsic fluorescence of an immobilized protein was used for the study of the interactions between alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose and protein ligands. The fluorescence peak of the human alpha-lactalbumin-agarose conjugate was shifted to the blue and quenched in the presence of the galactosyl transferase (A-protein), indicating the probable formation of a complex between both proteins. The natural fluorescence of human alpha-lactalbumin bound to Sepharose was specifically quenched in presence of antihuman alpha-lactalbumin antibodies. This change in fluorescence appears to be due to binding of the antibodies to the immobilized antigen. Furthermore, the extrinsic fluorescence of a bound dye such as 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate was used to confirm the existence of binding between antibodies and alpha-lactalbumin-agarose, and to obtain values for the association constant. A value of 5.6-10(+6) M(-1) for the binding constant was reported, which compares favorably with other data obtained by equilibrium dialysis. PMID- 807252 TI - Hybrid alpha-amylases produced by the transformants of Bacillus subtilis. III. A possible mechanism of formation of hybird alpha-amylases. AB - Alpha-Amylases (NA64 and NA20) produced by the representative transformants Bacillus subtilis NA64 and NA20 were hybrid enzymes between the two parental alpha-amylases (NAT and MAR) produced by the DNA donor strain of Bacillus natto IAM 1212 and the DNA recipient strain of B. subtilis 6160, a derivative of B. subtilis 168. In order to elucidate a possible mechanism of formation of the hybrid alpha-amylases, 14C-labeled alpha-amylase (SAC) produced by B. subtilis var. amylosarcchariticus, [3H]lysine- and [3H]arginine-labeled alpha-amylases (MAR, NA64, NA20, NAT and SAC), [3H]lysine-labeled alpha-amylase (SAC) and [3H]glucosamine-labeled alpha-amylase (NA64) were purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, carboxy-methylcellulose and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and immunoprecipitation with rabbit antiserum against alpha amylase (SAC). Peptide compositions of the tryptic digests from the labeled alpha amylases were analyzed by double-label AG 50W-X2 column chromatography. On the other hand, amino- and carboxy-terminal amino acid residues of unlabeled alpha amylases (MAR, NA64, NA20 and NAT) were analyzed. Based on these results, the possibility of DNA recombination events in the alpha-amylase structure gene and on the previous results, we attempted to estimate possible peptide arrangements for the four alpha-amylases (MAR, NA64, NA20 and NAT) and possible recombination regions to form the hybrid enzymes introduced by the DNA-mediated transformation of B. subtilis 6160. PMID- 807253 TI - Two-dimensional separation of erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - 1). Erythrocyte membrane proteins eluted with Triton X-100 or dilute EDTA have been separated two-dimensionally by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing 1 percent Triton X-100 plus 8 M urea, followed by electrophoresis using sodium dodecyl sulfate. Characteristic patterns, consistent among 40 healthy donors, were obtained. 2. The resulting patterns contain at least 30 components. The "spectrin" components (sodium dodecyl sulfate Bands 1 and 2) focus in the same pH range. Other membrane components giving single bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis appear to be heterogeneous. 3. Triton X 100, but not EDTA, extracts the principal membrane glycoproteins and the major "intrinsic" protein. Otherwise, proteins preferentially eluted by EDTA extract poorly with Triton X-100 and vice versa. 4. Membrane glycoproteins migrate anodally during electrofocusing and can be purified in a simple, one-step procedure. PMID- 807254 TI - Studies on DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis. I. A cellular factor acting on gamma irradiated DNA and promoting its priming activity for DNA polymerase I. AB - Initiation of new DNA synthesis was observed in B. subtilis cells upon gamma-ray irradiation followed by toluene treatment and incubation in the presence of the four deoxynucleotide triphosphates and Mg2+. This DNA synthesis took place in the absence of ATP and was refractory to 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil which is a specific inhibitor for the type III polymerase of Bacillus subtilis. This repair type DNA synthesis was greatly reduced in mutant cells deficient in DNA polymerase I. Restoration of transforming activity of cellular DNA was found to occur in parellel with the above repair type DNA synthesis. A protein factor which enhances the priming activity of gamma-irradiated DNA for DNA polymerase I was detected in DNA-free extracts prepared from B. subtilis cells by means of lysis with a buffer containing lysozyme, Brij-58 and EDTA. PMID- 807255 TI - Studies on DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis. II. Partial purification and mode of action of an enzyme enhancing the priming activity of gamma-irradiated DNA. AB - A cellular factor which makes T7 DNA irradiated with gamma-rays a better primer for Micrococcus DNA polymerase was partially purified by DEAE and phosphocellulose column chromatography and named "primer activating enzyme". Sucrose density gradient sedimentation analysis was carried out to examine actions of one major active fraction that appeared by phosphocellulose chromatography. It was shown that this factor introduced new nicks in T7 DNA in addition to those introduced directly by gamma-ray irradiation. This enzyme fraction also had an endonucleolytic activity towards DNA containing apurinic sites induced by heat treatment and had capacity to enhance the priming activity of heat- or methyl methansulfonate-treated DNA but affected very little that of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. This enzyme had no effect on T7 DNA when it was not treated with the DNA-damaging agents. From these results we concluded that this enzyme may be analogous to the endonuclease II or apurinic site-specific enconuclease of Escherichia coli. PMID- 807256 TI - The effect of sulphide on cytochrome aa3. Isosteric and allosteric shifts of the reduced alpha-peak. AB - 1. Sulphide, like cyanide, is a slow-binding inhibitor of cytochrome aa3 with a high affinity (KD smaller than 0.1 MUM). 2. Unlike cyanide binding, the binding of sulphide is apparently independent of the redox state of components of the oxidase other than cytochrome a3 and shows no anomalous kinetics during complex formation. 3. Sulphide binding to cytochrome a3-3+ is accompanied by a blue-shift in the alpha-peak of the reduced enzyme (a-2+ a3-3+ H2S), similar to but smaller than that induced by azide. 4. The reduced sulphide-inhibited system shows a much higher Soret peak at 445 nm than the corresponding cyanide and azide complexes, suggesting that partial electron transfer from sulphide to haem may occur in the complex. No evidence was obtained for the formation of any sulfhaem derivatives of cytochrome a3. 5. The influence of energization on the spectrum of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, and the effects of calcium on the alpha-peak of isolated cytochrome aa3 (Wikstrom, M.K.F. (1974) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 227, 146 158) are distinct from the action of the cytochrome a3 ligands. 6. A classification of peak shifts in the alpha-region in terms of isosteric and allosteric ligands is proposed. PMID- 807257 TI - Fluorescence induction in intact spinach chloroplasts. AB - Under conditions in which the Photosystem II quencher is rapidly reduced upon illumination, either after a preillumination or following treatment with dithionite, the fluorescence-induction curve of intact spinich chloroplasts (class I type) displays a pronounced dip. This dip is probably identical with that observed after prolonged anaerobic incubation of whole algal cells ("I-D dip"). It is inhibited by 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and occurs in the presence of dithionite, sufficient to reduce the plastoquinone pool. It is influenced by far red light, methylviologen, anaerobiosis and uncouplers in a manner consistent with the interpretation that it represents a photochemical quenching of fluorescence by an electron transport component situated between the Photosystem II quencher and plastoquinone. Glutaraldehyde inhibition may indicate that protein structural changes are involved. PMID- 807258 TI - Changes in the fluorescence and absorbance of lipoxygenase-1 induced by 13-Ls hydroperoxylinoleic acid and linoleic acid. AB - 1. The addition of 13-Ls-hydroperoxylinoleic acid to lipoxygenase-1 (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.13.11.12) from soybeans at pH 9 and 25 degrees C causes a quenching of the fluorescence of the enzyme at 328 nm when exciited at 280 nm and gives rise to an increase of the absorbance of the enzyme in the 300 nm to 450 nm region. 2. In the absence of 02, addition of linoleic acid to enzyme treated with 13-Ls-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, causes an increase of the fluorescence at 328 nm and a decrease of the absorbance in the 300 nm to 450 nm region. 3. The fluorescence changes are suggested to be directly coupled to the absorbance changes via a non-radioactive energy transfer process. 4. It is proposed that the observed fluorescence and absorbance changes are related to changes in the formal change of iron in the protein. PMID- 807259 TI - Effect of valinomycin on ion transport in bacterial cells and on bacterial growth. AB - The antimicrobial action of valinomycin relative to the K+ and Na+ contents of the medium has been investigated in several species of bacteria, particularly in Streptococcus faecalis, which effects energy-linked transport exclusively via degradation of glycolytic ATP, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, effecting active ion transport by respiration and Staphylococcus aureus, the energy-dependent ion transport of which is due to both glycolytic ATP degradation and respiration. It was demonstrated that valinomycin does not act on K+ transport in the glycolysing cells in the same manner as it does on respiring cells under similar conditions. Addition of valinomycin to respiring cells leads to an increase in K+ influx against the concentrational gradient in both growing and resting cells. In contrast to this, antibiotic-treated glycolysing cells experience passive K+ outflow down the concentrational gradient. It was thus concluded that the electrical potential cannot be the driving force for the energy-linked K+ transport in glycolysing cells. PMID- 807260 TI - [Change in the absorption spectra of carotenoids in dry films of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores in an external electric field]. AB - Electrochromic spectra of carotenoids in dried films of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum in 450-600 nm region are obtained. Their good agreement with the photoinduced absorption changes of the same chromatophores under different conditions is shown. PMID- 807262 TI - Study of mammalian ribosomal protein reactivity in situ. II. - Effect of glutaraldehyde and salts. AB - Results concerning ribosomal protein sensitivity to glutaraldehyde were compared to protein depletion studies using LiCl centrifugation. The relative degree of reactivity of the different proteins was determined by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the activity of the reacted subunits was measured. The results obtained mostly confirmed the studies of methoxynitrotropone reactivity reported earlier. For example, L16, L25, L29, L30, L31, S18, S20 appeared to be definitely exposed to both NH2-reagents and LiCl. Some interesting points emerged from this study regarding protein topography in both subunits: (1) with few exceptions, almost all ribosomal proteins were accessible to the surrounding medium; (2) the sensitivity of the 40S proteins to the three reagents used was lower than was that of the 60S proteins; (3) the reactivities of the subunit components changed when subunits were associated: L8 was more reactive with glutaraldehyde in 60S subunits than in 80S ribosomes. In contrast, S14, S15 and S19 were more exposed in ribosomes than in the 40S subunits. PMID- 807261 TI - Levansucrase of Bacillus subtilis : reexamination of some physical and chemical properties. AB - To give some support to researchs presently in progress in this institute, on the sequence elucidation and the X-Ray pattern of the levansucrase of B. subtilis, some physical and chemical properties of this enzyme were carefully reexaminated. The results explicit and on some points rectify previous reports from this laboratory. The molecular weight was measured by three different methods: sedimentation equilibrium, SDS-gel electrophoresis, gel filtration. They give an average value of 54000 g. From this molecular weight and the value of the Stokes' radius, an estimate of the frictional ratio f/fo was calculated. These results provide some knowledge about the size and the shape of the molecule. They are consistent with the electronic microscopy observations obtained elsewhere. The amino acid composition was determined from the acid hydrolysate. The nature of the sulfur containing aminoacid was established by analysis of (35-S)-labelled levansucrase : neither cysteine nor cystine were found in the molecule. The methionine residues appear essentially under unoxidized form. One terminal residue was characterized by the dansylation method using (14-C)-labelled dansyl chloride. An explanation of the affinity of the levansucrase on hydroxyapatite was attempted. PMID- 807263 TI - [Purification and study of two superoxide dismutases of the mushroom Pleurotus olearius]. AB - Two different superoxide dismutases have been purified from the luminous fungus Pleurotus olearius. The second enzyme SODm presents structural differences with the first enzyme SODc previously described [5]: it has a molecular weight of 78,000 and is composed of identical subunits (20,000); it contains also two functional Mn atoms. Using an antiserum prepared against SODc, we have shown that there is no cross-reaction between these two proteins. Spectral studies of the first enzyme SODc suggest that the active center contains trivalent manganese Mn III. PMID- 807264 TI - Fingerprint studies on mitochondrial and cytoplasmic rRNAs of mouse liver. PMID- 807265 TI - Effect of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing hormone on thyrotrophin and prolactin concentractions in the peripheral plasma of the pregnant ewe, lamb fetus and neonatal lamb. AB - Synthetic thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) has been administered to pregnant ewes, chronically catheterised fetuses in the latter stages of gestation, and to newborn lambs. Both the pregnant ewe and her fetus showed marked rises in TSH and prolactin concentrations after administration of TRH. The placenta was impermeable to TRH, TSH and prolactin in both directions. The sheep fetus near term and the newborn lamb both demonstrated a considerable reserve of secretory capacity for TSH and prolactin. PMID- 807266 TI - Delayed induction by phenobarbital of udp-glucuronyltransferase activity towards bilirubin in fetal liver. AB - Phenobarbital pretreatment of pregnant mice (ASH/TO strain) gave rise to approximately equal concentrations of phenobarbital in both maternal and fetal liver. This pretreatment resulted in increased UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity towards bilirubin in maternal and neonatal liver in fetal liver on days 19 and 20 but in livers from earlier (15-18 day) fetuses GT either was not significantly increased or remained undetectable. Fetal liver is thus not competent to respond to phenobarbital by increasing its GT activity, until just before birth. This pattern persisted through changes in assay conditions and is contrasted with that occuring in embryos free from maternal influence. GT from adult and neontal liver is activated by 0.2 per cent digitonin; in fetal liver this response also does not appear until day 19. PMID- 807267 TI - Assessment of fetal rat parathyroid gland activity during hypocalcemia induced by EDTA. AB - Rat fetuses with or without parathyroid glands (intact or decapitated at 17.5 days of gestation) were injected subcutaneously with the disodium salt of EDTA at 21.5 days of gestation. In the two groups, the unchelated plasma calcium levels were measured within 180 min following the injection. The lowest plasma calcium values were observed 30 min after injection of EDTA in both groups of fetuses. In intact fetuses, the return of plasma calcium levels to normal was completed within 180 min. In decapitated fetuses, recovery was delayed. The marked difference in the recovery curves between the two groups establishes the role of the fetal parathyroid glands in controlling fetal hypocalcemia. Factors which may explain the high plasma calcium level in the rat fetus are discussed in relation to findings from previous reports. PMID- 807268 TI - Perinatal primate parathyroid hormone metabolism. AB - Near-term fetal and neonatal parathyroid gland function has been studied in the Rhesus monkey. Fetal serum ionized calcium (Ca++) levels are significantly greater than simultaneously obtained maternal levels. Fetal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was undetectable both in the basal state and in association with EDTA-induced fetal hypocalcemia. Induced maternal hypocalcemia was associated with increased maternal serum PTH levels and no change in fetal basal serum Ca++ or PTH levels. Only a minimal decrease in simian neonatal serum Ca++ occurred over the first 48 h of life. Normal adult levels of serum PTH were present as early as 6 h of neonatal life. Induced hypocalcemia at 12 h of age resulted in a significant increase in serum PTH levels. PMID- 807269 TI - IgG - subclass abnormalities in primary immunodeficiency diseases. AB - IgG-subclass levels were determined in the sera of 45 patients suffering from various types of immunodeficiency disease. Imbalances of IgG-subclass concentrations were found in 25 cases. IgG-4 levels were most frequently more depressed than the levels of the other subclasses. The percentage distribution of IgG-subclasses was normal in the remaining 20 sera. In a patient with autosomal recessive alymphocytic agammaglobulinemia, subclass concentrations drastically increased after bone marrow transplantion showing transient peaks of restricted heterogeneity. Normal IgG-subclass levels were reached at the end of the observation period. PMID- 807270 TI - Clinical and immunologic features of selective IgA deficiency. AB - Selective absence of serum and secretory IgA is probably the most common form of human immunodeficiency. High frequencies of recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, and atopy were noted among a group of 75 such patients, all but 4 of whom were Caucasian. Seven instances of familial absence of IgA were detected among 106 relatives of 34 of the group; in 1 family 1 member from each of 3 successive generations was affected. Two IgA-deficient children were later found to have normal amounts of serum IgA. Despite their humoral deficit, B lymphocytes bearing surface IgA were detected in 9/9 IgA-deficient patients in immunofluorescence studies of their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although in vitro lymphocyte responses to 2 putative T-cell mitogens and to allogenic cells were normal, results of spontaneous rosette formation studies with sheep erythrocytes raise the possibility of a lymphocyte subpopulation deficit in this condition. PMID- 807271 TI - An immunologic classification of pernicious anemia. AB - Addisonian pernicious anemia (PA) usually develops after age 50. These PA patients are immunocompetent and usually manifest gastric autoimmunity. The prevalence of PA is increased about 10-fold with multiple myeloma and 250-fold in adults with primary immunoglobulin deficiency. Atrophic gastritis develops at an unusually early age with primary immunoglobulin deficiency but not with myeloma. Family history with myeloma is often relevant to PA. Atrophic gastritis develops in both syndromes without gastrict autoantibody production. PMID- 807272 TI - Deficiencies of the complement system in man. AB - Deficiencies of components of the complement system in man are described. Clq was reconstituted in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency after bone marrow transplantation. Clr deficiency is associated with vascular disease and upper respiratory infections. Reconstitution of complement occurred in one patient with Clr deficiency after kidney transplantation. Our C2-deficient patient who developed systemic lupus erythematosus had elevated levels of C3. Following blood transfusion, ie by providing C2, dramatic activation of complement occurred in vivo. PMID- 807273 TI - Hereditary C2 deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus and acquired complement abnormalities in an unusual SLE-related syndrome. AB - Early study of kindreds with C2 deficiency indicated that absence of C2 had no detrimental effect on affected individuals. Studies of additional kindreds, however, show a high incidence of SLE and other connective tissue diseases among homozygous C2-deficient members. A group of patients with an unusual SLE-related syndrome is described. In common with certain SLE patients they have marked depression of early complement components and presence of circulating Clq precipitins. It is suggested that early complement components are involved in specific host defense mechanisms and deficiencies of these components may predispose to such diseases. PMID- 807274 TI - Hereditary C6 deficiency in man. AB - An 18-year-old black female (D.B.) in good general health was found to have no hemolytic activity in serum CH50 titrations. Functional assays yielded normal values for all C components except C6. C6 was not detectable in plasma or serum by two different functional assays nor by antigenic analysis using monospecific anti-C6 antibody. Hemolytic activity was restored by addition of functionally pure C6. By specific functional assay, both parents and 5 of 6 available sibs had approximately half-normal serum C6 levels and 1 sib was normal. Biologic properties of D.B. serum include: a) absent bactericidal activity against S. typhi 0 901 with or without added rabbit antibody; b) normal generation of chemotactic activity for human neutrophils in the presence of endotoxin or aggregated IgG; c) ability to sensitize appropriate cells for immune adherence of agglutination by anti-C3 Coombs serum; and d) inability to lyse PNH red cells in either acid hemolysis or "sugar water" tests. An extensive clotting workup by standard methods was within normal limits. These studies document for the first time a human kindred with C6 deficiency. This defect exhibits a classic mendelian autosomal inheritance, with all 3 genotypes being recognizable. Unlike the C6 deficient rabbits studied by others, the homozygous C6-deficient human exhibits chemotactic and coagulation functions within the range of normal. PMID- 807276 TI - immunoperturbation in paraproteinemia. AB - The immunoperturbations in paraproteinemias are due predominantly to a disturbance of the B-cell system. The immunologic deficiency is characterized clinically by an increased susceptibility to infections and serologically by a reduction of the nonmyeloma immunoglobulins. In advances cases the capacity to produce specific antibodies is impaired. This may be attributed to a low rate of synthesis or an increased catabolism of normal immunoglobulins. PMID- 807275 TI - Plasma therapy: an alternative to gamma globulin injections in immunodeficiency. AB - The intravenous infusion of fresh-frozen plasma is an alternative to intramuscular immune serum globulin (ISG) injections. When given in doses of 15 ml/kg at 3-week intervals, the IgG levels achieved are significantly higher than those achieved by 0.7 ml/kg of ISG and they persist longer. In addition, IgM and IgA levels are raised slightly. Other advantages of plasma include the avoidance of intramuscular infections, better patient tolerance, and provision of other serum proteins. The chief disadvantages of plasma are the risk of serum hepatitis (which can be minimized by donor selection) and the inconvenience of procurement and administration. However, it is the treatment of choice for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, certain opsonic deficiencies and patients refractory, sensitive or unable to have ISG injections. PMID- 807277 TI - Red cell iron uptake in hereditary microcytic anemia. AB - The iron uptake in vitro of red cells from mice with hereditary microcytic anemia (gene symbol mk) was studied to examine the hypothesis of a generalized impairment of cellular iron uptake in this conidition. Reticulocyte-rich red cells from anemic (mk/mk) and acutely bled normal (+/+) mice were incubated in 59Fe-labeled mouse plasma and the radioiron uptake measured. The 59Fe uptake of the mk/mk and +/+ cells was related in the same way to the reticulocyte concentration, the duration of incubation, and the percentage saturation of the plasma iron-binding capacity. However, under the same conditions, the iron uptake of red cells from normal (+/+) mice was greater than that by red cells from anemic (mk/mk) mice. Furthermore, the cellular loss of radioiron on exposure to EDTA was greater for the mk/mk red cells, although the proportion of the radioiron taken up that was incorporated into heme was the same for mk/mk and +/+ red cells. These results support the hypothesis of a generalized impairment of cellular iron uptake in hereditary microcytic anemia and suggest that there might be a defect in red cell receptor sites for transferrin in this condition. PMID- 807278 TI - Immunoglobulins on the surface of blast cells in human acute leukemia. AB - By means of the direct fluorescent antibody technique it was shown that malignant cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not, as a rule, bear immunoglobulins on the cell surgace (43 of 45 cases). During complete remission the number of Ig positive cells corresponds to the number of Ig-positive cells in normal lymphocyte populations. During incomplete remission as well as during incomplete remission as well as during intensive chemotherapy, the lymphocyte-like cells are evidently malignant, since they do not contain a normal number of Ig-positive lymphocytes. In acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (AMML), lymphocytes distribute normally according to the number of Ig positive and Ig-negative in 34 of 38 cases. AMML blast cells were Ig-positive in nine of ten cases. The data are discussed in the light of current concepts about the presence of a common precursor cell of granulocytes and monocytes. PMID- 807279 TI - A method of measuring the water solubilty of hydrophobic chemicals: solubility of five polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 807280 TI - Binding of the chlorinated hydrocarbon bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 807281 TI - Hypertension and renal artery stenosis with aneurysm formation in a solitary kidney in a patient with neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of hypertension in a patient with neurofibromatosis and renal artery stenosis with aneurysm formation in a solitary kidney is described. Studies of plasma renin activity and body sodium content are presented and have been related to findings in patients and experimental animals with renovascular hypertension. A reconstructive operative procedure is described in which the kidney is perfused in situ. PMID- 807282 TI - Fibrosarcoma arising in diverticulum of the urinary bladder. PMID- 807284 TI - Proceedings: conservative management of prostatic cancer. PMID- 807283 TI - Peyronie's disease. AB - The history and clinical features of Peyronie's disease are briefly reviewed. The results of treatment with procarbazine ("Natulan") are presented. It is concluded that treatment with procarbazine is often effective and is indicated in a selected group of patients, provided the appropriate precautions in its use are undertaken. PMID- 807285 TI - Proceedings: protocol for irradiation in the management of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 807286 TI - Proceedings: various uses for the Storz nephroscope. PMID- 807287 TI - Editorial: chronic paronychia. PMID- 807288 TI - Letter: malaria vaccines. PMID- 807289 TI - Postpartum rubella vaccination and anti-D prophylaxis. PMID- 807290 TI - Glomerular filtration rate estimation based on a single blood sample. PMID- 807291 TI - Cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 807292 TI - Letter: Treatment of asthmatic children with steroids. PMID- 807293 TI - Border disease of sheep. Comparison of the results of serological testing using complement fixation, immunodiffusion, neutralization and immunofluorescent techniques. PMID- 807294 TI - Eye movement-related inhibition of primate visual neurons. AB - The influence of saccadic eye movements (EM) upon spontaneous neuronal activity was studied in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and striate visual cortex (VC) of encephale isole monkeys. EM were spontaneous and occurred in total darkness to eliminate the effects of retinal image displacement. The activity of LGN cells was not altered in association with EM. In contrast, 76% of cells studied in VC displayed a period of inhibition related to spontaneous EM in total darkness. EM-related inhibition of VC neurons was directionally specific; for each cell there was one quadrant of EM direction for which inhibition was most prominent. The majority of VC neurons showed inhibition in relation to EM directed into only one quadrant of the visual field. Reliable detection of EM related inhibition required the formation of average histograms of neuronal firing time-locked to EM. For individual EM (even of optimum direction), a consistent degree of inhibition was not seen. The time course of EM-related inhibition of VC neurons is consistent with that reported for saccadic suppression. These results support the concept of a central mechanism (corollary discharge) acting at the cortical level being of significance in saccadic suppression. PMID- 807295 TI - The unitary activity of the substantia nigra following stimulation of the striatum in the awake monkey. PMID- 807296 TI - Further studies on the difference between ventricular and subarachnoid perfusion. AB - In order to study the exchanges between the subarachnoid fluid and the adjacent cortical tissue independently of the choroid plexus, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was perfused from the supracallosal cistern to the cisterna magna in the rabbit. Test substances were introduced into the blood and held at a constant level. The degree of penetration by the blood-borne test substances into the artificial CSF perfused into the cortical subarachnoid space was noted. The degree of penetration of these test substances into the artificial CSF does not solely reflect rates of exchange between this fluid and the exposed cortex for it was shown histologically as well as physiologically that the artificial CSF does not remain in the subarachnoid space but also enters the subdural space to exchange with the blood via the dural capillaries. Thus this experimental model routinely produces an artefactual situation which restricts its use in the study of CSF-brain relations. PMID- 807297 TI - Precentral unit activity following torque pulse injections into elbow movements. AB - (1) Precentral neural activity was studied in relation to transient load changes on self-paced elbow movements. Four Cebus monkeys were trained to turn a freely moving handle back and forth between two targets by alternating self-paced elbow flexions and extensions. Torque pulses (of 10 or 100 msec) injected randomly to load or unload the movements stretched or slackened the appropiate prime movers: biceps or triceps. Perturbed movements oscillated at about 5.5 Hz but were completed successfully in about the same time as unperturbed movements. (2) Torque pulses evoked distinct "early" responses with latencies of 20-40 msec in 134 out of 153 precenteral neurons. Oppositely directed torque pulses evoked reciprocal (i.e. increased or decreased) early responses in 61 neurons, and uniform responses in 27 neurons. (3) Early responses were followed by "late" responses with peaks succeeding one another at about 5.5 Hz in 111 neurons, but another 16 exhibited late responses only. (4) Timing of both early and late cortical responses was tightly coupled to peripheral changes. Early responses were timed by the initial torque-induced passive elbow jerk. Timing of late responses was best related to subsequent peak decelerations of accelerations. Intensity of the early but not of all late precentral responses was tightly coupled to peripheral events. (5) Torque pulses that impeded flexions or extensions evoked spinal stretch reflexes in biceps or triceps with EMG latencies of about 15 msec, leading to an acceleration peak about 25 msec later. A second EMG burst followed the first in about 30 msec. The second burst occurred about 20 msec after onset of the early precentral response, which is thought to have caused it, as well as a second acceleration peak that was seen about 60 msec after precentral response (for flexion load pulses). Peaks of late precentral responses were followed by acceleration peaks within about 70 msec. (6) An interaction akin to the spinal stretch reflex is thus revealed between elbow perturbations, early responses of precentral neurons and subsequent elbow movements: discharges of neurons that usually fire in relation to an intended movement can be altered by sudden load changes so that the neurons tend to reduce mismatch between intended and actual movements (cortical load compensation), created by the perturbation. An analagous interaction may also occur with late cortical responses. PMID- 807298 TI - Effects of dentate cooling on precentral unit activity following torque pulse injections into elbow movements. AB - (1) The effects were studied of brief, reversible cooling of the dentate nucleus of two Cebus monkeys on the activity of 69 precentral neurons that were related to self-paced elbow flexions or extensions. Sixty-two neurons were studied when movements were randomly perturbed by transient load changes. (2) During unperturbed movements dentate cooling altered precentral activity and movement parameters in the same direction. Extension movements and extension-related precentral neurons developed oscillations and rhythmical activity at about 4 Hz with increased peak values of acceleration and discharge intensity. Flexion peak accelerations and dynamic properties of flexion-related precentral neurons decreased. (3) Dentate cooling had no major effects on the "early" precentral responses to torque pulses and on the initial rapid movement adjustment. (4) Dentate cooling decreased intensity of "late" precentral responses and slowed their frequency together with associated movement oscillations from 5-6 Hz to 3-4 Hz. EMG bursts of biceps and triceps were prolonged accordingly. (5) It is concluded that the tightly coupled interaction between precentral motor cortex and the evolving movement was independent of dentate function in the early stage of the cortical load compensation. The dentate nucleus was involved, however, in adjusting intensity and frequency of subsequent late precentral responses and of movement oscillations. PMID- 807299 TI - Biochemical observations following administration of taurine to patients with epilepsy. AB - Amino acid analysis of plasma and urine obtained from 12 patients with epilepsy indicated that the plasma concentrations of taurine and glutamic acid were much higher than might have been expected. Glutamic acid in urine was also increased in these patients. Oral administration of taurine did not appreciably affect the levels of amino acids in plasma or urine with the exception of that of glutamic acid. In patients with an abnormal plasma concentration of glutamic acid, the administration of taurine caused glutamic acid levels to change in the direction of normal values along with a decrease in the urinary excretion of this amino acid. This action of taurine was independent of either its initial or final plasma concentration. Amino acid concentrations in the CSF were within normal range and were not influenced by taurine administration. The selective elevation of both taurine and glutamic acid in the plasma, combined with previous findings of a deficiency of these same amino acids in human and experimental epileptogenic brain, implies that some patients with epilepsy may suffer from an aberration in taurine and glutamic acid metabolism. Taurine administration appears to partially correct these biochemical abnormalities. Theoretically, such normalization of the amino acid profile in epileptogenic brain may be beneficial, but clinical signs of improvement may only become apparent after a long delay. The present study was designed to determine only the biochemical parameters implicated in taurine administration and no definite conclusions can be drawn as to the clinical efficacy of the amino acid in epilepsy. However, this study suggests that in future clinical trials investigating the potential use of taurine as an antiepileptic agent, the oral dose of taurine should not exceed 1.0 g/day and optimal doses may be as low as 0.1-0.5 g/day. In one patient who received 2.0-2.5 g of taurine/day for 2 weeks, a generalized amino aciduria occurred. PMID- 807300 TI - Analysis of developing enamel of the rat. I. Fractionation; protein and calcium content. AB - The developing or immature enamel of rat incisors contained 7.1% protein, 31.4% Ca2+, and about 1% carbohydrate. Sequential extractions with distilled water removed as much as 8.0% of the immature enamel which contained 58.5% of the whole enamel protein. The mean protein content of the water-extractable fractions was 51.9%; mean calcium content was 0.05%. About 22% of the water-extractable fraction was dialyzable; the dialysate contained 12.0% protein and the non dialyzable fraction 41.0% protein. The residue that remained after the sequential extractions with water contained 3.6% protein and 32.7% Ca2+. Ninety-four percent of the residue was lost when demineralized by dialysis against 0.1 M EDTA at pH 7.0; included with the loss was 13.7% of the whole enamel protein. The nondialyzable, EDTA-water-soluble fraction contained 25.3% protein; the nondialyzable water-insoluble fraction contained 50.4% protein. The latter fraction accounted for about 25% of the whole immature enamel protein. PMID- 807301 TI - Analysis of developing enamel of the rat. II. Electrophoretic and amino acid studies. AB - Amino-acid analyses showed that proline, glutamic acid and leucine were the most common amino acids in immature or developing enamel and in each of its fractions (i.e., in the 1st and 14th water-extractable fractions of a sequential series of extractions, EDTA-water soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The immature enamel and its 1st and 14th water-extractable fractions were similar in their proportions of the basic amino acids (lysine, histidine and arginine), the beta hydroxylated aliphatic amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine). On the other hand, the immature enamel differed from the water-extractable fractions chiefly in its relative content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, proline, glycine, tyrosine and methionine. Also the 1st water-extractable fraction differed from the 14th in its amino-acid profile. tthe EDTA-water soluble fraction most closely resembled the 14th water-extractable fraction except for its proportion of arginine and alanine residues. Although with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the EDTA-water-soluble and the water extractable fractions exhibited companion bands (at least 7 peaks were evident at pH 9.3) they differed decidely as to which band was the most prominent. The water insoluble fractions compared with any of the soluble fractions or with immature enamel showed a higher percent of serine, threonine, glycine, aspartic acid, alanine, valine, lysine, and arginine but relatively less glutamic acid, proline, methionine and histidine. Neither hydroxyproline nor hydroxylsine were detected in any of the samples. PMID- 807302 TI - Analysis of developing enamel of the rat III. Carbohydrate, DEAE-sephadex, and immunological studies. AB - Carbohydrate analyses showed L-fucose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-arabinose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, N-acetyl mannosamine, glucuronic acid and several unknown species to be present in the immature enamel or in one of its fractions. The concentration of carbohydrates was greatest in the water extractable fraction and next greatest in the water-insoluble fraction. The water extractable, EDTA-water-soluble, and water-insoluble fractions each differed in their spectrum of carbohydrates. With DEAE-Sephadex fractionation at pH 5.5, the water-extractable fraction was separated partially into 7 peaks. Four fractions were recovered from the 7 peaks, each of which differed from the others in amino acid and carbohydrate content and in polyacrylamide gel characteristics. Immunoelectrophoretic procedures showed that antibodies will develop against the EDTA-water-soluble fraction. PMID- 807303 TI - Low-temperature ashing of bovine dentine. AB - The present studies were performed to obtain data on the low-temperature ashing (lta of dentine. Observations of colour and acid solubility, measurement of weight loss, and chemical analyses of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen assessed the ashing efficiency. The LTA method was sufficient to deproteinize dentine powder below 300 mesh. The determinations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in dentine showed no significant differences between LTA, muffle furnace ashing (MFA), and wet ashing. The carbonate content was not significantly different after drying and LTA, but apporximately 48% carbonate was lost using MFA. X-ray diffraction patterns of dentine powder showed no detectable changes before and after LTA treatment compared to the patterns after treatment by MFA and/or ethylenediamine extraction. PMID- 807304 TI - Studies on Z-Fraction. I. Isolation and partial characterization of low molecular weight ligand-binding protein from rat hepatic cytosol. AB - The Z-fraction has been defined operationally as a ligand-binding (bilirubin sulfobromophthalein) portion of rat hepatic cytosol that elutes in the molecular weight region of 10(4) daltons after gel filtration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses under different conditions, as well as binding stoichiometry, confirm the anticipated heterogeneity of the Z-fraction. Three factors have contributed to the subsequent resolution of the Z-fraction and partial characterization of that protein within the fraction with ligand-binding properties (Z-protein): (1) the use of hexachlorophene as ligand; (2) the inclusion of glycerol, 20%, during isolation to prevent aggregation and loss of binding-activity; and (3) the development of a charcoal binding assay. Upon ion exchange chromatography, the Z-fraction resolves into a group of distinct protein components and an unidentified material with a high 260/280 nm absorbancy ratio. The one protein component with binding capacity exhibits homogeneity on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (11% gel, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121, 404-427, 1964; and 15% gel with SDS). With use of the charcoal method, apparent dissociation constants for the interaction between Z-protein and hexachlorophene, bilirubin and L-thyroxine, were found to be 20, 50, and 350 muM, respectively. The Scatchard plot generated upon extrapolation an n value of 1.0 with assumption of a molecular weight for Z-protein of 10(4) daltons. PMID- 807305 TI - The participation of common and species-"specific" antigens of Mycobacteria in the tuberculin skin reaction. AB - Protoplasmic extracts isolated from four different species of mycobacteria contained common and species-specific antigens. Both the common and the specific antigens were involved in the elicitation of the tuberculin reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. The elimination of the common antigens from the extracts by means of cross absorption with heterologous mycobacterial antibodies led to preparations which, at the doses used in this study, elicited a cutaneous reaction in animals sensitized with the corresponding strains only. Moreover, the tuberculin activity of the common antigens was about the same in animals sensitized either with homologous or heterologous strains. PMID- 807306 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCIIR LPS to respiring mitochondria stimulated the rate of substrate oxidation, reduced the respiratory control ratio, stimulated oxygen uptake in state 4, and released the inhibition imposed upon state 3 by atractyloside. It was concluded that LPS acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and that it produced effects similar to those observed with the classical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. PMID- 807307 TI - Protozoa and the decline of Rhizobium populations added to soil. AB - A fall in Rhizobium abundance occurred in nonsterile soil inoculated with large numbers of the root-nodule bacteria, but many of the rhizobia still survived. No such decline was evident in sterile soil. Protozoa feeding on these bacteria were isolated from soil and other environments. As the abundance of Rhizobium meliloti and a cowpea Rhizobium strain in soil decreased, the protozoan density increased. The inability of the predators to eliminate their prey from soil was not the result of the presence of organisms feeding on the protozoa because many rhizobia survived in sterile soil inoculated with the prey and cultures of individual protozoa, nor was it the result of the rapid multiplication of the bacteria to replace those consumed because survivors were still numerous in essentially organic matter free soil in which the bacteria did not grow appreciably. The lack of elimination also was not associated with a protective effect of soil particles because survivors were still abundant in solutions inoculated with protozoa and bacteria. It is suggested that the size of the prey population diminishes until a density is attained at which the energy used by the predator in hunting for the survivors equals that obtained from the feeding. PMID- 807308 TI - Contamination of shellfish with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and specific bacteriophages. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its corresponding bacteriophages were sought in oysters and mussels throughout 1973. Forty-eight percent of the oysters and 74% of the mussels examined during the last half of the year contained P. aeruginosa; serotype P3 was predominant. The percentage of oysters contaminated by bacteriophages active on P. aeruginosa increased throughout the year, from 0 to 4% between January and May to 69% in November. We were unable to establish a significant relationship between the presence of the bacterium and that of its specific bacteriophages in the shellfish. PMID- 807309 TI - Ultraviolet sensitivity and photoproducts in spore-like bodies of an excision repair-deficient and dipicolinic-acid-less strain of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis strain UVS-42DPA is defective in both excision-repair capability and dipicolonic acid(DPA)accumulation. In sporulation medium, it forms spore-like bodies, which are sensitive to ultraviolet light (UV) as the vegetative cells and produce mostly cyclobutane dimers instead of "spore photoproduct" upon UV irradiation. The results suggest that the drastic change in the photochemical reactivity of DNA during sporulation might be induced and(or) maintained by the accumulation of DPA. PMID- 807311 TI - Treatment of para-aortic nodes in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Thirty-six cases of carcinoma of the cervix with positive pelvic or para-aortic nodesdiagnosed by lymph node scan, lymphangiogram, and/or biopsy have received radiation therapy to the para-aortic nodal area at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Megavoltage radiation delivering a tumor dose of approximately 5000 rads in 5 weekshas been used. Of 26 patients avaiable for foloowup for 2 years, 11 were alive; of 8 followed for 5 years, 4 were alive. The severe complication rate was 19.5%, with a 5.5% mortality. Conclusions an- implications for further therapy are discussed. PMID- 807310 TI - Comparative activity of tobramycin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas, Proteus and Providencia species. AB - Tobramycin is a new antibiotic resembling gentamicin. We measured the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these two antibiotics against five bacterial species that cause hospital-acquired infections and are resistant to many presently available antibiotics. The organisms tested were 500 strains of Pseudomones aeruginosa, 100 strains of each of Proteus rettgeri and Pr. morganii, 50 strains of Pr. vulgaris and 250 strains of Providencia stuartii. Tobramycin was 2 to 4 times more active than gentamicin against Ps. aeruginosa; all except 6 of 70 strains resistant to 4 mug/ml of gentamicin were sensitive to 4 mug/ml of tobramycin. The two antibiotics showed a similar degree of activity against the other four species. Tobramycin promises to be of particular value in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. PMID- 807312 TI - Carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth: fifteen years' experience with linear acceleration therapy. AB - One hundred fourteen patients with carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth were treated with high-dose megavoltage radiation at Stanford University from 1956 to1970. Actuarial 5-year survival for 56 patients with oral tongue lesions was: T', 73; T', 37%; and T', 19%. Similarly, for 58 patients with lesions of the floor mouth, 5-year survival was: T', 73%; T', 37%; and T', 25%. Local control of the primary was obtained in oral tongue T' lesions 10 of 11 times; T', 5 of 8; and T', 13 of 36 times. For floor of mouth, local control was: T', 22 of 26;T', 7 of 14; andT', 3 of 15. There was an indication that better control was obtained if interstitialtherapy was a planned part of the treatment. Dose for local control when external radiation alone was utilized was usually over 1900 rets. Patients with initially clinicallynegative nodes (TXNO) who had a low radiation dose to primary echelon lymph nodes developed later cervical lymph node metastases 38% of the time. In no case did late metastatic disease appear in patients whose necks were treated prophylactically. PMID- 807313 TI - Treatment of chromophobe adenmas with megavoltage tirradiation. AB - From 1956-1972, 62 previously untreated patients with chromophobe adenomas received high-dose (average equivalent dose: 5700rads in 6 weeks) megavoltage (4 4.8 MeV) irradiation at Stanford, 33 postoperatively and 29 as the only intended treatment. Initialtreatment failure rates were 18% and 41%, respectively; however, overall control was 85% and 90%, despite 2 uncontrolled "invasive" adenomas in each group. Nine of the 12 failures in the group treated by irradiation alone had cystic tumors, and 9 of the 12 "failed" in less than 3 months. Despite a considerably greater degree of abnormal vision initially in the postoperative irradiation group, improvement of vision with treatment in that group was 83% (19% returned to normal) compared to 46% (only 8% to normal) in the irradiation alone group. Based upon an evaluation of the extent of findings at diagnosis and our results, we recommend surgical decompression followed by 5000 rads in 5 weeks for patients with any one or more of the following findings: 1)more than minimal depression of peripheral visual fields; 2) corrected visual actuity of less than 20/30 in either eye; or 3)more than 1-cm suprasellar extension of tumor. We recommend irradiation alone, as specified, for smaller adenomas accompanied by less extensive or no visual abnormalities. PMID- 807314 TI - Radiation therapy as primary treatment for early stage carcinoma of the breast. AB - A treatment program for early stage breast cancer consisting of biopsy only and primary radiation therapy is described. The treatment plan is "radical" with tumoricidal doses or radiation delivered to the breast and axillary, supraclavicular, and internal mammory lymph nodes, i.e. 6000-7000 rads to clinically involved areas and 4500-5000 rads to subclinical disease. Thirty patients have been treated with this program, with followupranging from 1-10 years. Only 1 patient has died from her disease; 1 has had a lot oflocal recurrence readily controlled with mastectomy. Twenty-six patients arealive and well; there have been 3 deaths from intercurrent illness. No significant radiation complications have occurred. Radiation therapy as the sole treatment for breast cancer has been described in the literature for at least 20 years but generally ignored byclinicians. It deserves evaluation as a treatment option in randomized therapeutic trails. PMID- 807315 TI - Biological effects evaluated as a function of patient thickness, beam quality, SSD,and treatment schedule. AB - Continuing efforts are being made by clinical radiotherapists to evaluate radiationcomplications to normal tissue and organs by specific time-dose parameters. Currently,the NSD concept of Ellis is receiving wide application in the literature in the reporting of radiation complications and normal tissue tolerances. To afford an easy and broad application of the NSD concept to the evaluation of physiological, functional, or structural changes, the authors have evolved mathematical expressions for the calculations of NSD as a function of patient thickness, beam energy, SSD, and treatment schedule involving coplanar field arrangements whether the fields are treated alternately or simultaneously. Several interesting aspects evolving form the concepts of treatment planning interms of the NSD or biological effects indicate that 1) for beam energies above 22 MeV, treatment is more ideally performed by treating only one field per day, since the depth of electronic equiliberium provides more effective sparing of superficial organs andtissues; 2) large-field therapy, such as the total nodal irradiation of Hodgkin'sdisease, can be more effectively treated in terms of tissue sparing by higher energy beamsthan cobalt-60 or 4-MeV for practically all patient dimensions; 3) a new concept ofintegral biological dose,the "gram-ret", is proposed, which represents the quantitation of total biological effect; 4) a series of tables with multiplication factors programmed on a digital computeris presented, which very quickly make available the NSD in any fractionated radiation treatment cycle to any plane of the body as a fuction of the beam energy, SSD, patient thickness, and continuous or split-course therapy schedule. PMID- 807316 TI - Explorotory study of proton radiation therapy using large field techniques and fractionated dose schedules. AB - Three patients have been treated with 160-MeV protons combined with high-energy photons to examine the advantages and difficulties associated with the clinical implementation of a program of large-field, fractionated-dose, protonradiation therapy. We havefound it necessary to 1) obtain an accurate three-dimensional determination of the treatment volume including the density of all tissues in the beam path; 2) construct an adequate bolus to compensate for tissue heterogeneities; 3) use much more precise and accurate immobilization and patient positioning devices than used in photon irradiation; 4) treat with both protons and photons so as to keep the skin dose within an acceptable level. IN TISSUES WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT INHOMOGENETIES DUE TO BONE AND AIR SPACES WE HAVE DELIVEREDA WELL-DEFINED DOSE TO INVOLVED TISSUES WHILE SPARING DISTAL SENSITIVE STRUCTURES. However, in those regions where there is much "fine structure" of tissue density, it has been difficult to compensate satisfactorily for the inhomogeneties. PMID- 807318 TI - Radiobiological studies of a high-energy modulated proton beam utilizing cultured mammalian cells. AB - The modulated, 160-MeV proton beam produced by the Harvard Cyclotron has been examined in detail for its ability to kill mammalian cells as assayed by colony forming ability. Using two different cell exposure techniques, the characteristics of position and total dose in producing cell death in two aneuploid cell lines selected for their radiobiological relevance have been determined... PMID- 807317 TI - Fractionated dose of 35-MEV fast neutrons and hypoxic tumor cell survival curve. AB - The determination of the RBE for the MANTA fast neutrons produced by NRL is inprogress, with the model system using tumor cell population kinetic response patterns assayed in vitro after irradiation in vivo. Ascites tumor cells BW-5147 were irradiated with a clinically usable fast neutron beam from the NRL cyclotron, which is produced by accelrating deuterons to 35 MeV and using htem to bombard a thick berylliumtarget. The comparison of dose-effect relationships was made for doses ranging from30 to 1000 rads. The doses required for an isoeffect on BW-5147 hypoxic tumor cell survival and impairment of its reproductive capacity from fast neutron exposure were not different wheither it was given a single dose or the same dose given in three fractions separated by long recovery periods in situ. No intracellular repair of sublethal injury when the dose was given in three fractions, although the hypoxic BWp5147 tumor cells haveno effective reoxygenation or repopulation in this time interval. The RBE for the fast neutron beam is 4 relative to x rays for fractionated doses at the surviving fractionlevel of 0.6-0.7, while the RBE IS 2.5 FOR SINGLE DOSES. However, at a surviving fraction of 0.1, the RBE is 1.9 for single and 2.8 for fractionated doses. Analysis of thedaily cell population rate or mitotic delay between the two types of radiations at a similiar level of survival. PMID- 807319 TI - Tolerance of the spinal cord of rats to irradiation with cyclotron-accelerated heliumions. AB - Spinal cords of rats were exposed to either single doses of helium ions ranging from 500 to 3500 rads, or to fractionated doses of helium ions ranging from 1300 to 6530 rads using 10 equal fractions given over 22 days. Both plateau and spread-out Bragg peak regions of ionization were used. For single doses there was no difference betweenplateau or spread-out Bragg peak ionization regions for production of paralysis; thetolerance dose for production of paralysis was about 1900 rads. For the fractionation experiment, there was also no difference between plateau or spread-out Bragg peak ionization regions for production of paralysis; the tolerance dose was between 5220 and 6530rads. Comparison of dose levels producing about 10% partial paralysis indicates that about 500 rads of dose is recovered between fractions. In both single dose and fractionated experiments, latency between onset of paralysis was between 20 to 24 weeks. PMID- 807320 TI - A direct ligand-binding radioassay for the measurement of methotrexate in tissues and biological fluids. AB - A direct ligand-banding radioassay for methotrexate (MTX) has been developed using dihydrofolate reductase, contained in the lysate of L1210 leukemia cells, as the binding determinant. The procedure is a two-phase reaction system where standard MTX concentrations or the sample being assayed in incubated with the reagent lysate in the first phase, and [3H]MTX is then added in the second phase to titrate the remaining unoccupied binding sites on the enzyme. This method eliminates the need for measuring the residual catalytic activity of the enzyme. The sensitivity of the radioassay is limited only by the specific activity of the [3H]MTX and how approximates 10 pg of the drug. Folic acid, methyltetrahydrofolate, formyltetrahydrofolate, and dehydrofolate in concentrations that are physiological do not interfere in the radioassay. Both mercaptoethanol and reduced nicotinamide andnine dinucleotide phosphate increase the binding capacity of the lysate for MTX; but the reduced nucleotide also increases the affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitor. MTX added to serum can be assayed without extraction if the concentration is greater than 500 pg/ml and recovery of the drug added to serum is about 92%. MTX has been assayed in serum, spinal fluid, and urine of patients who were treated with this drug. It has also been assayed in the lysates of L1210 cells from C57BL X DBA/2 F1 mice treated with MTX. The procedure is simple, rapid, and accurate and should permit better correlation of the therapeutic and toxic effects of MTX with blood concentrations over long-term treatment periods. PMID- 807321 TI - Neoantigens on chemically transformed cloned C3H mouse embryo cells. AB - Using an in vitro cytotoxicity test for cell-mediated immunity and a membrane immunofluorescence test, the appearance of new antigens was detected on cloned C3H mouse embryo cells undergoing malignant transformation in vitro following treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. These antigens were recognized by specifically immunized syngeneic mice and were individually unique for each of eight chemically transformed cell lines tested, all of which were derived from the same control parent clone. Very few cross reactions were seen between lymphoid cells or antibody from mice immunized against a given cell line and target cells of other cell lines. New antigens could not be detected on two spontaneously transformed lines. Lymphoid cells from multiparous pregnant or embryo-immunized cmice were used to search for fetal antigens on control and transformed cells. Fetal antigens were detected on seven of the chemically transformed cell lines and one spontaneous transformant, but not on nontransformed control cells. It is concluded that individually specific new antigens are characteristic of chemically transformed cells, but the expression of fetal antigens may be a more common feature of transformed cells in general. PMID- 807322 TI - Nacroautoradiographic assays in pregnant mice and their fetuses given N-acetyl-9 [14C]-2-aminofluorene and p-[14C]-dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - The distribution of radioactivity from N-acetyl-9-[114C]-2-aminofluorene and p [14C]-dimethylaminoazobenzene administered i.v. or p.o. to 18-day-pregnant mice was observed by means of autoradiography of longitudinal section of the whole mouse. Radioactive substances derived from these carcinogens passed through the placenta and were distributed in the fetal organs including the kidney and intestine. Column, thin-layer, and paper chromatography revealed the presence, in while fetuses as well as in maternal livers, of N-acety-9-[14C]-2-aminofluorene. N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-9-[14C]-2-aminofluorene, ring-hydroxy-N-acetyl-9-[14C]-2 aminofluorene, and p-[14C]-dimethylaminoazobenzene. These results establish that N-acetyl-9-[14C]-2-aminofluorene and [14C]-p-dimethylaminoazobenzene are transported, metabolized, and excreted in the mouse fetus. PMID- 807323 TI - Effects of Corynebacterium granulosum on weight and histology of lymphoid organs, response to mitogens, skin allografts, and a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in mice. AB - We studied the effect of single and multiple injections of Corynebacterium granulosum on weight and histology of lymph nodes and spleen, on peripheral white blood cell count, response of peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph node, and spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, survival of skin allografts, and lung metastases of a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in C3Hf/Bu mice. Corynebacterium parvum was used in some studies on antitumor activity. The weight of lymph nodes and spleen was markedly increased by single and multiple i.p. injections of C. granulosum, the peak enlargement occurring at Day 7 in lymph nodes and at Day 16 in spleen. Histologically, there was an extensive proliferation of nucleated cells in the enlarged organs. C. granulosum did not change the total white blood cell count but caused a temporary lymphopenia. In general, in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen of blood lymphocytes and spleen cells was decreased. Lymph node cell response to phytohemagglutinin was increased by small doses (0.025 mg) of C. granulosum, was not altered by a single large dose (0.5 mg), and was decreased by multiple doses. The response of lymph node cells to pokeweed mitogen was increased by all treatments. These changes in response to mitogens were demonstrable for about 2 months after treatment. Treatment i.v. with 0.1 or 0.25 mg of C. granulosum given before but not after grafting significantly prolonged the survival of grafted BALB/c skin. Smaller doses of this bacterium were not effective. Splenectomy of skin graft recipients did not prevent the effect of C. granulosum. Treatment i.p. or i.v. with this bacterium significantly decreased the number of lung metastases from i.v.-injected fibrosarcoma cells, even if the cells were injected 3 to 4 months later. The magnitude of this effect varied with the dose and frequency of injection of C. granulosum and C. parvum. PMID- 807324 TI - Inhibitory effect of L-arginine on growth of rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - The effect of L-arginine on growth of rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was studied. Growth of induced tumors was inhibited by feeding rats an arginine-enriched diet containing 5% L-arginine in addition to the necessary components for rats, including 15% milk casein. The diet significantly reduced both the rate of tumor induction and the number of tumors induced per rat. Histological examination showed that the tumors induced were more benign in rats fed the arginine-enriched diet than in those fed the control diet. A possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of L-agrinine id discussed. PMID- 807325 TI - Induction of the polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes in mouse epidermis and their specificity for tumor promotion. AB - The induction of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase in mouse epidermis by various classes of tumor-promoting and nonpromoting compounds has been studied in order to determine the specificity of this response for tumor promotion. The effect of topical applications of a series of phorbol esters on these enzyme activities correlated well with their promoting abilities. Iodoacetic acid, anthralin, and Tween 60, all promoting compounds, also stimulated both of these enzyme activities after single and multiple applications. The hyperplastic agents acetic acid, cantharidin, and ethyl phenylpropriolate, however, had little effect on ornithine decarboxylase activity but a pronounced effect on epidermal S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity. The specificity of the ornithine decarboxylase response for tumor promotion was suggested by the results of the above experiments as well as the stimulatory effect of a completely carcinogenic dose of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene; a lower initiating dose had no effect. In addition, epidermal tumors produced by a two-stage procedure showed consistently high levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity but variable levels of S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 807326 TI - Inhibition of the acute toxicity and adrenocorticolytic effect of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene by isopropylvaleramide and allylisopropylacetamide in the rat. AB - Isopropylvaleramide (IVA) and allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) inhibit hemorrhagic adrenocortical necrosis and mortality caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Unlike their effect on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, the anti-DMBA action of these compounds does not depend on the presence of the reactive allyl group in the molecule. Similarly, related barbiturates, regardless of whether they contain, like AIA, an allyl group and consequently destroy cytochrome P-450 (secobarbital and aprobarbital) or have, like IVA, saturated side chains and therefore do not effect the microsomal hemoprotein (pentobarbital and phenobarbital), proved ineffective in preventing both adrenal damage and death caused by DMBA. Hence, the protective action of IVA and AIA cannot be attributed to the destruction of the microsomal enzyme system responsible for the activation of DMBA. The toxicity of another carcinogen, dimethylnitrosamine, which also requires metabolic activation by microsomal enzymes, is not influenced by either IVA or AIA. IVA, which counteracts the adrenocorticolytic action of DMBA when given prior to, simultaneously with, or even after this carcinogen, has no discernible effect on hydrocarbon metabolism in vivo or in vitro. IVA is one of the most powerful inhibitors of the acute toxicity of DMBA. It has the simplest aliphatic structure and the smallest molecule among protectors of the adrenals against hydrocarbon-induced damage; its mechanism of action awaits further elucidation. PMID- 807329 TI - Ultrastructure of pea aphid mycetocytes: evidence for symbiote secretion. AB - A detailed investigation into the ultrastructure of the pea aphid mycetocytes and their contained symbiotes and organelles was carried out with the transmission electron microscope. The most striking observation was the presence of small vesicles in the space between the primary symbiote cell wall and membrane envelope (outer membrane space). The vesicles appear to form by a budding process at the outer cell wall layer. Subsequently, the vesicles, we suggest, may move out into the mycetocyte cytoplasm via a similar budding of the membrane envelope; The Golgi apparatus was found to be an important structural component of the primary mycetocyte; it is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the latter, in turn, appears to be closely connected to the primary symbiote membrane envelope. This may be of functional significance. A number of other organelles not previously described in mycetocytes were found, including transparent vacuoles, granular bodies, multi-vesicular bodies and microfilaments. The chemical composition of the various vesicles and organelles is unknown at present. PMID- 807327 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and pinealocytes. AB - The pinealocytes of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals have been compared with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contacting neurons. We found that the intraventricular dendrite terminal of the latter resembles the pinealocytic inner segment and that the atypical cilium (9x2+0 tubules) of the CSF contacting neurons is analogous with the outer segment of the pinealocytes, even though the outer segment bears photoreceptor lamellae in lower vertebrates. Regular, but small-sized photoreceptor outer segments were also found on pinealocytes of the chicken. In mammals, too, primitive outer segments are present in the form of 9x2 to cilia similar to those of CSF contacting dendritic terminals. In the Golgi areas of the perikarya of both cell types there are granulated vesicles which may contain transmitter substances and/or neurohormones. The synaptic junctions of the pinealocytes differ from those in the CSF contacting neurons. Many synapses occur on the latter, but they appear only rarely on pinealocytes. The axons of the CSF contacting neurons form synaptic connections with other cells, or terminate as neurohormonal synaptic hemidesmosomes on the basal lamina of the brain surface. The pinealocyte axons give rise to terminals containing synaptic ribbons. Such ribbons do not occur in CSF contacting neurons. In Lacertilians, we found pinealocytic terminals without ribbons on dendrite-like profiles. On the basis of the ultrastructural comparisons, we consider the CSF contacting neurons and pinealocytes to be very similar, but not to represent precisely the same cell type. PMID- 807328 TI - Uteroglobin and other proteins in rabbit blastocyst fluid after development in vivo and in vitro. AB - Rabbit embryos were grown in vitro from the 2- and 4-celled stage to expanded blastocysts. Proteins from the blastocysts were analyzed for specific uterine proteins as well as for bovine serum albumin (BSA), a constituent of the medium. Immunological methods revealed the presence of rabbit albumin and larger amounts of BSA. Uteroglobin, the prevailing protein fraction present in blastocyst fluid of embryos that developed in vivo was not detected in blastocysts in vitro. Prealbumin and beta-glycoprotein were also absent. From the data presented, it appears that the blastocyst does not have the capacity to synthesize detectable concentrations of uterglobin and/or other specific uterine proteins. PMID- 807330 TI - Structure of the toad epidermis during the moulting cycle. II. Electron microscopic observations on Bufo bufo (L.). AB - Changes in the ultrastructure of the toad epidermis during the moulting cycle are described on the basis of 17 skin preparations fixed in consecutive phases of the cycle. Our previous light microscopical findings that morphological changes are mainly restricted to a short period prior to and after shedding are confirmed. Differentiation of zonulae occludentes in the new replacement layer after shedding is described and discussed in relation to the changes in ion permeability after the moult. Changes in appearance and distribution of filaments and of two different types of granules during the moulting cycle are described and discussed in relation to current views on amphibian keratinization; it is concluded that the initial phase of keratinization in the toad is very rapid and with a high degree of synchrony, whereas the laying-down of interfibrillar, central dense matrix in the new stratum corneum takes up to 24 hours and is less synchronous. The separation of the old stratum corneum from the replacement layer is gradual; it may be accomplished by rupture of "pillars" bearing the desmosomal complexes between stratum corneum and the replacement layer, or by breaking within the desmosomes themselves. Observed changes in granular content of the replacement layer are considered of no importance for this process, since the time sequence of discharge into the subcorneal space is not correlated with the initiation of separation. Other possible mechanisms of separation are discussed. PMID- 807331 TI - The ultrastructural morphology of the squirrel monkey area postrema. AB - Examination of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) area postrema (AP) revealed this circumventricular organ to be primarily composed of two types of glial cells and a single type of neuronal element. No pattern of neuronal arrangement could be discerned, however, this cell type was frequently observed in close relation to the perivascular spaces. The neuronal elements, although slightly larger than the glial cells, were characteristically less electron dense. The neurons routinely displayed an infolded nuclear membrane, a single nucleolus and the normal complement of subcellular organelles. Synaptic terminals were numerous, and both axo-somatic and axo-dendritic varieties were observed with the latter being more numerous. Both clear-cored and dense-cored vesicles could be observed in the same ending. Unmyelinated neuronal processes were the predominant type within the interior of the AP, although myelinated processes were also regularly present. Non-neuronal elements with the AP resembled CNS astrocytes and were as numerous as the neuronal elements. This cell type appeared to envelope completely the vasculature and separated the parenchyma from the perivascular spaces. The ventricular surface of the AP was covered by modified ependyma which lacked kinocilia but frequently demonstrated microvillar projections. Opposed ependymal cell membranes showed interdigitations, and zonula adherens-type cell junctions connected the ependymal cells near the ventricular lumen. Two types of bulbous projections were observed in the ventricular lumen close to the ependymal surface. The most characteristic feature of the AP, however, was its vascularity. Perivascular spaces surrounding fenestrated capillaries contained fibroblasts and collagen. The vascular endothelium routinely demonstrated pinocytotic activity, and the basal lamina was prominent. PMID- 807333 TI - hnRNA size and processing as related to different DNA content in two dipterans: Drosophila and Aedes. AB - The size of hnRNA transcripts and the fraction of hnRNA that is converted to mRNA in cell lines of Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes albopictus are compared. Both insects belong to the order Diptera, but Aedes has a 5-6 fold larger genome than does Drosophila. The Aedes line produces significantly (2-2.5 fold) larger hnRNA than does the Drosophila line, even though the two cell lines grow under similar conditions and produce mRNA of the same size and sequence complexity. These data suggest that within a given taxonomic order, the size of hnRNA increases with increasing genome size. The fraction of hnRNA converted to mRNA [cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA] has been measured for the two cell types by comparing initial rates of labeling of hnRNA with initial rates of appearance of labeled mRNA in the cytoplasm. While 20of the Drosophila hnRNA is converted to mRNA, only 3.3% of the Aedes hn %RNA is converted to mrRNA. The poly(A) content of the hnRNA from the two species is also different; Drosophila hnRNA has approximately three times as much poly(A) as does Aedes hnRNA. The data show-at least for these two species that the average amount of hnRNA transcribed relative to the amount of mRNA formed increases as genome size increases. The data are consistent with the interpretation that more DNA is transcribed into hnRNA in Aedes, the organism with the larger genome, than in Drosophila. PMID- 807335 TI - [Circadian rhythms op ventilatory mechanical factors in healthy children]. AB - Circadian rhythms in lung resistance (R1) and dynamic compliance (C1dyn) of 7 healthy children (6 to 10 years) were validated (p less than .05) and then quantified (cosinor method); subjects' synchronization: light on at 0700; light off at 2100. Measurements were performed at fixed per hours (0730, 1130, 1630 and 2230) before and after the inhalation of a beta sympathomimetic bronchodilatator: minus 2mg orciprenaline. The measurements carried out after orciprenaline inhalation show a flattening of the curves, both circadian rhythms in R1 and C1 dyn are not detected (p greater than .05). PMID- 807334 TI - Synthesis of erythrocyte-specific proteins in cultured friend leukemia cells. AB - We have studied synthesis of specific proteins in two permanent lines of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia cells (Friend line 745 and Ostertag line FSD-1, both derived from DBA/2 mice). By 96 hr following treatment with 1-2% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), up to 25% of the protein being synthesized by both these cultures is hemoglobin. At that time, hemoglobin constitutes up to 10% of the cellular soluble protein. Both lines synthesize heme and globin coordinately, and alpha and beta globin chains in a nearly balanced 1:1 ratio. However, the ratio of betaMajor:betaMinor chains synthesized by these induced Friend leukemia (FL) cells is approximately 9 in the FSD-1 line and 1.3 in the Friend Clone 745 line, whereas it is 4 in normal adult DBA/2 mouse erythrocytes. Evidence for the latter conclusion was obtained by electrophoresis of FL hemoglobins on cellulose acetate membranes, and also by chromatographic separation of alpha, betaMajor, and betaMinor globins on carboxymethylcellulose in 8 M urea at 20 degrees C. Carbonic anhydrase activity per mg protein is 3 times higher in induced than in control cultures. 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is not found in induced FL cells. Induced and control FL cells agglutinate strongly and equally with Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin. The developmental process in these cultured leukemia cells appears to be an aberrant erythropoiesis. PMID- 807332 TI - Innervation of the male genital tract and kidney in the amphibia, Xenopus laevis Daudin, Rana temporaria L., and Bufo bufo L. AB - The innervation of the male genital tract and kidney in three anuran species was studied by the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp for the demonstration of monoamines whose identity was secured by thin-layer chromatography, and by electron microscopy including administration of 5- or 6- hydroxydopamine (5- and 6-ODHA). The genital tract comprises testis, intra- and extratesticular and intrarenal seminal efferent ducts, Bidder's canal, renal dorsal transverse ducts, and ureter. In addition--depending on the species studied--renal corpuscles and the various portions of uriniferous tubules may be involved in sperm transport. 1. Adrenaline is the main transmitter in nerves supplying the male genital tract and kidney. Only in Xenopus is it possible to demonstrate the presence of noradrenaline, which was confirmed in the chromatographic analysis. No obvious changes are observed with regard to the distribution, amount, and fluorescence intensity of adrenergic fibers and their susceptibility towards 5- and 6-OHDA when comparing animals killed in late autumn and winter, or in late spring, respectively. Non-adrenergic nerve fibers have not been observed. 2. The adrenergic innervation in the testis is only scarce and confined to blood vessels. Neuro-endocrine contacts on Leydig cells are not established. The gonadal ducts and the specific (i.e. non-vascular) are intratesticular smooth muscle cells in Xenopus are not innervated. 3. Apart from the uriniferous tubules (see below), only the ureter receives an adrenergic innervation which, however, is scarce even around the time of spermiation. Bundles of non-terminal and terminal axons are seen running contiguous to the superficial bundles of smooth muscle or smooth muscle-like cells. Neuromuscular relationships comprise synapses at distances of 2000-5--- A, but no close contacts. In the seminal vesicle of Rana the same mode of apposition of adrenergic terminals to muscle cells is observed. In addition, a direct innervation of the epithelium is seen in a few instances. 4. In the kidney the renal arteries, afferent arterioles, and the main branches of the kidney the renal arteries, afferent arterioles, and the main branches of the portal veins are supplied by a dense plexus of adrenergic nerves. Small groups of intensely fluorescent cells are found in the walls of the renal portal veins and veins proper. The density of the arteriolar plexus is more pronounced in Rana and Bufo than in Xenopus. In Rana and Bufo the arteriolar innervation comprises terminals at "ordinary" smooth musculature with membrane-to-membrane appositions, as well as contacts at a distance of 800 to 4000 A on juxtaglomerular epitheloid cells... PMID- 807336 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in normal AG Wistar rats, "nude" mutants, and furred hybrids]. AB - Whereas in three-months old rats the blood glucose level appears normal in all three groups of animals, glucose tolerance tests show a great impairment in hybrids as compared to normal and "Atrichis" rats. Such an impairment is seen in prediabetes. Furthermore, in eight-month old rats, blood glucose and lipids are increased in hybrids but are normal in "Atrichis" and normal rats. PMID- 807337 TI - [Buccal parts and endocrine reactions in Periplaneta americana L]. AB - A gonadotropic inhibition is observed by means of oothecal production in Periplaneta americana after unilateral amputation of the mandible, the maxillary palp and the labial palp, in females reared with males at emergence. It is apparent that the sense organs of the mouthparts are involved in neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms. In males, histological changes take place in the corpora allata. The findings support the implicit assumption that the secretory activities of the corpora allata are controlled by nervous impulses coming from the mouthparts, along neuroendocrine pathways. PMID- 807338 TI - [The hormonal control of egg laying in Calotermes flavicollis Fabr]. AB - The egg production is controlled by the corpora allata in Calotermes flavicollis Fabe. Grafts of the latter into young queens result in an increase of egg laying PMID- 807339 TI - [The effect of cations on the contraction of myofibrils in the striated muscles of crabs]. AB - Myofilaments have been prepared from crab legs according to a technique derived from that of F.J. Julian (1971). Tension variations have been recorded while the isolated fiber was submitted to the action of different saline solutions. As expected, it could be confirmed that the tension mainly depends on the content in Ca++ and Mg++ ions and in ATP. Our results have also shown that monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) when added separately, produce an important tension increase wheras their simultaneous addition or withdrawal modifies the tension only slightly. PMID- 807340 TI - [The effect of progesterone on the length of the estrous cycle in rats]. PMID- 807341 TI - [The prothoracic gland of Acheta domestica L. during the penultimate larval instar]. PMID- 807342 TI - [Localization and identification of the LH-RF center in the brain of the toad, Bufo vulgaris Laur]. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence procedure with an anti-synthetic LHRF serum, pericarya of neurons producing LHRF or an LHRF-like substance were revealed in hypophysectomized Bufo vulgaris. They are localized principally in the forebrain near the posterior end of the first and second ventricles. The fluorescent axons coming from these pericarya are visible on their pathway to a region near tha pars tuberalis and to the median eminence. PMID- 807343 TI - [The uptake of thymidine and its incorporation into DNA in the early phases of anterior regeneration in the annelid, Owenia fusiformis]. PMID- 807344 TI - [The development of the mesonephros and the adrenals after total or partial excision of the endoblast in anuran amphibians]. PMID- 807346 TI - [Tetracycline resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is plasmid-linked]. AB - A strain of Haemophilus influenzae resistant to tetracycline (MIC 16-32 mug/ml) was "cured" of tetracycline resistance by ethidium bromide. DNA centrifugation in cesium chloride + ethidium bromide density gradients showed the existence of a band of non-chromosomal DNA molecules in the original resistant strain. This band was not found in lysates of a strain "cured" of tetracycline resistance by ethidium bromide. These facts support the hypothesis that in this strain of Haemohpilus influenzae, tetracycline resistance is plasmid mediated. PMID- 807345 TI - [The effect of prostaglandins E1 and A2 on the proliferation and phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture]. AB - The action of prostaglandins E1 and A2 was studied on the proliferation and the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. The proliferation was not stimulated by prostaglandins E1 and A2, but the phagocytosis was increased by prostaglandin A2 and decreased by prostaglandin E1. These actions could be correlated with the regulatory role of prostaglandins. PMID- 807347 TI - [Major deficiency in serum lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 isoenzymes: a possible pathogenesis for angina pectoris with normal coronarography]. AB - Sometimes angina pectoris with normal coronarography can be explained by several enzymatic disturbances. These are as follow: -- a marked decrease of serum lactate-deshydrogenase 1 and 2 isoenzymes, -- the absence of myocardial lactate deshydrogenase isoenzymes, --the decreased affinity for substrate lactate of residual lactate-deshydrogenase in serum, -- the increased production of 2,3 diphosphoglycreate. PMID- 807348 TI - [Functional study of metal and radiation in the mechanism of toxic action of plutonium injected in its elemental form]. AB - A ponderal variations study of rats contaminated either with the same metal mass of two isotopes 238Pu and 239Pu or with an equal activity level entitles us to conclude that plutonium toxicity for below 50 muCi/kg levels arises from particles alpha. For higher levels, about 120 muCi/kg, the quantity effect of metal has an influence on localisation and repartition of toxicity. Beneficial effect of oxygenotherapy for 120 muCi/kg appears only after a delay of several days, the time required for toxic manifestation, confirming in acute intoxication, the function of ionising radiation emitted by the metal. PMID- 807349 TI - [Comparison of the effects of ecdysone and ecdysterone on moulting in the insect Rhodnius prolixus (Stal) (Hemiptera Ruduviidae)]. AB - The allatectomy in the 4th instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus stops moulting in 93 per cent of the cases. A different type of moulting results in these larvae after the injection of ecdysone or ecdysterone. The ecdysterone induced a rapid apolysis with a new adultoid cuticle tending towards larval but with the ecdysone, apolysis occurred at normal times and the cuticle secreted was strongly adultoid. PMID- 807350 TI - [The sex-trapping of Sterrha biselata (Hufn.) (Lepidoptera Geometridae, Sterrhinae) by acetoxy-1 dodecadiens-7 E, 9Z, the sex pheromone of Lobesia botrana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae, Olethreutinae)]. AB - 7E, 9Z dodecadienyl acetate, a sex-heromone for Lobesia botrana, is selectively attractive, in vineyards, for males of this species. By testing this compound in woods and orchards, we have found that it was also selectively attractive for males of a geometrid moth; Sterrha biselata. This is one of the first examples where a definite chemical substance is active for a geometrid species. PMID- 807351 TI - [Plasma testosterone and LH levels in the male lamb from birth to puberty]. AB - In peripheral plasma of male lambs testosterone increase was linear from birth to 100 days; after it reached a plateau without clear relationships with puberty. Plasma LH pattern was also linear during the first 70 days. During this period testosterone and LH were significantly correlated (r equals 0,85). PMID- 807352 TI - [The binding of estradiol to human polynuclear eosinophilic leukocytes]. AB - High affinity estradiol binding is found in the fraction of human eosinophil rich, polynuclear leukocytes sedimenting between 800 times 10 g times mn and 24,000 times 20 g times mn. The apparent dissociation constant at equilibrium is approximately 0.6 nM, and the total number of binding sites per blood eosinophil leukocyte is 7,400 sites per cell. Hydrogen peroxyde (1 muM) enhances estradiol binding, a finding similar to that previously observed autoradiographically for the binding of estradiol to the eosinophils of rat uterus. PMID- 807353 TI - [Delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the human full term placenta after culture: the effect of chorionic gonatropin]. AB - The study made by histochemistry shows that the delta5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta5-3 beta-HSDH) activity which is positive in the fresh placental tissue disappears after 24 h of culture but is maintained much longer if culture medium is supplemented with human chorionic gonadotropin (15 UI of HCG). The biochemical study confirms the delta5-3 beta-HSDH activity decrease during the first 24 h of culture. The enzymatic activity is restored during the following six days and this phenomenon is stimulated by the addition of HCG in the culture medium. PMID- 807354 TI - [A dynamic study of myocardial perfusion using radioisotope analysis of coronary blood flow during auricular stimulation]. AB - Reproductibility of the radiocardiographic method using 42 Potassium has been verified. Coronary blood flow has so been measured in 50 control subjects and coronary heart disease patients, at steady state and during auricular pacing at 150 beats per minute. In control subjects group, under auricular packing coronary blood flow increases by a mean value of 15%; on the other hand it decreases by a mean value of 32% in coronary heart disease patients bearing obvious coronarography lesions. The cardiac output coronary fraction increases by a mean value of 27% in the control subjects group; it remains unchanged in coronary heart disease patients. On the contrary this coronary fraction increases in a significant way after functional aortocoronary bypass. PMID- 807355 TI - [The effect of gentamicin on the energy metabolism of rat liver and kidney mitochondria]. PMID- 807356 TI - [Bacteriostatic and bacteriacidal activity of hydroxy-9 ellipticine in vitro]. AB - 9-Hydroxy-ellipticine shows a clear effect against bacterial development. This effect depends essentially upon the bacterial species. Two groups can be differentiated: Group I with resisting species composed by negative Gram Bacilli (Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas); Group II with sensitive species formed by Coccus, positive Gram Bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Anaerobes. PMID- 807357 TI - [The discovery, in Drosophila, of viruses belonging to three new groups]. AB - Viruses belonging to three new groups have been discovered by the technique used to detect the Picornaviruses. Virus F was found in two French laboratory stocks of D. melanogaster. Virus G and virus RS came from wild flies: a sample of D. melanogaster from Guiana (virus G) and a mixture of different Drosophila species from Singapore (virus G and virus RS). PMID- 807358 TI - [Evidence for surface antigens on Hodgkin's disease cells]. AB - Absorbed serum of a rabbit immunized with a suspension of cells of Hodgkins origin, allowed us to demonstrate a surface antigen on cells of Hodgkin origin. Where this antigen is situated in relation to those already described, notably in respect to the possible carcinoembryonic character, has yet to be determined. PMID- 807359 TI - [The effect of gentamicin on rat kidney lysosomes]. AB - The in vitro action of gentamicin on kidney lysosomes gives rise to an increase in free acid phosphatase activity compared with total activity which points to a modification in the lysosomal membrane. These effects are more marked in pregnant rats, probably due to progesterone, but reduced in vitro by chloroquine. PMID- 807360 TI - [Circadian rhythms in the urinary excretion of salicylate (chronopharmacokinetics) in healthy adults]. AB - Six healthy adults volunteered to ingest a 1 g solution/24 h of sodium salicylate in a study consisting of 4 standardized tests. The difference between tests was the timing of drug absorption: 07(00), 11(00), 19(00) and 23(00) respectively. The 4 separate tests were performed at least 1 week apart. Subjects; synchronization : diurnal routine activity with light-on at 07(00) and light-off at 23(00) Urine was collected at four-hour intervals, for 48 hours following drug ingestion. By the mean cosinor summary of least squares fits of a 24-hour cosine curve, or by other testing, a within-day difference is established for several chronopharmacokinetic parameters characterizing urinary salicylate excretion. By criteria including the height of the peak excretion, the span necessary to reach the peak, etc., it is shown that, as compared to drug administration at other times, salicylate is excreted faster into the urine, reaches higher values sooner and falls off faster when the drug is ingested between 19(00) and 23(00). PMID- 807361 TI - [The binding of iron to normal human erythrocyte membranes and its intracellular penetration as a function of different glucides]. AB - In vivo intestinal absorption of iron in rat is greatly enhanced by Lactose and D Xylose. Both sugars are also able to increase the amount of iron bound to the red cell membrane in the animal. Similar effects have been noted when using human normal red cells. Lactose of D-Xylose are able to convert into an active transport curve the linear diffusion curve which is noted when iron is used without any ligand. It is possible to quantify the effect of both sugars on the flux of iron towards the red cell membrane. PMID- 807362 TI - [Effect of osmotic stress on the surface potential of the extremities of a triton, Pleurodeles waltlii Michah]. AB - Surface potentials of Pleurodeles limb have been studied under the action of NaCl solution made hyperosmotic with various chemicals (choline, propionate, sucrose, urea). These potentials were suppressed or lowered to a variable extent according to the solution used. The interpretation of the mechanism of action of these chemicals has led us to propose an hypothesis on the origin of the electrical potentials of the epidermis. PMID- 807363 TI - [The hemolymphatic transport of molting hormone during the development of Locusta migratoria L]. AB - Shortly after injection of radio-labelled ecdysone into fifth instar larvae of Locusta migratoria, 20-hydroxy-ecdysone (ecdysterone) is the main hormone found in the blood. Some 10% of the circulating hormone are bound to hemolymph macromolecules. The ratio of bound to free hormone is stage-dependent; it decreases considerably after previous injections of non-labelled ecdysone, but increases in insects in which ecdysone biosynthesis has been blocked by extirpation of the prothoracic glands or selective X-ray treatment of the hemocytopoietic tissue. PMID- 807364 TI - [Sensitivity of isolated rabbit articular chrondrocytes to the somatomedin activity of human serum]. AB - Rabbit articular chondrocytes, isolated and incubated in vitro, incorporate tritium-labelled thymidine. Thymidine incorporation is stimulated by normal human serum, this effect being related to serum concentration and increased by addition of poly-DL-ornithine. The stimulatory effect of the serum from hypopituitary dwarfs is low and is not increased by poly-DL-ornithine. PMID- 807365 TI - [Ultrastructural observations on rat adipose cells, first totally depleted of accumulated lipids, then restored with them de nouo]. PMID- 807366 TI - [Discharge frequency of tendon organs evoked by the contraction of motor units in the cat]. AB - Isolated contraction of several motor units can excite a single tendon organ. Although the rate of receptor discharge may be different for each motor unit, it is not related to the tension. During repetitive stimulation of a motor unit at increasing frequency the receptor discharge reaches a maximum at rates below fusion frequency for that motor unit. PMID- 807367 TI - [Development of slow wave sleep after lesion of the anterior Raphe nuclei of the newborn rat]. AB - Sub-total lesions of the Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis and Centralis Superior have been performed on 4 to 10 day-old puppy rats. The sleep cycles of these animals, studied up to one month of age, were modified neither quantitatively nor qualitatively by the lesions. Slow sleep with cortical synchronisation was normally present at 21 days of age. It is concluded that the sleep of such animals might be under the control of another system than the serotoninergic Raphe nuclei. PMID- 807368 TI - [The hydration of acetylcholine and its conformation in solution]. AB - Quantum-mechanical computations performed by the ab initio self-consistent field molecular orbital method have been used for the determination of the principal hydration sites of acetylcholine in its gauche et trans conformations. The hydration destabilizes the gauche form with respect to the trans one by about 2 kcal/mole. Taking into account, however, that the gauche form is 3 kcal/mole intrinsically more stable, this form still remains the most stable one of acetylcholine in solution. PMID- 807369 TI - [The effect of scorpion venom (Androctonus australis) on a frog neuromuscular preparation]. AB - We have shown that d-tubocurarine inhibits the effects of scorpion venom in striated muscles of the frog; we concluded that this venom acts mainly by releasing acetylcholine from the nerve terminal. Furthermore, scorpion venom is able to displace intracellular calcium. PMID- 807370 TI - [BCG potentiates the immunodepression induced by cyclophosphamide]. AB - Compared to the effect of CPM alone, the survival of allogeneic C3H skin grafts on Fl (DBA/2 X C57Bl/6) recipients is considerably enhanced when the recipient is given BCG (1 mg/mouse) 14 days before the graft and CPM (80 or 134 mg/kg) one day after the graft. While other mechanisms cannot be entirely excluded, it is possible that BCG stimulates the lymphocytes to enter the cell cycle, which makes them more sensitive to CPM, a cycle-dependent agent. PMID- 807371 TI - [Three neurotoxins of Naja melanoleuca venom]. AB - A serological study of three fractions extracted from Naja melanoleuca venom has demonstrated that one of these fractions belongs to the serological group I according to the classification we have established. It is a curary-like "short" toxin (61 amino-acid residues, 8 half cystine). The second and the third fractions belong to the serological group III, i.e., to the group of "long curary like toxins" (71 amino-acids residues, 10 half cystines). PMID- 807372 TI - [Morphogenic discontinuities in epidermal cell populations of arthropods, Rhodnius prolixus Stal, Periplaneta americana L, studied by scanning electron microscope]. AB - Several populations of arthropodian epidermal cells show modifications of polar and structural pattern features. Modifications may be gradual or the opposite, localised in distant or adjacent regions. Morphogenetical discontinuities are defined where adjacent regions present a modification pattern without intermediate types. PMID- 807373 TI - [Morphological and topographical study of the Bohm sensors of lepidoptera using scanning electron microscopy: an attempt to interpret their mode of function]. AB - The Bohm bristles of Lepidoptera occur in precise areas of the scape and pedicel of the antenna. Their aspect and localisation are the same in all species. Whatever their other possible functions may be, it seems that they can be considered as mecano-receptors capable of permitting and maintaining control of the insect's locomotion in flight. PMID- 807374 TI - [The phaosomes of the Bellonci organ and their origin in two atyidae (Crustacea, Decapoda)]. AB - In sensory cells of the organ of Bellonci, phaosomes originatefrom cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum which become flattened and parallel to each other. They are compared to phaosomes of photoreceptor cells in Copepoda and to myeloid bodies of interstitial cells of epiphysis and of retinal pigment epithelium of different vertebrates. PMID- 807375 TI - [The effect of certain periodic characteristics of the ecosystem on the digestive use of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: pieridae) pupae by a parasitoid (Pimpla instigator F: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae]. AB - The lengthening of photophase when it becomes synchrnous with thermophase, increases the quantitative use of Pieris brassicae by Pimpla instigator (increase of Q.A. and C.U.)P. instigator not only seems to adapt itself to diapausing hosts but also to a long photophase (corresponding to the thermophase)i.e., to all the characteristics of the system in which it is living. PMID- 807376 TI - [The metabolism of fluorogenic monoamines during the differentiation of embryonic pancreatic endocrine cells of birds]. AB - The FIF technique applied to embryonic pancreas of the chick shows that the islte cells of the splenic lobe are able to take up L-DOPA and to synthesize high amounts of catecholamines from the 4th day of incubation. In the ventral pancreatic lobes fluorescent cells are not detectable before day 12. Later on, islet cells of the whole organ spontaneously accumulate fluorogenic amines and L DOPA injection greatly increases the intensity of the fluorescence. It appears that in endocrine pancreas, as in various other polypeptide hormone producing cells, an aminoacid decarboxylase activity is detectable early in the differentiating process and precedes the amine storage. The possible role of fluorogenic monoamines in functional differentiation is discussed. PMID- 807377 TI - [An adrogen is not responsible for the regression of Mullerian ducts in male chick embryos]. PMID- 807379 TI - Intracistronic recombination at the level of a dwafism gene in the hermaphroditic nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 807378 TI - [Identification of acetate as the precursor of the acetyl moity of acetylcholine in neuromuscular junctions of the rat]. PMID- 807380 TI - [Trehalose, the principle disaccharide of wine]. AB - By gas chromatography of trimethylsilylated derivatives of sugars, trehalose has been shown to be the main disaccharide in wines; its amount can reach 600 mg/l. Other disaccharides identified (sucrose, isomaltose, lactose and turanose) are present in small amounts, seldom above 50 mg/l, sometimes below 5 mg/l. Traces of melibiose and gentiobiose are possible. Conditions of trehalose formation by yeast during fermentation are described. Also technological applications of these results are discussed. PMID- 807381 TI - [Stimulation of the defenses of trypanosomic mice by a combination of magnetic field and electromagnetic wave radiation]. AB - The remarkable efficiency of the physical treatment using such an association enables the mice to handle an infection otherwise lethal in a few days. The recovery is due to a very strong stimulation of defense system of the host-animal particularly those related to the immune responses. This effect can be obtained in spite of the depression of the immunological defenses prior to the infection. The control of the infection by the mice is not due to direct action of the radiation on trypanosomes. PMID- 807382 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of the migration of adenovirus 5 in HeLa cell cytoplasm during the penetration phase]. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique in presence of anti-adenovirus-5 antibody, fluorescent spots were observed two hours after adsorption at 4 degrees C onto HeLa cells on the surface of the cells. The spots subsequently became intracytoplasmic and persisted about 7 to 8 h. Intense fluorescence was further observed in the whole cytoplasm and in the nucleus 12 h following the injection. PMID- 807383 TI - [Ultrastructural development of the corpora allata during the last larval stage of Choleva angustata Fab. (Coleoptera Catopidae of the subfamily Catopinae)]. AB - The ultrastructure of the corpora allata of the last larvar instar of Choleva angustata Fab. was studied. In normal development a complex pattern of changes in the ultrastructure of the corpora allata occurs in relation to the larval age in the active and inactive stages. Towards the end of the active stage, a drastic change occurs, involving an increase in number and volume of vacuoles which fill up the cells. During the fasting stage (in the nymphal clay case) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum disappears while the rough endoplasmic reticulum forms long and sinuous cisternae. Towards the end of the instar, numerous vacuoles appear. PMID- 807385 TI - [Supernumerary chromosomes and the inclination toward the solitary phenotype of the migratory cricket Locusta migratoria mogratorioides R and F. Pigment changes under the effect of carbon dioxide]. PMID- 807384 TI - [Synchronization of electromyographic and cinematographic recordings. Applications to vertebrate biomechanics]. AB - Synchronizing each frame of the cinema of a moving animal with the corresponding EMG of some muscles permits a precise interpretation of the variations of the electric potentials in that muscle with each phase of the movement. e.g. in the rabbit, three bundles of the masseter muscle function independently during the mastication; in the pigeon, electric potentials appear in both ilio-tibialis and biceps femoris muscles some frames before the actual raising of the leg, when the animal on its perch becomes out of balance. PMID- 807386 TI - [Vitellogenic protein in a male environment in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera): attempts to obtain experimentally a normal vitellus]. AB - An ovary, implanted in a male silkworm of the same age shows an abnormal vitellus, deprived of the principal vitello-protein. The amino-acid retention due to the removal of sericiglands does not lead to a normal vitellogenesis. On the contrary, the injection of an eggs extract allows the formation of eggs with a normal vitellus. Without this process, in male hemolymph, the vitello-protein did not reach the threshold necessary to be absorbed by the ovary. PMID- 807387 TI - [The effect of an injection of synthetic juvenile hormone on Locusta migratoria L]. AB - Hyalophora cecropia synthetic juvenile hormone (Demoute and al., 1973) is injected at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mug in 10 mul of pure peanut oil in fourth stadium of Locusta migratoria migratorioides. This synthetic juvenile hormone shows high chromatotropic, gonadotropic, and juvenilizing actions which are very similar to those of one pair of corpora allata of the species. PMID- 807388 TI - [Biological cycles in the egg-layering by aquatic cave-dwelling crustacea]. AB - In the populations of aquatic troglobitic Crustacea, breeding females are found all year round, with an annual peak. Data about their biological cycle suggest four phases of reproduction per year. Synchronisation of egg-laying (for the fraction of females actually reproducing) seems to happen for several species of Crustacea both in nature and at the laboratory. The onset of reproduction is sharpest either late winter or mid-spring, and its amplitude decreases along the annual cycle. The existence of a seasonal trigger is probable. PMID- 807389 TI - [Regulation of lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K12]. AB - In Escherichia coli K 12, addition of lysine to the growth medium does not lead to a repression of the synthesis of the lysyl-tRNA synthetase. On the contrary, by use of a strain bradytrophic for one of the lysine biosynthetic enzymes, a shift from a medium containing lysine to minimal medium leads to an increase in the specific activity for this enzyme. This increase is discrete (1.5 fold) but reproducible. Thus it may be assumed that lysyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the lysine regulon. PMID- 807391 TI - [Isolation, composition, and physicochemical properties of 9 peptides released by the action of cyanogen bromide on human serotransferrin]. AB - Cyanogen bromide-cleaved human serotransferrin (STF) is separated by gel filtration with "Sephadex G 75" into 4 fractions (CN-A to CN-D) which are subfractionated by combining "DEAE-Sephadex" chromatography, gel filtration and paper electrophoresis. 9 peptides are obtained: from fraction CN-A, 2 glycopeptides (CN-5 and CN-6); from fraction CN-C, a single cystine-free peptide (CN-7); from fraction CN-D, 2 small peptides (CN-8 and CN-9). These results are in good agreement with the presence of 8 methionine residues in STF. Molecular weights, amino-acid and carbohydrate compositions of the 9 peptides are determined as well as their N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids. The largest fragment, glycopeptide CN-1 is derived from the C-terminal part of STF and peptide CN-6 from the N-terminal part. These results are the first step towards a complete amino-acid sequence determination of human serotransferrin. PMID- 807390 TI - [Biosynthetis in vitro of estrogens by an adrenal cortex tumor]. AB - A polysecretory cortico-adrenal tumor from a 46 year old woman was incubated in presence of tritiated pregnenolone and progesterone. Nine estrogens were isolated and identified by radio-gas-chromatography. This outstanding synthesis ability was in line with the high rates of urinary estrogens found in this patient. PMID- 807392 TI - [A naturally occurring thermophilic strain of tobacco mosaic virus, isolated in Madagascar]. AB - A strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus was isolated from Tomato leaves grown in Madagascar, in the region of Tananarive. Its optimal temperature for multiplication is between 30 and 34 degrees C, which makes it thermophilic compared to the common strain. This strain, however, does not appear to be identical to the thermoresistant TC strain. PMID- 807393 TI - [The effect of the state of development and the weight of the chrysalis of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on the efficiency of energy transfer to Pimpla instigator F. (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)]. AB - Pimpla instigator energetic assimilation efficiency is higher when bred on Pieris brassicae diapausing pupae which are characterized by a lack of organized tissue and a higher glucids/proteins + lipids ratio. The male larvae do not use the heaviest hosts very well (C.U. relatively small) but the female larvae of P. instigator can assimilate more energy than the male. PMID- 807394 TI - [Evolution of phytohemagglutinins from different parts of the seed in pea seedlings]. AB - Two different PHA were detected in every part of massive pea seed: embryo, cotyledons and seed coat. These proteins disappeared from the leaves, stems and roots during early stage of seedling development while they lasted longer in the cotyledons. On the other hand two PHA do not disappear at the same rate which could be related to a differential susceptibility toward activity of proteolytic enzymes during germination and seedling development. PMID- 807396 TI - [Study of the oocyst of the coccidia Eimeria nieschulzi by freeze-fracturing]. AB - Ultrastructure of Eimeria nieschulzi unsporulated oocyst is revealed by freeze etching. The two layers of the oocyst wall are observed; they are separated from the multilayered cytoplasmic pellicule by an intraoocystic fluid. Nuclear envelope with pores, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrias surrounded by amylopectin granules are easy to identify. This technique makes possible the study of sporulation in Eimeria, which cannot be done with the classical Electron Microscope methods. PMID- 807395 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the corpora allata of the last larval instar of Choleva angustata Fab. (Catopidae). The effect of fasting, with or without ecdysterone]. AB - Fasting experiments show striking changes at the ultrastructural level in the corpora allata of the last larval instar of Choleva angustata Fab: increase of the glandular volume and development of the smooth reticulum. These findings suggest that fasting leads to a continuous activity of the corpora allata. PMID- 807397 TI - [Suggestions for a new classification of the acinetes (Ciliophora, Kinetofragmorphora, Suctorida)]. PMID- 807398 TI - [The endocrine pancreas in Varanus niloticus: ultrastructural and cytochemical electron microscopic study and X-ray microdiffraction]. AB - Electron microscopy has confirmed that there are B and A1 insular cells in the Varanidae; nevertheless, the majority of cells are A2. It is the transformation of canalicular and acinar cells that is responsible for insular regeneration. Mixed cell type can be found very frequently. X Ray microdiffraction has shown that the beta granules contain high levels of zinc; similar concentrations are found in peri-insular exocrine cells. Seasonal sexual activity intensifies the process of exo-endocrine cellular transformation and increases both the zinc level in B and pre-B cells and the sulphur level in A2 cells. PMID- 807399 TI - [Vasopressin-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity in the ascending portions of rabbit kidney nephron loops]. AB - The adenylate-cyclase activity contained in the successive segments of the loop of Henle was measured using single tubular pieces isolated by microdissection. Vasopressin (10 (-6) M) had no significant effect on either the pars recta or the thin descending limb; whereas, it stimulated the enzyme contained in the thin ascending limb (8.9 fold as a mean value) and that contained in the medullary portion of the large ascending limb (14.7 fold). PMID- 807400 TI - [The effect of methionine, added to the diet of the gravid hen or injected into the egg, on the embryonic and post-natal development of the chick]. AB - Chicks from hens consuming a methionine deficient diet have a live weight which is significantly reduced from hatching until 8 weeks of age. Normal growth rate was restored either by methionine supplementation of the hens diet or by injection of 0.5 mg of DL or L methionine. Injection of the D isomer alone was inactive. PMID- 807401 TI - [The composition of dietary lipids and the blood coagulation time in the rat]. AB - The study of the coagulation in rats fed with a balanced diet, including 12% of different animal or vegetable fats, during 6 months, shows that the time of coagulation in rats receiving one of the following oils: palm, sunflower, Canbra, is significantly higher than the ones fed with butter. On the other hand, the coagulation time observed in the groups is correlated with the oleic acid level in the corresponding diet. The results obtained here may lead to important practical applications. PMID- 807402 TI - [Local anesthetic effect of several lipid-soluble compounds on the carbamylcholine response of the Electrophorus electroplax and the acetylcholine binding to the cholinergic receptor of Torpedo]. AB - Several lipid soluble compounds: "Triton X-100", "Emulphogene BC-720" and 8-doxyl palmitic acid behave-like local anesthetics on the in vivo response of Electrophorus electroplax to carbamylcholine and on the in vitro binding of 3-H acetylcholine to the membrane-bound cholinergic receptor from Torpedo. PMID- 807403 TI - [An immunonephelometric determination of rabbit haptoglobin]. AB - An immunonephelemetric determination of rabbit haptoglobin was carried out. At first, pure haptoglobin was isolated and then monospecific immunserums were obtained from rats. This method completes the regular determination of haptoglobin in all cases where the peroxydasic activity of the haptoglobin hemoglobin complex is inhibited either by an hemolytic process, as is the case for rabbits, or by some inhibitors of the peroxydasic reaction. PMID- 807404 TI - [Amino acid composition of the surface antigens of virus A/Hong Kong/1/68]. PMID- 807405 TI - [The effect of autologous serum on a possible self-recognition by macrophages]. AB - Phagocytosis of sheep red cells and rat red cells by rat peritoneal macrophages is studied in two different media, foetal calf serum and rat serum: it is found that rat serum significantly decreases the uptake of rat red cells (but not sheep red cells) by rat macrophages. PMID- 807406 TI - [The immunological "host-parasite" relationships in Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera)]. PMID- 807408 TI - [Structural modifications of the esophagus linked to osmoregulation in eels]. AB - In comparison with the fresh-water Eel (Anguilla anguilla L.), the oesophagus of the sea-water Eel displays an almost complete regression of the multilayered epithelium and consequently the disappearance of mucous cells. In contrast, a large development of a columnar epithelium is associated with a tremendous proliferation of the subepithelial vascularization. These modifications enable one to interpret the changes in ionic permeability of the oesophagus during transfer from freshwater to seawater. PMID- 807407 TI - [Sensitivity and resistance of Candida to 5-fluorocytosine. Relationship to the cell wall ultrastructure]. AB - The study of ultrafine sections of the yeasts of Candida show a difference in the cell between sensitive and resistant strains to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). The sensitive strains show a thin border of granular material inside of the clear internal layer which is absent for the majority of resistant strains. After trypsinization, the sensitive strains show a resistance which is reversible and the granular layer disappears. These data permit the conclusion that the middle layer of resistant strains is of protein nature and interferes with the metabolization of 5-FC. PMID- 807409 TI - [Nervous system control of molting in Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricus, 1787) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera)]. AB - Removal of optic lobes does not seem to have an important effect on moulting. On the contrary, the removal of protocerebron and optic lobes from C4 males Spheroms prevents them from beginning a premoult; if the operation is performed during the D0 or D1 stages, the Spheroms advance up to D2 but do not moult. The implantation of protocerebron and of optic lobes into brainless Spheroms remaining in C4 seems to restore premoult only with difficulty. In Sphaeroma serratum, the protocerebron would therefore exert a control upon both the beginning of premoult and the ecdysis. PMID- 807410 TI - [Effect of metabolism on the electrical and mechanical activities of the frog atrium]. AB - Due to glycolysis, anaerobic ATP supports normal electrical activity and allows only a reduced but sustained mechanical activity; however, frog myocardium metabolism is mainly aerobic dependent. Krebs cycle provides ATP for both mechanical and electrical acitivites even when glycolysis is inhibited. The close correlation between amplitude of contraction and metabolic state suggests that ATP is a limiting factor of mechanical activity even in normal conditions. Therefore it is necessary to use oxygen and to add pyruvate which partly compensate for the decrease of mechanical activity observed during the occurrence of hypodynamic state. Moreover equilibrating the oncotic pressure prevents hypodynamia and considerably improves the experimental conditions. PMID- 807411 TI - [Incorporation of radioactive leucine into lizard epididymis proteins. Study during the sexual cycle and after injection of testosterone to untreated or castrated animals]. AB - Lizard epididymis activity during the reproductive cycle and after testosterone administration results in a marked increase of radioactive leucine incorporation in vivo and in vitro. The electrophoretic distribution of soluble proteins shows different peaks of radioactivity. Comparison between histological response and pattern of electrophoresis suggests that one of these peaks may correspond to an activity of secretion. PMID- 807412 TI - [Incorporation of 3H-5 uridine and 3H-5 leucine into cultured planarian cells, Polycelis tenuis (Iijima) in vitro]. AB - RNA and protein synthesis in Planarian cells cultivated in vitro was studied by histoautoradiography. In the non-differentiated cells, uptake of precursor is intense from the beginning of the culture, and sensitive to addition of trophic factor known for their activating effect on mitosis and regeneration. On the contrary the rate of incorporation in differentiated cells is low and uniform, independently of the differents factors added to the medium. PMID- 807413 TI - [Surface changes at the stage of fusion of the palatal ridges: light and scanning electron microscope study]. AB - Surface modifications appear prior to the joining stage of the palatal shelves. They take the same appearance in vivo and in vitro: cell agglutination, nuclear hypertrophy, exfoliation and release of cellular material, formation of uniting bridges across the gap between the shelves. PMID- 807414 TI - [The effect of prolonged injestion of paraffin oil in pigs: selective retention and interference with cholesterol metabolism]. AB - Hydrocarbons administered to the pig as paraffin oil fix preferentially in the liver, and the existence of a selective filtration mechanism can be supposed. Moreover a significant increase of the level of squalene is observed in adipose tissue and liver; it could correspond to an inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis following vitamin A deficiency due to perturbation of intestinal absorption. PMID- 807415 TI - [Concentration, purification, and isotopic labeling of sigma virus]. AB - Sigma virus has been concentrated by means of polyethylene-glycol and diafiltration; the latter method is more efficient in preserving infectivity. When purified on sucrose gradient, sigma banded in a sharp peak without any polydispersion. We are now able to label sigma genome with 3H-uridine in Drosophila cell cultures. PMID- 807416 TI - [Development and pathogenesis of an entomopoxvirus in lepidoptera cell culture]. AB - Cell cultures of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera) have been successfully infected with the Entomopoxvirus of Amsacta Moorei (Lepidoptera). The different steps of viral morphogenesis and pathogenesis have been precisely detailed by light and electron microscopy of infected cells. PMID- 807417 TI - [Virus disease complexes: transmissible pathological entities in invertebrates]. AB - Virus disease complexes of Galleria mellonella L. due respectively to a Parvovirus with a Baculovirus and a Parovirus with an Iridovirus have been transmitted to healthy larvae by ingestion of corpses of larvae affected by these disease complexes. The histological and cytological injuries observed are identical to those noted during the study of the initial complexes. PMID- 807418 TI - [The phenotype Hp O in several African and Central American populations]. AB - This work shows the higher probability for some individuals of having Hp O phenotype: that is, children under twelve, and individual carriers of haemoglobin S (haemoglobin D carriers do not present this characteristic). This observation appears as a confirmation of the hypotheses explaining Hp O phenotype as a consequence of haemolytic anaemia. Besides, the test of two genetic models taking into account both Hp O and Hp21 M phenotypes leads to strong difficulties due to a certain irregularity of "haptoglobin" genetic system. PMID- 807419 TI - [Blood relapses and modifications of the pre-erythrocytic shizonts of Plasmodium yoelii using ethionine]. AB - Injections of DL-ethionine during the preerythrocytic period of Plasmodium yoeli in Thammomys were followed by: 1. A delayed prepatent period; 2. A relapsing parasitaemia with alternatively positive and negative blood at subinoculation of clean mice; 3. A peculiar morphology of the exoerythrocytic schizonts which remain small with a scanty cytoplasm and very few large nuclei. Although the authors consider the origin of the relapses to be the rupture of delayed hepatic schizonts under the influence of ethionine, none were found after the 5th day. PMID- 807420 TI - [The role of microtubules in the cytoplasmic streaming of axopodia]. PMID- 807421 TI - [Factors regulating protein synthesis by rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes: variations in their concentrations during cell maturation]. AB - An activator as well as an inhibitor of protein synthesis, were isolated from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. The ribosomes of the erythrocytes are inactive in protein synthesis and lacked the activator. However, when the activator moiety was added to the erythrocyte ribosomes, there was a significant increase in their capacity for protein synthesis, provided these ribosomes were freed of their inhibitor by washing beforehand with a detergent. PMID- 807422 TI - [Radioisotopic demonstration of seasonal variations in food transfer between worker bees]. AB - Food exchanges have been studied during the whole year between workers of unknown age and 4-days old workers. Variations exist between both groups. The mean percentage of shared food is 27% in the group of honeybees of unknown age and 40% in the group of 4-days old workers with respect to the initial intake of the giver. The effect of the season appears among workers of unknown age particularly. PMID- 807423 TI - [The historic role of insulin in the physiopathology of the metabolic complications from pancreatic diabetes. Therapeutic implications for somatostatin]. AB - Possible ways in which somatostatin may influence the secretion of glucagon and insulin are discussed. The fact that it is possible to maintain normal blood glucose levels in pancreatectomised animals and in juvenile diabetics totally lacking in insulin, solely by the administration of somatostatin, is emphasised. PMID- 807424 TI - [Daily variations in plasma somatotropin in the lactating or dry goat]. AB - In lactating goats, manual milking, feeding and certain conditions depending on milking routine may increase plasma growth hormone during day time. Growth hormone basal levels were higher in lactating goats than in dry goats. Statistical difference between the means was highly significant. PMID- 807425 TI - [Autoradiographic study of ribonucleic acid metabolism during oogenesis of Lineus ruber Muller (Heteronemertes)]. AB - During Lineus ruber oogenesis, there is a very high uridine uptake by the oocyte before the yolk formation. At the end of this stage, the nucleolus shows a special structure that seems to be related to a decrease of the ribosomal RNA synthesis. During the yolk formation, the nucleolus scatters in the nucleus, allowing ribonucleoprotein granules to go towards the cytoplasm. PMID- 807426 TI - [Weight variations and energy expenditure in the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)]. AB - Ponderal loss of fasting Pygoscelis adeliae in an enclosure is linear; minimum for brooders, it triples during moult, and it the fasting period continues to a level below 3,3-3,5 kg, it quintuples. This critical slope could indicate the passage from a lipidic to a protidic metabolism. PMID- 807427 TI - [The toxicity of different crude oils on mussel larva]. AB - Five natural oils of varied origins, mixed with sea water by stirring, have been shown to be toxic for mussel larvae, which have been contaminated during one hour. This toxicity, expressed by the mortality percentage and the growth rate after contamination, was dependent on the type and the concentration of oil. The tests were carried out on 20 h old and 5 days old larvae, and were similar and complementary. PMID- 807428 TI - [Lanthanum and scorpion venom on the isolated guinea pig ileum]. AB - In the guinea-pig isolated ileum, lanthanum increases the quantity of spontaneously released acetylcholine and induces contracture of this muscle. We have shown that the latter phenomenon is not a consequence of the former. We conclude that it could be due to the Ca++ displaced by La+++. The scorpion venom effects are abolished by lanthanum. We explain this observation by blockage of Ca++ fluxes. PMID- 807429 TI - [Preferential localization of cadmium on the iterative DNA sequences from cultured tissues of the crown gall of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, var. Wisconsis 38)]. AB - Fractionation of total crown-gall tissue culture DNA from Nicotiana tabacum by Ag+-Cs2SO4 density gradient is described. Cadmium ions determination is performed in each fraction by anodic stripping voltammetry. The cadmium content of the DNA in the lightest density fractions is 100 to 1000 times higher than in the other fractions. PMID- 807430 TI - [A carbenicillin resistance factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 807431 TI - [Preparation of an iodinated penicillin derivative for radioimmunologic use]. AB - A 125I-BSA Penicilloyl conjugate was prepared by coupling Penicillin G to Bovine Serum Albumine previously labeled with Iodine-125. The reaction of fixation by covalent binding was made in alkaline solution without the use of carbodiimide. Immunoreactivity and specific activity of this labeled conjugate enable radioimmunoassay of penicilloyl groups. PMID- 807432 TI - [Transformation of a malignant melanoma in vitro: chromosomal study]. PMID- 807433 TI - [Quantitative study of the genetics of haptoglobin levels]. AB - A quantitative study, based on several African and Pyrenean populations led to the estimate of the effect of some factors on haptoglobin rate: it shows an influence of age and electrophoretic phenotype, but no apparent effect of sex. Moreover, this study led to the conclusion that there is heritability of haptoglobin rate. PMID- 807434 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in the chronically uremic rat. AB - The glycogen cycle enzymes amylo1,6-glucosidase, glycogen synthetase (I and D forms) and alpha-glucan phosphorylase (a and b forms) have been assayed for activity in skeletal muscle and hepatic tissues of chronically uremic rats. Significant decreases in muscle amylo-1,6-glucosidase (41%), hepatic phosphorylase (30%) and hepatic synthetase D (30%) activities were observed in uremics, as compared to both sham operted and destricted diet intake controls. Changes in phosphorylase "a" to "b" activity ratios and synthetase I to D activity ratios were found in the uremics. The biochemical significance of these alterations are discussed. PMID- 807435 TI - The clinical utility of a heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. AB - A specific and sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay for human prolactin has been developed utilizing anti-human prolactin and purified ovine prolactin for radioiodination. Employing this radioimmunoassay, as little as 1.5 ng of prolactin can be quantified in a ml of human serum. The prolactin in serum detected by the radioimmunoassay behaved in a similar manner to purified human 125-I-labled prolactin on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Exogenous prolactin could be completely recovered when varying amounts were added to a constant volume of serum. In normal control and primary hypothyroid subjects, intravenous administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone elicited a peak prolactin response 30 min post-injection. Hyperthyroid and hypopituitary subjects did not manifest a significant increase in serum prolactin concentration after the injection. Subjects with functional galactorrhea had high resting prolactin levels and exhibited peak increase in serum prolactin concentration at 60 min following the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 807436 TI - Specific protein assays in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Assessment of serum protein concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition was carried out by two specific immunochemical methods, the Single Radial Immunodiffusion technique and the Automated Immunonephelometric procedure. The correlation coefficient (r) between the two methods was above 0.85 for all the serum proteins assayed. The automated nephelometric assay procedure has the advantages that it is rapid and that a large number of samples can be readily processed. The system in its present form could not be readily used to quantitate proteins such as prealbumin whose serum concentration was less than 50 mg/100 ml. The single radial immunodiffusiton technique gave more consitent results for IgA estimation than the automated technique. With the exception of C4 and the immunoglobulins, all the serum proteins assayed were lower in children with protein-calorie malnutrition than in control children. During refeeding in children with protein-calorie malnutrition the first serum protein to show a significant rise was C3. This was followed by transferin, then prealbumin and lastly albumin. C4 did not show any significant change. In experimental protein calorie malnutrition in rats, the first serum protein to show a significant reduction was C3. This was followed by transferrin and then albumin. On refeeding the rats these serum proteins returned to normal values in the same order. PMID- 807437 TI - A comparative study of the estimation of calcium in serum. AB - Five generally applied methods for the estimation of calcium in serum were compared as to their precision, accuracy, speed and productivity. The influence of storage at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C and of a number of possible interfering factors were also investigated. As a result the continuous flow method with acid dialysis according to H.J. Gitelman (Anal. Biochem., 18 (1967) 521) in the modification of Technicon appeared to meet these conditions the most. PMID- 807439 TI - The inactivation of thyrotrophin releasing hormone by plasma in thyroid disease. AB - The inactivation of immunoreactive TRH in vitro by human plasma has been investigated. In a preliminary study, 2.5 ng TRH was destroyed by 50 mul plasma at a mean rate of 1.7%/min in eight subjects. The per cent inactivation of the same amount of TRH at three plasma dose levels was measured after 60 min in seventy unselected patients attending a thyroid clinic. There was no significant difference in the results obtained in those subsequently shown to be euthyroid (forty-three patients), hyperthyroid (eighteen patients) or hypothyroid (nine subjects). PMID- 807438 TI - The simultaneous determination by selected ion monitoring of the levels of homovanillic, isohomovanillic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic and 3-methoxy-4 hydroxymandelic acids in single biological samples. AB - Methods for the determination and quantitation of homovanillic, isohomovanillic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acids in single samples of biological material by gas chromatography, gas chromatographic mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring during gas chromatographic mass spectrometry are described. Examples of the levels of these four acid metabolites of catecholamines in serum and CSF of untreated dog, cat and human, in urine of parkinsonian subjects treated with varying doses of L-DOPA and in CSF of dogs which had received 1 g of L-DOPA per day for 7 weeks are presented. PMID- 807440 TI - Clearance and identification of thyrotrophin releasing hormone in human urine after intravenous injections. AB - The urine clearance of TRH after intravenous injection in man has been measured by radioimmunoassay. Between 4.4 percent and 10.7 percent of the dose was excreted within 90 min, the majority within 30 min. The TRH excreted was immunochemically and chromatographically indistinguishable from synthetic TRH and was inactivated by plasma enzymes with the same kinetic characteristics. The immunoreactive TRH-like material in basal urine samples was not TRH however: chromatographically and enzymatically it behaved differently from the synthetic tripeptide. PMID- 807441 TI - Thyrotrophin and prolactin responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone in Cushing's disease. AB - Serum thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone was impaired in all of eight subjects with untreated Cushing's disease; while all of six similar subjects tested after adequate treatment by a pituitary implant of 198Au then showed a normal response. In all five of the untreated patients studied, the serum prolactin response to TRH was normal. Thus chronically excessive cortisol levels as seen in Cushing's disease inhibit pituitary TSH responsiveness to TRH without affecting the prolactin response to TRH. Evidently the release of TSH and of prolactin by TRH are governed by independent mechanisms. PMID- 807442 TI - [Clinical evaluation of chlonic thyroiditis - comparison between pathology of the thyroid gland and the result of thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH) test]. PMID- 807443 TI - [Clinical effect of a synthetic ovulation induction agent, sexovid]. PMID- 807444 TI - [A family with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency]. PMID- 807445 TI - [Cretinism associated with thyroxine binding globulin deficiency in an infant]. PMID- 807446 TI - Neonatal neurofibromatosis: unusual manifestations with malignant clinical course. AB - A family with neurofibromatosis is reported in which the proband was an infant in whom the diagnosis was established at birth. In this case, the presenting symptom was a large tumor of the tongue and macrocephaly. Cafe-au-lait spots appeared early, as did additional subcutaneous tumors, with skeletal involvement and severe psychomotor retardation. The rapid growth of the tumor, its spread within the mediastinum, neck and oral cavity, led to a strangulating death at one year of age. The disease originates from early embryonic involvement of the neural crest and from tissues derived from its caudal end. It is probably caused by a single pleiotropic gene transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, with varying expression of the disease in different members of the same family. PMID- 807448 TI - Tuberculous meningitis developing after six months of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Complication of infection with a drug-resistant strain in a two year-old child. PMID- 807447 TI - Absence of differences in platelet dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) oxidase polymorphism in health and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - Extracts of platelets were subjected to vertical starch gel electrophoresis followed by enzyme staining to further investigate earlier reports of a unique dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) oxidase polymorphism among boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and their mothers. This was said to be distinct from those found in healthy controls. Platelets were separated from citrated venous blood by differential centrifugation and checked for purity by phase contrast microscopy. The isolated platelets were disrupted by freeze-thawing in Tris-HC1 buffer (0.02M, pH 8.2), and the resulting platelet extracts were electrophoresed for 15 hours at 130V at 4 degrees C. The starch gels were then sliced and stained with 0.2% DOPA and 0.1% MnCl2. Three electrophoretic patterns of DOPA oxidase activity were found in normal men and women: a single rapidly moving band; a single slowly moving band; and a broad band. These three patterns were also seen in boys with DMD, their mothers, and their fathers. Thus, a unique polymorphism was not found in boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy or their carrier mothers. PMID- 807449 TI - Changes in the renal and extrarenal handling of phosphate induced by disodium etidronate (EHDP) in man. AB - 1. The diphosphonate, disodium etidronate (disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate; (EHDP), is known to increase plasma inorganic phosphate in man. The present study examines the mechanism of this effect. 2. When EHDP was given by mouth at a dose of 80 mumol (20 mg) kg-minus 1day-minus 1, plasma phosphate was significantly increased 24 h after the first dose but did not reach its maximum value for 2-3 weeks. When the drug was stopped, plasma phosphate returned to pretreatment values within 3 weeks. 3. Urinary excretion rate of phosphate was not greatly changed during treatment with EHDP despite the large increase in plasma phosphate, suggesting an alteration in renal handling. This was examined directly by infusing phosphate and inulin in six patients off and on EDPH. 4. EHDP had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) but produced a large increase in the maximum rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TmP). The ratio Tm,P/GFR increased from a mean value of 1.15 mmol/1 to 2.10 mmol/1 on EHDP. This increase accounted for the hyperphosphataemia. 5. The same amount of phosphate infused at the same rate produced a greater rise in plasma phosphate when patients were on EHDP than when they were not, indicating a reduced net rate of entry of phosphate into tissues other than kidney. 6. Fasting total plasma calcium concentration and urine calcium excretion rate were not significantly altered by EHDP but the ability of infused phosphate to decrease plasma calcium was diminished. 7. It is suggested that EHDP alters phosphate transport in kidney and other tissues by a mechanism which is probably independent of the known hormonal influences on phosphate metabolism. PMID- 807450 TI - Effect of cellulose phosphate on calcium and magnesium homeostasis: studies in normal subjects and patients with latent hypoparathyroidism. AB - 1. The bivalent cation-binding agent, cellulose phosphate, was given for 6 days to four normal subjects and six patients with latent hypoparathyroidism (diagnosed by impaired response to EDTA infusion), all of whom were on a moderately low calcium diet. 2. In normal subjects, there was a prompt and sustained fall in urinary calcium with no change in plasma calcium, indicating increased tubular reabsorption. Plasma and urinary magnesium fell, without increase in tubular reabsorption. The urinary total hydroxyproline increased and Tm,P/glomerular filtration rate fell after 2 days; these changes were transient and were consistent with a transient increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. 3. In the hypoparathyroid patients, urinary calcium fell more slowly and a fall in plasma calcium occurred in several subjects, the extent and duration of which corresponded with parathyroid status determined by EDTA infusion. Urinary conservation of calcium was impaired but plasma and urinary magnesium fell as in normal subjects. Urinary total hydroxyproline did not change and Tm,P/glomerular filtration rate fell more slowly than in the normal subjects. 4. The relative contributions of increased tubular reabsorption and reduced filtered load to calcium conservation in response to calcium depletion depend on the prevailing level of parathyroid function; the former is more important when parathyroid function is normal, the latter when parathyroid function is impaired. 5. In the detection of reduced parathyroid reserve, the assessment based on the plasma calcium response to cellulose phosphate agrees closely with the assessment based on the degree of recovery from EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia. PMID- 807452 TI - The professional liability problem. PMID- 807451 TI - The crustacean cuticle--II. Deposition of organic and inorganic material in the cuticle of Astacus fluviatilis in the period after moulting. PMID- 807453 TI - Results of long-term administration of anticoagulants in patients with myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease without infarction. AB - Long-term treatment with anticoagulants (Sintrom, Suncumar) was applied in 300 cases of myocardial infarction and 106 cases of coronary heart disease without infarction aged 31 to 70 years over periods ranging from one to six years. The control group comprised 347 patients with myocardial infarction and 195 patients with coronary heart disease without infarction in the same age range who were not treated with Syncumar because of contraindications. Treatment with Syncumar was started on the first day at hospital and was continued after discharge from the hospital on an outpatient basis. The level of prothrombin was kept within the range of 35-45%. In the Syncumar treated group the mortality in patients with myocardial infarction was 8.0% and in the control group it was 20.5%. In the Syncumar treated group the incidence of repeated infarctions was 12.7% and in the controls it was 33.1%. On the other hand, no effects of Syncumar on the mortality of patients with chronic coronary heart disease without infarction was observed. PMID- 807454 TI - Pulmonary function in Morquio's disease: A study of two siblings. AB - Two siblings with characteristic clinical and radiologic features of Morquio's disease are presented. Detailed pulmonary function tests, including vital capacity, flow rates, lung volumes, airway resistance, and lung compliance, were performed. The ventilatory studies suggested a restricted pattern due to chest cage dysfunction. Hypoxemia was noted in one patient and was shown to be due to right-to-left shunting, probably related to the microatelectasis as a result of the restricted chest cage. PMID- 807455 TI - Cardiac valve replacement with the stabilized glutaraldehyde porcine aortic valve: indications, operative results, and followup. AB - Porcine aortic valve xenografts stabilized with glutaraldehyde have been implanted in 91 patients with acquired and congenital valvular heart disease. The indications for use of this valve have included age, previous sensitivity to anticoagulants, or a concomitant condition contraindicating anticoagulant therapy. There were two operative deaths and three late deaths in 44 mitral, 25 aortic, 16 aortic-mitral, 5 mitral-tricuspid, and one aortic-mitral-tricuspid replacements. There were no valve failures from cusp rupture, although one valve was replaced because of annular disproportion. There was one inhospital stroke but no late emboli in a 3 to 33 month followup period, 16.5; 72 patients are functional class 1, 10 class 2, and one patient is class 3. In appropriate patients this biologic tissue valve relieves the hemodynamic abnormalities of valvular heart disease, is associated with a low embolization rate without anticoagulant therapy and, to date, has been durable. PMID- 807456 TI - Altered pulmonary capillary permeability complicating recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Self-limited noncardiogenic interstitial pulmonary edema probably reflecting altered permeability of the pulmonary capillary membrane is reported in a patient being treated for severe diabetic ketoacidosis. The possible etiology, associated findings, and therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by facemask are discussed. PMID- 807457 TI - Comparison of the in vitro activities of BB-K8 and three other aminoglycosides against 215 strains of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae with variable sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamicin. AB - 215 gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical materials were tested in vitro against BB-K8 by means of disc diffusion and agar dilution tests; the strains included 40 isolates resistant to gentamicin. Approximately 90% of the strains were inhibited by 3.12 mug/ml or less BB-K8. This antibiotic exhibited a comparable activity, although somewhat inferior, to that of gentamicin, against organisms sensitive to gentamicin. It was considrably more active than gentamicin, and comparable to tobramycin, against the isolates of Klebsiella Enterobacter-Serratia spp. resistant to gentamicin, but less active than tobramycin against 11 strains of Pseudomonas resistant to gentamicin. PMID- 807458 TI - Apparent antagonism by a resident R plasmid for entry of related gentamicin tobramycin resistance plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - From altogether 17 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin, isolated in January 1975, 4 have been found to transfer their resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin, along with the resistance to other aminoglycosides, to rifampicin-resistant recipient strains of the same species. In some instances the transfer was strain-specific and therefore it was advisable to use more divergent recipient strains. It was found that a variant of a recipient strain (ML-4258) which already carries an R plasmid (found in the same area in 1972), accepted the Gm-R To-R plasmids with much lower frequencies than the original plasmid-free recipient. From this it may be concluded that R plasmids in P. aeruginosa from the Frankfurt area did not undergo significant genetic alterations within 3 years and thus they might be regarded as phylogenetically related. PMID- 807459 TI - Orally-administered silver sulfadiazine: chemotherapy and toxicology in CF-1 mice; Plasmodium berghei (Malaria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Silver sulfadiazine when administered orally and subcutaneously to CF-1 mice in doses not exceeding 1,050 mg/kg proved to have minimal toxicity. No pathology or abnormal reactions were seen in CF-1 mice after receiving 1,050 mg/kg orally and subcutaneously once a day for 30 days. Silver sulfadiazine in doses of 1,050 mg/kg, once a day for 5 days cured mice of Plasmodium berghei even after splenectomy. Parasitemia was reduced to zero in 1-3 days and antimalarial activity was not inhibited significantly with doses of 313 mg/kg/day of PABA, thereby indicating that silver sulfadiazine's antimalarial mode of action is different from that of the sulfonamides. Doses of 1,050 mg/kg/day had significant activity against systemic infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 807460 TI - No multistrandedness in mitotic chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Feulgen cytophotometric measurements of neuroblasts in the first and third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster reveal the same DNA content for metaphases with chromosomes of different size. The total absorbance of all measured metaphases gives the four-fold value of that of the spermatids. Accordingly there seem to be no reasons to retain the assumption of a multistranded structure for the large chromosomes of metaphases in the third instar larvae. PMID- 807461 TI - Gene transfer in Drosophila melanogaster: cytological alterations in the salivary chromosomes of transformed stocks. AB - Cytological abnormalities are observed in salivary chromosomes of stocks of Drosophila melanogaster possessing DNA-induced, v+ transformations mapping either at 1-0.0 or 1-33.0. In initial studies, the untransformed control stock and six transformed stocks were assigned code numbers prior to cytological examination. Salivary chromosome regions 1B9 10--C 2-3 and 10A1 2--10B1-2 were carefully examined in each of the coded stocks. (Band 1B11 is tentatively identified as the site of the suppressor-of-sable locus at 1-0.0 and band 10A1 is the site of the vermilion locus at 1-33.0.) When cytological studies were complete each of the stocks was identified. In every transformed stock examined, anomalies had been scored in association with the chromosome region corresponding to the map position of the DNA-induced alteration. In the control stock, anomalies were observed at neither position. -- Approximately 10-15% of the nuclei in transformed stocks exhibit significant departure from normality in the pertinent chromosome region. The perturbations range from minor alterations of banding pattern to apparent pieces of extra chromatin in the most extreme cases. In stocks with v+ transformations mapping at 1-33.0, apparent extra chromatin is observed with frequencies varying from 0.05 to 0.02. In these cases the abnormal structures are associated with salivary band 10A1-2, forming a band-like structure, frequently an almost perfect doublet (open or closed), often lying in an abnormal position, and with fine chromatin threads connecting to the chromosomal doublet. In stocks with v+ transformations mapping at 1-0.0, apparent extra chromatin is observed with a frequency of about 0.001. These abnormal structures are frequently thread-like, lying to the side or off the tip of the chromosome, with compact regions which sometimes resemble chromomeres, and with fine threads connecting to the chromosomal 1B11 region. PMID- 807462 TI - Variant angina and sleep: a case report with therapeutic considerations. AB - A 33 year old male with three years of increasingly frequent nocturnal angina pectoris was found on ECG tape monitoring to develop marked ST segment elevation followed by coarse ventricular tachycardia with subsequent spontaneous termination of the arrhythmia. Further evaluation included normal maximal exercise tolerance test, normal coronary arteriography and left ventricular angiography. Continuous nocturnal EEG, ECG, and blood pressure recordings on nitrate therapy revealed normal sleep patterns, development of sinus tachycardia with minimal muscular movement and a normal circadian decline in blood pressure. Therapy with progressive doses of 2% Nitroglycerin ointment has prevented further breakthrough in nocturnal angina pectoris. The association of nocturnal angina and sleep stages and the possibility of altering the coronary vasospasm by approaching the central neurophysiologic trigger rather than the peripheral coronary arteries is discussed. PMID- 807463 TI - The effects of clinical treatment conditions on predictors of length of hospital stay. PMID- 807464 TI - Drug induced dyskinesia: reality or myth? AB - Psychotropic medication employed in the long-term therapy of mental patients is etiologically linked to oral dyskinesia. Although the term "oral dyskinesia" is used interchangeably with "drug-induced dyskinesia" this author doesn't find sufficient scientific evidence from published studies to implicate the psychotropic drugs solely responsible for "oral dyskinesia." All the previous studies attempting to link drugs etiologically with oral dyskinesia suffered from lack of adequate information and methodological difficulties inherent in the question involved. In this paper the concept of "drug-induced dyskinesia" is rejected despite the fact that dyskinesia, from whatever etiology, is observed in certain individuals with high anxiety level and its dependent variable, the history of a psychotropic drug usage. PMID- 807465 TI - [Relation of chloroplast and chromatophore fluorescence yield to the state of the reaction centers]. PMID- 807466 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of Drosophila melanogaster antigens]. PMID- 807467 TI - [Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase]. PMID- 807469 TI - The influence of 2 br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) and apomorphine on induced prolactin secretion in the crab eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The influence of apomorphine and 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) on drug-induced prolactin secretion was examined in an intact and an ovariectomized monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Perphenazine administered iv at one mg/kg BW induced a rapid and marked increase in serum prolactin. Apomorphine at a concentration of 4 mg/kg BW administered prior to perphenazine delayed the perphenazine-induced prolactin rise. The iv administration of CB-154 at either 200 or 2000 mu-g/kg BW completely blocked the perphenazine response. Apomorphine injected before TRH suppressed the induced prolactin increase to this releasing hormone while CB-154, even at the very high dose, only partially blocked the TRH-induced prolactin rise. Serotonin injected iv at the level of 10 mg/kg BW induced a rapid and marked increase in serum prolactin and both apomorphine and CB-154 were able to block this response. PMID- 807468 TI - [Primary oxidation of pseudocumene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 807470 TI - A radioimmunoassay for rat serum parathyroid hormone using N-terminal of PTH. AB - Partially purified bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced two kinds of antisera, GP-100 reacting with 125I-labeled bovine PTH (b-PTH 1-84) alone and GP M reacting with 125I-labeled synthetic N-terminal portion of bovine PTH (b-PTH 1 34) as well as b-PTH 1-84. Rat serum PTH reacted with the latter but not in the former, suggesting a similarity to b-PTH 1-34. Rat serum PTH became undetectable after parathyroidectomy, and increased after Na2-EDTA injection and following renal injury with sodium sulfacetylthiazole. PMID- 807471 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary functions in patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism. AB - To investigate hypothalamic-pituitary functions and the primary site of the lesion in idiopathic pituitary dwarfism, various pituitary function tests, especially the pituitary hormone responses to the hypophysiotropic hormones were studied in 23 patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism. A few cases showed slight responses of GH to GH stimulation tests. Gonadotropin deficiencies were most frequently noted among pituitary hormones. The basal levels and the responses of plasma LH and FSH to LH-RH test were diminished markedly in all of the cases except in 5 cases with isolated GH deficiency. Responses of LH and FSH to LH-RH improved markedly after a long term administration of LH-RH for a period of one month in 2 patients with gonadotropin deficiency. As to TSH axis, half of the cases accompanied hypothyroidism. However, the responses of TSH to TRH were normal in all of the cases regardless of the thyroid function. The basal levels and the responses of plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol to the rapid metopirone test were also impaired in about half of the cases. Basal levels of plasma prolactin were normal in all of the cases and the responses of prolactin to TRH were normal in cases with normal thyroid function, but slightly delayed in cases with hypothyroidism. It is concluded from the above observations that the incidences of various pituitary hormone deficiencies were quite high in this disorder and hypophysiotropic hormone deficiencies may cause pituitary hormone deficiencies. Therefore, it is suggested that the primary site of the lesion in this disorder might be at the hypothalamus. PMID- 807472 TI - EEG prediction of post-traumatic epilepsy. AB - EEGs from 722 patients with injuries associated with a high risk of late traumatic epilepsy were analyzed. Although abnormal records were more common in patients who developed epilepsy, they reflected the more severe brain damage in these patients, which was already evident from clinical features. In individual patients the EEG does not improve the accuracy of the prediction calculated from clinical data. Patients with persisting or newly developing EEG abnormalities may never have a fit, while 20% of those with late epilepsy had at least one normal record in the first 3 months after injury. The conclusion that the EEG does not contribute usefully to the prediction of traumatic epilepsy appears to reflect a consensus among recent writers on the subject. PMID- 807473 TI - Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal EEG foci: a genetic study. AB - Nineteen probands with benign epilepsy of childhood and centrotemporal EEG foci (rolandic discharges), 36 of their full parents, and 34 full siblings were included in a genetic study. In these sibships (excluding probands), 15% (5/34) had seizures and rolandic discharges, and 19% (6/32) had rolandic discharges alone. Of the full parents, 11% (5/38) had seizures in chilhood but none in adult life. Only 1 parent (3%) of 36 had rolandic discharges. There was no differnence with sex. The results were tested against different genetic hypotheses and indicate that an autosomal dominant gene with age-dependent penetrance is responsible for the EEG trait. PMID- 807474 TI - Asymmetrical distribution and artifactual reorientation of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane bilayer of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Labelling of cell walls or outer membranes from Salmonella typhimurium with ferritin-conjugated antibodies directed against the polysaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide gave the following results: 1. Cell walls or outer membranes from which the mucopeptide had been removed by lysozyme digestion at 0 degrees C carried the label on the outer face of the membrane. 2. When the murein layer was removed by either lysozyme or trypsin at physiological temperature (25-37 degrees C) subsequent labelling showed the lipopolysaccharide to be present on both membrane faces. 3. This reorientation could be achieved by a 1-min treatment of the membranes at 37 degrees C. 4. Glutaraldehyde fixation of the outer membranes did not entirely prevent but somewhat inhibited the temperature-induced reorientation process. 5. The same reorientation phenomenon was observed in lysozyme spheroplasts, which were prepared at 37 degrees C and were subsequently lysed in hypotonic medium at 0 degrees C. These observations are discussed as evidence for a transmembrane movement of lipopolysaccharide, which only takes place in areas where the mucopeptide layer is defective, and only when the temperature is sufficiently high to allow such movement. PMID- 807475 TI - Synthesis in vitro of phi29-specific early proteins directed by phage DNA. AB - The RNA and proteins synthesized in an Escherichia coli cell-free system of protein synthesis directed by Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 DNA were studied. Hybridization-competition experiments showed that most of the RNA species synthesized in vitro are early RNAs. Many of the early proteins induced after phage infection were also synthesized in the E. coli cell-free system. None of the late proteins, structural or non-structural, were synthesized in the system in vitro. PMID- 807476 TI - The catecholase activity of Neurospora tyrosinase. AB - A highly purified preparation of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa was isolated with a view to elucidating its mechanism of action. Both the resting and functioning molecular weights of the enzyme were determined as 33000 plus or minus 2000 and kinetic data in conjunction with binding studies indicated the presence of only one site within the enzyme for binding phenolic substrates. Kinetic constants for several 0-diphenols and for the inhibitors cyanide and benzoic acid were determined and the kinetics are consistent with a mechanism in which either the substrates are bound in a random order or the diphenol binds first. The enzyme forms an oxygenated complex and a complex with hydrogen peroxide and both are detectable spectroscopically PMID- 807477 TI - Composition, quaternary structure, and catalytic properties of D-ribulose-1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase from Euglena gracilis. AB - D-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase has been purified in one step by sedimenting extracts of autotrophically-grown Euglena gracilis into a linear 0.2 0.8 M sucrose density gradient. The resultant product was pure by the criteria of disc electrophoresis in gels polymerized from 5 or 7.5% acrylamide and sedimentation. The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by density gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis in gels polymerized from various concentrations of acrylamide was 5.25 X 10(5). The S20,W was 16.4 S. Dissociation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate established that the enzyme was composed of two types of subunits (mr 50,000 and 15,000). The oligomeric structure was visualized through negative staining and transmission electron microscopy leading to a model for the quaternary structure. Although the enzyme was moderately unstable, the estimated maximal specific activity was 1.6 mumol CO2 fixed min-1 mg protien-1 at 30 degrees C and pH 8.0 Km values were 2.2 m M, 15. 1 MUM and 0.63 mM for Mg2+, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, and CO2, respectively, when measured under air. 6-Phospho-D-gluconate was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (Ki = 0.04 mM). Oxygen was a competitive inhibitor with respect to CO2 suggesting that the enzyme was also an oxygenase. The latter was confirmed by experiments showing a molar equivalence between ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-dependent oxygen consumption and phosphoglycerate production. PMID- 807479 TI - Systematic determination of the serum phenytoin level as an aid in the management of children with epilepsy. AB - The results from systematic determinations of the serum level of phenytoin in 121 epileptic children are reported. The range 12-25 mg/l is effective in most of the children, responding at all to phenytoin, and causes few and minimal side effects. Practically all children with pure grand mal epilepsy could be kept seizure-free on an optimal dose of phenytoin alone. Possibly the level aimed at should be higher in severe cases than in mild ones. Our initial dose was 10 mg/kg daily; this dose was adjusted according to the serum level until the desired range was reached. Phenytoin produced a lower serum level than the same dose of its sodium salt. Interaction possibly occurs with carbamazepine, which tended to decrease the level, and with acetazolamide, which tended to increase the level. With the help of serum phenytoin determinations an individual dose can be chosen for each patient and phenytoin therapy be rendered safer and more effective. PMID- 807478 TI - Interactions of heteroaromatic compounds with nucleic acids. 1. The influence of heteroatoms and polarizability on the base specificity of intercalating ligands. AB - We have examined the origins of base specificity in intercalating ligands by studying the interaction with DNA of a series of proflavine and acridine orange analogs differing in the heteroatoms present in the chromophore. Base specificity was determined by differential dialysis of the dye against DNA samples of differing G-C content. We find that G-C specificity increases as the visible absorbance band of the chromophore moves to longer wavelength, implying a relation between specificity and polarizability of the chromophore. This can be rationalized by recognizing that the G-C pair is more polar than A-T, and should therefore interact more favorably with an easily polarized ring system. We find in addition that dimethylation of the chromophore amino groups increases specificity which we discuss in terms of steric and coupled steric-electronic contributions. Our results also bear on the origin of G-C specificity in binding actinomycin to DNA. Some of the compounds studied are as G-C specific as actinomycin, yet they lack hydrogen-bonding functions as plausible determinants of specificity. This observation gives new life to the hypothesis that the specificity of actinomycin is determined primarily by preferential interaction of the chromophore with a G-C pair. PMID- 807480 TI - Coronary bypass surgery in Prinzmetal angina. AB - A case of Prinzmetal angina, characterized by spontaneous attacks of chest pain associated with hypotension, inferior wall ST-segment elevation, and transient second degree A-V block, is presented in which coronary arteriography demonstrated spasm of the right coronary artery. Aortocoronary bypass surgery, a questionable approach in the treatment of this entity, afforded complete symptomatic relief. The multiple problems inherent in selecting patients and proper operative technique are discussed. PMID- 807481 TI - Discrepancy between the measurement of thyroxine-binding prealbumin plasma level and binding capacity in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The measurement of thyroxine-bindung prealbumin (TBPA) in protein-calorie malnutrition by two different techniques leads to the recognition of an unexpected discrepancy. Whereas TBPA plasma levels as measured by immunodiffusion are markedly decreased to 29.3% of the normal, those recorded by maximal binding capacity (TBPAcap) are characterized by a wide dispersion. In the control group, the ratio between TBPAcap and TBPA plasma level is 9.1. In the malnourished group on admission, the same ratio is 30.0. The possibility of a qualitative effect in the tetrameric TBPA structure, with the binding of additional thyroxine (T4) molecules on the secondary binding sites, has been investigated. This hypothesis has been discarded by Scatchard plot studies. The normal 1:1 molar ratio between TBPA and T4 is unaffected in protein-deficient patients. Discrepant results obtained for TBPAcap and TBPA levels appear to be the consequence of low plasma protein levels, leading to an artifact in the electrophoretic method. PMID- 807483 TI - Parasitological review. Experimental monkey hosts for human plasmodia. PMID- 807482 TI - Effect of full agonists following calcium deprivation in rat vas deferens. AB - The contractile effects of maximum doses of adrenaline, noradrenaline, methacholine, acetylcholine, serotonin and barium chloride were studied following substitution of a medium without calcium for the normal nutrient solution. Except for the last agonist, the effects fall to about 10% within the first 3 min with prompt return to normal value upon reintroduction of regular fluid. This recovery is, however, slower if the previous incubation in Ca-free solution is prolonged. When barium chloride is used in a calcium-free medium, the maximum height of contractions falls exponentially at a t1/2 of about 180 min. This decay can be accelerated by giving successive 5-min doses of the agonist or by using EDTA. It is hypothesised that excitation--contraction coupling in rat vas deferens depends on at least two different calcium sources: a deep site associated with the effects of barium, and a superficial one, related to the other agonists. To explain the slow recovery after prolonged calcium lack, a third compartment in series with the latter is suggested. No indication is found that the biphasic effects of barium depend on two different calcium pools. PMID- 807485 TI - Theileria parva: effects of irradiation on a culture of parasitized bovine lymphoid cells. PMID- 807484 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: the role of the complement C3-activating system in the cercaricidal action of normal serum. PMID- 807486 TI - Environmental influences affecting the voluntary intake of drugs: an overview. AB - Drug self-administration studies in animals have generally used drugs that are abused by man. The oral route by adding drug to the drinking water is simple, but the bitter taste of many drugs requires that the animals first be forced to consume treated water. The intravenous route, wherein relatively unrestrained rats or monkeys press a lever to obtain intravenous drugs, permits precise control over the dose and can be readily adapted to schedules and manipulations customarily used in the behavioral sciences. Environmental factors affecting drug intake include the dose its schedule of administration, and conditioning of drug administration to secondary cues. There are differences in drug self administration of stimulant drugs (as amphetamines) and depressants (as morphine and barbiturates). There is an inverse relation between the size of the dose and number of injections taken, but for stimulants daily intake will remain constant whereas for depressants smaller doses are only partially compensated for by increased numbers of injections. Likewise, drug intake of stimulants is better maintained on ratio schedules. Neutral stimuli, as lights or buzzers, paired with drug injections can be used to elicit conditioned responses. Such responses have been used to evaluate the reinforcing properties of drugs. PMID- 807487 TI - [Clinical studies on regulatory system of thyroid hormone secretion and serum triiodothyronine. Part. I. Solid-state radioimmunoassy for human serum TSH and its clinical application (author's transl)]. AB - A solid-state RIA method using a plastic microtiter plate for human TSH was developed: 1) The choice of carrier protein for standard TSH was critical in this method and pooled sera from untreated Graves patients was found to be suitable for this purpose. The mean lowest detectable TSH level was 0.2 muU/assay, which was almost equal to those reported by other methods. This method is superior in simple assay procedure, especially in the separation of bound and free TSH and in the shorter incubation time required in the double antibody method. 2) Serum TSH concentration in 22 normal subjects, 17 patients with Graves' disease, 35 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 18 primary hypothyrodism, 16 simple goiter, 4 nodular goiter and 7 secondary hypothyroidism was estimated as 4.7 +/- 2.0 muU/ml (mean +/- s.d.), 2.1 +/- 0.2 mu/U/ml, 14.1 +/- 26.5 muU/ml, 211 +/- 177 muU/ml, 3.6 +/- 2.4 muU/ml, 3.2 +/- 2.4 muU/ml and 2.6 +/- 1.0 muU/ml, respectively. 3) A statistically significant and hyperbolic inverse correlation (r= --0.37, N=90) was found between TSH and T4 levels. Some cases with normal T4 level were found to be high in TSH levels. It was also noted that 36 of 65 euthyroid cases (55.4%) who had been treated with 131I for Graves' disease showed elevated TSH levels. 4) After intravenous injection of 500 mug TRH, TSH level reached its peak value of 8 to 32 muU/ml at 15 to 45 minutes in normal subjects. Low to no response was found in patients with Graves' disease. An exaggerated response in patients with primary hypothyroidism to TRH was observed and an inhibitory process in TSH production at the pituitary level was suggested in patients with Cushing syndrome. Hypothyroid patients with pituitary lesion showed low or no response, on the other hand some hypothyroid patients with lesions around the pituitary and hypothalamus showed high basal TSH and exaggerated response to TRH. PMID- 807488 TI - [Clinical studies on regulatory system of thyroid hormone secretion and serum triiodothyronine. Part II. Development of rapid radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine (author's transl)]. AB - A rapid and simple radioimmunoassay method for serum T3 was developed using home made potent rabbit anti-T3 serum: 1) The incubation mixture which contained 0.1 ml of 1:2,000 diluted anti-T3 serum (finally 1:20,000), 250 mug of 8-anilino-1 naphthalene sulphonic acid and 0.1 ml of serum was run at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. Dextran-coated charcoal was added for separation of free and bound T3. No significant undersirable effects due to high incubation temperature and short incubation time was observed. The lowest detectable amount of T3 was 20 pg per assay though this antiserum showed a 0.24% cross reaction with T4 the purity of which was 99%. The dilution curve of serum from Graves' patients was parallel to the standard. The recovery of added T4 over the range 39-625 pg was 98.1%. Inter and intra-assay variations of the estimated T3 values at the euthyroid level were 14.3% and 16.9%, respectively. 2) Serum T3 concentrations in 21 normal subjects, 23 patients with Graves' disease, 9 primary hypothyroidism, 19 Hashimoto's thyroiditis were estimated as 131 +/- 29 ng/100 ml (mean +/- s.d.), 546 +/- 274 ng/100 ml, 77 +/- 27ng/100 ml and 154 +/- 30 ng/100 ml respectively. Calculated T3/T4% in 10 normal subjects was 1.48 +/- 0.44, in 21 Graves' patients 2.84 +/- 1.59, in 9 primary hypothyroidism 3.88 +/- 1.36 and 19 Hashimoto's thyroiditis 2.41 +/- 0.86. 3) T3 levels in 131I treated Graves' patients corresponded well with their thyroid functional status. On the other hand their T3/T4% was distributed over a wide range and had no significant relationship with the clinical status. A hyperbolic inverse correlation between serum T3 and TSH levels (r= --0.21) was found in 88 cases with various thyroid disease, 25 cases of which showed high TSH with normal T3 levels. A significant increase in serum T3 at 90 and 120 minutes after intravenous administration of 500 mug TRH was observed, and the average of the absolute maximum increment was 42 +/- 24 ng/100 ml in 9 normal subjects. It is considered feasible to evaluate both thyroid and pituitary reserve quantitatively by simultaneous estimation of serum T3 and TSH levels after TRH administration. PMID- 807489 TI - The mechanism of evagination of imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. 1. General considerations. PMID- 807490 TI - A kinetic study of embryonic cell adhesion. PMID- 807491 TI - Antigenic and allergenic constituents of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. AB - The antigenic analysis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract was performed by using antiserum obtained in rabbits by immunization with mite extract in Freund's adjuvant. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed the presence of many constituents, most of which were common to human dander, house dust and Dermatophagoides farinae extracts. By fractionation of the mite extract on Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex it was shown that the highest allergenic activity was related to a family of heat-stable molecules weighing about 30,000. The antigenic analysis of chromatographic most active fraction revealed the presence of three heat-stable constituents, one of which is not shared by nutrient medium, or by D. farinae extract. The fractionation of D. pteronyssinus extract by preparative isoelectrophocusing on sucrose gradient (pH range 3-10) showed that the two fractions (pH 3.5 and pH 5.0) containing the major allergenic activity (measured by the RAST-inhibition capacity) were also able to induce a significant in vitro activation of lymphocytes from allergic patients. When the anti-mite rabbit gammaglobulins were fixed to an immunosorbent and incubated with a house dust extract, it was constantly possible to induce a strong decrease or a complete loss of allergenicity of the dust extract in man. This is in favour of an allergenic identity between dust and mite. PMID- 807492 TI - The need for standardization of allergenic extracts utilized in humans for diagnosis and therapy. AB - It seems clear that the results of allergenic immunotherapy depend on the value of the allergens available. In our opinion the following points should be discussed and clarified : the choice of allergenic substances, potency units, therapeutic dilutions, delayed action allergens, active antibodies, standardization of allergens of well-determined biological species (plants, mould, microscopic fungi, microbial germs, house dust, pollens, parasites), standardization of adjuvants, standardization of allergen dispensation, solvents used for dilutions, solutions used for dilutions, preservatives, etc. A great deal of work is involved and should be undertaken without delay on an international scale. PMID- 807493 TI - [Comparative dose-effect relationship of a tuberculin standard on guinea pig sensitivity, using living and dead tuberculosis bacilli]. AB - The sensitization of guinea pigs utilized for tuberculin titration may be obtained by a BCG primo-vaccination followed by an inoculation of live, virulent Myc. tuberculosis. This method, which results in a sub-evolutive form of tuberculosis, gives a satisfactory sensitization level but has the disadvantage of utilizing animals which are germ carriers and therefore dangerous. A method has been tested employing killed germs (Jamaica strain) coated with Freund's complete adjuvant H37Ra which utilizes animals presenting no danger in handling. The results of 105 titrations made on 453 guinea pigs during two years show that the reactions obtained are clear, easy to read and remain stable over a long period (F equals 0.1). The comparison of values thus obtained shows that in the case of killed bacilli in relation to live bacilli: the mean dimensions of the reaction with 5, 10 and 20 IU are significantly more important (P is less than 0.0001) and the dose-response slope is significantly steeper (P is less than 0.01) which offers more precise results. Sensitization by killed germs therefore offers the double advantage of handling non-dangerous animals and obtaining results which are more precise and easier to read. PMID- 807494 TI - Physicochemical and immunochemical quantitation of house dust allergens. AB - House dust extracts for clinical use must be purified in order to free them from indesirable irritants and pyrogens. A discussion is given of practical and simple methods for the standardized production of purified house dust allergens, which can be quantitated on the basis of relatively simple analytical and physicochemical parameters. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis may help in the controlled production of safe and potent preparations. In contrast, elaborate standardization by quantitative single radial immunodiffusion with anti house dust sera may lead to completely erroneous results. PMID- 807496 TI - Early insulin release and its response to potassium supplementation in protein calorie malnutrition. AB - Early insulin release after oral glucose is absent in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). There is an increase of the insulin-glucose ratio at 10 and 15 min induced by potassium supplementation compared to a similar group receiving an identical diet without supplementary potassium. This suggests that impaired insulin secretion in PMC is in part due to a potassium mediated disturbance of insulin release. PMID- 807497 TI - [Principles of the antitubercular therapy]. PMID- 807495 TI - Physico-chemical and biologic properties of the Ascaris allergen. AB - Ascaris species and their soluble extracts are exceptionally active in inducing atopic sensitization in a very high proportion of exposed individuals and stimulate high levels of reaginic (IgE) antibodies in many experimental animal models. A component responsible for both stimulating reaginic antibodies and eliciting skin reactions in previously sensitized animals was isolated and purified from the crude extract by associating Sephadex gel filtration and polyvinyl chloride block electrophoresis. The allergen (Asc-1) had a molecular weight of 17,000-18,000, had an isoelectric point of 5.0-5.2, contained 8.5% carbohydrate and dissociated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS as a subunit with a molecular weight of 8.400. A single injection of 10 mug protein Asc-1 could stimulate reagin production in rats. Experimental A.suum infections in rats determine reaginic antibody titers ranging from 1:160 after a single infection to 1:4000 after a second infection. The reagins could be detected using Asc-1 as challenge, indicating that the allergen obtained from the crude extract was present in all stages of the parasite life cycle and was directly involved in stimulating reagin production during the migratory phase of the infection. Immunization of rats with Asc-1 in complete Freund's adjuvant completely suppressed the reagin response expected to follow after either one or two infections. Asc-1 did not act as an adjuvant for reagin production nor did an A.suum infection potentiate the reagin response to irrelevant antigens. PMID- 807498 TI - Experimental production of osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible in rabbits with 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - A single intramedullary administration of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) into the mandible in 32 rabbits induced 21 cases of osteogenic sarcoma (65.6%), 5 chondrosarcoma (15.6%), 2 fibrosarcomas, and 3 cementoblastomas. None of the tumors appeared until the 3rd month after the treatment. From the 4th to 6th month, early stages of osteogenic tumors were seen. In the late stadium, from 7th to 12th month, tumors showed prominent proliferation and invasion to the oral cavity and surrounding areas. Metastasis to the lung and liver was found in 2 cases of osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 807499 TI - Synthesis of N-hydroxy-4-(methylamino) azobenzene and its acetate, and their reactivity to amino acids. PMID- 807500 TI - Caloric intake and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. AB - Reduction in caloric intake was associated with a greater absolute rise in the serum bilirubin concentration in patients with Gilbert's syndrome and partial hepatic bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPG-T) dysfunction compared to patients with hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and normal subjects. Two patients with overt hemolysis but an exaggerated response to caloric deprivation had reduced UDPG-T activities comparable to Gilbert's syndrome. The UDPG-T activities in the other patients with hemolytic jaundice were normal. The combination of fasting and novobiocin in 2 normal subjects produced a greater increase in bilirubin level than either fasting or novobiocin alone. These data suggest that theunderlying UDPG-T dysfunction, rather than the prefasting level of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, is responsible for the diet induced hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's syndrome. The diet test appears to differentiate Gilbert's syndrome from hemolytic jaundice as well as from normal subjects, irrespective of the initial serum bilirubin concentration. PMID- 807501 TI - Polymicrobial sepsis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Cholangitis with polymicrobial sepsis followed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient without biliary tract obstruction. Inadequately disinfected endoscopy equipment was strongly implicated as the source of infection. Results with a new method of disinfection using gluteraldehyde are given. PMID- 807502 TI - Hypothalamic control of prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in teleosts, with special reference to recent studies on the goldfish. PMID- 807503 TI - The contribution of ecological genetics to evolutionary theory: detecting the direct effects of natural selection on particular polymorphic loci. AB - It is possible to define a strategy for experimentally demonstrating that natural selection acts directly on a particular polymorphic locus, rather than on other loci in linkage disequilibrium with it. This strategy has been applied to the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster and has provided very strong evidence that the polymorphism is directly subject to selection. It is equally applicable to other polymorphisms and offers the hope of resolving the long-standing debate about the causes of enzyme variation. PMID- 807504 TI - Quantitative variation in natural populations. AB - Quantitative variation is considered in natural populations using Drosophila as the example. A knowledge of such variation enables its rapid exploitation in directional selection experiments as shown for scutellar chaeta number. Where evidence has been obtained, genetic architectures are in qualitative agreement with Mather's concept of balance for traits under stabilizing selection. Additive genetic control is found for acute environmental stresses, but not for less acute stresses as shown by exposure to 60Co-gamma rays. D. simulans probably has a narrower ecological niche than its sibling species D. melanogaster associated with lower genetic heterogeneity. One specific environmental stress to which D. simulans is sensitive in nature is ethyl alcohol as shown by winery data. PMID- 807506 TI - Forthcoming legislation will seek to coordinate and streamline Medicare, Medicaid, related programs. PMID- 807507 TI - Group discussions: a therapeutic tool in a chronic diseases hospital. PMID- 807505 TI - Host-pathogen interactions in scrapie. AB - There are many strains of the agent which causes scrapie and these can be used singly or given as mixed infections to investigate the ways in which agent and host control mechanisms interact during the pathogenesis of the disease. Two genes in mice are described; one only affects the kinetics of the disease when extraneural injections are used, the other acts irrespective of the route of injection and it is suggested that it determines the structure of a multimeric agent-replication site, the number of such subcellular sites in the body being strictly limited.--Different agent strain/host genotype combinations give such a wide range of results that conventional quantitative analysis can yield little of predictive genetical value unless the major biological variables in host and agent can be specified. PMID- 807508 TI - [Proceedings: Parental hyperalimentation and chemotherapy in patients with recurrent stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 807509 TI - [Logos in science--impression on an article on parenteral hyperalimentation]. PMID- 807510 TI - Regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretory process by insulin in vivo. AB - The three major phases in the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas (synthesis, intracellular transport, zymogen discharge) have been tested in vitro after changing circulating insulin levels in rats in vivo. One group of rats received a continuous infusion of glucose for periods up to 72 hours, which keeps blood glucose levels above 200 mg/100 ml and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) raised to 130 muU/ml. As a result of this treatment, amylase content in the pancreas increases by 25% while chymotrypsinogen and lipase show a comparable decrease. The rate of total protein synthesis increased by 40% after 48 hours of infusion. The basal and carbamylcholine stimulated discharge of newly synthesized proteins are not altered. The baseline discharge of amylase is increased significantly, while the discharge of lipase and chymotrypsinogen decreased below control levels. Similar results are obtained, if circulating insulin levels are raised by the application of glibenblamide (HB419) for a period of 24 hours. Protein synthesis increases by 26.5% and baseline discharge of amylase by 50%. In chronic alloxan diabetic animals the alteration of the exocrine pancreatic function depends on the severity of the diabetes and relates to circulating insulin levels. Animals with highest blood glucose levels and low or undetectable insulin concentrations show a disappearance of amylase from the exocrine pancreas and a depression of the rate of protein synthesis by 30%. The results suggest a direct effect of insulin on protein biosynthesis and zymogen discharge, most pronounced for amylase. PMID- 807511 TI - Serum growth hormone responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 807512 TI - Unimpaired prolactin response to teat stimulation during diminished response to continuous infusion of TRH. PMID- 807513 TI - Colorado: The impact of redeployment of funds on a model state hospital. AB - The development of the Fort Logan Mental Health Center, which opened in Denver in 1961, was strongly influenced by recommendations of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. It becomes an innovative, award-winning facility for state-funded, long-term care of patients with the major mental illnesses. Within the past two years, however, funds have been redeployed from the hospital to community resources, hospital services have been cut back, and there is a possibility that the hospital may be forced to conform to the classical state hospital model. The director of the center gives a chronological description of the transition. PMID- 807514 TI - California: Sacramento County's experience with community care. AB - Since 1969 treatment of the mentally ill in California has shifted from the use of large state institutions to reliance on community-based programs. The author describes the shift, the legislation precipitating it, and the public controversy surrounding the closing of state mental hospitals. The Sacramento County Mental Health Services handled the change to community care by contracting with the School of Medicine of the University of California at Davis to provide the necessary leadership and service programs; a crisis intervention approach was used. PMID- 807515 TI - Constipated plasma cells associated with monomeric macroglobulinemia. AB - Low molecular weight macroglobulinemia was observed in a patient with chronic pulmonary infection. An enlarged cervical lymph node contained many abnormal plasma cells, which were distended with immunoglobulin; this material appeared to be released into lymph spaces when the cells burst. The macroglobulin production is considered to be a non-neoplastic reactive immune response to the pulmonary infection. It is postulated that the association of constipated plasma cells and 7s-IgM can best be explained as an acquired defect in macroglobulin polymerization. PMID- 807516 TI - Population and family studies on carbonic anhydrase II polymorphism in Gambia, West Africa. AB - 614 individuals from the village of Keneba in Gambia (West Africa) have been typed for red cell Carbonic Anhydrase II using cellulose acetate electrophoresis followed by detection of the enzyme with the fluorogenic substrate fluorescein diacetate. Three phenotypes were found; 479 CAII 1 (80.94%), 107 CAII 2-1 (17.43%), and 10 CAII 2 (1.63%). The gene frequencies of the 2 autosomal alleles responsible for the electrophoretically distinguishable polymorphism were CAII 1 0.897 and CAII 2 0.103. A study of 72 families confirmed the simple Menedelian co dominant inheritance. PMID- 807517 TI - Genetic variation of red cell nucleoside phosphorylase in primates. PMID- 807518 TI - Stimulation of IgG antibody formation by sublethal irradiation during persistently repeated immunization with Brucella abortas. AB - Whole-body irradiation with 600 rads 8 or 10 days after the beginning of persistently repeated Brucella abortus immunization in the rabbit produces little change in the response. By contrast, irradiation with the same dose 2, 4 or 6 days after the beginning of repeated immunization stimulates the IgG response. This effect is explained by a repopulation of antigen-sensitive cells from precursor cells to a higher level than that previous to irradiation. In order to explain IgG stimulation, three main possibilities are considered. a) a T cell dependent mechanism, consequent on a higher radioresistance of T than of B cells, or on a faster and more extensive repopulation by T cells; b) another T cell dependent mechanism due to a greater radiosensitivity of the suppressor or inhibitory T-cell subpopulation, with the result of a predominance in the T cell population that helps IgG formation; c) a mechanism depending on antigen presence during the repopulation of antigen-sensitive cells from the precursor cells, according to previously obtained data suggesting the necessity for the persistence of a certain level of antigen for IgG formation PMID- 807519 TI - Immunological response to glomerular basement membrane and streptococcal antigensin immunized rabbits. AB - Cellular and humoral responses were ivestigated following human glomerular basement membrane a-d streptococcol Type 12 membrane injections in rabbits. Using the leucocyte migration inhibition test and double diffusion in agar gel, cross-reactivity between the antigens was evident, though neither antigen induced significant proteinuria or nephritis in the dosages given. PMID- 807520 TI - The effect of enzyme digestions on the activity of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (EFC-A). AB - Preparations of ECF-A derived from anaphylactic guinea-pig lung diffusates were subjected to a variety of enzymatic degradations. The enzymes employed had specificityonly for their appropiate subtstates. No effect was found following treatmentwith relatively high doses of trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, pronase, alkaline phosphataseand sialidase. In contrast a loss of activity was demonstated in a dose-dependent fashion following incubation with tyrosinase, aryl sulphatase and leucine aminopeptidase, suggesting that ECF-A contains a phenolic hydroxyl group, a sulphate ester anda peptide linkage with a free alpha amino group. PMID- 807521 TI - Simple and effective method for selecting protein A-dificient mutants by consedimentation with sensitized sheep erythrocytes. AB - An effective slection method for protein A-deficient mutants was devised by means of cosedimentation with sensitized sheep erythrocytes and anti-protein A serum agar plates. Hitherto, two types of mutants have been successfully isolated by this method. One was deficient in both cell-bound protein A and soluble protein A. The other seems to release extracellularly soluble protein A but does not possess cell-bound protein A. Spontaneous mutants of the former type were contained in the culture of Staphylococcus aureus 248betaH in a concentration of approximately 10-minus-5, which is ten times as much as the latter. Repeated cosedimentation procedure greatly increased the efficiency of isolation of the mutants. As a result, a majority of the bacterial cells remaining in the final supernatant after three cosedimentation procedures were of the two mutant types. Details of the method as well as some preliminary results are described. PMID- 807522 TI - o-Diphenoloxidase of Mycobacterium leprae separated from infecected armadillo tissues. AB - We reported earlier the occurrence of a unique o-diphenoloxidase in Mycobacterium leprae recovered from lepromatous human tissues. No other source of M. leprae fro biochemical studies was available at the time. In the present report, properties of phenoloxidase in M. leprae separated from infected armadillo tissues are presented. The results show that the o-diphenoloxidase remains unaltered in the passage of the bacilli from the human to the the animal host, indicating that the enzyme is an intrinsic characteristic of the leprosy bacteria. PMID- 807523 TI - Synthesis and excretion of glycerol teichoic acid during growth of two streptococcal species. AB - Examination of both supernatant culture medium and cell pellets after exponential and stationary-phase growth of Streptococcus mutans strain FA-1 and Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 (S. faecium) showed the presence of [ 3H]glycerol-labeled material that possessed several of the properties of glycerol teichoic acid. In the supernatant medium of S. mutans FA-1, an apparently large molecular-size material, which eluted from agarose columns with the Kd value expected of a lipoteichoic acid, was observed. Large amounts of this material were present in supernatants during the stationary phase. In contrast, with S. faecalis only an apparently lower-molecular-weight form, with a Kd consistent with deacylated glycerol teichoic acid, was found in the growth medium. Both organisms had high-molecular-weight lipoteichoic acid in the cells along with the deacylated glycerol teichoic acid. The presence of relatively large amounts of glycerol teichoic acids in the medium was considered to be a result of excretion of these compounds rather than a result of cellular lysis. PMID- 807524 TI - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by normal mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Although Staphylococcus aureus is incapable of intracellular multiplication in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, it is killed at a much slower rate than the avirulent Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition to the presence of capsular material which inhibits phagocytosis of specific strains of S. aureus, the data show that a number of cellular and environmental factors affect the functional capacities of mononuclear phagocytic cells. The data obtained by varying the initial level of infection indicate that the number of ingested bacteria may subsequently alter the kinetics of intracellular killing. In vitro maturation of macrophages in culture was also found to exert a pronounced effect on the kinetics of bacterial death. PMID- 807525 TI - Serological studies of actionomyces israelii by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: standard antigen-antibody system for A. israelii. AB - Standard preparations of crude cytoplasmic and whole cell-associated antigen mixtures of Actinomyces israelii were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), with a standard polyvalent antiserum comprising purified and concentrated immunoglobulin G antibodies to formolized whole cells of A. israelii serotypes 1 and 2. The standard antigens provided four antigen-antibody systems for A. israelii. The immunoprecipitation patterns of the system were compared, and the immunochemical characteristics of individual precipitates were analyzed. Each system contained specific precipitates, but also one or two precipitates which were immunochemically identical to precipitates of the other systems. The standard system for A. israelii based on cytoplasmic antigens was best reproducible and revealed the highest number of immunoprecipitates. These precipitates possessed immunochemical properties which made them suitable for CIE studies. The cytoplasmic antigen mixture of A. israelii was, therefore, adopted as the most suitable for further development of a crossed immunoelectrophoretic system for A. israelii. In subsequent assays the cytoplasmic antigen mixture was raised in rabbit against cell lysates of A. israelii, serotypes 1 and 2. A standard antigen-antibody system for A. israelii was obtained which revealed an immunoprecipitation pattern of 10 distinguishable precipitates. The resolving power and separation by CIE of this standard system for A. israelii was compared with that of crossed immunoelectrofocusing. The results suggest that these methods supplement each other. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing appeared to be a useful tool for separation of specific components of the protein-antigen complex of A. israelii for analytic serology. The CIE in conjunction with a standard reference antigen-antibody system for A. israelii based on cytoplasmic antigens offers great potentialities in diagnostic A. israelii serology. PMID- 807526 TI - Listeria monocytogenes infection in nude mice. AB - As compared to phenotypically normal (nu/+)NMRI mice showing the typical course of an experimental listeric infection, that of congenitally hypothymic (nude, nu/nu)NMRI mice was found to be characterized from the outset bya chronic trend. During the early phase of the infection, significantly reduced numbers of Listeria monocytogenes were observed in the spleens of nude mice. PMID- 807527 TI - Effect of disodium cromoglycate on lymphocyte response to antigen and mitogen. AB - The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the three following in vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity has been studied: (1) Transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation by an antigen, purified protein derivative and a mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin; (2) release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and (3) cytotoxic factor production, from these stimulated lymphocytes. At two non-toxic concentrations DSCG did not inhibit these three lymphocyte functions. These results suggest that DSCG's clinical effectiveness does not depend upon modulating cell-mediated immune response. The implications of these findings in relation to present concepts of the cellular action of DSCG and the intracellular control of the initiation of lymphocyte transformation are discussed. PMID- 807528 TI - Spontaneous rosette-forming cells in the chicken. Tissue distribution, binding characteristics and bursa dependency. AB - The frequency and binding characteristics of cells spontaneously forming rosettes (RFC) with rabbit erythrocytes (RRBC) and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in different tissues of 6-week-old chickens were studied. RFC were most frequent in the bursa of Fabricius, followed in order by the spleenpquent than SRBC-RFC. The number of erythrocytes (RBC) bound by each RFC was also determined. The mean binding capacity of the RFC for either RRBC or SRBC did not differ between the different tissues. The distribution of the RFC into classes binding different numbers of RRBC was similar for all analysed tissues. Howeverthe corresponding distribution for the SRBC-RFC was considerably more heterogeneous. Embryonic surgical (S-Bx) or cyclophosphamide (Cy-Bx) induced bursectomy much reduced the frequencies of RFC binding SRBC in the spleen. The frequency of RRBC-RFC was not altered by these procedures. S-Bx reduced the frequency of spleen RFC binding lightly but not heavily trinitrophenyl-haptenized (TNP) SRBC, whereas Cy-Bx reduced the frequency of the latter RFC type. PMID- 807529 TI - Structure and biological functions of human IgD. IV. Ontogeny of human serum immunoglobulin D(IgD) as related to IgG, IgA and IgM. AB - The ontogeny of serum IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in 312 members of a southern United States population was studied. Circulating IgD was found in all adolescents and in 97% of the adults tested. IgD levels increased until adult life. Females had statistically significantly higher levels of Igtd than did the males of their respective age groups. The children investigated showed an accelerated development of adult levels of all immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, IgM and IgD. These departures from previously reported norms emphasize the importance of regional variability and demonstrate the necessity for characterizing local patterns of humoral immunologic development. Our total lack of knowledge concerning the biological function of IgD could be corrected if more laboratories would measure IgD as part of their routine immunoglobulin screening programs. PMID- 807530 TI - Studies on an immunologic method for the diagnosis of varicose veins. AB - A glycoprotein fraction was isolated from varicose veins by a successive extraction procedure. Antibodies to this fraction were shown to exist in the serum of persons suffering from varicose veins. The pathology of this illness is discussed in relation to the autoimmune reaction, and the basis for a method for the early diagnosis of varicose veins is proposed. PMID- 807531 TI - Seasonal variation of induction of contact sensitivity and of lymph node T lymphocytes in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs sensitized with dinotrophenyl thiocyanate in complete Freund's adjuvant from November to February developed markedly lower contact sensitivity than animals sensitized during the rest of the year. The percentage of T cell rosettes (lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes with normal rabbit red cells) was concomitantly reduced in the lymph nodes but not in thymus or bone marrow during the winter months. PMID- 807532 TI - Prostaglandins as mediators of sustained inflammation in the skin. PMID- 807533 TI - Antiviral drugs and corneal wound healing. AB - Using a previously described well standardized wound strength model, the fate of different antiviral drugs from corneal wound healing was evaluated. While 1.0 per cent trifluorothymidine and 0.1 per cent cytosine arabinoside were found to cause a significant delay of central corneal wounds, 0.1 per cent idoxuridine (IDU), three drops four times a day for twelve days, resulted in no significant delay in the healing strength of central corneal wounds. PMID- 807535 TI - On the "dissolution" of respirable PuO2 particles. PMID- 807534 TI - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma and organ manifestations]. PMID- 807536 TI - Strontium absorption through damaged and undamaged human skin. PMID- 807537 TI - Multiple bronchopulmonary lavages for the removal of 144Ce in fused clay particles from beagle dog lungs. PMID- 807539 TI - Empty sella syndrome in a boy with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux Lamy). AB - An 11-year-old boy with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI is presented. Because of optic atrophy, a pneumencephalogram was performed which revealed a relatively large hydrocephalus internus and a very wide, empty sella that filled with air. A Spitz-Holter valve was inserted into a lateral ventricle. STH, TSH, and cortisol response to stress, and thyroid function were normal. LH and prolactin were measurable but close to the lower normal limit. Prolactin did not rise during surgical stress. Those analyses, together with the clinical aspect, rule out severe pituitary malfunction. PMID- 807538 TI - Effect of time post-exposure on the effectiveness of bronchopulmonary lavage in removing inhaled 144Ce in fused clay from beagle dogs. PMID- 807540 TI - Biochemical screening for mucopolysaccharidosis, mucolipidosis and oligosaccharidosis. AB - A reliable methodology has been devised for the screening of mucopolysaccharidosis, mucolipidosis and oligosaccharidosis. 140 individual cases have been studied; this convinced us of the diagnostic value of this screening program. PMID- 807541 TI - D-Glucaric acid excretion in newborns with severe jaundice of unknown etiology and due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Greece. AB - The urinary D-glucaric acid of 86 full-term newborns was determined on the 10th day of life. Of these, 28 had jaundice due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, 24 jaundice of unknown etiology and 18 Rhesus incompatibility. Practically all the cases of the first two groups had a greatly decreased D-glucaric acid excretion whereas this was not a constant finding in the 18 cases with Rh-incompatibility. Normal values were found in 16 healthy controls of the same age. These findings suggest that in severe neonatal jaundice due to G-6-PD deficiency and in jaundice of unknown etiology, there is a greatly reduced excretion of endogenously formed D-glucaric acid, due probably to decreased activity of liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucuronic acid. This defect probably contributes to the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in these newborns. PMID- 807543 TI - Osseous metaplasia of the spinal dura mater in a Great Dane. AB - A 4-year-old male Great Dane with a history of progressive ataxia and associated bilateral atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder was found to have severe osseous metaplasia of the spinal dura mater. These dural ossifications were directly associated with underlying spinal cord degeneration. No other condition could be identified that would account for the pathologic changes in the spinal cord. The lower motor neuron (LMN) type weakness was in contrast to the upper motor neuron (UMN) type weakness said to occur with this disease and recently reported to be due to primary degenerative myelopathy. PMID- 807542 TI - Immunochemical studies of the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. I. The use and value of peroxidase-conjugated antibody techniques for the localization of gastrin-containing cells in the human pyloric antrum. AB - This paper describes and immunochemical localization of gastrin-containing endocrine cells in the human pyloric antrum using antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. With pre-fixed cryostat sections, a distinct clear-cut staining of gastrin-containing cells can be obtained either by direct or indirect single stain procedures, but may cells containing endogenous peroxidase activity also stain. In order to abolish staining due to endogenous peroxidase, sections were pretreated with a number of inhibitors prior to incubation in immune sera, but the inhibitors used appeared to interfere with the antigenicity of the gastrin molecule since subsequent immunochemical localization was impossible. The application of a double-staining technique, however, allowed us to distinguish easily between those cells which contained endogenous peroxidase and those on to which labelled antibody had been adsorbed. No labelled cells were found in post fixed cryostat sections of fresh-frozen tissue. The technique is of value because preparations are permanent, a fluorescence microscope is not required, and the same technique can be adapted for use with the electron microscope. PMID- 807544 TI - Letter: EIA test not new. PMID- 807545 TI - Lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. II. Isolation, chemical, biological and biochemical characterization. AB - Lipiarmycin, a metabolite of Actinoplanes deccanensis nov. sp. (PARENTI et al.), has been isolated in pure form. It has a molecular formula C52 CONGRUENT TO 54H74 CONGRUENT TO 76Cl2O19, (M.W. = 1,073 CONGRUENT TO 1,099). From its chemical and physico-chemical characteristics, lipiarmycin can be considered a new antibiotic. Lipiarmycin is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to the medically important antibiotics and protects mice experimentally infected with Streptococcus haemolyticus. Liparmycin inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria by interfering with RNA synthesis. PMID- 807546 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms 142. A new antibiotic derinamycin, inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis. AB - Derinamycin was isolated from the myecelium of Streptomyces venezuelae Tu 1102 and its molecular formula was tentatively assigned as C51H93NO23. The antibiotic inhibits the growth of fungi, gram-positive bacteria and certain gram-negative bacteria but is less acitve against yeasts. A study of derinamycin action on the macromolecular synthesis of intact Bacillus subtilis revealed that the antibiotic suppressed DNA and RNA syntheses but that protein synthesis was less affected. Derinamycin exerted no selective inhibition between DNA and RNA syntheses in the double-isotope experiment used to assess the relative effects of the antibiotic. PMID- 807547 TI - A new parenteral cephalosporin, SK&F 59962: 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3-(1 methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. Chemistry and structure activity relationships. AB - The synthesis, microbiological profile and in vivo effectiveness in laboratory animals of a series of cephalosporins having 7-acyl substituents derived from methylthioacetic acid are described. Structure-activity relationships examined include the effect of oxidation of the side-chain sulfur atom, replacement of the (side-chain) methyl hydrogens by fluorine and replacement of the 3-acetoxy substituent by thioheterocycles. One derivative, 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3 (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (SK&F 59962), was found to have outstanding antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 807548 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 6'-N-alkyl derivatives of 1-N-[(S)-4 amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-kanamycin. PMID- 807550 TI - Lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes III. Mechanism of action. AB - In vivo, at low concentrations (less than or equal to 1 mug/ml), the antibiotic lipiarmycin specifically inhibits RNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. At a much higher concentration (100 mug/ml), syntheses of other macromolecules such as DNA and protein also appear to be suppressed. In vitro, the antibiotic caused 50% inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase from B. subtilis at a concentration of 0.6 mug/ml and of that E. coli at 5 approximately 8 mug/ml. The activity of Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase I is inhibited 50% at 55 approximately 65 mug/ml. Lipiarmycin prevent ribonucleoside triphosphate polymerization only if added prior to the association between RNA-polymerase and DNA, and does not affect the elongation rate of RNA chains at concentrations up to 100 mug/ml. At that concentration, however, the antibiotic immediately blocks the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates catalyzed by DNA-polymerase I. PMID- 807549 TI - Naphthyridinomycin, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. AB - A new antibiotic, naphthyridinomycin, was isolated in crystalline form from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces lusitanus AY B-1026. The antibiotic is active against a large number of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and inactive against Candida albicans, Trichophyton granulosum and Microsporum gypseum. The antibiotic is toxic in mice. PMID- 807551 TI - Estimation of body fat in rats by whole-body counting. AB - A method for determining body fat in vivo in rats by whole-body counting of 40K is described. The technique utilizes a Nuclear Chicago Corporation TOBOR system with 5-in thallium-activated sodium iodide crystals. To test the method a regression equation was developed using the 40K counts and body weight of young adult rats weighing 333-788 g; the results were compared with those obtained from the gravimetric determination of fat in the carcass. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.945. PMID- 807552 TI - Photochemical technique for the elimination of chlorinated aromatic interferences in the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis for chlorinated paraffins. AB - A method is described for eliminating chlorinated aromatic interferences in the analysis for the more volatile chlorinated paraffins. Sample extracts are irradiated in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents with high intensity ultraviolet light prior to detection of the chlorinated paraffin by microcoulometric gas liquid chromatography. Chlorinated aromatic and unsaturated materials, including DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls, are selectively degraded to compounds containing little or no chlorine. Cycloaliphatic pesticides such as toxaphene, chlordane, and mirex are only partially degraded. Analysis of fish fillets fortified with 1 and 5 ppm of a chlorinated paraffin gave recoveries greater than 90%. PMID- 807553 TI - Genetic mapping of sporulation operons in Bacillus subtilis using a thermosensitive sporulation mutant. AB - A thermosensitive sporulation mutant was used to determine the order of sporulation operonsin the urs region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Data from three-factor transformation crosses and three- and four-factor transduction crosses established the order metC-SPO-96(SpoII)-spo-85(SpoV)-spo-279(SpoII)-furA ura-cysC-spo-NG1.67(SpoIII). Previously, furA was thought to lie to the right of ura and cysC to the left (Dubnau, 1970; Young and Wilson, 1972). PMID- 807555 TI - Gas vesicle assembly in Microcyclus aquaticus. AB - When observed in the electron microscope intact gas vesicles appeared as transparent areas in whole cells of Microcylus aquaticus, whereas vesicles collapsed by centrifugation were not discernible. Within 5 min of suspending cells containing collapsed vesicles in growth medium, small transparent vesicles were detected. By 15 min the average number of vesicles per cell was 15. This number remained relatively constant while the size of the vesicles increased until they attained their maximum diamtere of 100 nm. At this time the vesicles, interpreted as biconical structures, began to elongate presumably due to the synthesis of the cylindrical midsection. Closely correlated with the time at which vesicles began to elongate was the initiation of smaller vesicles which resulted in a doubling of the number of vesicles per cell by 90 min. This evidence coupled with the isolation of a mutant which assembles only the conical portions of the vesicle suggests that assembly occurs in two distinct stages subject to genetic mutation. Protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis, and presumably adenosine triphosphate formation, were required for gas vesicle assembly. In addition, inhibition of protein or ribonucleic acid synthesis resulted in a loss of extant gas vesicles. Over the time course of our study, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was not required for gas vesicle assembly or stability. PMID- 807554 TI - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Two different sizes of circular covalently closed deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids have been identified in four independent clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. All four strains contained a small plasmid with a molecular weight of 2.8 X 10-6 and two of the four stains also contained a large plasmid with a molecular weight of 24.5 X 10-6. The avirulent derivative of each of these four strains had the same plasmid complement as its virulent parent. There was no correlation between the presence of these plasmids and antibiotic resistance, piliation, and colony type associated with virulence, or ability to grow without seven specific amino acid supplements. PMID- 807557 TI - Rifampin resistance mutation of Bacillus subtilis altering the electrophoretic mobility of the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase. AB - The rifampin-resistance mutation of LS3,an asporogenous mutant of Bacillus subtilis 3610, leads to altered mobility of the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. This finding argues that the rifampin-resistance mutation is located in the structural gene coding for the beta polypeptide. PMID- 807556 TI - Cellular localization of lipoteichoic acid in Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The release of lipoteichoic acid and mesosomal vesicles to the supernatant buffer during the formation of spherical, osmotically fragile bodies was studied using Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790. Autolytic N-acetylmuramidase action was permitted to take place in exponential-phase cells incubated in a buffer which provides an exceptional degree of osmotic stabilization. Both lipoteichoic acid and mesosomal vesicles were relatively rapidly released to the supernatant buffer. Most of the cellular content of lipoteichoic acid (and mesosomal vesicles) was found in the supernatant buffer at incubation times when the cells still retained over 75% of their cell wall. [14-C]- or [3-H]glycerol was used as a label for both cellular lipoteichoic acids and lipid-glycerol. Glycerol in lipoteichoic acid was quantitated after phenol-water and chloroform-methanol treatments and identified by products of acid hydrolysis and its ability to be precipitated by (i) antibodies specific for the polyglycerol-phosphate backbone, (ii) antibodies to the streptococcal group D antigen, and (iii) concanavalin A. Evidence was obtained that lipoteichoic acid was not associated with isolated mesosomal vesicles. Centrifugation of supernates at 200,000 X g sedimented membranous (mesosomal) vesicles and nearly all of the lipid-glycerol present, whereas essentially all of the lipoteichoic acid remained in the supernatant. The sedimented mesosomal vesicles differed from protoplast membrane in their higher lipid-phosphorus to protein ratio and in the absence of detectable levels of two enzymatic activities found in protoplast membranes, adenosine triphosphatase and polynucleotide phosphorylase. Both types of membranes were found to contain DD carboxypeptidase and LD-transpeptidase activities at nearly the same specific activities. No evidence was obtained for the association of autolytic N acetylmuramidase activity with either type of membrane preparation. PMID- 807558 TI - Control of Extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase activity in a basidiomycete species. AB - The basidiomycete QM 806 excreted large amounts of beta-1,3-glucanase into the culture medium. Synthesis and excretion of the enzyme were triggered by a critically low concentration of carbon source. The extracellular beta-1,3 glucanase exhibited a remarkable stability. Addition of glucose or other carbon sources to a culture after consumption of the initial carbon source led to an inactivation of the extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase by an inactivating system, which could be separated from the cells. The inactivation of beta-1,3-glucanse was prevented by cycloheximide. This indicates the necessity of active protein synthesis for the inactivation process but does not prove that the inactivating system itself is a protein. Marked changes in the electrophoretic mobility and immunological properties of beta-1,3-glucanase indicate rather profound alterations of the enzyme protein in the course of inactivation. PMID- 807559 TI - Facilitated transport of calcium by cells and subcellular membranes of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. AB - The level of calcium in growing cells is lower than that in the growth medium. Non-energy-dependent uptake of 45-Ca by log-phase cells of Bacillus subtilis occurs under two conditions: at 0 C or in the presence of m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrazone. Similar uptake, but quantitatively less, occurs with Escherichia coli cells under the same conditions. Membrane vesicles prepared from B. subtilis or E. coli accumulate 45-Ca by a process that does not depend on added energy sources and is not inhibited by the respiratory poison cyanide. The properties of calcium transport in all cases is consistent with carrier-mediated, facilitated transport with specificity Ca-2+ greater than Sr-2+ greater than Mn 2+ greater than Mg-2+. Upon transfer of cells from 0 C to 20 C, pre-accumulated 45-Ca is released. Heat-killed cells do not accumulate 45-Ca and calcium is released by cells upon addition of toluene (under conditions that do not cause visible lysis). These results suggest that the facilitated uptake of calcium may be utilizing a transport system that normally is responsible for the energy dependent excretion of calcium from the cells. PMID- 807560 TI - Evidence for the Translocation of a Chromosome Sement in Bacillus subtilis Strains Carrying the trpE26 Mutation. AB - The replication order of markers was studied in Bacillus subtilis strains bearing the trpE26 mutation by the use of the density transfer technique. An important difference in this order was observed in comparison with that of strain 168 T-. All markers tested of a chromosome segment extending from trpD to ilvA replicated early, after purB6 and before thr-5. Two markers flanking this region, trpE8 and citK7, replicated late as usual. The results suggested that this segment was shifted in trpE26 strains to a region closer to the origin of replication. PBS-1 mediated transduction crosses corroborated this hypothesis and revealed the position of the translocated segment. (i) Linkage was demonstrated for markers in the segment (hisH2, tryA1, met B3, ilvA2) to thr-5 and ald; (ii) aroB2 and citK7 were found to be linked; and (iii) linkage of cysB3 to thr-5 was lost in trpE26 strains. These findings made it possible to account for the characteristics of the trpE26 mutation and to propose a model explaining the fact that all trpE26+ transformants or transductants are merodiploid. The model calls for fusion of two genetic elements: two independent chromosomes, or two arms of a replicating structure. The resulting chromosome bears a long tandem duplication. Most of the features of this system of merodiploid formation can be interpreted by use of this model: the segregation pattern of the diploids, the stabilization of the unstable clones, and the length of the duplicated region. A relatively stable diploid strain was also studied by the density transfer technique. The data show that it remained diploid for the region corresponding to the translocated segment and are in agreement with the structure predicted by the model. PMID- 807562 TI - Germination and peptidoglycan solubilization in Bacillus megaterium spores. AB - During initiation of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spore germination, trichloroacetic acid-soluble, nondialyzable peptidoglycan fragments with an average molecular weight of 20,000 were excreted. This solubilization of peptidoglycan was measured in vitro as the amount of trichloroacetic acid-soluble hexosamine released from a suspension of broken spores. HgC12, a potent inhibitor of initiation, had no effect on the in vitro solubilization of peptidoglycan. In vivo, HgC12 had no effect on peptidoglycan release from spores that had lost heat resistance, but HgC12 did block complete absorbance loss. These results suggest that mercury inhibits some reactions that normally occur before loss in heat resistance but not the subsequent peptidoglycan release, and mercury inhibits other reactions involved with complete absorbance loss. PMID- 807561 TI - Transformation of Bacillus subtilis: transforming ability of deoxyribonucleic acid in lysates of L-forms or protoplasts. AB - The transformation of Bacillus subtilis by homologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) made available by gently lysing a stable L-form or protoplast suspension was 3 to 10-fold more efficient than DNA isolated by conventional procedures. This increased transformation was not influenced by digestion with pronase, trypsin, or ribonuclease. Preincubation of isolated DNA with L-form lysates did not increase the transformation efficiency above that achieved with untreated, isolated DNA. In addition to displaying a higher efficiency of transformation, the DNA found in these gently prepared lysates was also able to co-transform heretofore unlinked markers at frequencies in excess of those found by congression. Comparison of the frequency of multiple marker transformations to single marker events as a function of DNA dilution conclusively proves that these markers originated from the same continuous strand of DNA. PMID- 807564 TI - Passage of a membrane protein through the walls of toluene-treated Bacillus megaterium cells. AB - Based on autoradiographic and microscopic evidence, it seems likely that a membrane protein essential for peptidoglycan synthesis can be extracted from uhlysed toluene-treated Bacillus megaterium cells. Furthermore, this protein can be added back to the membrane through the wall to reconstitute peptidoglycan synthesis. Autoradiograms also show that peptidoglycan is synthesized from externally added nucleotide precursors over the entire length of the toluene treated bacterial. The amounts of peptidoglycan made is to small to be visible by thin section electron microscopy. PMID- 807563 TI - Lipid metabolism during bacterial growth, sporulation, and germination: an obligate nutritional requirement in Bacillus thuringiensis for compounds that stimulate fatty acid synthesis. AB - The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis by compounds that are required for growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated using an vivo assay developed to measure fatty acid synthesis in germinating spores. A minimal glucose-ammonium salts medium does not support growth even though previous radiorespirometric studies have shown B. thuringiensis to possess intact tricarboxylic acid and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways. Abundant growth does occur, however, when this medium is supplemented with either glutamate, aspartate, citrate, thiosulfate, cystine, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Cells held under nongrowing conditions incorporate acetate into fatty acids; fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by the compounds that permit growth. These alternate nutritional requirements are not manifestations of a vitamin or trace metal deficiency and do not reflect a chelation phenomenon. These results indicate a direct correlation between the capacity of these compounds to promote growth and to stimulate formation of fatty acids. PMID- 807565 TI - Systematic difference in the methylation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. AB - A survey of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was performed to compare the distributionof N6-methylated adenine. It was found that (i) all the gram positive strains tested, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium, contain neither N6-monomethyl adenine (m6A) nor N6-dimethyladenine (m26A) in 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). In the case of S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, strains which are clinically resistant to erythromycin contain m26A. (ii) The gram-negative strains Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae all contain m6A but not m23A in 23S rRNA. These observations suggest the existence of at least one systematic structural difference between the ribosomes of the two classes of bacteria. Because of the demonstrated relationship between N6-dimethylation of adenine in 23S rRNA and clinical resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics in staphylococci and streptococci, the observed systematic differences found in rRNA methylation combined with greater cellular permeability may be related to the relatively greater efficacy of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics in treating infections caused by gram-positive organisms. PMID- 807566 TI - Role of the tryptophan group in the action of pullulanase of Aerobacter aerogenes. AB - 1. Pullulanase [EC 3.2.1.4.] was inhibited by Hg2+, N-bromosuccinimide, 2-hydroxy 5-nitrobenzyl bromide, riboflavine 5'-phosphate, histamine, imidazole, and carbodiimide. 2. The tryptophan groups of the pullulanase were modified by N bromosuccinimede. It was found that one or two of the 25 tryptophan groups seemed to be important for the activity. 3. Studies on difference spectra using various substrates suggested that the tryptophan groups were important for the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. PMID- 807567 TI - Subunit arrangement in the extended sheath of pyocin R. AB - An optical diffraction study has been made of electron micrographs of extended sheaths of pyocin R. It has been demonstrated that the extended sheath consists of annuli of six subunits, which are arranged in a helix of 3.57 annuli per one turn. The annulus repeat in the helix direction is 35A. The dimensions and probably the helical parameters of pyocin R sheath are different from those of T4 phage tail, but a structural correlation appears to exist between the extended sheath of pyocin R and that of the phage tail. PMID- 807568 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from a protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis. Extraction and partial characterization. AB - Three peaks of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) activity were resolved when the enzyme was prepared from the isolated macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL(amicronucleate strain) and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex A25. They were eluted at around 0.05, 0.15, and 0.2 M of ammonium sulfate, and termed TIa, TIb, and TII, respectively. All three enzymes transcribed heat-denatured DNA more efficiently, especially the peak TII, detecable only when heat-denatured DNA was used as a template. Further characterization of each enzyme, after they were rechromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex, demonstrated the similarity in many respects of TIa and TIb, and the distinct nature of the TII enzyme. TIa, TIb, and TII were all insensitive to rifampicin, while only TII was substantially inhibited by alpha-amanitin. On the other hand, the activity of TII was progressively lowered by increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the assay mixture, a finding incompatible with those obtained thus far. It is concluded from the data that the Tetrahymena polymerase is of eukaryotic and not of bacterial type in spite of the findings indicating the bacterial nature of this organism. PMID- 807569 TI - Tropomyosin-like protein in chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Evidence is presented for the existence of a tropomyosin-like protein in fibroblasts from chick embryonic skin or breast muscle. PMID- 807570 TI - Interaction of deoxyuridylate with thymidylate synthetase. AB - The reaction of deoxyuridylate with Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase (methylenetetrahydrofolate: deoxyuridylate C-methyltransferase) in the absence of folate or thiols can be followed by changes in the circular dichroic spectra at 267 nm. These changes at the maximum absorption wavelength of the pyrimidine suggest that on binding the interaction of the pyrimidine ring and the deoxyribose moiety is altered. The binding curve follows the form expected for single site binding. There was no change in the ultraviolet absorption spectra. The dissociation constant of the deoxyuridylate enzyme complex was calculated to be 4 x 10-minus 7 M. Iodoacetamide also reacts stoichiometrically with one of the two subunits of thymidylate synthetase and inactivates the enzyme. This reaction is blocked by the presence of deoxyuridylate or chloromercuribenzoate. Complement fixation and immunodiffusion studies gave no indication that iodoacetamide treatment caused conformational changes or breakdown of the enzyme into subunits. Treatment with 0.1 M mercaptoethanol restored activity to one-half the value obtained with native enzyme, suggesting that mercaptoethanol enabled the unreacted subunit to become functional. PMID- 807571 TI - Polycation interactions with spinach ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase. AB - Polylysine stimulates the activity of ferredoxin-NADP reductase. The stimulation is observed with three different catalytic activities of this enzyme. The stoichiometry of interaction of polylysine and enzyme is a function of the size of the polylysine molecule. Polylysine alters the absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the enzyme with the same stoichiometry as that affecting catalytic activity. Steady state initial velocity kinetics indicates that polylysine is a noncompetitive hyperbolic activator of the enzyme and is able to prevent substrate inhibition by NADPH. In the absence of polylysine, the specific activity of the enzyme increases upon dilution, and this effect is magnified in the presence of polylysine. These results suggest that the soluble enzyme is an aggregate, and gel filtration measurements indicate a molecular weight of 85,000 for the purified enzyme, which appears to consist of two subunits. This confirms the observations of Fredricks and Gehl (FREDRICKS, W. W., AND GEHL, J. M. (1973) Fed. Proc. 32, 477). Indirect evidence is presented suggesting the enzyme is bound to a cationic region on the chloroplast membrane. PMID- 807572 TI - Biological activity and complementation of the two peptides of staphylococcal enterotoxin B formed by limited tryptic hydrolysis. AB - Tryptic hydrolysis after reduction and carboxamidomethylation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B cleaved the single susceptible bond located between the 2 half cystines of the molecule, Lys-Thr at positions 97 and 98 (Spero, L., Warren, J. R., and Metzger, J. F. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7289-7294). The product remained as a single particle but was separated into the two constituent peptides by denaturants, and purification of the two fragments was accomplished by chromatography on CM-cellulose in 8 M urea. Antigenic activity was exhibited by the separated peptides after dialysis of urea solutions against dilute buffer, but was very labile. No emetic activity in rhesus monkeys was found for either separated peptide. The derivative behaved as two random coil peptides in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride but upon removal of guanidine refolded to a single molecular entity. Viscosity and unfolding kinetics in 1.5 M guanidine indicated physical identity of the recombined peptides with the derivative prior to treatment with guanidine. Three biological measures (serological, mitogenic, and emetic activity) were also essentially unaltered for the recombined material. Since these biological activities are dependent upon different aspects of enterotoxin structure, it is concluded that the recombined derivative was restored to its original conformation. PMID- 807574 TI - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray investigation of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - P-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2) can be crystallized from 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, 39% saturated ammonium sulfate, and 1mM p hydroxybenzoate. The space group is C2221 with 8 molecules/unit cell. When p hydroxybenzoate is removed, the diffraction pattern and the cell dimensions change. PMID- 807573 TI - Purification and properties of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. AB - Glutathione peroxidase has been purified to homogeneity from human erythrocytes. The purification steps involved ammonium sulfate precipitation of hemolysate, CM cellulose (CM-52), DEAE-cellulose (DE52), Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. In the last step, i.e. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, the enzyme was eluted in a major peak and tailing fraction. The major peak was found to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and disignated as glutathione peroxidase A (GSH-Px A). The tail fraction, however, separated into two protein bands on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. One of the bands corresponded to GSH-Px A while the other band was slower moving and was designated as GSH-Px B. GSH-Px A and GSH-Px B had specific activity of 103 and 4 enzyme units per mg of protein, respectively. Antibodies raised against the homogeneous GSH-Px A have been found to cross-react with GSH-Px B. Both, GSH-Px A and B are selenoproteins. GSH-Px A has been found to contain 3.5 g atoms of selenium per mol of protein. Selenium content of GSH-Px B, however, could not be determined accurately due to insufficient material. The molecular weight of GSH Px A as determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method is 95,000 plus or minus 3,000. On urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis GSH-Px A and B dissociate into single subunits. The molecular weight of the subunits of GSH-Px A is 23,000 and that of GSH-Px B is 47,000. Thus, it appears that GSH-Px A is a tetramer. Our results suggest that GSH-Px B is probably an altered form of the major component, GSH-Px A, or its precursor. The properties of GSH-Px A have been studied. The isoelectric pH was found to be 4.9 and the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 8.5. The energy of activation was 8.2 kcal. The Km of the enzyme for GSH was 4.1 mM while the Km for t-butyl hydroperoxide was 52 mu-M. The effect of sulfhydryl reagents and the metal ions on the enzyme was also studied. PMID- 807575 TI - Human intestinal sucrase-isomaltase. Identification of free sucrase and isomaltase and cleavage of the hybrid into active distinct subunits. AB - Sucrase-isomaltase complex and its functional subunits have been identified in homogenates of human small intestinal mucosa by use of Sephadex G-200 (superfine) chromatography aided by affinity of the isomaltase moiety for the dextran gel. The isomaltase subunit binds strongly to the gel at 4 degrees, and is eluted only after 2 column volumes; earlier recovery as a sharp peak can be achieved by raising column temperature to 37 degrees after elution of other proteins. Bio-Gel P-300 chromatography, density gradient, and equilibrium centrifugation demonstrated that the sucrase subunit (Stokes radius = 45 A, frictional ratio = 1.32, s20,w = 6.9, MW = 130,000) and the isomaltase subunit (Stokes radius = 45 A, frictional ratio = 1.30, s20,w = 6.6, MW = 120,000) are similar but unequal in size. The sucrase-isomaltase complex (Stokes radius = 70 A, frictional ratio = 1.61, s20,w = 9.8, MW = 280,000), appears to be an elongated hybrid molecule that is less symmetrical than either of itt subunits. Apparent Km and pH activity curves were indistinguishable for each enzyme whether present in the hybrid or in the free state. The sucrase-isomaltase complex, accounting for approximately 90 percent of native intestinal sucrase and isomaltase activities, was isolated and cleaved by 0.01 M beta-mercaptoethanol/6 M urea treatment into active sucrase and isomaltase subunits having biochemical characteristics identical with those of the free native moieties. Sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gell electrophoresis of the complex also produced subunits having molecular weights very close to those for the active free sucrase and isomaltase moieties, indicating that each alpha-glucosidase appears to consist of a single polypeptide chain. Immunization of rabbits with pure sucrase-isomaltase complex yielded a monospecific precipitating antibody that reacted with the hybrid and the sucrase subunit, but had minimal affinity for the isomaltase subunit, providing further evidence that the sucrase-isomaltase molecule is a hybrid consisting of two distinct alpha glucosidases. PMID- 807576 TI - A quantitative analysis of metabolite fluxes along some of the pathways of intermediary metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - A detailed model of intermediary metabolism has been constructed which is consistent with all known information on the compartmental structure of metabolism in Tetrahymena, on the enzyme complement of this cell, and on the localization of the enzymes. The model allows computation of the specific activity of every carbon atom of all metabolites and thus of the flux of carbon along the major pathways of metabolism under steady state conditions. To test the model, data were required from cells grown under standard conditions and then suspended in a dilute salt solution and incubated for 1 hour in a mixture of acetate, pyruvate, hexanoate, bicarbonate, and glutamate labeled in a total of 10 positions, but with only one substrate labeled in any given flask. Twenty-seven measurements of label incorporation into CO2, lipids, glycogen, glutamate, and alanine were made, plus measurements of label distribution into fatty acid and glycerol moieties for 4 of the substrates and of oxygen consumption and of glycogenolysis, yielding 33 independent measurements. These, plus about 18 "limit" measurements which also constrain any possible solutions, were in sufficient excess of the 23 independent parameters to permit a stringent assessment of the model. Equations derived directly from the structure of the model and from the known stereochemistry of the reactions were programmed on a PDP-15 computer and values of the Qo2 and of label expected to be incorporated into the various products actually measured were computed for any given set of flux rates. A set of flux rates was found which yielded an excellent fit to the observed data. The ability to achieve a fit to the data for an overdetermined system constitutes strong support for this structural model of intermediary metabolism and the computed flux rates therefore provide a quantitative description of metabolite flow in the intact cell. Despite the redundancy of measurements relative to parameters to be determined, it was not possible to define a unique set of values for the flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, although the relationship between these fluxes is specified by the model. The analysis allows estimation of the recycling of phosphoenopyruvate through pyruvate kinase under conditions of net glyconeogenesis and an apparently futile exchange of acetyl-CoA between the inner and outer mitochondrial compartments. Carbon flow through the glyoxylate bypass under these conditions is about one-third of that through the Krebs cycle. The analysis also shows a net transport of malate from the peroxisomes to the mitochondria, consistent with the anaplerotic role of the peroxisomal glyoxylate bypass in Tetrahymena. PMID- 807577 TI - Synthesis and degradation of fructose diphosphate aldolase isoenzymes in avian brain. AB - The intraccellular proteins of animal cells are continuously turning over; therefore, the concentration of a given protein is regulated both at the level of protein synthesis and at the level of protein degradation. Studies on the relative rates of turnover of isoenzymes, such as those of aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase, may help to clarify the mechanisms involved in protein turnover. The isoenzymes and subunit types are very similar proteins, and are located within the same intracellular compartments; yet, the concentrations of these proteins are independently regulated. The present paper describes the roles of synthesis and degradation in regulating aldolase isoenzyme concentrations in avian brain... PMID- 807578 TI - Ontogeny and regulation of fructose diphosphate aldolase isoenzymes in "red" and "white" skeletal muscles of the chick. AB - The quantitative and qualitative changes in fructose-P2 aldolase isoenzyme concentrations during development of "red" (leg) and "white" (breast) skeletal muscles of the chick were investigated. (a) The aldolase C to A subunit transition associated with muscle development is accompanied by large increases in aldolase activity (units/g, wet weight) and in specific catalytic activity (units/mg of protein). The accumulations in both muscle types follow pseudo-first order kinetics with doubling times of 2 to 3 days. The steady state level of aldolase activity in breast muscle (about 150 units/g) is approximately 4-fold higher than that in leg muscle (about 40 units/g). In contrast to leg muscle, the major increase in aldolase activity in breast muscle occurs during postembryonic development. (b) Immunotitration studies demonstrated a direct correlation between increases in enzyme activity and aldolase A subunits during postembryonic muscle development. It was calculated that under steady state conditions, aldolase A4 comprises about 1 percent and 0.26 percent, respectively, of the total wet weight of breast and leg muscle. (c) regulation at the level of protein synthesis in effecting the postembryonic accumulation of aldolase A4 in the muscle types was investigated in short term amino acid incorporation experiments. After a 1-hour pulse with [3H]leucine, aldolase from breast and leg muscle was isolated in a single step by affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose. Incorporation of tritum into aldolase A4 and into soluble or total protein was compared. Between 4 and 38 days after hatching, the rate of aldolase synthesis relative to the synthesis of soluble muscle protein increased about 7- and 3 fold, respectively, in breast and leg muscle. Relative to total protein, incorporation of [3H]leucine into A4 increased about 3-fold in breast muscle, and decreased slightly in leg muscle between 5 and 25 days after hatching. By 3 weeks after hatching, incorporation of [3H]leucine into aldolase A4 relative to incorporation into total protein was about 6-fold higher in breast muscle than it was in leg muscle. The present work, as well as other recent studies, are discussed in relation to the mechanism involved in controlling tissue-specific and stage-specific levels of aldolase isoenzymes in animal cells. PMID- 807579 TI - Biosynthesis of heparin. Studies on the microsomal sulfation process. AB - Nonsulfated, partially N-deacetylated, 14C-labeled polysaccharide was formed by incubation of a mouse mastocytoma microsomal fraction with UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. After 60 min at 37 degrees the incorporation of radioactivity was interrupted, and sulfation was initiated, by the addition of unlabeled UDP-glucuronic acid and 3-phosphoadenylylsulfate, respectively. After varying periods of incubation with the nucleotide sulfate, polysaccharide was isolated and analyzed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. During incubation with 3-phosphoadenylylsulfate, sulfated 14C-polysaccharides were formed, while the nonsulfated 14C-polysaccharide was eliminated, each type of component retaining the same elution position throughout the entire sulfation period (60 min). No accumulation of low sulfated material was observed. Fully sulfated heparin was detected after only 0.5 min of sulfation. These results suggest that the sulfation of heparin is a rapid process, involving a limited number of polysaccharide molecules at a time. Besides heparin-like products, having both N- and O-sulfate groups, and [14C]iduronic acid as predominant uronic acid constituent, an additional sulfated component was detected, having N-sulfate but no O-sulfate groups. This novel polysaccharide contained [14C]glucuronic acid but little or no [14C]iduronic acid. Previous studies have shown that L-iduronic acid residues in heparin are formed by C-5 inversion of D-glucuronic acid units, previously incorporated into the polymer; the inversion reaction requires concomitant sulfation of the polymer. The present results demonstrate that the formation of iduronic acid residues is related to the sulfation of hydroxyl groups. Pulse-chase experiments with 3-phosphoadenylyl[35S]sulfate indicated that the N-sulfated polymer, lacking O-sulfate groups, could be converted into heparin like products by further sulfation of hydroxyl groups only. The biosynthesis of heparin may thus involve a pathway, in which the formation of N-sulfated intermediates precedes the introduction of O-sulfate groups. PMID- 807580 TI - Isolation of bacterial and phage proteins by homopolymer RNA-cellulose chromatography. AB - Nucleic acid-free extracts of Escherichia coli have been analyzed by chromatography on columns of cellulose, to which poly(A), poly(U), or poly(C) have been attached by ultraviolet irradiation. Proteins are released from the columns by stepwise elution with increasingly higher concentrations of salt, followed by washing with urea to remove very tightly bound molecules. The pattern of protein elution is reproducibly different for each of the homopolymer RNA cellulose columns used: some proteins bind very tightly to one column, but poorly to others. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, by immunological cross-reactivity in double diffusion tests, and by enzymological assays, has allowed the identification of a number of these proteins. The RNA polymerase core enzyme binds to poly(C)- and to poly(U) cellulose columns, and can be purified to 20 to 30 percent homogeneity in a single step. Ribosomal protein S1 and the termination factor rho bind very tightly to poly(C)-cellulose, and both can be purified to homogeneity rapidly, in much higher yields than previously reported. Poly(A)-cellulose chromatography allows the isolation of large amounts of an 80,000 molecular weight protein having an as yet unassigned cellular function. The host factor required for RNA phage Qbeta RNA replication in vitro can also be obtained from poly(A)-cellulose, and chromatography of extracts of phage Qbeta-infected E. coli on RNA-cellulose columns results in very rapid isolation of the Qbeta replicase enzyme. Homopolymer RNA-cellulose chromatography thus appears to be a simple, general technique, useful for the efficient isolation of a variety of RNA-binding proteins. PMID- 807581 TI - Amino acid sequence of a vitamin K-dependent Ca2+-binding peptide from bovine prothrombin. AB - The amino acid sequence of a 31-residue peptide from bovine prothrombin has been determined. This peptide has been shown to contain the vitamin K-dependent modification required for Ca2+ binding (Nelsestuen, G. L., and Suttie, J. W. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 70, 3366-3370) and the modified amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Nelsestuen, G. L., Zytkovicz, T., and Howard, J. B. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6347-6350). The peptide was shown to correspond to residues 12 to 42 of prothrombin. PMID- 807582 TI - The influence of musculature on the mechanical impedance of the human ulna, an in vivo simulated study. PMID- 807583 TI - Carpal and tarsal osteolysis. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 807584 TI - Malignant schwannoma of the medial plantar branch of the posterior tibial nerve (unassociated with von Recklinghausen's disease). A case report. PMID- 807585 TI - Calcium regulation of the contractile state of isolated mammalian fibroblast cytoplasm. AB - Calcium-dependent contractions have been induced in fresh, naked cytoplasm of L 929 fibroblasts using physiological solutions (rigor, relaxing and contracting) similar to those designed to control the contractile state of vertebrate striated muscle. Free access of solutions to the cytoplasm was achieved by popping and stripping the plasma membrane from cells using 7-10 strokes of a Dounce homogenizer. Contracting solution (free Ca2+ 7 X 10(-5) M; with added MgATP) applied locally from a micropipette to cells popped in rigor (free Ca2+ less than 10(-8) M) or relaxing (free Ca2+ less than 10(-8) M; with added MgATP) solutions induced symmetrical contractions of unstretched cytoplasm and directional shortening of stretched cytoplasm. The contractions produced 12-18% shortenings and were complete in 1-3 s. The cytoplasm could be cycled repeatedly through the contracted state from the relaxed state. Exogenous MgATP was required for the Ca2+-dependent contractions. At low free Ca2+ concentrations (less than 10(-8) M), MgATP had a marked plasticizing effect on the cytoplasm. Thus cytoplasm prepared in relaxing solution was less cohesive and more easily deformed than cytoplasm prepared in rigor solution. When induced to contract, relaxed cytoplasm showed a loss of plasticity. Using this criterion, the threshold concentration of free Ca2+ for contraction was determined to lie between 7 X 10(-8) M and 5 X 10( 7) M. PMID- 807587 TI - Fine structure of the haplosporidan Kernstab, a persistent, intranuclear mitotic apparatus. AB - The fine structure of the haplosporidan mitotic apparatus is described from observations of plasmodial nuclei of Minchinia nelsoni, M. costalis, Minchinia sp., and Urosporidium crescens. The apparatus, which is the Kernstab of light microscope studies, consists of a bundle of microtubules terminating in a spindle pole body (SPB) at each end of the bundle. A few microtubules extend from SPB to SPB, but most either extend from an SPB and terminate in the nucleoplasm or lie in the nucleoplasm, free of either SPB. The bundle lengthens during mitosis, increasing the SPB-to-SPB distance by a factor of 2 to 3 as compared to interphase nuclei. SPBs are not in contact with the nuclear envelope, being found always in the nucleoplasm which is delimited by the nuclear envelope throughout mitosis. The mitotic apparatus is persistent through interphase, at least in a form which is not significantly different from that found in mitotic nuclei. PMID- 807588 TI - [Enteral reanimation using a slow continuous flow]. PMID- 807589 TI - Possible means of improving yields in protein chromatography. PMID- 807586 TI - Ciliary granule plaques: membrane-intercalated particle aggregates associated with Ca2+-binding sites in paramecium. AB - In Paramecium nine rectangular aggregates of membrane-intercalated particles surround the freeze-cleaved membrane of the ciliary base. These "ciliary granule plaques" occur independently of the "ciliary necklace" which is observed in a more basal position on some cilia. In each individual plaque the approximately 10 nm large granules are arranged in a square grid pattern: the granules of one plaque invariably form 3 vertical rows (number of horizontally arranged particles per row: Nh = 3) and 3-6 horizontal rows (mean value fos intrahepatic tributaries then can be approached under direct vision in a relatively bloodless field for safe, accurate liquation and/or reconstruction. PMID- 807590 TI - Analytical response of polychlorinated biphenyl homologues and isomers in thin layer and gas chromatography. AB - Except for pure synthetic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), estimation methods of PCB by thin-layer and gas chromatography with electron capture detection give comparable results. Both give a good estimate of the true mass of a biologically modified residue, but where mostly hexachlorobiphenyls and above make up the residue, the estimate will be up to 50% too high. The Coulson detector does not, in our hands, yield comparable results with modified residues: the reason for this difference is not clear at present. PMID- 807591 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): Measurements in human spinal fluid. AB - Levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were quantitated in human lumbar spinal fluid (CSF) utilizing a sensitive and specific TRH radioimmunoassay. Endogenous TRH was sufficiently stable in CSF to permit 85% recovery of intact TRH after 48 h storage at 4 C. TRH levels in AM or PM samples obtained from 15 women and 12 men were easily detected in all CSF specimens. No significant difference between the TRH concentration in CSF of men and women was observed (44.2+/-6.8 and 38.1+/-6.5 pg/ml (mean+/-SE) respectively). TRH concentrations were 40.2+/-6.9 pg/ml (mean+/-SEM) in AM and 41.4+/-8.0 pg/ml in PM samples. By contrast, CSF cortisol levels obtained concurrently were twofold higher in AM than PM (0.68+/-0.08 vs 0.38+/-0.02 mug/100 ml (mean+/-SEM) respectively, P less than 0.001). These data are consistent with the possibility that a portion of the TRH in CSF can be derived from the central nervous system (CNS) and unrelated to the hypo-physiotropic control of thyrotropin (TSH) synthesis and secretion. PMID- 807592 TI - A study of thyroid stimulating activity in human serum with the highly sensitive cytochemical bioassay. AB - The cytochemical bioassay is able to detect minute amounts of thyroteopin and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Estimations of serum TSH by the cytochemical bioassay are in good agreement with values obtain by radioimmunoassay. In untreated hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease the TSH levels are significantly lower than in control subjects. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins showed a delayed time corse of action in the bioassy and this provided a voncenient method of distinguishing between the two thyroid stimulators. PMID- 807593 TI - High incidence of decreased serum triiodothyronine concentration in patients with nonthyroidal disease. AB - Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration and binding were measured in 34 clinically euthyroid patients hospitalized for a wide variety of nonthyroidal diseases. Despite clinical euthyroidism, serum T3 was in the hypothyroid range (less than 90 ng/100 ml) in 24 of the 34 patients, and the mean serum T3 of this group, 78.4 +/- 38.3 (SD), was significantly decreased from that of control, 134.0 +/- 29.3 ng/200 ml. Mean serum T4 levels were essentially the same in both groups, 7.3 +/- 2.0 for sick patients and 7.2 +/- 1.0 mug/100 ml for the controls. Plasma binding of both T4 and T3 was decreased in the patient group to 69.9 and 78% of control values, respectively. In accord with previous studies, the mean free T4 index, proportional to free T4 concentration, was significantly increased to 10.0 +/- 4.1 in the patient group (control, 7.6 +/- 1.3). However, the mean free T3 index of the patient group, 92.9 +/- 38.4 remained decreased from that of control, 138.9 +/- 34.4. Of the 24 patients with decreased serum T3 (less than 90 ng/100 ml), low T3 levels could be attributed to decreased plasma binding in 8; in 5, serum T3 was within the normal range for their advanced age. Mean TSH was greater in the patient group 2.6 +/- 1.9, than in the controls, 1.9 +/- 1.1 muU/ml. Moreover, the TSH response to administered TRH was moderately exaggerated in 7 patients with low free T3 index compared to 7 patients with normal free T3 index. Although significant statistically, neither the basal nor TRH induced TSH levels were in the range generally found in primary hypothyroidism. The data suggest that the high incidence of low serum T3 (70%) and free T3 index (32%) in nonthyroidal disease may be related to the catabolic state that accompanies illness rather than to specific disease entities. At the present time, the use of serum T3 or free T3 measurements for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism does not appear justified in patients with nonthyroidal disease. PMID- 807595 TI - Steroid hydroxylations by human adrenal cortex microsomes 1, 2. AB - Microsomes were prepared from human adrenals obtained at the time of cadaveric renal transplantation. Microsomes were assayed for cytochrome P-450 concentrations (mean =0.63 nmol/mg protein) and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity (mean 65 nmol times min-1 times mg-1 protein). Rates of steroid hydroxylation were measured. In man, the rate of 21-hydroxylation of 17 hydroxyprogesterone was approximately three times the rate of 21-hydroxylation of progesterone. The rate of 17-hydroxylation of progesterone was approximately three times the rate of 21-hydroxylation of progesterone. Substrate binding to microsomes showed a type I spectrum with progesterone and 17-hydroxy progesterone. Both substrates bound all spectrally identifiable sites. Antibody prepared against procine NADPH-cytochrome c reductase inhibited concomitantly human reductase, 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17-hydroxylation of progesterone. These results were compared to previous studies with beef adrenal microsomes. No specific evidence was obtained to suggest multiple forms of 21-hydroxylase in human adrenal microsomes. It appears as though the human adrenal microsomal cytochrome P-450 electron transport chain is immunologically similar to those studied previously--beef adrenal, and rat and human liver. PMID- 807594 TI - The pituitary-gonadal axis in men with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The pituitary-gonadal axis was studied in 28 men with severe protein-calorie malnutrition in a Calcutta hospital. The men were selected for the severity of their malnutrition and for absence of other diseases. They had clinical findings of hypogonadism and low total and unbound plasma testosterone. During 2-5 months of refeeding there was clinical recovery and increase of plasma testosterone to normal. Plasma LH was high in malnutrition, decreased during refeeding, and remained above normal after refeeding. Some patients failed to show LH elevation in malnutrition despite low plasma tesosterone. Plasma FSH was high in malnutrition, decreased during refeeding, and was near the level of normal Indian men after refeeding. HCG 4000 IU im per day for 3 days produced subnormal increments in plasma testosterone both in malnutrition and after refeeding; corresponding decreases in FSH occurred. It is concluded that the hypogonadism of protein-calorie malnutrition is primarily on the basis of diminished Leydig cell function. Appropriate pituitary LH response is intact in some patients, but is either absent or inadequate in others. Subclinical Leydig cell insufficiency, indicated by LH elevation and subnormal response to HCG, persists after refeeding has produced recovery from malnutrition and clinical hypogonadism. FSH elevation in malnutrition may be secondary to the reduced Leydig cell function. PMID- 807596 TI - Patterns off recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients taken of chronic thyroid therapy. AB - To determine the patterns of recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis following long-term thyroid hormone therapy, TRH tests were performed on 8 euthyroid nongoitrous patients, 5 euthyroid goitrous patients, and 5 hypothyroid patients while they were taking full doses of thyroid hormone and 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after stopping it. Serum TSH, T3, and T4 were measured before and at multiple intervals over a 4-h period after giving 500 mug TRH iv. In euthyroid non-goitrous patients, the mean duration of suppressed TSH response to TRH (maximum deltaTSH less than 8 muU/ml) was 12 +/- 4 (SE) days after stopping thyroid hormone and the mean time to recovery of normal TSH response to TRH (maximum deltaTSH greater than 8 muU/ml) was 16 +/- 5 days. None of the euthyroid nongoitrous patients ever hyperresponded to TRH; their average maximal deltaTSH was 24.5 +/- 2.2 muU/ml. Serum T4 fell below normal in 4 euthyroid non-goitrous patients, reaching lowest values at 4 to 28 days. While serum T4 was low, deltaTSH was subnormal. Normal increments of T4 and T3 after TRH occurred at 19 +/- 5 and 22 +/- 6 days, respectively. In the 5 goitrous patients, patterns of recovery of pituitary and thyroid function assessed by the same parameters were much less consistent. In the 5 hypothyroid patients, the mean duration of suppressed basal TSH and suppressed deltaTSH was 13 +/- 3 days; mean time to attain a supranormal basal TSH (greater than 8 muU/ml) was 16 +/- 4 days and to reach a supranormal deltaTSH (greater than 38 muU/ml) after TRH was 29 +/- 8 days. Following prolonged thyroid therapy in euthyroid patients, recovery of normal TSH responsiveness to TRH preceded recovery of the normal T3 and T4 response to TRH by 3 to 6 days. Basal serum TSH may be used to differentiate euthyroid from hypothyroid patients 35 days after withdrawal of thyroid therapy; the response to TRH does not improve this differentiation. PMID- 807597 TI - The role of antigen mobility in anti-Rh0(D)-induced agglutination. AB - Intact human erythrocytes were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) or dimethyladipimidate (DMA) and tested for their ability to bind [125I]-IgG anti Rh0(D) and to undergo antibody-mediated hemagglutination. There was no decrease in antibody binding after treatment with GA concentrations up to 1.25% and DMA concentrations up to 1%. Red cells treated with these concentrations of GA and DMA did not agglutinate. The techniques employed to induce agglutination of the cross-linked red cells involved "incomplete" IgG anti-Rho (D) in albumin, "complete" IgM anti-D Rho (D) in saline, and the antiglobulin (Coombs) reaction. The agglutinability of the chemically modified red cells was inversely correlated with the extent of fixation. The dissociation of antibody binding from agglutinability in cross-linked erythrocytes suggests that Rho (D) antigen mobility is required for red cell agglutination. Antigen mobility was manifested by the transition from a relatively monodisperse distribution pattern of Rho (D) antigen sites to one of large aggregates or clusters when agglutination was induced by IgM anti-Rho (D), IgG anti-Rho (D) agglutination of protease modified red cells, and by anti-IgG agglutination of IgG anti-Rho (D)-coated red cells. Antigen clustering was not as prominent in red cells agglutinated by IgG anti-Rho (D) in the presence of albumin. Even though antigen mobility is a prerequisite for antibody-mediated hemagglutination, clustering does not appear to be an absolute requirement. The degree of antigen clustering differs with varying types of agglutination. PMID- 807598 TI - Membrane-bound immunoglobulins on human leukemic cells. Evidence for humoral immune responses of patients to leukemia-associated antigens. AB - Immunoglobulins were detected on the membranes of human leukemic cells by a microcytotoxicity technique. A significant percentage of lymphocytes from normal donors failed to react with goat antisera to human heavy chain determinants or to lambda-light chains. Lymphocytes from some normal donors, however, did react with antisera to k-light chains. A high percentage (50-90) of cells from some leukemia patients were killed by antisera to light chains and by one or more antisera to heavy chain determinants. Trypsin treatment of leukemic cells resulted in a loss of cytotoxic activity with all immunoglobulin antisera. Reactivity with the k light chain antiserum was detectable 2 h after trypsinization of chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cells and 8 h after treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemic (ALL) cells. Reactivity with the antisera to heavy chain determinants and lambda-light chains could not be detected 8 and 48 h after trypsinization of CML and ALL cells, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the immunoglobulin antisera to heavy chains was abolished by absorption with the specific immunoglobulin used to define the antisera by precipitation. Eluates (pH 3.2) prepared from leukemic cells which reacted by cytotoxicity with the immunoglobulin antisera were shown to contain immunoglobulins of different heavy chain classes. In addition, some of the eluates had cytotoxic antibody activity to human leukemia cells. The specificity of the eluted antibodies is similar to the specificity previously described for cytophilic antibodies from leukemic patients and nonhuman primate antisera to human leukemia cells. The possible in vitro detection and in vivo significance of the eluted non-complement-fixing antibodies is considered. PMID- 807599 TI - Specificity of opsonic antibodies to enhance phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages. AB - These studies compared the ability of specific secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG antibodies to promote phagocytosis of viable pseudomonas aeruginosa by human alveolar macrophages. Macrophages were obtained by lung lavage of normal adult smoker and nonsmoker volunteers and were maintained as in vitro cell monolayers. Both immune sIgA and IgG agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated to coat and opsonize viable bacteria, whereas similar nonimmune immunoglobulin preparations did not. When alveolar macrophages were challenged with viable opsonized 14C labeled Pseudomonas IgG-reacted bacteria were ingested better and killed more readily than sIgA-opsonized organisms. Phagocytic responses were not significantly different between macrophages obtained from smokers and nonsmokers. Although sIgA and IgG antibodies can be found in respiratory secretions and both are undoubtedly important in pulmonary host defense, IgG opsonic antibody was superior in enhancing the uptake of Pseudomonas by in vitro-cultured alveolar macrophages. It may be the more important respiratory antibody for certain bacterial infections. PMID- 807602 TI - Storage of blood and the mean corpuscular volume. AB - The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of blood after storage for up to 24 days under various temperature conditions in ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, acid citrate dextrose, citrate phosphate dextrose, and Alsever's solution was measured using the Coulter S. Storage of blood overnight at 23 degrees centigrade increased the MCV, while there was no significant change after similar storage at 4 degrees C. Storage of blood for 23 days at 4 degrees C for 24 days. Similar results were found with all anticoagulants tested. The precision of the MCV varied on storage with different anticoagulants. PMID- 807601 TI - Effects of oxygen exposure on it vitro function of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. AB - Bacterial infection may complicate pulmonary oxygen (O2) toxicity, and animals exposed to high O2 concentrations show depressed in vivo pulmonary bacterial inactivation. Therefore, in vitro studies were undertaken to define the mechanism by which O2 alters pulmonary antibacterial activity. Normal and BCG pretreated rabbits were exposed to 100% O2 for 24, 48, and 72-h periods. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were obtained from the experimental animals and from nonoxygen exposed controls by bronchopulmonary lavage. O2 exposure did not alter cell yield or morphology. PAMs were suspended in 10% serum-buffer, and phagocytosis of (14C)Staphylococcus aureus 502A and (14C)Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured. Comparison of the precent uptake of the 14C-labeled S. aureus after a 60-min incubation period demonstrated that normal PAMs exposed to O2 for 48 h showed a statistically significant increase in phagocytosis when compared to their controls (43.5 vs. 29.2%). A similar, but smaller increase was seen after 24-h O2 exposures. 48 and 72-h O2 exposures produced no significant changes in phagocytosis in PAMs from BCG-stimulated rabbits. Normal PAMs also showed an increased phagocytosis of Ps. aeruginosa after 48-h oxygen exposure. No impairment of in vitro bactericidal activity against either S. aureus 502A or Ps. aeruginosa could be demonstrated in PAMs from normal rabbits exposed to O2 for 48 h. These results indicate that the in vitrophagocytic and bactericidal capacity of the rabbit PAM is relatively resistant to the toxic effects of oxygen, and that imparied in vivo activity may possibly be mediated by effects other than irreversible metabolic damage to these cells. The mechanism for the observed stimulation of phagocytosis remains to be determined. PMID- 807600 TI - The interaction of bovine factor VIII with human platelets. AB - Treatment of human platelets with purified bovine Factor VIII caused three types of aggregation: (a) primary agglutination; (b) secondary aggregation involving the platelet release reaction; and (c) super-aggregation, in which the platelets were gathered into only a few large clumps. Removal of calcium ions or treatment with p-hydroxymercuiriphenyl sulfonate blocked the release reaction, but not primary agglutination or super-aggregation. Platelets treated with formalin were not aggregated by ADP, thrombin, or collagen, but were agglutinated by bovine Factor VIII, although they did not show super-aggregation. For malin-treated platelets were agglutinated by phytohemagglutinin P less extensively and less rapidly than by bovine Factor VIII. Treatment of platelets and Factor VIII with neuraminidase released 60 and 53%, respectively, of the sialic acid residues without affecting the agglutination reaction or the procoagulant activity of the Factor VIII. Agglutination was inhibited by high salt concentrations, dextran sulfate, and heparin. During agglutination, both the procoagulant and platelet agglutinating activities of Factor VIII became bound to the platelet surface. PMID- 807603 TI - Concentrations of gentamicin in bronchial secretions after intramuscular and endotracheal administration. AB - A crossover study was performed in five adult tracheotomized patients without respiratory tract disease to investigate the tracheobronchial kinetics of intramuscularly and endotracheally administered gentamicin in the absence of infection. Although intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg of gentamicin yielded adequate levels in the serum, the concentrations in the bronchial secretions of noninfected patients were not adequate to inhibit strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from other patients with clinical infections. Conversely, endotracheally administered gentamicin resulted in high and sustained concentrations in the bronchial secretions that were many times superior to the minimum bactericidal concentration of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gentamicin administered by aerosols resulted in concentrations within the bronchial secretions and sputum that were adequate to kill more than 90 per cent of the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in this hosopital. These studies suggest that endotracheally administered gentamicin might prove to be an adequate adjunct for the treatment of severe Pseudomonas infection of the tracheobronchial tract, particularly in the absence of foreight bodies and abnormalities of structure or function. PMID- 807604 TI - Gene substitutions and geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Tightly linked gene markers at the white locus of Drosophila were placed, by repeated backcrossing, on each of two genetic backgrounds. Ten genotypes representing various combinations of homo- and heterozygosity were studied in a Hirsch-type geotactic maze. In general, the effects of genetic background, dominance, and epistasis were found to exceed the additive effects of gene substitutions. The results domonstrate the feasibility of analyzing the contributions of single genes to behaviors known to be polygenically determined. PMID- 807605 TI - Effects of carbaryl and dieldrin on the growth,protein content, and phospholipid content of HeLa cells. PMID- 807606 TI - Esters of sulfonic acids as derivatives for the gas chromatographic analysis of carbamate pesticides. PMID- 807607 TI - Folate concentration and pattern in bovine milk. PMID- 807608 TI - Photodecomposition of unsymmetrical polychlorobisphenyls. PMID- 807609 TI - Causes of variation in serum IgE levels in normal populations. AB - Serum IgE was measured in 326 individuals 5 years of age and older who were members of families of both black and white populations. IgE levels were higher in blacks than in whites and much higher in children than in adults. No marked change with age was detected in children 5 to 15 years of age, but IgE levels decreased rapidly with increasing age after 15. Secretors of ABH substances had higher IgE levels than nonsecretors, but sex, blood group systems ABO, MN, and Rh had no effect on IgE levels. Levels varied widely from person to person and showed almost continuous frequency distributions. Comparisons among relatives revealed that, in the populations under study, from 40% to 50% of the total variation was accounted for by genetic variation. The basis of variation in IgE levels appears to be polygenic, that is, in addition to environmental factors many genes may contribute to the end product. Levels of IgE appeared to be independent of those of the other 4 classes of immunoglobulins. PMID- 807610 TI - Transtracheal aspiration studies in asthmatic patients in relapse with "infective" asthma and in subjects without respiratory disease. AB - Exacerbations of bronchial asthma that cannot be accounted for by allergic reactions have sometimes been called "infective" asthma. The validity of this designation was tested by study of transtracheal aspirates (TTA) obtained from 27 asthmatic patients in relapse who had findings suggestive of respiratory infection and 12 subjects without respiratory disease. Aspirates were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Mycobacteria, fungi, Mycoplasma, and viruses. A comparable variety of bacterial and fungal growth in small numbers was obtained from a majority of both groups. Microbial growth did not correlate with the presence of symptoms or signs compatible with infection. Aspirates from asthmatics with chronic bronchitis, immediate hypersensitivity to aeroallergens, or aspirin intolerance yielded no greater growth than did aspirates from asthmatics without these characteristics. In only one asthmatic was there suggestion that overt infection of the lower respiratory tract contributed to exacerbation of asthma. These results do not lend support to the empiric use of antibiotics in the management of unexplained asthmatic relapse. PMID- 807611 TI - Dietetics in a cancer hospital. PMID- 807612 TI - Nerve tumors of the foot: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 807613 TI - Studies on Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb. 2. Pathology of experimental plerocercoid infections. AB - The pathology associated with the early migratory phase of infection by the sparganum larvae of Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) Opuni and Muller, 1974 (Pseudophyllidea:Diphyllobothriidae), has been investigated in TO strain mice and in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). All infected mice developed haemorrhagic skin lesions and oedema of the joints and often ascites and peritonitis 3-6 weeks after infection. There was a 25% mortality in mice given plerocercoids orally, 37.5% in those injected with procercoids intraperitoneally. From eight weeks after infection larvae in both mice and monkeys were at various stages of encapsulation. One monkey which died three weeks after oral infection with 100 procercoids had developed ascites, haemorrhagic lesions and an acute peritonitis; infarcts were observed in the liver, lungs and spleen. In plerocercoid infections, scolices migrated directly through the duodenal wall within 45 minutes of oral infection in mice and 2 hours in monkeys, causing a minimum of damage apart from small haemorrhagic patches at the sites of penetration. In monkeys an eosinopoenia occurred 7 days after infection (a mean drop from 300 to 150 cells per cu mm), followed by a sudden rise (maximum of 1450 cells per cu mm) lasting from the 3rd to the 7th week. The histopathology and immunopathology associated with the various phases of infection were investigated in both mice and monkeys. PMID- 807614 TI - Phenotypic-karyotypic localization of the human Rh-locus on chromosome 1. AB - Statistical evaluation of between homologue differences and cytogenetic banding techniques were utilized to identify a small but significant homologue difference in Alp. An inherited chromosome variant characterized by an apparent deletion of the region delimited by the band pia3 and the telomeric end (t1) of chromosome A1, with telomeric conservation, was found to be consistently present in 3 familial pedigree members who expressed the highly infrequent -D-blood group type (-D/-D-). The most likely interpretation is that both the difference in length and the difference in banding characteristics reflect a real difference in DNA content of these homologues. PMID- 807615 TI - Fluid and solid media for isolation of Brucella abortus. AB - The use of a fluid-enrichment technique increased by 10-16% the recovery rate of Brucella abortus from milks of herds positive to a milk ring test. Three solid media for direct cultural techniques were also tested on the same milks. Combinations of these techniques produced a recovery rate of ca. 88% from MRT positive-herd milks using a mixture of the centrifuged deposit and cream layer as the inoculum as against a recovery rate of ca. 75% using the MRT cream layer as inoculum. B. abortus biotypes 1-5 and 9 were isolated and growth of all the biotypes was supported by all media used. PMID- 807616 TI - Mycoplasmas isolated from the respiratory tract of horses. AB - Ten mycoplasmas were isolated from 130 nasopharyngeal swabs from thoroughbred horses with acute respiratory disease and three from 198 apparently normal horses. Two mycoplasmas were isolated from 21 tracheal swabs taken at necropsy. These mycoplasmas, together with six isolated from the equine respiratory tract by other workers, were subjected to biochemical and serological tests. Other properties examined in certain representative strains were appearance under the electron microscope, ability to adsorb or agglutinate the erythrocytes of various animal species and the electrophoretic pattern of the cell proteins. On the basis of these test, mycoplasmas from the equine respiratory tract were divided into seven species. Three species belonged to the genus Acholeplasma, members of which do not require sterol for growth, and were identified as A. laidlawii, A. oculi (formerly A. oculusi) originally isolated from the eyes of goats, and a recently named species A. equifoetale, previously isolated from aborted equine fetuses. Of the four sterol-dependent Mycoplasma species, one was indentified as M. pulmonis, a common rodent pathogen. Another cross-reacted serologically with M. felis and should probably be classified as that species. The other two species probably represent new species peculiar to the horse. One of these, represented by the strains N3 and N11, ferments glucose and is serologically distinct from 19 recognized species of glucose-utilizing mycoplasmas and from two species which do not metabolize either glucose or arginine. The other species, represented by four strains, hydrolyses arginine and, because it is serologically distinct from all the named arginine-hydrolysing Mycoplasma species, the name M. equirhinis sp.nov. is proposed for it. Of the seven species, only M. pulmonis and the glucose utilizing species represented by N3 and N11 were found exclusively in horses with acute respiratory disease. A. oculi was isolated from an apparently normal horse. The other four species were found in normal horses as well as those with respiratory disease, although three out of the four strains of M. equirhinis were from sick horses. PMID- 807617 TI - An immunological study of the pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - An attempt was made to correlate serological relationships determined by the pili, the flagella and the O-somatic antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to make a preliminary assessment of use of the pilus antigen as an epidemiological marker. A method is described for the preparation of antiserum specific for the "normal' PSA pili of P. aeruginosa. A high titre of pilus antibodies was obtained by immunizing rabbits with mutants whose pili had lost their ability to retract into the cell. The "normal' form of the organism, with retractile pili, was poorly agglutinated by high-titre anti-pilus serum, but suspensions of it that had been treated with osmium tetroxide showed greatly increased agglutinability. Antibody labelling for electron microscopy was used to determine the serological relations of pili and of flagella for P. aeruginosa strains belonging to different serological groups as defined by O-somatic antigens. The distribution of pilar and flagellar antigens among strains was not correlated with the O somatic serotype. A strain of P. aeruginosa carrying a drug-resistance plasmid had fewer "normal' PSA pili than the background strain. PMID- 807618 TI - The serological relationship between Brucella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX and Salmonella serotypes of Kauffmann-White group N. AB - The serological relationship between Brucella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica IX, and the group N salmonella serotypes S. godesberg, S. landau, S. morehead, S. neusdorf, S. soerenga and S. urbana was examined using agglutination, antiglobulin, complement fixation, immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody methods. Antisera to the group N salmonella serotypes all reacted to significant titres in agglutination and complement fixation, but not antiglobulin or immunodiffusion tests with smooth brucella antigens. These antisera also reacted in agglutination, but not antiglobulin, tests with Y. enterocolitica IX. They did not react significantly in any tests with rough brucella antigens. Conversely, antisera to smooth Brucella spp. agglutinated group N salmonellas to low titre and Y. enterocolitica IX to titres similar to those given against the homologous strain. Antiserum to Y. enterocolitica IX on the other hand reacted with smooth brucella antigens to high titre in agglutination, complement fixation and antiglobulin tests, and with the group N salmonella antigens to substantial titres in agglutination tests. In direct fluorescent antibody tests, smooth Brucella strains and Y. enterocolitica IX reacted strongly with FITC-labelled antibody to Br. abortus whereas the group N salmonella strains reacted weakly. In tests with monospecific antisera to the A and M determinants of Br. abortus and Br. melitensis respectively, Y. enterocolitica IX reacted only with the antiserum to the A determinant whereas group N salmonellas reacted to low titre with both A and M antisera. The results of cross-absorption tests confirmed this relationship and suggested that the O30 antigens of group N salmonella serotypes contained antigenic determinants similar to, but not identical with, the antigenic structure shared by smooth Brucella spp. and Y. enterocolitica IX. PMID- 807619 TI - Multiple skin testing in leprosy. AB - Groups of patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy and hospital staff from six leprosaria in East Africa and 'non-contact' groups of villagers or staff from general hospitals have been skin tested with 10 reagents. These were prepared by ultrasonic disintegration from M. tuberculosis, M. duvalii, M. chelonei and 7 other species identified in the Ugandan environment. Comparisons were made of the percentages of positive reactors in each study group for each reagent. The 'specific' defect of lepromatous patients was found to apply to a variable extent to six of the species tested, but not to M. tuberculosis, M. avium or M. 'A'. The defect applied most noticeably to M. nonchromogenicum and M. vaccae, suggesting that they are more closely related to M. leprae than are the other species tested. The reagent Chelonin produced unexpected and anomalous results in the lepromatous group. It is suggested that this was due to an unusually slow clearing of Arthus' reaction. PMID- 807621 TI - Detection of endotoxins with the Limulus test in burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria. AB - The Limulus test detected endotoxins in the plasma of burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria produced different amounts of endotoxin in the plasma of infected mice. Plasma from mice given lethal infections showed very high concentrations of endotoxin. Low concentrations of endotoxin in the plasma were tolerated by mice but high concentrations were invariably fatal. A polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine reduced endotoxin in the plasma of mice given lethal infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 807620 TI - Streptococcal infection in young pigs. IV. An outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in weaned pigs. AB - Twenty-eight pigs died in an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in an East Anglian herd. Most were 10-14 weeks old. The outbreak lasted from January to April and was finally controlled by antibiotic therapy. A similar number of losses had occurred in the previous year though no diagnosis had then been made. The causal agent appeared to be a haemolytic streptococcus belonging to group D and provisionally designated Streptococcus suis type 2. It is probably identical with de Moor's group R streptococcus which causes a similar disease in the Netherlands. It is serologically distinct from Streptococcus suis type 1 which causes meningitis in piglets. Type 2 infection in pigs appears to be widespread in England and Wales and to occur in animals up to the age of at least 14 weeks. A comparison is drawn between Str. suis meningitis in pigs and group B streptococcal meningitis in human infants. PMID- 807623 TI - Structural homogeneity of human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis antibodies. AB - Three homogeneous immunoglobulin fractions were isolated from the serum of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). All three fractions reacted in immunodiffusion with measles and SSPE virus preparations. The amino terminal sequence of the light and heavy chains of one of the antibody fractions was determined by automated Edman degradation. A single amino acid residue was obtained at every step, confirming the homogeneity of this human antibody. PMID- 807622 TI - Studies on the mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. V. The use of cytochalasins A and B to dissociate glucose transport from the lytic event. AB - The lysis of DBA/2 mastocytoma cells (P815) by alloimmune C57BL/6 thymus-derived lymphocytes was inhibited by cytochalasin A (CA) and cytochalasin B (CB). Although CB prevented incorporation of glucose into lymphocytes, the effector cell susceptibility to the drug was independent of the hexose content of the culture medium. Indeed, cytolysis occurred in the absence of exogenous hexose. Futhermore CA which, like CB, inhibited the adsorption of effector spleen cell populations onto homologous allogeneic monolyers and prevented the migratory movement of lymphoid cells did so without affecting incorporation of glucose into lymphocytes. These findings suggest that the inhibition of cytolysis by CA and CB is mediated by common inhibitory effects on membrane mobility rather than by affecting glucose uptake. PMID- 807624 TI - Naturally occurring low molecular weight IgM in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and macroglobulinemia. I. Purification and immunologic studies. AB - A method for purification of low molecular weight IgM (LMW IgM) which utilized salt precipitation, gel filtration, and insoluble immunoadsorbents is described. The yield from pathologic sera containing LMW IgM in the range of 15 to 36 mg% was approximately 20%. Antisera prepared against LMW IgM, IgM, and reduced alkylated IgM recognized common determinants. Purified LMW IgM from seropositive rheumatoid subjects did not have rheumatoid factor activity in agglutination tests but demonstrated binding to 125I-labeled aggregated IgG. LMW IgM from a patient with SLE and vasculitis had anti-nuclear factor activity and anti-native DNA activity. When complexed with reduced-alkylated aggregated IgG, LMW IgM and IgM with anti-IgG activity were essentially equivalent on a weight basis in complement fixation. The source and function of LMW in biologic processes remain unknown. PMID- 807625 TI - Naturally-ocurring low molecular weight IgM in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and macroglobulinemia. II. Structural studies and comparison of some physicochemical properties of reduced and alkylated IgM, and low molecular weight IgM. AB - Some physicochemical properties of naturally occurring low molecular weight IgM (LMW IgM), IgM and their subunits obtained by reduction-alkylation were compared. On the basis of analytical ultracentrifugation, SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, analytical Sephadex chromatography, and heavy (H) and light (L) chain composition purified LMW IgM had an S20,W constant of approximately 8S, a molecular weight of 195,000 to 205,000 and a structural formula H2L2. Reduction and alkylation of IgM (IgM RA) by two techniques produces two components which could be distinguished by analytical ultracentrifugation, sucrose density ultracentrifugation, and gel filtration studies. IgM RA-cys had an estimated molecular weight similar to LMW IgM and IgM-2ME had physical properties similar to IgG. The molecular weights of H and L chains of IgM and LMW IgM were similar: 69,000 to 75,500 and 26,000 to 27,000, respectively. Unlike LMW IgM and IgM RA cys, the less dense IgM RA reduced with 2ME dissociated into half subunits, and free H and L chains in SDS gel electrophoresis, indicating that it lacked intra subunit disulfide bonds. J chain was not detected in LMW IgM or in the chromatographically purified reduced-alkylated subunits from a patient whose IgM contained J chain. Carbohydrate analyses of IgM, LMW IgM, and reduced-alkylated IgM products did not demonstrate differences in individual sugars or in the percentage of total carbohydrate. The different sedimentation and gel filtration properties of the two components obtained by reduction-alkylation of IgM could not be attributed to variations in peptide chain or carbohydrate content, rather they are probably dependent on conformational changes resulting from variable, reduction of intra-subunits disulfide bonds. PMID- 807626 TI - Mitogenic effect of bacterial peptidoglycans possessing adjuvant activity. AB - Two purified peptides extracted from E. coli or B. megaterium strongly stimulated the spleen lymphocytes of rabbits and of normal or nude mice. Both preparations can substitute for Mycobacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant. The peptidoglycan extracted from M. lysodeikticus by a similar procedure which lacks adjuvant activity, did not induce blast transformation. However, the monomere of the E. coli peptidoglycan was devoid of mitogenicity although it has also a marked adjuvant activity. PMID- 807627 TI - An improved procedure for isolation of ragweed pollen allergen Ra5. PMID- 807628 TI - Change of cell-mediated cytotoxicity with aging. PMID- 807629 TI - Immunologic hyporesponsiveness in man to group C meningococcal polysaccharide. AB - By using a hemagglutination-inhibition assay, certain lots of purified group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines were found to contain trace amounts of group C polysaccharide (0.032 to 0.128%). Young adult human volunteers inoculated with these vaccines showed a very poor group C serum anti-polysaccharide antibody response as determined by a radioactive antigen-binding assay. Two weeks later volunteers were given a 50-mug subcutaneous injection of purified group C polysaccharide. Serum specimens obtained 1 month later showed a significant suppression of group C antibody response in comparison with subjects who had initially received group A vaccines which were free of group C antigen. The observed hyporesponsiveness may represent an example of immunologic tolerance in man. PMID- 807630 TI - The primary structure of a rat kappa Bence Jones protein: phylogenetic relationships of V- and C-region genes. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of a LOU rat k Bence Jones protein, S211, is presented. The availability of such a sequence makes it possible to re-evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of V- and C-region genes. The data suggest that V- and C-genes, and also V-genes between themselves have evolved at different rates. The Vk1-gene seems to have been preserved during evolution and its products could be identified in three other species. The differences between these Vk1 representative sequence are similar and fall inside the range of inter-subgroup differences. On the other hand, the comparison of Ck-regions from four different species agrees with their recognized phylogenetic relationships. Evidence is presented which suggests that two substitutions within the C-region of the S211 k chain are unrelated to allotypes and presumably represent somatic events or are evidence for multiple isotypes of rat Ck-region. PMID- 807631 TI - Thymus influence on the conversion of 19S to 7S antibody formation in the response to TNP-Brucella. AB - Serially transferred LAF spleen cells show a deficient 7S PFC response to TNP Brucella when Tx as compared to normal irradiated intermediate hosts are used. This defect can be corrected by combining the spleen cells with lymph node cells from the Tx intermediate hosts. It is concluded that T helper cells, residing primarily in lymph node, are needed for efficient 19S leads to 7S conversion in the immune response. PMID- 807632 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. V. Response of normal and immune spleen cells to subcellular alloantigens. AB - Subcellular particulate membrane fragments prepared from murine lymphoid or tumor cells were used as a cell-free antigen source in order to stimulate the generation of cytolytic thymus-derived effector cells (CTL) in vitro. When cultivated with normal spleen cells as a source of responding lymphocytes, particulate antigen preparations induced only low CTL activities; in contrast, virtually normal responses were observed when immune spleens were used as a source of responding cells. In both cases, results were compared to those responses obtained with intact irradiated (1000 rads) normal spleen cells as stimulating antigen. The effector cells generated with particulate antigen preparations (obtained either by hypotonic shock or by sonication) were shown to be T cells and were characterized with regard to the kinetics of their response and their dose-activity relationship. It was also shown that the responses observed were specific, both at the level of initiation and at the effector level. The results obtained suggest that there exists a fundamental difference between normal and alloimmune spleen cells in their ability to respond in vitro to stimulation by subcellular antigen preparations. PMID- 807633 TI - Peyer's patches, gut IgA plasma cells and thymic function: study in nude mice bearing thymic grafts. AB - Nude mice have poorly developed Peyer's patches with very small or no germinal centers and little lymphoid cell proliferation, and a marked decrease in the number of gut-IgA plasma cells. Thymus grafts, which restore the T lymphocyte population of their lymphoid organs to nearly normal levels, lead to a considerable development of the Peyer's patches and of their germinal centers, assocaited with a considerable increase in gut IgA plasma cells, and in the serum IgA level. These findings are consistent with the postulated relationship between the Peyer's patches germinal center cells and the gut IgA plasma cells, and might help to explain the association of thymic defects, low serum IgA, and lack of intestinal IgA plasma cells observed in some immunodeficiency syndromes of man. Nude mice also have marked decrease in the number of lymphocytes present within the intestinal epithelium. These intraepithelial lymphocytes lymphocytes, which have been shown to be of T nature, are restored to normal numbers after thymus grafting. PMID- 807634 TI - The molecular basis of self-association of IgG-Rheumatoid factors. AB - The intermediate complexes, sedimenting between 19S and 6.6S components of normal serum on analytical ultracentrifugation, were purified from plasma of three patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sequential gel filtration and removal of contaminants by agarose-antibody immunoadsorbents were employed for purification of these complexes. The isolated complexes from the three patients consisted of IgG with k and lambda light chains. Sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation experiments showed that the isolated complexes underwent concentration-dependent self-association, whereby the smallest detectable molecular species had a molecular weight of 292,000. These IgG dimers were formed by self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors, since nearly all F(ab) fragments, prepared from the isolated complexes by pepsin digestion, bound to normal IgG. The association constants for the interaction between normal IgG and one binding site of the F(ab) fragments were about 10-5 liters/mole. Since a cyclic structure with two antigen-antibody bonds was thought to form in the self-association of two IgG rheumatoid factors, the association constant for dimer formation was calculated to be 10-10 liters/mole. The preferential self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factor was supported by the observation that monomeric normal human IgG did not replace the IgG-rheumatoid factor when the complexes were dissociated and reformed in the presence of excess normal IgG. The self-association of IgG rheumatoid factors may be a general phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis, as suggested by the observations of other investigators. PMID- 807635 TI - Restoration of in vitro immune responsiveness of mastocytoma-suppressed splenocytes by activated T cells. AB - Spleen cells from normal DBA/2 mice pretreated with a soluble factor from mastocytoma cells or from ascitic fluid of mastocytoma-bearing mice were markedly impaired in terms of antibody formation to SRBC in vitro. Such immunosuppression by mastocytoma homogenates or ascitic fluid was reversed when syngeneic T cells activated to SRBC were added to the cultures, but not when peritoneal exudate cells or anti-theta-treated normal splenocytes were used. Activated T cells, as well as normal B lymphocytes prepared from spleens of lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells, were less sensitive to the immunosuppressive factor than non-activated T cells. The ability of educated T cells to restore immunocompetence of suppressed spleen cells in vitro suggests that the target of the immunosuppressive factor from mastocytoma cells may be non activated T cells, especially those involved in T cell helper function. PMID- 807636 TI - Isolation of pure IgG subclasses from mouse alloantiserum and their activity in enhancement and hyperacute rejection of skin allografts. AB - B6AF1 anti-B10.D2 ascites fluid was fractionated by molecular sieving. From the 7S fraction, IgG subclasses were isolated by affinity chromatography with specific antisera against mouse immunoglobulin subclasses coupled to CNRr activated Sepharose 4B. Thus, 7S IgG1, 7S IgG2, 7S IgG2a, and 7S IgG2b were obtained which were completely pure by criteria of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. In the in vitro tests the 7S IgG1 completely lacked cytotoxic activity. All the other subclasses were able to induce lysis of B10.D2 cells in the presence of rabbit complement. All subclasses were tested for their capacity to induce enhancement and hyperacute destruction of B10.DI skin grafts in B6AF1 recipient mice, and for the dose-dependency of these effects. 7S IgG1, although showing clearcut enhancing activity, was completely inactive in inducing hyperacute destruction of the grafts, even if high doses were administered. By contrast, 7S IgG2 (IgG2a as well as IgG2b) was not only able to induce enhancement but also hyperacute destruction of the frafts. The results obtained with 7S IgG2 demonstrate that opposite biologic activities can be present within a single subclass. PMID- 807637 TI - Host defenses against influenza virus: the role of anti-hemagglutinin antibody. AB - In CBA mice the protection provided by transferred immune spleen cells or by antibody has been investigated in immunologically intact, cyclophosphamide treated and thymus-deprived animals infected with A/PR8 virus. The degree of protection was more closely related to serum antibody levels than to the presence of immune lymphocytes in recipients. Comparison of the protective efficiency of various anti-influenza antisera with different specificities within an influenza A subtype indicated that antibodies recognizing the strain-specific determinants of the influenza hemagglutinin have an important role in protection. Physiologic amounts of transferred antibodies were shown to protect immunodepressed mice, suggesting that, provided a sufficient amount of specific antibodies is secreted, the participation of effectors of cell-mediated immunity is not essential. However, our results suggest that thymus-derived lymphocytes have an indirect role in protection by enhancing, through their helper effect, the secretion of anti-influenza antibodies. PMID- 807639 TI - The identification of a previously unrecognized subcomponent of the first component of complement. AB - The use of an affinity chromatography method designed to isolate C1 from serum has led to the discovery of a novel plasma protein, II-P2, associated with C1. The persistent Ca++-dependent association of II-P2 with C1 subcomponents following euglobulin precipitation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose-IgG, and density gradient ultracentrifugation indicates that II-P2 might be a C1 subcomponent. Using purified preparations of II-P2 it was found that a) II-P2 was retained on Sepharose-IgG through a Ca++-dependent link with C1q,b) II-P2 enhanced the C1 activity of mixtures of C1s and C1q in a dose-dependent fashion, c) II-P2 bound firmly to EAC1q4 cells and enhanced their C1s-binding ability. Fractionation of C1 by DEAE-Cellulose chromatography under the conditions that led to the original identification of C1q, C1r, and C1s resulted in recovery of II-P2 in the fractions containing C1r. The evidence presented confirms that II-P2 is a C1 subcomponent (C1t). PMID- 807638 TI - Differential susceptibility of rabbit sIgA subclasses to trypsin cleavage: characterization of the fragments obtained from the g subclass. AB - Rabbit secretory IgA (sIgA) was digested with trypsin at 37 degrees C for 30 min and four fractions were isolated by gel filtration. These fragments were characterized by ultracentrifugation, and by their antigenic properties as undigested sIgA, Fab and Fe (Two Fc fragments differing in their content of secretory component were obtained.) The IgA-f subclass molecules were resistant to cleavage and were found in the undigested sIgA fraction; the IgA-g subclass molecules were cleaved into Fe and Fab fragments. The g allotypic determinants of IgA-g molecules were found on both the Fc fragments and the Fab fragments. The Fc and Fab fragments obtained from trypsin-digested sIgA were compared by means of antigenic properties and peptide maps with the Fc and Fab fragments obtained from papain-digested sIgA; no differences attributable to the alpha-chain were found. Thus, papain and trypsin cleave the alpha-chain of IgA-g molecules at similar but not necessary identical positions. PMID- 807640 TI - The macromolecular structure of the first component of complement. AB - The binding of C1 to IgG and the interactions between C1 subcomponents have been studied by affinity chromatography of serum C1 and purified C1 proteins on Sepharose-IgG. Affinity chromatography of serum on Sepharose-IgG resulted in the binding of C1; subsequent washing with EDTA removed only C1s and C1t. Affinity chromatography of serum-EDTA on Sepharose-IgG resulted in binding of only C1q and C1r. Affinity chromatography of serum on Sepharose-tryptophan-modified-IgG resulted in the binding of only C1r and C1s. By the use of purified C1 proteins and Sepharose-IgG in binding studies it was confirmed that both C1q and C1r bind independently to sites on IgG and hold C1s and C1t by Ca++-dependent bonds. Measurements of the hemolytic activity of various combinations of C1 subcomponents confirmed the data obtained by the affinity binding studies. Both C1t and C1r independently enhanced the C1 activity of C1q-C1s mixtures; maximal activity required all four subcomponents. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of mixtures of C1 proteins showed formation of the following complexes: C1qs (12S), C1qrs (15S), C1qst (18-23S), and C1qrst (19S). The evidence suggests that the spatial sequence of the components of the Sepharose-IgG-Serum C1 complex is: Sepharose-IgG: C1q: C1t: C1s: C1r: IgG-Sepharose. The probable physiologic significance of this model is discussed. PMID- 807641 TI - The antigens and autoantigens of the seminal vesicle. II. Immunochemical studies on rabbit vesicular fluid. AB - Rabbit vesicular fluid (RVF) was shown to contain only one major electrophoretic component. This component, isolated by starch block electrophoresis, was found to have a molecular weight, by determination of sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, of approximately 17,300. This major component was also effective in isoimmunization. Another component, possibly a minor one, had similar antigenic properties. The major component, and the "minor" one also, were found to be highly tissue-specific (that is, accessory glands-specific) and also species specific. Isoimmunization procedures have led to the production of autoantibodies. No delayed hypersensitivity response or lesions of the accessory glands of reproduction resulted. It was concluded that the major reason no lesions were found was that the rabbit was not able to develop a delayed hypersensitivity type of response to the components of RVF. When rabbit vesicular fluid was ejaculated as part of the seminal plasma, its molecules were still able to induce an autoantibody response by isoimmunization techniques. This was the same as the response induced by rabbit vesicular fluid, itself. PMID- 807642 TI - Cellular distribution of rabbit IgA allotypes. AB - Intestinal tissue from rabbits heterozygous at one or both of the alpha-chain subclass loci, i.e., f or g, was examined with mixtures of rhodamine-labeled and fluorescein-labeled antibodies each directed against one of the allelic products of the f or g locus. Individual plasma cells were stained by only one fluorescent reagent and thus exhibited both allelic exclusion and sublcass exclusion. In contrast, the epithelial cells of the Lieberkukhn's glands sid not exhibit allelic exclusion. Studies with rabbits heterozygous at the f and g loci revealed that the ratio of the number of cells expressing maternal-type f cells to paternal-type f is equal to the ratio of the number of maternal-type g cells to paternal-type g cells. These data are used to suggest that the expression of each of the genes in the heavy chain chromosomal region of a particular allogroup is under the same control. PMID- 807643 TI - Cell surface immunoglobulin. XIV. Synthesis, surface expression, and secretion of immunoglobulin by Peyer's patch cells in the mouse. PMID- 807644 TI - Humoral immunostimulation. III. Requirements for divalent antibody and cellular aggregation. AB - The intracellular incorporation of radioactive nucleoside into mouse L cells was stimulated by rabbit anti-L cell IgG antibody and by its divalent pepsin F(ab')2 fragment but not by univalent pepsin Fab' or papain Fab fragments. Divalent antibody also caused the cells to grow in an aggregated pattern and undergo capping, but univalent antibody did not. Prevention of aggregation of antibody treated cells by growth in agar abrogated immunostimulation. Univalent antibody fragments partially blocked stimulation of cells by divalent antibody and binding of 125I-labeled divalent antibody to cells. These results suggest that immunostimulation of cell growth is dependent upon divalent antibody and that aggregation of cells is an associated event. PMID- 807645 TI - B lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. II. Response of fetal lymphocytes. AB - Cultures of mouse fetal liver and spleen, stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, gave rise to plasma cells staining for IgM, IgG2, IgG1, and IgA. Cells containing Igm and IgG2 were found in cultures from 17-day fetuses, coincident with the appearance of B lymphocytes bearing cell-surface IgM. IgG1- and IgA-containing cells were induced in cultures from 19-day fetuses and 1-day old mice. The capacity to give rise to immunoglobulin-secreting cells of all classes preceded the development of a significant proliferative response to LPS; the proportions of cells staining for each class reached adult values by 1 day of age whereas the proliferative response did not mature until 3 weeks. PMID- 807647 TI - Activated macrophages in congenitally athymic "nude mice" and in lethally irradiate mice. AB - Resistance to the facultative intracellular bacteria, Brucella abortus and Listeria monocytogenes, is principally the result of acquisition of enhanced antibacterial activity by host macrophages, probably in response to lymphokines released by T lymphocytes. However, the present paper describes a surprisingly high resistance on the part of both congenitally athymic "nude" mice and of lethally irradiated mice compared with normal controls. This enhanced bactericidal activity was evident 24 hr after infection, and could also be demonstrated in macrophages from nude mice cultured in vitro. It was concluded that the macrophages of these animals had been activated before infection. PMID- 807646 TI - Determinants of differential migration of mouse spleen cells treated with concanavalin A. AB - The effects of Con A on homing patterns of mouse spleen cells were investigated. After 1 to 18 hr incubation with or without the mitogen, cells were labeled with 51Cr and injected i.v. into syngeneic hosts. Treatment of spleen cells with Con A decreased localization in lymph nodes 75 to 95% and inhibited homing to recipient spleens 17 to 50%. Conversely, localization in liver and lungs was increased. Migration of cells labeled with both 125I-Con A and 51Cr revealed that cells binding the largest amount of Con A were trapped in lungs whereas cells migrating to lymph nodes and spleen had a much lower Con A content. Elution of Con A from lymphocyte surfaces with methyl-alpha-D-mannoside (MAM) reduced the percentage of cells localizing in lungs, with a concomitant increase in the percentage of cells migrating to lymph nodes. However, even after MAM treatment, a cell population with a relatively large Con A content localized in the lungs. These data indicate that both surface-bound Con A and Con A-induced changes in lymphocyte membranes inhibit migration of Con A-activated cells to recipient lymph nodes. They suggest that after Con A treatment lymph node-seeking cells do not migrate normally because of preferential sequestration in lungs of lymphocytes with either Con A binding sites of increased density or avidity or with an increased propensity for Con A internalization. PMID- 807648 TI - Intestinal uptake of macromolecules. III. Studies on the mechanism by which immunization interferes with antigen uptake. AB - The mechanism(s) whereby immunization interferes with the intestinal absorption of macromolecules has been examined. After repeated intraperitoneal injection of protein antigens emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant into rats, everted gut sacs from these animals and controls were exposed to radiolabeled antigen in vitro. There was a significant decrease in absorption of antigen by gut sacs from immunized rats as compared to control rats. On further analysis, it was found that, in contrast to controls, gut sacs from immunized rats showed an increased initial adsorption of labeled antigen. Furthermore, gut sacs from immunized rats showed enhanced breakdown of labeled antigen on prolonged incubation. Following incubation, gut sacs were rinsed and the amount of radioactivity eluted was determined. More radioactivity was present in the first rinse fluid of gut sacs from immunized rats than in rinse fluid from controls. On density gradient ultracentrifugation of the former fluids, radioactivity was localized in the middle or bottom of the gradient, whereas radioactivity in the latter fluids was located at the top of the gradient. The rapidly sedimenting labeled antigen was co-precipitated in the reaction of rabbit anti-rat IgG1 and IgG1 protein, suggesting the presence of antigen-IgG1 antibody complexes in the rinse fluid. These findings suggest that in vitro, antigen becomes rapidly associated with antibodies present on the surface of the gut. Formation of antigen-antibody complexes seems to prevent binding of antigen to and subsquent pinocytosis by the intestinal epithelial cells. Antigen-antibody complexes retained in the muous coat of the gut may be degraded by local proteases. The findings in this study suggest an additional role for antibodies present on mucosal surfaces, i.e., protection against absorption of ingested proteins which have escaped normal digestion in the intestinal lumen. PMID- 807649 TI - Activation of the alternative (properdin) pathway by divalent cations. AB - Mg++, Mn++ and Co++ activate the C system as judged by the reduction in cobra venom factor indeed hemolysis, and cleavage of properdin factor B and C3. The maximum effect requires the addition of 5 to 10 mM of these cations to dialyzed sera respond in similar fashion indicating that these divalent cations can trigger the alternative pathway without the addition other activating agents. PMID- 807651 TI - Glutaraldehyde and human T cell rosettes. AB - Blood mononuclear cells from ten healthy donors and cells from fifty cultured human lymphoblastoid lines were tested for the capacity to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The effect of adding glutaralhehyde before scoring rosettes and the effect of substituting glutaraldehyde-fixed for fresh sheep cells were both examined. The results suggest that glutaraldehyde increases the apparent proportion of rosette-forming cells by altering the sheep erythrocytes in such a way that they will adhere to some B lymphocytes. Although a small number of cells carry both surface immunoglobulins and receptors for fresh sheep erythrocytes, the rosette test with fresh sheep cells identifies T lymphocytes more accurately in the absence of glutaraldehyde than in its presence. PMID- 807650 TI - Immunological methods in tissue analysis. PMID- 807653 TI - A simple method for producing a monospecific antiserum against IgM. AB - To avoid the chemical purification of mastomys IgM, a reliable alternative method for producing a specific anti-mastomys IgM antiserum was developed. It employs the strong cross-reactivity of antisera against mouse serum proteins with mastomys serum proteins. By the immunoelectrophoresis technique, precipitates of mastomys IgM and cross-reacting rabbit anti-mouse IgM were obtained. A rabbit was immunized with these precipitates. Activity against the light chains was removed from the antiserum by passage over an immunoadsorbent column of mastomys IgG. The adsorbed antiserum was found to be specific for determinants on mastomys IgM. PMID- 807652 TI - Human erythrocyte rosette formation with mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes--a marker for the demonstration of activated T-cells. AB - Human lymphocytes after stimulation by various mitogens could be shown to make rosettes with washed uncoated human Group O rhesus negative erythrocytes (H rosettes). Using purified T- and B-cell populations and exposing them to the action of mitogens it has been demonstrated that the cell responsible is the activated T-lymphocyte. The H-rosette is thus presented as a new marker for the demonstration of activated human T-cells. PMID- 807654 TI - In vitro induction of tumour-specific immunity. I. Development of optimal conditions for induction and assay of cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - A microculture system for in vitro induction of tumour-specific immunity with syngeneic spleen cells and plasma-cell tumours is described. The system generates cytoxic lymphocytes assessed by their ability to lyse 51Cr-labelled target cells in a microcytotoxicity assay. Both the inductive and effector phases are subject to many variables in material and methodology and the optimal conditions are defined in this study. Of particular importance are the responder- to stimulator cell ratios, the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the day of harvest, the method of target-cell 51Cr labelling, and preincubation of the cytotoxic lymphocytes prior to assay. PMID- 807655 TI - A quantitative study of the distribution of IgG sub-classes in a group of normal human sera. AB - The radial immunodiffusion method of Mancini has been applied to quantitative study of IgG subclasses in a normal population. The method was assessed in terms of both reproducibility and antiserum consumption. The distribution of IgG subclasses in a group of normal individuals was studied, and compared with their incidence in a series of monoclonal proteins investigated by previous workers and particularly with other quantitative studies on groups of normal individual's sera. PMID- 807656 TI - Procedures for large-scale antiserum production in sheep. AB - The increased cost of maintaining and purchasing small laboratory animals used in the production of large quantities of antiserum resulted in a search for a more suitable animal. This paper describes the procedures used to raise antisera in Scottish mountain sheep. PMID- 807657 TI - Pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus isolated from Trichoplusia ni larvae. PMID- 807658 TI - Resistance of Moniliformis dubius to the defense reactions of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana. PMID- 807659 TI - Specific detection and semiquantitation of micro-organisms in tissue by nucleic acidhybridization. I. Characterization of the method and application to model systems. AB - On the basis of circumstantial evidence, a number of human diseases have been postulated to result from the presence of occult infection. To investigate this problem amethod of specifically detecting and semiquantitaing trace quantities of bacterial DNA in infected tissue has been devised. It is based on RNA-DNA hybridization using radiolabeled RNAcomplementary to the DNA of the organism being sought. The characteristics of the reaction are shown to conform to those expected for RNA-DNA hybridization and the sensitivity of the method is shown to correspond to approximately one organism per 50 mammalian cells. Specificity at this level of sensitivity is sufficient to clearly distinguish between infections with Listeria monocytogenes and Erysipelothrix insidiosa. This approach may have general applicability forthe study of diseases putatively caused by chronic infection not readily demonstrable bythe usual cultural or immunologic techniques. It may also be useful for helping distinguish contaminants from pathogens when isolates are obtained from diseases tissue. Unique to this approach is the value of negative information in excluding the presenceof an organism within its limits of sensitivity. PMID- 807661 TI - Nonenzymatic conversion of human hexosaminidase A. AB - Incubation of purified hexosaminidase A with merthiolate, parahydroxymercuribenzoic acid, or silver ions resulted in the formation of an enzyme which was identical, in all respects tested, with hexosaminidase B. Its electrophoretic mobility was identical to hexasaminidase B at three different pH levels. Its chromatographic properties, thermostability, and immunologic reactivity with specific anti-hexosaminidase A and anti-hexosaminidase B antisera were indistinguishable from hexosaminidase B. Conversion could be prevented by GSH but was not reversed by GSH once it had occurred. Conversion of hexosaminidase A to hexosaminindase B was accompanied by the appearance of an electrophoretically rapid, catalytically inactive protein. Hexosaminidase B, itself, was unaltered by incubation with merthiolate. These findings support a previously proposed model of hexosaminidase structure in which hexosaminidase A is (alphabeta)3 and hexosamindase B is (betabeta)2. On treatment of hexosaminidase A with merthiolate and other converting agents alpha and beta subunits are presumably dissociated and they reassociate as (betabeta)3, that is, hexosaminidase B. The expected free or polymerized catalytically inactive, alpha chains are detected on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. We suggest that the catalytic site of human hexosaminidase may be present only on the beta subunit and that the alpha subunit influences the substrate specificity of the enzyme, particularly as directed toward GM2. PMID- 807660 TI - Interference with alpha-antitrypsin studues in stored serum by presumed bacterial proteases. AB - Contamination of werum by certain gram-negative bacteria has been shown to spoil the serum for measurement of trypsin inhibitory capacity (STIC) or for antitrypsin phenotyping. Such sera develop intense fibrinolytic activity when the STIC has dropped to itsminimal level, but antitrypsin concentration as measured by radial immunodiffusion remainsconstant. Cultures of ENTEROBACTER, Klebsiella, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas species were shown to have this capability, but production of the fibrinolytic enzyme by the bacteria was most proficient in the presence of human serum. The enzyme is believed to be of bacterial origin because of its lack of esterase activity, and because activation of serum plasmin by streptokinase did not affect the STIC. Care mustbe taken to avoid bacterial contamination of blood that is to be submitted for an STICassay and/or antitrypsin phenotyping. Serum should be prepared quickly, frozen soon,and stored and transported in a frozen state. PMID- 807662 TI - Human immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: acquired serum opsonic antibodies. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that virulent (Types 1 and 2) colonial variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are highly resistant to phagcytosis by normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. To pursue this observation, sera from prostitutes were compared with sera from Catholic nuns in terms of their ability to enhance phagocytosis of Type 1 gonococci. The phagocytic system consisted of a monolayer of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an inoculum of 107 to 108 colony forming units of N. gonorrhoeae. In a representative test, the mean percentages of phagocytosis were: 13 nuns, 10 per cent; 32 prostitutes, 30 per cent (p less than 0.01). In a separate set of experiments, 5 (45 per cent) of 11 patients with acute gonococcal salpingitis had significant increases in serum opsonic activity between the acute and one month convalescent bleeding. A pool of prostitute sera retained detectable opsonic activity at dilutions as high as 1:320. The opsonic activity was heat-stable, demonstrable without complement, and resided in both the IgG and IgA fractions of serum. These studies demonstrate the presence of acquried opsonic antibody to N. gonorrhoeae in humans: the significance of such antibodies in proction against gonococcal disease requires further exploration. PMID- 807663 TI - A mechanism for decreased resistance to infection by gram-negative organisms during acute alcoholic intoxication. AB - The propensity of alcoholics to develop infections with gram-negative bacteria is well known. However, the known effects of ethanol on host-defense mechanisms do not explain this tendency satisfactorily. Since the principal defense mechanism against gram-negative bacteria is their destruction by complement in the presence of specific antibody, we investigated the effect of acute ethanol intoxication on serum complement concentrations and correlated these with serum bactericidal activity against a gram-negative organism. Serial measurements of total hemolytic complement (CH5O) and C'3, ethanol concentration, and serum bactericidal capacity were performed on the serum of 7 dogs infused with a 10 per cent ethanol solution. All animals showed a substantial decrease in total hemolytic complement activity which was inversely related to the increase in serum ethanol concentration. A decrease in serum bactericidal activity correlated with the decrease in CH50. Control animals showed no variation in either CH50 or serum bactericidal activity. Immunoprecipitation studies, using antibody to dog C'3, indicated that serum concentrations of this protein were not altered by infusing the animals with ethanol. Incubation of serum in vitro with both ethanol and acetaldehyde had no effect on CH50. We conclude that the effect of ethanol on serum complement is an in vivo phenomenon probably relating to decrease in the synthesis of one or more of the components of complement other than C'3, although the formation of an anticomplementary substance cannot be excluded. These findings are presented as a possible explanation for the development of infections with gram-negative bacteria in ethanol-intoxicated subjects. PMID- 807665 TI - A simple method for platelet sizing. AB - A simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for sizing platelets, using EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood smears, is described. Platelet diameter is compared to standard-sized polystyrene spheres. PMID- 807664 TI - Characterization of monoclonal gammopathies, a new approach. AB - A new approach to the characterization (typing) of L- and H-chains of monoclonal immunoglobulins and Bence-Jones protein utilizing elution of a monoclonal immunoglobulin in conjunction with solid-support electrophoresis and the reverse Mancini procedure of radial immunodiffusion on Mylar-backed cellulose acetate membranes is described. A number of benefits are derived, particularly the use of only a fraction (1/200) of the antisera used with agar immunoelectrophoresis. The importance of "standardizing" commercial antisera (and a method for carrying this out) with the techniques described is emphasized. PMID- 807666 TI - Proceedings: The endocrinology of the ovarian cycle and of pregnancy in the marmoset monkey, Callithrix jaccus. PMID- 807667 TI - Proceedings: The importance of the second amino acid in tripeptide-thyrotrophin releasing hormone molecules for the biological activity. PMID- 807668 TI - The thyroxine-binding properties of serum proteins. A competitive binding technique employing sephadex G-25. AB - A competitive binding technique is described for the estimation of the thyroxine (T4)-binding properties of serum proteins in dilute blood serum and lymph. When used in conjunction with an assay for total T4 the following parameters can be estimated: the number of functionally different T4 binding proteins, their individual association constants and binding capacities for T4, the amount of T4 which is bound to each binding species, and the concentration of unbound (free) T4. Both human and sheep serum have three functionally different T4-binding proteins. The association constants for the three human proteins were 9.5x10(9), 1.6x10(8) and 3.1x10(5) 1/mol for T4-binding globulin (TBG), T4-binding prealbumin (TBPA) and serum albumin, respectively. The corresponding sheep proteins, TBG, TBP-2 and albumin, had association constants of 8.9x10(9), 1-4 X 10(8) and 3.5x10(5) 1/mol. Human TBG had a mean binding capacity of 21.3 mug/100 ml and that of ovie TBG was 12.8 mug/100 ml. The other specific binding proteins (TBPA in man and TBP-2 in sheep) had mean binding capacities of 307 and 359 mug/100 ml respectively. Two functionally different T4-binding proteins were identified in rat serum. PMID- 807669 TI - Proceedings: Adrenal steroids and antidiuretic hormone action in toad bladder. PMID- 807670 TI - Differentiation in vitro of larval cell types from early embryonic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A variety of cell types develop when cells of 6 1/2-8 1/2 h Drosophila embryos are cultured in an improved medium. Nerve, muscles, fat-body, chitin-secreting, and macrophage-like cells (possibly haemocytes) appear in the first 24 h and mature over the next week. Tracheal, imaginal disc, a second stage of the macrophage-like, and a anumber of unidentified fibroblastic and epithelial cells appear in the 2nd and 3rd week, following a resumption of cell multiplication. There is some organization of some of the cell types into higher structures. PMID- 807671 TI - Phagosome-lysosome interactions in cultured macrophages infected with virulent tubercle bacilli. Reversal of the usual nonfusion pattern and observations on bacterial survival. AB - Tubercle bacilli of the pathogenic human strain H37Rv had previously been shown to multiply, after ingestion by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, within phagosomes that tended to remain unfused with secondary lysosomes. Means were sought therefore for promoting experimentally a modification of the host response so as to attain a high level of phagolysosome formation, enabling tests to be made of any effects on the course and outcome of the intracellular infection. This was achieved by exposing viable bacilli to specific rabbit antiserum before their ingestion. Quantitative assessments, using electron microscopy, now showed that a majority of the phagosomes containing intact bacilli had fused with ferritin-labeled lysosomes, and frequently the fusion was massive. Bacterial viability studies established that the serum pretreatment was not itsel bactericidal. In the course of progressive infections with strain H37Rv, monitored by counts both of viable bacterial units and of intracellular acid-fast organisms, no appreciable difference was found between the intracellular growth rates of control and antiserum-treated bacilli. Concurrent electron microscopy showed that bacilli could remain intact and multiply both in phaagolysosomes and in unfused phagosomes, ruling out the possibility of selective growth of antiserum-pretreated bacilli within the minority of phagosomes that remained unfused. It was concluded that "turning on" phagosome-lysosome fusion in normal macrophages did not influence the outcome of infection with virulent M. tuberculosis; lysosome contents manifestly failed to exercise an antibacterial effect on this organism. Nevertheless, the possibility remains that the lysosomes of specific immune macrophages have antituberculous potentiality. In that case the experimental "turning on or off" of fusion could be a decisive factor in the outcome of a virulent challenge. Should it not be, the antibacterial capabilities of immune cells would need to be ascribed to factors other than lysosomal attack, the latter being essentially for disposal of the dead organisms. PMID- 807672 TI - Studies on the selective lysis and purification of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The mechanism by which culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi are lysed by normal mammalian sera was examined. Lysis is restricted to the epimastigote form of the organism and is not dependent on the presence of agglutinins. Lysis is a complement-dependent process, the activity being generated by the alternate pathway. The selective lysis by serum was exploited to purify viable trypomastigotes by means of centrifugation in an albumin column. Essentially pure trypomastigote populations are now being employed in cell culture experiments. PMID- 807673 TI - C3-mediated cytoadherence. Formation of C3 receptor aggregates as prerequisite for cell attachment. AB - Inhibition of free movement of C3 receptors by either applying low temperature (3 degrees C) or fixing the cell surfce of lymphocytes with glutaraldehyde (2 times 10(-5) to 2 times 10(-1)%) results in loss of firm attachment of EAC142 3b cells to the lympocytes as demonstrated here by loss of rosette formation of Raji lymphoid cells. Under the same conditions soluble C3 can still bind but is unable to induce aggregation of C3 receptors into small patches. It is suggested that the local increase of C3 receptor density by aggregation is a prerequisite for C3 dependent cytoadherence. Microaggregation of corresponding receptor sites may be essential also in other recognition systems. PMID- 807675 TI - Thymineless death in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A study has been made of the intracellular changes occurring during thymineless death in Bacillus subtilis 2337. The kinetics of death were paralleled by the rate of breakdown of DNA. During thymineless death single-strand breaks accumulated within DNA, breakdown of approximately 13% of the DNA to acid-soluble material occurred, deoxyribonuclease levels rose sharply, and yet double-strand breaks did not occur in the DNA. On restoration of thymine, however, double strand breaks accumulated, though this could be prevented by the specific inhibition of DNA preplication on restoration of thymine. The results probably indicate that during thymineless death, single-strand gaps accumulate within the DNA of cells. On restoration of thymine both DNA replicaion and repair of gaps are simultaneously initiated, and when a replication fork reaches a gap before it is repaired, double-strand breakage of the DNA occurs. The possible relevance of these events to the lethality of the cells is discussed. PMID- 807674 TI - Action of ouabain on sodium transport in toad urinary bladder, Evidence for two pathways for sodium entry. AB - The cardiac glycoside ouabain inhibits transepithelial sodium transport in the toad urinary bladder. It is shown that this drug reduces the rate coefficient for sodium exit at the serosal pump site. In addition, ouabain inhibits entry across the mucosal border whenever the electrochemical potential gradient for sodium is made less favorable. The data are interpreted as indicating the existence of two separate pathways for sodium entry, one of which is ouabain inhibitable. PMID- 807676 TI - Studies on lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Lipopolysaccharides, extracted by phenol-water from five strains fo Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were purified by treatment with ribonuclease followed by multiple washes. These preparations were fatal to mice when administered in submicrogram amounts with actinomycin D, the LD50 values varying from 4 to 16 mug/kg. Analyses showed that all preparations contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid and phosphate. All the lipopolysaccharides contained the same fatty acids, namely beta-OH-10:0, beta-OH-12:0, beta-OH-14:0, 12:0, 14:0,16:0, 16:1, 18:0 and 18:1. We were unable to detect significant differences between the lipopolysaccharides of virulent and avirulent gonococci or between penicillin-sensitive and resistant strains. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharides appeared to lack O-antigen side chains. PMID- 807677 TI - Synchronous cultures of micro-organisms: large-scale preparation by continuous flow size selection. AB - The separation of the smallest cells from an exponentially growing culture by passage through a continuous flow centrifuge rotor under controlled conditions of rotor speed and flow rate, provides a simple method for the rapid production of large-scale synchronous cultures. The effluent from the rotor, containing the smallest-sized class of organisms, still suspended in their growth medium and still growing undisturbed throughout this rapid procedure, provides a culture which goes on to exhibit synchronous cell division. Successfully applied to budding and fission yeasts and to amoeboid and ciliated protozoa, this procedure ti potentially applicable to any non-filamentous, non-aggregating, unicellular organism or to cells of higher plants or animals growing in liquid tissue cultures. PMID- 807678 TI - The use of analytical isoelectric focusing for detection and identification of beta-lactamases. AB - BETA-Lactamases (EC. 3.5.2.6) from strains of Gram-negative bacteria have been studied using analytical isoelectric focusing. This permits a visual comparison of the patterns of beta-lactamase bands produced by enzymes from different organisms. Purification of crude intracellular preparations is unnecessary and the technique is sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate beta-lactamase in mutants previously reported to lack the enzyme. R that have not been distinguished from one another biochemically or immunologically can be differentiated by isoelectric focusing. Conversely, the enzymes specified by the R factors RTEM, R1 and RGN14, with identical isoelectric focusing patterns have the same biochemical properties. Chromosomal and R-factor-mediated beta-lactamases from single strains have been separated and their identities confirmed by immunoisoelectric focusing. R factor-mediated enzymes gave identical isoelectric focusing patterns irrespective of the host strain. Isoelectric focusing can therefore be used to observe the transfer of beta-lactamases carried by R factors. PMID- 807679 TI - Possible plasmid nature of the determinant for production of the antibiotic nisin in some strains of Streptococcus lactis. PMID- 807680 TI - Transfer of antibiotic resistance plasmid RP1 into Pseudomonas glycinea and Pseudomonas phaseolicola in vitro and in planta. AB - The wide host-range antibiotic resistance plasmid RP1 was transferred from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Escherichia coli into Pseudomonas glycinea. The plasmid was then acquired by Pseudomonas phaseolicla both in vitro and in planta in Phaseolus limensis leaves and pods. This was the first step in the design of a model system to determine the possible epidemiological significance of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the control of plant disease. PMID- 807681 TI - Properties of some norvaline-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - DL-Norvaline inhibits growth of wild-type Bacillus subtilis. A number of mutants resistant to growth inhibition by this analogue were isolated and studied. Cross feeding experiments and paper chromatography of culture supernatants indicated that the mutants excreted leucine and possibly valine and glutamate. Enzymic analysis indicated that the mutants were derepressed for acetohydroxy-acid synthetase and alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase; however, no derepression of threonine deaminase, dihydroxyacid dehydrase or transaminase B was observed. PMID- 807682 TI - Comparison of polysaccharides produced by Myxococcus strains. AB - Exopolysaccharides were prepared from cultures of four Myxococcus strains grown on solid and in liquid media, and also from the fruiting bodies. Lipopolysaccharides could be extracted with aqueous phenol from the vegetative bacteria, but were absent from microcysts. Mannose and D-glucose were present in all the exopolysaccharides and three of the lipopolysaccharides examined. Other monosaccharides identified in the exopolysaccharides were D-galactose, N acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. The composition of the lipopolysaccharides was more complex than that of the exopolysaccharides and, in addition to the neutral hexoses and amino sugars, rhamnose was identified in two preparations and ribose in another. No lipopolysaccharide preparations contained O-methyl xylose or heptose. The polysaccharides secreted by the bacillary forms grown on solid or in liquid media closely resembled the polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies, in which they provided a matrix surrounding the microcysts. Each pair of polysaccharides contained the same monosaccharides, although in slightly different proportions. Differences were found in preparations from different strains. These results suggest that in the development cycle of the genus Myxococcus, considerable use is made of pre existing enzyme systems to synthesize the precursors necessary for polysaccharide synthesis. Any specific difference between the polysaccharide produced by the bacilli and that surrounding the microcysts may lie in the fine structure, rather than in the individual components. PMID- 807683 TI - Cost-financed mental health facility. I. Clinical care pattern in a labor union program. AB - Cost-financed mental health facilities create opportunities for new patterns of mental health service analogous to community mental health centers in some ways and to HMOs in others. This paper describes the first facility based on such financing. The concept of cost-financed mental health practice is introduced and defined as including a multidisciplinary team serving a defined population of enrollees through prepaid or prebudgeted financing. The financing may be capitation based or generated through an agreed-upon budget for predefined services. Ordinary fee-for-service insurance creates purchasing power but not care system. Cost financing can create service mechanisms. The paper describes the clinical system made possible through such financing. The direct patient service systems for the United Auto Workers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital funded through cost financing included an early case-finding program, intake and evaluations specially designed for blue-collar workers, a full range of continuous treatment modalities, and programs in chronic care and rehabilitation. Programs in prevention, consultation, and education were also included. Conern is described. The authors conclude that this clinical form has the potential to offer both the advantages of the community mental health center and of the private practice system. PMID- 807684 TI - A context analysis of psychological states prior to petit mal EEF paroxysms. AB - This is the first report in the literature of an application of the rigorous symptom-context method for determining the nature of the psychological antecedents of petit mal EEG paroxysmal activity. The activity is defined by the presence of a 3 cycle/second spike and wave on the EEG which is recorded concurrently while the patient is speaking his thoughts freely during interviews. The content of the patient's speech before each petit mal episode is compared with the content of speech during nonparoxysmal periods. Three petit mal patients were examined in this way for four sessions each. (Total petit mal EEG paroxysms for patient no. 1 were 19, patient no. 2 were 25, and patient no. 3 were 55.) For the first patient, strong psychological antecedents were found before petit mal EEG paroxysms as compared with comparison periods from the same patient. These consisted of such usual negative affects as feeling depressed and blocked. For the two other patients, only a few psychological antecedents discriminated significantly and these were not of the same type across the three patients. We conclude that the patients differ in amount and type of psychological antecedents. The differences may be attributed to differences in the type of petit mal and/or differences in the psychological component to the petit mal. The differences among the patients are probably not related to the average length of the paroxysms since we have shown that the relationships with the duration were generally silences than during the patient's speech (for two of the three patients)--talking probably requires more focused attention than silence; more focused attention or activity tends to reduce these episodes. PMID- 807685 TI - Perivascular hemosiderin deposition in muscle in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - A 63-year old woman with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemina of 5 years' duration developed disabling pain in her extremities. The patient had required frequent plasmapheresis and transfusion for treatment of hypervisosity. Muscle biopsy from 2 separate sites showed striking deposition of hemosiderin in macrophages surrounding small vessels and features of slight denervation. Immunofluorescence demonstrated IgM deposition in vessel walls. Perivascular hemosiderin deposition in muscle has not previously been desicribed and may reflect traansfusion hemosiderosis in a patient with a dysglobulinemia. PMID- 807686 TI - Hydrocephalus resulting from superior vena cava thrombosis in an infant. Case report. AB - The authors report an unusual case of superior vena cava thrombosis in an infant who subsequently developed communicating hydrocephalus; they also review previously reported cases of dural sinus hypertension, and separate them into two groups. Patients in the first group develop hydrocephalus and those in the second develop a pseudotumor-like syndrome. The former patients tend to have generalized increase in intracranial venous pressure while the latter have a normal pressure in some major intracranial venous structure(s). The absence of venous cushioning of the choroid plexus pulse wave is proposed as the cause of ventricular enlargement in the former group. In addition, patients in the large-ventricle group were younger than patients in the small-ventricle group. PMID- 807687 TI - What should the long-term care director of nursing really do? PMID- 807688 TI - Identification of hamster thymus-derived lymphocytes employing rabbit anti hamster brain serum. AB - Rabbit anti-hamster brain sera prepared from the brains of Syrian and Chinese hamsters were evaluated for their potential to identify thymus-derived lymphocytes present in these animals. The unabsorbed antisera were cytotoxic in vitro for both homologous and heterologous thymocytes and splenocytes. Following absorption with hamster liver and erythrocytes, the antisera remained toxic for thymocytes, but were less toxic for splenocytes. Comparative testing of both the rabbit anti-Syrian and anti-Chinese brain sera with rabbit anti-C3H mouse brain serum indicated that considerable cross-reactivity exists between the different anti-brain sera. The in vivo administration of any of the antisera to C3H mice resulted in a lowered titer to the thymus-dependent sheep erythrocyte antigen response as measured by the hemolysis-in-gel technique. In vitro treatment with the anti-brain sera had no effect on plaque-forming cells present in the spleen. PMID- 807689 TI - Experimental allergic sialoadenitis. VII. Reactivity of the parotid gland to antigenic challenge in passively immunized rats. AB - Rats were passively immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of homologous anti BSA serum and their salivary glands were challenged 20 min or 24 hours later with BSA by the intraductal route. Immune complex sialoadenitis developed only when challenge was early. It is concluded that immunoglobulins are transferred from the circulation into the salivary glands and are relatively rapidly cleared by a mechanism yet unknown, possibly by salivary flow. PMID- 807690 TI - Cytological and histological keratinization studies in leukoplakias of the mouth. AB - A correlative histocytological study for keratinization was done in 446 cases of oral leukoplakia. Cytologically, keratinization could be correctly identified in 91% of leukoplakias exhibiting orthokeratosis, 73% of leukoplakias exhibiting parakeratosis, and 78% of cases showing both types of keratinization. Cytologically, orthokeratosis was present in 83% of individuals with homogeneous leukoplakia and in 69% with ulcerated leukoplakia, while parakeratosis was present in 7% of homogeneous leukoplakias and in 19% of ulcerated leukoplakias. A higher frequency of dysplasia was observed in smears and their corresponding histological sections for those cases which had revealed only parakeratosis in the cytological examination and for both orthokeratosis and parakeratosis as compared to those showing only orthokeratosis. It is suggested that the cytological method is a reliable method for studying oral keratinization and is of value to the clinician in identifying the type of leukoplakias which may need to be biopsied for further surveillance. PMID- 807691 TI - Ghost cell epithelium in odontomas. AB - Eight cases from a series of 75 odontomas were found to contain ghost cell epithelium. Clinical, radiologic and histologic findings in these cases did not differ significantly from those of odontomas in general. The results obtained with several staining methods, including rhodamin B under fluorescent light, suggest that the ghost cells represent different stages in the process of ortho-, para- and aberrant keratin formation. Ghost cells should be viewed as the product of metaplastic transformation of the odontogenic epithelium with no significance for the prognosis and treatment of odontomas. PMID- 807692 TI - The pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts: a review. AB - The pathogenesis of the three common forms of odontogenic cyst is discussed. It is concluded that the dental cyst arises from proliferation of the epithelial rests of Malassez in a focus of inflammation stimulated by pulpal necrosis of the associated tooth. It enlarges by unicentric expansion from the hydrostatis pressure of its contents. The dentigerous cyst arises from pooling of inflammatory exudate, which is derived from the obstructed follicular veins of an unerupted tooth and accumulates between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of the tooth. It enlarges by unicentric expansion from the hydrostatic pressure of its contents. The odontogenic keratocyst arises by proliferation of the residues of the dental lamina, possibly as a hamartomatous abnormality. It enlarges by both multicentric expansion due to the proliferation of localized groups of epithelial cells in the lining and by unicentric expansion from the hydrostatic pressure of its contents. PMID- 807693 TI - Biological tests of a silicophosphate cement. AB - The biological compatibility of a silicophosphate cement (Fluoro-Thin) and a zinc phosphate cement (de Trey's Improved) has been assessed in in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (monkey teeth) tests. In the in vitro tests both materials were toxic when freshly prepared. In experiments with prolonged cell-material contact time, with set specimens of the materials, the zinc phosphate cement appeared to be non-toxic, whereas the silicophosphate cement was clearly toxic. The in vivo experiments confirmed that a possible pulp reaction cauded by zinc phosphate cement is of a mild nature. The silicophosphate cement, however, cauded a moderate or severe reaction in the pulp after 8 days of observation, and there was chronic inflammation in most teeth after 36 or 72 days. It was concluded, therefore, that Fluoro-Thin should not be used as a luting agent or for restorative purposes in direct contact with vital dentine. PMID- 807694 TI - Dentigerous cysts and radiolucent lesions of the jaw associated with Hunter's syndrome. AB - Two cases of Hunter's syndrome in brothers are presented. One case was associated with dentigerous cysts and the other was associated with collagenous connective lesions. Condylar deformities also were present in both cases. Radiographic differential diagnosis between the two types of lesions is discussed and methods of treatment are proposed. PMID- 807695 TI - Subacute thyroiditis in a lateral thyroid gland: evaluation of the pituitary thyroid axis during the acute destructive and the recovery phases. AB - Subacute thyroiditis in a lateral, ectopic thyroid has been previously unreported. A 4 10/12-YEAR-OLD GIRL HAD AN ENLARGING MASS IN THE LEFT UPPER ANTERIOR NECK. Initially, the serum concentration of T4 was normal, T3 was elevated, and TSH was undetectable without response to TRH. RAI uptake was 1%. The data were consistent with subacute thyroiditis. Twelve weeks later the serum concentration of T4 was low and TSH was elevated; thyroid replacement therapy was given for 20 weeks. When this was discontinued, there was an initial increase and then a decrease in the TSH values accompanied by an increase in serum concentrations of T3 and T4 to normal during eight weeks. One must consider a lateral ectopic thyroid gland in the differential diagnosis of masses in the neck. Physicians must be aware that temporary hypothyroidism occurs during the course of subacute thyroiditis. PMID- 807696 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in children during the isoniazid era. AB - Fifty-nine cases of tuberculous meningitis in children seen at the Charity Hospital at New Orleans since the addition of isoniazid to the therapy in 1952 are reviewed. Fourteen of the children died during hopsitalization. At discharge 21 children had complete or nearly complete clinical recovery. Follow-up of 21 available long-term survivors revealed a significant number with neurologic and social disabilities. The endemicity of tuberculous infections in the households of the children and factors responsible for transmission of tubercle bacilli from an adult source are reported. The importance of chemoprophylaxis and public health measures in eliminating this disease are stressed. PMID- 807697 TI - Nasojejunal feedings in low-birth-weight infants. AB - Continuous nasojejunal and intermittent nasogastric feedings were compared in a controlled prospective study in 21 low-birth-weight infants. The groups were comparable in regard to period of gestation, birth weight, head circumference, and clinical findings. Cumulative weight gain, caloric and fluid intake, percent weight lost, blood chemistry values, and complications were used in evaluating the two groups. Upon completion of the 21-day study, N/J infants were found to have had statistically better weight gain, caloric intake, and fluid intake (p = 0.05-0.001) during the early part of the study. Weight loss was less in the N/J group (p less than 0.01). Neither group had abnormalities of blood chemistry or significant complications. It is concluded that N/J feeding in the low-birth weight neonate is a safe, effective means of early nutritional intake, with advantages most pronounced during the first two weeks of life. PMID- 807698 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline values in children receiving phenobarbital with and without vitamin D. AB - Concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase and total urinary hydroxyproline were measured in 36 children to study the effect of phenobarbital administration with respect to the development of rickets in patients receiving anticonvulsive medications over prolonged periods of time. Administration of phenobarbital led to the appearance of increased AP and HOP values very early in the course of treatment and without any obvious bone changes suggestive of rickets; a single large oral dose of vitamin D had no appreciable effects in restoring the biochemical derangement. On the other hand, the administration of vitamin D in a daily dose of 4,000 IU for a period of two months hampered the appearance, or restored already existing changes of latent rickets, in children receiving anticonvulsive medication. The results in the present study favor the concept that phenobarbital administration is implicated in the development of rickets. The need for simultaneous daily administration of supplements of vitamin D in subjects receiving anticonvulsive drugs is stressed. PMID- 807699 TI - Complete maturation of neuroblastoma with bone metastases in documented stages. PMID- 807701 TI - [Inhibitory effects of protein-like substance(s) on dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (author's transl)]. PMID- 807700 TI - Levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM in the human inflamed gingiva. AB - Resected inflamed gingival tissue obtained from 16 periodontal patients and a pooled sample of noninflamed gingiva from five edentulous patients were assayed for immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM using low-level immunodiffusion plates. Findings based on the gingival assays include:(1) IgA and IgG are present in both inflamed and normal gingiva and although their levels are substanitally higher in the inflamed gingiva, their ratio, one to another, remains the same; (2) IgM can not be consistently demonstrated in inflamed gingiva with the assay technique employed: (3) local immune response exists in the inflamed gingiva of humans with chronic periodontal disease; and (4) there is an unknown homeostatic mechanism which regulates the globulin levels in states of health and inflammation. Further study is needed to correlate clinical impressions with histological and quantitative measure of immunoglobulin levels in the inflamed gingiva and to investigate the role of delayed hypersensitivity in the disease process. Work must also be directed toward the detection of specific antigens responsible for elicting the immune response in the gingival tissue of the periodontal patient. PMID- 807702 TI - Inhibition of supraeschar and subeschar Pseudomonas infection by silver sulfadiazine dry foam. AB - The results of an in vivo evaluation of silver sulfadiazine dry foam are described. Using burned guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver sulfadiazine was applied every 12hr as the dry foam or ointment. After 72 hr of therapy with the medicated dry foam, only one of the 15 burns remained infected while seven of the 15 burns remained positive for Pseudomonas after treatment with the corresponding medicated ointment (p less than 0.05 greater than 0.01). It is suggested that the medicated dry foam provided significantly greater activity in treating a supraeschar burn wound infection of recent onset. In addition, a modified crossover study demonstrated that both the medicated dry foam and ointment are less effective in treating subeschar burn wound infections. PMID- 807703 TI - Drug-biomolecule interactions: topographical study of active site of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase using spin-labeled sulfanilamide drugs. AB - The topography of the active sites of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases B and C and bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B was studied using a series of spin labeled sulfanilamide analogs. Results show that the active site of human carbonic anhydrase C is a narrow cleft approximately 14 A in depth. This observation is in good agreement with previously published X-ray diffraction data. While the active sites of human carbonic anhydrase B and bovine carbonic anhydrase B have the same general shape as the active site of human carbonic anhydrase C, they are slightly deeper. PMID- 807704 TI - Two antimicrobial alkaloids from heartwood of Liriodendron tulipifera L. AB - Alcoholic extracts of the heartwood of Liriodendron tulipifera have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity was associated only with the alkaloidal fraction. Separation of the active alkaloidal fraction by chromatography led to the isolation and identification of dehydroglaucine and liriodenine as the active components. Several other alkaloidal derivatives were prepared and tested. In addition to the active alkaloids, michelabine was also identified in the tertiary nonphenolic base fraction along with the lignan, lirioresinol-B-dimethyl ether, and two N acetylnoraporphine alkaloids from the nonbasic fraction. PMID- 807705 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene polyhalophenoxyacethydrazides VIII. AB - Fifteen 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene phenoxyacethydrazides were synthesized, and the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds prepared were determined against different microorganisms. The o-methoxy derivative was found to be the most active compound. PMID- 807706 TI - Oral absorption efficiency of acid-labile antibiotics from lipid-drug delivery systems. AB - The utility of cholesterol, cholesteryl acetate, and beta-sitosterol in protecting and improving the oral absorption efficiency of acid-labile antibiotics is discussed. The potassium salts of penicillin G and penicillin V and erythromycin lactobionate were studied. The stability of the two penicillins in simulated gastric fluid was determined iodometrically. The rank order of acid protective activity was: cholesteryl acetate greater than beta-sitosterol greater than cholesterol. Oral administration of erythromycin lactobionate coated with cholesteryl acetate produced a twofold increase in human urinary excretion of erythromycin when compared with the uncoated material. Potassium salts of penicillin G and penicillin V coated with cholesteryl acetate yielded 1.6- and 2 fold higher urine levels, respectively, as compared with the uncoated candidates. PMID- 807707 TI - Chemical constituents of Gentianaceae XVI: antitubercular activity of xanthones of Canscora decussata Schult. PMID- 807708 TI - Microbiological diffusion assay II: design and applications. AB - Application of new equipment and new techniques was made to antibiotic diffusion assays. Accumulation of data and computation of potencies were made by an on-line computer. The system was tested by assaying cephalexin with the aid of Bacillus subtilis in an FDA single-dose design modified by reducing the number of standards to two. The influence of the thickness of the base layer and the form of the dose-response line were tested. Zone diameter was measured with a resolution of 0.01 mm. The potency of samples was measured with an error usually less than 3%. An error of 0.1 mm in measuring zone size would cause an error of 3% of potency. The usual calibration line was inadequate for extrapolation beyond a twofold range. A dose-response line derived from the Cooper equation was better for standard curves spanning more than a twofold range of concentrations. Precision was better on the plates with the 20-ml base layer. The two-dose method of assaying gave larger errors than the single-dose method. Large variances in measuring zone diameters are a reason for the low precision of diffusion assays and set an inherent limit on precision. PMID- 807709 TI - Synthesis, spectral properties, and antibacterial activity of synthetic precursors of macrocyclic oxa- and thia-substituted benzolactones and benzoketones. AB - Terminally difunctional compounds were synthesized by alkylation of salicylic acid, thiosalicylic acid (o-mercaptobenzoic acid), or their derivatives. Whereas methyl salicylate and thiosalicylic acid were smoothly etherified, salicylic acid was alkylated at the carboxyl. Characteristic IR and NMR spectral patterns in the synthesized compounds can be attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding or substituent effects and are consistent with observations already reported for similar compounds. Three synthesized compounds exhibited low but reproducible inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis growth. PMID- 807710 TI - Pharmacokinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl components in swine and sheep after a single oral dose. AB - Single-dose oral administration of a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl product containing 54% chlorine provided data with which to plot the time course of total polychlorinated biphenyl and individual components in the blood of swine and sheep. Pharmacokinetic parameters describing absorption from the gut and elimination from a two-compartment body system were determined for the components in swine and sheep. The absorption half-time for total polychlorinated biphenyl in swine was 1.13 hr while that for sheep was 3.83 hr. The half-time for disposition of total polychlorinated biphenyl from the central compartment was 4.4 hr in swine and 7.7 hr in sheep; the apparent biological half-life was 62.4 hr in swine and 78.8 hr in sheep. Individual components varied significantly from each other and from total polychlorinated biphenyl in all parameters. PMID- 807711 TI - Chemical and pharmacological investigations of constituents of Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb. (Iridaceae). AB - Eleutherin and eleutherol extracted from bulbs of Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb. (Iridaceae), collected in the Amazonian jungle and grown in Italy, were tested for biological properties. The extraction procedure and the results of antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and pharmacological assays are reported. Eleutherin has a weak and transient effect of decreasing the prothrombin time (in vivo in rats) and a weak antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis (in vitro). PMID- 807712 TI - Metabolism of triamcinolone acetonide-21-phosphate in dogs, monkeys, and rats. AB - The absorption, distribution and metabolic fate of triamcinolone acetonide-14C-21 phosphate were studied in the dog, monkey, and rat. A comparison of levels of radioactivity in blood or plasma, reached after intramuscular or intravenous administration, indicated that the drug was completely absorbed from the site of intramuscular injection within 10-15 min in all three species. Within 1-5 min after intramuscular or intravenous administration, the 21-phosphate ester was completely hydrolyzed to triamcinolone acetonide, which was present in the blood. The radioactivity was eliminated rapidly (t1/2 = 1-2 hr) from plasma (dogs, monkeys, and rats) and tissues (rats) after intramuscular or intravenous administration. In the three species, the major route of excretion was via the bile; however, the ratio of biliary to urinary excretion among the species varied considerably (from 1.5 to 15). In rats, excretion of radioactivity as expired carbon dioxide accounted for only 2-3 percent of the dose. 6beta Hydroxytriamcinolone acetonide was the major metabolite in urine of the three species. Hydrolytic cleavage of the acetonide group did not appear to be significant. PMID- 807713 TI - Metabolism of minoxidil, a new hypotensive agent II: biotransformation following oral administration to rats, dogs, and monkeys. AB - The biotransformation of minoxidil (2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide) was studied in the rat, dog, and monkey and compared to reported results in the human. Chromatographic profiles of urinary metabolites show that each species excreted substantially the same metabolites but in quite different relative amounts. The monkey and the human exhibited similar metabolite profiles, whereas the dog and rat were quantitatively different from each other and from the monkey and human. The major excretory product for the monkey and human was a glucuronide conjugate of minoxidil. Substantially smaller amounts of unchanged minoxidil, 2,4 diamino-6-(4'-hydroxypiperidino)pyrimidine 3-oxide, and more polar metabolites also were excreted by these two species. The major excretory product in the rat was unchanged minoxidil. Almost as much (combined) of the two acidic metabolites, 2,4-diamino-6-(4'-carboxy-n-butylamino)pyrimidine and its 3-oxide, also were produced. Smaller amounts of the glucuronide of minoxidil, 2,4-diamino-6-(4' hydroxypiperidino)pyrimidine 3-oxide, its 3'-hydroxy isomer, and 2,4-diamino-6 piperidinopyrimidine also were excreted by the rat. The major metabolite of minoxidil excreted by the dog was the 4'-hydroxy metabolite. Smaller amounts of unchanged minoxidil and polar metabolites and much smaller amounts of the glucuronide of minoxidil, the 3'-hydroxy metabolite, and 2,4-diamino-6 piperidinopyrimidine also were excreted by the dog. Evidence was obtained for a glucuronide conjugate of the 4'-hydroxy metabolite in this species. The major circulatory material in dog plasma was the 4'-hydroxy metabolite, whereas it was the glucuronide of minoxidil in monkey plasma. PMID- 807714 TI - Inhibition of the primary lesion of adjuvant. induced polyarthritis in rats (18 hour arthritis test) for specific detection of clinically effective anti arthritic drugs. AB - Adjuvant-induced polyarthritis can be induced in rats 14 to 21 days after subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of a 0.5% suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in heavy mineral oil into a hind paw. However, edema volume of the injected pay (primary lesion) developed rapidly and reached a peak in 18 hours after injection and persisted at this level for up to 90 hours. A single oral dose of 25 clinically effective or experimental antiarthritic agents given 1 hour prior to M. tuberculosis injection and tested 18 hours later significantly inhibited edema formation in a dose-related fashion. Only D-penicillamine and azathioprine which are clinically effected, gave false-negative responses in this test. However, cyclophosphamide, another immunosuppressive like azathioprine, was effective. The ED50 values for most drugs in this test were at least 2-fold greater than in the carrageenan edema test. On the other hand, of the 17 drugs considered as false positives in the carrageenan test only the antihistaminic agent, chlorpheniramine maleate, was effective in the 18-hour arthritis test, whereas several other agents with this activity but different chemical structure proved ineffective. In addition, 18 other agents from various classes of therapeutic agents were also tested and found ineffective in each test. These data suggest that the 18-hour arthritis test in rats is highly specific and a more reliable screening procedure than carrageenan-induced edema for detecting potentially useful antiarthritic agents. The practical advantages of this method are also discussed. PMID- 807715 TI - Further electrophoretic characterization of strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Mobility patterns of 5 isoenzymes in strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis were demonstrated using polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Six stock strains were compared in these patterns to 4 strains representative of each of the previously described 4 major "phenotypic sets." Stock strains segregated into predicted "phenosets." and essentially confirmed validity and reproducibility of such a discrimination method. The proposal that new strain designations be assigned on a basis of "phenoset" conformity is reaffirmed. PMID- 807716 TI - Studies on the conditions required for optimum recovery of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain S (Phenoset A) after freezing to and thawing from -196 C. AB - The toxicity of several cryoprotective agents was tested at room temperature (23 C) against Tetrahymena pyriformis strain S (Phenoset A) at different stages of growth cycle. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-40) at 10 per cent (v/v) concentration was without effect at any stage in the growth cycle, while 1.2 M glycerol immobilized the cells which were disrupted very shortly afterwards. The toxicity of 0.25 M glucose was largely independent of the position of the cells in the growth cycle, but the toxicity of 0.25 M sucrose and 1.4 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was most marked in late log- and stATIONARY-PHASE CELLS. After log-phase cells had been equilibrated with 1.4 M DMSO for 1 hr, the number of cells surviving cooling at defined rates from 0.45 to 12 C/min decreased as the final temperature decreased from -30 to -60 C. A temperature of -53 C was found to be the optimum from which cells cooled at a given rate could be cooled rapidly to 196 C. Nevertheless, when cells were cooled at defined rates to -35, -45, or -53 C and then rapidly to -196 c the optimum rate of cooling to these temperatures was found to be 1 C/min. The optimum rate of cooling to -60 C prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen was found to be 2.7 C/min. PMID- 807718 TI - Antigenic differences among epimastigotes, amastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Antigenic differences were demonstrated among trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi by the indirect fluorescent antibody method. Tests using cross-absorbed sera were included in the study. PMID- 807717 TI - Comparative studies on related free-living and pathogenic amebae with special reference to Acanthamoeba. AB - Comparative studies were conducted on the structure, nutrition, protein composition, immunology, and effect on cell cultures of Acanthamoeba sp. (Lilly A 1 strain), A. castellanii (Singh and Neff strains), A. astronyxis, A. comandoni, A. polyphaga, A. terricola, Hartmannella vermiformis, and Naegleria gruberi. Lilly A-1 strain of Acanthamoeba received special attention owing to its pathogenicity for experimental animals. Distinct differences were noted in structure, nutrition, and antigenic composition of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella, and it was concluded that their recognition as separate genera is justified. With the exception of A. terricola, all species of Acanthamoeba could be differentiated by cyst structure. Cysts of A. terricola closely resembled those of A. castellanii Singh strain, and close antigenic relationships between these 2 species were demonstrated by gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP); it was concluded that the 2 amebae belong in the same species. The pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp, Lilly strain differed from the nonpathogenic A. castellanii Singh strain (a) cyst structure; (b) protein distribution patterns (on disc electrophoresis);(c)soluble and particulate antigens (on gel diffusion, IEP, complement fixation, and immobilization tests); (d) capacity to induce cell free plaques and other cytopathic effect (CPE) in mammalian monlayer cell cultures; (e) elimination of a phospholipase, responsible for some of the CPE, into the culture medium. Acanthamoeba sp. Lilly strain, which liberated more phospholipase, produced more CPE. Acanthamoeba sp. Lilly strain differed also from other species of this genus in cyst structure and antigenic composition. It was concluded, therefore, that, following the recommendation of Singh & Das, it ought to be placed in a separate species, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. PMID- 807719 TI - Extraction and preliminary use for diagnosis of soluble precipitating antigen from Babesia bigemina. AB - Soluble antigen from bovine blood with a Babesia bigemina parasitemia of 5-6% formed 4 precipitin lines in gel diffusion tests with antiserum from infected cattle. Antigen was obtained from plasma and hemolysate by elution from DEAE cellulose columns and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation as well as from washed parasite erythrocyte stroma by sonication or freeze-thawing. About 5 ml of antigen suitable for diagnostic tests could be extracted from 200 ml of infected blood. PMID- 807720 TI - A new liquid medium for Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. AB - A new liquid medium, with fetal calf serum as the sole undefined component, was devised for the cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi. The need for the serum is ascribed to its mitogenic proteins, which stimulate division of, and the uptake of [3-H-] thymidine by the parasites. In the new medium, T. cruzi has a cycle culminating in the apperance of up to 90 per cent metacyclic forms in the stationary phase. This cycle is repeated on each serial transfer. PMID- 807721 TI - Reduced growth of Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti freed of intracellular symbiotes by chloramphenicol. AB - The intracellular symbiotes of Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti can be eliminated from cultures of the flagellates by a single chloramphenicol (CAP) treatment. Effective dosages were determined to be 0.01-0.08 per cent (w/v) CAP after a treatment for 2 weeks or more for B. culicis and 0.08 per cent (w/v) after 1 month for C. oncopelti in most cases. Ineffective dosages only lowered the numbers of symbiote-bearing flagellates. Growth of both species of flagellates in the presence of CAP was reduced in proportion to the drug concentration. Repeated subcultures at effectie dosages yielded symbiote-free flagellates, which maintained a low level of growth rate. After repeated subcultures at ineffective dosages, the growth rate rose and the symbiote-bearing cells, initially very few, increases in number. The lowest effective dosages proved to be marginal, often producing symbiote-free cultures, but occasionally cultures with a few symbiote-bearing cells. After repeated subcultures at these drug concentrations, symbiote-containing cultures grew faster than the symbiote free cultures. Hence, the symbiotic bacteria benefit the growth of their hosts, perhaps by supplying essential factors that are adequate even in a rich blood medium. PMID- 807722 TI - Contractility of glycerinated Amoeba proteus and Chaos-chaos. AB - Immediate contact with large volumes of cold 50% (v/v) buffered glycerol preserved typical ameboid shape of Chaos chaos and Amoeba proteus with no visible distortions. These technics allowed determination of the contraction sites in these glycerinated models upon applications of ATP-Ca-Mg-solutions. The ectoplasmic tube was the main site of contraction. Preliminary EM investigations revealed thick and thin filaments, associated with the ectoplasmic tube near the plasma-lemma, which appeared to be the basis for the contractility of the ectoplasmic tube. There was no predominant contraction of the pseudopodial tips or the endoplasm in these models. The changes of volume were as much as 50%, and in some cases were not accompanied by any change in the length of the ameba; however, lengthwise contractions of the ectoplasmic tube in some amebae occurred to as much as 25%. The data substantiate a basic requirement of the ectoplasmic tube contraction theory of ameboid locomotion. PMID- 807723 TI - A mathematical model of pattern formation by swimming microorganisms. AB - Bioconvection in suspensions of Tetrahymena pyriformis and Crypthecodinium cohnii is described and 2 new patterns, the toroid and the cat's-eye, which appear in shallow suspensions of C. cohnii, are reported. Except in very dense cultures, bioconvection does not arise unless the depth of the suspensions or the mean concentration exceed certain critical values, other things being equal. A mathematical model describing the hydrodynamics of suspension of negatively geotactic microorganisms is described which predicts the existence of critical depths and concentrations. The equations presented admit solutions describing the "polka-dot" patterns seen at low organism concentration in suspensions slightly deeper than the critical value. The discussion here is limited to the case of fairly dilute suspensions, but the basic approach can be applied also to richer cultures. PMID- 807724 TI - [The spine in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. AB - The authors have studied the various spinal manifestations of Rechlinghausen's disease. They observed static disorders, such as progressive and non progressive kyphoscoliosis, tumours outside the spinal cord but within the vertebral column of neurinoma type or meningiomas and intraspinal glial tumours. Pseudo-tumoral dystrophic malformations, together with diffuse osteo-dystrophy the skeleton were also observedmthe most interesting and rarest manifestation, as there are to date only 23 published cases, is festooning or vertebral scalloping, which may be demonstrated by tomographic examination and completed by the use of contrast media, e.g. opaque myelography giving the pitted appearance and gas myelography showing the integrity of the spinal cord. The physiopatholoty of the latter form is not clearly established. This may be either of meningeal origin or bony origin, with a dystrophic character. PMID- 807725 TI - Fetoscopy: an overview. PMID- 807726 TI - Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of antigen-stimulated macrophages. PMID- 807727 TI - Cross-reactivity between organ extracts of gnotobiotic mice and enterobacterial common antigen. AB - Organs of gnotobiotic mice were assessed for an Ag (CRA) which cross-reacts with common enterobacterial Ag(CA). To this end, extracts of homogenates of spleens, livers, paired kidneys and colons were examined for their capacities to engender humoral and cellular events in rabbits. The immjnogenicity of CRA in the rabbit cannot be predicted on the basis of CA hemagglutinin-inhibition studies alone. According to this parameter, CRA was present in mouse spleens, livers and paired kidneys but absent in colons. However, the identical preparations, including colons, primed rabbits to engender specific CA hemaglutinins after a single administration of enterobacterial CA. Also, spleens of these same rabbits were colonized with rosette-forming cells against sheep red blood cells treated with various enterobacterial sources of CA. These findings may account, in part, for the apparent refractiveness or equivocal response mice have to administered CA and infectious challenge. PMID- 807728 TI - Heavy chain isotype suppression: a review of the immunosuppressive effects of heterologous anti-Ig heavy chain antisera. PMID- 807729 TI - Clinical studies on the significance of DNA:anti-DNA complexes in the systemic circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Evidence has gradually accumulated that DNA antibodies play a pathogenic role in SLE in combination with DNA, as DNA: anti-DNA complexes, but until recently there was no direct assay for such complexes. By measuring DNA binding before and after DN'ase digestion, an indication of the amount of DNA complexes in biological fluids was obtained. This assay was used to examine sera from patients with SLE or non-SLE nephritis. DNA:anti-DNA complexes were detectable only in the circulation of patients with SLE, almost invariably with active nephritis. When a large series (50) of SLE patients were serially examined, similar results were found. Significant amounts of DNA:anti-DNA complexes were found in the circulation only during active CNS and/or renal lupus. Persistence of the complexes was associated with treatment resistance and increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, DNA:anti-DNA complexes were found in the CSF of a patient with CNS lupus. PMID- 807730 TI - Heterogeneity of IgM/IgG cryocomplexes: immunological-clinical correlation. AB - A detailed study has been made of the mixed cryoglobulins (MCs) occurring in four patients with different disease states. These included (1) macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom with an IgM(K)/IgG cryocomplex containing Clq, free DNA, rheumatoid factor, anti-ssDNA and VDRL activity; (2) Peetom-Meltzer syndrome with an IgM(K)/IgG cryocomplex containing free DNA, Clq, Cls, fibrinogen, alpha2 macroglobulin and beta-lipoprotein; (3) rheumatoid arthritis with an IgM(K)/IgG cryocomplex containing rheumatoid factor, free DNA and anti-ssDNA activity; and (4) angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with an IgM(K)/IgG cryocomplex containing rheumatoid factor, free DNA and anti-I cold agglutinin activity. All of these patients exhibited multisystem involvement with evidence of vascular injury. A review of the MCs found in various clinical states, reveals that whereas in systemic lupus erythematosus MCs almost invariably possess antinuclear factor activity and contain DNA as well as some components of complement, in Peetom Meltzer syndrome MCs do not have these characteristics, but invariably have strong rheumatoid factor activity, usually absent in MCs from systemic lupus erythematosus. MCs in lymphoproliferative disorders have strong rheumatoid factor activity but not ANF activity. In infectious diseases, MCs usually exhibit strong rheumatoid factor, VDRL and cold agglutinin activity, and co-precipitate with alpha2-macroglobulin. While there is some overlap in the characteristics of MCs from various clinical diseases, the above mentioned differences are probably of some biological importance and require further investigation. PMID- 807731 TI - Preparation and properties of 5-phenylphenoxymethylpenicillin. AB - Cycloaddition of azidoacetyl chloride to benzyl D-5,5-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2 thiazoline-4-carboxylate (1a) gave 5-phenyl-6alpha-azidopenicillanate (2a). By catalytic reduction of 2a and reaction with phenoxyacetyl chloride, 5-phenyl-6 epiphenoxymethylpenicillin benzyl ester (4a) was obtained. Oxidation of 4a gave the sulfoxide 6, which was isomerized in the presence of DBN. The sulfoxide 7 with the normal configuration could be isolated but deoxygenation of the sulfoxide was not successful. Isomerization of 4a with DBN, either with or without silylation of the side chain, gave a mixture from which 5 phenylphenoxymethylpenicillin benzyl ester (5) was isolated. Compound 5 was debenzylated to 5-phenylphenoxymethylpenicillin potassium salt (8). The antibacterial activity of 8 was low, whereas the 6-epimer 9 was inactive. Contary to published information, the 5-phenylpenam derivative 4c could be prepared by the same method. PMID- 807732 TI - Synthesis of N-10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid and related compounds. AB - Compound 21 (N10-methyl-4-thiofolic acid) and related compounds were prepared as potential inhibitors of the cofactor forms of tetrahydrofolate. The preparation of 2-acetylamino-4-(benzylthio)-6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine (4) provided an intermediate that was allowed to react with methyl p-[(3 aminoacetonyl)methylamino]benzoate oxime (16). The oxime function of the resulting 6-substituted aminopyrimidine 6 was hydrolyzed to give the corresponding acetonylaminopyrimidine 7, which on reductive cyclization gave methyl p-[[[2-amino-4-(benzylthio)-7,8-dihydro-6 pteridinyl]methyl]methylamino]benzoate (9). This dihydropteridine was oxidized with potassium permanganate, and the product was treated successively with sodium hydrosulfide to replace the benzylthio group and with aqueous sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze the ester function to give p-[[(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-thioxo-6 pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoic acid (N10-methyl-4-thiopteroic acid, 12). Another route to 12 involved the interaction of 2,5-diamino-4,6 dichloropyrimidine (15) with 16 to give methyl p-[[(2-amino-4-chloro-7,8-dihydro 6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoate (13). Displacement of the chloro group of 13 with sodium hydrosulfide followed by the simultaneous air oxidation of the dihydropteridine ring and saponification of the ester group gave 12. After protection of the 2-amino and 4-thioxo moieties of 12, the resulting intermediate benzoic acid was coupled with diethyl L-glutamate. The product of this reaction was deblocked to give 21. Methylation of 21 gave the corresponding 4-(methylthio) derivative 22, which on reaction with hydrazine gave the 4-hydrazino analog 23 of methotrexate. Reduction of 12 and 21 with sodium hydrosulfite gave the dihydropteridines 24 and 25, respectively. The title compound was an excellent inhibitor of the growth of Streptococcus faecium ATCC 8043. However, this and related compounds were ineffective inhibitors of dihydrofolic reductase and showed no significant activity in either the KB cell culture screen or against L1210 leukemia cells in mice. PMID- 807733 TI - Substituted 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin-2-ones. AB - A series of 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin-2-ones has been prepared. A new synthesis of 4-alkyl-1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-4-imidazolin 2-ones involving the oxidative ring closure of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde 2-(2 hydroxyethylalkyl)semicarbazones is described. The in vitro testing of the compounds against a variety of bacteria is reported. PMID- 807734 TI - Synthesis of a fluorescent derivative of amethopterin,. AB - Fluorescein isothiocyanate was treated with excess diaminopentane and the remaining unsubstituted amino group of the product was condensed, via a carbodiimide-promoted reaction, with a carboxyl group of amethopterin. The final product, a fluorescent derivative of amethopterin, was isolated by chromatography on AE-cellulose and preparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide. It was shown to be homogeneous by analytical polyacrylamide electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. Proof of structure was provided by elemental analysis, absorbance spectra (at pH 7.0, lambdamax at 495 nm; fluorescence emission at 520 nm), and 1H NMR measurements. The fluorescent derivative of amethopterin inhibited transport of amethopterin into Lactobacillus casei and L1210 cells. It was also a good inhibitor of the L. casei and L1210 dihydrofolate reductases and could be used to provide a fluorescent label for the enzymes during polyacrylamide electrophoresis. PMID- 807735 TI - 2-Phenethylimidazole derivatives. Synthesis and antimycotic properties. AB - Compounds of type (X = O, NH; Ar and Ar' = phenyl of substituted phenyl; ten examples) were prepared and assayed against miconazole (II,X = O; Ar = Ar' =2,4 Cl2C6H3) as potential antimycotic agents. Optimal activity was noted for I(X = O; Ar = Ar' = 2,4-Cl2C6H3), the direct analog of miconazole. It is about one-tenth as active. PMID- 807736 TI - Monocyclic antibiotic beta-lactams. AB - The preparation and antimicrobial activity of a series of beta-lactams (3a-f) are described. These compounds were prepared from the 2+2 cycloaddition of beta,beta disubstituted enamines with aryl isocyanates; compounds 3a-f underwent facile beta-lactam ring fission between aminal carbon atom C4 and the lactam nitrogen N1. The resisting formylacetanilide derivatives were devoid of antibiotic activity. PMID- 807737 TI - Elements involved in site-specific recombination in bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 807738 TI - Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila. H. Enzymatic discrimination of wild-type and suppressor tyrosine transfer RNA. PMID- 807739 TI - Usefulness of blood cultures in confirming septic complications in burn patients: evaluation of a new culture method. AB - A prospective evaluation of several techniques used to monitor thermally injured patients for septic complications was initiated. Thirty-eight extensively burned patients, at high risk for septic complications, were selected for study. Of these, 92% developed significant burn wound infection. Careful daily clinical evaluation and serial quantitative burn wound biopsy cultures provided the most effective means of establishing an early diagnosis of would sepsis. Serial blood cultures performed by the two different techniques were of very limited value in the recognition were not recovered until 5-10 days following documentation of heavy bacterial colonization of the burn wound. PMID- 807740 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans: a histologic and microradiographic analysis of surgically excised lesions. AB - The excised fragments of six osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle were found to be composed of viable hyaline articular cartilage over-lying a totally cellular, metabolically active ossific nucleus, which in turn rested in a bed of fibrocartilage. At the interface between the fibrocartilage and the bone, enchondral ossification was seen histologically and verified by microradiographic evidence of bone formation and resorption. The present authors propose that this classical dissecans lesion is a reparative process and, in most cases, will proceed to complete union of the ossific nucleus with the remainder of the bone of the femoral condyle. PMID- 807741 TI - Scanning electron microscopical demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus antigens by immunological markers. PMID- 807742 TI - Proceedings: Microtubules and filaments during fertilization in Heliophrya erhardi (ciliata, suctoria). PMID- 807743 TI - Preservation of membrane ultrastructure with aldehyde or imidate fixatives. PMID- 807744 TI - Hexamer of bacteriophage f2 coat protein as a repressor of bacteriophage RNA polymerase synthesis. AB - Formation of complex I between phage f2 RNA and coat protein, leading to repression of phage RNA polymerase synthesis, depends nonlinearly upon the concentration of the coat protein. Maximum formation of complex I was observed when six molecules of coat protein were bound to one molecule of RNA. RNase digestion of a glutaraldehyde-fixed complex left, as the products, coat protein oligomers. The heaviest, hexamers, predominated in the mixture. It was also shown that, in an ionic environment required for phage protein synthesis, coat protein at a concentration optimum for complex I formation exists in solution as a dimer. The results indicate that the translational repression of the RNA polymerase cistron is due to a cooperative attachment to phage template of three dimers of coat protein, forming a hexameric cluster on an RNA strand. PMID- 807745 TI - N-Glycosidase activity in extracts of Bacillus subtilis and its inhibition after infection with bacteriophage PBS2. AB - We have detected in crude extracts of Bacillus subtilis an N-glycosidase activity which catalyzes the release of free uracil from DNA of the subtilis phage PBS2 labeled with [3H]uridine. This DNA contains deoxyuridine instead of thymidine. The enzyme is active in the presence of 1.0 mM EDTA and under these conditions Escherichia coli or T7 DNA labeled with [3H]thymidine is not degraded to labeled acid-soluble products. The activity resembles an N-glycosidase from E. coli which releases free uracil from DNA containing deaminated cytosine residues. Both enzymes in crude extracts are active in the presence of EDTA, do not require dialyzable co-factors, and have the same pH optimum. They differ in that the enzyme from E. coli is more sensitive to heat, sulfhydryl reagents, and salt. The enzyme from B. subtilis is inactive on DNA containing 5-bromouracil or hydroxymethyluracil. Extracts of PBS2-infected B. subtilis lose the N-glycosidase activity within 4 min after infection and contain a factor that inhibits the N glycosidase activity within 4 min after infection and contain a factor that inhibits the N-glycosidase activity in extracts of uninfected cells in vitro. PMID- 807746 TI - Psoas-bladder hitch procedure: our experience with repair of the injured ureter in men. AB - Nine patients with injury to the pelvic portion of the ureter successfully underwent the psoas-bladder hitch procedure and tunnelization as an antireflux measure. Of these 9 patients 1 had a Boari bladder wall flap next to the hitch procedure to further elongate the posterolateral corner of the bladder and to bridge a ureteral defect more than 5 cm. Postoperatively, 2 patients had ureteral reflux on the side of repair and 1 had reflux on the opposite side, which was caused by excision of the bladder tumor and damage of the muscle layers backing the undamaged ureter. PMID- 807747 TI - Current results from treatment of bladder tumors with total cystectomy at roswell park memorial institute. AB - Results of our recent cystectomy series revealed good survival for patients with superficial bladder tumors. The morbidity rate was low, 8.6 per cent. Our series showed a statistically significant postoperative morbidity rate in a high risk patient group, then justifying preoperative selection of patients as condidates for this major operation. However, we believe that despite relatively good results in reducing the morbitidy and mortality rates and improvement in survival, the over-all results in treatment of bladder tumors with operation alone are still unsatisfactory and there is an urgent need to develop and to investigate new and combined modalities of treatment. PMID- 807748 TI - On the occurrence of ganglioneuroma and cysts of Henneguya ophiocephali Chakravarty 1938 in a fish. AB - A ganglioneuroma is described on the integument of a fish, Tengra tengra, together with intense parasitization of its gill filaments with the protozoon, Henneguya ophiocephali. PMID- 807749 TI - Nodular suppurative cutaneous cellulitis in a Galapagos sea lion. AB - Necropsy was performed on a sea lion (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki), sacrificed in an advanced (pre-terminal) stage of disease, possibly represenatative of the Galapagos epizootic of 1970-71. Predominant features of the disease were nonumbilicated multiple suppurative cutaneous nodules, debilitation and loss of motor power. Histopathological studies of the skin lesions disclosed suppurative cellulitis, with leucocytic invasion extending, in some instances, to all layers of the epidermis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from cultures of blood and pus. PMID- 807750 TI - Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wapiti (Cervus canadensis roosevelti). AB - Serotypes 1 and 4 Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 14 of 72 wapiti among four of five herds studied in northwestern California. More isolations of Listeria were made during the summer months than during the other months of the study from one of the herds. The pathogenicity of the strains varied with their ability to ferment xylose and rhamnose. PMID- 807751 TI - Experimental reproduction and antibody inhibition of marble spleen disease of pheasants. AB - An extract of spleens from three pheasants affected with marble spleen disease was used as an intravenous inoculum to transmit the disease to pen reared pheasants (Phasianus colchicus x Phasianus torquatus). The disease was prevented by specific convalescent pheasant antiserum and by antiserum from turkeys that had recovered from hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. The causative agent of the disease passed through 0.22 mu filters, resisted chloroform and retained its precipitin antigen quality after propagation by bird passage. Filterability, chloroform resistance, antigenic characteristics and in vivo response to antibody strongly indicate that the causative agents of marble spleen disease is a virus very similar to the virus which causes hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. PMID- 807752 TI - Leucocytozoonosis in Canada geese at the Seney National Wildlife Refuge. AB - A history is given of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge and the losses of goslings of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) recorded since inception of the refuge in 1935. Since 1960, when more reliable data became available, losses have been estensive every 4 years. Goslings deaths are attributed to the infection with Leucocytozoon simondi. The blackfly (Simulium innocens) is considered to be the prime vector in the transmission of this blood parasite to goslings. PMID- 807753 TI - Personal prophylaxis for venereal diseases. PMID- 807754 TI - Editorial: Bizarre blackouts. PMID- 807755 TI - [Therapeutic effect of lividomycin on infections of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - Therapeutic effect of lividomycin was observed in patients with infections of the respiratory tract (infections in association with bronchiectasis, mixed infections of cavities after negative conversion of tubercle bacilli, pneumonia, and so forth). Significant improvement of clinical symptoms was observed in 15 cases and no improvement in 4 cases. Lividomycin was administered at a dose of 1 g/day for 3 to 15 days. Staphylococcus aureus (9 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 case), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (3 cases), Aerococcus (4 cases) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case) were suggested to be causative organisms in the above-mentioned patients. (In one case, however, causative organism was not determined.) Lividomycin seemed to be effective in cases of infections with Staphylococcus aureus, alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas not effective in a case of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to differentiate causative organisms from the organisms constantly existing on the upper respiratory tract, alkali treatment was employed as an aid for the determination of the causative organisms. However, further studies are desirable for the evaluation of this procedure. PMID- 807756 TI - [Studies on the therapeutic effects of lividomycin in respiratory infections (author's transl)]. AB - Therapeutic effects of lividomycin (LVDM) were studied in 33 patients with respiratory infections including pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic bronchitis, etc. LVDM was intramuscularly administered at the dose of 1 or 2 g per day for consecutive 4 to 25 days. The results obtained are summarized below: 1. At the end of the first week of the treatment, rate of improvement in such parameters as cough, sputum, rales, fever and blood sedimentation rate were 69%, 56.7%, 60%, 79.2% and 70% respectively. Also, in 16% of the patients, abnormal shadow noted in X-ray film of the chest was disappeared and in 20% of the patients, size of the same was reduced during the first week of treatment. 2. Therapeutic effects of LVDM were evaluated synthetically and were graded as excellent, good, fair and ineffective. LVDM was effective in about 70 per cent of the patients, that is, excellent results were obtained in 4 patients, good in 12 patients, fair in 6 patients, and in 10 patients this antibiotic was ineffective. 3. In one patient with slight loss of high frequency perception was observed on the audiogram, but no other ototoxic effects such as subjective hearing loss, tinnitus, etc. In addition, no untoward effects on renal and hepatic function were observed. 4. The MIC values of LVDM for clinically isolated 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined, using kanamycin for comparison. The MIC values of LVDM for many strains were superior to those of kanamycin. In view of the test results mentioned above, LVDM would appear to be useful medication for the treatment of some of respiratory infections. PMID- 807757 TI - [Amikacin treatment of septicemia due to gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 807758 TI - [Bacteriological studies on fosfomycin. Antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - We have examined the antibacterial activity of the new antibiotic, fosfomycin (FOM) in vitro and in vivo. The following results were obtained. 1. FOM showed a broad antibacterial spectrum. 2. The antibacterial activity of FOM was enhanced in the medium at pH 6 and pH 7, and was also influenced by the addition of rabbit serum, calf serum, glucose-6-phosphate or defibrilated sheep blood to the growth medium, and by the size of inoculum. 3 FOM showed especially strong bactericidal action upon the bacteria at the logarithmic phase. 4. FOM showed remarkable therapeutic effect against most strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria tested in experimental infections of mice. 5. The therapeutic effect of FOM was especially remarkable for infection with Salmonella. 6. The therapeutic effect of FOM was more potent than the other drugs tested against infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 7. It seems that FOM is more active in vivo than in vitro with respect to antibacterial activity. PMID- 807759 TI - [Laboratory studies and therapeutic effect on respiratory infections of a combined preparation of ampicillin and cloxacillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 807761 TI - Inhibiting materials for gamma phage adsorption to the cell wall of Bacillus anthracis, strain Pasteur No. 2-H. AB - Cell wall preparations of Bacillus anthracis, strain Pasteur No. 2-H, were treated with heat or with acetone and ether. Both of the treated cell walls preparations inactivated gamma phage. The centrifuged supernatant of the heat treated cell walls was fractionated on Sephadex G-200, and four fractions containing reducing sugars were obtained. The first fraction had the phage inactivating activity. On the other hand, the fourth fraction had no phage inactivating activity, but strongly inhibited phage adsorption to the cell walls. In the fourth fraction, glutamic acid, alanine, 2,6-diaminopimelic acid and glucosamine were detected by paper chromatography after acid hydrolysis. Authentic D, L-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid and D-glucosamine markedly inhibited phage adsorption to the cell walls. D-Galactosamine, D-mannosamine and L-lysine also showed similar activities. Results suggest the possibility that one or a combination of these substances defines the characteristics of phage adsorption to the cell walls of B. anthracis, strain Pasteur No. 2-H. PMID- 807760 TI - Cyclic fluctuations in coronary blood pressure and flow induced by coronary artery constriction. AB - Slow cyclic fluctuations were frequently observed in blood pressure of the distal portion of the partially constricted coronary artery of anesthetized dogs. Lowering the mean peripheral coronary blood pressure below 50% of the control value was required for initiation of fluctuations. Each fluctuation in pressure was composed of 2 phases; the phase of rise and phase of fall. Almost invariably, the phase of rise and phase of fall were accompanied by increase and decrease in coronary blood flow, respectively. When the mean peripheral coronary blood pressure fell below 20% of the control value during the phase of fall, systolic bulge and elevation of the ST segment of surface ventriculra electrocardiogram occurred. Period duration of each fluctuation ranged from 30 sec to 14 min. The cyclic fluctuations in pressure, flow, electrocardiogram and left ventricular wall motion were eliminated by nitroglycerin, but were not affected by phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, cervical vagotomy, and stellectomy. PMID- 807762 TI - Studies on gonococcal infection. I. Electron microscopic studies on phagocytosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by macrophages. AB - Macrophages from mice were infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae type 1 cells, and their ultrastructure was studied by electron microscopy. The macrophages showed various stages of engulfment and digestion of gonococci 2 hr after infection. Infected macrophages seemed to develop pseudopodia for phagocytosis, and could engulf more than 30 gonococcal cells. Some engulfed bacteria appeared morphologically intact, while others appeared lysed and some structures resembling the L form of N. gonorrhoeae were also seen. These observations suggest that gonococcal cells may be able to survive intracellularly with normal or altered forms of morphology, and that macrophages containing these bacteria may disseminate gonococcal infection in man. PMID- 807763 TI - Divalent cation stimulation of the cell infectivity of Shigella flexneri 2a. PMID- 807764 TI - Intraleukocytic bactericidal activity in patients receiving corticosteroid and radiation therapy, and in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Bactericidal activities of peripheral white blood cells obtained from patients and from healthy persons were examined in vitro. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Peripheral white blood cells from patients receiving corticosteroid and radiation therapy showed decreased levels of intracellular bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus. The leukocytes from almost all patients examined displayed intense activities of intracellular bacterial killing against Streptococcus pyogenes. 2. Only polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and macrophages obtained from patients in severe stages of diabetes mellitus exhibited decreased levels of intracellular bactericidal activities against S. aureus. 3. The leukocytes from all patients examined exhibited the same levels of intracellular bactericidal effects against S. pyogenes as leukocytes from healthy persons. 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was phagocytized by PMNs obtained from healthy persons, demonstrated a remarkable degree of resistance to any intracellular bactericidal effect. PMID- 807765 TI - Central cholinergic activation by chlorfenvinphos, and organophosphate, in the rat. AB - Effects of 2-chloro-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate, chlorfenvinphos, on spontaneous EEG, EMG and ChE activity in the brain and red blood cells were investigated in male Wistar rats. Chlorfenvinphos up to 1 mg/kg p.o. did not affect the ChE activity and the awake-sleep cycle. In doses over over 2 mg/kg, the ChE activity in the brain and red blood cells significantly decreased. The spontaneous EEG showed a prominent arousal pattern and appearance of slow wave sleep and parasleep was markedly depressed. Maximum inhibition of brain ChE activity was obtained 3 hr after the treatment and lasted for more than 72 hr. The duration of arousal pattern was proportional to the doses, however, the awake-sleep cycle returned to control on the 2nd day and a rebound increase in parasleep occurred on the 3rd day. Atropine depressed the EEG arousal pattern induced by chlorfenvinphos, without affecting ChE activity in the brain. The brain noradrenaline level was not altered with chlorfenvinphos. These results indicate that the appearance of EEG arousal pattern after chlorfenvinphos may be derived from central cholinergic activation. PMID- 807766 TI - Activities of hepatic microsomal electron transport system in prolonged ethanol treated rats. PMID- 807767 TI - The first full-time academic department of pediatrics: the story of the Harriet Lane Home. PMID- 807768 TI - [Clinical characteristics of angina pectoris in relation to disease of the coronary arteries]. AB - Clinical and coronary angiographic comparison conducted in 164 patients with typical angina pectoris demonstrated that the nature of the pains may serve as a criterion of the degree of stenosis and the number of diseased arteries. The development of typical anginal seizures indicates the presence of clear changes in the coronary arteries. A daily intake of over 10 pills of nitroglycerine is a sign of a narrowing of the diameter of the coronary arteries exceeding 75%. A growing number of daily taken pills of nitroglycerine indicates an increase in number of diseased coronaries. Pains occurring during or after meals, when lying down, awakening the patient at night are typical for coronary narrowings exceeding 75% of their diameter. Usually such pains are observed in patients with 2 and more cornary arteries affected by the disease. Rightward irradiation and especially strictly localized pains are often associated with the lesion of the right coronary artery. PMID- 807769 TI - 32P-therapy in polycythemia vera. AB - A group of 52 consecutive patients with polycythemia vera was submitted to long term therapy with radioactive phosphorus (32P). Initial phase of therapy induced complete remissions (normalization of hematogram; spleen not palpable) in 45% of the patients, and partial remissions in the remaining 55%. During maintenance therapy of the complete remission group, mean remission time was about 3.5 years. Individual remission times ranged between 1 and 6 years. In the group of patients with incomplete remission, mean remission time increased with the progression of the disease due to gradual development of "spent" -polycythemia. In patients with splenomegaly, remission time was negatively correlated to spleen size. In both groups the increment of annual accumulated dose averaged 2.4 mCi 32P. When considering polycythemia related causes of death only, mean survival time attained 12 years after initial treatment with 32P. Acute leukemia occurred in 2 patients (4%). PMID- 807770 TI - [Monomeric igM in acute and chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Monomeric IgM could be found rather frequently in acute hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis and occasionally also in chronic persistent hepatitis. Earlier it was reported in lympho-proliferative-, autoimmune diseases, some infectious diseases and in cirrhosis of the liver. The occurence of monomeric IgM in chronic aggressive hepatitis correlates with the detection of several autoantibodies (ANA, SMA, RF). The 7S-IgM-test may be used as an easily measurable additional criterium for diagnosis and course of chronic liver diseases. PMID- 807772 TI - [Clinico-bacteriological parallels in postoperative pulmonary complications]. PMID- 807773 TI - [Tubal small-intestinal feeding]. PMID- 807771 TI - [Myelomonocytic leukemia with Philadelphia-positive and Philadelphia-negative cell lines in early childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on an infant with myeloproliferative syndrome of the myelomonocytic type. The findings fulfilled the criteria for juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia except that there was no increase of fetal hemoglobulin and no depression of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I. In one half of the bone marrow cells a Ph1-chromosome was found. During the course of the disease the Ph1 positive clone was successively replaced by cell lines with different chromosomal aberrations. The relationship between the cytogenetic mosaicism and the clinical and laboratory findings is discussed. PMID- 807774 TI - [Effect of electrochemical factors on the cultivation of Hydrogenomonas eutropha Z-1 in an electrolytic cell]. AB - The effect of electrode processes on the cultivation of Hydrogenomonas eutropha Z I combined with electrolysis of the nutrient medium was studied. The phenomena occurring on the anode under different conditions of stirring and electrolysis were examined. The possibilities of eliminating adverse effects on the anode were established. The behaviour of trace elements precipitating on the cathode and the conditions of their dissolution were investigated. PMID- 807775 TI - Competitive effects of intestinal microflora on Vibrio cholerae in gnotobiotic mice. AB - The coexistence of Vibrio cholerae and several intestinal bacteria was determined in gnotobiotic mice. The bacteria tested included a Bacteroides sp, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens type A, 2 separate isolates of Escherichia coli, 2 different Lactobacilli, 2 separate isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas maltophilia, and Streptococcus faecalis. Each species of bacteria became established and was recovered repeatedly from the stools during the studies. No single strain or species was found that would eliminate V cholerae from these mice within 2 wk. Not until a combination of E coli, P mirabilis, and S faecalis was present in the mice did V cholerae disappear from the stools in 14 da. PMID- 807776 TI - Nonhuman primate restraint device for ocular drug studies. AB - A restraining device for nonhuman primates was designed which effectively prevented the animal from touching the eyes and thereby transferring a topically applied drug from 1 eye to the other. This permitted use of 1 eye of the same animal as a reliable control for observation of pharmacologic effects. The design permitted self-feeding by the animal. It did not produce chafing or pressure sores and resulted in no psychologic depression. The device has been used successfully for a 5-mo period. PMID- 807777 TI - Comparative study of proteins extracted form metal-induced allergic and foreign body granulomas in man. AB - In order to characterize proteins unique to organized epitheloid cells, proteins havebeen sequentially extracted form both foreign body and allergic granulomas in man at varoius times after intradermal injection of beryllium oxide suspension. Treitium-labeled l-tyrosine was injected intralesionally 2 weeks before excision of granulomas. Prolongedextraction with 8 m urea yeilded increases amounts of radioactivie protein form older (8-to 26-week) allergic granulomas but not from 4 to6-week-old or foreign body granulomas (consisting of mononuclear cells and phagocytes). Sephadex G-200 column chromatographyand sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the urea extractsfrom 8-week and older allergic granulomas revealed distinct readioactive protein peaks with molecular weights of approximately 172,000 to 208,000. Antisera raised to one of these proteins gave a precipitin line in agar gel diffusion with lines of identity againsturea extracts of several allergic granulomas but not against similiar extracts of foreignbody granulomas. The results suggest synthesis of distinctive high molecular weight proteins in allergic granulomas which may serve as "markers" for organized epitheloid cell granulomas as they transform from mononuclear cells. PMID- 807778 TI - A case of neurofibromatosis in the dog. PMID- 807779 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis and the pancreas. AB - Although carcinoma of the pancreas is an increasingly prevalent form of human cancer, there has been relatively little experimental work on the etiology of this tumor until recently, probably because of the lack of adequate experimental models. However, at least two good experimental systems are now available. Several epidemiologic investigations suggest that chemical carcinogens may induce cancer of the pancreas in humans. If this is so, chemicals must reach the pancreas either through the blood supply or by reflux into the pancreatic duct from bile or duodenal contents. The route of exposure may vary according to the chemical and physical characteristics of different chemical carcinogens. Additional work is needed to determine the ability of different classes of chemicals to reach the pancreatic duct by these routes and the presence of enzymes required for activation of carcinogens in the pancreas. Levels of such enzymes as well as the response of cells of the pancreatic duct to carcinogens may be affected by the physiologic state of the pancreas or pathologic conditions within it. Research is needed to investigate these possibilities. PMID- 807780 TI - Prevention of tracheal stoma recurrences after total laryngectomy by postoperative irradiation. AB - Patients with advanced glottic cancer, in whom there is extensive subglottic disease and/or low cervical lymph node metastasis, have a high incidence of recurrence in and about the tracheal stoma. Stoma recurrences can be prevented by immediate postoperative megavoltage radiotherapy when the stoma is included in the irradiated volume. PMID- 807781 TI - Blood group compatibility and aortic valve allotransplantation in man. AB - Immunologic injury is an important contributing factor in failure of aortic valve allografts. The etiology of this immune reaction is unknown, but blood group antibodies have been postulated. In 46 patients, ABO and rhesus blood group compatibility bore no relationship between the success or failure or aortic valve allotransplantation. Therefore, circulating blood group antibodies do not contribute to valve failure, and recipients do not have to receive aortic valve allografts matched for ABO or rhesus compatibility. PMID- 807782 TI - Changes in the structure of the DNA of Drosophila Melanogaster during development and aging. AB - The DNA and RNA content of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster under goes two cycles of synthesis and loss during the larval and pupal stages of development. The adult stages show little or no change with age in DNA content. Thermal melting curves, sedimentation velocities and CsC1 buoyant density measurements have been used to show that the molecular weight of larval DNA is of the order of 10-4 daltons. However, a fraction of the larval DNA (about 25%) is of a molecular weight greater than 10-6. Molecular weights increase during the later larval and pupal stages until a maximum of greater than 10-6 is reached during the adult stages. The molecular weight of embryonic DNA is greater than 10-6 but is rapidly degraded after hatching during early first instar larval development. Several interpretations of these data are offered. Buoyant densities in cesium salts showed no developmental or age-related changes. PMID- 807783 TI - The steepness of the dose response curve both for tumor cure and normal tissue injury. AB - At the Christie Hospital in Manchester, 4 MeV radiation was introduced in 1955. In consequence of a lack of knowledge of absolute dose definition and R.B.E. factor, patients were treated over a range of dosage. Three hundred fourteen patients with laryngeal cancer, treated over a time interval of three weeks, received doses over a range of 5,000 rad to 5,800 rads. Recurrence, morbidity and necrosis rates are plotted against dose. In T1 tumors there is very little variation in recurrence rate, and such tumors may be safely treated at the lower doses thus avoiding morbidity and necrosis. T3 tumors, however, show a considerable variation in recurrence rate being 68 percent at the lower end of the range, dropping to 30 percent at the high end. Necrosis nil at the lower end rises to some 8 percent at the high end. The balance of advantage of tumor sterilization versus the disadvantage of normal tissue damage is discussed. PMID- 807785 TI - The influence of oxygen and hypoxia on laryngeal cancer management. PMID- 807784 TI - Biologic discussions augmenting radiation effects and model systems. PMID- 807786 TI - Torques developed by different types of shoes on various playing surfaces. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of shoe type, playing surface, weight supported and stance position upon the torques developed at the shoe-turf interface. The study was predicated upon the assumption that many knee injuries are torque-related and due to foot fixation, either by rigid cleating or by excessive traction between the shoe and playing surface. A laboratory apparatus was designed to measure the torque developed by various shoe surface combinations. Under investigation were 11 shoe types, three artificial surfaces and natural grass, two player weights, and two player foot-stance positions. Torque data were gathered using impact loading, with an impact energy that is probably often experienced under competitive playing conditions. Resulting data indexed the shoes according to the mean torques developed on each of the playing surfaces, and comparisons of torque data with field studies by other researchers suggested which shoe-surface combinations might be the most potentially hazardous. PMID- 807787 TI - Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in adults with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and responses to arginine infusion were studied in 17 adults with severe protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Calcutta, India. Patients were selected for the severity of their malnutrition and for absence of other diseases. After 2-4 mo of refeeding there was complete clinical recovery, and control studies were performed. Glucose tolerance, as assessed by intravenous glucose-tolerance test (IVGTT), was reduced in PCM. Insulin response, both to glucose and to arginine infusion, was clearly reduced. The K value of the IVGTT correlated well with the ratio of mean to basal serum insulin during the first 40 min of the test. Basal serum insulin was nearly unchanged in PCM as compared with after recovery, although one patient studied serially showed a temporary drop in basal insulin during the first week of refeeding. In PCM, plasma amino acid levels failed to fall in response to arginine-induced insulin secretion as they did in the control studies. It appears that insulin secretory response is severely reduced in PCM and that a degree of insulin resistance in relation to body weight is present. These changes result in diminished glucose tolerance and probably in a reduced rate of tissue utilization of amino acids. Such alterations may be of adaptive significance in chronic PCM. PMID- 807788 TI - Isolation, cloning, and hybridization of endocrine cell lines. PMID- 807789 TI - Metabolic drug interactions--a critical review. PMID- 807790 TI - The one-step approach to thyroid function tests. The diagnostic thyroxine ratio (DTR)/serum thyroxine (T4) level combination. AB - A one-step approach to thyroid function tests is reported, using Tetralute kits (Ames). Two parameters are obtained simultaneously--namely, the serum thyroxine (T4) level and the diagnostic thyroxine ratio (DTR), which correlates well with the free thyroxine index (FTI) as determined by two separate tests-the T4 level and the triiodothyronine resin uptake ((T3U)) estimations. Data presented from patients with a variety of thyroid states prove that the DTR, particularly in combination with the T4 level, is adequate for the assessment of thyroid dysfunction in almost all circumstances. PMID- 807791 TI - Go ..., eat thy bread with joy. AB - Bread--man's oldest "convenience food" --is often overlooked in this era of "take away" and snack foods. Bread is a nutritious food which contributes protein, vitamins of the B group, some calcium and iron as well as starch, the preferred form of carbohydrate, to the diet. Being low in fat it is not as high in calories as is often thought. PMID- 807792 TI - The exodus of long-stay psychiatric patients. AB - Increasing criticism is being made of the policy of discharging long-stay psychiatric patients to the community. A study of such ex-patients who had left Callan Park Hospital was undertaken to assess this policy in New South Wales. The majority were unemployed pensioners, living in convalescent homes and boarding houses, who stated that they were happier than when living in Callan Park Hospital. It would appear that one type of institution has been substituted for another, and that greater responsibility for the care and rehabilitation of such ex-patients needs to be offered. PMID- 807793 TI - [Anticoagulant efficacy of Sintrom and blood concentration of Ludiomil on simultaneous administration of the two preparations]. AB - As long-term anticoagulant therapy with coumarin derivates like Sintrom becomes more and more important the question arises whether there is an interaction with a new drug like Ludiomil. An open, noncomparative trial was carried out with 20 patients receiving Sintrom (overall mean :3.0 mg/d, range :0 to 10 mg/d) for a period of 4 weeks, and in addition, during the second and third week Ludiomil (50 mg t. i. d.) orally. As a measurement of the efficacy of the antiocoagulant therapy, the correlation coefficients between the doses of Sintrom and the prothrombin value of the nex day were calculated for each patient and each week separately. An analysis of variance did not show any statistically significant difference between the correlation coefficients of the weeks with and without Ludiomil therapy, i.e. there is no change in the efficacy of the anticoagulant therapy. During the Ludiomil therapy the control of the anticoagulant therapy was slightly better, i.e. the fluctuations of the prothrombin values less, but statistically these differences were not significant. The plasma levels of Ludiomil in these patients were similar to thse found previously in both depressed and healthy volunteers. PMID- 807794 TI - In vitro modification and restriction of phage phi-105c DNA with Bacillus subtilis N cell-free extract. AB - The enzymes involved in host-controlled modification and restriction by Bacillus subtilis strain N were detected in cell free extracts. In the presenct of Mg2+ the N-specific endonucleases cleaved unmodified DNA but did not attack phi-105C. N DNA carrying N-specific modification. The restriction endonuclease required neither SAM nor ATP for its activity. The N-specific modification enzyme was active only in the presence of SAM, indicating that modification in this syteem is a methylation of DNA. PMID- 807795 TI - Ribosomal proteins of Bacillus subtilis vegetative and sporulating cells. AB - The ribosomal subunit proteins(30S and 50 S) from vegetative and sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis 168M were analyzed by two dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty two proteins were identified in the 30S subunits and 28 proteins are detectable in the 50S subunits. The number of proteins and their electrophoretic mobility seem to remain unaltered during the sporualtion process. The ribosomal proteins of a thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-4), isolated from stationary phase cultures, under permissive (for sporulation) and non permissive conditions, did not show any qualitative difference in either of the subunits. The 21S precursor particles derived from log phase cell ribosomes show two different proteins, in addition to those present in the 30 S subunit. It is suggested that these two proteins either disappear or are modified during the maturation process. PMID- 807797 TI - Action pattern of muscle glycogen synthase. PMID- 807796 TI - Adenine nucleotide metabolism in heat-synchronized Tetrahymena. AB - The metabolism of acid soluble adenine nucleotides in heat-synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis GL has been studied. In addition, the effect of the synchronizing temperature (34 degrees C) on adenine nucleotide metabolism in heat synchronized cells has been determined. In cells induced to divide synchronously through heat treatment (cyclic pulses of 34 degrees C for 30 min alternating with a 30 min recovery period at 28 degrees C) variations occurred in the levels of adenine nucleotides when samples of cells were analysed at the end of the last thermal period and at various time preceding the first synchronous cell division. The specific activities of the adenine nucleotides were found to be significantly higher during a pulse label period performed at the end of the last thermal period than at any time during the subsequent synchronous division cycle. The synchronizing temperature was found to partially deplete the intracellular stores at ATP in heat synchronized cells. This decrease was reversible with ATP levels recovering after 15 min of incubation at 28 degrees C. Fluctuations in the levels and specific activities of the adenine nucleotides are discussed in their relation to macromolecular synthesis and the cell cycle in Tetrahymena. PMID- 807798 TI - [Reanimation and pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Reanimation and "intensive treatment", by means of which the modern hospital is able to control the critical states on the borderline between life and death, have also opened up new aspects for pathology. The life-threatening phases of the illness have laws of their own for the course and other phenomena under the influence of intensive therapy. This will give expression to the term "vita reducta" purposely suggested for it. The intensive measures are briefly illustrated with regard to their possible general pathological effects and treated in detail, taking into consideration the constitutional basis of acute collapse of the cardio-vascular system and cerebral coma. Also, a critical attitude is taken on the often wrongly used term "clinical death" and especially to the problem of "intravital cerebral death". PMID- 807799 TI - [Diagnosis, pathogenicity and therapy of Candida (author's transl)]. AB - 400 sputa and 400 vaginal smears (each from 200 patients and 200 healthy subjects) were examined for candida. To establish "change of pathogen" and alteration of resistance, the isolated strains were differentiated and investigated for their sensitivity to amphotericin, gentian violet, Glyceromerfen, iodine, Castellani's paint, gentian violet-nystatin, nystain and BAY 5097. An attempt was also made to ascertain the germ count "suspected" of producing pathological conditions. Pathogenicity, diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 807800 TI - [Diffuse chronic mucocutaneous candida mycosis in childhood--an expression of immune deficiency]. PMID- 807801 TI - [Ulceration of the skin in necrobiosis lipoidica (author's transl)]. AB - As a supplement to earlier investigations, a case of a 46 year old female patient is reported who has suffered from necrobiosis lipoidica granulomatosa with ulceration for 17 years. A marked remission was obtained by treatment with anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy. It is pointed out that under the usual treatment when ulcers of the lower leg and other areas of the skin do not heal, after exclusion of malignancies, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum or necrobiosis lipoidica granulomatosa must be considered, especially as prophylactic examinations may arise. PMID- 807803 TI - [Use of synthetic tensides in diseased and stressed skin]. PMID- 807802 TI - [Radiation therapy of keloids and hemangiomas (author's transl)]. AB - Keloids and hemangiomas of the cavernous type which require treatment respond very reliably to X-rays. Adequate use of this therapeutic possibility offers considerable advantages to the patients in many cases and in addition it is without danger. Treatment of hemangiomas with beta radiation in the form of Sr 90/Y-90 plates for shortterm application to the skin is so safe and at the same time so successful that, in view of the not at all rare unfavorable spontaneous course, it seems rather risky to delay the indication to begin radiation therapy at the earliest possible moment. PMID- 807804 TI - [Users demands on scientific information systems (author's transl)]. AB - It is increasingly difficult for the scientist to keep in touch with research in his technical field because of the increasing number of publications. Scientific information systems of an electronic nature are probably the only way out of this dilemma. In order to be able to offer the best form of service, the modern documentation and information center must know the exact requirements and wishes of their potential users. In this papter the authors are concerned with the methods and results of such user analyses as they have been carried out up to now, principally in England and the USA. In spite of various insufficiencies of method, the results of these analyses have given many interesting glimpses into the standards of behavior of "consumers" of scientific literature. PMID- 807805 TI - [Criteria for the system selection in medicine (author's transl)]. AB - The selection of an electronic data processing system for use in the medical field is in many cases complicated by the fact that the tasks have not yet been defined accurately in detail. Therefore, the technical system planning may only be carried out on the basis of an organization study which, among other things, is to provide bases for answering questions about the structure of this system, about the places where subsystems should operate in the hospital, and about the individual levels of implementation. When selecting the system, the criteria to be taken into consideration include the technical efficiency, organizational range of application, reliability, assistance by the manufacturer and, last but not least, the cost - bearing in mind that, in the medical field, the weights may be placed quite differently from the commercial field. With this planning consideration should also be given to the possibilities of utilization not basing on a system of one's own. PMID- 807806 TI - [Legal obligation of the doctor in forced feeding? (author's transl)]. AB - In persons not in public custody, artificial or forced feeding must not be carried out against the will of the patient. In persons in public custody, forced feeding may only be permitted against the will of the prisoner on legal authority. Obligation for forced feeding only arises e.g. in principle with regard to the readiness for trial of prisoners on remand and in special cases also with regard to convicted prisoners. Limits to this obligation arise from the point of view of reasonableness and human dignity. PMID- 807807 TI - [The problem of tobacco, alcohol and drugs in boarding schools (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of tobacco, alcohol and drugs was investigated in various boarding schools in Switzerland. The number of smokers among 297 pupils in the Canton of Obwalden rose from 53% in the 12-14 year old children to 58% (15-17 years) and to 60% (18-20). In the St. Galler Oberland, 39% of the 12-13 year old children smoked and 48% of those aged 14-15 years; 75% of the younger and 64% of the older pupils preferred a glass of milk to a glass of alcohol. In the Canton of Neuchatel, 53% of 174 pupils aged from 15-17 were smokers; 10% had already tried drugs once. In the Canton of Graubunden, 33% of the 13-15 year old pupils and 34% of those aged 17-19 from a total of 166 smoked regularly or occasionally; none of the younger, but 8% of the older pupils had already tried drugs once. Of 412 Swiss pupils in boarding schools, 35% were smokers at the age of about 15-16, 52% at 17-18 and 68% at 19-20 years of age. PMID- 807808 TI - [The occurrence of eclampsia in the last six decades in the University Gynecological Hospital, Greifswald )author's transl)]. AB - Epricrisis evaluation of 308 eclampsias which were observed from 1910-1974 in a total of 62,910 birth (0,5%) showed a reduction of incidence from 3.1% to 0%. The etiology of eclampsia is still unknown even today. Primiparae are most frequently affected. Preexisting renal diseases and the pathological complications of a gestosis play a role. During the 64 years, therapy has alternated between the conservative and active. Accouchement force, if at all possible within the first hour after the first attack and simultaneous drug therapy (hypotensives, sedatives, diuretics) gave the best results. The regression of the frequency of eclampsia is due to the intensive antenatal consultation. PMID- 807809 TI - [Fine needle aspiration of 184 mammary cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Between December 1972 and March 1974, clinical, thermographic and mammographic breast examinations were carried out on 4005 patients. In 546 patients palpable breast tumors were found, of which 456 were clarified by the conventional surgicalhistological procedure, 105 cases of carcinoma being found. In 128 of the 4005 patients (=3.2%), 184 cysts were found. Of the 128 patients with breast cysts, an operation had to be performed on 3 because of the pneumo-cystographic findings, on 5 because of doubtful cytological findings, and on 30 because of an additional solid lump (which included 1 carcinoma and 1 carcinoma in situ). Of all patients examined during that period for palpable breast tumors, 90 (=16.5%) were spared a breast operation thanks to fine-needle aspirations confirming the presence of harmless cysts only. The proportion of relapses after one aspiration of the cyst, a procedure which can be repeated at any time, was 15.7% in this sample. PMID- 807810 TI - [Investigations of changes in the phenolsulphonphthalein plasma levels in pregnant women with EPH syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In 53 patients, 24 healthy pregnant women and 29 patients with EPH (edema, proteinuria, hypertension) syndrome, the intravenous phenolsulphonphthalein test was performed between the 32nd and 42 weeks of pregnancy. At the same time, the serum creatinine and estrogen excretion in the 24 hour urine were determined. According to this, normal pregnancy and also pregnancies with one or more symptoms of the EPH syndrome without raised blood pressure do not cause changes of the PSP plasma level. A statistically significant rise in the PSP plasma level is only found with a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg, and simultaneously a close correlation to the estrogen excretion in the urine (r = -0.4) and the blood pressure (r = 0.6). Estrogen excretion is reduced with increasing blood pressure (r = -0.75). No correlation could be established between the PSP serum level and the creatinine in the serum. PMID- 807811 TI - [Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with oral alpha-lipoic acid (author's transl)]. AB - 100 patients were treated with Thioctacid orally for diabetic neuropathy. A successful assessment was possible with sufficient certainty in 89 patients. Of these, 29 received 2 X 50 mg and 60 patients 2 X 100 mg Thioctacid daily. In the first group the treatment was successful in 23 patients, and in 51 of the second group. According to these findings, administration of thiotic acid is effective in diabetic neuropathy just as frequently orally as intravenously. PMID- 807812 TI - [Body plethysmographic investigations with the new bronchodilator NAB365 (author's transl)]. AB - NAB 365, a new beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator was tested in oral doses of 0,01, 0,02, 0,03, and 0,04 mg. An acute trial was carried out in outpatients, suffering from chronic obstructive airways disease. with doses of 0,02 and 0,04 mg NAB 365 a quick, dose related and statistically significant bronchodilation without remarkable side effects was found. PMID- 807813 TI - [Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination in the treatment of brucellosis (author's transl)]. AB - The results of therapy with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in 30 brucellosis patients are described. Clinical improvement and apyrexia were achieved in an average of 5 days. Duration of treatment was at least 3 weeks. No success was obtained with the drug in 2 patients while 4 relapsed during the observation period of 2-12 months. Significant side effects were not observed. The results are compared with similar publications. PMID- 807814 TI - [Letter: Do antirheumatic and anti gout drugs modify the effect of Marcumar?]. PMID- 807815 TI - [Letter: Phlebography before fibrinolytic therapy?]. PMID- 807816 TI - [Letter: Uricosuric effects of phenylbutazone?]. PMID- 807818 TI - [Letter: Advantages of an image enhancement equipment with TV-chain]. PMID- 807817 TI - Letter: Vaccination using a spray can?. PMID- 807820 TI - [Proceedings: Morphological, studies on the ethiopathogenesis and on the elimination of blood-vessel occlusion due to fat embolism]. PMID- 807819 TI - [Proceedings: Current trends in clinical oncology]. PMID- 807821 TI - [Proceedings: Pathology of myocardosis]. PMID- 807822 TI - [Proceedings: Symptamatology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections and their significance in human medicine]. PMID- 807823 TI - [Proceedings: First-time microcinematographic documentation of tumor-specific, cellular immune reactions pulmonary in squamous epithelial carcinoma]. PMID- 807824 TI - [Proceedings: Function of the transplanted kidney as related to the diurnal rhythm]. PMID- 807825 TI - Proceedings; Biochemistry of circadian rhythm in endogenous depression. PMID- 807826 TI - [Proceedings: Chronobiology of processes, depending on diurnal rhythm, and its significance in medicine]. PMID- 807827 TI - [Parathormone determination with synthetic human parathormone 1-34 (PTH) (author's transl)]. AB - Using synthetic human parathormone 1-34, a radioimmunological method for measuring this hormone fragment was developed which, as the amino-terminal PTH assay, permits the measurement of the concentration gradient in the neighborhood of OTH-secreting tumors. The use of preoperative location diagnosis in primary hyperparathyroidism is demonstrated with some typical cases, especially in revision operations. PMID- 807828 TI - [Clinical aspects of Crohn's disease. Report of experience at the Munich surgical university hospital 1954-1974]. AB - Crohn's regional ileitis, which is differentiated into acute, chronic uncomplicated and chronic complicated forms, is seen to have a high complication rate in the long run. It is the fistulae to sections of the intestine which are not primarily diseased, the fistulae to the bladder, vagina and retroperitoneal space, fistulae opening on the abdominal wall and perianal fistulae which make the primary condition a serious disease. In the chronic stage, an adequate resection of the intestine in good time can lead to healing. Detour anastomoses which leave behind the affected section of the intestine gives poor results. PMID- 807829 TI - [Proceedings: Possibilities of the combination therapy. Chemotherapeutic report]. PMID- 807830 TI - [Proceedings: Radiobiological report on the principles of combination therapy]. PMID- 807832 TI - [Proceedings: clinical experience with combined radio-chemotherapy]. PMID- 807831 TI - [Proceedings: Aims and possibilities of combined radio and chemotherapy for neoplasms. Society of Physicians, Vienna meeting on December 6, 1974]. PMID- 807833 TI - [Meniscopathy as occupational disease (author's transl)]. AB - Meniscopathy develops through internal causes alone without any external influence. Work such as that of a miner underground, which is associated with particular strain on the knee joint may aggravate this disorder. If such work has been carried out for at least 3 years, an occupational disease is to be assumed. If the complaint only makes its appearance 5 years after ending injurious work, the causal connection must be assessed critically, taking into account age, duration of work and the results of microscopic investigations. PMID- 807835 TI - [Clavicular pseudarthroses in childhood]. PMID- 807834 TI - [The meniscus from embryonal and functional points of view (author's transl)]. AB - The menisci are not secondary developments of the joint capsule. Rather they develop quite separately from the parenchyma, independently of the joint capsule, that lies in the interrupted zone of the central bar of the primary anlage of the extremities. In this functional unit of the knee joint, only selective intervention must be carried out in predisposition to disturbances, symptoms of disease or injury, and not unplanned interference. Only then will the joint become capable of carrying a load once more and be spared from further secondary damage. Consequently the die is already cast at the first examination for a systematic and successful treatment. PMID- 807836 TI - [Complications following repeated and protracted anesthesias]. PMID- 807837 TI - [Critical assessment of angiographic findings in malignant tumors of the extremities (author's transl)]. AB - Five selected cases out of a total of 36 patients who had been investigated by angiography for tumors of the extremities are demonstrated in order to show the difficulties which can arise in the interpretation of their angiograms. In the subsequent discussion, the classical criteria of Dos Santos for malignant tumors are analyzed; in agreement with other authors, we state, that only unequivocal tumor vessels are characteristic of malignant processes. With certain reservations - especially in the differentiation of malignant and inflammatory processes - the parenchymal phase and the functional behaviour of the circulation permits conclusions to be drawn on the nature of the morbid changes. PMID- 807839 TI - [Hospital infections from the neurosurgical point of view (author's transl)]. AB - A report is made on infections of the trachea and of the bladder which occurred in patients of a neurosurgical intensive care unit. The development of resistance and counter-measures are discussed in detail. PMID- 807838 TI - [Comparison of technical measuring methods for the diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. AB - Four technical methods of measurement were used simultaneously in angiographically established occlusions of the iliac artery (n = 9), long occlusions of the superficial femoral artery (n = 22), stenoses of the superficial femoral artery (n =14), isolated occlusions of the arteries of the lower limb (n = 6) and in an arteriographically inconspicuous control group (n = 11). The following parameters were used for the analysis of variance: time for return of resting pulse amplitude for oscillography under exertion, difference between arterial pressure in the arm and ankle for the ultrasonic Doppler pressure measurement, peak flow after arterial oppression for venous occlusion plethysmography and pressure equilibration time for the peripheral phlebodynamometry. All four methods were suitable for the differentiation of extremities with and without arterial insufficiency with greater statistical significance (p smaller than 0,001). Venous occlusion plethysmography appears to be particularly suitable for scientific problems. Ultrasonic Doppler pressure measurement is available as the method of choice for the rapid and reliable detection of arterial insufficiency. PMID- 807840 TI - [Modern serological diagnosis of syphilis (author's transl)]. AB - After discussion of the antigen structure of Treponema pallidum it is shown that only reactions with the pallidum antigen can establish a serological diagnosis of syphilis. Reactions with Reiter antigen are superfluous, reactions with lipoid antigen (cardiolipin) are non-specific and not very sensitive and consequently only conditionally useful as a test reaction. The behavior of the Treponema and lipoid antigen reactions is different in the various stages of lues, and consequently permits certain conclusions to be drawn from the reaction pattern on the stage of lues present or on the therapeutic success by quantitative longitudinal assessment. The special conditions in the cerebrospinal fluid are discussed. PMID- 807841 TI - Uptake of bacterial DNA by Chlamydomonas reinhardi. AB - Escherichia coli [3H]DNA supplied to vegetative cultures of wild-type (mt+) and CW15 (mt+;mutant lacking the cell wall) Chlamydomonas reinhardi could bind to the cell wall of the wild-type and to the cell membrane of CW15 mutant cells. The extent of this binding decreased with time and was to a large degree (over 90%) DNA-ase-sensitive. Nevertheless, about 0.01% of the bacterial DNA remained irreversibly associated with the cells when they reached stationary phase. The irreversible binding of the donor bacterial DNA to Chlamydomonas cells could be increased by treatment of the cultures with polycations such as DEAE-dextran, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-ornithine. Although the CW15 cells rapidly degraded bacterial DNA in the culture medium wild-type cells showed only a small effect on the molecular weight of the donor DNA. The acid-insoluble radioactivity irreversibly bound to WT (+) cells consisted mainly of oligonucleotides with a small proportion present as less depolymerized donor DNA. No radioactivity, however, was found to be associated with the recipient high molecular weight Chlamydomonas DNA. No labeled donor DNA could be recognized in the cells given bacterial [3H]DNA in early stationary phase. Instead, radioactivity found in Chlamydomonas DNA corresponded to reutilization of [3H]thymine derivatives released as a result of [3H]DNA degradation. No evidence for the integration of detectable amounts of donor DNA sequences into the host cell DNA was obtained. PMID- 807842 TI - Genetic instability in Drosophila melanogaster: Mutable miniature (mu). AB - A new mutable gene, mutable miniature wing (mu), is described. This mutable gene mutates spontaneously at an inordinate rate both germinally and somatically. Two classes of reversions of mu have been found in approximately equal frequency: those to an allele with an intermediate phenotype (mi) and those to a subliminal allele (ms) equivalent to wild type in phenotype. Reversions appear to be mutationally stable. The chronology of genetic events leading to the discovery of mu implicates, but does not prove, the insertion of a "foreign" DNA segment as the basis of mutability. PMID- 807843 TI - Serum myoglobin levels predicted from serum enzyme values. PMID- 807844 TI - Editorial: Testing drugs: men, mice and baboons. PMID- 807845 TI - Medicine and public affairs. Forward, cautiously, with the forward plan for health. PMID- 807846 TI - Immunological studies of the anticryptococcal factor of normal human serum. AB - Preliminary studies have shown a very high inhibitory activity in the alpha2 and gamma zone of human serum towards the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans. These findings are now corroborated by single radial immunodiffusion tests, which showed the some loss of IgA and IgM globulins and of the other three globulin fractions (ceruloplasmin, alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha2 HS glycoprotein) which migrate in the alpha2 zone. The data was obtained by single radial immunodiffusion tests. The losses were not statistically significant however. No change in the immunoglobulin content of the sera kept for 6 days in contact with a heat-killed suspension of C. neoformans was noted. These findings suggest, that the inhibitory activity of the normal human serum on the in-vitro growth of C. neoformans is due to the above mentioned globulin fractions and not to a single specific factor. PMID- 807847 TI - The ultrastructure of Candida krusei. AB - Various methods of chemical fixation and freeze-drying of Candida krusei were compared to determine the most appropriate method for the ultrastructural investigation of the thick walled organisms of this genus. Freeze-drying without chemical fixation was of little value because of insufficient variation in electron density. Potassium permanganate was able to penetrate the intact cell but failed to show cytoplasmic glycogen and lipid and some details of the cell wall. While normal glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and osmium tetroxide treatment failed to permeate and preserve intracellular structures, several cycles of rapid freezing (- 155 degrees C) and thawing followed by glutaraldehyde fixation and osmium tetroxide post-fixation demonstrated the intracellular details of the majority of cells so treated. PMID- 807849 TI - [Fluorescence bacterioscopy, a direct method for bacteriological food analysis]. AB - The present bacteriological method which is intended for the simultaneous direct detection of live and dead germs in foods, offers certain difficulties in differentiating between bacterial cells and food consituents of similar forms. Furthermore, gram-negative germs are not disclosed. To overcome these difficulties, the authors performed comparative model experiments with Gram's stain and the fluorescence method, including pure cultures and foods of animal and vegetable origin. Among the fluorochromes tested (primuline, auramine, acridine orange and acridine yellow), acridine yellow has proved to be specially suited and superior to Gram's stain. A method is described which is termed fluorescence bacterioscopy. Its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. PMID- 807848 TI - [Thin layer chromatographic separation and enzymatic detection of carbamate pesticides in plant extracts]. AB - The authors developed a thin-layer chromatographic technique for the separation of carbamate pesticides from plant material and an enzymatic method for their determination. The cellulose plates were impregnated with polar substances (ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and beta,beta'-oxydipropionitrile). n Heptane/chloroform and iso-octane/dioxane served as solvents. The slight enzyme inhibiting effect and the colouration of the plant extracts render the detection of the pesticides difficult. Nevertheless, the separation and the enzymatic detection of Methomyl, Carbaryl, Baygon and Aldicarb could be achieved. The Rf values of the carbamates are not influenced by the kind (apples, pears, onions) and the quantity (50--200 mg) of the plant material. PMID- 807851 TI - Cross bridges as the major source of compliance in contracting skeletal muscle. PMID- 807850 TI - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia induced in monkeys by purified acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 807852 TI - Growth-dependent changes in terminal heterogeneity involving 3'-adenylate of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. PMID- 807853 TI - PCB concentrations in North Atlantic surface water. PMID- 807854 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA fragment that binds to eukaryotic ribosomes. AB - The nucleotide sequence has been determined for the first 53 bases of brome mosaic virus RNA4, the monocistronic messenger for brome mosaic virus coat protein. The sequence includes the binding site for wheat embryo ribosomes. The 5'-terminal base is a modified guanosine attached to the penultimate base through a 5' p-p-p 5' link. The initiating AUG codon is only 10 nucleotides from the 5' terminus. The triplets following the AUG codon correspond to the known sequence of brome mosaic virus coat protein. PMID- 807855 TI - Genes for immunoglobulin heavy chain and serum prealbumin protein are linked in mouse. PMID- 807856 TI - Genetic relationship of a primate RNA tumour virus genome to genes in normal mice. PMID- 807857 TI - Scrapie incubation time can exceed natural lifespan. PMID- 807858 TI - Synthesis and conformations of hypothalamic hormone releasing factors: two QRF analogues containing backbone N-methyl groups. PMID- 807859 TI - Follow-up of certain immunologic indicators in the treatment of plasmacytoma with cyclophosphamide in combination with plasmapheresis. AB - Changes in the immunoglobulin and complement levels in untreated plasmacytoma were compared with those resulting from massive doses of Cyclophosphamide (15--25 mg per kg b. w. at intervals of 10--14 days) applied in combination with double plasmapheresis (involving removal of about 500 ml of plasma). A follow-up of the levels of normal immunoglobulins, paraprotein, total complement and the C3 component revealed a significant decline in the total complement following each single application of this treatment, but the decrease in C3 was nonsignificant. A decline of about 20% in immunoglobulins and of about 15% in paraprotein was observed in relation to the pretreatment values, but only that in the IgM class proved to be of statistical significance. The decrease in proteins was also established with the methods of total protein determination (refractometric or biuret methods) and was found to amount to 1000--3000 mg% after each dose of Cyclophosphamide with plasmapheresis. In the author's view, a combined Cyclophosphamide-plasmapheresis treatment is effective for achieving clinical remission. It should, however, be kept in mind that the effect of protein and paraprotein depression persists for only a few days, hence, to achieve long-term results, this treatment should be repeated in 2--3 week's cycles. The lowered values of humoral immunity indicators do not increase the danger of complications from a clinical aspect, when suitable preventive measures are taken. PMID- 807860 TI - Renal accumulation of glycosphingolipids. Report of a case and a review of literature. AB - A 62-year-old woman gave clinical manifestation of liver cirrhosis. Urinary protein was false positive, no uremia was found and renal changes were entirely overlooked. Deposition of abundant lipids (globoside and ceramide trihexoside) was found in the kidneys; essentially degenerative changes of the tubular epithelia were noted. These renal changes were compared with those in Fabry's disease. PMID- 807861 TI - Editorial: Microbial contamination of water used for hemodialysis. PMID- 807862 TI - The bacteriological quality of hemodialysis solution as related to several environmental factors. AB - The bacterial concentrations of the municipal water increased by more than 39 fold when subjected to reverse osmosis; then decreased by greater than 200-fold within the reservoir and water supply system of the hemodialysis center. The bacterial concentrations of dialysate solutions in contact with proportioning single-pass artificial kidney machines were as low or lower than the water from the hemodialysis center system (less than 10 CFU/100 ml.). The complete opposite was observed in the recirculating single-pass artificial kidney machines where bacterial concentrations in the dialysate solution reached levels greater than 1.0 X 10(6) CFU/100 ml. PMID- 807863 TI - [Oligoclonal immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 807864 TI - [Activation of electroencephalographic changes with the aid of an ultra-fast acting barbiturate Brietal (methohexital): results of studies in 200 patients]. PMID- 807866 TI - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the behaviour of rats pretreated with alpha-methyltyrosine. PMID- 807865 TI - [Value of EEG studies in the differential diagnosis of seizures in children]. AB - The importance of various morphotic elements of EEG tracings in the diagnosis of seizures in children is discussed with particular reference to seizures connected with fever. The common neurophysiological mechanism of epileptic discharges in various epileptic seizures in children and adults is stressed calling attention to the fact that EEG investigation in only one of the elements on which the diagnostic process should be based. Attention is called also to the prognostic significance of duration of post-seizure slowing down of the background activity and occurrence of focal spike discharges at the site of greatest slowing of the activity - the greater is this slowing (above one week) the worse is the prognosis. In view of a considerable range of the concept of electroencephalographic normality in children it is stressed that EEG investigations should be repeated after the seizure to study the dynamics of bioelectric changes: the duration and type of EEG abnormalities. PMID- 807867 TI - Amantadine in Parkinson's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with long-term follow-up. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with long-term follow-up of amantadien i- Parkinson's disease was performed on 26 patients. Other antiparkinsonian medications were discontinued in all but three patients. Amantadine resulted in a statistically significant 12 percent overall improvement over placebo. Twenty of 26 patients, without breaking the code, selected amantadine for long-term usage. Ten patients continued treatment for 10 to 12 months, and an overall statistically significant improvement was noted at 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, and 10 to 12 months. Improvements in tremor and rigidity remained relatively constant, while there was some apparent loss of efficacy in timed tests and quality of timed tests. Amantadine appears effective in the long-term treatment of some patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 807868 TI - Quantitative estimation of cerebrospinal fluid globulins in multiple sclerosis. A comparison of electrophoretic and immunologic methods. AB - CSF samples were obtained from 44 multiple sclerosis patients during exacerbation and from 50 age and sex-matched non-multiple sclerosis controls. In an attempt ot select the most suitable test for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, each sample was analyzed by three methods: (1) electrophoresis, (2) electroimmunodiffusion, and (3) radial immunodiffusion (RID). Electrophoresis, electroimmunodiffusion, and radial immunodiffusion yielded positive results in 50, 55, and 59 percent of the multiple sclerosis patients respectively. Electrophoresis, electroimmunodiffusion, and radial immunodiffusion yielded 10, 12, and 8 percent false positives (beyond mean +/- 1 S.D.) respectively. Thus the three tests did not differ much with regard to yield of true or false positive results. When factors such as simplicity, time and equipment involved, and the interval between the test and results are taken into account, radial immunodiffusion appears to be most suitable for an avverage CSF diagnostic laboratory. For a laboratory with special interest in multiple sclerosis, agarose gel-electrophoresis of concentrated CSF appears to be the test of choice. PMID- 807869 TI - Long-term evaluation of amantadine and levodopa combination in parkinsonism by double-blind corssover analyses. AB - Twenty-three patients with Parkinson's disease participated in long-term, double blind evaluations of the effectiveness and side effects of amantadine in combination with levodopa therapy. Sixteen patients completed the year-long study, which consisted of randomized crossover of amantadine and placebo before levodopa was begun and again after 5 and 11 months of continuous levodopa therapy. Initially, 16 of 23 patients (70 percent) had a favorable response to amantadine during the first crossover period. After 1 year of levodopa, at least eight of 16 patients (50 percent) responded favorably to amantadine compared with placebo. Some of the amantadine responders previously had been nonresponders, and vice versa. The response to amantadine was quantitatively similar in the responders even after the patients had been receiving levodopa therapy. Amantadine should be tried as a therapeutic agent in addition to levodopa for parkinsonism if more beneficial effect is desired, even if amantadine was previously ineffective in the same patient. PMID- 807871 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome revisited: A review. PMID- 807870 TI - Taking care of the caretakers. PMID- 807872 TI - Two methods of controlling bacterial contamination of audiometer earphones. PMID- 807873 TI - Duplication of the vermiform appendix: case report. PMID- 807874 TI - Friction blisters and cellulitis in a navy recruit population. PMID- 807875 TI - Disorders of autonomic function (dysautonomias). PMID- 807877 TI - Prototype design for a mobile dental clinic. PMID- 807876 TI - Autonomic hyperreflexia: a review. PMID- 807878 TI - The incidence of postoperative wound infections during the Vietnam conflict. PMID- 807879 TI - Green fingernails: a possible pathway of nosocomial pseudomonas infection. PMID- 807880 TI - Editorial: Emergency treatment of hand injuries. PMID- 807881 TI - Government and private medicine: future directions. PMID- 807882 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 807883 TI - Research in transfusion therapy, 1974: a review. PMID- 807884 TI - Rehabilitation of the upper extremity traumatic amputee. PMID- 807885 TI - Voluntary female sterilization in a Military hospital. PMID- 807886 TI - Geographic mobility and the military child. PMID- 807887 TI - Unilateral gynecomastia and impotence during low-dose spironolactone administration in men. PMID- 807888 TI - The British Crimean medical disaster--ineptness or inevitability? PMID- 807889 TI - The significance of the 7th Medical Brigade insignia. PMID- 807890 TI - Editorial: The clinician's new problem-hyperdaguerreotypism. PMID- 807891 TI - [Use of isolators in the treatment of acute leukemias]. PMID- 807892 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Clinical use. PMID- 807893 TI - Editorial: Hypertensive retinopathy. PMID- 807894 TI - Listeria monocytogenes septicemia in pregnancy. AB - A case of Listeria monocyto-enes septicemia in a patient with a poor reproductive history is presented. The clinical aspects and implications of this infectious disease during pregnancy are discussed, and the role of Listeria as a cause of recurrent pregnancy wastage is summarized. PMID- 807895 TI - Is Rh immunoglobulin indicated in patients having puerperal sterilization? AB - Prophylactic administration of Rh immunoglobulin to all Rh-negative women undergoing sterilization procedures has been advocated to prevent Rh isoimmunization, thus allowing transfusion of Rh-positive blood to those individuals in the future. However, results from a survey of 23 hospitals in the United States and 95 hospitals in the state of Iowa indicate that Rh-positive blood is rarely given to Rh-negative women in an emergency. Since 7 of 100 Rh negative women are sensitized by their last pregnancy and the chance that any of those 7 women will ever receive Rh-positive blood is probably less than 2%, the advisability of routinely using Rh immunoglobulin in this situation is questioned. PMID- 807896 TI - Band keratopathy due to hyperparathyroidism. AB - A patient with hyperparathyroidism and corneal calcifications is reported. The calcifications appeared following phosphate treatment and persisted for 31/2 years, despite local instillation of EDTA. Local application of EDTA after mechanical removal of the corneal epithelium completely eliminated the corneal deposits. PMID- 807897 TI - Chairside decontamination of endodontic files. AB - Chairside decontamination. of files and reamers is attempted during root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some techniques for reducing the number of microorganisms of artificially contaminated endodontic files. Endodontic files were artificially contaminated with about 10,000 colony-forming units of either B. subtilis spores or S. mitis. The files containing the bacteria were then subjected to various decontamination procedures. Although sterilization was not achieved with any procedure, the bead sterilizer was found to be the most effective decontamination method tested. All gauze wipings showed reductions greater than 90 per cent. It was concluded that wiping with 2 by 2 inch gauze is a highly efficient and practical method of chairside decontamination PMID- 807898 TI - Structures of biogenic origin from Early Precambrian rocks of Euro-Asia. AB - Spheroidal microfossils mainly 20 to 100 mug in diameter and exhibiting granular surface textures have been recovered from Early Precambrian rocks by applying a new method of water separation in combination with thin chemical preparation. In contrast to the Acritarcha, these microfossils are characterized by a relatively low specific weight (close to one) and considerable fragility due to impregnation by mineral matter. They occur in Archean sediments of Hindustan, in rocks of the Baltic and Aldan Shields with ages of 3.0 to 3.5 billion (10-9) years, and in Proterozoic deposits in many regions of Euro-Asia. They commonly occur in great number in Precambrian sediments of West Africa, Australia and North America. These forms are here regarded as Menneria Lopuchin and are considered to be blue green algae. Menneria resembles alga-like forms reported by Engel, Nagy and their co-workers from the Onverwacht Series and microfossils reported by Schopf and Barghoorn from the Fig Tree Series, both of the Swaziland System of southern Africa. In addition to spheroidal microfossils, ribbon-like and filiform microstructures are here reported from Archean deposits. The biogenic structures here described from the Early Precambrian of Euro-Asia are considered to have been photosynthetic and planktonic. Their progressive evolution, intensive production of organic matter, and biogeochemical role in concentration of rare elements is discussed. PMID- 807899 TI - [A hospital epidemic due to Achromobacter calcoaceticus]. AB - 35 patients were secondarily infected in our hospital with a strain of A. calcoaceticus resistant to the usual antibiotics and sulfonamides, but sensitive to colimycin. The epidemic lasted 118 days and is not yet finished. Each of the infected patients had a severe surgical or medical illness, underwent operations, trachetomy, etc. and was treated with antibiotics. A. calcoaceticus persisted alone or was associated with other bacteria from 1 to 46 days, in specimens (sputum, etc. or in blood) sometimes until death. It is not pathogenic for rabbits and mice; its pathogenicity in man is discussed in the text. The epidemic strain was not harboured by 15 doctors, students or nurses, nor present on 147 objects in the vicinity of the patients, but was found in a bottle of aqueous 1% eosin solution in the room of an infected child. Experiments show that A. calcoaceticus is not killed by a 1% eosin solution, and freely multiplies in broth containing 0,5% eosin. It is easy to identify the first case and chronology of the epidemic, but it is less easy to identify each time the means of propagation. Usually, infected patients seem to be the source of further infection. Does eosin paly more than an occasional role? Were the germs transported by dust? This not very disturbing epidemic suggests that less pathogenic germs may still cause unsuspected hospital epidemics. PMID- 807900 TI - [Immunoglobulin D. Physiology and pathology excluding myeloma]. AB - Immunoglobulin D is the fourth class of immunoglobulins secreted by the plasma cells and also, in 5% of lymphocytes, this is a surface immunoglobulin. Its serum levels are about 0.03 mg/ml, due to low secretion, intersititial diffusion and intense catabolism. IgD migrates on electrophoresis in the beta-gamma zone, on immuno-electrophoresis, in the beta2 zone. Only one disulphide bridge links the delta-chains together. The light chains, are, in most cases, lambda chain. Studies of the antigenic characteristics of the delta-chains are in progress. IgD does not take up complement, but has an antibody function. 37% of healthy subjects have anti IgD antibodies. Only 4 cases of monoclonal IgD gammopathy without malignant myeloma, have been reported. Anto-antibodies of IgD nature have been described in various connective tissue diseases or auto-immune processes. PMID- 807901 TI - F antigen. II. Chemical and physical properties. AB - Physical and chemical properties of the liver-specific F antigen suggested a model for the labile quarternary structure of the protein. The native molecule showed a size slightly larger than 60,000 dalton (d), which was reduced to about 40,000 d under acidic conditions. Breaking of hydrogen bonds by chaotropic treatment resulted in the release of components of 30,000, 7,000 and 2,000 d. The smallest component was split to fragments of about 1,000 d by the reducing action of sulfhydryl compounds. PMID- 807902 TI - Non-specific immunological function in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. AB - Immunological function was investigated in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, both in the untreated stage of the disease and in remission. IgM concentrations were found to be raised in 7 out of 29 patients during the untreated stage. There were only minimal changes in 1gG, 1gA and C' concentrations, and in the incidence of auto-antibodies to normal tissue components. Reactions to standard skin tests were considerably impaired--only 2 out of 10 leukaemic patients in remission responded to 2 or more of these tests. Furthermore the response in leukaemic patients was much weaker than in the corresponding controls. PHA stimulation of lymphocytes from patients in remission showed considerable variation from near normal to gross impairment but a response below 40% of normal was associated with a short remission period, suggesting that PHA stimulation may be a useful indication of the likelihood of relapse. PMID- 807903 TI - [Some aspects of immunologic disorders in Waldenstrom's disease]. PMID- 807904 TI - [Klosseliosis in small laboratory animals]. PMID- 807905 TI - Letter: Marasmus and kwashiorkor. PMID- 807906 TI - Use of intravenously administered lipid in neonates. PMID- 807907 TI - Otitis externa in the dog -- a clinical and microbiological study. AB - The effect on canine otitis externa of a topical preparation composed of Fucidin, Framycetin, Nystatin, and Prednisolone was evaluated in a clinical trial comprising 235 dog ears. Cases caused by parasites or foreign bodies and cases requiring systemic therapy were excluded. Swabs from these and an additional 434 affected ears were examined bacteriologically and the sensitivity to antibiotics of the bacteria isolated determined. The infection most frequently diagnosed was staphylococci plus yeasts (29 % of total material) followed by pure yeast infections (19 %) and pure staphylococcus infections (16 %). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Proteus mirabilis were found in 7 % of the ears, while no organisms could be isolated from 22 %. Sensitivity tests showed a satisfactory in vitro effect of Neomycin (Framycetin) on most of the bacteria commonly isolated, and a very good effect of Fucidin on the staphylococci. Approximately 91 % of the ears treated were clinically cured or improved very considerably; the relation between clinical response and type of infection is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. It was confirmed that infections with Ps. aeruginosa represent a special problem; the results of post-treatment sensitivity tests seem to suggest, however, that a longer or more intense course of treatment than the one used in the trial (two weeks) would provide the answer to this. PMID- 807909 TI - [Letter: Australia Antigen and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 807908 TI - Herd incidence of bovine mastitis in four Danish dairy. districts II. Evaluation of the effect of the mastitis control scheme. AB - Bacteriological and cytological examinations have been carried out on samples from 6,808 cows belonging to 339 herds in four Danish dairy districts. After a discussion of differences between the districts as regards intensivity of mastitis control, public health surveillance, etc., definitions are given of certain terms, such as presence of bacteria, infection, pathogenic versus non pathogenic (less pathogenic) organisms. The rate of infection with pathogenic organisms varies between districts from 23% to32% on a cow basis, and from 8% to 12% on a quarter basis. A comparison, on a cow basis, of the occurrence of pathogens as recorded in 1955/58 in three Danish surveys comprising 11 dairy districts, with the occurrence as recorded in four districts in 1972, showed a decline in incidence of between 7 and 9 percentage units. Together with the decline in incidence a definite change in the composition of the udder flora has taken place during that period. In particular, there was a pronounced fall in the occurrence of Group B, C, G, and L streptococci, and a relative increase in the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus. A comparison, on a quarter basis, with the occurrence of pathogens in 30 English herds subjected through three years to intensive mastitis control, including systematic treatment of dry cows, teat dipping, and weekly inspection, showed that by such a programme a slightly lower level of infection was reached than in the 399 Danish herds which had been subjected to collective control for 10-15 years. The annual financial loss per cow suffering from mastitis being estimated at D.kr. 600.-, the reduction noted in the occurrence of bacteria in cows' udders implies an annual national saving of D.kr. 42 million on account of the Danish mastitis control. The total annual expenditure on Danish mastitis control is estimated at D.kr. 9million expenses would rise to some 70 million D.kr. if all registered cows were to be treated on drying-off, and if general teat dipping was to be carried out. PMID- 807910 TI - [Medically treated severe arterial hypertension. Long term course]. AB - Antihypertensive therapy was performed in 47 patients having severe or malignant hypertension. The duration of the survey was two years. A highly significant decrease in blood pressure was observed. The decrease was not dependent on the type of antihypertensive treatment. Renal function was reduced at the beginning of the treatment. The renal insufficiency partly or totally diminished in course of time. Coronary insufficiency was noted in 5 patients. Coronarography showed thrombotic atherosclerosis in only one patient. A significant increase in lipids, cholesterol and triglycerids was nearly constant. The meaning of such facts is discussed. PMID- 807911 TI - Biosynthetic pathway of ribothymidine in B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus involving different coenzymes for transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. AB - Ribothymidine (m5u) in tRNAs of M. lysodeikticus is not derived from methionine. The results indicate that as in tRNAs of B. subtilis a tetrahydrofolate derivative is involved in the formation of m5U, whereas methionine serves as precursor in the biosynthesis of m7G, m1A and m6A. Ribothymidine also occurs in 23S rRNA of B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus. Approximately 2-3 moles of m5U residues were found per mole of 23S rRNA. In contrast to m5U residues present in tRNAs of B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus, ribothymidine in 23S rRNA of these organisms and of E. coli is synthesized via S-adenosylmethionine. m6A and m1G, present in E. coli rRNAs, were not detected in rRNAs of (methyl-14C) methionine labeled B. subtilis and M. lysodeikticus. PMID- 807912 TI - Effects of purified polychlorinated biphenyl analogs on chicken reproduction. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds were administered in the diet to White Leghorm pullets for 10 weeks. Average embryonic mortality in eggs from pullets fed Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254 and 2,4,5,3',4',-pentachloro-biphenyl was 54.7, 59.2 and 74.0 percent, respectively, which was significantly high (p less than .001) compared to controls; however, these three feeds were shown qualitatively to have dibenzodioxin contamination. Degree of chlorination of PCB analogs may not infer that they are toxic, but rather, the position of substitution may be the factor that determines the toxicity to developing embryos. PMID- 807913 TI - Nonspecific nature of the stimulus to DNA synthesis in cultures of chick embryo cells. AB - The rate of DNA synthesis in chick embryo cultures deprived of serum is stimulated 5- to 20-fold by a large variety of substances, including subtoxic concentrations of certain metal ions such as Zn++, Cd++, and Hg++. The stimulatory concentrations of Zn++ and Cd++ have sharp optima, which are just below the concentrations that produce frank morphological damage in each case. A much wider gap exists between stimulatory and morphologically damaging concentrations of Hg++. These metal ions also stimulate RNA synthesis, and the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The stimulatory effects of Zn++, but not those of Hg++, are prevented by treatment with EDTA. Although medium from cultures stimulated by Zn++ or Hg++ retains its stimulatory capacity for a new set of cultures, the capacity in the case of Zn++-treated cultures is almost entirely lost upon addition of EDTA. It is also lost upon dialysis of conditioned medium from cultures treated with either Zn++ or Hg++. It is concluded that the stimulatory effect is the direct result of interaction between metal ions and cells, and not to the release of growth-stimulatory materials from the cells. The stimulation is thus seen as a non-specific event resulting in an integrated, metabolic response by the cells. PMID- 807915 TI - "Core" glycolipid of enterobacteriaceae: immunofluorescent detection of antigen and antibody. AB - The Re chemotype mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 has a cell-wall glycolipid composed principally of 2-keto, 3 deoxyoctonate and Lipid A, which is an antigen widely shared by Enterobacteriaceae. High-titered antiserum against this antigen can be conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate for direct detection of this antigen in heterologous bacteria and staining of bacteria in tissue. Alternatively, the indirect immunofluorescence technique can be used for antigen detection on bacterial surfaces and in tissues, and this method can quantitate glycolipid antibody in mammalian sera. The latter may be particularly useful in serologic studies because, although the glycolipid antigen is a surface antigen and purified extracts can be used to coat latex particles, high-titered antisera will not agglutinate bacteria or coated latex particles. PMID- 807914 TI - Plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus faecalis: evidence for gene amplification during growth in presence of tetracycline. AB - The tetracycline (TG)-resistant Streptococcus faecalis strain DS-5Cl harbors two plasmids designated alpha and gamma with molecular masses of approximately 6 and 35 million daltons, respectively. TC-sensitive variants were derived by storing cells at 45 degrees for 2-3 weeks. Analysis of covalently closed circular DNA from five such variants (derived independently) revealed that in each variant the alpha-plasmid, which normally sediments at 28 S (supercoiled) in a sucrose density gradient, was replaced by a 22S substance. Growth of DS-5Cl in the presence of 150 mug/ml of TC (minimum inhibitory concentration is 250 mug/ml in liquid broth) for a prolonged period of time (50-60 generations) resulted in the disappearance of 28S DNA and the appearance of a heterogeneous covalently-closed circular DNA sedimenting at about 40-48 S. This phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in the level of bacterial TC-resistance, whereby tells were subsequently grown in the absence of TC for 70-80 generations, the heterogeneous DNA disappeared and a typical 28S alpha-plasmid reappeared. The cells also became less resistant to TC, i.e., the minimum inhibitory concentration returned to 250 mug/ml. These data suggest that bacterial growth in the presence of TC results in a reversible gene amplification with respect to a TC-resistant determinant residing on the alpha-plasmid. PMID- 807916 TI - Adaptation of Mycoplasma hominis to an obligate parasitic existence in monkey kidney cell culture (BSC-1). AB - During attempts to eliminate Mycoplasma hominis from a monkey kidney BSC-1 cell line with antibiotics, the mycoplasmas were isolated repeatedly. However, the organisms ultimately failed to grow on medium although electron microscopy confirmed that the cell culture still contained mycoplasmas. Thus, the mycoplasma had adapted to an environment in which viable cells were required for growth. Budding mycoplasmas which are indicative of replication were seen associated with viable cells extracellularly. Moreover, structures resembling cycoplasmas were observed budding from the cells which suggests that the mycoplasmas replicate within the cells and are similar to many viruses in their manner of release from the cells. PMID- 807917 TI - Milking, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin induced release of prolactin and growth hormone in cows. AB - Within 30 min of starting continuous ivy infusion of 333 mug thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)/hr into 12 cows, serum prolactin (PRL) increased more than 10-fold and growth hormone (GH) increased 2.6- to 4-fold above basal concentrations. Constant infusions of 30 mg/hr of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) increased serum PRL and GH to maxima wius infusion of TRH or PGF2alpha, PRL declined throughout the 6- to 13-hr infusion interval although it remained well above preinfusion or saline-infusion control values. Serum GH declined more rapidly than PRL in the face of TRH or PGF2alpha infusions, reaching basal concentrations in one experiment within 1-3 hr. Application of milking stimuli during the 5th hr of TRH infusion caused an additional increase of 23 ng/ml of PRL above the TRH-stimulated concentrations. Similarly, intravenous injection of 5 mg PGF2alpha during the 5th or 12th hr of TRH infusion increased serum PRL an additional 582-682 ng/ml and further increased serum GH 9 91 NG/ML. When 200 mug TRH was injected during the 5th hr of a PGF2alpha infusion, serum PRL increased another 267 ng/ml and GH increased an additional 61 ng/ml. Administration of 10 doses of TRH of 200 mug each in 2 hr did not increase PRL or GH in the serum above that observed when 2.2 mg TRH was infused over a 6 hr period. Collectively, the data suggest that a ceiling exists in cows for secretion of PRL and GH, but this ceiling may be overcome with application of a second heterologous stimulus. PMID- 807918 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone blockade of the ergocryptine and apomorphine inhibition of prolactin release in vitro. AB - The interaction of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and ergocryptine or apomorphine in affecting prolactin secretion was examined. Ergocryptine and apomorphine inhibited the release of 3H-prolactin labeled in an in vitro incubation of the rat anterior pituitary and led to a retention within the gland of 3H-prolactin. TRH (1.4 X 10(-8) M) partially blocked the inhibitory effect of 4 x 10(10) M ergocryptine on 3H-prolactin release and totally blocked the effect on radioimmunoassayable prolactin release. TRH also completely blocked the inhibitory effects of 5 x 10(-8) M apomorphine on both 3H-prolactin and radioimmunoassayable prolactin release. Since TRH can also completely block the inhibitory effects of dopamine upon prolactin secretion, these results are consistent with apomorphine and ergocryptine stimulating "dopaminergic" sites and also further support the role of TRH as a prolactin-releasing factor. PMID- 807920 TI - Immunological phenomena associated with cross-reactive antigens of micro organisms and mammalian tissues. PMID- 807919 TI - On a glycolipid hapten of myelin. PMID- 807921 TI - Interactions between atropine, chlorpromazine and cocaine on food reinforced behavior. AB - Previous investigations have demonstrated the ability of atropine and chlorpromazine pretreatment to increase intravenous cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. These results were interpreted as resulting from either an antagonism of cocaine's reinforcing effect or an effect of cocaine which may interfere with its self-administration. The generality of the postulated drug antagonism was tested in monkeys exhibiting stable FR10 food-reinforced behavior. Intramuscular pretreatment with 0.25-4.0 mg/kg of chlorpromazine significantly depressed this behavior as did pretreatment with 0.25-2.0 mg/kg of atropine. These same dosages had been shown to increase cocaine self-administration. Fifteen-minute influsions of cocaine (1.0-10 mg/kg), which began 15 min after session onset, also resulted in a depression of food reinforced behavior. When chlorpromazine pretreatment and cocaine infusion were combined, the decrement in food reinforced responding was lessened. However, when cocaine infusion and atropine pretreatment occurred concurrently, the depression in responding was increased. These data indicate that chlorpromazine may nonspecifically antagonize the behavioral effects of cocaine; whereas, atropine may enhance these effects. PMID- 807922 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new derivatives of 2,4-dioxo-1.2.3.4 tetrahydroquinazoline (benzoyleneurea). PMID- 807924 TI - A high sensitivity dual-detector shadow-shield whole-body counter with an 'invariant' response for total body in vivo neutron activation analysis. AB - The development of a dual-detector shadow-shield whole-body counting system of high sensitivity is described. The sensitivity and performance of the counter are analysed, with specific references to total body in vivo neutron activation analysis, and shown to be at least comparable with those of many conventional shielded-room counters. PMID- 807923 TI - Synthesis, storage and drug-induced release of atp-8-3h in the perfused bovine adrenal gland. AB - The perfused bovine adrenal gland was able to take up and phosphorylate adenosine 8-3 H. Stimulation of the gland with carbachol resulted in a simultanious release of catecholamines, adenosine-8-3 H and labelled adenine nucleotides including a small quantity of ATP-3 H. A direct demonstration of the presence of ATP-3 H in isolated chromaffin granules was obrained by modified sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Glands were also perfused with a Ca++-Mg++-free-EDTA medium to inhibit adenosine triphosphatases. Using this medium, significant amounts of ATP 3 H and endogenous ATP were found in the effluent after drug stimulation by either Ba++ of aminophylline. Under Ca++-Mg++-free-EDTA conditions both Ba++ and aminophylline, but not carbachol, stimulated the release of catecholamines, ATP, ATP-3 H with no concomitant increase in total radioactivity. Using normal medium, Ba++ caused the simultaneous release of catecholamines and radioactivity while aminophylline only induced the release of catecholamines. Specific activity measurements of drug-released ATP indicated that the newly synthesized ATP-3 H was being released preferentially during spontaneous activity while the endogenous ATP was preferentially released after either Ba++ or aminophylline induced secretion. PMID- 807925 TI - Role of rostaglandins in reproduction. AB - From the preceding analysis of prostaglandin research in the reproductive field, it is clear that there have been three major discoveries: a) prostaglandins cause contractions of the human uterus during pregnancy; b) prostaglandins are luteolytic in many subprimate species, but not in humans; and c) prostaglandin levels in the blood and amniotic fluid are elevated during labor in many species, including humans. These important findings have led to major advances in clinical medicine and animal husbandry and to a further understanding of some of the events in the reproductive cycle. PMID- 807926 TI - [Psychopathology of post-traumatic epilepsy]. PMID- 807927 TI - The effects of chronic morphine administration upon a modified Sidman avoidance schedule that utilizes response-independent shock. AB - Six male squirrel monkeys were subjected to a Sidman nondiscriminated avoidance schedule (R-S, S-S-20 sec) that superimposed 3-min conditioned stimuli (CS) unavoidable shock pairings upon the ongoing avoidance behavior. Five of the 6 animals demonstrated facilitated avoidance response rates during the CS, while one animal demonstrated suppressed rates during the CS. Morphine sulfate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/kg) altered these patterns, causing the suppressor to facilitate, while the facilitators demonstrated reduced levels of response elevation during the aversive CS. Morphine also led to a reliable reduction in overall response rate and an increase in the number of shocks received. No consistent drug effects were noted with regard to general motor activity. These results were interpreted to suggest that a potent analgesic agent, such as morphine, was able to reduce the level of fear motivation normally generated by the aversive CS. Since changes in relative rate during the aversive CS were quite reliable both within and between animals, it was suggested that this behavioral schedule might prove useful in assaying the fear-reducing qualities of a variety of drugs. A cautionary note, however, indicated that other explanations, most notably, a rate dependent hypothesis, could account for the data without assuming the level of fear was altered. PMID- 807928 TI - Hapten-immunological studies on mescaline. AB - Antibodies with mescaline binding specificity were raised in rabbits by immunization with conjugates of bovine serum albumin with mescaline or its analogue 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid. Immunized rats were given mescaline and their behavior was compared to that of non-immunized controls. PMID- 807929 TI - Metabolism of psychotomimetic beta-phenylisopropylamines. PMID- 807930 TI - Regulation of brain biogenic aldehyde metabolism. PMID- 807931 TI - Role of biogenic amines in the central nervous system. PMID- 807932 TI - Homicide trends in the United States, 1900-74. PMID- 807933 TI - The benefits from 10 years of measles immunization in the United States. PMID- 807937 TI - Changing people's behavior toward the environment. PMID- 807938 TI - Operation MEDIHC - Texas pilot project. An experience in meshing military allied health workers with civilian health card needs. PMID- 807939 TI - The Venezuelan Medicina Simplificada program. PMID- 807940 TI - The hazards of asbestos for brake mechanics. PMID- 807941 TI - A method for assessing dental manpower need is tested in a low income area of Philadelphia. PMID- 807942 TI - The ecology of dog bite injury in St. Louis, Missouri. AB - A detailed analysis of all the reported dog bites that occurred over a 2-year period in St. Louis, Mo., provided new insight not only into the severity of the problem, but also the environmental context for injury. Dog bite is a major medical problem that affects at least 1 of every 222 people and specifically 1 of every 83 children, 5 to 9 years old. Nearly 20 percent of all the children bitten were injured on the head or face, a source of concren and expense for all concerned. Nearly 10 percent of all bites were classified as serious. In only 25 percent of all injuries did the victim's behabior involve the dog at the time ofe victim interacting with the dog's owner. The victim was on the dog owner's property in about u9 percent of the incidents, and in about 48 percent of the cases the bite took pla-e near the owner's property. Bite incidents go up whenever the weather is conductive to street activity. More than 85 percent of all the biting dogs had owners. These results indicate that society's views of dog bite injury, which tend to minimize the problem and find fault with the victim, must be re-evaluated. It is time to place less emphasis on the victim and even the animal and review thae public health implications of dog ownership PMID- 807944 TI - Public health reports. Bol.34, December 5, 1919, no. 49 reprint: Coordination and expansion of Federal health activities by B.S. Warren, Assistant surgeon general, United States Public Health Service. PMID- 807945 TI - Myocardial infarction in diabetics. AB - The hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction amongst 285 known diabetics treated in the last decade was 39.7 per cent at one month and had increased to 51 per cent at 12 months. Treatment in a coronary care unit during the acute stage had little effect on the mortality amongst patients on insulin, but was beneficial for patients whose diabetes had been controlled by oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Female patients on oral hypoglycaemic drugs had the highest mortality. When considering age, duration of diabetes and presence of retinopathy, acute myocardial infarction in diabetics controlled on oral therapy appeared to have a worse outcome than in patients on insulin. Independently of whether patients were on insulin or on oral hypoglycaemic drugs 12 months after the acute episode, only about half of them were still alive. PMID- 807946 TI - The effects of radiotherapy on the nasolacrimal system as evaluated by dacryoscintigraphy. AB - By utilizing 61 lacrimal scans, 26 patients who had received radiotherapy for inner canthus and lid lesions were evaluated. Results indicate that the membranous lacrimal passages are relatively immune to radiation therapy. Although dacryoscintigraphy did not delineate the anatomical features quite as well as contrast dacryocystography, it yielded very useful information about flow mechanisms and tear transit times. The study is rapid, simple, non-hazardous, and particularly helpful in documenting the status of the lacrimal drainage system before and after radiotherapy to the inner canthus region. PMID- 807947 TI - Dosimetry of Hodgkin's disease therapy using a 4 MV linear accelerator. AB - This report describes a detailed analysis of the dosimetry of the mantle technique for the therapy of Hodgkin's disease when a 4 MV linear accelerator (Varian) is utilized. Doses were determined in a Rando phantom and in vivo using several methods of dosimetry. Significant dose variations, exacerbated by the lead flattening filter, were found. For peripheral doses, where the nodes are near the surface (e.g., neck and axillae), increases of 20-30% were the rule. To adjust for these substantial differences, a shrinking field technique was adopted, obviating the need for complex compensating systems. The doses for the inverted Y field were relatively uniform. PMID- 807948 TI - Mantle field dosimetry comparing 4 MV with cobalt 60. AB - Three off-axis dosimetric parameters were evaluted for identical mantle fields using the Varian 4 MV linear accelerator and a Picker C8M cobalt-60 unit. These parameters were dose distribution, skin dose and integral dose. Comparisons showed higher doses in all three categories with the 4 MV accelerator when the tumor dose is specified at the central axis midline. These results emphasize the importance of off-axis dosimetry with both machines. PMID- 807949 TI - A wedge filter interlock system for 4 MV linear accelerators. AB - The wedge filter interlock system on a 4 MV linear accelerator was modified to ensure proper selection and placement of filter. By using a series of microswitches to replace the two-pin connection for each wedge, proper placement of the wedge in the treatment beam was ensured. Both the chain and plug were eliminated by using a 6 pole, 6 position sub-miniature rotary switch to produce the remaining connections. PMID- 807950 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - The authors report two cases of coexistent pneumomediastinum and diabetic ketoacidosis. One patient had pneumothorax as well. Hyperpnea or vomiting, or a combination of the two, may be the etiologic agent in such cases. The prognosis is excellent and there is prompt regression of the pneumomediastinum following correction of the ketoacidosis. PMID- 807951 TI - Eccentric polyposis of the small bowel. A possible radiologic sign of plexiform neurofibromatosis of the small bowel and its mesentery. AB - Eccentric polyposis was demonstrated on the small bowel series in a patient with Von Recklinghausen's disease. This proved to represent plexiform neurofibromatosis of the small bowel and its mesentery. This unique radiographic appearance may be a radiologic sign of plexiform neurofibromatosis. PMID- 807952 TI - Methotrexate and radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck tumors. AB - Ninety-six patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to treatment with intravenous methotrexate followed by radical irradiation or radiotherapy alone. No significant differences were demonstrated in local disease control or actuarial survival rates at three and five years. Some patients with local treatment failure were surgically salvaged. PMID- 807953 TI - Radiation therapy in the management of carcinoma of the external auditory canal, middle ear, or mastoid. AB - Twenty-three patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal, middle ear, or mastoid were treated with combined surgery and irradiation, giving a 5-year NED rate of 48% (11/23). Except in extremely early lesions without bone involvement, treatment by radiation therapy alone was rarely successful and is not recommended. The most serious complication was osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone; this occurred in 5 patients, all of whom received more than 2,100 rets due to faulty radiotherapeutic technique. PMID- 807954 TI - Stereoisomeric relationships among anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. AB - This study compares the affects of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, d,l-6-chloro-alpha-methyl-carbazole-2-acetic acid, its enantiomers, and indomethacin on platelet aggregation, prostaglandin synthetase, adjuvant arthritis, gastric ulceration and arachidonic acid induced diarrhea. In the adjuvant arthritic rat, doses producing anti-inflammatory activity were similar for all compounds with the exception of the l-isomer which was much less active. On the other hand, indomethacin was 10 to 25 times more potent with regard to inhibition of platelet aggregation, inhibition on prostaglandin synthetase, inhibition of arachidonic acid induced diarrhea, and induction of gastric ulceration than the racemate and its isomers. Such divergence of potencies suggests that the racemate, unlike indomethacin, would have no affect on platelet aggregation and, hence, produce no prolongation of bleeding time at doses possessing anti-inflammatory activity. The data also suggest that the racemate and d-isomer have greater specificity toward anti-arthritic acitvity and are less ulcerogenic than indomethacin. The d-isomer apparently is the more active component of the racemate in all the systems tested since: (a) the d-isomer has 2 to 3 times the inhibitory potency of the racemate and (b) the l-isomer, at high dosages or high concentrations had considerable less affect. Comparison of potencies relative to inhibition of platelet aggregation and of prostaglandin synthetase, are quite close; therefore, mechanistically, the anti-aggregatory affects of these drugs, or lack thereof, may be related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 807955 TI - Studies on closure of the ductus arteriosus. XII. In utero effect of indomethacin and sodium salicylate in rats and rabbits. AB - Administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors to pregnant does and dams in late gestation was followed by in utero contraction of the fetal ductus arteriosus when studied by the whole-body freezing method. In the rat this contraction was well established within 6 h and persisted up to 36 h following 15 mg/kg indomethacin p.o. No effect was observed in the 18 d rat fetus but fetuses at 20 d and 22 d of gestation responded significantly to indomethacin. Doses of indomethacin approaching clinical usage (2.5 mg/kg also caused a positive response in utero. The rat was found to be sensitive also to sodium salicylate and in the rabbit both indomethacin and sodium salicylate were effective. Exposure in utero to prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors with resulting contraction of the ductus may seriously disturb cardiac function in the fetus. PMID- 807956 TI - [Urinary catecholamines excretion in experimental rat Chagas' disease (levels under basal conditions, after insulin hypoglycemia and under reserpine action (author's transl)]. PMID- 807957 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin D levels in myotonic dystrophy patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 807958 TI - [Experimental production of neoplasms in rat livers (author's transl)]. PMID- 807959 TI - Reinfection of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with Borrelia hermsii. AB - Two of 4 untreated vervet monkeys infected with Borrelia hermsii survived and were resistant to reinfection for at least 1 year. Seven of 9 vervets receiving tetracycline could be reinfected after 12 to 36 weeks. Immobilizine could be demonstrated for a shorter time in treated than in untreated vervets. PMID- 807960 TI - Is there any association between elevated serum prolactin level and mammary adenocarcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene. AB - The association between mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) in the rat, the influence by manipulations of its hepatic metabolism and the secretion of prolactin has been investigated. Various test compounds: coumarin, 4-methylcoumarin, phenobarbital and CCl4 all elevated serum prolactin level, but only coumarin and 4-methylcoumarin reduced tumor incidence. These observations do not support the assumption that the suppression of DMBA-induced breast adenocarcinoma by coumarin and 4 methylcoumarin is mediated via prolactin. PMID- 807961 TI - Growth inhibition of tubercle bacilli after pulsed exposures to combinations of antituberculous drugs. AB - All possible pairs of drugs chosen from the primary antituberculous agents including isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampin, and ethambutol were compatible and inhibited growth after administration to tubercle bacilli in a single 7 hr pulsed exposure. In general, combined drug effects could be best described as additive. PMID- 807962 TI - Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: mouse-protective antibody in the sera of infected and vaccinated cattle. AB - Cattle produced humoral mouse-protective antibody (MPA) to Mycoplasma mycoides var mycoides as a result of natural infection, hyperimmunisation, vaccination with well-known strains of living vaccines or vaccination with killed cultures. Bovine MPA was distinct from complement-fixing and precipitating antibodies and was frequently detected in their absence, particularly in the sera of vaccinated- as opposed to naturally infected--cattle. In view of its defensive role in artificially-infected mice, it seems likely that such antibody plays a part in resistance to the disease in cattle. High levels of MPA followed inoculation of cattle with killed concentrated culture containing adjuvant; this finding merits further investigation, as it may lead to improved methods of vaccination. PMID- 807964 TI - The evaluation of host efficiency and vector potential of laboratory juvenilized vectors of Chagas' disease. I. Effects of developmental changes included by juvenile hormone analogues in Panstrongylus megistus (hemipterareduviidae) on the ssuceptibility of the insects to gut infection with trypansoma cruzi. PMID- 807963 TI - [Clinical therapeutic trial in chronic Chagas' disease using nifurtimox in 3 schedules of long duration]. PMID- 807965 TI - Fractional intestinal absorption and retention of calcium measured by whole-body counting. Application of a power function model. AB - By application of a power function model, fractional intestinal calcium absorption was investigated with a new technique involving whole-body counting after successive oral and intravenous administration of standard doses of 47Ca. The fractional calcium retention 7 days after the oral load of 47Ca was also measured. Fractional calcium retention averaged 30.3% in normal subjects and 11.5% in 11 patients with intestinal malabsorption. In the same groups fractional calcium absorption averaged 46.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Fractional calcium retention and intestinal calcium absorption were significantly correlated to body surface area, and there was a well-defined relation between fractional retention and absorption of calcium... PMID- 807966 TI - IgM molecules with and without J chain in serum and after purification, studied by ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. AB - IgM molecules in pure IgM preparations and in the corresponding sera from three patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia have been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation, rate zonal ultracentrifugation, agarose-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. One of the IgM preparations was without J chain, while the two others contained J chain. The experiments revealed that IgM with J chain consisted of pentameric molecules; whereas in IgM preparations without J chain the dominating molecules were hexamers, but also pentamers, tetramers, and even smaller molecules were found. In both types of IgM the molecules formed a wide range of aggregates, which were usually more abundant in the purified IgM than in serum. Some of the aggregates were kept together by noncovalent forces only. PMID- 807967 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with lymphorproliferative changes in the central nervous system. 4 cases]. AB - An anatomial-clinical description of 4 cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia presenting specifically with meningo-cerebral involvement. The lesions in the central nervous system included lymphocytic infiltrations predominantly in the meso-diencephalic region in two cases, a diffuse meningo-encephalic in the third and a primary malignant cerebral lymphoma in the fourth case. The neurological complications of the disease, the cerebro-spinal fluid findings, theories of pathogenesis and the therapeutic possibilities are reviewed. A particular interest is taken concerning the diagnosis from clinical findings due to specific lesions for which one must reserve the name of "Bing-Nell syndrome". Taking the case of primary cerebral lymphoma, similarities between the pathology of the meningo-cerebral lympho-reticular system and other immunologic disorders have been considered. It is suggested that, through this system, the brain can activily participate in the histopathological manifestations of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia just as any of the other organs of the body. PMID- 807968 TI - [Mental changes during continuous epileptic discharges]. AB - In cases of psychic changes with continuously repeated spikes and/or sharp waves in the EEG the following diagnoses were made: 1. Absence status (1 status of complex absences with a rotatory motion of the head; 1 combination of continuous and discontinuous absence status). 2. Atypical and prolonged twilight states after tonic-clonic fits (2 absence status; 2 twilight states with continuously repeated sharp waves with focal accentuation). 3. Socalled "Minor epileptic status" (Brett, 1966) (2 cases). 4. Behaviour disturbances (1 abortive absence status; 2 cases with psychic changes and continuously repeated multifocal and secondary generalized sharp waves). In the view of therapy it is necessary to differentiate between postictal twilight states with or without sharp waves in the EEG. The term 'Minor epileptic status' contains several different epileptic conditions, especially Petit mal status in cases of West- or Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. A detailed description of the individual clinical picture seems to be more informatives than the subsumption under the global term of 'Minor epileptic status'. - The kind of connection between the psychic disturbances and the EEG discharges is discussed. PMID- 807969 TI - [Mechanisms which favor the development of opportunistic infections]. AB - Opportunistic infections frequently occur in patients whose defense mechanisms are compromised. Some of the available defense mechanisms of the human organism are outlined, and the case is presented of a patient whose defense was weakened or destroyed, i.e. compromised by various mechanisms. It is important to recognize the increasing frequency of opportunistic infections inside and outside the hospital environment. PMID- 807970 TI - [Mycobacteria]. AB - A brief review is presented of those properties of mycobacteria (genus Mycobacterium) which have a bearing on human medicine. The properties are set out in the form of tables covering the important cultural and biochemical tests used in taxonomy, resistance vs. sensitivity to a range of antituberculous drugs, and virulence and pathogenic effect in man and laboratory animals. PMID- 807971 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants and photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton: a reassessment. AB - The chlorinated hydrocarbons DDT and PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls), ubiquitous pollutants of the marine environment, have been observed to reduce the cell division rate of marine phytoplankton, thereby indirectly reducing the total photosynthetic carbon fixation in treated cultures. The photosynthetic capacity of each cell was not affected. Total marine photosynthesis will likely remain undiminished by these compounds, although alterations in phytoplankton communities through selective toxicity could effect herbivore populations. PMID- 807972 TI - Radioimmunoassay and the hormones of thyroid function. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) has provided the tools for wide-reaching investigations that have changed and continue to change many important concepts of thyroid physiology and pathosphysiology. The RIA vor human thyrotropin (TSH) was developed in 1965; development of the RIA for triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and, recently, thyrothropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroglobulin (Tg) followed. The capacity to measure nanogram and picogram concentrations with relative ease and speed has permitted the demonstration of dynamic relationships of the intrathyroidal and circulating thyroid hormones to each other and to the pituitary and hypothalamic regulating hormones. Evidence for the presence of cross-influences between TRH and other hypothalamic regulating hormones on the secretion of pituitary hormones has accumulated. The impact of the new information on clinical practice is now becoming evident. There is new appreciation of the value of assaying serum T3 and TSH concentrations in the clinical management of patients with disturbed function of the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The necessary components for RIA performance can be purchansed separately or in kit form from commercial sources. With appropriate quality-control procedures, precise, sensitive, and reliable data can be generated. Awareness of the specific technical problems relating to the RIA of these hormones is absolutely necessary to assure reliable results. The availability of kits or their components permits the performance of these studies in the community hospital and in reliable commercial-service laboratories. PMID- 807974 TI - The floating knee: Ipsilateral fractures of the tibia and femur. AB - Fifty-one extremities with ipsilateral tibial and femoral fractures are reviewed. Some children are included in the study. Most of the 47 patients are young men who have multiple injuries with high velocity trauma. The involved extremities are classified according to the injury site: Type 1 fractures involve both shafts; type 2-A fractures involve the knee joint; type 2-B fractures involve hip or ankle joints. Complications are frequent. Delayed union or nonunion occurred in 44.6% of the total number of bones involved. Sixty to seventy percent of the adult patients showed significant permanent functional disability. PMID- 807973 TI - A critical review of the clinical relevance of growth hormone and its measurement in the nuclear medicine laboratory. AB - A wide variety of metabolic and stressful stimuli, both physical and psychologic, produce rapid elevation of plasma growth hormone (GH). In addition, spontaneous elevation of GH occurs during the day, and a rise in GH occurs in association with the initial slow-wave sleep episode at night. Although the identity of the long-sought GH releasing factor has not yet been established, a hypothalamic factor inhibiting GH release named somatostatin has been identified and synthesized. Most, if not all, of the GH rises are mediated by neural mechanisms, and therefore they may be disrupted by many disease processes affecting the pituitary or the hypothalamus... PMID- 807975 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. AB - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare and difficult problem. The cause is unknown, the treatment is nonstandardized, and the results are generally poor. One or two good attempts at union should be made, followed by amputation if union is not obtained or if deformity is worse than that produced by a prosthesis. Electrical stimulation of bone healing is not yet technically advanced enough for use in stimulating fractures to heal in humans, but it has been proven to promote healing in animals and holds considerable promise for the future. PMID- 807976 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and certain acute infectious diseases]. PMID- 807977 TI - Defibrination in obstetrics. Modern concepts. AB - Coagulation profiles of serum fibrinogen, factors V and VIII and haemoglobin in normal pregnancies during labour, delivery and the early puerperium are presented. These factors were also studied in patients with abruptio placentae, in intra-uterine death, and in patients whose pregnancies were terminated with intra-amniotic saline and prostaglandin F2alpha. An assessment of fibrinolytic activity in these patients was made using qualitative (euglobulin lysis time) and quantitative (FR-antigen) tests. The coagulation findings presented form a basis for the rational management of defibrination in obstetrics. PMID- 807978 TI - Serum immunoglobulins G, A and M in White and Black adults on the Witwatersrand. AB - Blood donors and hospital inpatients of the same sex and race group showed similar concentrations of serum immunoglobulins G and M. Serum IgA levels were significantly higher in three of four hospital patient groups as compared with blood donor groups matched for sex and race. Age was shown to be responsible for this difference, since on average the blood donors were younger and analysis of all subjects in age groups showed a progressive rise in IgA with increasing age. Lower IgA levels occurred in women than in men of comparable age and race group. A sex difference with higher IgM levels in women was confirmed. All values in Black adults were much higher than in Whites. It is therefore of importance to consider the ranges of values for any individual's age, sex and race when interpreting results of serum immunoglobulin assay. PMID- 807979 TI - Isolated kidney preservation in relationship to cholinergic and adrenergic processes. PMID- 807980 TI - Heinrich Kluver. PMID- 807981 TI - Gastric outlet obstruction due to X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Children with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may develop a peculiar form of gastric outlet obstruction due to involvement of the stomach wall with granulomatous tissue. An illustrative case is presented (which occurred despite adequate control of infection with antibiotherapy), including details of surgical management, distinctive radiographic and pathologic findings, and a review of other reported cases. PMID- 807982 TI - The role of plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy. AB - The dog with an end-to-side portacaval shunt has a plasma amino acid pattern similar to that in man with chronic liver disease and encephalopathy. When dogs with end-to-side portacaval shunts manifested symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, superior caval catheters were placed and one of three solutions was infused. Whereas almost all animals given a commercially available synthetic amino acid mixture died, a special mixture formulated to normalize plasma amino acids was associated with 100 percent survival and few neurological symptoms. The results suggest that manipulation and normalization of plasma amino acids in animals with hepatic failure may be efficacious in providing adequate nutrition while minimizing hepatic encephalopathy. Moreover, these experiments may shed some light on the mechanism of human hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 807983 TI - Neutrophil function in clinical kidney allograft recipients. AB - The peripheral blood neutrophils from 17 kidney transplant recipients were studied for their ability to phagocytose and kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Practically all of the percent phagocytosis values were within the normal range but many of the neutrophil samples demonstrated a reduced ability to kill ingested P. aeruginosa, particularly within the 3 month period immediately after transplant. Of the 17 patients studied, ten were found to have neutrophils with a reduced capacity to kill the test bacteria. These defects in bactericidal capacity were found in patients who received antihuman-lymphocyte globulin (ALG), large doses of methylprednisolone for rejection, and mostly in subclinical infection with Pseudomonas or other gram-negative bacterial species. PMID- 807984 TI - Letter to the editors: Techniques to aid in hernia repair complicated by "loss of domain". PMID- 807985 TI - Germinal plasm and determination of the primordial germ cells. PMID- 807986 TI - Primary congenital aphakia and the rubella syndrome. AB - Four embryos from women infected by rubella virus early in pregnancy were investigated histologically. In three of the patients the serological tests were positive; in the fourth the diagnosis of rubella was based solely on the clinical picture. Three of the four embryos showed unilateral severe microphthalmia and primary congenital aphakia. In addition to this defect the right eye of one of the embryos showed a central liquefaction of the lens (cataract). Damage to the internal ear in the form of discontinuities in the epithelium of the cochlear duct were also observed (in two of the three embryos; in the fourth both internal ears were absent in the curettage material). In three of the four hearts there were cells in the myocardium with a markedly eosinophilic cytoplasm. PMID- 807987 TI - The embryotoxicity of ytterbium chloride in golden hamsters. AB - Two experiments were performed to assess the embryotoxicity of intravenously administered ytterbium chloride in golden hamsters: (1) 50, 75, 100, or 150 mg/kg ytterbium chloride were injected early on the 8th gestation day; (2) 100 mg/kg ytterbium chloride were administered at 4 different times during the critical period of organogenesis in this species (7th day, 4 PM; 8th day, 8 AM or 4 PM; 9th day, 8 AM). The pregnant females were killed on the 12th, 14th, or 15th gestation day and the frequency of resorptions was determined, and surviving offspring were studied for the presence of external and internal malformations as well as skeletal damage. Relatively few externally visible malformations and no significant internal malformations were produced. Damage to the skeletal system included fused and supernumerary ribs, and many different sites of poor ossification. Maximal susceptibility to these effects occurred on the 8th day. PMID- 807988 TI - Letter: Clinical and experimental effects of dipyridamole. PMID- 807989 TI - [Swine Vesicular Disease. A Review (author's transl)]. AB - The article gives a comprehensive review on swine vesicular disease (SVD). The properties of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis, epizootiology and control of the disease are described. The clinical appearance is illustrated by photographs from experimental infections. The differences in the epizootiology of SVD and foot-and mouth disease are discussed. PMID- 807990 TI - A comparative study of two polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclors 1242 and 1016) containing 42% chlorine on induction of hepatic porphyria and drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 807991 TI - Modification of toxic liver injury in the rat II. Protective effect of cycloheximide on ethionine-induced damage and autoprotective effects of high doses of ethionine, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 2 acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 807992 TI - Standard curves for nuvacron, malathion, sevin, DDT and kelthane tested against the mosquito Culex pipiens L. and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna Straus. AB - The fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens L. and adults of microcrustacean Daphnia magna Straus were reared under standardized conditions and used as bioassay test organisms for the preparation of the standard log concentration- probit (lc--p) regression lines for each of the following pesticides: nuvacron, malathion, sevin, DDT and kelthane. When the above pesticides were tested against the larvae of C. pipiens, the LC50 values (in ppm) ranged as follows: nuvacron 0.0014--0.0019, malathion 0.0027-0.0043, sevin 0.059-0.095, DDT 0.233-0.525, kelthane 0.17-0.24 and a mixture of malathion, DDT and kelthane (3 : 10 : 5) 0.1805-0.2451, based on 24-h readings. The corresponding LC50 values (in ppm) for D. magna were 0.00018-0.00032, 0.000074-0.00013, 0.00063-0.00069, 0.0061-0.0064, 0.071-0.090 and 0.055-0.028 for the aforementioned pesticides. D. magna proved to be more sensitive to all tested pesticides than C. pipiens larvae: it succumbed to concentrations ranging from 0.000032 to 0.004 ppm of nuvacron, from 0.000032 to 0.0016 ppm of malathion, from 0.000032 to 0.02 ppm of sevin, from 0.0008 to 0.1 ppm of DDT, from 0.03 to 0.3 ppm of kelthane and from 0.007 to 0.075 ppm of the mixture. C. pipiens larvae were affected by concentrations ranging from 0.0005 to 0.008 ppm of of nuvacron, from 0.0005 to 0.04 ppm of malathion, from 0.008 to 1.0 ppm of sevin, from 0.05 to 2.5 ppm of DDT, from 0.06 to 0.5 ppm of kelthane and from 0.07 to 0.75 ppm of the mixture. PMID- 807993 TI - Effects of plant species, age and part on the disappearance of sevin, nuvacron and malathion residues. AB - Residues as determined by bioassay using Daphnia or mosquito larvae were in agreement with each other in most cases except sevin residues at 1 h and 8 days after treatment of mallow. The mosquito larvae failed to record nuvacron, sevin and malathion on 45-day-old plants on the 8th, 12th and 24th day, respectively, whereas residues on younger plants continued to affect mosquitoes up to the 12th day and disappeared only on the 24th day. Daphnia continued to show toxicity up to the 24th day on younger and older plants. Insecticide residues of nuvacron, malathion and sevin, found on the leaves 30- and 45-day-old plants of cotton, Jew's mallow and kidney beans after 1 h, 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 days were estimated biologically by C. pipiens larvae and D. magna. Residues of insecticides disappeared more readily on bean pods than on bean leaves. Residues of sevin, malathion and nuvacron found on the pods 12 days after treatment as indicated by Daphnia were 0.189, 0.055 and 0.059 ppm respectively. They are far less than the corresponding residues on bean leaves. The 1-hour residue was higher on younger bean leaves than on mallow and cotton with very few exceptions (nuvacron, malathion and sevin: 2.125, 11.75 and 95 ppm on cotton leaves; 2.25 and 145 ppm on Jew's mallow and 3.750, 32.500 and 250 ppm on common bean leaves, respectively). These data were obtained with C. pipiens larvae. The picture was completely reversed on 45-day-old plants. 1-h deposits of malathion were higher on mallow than on cotton or beans (nuvacron, malathion and sevin; 2.3, 200 and 140 ppm on cotton leaves, 1.90, 191.15 and 92.86 ppm on mallow leaves, 2.25, 21.5 and 137.5 ppm on common bean leaves, respectively). These data were obtained with C. pipiens larvae. Nuvacron residues on 45-day-old mallow were less on mallow than on cotton or beans. Sevin was higher in 1-h residues on cotton and beans than on mallow. Mallow did not retain insecticides as long as did cotton and beans. The initial concentration of nuvacron was little less than that of sevin and malathion. It was more toxic to mosquito larva (LC50 = 0.0016 ppm) than malathion (LC50 = 0.0034 ppm) and sevin (LC50 = 0.075 ppm). Daphnia was more affected by malathion (LC50 = 0.000098 ppm) than by nuvacron (LC50 = 0.00024 ppm). Nuvacron was nearly equitoxic to sevin (LC50 = 0.00026 ppm) against Daphnia. In spite of this all tested plants, both young or older ones, retained nuvacron in the smallest quantities in proportion to the other insecticides. The 1-h residues were less on older plants (except cotton) for only nuvacron and sevin: 2 and 94.5, 1.9 and 92.8 ppm than on younger ones 2.4 and 137.2, 2.25 and 145 ppm as indicated by Daphnia and mosquito larvae respectively. This emphasizes that the initial concentration is not the limiting factor for the determination of the 1-h residue as the initial concentration was much higher on older than on younger plants. PMID- 807994 TI - The distribution of 2,21,3,4,41,61, and 2,31, 4,41,51,6- hexachlorobiphenyl in mice studied by whole-body autoradiography. AB - The distribution of 14C-labelled hexachlorobiphenyl in male and pregnant female mice was studied by whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Shortly after an intravenous injection there was a strong uptake of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in the corpora lutea, the adrenal cortex and the liver and radioactivity was retained fro a long time in these tissues. Even in the fetal adrenal cortex a considerable accumulation occurred. High activity was also present in the brown fat, the lung, the the myocardium, the gastric mucosa, the pituitary and the bone marrow. Radioactivity penetrated slowly to the brain and fetal tissues but the concentration remained consistently low. In the adipose tissues there was a gradual increase in radioactivity and the autoradiograms from the longer survival times were dominated by these sites. There was a continuous biliary excretion of labelled material to the small intestine; this occurred in the fetuses as well. PMID- 807995 TI - Dietary protection during radiation therapy. AB - Eighteen patients receiving Cobalt 60 irradiation for abdominal or pelvic malignancies were assigned at random to eat either a semi-hydrolyzed diet (Flexical: 10 g % casein hydrolsate; 14 g % triglycerides, 20% of which medium chain; 66% disaccharides) or a normal diet. There are no significant differences between these two groups with respect to age and the ratio of ideal to actual caloric intake. The patients in the control group received on the average a total of 3900 rd and those in the Flexical group 4040 rd. Generally, Flexical appeared to have a significant positive effect on body weight. In addition, radiation induced diarrhea was not a problem in the Flexical group. In the latter group, serum proteins including immunoglobulins remained essentially unchanged during therapy while a moderate but significant fall was observed in all control patients. No significant difference between the two groups was observed with respect to peripheral blood hematocrit, red and white cell counts. However, the drop in blood lymphocytes following irradiation was significantly less in the Flexical group. The mechanisms of radioprotection are discussed. These preliminary data indicate that the nutritional and perhaps the immunological status of cancer patients receiving intensive irradiation can be maintained by dietary measures. PMID- 807996 TI - [Dosage measurement of fast electrons using modified Fricke's solution]. AB - A combination of two different modifications indicated in the literature about the ferrosulfate dosimetry has been given. This permits a dose measurement which shows compared to the usual dosimetry of Fricke above all following advantages: dose specification related to water; displacement of the absorption maximum in the perceptible spectral sphere; increase of the sensibility and lower influence of pollutions. The molar coefficient of extinction of the modified solution has been determined from Co-60-gamma irradiation and is epsilonm = 1,46 - 10(4) L - Mol(-1) - cm(-1). The increase of extinction which has been measured with this method after the irradiation with 18 MeV electrons occurs linearly within the studied region to 1200 rd at least, the G-value is 15,5. The indicated method renders possible a relative simple calibration of the ionisation chambers which have been used in the practice. PMID- 807997 TI - The effect of in vitro irradiation on the responses of human lymphocytes to PHA, PPD and allogeneic cells. AB - The effect of X-ray, cobalt and 45 MeV electron irradiation on the responses of lymphocytes to PHA, PPD and allogeneic cells was studied using a semimicro lymphocyte culture technique. The responses to PPD and allogeneic cells were found to be more sensitive to irradiation than the response to PHA, even when the time factor was taken into account, i.e. the effect of irradiation was measured on the same day irrespective the type of stimulation. At the doses used, 500, 3000 and 6000 rd, there was no difference between the effects of the three types of radiation used. The possible explanations for the findings are discussed. PMID- 807998 TI - Todd's paralysis: A cerebrovascular phenomenon? AB - Postictal transient focal neurological deficits, i.e., Todd's paralysis, at times are correlated with early veins and/or vascular stain angiographically. Radionuclide gamma camera images show that they also may be accompanied by a relative flow hyperperfusion and a cortical rim static image uptake. Using these observations some portion of Todd's paralysis may be explained as the result of focal epileptic discharges that lead to local vasomotor and/or metabolic changes. The functional arterial venous shunting that results could contribute to cortical ischemia and the subsequent clinical deficits. PMID- 807999 TI - Artificial embolization of the middle cerebral artery in primates. Description of an experimental model with extracranial technique. AB - Artificial embolization of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was produced in the primate, with a technique similar to that described by Luessenhop and Spence (1960) for the treatment of an inoperable arteriovenous malformation in the territory of the MCA. Silicone spheres (1 to 1.5 mm in diameter) were introduced into the internal carotid artery (ICA) via the external carotid artery (ECA). Emboli (1 to 1.3 mm) passed into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in 12%, and into the MCA in 50%. Emboli (1.2 to 1.5 mm) stopped at the ICA bifurcation in 54%. In all primates (82.35%1 in which the emboli occluded the ICA bifurcation or the MCA, immediate contralateral hemiplegia developed. The correlation of the anatomical characteristics of the intracranial vasculature of the ICA bifurcation, the diameter of the emboli, and the anatomical localization of the silicone spheres suggests that this experimental model can produce a selective acute "point" occlusion of the MCA in at least 75% of the cases without violating the cranium, in which the resultant changes in the distribution of water and electrolytes in the brain during the acute ischemic event in the territory of the MCA of the primate can be studied. PMID- 808001 TI - [Stretched polytene chromosomes--model for studying the functional organization of eukaryotic chromosomes]. AB - To localize functional loci on cytological maps of polytene chromosomes we propose to use 10-100 times stretched chromosomes. Three different ways of stretchening are briefly considered: the squash tissue preparation, when chromosomes are stretched by hydrodynamical forces; the treatment of isolated polytene chromosomes in 10-minus 4M EDTA OR 0.8M NaCL with subsequent change of these solution for saline when abrupt structural changes occur in chromosomes and they become morphologically homogeneous threads (Gruzdev and Belaya, 1973); and, finally, the use of microneedles of the micromanipulator. After an intense (ca. 100 times) stretchening, the autoradiography is sufficient to localize the loci within one micron length of double helical DNA molecule. PMID- 808000 TI - Influence of anesthetics on metabolic, functional and pathological responses to regional cerebral ischemia. AB - Regional cerebral ischemia was produced by common carotid artery occlusion in gerbils and by middle cerebral artery occlusion in dogs, cats, and squirrel monkeys. Anesthesia was induced with either pentobarbital or halothane and maintained for two to three hours after vessel occlusion. In acute studies, the effect of regional cerebral ischemia on cerebral concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, and pyruvate was determined at the end of this period in gerbils, cats, and squirrel monkeys. In chronic studies, the degree of neurological deficit and size of cerebral infarction were determined 48 hours after a two-hour to three-hour period of vessel occlusion in cats and squirrel monkeys and permanent occlusion in dogs. In gerbils, dogs, and cats, there were no differences in the metabolis, functional, or pathological effects of anesthesia with pentobarbital or halothane. However, in the squirrel monkey, in acute studies the metabolic alterations were significantly less with pentobarbital, and in chronic studies the frequency and magnitude of functional deficits and cerebral infarction were significantly less. We conclude that pentobarbital does provide a degree of protection during regional cerebral ischemia but that such effects are only consistently demonstrable in primates. In nonprimates, we assume that variability in the collateral circulation renders demonstration of significant differences difficult or impossible. PMID- 808002 TI - [Cystine stone therapy with mercapto-propyonyl-glycine (MPG) (Thiola) (author's transl)]. AB - Six patients with recurrent cystine stones and cystinuria were treated with MPG. Three patients were treated for 3 years and 3 patients for 6 months. A relatively high dosage resulted in a reduction of the cytinuria. Since MPG has almost no side effects it represents a valuable aid in the treatment of cystine stones. PMID- 808004 TI - [Effect of fatigue in slaugher rabbits on the quality of their meat]. AB - The organoleptic properties, bacteriological picture, and some chemical characteristics of meat (M longissimus dorsi) were compared in slaughter rabbits exposed to physical exertion and rabbits used for control. Some organoleptic deviations did occur, particularly in meat colour; however, they were very small, and storage with cooling treatment for five days removed them completely. In the trials the bacteriological examination gave negative results, and no distribution of germs into meat and organs was observed in the test rabbits. Chemical examination did not reveal any appreciable deterioration of the characteristics of meat in rabbits slaughtered after physical exertion. It can be derived from these findings that the meat quality of fatigued rabbits slaughtered without rest is not significantly decreased if the animals do not show signs of clinical fatigue; hence they can be slaughtered after transportation without rest. PMID- 808003 TI - [Compensation of energoplastic wastes and nitrogen balance following operations on the stomach]. AB - In 200 patients, subjected to gastric resections for tumors and complications of ulcerous disease, the nitrogen balance has been studied when energoplastic wastes were compensated with protein hydrolysates, glucose, emulsified fat. The caloric supply of patients receiving fat was 1460-1720 calories daily. Fat preparations- lipomais and intralipid were introduced parenterally through a sound (100 patients) and intravenously (70 patients). A control group (30 patients) did not receive fat preparations, its daily supply being 990 calories. The studies have evidenced that fat inclusion allows a more adequate supply of the organism with energetic reserves. PMID- 808005 TI - [Penicillinase of Staphylococci isolated from milk and dairy products]. AB - Examinations were performed in 173 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products. Of this number, 143 strains were resistant and 30 sensitive to penicillin. All the resistant strains produced penicillinase. Penicillinase production was demonstrated also in vivo by a test on white mice. PMID- 808006 TI - [Year-round buffering of cattle feed mixture and its effect on metabolism and productivity]. AB - Commercial feed mixture was buffered with a 2% and 3% admixture of bentonite buffer in two beef cattle herds in the course of one year. The mixtures were fed on a continuous basis. The two-per-cent buffer concentration was tested in 110 test animals with 104 control animals and the three-per-cent concentration in 50 test animals with 50 controls. Throughout the trial the over-all health condition remained unchanged, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values were balanced in both groups. The biochemical indices were better in the test groups: hypocalcemia improved (in the controls it grew worse), magnesiemia was slightly increased, the inorganic serum factor did not go beyond physiological limits, and acidosis did not occur (as distinct from the control animals). The levels of transaminases (GOT, GPT), glutamic acid dehydrogenase, total serum protein, alkaline phosphatase as well as ammonia and urea in blood serum were at physiological values with po-differences within groups. In the case of the three-per-cent buffer concentration the daily gains were higher by 0.073 kg, and in the two-per cent concentration by 0.058 kg, in the test animals. The average annual gain was higher by 25.5 kg, and by 18.3 kg, respectively. With respect to the price of buffer and to the efficiency of the animals tested, the economic indices of feed mixture buffering are highly effective. PMID- 808008 TI - [Diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes by immunofluorescence]. AB - For precision of bacteriological diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes (L. m.) the immune fluorescent technique (IFT) was assessed. On using the described immunization pattern high titres of specific antibodies were obtained from the immunized rabbits. The obtained hyperimmune sera yielded very good results when used in IFT, and they were suitable for conjugate production. By means of IFT L.M. was demonstrated from cultures, organ replicas and tissue sections of experimentally infected rabbits. The most brilliant fluorescence was achieved with conjugate of the corresponding serotype, the polytype conjugate yielded demonstrable fluorescence with all serotypes. Listerias showed intensive fluorescence, and in contrast staining of replicas and tissue sections with Evans blue they could be well differentiated from the background. PMID- 808007 TI - [Selenium content in cattle hair in areas with incidence of nutrition-induced muscular dystrophy]. AB - In the South Bohemian Region which is an area of enzootic incidence of nutritional muscle dystrophy selenium content in the fur of dairy cows and young cattle was determined. In the breeds in which the "white muscle disease" appeared in the past years in young cattle, lambs and calves the lowest mean selenium values in the fur dry matter found were: 0.18 +/- 0.07, 0.19 +/- 0.06, and 0.21 +/- 0.08 ppm, with repeated findings of mere 0.09 ppm Se. 60 to 100 per cent samples from these farms showed selenium values below the 0.25 ppm level. The fur of heifers which recovered from nutritional muscle dystrophy and were treated 10 days prior to sampling with a selenium preparation in injection form (Selevit inf. SPOFA) contained 0.29 ppm selenium (+/- 0.11). In other breeds 0.30 +/- 0.07 to 3.33 +/- 0.16 ppm selenium was found in the fur of cows and young cattle. The initial field essay of selenium content in cattle fur indicated a relation of low selenium values to the frequency of clinical forms of nutritional muscle dystrophy in domestic ruminants. PMID- 808010 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the uterine glands of ewes during chlorsuperlutine synchronized estrus]. AB - Dynamics of uterine glands was studied in ewes after oestrus synchronization. Full-value oestrus was obtained in the ewes under study after the introduction of polyurethane vaginal tampons impregnated with 20 mg Chlorsuperlutine Spofa. Endometrium biopsy was used to collect samples after laparotomy. The number of uterine glands showed a significant increase, especially after the application of PMSG; the percentual proportion of glandular tissue in endometrium tree increases. There is an insular-type extension of glands. After ovulation there appear broadly luminized glands with numerous extension reaching up to the cellular layer of endometrium. PMID- 808009 TI - [Suitability of the streptomycin furazolidone combination in the treatment of diarrhea in newborn calves]. AB - In the treatment of diarrhoea in new-born calves in 14 herds, the clinical effectiveness of the combination of streptomycin (1,000,000 i. u.) with furazolidone (0.2 g) was compared with that of streptomycin (1,000,000 i. u.) alone and furazolidone (0.2 g) alone in the peroral application to 710 calves twice daily. The use of the combination resulted in the recovery of 97.1% of 244 calves, the use of streptomycin alone healed 99.2% of 236 calves, and the application of furazolidone healed 97.4% of 230 calves. However, these results are not statistically significant. Taking into account the costs of treatment as well as the losses due to mortality, the treatment with streptomycin alone was more economical than the use of the comdone. The furazolidone therapy was more advantageous than the use of the combination only when evaluated from the viewpoint of the purchase price of calves. PMID- 808011 TI - [Fixed acids in physiological parturition]. AB - The levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and L/P index in blood were studied. During physiological parturition in 25 cows it was found that the levels of lactic acid and pyruvic acid showed an increase during parturition, and this increase reached a maximum at the expulsion stage. When foetus is delivered and parturient activity decreases, the levels of the two metabolites decline gradually. The increased values of the L/P index showing the saturation of tissues with oxygen indicate some degree of oxygen starvation during parturition which does not stop when foetus is out but persists some time after parturition. PMID- 808012 TI - [Fixed acids in protracted parturition]. AB - The levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and L/P index were studied in 15 cows during protracted parturition. All the indices under study respond to the stress to which the organism is exposed as a result of continuing parturient activity:the indices increase in their values, and the peak values occur when the foetus is delivered. The levels of lactic acid and pyruvic acid drop immediately after parturition and the L/P index values decrease from the first hour post partum. PMID- 808013 TI - [Effect of long-term freezing preservation on the level of bacterial contamination of the sperm]. AB - Fourty-five ejaculates of breeding bulls were examined at a breeding station in order to study the contamination level of sperm after ejaculation, after thinning, after finished equilibration, after freezing, and after three months after placement in liquid nitrogen at -- 196 degrees C. The amount of germs in sperm was found to increase rapidly in the course of examination and thinning at laboratory temperature. The average number of 4,149 germs increased to 9,729. During equilibration the number of germs dropped to 3,670, after freezing it decreased to 2,442, and after three months of storage in liquid nitrogen the contamination level was 901 germs. All values were converted to the volume of the insemination dose of 0.2 ml. Incubation at 37 degrees C lasted 48 hours. All differences were statistically significant. The freezing of thinned sperm significantly reduced the level of microflora. PMID- 808014 TI - [Glycogen content and the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase (ARP and AeP) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the sow endometrium during the sexual cycle]. AB - Biochemical indices were determined in 101 samples of endometrium taken from 16 praepubertal and 85 sexually mature gilts divided into four groups according to the stage of the cycle. On an average, glycogen content in praepubertal gilts was 3.354 mg/g-1 of fresh endometrium tissue, and in sexually mature sows 3.035 mg/g 1. A statistically and significantly higher value (4.066 mg:2.098 mg/g-1--P less than 0.01) was obtained in the luteal phase. Alkaline phosphatase showed a significantly higher level (P - less than 0.01) in sexually mature gilts than in praepubertal gilts (3291.2 mU.: :2457.7 mU). Reverse ratios were obtained (492.46 mU:687.8 mU.) in the content of acid phosphatase (P less than 0.01). In sexually mature sows the contents of AIP and AcP in endometrium were higher in the luteal phase (3624 mU. and 508.86 mU.:3085.7 mU. and 481.9 mU.). The differences between individual stages of the cycles were statistically insignificant (P less than 0.1). The content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was slightly lower in praepubertal gilts than in mature sows (4.89 I.U.:526 I.U.). The highest content was found in late metestrus (7.682), and the lowest in sows in proestrus (4.494 I.U.). The difference was statistically highly significant (P less than 0.01). The role of these substances in endometrium and their regulation mechanisms are dealt with in discussion. PMID- 808015 TI - [Changes in the dry matter and various minerals in the sow endometrium during the sexual cycle]. AB - Analyses were performed in 16 praepubertal and 85 sexually mature gilts of the Bohemian Large White breed. The content of dry matter in the endometrium of praepubertal gilts was 15.511%, on an average, and in sexually mature sows 11.968%, on an average, in the follicular phase, and 14.326% in the luteal phase. The differences are statistically highly significant (P less than 0.01). Considerable differences (mostly highly significant) were found also in the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorine in the dry matter of endometrium in praepubertal and sexually mature sows; however, these differences were less frequently dependent on individual stages of the sexual cycle. The highest content of calcium (1.112 mg g(-1)), phosphorus (8.357 mg g(-1)), and magnesium (0.720 mg g(-1)) in dry matter was found in gilts in the oestral phase, and the lowest in late or early metestrus (Ca = 0.625 mg g(-1), P = 0.6369 mg g(-1), Mg = 0.498 mg g(-1). Sodium showed the highest values in proestrus (23.359 mg g(-1)), and potassium in oestrus (13.012 mg g(-1)); their lowest values were recorded in late metestrus (Na = = 17.742 mg g(-1)) and in proestrus (K = 10.141 mg g(-1)). The content of these elements in endometrium dry matter was also much lower in praepubertal gilts than in sexually mature sows (with the exception of phosphorus); the difference was always highly significant. PMID- 808016 TI - [Effect of various solvents and temperatures on the survival of boar spermatozoa]. AB - The second fraction of boar ejaculate was thinned with six differently treated diluents of the Beltsville 3 type and with four diluents of the Ejadyl type containing Chelaton 3. All thinned sperm was kept at the temperature of +4 degrees C and +16 degrees C for 72 hours. At both test temperatures throughout the period of storage, diluents no. 4 and 9 (Beltsville type) and no. 8 (Ejadyl type) were found to be the best. No statistically significant difference was revealed between the mentioned diluents as to their effect. After 72 hours, progressive movement was observed, on an average, in more than 50% of spermatozoa in samples with the mentioned diluents. PMID- 808017 TI - [Frequency and differentiation of defective spermatozoa in relation to the clinical condition of testes in breeding bulls]. AB - Pathological spermatozoa of the bulls of the B. Swiss breed were differentiated in dependence on the clinical condition of testes. The total proportion of pathological spermatozoa was 15.74% in bulls without clinical changes on testes, 20.35% in bulls with testicular degeneration, and 23.28% in bulls showing clinical fibrosis of testes. The incidence of primary abnormities was 82.46, 83.89, and 82.44%, respectively. Defects on head were observed most frequently on spermatozoa (48.57%, 53.26%, and 44.28%, respectively), followed by defects on flagellum (20.94%, 18.56%, 17.24%, respectively), on the connective part (19.55%, 16.61%, 22.65%), and on spermatozoon neck 11.25%, 10.7%, 16.4%). An increased frequency of acrosomal abnormities, piriform spermatozoon heads, retroaxial head position, broken connective part, coiled and spiral-shaped flagellum was examined in all categories of the animals under study. Healthy, fibrotic, and degenerated testes produce different quantities of defective spermatozoa in dependence on the importance of parenchymatous changes. The proportions and incidences of individual abnormities are similar in bulls without clinical testicular changes and in animals with degenerated testes; hence it is impossible to use differential spermiogram in testicular change diagnosis. In bulls with fibrotic testicular finding greater differences were found in a small number of abnormities (acrosomal changes, changes in head size, broken connective part, bent flagellum) which could be used in andrological diagnosis. PMID- 808018 TI - Relationship of bacterial infection in urine and calculi to canine urolithiasis. AB - In 26 dogs treated surgically for urolithiasis, bacteriological examination of the urine and the interior of calculi showed that infection was present in both materials in 14 cases. Infection with phosphate calculi, present in 13 of these 14 dogs, was associated with a variety of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staph epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. In a follow-up examination of 16 dogs, organisms different from the original isolates were recovered from some cases. The significance of the persistence of viable bacteria within canine bladder calculi is discussed. PMID- 808019 TI - Brucellosis: a study of five calves from reactor dams. AB - Five calves from Brucella abortus reactor cows bought after they had been on infected farms for two to six weeks, were reared in isolation and examined serologically for approximately six months prior to cultural and biological examination post mertem. One calf which had been serologically negative to the Rose-Bengal, serum agglutination and complement fixation tests for the last eight weeks of its life yielded a culture of Br abortus biotype 1. This serotype had also been isolated from its dam at parturition. PMID- 808020 TI - A ten year study of ovarian tumors. AB - A study of 213 ovarian tumors was undertaken with respect to the published assumption that there may be a relationship between presence of crystals of silicate in the ovarian tissue and neoplastic transformation. The histological review gave the opportunity to classify these tumors according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The frequency of histological types, age distribution and the site of involvement were determined. These data were compared to those in the literature. Our findings confirm the high incidence of serous tumors and bilaterality reported by others as well as the high risk of ovarian cancer in women in their fifties. A comparative study of the age distribution of cytadenomas was made. It suggests that cystadenomas might be considered as a precursor to the cystadenocarcinomas because of their appearance at younger age. A deliberate search for silicate crystals in periovarian adhesions and in tumor tissue showed a minimal incidence of crystalline material. This does not support a direct relationship between silicate crystals and ovarian tumors. However, it is suggested that neoplastic changes may occur in the ovarian surface as a result of adhesions engendered by deposition of silicate crystals. PMID- 808021 TI - [Ultrastructural findings in carcinoma of the prostate after combined endocrine and radiation treatment]. AB - Carcinomas of the prostate treated by orchiectomy, 60Co-radiation, and hormonal drugs a relatively short time prior to the time of biopsy were studied with the electron microscope. The following degenerative changes of tumor cells and fibromuscular stroma were found: The nuclei of the tumor cells were intensely heterochromatic, irregularly shaped, and the perinuclear rim dilated; large atypical sizes, multiple segmentations and "nuclear invaginations" were observed. The tumor cell cytoplasm showed vacuolar degeneration, and the limiting membranes of the tumor cells were extensively destroyed. Remarkable changes were also found in the fibromuscular stroma: There was a proliferation of collagenous fibers as well as degenerative transformations ending in hyalinization. The smooth muscle cells were dissociated and fragmented, sometimes showing vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm. The endothelium of the blood vessels was swollen, and the vessel walls were thickened. In spite of these radiation-induced lesions it remains undecided as to what degree the other therapeutic measures take part in the total therapeutic effects as seen in the ultrastructural findings. However, these regressive changes are much more pronounced than those seen after orchiectomy alone and partly resemble the findings which are characteristic of radiation induced structural lesions. The morphological changes are not uniform throughout the tumor. It is not unusual to find intact tumor cells next to totally degenerated cells. They represent poorly differentiated tumor cells. It is discussed whether these "embryonic" tumor cell types are and remain resistant to treatment and if a tumor recurrance may originate in them later on. PMID- 808022 TI - Antibodies reacting with the glomerular mesangium. Isolation and immunopathology. AB - Antigens of porcine lung were prepared by homogenization and ultrasonic treatment of lung tissue. The antigens were digested by collagenase and trypsin and chromatographed on Sephadex G 200. After immunization of rabbits with certain fractions of the chromatographed material, antibodies could be obtained in rabbits which fixed in vitro and in vivo in the glomerular mesangium of rats, hogs and the human, but not in the basement membrane of glomeruli of these species. Following intravenous injection into rats, the antibodies could be observed in the mesangial area without an apparent loss of antigenicity for 55 days. While 5 days after the application of 20 mg of the anti-mesangial IgG preparation, there were no glomerular changes histologically demonstrable, after 55 days small amounts of rat-IgG could be demonstrated histochemically within the mesangium. Deposits of rat-complement (C3) could not be demonstrated with certainty. Severe morphological lesions were absent. Rats injected with the same doses of antibody and simultaneously immunized with rabbit-IgG showed a substantially greater deposit of autologous rat-IgG and rat-complement within the mesangial area after 55 days. By histological examination focal and segmental scleroses of the mesangium were determined. A significant pathological proteinuria did not occur. The present model constitutes a new possibility for studying the function of the glomerular mesangium. PMID- 808023 TI - An electron microscope study of "Pacinian neurofibroma". AB - An electron microscope study has been made of the "Pacinian neurofibroma". Unlike the usual neurofibroma the "Pacinian neurofibroma" is characterized by a proliferation of the so-called perineurial cells. Groups of surface vesicles, the absence of mesoaxons and a fragmented basallamina differentiate these perineurial cells from Schwann cells. The formation of the perineurial cells can be traced continuously from small and wide submicroscopic cellbands and clubshaped thickenings to ribbonlike cell complexes as well as to tactile-like structures. The most developed complexes and structures are visible with the light microscope. These formations do not correspond with real tactile corpuscles, rather they can be considered as neoplastic structures of the perineurium. PMID- 808025 TI - Ultrastructure of calcification in Sturge-Weber Disease. AB - The ultrastructure of calcareous deposits in a case of Sturge-Weber disease is described. Concrements were found mainly extracellularly, outside of blood vessels, but there were some also within the vessel walls. The laminated concrements are built up of fine filaments, similar to those seen in the Fahr's disease. Needle-like cristals (calcium apatit) were observed within the concrements. Increased permeability of the altered vessel walls may be responsible for these alterations. PMID- 808024 TI - [Incomplete, combined hereditary immunodeficiency with generalized tuberculosis after BCG-vaccination from bacille Calmette Guerin (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hereditary incomplete, combined immunodeficiency is reported. The patient, a 20-week-old boy, suffered from severe, generalized tuberculosis after BCG-vaccination. A conspicuous discrepancy was found between the normal number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the severe morphological changes in the organs of the lymphoreticular system (deficient development of thymic structures; absence of lymphocytes in the thymus and the thymus-dependent areas of the periphery as well as in the bursa-dependent structures). A partial primary defect of the stem cells and a secondary insufficiency of the functions with incomplete differentiation due to an insufficiency of the primary lymphatic organs are discussed as possible causative factors. The inability to develop epitheloid cells in connection with the tuberculous infection is interpreted in part as a sequence of a T-cell insufficiency. PMID- 808026 TI - Septate-like junctions in abnormal erythroblasts: cytochemical, ultrastructural and freeze-etch studies. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the bone marrow of a patient with refractory anemia revealed aberrant erythroblasts with unique cell junctions. Periodic structures linked adjacent processes on the same cell as well as surfaces of neighboring erythroblasts. Inclusions circumscribed by similar complexes were also present in the cytoplasm. The junction appeared in cross sections as two rigidly parallel unit membranes separated by 250-300 A interspace with two regular arrays of facing 70 A particles at intervals of 160-200 A. These intracellular specializations were present between erythroblasts at various stages of maturation and between, mono, bi or multinucleated erythroblasts. Junctions were permeable to lanthanum and many that appeared to be intracellular were demonstrated to be continuous with the extracellular space. The fact that others were not penetrated by lanthanum indicates that detachment of the interdigitating processes from cells of origin could have occurred. In freeze-etched replicas, distribution of membrane particles was random in areas of septate-like junctions, although parallel rows were sometimes observed both on A and B inner hydrophobic faces of the membrane leaflets. Junctional complexes in tissue culture appeared to have been disrupted and were not reestablished; however, inclusions resembling internalized junctions were observed associated with multivesicular bodies. Ineffective erythropoiesis and the resulting refractory anemia appear to be associated with the presence of the described anomalous junctional complexes. PMID- 808027 TI - Kinetics of cell proliferation and cell loss in the peripheral and central parts of Walker tumours growing in rats and nude mice. AB - In previous experiments it was shown that, in the submucosal part of Walker tumours transplanted to the gastric wall of rats, a lower rate of cell proliferation was seen in the peripheral zone, defined as the outer 100-120 mu of the tumours, than in the main tumour mass. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate whether such differences are independent of the location of the Walker tumour, or were caused by local factors specific for the gastric mucosa, and whether specific cellular immunity cell proliferation at the periphery of a transplanted tumour. Cells from Walker 256 tumour were injected into the subcutaneous space in rats and in mutant nude mice, which lack T lymphocytes. In one series, the rats and mice were injected with 3H-TDR at different time intervals before sacrifice. In a second series vinblastine sulfate was injected 3 hours before sacrifice. Although all the animals were given the same tumour dose, the tumours in mice increased in size more slowly than those in rats. In the first-mentioned series, the mitotic counts, the labelled cells and the percentage labelled mitoses (PLM) in the main tumour mass and at the tumour perphery were counted. In the second series the mitotic rate in the same two regions was determined. A significantly lower rate of cell proliferation was demonstrated at the periphery compared to the main tumour mass in both rats and mice. Differences between the PLM curves in the two regions were also found. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed. It is concluded that the described growth pattern is probably a general characteristic of the Walker tumour, and that the low rate of proliferation at the periphery is not caused by specific immunological mechanisms mediated through T lymphocytes. If the growth rates were calculated on the assumtion that the actual tumour growth followed a Gompertz function, then the rate of cell loss in the tumour in mice was higher than that in the tumour in rats. PMID- 808028 TI - Evidence of cartilage flow in deep defects in articular cartilage. AB - Full thickness defects (core defects) violating subchondral bone were created in the weight-bearing area of articular cartilage lining the rabbit medial femoral condyle. The repair reaction that follows has two components: (1) a sliding and flowing of cartilage over the edge of the defect and (2) a filling of the defect by repair tissue arising from the marrow spaces. Past studies have paid little or no attention to cartilage flow but this first scanning electron microscopic study of deep defects shows that it is an important phenomenon which materially affects the changes that occur and also the outcome of such injuries. Briefly, we have found that in most cases the cartilage flows downwards into the core defect. The repair tissue then grows along and over the "toed-in" catilage. In other cases the flowing cartilage rides over the repair tissue from the marrow spaces and as a result of load bearing and joint movement, becomes frayed and drawn out into long ribbons and rope-like structures. PMID- 808029 TI - The induction of atherosclerotic plaque-like mounds in cultures of aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Smooth muscle cells harvested from the tunica media of piglet aortae were maintained in continous culture for 10 months. When grown in the presence of 95% air and 5% CO2 they maintained a mature morphology as evaluated ultrastructurally. As these populations became confluent, the cells became oriented parallel to each other. When grown in the presence of 4% O2, 91% N2, and 5% CO2, this polarized pattern was disrupted. Focal areas of lipid accumulation were observed, succeeded by mound formation at these sites. The mound stained positive with PAS, aldehyde fuchsin, and oil red O. They were surrounded by 2-4 layers of intact cells. The centers of the mound were composed of extracellular material and cell debris. PMID- 808031 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of mercuric chloride-induced acute tubular necrosis in rat kidney. AB - Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used to elucidate morphological changes associated with acute tubular necrosis induced by high doses of mercuric chloride. Marked morphological changes were demonstrated in proximal tubules with TEM at one hour and with both SEM and TEM at six hours. These changes appeared earlier than reported in previous studies using any dose. The scanning microscopic provided a three-dimensional view of proximal cells showing changes in early injury with subsequent separation of the injured cells from the remaining cells. Certain of these residual cells change into low-lying cells with reline the proximal tubule. Variability was seen in the number of residual cells. However, once cell injury was initiated, necrosis proceeded in a reproducible manner. PMID- 808032 TI - Regeneration of plants from protoplasts of potato virus X-infected tobacco leaves. PMID- 808030 TI - Cell population kinetics in the mouse jejunal crypt. AB - The time parameters of the cell cycle were determined in the jejunal crypts of male Balb/c mice by an FLM experiment. The cell cycle time was 12.42 +/- 0.11 h, and the duration of DNA synthesis was 7.61 +/- 0.99 (mean values +/- S.E.). A stathmokinetic technique using vincristine gave a value of Tc of 11.8 h. The growth fraction (Ip) calculated from cycle parameters and the labelling index was 0.61, while a value of Ip estimated from a labelling index distribution curve was 0.65. For the whole crypt a value of 0.86 h was obtained for the duration of mitosis, longer than that in the rat. The mitotic duration was found to vary with cell position, but values of between 0.8 and 1.2 h prevailed throughout the proliferative compartment; values in the basal cell positions appeared shorter. Apparent cell cycle times were longest in the basal cell positions. A value for crypt migration rate calculated from a cumulative birth rate curve was 1.48 cell positions per h, compared with a value of 1.8 +/- 0.27 cell positions per h as measured from movement of the 50% peak value on the labelling index distribution curve with time after tritiated thymidine. The crypt cell production rate was calculated from microdissected and squashed crypts to be about 14 cells per crypt per h. There was a total crypt population of 282 +/- 65 (S.E.) cells, of which 172 were proliferative. PMID- 808034 TI - The molecular size of the RNA genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PP7. PMID- 808035 TI - Cone contribution to the cat early receptor potential. PMID- 808033 TI - Immune lysis of Sindbis virus. PMID- 808037 TI - [Certain physico-chemical properties of blood and functional state of the liver in chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 808036 TI - [Effectiveness of parenteral feeding with various hydrolysates in alloxan diabetes in white rats]. AB - The effect of applying various hydrolysates for parenteral feeding (caseine hydrolysate, hydrolysin L-103, aminosol, moriamine S-2) in albino rats with alloxan-induced diabetes was investigated. The assimilation of the hydrolysates introduced was found in these animals to be down by comparison with intact ones. It was only administration of nitrogenous media containing a sufficient amount of aminic nitrogen (moriamine S-2) that helped establish a positive nitrogenous balance and to prevent a loss of weight and the dry weight of the tissues. PMID- 808038 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of acute ankle sprains. PMID- 808039 TI - Viral pericarditis. PMID- 808040 TI - WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Twenty-sixth report. PMID- 808041 TI - The disposition and metabolism of I.C.I. 58,834 (viloxazine) in animals. AB - 1. 2-(2-Ethoxyphenoxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine (I.C.I. 58,834) has been prepared in three different 14C-labelled forms and its absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination studied in six animals species. 2. In all species I.C.I. 58,834 was well absorbed after oral administration and extensively metabolized. Excretion via the kidney was the main route of elimination. 3. In the rat the major metabolic pathway is o-dealkylation and sulphate conjugation; the dealkylated metabolite was detected in brain extracts. A novel type of polar metabolite was isolated from rat urine, apparently a conjugate with sulphate and hippurate. 4. The metabolic pathways in beagle dogs include hydroxylation of the phenyl ring (and subsequent conjugation), N methylation, formation of the N-methyl-N-oxide, and oxidation of the oxazine ring. 5. Maximum blood levels of I.C.I. 58,834 in dogs were unchanged during eight weeks daily administration and the half-life was 2.5-3 h. I.C.I. 58,834 is the main component in dog blood. Rat serum contains mainly conjugates of dealkylated I.C.I. 58,834 and the parent compound is a minor component. 6. None of the metabolites has significant CNS activity and activity observed following administration of I.C.I. 58,834 is due primarily to the parent compound. PMID- 808043 TI - [Correlation of clinical signs and X-ray findings in congenital dysplasia of the hip]. AB - Drawing on unselected case histories of 650 children (2-12 months) the authors study the frequency of dysplasia of the hip from the orthopedic and pediatric points of view. The X-ray findings for dysplasia are classified in terms of different degrees of severity and compared with clinically demonstrable symptoms of dysplasia. This comparison showed 88 (13.5%) cases of dysplasia diagnosed on the basis of X-ray findings; 32 (4.9%) of these presented no clinical symptoms whatever. This would mean that more than one third of all cases of dysplasia are not detected clinically when there is only a single examination. Even when the under-three-months age group is excluded, we must still assume 3.3% clinically inconspicuous cases of dysplasia. This situation makes for considerable difficulty in diagnosing dysplasia of the hip. In view of well-known delayed effects of this disease, the authors urge that it be diagnosed as throughly and comprehensively as possible. As an improved approach to dealing with this problem, they recommend regular pediatric examinations plus obligatory orthopedic check-ups of every infant and X-ray examination wherever there is the slightest suspicion of congenital dysplasia of the hip. PMID- 808042 TI - The effects of the non-ionic detergent Tween 80 on hepatic microsomal hydroxylation. AB - 1. Effects of the non-ionic detergent Tween 80 on hamster liver microsomal components and on various reactions, including biphenyl hydroxylation, have been studied. Tween 80 competitively inhibited both 2- and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl, with Ki values of 4-9 and 4-1 mM. The apparent kinetic constants corrected for the inhibitory effect of 2-9 mM Tween 80 (the concn. routinely used) were for 2-hydroxylation: Km = 0-47 mM, Vmax = 2-2 nmol/min/mg; and for 4 hydroxylation: Km = 0-14 mM, Vmax = 3-5 nmol/min/mg. 2. The type I spectrally apparent interaction of biphenyl with liver microsomes (Ks = 0-23 mM; deltaEmax = 8-2 E/2 mg protein) was also competitively inhibited by Tween 80 (Ki = 1-1 mM), itself an apparently type I substrate. 3. Tween 80 (9-5 mM) activated aniline 4 hydroxylation. The type II spectrally obvious interaction between aniline and microsomes was not affected by Tween 80. 4. Tween 80 and biphenyl together enhanced NADPH-cytochrome c reduction whereas Tween 80 and aniline together had no effect. Tween 80 did not affect the stability of cytochrome P-450 in microsomal suspensions over a 5 min period. 5. Results are discussed in terms of differences between biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylation systems, between type I and II substrate-enzyme complexes, and in terms of the relevance of spectral interactions to aryl hydroxylations. PMID- 808044 TI - [Electron histochemical study of gonoccocal cultures]. PMID- 808045 TI - [Gonorrheal arthritis and arthritides in gonorrhea patients (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 808046 TI - Typhoid gamma G, gamma M and gamma A antibodies in persons with different relation to the typhoid infection. AB - A study has been made of the differences in specific antibodies in three classes of immunoglobulins in sera of persons with different relation to the typhoid infection. The amount of specific antibodies was calculated from the differences in the levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA before and after absorption with purified O, Vi and H antigens. The concentration of each immunoglobulin class was determined by means of single radial immunodiffusion. The results showed a significant decrease of IgA in the sera of typhoid carriers and IgM in the sera of patients with typhoid fever and persons with typhoid history after the absorption with the above mentioned antigens. The amount of eliminated antibodies in IgA class of the sera from typhoid carriers was 2.4 time higher as compared with the sera of non-carriers with typhoid history. The level of gamma M antibodies was 2.2 time higher in the sera of patients with typhoid fever and 2.8 time higher in the sera of persons with typhoid history than in the sera of typhoid carriers. In the IgG class no significant differences were observed. PMID- 808047 TI - [Effects of an antiserum prepared against purified protease of pseudomonas aeruginosa (authors transl)]. AB - Purified protease was obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It stimulated in rabbits the production of antibodies, which could be demonstrated mainly in an indirect hemagglutination test. Injected intracutaneously into rabbits, the protease caused an increased permeability in the capillaries and in higher doses bleedings. Immunization with the protease reduced the development of these lesions. Similar findings were obtained in experiments with mice. An antiserum prepared in rabbits against purified protease did not protect mice against infection with P. aeruginosa. However, a small protective effect could be observed after active immunization. PMID- 808048 TI - In vitro study of the influence of virginiamycin and spiramycin on the composition and biochemical activities of the gastrointestinal flora of piglets. II. Influence on the biochemical activities of the microflora. AB - Chemical analysis was carried out on 54 in vitro fermentations to study the influence of nutritional doses of Virginiamycin and Spiramycin on the metabolic activity of the gastro-intestinal flora of 18 in vivo treated piglets. Changes in the decomposition of glucose and the production of NH3, volatile acids and lactic acid are recorded in function of time. These results are in good accordance with changes noted in the composition of the bacterial flora, such as a marked decrease in the production of lactic acid, caused by Virginiamycin, combined with a decrease in the number of Lactobacilli and Enterococci. Virginiamycin caused marked changes in the metabolic activity of certain groups of bacteria, while there was only a slight effect noted for Spiramycin, although in vivo treatments with this antibiotic still show up in the results of the in vitro incubations. The overall results indicate that both antibiotics have marked influences on the intestinal flora of the pig, either by selective inhibiting of the flora resulting in a change of the metabolities formed, either by a change in the metabolic activity of some bacterial groups. PMID- 808049 TI - Effect of Corynebacterium parvum on the course of a Listeria monocytogenes infection in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - Spleen counts of Listeria monocytogenes in normal mice challenged with various numbers of organisms were generally lower in mice injected 3 days previously with killed Corynebacterium parvum. This increased resistance was unexpected since C. parvum generally inhibits T cell-mediated immunity, the functional immunity against Listeria being T cell-dependent. The inhibitory effect on T cells seemed to be compensated by the stimulatory effect of C. parvum on macrophages. Therefore, the experiments were repeated in congenitally athymic (nude) mice (B10LP) lacking functional T cells. C. parvum pretreatment of nu/nu mice prolonged the time between challenge and death, the number of survivors in the pretreated and non-treated mice being approximately equal. It was concluded that C. parvum exerted a stimulatory effect on macrophages resulting in a higher resistance against Listeria. PMID- 808050 TI - Nation-wide survey of antibiotic resistance by means of a computer. Analysis of 200.000 strains of problem bacteria isolated in 1973. AB - Based on a pilot study performed in 5 District Public Health Laboratories (PHL) in the Slovakia in 1972 (1), the computer system for elaborating the informations concerning the resistance of "problem bacteria" to antibiotics has completely been introduced in 18 PHLs for all-year studies on the resistance to antibiotics in 1973. The results obtained in each PHL and also in total of about 200.000 bacterial strains belonging to 8 of the clinically most important bacterial species were passed on to the corresponding PHL and to the health authorities twice a year. Each PHL elaborated these data being useful and instructive for general practitioners and clinicians in the hospitals of their districts to a commented information on the actual state of effectiveness of individual antibacterial drugs. The multiple spectra of resistance to antibiotics indicating the occurrence of R plasmids in clinical isolates of bacteria and the dynamics for the development of resistance against certain specially monitored "reserved antibiotics" are elaborated at present and will be published in a subsequent communication... PMID- 808051 TI - The influence of some cations on bacterial endotoxins: copper. AB - In the course of its isolation and purification, bacterial endotoxin may be contaminated by some inorganic cations. The present study was concerned with Cu 2+ contamination of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (LPS) extracted from Shigella dysenteriae 1 S and R strains. The Cu-2+ contamination level of LPS prepared by Raynaud's method and partly purified through Sephadex G200 and Sepharose 4B was in the range of 1-5 mug Cu-2+/mg LPS. Crude Raynauds extract, similarly as LPS prepared by Westphal's method without subsequent purification, contained 0.02-0,1 mug Cu-2+/mg LPS. The linkage of Cu-2+ to LPS was relatively weak; the Cu-2+ content could be substantially reduced, viz. to 0.05-0.1 mug/mg, by dialysis against solutions of suitable complex-forming agents (EDTA, DL-alpha alanine). Neither a grossly augmented (up to 60 mug/mg) nor a lowered Cu-2+ concentration (0.02 mug/mg) had any appreciable influence on the toxicity or other biological properties of LPS. Attention is drawn to this ability of LPS to bind and again readily release a relatively large amount of Cu-2+ and the possibility that this ability is utilized by the bacterial cell in Cu-2+ transport through the cell membrane. PMID- 808052 TI - [The closed hexagon immunodiffusion (CHI) for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis (author's transl)]. AB - 1273 sera from microfilaria-positive and -negative persons living in an onchocerciasis-endemic area in Liberia were examined. For this purpose a modification of the Ouchterlony-test was performed and compared with other methods. In the complement-fixation test many sera showed complement inhibition without any possibility to eliminate it. There were considerably varying titers in the indirect hemagglutination test. This helped to distinguish groups with different correlations to microfilaria-findings. The closed hexagon immunodiffusion after TRAAVIK, SIEBKE and KJELDSBERG (1972) - a modified OUCHTERLONY-test - proved to be nearly as good as indirect hemagglutination. An advantage of the CHI test is that it is easy to carry out. CHI reacted in 64% of microfilaria-positive and in 25% of microfilaria-negative cases. PMID- 808053 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on cysts of sarcocystis fusiformis in the muscles of calves infected experimentally with oocysts and sporocysts of isospora hominis Railliet et Lucet, 1891. 1. The development of cyst and cyst wall (author's transl)]. AB - In several experiments young calves were infected with isospora hominis sporocysts excreted by human males who had ingested raw beef containing Sarcocystis fusiformis cysts. On the 29th, 48th, 62nd and 98 day p.i. the calves were killed and the development of S. fusiformis cysts in muscle cells was studied by light and electron microscopy. Beginning with the 48th day p.i. numerous cysts containing small numbers of metrocytes only were observed. The cysts developed from a parasitophorous vacuole within the host cells. At first this parasitophorous vacuole was limited by a single unit membrane, which soon became thickened at numberous places inside of the vacuole by osmiophilic material. This complex is called primary wall (equal to Primarhulle), reaching a thickness of up to 32 nm in old cysts. This primary wall became regularly folded. forming palisade-like protrusions. On the 62nd day after inoculation these protrusions measured about 2-3 mum in length and 0.5-0.7 mum in diameter. In light microscopy the combined protrusions had the appearance of a radially striated "thick wall", because of their close proximity to each other. PMID- 808054 TI - [Investigations on the influence of NO2 and SO2 as well a combination of the two gases on the production of precipitating antibodies in guinea-pigs (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of NO2 and SO2 or their combination on the production of precipitating antibodies was studied in guinea pigs. The gas concentration has been 10 mg/m3; the continuous exposure began 3 days before sensitization and lasted up to the testing date. Sensitization was done s.c. and i.m. with fresh chicken albumen plus complete Freund's adjuvans. Production of precipitating antibodies was tested by the double diffusion method of Ouchterlony. Moreover total protein content was measured and an immunelectrophoretic separation of the protein fractions was performed with polyvalent antiguinea pig serum. The statistical evaluation of the results has yielded no support in favour of an interaction of NO2 and SO2 or their combination in the concentration used on the formation of precipitating antibodies. PMID- 808055 TI - [Comparative importance of different transmission factors in the spread of acute intestinal infections]. AB - The authors generalized literature data on a comparative epidemiological significance of individual ways of transmission in the spread of escherichiasis, shigelloses, salmonelloses and cholera. Resistance of the corresponding causative agents to the factors of external environment and the action of gastric juice were considered. Data on concentrations of different enteropathogenic agents in the feces of patients, convalescents and healthy carriers were compared with the observations on doses causing the disease in man. On the basis of analysis a conclusion was drawn on a different significance of water, food and domestic ways of infection in the spread of various etiological forms of acute intestinal infections. PMID- 808056 TI - [Characteristics of the immunogenic properties of cholerogen-anatoxin according to gel precipitation reactions and quantity of reducing sugars]. AB - The authors suggest the use of determination of the titre of the diffuse precipitation in gel test with the O-cholera serum, and the content of reducing sugars after Hagedorn-Jensen to characterize the antibacterial properties of the cholerogen-toxoid preparation along with (or instead of) the active mouse protection (AU50) test used earlier, because a close correlative association was established between them. No correlative association proved to exist between the vibriocidal antibody titre of the sera of rabbits immunized with the cholerogen toxoid and the mouse protection (AU50) test or the titre of the precipitation in gel test in the preparation. PMID- 808057 TI - [Iridescent phenomenon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 808058 TI - [Toxicity and virulence of different strains of meningococcus]. AB - With the aid of a modified Dubos and Schaedleder's method a determination was made on albino mice of the toxicity of 49 strains of meningococcus. The greatest toxicity was possessed by strains isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrospinal meningitis; standard strains were less toxic and strains isolated from healthy carriers were nontoxic. The living and the heated cultures of meningococci produced the same toxic action which was apparently associated with the thermostable antigens of the cell. The virulence studied in 24 strains of meningococcus on a model of 9-day chick embryos failed to correlate with the toxic properties of the strains. PMID- 808059 TI - [Ultrastructure of Bac. anthracis and Bac. cereus]. AB - A study was made of the ultrastructure of Bac. anthracis and Bac. cereus (strains 1835 and 205). There were established definite morphological differences between the bacilli under study. The cell wall was much thicker in the causative agent of anthrax, it was permeated by tubules; the surface of the wall was covered by a thick layer of osmiophilic material. The spore membrane of Bac. anthracis was multistratal in character; osmiophilic filaments were seen on the surface of exosporium. Fungoid processes from the cell wall were present in Bac. cereus (strain No. 205); intraplasmic membrane structures were considerably developed; a crystal located on the contralateral end of the cell was formed with the spore, both processes coinciding in time. PMID- 808060 TI - [Microbial hydroxylation of estratrienes]. AB - Incubation of the synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethinyl-estradiol-3-methylether (mestranol) with cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum gave 6alpha-hydroxy-17alpha ethinylestradiol-3-methylether and 6beta-hydroxy-17alpha-ethinylestradiol-3 methylether. The corresponding 3-demethylated compound, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, gave the 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxy derivatives in lower yields. If the 6-hydroxy compounds were incubated, they were partially isomerized to a mixture of the 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxy compounds. Estradiol, estrone and the corresponding methylethers were not hydroxylated. By incubation with cultures of Streptomyces olivaceus, estradiol, estrone and the corresponding methylethers were hydroxylated to 16alpha-hydroxy derivatives. 17alpha-Ethinyl compounds were not hydroxylated. 17alpha-Azidomethyl estradiol gave 17alpha-hydroxymethyl estradiol. Structures were established by chromatographical comparison and by IR and NMR spectra. Relations between metabolism of estratrienes by the mentioned microorganisms and the mammalian metabolism are discussed PMID- 808062 TI - The effect of atropine on insulin release caused by intravenous glucose in the rhesus monkey. AB - Glucose was given as a rapid intravenous injection to fasted anaesthetized rhesus monkeys, and the concentrations of blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured. Glucose caused a biphasic insulin response. The first phase (which was short) occurred 1 min after the injection; the second was longer, and occurred 17 to 30 min after the injection. Following the control glucose injection, each animal was given atropine, and the insulin response to an identical glucose stimulus was measured. This produced a mean reduction of 45% in the area under the curve of insulin release. Both phases of insulin release were inhibited by atropine. When glucose was given alone, its mean half-time of disappearance from the circulation (t1/2) was 25.4 ( plus or minus 1.9 SEM) min. After atropine the mean t1/2 was 36.6 (plus or minus 3.1 SEM) min, a significant difference. It is suggested that the delayed rate of disappearance of glucose from the circulation is the result of inhibition of insulin release by atropine. PMID- 808063 TI - Abnormal response of thyrotrophin and growth hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone in chronic renal failure. AB - Serum levels of TSH and GH were measured by radioimmunoassay after iv injection of 500 mug of TRH in 9 undialysed patients and 12 dialysed patients with chronic renal failure and in 6 healthy subjects. The basal level of the serum TSH was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure than that in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 30 min after TRH injection, while in patients with chronic renal failure, serum TSH rose to a maximum level 60 min after TRH injection. The mean maximum increment of serum TSH in healthy subjects was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic renal failure. Although TSH levels rapidly decreased after initial rise at 30 min after TRH administration in healthy subjects, these did not show significant changes at 60 and 120 min compared with values at 30 min after TRH administration in both dialysed and undialysed patients. The basal level of serum GH was significantly higher in dialysed patients with chronic renal failure than in healthy subjects. Serum GH level was much higher in dialysed patients at 30 min after TRH INJECTION COMPARED WITH THAT IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. These findings may indicate that the response of the pituitary to TRH is abnormal and that the turnover of TSH and GH is decreased in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 808061 TI - Inactivation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone by rat hypothalamic L cystine arylamidase. AB - The rate of hydrolysis of several aminoacyl-4-nitroanilides by rat hypothalamic arylamidases was investigated. The activity of these enzymes which were mainly found in the 105 000 times g supernatant fraction of homogenates of the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain was shown to depend upon the presence of metal ions and free thiol groups, and to be inhibited by puromycin. As previous investigations had shown that Cys-NA is an appropiate substrate for measuring hormone effects on hypothalamic arylamidases, L-cystine arylamidase and its interaction with various peptide hormones were examined in detail. It could conclusively be shown that this enzyme interacts particularly with oligopeptides. Its activity was competitively inhibited by TRF, oxytocin, lysine vasopressin, and LH-RH. It was also shown that the biological activity of LH-RH and its inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis of L-cystine-bis-p-nitroanilide decreased when it was incubated for various periods of time with the 105 000 times g supernatant of rat hypothalumus homogenate. PMID- 808064 TI - Plasma prolactin levels after TRH and chlorpromazine in normal subjects and patients with impaired pituitary function. AB - Basal plasma prolactin levels and values after stimulation with TRH and chlorpromazine respectively were measured. TRH tests were performed in 50 healthy subjects (25 women and 25 men). The basal prolactin levels and the maximum increment were found to be as follows in women 22.02 ng/ml PMID- 808065 TI - Different effects of oral doses of triiodothyronine or thyroxine on the inhibition of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) mediated thyrotrophin (TSH) response in man. AB - Since contradicting results about the existence of T3 or T3 and T4 receptors in pituitary tissue have been reported, the influence of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) or L-thyroxine (L-T4) on TRH stimulated TSH release was investigated. Oral administration of 50 mug L-T3 caused an increasing inhibition of TSH response to 400 mug TRH from 64% 2 h after L-T3 intake to 29% after 24 h, while serum T3 peaks up to 5.45 ng/ml occurred between 2 to 4 h after L-T3 ingestion and became normal after 8 to 10 h. This delay in the T3 action on TRH inhibition agrees with the postulate that T3 induces the synthesis of an inhibiting protein which is blocking TSH liberation. Oral administration of 1000 mug L-T4 induced increments of serum T4 up to 221 ng/ml between 6 to 24 h after intake; however, a TRH inhibition of 62% did not become evident before 48 h. At this time T3 levels had risen to the upper normal range. These results support the theory that T3 is responsible for the regulation of TSH secretion. An intra-pituitary conversion from T4 to T3 seems more likely the cause of the TRH inhibition rather than the peripheral T4-T3 conversion or a direct action by T4 binding sites in the pituitary. PMID- 808066 TI - The rate of triiodothyronine dissociation from binding sites in human plasma. AB - A method is described for estimating the rate of triiodothyronine (T3) dissociation from binding sites in human plasma. At trace concentration about 25% of the hormone dissociates rapidly, the reaction being more than half complete within 1 second. The remaining 75% dissociates exponentially with a t1/2 of 4.2 seconds at 37-38 degrees C. When the plasma is loaded with thyroxine to displace the T3 from thyroxine-binding globulin, the slow exponential reaction is lost and all of the hormone dissociates rapidly. These results indicate that the free and bound T3 in plasma are in a state of rapid exchange. PMID- 808067 TI - Hairy cell leukemia ('leukemic reticuleondotheliosis'), reticulosarcoma, and monocytic leukemia. Cytochemical and ultrastructural investigations. AB - Cytochemical and electron-microcopic studies have been carried out on leukemic monocytes and 'hairy cells' (HC), 'reticulosarcoma' (RS) cells and cells of cases of 'reticulosis' and 'reticulosarcoma cell leukemia'. Additional investigations included equantitative determinations of the urinary lysozyme excretion, skin window studies, testing of the phagocytosis of ferritin by HC, and labelling of the Fc receptors on CH at the ultrastructural level. Clear evidences against any cytological relationship among leukemic HC and monocytes have been provided. Further results argued also against the frequently stressed relationship among leukemic monocytes and RS cells. Cases of 'RS cell leukemia' and 'reticulosis' had to be reclassified as lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, acute lymphatic, and myeloblastic leukemias. Besides distinct ultrastructural differences among HC, RS cells, and lymphocytes, mainly gradual differences have been noted using cytochemical methods and by evaluating the phagocytosis of ferritin particles. A further common trait of HC, RS cells, and B lymphocytes seems to be the presence of surface Fc receptors. A more precise classification instead of the diagnosis 'reticulosarcoma' and 'reticulosarcoma cell leukemia' is required, and the use of the term 'hairy cell' leukemia is suggested stead of the misleading term 'leukemic reticuloendotheliosis'. PMID- 808068 TI - The cytochemical beta-glucuronidase reaction in the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemias. AB - The value of the cytochemical beta-glucuronidase (beta-gluc.) reaction in the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemia was assessed in a series of 100 adult patients. A purely granular type of reaction was observed in 7 out of 8 cases of lymphoblastic leukaemia and in 2 of 11 cases of acute leukaemia of uncertain type. Such an exclusively granular reaction was never seen in other types of acute leukaemia. In most cases of myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemia, a positive staining reaction was noted which was either diffuse or a combination of diffuse and finely granular. The cells of one patient with lymphoblastic leukaemia were negative for beta-gluc. A coarsely granular PAS reaction was noted in 5 cases of lymphoblastic leukaemia including the one with negative beta-glu, reaction. Our results show that the beta-gluc, reaction is of definite value in the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukaemia, and that it is probably more sensitive than the PAS reaction. In monocytic or myelomonocytic leukaemia, the pattern and intensity of staining did not differ appreciably from that seen in myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 808069 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the transport iron compartment I. In vivo radioiron clearance from high and low saturated transferrin. AB - Two transferrin solutions of 4 and 80% 59Fe saturation respectively were administered to humans 30 min apart. The radioiron clearnce from the high saturated preparation was significantly accelerated. Comparable results were obtained in rats when normal rat serum was used instead of purified transferrin. PMID- 808070 TI - Transfer of iron-dextran across the placenta. AB - In pregnant mice. 55Fe-labeled iron-dextran (Imferon) is transferred across the placenta. It was detected in the bone marrow, liver, spleen and peripheral blood of the pregnant animal, as well as in the embryonic liver erythroid precursors and peripheral blood. Uptake by liver and peripheral blood cells of pregnant anemic mice and by liver erythroid precursors of anemic embryos was significantly higher than in normal control animals. Electron-microscopic examination revealed that the iron deposits in the embryonic liver erythroid precursors had the same structure as the injected Imferon. PMID- 808071 TI - In vitro and in vivo influence of penicillin G on platelet aggregation. AB - The influence of penicillin G on the in vitro and in vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation and on the platelet electrophoretic mobility has been studied. The in vitro investigations in presence of penicillin concentrations varying between 1,000 and 10,000 IU/ml of plasma, and doses of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) between 0.3 and 25/muM/ml, have shown that the photometric aggregation, as well as the screen filtration pressure are both decreased, according to the doses of antibiotic and ADP. The electrophoretic mobility is also impaired. The in vivo study of 8 patients submitted to massive penicillin therapy for bacterial endocarditis seems to be in agreement with the in vitro results, and has shown a prolonged bleeding time, an hypoadhesiveness, an impaired photometric aggregation with an early disa-gregation and a decrease of the screen filtration pressure and platelet electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 808072 TI - Futher investigations of the gamma-chaina in a ghanaian adult, homozygous for hereditary perisitence of fetal haemoglobin. Isolation of gamma CB-3 peptides and Ggamma:Agamma ratio determination in human Hb E. AB - The gamma-chain in a Ghanain homozygous for hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin was considered to be of the Ggamma type on the basis of the amino acid analysis of gammaTp XIV (gamma133-144) of the Hb F of this subject [1]. Recently, the sequence of residues gamma134-137 of the gamma-chain of this subject was determined and found to contain some alanine at position gamma136. It is therefore of the Ggamma + Agamma type. A rapid technique for the isolation of gammaCB-3 (gamma134-146) peptides in human fetal haemoglobin for Ggamma:Agamma ratio determination is described. PMID- 808074 TI - Erythroblastic islands and ineffective erythropoiesis in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - The erythropoietic part of the bone marrow has been morphologically analysed in 34 untreated, anaemic patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and in 17 healthy controls. In the patients with leukaemia the percentage of basophilic erythroblasts was abnormally high and elevated mitotic indices of the erythroblasts were recorded. The accumulation of basophilic erythroblasts and a high frequency of megaloblastoid changes of the cells may indicate ineffective erythropoiesis. A threefold increase of "erythroblastic islands", i.e. erythroblasts in contact with reticulum cells were recorded in the patients with erythroleukaemia and a twofold increase in the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. The erythroblastic islands may indicate phagocytosis of defective erythroblasts and an intramedullary haemolysis may thus contribute to the development of anaemia. PMID- 808073 TI - Bone marrow appearances in reticulum cell sarcoma. AB - 18 patients with malignant lymphoma "histiocytic type" were investigated for the bone marrow involvement. Bone marrow aspirates and needle biopsies were used. Smears and sections of the aspirates were examined. The findings in the sections of both aspirates and biopsies were complementary and far more valuable than the bone marrow smears alone. It is concluded that bone marrow examination is helpful in determining the spread of the disease and should be repeated during the course of lymphoma. PMID- 808076 TI - Detection of carriers of haemophilia A. AB - In a series of 18 known and 14 possible carriers of haemophilia A the factor VIII related antigen was assayed. Comparison of results with the biological activity of factor VIII detected correctly 17 of 18 known carriers. On the other hand the carrier state was detected in 8 of 14 possible carriers. The results are similar to those of other investigators. PMID- 808075 TI - Defect of bone marrow granulocyte reserve in viral hepatitis. AB - In patients with HBAg-positive and HBAg-negative viral hepatitis the etiocholanolone test showed a decrease of the bone marrow granulocyte reserve at the height and, though at a lower degree, at the end of the disease. These results are discussed in relation with the incidence of aplastic anemia following viral hepatitis. PMID- 808077 TI - Human platelet aggregation by mixed cryoglobulins. AB - Glomerulonephritis in idiopatic mixed cryoglobulinemia represents perhaps a glomerular damage by immune complexes. In this study, a sigmoidal-like curve was obtained after addition of 13 different mixed cryoglobulins to both autologous and isologous platelet-rich plasma, tested in platelet aggregometer. The lag phase of the curve corresponds to platelet phagocytosis of cryoglobulin-binding ferritin, as shown in electron microscopy and the optical density decrease phase corresponds to the aggregation of platelets that shows the same ultrastructural characteristics of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. This platelet aggregation is inhibited by different drugs. Intraglomerular platelet aggregation by cryoglobulins might play a key role in determining the glomerular damage in cryoglobulinemia by the release of nucleotides and vasoactive amines. PMID- 808079 TI - Hb Camden and Hb Hope found during routine testing. AB - The electrophoretically fast-moving hemoglobin variant Hb Camden [beta131 (H9) gln leads to glu] has been found in a middle-aged female suffering from pulmonary disease, and Hb Hope [beta136 (H14) gly leads to asp] which migrates just ahead and very close to Hb A was present in a young obstetrical patient with a mild hemolytic anemia. PMID- 808078 TI - Influence of cytotoxic drugs on platelet functions in vitro. III. Peptichemio. AB - The influence of Peptichemio (m-dichloroethyl-amino-l-phenyl-alanyl-peptide complex) on the following platelet functions was studied: aggregation, release of platelet factor 4, availability of platelet factor 3, acid phosphatases and reptilase clot retraction. Concentrations of the drug corresponding to that found in plasma of treated patients did not significantly influence platelet functions. Concentrations 10 times higher brought about an inhibition. It is concluded that after current dosage of Peptichemio, bleeding disorders caused by impairement of platelet functions are improbable. PMID- 808080 TI - Marker chromosome in myeloproliferative syndrome. AB - Chromosomal aberrations in a case of atypic myeloproliferative syndrome are reported. The analysis was carried out on short-term cultures of sternal bone marrow with the ASG and fluorescence method. 90% of the metaphases studied showed pseudoliploidy: one of the chromosomes 12 was missing and one submedian marker chromosome of medium size and atypical morphology appeared. PMID- 808081 TI - [Comparison of diagnostic values of immunoelectrophoresis and other methods of determination of the class and type of M protein]. AB - Comparative analysis of immunoelectrophoresis (IEF) and several other laboratory methods used in the diagnosis of protein M showed that IEF is a method of choice in the immunological characterization of this protein, with the exception of IgM macroglobulin where the interpretation of the heavy chain and particularly of the light chain give better results in dilution immunodiffusion or immunochromatography. When the results are uncertain the simplest additional method to IEF seems to be dilution immunodiffusion and the best method is isolation of the observed protein by column chromatography and repeated determination of purified protein by IEF. With all these methods the lambda type of protein M is more difficult to determine than the kappa type. PMID- 808082 TI - A trial of disodium cromoglycate in perennial rhinitis. AB - In this investigation, a double-blind, cross-over trial of sodium cromoglycate in 23 patients with perennial rhinitis was carried out. An improvement in symptoms was found in actively-treated patients, and a greater preference was expressed for active treatment. There was no relationship between response to sodium cromoglycate and the results of allergological investigation. It is conclcuded that therapeutic trial of sodium cromoglycate is worth considering in patients with perennial rhinitis, irrespective of the results of RAST and intracutaneous skin tests. PMID- 808083 TI - An open assessment of lomudal (disodium cromoglycate) (2 per cent) nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - The effect of Disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal, Intal) on allergic rhinitis, given as a solution in a nasal spray, was studied in 23 adult volunteers with grass pollen allergy, none of whom were having hyposensitization therapy. The trial was carried out as an open assessment during the months of June and July, 1972. Two squirts (1.6 mg D.S.C.G.) from the nasal spray were applied to each nostril every 3 h throughout the day. In 80 per cent of subjects the treatment was successful. No side effects were noted, but five patients expressed a preference for a preparation that could be administered at less frequent intervals. PMID- 808084 TI - Enzyme patterns and protein absorption in rat colon during development. AB - Four enzymes were studied in the rat colon during perinatal development, namely, carbonic anhydrase, beta-D-galactosidase, and alkaline and acid pphosphatase. Quantitative analyses of tissue extracts revealed a peak in carbonic anhydrase activity 10 days after birth and histochemically most of the enzyme was found at the surface of the colonic mucosa. A similar localization was found for beta-D galactosidase, which displayed a peak of activity in the 1-day-old rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity reached its maximum 5 days after birth, and by electron microscopical histochemistry this enzyme was traced to the microvillous border, supranuclear vesicles and tubules, meconium bodies and the lateral surfaces of the principal cells. Acid hosphatase activity was also found in the microvillous border, in the supranuclear vacuoles and meconium bodies and in the Golgi apparatus. In the infant rat colon all these enzymes had higher activities and sometimes a different localization than in the adult rat, which indicates functional differences between the young and the adult animals. An example is the absorption of proteins. Peroxidase and insulin, given as enemas, were absorbed in the infant rat colon, but this capacity was much reduced after weaning. PMID- 808085 TI - Norrie's disease--differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - A report on six children with Norrie's disease is presented. It is shown that the diagnosis can be established in sporadic cases if the early retrolental opacities are seen, and dementia or psychosis occurs after a normal infancy. Hearing loss is an important diagnostic sign. Children with Norrie's disease are more sensitive to disruption of family relationship than most other congenitally blind children. PMID- 808086 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis by analysis of albumin in meconium. AB - A clinical study of the albumin content in meconium was performed on two categories of newborn infants: a screening series of 8,830 infants and a high risk group for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) of 70 infants. A single radial immunodiffusion technique and test strips were used. Three CF infants were detected in the screening series (1:3,000) and 16 in the high-risk group. The diagnostic accuracy for CF was fairly good. The specificity was 99.8% for the immunodiffusion technique and 99.2% for test strips. A high concentration of albumin in meconium was found not only in CF but also in preterm babies and infants with gastrointestinal disturbances, such as atresias, malaena neonatorum and malabsorption syndromes. The sensitivity was 90% for the immunodiffusion technique and 78% for the test strip. False-negative results were probably due to proteolytic activity and might be avoided if the samples are stored at a low temperature before analysis. CF screening of all meconiums by the use of test strips followed by analysis of positive tests by the immunodiffusion technique is suggested. PMID- 808087 TI - Utilization of fat emulsion during total parenteral nutrition in children. AB - Tolerance for Intralipid fat emulsion during total parenteral nutrition (PN) was studied in 6 children. The Intralipid dose was monitored by the daily determination of plasma Intralipid levels. Fat removal was investigated at the start of and during the PN period by the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) and by determining the plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. When the plasma Intralipid levels exceeded a value of 100 mg/100 ml, hyper pre-beta lipoproteinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperphospholipidaemia appeared. During PN most patients showed marked increases of postheparin LPL. Return to normal values occurred after discontinuation of PN. Maximal LPL activities were found to correlate significantly with total daily caloric intake (r=0.95, 0.05 less than p less than 0.01). The Intralipid elimination constant hardly changed during PN, with the exception of patient 6, who showed a marked increase (from 7 to 22%). Conclusions of this study are as follows: First a high caloric intake during PN leads to a marked increase of postheparin LPL activity. Second, by monitoring plasma Intralipid levels at 100 mg/100 ml approximately, it is possible to adjust the Intralipid dose in order to prevent hyperlipaemia and to take maximal benefit from rising fat tolerance. Thirdly the IVFTT appeared to be of little value to estimate the child's fat elimination capacity. PMID- 808089 TI - Serum levels of penicillin v after oral administration of pediatric preparations to healthy subjects. AB - The bioavailability of nine commercial pediatric preparations of penicillin V was tested in a double-blind, cross-over fashion on ten healthy student nurses who were given 1 mill I.U. of the various preparations. The serum concentrations were determined using the paper disc method of "AB Biodisc" Sweden. The preparations could be divided into two different groups: (1) the mixtures (2) the effervescent tablets, substance for drops and granulate. This classification is based upon the mean peak serum levels obtained. With one exception the peak serum levels in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. 2,4 and 6 hours after ingestion there were no differences in the serum levels, indicating that none of the preparations gave sustained high serum levels. The results presented indicate that the preparations in group 2 should be preferred. PMID- 808088 TI - Phosphorus depletion in children on long-term total parenteral nutrition. AB - The retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was studied in nine infants on total parenteral nutrition. The amounts of calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus were varied singly or simultaneously. The results demonstrate close interrelationships in the retention of these three elements. Not only the absolute amount of phosphorus perfused daily but also the amounts of nitrogen and/or calcium perfused simultaneously account for the phosphorus depletion that may lead to severe hypophosphatemia. The decrease in serum phosphorus concentration with a simultaneous fall of urinary phosphorus excretion to undetectable levels and a rise in urinary calcium output to 10 mg/kg/24 hours or more are warning symptoms of phosphorus depletion. Such a complication was observed in our first seven children on total parenteral nutrition. Phosphorus depletion can be prevented by using the following amounts of these elements in the perfusate: per 100 Kcal/kg/24 hours, 400 mg/kg/24 hours of nitrogen, 35 mg/kg/24 hours of calcium and 40 mg/kg/24 hours of phosphorus. With such a technique no phosphorus depletion was observed in any of the 63 subsequent patients whom we treated with total parenteral nutrition for periods varying from 20 days to 9 months. PMID- 808090 TI - Chymotryptic activity in stool of low birth weight infants in the first week of life. AB - Pancreatic enzyme activity in low birth weight (LBW) infants during the first postnatal week has been evaluated by analysing the chymotrypsin content of 198 stool specimens from 42 LBW infants with birth weights ranging between 750 and 2570 g. A wide variation in chymotryptic activity yet with a tendency to initially low values with a peak on the third day after birth was found. Small for-gestational age (SGA) infants had significantly lower values than appropriate for-gestational age (AGA) infants. This is considered due to intra-uterine malnutrition with secondary pancreatic dysfunction in SGA infants. In screening program for cystic fibrosis or other defects of exocrine pancreatic activity, low stool chymotrypsin values cannot be considered pathological until after the fourth day of life. PMID- 808091 TI - Antithrombin in infancy and childhood. AB - Antithrombin III was measured immunologically, and antithrombin activity was measured with aid of a new synthetic tripeptide substrate for serine proteases in plasma of healthy infants and children, 0-14 years of age. Both methods gave decreased values in the youngest infants as compared with adults. The antithrombin increased with age and reached adult values about 6 months of age. In infants up to one month of age, antithrombin III measured immunologically was significantly lower than antithrombin activity, whereas there was no difference between the antithrombin methods in the higher ages. Antithrombin III concentration and antithrombin activity as measured were poorly correlated. PMID- 808092 TI - Experimental male genital tuberculosis-appraisal of protective value of BCG vaccination. AB - As part of an experimental study of the spread of urogenital tuberculosis, the development of tuberculous infection was compared in vaccinated and non vaccinated guinea pigs after challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv into the seminal vesicle. The animals were saccrified 35 days after challenge. Morphological observations indicate that tuberculous infection in an immunized animal is retarded, but spreads by the same routes as in an nonimmunized animal. On microbial enumeration significantly lower numbers of organisms were recovered from the inoculated seminal vesicle and regional iliac lymph nodes of the BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. PMID- 808093 TI - Infection of Microtus arvalis (common vole) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. AB - The aim of the study has been to ascertain whether Microtus arvalis (common vole) is strongly susceptible to M. bovis but resistant to M. tuberculosis, as is the case with other members of the vole family, or whether it is susceptible to both species as demonstrated by Robert Koch. Groups of common voles have been injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with varying doses of finely dispersed suspensions of a virulent strain of M. bovis or M. tuberculosis. M. bovis multiplies strongly in the vole organism and a dose as small as 8 viable units provokes a progressive infection with rapid fatal outcome. Autopsy shows considerable processes at the site of injection and in the lymph glands. Tubercles are observed quite frequently in the lungs, bur seldom in the liver, spleen and kidneys. The organs contain a large number of tubercle bacilli, the caseous lymph glands enormous numbers. In contrast, the virulence of M. tuberculosis is low. None of the doses used, the highest being 6 x 10(6) viable units, provokes progressive infection in the animals injected subcutaneously and only in a few of those injected intraperitoneally. The macroscopical findings are inconsiderable, and it is characteristic of the M. tuberculosis infection that the lymph glands are seldom enlarged and have become caseous in exceptional cases only. The number of bacteria in the organs is small, except in the few animals in which the infection becomes progressive. The conclusion drawn from the experiment is that Microtus arvalis is susceptible to M. bovis but strongly resistant to M. tuberculosis, and in this respect resembles other members of the vole family examined hitherto. PMID- 808094 TI - Bacteraemia in red mice (Clethrionomys g. glareolus Schreb.) after intraperitoneal injection of large doses of tubercle bacilli. AB - Romer (1903) has demonstrated that white mice injected intraperitoneally with large doses of tubercle bacilli isolated from man survived longer than mice injected with tubercle bacilli isolated from cattle. The blood of the spontaneously dead animals contained large numbers of tubercle bacilli. In the present study, red mice are injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg doses of different species of mycobacteria, and the number of bacilli in the blood is estimated at various intervals within the first 24 hours after the inoculation. The number of bacteria is considerably higher in the blood of mice injected with M. bovis, but, in contrast to M. bovis, M. avium disappears rapidly from the blood stream. Supplementary experiments show that red mice injected with M. bovis have a shorter survival time than mice injected with M. tuberculosis, and that the bacteraemia induced by M. bovis into white mice is clearly less pronounced than in red mice. PMID- 808095 TI - Influence of osmotic pressure on transformable and non transformable variants of Neisseria meningitidis. 2. Growth and induction of autolysis. AB - The Neisseria meningitidis Strain M1 could grow in media made hypertonic with 0.7 M sucrose, but the growth rate was much reduced. The reduction was more pronounced in the competent (cp+) variant than in the incompetent (cp-) one. After exposure to increased osmotic pressure, growth was resumed after a pronounced lag which was regularly longer in the cp- variant. Cellular lysis took place during the lag. The lag could be shortened by the addition of MgCl2. N. meningitidis cells lysed slowly when suspended in various isotonic solutes, but rapid lysis was activated in exponential phase cells by exposure to hypotonic as well as to hypertonic conditions. This activation was more pronounced in the cp- variant than in the cp+ variant. In stationary phase cells there was very little activation of autolysis. The rate of autolysis was inhibited by MgCl2 and CaCl2 in low concentration. Osmotic fragility developed during autolysis in the presence of high concentrations of acetate or sucrose but not in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or phosphate. MgCl2 increased the osmotic stabilization caused by acetate or sucrose, whereas CaCl2 in low concentration abolished the stabilizing effect of these solutes. PMID- 808096 TI - Influence of osmotic pressure on transformable and non transformable variants of Neisseria meningitidis. 3. Fragility of the cell membranes. AB - Penicillin spheroplasts from competent (cp+) and incompetent (cp-) variants of Neisseria meningitidis Strain M1 were equally fragile as determined by the osmotic strength necessary for stabilization. Exponential phase cells adapted to growth under increased osmotic pressure and suspended in acetate or phosphate became osmotically fragile within 2-4 hour when stabilized by sucrose plus MgCl2. Spheroplasts were formed during the succeeding 6-12 hours. Cells that were not adapted to growth at high tonicity but exposed to the stabilizing fluid under conditions leading to plasmolysis, developed osmotic fragility more rapidly, but at the same time lysis of the membranes was activated. Under these conditions, membrane lysis occurred far more rapidly in the cp-variant than in the cp+ variant. Membrane lysis was inhibited by MgCl2 and enhanced by CaCl2 in low concentration. The findings support the notion that osmotic stress in N. meningitidis activates membrane lysis as well as cell wall lysis, and that both activations are far more pronounced in the cp- variant. But the relative protection of the cp+ variant cannot be due to higher tensile strength of the membranes. PMID- 808097 TI - Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 5. Subdivision by interative numerical analysis of isolates according to lysotypes. AB - A computer-based numerical approach to the allocation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriphage patterns has been presented. This rendered a usefule identification of similar phage types. The grouping had epidemiological relevance. Grouping of phage typing patterns of P. aeruginosa by numerical analysis showed that the patterns of related isolations may differ in one strong lysotype reaction, occasionally even in more reactions. Thus parallels previous findings which have been based on studies of the reproducibility of the method and evaluations of differences in epidemiologically related strains from the same sources. PMID- 808098 TI - Lincomycin in selective medium for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - For the isolation of gonococci, the selective culture medium containing colistin, vancomycin, nystatin and trimethoprim which is usually employed has been changed by substituting lincomycin for vancomycin. The best result was obtained if a concentration of 1/2 mug lincomycin/ml medium was used. This is a concentration of lincomycin considerably lower than that which by other investigators is considered most suitable for the purpose. However, the culture medium used by the latter did not contain trimethoprim. The use of 1/2 mug lincomycin/ml instead of vancomycin 3 mug/ml in the medium caused a slightly more pronounced growth of unwanted organisms. In spite of this, the results obtained by the medium containing lincomycin showed that the number of samples positive for gonococci was 7 per cent higher, and that the number of patients with gonococcal infections to be discovered was 4 per cent higher than the numbers obtained by the medium containing vancomycin. The results were considered highly favourable and, accordingly, by now our laboratory uses 1/2 mug lincomycin/ml medium in the routine isolation of gonococci. PMID- 808099 TI - The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. I. Comparison of thirteen O groups of Ps. aeruginosa, with a polyvalent Ps. aeruginosa antigen-antibody reference system. AB - Serologic cross-reactions between 26 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing 13 O groups were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. As reference system was used a polyvalent Ps. aeruginosa antigen and a corresponding rabbit antiserum. Fifty-one (93 per cent) of the 55 Ps. aeruginosa antigens in the reference system were present in all the strains and corresponding antibodies in the reference system could be completely absorbed by all the strains. Complete cross-reactivity was also found between antigens of the reference system and 3 of the 4 antigens present only in some of the strains. The last of the 4 antigens not present in all the strains could only absorb part of the corresponding antibodies in the reference system. Absorption experiments with whole heat-killed bacteria indicate that this antigen is related to the O group antigens of Ps. aeruginosa. None of the antigens of the reference system were related to the mucoid substance produced by some strains of this bacterium. PMID- 808100 TI - The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. II. Comparison of the antibody response in man against thirteen O groups of Ps. aeruginosa. AB - The occurrence of antibodies against antigens prepared from strains representing 13 O groups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against a polyvalent Ps. aeruginosa antigen (St-Ag) has been investigated in sera from 100 patients. By means of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel it was found that the humoral immune response against Ps. aeruginosa resulting in precipitating antibodies will be detected by St-Ag as well as by any other of the antigen samples investigated. Six of the sera contained group-specific antibodies which were revealed by only one of the antigen samples used and not by St-Ag. These six sera were further studied by means of various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods using St-Ag as well as antigens prepared from the infecting Ps. aeruginosa strain in the patient concerned. In all six sera, only one extra precipitin could be detected using antigens prepared from the homologous strain instead of St-Ag. This extra precipitin corresponded presumably to group-specific O-antigens not included in St-Ag. In sera from patients, these group-specific antibodies were always accompanied by antibodies against antigens common to all strains of Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 808101 TI - The use of protein A-containing staphylococci sensitized with anti-meningococcal antibodies for grouping Neisseria meningitidis and demonstration of meningococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The co-agglutination technique, utilizing antibody coated protein A-containing staphylococci, was successfully adapted to grouping N. meningitidis strains. It was found to give more clear-cut results than the standard slide test, especially in the case of strains isolated from throat specimens. The co-agglutination technique has also other advantages over the standard slide test in the grouping of meningococci: minor influence by auto-agglutination, higher specificity, easy performance and low consumption of specific antisera. Preliminary results also showed that the co-agglutination technique could be applied for the rapid detection of meningococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 808102 TI - Cerebral units activated by tactile stimuli via a ventral spinal pathway in monkeys. AB - Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made in the forelimb and/or hindlimb areas of the cerebral post-central gyri of 7 monkeys before and/or after acute dorsal hemisections of the cervical or low thoracic spinal cord. The animals were anaesthetized with either pentobarbitone sodium or chloralose. Among the units which were encountered after the lesions were 114 which could be influenced from the periphery. 38 units discharged to light tactile stimulation of small receptive fields and had a topographical organization like that observed in the intact animal. The remaining 76 units could be activated by peripheral electrical stimulation and/or by tapping, squeezing or light pinching. No units were found which specifically were activated by noxious stimuli. The two groups of cortical units responded with latencies only slightly longer than those obtained in the intact preparation. In the light of previous findings these electrophysiological data suggest that, unlike carnivora, primates may possess the ventral spinal somatosensory pathway traditionally postulated on the basis of neurological material. PMID- 808103 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in membrane fractions from the rabbit renal medulla. AB - In order to investigate the subcellular location of the prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme complex (prostaglandin synthetase) the distribution of this enzyme was analysed in membrane fractions from the rabbit renal medulla using an improved radioactive assay with arachidonic acid as a substrate. 3 membrane fractions were isolated and the subcellular origin of the membranes was determined by electron microscopy and by their contents of different marker enzymes. Fraction I was a plasma membrane fraction, fraction II was a cytomembrane fraction, mainly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and fraction III was a mitochondrial fraction. The specific activity of prostaglandin synthetase in the homogenate of rabbit renal medulla was 0-1 nmol arachidonic acid converted/min per mg protein. In fraction II, the cytomembrane fraction, the specific activity was increased 2-4 times over the homogenate, the plasma membrane fraction and the mitochondrial fraction having lower activities. The results suggest that prostaglandin synthetase is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of renal medullary cells. PMID- 808104 TI - Glucose-insulin treatment of lactic acidosis in phenformin-treated diabetics. AB - Four cases of lactic acidosis in phenformintreated diabetics are presented. Blood lactate before treatment was 5.7, 9.4, 10.7 and 17.8 mM/1, respectively. Treatment with glucose, insulin and bicarbonate resulted in correction of acidosis and hyperlactataemia. This therapy is recommended in phenformin-induced lactic acidosis. PMID- 808105 TI - Chronic alprenolol treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction after discharge from hospital. PMID- 808106 TI - Adenine nucleotide synthesis and growth rate of the adenyl succinate lyase mutant of Bacillus anthracis. AB - After mutations affecting the de novo adenine nucleotide synthesis in Bacillus anthracis, the salvage pathway failed to ensure growth at the prototroph level. In sonicated suspensions of adenyl succinate lyase deficient B. anthracis mutant, in the presence of exogenous 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), part of the labelled adenine was incorporated into adenine nucleotides. Addition of PRPP to cultures of adenyl succinate lyase and adenyl succinate synthetase mutants failed to promote growth. Both kinds of auxotroph showed in vitro a reduced growth rate as compared to the prototrophic strain. PMID- 808107 TI - Brain dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in vivo: pharmacological, endocrinological, and psychological implications for adaptation. PMID- 808108 TI - Partial purification and separation of multiple forms of cytochrome. P-450 and cytochrome P-448 from rat liver microsomes. AB - 1. Partial purification of liver microsomal cytochrome p-450 results in the separation of two forms of cytochrome p-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats and two forms of cytochrome p-44, from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. 2. Each of the four cytochrome fractions had different spectral properties (absolute spectra, CO differences spectra, and ethylisocyanide difference spectra). 3. The hemeprotein in fractions which elute from a DEAE-cellulose column at 100 mKM KCl fraction IV B) are more highly purified than the hemeproteins (fraction IV A) that elute in the column volume. 4. The more highly purified cytochrome fractions (IV B) contain 9-11 moles of cytochrome P-450 or P-448 per mg protein (an approximately 5-7 fold purification over microsomes) and are enzymatically active in the metabolism of a variety of substrates when combined with lipid and NADPH cytochrome c reductase. These hemeprotein fractions are free of cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and the hemeproteins are purified approximately 100 fold with respect to phospholipid. The cytochrome P-450 and P-448 are virtually free of epoxide hydrase. PMID- 808109 TI - Metabolic control of cytochrome P-450 cam. PMID- 808110 TI - Relationship between microsomal hydroxylase and glucuronyltransferase. AB - These experiments did not answer the question of whether one or several UDG glucuronyltransferases are present in endoplasmic membranes of the liver. However, they present results which indicate that the glucuronlytransferase (s) have several properties in common with the hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme system: the inducibility (which differs considerably after pretreatment with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene), the sex specificity, and the inhibition by the same compounds. The most obvious difference between the systems is the alteration of the enzyme activities after solubilization of the membranes by sonication or use of detergents.. On solubilization, the activity of the glucuronyltransferase (s) increases, whereas the opposite is true for the hydroxylating system which may lose one or several components essential for its activity (such as the NADPH dependent reductase). Our experiments can best be interpreted by assuming a common micro-environment around the enzymes produced by lipids and proteins which modulate both the rate of hydroxylation and that of glucuronyl-conjugation of drugs. PMID- 808111 TI - Immunochemical and functional similarities and differences among iron-sulfur proteins involved in mammalian steroidogenesis. AB - An antibody prepared against bovine adrenodoxin has been employed to study possible similarities or differences among the iron-sulfur protein components of electron transport sequences associated with cytochrome P-450 function in the mitochondria of mammalian steroidogenic tissues. Although they are not identical, the "adrenodoxins" in mitochondria from the adrenals of a number of species, including man, are both immunochemically and functionally similar. The ability of the antibody to inhibit adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage activities demonstrates the requirement for adrenodoxin in these mixed function oxidations. The results presented also demonstrate the immunochemical and functional similarities among the iron-sulfur proteins which are involved in the oxidative cleavage of the cholesterol side-chain occurring in adrenal, ovarian and testicular mitochondria. The iron-sulfur protein involved in cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in term placental mitochondria, however, appears to be immunochemically different from these other proteins. PMID- 808112 TI - Glomerular filtration rate in sick elderly inpatients. AB - The glomerular filtration rate was measured in the sick elderly patients using the single shot 51Cr EDTA method. As would be expected, such patients have worse renal function than the fit elderly. The filtration rate can be usefully predicted from either blood urea or serum creatinine, but a superior prediction is obtained when these factors are combined using a formula derived from multiple regression analysis. PMID- 808113 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in Hurler's syndrome. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was investigated in 3 brothers with Hurler's syndrome (Gargoylism). The response to infectious antigens and PHA stimulation and sensitization to DNCB was considered normal in two patients. DNCB sensitization occurred after 18 days in the oldest brother (16 years old) and only 25 days in the second brother (5 years old). The youngest brother, 2 years old, showed a normal response to PHA stimulation, a weak cutaneous reaction only to oidiomycin was found and the DNCB sensitization was not obtained. The possibility of a retarded and partial defect in the immune mechanism in patients with Hurler's syndrome during the first years of life is discussed. PMID- 808114 TI - Clinical uses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Knowledge about the physiology of the endocrine glands has been expanded in the past several years. It now appears that the secretion of the various pituitary hormones is conditioned by specific releasing hormones secreted in the hypothalamus. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone conditions the pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone when the serum thyroid hormone concentration falls below a certain level. A radioimmunoassay for TSH helps the physician to distinguish the different etiologies of hypothyroidism, to confirm the diagnosis of "euthyroid" Graves' disease and to evaluate pituitary function. PMID- 808116 TI - Multiple myeloma and macrogammaglobulinemia. I. Urinary protein excretions and serum interrelationships. AB - Protein studies measuring selected serum and urinary biopolymers, representing activities of different organ systems, e.g., IgG, IgA, and C'3 complement (reticuloendothelial system), and albumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, and alpha 2 macroglobulin (liver) are compared and discussed. Mean normal excretions were 2.91 mg. per 24 hr. for IgG, 2.00 mg. per 24 hr. for IgA, and 20.39 mg. per 24 hr. for albumin. Renal function was estimated using creatinine clearance. The data suggest that concentration variations in certain of the proteins of the plasma pool are related to altered renal function. Such differences strayed below the normal but little, yet significant quantities of these proteins were found in urine. The identification and quantitation of abnormal urinary protein components in urine of patients who have myelomatosis and macrogammaglobulinemia may eventually be useful in medical management. PMID- 808117 TI - Zeta sedimentation ratio (ZSR), a replacement for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). AB - The zeta sedimentation ratio (ZRS) was evaluated and found to have advantages over the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The normal range for the ZSR proved to be 41 to 54%. Elevated ESR's obtained with the modified Westergren technic were also associated with an increased ZSR, except when amenia spuriously elevated the ESR. Reproducibility after storage was slightly better for the ZSR than for the ESR, But for optimal results the test should be performed within two hours of phlebotomy. Increased concentrations od EDTA anticoagulant may falsely elevate the ZSR, especially if the ZSR is initially elevated. PMID- 808115 TI - Clinical evaluation of perhexiline maleate in the treatment of patients with chronic coronary insufficiency. PMID- 808118 TI - Kwashiorkor. PMID- 808119 TI - Kwashiorkor in Cleveland. AB - Kwashiorkor is uncommon in the United States. Two cases of kwashiorkor were encountered in Cleveland in a short period of time. Both infants had edema, growth failure, irritability, skin and hair changes, and anemia. In each case a major abnormality of feeding had been neither recognized nor corrected during contact with medical personnel. The children did not have milk allergy and both were fed in the hospital without major difficulty, all symptoms resolving with adequate calorie, protein, vitamin, and iron intake. The importance of complete feeding histories is emphasized since such gross protein-calorie malnutrition and its sequelae are preventable. PMID- 808120 TI - Neonatal dystrophia myotonica. Electrophysiologic studies. AB - The diagnosis of dystrophia myotonica was established in a boy 3 hours old, and confirmed by family study and electromyography (EMG) at 5 days. Clinical features included hypotonia, facial diparesis, "tented" upper lip, and arthrogryposis of both knees. Percussion myotonia was elicited. The EMG disclosed characteristic bursts of electrical activity that waxed and waned on muscle percussion or needle movement. The EMG may be valuable in supporting the diagnosis of dystrophia myotonica in neonates suspected of having the disease. PMID- 808121 TI - Clinical and hormonal aspects of pancreatic diabetes. AB - The prevalence of diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis would appear to be increasing. In western countries this is associated with the known increase in alcohol consumption and AIP. Malnutrition may be etiologic in tropical areas. The incidence of diabetes in chronic pancreatitis is dependent on a number of factors. It is more common in alcohol-induced pancreatitis, rarely occurs after the first attack but tends to increase with time and rises markedly in calcific pancreatitis. Abnormal glucose tolerance occurred in 91% of patients with calcific pancreatitis and 70% of patients with noncalific AIP in our follow up of five to 12 years. This stresses the importance of serial regular glucose tolerance tests in these patients (Table I). The insulin-reserve is severely depleted in most patients who do not yet demonstrate abnormal glucose tolerance, indicating that pancreatitis regularly affects the islets and that nearly all patients are potential diabetics. The beta cells appear to respond better to oral glucose, glucagon or secretin than to i.v. glucose suggesting a selective glucose receptor loss or block to hyperglycemia in chronic pancreatitis. The alpha cells seem to be more resistant to the effects of chronic pancreatitis but true hypoglucagonemia was found in 16% of patients. In addition, stimulated growth hormone secretion may be deficient in pancreatic diabetes. These last two factors, among others, may be responsible for the protracted and even fatal hypoglycemia to which some patients with AIP on insulin therapy are liable. The danger of drug-induced hypoglycemia, coupled with the infrequency of vasculopathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in pancreatic diabetes has induced us to keep these patients hyperglycemic and glycosuric rather than in a sugar-free state, as long as symptoms are contained. Recurrent abdominal pain, marked weight loss and associated steatorrhea often raise special problems in the management of the pancreatic diabetic. PMID- 808122 TI - The radiology corner: the small bowel in immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes. AB - Recent advances in immunology have permitted recognition of a group of patients who have gastrointestinal manifestations as part of an immunoglobulin deficency syndrome. Such immunoglobulin deficiency may be primary or may be secondary to a variety of diseases. We have classified and described the small bowel roentgen features associated with the various immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes as follows: 1. the sprue pattern, as seen in hypogammaglobulinemic sprue and in Ig-A deficient sprue; 2. multiple nodular defects; 3. inflammatory changes secondary to giardiasis, associated with immune deficiency diseases; 4. thickening of the small intestinal folds, as seen in the plasma cell dyscrasias, lymphoma, intestinal lymphangiectasia and amyloidosis. PMID- 808123 TI - Skin infections and the epidemiology of diphtheria: acquisition and persistence of C diphtheriae infections. AB - Acquisition and persistence of C. diphtheriae infections of skin lesions and of the respiratory tract were observed in households exposed to C. diphtheriae carriers in a community experiencing a diphtheria outbreak and in households in two communities free of the disease. Acquisition of C. diphtheriae was more frequent in epidemic households, apparently due to a greater frequency of respiratory tract acquisition. Skin lesion acquisition was constant in both situations. The pattern of persistence appeared to be the same in both types of households, although skin lesion C. diphtheriae infections had a greater tendency to persist than respiratory tract infections. Acquisition occurred more frequently following exposure to a skin lesion C. diphtheriae carrier than following a respiratory carrier exposure. PMID- 808124 TI - Gammaglobulin groups of the Khoisan peoples of Southern Africa: evidence for polymorphism for a Gm1,5,13,14,21 haplotype among the San. AB - The Gm and Inv types were determined for eight San (Bushman) populations, two Khoikhoi (Hottentot) populations, one Coloured population, 112 San families in which the genotypes of the parents could be unambiguously determined, and for 65 San families in which the genotype of one or both parents could not be determined with certainty. The population and family data establish that the haplotype array of the San is composed of Gm1,21, Gm1,13, Gm1,5,13,14, and Gm1,5,13,14,21; Gm1,5,6 and Gm1,5,6,14 are also present but may have been acquired through admixture with Negroes. The Gm1,5,13,14,21 haplotype has not been found to be polymorphic in any other population. The haplotype array of the Khoikhoi is composed of Gm1,2,21, Gm1,13, and Gm1,5,13,14; Gm1,5,6 and Gm1,5,6,14 are also present but, as in the case of the San, may be due to admixture. The San and Khoikhoi differ from each other in that the former have the Gm1,21 and Gm1,5,13,14,21 haplotypes not present in the latter, and the Khoikhoi have the Gm1,2,21 haplotype not present in the San. These three haplotypes and Gm1,13 serve to distinguish the Khoisan people from other African peoples. PMID- 808125 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with gold therapy. Observations on the mechanism of platelet destruction. AB - Severe thrombocytopenia developed in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during gold therapy. Increased numbers of marrow megakaryocytes, shortened 51Cr-labeled platelet survival and platelet phagocytosis by splenic macrophages indicated that thrombocytopenia was due to excessive platelet destruction. Aurothiomalate disodium antigenicity was demonstrated by increased lymphocyte blastogenesis, and accentuation of blood and splenic leukocyte migration in the presence of the gold salt. In vitro splenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) production was markedly increased, and a significant portion of the culture-produced IgG attached specifically to homologous platelets and platelet membranes. Serum antiplatelet antibodies could not be demonstrated, nor could it be shown that gold enhanced the binding of splenic-synthesized IgG to platelets. The data indicate an immunologic mechanism for gold-associated thrombocytopenia and permit speculation as to possible ways in which unidentified antigens may be involved in the pathogenesis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 808126 TI - The prophylactic use of Keflex and Keflin in vaginal hysterectomy. AB - Although the number of severe infections occurring after vaginal hysterectomy are few,they sometimes result in the death of a patient or a protracted hospital course. A prospective double-blind study, using Keflex and Keflin in theraputic doses,was undertaken to elucidate more clearly the effect upon morbidity in vaginal hysterectomy. Cultures were taken form a catheterized urine specimen and the cervix of all patients before surgery. Cultures were repeated on the fourth postoperative day. Morbidity was defined as an oral temperature of 100.6 degrees F. on two separate occasions, 4hours apart in the postoperative period. Of the 60 patients studied thus far, 43.3 percent of the 30 placebo patients exceeded these febrile limits and were determined as thosewith infectious morbidity. Only 13.3 of the 30 patients who received the prophalatic drug showed this morbidity. PMID- 808127 TI - Immunologic aspects of term pregnancy toxemia. A study of immunoglobins and complement. AB - IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured by the single radial immunodiffusion method in umbilical cord and maternal sera in toxemia patients and in normal term pregnant cases. Complement (C' 3) levels were determined only in maternal sera. Quantitation of IgA, IgG, and IgM was performed in concentrated serial urine samples from three eclamptic and three normal control patients. Results show that there are lower IgG and IgM levels in the sera of mothers with toxemia of pregnancy; however, paradoxically higher IgM levels were detected in cord sera from their newborn infants without evidence of placental leakage or increased neonatal infection. The finding of the low IgG and IgM levels appears to be due in part to immunoglobin loss into the urine. The unchanged complement levels in toxemia, in this study, are not suggestive of an active immunologic process, but the high IgM in the newborn infants of toxemic mothers is unexplained and may represent active immunologic disease. Clearly, investigations of tissue binding and the formation of immunoglobin complexes should be carried out to better explain these abnormal findings. PMID- 808128 TI - A comparison between the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of Gluck and other phospholipid values of amniotic fluid. AB - We have found the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of Gluck (L/S ratio) to be very useful for predicting respiratory distress. It correlated reasonably well with three other phospholipid values: the total lecithin content, the acetone insoluble lecithin content, and the total lecithin/total phospholipids ratio. When the L/S ratio of amniotic fluid was greater than 2.0 there was no respiratory distress, even if the other phospholipid values indicated that the fetal lungs were still immature. PMID- 808129 TI - Effect of a copper-containing intrauterine contraceptive device on Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vitro. PMID- 808130 TI - Identification of Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 808131 TI - Pigment epithelium proliferation in retinal detachment (massive periretinal proliferation). AB - Cell proliferation and membrane formation found in the posterior parts of the eye after production of retinal detachment in owl monkey eyes had either the characteristics of macrophages or of membrane-forming epithelial cells. The proliferating cells originated from pigment epithelium. These membranes caused folding of the retina and strand formation in the vitreous cavity. Since cell proliferation was present on all available surfaces, such as the upper and under surface of the retina, and along vitreous surfaces, we propose to call this entity "massive periretinal proliferation" (MPP). PMID- 808132 TI - Proliferation and metaplasia of intravitreal retinal pigment epithelium cell autotransplants. AB - Pigment epithelium cells autotransplanted into the vitreous cavity of owl monkey eyes, proliferated and metaplased. The metaplastic cells looked like pigmented macrophages, membrane forming fibrocyte-like cells, and frank epithelium cells. This in vivo experiment demonstrated that the vitreous cavity is an adequate culture medium for cells deriving from the pigment epithelium and that pigment epithelium cells could be the source of intraocular proliferation seen in massive periretinal proliferation. PMID- 808133 TI - Editorial: The FDA and ophthalmic therapeutics. PMID- 808134 TI - Letter: Pressure gradient changes. PMID- 808135 TI - The structure of mononuclear phagocytes differentiating in vivo. II. The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The development and resolution of granulomas induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis were sequentially traced by correlated light and electron microscopy. The scattered, immature monocytes initially composing the lesions evolved by orderly steps into coalescent, well developed macrophages and ultimately into swirling nests of highly complex epithelioid cells. These ultrastructural changes represent differentiation in vivo of the mononuclear phagocytes. The number of mycobacteria present than waned markedly, and the epithelioid granulomas developed into foreign body granulomas and finally into simple chronic inflammation. Concmonitantly, the epithelioid cells evolved into macrophages and ultimately into immature, monocyte-like forms. These observations suggest that the development of a granuloma represents differntiation in vivo of the constituent mononuclear phagocytes in response to an evoking stimulus. From comparisons with previous studies, mononuclear differentiation in vivo appears to have a fixed pattern and a markedly alterable pace. The observations also suggest a previously undescribed fate for mononuclear phagocytes in developing granulomas. As the granuloma-evoking agent is destroyed, the highly differentiated mononuclear phagocytes change into less mature forms. PMID- 808136 TI - The immunology of experimental Chagas' disease. IV. Production of lesions in rabbits similar to those of chronic Chagas' disease in man. AB - Eight rabbits that received a single inoculation of trypomastigotes of a virulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi first developed a transient acute illness associated with parasitemia; later, 4 of these rabbits died with chronic myocarditis and/or with megacolon in the absence of demonstrable parasitemia or encysted parasites in tissues. Two of these rabbits with chronic myocarditis died unexpectedly. Three of the inoculated rabbits that survived the infection were sacrificed 18 months later and showed similar but less severe microscopic lesions. The remaining rabbit is alive and well at the time of writing (26 months) with negative blood cultures but high hemagglutinating antibody titers to T. cruzi antigens. The natural course of T. cruzi infection in rabbits and the lesions observed postmortem are similar to those recorded for humans with chronic Chagas' disease. Multiple injections of particulate subcellular antigens of T. cruzi in rabbits resulted in microscopic lesions similar to those observed in rabbits that survived protozoan infection. Sera of rabbits inoculated with T. cruzi have antibodies to striated and smooth muscle structures. However, evidence provided in this and in other experiments strongly suggest that the lesions of chronic Chagas' disease are produced by delayed hypersensitivity to T. cruzi antigens. PMID- 808137 TI - The influence of arboviral infection on the susceptibility of cultured cells to immune injury in vitro. AB - The susceptibility of LLC-MK2 monkey kidney cells to antivirus (antibodies versus viral antigens in the plasma membrane) and anticell (antibodies versus plasma membrane antigens) immune cytolysis in vitro was observed during the course of 100 continuous subcultures of these cells. In that period, LLC-MK2 cells infected with the Group B arboviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue 2 virus, became progressively refractory to the complement-dependent antivirus immune cytolysis as measured by 51-Cr release. In addition, the LLC-MK2 cells themselves exhibited a decreasing susceptibility to immune lysis with anticell anti-body. In contrast, during the same period, similar immune cytolysis experiments with the Group A arboviruses, Sindbis virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus, remained constant. It was observed that arboviral infection of lytic refractory LLC-MK2 cells restored their susceptability to immune cytolysis with anticell antibodies. The kinetics of this restoration were unique for both Group A and B arboviruses and exhibited a constant relationship to the viral growth curve. It was concluded that the above findings could be explained on the basis of differential membrane antigenic density coupled with changes in the properties of the plasma membrane on which subculture and arboviral infection had antagonistic effects. PMID- 808138 TI - Anthropological studies among Libyans. Erythrocyte genetic factors, serum haptoglobin phenotypes and anthropometry. AB - Anthropological studies were done on 1276 Libyans from the Mediterranean cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, and from Sabha southward in The Sahara. The incidences of hemoglobin (Hb)-S and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency were low in the coastal areas and significantly high in Sabha. Hb-C occurred sporadically in Tripoli and Sabha, and was absent from Benghazi in the east. One case of Hb-J Benghazi was noted. There were no sigificant differences in the ABO blood group and Rh0 (D) type distributions in the three localities. G-6-PD gene GdAfrequency was significantly high in Sabha. The lowest value of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) gene PGDA frequency and highest value of the gene PGDC were in Sabha. Adenylate kinase (AK) gene AK2 was only detectable in Tripoli. Acid phosphatase (AP) gene Pa frequency in Sabha was more than twice that in Tripoli and Benghazi, while pc was distinctly lower in Sabha than in the northern cities. Haptoglobin gene Hp1 frequency was almost identical in all areas. Anthropometric measurements revealed overall homogeneity of the three samples, closer similarity in the coastal region to adjacent North African populations, and Negroid influence in the Sahara Libyans. Anthropometry substantiated findings from blood markers. PMID- 808139 TI - Cephalometric roentgenography for nonhuman primates utilizing a surgically implanted head positioner. AB - Cephalometric roentgenography in nonhuman primates requires more precise head positioning than that afforded by commonly used ear rod techniques. A standard cephalometric headholder was therefore modified and a technique was developed to implant an attachment that permit precise positioning of the head in all three planes of spce. This method has been used in 36 animals, and at 35 months postsurgery the implants have remained stable and tissue compatiblity is generally excellent. Roentgenograms obtained with this technique offer a high degree of accuracy in documenting growth changes and response to orthodontic treatment. PMID- 808140 TI - The ischium and hip extensor mechanism in human evolution. AB - Although it is commonly stated that the ischia of the late Pliocence-early Pleistocene hominid fossils are long and ape-like, new interpretations show this view to be falacious. An important new theory proposed by Robinson concludes that the gracile form of early hominid was an efficient biped, but the robust form was a less efficient biped and was adapted for tree climbing. Interpretation of the ischium is crucial to this idea. The present study shows that (1) the gracile and robust australopithecine ischia had similar relative lenths and (2) that the hamstring mechanism was probably very similar in the two forms of South African early hominid. PMID- 808141 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in schizophrenia. AB - Oral administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) caused deterioration in the clinical status of seven out of nine schizophrenic men. This change was particularly apparent in the four patients diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenics. Such changes might be expected from a drug with properties similar to amphetamine. PMID- 808142 TI - Immunization of man against falciparum and vivax malaria by use of attenuated sporozoites. AB - With strict adherence to ethical guidelines, a volunteer was immunized against sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, the antigen consisting of attenuated sporozoites of each species inoculated through bites of mosquitoes X irradiated at a minimum dosage of 15,000 rads. On one occasion this dosage did not render all P. vivax sporozoites noninfective. Species specificity of antigen and antibody was demonstrated, but within each species a wide geographical diversity of strains proved interchangeably antigenic and susceptible to the antibody. Once immunized, the volunteer was protected for not more than 3 months and 6 months, respectively, from infective P. falciparum and P. vivax sporozoites, the duration of protection being reflected by a positive species specific circumsporozoite reaction. Studies in this volunteer, and in two others immunized with P. falciparum sporozoites, did not reveal any increase in serum levels of immunoglobulins G and M. PMID- 808143 TI - Tuberculin and histoplasmin sensitivity in six solomon islands populations. AB - Skin testing with antigens from Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-S), and atypical mycobacteria (PPD-B, PPD-G, PPD-Y, and PPD platy) was carried out among six population groups in the Solomon Islands between 1968 and 1972. There was no positive reaction to histoplasmin among any of the groups, suggesting that histoplasmosis is not endemic in the Solomon Islands. There were significant numbers of tuberculin reactors among each group. Largest mean reactions to PPD-S were present among the Lau and Ulawa, in whom reactions to PPD-S were larger than those to any other antigen tested. Thus significant infection with M. tuberculosis appears to occur in these populations. This was corroborated by radiologic survey. Among the Lau, large reactions to PPD-G and PPD-Y were also elicited, raising the possibility of multiple infection. Among the Aita, Baegu, Nagovisi, and Ontong Java, PPD-G elicited the largest reactions. PPD-G produced the second largest reactions among the Lau and Ulawa. PPD-S elicited the largest or second largest reaction among 4 of the 6 groups. A notable exception was the Aita, in whom PPD-S elicited the smallest mean reaction. The Aita also had the lowest prevalence of radiologic findings consistent with tuberculosis. These observations suggest that M. tuberculosis has been introduced into the Solomon Islands from outside sources, a hypothesis which may explain the variability in prevalence of tuberculosis-like disease demonstrated by chest film among the six groups. Genetic differences may also play a role in this variability. The study also demonstrated a high prevalence of "baseline" sensitivity to the atypical mycobacteria among the Solomon Islanders. This sensitivity may confer some immunity to infection with M; tuberculosis, but this protection is far from complete. PMID- 808144 TI - A rapid slide flocculation test for the diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis using Trypanosoma cruzi fragments preserved by lyophilization. Comparison with hemagglutination, immunofluorescence, and complement fixation tests. AB - A slide flocculation test for Chagas' disease is described, which uses a lyophilized, stable antigen obtained by formalin and ultrasonic treatment of culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The test was compared with other tests for the serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis and showed a high sensitivity, positive results being obtained in every case of acute or chronic Chagas' disease. In sera from blood donors and from normal individuals with negative T. cruzi antigen complement fixation tests a specificity of 96% was found. False positive flocculation tests were seen, especially in cases of South American blastomycosis and in a few cases of acute toxoplasmosis. Since it is easy and quick to perform, the slide flocculation test can be recommended as a screening procedure, especially for blood banks. PMID- 808145 TI - Loa loa: experimental infection in two species of African primates. AB - Four species of primates, baboon (Papio anubis), patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) were inoculated with third-stage larvae of a human strain of Loa loa from Cameroon, West African. The baboon and patas monkeys developed patent infections after 135 to 148 days; the green monkeys and chimpanzee did not. In each animal which became patent, microfilaremia rose rapidly to high levels. In the baboon, but not in the patas monkeys, there was a suppression of microfilaremia during the 4th month of patency. After splenectomy, microfilariae reappeared in the peripheral blood in large numbers. In both baboon and patas monkeys, the microfilariae of Loa loa maintain the diurnal periodicity so characteristic of their behavior in man. PMID- 808146 TI - Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal incisions. AB - 1. Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal scars is not as rare as the paucity of case reports in the literature would indicate. 2. Females comprised 21 percent of our patients. 3. The average age was fifty-five years. 4. The probable cause of this bone formation is injury to the xiphoid process above or the pubis below, with liberation of bone-forming cells into the wound. 5. Heterotopic bone usually remains permanently in the wound, but it can be absorbed and disappear, as was noted in one of our patients. 6. The bone should only be excised if it causes enough discomfort to warrant its removal. Careful removal should avoid recurrence. 7. In operations for intra-abdominal malignant lesions, bone formation should not be mistaken for recurrent malignant disease in the abdominal wall. PMID- 808148 TI - Nursing and long-term care: toward quality care for the aging. No. GE-4. PMID- 808147 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and secretory-IgA in human aqueous humor]. AB - Aqueous humor alpha-1-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin concentration wre determined by immunochemical methods. The absence of secretory IgA shows that aqueous humor is mainly a filtration product of serum. PMID- 808149 TI - Chromophoric labeling of amino acids with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride. PMID- 808150 TI - Serum IgE concentrations in neurological diseases. AB - Serum IgE levels were determined in 42 patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome and 22 patients with multiple sclerosis. Serum IgE concentrations were significantly elevated in about half of the patients with acute Guillain Barre Syndrome and tends to fall in patients with clinical improvement. Patients with multiple sclerosis and other acute and chronic central nervous system and peripheral system diseases have normal serum IgE levels. IgE is an important mediator of tissue damage in allergic diseases of immediate type and may also play an important role in acute Guillain Barre Syndrome. PMID- 808151 TI - Relationship between serum immunoglobulin, inhalation bronchial challenges and skin tests in severe asthmatics. AB - The relationship among inhalation bronchial challenge tests, skin tests, total serum immunoglobulin E, A, M, and G values were investigated. Positive correlation between the results of the inhalation bronchial challenges and IgG and negative correlation between the value of IgG and IgA were found but no other correlations. PMID- 808152 TI - Weak calf syndrome: serum immunoglobulin concentrations in precolostral calves. AB - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in precolostral calves affected with weak calf syndrome (WCS), clinically normal calves, and calves which were congenitally infected during the 3rd trimester of gestation with microbial agents isolated from calves with WCS were determined by the quantitative radial immunodiffusion test. Significant difference was not seen in immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G concentrations between serums obtained from precolostral calves affected with WCS and clinically normal calves. However, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G concentrations for precolostral calves which were congenitally infected were significantly greater (14 and 5 times, respectively) than those in serums from normal calves. PMID- 808153 TI - [Traumatic esophageal pseudodiverticulum (author's transl)]. AB - Hypoharyngeal perforation with production of an esophageal pseudodiverticulum in the newborn is reviewed. Two new cases are reported and the clinical signs, very similar to those of tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal artresia, commented upon. The radiological findings of the lesion are discussed, and hints on conservative treatment, advanced. PMID- 808154 TI - [Radiological features of urinary tract infection in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of one documented urinary tract infection in children establishes indication for carrying out a radiologic investigation of patient's urinary tract. Such an approach is mostly aimed at recognizing the presence of predisposing factors such as congenital malformations. Upon mentioning available techniques and its indications, the author describes radiologic findings of the most common inflamatory diseases of the urinary tract in childhood. PMID- 808155 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in newborns of very low birth-weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 808156 TI - Compications in acoustic neuroma surgery. AB - The findings in a series of 80 cerebellopontine angle tumors are presented. Complications and results are covered in detail. A new method of controlling postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is presented. Care of the eye in postoperative facial paralysis is emphasized, and a new type of moisture chamber is introduced. PMID- 808157 TI - Structure-activity of sulfones and sulfonamides on dihydropteroate synthetase from Neisseria meingitidis. AB - The molecular interaction of various sulfones and sulfonamides with partially purified dihydropteroate synthetase from Neisseria meningitidis M-166 has been examined. The mode of action of the sulfones was similar to that of the sulfonamides. Both groups of drugs were competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase with respect to p-aminobenzoate in a partially purified enzyme preparation. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone was three times more effective than sulfadiazine and nine times more effective than sulfanilamide as a competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibitory activity of 4-amino-4' acetamidodiphenylsulfone and 4-amino-4'-formamidodiphenylsulfone in this system eliminated their prior conversion to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone as a requirement for activity. PMID- 808159 TI - Cycloheximide production by Streptomyces griseus: control mechanisms of cycloheximide biosynthesis. AB - Cycloheximide accumulation in a fermentation medium has been shown to be the product of the balance between synthesis and degradation of this antibiotic. Glucose has been shown to prevent cycloheximide degradation. Cycloheximide has been shown to interfere with its own synthesis probably due to feedback inhibition. Approaches for increasing cycloheximide titers in the light of these findings are discussed. PMID- 808158 TI - Possible mechanism of decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin. AB - By use of (14)C-labeled benzyl penicillin, it has been established that beta lactamases and/or acylases play no role in the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin. It has been found, however, that very susceptible strains of the organisms (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.008 mug/ml) bind 10 to 15 times as much penicillin as do moderately to highly resistant strains of the gonoccoccus (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.125 to 2.0 mug/ml). It is postulated that this degree of change in binding components of the whole cell and whole cytoplasmic membrane is sufficient to account for the decreased susceptibility of the organism to penicillin. PMID- 808160 TI - Cycloheximide production by Streptomyces griseus: alleviation of end-product inhibition by dialysis-extraction fermentation. AB - The use of dialysis fermentation with the continuous extraction of the dialysate has resulted in a twofold increase in the cycloheximide titer due to relief from product inhibition. Continuous extraction of the dialysate has eliminated the necessity for large reservoir volumes of fermentation medium normally used in dialysis fermentation. The apparatus used in this procedure is described. PMID- 808161 TI - Plasmid-determined resistance to erythromycin: comparison of strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus pyogenes with regard to plasmid hmology and resistance inducibility. AB - Streptococcus faecalis strains DS-5 and Streptococcus pyogenes strain AC-1 both have a 17 million dalton plasmid that determines resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and vernamycin B(alpha). The results of deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization experiments indicate that the two plasmids are about 95% homologous. It was also shown that erythromycin resistance is inducible in AC-1 and constitutive in DS-5. PMID- 808162 TI - Some cultural and physiological aspects of methane-utilizing bacteria. AB - A number of different methane-utilizing bacteria are described and compared with isolates of other investigators. The strains can be divided into three groups based on pigmentation, cell morphology and internal membrane structures. The oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, methyl ethers and sugar phosphates by these bacteria was studied. There was much similarity between strains within the same group. Differences between groups as regards oxidative properties could be detected, but these were mainly quantitative and could not be used as taxonomical criteria. In addition, the inhibition of methane oxidation by metabolites and enzyme inhibitors was investigated. Formaldehyde proved to be the most active of the organic compounds tested. Iodoacetic acid inhibited both methane and methanol oxidation at concentrations of 0.03 M or above. Of the inorganic compounds, KCN completely suppressed methane oxidation at 5 times 10( 4) M and to more than 90% at 5 times 10(-5) M. PMID- 808163 TI - Semiautomated microbiological method for the assay of quaternary ammonium compounds. AB - A semiautomated method has been developed for quantitatively assaying the activity of detergent disinfectants. Automation permitted a high level of reproducibility, which in turn allowed a meaningful comparison between the activities of some types of quaternary ammonium compounds. PMID- 808164 TI - Degradation of benzothiophene and related compounds by a soil Pseudomonas in an oil-aqueous environment. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa PRG-1, an isolate from oil-contaminated soil, degrades benzothiophene (BT) and other related compounds in a 5% oil-basal medium system. The organism cannot grow on BT alone; 0.05% yeast extract is a suitable substrate for its growth and for its attack on BT. Although BT is partially toxic to the bacteria, toxicity is reduced when BT is added in this oil system. The oil phase is emulsified by bacterial action during the process. Oxygen uptake studies with washed cell suspensions show increased respiration in the presence of BT. Endogenous respiration is markedly decreased by p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate, whereas respiration due to BT is scarcely affected, suggesting that oxygen is added directly to BT. Results obtained both in direct degradation and in respiration studies indicate that 3-methyl-thiophene is more rapidly and extensively degraded than BT and other related compounds. PMID- 808165 TI - Arylamidase activity of Salmonella species. AB - Arylamidase activity in cell extracts of sonically cell treated suspensions of 23 Salmonella strains, including 12 strains of S. typhimurium, was investigated. All cultures hydrolyzed five of nine different neutral and basic substrates. Activity against aspartyl-, cystyl- histidinyl-, and isoleucyl-beta-naphylamide was negligible. Alanyl-beta-naphthylamide was the preferred substrate for the Salmonella species; however, specific activities ranged widely. Of several gram negative organisms surveyed, all except Proteus vulgaris hydrolyzed alanyl-beta naphthylamide at the fastest rate. The most preferred substrate for the Proteus culture was glycyl-beta-naphthylamide. No relationship could be shown between virulence and arylamidase activity for the Salmonella strains. PMID- 808166 TI - Basis for the resistance of several algae to microbial decomposition. AB - The basis for the resistance of certain algae to microbial decomposition in natural waters was investigated using Pediastrum duplex, Staurastrum sp., and Fischerella muscicola as test organisms. Enzyme preparations previously found to convert susceptible algae into spheroplasts had no such effect on the resistant species, although glucose and galacturonic acid was released from P. duplex walls. Little protein or lipid but considerable carbohydrate was found in the walls of the refractory organisms, but resistance was not correlated with the presence of a unique sugar monomer. A substance present in Staurastrum sp. walls was characterized as lignin or lignin-like on the basis of its extraction characteristics, infrared spectrum, pyrolysis pattern, and content of an aromatic building block. Sporopollenin was found in P. duplex, and cellulose in Staurastrum sp. Cell walls of the algae were fractionated, and the fractions least susceptible to microbial degradation were the sporopollenin of P. duplex, the polyaromatic component of Staurastrum sp., and two F. muscicola fractions containing several sugar monomers. The sporopollenin content of P. duplex, the content of lignin or a related constituent of Staurastrum sp., and the resistance of the algae to microbial attack increased with age. It is suggested that resistance results from the presence of sporopollenin in P. duplex, a lignin-like material in Staurastrum sp., and possibly heteropolysaccharides in F. muscicola. PMID- 808167 TI - Microflora and invert sugars in juice from healthy tissue of stored sugarbeets. AB - Bacterial populations increased in juice of healthy tissue of sugarbeet roots stored at 5 C. Average counts showed a sixfold increase after 150 days of storage. Invert sugar levels increased over threefold in "American 4 Hybrid A" and remained fairly constant in "Mono-Hy D-2." The former cultivar also had significantly higher bacterial colony counts than the latter before 90 days of storage. Of 36 isolates identified, 16 were Pseudomonas spp. including P. chlororaphis; 6 Bacillus spp. including B. subtilis; 5 Arthrobacter spp. including A. globiformis; 4 yeasts; 2 Erwinia spp; 2 Flavobacterium spp. including F. aquatile; and Streptomyces longisporus. Isolates of all genera except S. longisporus were able to hydrolyze sucrose in vitro. PMID- 808168 TI - Microflora of maize prepared as tortillas. AB - Very little is known of the microflora in tortillas, the major component in the diet of many Guatemalans and other Central Americans. Based in a Guatemalan highland Indian village, this study examined the types and amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in tortillas and in their maize precursors. Coliforms, Bacillus cereus, two species of Staphylococcus, and many types of yeast were the main contaminants, but low concentrations of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus, facultative Clostridium, and other bacterial types were also found. When tortillas were first cooked, the bacterial counts dropped to 1,000 or fewer organisms per g, a safe level for consumption. Under village conditions, bacterial counts regained precooking levels (about 10(8) organisms/g) within 24 h and rose even higher after 48 h. Reheating caused very little change; hence, bacterial levels remained very high in old tortillas kept for later consumption. A search for the sources of contamination showed that most came from water used in preparation and from the soiled hands of women preparing the tortillas. As an attempt to correct certain nutritional needs of the population, the Institute of Nutrition for Central America and Panama initiated a tortilla fortification project in the Guatemalan village. The bacterial counts in fortified tortillas did not differ significantly from those in oridinary tortillas. Furthermore, the level of contamination was constant among tortillas of different sizes and among tortillas made from different types of maize. PMID- 808169 TI - Production of aflatoxin m in a liquid medium. AB - Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 grown on modified yeast extract-sucrose medium produced 1 mg of aflatoxin M(1) per 100 ml of medium. PMID- 808170 TI - Incidence of molds on pecan nuts at different points during harvesting. AB - Pecan nuts were selected at various points during routine harvesting, and nutmeats were analyzed for gross and internal fungal contamination and for the presence of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Fungi were isolated from a large percentage of nutmeats at all points of examination. No correlations could be made between increased incidence of fungi and particular harvesting procedures. PMID- 808171 TI - [Uhl's syndrome of the adult and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]. PMID- 808172 TI - The enthalpy of oxidation of flavin mononucleotide. Temperature dependence of in vitro bacterial luciferase bioluminescence. PMID- 808173 TI - Roles of sialic acid in the function of bovine factor V. PMID- 808174 TI - Tyrosinase as glycoprotein. AB - Purified tyrosinase T1 was incubated with neuraminidase. The catalytic activity of tyrosinase was essentially retained, after this treatment. The tyrosinase band (Dopa stained) was transformed into a new less anodic form, similar to tyrosinase T2, on disc electrophoresis. The band of protein was also converted to the same position as the Dopa stained. The other hand, the only one PAS stained band of native tyrosinase T1 was splitted into the three slower-moving bands. One was consistent with Dopa and protein stained bands. The other two were much more slower than the former band and completely free of peptide and enzymic activity. The PAS-densitometric value of native tyrosinase T1 was almost equal to those of three separated bands in total. These results suggest that mammalian tyrosinase is a kind of glycoprotein. PMID- 808175 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of polychlorinated biphenyls and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid salt in rats. AB - Administration of PCB to rats resulted in an increase in lever weight, hypertrophy with foam-like changes in cytoplasm of individual liver cells, an increase in liver cholesterol levels, an increase in lever aniline hydroxylase activity and a decrease in liver Na-K-Mg-dependent APTase activity. When ABS was simultaneously administered with PCB, most of the above-mentioned abnormalities were observed to increase and were dependent on administration time and dosage. Testicular abnormalities were observed only in rats on long term co administration of PCB and ABS. PMID- 808176 TI - Further studies on the use of enzyme profiles to monitor residue accumulation in wildlife: plasma enzymes in starlings fed graded concentrations of Morsodren, DDE, Aroclor 1254 and malathion. AB - Wild-trapped starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were fed concentrations of Morsodren (2, 4, and 8 ppm), DDE or Aroclor 1254 (5, 25, and 100 ppm), or malathion (8, 35, and 160 ppm) that were found to be sublethal in pen-reared Coturnix quail fed these amounts for 12 weeks. Plasma enzymes had to be measured earlier than planned in starlings fed Morsodren (at three weeks) or the organochlorine compounds (at seven weeks) because of unexpected, subsequent mortality. Variations in enzyme response were greater in wild than in pen-reared birds, but not enough to mask the toxicant-induced changes in enzyme activity. Cholinesterase activities decreased in birds fed Morsodren or malathion, and increased in those fed the organochlorine compounds. Lactate dehydrogenase activities increased two-fold in starlings fed Morsodren and two- to four-fold in those fed the organochlorine compounds, but only 50% in those fed malathion. Further examination of enzyme profiles showed that creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities increased two- to four-fold in birds fed Morsodren or the organochlorine compounds but not at all in those fed malathion. Thus the classes of environmental contaminants fed to starlings could be easily distinguished by these enzymatic parameters. Evaluation of enzymatic profiles appears to be a potentially valuable technique to monitor the presence of toxicants in wild populations, especially if used to complement standard chemical residue analyses. Here the residue analyses showed, after three weeks feeding, that mercury in the carcasses reflected the concentrations fed daily, whereas accumulation in the livers was two- to four-fold greater. After seven weeks feeding, liver residues of either organochlorine compound were about three-fold higher than the concentrations fed daily. However, four times as much DDE as Aroclor 1254 had accumulated in the carcasses. PMID- 808177 TI - Laboratory model ecosystem studies of the degradation and fate of radiolabeled tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorobiphenyl compared with DDE. AB - Radiolabeled tri-, tetra-, and pentachlorobiphenyls (PCB) and DDE were studied in a laboratory model ecosystem for degradation pathways, and biomagnification in alga, snail, mosquito, and fish. Trichlorobiphenyl was degraded in all the organisms of the model ecosystem much more rapidly than tetrachloro- and pentachlorobiphenyl. Pentachlorobiphenyl was approximately as persistent as DDE. There was a linear relationship between lipid/water partition and ecological magnification and between water solubility and ecological magnification. No evidence of conversion of DDE to PCB was detected. PMID- 808178 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls on pentobarbital sleeping times of Japanese quail. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268), polychlorinated terphenyls (Aroclor 5460), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls (Aroclor 4465) and polybrominated biphenyls (BP-6) were administered in a single dose, 100 mg/kg body weight injected orally, to mature male and female Japanese quail. Two hr after Aroclor treatment, pentobarbital sleeping times were prolonged (2 to 3 times control) in both male and female quail. Twenty-four hr after treatment, sleeping times were similar to those of controls. However, 48 hr after treatment with Aroclor 1248 through Arolcor 5460 and with BP-6, sleeping times of males were only 1/2 those of controls, whereas after treatment with Aroclor 1221, 1232 and 1242, sleeping times were similar to those of controls. The reduction in sleeping times of male quail 48 hr after administration of PCBs was correlated with the percentage of chlorine in the PCB with greater reductions in male than female quail. The response after three days ad libitum feeding of 300 ppm of each substance was the same as the response 48 hr after a single oral injection. Although very few birds died from the toxicity of the Aroclors and BP-6, mortality was greatly increased during anesthesia when the pentobarbital was administered two hr after single oral dosing. PMID- 808179 TI - Effect of pesticides on blue-green algae and nitrogen-fixation. AB - The effects of the pesticides, amitrol, a derivative of amitrol (viz. 3,5-diamino 1,2,4-triazole), diquat, paraquat, linuron, MCPA, malathion, and monuron, were studied on the nitrogen-fixing algae, Anabaena cylindrica, Aulosira sp., Calothrix elenkenii. Chlorogloeae frischii, Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc sp. from Collema tenax, Nostoc muscorum Tolypothrix tenuis, and Westiellopsis sp. In general, two types of response were discernible; an initial period of depression succeeded by an increased activity and an initial period of depression followed by a distinct decrease on prolonged incubation. The results indicate that some pesticidal compounds can severely limit the nitrogen-fixing capacities of blue green algae, thereby affecting the overall nitrogen economy of soils in general. PMID- 808180 TI - Malaria in studies in vitro. III: the protein synthesising activity of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro after drug treatment in vivo. AB - Aotus trivirgatus monkeys with established infections of Plasmodium falciparum were treated orally with either chloroquine or the novel compound 1-amidino-3-(3 chloro-4-cyanophenyl) urea. Blood samples were cultured in vitro, 18 hours after treatment, when no morphological abnormalities were apparent. The incorporation of radioactive leucine from the medium by the blood of treated monkeys was compared with that of the undosed control. Parasite maturation was also examined. Both chloroquine and the amidinourea were effective against the drug sensitive strain of P. falciparum. The combined use of an in vivo and in vitro test demonstrated that biochemical disturbance of the parasite may be demonstrable before morphological effects are seen. This system should prove useful in drug metabolism studies and in experiments using large or expensive animals. PMID- 808181 TI - Studies on Schistosoma bovis in Ethiopia. AB - Schistosoma bovis occurs in at least seven of the 14 rovinces of Ethiopia. Results of faecal and snail surveys in three foci are reported. Adwa. One collection showed that nine out of 26 bulinids were infected with S. bovis. The snail host was a tetraploid form of Bulinus (n = 36). The examination of 200 specimens of cattle faces revealed no S. bovis eggs, which was attributed to poor technique or light infection. Gewani. The snail host was Bulinus abyssinicus, which was also infected with S. haematobium, the combined infection rate being 60%. S. bovis eggs were seen in 1-5% (3/197) of specimens of cattle faeces. Lake Awassa. Among 715 bulinids(a mixture of diploid (n = 18) and tetraploid (n = 36) forms), 22 were infected with S. bovis. Infected snails all belonged to the tetraploid form. Infection in cattle faeces was 5-5%(11/200). The Fasciola infection rates in these three areas were 29%, 78% and 60% respectively. Susceptibility of laboratory and wild animals to the Gewani and Lake Awassa strains of S. bovis was investigated. Combined results show that there are at least five species of wild rodents in Ethiopia which are susceptible to S. bovis: Arvicanthis niloticus, Praomys albipes, Rattus rattus, Mastomys coucha and Lophuromys flavopunctatus, in addition to hamsters, white mice, rabbits and guinea pigs. Immature female worms resembling S. bovis were recovered from a goat and a sheep exposed to a mixture of S. bovis and S. haematobium cercariae shed by naturally infected snails. Using the same mixture of cercariae, a Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada) could be infected by both schistosomes, but a dog was completely refractory. ABSCESS. Some of these inconclusive results are thought to be due to a unisexual infection. The Gewani strain of SEWANI STRAIN OF S. bovis had a wider range of snail hosts than the Adwa and Awassa strains, covering the tropicus, truncatus and africanus groups of Bulinus. The Adwa and Awassa strains could infect only members of the truncatus group. PMID- 808182 TI - Needle aspiration in the diagnosis of soft tissue infections. AB - Diagnosis of soft tissue infections is often delayed or made incorrectly because of reliance on indirect means to determine the etiologic agent. A rapid, speific method is the needle aspiration of these lesions combined with Gram-stain and culture studies. More frequent use of this direct method should facilitate diagnosis and improve treatment. Seven case studies are present to illustrate the usefulness of this technique. PMID- 808184 TI - The control of carbon dioxide assimilation and ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity in Anacystis nidulans grown in a light-limited chemostat. AB - The blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, was grown in a light-limited chemostat at specific growth rates ranging from 0.02 h-1 to 0.10h-1. The rate of carbon dioxide assimilation, measured under optimal experimental conditions, increased 3 to 5 fold with increasing growth rate over this range. Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase (RuDPCase) activity per organism increased four fold over the same growth rate range. RuDPCase specific activity in terms of total protein remained constant at all growth rates. The total protein content per organism and the percentage of protein in the dry weight increased in faster growing organisms. The dry weight per organism also increased as growth rate increased. These results are discussed to show that RuDPCase activity is not controlled by transcriptional mechanisms but that its activity per cell is regulated by gene dosage. PMID- 808183 TI - Adenine nucleotide pool variations in intact Nitrobacter winogradskyi cells. AB - 1. The ATP pool in Nitrobacter winogradskyi cells was determined by means of the luciferin-luciferase enzyme system and the ADP and AMP pools were measured after enzymatic conversion into ATP. 2. In the first 10 min after addition of nitrite to endogenously respiring cells, which had stood for 5--16 days after completion of the nitrite oxidation, the ATP pool dropped about 60%. 3. During the log phase the ATP pool was approx. 20--40 pmoles/5 mug cell-N. During growth it increased exponentially by 3--4 times the amount until the nitrite had been used up. Subsquently the ATP pool decreased at first rapidly and then more slowly without sinking to 0 in the first 2 months after nitrification. 4. Nitrite oxidizing cells had an energy charge of 0.37 during the log-phase. After approx. 90% of the substrate had been used up the energy charge had reached 0.57. 5. If the CO2 assimilation was inhibited in growing cultures by increased oxygen partial pressure, nitrite oxidation continued but the ATP pool increased. 6. The ATP pool and the activity of the endogenous respiration decreased by more than 50% during the first hours after the substrate had been used up. PMID- 808185 TI - The effect of inhibitors on the electron flow triggering photo-phobic reactions in Cyanophyceae. AB - 1. Since photo-phobic reactions in the blue green alga Phormidium uncinatum seem to be triggered by changes of electron flow rates into or out of an electron pool situated in the electron transport chain between photo-system II and I, the effect of inhibitors affecting the electron transport chain has been studied. 2. Dose response curves of the phobic reaction have been measured by varying the trap energy in double beam light trap experiments with constant pairs of monochromatic light. From these dose response curves the effects of the inhibitors on both types of phobic reactions, i.e. exit reactions and entrance reactions, have been calculated. 3. Dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) inhibits the electron transport between the electron pool and photosystem I by preventing the reoxidation of plastoquinone. The phobic entrance reaction, which results in an emptying of the light trap, is triggered by changes in the electron flow out of the pool; thus it is more effected by DBMIB than the exit reaction, which is mediated by the electron transport into the pool. 4. The phobic exit reaction, which results in accumulations in the light trap, is triggered by changes in the electron flow into the electron pool via photosystem II. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) inhibits the electron transport near photosystem II; thus it affects the exit reaction more than the entrance reaction. PMID- 808186 TI - Allophycocyanin B (lambdamax 671, 618 nm): a new cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein. AB - A hitherto undescribed red fluorescent phycobiliprotein (maximum emission at congruent to 680 nm), characterized by long wavelength absorption maxima in the visible region at 671 nm (xi = 172000 M(-1).cm(-1) per monomer of mol. wt. 30600)and 618 nm, has been purified to homogeneity from unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., and from a filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis. The name allophycocyanin B has been proposed for the new protein. A. variabilis allophycocyanin B is characterized by a native molecular weight of 89000 p 5000 (in 0.05 M phosphate at pH 7.2), an isoelectric point of 5.09, and a subunit molecular weight, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of 15300. The protein contains one phycocyanobilin chromophore per subunit. In common with allophycocyanin from the same organism, allophycocyanin B does not contain either histidine or tryptophan. In other respects, the amino acid compositions of the two proteins are significantly different. Synechococcus sp. (Anacytis nidulans) allophycocyanin B gives two components of 16000 and 17000 mol. wt., of equal staining intensity, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allophycocyanin B from both organisms cross-react with rabbit antisera directed against either Synechococcus sp. or Anabaena sp. allophycocyanin, but not with antisera against the phycocyanins of the same organisms. It is suggested that allophycocyanin B occupoes a position between allophycocyanin and chlorophyll a in the energy transfer path from the accessory pigments to species of chlorophyll a with absorption maxima at lambda greater than 670 nm. PMID- 808187 TI - Requirement of low oxidation-reduction potential for photosynthesis in a blue green alga (Phormidium sp.). AB - Photosynthesis in a Phormidium species which forms dense conical-shaped structures in thermal springs is strongly inhibited by aeration but is stimulated by sulfide and other agents (cysteine, thioglycolate, sulfite) which lower the oxidation-reduction potential. The compact structures which this alga forms in nature may restrict oxygen penetration from the enviroment so that the anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions necessary ofr photosynthesis can develop. The alga may be defective in a regulatory mechanism that controls the reoxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides formed during photosynthesis. It is suggested that other mat-forming and benthic blue-green algae may also prefer anaerobib conditions for growth and photosynthesis. PMID- 808188 TI - Photoassimilation of acetate and metabolism of carbohydrate in Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. AB - 1. Washed cell suspensions of Chlorobium thiosulfatophilium form large amounts of a polyglucose in the light. Addition of acetate to the cells increases the formation of polysaccharide considerable. During incubation in the dark, polysaccharide decreases with time, and organic acids such as succinic and propionic acid are excreted into the medium. 2. Glucose isolated from cells which had photoassimilated 1-, 2-, and U-14C-acetate had a specific activity which lay between 1 and 2 times that of the acetate substrates. 3. To analyse the distribution of radioactivity in the glucose units formed during photoassimilation of 14C-acetate, 2 microbial degradations, with bakers' yeast and Zymomonas mobilis respectively, were used. The results show that acetate gives rise to carbon atoms 1 plus 2 and 5 plus 6 of glucose, wheras carbon atomes 3 plus 4 are not labelled. Further, the results indicate that glucose is not formed via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle when acetate is present. PMID- 808189 TI - A survey of available nitrogen sources for growth of the blue-green alga, Agmenellum quadruplicatum. AB - The growth response of the marine blue-green alga, Agmenellum quadruplicatum to 60 inorganic and organic nitrogen sources was studied. These compounds were offered as sole nitrogen sources. Most amino acids, most purines, and urea were good nitrogen sources for growth. PMID- 808190 TI - [Diurnal progress of NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase in synchronous culture of unicellular green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii and its susceptibility to X-irradiation and inhibitiors of protein synthesis]. AB - 1. The daily progress of NADP-linked GPD-activity rise in synchronous culture of Ankistrodesmus braunii was investigated in respect to short time increase of activity by light. After various exposure times cells were temporarily deprived of light and subsequently the so-called dark value as well as the light value (dark value plus light-induced part) of the enzyme activity was determined. 2. The increase of dark and light values per cell number is greater in the first half of the day than in the second. The minor activity rise in the second half seems to be caused by culture conditions since the activity of the light and dark values-after reduction of cell density to half in the early afternoon-shows a greater increase again. With regard to chlorophyll, around noon the enzymes activity reaches a maximum which corresponds to numerous other physiological maxima in synchronous algae cultures. 3. The absolute value of the light-induced part of NADP-linked GPD-activity per cell number also increases with increasing exposure time in the first half of the day more than in the second. 4. X irradiation retards the rise of the dark value of the NADP-GPD. This is particularly evident if the cells are exposed to light for 4 hrs after X irradiation: 10-25 krad is enough to completely arrest the rise of the dark value. 5. The light-induced part of GDP-activity is hardly affected by high X-ray doses (424 krad), either immediately following the X-irradiation altered the effect of the irradiation: the rise of the dark value was not as great as the control; the light-induced part of enzyme activity was obviously retarded more than it had been after only 4 hrs exposure time. Thus it can be assumed that with regard to the dark value of GPD-activity there is a recovery from the irradiation damage, whereas the radiation effect on the light-induced part of GDP-activity is possibly increased. 8. The D37 of chlorophyll synthesis of synchronous Ankistrodesmus cultures is approximately 85 krad and is thus, like the rise of the light-induced increase of NADP-linked GPD-activity, substantially more radiation resistent than the rise of the dark value which for a plant organism is extremely sensitive. 9. The high radiation sensitivity of the dark value rise of the GPD-activity in Ankistrodesmus braunii is compared with the relatively radiation resistent rise of this enzyme activity in resting greening Euglena gracilis, which contrary to Ankistrodesmus is not retarded by actinomycine, but only by chloramphenicol. One of the hypotheses under discussion regarding the X ray effect is that the transcription processes which probably occur additionally for the rise in activity of the dark value of NADP-linked GPD may be the particularly radiation sensitive processes in Ankistrodesmus braunii. PMID- 808191 TI - A conceptual model of psychosomatic illness in children. Family organization and family therapy. AB - Linear and open systems (multiple feedback) models of psychosomatic illness in children are contrasted in terms of their implications for cause and treatment. An open systems family model is presented that describes three necessary (but not independently sufficient) conditions for the development and maintenance of severe psychosomatic problems in children: (1) a certain type of family organization that encourages somatization; (2) involvement of the child in parental conflict; and (3) physiological vulnerability. Predisposition for psychosomatic illness, symptom choice, and maintenance are discussed within this conceptual framework. We report on family therapy strategies based on this model and the results of family treatment with 48 cases of "brittle" diabetes, psychosomatic asthma, and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 808192 TI - Sexual identity: research strategies. PMID- 808193 TI - Neuroendocrinology: animal models and problems of human sexuality. PMID- 808194 TI - Positive nitrogen balance using isotonic crystalline amino acid solution. AB - A study of 50 patients was undertaken to determine the effects of an isotonic 5 percent crystalline amino acid solution on nitrogen balance. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: 24 receiving amino acids and 25 receiving dextrose in water. (One patient in the treatment group dropped out after one day of intravenous therapy.) Administration of amino acids postoperatively maintained nitrogen balance, as compared with controls. No untoward metabolic changes or other complications occurred. Amino acid peripherally administered is an alternate source of calories and nitrogen. It is of value in treating short-term under-nutrition. PMID- 808195 TI - Metabolic effects of amino acid vs dextrose infusion in surgical patients. AB - We tested the hypothesis that during infusion of amino acids without dextrose, there is less insulin stimulation, which, in turn, permits lipolysis. The results suggest that dextrose infusion stimulates insulin and inhibits lipolysis. During administration of crystalline amino acids without dextrose, nitrogen balance improved substantially from control values obtained during dextrose infusion, while the level of serum-free fatty acids and ketone bodies rose and that of serum immunoreactive insulin fell. Infusion of amino acids at 1.7 gm/kg appeared slightly more efficient than infusion at 1.0 gm/kg and did not stimulate insulin or inhibit lipolysis. Protein sparing may be useful in certain specific clinical situations. However, the results must be interpreted cautiously, primarily because it is difficult to establish the relationship between improvement in nitrogen balance and the derived clinical benefit. Absolute proof of the efficacy of this technique awaits further studies using indexes that more accurately measure protein synthesis. PMID- 808196 TI - Editorial: Renal failure after ruptured aneurysm. PMID- 808198 TI - Hepatic rupture from anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 808197 TI - Renal failure after ruptured aneurysm. AB - The effectiveness of an intravenous nutritional program plus aggressive dialysis was studied in 32 patients with renal failure following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Each patient was managed postoperatively with a renal failure fluid regimen, consisting of the eight essential amino acids plus dextrose in conjunction with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. This regimen induced salutary metabolic effects temporarily improving the patient's condition in most instances. No technical or septic complications associated with the intravenous dietary therapy occurred. However, the incidence of recovery of renal function was low, and the overall patient survival was only 12.5%. The experience indicates that although this program has been shown to be efficacious in some patients with acute renal failure, it seems of little benefit in those whose renal failure follows ruptured aortic aneurysm. PMID- 808199 TI - [Problem of homologization of the cerebral neocortex in cetaceans]. AB - Homologization of the cerebeal neocortex of the cetaceans was performed by comparison of macro- and micro-signs of the structural organization of the cerebral cortex of cetaceanson the one hand and comparison with the same data on the cerebral cortex of ungulates, carnivores and primates. The degree of homology of main fissures and convolutions of the brain of the cetaceans was shown to differ very markedly from the brain of carnivores and priimates. Besides, the complex of macroscopic and cytoarchitectonic characteristics as compared with earlier data on the structural organization of the new cortex of the dolphin (1969,1970) permitted identification of a new type of the cortex which is characteristic only of cetaceans andnot of the ground mammals. PMID- 808200 TI - Asymptomatic destruction of the fornix in man. AB - In the five previous reports dealing with the effects of interruption of the formix in man, two noted that a severe disturbance of recent memory resulted, and three indicated that no symptoms were evident. The brain was examined in only one of the cases cited. This report describes a patient, without any apparent neurological or psychological disturbances, in whom a malignant tumor had destroyed the formix bilaterally. PMID- 808201 TI - An experimental model for immunological studies of dental caries in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 808202 TI - An immunological investigation into the prevention of caries in deciduous teeth of rhesus monkeys. PMID- 808204 TI - Survival after regional perfusion for limb melanoma. AB - Regional perfusion has been carried out in the limbs of a group of patients with recurrent melanoma, and has achieved disappearance of visible disease in the affected limb in 10 patients out of 28 (36%), prevention of local recurrence in five, and no effect on the disease in nine. This control of recurrent melanoma cost no mortality, but did carry a definite but acceptable morbidity. PMID- 808203 TI - Sulphated macromolecules in dental plaque in the monkey Macaca irus. PMID- 808205 TI - Pasteurella multocida serotyping results (1971-1973). AB - Pasteurella multocida serotyping results were compiled and reported for 1971 1973. A total of 762 isolations from 20 different animal species from 23 states were serotyped. Serotype 3 was most common, accounting for 53% of the isolations. PMID- 808206 TI - Eimeria brunetti in epithelial cells of the bursa of Fabricius in gnotobiotic chickens. AB - Germ-free and conventional chickens were infected with Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or Eimeria brunetti. Germ-free chickens acquiring single infections of E. brunetti were found to have lifecycle stages of the coccidial organism in the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 808207 TI - Isolation of two turkey influenza A viruses in Minnesota. AB - Two influenza viruses were isolated from turkeys in 1973. A/Turkey/Minn/PR/73 was isolated from a flock with a 75% mortality. Antigenically its hemagglutinin was not similar to that of A/Turkey/Wis/66 virus. A/Turkey/Minn/Kandi/73 was recovered from a flock with 67% mortality. This isolant was antigenically similar to A/Turkey/Wis/66. PMID- 808208 TI - The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: II. Characteristics and tolerances of the pocket mouse and incidence of disease. AB - Pocket mice are facultative homoiotherms with the ability to drop their metabolic rate dramatically while at rest or in response to environmental stresses. Under these conditions, they characteristically enter a state of prolonged torpor. These animals require no drinking water and they can live in darkness for many months without apparent ill effect. They tolerate a wide range of ambient temperature, ralative humidity, and oxygen pressure and have survied without food for a mean of 14 d at an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C (68 degrees F). Studies carried out on the pocket mouse colony used for the Apollo XVII flight revealed, in the animals tested, no serological evidence of viral disease, no pathogenic enterobacteria or respiratory Mycoplasma on culture, a 25% incidence of sarcosporidiosis, and a 2% incidence of chronic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. The conclusion reached is that the pocket mouse is a highly adaptive animal and very well suited for space flight. PMID- 808209 TI - The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: appendix III. evaluation of viscera and other tissues. AB - Histopathological findings in the lungs, livers, bone marrows, small intestines, gonads, kidneys, and other tissues of the four pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) that survived the Apollo XVII flight were evaluated in the light of their immediate environment and as targest of HZE cosmic ray particles. Results of this study failed to disclose changes that could be ascribed to the HZE particle radiation. Decreased numbers of erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow of the flight mice were probably related to the increased oxygen pressure. The small intestine showed no changes. Ovaries and tests appeared normal. Two of the three surviving male flight mice displayed early stages of spermatogenesis, just as ground-based controls did at the same season. Abnormalities were also not found in the thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, or kidneys. The status of the juxtaglomerular apparatus could not be evaluated. The lungs exhibited nonspecific slight rections. A variety of incidental lesions were noted in the livers of both the flight mice and their controls. The heart muscle showed nothing that could be regarded as pathological. Sections of skeletal muscle examined were free from significant change. PMID- 808211 TI - [Life-cycle of Sarcosporidia. VI. Studies on the species differentiation in Sarcocystis fusiformis and Sarcocystis tenella]. PMID- 808210 TI - Induction of the drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 808212 TI - [Distrubances in glucose metabolism during diphenyhydantoin treatment in childhood]. PMID- 808213 TI - [Anticonvulsants and electroencephalogram]. PMID- 808214 TI - [Findings concerning psychopathology, psychometry and serum concentration during high dosage ambulant treatment with carbamazepine (Tegretal) in complicated epilepsy]. PMID- 808215 TI - Comparison of beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9 with a beta lactamase from Bacillus cereus 5/B/6. AB - A mutant of Bacillus cereus 5/B, strain 5/B/6, produces a beta-lactamase II-like enzyme but no beta-lactamase I. Beta-lactamases II and II 5/B/6 appear to show a high degree of homology, but there are significant differences in their enzymic properties. PMID- 808216 TI - Phospholipid biosynthesis in the anaerobic protozoon Entodinium caudatum. AB - 1. The anaerobic rumen protozoon Entodinium caudatum was incubated either intact or with various radioactive precursors of phospholipids after ultrasonication. 2. Pulse-chase experiments showed a rapid turnover of phosphatidylinositol and much slower turnovers of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. 3. E. caudatum imbibed choline very rapidly; this was immediately and exclusively converted into phosphatidylcholine which was shown by radioautography after 10 min to be distributed throughout the cell membranes. 4. Phosphatidylcholine was synthesized through a phosphorylcholine-CDP-choline pathway, the methylation or base-exchange pathways not being present. 5. Under suitable conditions [Me 14C]choline can be substantially (50-60%) converted into CDP-choline by sonicated E. caudatum and this provides an excellent method of preparing this biosynthetic intermediary. 6. [2-14C]Ethanolamine was taken up much less readily than choline. The former was incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. 7. Doubly labelled [32P]phosphatidyl[2-3H]ethanolamine was converted into ceramide phosphorylethanolamine and N-(1-carboxyethyl)phosphatidyl ethanolamine, without change in the isotopic ratio. Ceramide phosphoryl [2-14C] ethanolamine was converted into phsophatidylethanolamine. 8. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were taken by E. caudatum cells and incorporated into phospholipids. By contrast, although stearic acid was taken up it was hardly incorporated into phospholipids. PMID- 808218 TI - The effects L-leucine on the synthesis of urea, glutamate and glutamine by isolated rat liver cells. AB - With either alanine or a mixture of 15 different amino acids as nitrogen source, the addition of L-leucine inhibited the synthesis of urea by isolated rat liver cells. With alanine present leucine promoted the production of glutamate and glutamine. Comparison of effects of leucine on soluble glutamate dehydrogenase, mitochondria and isolated cells supports the postulate that leucine exerts its effect through activation of glutamate dehydrogenase. It is suggested that this latter enzyme may not be as important for the production of NH3 for carbamoyl phosphate synthesis as has been considered hitherto. PMID- 808217 TI - Drug induction of hepatic glutathione S-transferases in male and female rats*. AB - The induction of the glutathione S-transferases by phenobarbital and polycyclic hydrocarbons was studied in male and female rats. Administration of phenobarbital resulted in 60-80% increase in S-aryl and S-aralkyl enzyme specific activities, whereas the S-epoxide and S-alkyl activities were increased by 30-40%. In following the sequence of induction, the former two activities were noted to reach peak activities before an increase in the latter two activities was observed. Both 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,4-benzopyrene were shown toi nduce these four enzymic activities, although without the discrimination between pairs of activities noted with phenobarbital. No change in Km accompanied the increase in Vmax. after induction by drugs, and no change occurred in Ki for sulphobromophthalein inhibition. Significantly lower enzyme specific activities were found for three of the activities studied in female rats but no difference was observed in the S-alkyltransferase activity. However, the proportional increase in the enzymic activities in response to phenobarbital was the same in males and females. These studies demonstrate the drug induction of a group of cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as the identification of sex differences in these activities. PMID- 808219 TI - The decrease of mitochondrial substrate uptake caused by trialkyltin and trialkyl lead compounds in chloride media and its relevance to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. AB - 1. In a 100 mM-KCl medium (pH 6.8) containing ATP, triethyltin (1 muM) causes a decrease in the uptake of pyruvate, malate, citrate or beta-hydroxybutyrate by rat liver mitochondria, but no decrease is observed in a 100 mM-KNO3 medium. This response is not modified by the presence of rotenone in the incubation medium. 2. In the KCl medium at least 1 muM-triethyltin is required to cause maximum inhibition of pyruvate uptake. 3. Trimethyltin, tributyltin and the trialkyl-lead analogues at 1 muM, to varying degrees, also cause a decrease in pyruvate uptake by mitochondria only in the KCl medium. 4. Triethyltin stimulates resting respiration of mitochondria with all the substrates tested in the KCl medium but not in the KNO3 medium, yet this stimulation of O2 uptake occurs under conditions when substrate uptake is decreased. 5. In contrast, both O2 uptake during state 3 respiration and ATP synthesis when linked to the oxidation of pyruvate, malate or citrate are strongly inhibited by 1 muM-triethyltin in a KCl medium, but O2 uptake and ATP synthesis during the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate are only slightly affected. In a KNO3 medium O2 uptake and ATP synthesis linked to the oxidation of all substrates are only slightly affected. 6. The relevance of the decrease in substrate uptake by mitochondria caused by triethyltin in a KCl medium to the greater sensitivity of various mitochondrial functions observed in vitro is discussed. It is concluded that decrease of matrix substrate content is probably not the major cause of the greater sensitivity of oxidative phosphorylation to triethyltin in a KCl medium observed previously. PMID- 808220 TI - The clearing-factor lipase activity of isolated fat-cells. AB - 1. When fat-cells are isolated from the epididymal adipose tissue of 24h-starved rats and incubated at 25 degrees C in the presence of dialysed serum, glucose, insulin, amino acids and heparin, the total clearing-factor lipase acitivity of the incubation system increases progressively over a period of several hours. 2. All of the increase in activity is accounted for by the appearance of enzyme in the appearance of enzyme in the incubation medium and the fat-cell activity does not change significantly. Cycloheximids, at a concentration that prevents protein synthesis, does not affect the appearance of enzyme in the incubation medium, but the fat-cell enzyme activity is decreased in its presence. 3. The magnitude of the increase in total clearing factor lipase activity is unaffected by the omission of heparin from the medium. However, less enzyme is extracted in tis absence and the fat-cell activity increases. Cycloheximide again only affects the rise in cell activity and does not alter the activity in the incubation medium. 4. When serum in the incubation medium is replaced by casein, the distribution of enzyme between the cells and the medium is changed, but the magnitudes of the increases in total enzyme activity are similar. 5. These characteristics of the clearing-factor lipase response of isolated fat-cells differ in several respects from those observed earlier with intact adipose tissue from 24h-starved rats (Robinson & Wing, 1971; Cryer et al., 1973). The differences could be due, in part, to changes in the relative amounts of two different molecular forms of the enzyme that occur during the isolation of the fat-cells. PMID- 808221 TI - Effect of depletion of vitamin A, followed by supplementation with retinyl acetate or retinoic acid, on regeneration of rat liver. AB - After partial hepatectomy the net increase in tissue weight and in RNA, DNA and proteins in the regenerating liver was markedly less in vitamin A-deleted or retinoic acid-supplemented male rats, compared with the corresponding normal control or retinyl acetate-supplemented ones. PMID- 808222 TI - The teichuronic acid of cell walls of Bacillus subtilis W23 grown in a chemostat under phosphate limitation. AB - Cell walls of Bacillus subtilis W23 contain teichuronic acid when grown in a chemostat under phosphate limitation at a low dilution rate, but teichoic acid at a higher dilution rate. The teichuronic acid was purified and shown to be a polymer of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. PMID- 808224 TI - A carbonic anhydrase requirement for the synthesis of glutamine from pyruvate in the chameleon. PMID- 808223 TI - The topography of lactose synthesis. AB - 1. At short incubation times, and under suitable osmotic conditions, the lactose synthesized by Golgi-derived vesicles of rat mammary gland is 85-90% particulate. Evidence is presented for its occlusion within the lumen of the vesicles. 2. Ovalbumin is used as a bulky active-site inhibitor to show that the active site of lactose synthase lies on the inner face of the Golgi membrane. 3. Phlorrhizin and phloretin inhibit lactose synthesis by such vesicles, indicating the presence of a glucose-transport system. 4. The relationship of this topography to the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose and to the secretion of milk sugars is discussed. PMID- 808225 TI - Correlation between anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro. PMID- 808226 TI - Action of n-alkanes on drug-metabolizing enzymes from guinea-pig liver. PMID- 808227 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by 2-aryl-1,3-indandiones. PMID- 808228 TI - The metabolism of foreign compounds in rats after treatment with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PMID- 808229 TI - Depressed synovial fluid levels of properdin and properdin factor B in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two proteins in the properdin system, properdin and factor B, and complement components C4 and C3 were measured by radial immunodiffusion in serums and synovial fluids from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and positive tests for rheumatoid factor, 9 patients with seronegative RA, and 10 with degenerative joint disease. In addition to depressions of synovial fluid C4 which correlated with lowered C3 in seropositive RA, consistent with activation of the classic pathway, low synovial fluid levels of factor B and properdin in seropositive RA indicate intraarticular activation of the properdin pathway as well. PMID- 808230 TI - [Experimental studies on the question of an adjuvant function of bromhexine]. AB - On a possible adjuvant function of a bronchosecretolytic preparation commercially available, N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl-(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)-amine-hydrochloride (bromhexine, Bisolvon-R), sensibilization tests on 30 rabbits were undertaken. 5 animals received Bisolvon and human albumin as antigen, 5 rabbits human albumin only, 5 rabbits Bisolvon and human lymphocytes, 5 rabbits human lymphocytes only, 5 rabbits Bisolvon alone, and 5 received neither Bisolvon nor any antigen. The techniques in these studies, such as two-dimensional double immunodiffusion in agar gel, lymphocytotoxicity test, mixed lymphocyte culture test, electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate foil were used as well as histologic preparations. It could be ascertained that sensitizing with human albumin and simultaneous application of Bisolvon led to a higher concentration of antibodies against albumin than did sensitizing with human albumin alone. Rabbits sensitized with human lymphocytes showed no obvious difference in their antibody rates whether they had received Bisolvon or not. This applied to cell mediated antibodies as well as to the rate of cytotoxic antibodies against human lymphocytes. Among the histologic findings of spleen, bone marrow showed the morphologic equivalences expected from xenosensitization. Comparing the results of sensitized rabbits with and without Bisolvon there were no positive differences as to intensity and/or type of reactivity to be seen. Liver and kidney showed no considerable pathologic phenomena with the exception of some cases with coccidiosis in the bile ductuli. Concerning the bronchial mucosa, in all rabbits treated with Bisolvon an increase of mucine enriched goblet cells as well as a hypergranulation of different epithelial cell types could be observed. Moreover in all animals, including the controls, an intense lymphatic infilitration in the subepithelial and submucous area was identified. The increased antibody concentration in the sera of animals from group I compared with that of rabbits from group II is interpreted as an enhancement of cell membrane's permeability effected by bromhexine. By this mechanism, on one hand antigen molecules could be absorbed better, while on the other elimination of molecular antibodies, that means immunoglobulins, from plasma cells could be favoured. PMID- 808231 TI - A controlled study of the hypoglycemic and insulinopoietic effect of glipizide and glibenclamide in non-diabetic human subjects. AB - The authors studied in 12 non-diabetic women the effect on blood glucose and IRI of 2.5 mg of N-(4-[2-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamido)-ethyl]-benzenesulphonyl)-N' cyclohexyl-urea (glipizide) and N-4[2-5(-chloro-2-methoxy-benzamido)-ethyl] phenylsulphonyl-N'-cyclohexyl-urea (glibenclamide) given orally as a single dose according to a single blind crossover experimental design. After glipidide the effect on blood glucose was prompter and Immuno Reactive Insulin (IRI) levels higher. These results are in agreement with kinetic studies showing rapid and practically complete absorption of the product from the gastrointestinal tract. This fact together with the fast excretion of the drug and metabolites renders delayed hypoglycemic reactions very unlikely after administration of glipizide. PMID- 808232 TI - [Behavior of some serum enzymes and proteins in experimental revascularization of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Effect of reoxygenation of the serum enzymatic activities and protein fractions in dog with acute myocardial infarction. The enzymatic activitites creatin phosphokinase (CPK; E.C. 2.7.3.2), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT; E.C. 2.6.1.1.), diamine oxidase (DAO; E.C. 1.4.3.6.), monoamine oxidase (MAO; E.C. 1.4.3.4.), catalase (E.C. 1.2.1.6.), peroxidase (E.C. 1.2.1.6.) and the protein fractions levels are measured in the dog serum during experimental myocardial infarction, followed by 2 hours of reoxygenation. The alpha, and alpha2 globuline serum proteins increase during anoxic period; after reperfusion alpha1 globuline content further increase again, while alpha2 globuline fraction decrease to control values. The enzymatic activities, particulary CPK, DAO and MAO, significantly enhance during coronary occlusion. After riperfusion the DAO, GOT and peroxidase activities decrease, while the CPK, atalase and MAO activities further increase, particulary at the early stage of the reperfusion. These results are discussed interms of cellular mechanism, induced by oxygen readmission. PMID- 808234 TI - Proceedings: Nitroglycerin and nitroglycerin-phenylephrine-induced reduction in ischaemia during acute myocardial infarction in man. PMID- 808233 TI - Cerebral and cardiac toxicity of a small dose of lignocaine. AB - A patient is reported in whom an intravenous bolus injection of 50 mg lignocaine produced extreme sinus bradycardia (rate 14 to 20/min). Only 2 patients with such a response to a similarly small dose have been previously reported, but these reports indicate clearly that careful electrocardiographic monitoring is advisable when lignocaine is administered. PMID- 808235 TI - Unique protein in the nucleus of a cell line transformed by the carcinogen methylnitrosourea. PMID- 808237 TI - Availability of monovalent and divalent cations within intact chloroplasts for the action of ionophores nigericin and A23187. AB - 1. A23187 will uncouple electron transport by broken chloroplasts in a divalent cation dependent manner provided that they have been treated with a low concentration of EDTA. 2. A23187 stimulates oxaloacetate-dependent oxygen evolution and inhibits phosphoglycerate reduction by intact chloroplasts isolated in a cation-free medium whereas the full effect of nigericin was dependent on the presence of external K+. 3. Uncoupling of oxaloacetate reduction by A23187 in intact chloroplasts is inhibited by EDTA and this effect is overcome by excess Mg2+. 4. The results suggest that divalent and not monovalent cations are available for collapsing the light-induced H+ gradient within the intact organelle. PMID- 808236 TI - On agents favoring prostaglandin f formation during biosynthesis. AB - The microsomal fraction of bovine vesicular gland catalyzed the conversion of eicosapolyenoic acids exclusively to prostaglandin E in the presence of reduced glutathione, while hydrox fatty acids, prostaglandins D and F, decreased to a negligible level. After solubilizing the microsomal fraction with cutscum, the prostaglandin synthetase activity was purified 11-fold by batchwise absorption and elution of the enzyme activity from DEAE-cellulose. This partially purified enzyme fraction did not respond to reduced glutathione in promoting prostaglandin E formation at the expense of other products. A number of glutathione analogs were examined, but none of these was as effective as reduced glutathione. Dithiol complexes of Cu-2+, Ni-2+, and Zn-2+ exerted pronounced effects on relative amounts of the different prostaglandins biosynthesized. Both the Cu-2+ dithiothreitol (2:1) complex and stannous chloride markedly enhanced prostaglandin F synthesis at the expense of prostaglandin D and prostaglandin E. The following reagents chemically reduced the endoperoxide in ascaridole to p menth-2-ene-cis-1,4-diol: Cu-2+0dithiothreitol, Cu-2+-epinephrine, and stannous chloride. It is concluded that the enhancement of prostaglandin F formation caused by copper-dithiols and L-epinephrine is due to nonenzymatic reduction of prostaglandin G or prostaglandin H. PMID- 808238 TI - Purification of histaminase (diamine oxidase) from human pregnancy plasma by affinity chromatography. AB - The present study describes the use of affinity chromatography to achieve a high degree of purification of histaminase (diamine oxidase, EC 1.4.3.6) from plasma of women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The procedure is based upon the binding of histaminase to cadaverine, a diamine substrate for the enzyme, which is coupled to Sepharose. Contaminant proteins were removed by high concentrations of NaCl (up to 1.0M), and the histaminase was then eluted from the column with a buffer containing 300--400 units/ml of sodium heparin. The purification technique has the following characteristics: (1) in optimal experiments, 3000-fold purification of enzyme was obtained; (2) the yield of enzyme was as great as 25%; (3) the binding of histaminase to the amine groups of the cadaverine appears to represent a true "affinity" phenomenon since enzyme bound to DEAE-cellulose under neutral pH conditions was eluted at much lower concentrations of NaCl (less than 0.4 M). The enzyme purified by the present procedure has the following properties: (1) disc gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed two protein bands for 1000--3000-fold pure histaminase; the major band may represent a contaminant protein, while the minor band corresponded to the position of histaminase activity; (2) a 90 000 molecular weight subunit for the plasma histaminase was identified on calibrated sodium dodecyl sulfate gels; this value agrees well with previous estimations for the subunit size of human placental histaminase; (3) the purified enzyme behaved as classical histaminase (diamine oxidase) in that it was totally inhibited by low concentrations of aminoguanidine, but was less inhibited by semicarbazide and by inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, and the enzyme was active against histamine and putrescine, but not against the monoamines benzylamine and tryptamine. Also, the enzyme was strongly inhibited by NaCl. PMID- 808239 TI - Studies on beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Various isozymes in tissues of normal subjects and Sandhoff's disease patients. AB - Hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.51) activity from human liver and kidney extract was completely precipitated by anti-hexosaminidase A antiserum and 80 to 90% by anti hexosaminidase B antiserum. Immunologically distinct hexosaminidase "C" could not be detected in these tissues. The final fractions of hexosaminidase A eluted from DE-52 chromatography were resolved into several enzymatically active components by rechromatography. Compared to hexosaminidase A and B, these minor components are more anodal in polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The residual activity of hexosaminidase from liver and fibroblasts of patients with Sandhoff's disease has also been resolved into similar components. The enzyme activity of these more anodal hexosaminidase components was precipitated completely by anti hexosaminidase A anti-serum and partially by anti-hexosaminidase B antiserum. The minor, more anodal components probably represent hexosaminidase molecules having an altered ratio of subunits or the degradation products of hexosaminidase A. PMID- 808240 TI - RNA synthesis and the accumulation of guanine nucleotides during growth shift down in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. AB - Shift down of growth rate in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans by reduction of the incident light intensity produced a reduction in the rate of stable RNA accumulation which was correlated with increased concentrations of three phosphorylated compounds, two of which were identified as guanosine 5' diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate3'-diphosphate (pppGpp). The step also causes a large but transient increase in the concentration of GTP. Stable RNA fails to accumulate for a considerable length of time after the concentrations of ppGpp and pppGpp have fallen, suggesting the involvement of another mechanism in the control of stable RNA accumulation. PMID- 808241 TI - Specific death sites in a Drosophila population cage. PMID- 808242 TI - [Potassium, sodium, calcium and chlorine ion content of Spirostomum ambiguum cells]. PMID- 808243 TI - Cultural perceptions and nutritional disorders: a Jamaican case study. AB - This case study brings out differences in the way protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Jamaica is regarded by women who use medical services, women who do not, indigenous health practitioners, and trained health workers. The study reveals that women who utilize modern health clinics are able to identify appropriate techniques for reducing a child's susceptibility to PCM. But women who rely on indigenous medical services, as well as the actual providers of such services, frequently misdiagnose PCM as a "marasmi cold" and treat it as such. This treatment often involves actions which decrease the child's resistance to nutrition-related disorders. Both groups of women, and also the indigenous practitioners, provided more information about marasmus than about kwashiorkor, and often identified the latter as a form of robust good health. All of the mothers believed that improper prenatal and postnatal care would increase a child's susceptibility marasmus, although some mothers did not associate the condition with nutritional deficiency. These and other findings are used to recommend ways of organizing and disseminating information about PCM to the public at large. Such educational efforts should emphasize that food is a prime etiological and therapeutic factor, and that the quality and quantity of foods influence a child's susceptibility to PCM. Education programs, however, need not attempt to change indigenous practices which are neutral or harmless; ideas about PCM which parallel rather than conflict with traditional beliefs may stand the best chance of altering PCM incidence. It is also recommended that influential family members and native practitioners such as the nana be enlisted as local sources in the effort to provide health information about PCM. PMID- 808244 TI - Chagas' disease in El Salvador. AB - Several studies on Chagas' disease in El Salvador have supplied important epidemiologic information, including the following: (1) Rates of house infestation by triatomid vectors have ranged from 26.3 per cent to 100 per cent in various localities studied, higher rates being found in rural than in urban areas. (2) Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus are the two vectors of T. cruzi in El Salvador, with T. dimidiata predominating in localities at elevations above 600 meters and R. prolixus in those below 300 meters. (3) T. cruzi infection rates in these triatomids have ranged from 15.3 to 48.8 per cent, the average being 25.3 per cent. The average rate found for T. rangeli infection of these triatomids was 5.6 per cent. (4) T. cruzi infection in humans has been nore prevalent among rural dwellers than among urban inhibitants. Xenodiagnosis positivity rates have ranged between 3.8 and 18.4 per cent of the individuals examined. Positive reactions to the complement fixation test have ranged from 17.3 to 46.7 per cent. (5) The acute phase of the disease has been observed in both children and young adults. Nevertheless, ECG and radiologic changes appear to be less common and milder than those reported in South American countries. (6) Further studies are required in order to better define the status of Chagas' disease in El Salvador. PMID- 808245 TI - Editorial: Bacteraemia from the bowel. PMID- 808246 TI - Editorial: Benign focal epilepsy of childhood. PMID- 808247 TI - Letter: Glibenclamide-induced hypoglycaemia. PMID- 808248 TI - Distribution of levels of penicillin resistance among freshly isolated strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Application of a novel sensitivity assay. AB - A novel diffusion zone method of quantitative assay of the antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial strains was tested on freshly isolated gonococci. Smoothly variable estimates of the minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin for these strains was obtained with sufficient accuracy and precision (coefficient of variation c. 10 per cent.) by means of a simple graphical analysis and without replication. Such estimates were free from the chief sources of error associated with the commonly applied 'incorporation' and 'diffusion' methods. The method revealed that 816 isolates of gonococci obtained in the Bristol area during a 6-month period fell into a large 'sensitive' group (MIC c. 0.02 unit per ml.) and three smaller more resistant groups, and that this pattern occurred in three widely spaced centres within the area. It is suggested that the method is capable of revealing details of distribution that may be masked by the usual techniques and that it is of wide applicability. PMID- 808249 TI - A new colonial type of N. gonorrhoeae. AB - A new variant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, designated Type 1(1), is described. Colonies of the new type resemble those of Types 1 and 2 in physical characteristics but are granular with a slightly crenated edge and are a deeper gold in colour. The virulence of Type 1(1) in the chick embryo is in keeping with that of Types 1 and 2 but is significantly different from Types 3, 4, and 5. Type 1(1) could be maintained in the laboratory for 6 months, provided that daily selective subcultures were performed. In the absence of this, Type 1(1) reverted to Type 5. It was also possible to preserve the stability of Type 1(1) for long periods by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Pili have been demonstrated on the new type. PMID- 808250 TI - Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and minocycline for 300 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and minocycline were measured on 300 consecutive isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from patients attending the Nottingham treatment centre. 210 (70 per cent.) of these were fully sensitive to penicillin (MIC less than 0-1 mug./ml) and 89 per cent. were fully sensitive to minocycline (MIC less than 0-5 mug./ml.). Of the nine strains resistant to penicillin (MIC less than or equal to 0-5 mug./ml.), eight were also of reduced sensitivity to minocycline. PMID- 808251 TI - Differential susceptibility of type 1 and type 4 gonococci to chlorhexidine (Hibitane). AB - Virulent Type 1 gonococci have been shown to be much more suceptible to the killing action of Hibitane gluconate than the avirulent Type 4. Those exploring the possibility of genital prophylaxis as a means of controlling gonorrhoea might find Hibitane worthy of consideration. PMID- 808252 TI - The 'module-concept' in cerebral cortex architecture. AB - An attempt is made to bring earlier circuit models of primary sensory cortical areas into better line with recent observations on (1) the distribution of excitatory feedback connexions in cortical tissue volume, (2) putative inhibitory interneurons and the distribution of inhibition in well defined space modules, and (3) the direct (monosynaptic) cortical target cells of the specific sensory afferents, and the modes of relay to secondary neurons. Even though the concept of cortical circuitry on larger 'integrative units' containing smaller modules (or fields) of specific (excitatory and inhibitory) neuronal actions, proposed in 1967 (ref. 34) and 1969 (ref. 35), had gross deficiencies in the light of newly emerging data, the basic idea of how to look at the functional organization of the cortical neuron network may still be useful as a conceptual framework for the functional interpretation of structural data. PMID- 808253 TI - [Genetic characteristics and peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 808254 TI - [A contribution to the problems of the tuberculous focus in lung after an antituberculotic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 808255 TI - [The influence of sodium pyruvate on the isolation sensitivity and on contamination of the Lowenstein-Jensen media (author's transl)]. PMID- 808256 TI - Prolactin and breast cancer. PMID- 808257 TI - Management of disseminated neuroblastoma. PMID- 808258 TI - Proctosigmoidoscopy--age criteria for examination in the asymptomatic patient. PMID- 808259 TI - Ovarian Cancer. PMID- 808260 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of sphingolipid and mucopolysaccharide storage diseases. AB - In 4 years of 24 fetuses at risk for various sphingolipid and mucopolysaccharide storage diseases were examined. Amniocentesis at 16 weeks' gestation was followed in most cases by culture of amniotic fluid cells and measurement in the cells of the activity of the enzyme suspected to be deficient. Six fetuses were affected; five were examined morphologically and biochemically after abortion. Two fetuses had Tay-Sachs disease, two had GM1 gangliosidosis and one had Hurler's syndrome. Although in each affected detus the specific enzyme activity was absent, we found in the placenta 5 to 50% of the normal activity. PMID- 808261 TI - World health problems. PMID- 808262 TI - The cost of malnutrition in Canada. PMID- 808263 TI - Hemophagocytic reticulosis. A case report with investigations of immune and white cell function. AB - A 5-month-old child with hemophagocytic reticulosis is described. Investigations revealed a grossly defective PHA response of the patient's lymphocytes which improved with chemotherapy. Defective glucose oxidation by phagocytosing cells and low IgA levels were demonstrated at diagnosis and have persisted despite chemotherapy. HL-A typing and chromosome studies did not reveal maternal lymphocytes in the child's circulation. The patient was treated with vinblastine and prednisolone and remains well after 11 months of treatment. PMID- 808264 TI - New concepts in the management of primary breast cancer. PMID- 808265 TI - Rehabilitation of the breast cancer patient. AB - No program concerned with the management of the patient with breast cancer can today be considered complete without including a program for effective rehabilitation. Programs for rehabilitation must consider the physical, functional, vocational, and sociopsychological needs of the breast cancer patient. More effective rehabilitation can be achieved by careful attention to details in the preoperative period, during the operation, in the immediate postoperative period, and in long-term followup. Attention of these details may be helpful in preventing significant lymphedema. To accomplish effective rehabilitation of the breast cancer patient, a team effort is required, working in harmony usually under the direction of the surgeon. An important member of the rehabilitation team is the mastectomy volunteer, who visits the new mastectomy patient in the immediate postoperative period as part of the American Cancer Society's "Reach to Recovery" program. All members of the medical team must develop a relationship with the patient and the family, which enables support to be provided with an attitude of hope and encouragement. PMID- 808266 TI - Advances in the management of gynecologic cancer--radiation therapy. AB - Much progress has been made in the utilization of radiation therapy techniques in the management of gynecologic malignancies. However, new techniques will continue to emerge for the management of these disease processes. At this time, high LET radiation is particularly exciting, as are the potential possibilities for combined modality therapy. It is the expressed hope that these techniques will lead to imporved results in terms of management. The appropriate management for carcinoma of the uterus is excellent for the early stages, but treatments for later stages of the disease are not settled at this time. The high probability of involvement of periaortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the cervix warrants a more appropriate look at the treatment techniques to be employed in the management of this disease, if the maximum potential for cure is expected. In carcinoma of the ovary, various factors influencing the ultimate prognosis have now been identified; these must be taken into consideration when planning treatment. If carcinoma is known or thought to have been left in the pelvis only, vigorous postoperative pelvic irradiation is mandatory. There isvidence to suggest, however, that equally good results can be obtained in those series by the utilization of chemotherapy. In view of the frequency of seeding to the peritoneum, whole abdominal irradiation should be considered for Stage IB through Stage III carcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 808267 TI - Support systems for the patient with cancer: future prospects. AB - Bleeding and infection are the usual proximate causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy and many solid tumors. The most important cause of bleeding is thrombocytopenia. The use of immunologically matched platelets has rendered this complication less frequent. Host defenses against infection are often compromised unavoidably as a function of the primary disease and its therapy. However, it is important to note that many infections are caused by hospital-acquired organisms; a significant number of infections can be avoided with meticulous attention to possible breaches of the host barriers against invasion. Diagnosis and treatment of infection in the altered host are urgent and demanding, since the median survival with inappropriate therapy of bacterial sepsis is less than 3 days. Newer diagnostic techniques, such as the gallium scan, are helpful, as are antimicrobial combinations used empirically. Experimental approaches to the prevention of infection include antibacterial vaccines, the use of laminar air-flow isolation, and transplantation of bone marrow. Experimental approaches to the therapy of infection include leukocyte transfusion and the use of transfer factor. A discussion of supportive care must also include consideration of the psychosocial concomitants of the cancer process, particularly those factors in the doctor-patient relationship which promote anxiety in the physician to the end that his support of the patient is not effective. PMID- 808268 TI - Elevation of histaminase and its concurrence with Regan isoenzyme in ovarian cancer. AB - Histaminase has been shown to be associated with several types of human cancer. In the present study, we examined the activity of histaminase and its relationship with Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in ascitic fluids obtained from patients with ovarian and several other types of cancer. We have found that about 44% of the ovarian cancer patients had elevated levels of histaminase in the ascitic fluid, whereas a less frequent incidence was observed in fluids obtained from other types of cancer. There was concurrence in the elevation of histaminase activity with the appearance of Regan isoenzyme in most of the samples examined. Of the 10 patients who showed elevated histaminase, 9 had high Regan isoenzyme activity; whereas in 9 patients with normal levels of histaminase, all except 1 had low or moderate levels of Regan isoenzyme activity. These results, therefore, confirm the observation of an association of histaminase with human cancer and suggest the possibility for the utilization of histaminase, in conjunction with Regan isoenzyme and cancer-associated proteins, for cancer diagnosis and clinical evaluation of tumor progression and regression during therapy. PMID- 808269 TI - Characterization of a rat lung microsomal fraction obtained by sepharose 2B ultrafiltration. AB - A new procedure for obtaining rat lung microsomes essentially free of interfering hemoproteins has been developed. The method includes Sepharose 2B column chromatography of the 12,000 X g supernatant of lung homogenates, followed by ultracentrifugation of the material eluted in the void volume. Microsomes isolated in this manner contain specific levels of cytochromes b5 and P-450 and of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase that are among the highest ever reported for a rat lung microsomal fraction. After treatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene, the specific content of cytochrome P-450 in lung microsomes is doubled and that of cytochrome b5 increases 1.5 times. Several spectral differences between hepatic and lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 are apparent. In lung microsomes, the maximum of the reduced CO-bound cytochrome complex in a difference spectrum is at 453 nm for the noninduced hemoprotein and shifts to 451 nm after 3 methylcholanthrene induction. In contrast, no significant change in the ethylisocyanide difference spectra of reduced microsomes is obtained after induction; moreover, the spectra obtained with induced and noninduced cytochrome P-450 are similar to the one shown by hepatic microsomes from polycyclic hydrocarbon-treated rats. Furthermore, spectrophotometric studies on n-octylamine binding to control and induced lung cytochrome P-450 yielded results different from those previously obtained with rabbit liver microsomes. It is concluded that the cytochrome P-450 present in rat lung microsomes before and after 3 methylcholanthrene treatment of the animals is distinctly different from the liver hemoprotein. PMID- 808270 TI - Toxicity and antitumor activity of hexamethylmelamine and its N-demethylated metabolites in mice with transplantable tumors. AB - N-Demethylated metabolites of the antineoplastic agent hexamethylmelamine were synthesized, and their toxicities and antitumor activities were determined in vivo. Determinations of the lethal dose for 10% of the male C57BL X DBA/2 F1 (hereafter called BD2F1) mice showed hexamethylmelamine toxicity to be decreased by N-demethylation; the metabolites showed a direct relationship between potency (mmoles/kg/day) and number of methyl groups present. In BD2F1 mice bearing Sarcoma 180 or Lewis lung carcinoma, the antitumor activities of the methylmelamines decreased with a reduction in number of methyl groups, but were similar at equitoxic levels. Results were similar in L1210 leukemic mice treated with lethal dose levels of the metabolites for 10% of the mice when mean survival times were measured. The therapeutic equality produced with equitoxic levels, together with the ineffectiveness of melamine, suggested that the presence of a methyl group, rather than the number, was the determining factor in the antitumor activity of the methylmelamines. PMID- 808271 TI - [Our experiences with thyroxin level determination by means of thyro-con sets (author's transl)]. PMID- 808273 TI - Regular arrangement of restriction sites in Drosophila DNA. AB - When DNA of Drosophila melanogaster is digested to completion with Hemophilus aegyptius restriction endonuclease, the majority of the products are DNA segments whose lengths fits a random distribution with an average of 350 base pairs. However, some 10% of the DNA is recovered as various segments of discrete lengths, ranging from 30,000 to 365 base pairs. These segments arise from the regular spacing of the enzyme restriction sites in limited portions of the Drosophila genome. Three segments have been shown to originate from mitochondrial DNA, while all the others can be assigned to one or more isopycnic density classes of nuclear DNA. Five of the discrete fragments display modular lengths, each being an integral multiple of a 365 base pairs subunit. The relative frequencies of these multiple segments suggest that they are derived from DNA originally containing restriction sites every 365 base pairs, and that approximately 25% of these sites have been randomly inactivated. PMID- 808272 TI - Polar appearance and nonligand induced spreading of measles virus hemagglutinin at the surface of chronically infected cells. AB - Fixation with glutaraldehyde (GA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA) preserved measles virus hemagglutinin at the surface of chronically infected cells. Cells fixed with PFA but not with GA exhibited hemadsorption with green monkey cells. PFA fixation, in contrast to GA fixation, also preserved the immunogenicity of measles virus hemolysin. These fixatives and the removal of the measles virus hemagglutinin from the cell surface by trypsin enabled studies of the appearance of the hemagglutinin at the surface membrane. Results obtained by immunofluorescence technique and by hemadsorption indicated that measles virus hemagglutinin appeared polarly at the cell membrane and then spread around the surface. This was substantiated by measurements of the immunofluorescence intensity at the single cell level per membrane unit and per cell, and by measuring the binding of iodinated immunoglobulins per 10(6) cells. The appearance was inhibited by sodium azide and cytochalasin B. The spreading was not inhibited by sodium azide, but was influenced by cytochalasin B. The spreading did not proceed at 4 degrees C. On the basis of these findings, a hypothetical model for appearance and spreading of measles virus hemagglutinin was proposed. PMID- 808274 TI - [Sensitivity of rectal strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics]. PMID- 808275 TI - [Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum)]. PMID- 808277 TI - [The esophagus, osmoregulatory organ of the euryhaline teleost, the eel (Anguilla anguilla L)]. PMID- 808276 TI - [Mechanisms of phosphate ion absorption in chlorella: the effect of N ethylmaleimide (NEM) on phosphate transport]. AB - N-ethylmaleimide was found to inhibit phosphate uptake in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. For very short incubation times, this inhibitor seems to react only with the surface of cells. In this case, inorganic phosphate provides protection against the effect of NEM. PMID- 808278 TI - [Morphogenesis of the anterior limb primordium and its histochemical aspects in the pleurodele and the axolotl]. AB - In both species, the primary mesodermal blastema of the forelimb bud derives from a regional proliferation of somatopleural cells under the ectoderm. A cellular sheet of somitic origin invades the limb blastema early. Morphological and histochemical changes suggest the establishment of early ecto-mesodermal interactions in the young limb bud. PMID- 808279 TI - [Influence of colchicine on the effects of acetylcholine and pilocarpine on isolated ventricle of the ammocete Lampetra planeri (Bloch)]. AB - Colchicine inhibits the positive chronotopic effects of acetylcholine and of pilocarpine of the isolated ammocoete heart ventricle. This positive chronotropic effect is due to a release of catecholamines from the chromaffin cells of the lamprey heart. The action of colchicine, which does not result from its curare like effect, suggests that acetylcholine induces release of catecholamines by exycytosis. PMID- 808280 TI - [Effects of milking on plasma levels of somatotropic hormone in sheep and goats]. AB - Growth hormone is released after hand-milking in the Ewe and in the Goat. Species, individual and diurnal variations are observed as well as during the lactation period. PMID- 808281 TI - [RNA polymerase activity associated with a bunya virus (Lumbo)]. AB - RNA dependent RNA polymerase has been demonstrated in purified Lumbo virus (Bunyavirus) which contains a single stranded segmented RNA. Divalent cations (Mn++ and Mg++) are required for optimal in vitro activity. Reaction products can be specifically annealed with the viral genome. PMID- 808282 TI - [The in vivo synthesis of ribonucleic acid in the imaginal wing discs during Calliphora erythrocephala development]. PMID- 808284 TI - [NN-dimethylbiguanide attenuates the lipid disorders of rats on an atherogenic diet]. AB - NN-dimethylbiguanide in rats fed a high cholesterol diet reduces lipidemia and liver cholesterol. In addition, this drug decreases the level of liver cholesterol in rats on a high cholesterol and high glyceride diet. PMID- 808283 TI - [Electron microscopic demonstration of links between DNA filaments and fibrillar areas of nucleolar RNA in interphase nuclei of L 929 cells]. AB - Electronic opacification by DAB, following ribonuclease digestion, allowed us to observe a network of DNA filaments which appeared in close relation with both intranucleolar clumps of DNA on one hand, and with the nucleolar fibrillar RNA structure on the other hand. It is inferred that the ribosomal genes may be located on these filaments of DNA. PMID- 808286 TI - [Inward currents of crab striated muscle fiber measured by the voltage clamp technique with microelectrodes]. AB - Membrane currents during depolarisation steps were determined by a method in which three electrodes were inserted near the end of the crab's striated muscular fibre. The value of the reversal potential for the early current appears to be consistent with the calcium equilibrium potential. This early transient inward current is abolished by manganese. The value of about +120mV is consistent with the level of internal free Ca++ ions, as generally tested by different authors. PMID- 808285 TI - [The response of the hypophysis to exogenous Gn-RH during the annual reproductive cycle of the carp Cyprinus carpio L]. AB - The response of the hypophysis to injection of homologous hypothalamic extract and of LH-RH was studied during the reproductive cycle of the Carp Cyprinus carpio L. It is maximal during the summer months, during the reproductive period. It is nil or weak during winter, the period of sexual inactivity. It appears in April-May when gametogenesis is initiated and the water temperature increase. PMID- 808287 TI - [The effect of the flowers of Allium porrum L. on the development of the leek moth (Acrolepia assectella Zeller, Lepidoptera)]. PMID- 808288 TI - [Kinetic, radiographic, and histologic demonstration of the curing of congenital osteopetrosis in rats]. AB - In the "op" rat congenital osteopetrosis is a lethal condition. The management of this disease can be achieved by a single injection of a marrow cell suspension from a normal donor or by temporary parabiosis with a normal Rat, the latter procedure being less efficient than the former according to kinetic, roentgenographical and histological examinations. PMID- 808289 TI - [Variations in the lipid and fatty acid composition of cardiac tissue during perfusion of hearts isolated from rats on a high colza oil diet]. AB - After perfusion, during one hour, of isolated working hearts extracted from Rats fed (60 days) with diet containing 15% of rapeseed oil, we have found a decrease of triglycerides and phosphatidic-cardiolipin fractions, particularly of fractions containing erucic acid. In contrast with this finding, lipids and phospholipids of hearts from Rat feed with peanut oil is not decreased and fatty acid composition slightly altered. PMID- 808290 TI - [Purification, properties, and regulation of the biosynthesis of a periplasmic peptidase in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 808292 TI - [The effect in vitro of nitrous oxide on the dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin]. PMID- 808291 TI - [Diminution of carbon tetrachloride toxicity by the simultaneous administration of NN' diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine]. AB - Oral toxicity of an oily preparation of carbon tetrachloride is considerably lowered by association with NN' diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine according to a given ponderal ratio with CCl4. The results are discussed with regard to the other authors' reports. PMID- 808293 TI - [Virus-free plants obtained by culture in vitro of anthers from tobacco plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus]. PMID- 808294 TI - [The effect of cortisone on lympho-reticular cells with specific enzyme activity of the white pulp of rat spleen]. AB - By its destructive effect on the small lymphocyte, cortisone was used to separate the T-lymphocyte from other cells which might be found in the same areas. A reticular cell showing a predominant 5' nucleotidasic activity distinct from that of the phosphatasic acid appeared to be a component of the thymus-dependent areas in the splenic white pulp of Rat. Specific correlations seem to exist between this reticular cell and T-lymphocytes. This histoenzymatic feature involves the reticular cell in the process of maturation of the small lymphocyte. PMID- 808295 TI - [Platelet membrane glycoprotein defect, molecular basis for the abnormal adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium in thrombocytic hemorrhagic dystrophy]. AB - A large reduction in the staining capacity of a glycoprotein of 155 000 M.W. was observed in the platelets of 2 macrogiant platelets syndrome patients, associated with a reduced platelet adhesion to rabbit aorta subendothelium and with the presence of von Willebrand protein on these platelets as revealed by an antihuman factor VIII-Von Willebrand protein rabbit antibody. These results led the authors to propose a strong hypothesis on the role of this glycoprotein rich in sialic acid - in platelet adhesion to subendothelium. PMID- 808296 TI - [In vitro infection of Chinese cabbage protoplasts by the turnip yellow mosaic virus]. PMID- 808297 TI - [Description, cytochemistry, and electron microscopic autoradiography of nucleolar granular spheres and micronucleoli of lizard (Lacerta vivipara Jacquin) pyriform cells]. AB - The granular spheres are constituted of granules of 300-350 A and show a higher contrast than the nucleolar part where they are localised. The micronucleoli consist of fine fibrils. These two structures contain RNP. A relation between the granular spheres and the degeneration of the pyriform cells is suggested. The RNP of the micronucleoli, probably synthesized on perinucleolar DNA, migrate into cytoplasm. PMID- 808299 TI - [Combined action of juvenile hormone and ecdysterone on Drosophila cell lines in vitro]. AB - The action of juvenile hormone used alone or combined with ecdysterone was studied on in vitro diploid cell lines or clones of Drosophila. The solubility of juvenile hormone in the culture medium was estimated to be 10(-8) M. At this concentration, which can be considered as physiological, juvenile hormone slows down the process of ecdysone-induced morphological modifications of the cells. This action is reversible. Concentrations of about 10(-4) M inhibit all reactions to ecdysterone and bring about the death of the cells. This effect is probably non-specific. PMID- 808298 TI - [The effect of exogenous catecholamines on the cardiac rhythm and thermoregulation of hibernating hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus L.)]. AB - No disturbance was seen either in cardiac rhythm or in temperature of hibernating Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) after an isotonic saline injection, with the help of a permanent aortic indwelling catheter. Partial or complete arousal was quickly obtained after increasing doses of norepinephrine (NE), while dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), its natural precursor, induced the same effects more slowly. To differentiate the peripheral and central effects of L-Dopa, we used a pretreatment of Ro 4-4602, an inhibitor of the peripheral decarboxylation of L-Dopa; under these conditions we could not induce arousal in the hibernating animals. The arousals observed after NE and L-Dopa administration are suggested to be dependent upon a peripheral action of exogenous catecholamines, copying a natural mobilization of catecholamines reserves. PMID- 808300 TI - [Specificity of the response of monogamous and polygamous Scolytidae to the attraction exerted by digestive residues (feces)]. AB - This paper will emphasize studies of sex attractant in the polygamus species of Scolytidae genus (Phloeosinus, Pityogenes, Pityophthorus) and monogamus species genus Cryphalus, Blastophagus. The secondary attractant or "sex pheromone" was localized in the frass material produced by male beetle in polygamus bark beetles and by female in monogamus species; pheromone specificity has been studied in differents species Phloeosinus, Pityogenes, Pityophthorus, etc. This specificity was evaluated by exposing groups of female beetles to comparable quantities of frass from male polygamus bark beetles. PMID- 808301 TI - [Resistance to starvation in insects: importance of the amount of lipid reserves in adult Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - At 25 degrees C, mean survival duration of adults starved after emergence varied from 58 to 112 hours, according to genotype and larval growth conditions. This duration was highly correlated with the amount of lipids. The great variability in the amount of lipids (from 15 to 35% of initial dry weight) seems to have an adaptative significance for adult survival in natural conditions. PMID- 808302 TI - [The role of the gonads in the maturation of corticotropic function in rats]. AB - The rates of pituitary and adrenals growth, in male and female Rats, are reversed at puberty. It seems that the stress induced plasma corticosterone increase is inhibited by testis before puberty and stimulated by ovarian after puberty. PMID- 808303 TI - [Cardiotropic effects of C 18 synthetic juvenile hormone of Hyalophora cecropia on Locusta migratoria L]. AB - C 18 Cecropia juvenile hormone injected at doses of 50 and 100 mug/animal in larval instar and of 200 mug/animal in the adults, increases the heartbeat of the fifth instar and males and females of Locusta migratoria in the same way as the implantation of one pair of corpora allata. PMID- 808304 TI - [Subcellular localization of the adenyl cyclase system in circulating human lymphocytes]. PMID- 808305 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of several constituants of limb buds in the embryos of the slowworm (Anguis fragilis L.) and the green lizard (Lacerta viridis Laur.)]. AB - Ultrastructural characteristics of the cells of the apical crest, of the mesoblast and of the ventral processes of somites, in the anlage of the anterior limb buds of embryos of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) and of the green lizard (Lacerta viridis) are described at early stages of the development. Differences between the two species studied are brought to light. PMID- 808306 TI - [Protection of a naive rat from consuming a solution by a congeneric rat which has learned to refuse it]. AB - When a rat drinks a solution of lithium chloride, it learns once and for all to refuse solutions of similar (salty) taste. In the presence of a naive rat, rats treated with lithium chloride develop an "eviction" behaviour which makes them push the naive rat away from the saline. The result is a "protection" of the naive rat, made apparent from a fall in the consumption of the solution offered. PMID- 808307 TI - [Toxicity of boiled linseed oil administered to rats during the reproductive period]. PMID- 808308 TI - [A paragonial substance extracted from spermatophores of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Isolation of the active fraction]. AB - A compound responsible for the stimulation of oogenesis observed after copulation is present in the spermatophores produced by the male accessory glands of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus. A purified biologically active fraction of low molecular weight has been obtained by repeated chromatographies on "Sephadex" columns. PMID- 808309 TI - [Biological interactions between viruses and their hosts. Particular case of ivy virus]. AB - Viruses may be compared with parasites; in spite of the deep differences between these two concepts, both parasites and viruses limit the possibilities of their host. In the peculiar case of the Ivy, the specific virus seems to remain always very rare and by its wholly stimulating action, would rather play the role of a symbiote. PMID- 808310 TI - [A computer-directed measuring device to analyse pathological gaits]. AB - The clinical observation of the walk is still the only current way to define the limp, but is obviously quite a rough valuation. Taking advantage of previous studies and recent improvements in electronics, the authors have built a measuring unit-including a computer-designed for daily clinical use. This unit provides in a few minutes the variations of the ground reaction to the human body during the walk, and the displacement of the point to which this reaction is applied. Seven to ten patients per hour may be examined, including previous analysis of the results by the computer. PMID- 808311 TI - [Ultraviolet irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisia: variations during meiosis in survival and in the induction of the cytoplasmic "petite" mutation]. AB - Cyclic variations in sensitivity to killing and cytoplasmic "petite' (p-) induction by ultraviolet light occur during the meiosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maximal sensitivity to killing coincides with the period of meiotic nuclear DNA synthesis. Cyclic fluctuations in p- induction could not be correlated with known meiotic events and the pattern could vary temporarily from batch to batch. A dark liquid holding of irradiated cells aided the repair of lethal lesions but on the other hand an enhancement of "petite" induction was observed at all meiotic stages. PMID- 808312 TI - [Caudal regeneration in the presence of a supplemental nerve cord grafted dorsally in Nereis pelagica L. (Annelida Polychaeta)]. AB - In Nereis pelagica, the existence of an additional nerve cord grafted dorsally induces the differentiation on the dorsal face of the regenerate of a supernumerary area with ventral characteristics, provided the grafted nerve cord regenerates posteriorly. These results led us to think that the dorse-ventral differentiation of the body wall doesn't depend upon the nature of the stump region but is controlled by the nerve cord regenerating in the area. PMID- 808313 TI - [The polymorphism of the polytene chromosomes of Bilobella aurantiaca Caroli (Collemboles) and its biogeographic and ecologic significance]. AB - Collembola Bilobella aurantiaca lives in forest biotopes all around the western Mediterranean sea; it shows a great polymorphism of polytene Chromosomes (2n = 14). This polymorphism is founded on differences of band-pattern and overall on alpha-heterochromatic overcharges at certain points. Examples are given for the chromosome VI. The chorology of this species does not permit an explanation of the division of most of the chromosomal types which seem to be closely linked with the ecological components of the biotopes. PMID- 808314 TI - [Assay of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)]. AB - Corticosterone and cortisol are assayed by fluorometry after separation of the corticoids by chromatography on silica gel in the plasma and in the adrenals of golden Hamster brought up in the laboratory. The ratio cortisol : corticosterone is 2.7 in the plasma and 2.8 in the adrenals. PMID- 808315 TI - [Lactogenic and serum prolactin-like activity of the ewe placenta during gestation]. AB - Lactogenic activity of ovine placenta on the ovine mammary gland is demonstrated by in vitro experiments. Variations of this prolactin-like activity is measured daily during second half of pregnancy. Respective possible roles of ovine placental lactogen and prolactin are discussed. PMID- 808316 TI - [Relationship between estrogens during gestation, birth weight, and later growth in Charolaise calves]. AB - In Charolais breed linear relationships were found between the oestrogen level in plasma of cows at 220 days of pregnancy and the birth weight (r = .84) and the daily gain of weight from 1-180 days (r=.87). PMID- 808317 TI - [Intrageneric variability in the size and shape of insect eggs. Biometric study in 20 drosophila species]. PMID- 808318 TI - [Role of fumarase in the induction of aspartate-ammonium lyase of Pseudomonas fluorescens]. AB - The biosynthesis of aspartate-ammonium lyase of Pseudomonas fluorescens type R, induced by aspartic acid, is controlled by the concentration of fumaric acid which is dependent on fumarase. The activity of fumarase is unaffected by the induction of aspartase. PMID- 808319 TI - [Chemically controlled depolymerization of beta hydroxybutyric lipids (PHB) in Bacillus megaterium. Isolation and structure of the oligomers of D(-)beta hydroxybutyric acid]. AB - Partial depolymerisation of PHB by chemical means to the appearance of homologous polymers from PHB constituted of short carbon chains and oligomers which represent the first elements of this macromolecule. The chemical structure of these oligomers ranging from dimer to heptamer has been essentially deduced from their mass spectrum and then confirmed by studying their physical, chemical and biological properties. PMID- 808321 TI - [Preliminary study of the survival in anaerobiosis of nematode larva Heterodera oryzae (Tylenchida; Heteroderidae)]. AB - Some effects of anaerobiosis in second stage larvae of the nematode Heterodera oryzae have been investigated by means of measurements of survival, oxygen consumption and dry weight. Anaerobiosis induces an oxygen debt in larvae, reduces the consumption of their food reserves and increases their longevity. PMID- 808322 TI - [A paragonial substance extracted from spermatophores of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera Bruchidae). Effects on female reproduction]. AB - A paragonial substance extracted from the spermatophores is purified by repeated chromatographies on "Sephadex" columns. This substance is diluted in physiological serum and injected into the abdomen of virgin females. Concentrations of paragonial substance from 0,4 to 0,8 mug/mul stimulate oogenesis. Higher concentrations (1,5 to 3 mug/mul) have a toxic effect and cause serious mortality. PMID- 808320 TI - [Monoclonal human immunoglobulin (IgG lambda) with antiethinylestradiol activity, oral contraceptives, and arterial pulmonary thrombosis]. AB - In a 36-year-old woman taking an oral contraceptive containing 50 mug of ethinyloestradiol each day, a pulmonary arterial thrombosis and a monoclonal gammapathia were associated. The monoclonal IgI lambda Mai... was prepared. When purified, this IgG lambda binds ethinyloestradiol with strong affinity (Ka= 2.7 times 10(7)M-1) and also 17-beta-oestradiol with a little less affinity (Ka = 0.4 times 10(7)M-1. For those ligands each IgG lambda Mai... molecule has two sites of same affinity and specificity so that a Scatchard plot of the experimental values gives a straight line. It is likely that the antibody sites of the IgG lambda Mai... are the binding sites. These facts support the hypothesis of an immunological mechanism of the thromboembolic disease which may be induced by oral contraceptives. PMID- 808324 TI - [Retinal projections in Caiman sclerops. Autoradiographic study]. AB - The retinal projections in Caiman sclerops have been re-examined using the radio autographic method for tracing axonal pathways. Following the intraocular injection of a mixture of [3H]proline and [3H]fucose, label transported in the rapid phase of axonal flow was found only on controlateral side to the injection in the nuceli, supra-opticus, ovalis, geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis and pars ventralis, geniculatus pretectalis, lentiformis mesencephali, griseus tectalis, opticus tegmenti and in the superficial layers of the tectum opticum (layers 1 to 6). Label transported in the slow phase confirms the absence of an ipsilateral optic component. No controlateral retinofugal fasicule crossing over in the posterior commissure as previously described in this species using the Nauta method (3) was observed. In comparison with degeneration study in Caiman sclerops (3) the radio-autographic results demonstrated more accurately the sites of termination of retinofugal fibers. PMID- 808323 TI - [Ultrastructure of Sertoli cells in male rats treated with "misulban" and stilbestrol]. AB - The seminiferous tubulars of rats testis, subject to the action of Misulban during their foetal life, contain only Sertoli cells and constitute a good model for their study. From the ultrastructural point of view, these cells present several important mitochondria of tubular crest from, an abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus well developed, a cytoplasm rich in ribosomes, Lipids droplets and intercellular junctions whose number increases with age. The administration of diethylstilbestrol, which inhibits gonadotropic and androgenic secretions reduces the signs of activity in the Sertoli cells. PMID- 808326 TI - [A cytoplasmic virus in the scorpion Buthus occitanus Amoreux]. AB - Isometric virus particles, 60 nm in diameter, have been isolated from diseased scorpions. The virus is pathogenic after ingestion. Its morphogenesis occurs in the cytoplasm of hepatopancreas cells which are totally destroyed at the end of the disease. PMID- 808325 TI - [The fast of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica J.F. Miller) on the Isle of the Possession (46 degrees 25' South, 51 degrees 045' East]. AB - During the fast, ponderal decrease and energy expenditure of captive King Penguins are minimal for the incubating adults, and maximal for the moulting birds who are producing their new plumage and whose insulation is reduced at that time. Whatever their conditions, the slope of the ponderal decrease curve is uniform before reaching a critical zone. On the other hand, it is independent of the seasons for the unemployed birds. PMID- 808327 TI - (-)-(minus) PMID- 808329 TI - [Spontaneous growth of suspended hamster embryonic cells transformed in vitro by methyl-7 benzo(a)anthracene]. AB - A transformed and malignant cell line was obtained by treatment of secondary hamster embryo cells with 7-methyl benz(a)anthracene (10 mug/ml of medium). Later on these cells acquired the capacity to grow spontaneously in suspension and form "spheroids". The evolution of this cell line showed similarities between the carcinogenic process in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 808328 TI - [The sensitivity of chickens, compared to other animal species, to the classic inducers of cytochrome P-450]. PMID- 808330 TI - [Establishment of a primary culture of cells from embryonic tissue of Loliyo vulgaris L.(Cephalopod)]. AB - The author studies the behaviour in vitro of organ fragments of Loligo vulgaris embryos at hatching stage. These fragments are maintained in three different media. The time of survival of cells is 20 to 25 days in the medium I(sea water), 40 days in the medium II(perivitellin fluid) and 70 to 80 days in the medium II(perivetellin fluid + horse serum). It is this medium III that the original explant is transformed into a typical primary cell culture. PMID- 808331 TI - [Differentiation factors of active zones of presynaptic membranes]. AB - The differentiation of the subsynaptic areas depends very probably on a local influence exerted by the axon terminals; but conversely, as suggested by obervations on the development of neuromuscular junctions of "fast" and "slow" muscle fibres in Anura, complementing the results of previous degeneration experiments on frog muscles, the subsynaptic areas might intervene in the differentiation of "active zones" of presynaptic membranes. PMID- 808332 TI - [Modes of appearance of giant spontaneous potentials induced by vinblastine on the isolated preparation of frog muscle]. AB - Vinblastine induces reversible changes of the spontaneous release of ACh at the fro,neuromuscular junction characterized by the appearance of "giant" potentials. These large potentials occur soon after soaking the muscle in Vinblastine and are not consecutive to a large increase of the spontaneous release. They seem to serive from the release of big packets of ACh which could be elaborated from preexistent quantal units. PMID- 808333 TI - [Control of the respiration in teleostean fish: respiratory reactions to abrupt changes in the oxygenation of the medium]. AB - In the trench, carp and trout, an abrupt change in the partial pressure of ambient oxygen leads to a change in arterial oxygen tension which, within 1.5-2.6 seconds, elicits cardiac and ventilatory reactions. By their short latency, these responses may be explained as a modification of chemoreceptor activity, and resemble respiratory chremoreflexes of higher vertebrates. PMID- 808334 TI - [Effect of acetaldehyde upon the oxidative degradation of glucose by baker's yeast]. AB - Acetaldehyde and glucose are simultaneously oxided by baker's yeast. By the use of 14C-U-glucose, as well as 14C-1 or 14C-6 glucose, it has been possible to demonstrate that glucose oxidation can partially be substituted by acetaldehyde oxidation. Acetaldehyde increases the 14C-1/14C-6 ratio of the evolved carbon dioxide, thus stimulating the amount of glucose degraded by the phosphogluconate route and decreasing the amount metabolised by the glycolytic pathway. PMID- 808335 TI - [Culture of dissociated cells from cerebral hemisphere of essentially neuronal make up]. AB - Four methods are described to obtain pure neuronal cultures from chick embryo cerebral hemispheres. In our experimental conditions the proliferation of the glial cells in inhibited and cultures of either low or high neuronal density are obtained. The isolated neurons, however, did not survive longer than 8 to 10 days; the contact with glial cells seems to be necessary for the maintenance of the neurons in long-term cultures. PMID- 808336 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of bovine serum progesterone]. AB - Radioimmunoassay determination of plasma progesterone in the cow without chromatographic purification was developed. The level ranged from 0.6 ng/ml during estrus to 6.4 ng/ml during the luteal phase. The progesterone level declined rapidly 48 to 72 h before estrus beginning. PMID- 808337 TI - [Demonstration of repeated sequences of DNA complementary to polysomic messenger RNA from chicken liver]. AB - Radioactive nuclear DNA from chicken cells was fractionated according to their frequency of reiteration. By hybridization with an excess of purified polysomal mRNA, the proportion of repetitious DNA hybridized, greatly exceeded that of non repetitious DNA. PMID- 808338 TI - [Ultrastructure, development and nucleic acid of the S virus from the decapod crustacea Macropipus depurator L]. AB - The "S" crabe virus recently isolated from Macropipus depurator (Decapoda) has been purified and its nucleic acid has been recognized as a DNA. The visualization of the structure and of several phases of the cycle of the virus permits to situate this virus near the Bunyavirus and Paramyxovirus groups. PMID- 808339 TI - [RNA-fragments, necessary primers for the in vitro replication of DNA]. AB - Partial degradation of ribosomal RNAs (E. coli rich in purine nucleotides) by different ribonucleases gives rise to the appearance of several families of RNA fragments which after separation on "Sephadex G 25" were analyzed for base ratio, size and biological activity. In the presence of DNA dependent DNA polymerase, RNA-fragments act as primers for in vitro replication of DNAs from numerous sources. PMID- 808340 TI - [Production of a dialysable transfer factor of cell mediated immunity by lymphoblastoid cells in continuous proliferation]. AB - Four lymphoblastoid cell lines tested in this work contain normally a dialysable moiety having by ultraviolet spectroscopy, column chromatography (Biogel P 10) and chemically the same properties than human dialysable Transfer Factor (TFd), but unable to transfer cell mediated immune response against common antigens. Two of them are able to do so after incubation with minimal amounts of TFd. Production of a molecule identical to human TFd is possible in some lymphoblastoid cell lines after induction with TFd. PMID- 808341 TI - [A distribution law for microfilaria ingested by mosquitoes biting human carriers. Preliminary results]. PMID- 808342 TI - [Comparitive development of the olfactory and Jacobson organ sensory epithelia in lepidosaurians]. PMID- 808343 TI - [Ciliary model of the development of the photoreceptor in Ischyropsalis luteipes (Opiliones, Arachnida)]. PMID- 808344 TI - [The effect of cauterization of the pars intercerebralis on the reproduction of Leucophaea maderae (F.)]. AB - The cauterization of the dorsal region of the protocerebrum containing the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis and probably the inhibitory nervous centre reestablishes the vitellogenesis and oviposition in the females of Leucophaea maderae reared without males. 82 per cent of the ovocytes mature in these females. Furthermore, abnormalities observed in the formation of the oothecae suggest that the oviposition mechanism is disturbed. PMID- 808345 TI - [The role of the prothoracic glands in the production of ecdysone during the last larval instar of Locusta migratoria L]. AB - Tritiated cholesterol is rapidly converted to labelled ecdysone in vitro by prothoracic glands from last instar larvae of Locusta at the time of the maximum endogenous hormone increase of the insects. Glands from larvae with low hormone content or fat body fragments do not make similar conversions. PMID- 808346 TI - [The ultrastructure of Electrophorus electricus spinal electromotoneurons, with or without acetylcholinesterase activity]. AB - The acetylcholinesterase-rich neurons existing in the electromotor nucleus (EMN or "CMD") of the spinal cord of the Electrophorus electricus exhibit the presence of numerous chemical synapses on their surfaces, whereas the neurons without enzymatic activity which occupy the major part of the grey matter of the EMN are characterized by electrical synapses. PMID- 808347 TI - [DDT and the germ cell population of embryonic bird gonads. Treatment of the eggs at different incubation stages]. AB - According to the date of treatment by DDT of chick and quail eggs, the germ population of embryonic gonads is more or less reduced. Administered before incubation, the pesticide provokes a strong decrease in the number of gonocytes: at a later stage (the beginning or the end of germ migration), the DDT does not exert a significant effect. On the other hand, in all the cases, the rate of degenerative germ cells is superior to the control one. PMID- 808348 TI - [The rate of induction of estrogen synthesis in male chick embryos treated with estradiol]. AB - When cultured in vitro in the presence of 14-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone, the testes from 8-day-old chick embryos treated with oestradiol benzoate at 6 days synthesize radioactive oestrone and oestradiol within 24 hours. Radioactive oestradiol forms also, within 24 hours, when the 8-day-old testis is simultaneously cultured in the presence of 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone and nonradioactive oestradiol. PMID- 808349 TI - [Two new interspecific hybrids of Chrysocarabus auronitens cupreonitens Chevr. (Coleoptera. Carab.)]. PMID- 808350 TI - [The origin of the locomotor and trophic activities in the young wolf-fish Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (Pisces Perranidae)]. AB - The spontaneous activities of a fixed type shown by the larvae of D. l. are at the beginning random (at least apparently) and not directed. The rheotactism which appears as soon as the eyes are pigmented has been used for the presentation of lures, thus allowing the study of the stimuli releasing the feeding activity and the breeding of 913 individuals up to the alevin stage. PMID- 808352 TI - [The effect of bacterial activity in sediments on the growth of Trachelomonas hispida]. PMID- 808351 TI - [Separation of glycosyl transferase isoenzymes by column isoelectric focusing]. PMID- 808353 TI - [Comparison of the esterases of Providencia alcalifadiens and Providencia stuartii]. PMID- 808354 TI - [Circular ribonucleoproteins in the virus Lumbo (Bunyavirus)]. PMID- 808355 TI - [A protective antigen in the supernatant of Salmonella typhimurium cultures (strain M-206)]. PMID- 808356 TI - [The effect and fate of Bacillus thuringiensis in mice inoculated intraperitoneally]. PMID- 808357 TI - [Radio-restoration by yeast s-RNA and its nucleotides of plant tissues cultured in vitro. Restorative activity of yeast s-RNA and a mixture of its nucleotides on the growth of Sorconera crown-gall tissue cultures]. AB - Gamma RNA extracts from yeast restore the growth of Scorsonere Crown gall tissues which were subjected to gamma radiation from sigma cobalt 60. A mixture of nucleotides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of s-RNA by a ribonuclease T1 has the same stimulatory effect. PMID- 808358 TI - Comparative hemodynamic responses to chlorpromazine, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and trimethaphan immediately after open-heart operations. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous chlorpormazine, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and trimethaphan camsylate were studied in 51 patients with high mean arterial pressures immediately after open-heart operations. Chlorpromazine was given by bolus intravenous injection to 24 patients (average dose 10.3 mg); nitroprusside (17 patients), nitroglycerin (8 patients), and trimethaphan (12 patients) were administered by constant intravenous infusion at average doses of 77 mug/min, 59 mug/min, and .097 mg/min, respectively. Measured or derived variables included right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), stroke work index (SWI), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI). All four vasodilators significantly reduced systemic and intracardiac pressures and SWI (P less than 0.01). Associated changes in left ventricular pumping performance, however, differed importantly between groups. Chlorpromazine caused a significant rise (+19%) in HR with preservation of SI; thus, CI rose significantly (P less than 0.01). Only nitroprusside, however, resulted in enhancement of SI (P less than 0.05) at the lowered left atrial pressure; CI increased by 19% (P less than 0.01), HR rose minimally (6.5%), and calculated SVRI diminished 33% (P less than 0.01). Both nitroglycerin and trimethaphan caused decreases in SI and CI. These results indicate that in general, among the vasodilators studied, nitroprusside is associated with the most favorable hemodynamic responses in early postoperative cardiac surgical patients. PMID- 808360 TI - Letter: TNG effects on asynergy and coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 808359 TI - Comparative hemodynamic effects of chewable isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Vasodilators are known to be effective in improving the hemodynamics of congestive heart failure by increasing cardiac output and reducing left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). Long acting agents are needed to augment the practicality and availability of chronic vasodilator therapy. In the present study the vascular effects of chewable isosorbide dinitrate (CHIS), sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) and placebo (P) were compared in eight patients with high LVFP due to heart failure. Patients with LVFP (pulmonary wedge pressure) over 14 mm Hg were given CHIS, 10 mg, NTG, 0.6 mg, and P, two chewable tablets, in random fashion. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and LVFP were monitored for three hours after each drug. HR was not significantly affected by any drug, although it rose slightly after NTG and fell after CHIS. Significant reduction of BP occurred only after NTG, with peak effect at five minutes, but lasting only 15 minutes. NTG reduced LVFP 5.1 mm Hg (19.5%, P, less than 0.05), at peak effect, but LVFP was no longer significantly lower by 20 minutes after NTG. After CHIS, LVFP fell significantly within five minutes, reached a peak reduction of 8.6 mm Hg (32;7%, P less than 0.01) at 15 minutes, and remained significantly lower through three hours. Thus CHIS provides a nitrate action of rapid onset and sustained effect that may be useful for chronic vasodilator therapy of heart failure. PMID- 808361 TI - Cardiac manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - The cardiovascular manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) have not been well characterized. We studied nine children with various forms of MPS, using noninvasive cardiac diagnostic techniques. The echocardiograms of two brothers with Type I H/S MPS showed slow mitral valve early diastolic closure velocities (MVEDC) (18, 29 mm/sec) consistent with mitral stenosis. Each had a soft opening snap, low frequency presystolic murmurs and X-ray evidence of calcific mitral stenosis. Three patients with Type II A MPS had echocardiographic evidence of impaired left ventricular function, suggesting the presence of myocardial damage. One of these had an abnormal electrocardiogram; non had murmurs. No cardiac abnormalities were discovered in two patients with Type III A and IV MPS. One patient with Type VI A MPS had presystolic, holostolic and early diastolic murmurs. A soft opening snap was recorded. The echocardiogram showed a slow MVEDC (18 mm/sec) and a slightly enlarged left atrial dimension (2.2 cm/m2). In summary, noninvasive studies are useful in evaluating patients with MPS. Type I H/S and Type VI A patients may show evidence of valvular deformity, the former associated with mitral valvular calcification and the latter with both aortic and mitral valve involvement. Type II A patients have muscle function abnormalities and Type III A and IV are shown by noninvasive methods to be free of cardiovascular abnormalities. PMID- 808362 TI - Comparison of results found with four commercial radial immunodiffusion plates for the estimation of alpha1-antitrypsin. PMID- 808363 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of thyroxine in untreated serum. AB - We describe a simple, convenient solid-phase radioimmunoassay of total thyroxine in unextracted serum. Serum samples are added directly to the assay incubation mixture, interference in the antigen/antibody reaction by the thyroxine-binding serum proteins being almost completely eliminated by the addition of 8-anilino 1 naphthalene sulfonic acid and incubation at pH 10.5. Residual interference is compensated for by including thyroxine-free serum in the standards. Use of thyroxine antibodies that are coupled to a solid support permits separation of free and antibody-bound hormone by a single washing step, followed by centrifugation. The method is specific, accurate, and reasonably precise. The results obtained compare well with those for radioimmunoassay of thyroxine in serum freed of protein by gel filtration, and with results of a competitive protein-binding method. The technical simplicity of the procedure should readily permit automation. These features suggest that the technique should be well suited for routine clinical laboratory use. PMID- 808364 TI - Use of the reference method for determination of serum calcium in a quality assurance survey. AB - The Reference Method [Clin. Chem. 19, 1208 (1973)] for determination of total calcium in serum has been applied to 29 specimens from the Wellcome Group Quality Control Programme. The accuracy of the mean results for all participants, and for selected groups of participants, was determined over the concentration range 2.00 2.75 mmol/liter. We show that, in general, continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer) and atomic absorption methods of analysis have a small, constant bias, but chelation (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) methods are unpredictably inaccurate. PMID- 808365 TI - Contraception for the woman with significant cardiac disease. PMID- 808366 TI - Painful bipartite patellae. A report of three cases. AB - This is a report of three children with tender painful patellae, bipartite at the superior, lateral pole. Non-operative treatment failed to relieve these symptoms, but excision of the accessory ossification center resulted in a painless knee. Gross and microscopic pathological examination was consistent with the hypothesis that this syndrome was caused by fracture through the interposed cartilage which failed to heal satisfactorily. PMID- 808367 TI - Anomalies of the scapula. AB - This is a report of a case of double acromion and double coracoid and a commentary on the comparative anatomy and embryology of the shoulder. Congenital elevation of the scapula, ossification of the transverse scapular ligament, clasp like superior border of the scapula, coracoclavicular joint, coracoclavicular bridge, coracosternale bone, os acromiale, elongated acromion, convex glenoid, hypoplasia of the inferior border of the glenoid, dentated glenoid, infrascapular bone, and notched inferior angle of the scapula are other anomalies of the scapula reported in the literature. PMID- 808368 TI - Tibiofibular synostosis: a cause of ankle disability. AB - A syndrome of ankle pain on weight-bearing while running due to post-traumatic ossification of the tibiofibular ligament is described. Pain is caused by failure of normal downward and lateral motion of the fibula. Treatment consists of complete excision of the synostosis, followed by cast immobilization for 3 weeks. PMID- 808369 TI - [Seizure discharge induced by eyelid closure]. PMID- 808370 TI - Transformation of Horsley-Clarke coordinate for electrode implantation experiments in stereotaxic surgery. PMID- 808371 TI - Social dynamics of gelada baboons. PMID- 808372 TI - Metaproterenol tablets: their duration of effect by comparison with ephedrine. PMID- 808373 TI - Further clinical evaluations of nefopam hydrochloride, a new analgesic. PMID- 808374 TI - A controlled study of methocarbamol (Robaxin) in acute painful musculoskeletal conditions. PMID- 808375 TI - Creatinol O-phosphate (COP) and muscular performance: a controlled clinical trial. PMID- 808376 TI - A double blind clinical evaluation of a phenylpropanolamine-caffeine-vitamine combination and a placebo in the treatment of exogenous obesity. PMID- 808377 TI - The use of guanethidine and hydrochlorothiazide in the long-term treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 808378 TI - Potassium supplementation during diuretic therapy. PMID- 808379 TI - Treatment of essential hypertension with trimazosin, a new vasodilator agent. PMID- 808380 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide bioavailability: an evaluation of thirteen products. PMID- 808381 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new system for the detection of suspected gonorrheal infection. PMID- 808382 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections due to difficult uropathogens. Introduction. PMID- 808383 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections due to difficult uropathogens. I. indole-positive Proteus. PMID- 808384 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections due to difficult uropathogens. II. Enterobacter. PMID- 808385 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections due to difficult uropathogens. III. Enterococcus. PMID- 808386 TI - Carbenicillin therapy of urinary tract infections dur to difficult urop athogens. IV. Summary and conclusions. PMID- 808387 TI - Therapeutic role of heparin in acute pulmonary embolism. PMID- 808388 TI - A heparin symposium. PMID- 808389 TI - The clinical use of heparin. PMID- 808390 TI - The fate of heparin in the body. PMID- 808391 TI - The laboratory control of heparin therapy. PMID- 808392 TI - Efficacy of low-dose heparin prophylaxis. PMID- 808393 TI - Advances in the understanding of the anticoagulant function of heparin. PMID- 808395 TI - Biological equivalence of beef lung and hog musosal heparins. PMID- 808394 TI - Heparin and platelets. PMID- 808396 TI - Theoretical aspects of structure and assembly of viral envelops. PMID- 808397 TI - Inhibition of the multiplication of enveloped viruses by glucose derivatives. PMID- 808398 TI - [Microscopic picture of the dental pulp in dogs after use of glutaraldehyde for direct capping]. PMID- 808399 TI - Diphtheroid endocarditis after aortic valve replacement. AB - Diphtheroid endocarditis after aortic valve replacement was cured with penicillin, gentamycin and erythromycin. Infections occur most commonly on the aortic valves of men patients within two weeks after prosthetic insertion. Management with combined drug therapy based on sensitivities and clinical response are suggested. Paravalvular leaks do not necessarily require valve replacement. PMID- 808400 TI - Tuberculosis: the new challenge to the practicing clinician. PMID- 808401 TI - Therapy of epithelial tumors with an aromatic retinoic acid analog. AB - The properties of a new aromatic retinoic acid analog are described. The compound: all-trans-N-ethyl-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl 2,4,6,8-nonatetraenamide = Ro 11-1430, exerts a therapeutic influence on chemically induced papillomas and carcinomas of the skin of mice. It leads to a marked regression of chemically induced epithelial tumors but does not inhibit the growth of transplantable tumors. The therapeutic use of retinoic acid and its analogs is limited by the appearance of the toxic side effects of the so-called hypervitaminosis A syndrome. The relationship between the anti-tumor activity and these toxic effects is considered a good inidicator for establishing the quality of a compound. The new retinoic acid analog posses a ten times more favorable therapeutic ratio than retinoic acid. The mechanism of action is discussed. PMID- 808402 TI - [Treatment of atypical absences with a combination of succinimide and dipropylacetate (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen epileptic patients with mild seizures of the narcolepsy type were treated with a combination of succinimide (average dose 750 mg) and dipropylacetate (average dose 1,200 mg), medication with each drug alone having brought no success. The combination of drugs stopped the seizures in eleven patients, in three they almost stopped and in one the frequency of seizures was halved. An E.E.G. was recorded in twelve, with improvement in each. Side effects occurred in five patients (nausea, vomiting, singultus and fatigue), but the drug had to be discontinued in only one instance. PMID- 808404 TI - [Letter: Incidence of irregular erythrocyte antibodies]. PMID- 808403 TI - [The frequency of irregular erythrocyte antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations to demonstrate irregular erythrocyte antibodies showed an increase in the number of sensitizations due to blood transfusions as well as an increase of the antibodies anti-E and anti-Kell. A reorganization of the blood transfusion system should be considered. It seems necessary to detect patients with irregular antibodies as early as possible. This should be done by follow-up investigations after blood transfusion and by antibody screening tests before transfusion. Blood groups estimated previously should not be relied upon during subsequent hospital admissions. PMID- 808405 TI - [Mechanism of action of gliquidone (author's transl)]. AB - A study of 13 metabolically normal persons, 12 patients with asymptomatic or latent diabetes and 11 with manifest diabetes showed that 30 mg gliquidone orally prevents or delays the blood sugar rise during repeated small carbohydrate meals with simultaneous stimulation of insulin secretion. This effect was less marked in the normal and asymptomatic or latent diabetic subjects than after glibenclamide 5 mg, while there was no difference between the two drugs in those with manifest diabetes. PMID- 808406 TI - [Letter: Bone marrow examination]. PMID- 808407 TI - [Rhesus incompatibility and anti-D prevention in the Dusseldorf region (a ten year survey) (author's transl)]. AB - Among 116 120 children born between 1964 and 1973, 512 (0.44%) required treatment for haemolytic disease of the newborn caused by the presence of irregular antibodies. While the incidence between 1964 to 1970 ranged between 0.42 to 0.56%, it fell from 1971 to 1973 to 0.28%, evidence for effective anti-D prophylaxis since 1971. Those cases still occurring after 1971 were largely due to pregnancies which had started before 1971. In addition there were abortions, sensitizations during the first pregnancy, but also blood transfusions as cause for new sensitizations. Sensitization after pregnancy despite anti-D prophylaxis was observed twice. In the last few years there has been a relative increase of rare antibodies, increasing the complexities of serological diagnosis. Safety and speed of treatment can be further improved by more frequent identification of irregular antibodies in the mother and regular reports to the paediatrician. PMID- 808408 TI - Corticosteroids in brain tissue. AB - Total corticosteroid concentrations were determined in the plasma and brains of five species: mouse, rat, cat, monkey and man. Corticosteroid concentrations were measured also in the livers of mice, rats and monkeys. Competitive protein binding techniques were validated and used for the tissue corticosteroid assays. In each species the brain corticosteroid value was less than the total plasma corticosteroid level but greater than the presumed unbound fraction of plasma corticosteroids. A clear circadian variation of brain corticosteroid values was found in mice, together with a rapid elevation of the tissue levels in response to stress. Reduction of both plasma and tissue corticosteroid concentrations was observed after adrenalectomy and in response to dexamethasone treatment of mice. Between 24 and 48 h post morten, mouse brain corticosteroid values decreased greatly. In cat, monkey and human brains all regions examined contained approximately equal amounts of corticosteroids. In particular, brain areas which are not involved in pituitary-adrenocortical regulation contained large amounts of corticosteroids. PMID- 808409 TI - The effect of hypoglycemia on hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (HRH) in the rat. AB - A rapid radioimmunoassay for TRH with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity is described. The procedure is capable of measuring TRH in amounts less than 15 pg/tube. Such an assay system has enabled us to study the effect of hypoglycemia on hypothalamic TRH content. Forty-eight female, adult Holtzman rats were divided into 8 groups of 6. Regular insulin was injected intraperitoneally into each rat except for the basal group. A separate batch of similar rats was studied in the same fashion except that saline was injected instead of insulin. Each group of rats was decapitated and the trunk blood collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min post-injection. Appropriate tissues were rapidly taken and immediately extracted in ice-cold methanol. Hypothalamic TRH, pituitary TSH, serum TSH and serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were serially determined. In the insulin-treated group, a rapid fall in blood sugar was observed reaching a nadir in 15 min. Hypothalamic TRH fell from a basal mean +/- SE value of 3.25 +/- 0.31 ng to 1.54 +/- 0.14 ng/hypothalamus (P less than 0.01). Pituitary TSH decreased from 10.0 +/- 0.9 mug to a low of 2.6 +/- 0,8 mug/pituitary (P less than 0.02) at 30 min postinsulin. Serum TSH increased from a basal level of 42.5 +/- 20.5 muU/mo to a peak of 102.1 +/- 10.0 muU/ml 45 min (P less than 0.05) after insulin administration. The incremental change in serum T3 occurred at 90 min when T3 levels increased from a baseline of 107.5 +/- 53.7 ng/100 ml to a peak of 711.7 +/- 20.2 ng/100 ml (P less than 0.01). No changes in T4 were observed. The control group of rats did not show significant changes in hypothalamic TRH. The results of the study indicate that hypoglycemia can induce depletion (presumably release) of hypothalamic TRH with a consequent cascade stimulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 808410 TI - Estrogens in fetal and maternal plasma of the rhesus monkey,. AB - The quantities of estrone and estradiol were determined by radioimmunoassay in maternal and fetal plasma of the rhesus monkey from day 59 to 163 of gestation. A two way analysis of variance of data classified according to fetal sex and 3 pooled gestational ages for each hormone and for mother or fetus (4 analyses) revealed significant elevations in fetal estradiol and maternal estrone concentrations with age. All other comparisons were not significant by these analyses. The concentrations of estradiol were greater in maternal than in fetal plasma [769 +/- 64 (SE) pg/ml, N = 63 VS 57 +/- 6 (SE) pg/ml, N = 77, P less than 0.01] by a t test. Estrone, on the other hand, was similar in mother and fetus [265 +/- 30 (SE) pg/ml, N = 60 vs 318 +/- 37 (SE) pg/ml, N = 73, P greater than 0.05]. No sex differences in the concentrations of these hormones were observed except in the fetus after 150 days of gestation. At this time plasma from female fetuses contained significantly more estradiol than plasma from male fetuses [118 +/- 20 (SE) pg/ml, N = 7 vs 61 +/- 10 (SE) pg/ml, N = 19, P less than 0.01]. Except for estradiol in female fetuses, the concentrations of estrogen were significantly higher in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery, an indication that the placenta is a major source of fetal estrogen in this species. Estrone and estradiol were significantly correlated in both the fetal and maternal circulation, r = 0.58, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.39, P less than 0.01 respectively. The results provide quantitative data about the estrogen miliue in which the monkey fetus develops and suggest mechanisms for controlling fetal estrogen in this species. PMID- 808411 TI - [Effect of TRH on Achilles tendon reflex]. PMID- 808412 TI - Responses of rats and nonhuman primates to 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. PMID- 808414 TI - Safety of heavy metals as nutritional markers. AB - The nutritional safety of La, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Sc and Cr oxides and barium sulfate were studied in two species. The mouse study was conducted for three generations, including reproduction. During the three generations the mice were apparently not effected by quantities of metals in the feed which were 1000 times the anticipated levels. This level of metals did not exhibit any effect on the reproduction or growth of the mice through three generations. It is concluded that the metals used in the diet of the mouse at any of the use levels could be used in diets for nutritional markers. The monkey study, in which 10 times the anticipated use level of heavy metal markers were fed, further illustrates the nutritional safety of the metals studied. The tissues analyzed generally illustrated that the metals were not detectable. The balance study indicated that all the metals could be accounted for and that there is no apparent absorption of these metals. PMID- 808415 TI - The kinetics of copper uptake by the liver in Wilson's disease studied by a whole body counter and a double labelling technique. AB - The hepatic uptake of 64Cu in the body was studied by whole-body counting in normal subjects, homozygotes, and heterozygotes of Wilson's disease. Special attention was paid to the copper kinetics during the first hour after injection of 64Cu. Two different measuring techniques were used simultaneously: one collimated NaI(Tl) crystal was in a fixed position over the liver, the counts being recorded by a single channel analyser connected to a multi-channel analyser in a multi-channel scaling mode; and a second collimated crystal makes scanning movements along the body axis, the counts being recorded by a multi-channel analyser in a multi-spectrum scaling mode. With this procedure it is possible to use a double nuclide labelling technique by means of which both the 64Cu values for an organ can be corrected for the 64Cu blood content in the region of interest, and information can be obtained on the actual dynamic 64Cu movement in the body. PMID- 808413 TI - Catecholamine metabolism in humans exposed to pesticides. PMID- 808416 TI - Early effects of endotoxin on tissue phosphagen levels in skeletal muscle and liver of the dog. AB - The effects of a bolus injection of gram-negative endotoxin (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on the high energy phosphate and glycogenolytic metabolite levels of skeletal muscle and liver were studied in dogs. After endotoxin injection there was a sharp increase in the G-6-P and lactate levels within 5--15 min, especially in muscle, followed by an additional but much slower increase of these metabolites during the next 2 h. The CrP and ATP levels were also increased in skeletal muscle early after the endotoxin injection and the levels of these high energy phosphate compounds were still, 2 h after endotoxin, higher than those in control animals. In the liver an early gluconeogenetic response was observed. The results indicate that tissue hypoxia and a consequent exhaustion of tissue high energy phosphate compounds do not occur during the initial period of endotoxin shock. The increased high energy phosphate levels are probably partly caused by sympathicoadrenal stimulation but direct endotoxin effects at the cell membrane level may also play an important role. PMID- 808417 TI - [Phylogenetic studies on some Japanese amphibia by mean of immunoelectrophoresis. I. Relationships of some frogs and newt to toad (author's transl)]. AB - The phylogenetic relationship among toad, frogs and newt from Japan was investigated by means of immunoelectrophoresis. Homologous, heterologous and non identity reactions between rabbit anti-Bufo bufo antiserum and antigen from each of 13 species and 2 subspecies of Japanese amphibia were examined. The number and positions of arcs appeared in these reactions were compared. The relationship observed in the comparison well coincided with the classification of the upper taxa of amphibia; viz 1) Hyla arborea is more intimately related to B. bufa, 2) members of Ranidae and Rhacophoridae have equal intimacy for B. bufo, and 3) Cynops pyrrhogaster is most distantly related to B. bufo. By contrasting arc obtained in non-identity reaction and those obtained in homologous reaction, it was found that toad, B. bufo carried 22 antigens, and among these antigens, one was observed through all amphibians tested, 12 were carried solely by toad, and some of the remainders were common to antigens carried by various frogs. Newts carried only one antigen common to toad. Based on these results, the phylogeny of Japanese amphibia was discussed. PMID- 808418 TI - DNA replication in macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. PMID- 808419 TI - Leucocyte locomotion and chemotaxis. The influence of divalent cations and cation ionophores. PMID- 808420 TI - Mouse epidermal cell cultures. II. Isolation, characterization and cultivation of epidermal cells from perinatal mouse skin. PMID- 808421 TI - Application of freeze-etching to the study of myogenesis in cell culture. PMID- 808422 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical evidence for a sympathetic neural influence on the choroid plexus. PMID- 808423 TI - A new improved synthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone. AB - This synthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is particularly suitable for large scale production of highly purified TRH, thanks to its high yields of the coupling and deprotection reactions together with the very simple final purification step. PMID- 808424 TI - A comparison of the effects of mitomycin C on the bristle organ formation in wild type and svde strains of drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 808425 TI - Inhibition of TRH-induced TSH release by l-thyroxine, l-triiodothyronine, and their D-isomers in mice. PMID- 808427 TI - The properties of sulfite-treated tetanus toxin. PMID- 808426 TI - Comparative primate atherosclerosis. II. A biochemical study of lipids, calcium, and collagen in atherosclerotic arteries. PMID- 808428 TI - Catecholamine releasing factor in bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 808429 TI - The intracellular localization of the glycollate-oxidising enzyme of Anabaena cylindrica. PMID- 808430 TI - Biochemical indentification of the mammalian muscarinic cholinergic receptor. AB - The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binds avidly but reversibly to the muscarinic cholinergic recptor of mammalian brain and peripheral tissues. [3H]QNB binding provides a simple, sensitive, specific assay for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding. Inhibition of [3H]QNB binding to homogenates of brain and guinea pig ileum by muscarinic drugs correlates with their pharmacologic potencies, while nicotinic agents and noncholinergic drugs have neglibible affinity. The regional distribution of [3H]QNB binding throughout rat and monkey brain parallels to a major extent other cholinergic markers, suggesting that the majority of cholinergic synapses in the brain are muscarinic. [3H]QNB accumulation in various brain regions after intravenous injection provides a means of labeling the muscarinic receptor in vivo. By labeling the receptor in vivo; autoradiographic studies under the light microscope have been performed to visualize the muscarinic receptor. PMID- 808431 TI - The effect of a copper intrauterine device on the uterine histology and progestational response in pregnant and immature rabbits. AB - A copper wire intrauterine device (GuIUD) was inserted into mature female rabbits 14 days prior to artificial insemination (AI), and its effect on the histology of the pregnant uterus was studied 48 to 192 hours after AI. In a related study, estrogen-primed immature femal rabbits were fitted with a device consisting of 321 mm of copper wire wound around a 17-mm plastic carrier and treated subcutaneously for 5 days with 0.1 mg of progesterone daily. Uterine tissue samples were obtained on the following day, examined histologically, and tested for carbonic anhydrase activity. In both studies, gold wire devices, similar to the respective copper devices, and sham surgery served as controls. In the pregnant rabbit, the McPhail score (McPhail MK: J Physiol (Lond) 83:145, 1934) measuring arborization of the luminal epithelium was significantly lower in tissue surrounding the CuIUD than in tissue anterior to the CuIUD or in tissue from the contralateral control horn bearing an AuIUD or subjected to sham surgery, 96 to 192 hours after AI. The morphologic development of the epithelial cell structure was retarded only in areas surrounding the CuIUD 96 to 192 hours after AI. There were no observable differences in the stroma or in the leukocytic infiltration of the tissue. In the estrogen-primed immature rabbits, the ability of the tissue to react to exogenous progesterone was depressed in tissue surrounding the copper device, as determined by the lower McPhail score, compared with tissue anterior to the copper device or from contralateral controls. Similary, progestational stimulation of carbonic anhydrase was blocked significantly in tissue surrounding the CuIUD and, to a lesser extent, in tissue anterior to the CuIUD. The data suggest that copper ions eluted from the CuIUD produce a contraceptive effect by locally blocking the action of progesterone on the epithelial tissue. PMID- 808432 TI - [Clinical studeis on the regulatory system of thyroid hormone secretion and serum triiodothyronine. Part III. Studies on thyroid hormone change and its relationship when TSH in cases with subclinical hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 131I treated Graves' disease)]. AB - Changes in thyroid hormone levels and their relationship with TSH in cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 131I treated Graves' disease in subclinical hypothyroid state were investigated: 1) In 34 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, TSH levels was 14.7 +/- 26.8 muU/ml (mean +/- s.d.), T3 144.5 +/- 33.6 Rg/100 ml; T4 6.7 +/- 2.4 MUG/100 ML; T3RU 25.4 +/- 3.2%; F.T.I. 2.0g +/- O.89; T3/T4 2.46+/ 1.04%. It was noted that TSH levels revealed significant positive correlation with T3/T4 (r=0.77); significant inverse correlation with F.T.I. (r= - 0.51); and non-significant inverse correlation with T3 levels (r= - 0.06). These results indicate that T3 might play a more important role than T4 in maintaining normal thyroid function (so-called T3 euthyroidism). This is probably based on metabolic disturbance of iodine which is common in Hashimoto's thyroid. In several cases with rather high normal basal T3 levels, no significant elevation in T3 was observed in spite of elevated TSH level following TRH administration. This might indicate that the thyroid is fully functioning and that no more reserve is left for the thyroid to respond further to elevated TSH. 2) In 30 cases with 131I treated Graves' disease, TSH concentration was 22.3 +/- 29.8 muU/ml (mean +/- s.d.); T3 100.7 +/- 35.4 ng/100 ml: T4 6.2 +/- 2.9 MUG/100 ML; T3RU 25.6 +/- 2.3%; F.T.I. 1.87 +/- 0.85; T3/T4 1.80 +/- 0.64. Significant inverse correlation was noted between TSH levels and F.T.I. as well as T3 levels. Although TSH levels showed significant positive correlation with T3/T4 (r=0.44), its degree of correlation was not as good as that with F.T.I. (r= - 0.71) and T3 (r= - 0.53). These results indicate that there is no preference in T3 production. From the responsiveness of thyroid and pituitary following TRH administration, assumption can be drawn that 131I treated Graves' patients, who became euthyroid, may in fact be on the way to hypothyroidism. PMID- 808433 TI - [Serum prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to be a stimulator of prolactin release as well as of thyrotropin (TSH) release in normal man. This paper presents data concerning the effect of TRH on the PRL response in normal human subjects and in patients with thyroid diseases. Synthetic TRH (500 mug) was administered intravenously to 12 normal males, 12 normal females, 8 female patients with hyperthyroidism, and 8 female patients with primary hypothyroidism. Blood samples were taken for the determination of the serum prolactin(PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH concentrations. Serum PRL and TSH levels were determined by each specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. The mean serum PRL level was 6.1 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) before TRH administration in normal females, and 4.9 +/- 5.0 ng/ml in normal males. The difference was not statistically significant. The serum PRL levels 15 min after TRH administration were significantly higher in females than in males (42.0 +/- 17.2 vs. 26.3 +/- 8.6 ng/ml, p smaller than 0.001). The mean serum PRL level before Trh administration in patients with hyperthyroidism was higher than in normal females (12.5 +/- 5.5 vs. 6.2 +/- 4.9 ng/ml, p smaller than 0.05), but the mean serum PRL level 30 min after TRH was lower in cases of hyperthyroidism than in normal females (14.3 +/- 5.0 vs. 44.1 +/- 13.7 ng/ml, p smaller than 0.05). The mean serum PRL level before TRH administration in primary hypothyroidism was significantly higher than in normal females (37.6 +/- 29.0 vs. 6.2 +/- 4.9 ng/ml, p smaller than 0.05) and serum PRL level after TRH was also higher in hypothyroidism than in normal females (132.8 +/- 83.4 vs. 42 +/- 17.2, p smaller than 0l05). There was a positive correlation between the maximum increase in serum PRL concentration above the base line (...PRL) and the increment in serum TSH (...TSH) after TRH administration in these subjects. In conclusion, the PRL response to TRH was greater in females than in males, abolished in hyperthyroidism and exaggerated in primary hypothyroidism. These results indicate that the thyroid hormone concentration influences the PRL response to TRH as well as TSH response. PMID- 808434 TI - [Studies on hypophyseo-thyroid function in patients with chronic thyroiditis (author's transl)]. AB - It is well known that serum TSH levels are elevated in most patients with chronic thyroiditis, even if the patient exhibits normal thyroid function tests. The determination of serum TSH levels in these patients is thought to be the most sensitive indicator of subclinical hypothyroidism. In this study, the hypophyseo thyroid functions of untreated euthyroid patients with chronic thyroiditis were evaluated. Serum T3 levels in most of these patients were raised or at high normal levels, although serum T4 levels were in the low normal range. Serum T4 levels in patients with raised basal TSH were distributed in the low normal range. Hence, it is suggested that the decreased serum T4 stimulates TSH secretion which in turn stimulates T3 (and T4) secretion from the thyroid and the elevated T3 maintains the patient's euthyroid condition. Basal TSH levels in these patients varied from 2.5 to 37.0 muU/ml and mean +/-SD was 12.9+/-9.6 muU/ml. Thirteen out of 30 patients (43%) with normal free T4 indices showed elevated basal TSH levels. TSH responses to TRH injection were exaggerated in all euthyroid patients with raised basal TSH levels, as well as in 11 out 14 patients (78.6%) with normal basal TSH levels as well. But the maximum TSH responses after TRH injection were well correlated with basal TSH levels (gamma=0.79). The percent increases of serum T3 after TRH injection in those patients were less than those of the normal person, and there was no difference in T3 response between the normal TSH group and the group with raised TSH. Eight patients who suffered from collagen diseases (SLE:6, RA:1, PSS:1) without any evidence of thyroid disease also exhibited exaggerated TSH responses to TRH. In five out of these eight patients (62.5%) antithyroglobulin antibody was positive. This may indicate the presence of the so-called asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis in these patients. It is suggested that the elevated basal TSH levels in euthyroid patients with chronic thyroiditis are a much more sensitive indicator of thyroid failure than any other routine thyroid function tests. Moreover, the exaggerated TSH responses to TRH in patients with normal basal TSH levels indicated that the TRH-test is more useful for the detection of minimal thyroid failure, especially in patients having such conditions as asymptomatic automimune thyroiditis. PMID- 808435 TI - Transplantation of the islets of Langerhans and the histocompatibility of endocrine tissue. PMID- 808436 TI - Alcoholic detosis. AB - Twenty-four chronic alcohol abusers hospitalized during a twenty-seven-month period were suspected of having "alcoholic ketoacidosis" because they had ketonuria or ketonemia with little or no glucosuria. Twenty-one had moderate or severe ketosis, with plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate of 5.2 to 22.5 mmol/L. Fifteen of this group were not diabetic, while six were later found to have mild postprandial hyperglycemia without glycosuria. Three patients who had continued to drink until shortly before admission, though at first suspected of having alcoholic ketosis, were found to have predominant lactic acidosis, with minor elevations of plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate. In contrast to previously reported patients with "alcoholic ketoacidosis", severe acidemia was uncommon in this series. Indeed, seven patients were alkalemic, because of coexisting respiratory or metabolic alkalosis. Most patients had eaten poorly for several days (and usually longer) and had allegedly decreased their alcohol intake during that period. That history, and the usual rapid clearing of ketosis simply by treatment with solutions of glucose and NaCl, suggested that acute starvation was an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Four patients were treated with insulin and four with NaHCO3 solutions. In retrospect, the need for either of these treatments was not clear. Two of the twenty-four patients died, one from circulatory failure secondary to hemorrhage and the other from pulmonary edema, but no patient died because of ketoacidosis per se. PMID- 808437 TI - Phenformin-induced lactic acidosis in diabetic patients. AB - Eighteen diabetic patients with lactic acidosis (L.A.) were analyzed for possible causal factors, metabolic changes, and efficacy of treatment. An antecedent phenformin therapy was performed in fifteen cases and was associated with renal insufficiency in ten cases and liver disease in eight cases. Tissular anoxia of primary hemodynamic or respiratory origin was absent in all cases. The severe metabolic acidosis (pH m.93 +/- 0,03; HCO3-= 6 +/- 1 MM; PaCO2 = 18 +/- 2 MM. Hg) and hyperlactatemia (14.2 +/- 0.3 mM) were associated with high lactate/pyruvate ration (70 +/- 22). High alanine levels (up to 4.6 mM) were measured in some of these patients. High beta-hydroxybutrate levels were sometimes measured (up to 7.6 mM), and substantial amounts of acetoacetate were also detected in twelve cases. Glucagon level was always increased (1,050 +/- 240 pg./ml.), and insulin/glucagon ratio was low. Cortisol (49 +/- 10 mug./100 ml.) and HGH (10.8 +/- 0.6 ng./ml.) were also elevated. Increased plasma levels of phenformin were measured in five L.A. diabetic subjects (50 +/- 5 mug./ml.) by comparison with other phenformin-treated diabetic subjects. The specificity of the assay was investigated, and phenformin metabolites were characterized by thin-layer chromatography. Por the treatment of L.A., adjunction of dialysis and furosemide improved the efficacy of early and massive sodium bicarbonate infusion. It is suggested that accumulation of phenformin via renal insufficiency plays a determinant role in causing L.A. through an impairment of lactate metabolism in the liver. An accelerated epuration of the drug may be helpful in therapy of L.A. Phenformin treatment should be avoided in case of renal and/or liver insufficiency. PMID- 808438 TI - Comparison of lung cancer and amyloidosis in rabbits induced by chemical carcinogens. AB - For the purpose of inducing experimental lung cancer, carcinogens were applied into the bronchus of the rabbit. Experiments were divided into 2 groups, I and II, depending on the methods of application of chemical carcinogens into the bronchus. In Experiment I, carcinogens (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and/or 3 methylcholanthrene) in rabbit plasma or distilled water were instilled in the lower bronchus and, in Experiment II, 3-methylcholanthrene in Tween 60 was swabbed on the maon bronchus through a specially made bronchoscope. (1) In Experiment I, 163 of 366 rabbits having received over 4 instillations of the chemical carcinogens and surviving for more than 30 days developed lung cancer. However, in Experiment II, only 2 of 65 rabbits surviving more than 60 days developed lung cancer. (2) In Experiment II, 39 (60%) of 65 rabbits were found to have developed amyloidosis. However, in Experiment I, 86 (approx. 23%) of 366 rabbits developed amyloidosis. Amyloidosis was observed to occur in the kidneys, spleen, liver, and adrenals in both experiments. PMID- 808439 TI - Radial distribution of esophageal peristaltic pressure in normal subjects and patients with esophageal diverticulum. AB - This study was designed to determine the radial profile of peristaltic pressure waves in the esophageal body of normal subjects and patients with isophageal diverticulum. We used a manometric assembly featuring four radial side hole recording orifices oriented at equidistant 90 degree angles. Each recording catheter was infused with water at a rate (6.1 ml per min) which provided high fidelity pressure recording. In normal subjects, the radially recorded peristaltic pressure complexes were similar in peak amplitude and wave form. The range of pressure differences between the four radial recordings averaged 9.0 +/- 4 SD mm Hg A range is less than or greater to 25 mm Hg occurring in 99% of observations. These variations in pressure amplitude showed no consistant spacial orientation. In 5 of the 6 patients with esophageal diverticulum, the range of radial peristaltic pressure differences exceeded 25 mm Hg in the region of the diverticulum, the lowest pressure occurring at the recording orifice facing the diverticulum mouth. In occasional peristaltic sequences abnormal wave forms featuring abrupt onsets or offsets were observed. These bizarre wave forms were probably caused by oralaboral diverticulum movement relative to the recording sensor during peristalsis. Two patients had abnormally high peristaltic pressure amplitudes, greater than 250 mm Hg. This latter finding introduces the possibility that hypertensive peristaltic contractions may contribute to diverticulum production in some patients. PMID- 808440 TI - [Further studies on the sinus coronarius cordis, vena cordis media and arcus aortae as well as on the ductus (lig.) Botalli in various mammalian hearts]. AB - This study supplements earlier works on the topography of the mammalian heart. The material comprises the hearts of 25 species, 12 of which have not been examined previously. The general morphology of the hearts is briefly dealt with. V. cava cranialis sinistra is preserved in Phascolomys and Macropus. It is presumably present in all Ruminantia, where it has been reduced to the sinus coronarius cordis in Perissodactyla. A particular emphasis is laid on the fact that the paired A. carotides and Aa. subclaviae originate from a single common stem, truncus brachio-cephalicus, in Rangifer, Ovibos, Cervus axis, Bos banteng, Okapi, the Perissodactyla, and in Dicerorhinus sumatrensis and Viscacia. A common origin of the carotids and the A. subclavia dextra is frequently found in most other groups. The fusion seems occur through wandering of the vessels towards the right - i.e. towards A. subclavia dextra. Separate origins of the 4 beffore mentioned stems occur rarely and only incompletely. Sinus coronarius is of a typical shape. Most probable V. anonyma is always present. PMID- 808441 TI - Lack of increase in DNA crosslinking in Drosophila melanogaster with age. AB - Adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies ranging in age from 2 to 7.5 weeks with a median colony survival time of 6.4 weeks at 25 degrees C showed no increase in DNA crosslinking with age. The purified denatured DNA used for crosslink determinations varied in molecular weight from 2.02 to 3.84 times 10(5) daltons and was crosslinked to the extent of 6.2-8.8% with no age-related trend. PMID- 808442 TI - Parenteral nutrition: principles, nutrient requirements, and techniques. PMID- 808443 TI - Catch-up growth in rats undernourished for different periods during the suckling period. AB - Catch-up in body weight, nose-rump length and tail length has been examined in male rats. At birth, pups from several females were pooled and reallocated to provide litters of 16 pups. In group 1, the number was reduced to 8 at day 8, in group 2 on day 15, group 3 were raised in large litters until weaning. Animals reared in litters of 8 were termed controls. All animals were weaned at 22 days, placed two to a cage and provided with food and water ad libitum. They were examined at intervals to day 120. Animals rehabilitated at 8 days had caught up in body weight and 97% of the length of controls on day 120. Rats rehabilitated on day 22 were 88% of the body weight and 97% of the body length of the controls at 120 days. None of the experimental groups achieved the same tail length as the controls. It was concluded that the data do not support the "time tally" mechanism of catch-up growth. This may be due to early timing of the experiment or an oversimplification of the mechanism. It was also concluded that catch-up following neonatal undernutrition in rats is greatly influenced by the normal growth pattern. PMID- 808444 TI - [Incidence and clinical significance of visible but not viable bacilli in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 808446 TI - [On the pathogenesis of hemophilic hemarthrosis]. PMID- 808447 TI - Ultrastructure and function of the ellipsoids of the spleen. Their relationship with fat metabolism and red blood cells. PMID- 808445 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of chronic proctitis. AB - The effect of topical disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has been examined in 30 patients with chronic active proctitis using a double-blind crossover trial. Each treatment period was four weeks and patients were given DSCG 200 mg by enema twice daily and 100 mg orally three times each day. Twenty-six patients completed the trial successfully, 14 responded to DSCG treatment, two improved with placebo, and 10 responded to neither. Patients who responded to DSCG had significantly more eosinophils in their rectal biopsies than those who failed to respond and in some instances the counts were very high. The findings support the hypothesis than an allergic reaction is important in the pathogenesis of proctitis. PMID- 808448 TI - Behavior of several one-stage prothrombin time derivative tests in the abnormal factor X (factor X Friuli) coagulation disorder. PMID- 808449 TI - [Effect of plasma and/or factor VIII concentrates administration on platelet functions in patients with haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 808451 TI - A comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis, reversed haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay for the detection of HBsAg in blood donors. PMID- 808450 TI - [Circadian changes in serum iron and chlorides (a trasversal profile) (author's transl)]. PMID- 808452 TI - Cytochemical determination of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in acute leukemia. PMID- 808453 TI - [Prophylaxis and therapy of neuro-meningeal involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Case reports and critical review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 808454 TI - Hemolytic anemia in pregnancy associated with leuko-thrombocytopenia. PMID- 808455 TI - Hodgkin's disease and nodular lymphoma. PMID- 808456 TI - Pathogenesis and management of iron overload in thalassemia. PMID- 808457 TI - Letters to the editor: Acute hemolytic anemia, G-6PD deficiency and viral hepatitis. PMID- 808458 TI - Letter: Membrane lipid peroxidation in hyprochromic red blood cells. PMID- 808460 TI - [Multienergetic radiation in modern radiotherapy]. PMID- 808459 TI - [Preservation of positive energy balance in the burned patient with emphasis on hyperalimentation]. PMID- 808461 TI - Interrelations between mammals and pathogens of some bacterial diseases. AB - Various interrelations of mammals with some bacterial pathogens are analyzed. Plaque and tularemia are the most thoroughly investigated infectious diseases in this respect. The importance of a different degree of susceptibility and sensitivity to infection for its development in mammalian reservoirs is underlined. PMID- 808462 TI - Contribution to the structure of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat. PMID- 808463 TI - Short-term toxicity of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) in rats, dogs and monkeys. PMID- 808464 TI - [In vitro studies on the mechanisms of acquired resistance to tuberculous infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 808465 TI - Federal long-term care policy has failed. PMID- 808466 TI - The bursal origin of an immunocompetent cell for antibody formation in the chicken. AB - Surgically bursectomized and irradiated chickens were given bursal, splenic, bone marrow or thymic cells taken from syngeneic donors, together with killed Brucella abortus and Salmonella pullorum. Blood samples were taken from those chickens 7 days later, and the serum agglutinin titres were determined. The cells of any lymphoid organ taken from 28-day-old chickens were more effective in restoring antibody response than those from 18-day-old ones. The restorative capacities of the bursa and splenic cells were greater than those of the bone marrow and thymic cells. On the other hand, splenic, bone marrow or thymic cells taken from bursa less chickens, and lymphoid cells taken from normal chickens but treated with anti-bursa serum in the persence of complement, were virtually incapable of restoring the immune response. Bursal, splenic or bone marrow cells taken from neonatally thymectomized chickens, and bursal or thymic cells treated with anti thymus serum were effective, being comparable with the corresponding cells taken from normal chickens or treated with normal sera, in restoring the suppressed immune response in chickens devoid of the lymphoid system. These facts clearly indicate that the primary and central agent crucial for development of the humoral immune response against the two bacterial antigens tested is the bursa. It is strongly suggested from the results of adoptive immunization using intrabursally primed cells that the cells recognizing Brucella abortus exist within the bursa of 4-day-old chicken. PMID- 808467 TI - Development and initial evaluation of a vas deferens valve. AB - In 17 cases of vasectomy, the external diameter of vas deferens was found to be 2.07 +/- .27 mm (Mean +/- S.D.) with a range from 1.7 to 2.8 mm. The internal diameters were 0.93 +/- 0.13 at 5 g and 1.24 +/- 0.16 mm at 100 g insertion force applied to the measuring cone, with lumen ranges from 0.7 to 1.2 and 1.0 to 1.7 mm, respectively. The left-right variations in the same inidividual were of a similar order as between different individuals. Measurements in 6-10 kg rhesus monkeys revealed an internal vas diameter around 0.6 mm with the measuring cone only eased in. At considerably high pressure the vas could be distended to show an internal diameter around 1 mm. The external diameters ranged from 1.5 to 2 mm. Local application to the vas in vivo or in vitro of alpha or beta adrenergic blocking agents, and sodium nitrate had no appreciable effects on the diameters. Three types of valves were developed and tested. The tap-like and the rotary valves were not satisfactorily leak-proof. But the valve with stop-cock mechanism was found to be satisfactory. It was further tested by examining the ejaculate obtained by the method of electro-ejaculation after implanting the valve in the monkey vas. The stop-cock valve is being proposed as a working model for producing reversible vas-occlusion. PMID- 808468 TI - Sintamil -a new dibenzoxazepine antidepressant. PMID- 808469 TI - Management of P.C.M. in urban and rural nutrition clinics. PMID- 808470 TI - Involvement of nursing, paramedical and social workers in combating protin calorie malnutrition. PMID- 808471 TI - Protein calorie malnutrition: ecology and management. Suggestion and recommendations. PMID- 808472 TI - Nutrition services through hospitals and primary health centres. PMID- 808473 TI - A need to unify definition classification and grading of P.C.M. PMID- 808474 TI - Assessment of protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 808476 TI - Protein calorie malnutrition in the community. PMID- 808475 TI - Magnitude of the problem of severe malnutrition. PMID- 808477 TI - Factors leading to severe malnutrition. A relationship of maternal nutrition and marasmus in the infants. PMID- 808478 TI - Iatrogenic and commerciogenic factors leading to marasmus. PMID- 808479 TI - Feeding habits and beliefs in causation of protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 808481 TI - Mortality rate of kwashiorkor and marasmus in hospitals. PMID- 808480 TI - Quac-stick for detection of protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 808482 TI - Mortality of severe cases of protein calorie malnutrition in hospitals. PMID- 808483 TI - Mortality and relapse in malnutrition. PMID- 808484 TI - The recurrence and mortality from protein calorie malnutrition after treatment. PMID- 808485 TI - Effect of early marasmic malnutrition on subsequent mental development. PMID- 808486 TI - Nutrition rehabilitation centre, S.S.G. Hospital, Baroda--a report of one year's experience (1970). PMID- 808487 TI - Experience with a nutrition rehabilitation unit in the management of protein calorie malnutrition in a rural hospital. PMID- 808488 TI - The problems of total long-term parenteral nutrition in pediatric surgery. PMID- 808489 TI - Some aspects of iron metabolism in protein deprivation. PMID- 808490 TI - Nutritional anemias in childhood: a decade of progress in India. PMID- 808491 TI - [Essential amino acids in parenteral feeding in so-called postoperative azotemia]. PMID- 808492 TI - [Modern tube feeding]. AB - Feeding by tube is indicated when changing from parenteral to oral nutrition of the patient. Tube feeding preparations should contain all basic nutrients in optimal relation to each other and in an easily decomposable, well reabsorbable form. Moreover, in the production of tube feeding the sufficient supply of the patient with essential alimentary ingredients and vital trace elements should be taken into account. PMID- 808494 TI - Total parenteral alimentation in childhood general considerations. AB - The paper presents a discussion of the definition, the indications and some of the difficulties and complications of total long-term parenteral alimentation in infants and children. The problems of protein quality, the inadequacy of the E/T ratio, the quantities and quality of carbohydrates and the metabolic complications due to inappropriate electrolyte and mineral salts composition are reviewed. It is pointed out that the optimal amounts of some of the components used are still under investigation, that there seems to be no imperative reason not to use glucose as the sole carbohydrate in this age group and that most of the possible long-term sequelae and complications of total long-term parenteral alimentation will have to be looked for by prospective studies of the children treated. PMID- 808493 TI - [The technic of infusion treatment and parenteral feeding in newborns and infants]. AB - The various infusion techniques used in The Children's Hospital of the University Zurich are described. The undoubted advantages in the application of central venous catheters have to be weighed against some dangers, which exist even when using the best techniques. Infection is the most important danger. Central venous catheters should, therefore, be used only if and as long there is a definite indication. In pediatric medicine and surgery the most important indications are certain cases of pre- and postoperative infusion therapy, treatment of shock as well as long-term parenteral alimentation. The most effective measures for the prevention of catheter infections are an aseptic insertion technique and the removal of the catheter as soon as possible. PMID- 808495 TI - [Parenteral feeding in child surgery. Results of balance studies]. AB - After operations in infancy considerable negative nitrogen balances are regularly observed. Balance examinations have demonstrated that there is a minimal requirement of 300 to 350 mg N in the form of a crystalline amino acid solution for the normalization of the catabolic condition of metabolism. The administration of nitrogen, however, is only reasonable, if simultaneously 60 cal/kg of combustible energy is supplied. In severe surgical diseases and in neonates the metabolic requirements can be twice as high. In such cases, if correctly applied and accompanied by controls of the metabolic condition, parenteral nutrition can be useful and may, therefore, be regarded as one of the greatest progresses of modern medicine. PMID- 808496 TI - [Paraplacental feeding of the fetus]. AB - Amino acids, intraamnially administered, disappear unexpectedly rapidly and relatively uniformly from the amniotic fluid. During a placental insufficiency and thus a simultaneously present intrauterine protein deficiency, the amino acid level in the amniotic fluid decreases especially rapidly whereas it remains practically unchanged for hours following death in utero. This observation suggests that the infused amino acids are utilized by the living fetus. This is supported by a decrease in the glucose concentration and an increase in the pyruvate of the amniotic fluid. According to the experiences obtained until now it seems reasonable to supply the fetus with vital substrates via the paraplacental route. PMID- 808497 TI - [Amino acid requirements of premature and newborn infants under conditions of parenteral feeding]. AB - In pediatric literature there are reported good clinical results after administration of nearly all hitherto tested amino acid solutions despite their different composition. In a first series of experiments on 10 premature infants with a commercial amino acid solution, which was developed for adults, there occurred--despite good tolerance and positive nitrogen balance--distinct disturbances in methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, glycine, serine and alanine homeostasis. These disturbances nearly reached the extent of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. It, therefore, seemed necessary to develop an optimal amino acid solution for parenteral nutrition of premature and newborn infants. There followed a second series of experiments on 5 infants with a correspondingly changed amino acid pattern, a third and a fourth one. By an experimental examination, which was carried out in 80 orally fed infants, normal serum values were determined. On the basis of the findings obtained in the course of these examinations and under consideration of well-known requirement rates determined in oral nutrition it was possible to develop an amino acid solution with highly reduced metabolic risk. At the same time the physiological regulation range of some amino acids could be clarified satisfactorily. By this the significance of tyrosine, proline and possibly glycine as essential amino acids for the young infancy was proved. Further examinations on lysine and leucine metabolism are being carried out. PMID- 808498 TI - [Glycerin: utilization, turnover capacity and biokinetic data in intravenous administration in the rat]. AB - During continuous infusions of 24--48 hours, glycerol utilization and turnover capacity in rats were estimated in a range from physiological to toxic doses. Total clearance, elimination constant, half life, transfer and pool size were calculated for various rates of infusion as well as for the endogenous turnover. With increasing blood level, the turnover rate rises like an enzyme saturation curve, first rapidly and then ever more slowly to a maximum value. Therefore, the steady state blood levels do not increase linearly with the infusion rate. The renal excretion of glycerol is below 1 per cent of the supply up to rates of infusion of 0.4g with kg-1 with h-1. Even beyond the upper limit of the metabolic turnover a steady state is reached due to the high renal excretion. Beginning with 2 mumol/ml the excretion rises linearly with the blood level. At rates higher than 0.5g with kg-1 with h-1 the individual differences of the steady state levels are high. A significant negative correlation between the steady state levels of glycerol in blood and the activity of glycerol kinase in the liver and kidneys was observed. Necroses of the renal tubuli were found at infusion rates exceeding the turnover capacity in animals with low enzyme activity. The conclusions which may be drawn from these data regarding the parenteral supply of energy-yielding substrates are discussed. PMID- 808499 TI - In situ production of a synthetic barrier dressing for burn wounds in rats. AB - We describe the in situ production of a burn wound dressing applied to eschar that completely isolates burned tissue from contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anesthetized, adult rats were subjected to a scald burn over 10% of their body surfaces. One-half hour later a test dressing presumed to be a barrier to bacterial contamination of the wound was applied to the burned surface. Tannic acid, vaseline, ethyl linoleate, collodion, and polyhydroxethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) were evaluated. Each agent was applied directly to the burned surface. A solid film of the PHEMA was produced on the eschar by addition of solvent and a powdered form of the polymer. The surface of each synthetic dressing was contaminated 30 min after application by the addition of 10(8) P. aeruginosa. Also, a control set of rats was burned and their eschars were directly contaminated without application of the test dressing. Seven days later the contaminated muscle under the burned area in 10 control rats had P. aeruginosa counts of 10(7) to 10(8) per g of muscle (wet weight). Of the materials tested, only PHEMA consistently acted as an effective barrier dressing, reducing bacteria in the muscle to undetectable levels in 11 of 14 tests. It was also possible to treat contaminated eschar through this synthetic dressing by topical application of antibiotics to the barrier surface. The results suggest a novel clinical approach in which a barrier dressing could be used to isolate a burn eschar from environmental and subject contamination until the wound site is ready for grafting. PMID- 808500 TI - Experimental studies on cholera immunization. 4. The antibody response to formalinized Vibrio cholerae and purified endotoxin with special reference to protective capacity. AB - The primary and secondary antibody responses in rabbits, intravenously immunized with formalin-killed Vibrio cholerae, were studied with regard to amount, immunoglobulin class distribution and binding qualities of the antibodies to the bacterial endotoxin. Further the protective capacity of antisera and purified antibodies against experimental cholera infection was analyzed and related to the in vitro characteristics of the immune preparations. For the employed 1,000-fold varied range of bacteria used for immunization, the dose dependance of the amount and binding qualities of the antibodies, formed after a single antigen injection, was negligible. In the secondary responses, however, slightly increasing antibody titres and avidities as well as moderately rising protective titres were registered with increasing immunization doses. In the primary response to an optimally immunogenic dose of 1 X 10(10) bacteria the highest IgM titres were noted after 1 week and the maximal IgG titres after 6 weeks, whereas the avidity of vibriocidal antibodies and the protective titres of sera increased for at least 3 months. A booster injection 4 weeks after the primary immunization gave the highest IgG, IgM and protective titres within 1 week, whereafter all titres gradually decreased. Moreover, higher maximal antibody and protective titres were noted in the secondary than in the primary response. An immunological memory could also be induced by purified V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), since a booster injection of this antigen gave rise to higher and earlier appearing antibody titres than the first immunization. The influence of the interval between a first and a second immunization on the amount and the avidity of the secondary response antibodies was comparatively small, whereas the protective titres increased markedly with shortening interval. The relation between protection against experimental cholera, as tested in the rabbit small bowel loop system using live vibrios for challenge, and the in vitro estimates of antibody amount and binding properties was poor. However, the IgM antibody titres, determined with an immunosorbent assay, and the antibody binding qualities, as measured by quantitative inhibition in a vibriocidal assay, showed statistically significant correlations with the protective titres. Purification of anti endotoxin antibodies was achieved by affinity chromatography using columns with V. cholerae LPS covalently coupled to Sepharose beads. The antibodies bound specifically to the gel and could later be eluted by acid buffers. Decreasing pH of the buffer released antibodies with increasing avidity. Antiserum taken early after a primary immunization had a higher proportion of antibodies, eluted at a high pH, than antisera taken late in the primary and secondary responses. PMID- 808502 TI - Epidemiology and chemotherapy of opportunistic infections due to Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. AB - Pseudomonas and Klebsiella are now important agents of opportunistic infection. They are widely distributed in nature, and both groups consist of many distinct types. The distribution of types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the same in infections and in faecal carriers and this suggests that carriers may be a major source of infecting strains. Gentamicin is effective against almost all strains of pseudomonas; carbenicillin, though not effective alone against as high a proportion of strains, acts synergistically with gentamicin. The epidemiology of Klebsiella infections is poorly understood; symptomless colonization of patients with Klebsiella is frequently the preliminary to clinical infection. Klebsiella strains show a wide range of patterns of antibiotic sensitivity, and multiresistant strains very often owe their resistance to the acquisition of R factors. PMID- 808501 TI - Serum IgE levels in paraproteinaemia. AB - Serum IgE levels were measured by radioimmunoassay with a 'Phadesbas test kit' in 45 patients with multiple myeloma or macroglobulinaemia. As with other immunoglobulin classes, low serum levels of IgE were found. PMID- 808503 TI - Experimental oroparanasal communication in monkeys. AB - Experimental oroparanasal communications were established in nine monkeys (Macaca irus) through the alveoli of the maxillary first or second molars after extraction of these teeth. The communications between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity were supported by use of a polyethylene catheter fixed with sutures. The observation time ranged from 1 to 6 days. Histologic study of the maxillary sinus mucous membrane revealed inflammatory changes especially in the floor and the lower part of the walls of the maxillary cavity. These findings were most pronounced at 6 days post injury. Epithelial proliferation along the catheter was found on the 3rd day, 1-2 mm from the antral mucous membrane. A continuous epithelial covering of the oroantral communication was not verified in any of the specimens 6 days postoperatively. The proliferation along the catheter of the communication tract seemed more pronounced in the antral part at all observation periods. PMID- 808504 TI - Effect of human serum plus streptokinase on spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas transplanted in the maxillary sinus of the rabbit. AB - The effect of fibrinolysis induced by human serum plus streptokinase on the spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas transplanted in the maxillary sinus of the rabbit was investigated. Human serum plus streptokinase could well induce fibrinolysis in the tumor-bearing rabbits. Induced fibrinolysis significantly promoted the spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas. PMID- 808505 TI - A photographic method of assessing swelling following third molar removal. AB - No objective method for measuring postoperative swelling both simply and reliably is known from the literature. The method described in this article measures the degree of swelling indirectly by comparing tracings of pre- and postoperative photographs printed full-size. The photographs taken are standardized and full face. The head is reproducibly fixed by means of a bite impression and two rings. One ring is mounted on a table on which the camera also is fixed. At the other, mobile, ring the bit impression is fixed. Three-point contact in the correct position between the two rings is signalled electrically, so that the head is in the correct position and the photograph can be taken. The advantage of this method over a rigis connection between bite fork and fixation stand on the table is that distortion or even bending of the fork and connecting bar is not possible. Experience with this method shows that in 95% of the patients photographed the picture was exactly reproducible. Measuring non-operated test persons revealed the reproducibility of the cheek contour to be better than 0.2 mm. The error made when tracing the photographs is of about the same magnitude. PMID- 808506 TI - Tooth extraction in a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - A 14-year-old Japanese boy suffering from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia required extraction of two permanent teeth and one primary tooth. This report deals with the details of the procedure and discusses the effect of platelet transfusion and local management in tooth extraction of patients with this hemorrhagic diathesis. PMID- 808507 TI - Osteotomy of the pterygomaxillary junction. AB - In an attempt to overcome the faults of the Le Fort I type of operation, the pterygomaxillary junction was experimentally fractured with the classical Obwegeser osteotome and the results compared with those obtained with an osteotome of a design based upon the anatomic pecularities of that area. The modification proved to be successful and justified a clinical trial; the results were compared with those obtained on the dissecting room specimens. PMID- 808509 TI - Guidelines for job health, safety management. PMID- 808510 TI - A Hg (II) induced conformational change in penicillinase. AB - Penicillinase (E.C. 3.5.2.6) from Bacillus cereus 569/H is inhibited by Hg(II). The inhibition is characterized by non-competitive kinetics and can be reversed by EDTA. A Hg(II) induced conformational change is indicated because: (1) The EDTA regenerated activity is unstable and is rapidly converted to an iodine sensitive state, and (2) An irreversible change in the circular dichroism spectrum at 222 nm is found. PMID- 808508 TI - The effect of BCG on the course of experimental Chagas' disease in mice. PMID- 808511 TI - Megacolon surgery. PMID- 808512 TI - [Viral etiology of cancer (oncogenic viruses)]. PMID- 808513 TI - The rates of ion movement from plasma to aqueous humor in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. AB - Aqueous humor dynamics were studied in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias, using isotopically labeled inulin, Na+, Cl-, and HCO-3. Fluid production was 100 mul per hour, with a turnover rate constant of 0.4 hr.-1, about half that of mammals. The ciliary process contains carbonic anhydrase and Na-K-ATPase. Diffusion of Na+ and Cl- from plasma to aqueous was four to five times greater than flow, and from aqueous to vitreous, about 15 times greater. Sodium and chloride secretion is masked by the diffusion process; neither ouabain nor acetazolamide yield measurable effects on accumulation of these isotopes. HCO-3 accumulation in aqueous was very rapid and was reduced by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. Analyses of the data suggest that newly formed aqueous has similar Na+ concentration to plasma, but is high in HCO-3 and low in Cl-. This anion pattern resembles mammalian aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid and endolymph of other vertebrates. These and other data suggest that constant features of formation of these fluids in all phyla are sodium transport and formation of HCO-3 from CO2. PMID- 808514 TI - Histology of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus after unilateral lid closure and experimental strabismus: further observations. AB - The histology of binocularly and monocularly innervated portions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was studied after unilateral lid closure and experimental esotropia and exotropia in the Macaca mulatta and the results were compared with behavioral and neurophysiological data. The most severe cell shrinkage occurred in two animals who had one eye sutured during the first week of life; all dorsal and ventral deprived LGN layers, including the monocular segment, were involved. Less severe anomalies and sparing of the monocular segment were encountered in esotropic amblyopic monkeys and the least severe changes were in exotropic animals without amblyopia. The severity of behavioral, neurophysiologic, and histologic changes following unilateral lid suture or experimental strabismus could be correlated in all animals studied. The data indicate that the order of susceptibility of the LGN to reduced or abnormal visual input early in life appears to be: dorsal laminae greater than ventral laminae greater than monocular segment. PMID- 808515 TI - Inhibition of adrenocortical responses following sciatic nerve stimulation in rats with medial forebrain bundle and mammillary peduncular lesions. PMID- 808516 TI - Ketone body metabolism in normal, obese and diabetic subjects. PMID- 808517 TI - Metabolic fuels of the fetus. PMID- 808518 TI - Case studies in bioethics: who has first claim on health care resources? PMID- 808519 TI - Dental care in 'long-stay' hospitals in Scotland. PMID- 808520 TI - A biological environmental chamber for the culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The control of gonorrhea is enhanced by the rapid and accurate detection of the causative organism through use of bacteriological culture techniques. The culture medium of Thayer and Martin is the medium of choice for cultivating Neisseria gonorrhoeae from specimens suspected of harboring this organism. The validity of culture results often depends on how the inoculated medium was handled before it arrived in the laboratory. Several procedures have been suggested for providing adequate environmental conditions for the survival and growth of the gonococcus. After examining various methods, we conclude that the method employing the Biological Environmental Chamber is an improvement over other methods. The chamber is a convenient and workable container for microbiological cultures. PMID- 808521 TI - Letter: A gonococcal-inhibitory factor in C albicans. PMID- 808522 TI - Streptovirudins, new antibiotics with antibacterial and antiviral activity. II. Isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of streptovirudins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, and D2. AB - Streptovirudin is a complex of antibiotics isolated from fermentation of a Streptomyces strain. Eight components have been isolated as pure substances, designated as streptovirudins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, and D2. The streptovirudins are chemically and biologically related to each other and appear to be a new family of antibiotics exhibiting activity against a variety of Gram positive bacteria, mycobacteria, and various DNA- and RNA-viruses. According to their physico-chemical properties these antibiotics have been classified in series I and II. The streptovirudins of series II (A2, B2, C2, D2) are related to the reported antibiotics tunicamycin, mycospocidin and 24010. PMID- 808523 TI - Chemical studies on tuberactinomycin. VIII. Isolation of tuberactinamine N, the cyclic peptide moiety of tuberactinomycin N, and conversion of tuberactinomycin N to O. AB - Tuberactinamine N, the cyclic peptide moiety of tuberactinomycin N, was obtained in a crystalline state through liberation of gamma-hydroxy-beta-lysine from tuberactinomycin N by acid treatment. Tuberactinamine N possesses an intramolecular hydrogen bond in its molecule and showed antibacterial activities comparable to those of the original antibiotics. Conversion of tuberactinomycin N to O was achieved through coupling of diacyl-beta-lysine with tuberactinamine N followed by removal of the protecting groups. PMID- 808524 TI - Antraformin, a new inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis transformation. AB - A convenient method was worked out which discriminates between inhibitory activity of compounds against Bacillus subtilis transformation and their antibacterial or growth inhibition activity. By this assay system, several drugs and antibiotics were tested and some of them were found to be more inhibitory to transformation than to bacterial growth. This method was further applied to look for specific inhibitors among culture broths of Streptomyces, and during this screening program, Streptomyces sp. 7725-CC1 was found to produce a specific inhibitor of B. subtilis transformation. The active substance was purified and named antraformin after its specific action. The molecular weight was suggested to be 279 (C14H21N3O2) for the compound by high resolution mass spectrometry. PMID- 808525 TI - Laboratory studies with cefatrizine (SK + F 60771), a new broad-spectrum orally active cephalosporin. AB - Cefatrizine (SK&F 60771), a new orally-active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, was compared with cephalexin and cefazolin for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic behavior in laboratory animals. The average MIC values obtained with cefatrizine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were superior to those obtained with cephalexin and somewhat poorer than those of cefazolin. In addition, a large percentage of the enterobacter and enterococcus isolates were found to be susceptible. Cefatrizine had a longer biological half-life and a higher peak serum level than either cefazolin or cephalexin when administered parenterally or orally to mice at 20 mg/kg. It had striking in vivo protective activity in mice infected with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Hemophilus influenzae, Proteus morganii or Staphylococcus aureus reflecting its superior pharmacokinetic profile in this animal species. A variable pharmacokinetic response between animal species was observed when cefatrizine was administered either orally or parenterally to dogs, squirrel monkeys or rabbits. PMID- 808526 TI - Mechanism of tetracycline resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying an R factor. PMID- 808527 TI - Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 assay for aflatoxin B activation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - A rapid and sensitive microbial assay was developed to detect lethal products of aflatoxin B metabolism by rainbow trout (Salmon gairdneri) Mt. Shasta strain. Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 (hisA1, uvr-1, metB4), a DNA repair deficient strain, was incubated for 20 min in the 20,000 times g supernate from trout liver homogenates which had been preincubated for 10 min with various levels of aflatoxin B. Serial dilutions of the incubation mixture were plated in triplicate on tryptose blood agar base plates and colonies were counted after 12 hr at 37 degrees C. One mumole aflatoxin B in 3.2 ml incubation mixture reduced viability 60%. PMID- 808528 TI - Collaborative study of a microbiological assay for lasalocid sodium in feeds. AB - The microbiological cylinder plate assay method for lasalocid sodium reported earlier was studied in a slightly modified form by 7 laboratories. Assay values paralleled recovery values and all data were corrected by the corresponding daily recovery factor for the feed type. Agreement between laboratories for mashes and pellets containing 0.0064, 0.0080, and 0.0096% lasalocid sodium was satisfactory. Coefficients of variation for mashes were 14.6, 9.8, and 10.7% and for pellets, 15,2, 10.9, and 15.6%. The average of the values found for the 3 mashes was 99.4% of the calculated value and for the 3 pellets, 86.5%. The method has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 808529 TI - Uptake of C4 dicarboxylates and pyruvate by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. AB - The uptake of C4 dicarboxylates by cells from exponential cultures of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides followed saturation kinetics at concentrations below 100 muM with Km values for succinate, malate, and fumarate of 2.7, 2.3, and 0.8, respectively. Corresponding Vmax values of 50, 52, and 67.5 nmol/min per mg of protein at 20 C were obtained. Each of these compounds interfered competitively with uptake of the others, and a common transport system appears to be involved. Fructose-grown cells took up C4 dicarboxylates only at very low rates, and pyruvate-grown cells took up C4 dicarboxylates at one-third the rates found with succinate-grown cultures. Malonate and maleate inhibited uptake less severely, and aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate had no effect at 100-fold excess. Divalent metals stimulated uptake. Light or respiration was required for uptake, and entered materials were rapidly converted to other metabolities, notably amino acids. Pyruvate entry appeared to be mediated by several systems, of which only one could be resolved kinetically. This system had a Km of 13 muM and Vmax of 5.6 nmol/min per mg of protein at 20 C. A number of related mono- and dicarboxylates interfered with pyruvate uptake. The pyruvate uptake system was distinguishable from the C4 dicarboxylate system by the absence of divalent cation stimulation and by substrate and inhibitor specificity. PMID- 808530 TI - Control of chromosome replication in thymine-requiring strains of Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - Study of the replication pattern of a number of B. subtilis 168 strains under controlled physiological conditions revealed great interstrain variation in control of replication. Replication patterns were calculated from ratios of purA16/leu-8 and purA16/metB5 transformation frequency. The thymine-independent strains are under strict regulation with an average of one replication position per chromosome during log phase. After starvation for required amino acids or sporulation, the chromosome is in a completed state with no replication forks (class I). In contrast, several thymine-requiring strains (class III) have an average of three to four replication positions per chromosome during log phase (multiforked replication) of which one to two remain uncompleted after amino acid starvation or sporulation. The other thymine-requiring strains studied are intermediate (class II) in that they have an average of two replication positions per chromosome during log phase and one after amino acid starvation or sporulation. Pulse chase experiments indicate that the deoxyribonucleic acid which is close to the chromosomal origin on each branch of the multiforked chromosome is bound to a rapidly sedimenting cellular fraction, presumably membrane. PMID- 808531 TI - Mode of cell wall synthesis in gram-positive bacilli. AB - Ultrastructural experiments on plasmolyzed cells suggested that the information for the position and orderly synthesis of septa is not determined by the attachment of cell membrane to previously formed wall. These experiments, in conjunction with others on cells disrupted by the freeze-fracture technique, are most consistent with wall growth over the entire surface of the rods, with wall material gradually moving from a position next to the cell membrane to a position at the outer surface of the cell. PMID- 808533 TI - Cell wall growth of Bacillus megaterium: cytoplasmic radioactivity after pulse labeling with tritiated diaminopimelic acid. AB - Study of the cell wall growth in Bacillus megaterium by pulse-labeling a DAP- Lys mutant with tritiated diaminopimelic acid (DAP) had revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic radioactivity. The nature of this radioactivity was studied on one hand by autoradiographic analysis of bacteria treated in different ways and on the other hand by chromatography of the radioactive compounds extracted with boiling water. It is shown that cytoplasmic radioactivity corresponds neither to free DAP nor to DAP metabolized into lysine, but to murein precursors. Autoradiographic analysis of bacteria in which all murein precursors were removed gives exactly the same cell wall growth pattern as the one previously obtained for untreated bacteria. It can be concluded that, in B. megaterium, cell wall elongation occurs by diffuse intercalation of newly synthesized murein along the cylindrical part of the cell wall and that only cross wall formation occurs in a precise growth zone. PMID- 808532 TI - Study of cell wall growth in Bacillus megaterium by high-resolution autoradiography. AB - Growth of the cell wall of Bacillus megaterium was studied by pulse-labeling the cell wall of a DAP- Lys- mutant for a very short time with tritium-labeled diaminopimelic acid. The distribution of radioactivity along the cell wall was examined by high-resolution autoradiography on isolated cell walls and thin sections of bacteria. The results indicate that cell wall elongation occurs by diffuse intercalation of newly synthesized murein into the expanding cell wall during exponential growth, as well as during germination, and that the only zone of highly localized diaminopimelic acid incorporation is found at the cross wall during its synthesis. This zone contains about 30% of the radioactivity incorporated into the cell wall. Analysis of autoradiographs of thin sections of bacteria shows that the total radioactivity incorporated per bacterium doubles during the life cycle. This doubling occurs in the cylindrical part of the cell wall but not in the polar caps. This seems to indicate that elongation of the bacterium is not constant during the life cycle but increases with the length of the cell. PMID- 808534 TI - Anucleate cell production and surface extension in a temperature-sensitive chromosome initiation mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - At 45 C, in a temperature-sensitive initiation mutant (TsB134) of Bacillus subtilis 168 Thy- tryp-, growing in a glucose-arginine minimal medium, chromosome completion occurred over a period of 80 to 90 min, after which there was no further nuclear division. Normal symmetrical cell divisions continued for a generation afterwards, so that nuclei were segregated into separate cells. During this period asymmetric divisions started to occur. Septa appeared at 25 to 30% from one end of the cell, giving a small anucleate cell and a larger nucleate cell. During inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by thymine starvation under the restrictive conditions, asymmetrical division also occurred until there was approximately one nucleus per cell (about one generation time). Asymmetric division, giving anucleate cells, then occurred. Similar results were obtained when DNA synthesis was inhibited by nalidixic acid. After 3 h at 45 C, the rate of anucleate cell production in the presence and absence of thymine was constant at one division per 85 min per chromosome terminus present when DNA synthesis stopped. In the absence of DNA synthesis (during thymine starvation) at 35 C, growth in cell length was linear (i.e., the rate was constant), but at 45 C during thymine starvation the rate gradually increased by more than twofold. It is suggested that this was due to the establishment of new sites of growth associated with anucleate cell production. In the presence of thymine at 45 C, the rate of length extension increased by more than fourfold, which it is suggested was caused by the appearance of new growth zones as a result of chromosome termination and a contribution associated with anucleate cell production. If the mutant was incubated at 45 C for 90 min, both in the presence and absence of thymine, then anucleate cell formation could continue on restoration to 35 C in the absence of thymine... PMID- 808535 TI - Apparent inactivation of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in sporulating Bacillus subtilis Is an artifact of in vitro proteolysis. AB - The intracellular levels of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase were found to decline very slowly during stationary phase in Bacillus subtilis when adequate precautions were taken to prevent proteolysis after cell rupture. PMID- 808536 TI - Receptors for chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - At least three receptors for chemotaxis toward L-amino acids in Bacillus subtilis could be found with the aid of taxis competition experiments. They are called the asparagine receptor, which detects asparagine and glutamine, the isoleucine receptor, which detects isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, and methionine, and the alanine receptor, which detects alanine and proline. Histidine and glycine could not be assigned to one of these receptors. Cysteine and methionine were found to be general inhibitors of chemotaxis and serine was found to be a general stimulator of chemotaxis. Some structural analogues of amino acids were tested for chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of B. subtilis is compared with that of Escherichia coli. PMID- 808537 TI - Facultative anoxygenic photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica. AB - An isolate from H2S-rich layers of the Solar Lake, the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica, exhibits both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. It can use Na2S as an electron donor for CO2 photoassimilation (photosystem I supplies the energy) in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea or 700-nm light. A stoichiometric ratio of approximately 2 is observed between the Na2S consumed and the photoassimilated CO2. The anoxygenic phototrophic capability of this cyanobacterium explains its growth in nature in high sulfide concentrations and indicates a selective advantage. PMID- 808538 TI - Permanent loss of chromosome initiation in toluene-treated Bacillus subtilis cells. AB - Initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication is absent in Bacillus subtilis cells made permeable by toluene. The absence of initiation may be (i) a temporary removal of toluene, or (ii) irreversibly lost due to damage by toluene treatment to a cellular structure or a process required for chromosome initiation. Washed cells, previously treated with toluene and subsequently washed free of detectable amounts of toluene, have the same characteristics of toluene-treated cells in which toluene is not removed. The continued absence of initiation in the washed cells indicates a permanent loss of initiation in cells treated with toluene. Protein synthesis is also inhibited irreversibly by toluene treatment, indicating damage to translation as a possible mechanism for loss of initiation of toluene treated cells. PMID- 808539 TI - Substrate concentration dependence of the rate of maltose hydrolysis by saccharifying alpha-amylase from B. subtilis. AB - 1. The action of saccharifying alpha-amylase from B. subtilis [EC 3.2.1.1] on eq- (the equilibrium mixture of alpha- and beta-forms) and beta-maltose was studied at pH 5.4 and 25 degrees. 2. The plots of initial velocity versus substrate concentration showed remarkable sigmoidal curves for both substrates. 3. The value of Hill's coefficient for eq- and beta-maltose were determined to be 3.3 and 3.8, respectively. PMID- 808540 TI - Arrangement of human erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - The orientation of human erythrocyte membrane protein was examined by enzymic iodination using lactoperoxidase with the glucose-oxidase system for generating peroxide, followed by proteolytic digestion. The outer surface of intact cells was labeled with 125I and the cytoplasmic surface of either resealed ghosts containing lactoperoxidase or of inside-out vesicles was labeled with 131I. Following iodination, the outer surface (resealed ghosts) or the cytoplasmic surface (outer surface of inside-out vesicles) was digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or pronase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the isolated membranes revealed three major and several minor peaks of radioactivity. Their surface orientation, defined within the limits of the specificity of the probes used, was as follows: the three major peaks consist of: (a) a 90,000 to 100,000 molecular weight component labeled on both surfaces; its proteolytic digestion profile indicated that it spans the membrane in an asymmetric manner and that it is composed of more than one peptide; (b) the major red cell membrane glycoprotein (apparent molecular weight 60,000) which is labeled and digested at only the outer surface; and (c) peptide(s) of high molecular weight (approximately 200,000), labeled and digested at only the cytoplasmic surface. The minor components include a glycoprotein of approximately 25,000 (apparent molecular weight) accessible to both surfaces and peptides of 60,000 to 70,000, 45,000, and 20,000 molecular weight labeled only on the inner surface. PMID- 808541 TI - Proinsulin: a proposed three-dimensional structure. AB - Empirical analysis of the primary structures of 10 mammalian C-peptides has indicated a conservation of conformation. The positioning of the C-peptide in the proinsulin molecule is essentially defined by the proposed secondary structure, the covalent connection to the A1 and B30 residues of insulin and the requirement that C-peptide lies against the exposed surface of the insulin hexamer, allowing a three-dimensional structure for proinsulin to be predicted. Conserved residues in the C-peptide are proximate to residues in insulin that are also conserved, suggesting that interactions between these residues are highly probable. Residues in insulin thought to be important for biological activity are principally those that interact with the C-peptide residues. The role of the C-peptide region in proinsulin in preventing expression of insulin activity and for nucleation of the folding of the prohormone are discussed. PMID- 808543 TI - Energy-dependent accumulation of iron by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Requirement of reducing equivalents and evidence for a unidirectional flux of Fe(II) across the inner membrane. AB - The relationship between the rate of endogenous respiration and the energy dependent accumulation of iron and calcium was studied in rat liver mitochondria energized by external ATP and inhibited to a variable extent by rotenone. In contrast to the uptake of calcium, that of iron revealed an absolute requirement for reducing equivalents supported by the respiratory chain, which indicates that iron crosses the inner membrane only in the ferrous form. Experimental evidence is presented that a primary event of the energy-linked uptake of iron is that Fe(III) is bound to ligands on the C-side of the inner membrane, ligands which have a unique microenvironment giving the metal a half-reduction potential which is sufficiently high to establish a oxidation-reduction equilibrium with the respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c. In addition, evidence is presented that this accumulation represents a unidirectional flux of Fe(II) from the C-side to the M-side of the inner membrane and the matrix where it is tightly bound to ligands (proteins?) not yet characterized. As expected, the energy dependent accumulation of iron is accompanied by an internal alkalinization of the mitochondria analogous to that observed for calcium. A schematic model of the energized accumulation of iron by rat liver mitochondria is presented. PMID- 808544 TI - Transport mechanism for succinate and phosphate localized in the plasma membrane of bovine spermatozoa. AB - Bovine spermatozoa accumulated a small amount of 32Pi during aerobic incubation in vitro. At least 50% of the acquired isotope rapidly entered cellular nucleotides. Both adenosine and guanosine di- and triphosphates were labeled, but contrary to expectations, the specific activity of ADP exceeded that of ATP. The uptake of phosphate and its incorporation into nucleotides were suppressed by respiratory inhibitors and were abolished by treatment with sulfhydryl-directed reagents at 10 to 20 nmol/mg of sperm protein. With fructose as an energy source for motility, glycolysis did not support phosphate uptake. Nucleotide labeling was increased 60 to 80-fold when the cells were treated with the polyene antibiotic filipin, and filipin was able to reverse the inhibition of phosphate (and succinate) entry produced by N-ethylmaleimide or mersalyl. Since filipin interacts specifically with the cholesterol-containing plasma membrane of bovine spermatozoa and increases its permeability, it is probable that the plasma membrane normally limits phosphate and succinate transport into these cells. This contention is further supported by the observation that high concentrations of extracellular Pi, the penetration of which was extremely limited under these conditions, protected against inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide. Phosphate uptake was increased 10 to 20-fold, but nucleotide labeling was inhibited, when calcium was present in the incubation medium. Ruthenium red, presumably acting extracellularly, prevented these effects of calcium. Thus, the entry of phosphate and succinate into spermatozoa is controlled by plasma membrane components that resemble the phosphate and succinate exchangers and calcium carrier found in mitochondria isolated from other sources. PMID- 808542 TI - On the interaction of alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase during lactose synthesis. AB - The regulatory effect of alpha-lactalbumin in the lactose synthase system has been ascribed to its reversible association with a complex of galactosyltransferase with Mn2+ and UDP-galactose, prior to the binding of monosaccharides; the resulting complex has a higher affinity for various monosaccharides. Two steps in the postulated catalytic cycle have been investigated; UDP-galactose binding to enzyme-Mn2+ by equilibrium dialysis and alpha-lactalbumin binding to enzyme-Mn2+-UDP-galactose by sedimentation velocity and kinetics. There is a single binding site for UDP-galactose on the enzyme-Mn2+ complex, and the dissociation constant for UDP-galactose from enzyme-Mn2+-UDP galactose was found to be 72 muM at 37 degrees. The formation of a complex between galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin in the presence of Mn2+ and UDP-galactose was observed as an increase in sedimentation coefficient of enzyme activity So20,w from 3.25 +/- 0.03 in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin to 4.22 +/ 0.03 at saturating concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin, a value closely similar to that of a cross-linked 1:1 complex of the proteins under the same conditions (4.35 +/- 0.03). No interaction was observed in the absence of substrates or with UDP-galactose and EDTA. From the ultracentrifuge data and steady state kinetics, dissociation constants for alpha-lactalbumin from the enzyme-Mn2+-UDP-galactose alpha-lactalbumin complex were determined at several temperatures and salt concentrations. These showed good internal agreement. The free energy change delta G degrees for the association of the two proteins is calculated, and the results are discussed in relation to the nature of the interaction. PMID- 808545 TI - The formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins. AB - A method was developed which permitted determination of the [14C]benzylpenicillin and [14C]Cephapirin binding capacity of rapidly growing Bacillus subtilis cells in liquid culture. Over the concentration range of the binding plateau (0.1 to 0.8 mug/ml), [14C]benzylpenicillin significantly inhibited formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins, but had comparatively little effect on total bacterial protein synthesis. The data suggest that penicillin covalently bound to the cells in a chemically stable manner alone is not sufficient to inhibit formation of functional binding proteins and that unbound penicillin in the growth medium is necessary. The concentration of unbound antibiotic in the culture medium, in turn, is a function of the cell-bound penicillinase activity whose significance increases with cell density. [14C]Cephapirin, a cephalosporin resistant to this cell-bound penicillinase almost completely inhibited the formation of functional Cephapirin-binding proteins, but had relatively little effect on total protein synthesis. At concentrations 250-fold higher than that required to inhibit formation of functional binding proteins. Cephapirin did not inhibit particulate D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity and presumably did not bind covalently to this penicillin-binding protein. PMID- 808546 TI - Mutagenesis of certain activated carcinogens in vitro associated with genetically mediated increases in monooxygenase activity and cytochrome P 1-450. AB - A bacterial mutagenesis assay and genetic differences in microsomal CO-binding cytochromes were combined in vitro to evaluate the metabolic activation of several known carcinogens to frameshift mutagens. With the use of liver fractions from C57BL/6N and DBA/2N control mice and mice treated in vivo with 3 methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoglavone, phenobarbital, or 2,3,7,, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the in vitro mutagenicity of 3-methylcholanthrene, 6 aminochrysene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene --but not benzo[a]pyrene==is closely associated with the genetically mediated difference in both aromatic hydrocarbon inducible aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity and new cytochrome P1-450 formation; such an association between 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene or benz[a]anthracene activation to mutagens in vitro and these genetic differences between C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mouse strains in uncertain. The Salmonella typhimurium histidine mutant TA1538 is more effective than tester strains TA1537 and TA1535 in the determination of 3 methylcholanthrene mutagenesis in vitro. The relationships between the histidine revertant rate as a function of both liver protein concentration per plate and mutagen concentration per plate are illustrated for 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, 6-aminochrysene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene. With the use of offspring from the appropriate genetic crosses, the aromatic hydrocarbon inducible hydroxylase activity appears to be expressed as an autosomal dominant trait, whereas the mutagenesis of 3-methylcholanthrene in vitro appears to be expressed additively; this apparent discrepancy probably reflects different proportional amounts of phenolic benzo[a]pyrene, compared with mutagenic 3 methylcholanthrene metabolites, formed by the monooxygenase(s). 3 Methylcholanthrene, 6-aminochrysene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene--but not benzo[a]pyrene--are each more mutagenic in vitro per molecule of cytochrome P1 450 than per molecule of CO-binding cytochrome other than P1450. Diethylmaleate, a compound which depletes flutathione content in liver, and 1,1,1 trichloropropene-2,3-epoxide, an inhibitor of epoxide hydrase (EC 4.2.1.63), were also studied in vitro. Diethylmaleate, and especially 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3 epoxide, increases the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, whereas no increases occur with 3-methylcholanthrene, 6-aminochrysene, or 2-acetylaminofluorene activation to mutagens in vitro. Both diethylmaleate and 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-epoxide cause decreases in 2-acetylaminofluorene mutagenesis in vitro when liver fractions from phenobarbital-treated mice are used. PMID- 808547 TI - Studies of the formation of peptide cross-links in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - A method was developed to label specifically the glycan chains of the cell wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 with [14C]acetate. The formation of peptide cross-links (a) during exponential growth, (b) after valine starvation and wall thickening, and (c) during regrowth after 2 hours of valine starvation, was studied using continuous, pulse and pulse-chase labeling of the peptidoglycan with both [14C]acetate and [3H]lysine. After labeling, walls were isolated, digested with the muramidase of Chalaropsis B, and the "free" peptidoglycan fragments (75 to 90% of the total peptidoglycan) were then fractionated on columns of Sephadex G-50, G-50, and G-25 in series into disaccharide-peptide monomer and peptide cross-linked bisdisaccharide-peptide dimer, trisdisaccharide-peptide trimer, and higher oligomer fractions. Peptidoglycan made during valine starvation and wall thickening was found to be slightly more cross-linked than peptidoglycan made during exponential growth. Pulse and pulse-chase experiments indicated that peptide cross-linking continued for an unexpectedly long time after incorporation of precursors into insoluble peptidoglycan. PMID- 808548 TI - Chemical and physical studies on the structure of Escherichia coli elongation factor G. AB - Elongation Factor G (EF-G) from Escherichia coli was purified to homogenity by a previously published method (Rohrbach, M. S., Dempsey, M. E., and Bodley, J. W. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5094). The protein is composed of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 74,000 under native conditions and 71,000 under denatured conditions as determined by high speed equilibrium centrifugation. An apparent molecular weight of 73,000 was found by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent alpha helix content of 34% as determined from its circular dichroism spectrum. The extinction coefficient at 280 nm was found to be 62,200 M-1 cm-1. Lysine is the COOH-terminal residue and the sequence at the NH2 terminus is alanylarginine. No evidence of terminal heterogeneity was observed. The amino acid composition of EF-G revealed no unusual amino acids or prosthetic groups, but was notable in that the protein contains only 6 cysteine residues. The maintenance of at least one of these cysteines in the reduced form is essential for activity, since the protein is rapidly inactivated upon removal of protecting thiol. Under some conditions, activity can be partly restored by re-addition of a thiol. The per cent activity of the protein was examined by an active site titration, the formation of the EF G-ribosome-GDP-fusidic acid complex. The formation of 1 mol of complex/mol of EF G showed that the protein is 100% active. PMID- 808549 TI - Effect of sterol replacement in vivo on the fatty acid composition of Tetrahymena. AB - The addition of ergosterol to cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis results in (a) the accumulation of the sterol by the cells; (b) the inhibition of the synthesis of the pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohol, tetrahymanol; (c) the replacement of tetrahymanol by ergosterol in the ciliate membranes. The dry weight and lipid content of sterol-supplemented ciliates did not differ from the controls. Examination of the lipid classes revealed no change in composition except for a higher content of ergosterol in supplemented cells than tetrahymanol in control cultures. The relative proportions of triglycerides, the major classes of polar lipids, 1-alkyl phospholipids and phosphonolipids, appeared unaltered. A complex array of fatty acids is found in this ciliate. Several acids not reported previously in this organism were isolated and identified, and the novel fatty acid 18:2 delta 6, 11, was found in substantial amounts. Ergosterol supplementation altered the proportions of the fatty acids, although not all lipid classes were affected to the same extent. The changes noted were of three general types: (a) a shortening of the fatty acyl chain length in the acids of the normal series; (b) a lowering in the degree of unsaturation; (c) a discrimination between two isomers of lionoleate, 18:2 delta 6, 11 and 18:2 delta 9, 12. The former is elevated in the presence of ergosterol while the latter is depressed. Each class of polar lipids has a distinctive fatty acid composition. Among the glycerophospholipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine were least affected, while the mixture of 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-(2-aminoethyl) phosphonate and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-(2-aminoethyl)-phosphonate was most markedly altered. Sphingolipid fatty acid composition was influenced by ergosterol supplementation. Two changes were noted: (a) a reduction in the length of the hydrocarbon chain; (b) an increase in the proportion of alpha-hydroxy acids. The impact of ergosterol on the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids may be on fatty acid biosynthesis, on incorporation of fatty acids, or on the turnover rates of the fatty acyl groups. Ergosterol is concentrated in the ciliary (limiting) membrane, as are the polar lipids most affected. This localization allows the speculation that the change in fatty acid composition may be related to the maintenance of optimal membrane properties upon the introduction of the sterol. PMID- 808550 TI - Angiographic demonstration of the cervical vertebral venous plexus in man. AB - Opacification of the cervical vertebral venous plexus was achieved by injecting contrast material into the upper part of the internal jugular vein while the lower portion of this vein was compressed externally with a tourniquet. The injection was easily performed via a percutaneous catheter which was advanced upwards into the jugular vein. Demonstration of the cervical plexus is made easier with the patients sitting up. Both sides of the plexus may be shown with a single injection if both jugular veins are injected simultaneously through bilateral catheters joined with a Y connector. PMID- 808551 TI - The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surfaces of baby hamster kidney cells. AB - The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surfaces of baby hamster kidney cells were studied by utilizing the multivalent ligand, polycationic ferritin, as a visual probe. Our observations revealed that anionic sites are distributed over the entire cell surface, with the highest density of sites being located on cell surface microextensions. Following the initial binding of polycationic ferritin to the surface of unfixed cells, the ligand-bound anionic sites redistributed by migrating from the surface of microextensions to the surface of the cell body. In 20 min, this migration resulted in a total clearing of anionic sites from the surface of microextensions concomitant with the formation of patches of anionic sites on the surface of the cell body. Polycationic ferritin-induced migration and patch formation of anionic sites was not prevented by 2,4-dinitrophenol, N-ethylmaleimide, colchicine, or cytochalasin B. However, the ligand-induced redistribution of cell surface anionic sites was prevented by prefixation of cells with glutaraldehyde. PMID- 808552 TI - Colchicine-binding protein of the liver. Its characterization and relation to microtubules. AB - Colchicine-binding activity of mouse liver high-speed supernate has been investigated. It has been found to be time and temperature dependent. Two binding activities with different affinities for colchicine seem to be present in this high-speed supernate, of which only the high-affinity binding site (half maximal binding at 5 x 10(-6) M colchicine) can be attributed to microtubular protein by comparison with purified tubulin. Vinblastine interacted with this binding activity by precipitating it when used at high concentrations (2 x 10(-3) M), and by stabilizing it at low concentrations (10(-5) M). Lumicolchicine was found not to compete with colchicine. The colchicine-binding activity was purified from liver and compared with that of microtubular protein from brain. The specific binding activity of the resulting preparation, its electrophoretic behavior, and the electron microscope appearance of the paracrystals obtained upon its precipitation with vinblastine permitted its identification as microtubular protein (tubulin). Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins from liver supernate that were precipitated by vinblastine indicated that this drug was not specific for liver tubulin. Preincubation of liver supernate with 5 mM EGTA resulted in a time-dependent decrease of colchicine-binding activity, which was partly reversed by the addition of Ca++. However, an in vitro formation of microtubules upon lowering the Ca++ concentration could not be detected. Finally, a method was developed enabling that portion of microtubular protein which was present as free tubulin to be measured and to be compared with the total amount of this protein in the tissue. This procedure permitted demonstration of the fact that, under normal conditions, only about 40% of the tubulin of the liver was assemled as microtubules. It is suggested that, in the liver, rapid polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules occur and may be an important facet of the functional role of the microtubular system. PMID- 808554 TI - Survival and death in the mentally-impaired aged. PMID- 808553 TI - Mitotic activity in non-neoplastic melanocytes in vivo as determined by histochemical, autoradiographic, and electron microscope studies. AB - Mitotic figures were demonstrated in the differentiated melanocytes of normal epidermal and nonepidermal tissues without the presence of external stimuli. These dividine melanocytes were present in human and mouse skin, mouse hair, chick feathers, and embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelium. In normal adult human epidermis, dividing melanocytes, though rare, were found in the nonstimulated areas. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reaction on the melanocytes during mitosis demonstrated activity of the melanin-forming enzyme, tyrosinase, and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the characteristic melanosomes in variour stages of maturation. Other ultrastructural characteristics of the melanocytes during mitosis, except for the Golgi apparatus, which was smaller and less complex, were similar to those seen in well-differentiated nondividing melanocytes. Autoradiographic studies of thymidine incorporation into mouse skin indicated that 0.7% of epidermal melanocytes, when slightly stimulated, are in the S phase. Thus, in vivo differentiation of non-neoplastic melanocytes (to produce pyrosinase and melanosomes) does not preclude their replication by mitotic division. PMID- 808555 TI - Studies on phenolic steroids in human subjects. XIV. Fate of a nitrogen mustard of estradiol-17beta. AB - Estracyt, a conjugate of estradiol-17beta (E2) and a nitrogen mustard, is a compound which recently has been found to be of value in the treatment of cancer of the prostate. The present study concerned itself with the fate of labeled Estracyt administered 1) either as a mixture of 3H-Estracyt, labeled in the estrogen moiety, and 14C-E2 or 2) as doubly labeled Estracyt with 3H in the E2 and 14C in the carbamate part. These studies were performed in the human and baboon, with biliary excretion studies being performed in the latter. In the human studies with singly labeled Estracyt, it was shown that about 10-15% of the compound is hydrolyzed in such a fashion as to yield E2, which is then metabolized and conjugated similarly to the 14C-labeled E2; and that the excretory pattern in the urine of the released E2, including the CCD pattern, did not differ materially from that of the 14C-E2, though it was excreted at about 1/3 the rate of the 14C-E2. The remainder of the injected Estracyt was not accounted for. No intact Estracyt was found in the urine. When doubly labeled Estracyt was administered to human subjects, it was shown that the excretion of the 14C (carbamate moiety) was much lower than that of the 3H (E2 moiety), indicating that hydrolysis of the molecule did, in fact, take place, but that the excretion of the 14C, as well as the rest of Estracyt, must follow a route other than the urine. The most likely route is the biliary excretion of either intact Estracyt and/or its metabolites and conjugates without any significant enterohepatic circulation, with the bulk ultimately being excreted in the stools. The studies in the baboon mirrored those in the human. We were able, however, to demonstrate substantial excretion of singly and doubly labeled Estracyt in the bile, indicating that this may be the major route by which the compound is excreted in the baboon and, by analogy, in the human. PMID- 808556 TI - Serum thyroxine and thyroxine-binding proteins in chronic renal failure without nephrosis. AB - Total serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binding capacity, serum albumin, alpha-globulins and urinary protein excretion were measured in 50 patients with chronic renal failure, but without nephrotic syndrome. 25 patients were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. T4 was within the normal range in most patients. There was a tendency to lower T4 values as compared to an age and sex-matched control group, but this did not reach statistical significance. TBG was normal in most patients. 4 patients showed elevated TBG concomitant with elevation of other alpha-globulins. Serum albumin was significantly decreased. No correlation existed between daily protein excretion and TBG or alpha-globulins, but the correlation between serum albumin and proteinuria was highly significant. T4 and proteinuria correlated with borderline significance. A highly significant correlation between T4 and TBG albumin values was found. No correlation existed between FTI and TBG-albumin levels. The data suggest that T4 and TBG are normal in most patients with renal failure, even in the presence of significant proteinuria. Low T4 values, when found in renal insufficiency, may be secondary to low serum albumin and possibly prealbumin. PMID- 808557 TI - Changes in circulating levels of LH, FSH, LHbeta- and alpha-subunit after gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and of TSH, LHbeta- and alpha-subunit after thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the blood levels of LH, FSH and TSH, and LHbeta- and alpha subunit have been studied in 4 normal subjects during the first 20 min after administration of these releasing hormones. Increases in serum immunoreactive LH, LHbeta and alpha-subunit were seen in all subjects after LRH (100 mug iv) but in all subjects the rise in LH was preceded by a rise in alpha-subunit. All subjects showed an increase in TSH and 3 of the 4 subjects a rise in alpha-subunit after TRH (200 mug) but the alpha-subunit responses were smaller and less consistent than after LRH. Levels of LHbeta remained unchanged after TRH. The results demonstrate that the immunoreactive alpha-subunit of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones can be released independently of the intact hormones and that release occurs in response to the same releasing hormones, LRH and TRH, that release the intact hormones. PMID- 808558 TI - Failure of propranolol to alter thyroid iodine release, thyroxine turnover, or the TSH and PRL responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with thyrotoxicosis. AB - A dual isotope method allowing simultaneous analysis of both endogenous thyroidal release and peripheral thyroxine disposal was employed in four patients with thyrotoxicosis before and during propranolol therapy (160 mg/day) to determine whether beta adrenergic blockade with this agent affected the secretion or metabolism of thyroid hormone. Since catecholamines may be involved in the regulation of both thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) release from the pituitary, the effect of propranolol on the TSH and PRL responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was also examined. In the dosage employed in these patients, propranolol had no demonstrable effect on either thyroid hormone secretion, the peripheral disposal of T4, or the TSH and prl responses to TRH. PMID- 808560 TI - Consumption of classical complement components by heart subcellular membranes in vitro and in patients after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Experiments were conducted to characterize the antibody-independent activation of complement in human serum by isolated human heart mitochondrial membranes in vitro and to determine whether similar patterns of complement consumption occurred in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Direct evidence for the interaction of C1 and heart mitochondrial membranes was obtained by mitochondria C1 binding and elution experiments. Exposure of normal human sera to isolated human heart mitochondria at 37 degrees C resulted in the consumption of C1, C4, C2, and C3 without significant consumption of the terminal components of the complement system (C6 through C9). The consumption occurred in the absence of detectable anti-heart mitochondria autoantibody, was demonstrated to be calcium dependent, and was inhibited by either 0.01 M EDTA or ethylene glycol bis(bets aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Although specific absorption of C1q from human sera inhibited the mitochondria-dependent activation of C4, C3 donsumption was not affected. These data indicate that the consumption of C4 and C2 likely occurred due to the mitochondrial membrane-mediated activation of C1, but that the consumption of the C3 did not necessarily involve either the classical or alternative complement pathways. After the in vitro characterization of the mitochondria-dependent activation of the complement system, additional studies were performed to determine whether similar consumption occurred in patients after acute myocaridal infarction. During a 72-h period after hospital admission significant decreases in C1, C4, and C3 occurred in six patients with recent chest pain but no evidence of acute myocardial infarction. These studies suggest that myocardial cell necrosis results in the release of subcellular membrane constituents capable of activating the complement system in the absence of detectable anti-heart autoantibodies; such activation may be responsible in part for the development of acute inflammation and evolution of the infarct size following coronary artery occulusion. PMID- 808559 TI - Human myeloma IgG half-molecules. Catabolism and biological properties. AB - A human IgG1 myeloma protein that has a delection in the third constant domain of the heavy chain (Cgamma3) and forms two-chain half-molecules was studied for its in vivo turnover and its ability to fix C1q and hemolytic complement, to bind to human lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, and to induce a passive cutaneous reaction in guinea pigs. In both man and monkeys, the half-molecule was rapidly catabolized and in part excreted into the urine. The half-life in man was 4.3 days and the fractional turnover 165% per day; 7.6% of the intravascular pool was excreted into the urine per day. Although the 7S four-chain myeloma protein could not be obtained in a pure form, the elimination from the serum of a partially purified preparation suggested that it was also rapidly catabolized. The unaggregated half-molecule neither formed complexes with C1q, cound to human lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, nor elicited a reverse passive cutaneous reaction in guinea pigs. In contrast, the aggregated half-molecule fixed hemolytic complement and bound to the human white cells similarly to an intact IgG1 myeloma protein. In order to explain the biological activities of this half moleculr, it is postulated that IgG1 may have several (at least two) submolecular sites for a given biological activity that are localized on both the Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 domains. Proteins having both sites would be capable of binding to C1q and Fc cell receptors in unaggregated in order to obtain half-molecule, must be aggregated in order to obtain this binding. PMID- 808561 TI - The regulation of calcitonin in normal human plasma as assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoextraction. AB - We have studied the secretion of calcitonin in normal adults with a new procedure of increased sensitivity for the measurement of the hormone in peripheral plasma. In this method, endogenous calcitonin is immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies from a 10-ml plasma sample. The calcitonin is then dissociated from the antibodies and extracted into alcohol. The alcohol is evaporated, and the calcitonin is recovered in assay diluent for subsequent radioimmunoassay. The procedure produces a fivefold increase in immunoassay sensitivity and eliminates plasma proteins which can produce spurious immunoassay effects. This procedure was used to measure calcitonin in normal adults. The mean (+/- SE) plasma calcitonin in 43 subjects was 10 (+/- 2) pg/ml. A+ the end of a 3-h calcium infusion (12 mg/kg), mean plasma calcitonin in 10 subjects had risen to 114 (+/- 21) pg/ml. In 11 subjects, a 10-min infusion of 150 mg of calcium caused calcitonin to rise to a mean concentration of 28 (+/- 7) pg/ml at 20 min. EDTA infusion (50 mg/kg 2 h) caused a slight decrease in plasma calcitonin. These results are consistent with our previous reports of the low concentrations of calcitonin in adult plasma. Our data may underestimate calcitonin levels since not all of the heterogenous species of hormone may be extracted by this method. In any case, this procedure has allowed us to determine that the low concentrations of plasma calcitonin in normal adults are responsive to perturbations of calcium homeostasis. The immunoextraction method may be applicable to other assays in which it is necessary to increase sensitivity or define specificity. PMID- 808563 TI - Cerebellar cortical efferents of the posterior lobe vermis in a prosimian primate (Galago) and the tree shrew (Tupaia). AB - The topographical organization of cerebellar cortical efferents of the posterior lobe vermis was studied in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis) and the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). Two patterns emerge; one which shows longitudinal zones of the entire vermis and a second which shows that induvidual lobules within the overall longitudinal pattern terminate in specific areas of the ipsilateral medial cerebellar nucleus (NM) and vestibular complix. The posterior lobe vermis consists of a narrow midline portion which projects bilaterally into the NM and a paramidline zone which projects only into the ipsilateral NM. These two zones are probably comparable to, and subdivisions of, Zone A of Voogd ('69). The lateral vermal zone projects primarily into the ipsilateral vestibular complex and/or interposed nuclei and appears to correspond to Zone B of Voogd ('69). Within this overall pattern individual lobules project into specific portions of the NM. From rostral to caudal (lobules VI to IX) terminal fields in the NM shift from dorsal and dorsomedial to ventral and ventrolatera. This is the inverse of the pattern of termination seen in the vestibular complex from lesions of the same lobules where from rostral to caudal (VI to IX) there are overlapping terminal fields from lateral to medial. With the exception of the narrow midline zone cerebellar corticonuclear projections of the posterior lobe vermis are ipsilateral. There is a more complex and more precise relationship between the posterior lobe vermis, NM and vestibular complex than previously suggested. PMID- 808564 TI - Interruption of the arterial inferior alveolar flow and its effects on mandibular collateral circulation and dental tissues. AB - The interruption of circulation through the inferior alveolar artery was followed by the establishment of a fast retrograde blood flow through the vessel. The mental artery and the mandibular branch of the sublingual artery were the main vessels to contribute to that flow. No histopathologic changes were found in the experimental hemimandibles; however, temporary regressive changes were found in the dental pulps of molars. PMID- 808565 TI - Separation and comparative toxicity of toxaphene components. PMID- 808566 TI - Letter: Easier endodontics. PMID- 808562 TI - Induction of antibodies to nuclear antigens in rabbits by immunization with hydralazine-human serum albumin conjugates. AB - The antihypertensive drug hydralazine can induce in man a syndrome similar to spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of this drug induced syndrome is not understood. In this investigation, five groups of rabbits were studied: group I, 10 rabbits hyperimmunized with hydralazine conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); group II, four rabbits with HSA in CFA; group III, four rabbits with CFA alone; group IV, five rabbits with hydralazine conjugated to rabbit serum albumin (RSA); and group V, four rabbits with a major metabolite of hydralazine conjugated to HSA. The rabbits immunized with hydralazine-HSA developed rising titers of antibodies to hydralazine and progressively increasing amounts of antibodies to both single stranded and native DNA. The antibodies to DNA were cross-reactive with hydralazine as determined by inhibition of DNA binding and DNA hemagglutination tests. Similar results were obtained in rabbits immunized with the metabolite-HSA compound except the major hapten antibody response was to the metabolite. The DNA antibodies in this group were also capable of being absorbed by metabolite-HSA as well as hydralazine-HSA, indicative of the cross-reactivity between hydralazine and its metabolite. Immunization with hydralazine-RSA caused rabbits to produce antibodies to hydralazine but not to DNA, indicating the requirement for an immune response to the carrier protein in order for antibodies reactive with DNA to be produced. Thus, hyperimmunization of rabbits with hydralazine-protein conjugates may provide a useful animal model of SLE. The data suggests that an immune response to hydralazine may be important in human hydralazine-induced SLE. PMID- 808567 TI - Letter: Carbon-13 evidence for the stereochemistry of streptomycin biosynthesis from glucose. PMID- 808568 TI - Time and affect in psychopathology. PMID- 808569 TI - 'Sufficient' absorption--a quantitative method to replace 'exhaustive' absorption. AB - At present, the only guideline for removal of undesired reactivities from an antiserum is that no activity against the cross-reacting (undesired) antigens should remain after exhaustive absorption. Since this guideline sets no upper limit on the amount of undesired antigens required for an exhaustive absorption, waste of possibly precious material and of time in performing multiple sequential absorptions can result. To minimize the quantity of antigen and of experimental work required for an absorption, a quantitative approach is suggested: the antiserum is test-absorbed with various amounts of the undesired antigens, and antibody activity still present against these antigens is then tested. The results can be plotted as a curve by use of Reif's modification of the Von Krogh equation. Thus, the exact amount of undersired antigens sufficient to remove all detectable reactivity against these antigens can be determined. The procedure is termed 'sufficient' rather than 'exhaustive' absorption, to stress that only detectable amounts (rather than every last trace) of undesirable antibodies have been removed. The nomenclat re 'exhaustive absorption' gives no indication that any practical attempt to achieve it can hardly escape having the same limitations as 'sufficient absorption'; it is therefore suggested that the misleading non quantitative nomenclature 'exhaustive absorption' be eliminated from immunological terminology. 'Sufficient absorption' has been applied to the absorption of undesired (blood group) antibodies from rabbit antisera to CEA. PMID- 808570 TI - Effects of ecdysone and juvenile hormone on DNA metabolism of imaginal disks of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 808571 TI - Tyrosinase activity in the larva of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga barbarta. PMID- 808572 TI - Xanthine dehydrogenase accumulation in developing Drosophila eyes. PMID- 808573 TI - Lysosomes and the skin. PMID- 808574 TI - The induction of melanogenesis by ultraviolet light in the pigmentary system of Rhesus monkeys. AB - Except for the face, eyelids, friction surfaces, and lips, the epidermis of the rhesus monkey contains no discernible melanocytes. After ultraviolet irradiation, however, dopa-positive dendritic cells appeared. With daily sequential irradiation, the number of histochemically demonstrable dopa-positive dendritic cells peaked after 30 exposures, then declined to a basal level which was maintained for the duration of the experiment (216 exposures or 43 weeks). Pigment cells can be restimulated by shading part of the irradiated area and then reirradiating after 3 months. While shaded, dopa-positive cells disappeared; but when reirradiated, they reappeared, increased, then declined again to a basal level. These melanocytes, unlike those in other primates, require high threshold levels of irradiation to produce a response, have a definite period during which they are active, and transfer very little melanin to the surrounding keratinocytes. Long-term ultraviolet irradiation has no discernible effect on dermal pigment-containing cells. PMID- 808575 TI - The use of changes in hair root morphology in the assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - A study was carried out to evaluate the use of changes in hair root morphology in the assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) among a group of Black West Indian children. Significant differences in mean shaft diameter, mean % anagen, and mean % telogen were found only between the well-nourished and the severely malnourished groups. No significant differences in mean % atrophy, and in mean diameter of anagen bulbs were found among well-nourished children, children with mild-moderate PCM, severely malnourished children, and children hospitalized for conditions with a secondary effect on nutritional status. The method was found to be time consuming; it can be used only for differentiating well-nourished from severely malnourished children; and it cannot be used for determining the prevalence of the different degrees of PCM. For these reasons, the method is not recommended for use in the field assessment of PCM. PMID- 808577 TI - The quantitative distribution of gold in skin during chrysotherapy. AB - Gold concentrations in epidermis, dermis, and whole skin were measured by neutron activation analysis after formation of suction bullae in 8 patients who had received protracted cyrysotherapy. Epidermis contained 3% (median) of the gold content of whole skin. A direct correlation between cumulative gold dose and skin gold level was noted. These findings suggest that apparent gold concentrations in skin are influenced by the depth of the biopsy, that keratinous tissues have little affinity for gold, and that the gold storage capability of skin is not saturated by large cumulative doses of gold. The beneficial effect of gold in pemphigus may not be mediated at the site of blister formation. PMID- 808576 TI - The virus of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: electron microscopic and fluorescent antibody studies. AB - Five cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were studied for viral particles and antigens. In all benign lesions tested, viral particles and antigens were observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and/or tissue extracts and by fluorescent antibody staining with an antiserum against human wart virus. Both viral particles and antigens were observed in the cells of the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum and not in those of deeper layers. Viral particles and antigens were observed in nuclei. Viral particles resembled morphologically the virus of common human warts. In two, one on the forehead and the other on the inner aspect of the upper thigh, of six lesions showing the histology of early malignancy, viral particles were observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and/or tissue extracts. Four advanced malignant lesions, two primary ulcerated squamous cell carcinomas and two recurrent carcinomas, were similarly studied. In none of them, were viral particles or antigens detected. These results suggest that (1) the virus of epidermodysplasia verruciformis is related with that of common human warts both morphologically and antigenically, (2) at least some of the virus-induced lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis become malignant, and (3) when the lesions are completely replaced with malignant cells, neither viral particles nor antigens are recognizable in them. PMID- 808578 TI - Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. IV. American trypanosomiasis. PMID- 808579 TI - Detection of circulating antigen in acute experimental infections with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Although many serologic tests are available for determination of antibody to Toxoplasma gondii, circulating antigen has not been studied in infections with this organism. Presence of circulating antigen was sought by immunologic methods in experimental infections (Rh strain) of mice and rabbits. In mice, which succumbed to infection within four days; circulating antigen was detectable in serum by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis and agar gel diffusion on days 2-4 of infection. In rabbits; which succumbed to infection within eight days; serum antigen could not be detected by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis or agar gel diffusion; Affinity chromatography, with use of cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose and binding of the antigen to hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to Toxoplasma, permitted isolation of serum antigen on days 3, 5, 7, and 8 of infectionmalthough infected micce and rabbits may have parasitemia of 10-2--10-4 organisms/ml of blood, this concentration did not produce precipitin reactions with antiserum that detected antigenemia. Preliminary characterizations of the column-extracted antigen revealed heat inactivation by 56 C for 30 min, complete inactivation by trypsin, and a molecular weight of greater than 100,000 daltons, as determined by chromatography on a Sephadex column. PMID- 808580 TI - Calorie and protein malnutrition in chronic murine schistosomiasis mansoni: effect on the parasite and the host. AB - The effects of diets containing 8% and 4% protein and of 50% calorie-deficient diets on the host, the parasite, and the parameters of disease in chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were studied in mice that were infected for 20 weeks with Schistosoma mansoni. Controls consisted of uninfected mice of the same size and age maintained on a balanced 20% protein diet. Each of four corresponding dietary groups of infected and uninfected animals was fed on its assigned diet from the 20th to the 24th week of infection. Between the 24th and the 28th week of infection, all groups were nutritionally repleted by being returned to the standard control diet. Changes in body weight and deaths were recorded throughout the experiment (20-28 weeks). Parasite and host responses were measured at 24 weeks and again at 28 weeks. Severe protein and calorie deficiencies were associated with diminished egg output, an effect that appeared to be residual in the most severely malnourished animals for some time after malnutrition has been corrected. In general, the parameters of hepatosplenic disease were less severe in the more severely malnourished animals; 50% calorie deficiency was the cause of greater amelioration than marked protein depletion. During the period of malnutrition the mortality rate in mice given the 4% protein diet was not significantly different from that in controls (approximately 30%), while that in the calorie-restricted animals was only 9%. PMID- 808581 TI - Quantitative shedding patterns of respiratory syncytial virus in infants. AB - Quantitative shedding patterns of respiratory syncytial virus in 40 infants hospitalized with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract were determined for elucidation of the pathophysiology of infection with the virus. Nasal wash specimens were collected on admission and daily thereafter and were tested for the presence and quantities of respiratory syncytial virus. The following pattern of shedding was observed. (1) The virus was shed for prolonged periods. For the first seven days of hospitalization, 92%-100% of the infants tested continued to shed virus. At discharge 87% were still shedding the virus. (2) Respiratory syncytial virus was present in high titer in the nasal secretions obtained at the time of admission. The mean titer in these samples was 5.0 log10 TCID50. (3) The titer of respiratory syncytial virus did not fall during the first few days of hospitalization, despite clinical improvement of the infants. Neither peak nor admission titers of virus could be correlated with age or with the severity of disease. However, the mean admission titer in patients with bronchiolitis appeared to be significantly higher than that in those with pneumonia. PMID- 808582 TI - A primate model for the study of human fever. AB - The effect of semipurified human leukocytic pyrogen isolated in vitro from neutrophilic leukocytes was studied in awake, chair-restrained rhesus monkeys. Intravenously administered leukocytic pyrogen elicited (1) a monophasic fever of short duration and latency to onset that varied from animal to animal and (2) a febrile response that was much greater at night, when the base-line temperature is low, than during the day, when the base-line temperature is high. Intravenous indomethacin, in contrast to large intravenous doses of sodium salicylate, reduced the febrile response to leukocytic pyrogen. Rapid, repeated injections of leukocytic pyrogen prolonged the febrile response from 1 1/2 to 5 1/2 hr, at which point there was a sudden 300%-400% increase in fever increment over a 30 min period. Since the rhesus monkey is as sensitive to human leukocytic pyrogen as the rabbit, it is proposed that this primate might serve as a useful model in investigations directed toward the understanding of the pathophysiology of fever in human beings. PMID- 808583 TI - Predictability of blood levels of gentamicin in man. AB - Data from 42 patients were analyzed to determine the predictability of the peak serum level and the t1/2 of gentamicin on the bases of age, sex, body weight, serum concentration of creatinine, and blood hematocrit. Renal function was normal in 21 patients and impaired in 21. The most striking finding was the relatively poor predictability of t1/2 of gentamicin from serum concentration of creatinine. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.749 (P less than 0.001) in contrast to values of greater than 0.9 reported by others. tthere was a significant correlation of the t1/2 of gentamicin with the reciprocal of hematocrit (r * 0.647, P less than 0.001). Linear regression equations taking account of sex, serum creatinine concentration, and reciprocal of hematocrit provided a somewhat higher correlation coefficient (0.821) with the t1/2 of gentamicin than did the equation including serum creatinine concentration alone but were still not fully satisfactory. Thus the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin may not be adequately predictable from standardized equations or nomograms. PMID- 808585 TI - Hypertension care cost. PMID- 808584 TI - [A pedigree with Fabry's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 808587 TI - Electron microscopy of adenovirus cores. AB - Adenovirus type 5 'cores' prepared by heating in the presence of deoxycholate and partially purified on a glycerol density gradient could be visualized as roughly isometrical particles with a condensed centre from which twisted filaments or loops of DNA emanated. This compact structure was readily dispersed by spreading on distilled water or by treatment with EDTA, Nonidet, DNase or trypsin. Spreading with Nonidet was particularly effective in unfolding the cores and revealing long filaments about 100 A thick presumably of the virus nucleoprotein. Subunits (about 30 to 60 A in diam.) could be seen free in the DNase-treated cores, suggesting a particulate nature of one or both of the core proteins. PMID- 808586 TI - Absorption spectra and linear dichroism of some amphibian photoreceptors. AB - Absorption spectra and linear dichroism of dark-adapted, isolated photoreceptors of mudpuppies, larval and adult tiger salamanders, and tropical toads were measured microspectrophotometrically. Spectral half-band width, dichroic ratio, and transverse specific density were determined using averaged polarized absorptance spectra and photomicrographs of seven types of rod outer segments. Two classes of cells were found, one with higher specific density and dichroic ratio, associable with the presence of rhodopsins, the other, lower in both quantities, associable with porphyropsins. Relationships were derived to calculate the product of molar concentration and extinction coefficient (CEmax) from specific density and dichroic ratio. By utilizing the hypothesis of invariance of oscillator strengths and measured half-band widths, Emax values were independently determined, permitting the calculation of C. The pigment concentration for all cells tested was about 3.5 mM. The broadness of green rod pigment spectra is correlated with reduced molar absorptivity and reduced cellular specific density. Estimation of physiological spectral sensitivities is discussed. Based on dichroic ratio considerations, a model is proposed for the orientation of retinals in situ which could account for the apparent degree of alignment of transition moments. In the chosen orientation, the ring portion of conjugation becomes primarily responsible for axial extinction. Reduced dichroism of dehydroretinal-bearing cells can thus result from the extended ring conjugation of chromophores. Some inferences derivable from the model are discussed. PMID- 808588 TI - Adaptation studies with Ross River virus: laboratory mice and cell cultures. AB - Ross River virus, an Australian group A arbovirus, was adapted by serial passage to cell cultures and to day old mice. The results of titrations in mice of different ages allowed the comparison of virulence between different stocks. Passage in cell cultures depressed the virulence of virus while passage in mice raised the level of virulence. Clones of original virus populations revealed heterogeneity with respect to virulence but none of the 41 clones was as highly virulent as virus passed 10 times in mice. Clones selected in sequence during serial passage in mice indicated that adaptation proceeded by the overgrowth of variants of increasingly higher virulence, and that clones from relatively hhighly passaged s strains were still heterogeneous in virulence. PMID- 808589 TI - Adaptation studies with Ross River virus: retention of field level virulence. AB - Two field strains of Ross River virus (RRV) which differed in virulence for laboratory mice were maintained without detectable change in virulence when passaged alternately in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and newborn mice. No biological mechanism or selection pressure was identified to explain this suppression of the usual change to higher virulence observed when RRV is passed serially in infant mice. The maintenance of initial virulence by alternating passages appears to be related to the fact that A. aegypti can be infected only if fed on mice during the period of peak viraemia and that at this time a sub-population of higher virulence may not be present in high enough infectivity to be represented in the mosquito's blood meal. PMID- 808590 TI - Polyamine metabolism in the brain and liver of the developing monkey. PMID- 808591 TI - Origins of catecholamine metabolites in monkey cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 808592 TI - Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space. AB - Experiments were made on the posterior parietal association cortical areas 5 and in 17 hemispheres of 11 monkeys, 6 M. mulatta and 5 M. arctoides. The electrical signs of the activity of single cortical cells were recorded with microelectrodes in waking animals as they carried out certain behavioral acts in response to a series of sensory cues. The behavioral paradigms were one for detection alone, and a second for detection plus projection of the arm to contact a stationary or moving target placed at arm's length. Of the 125 microelectrode penetrations made, 1,451 neurons were identified in terms of the correlation of their activity with the behavioral acts and their sensitivity or lack of it to sensory stimuli delivered passively; 180 were studied quantitatively. The locations of cortical neurons were identified in serial sections; 94 penetrations and 1,058 neurons were located with certainty. About two-thirds of the neurons of area 5 were activated by passive rotation of the limbs at their joints; of these, 82% were related to single, contralateral joints, 10% to two or more contralateral joints, 6% to ipsilateral, and 2% to joints on both sides of the body. A few of the latter were active during complex bodily postures. A large proportion of area 5 neurons were relatively insensitive to passive joint rotations, as compared with similar neurons of the postcentral gyrus, but were driven to high rates of discharge when the same joint was rotated during an active movement of the animal... PMID- 808593 TI - Effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in monkeys. AB - The relationship of cerebral blood volume (CBV) to cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was examined in rhesus monkeys. In vivo tracer methods employing radioactive oxygen-15 were used to measure CBV, CBF, and CMRO2. Cerebral perfusion pressure was decreased by raising the intracranial pressure (ICP) by infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the cisterna magna. The production of progressive intracranial hypertension to an ICP of 70 torr (CPP of 40 torr) caused a rise in CBV accompanied by a steady CBF. With a further increase in ICP to 94 torr, CBV remained elevated without change while CBF declined significantly. Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen did not change significantly during intracranial hypertension. For comparison, CPP was lowered by reducing mean arterial blood pressure in a second group of monkeys. Only CBF was measured in this group. In this second group of animals, the lower limit of CBF autoregulation was reached at a higher CPP (CPP approximately to 80 torr) than when an increase in ICP was employed (CPP approximately to 30 torr). PMID- 808595 TI - Comparison of two amino acid solutions for total parenteral nutrition of normal and traumatized hats. AB - Two amino acid solutions were compared at different levels of nitrogen (N) intake for their effectiveness in promoting N retention in normal and in traumatized rats when given as part of a complete diet under total intravenous feeding conditions. An essential amino acid pattern based on that found in whole egg and one with an essential amino acid pattern based on an egg-potatoe mixture, were equally efficacious in promoting N retention in normal, 300-g rats infused with 75 mg of N and 80 kcal/day. Traumatized rats were in positive N balance on infusions of 400 mg of N/day from either the egg or the egg-protein amino acid solution for the first 5 days postinjury. On day 5 the injured animals showed no significant changes in plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, urea N, total bilirubin, and L-aspartate aminotransferase when compared with each other or with orally fed control rats. The two amino acid solutions were satisfactory sources of amino acids when infused as part of a complete intravenous diet for the purpose of studies in the parenterally fed rat. The results of these studies supported the adequacy of the amino acid requirement data for the adult rat of Nasset (J. Nutr. 61, 555-569, 1957) and of Smith and Johnson (Brit. J. Nutr. 21, 17-27, 1967) but suggested that the NRC values calculated from the data of Benditt et all. (J. Nutr. 40, 335-350, 1950) were too high for several amino acids. An improvement in the surgical cannulation technique is also discussed. PMID- 808594 TI - Chemistry of technetium radiopharmaceuticals. I. Exploration of the tissue distribution and oxidation state consequences of technetium (IV) in Tc-Sn gluconate and Tc-Sn-EHDP using carrier 99Tc. AB - The distribution in rats of the renal agent Tc-Sn-gluconate using both 99mTc and carrier amounts of 99Tc was similar. The same behavior was shown with the bone agent Tc-Sn-EHDP. The radiopharmaceutical consequences of the observed Tc(IV) oxidation state in these systems are explored. PMID- 808596 TI - Byssinosis: airway responses in textile dust exposure. AB - The inhalation of textile dusts causes bronchoconstriction in textile workers and in healthy experimental subjects. The airway responses to these dusts are potentiated by propranolol and inhibited by an antihistamine drug and by ascorbic acid. Administration of 20 mg disodium cromoglycate by spinhaler 30 minutes prior to challenge with hemp dust or hemp dust extract protected a small number of subjects against the airway constrictor effect, mostly those with a large acute reduction in flow rates. Textile dust extracts contain a histamine-releasing agent, which explains their airway constrictor effect. This agent is a highly water-soluble, heat-stable, low-molecular-weight compound which has not yet been chemically identified. In the prevention and control of byssinosis, the administration of drugs such as ascorbic acid or disodium cromoglycate should be considered in addition to engineering methods. PMID- 808597 TI - Synthesis of metabolites of prostaglandin f2alpha resulting from beta-oxidation of the carboxylic acid side chain. PMID- 808598 TI - Ulcerative colitis in apes: A comparison with the human disease. AB - The pathological changes in the colons of two young gorillas and an adult orang utan which developed diarrhoea and died, are described. Since no causative agents could be identified and the changes were indistinguishable from the active phase of ulcerative colitis in humans, these cases were considered examples of this disease in apes. Evidence of early healing was found in one case and the suitability of apes and monkeys as possible animal models of the human disease is discussed. PMID- 808599 TI - Response of the young pig to intrajejunal perfusion with a hypertonic nutrient solution. PMID- 808600 TI - Animal pharmacology of Wy-16,225, a new analgesic agent. AB - The analgesic potency of Wy-16,225 in rodents and primates is greater than morphine while antagonist potency is slightly less than that of nalorphine. The compound demonstrates properties unlike those of standard narcotic and narcotic antagonist agents and has a wide margin of safety. In dependence liability studies, Wy-16,225 neither acutely substitutes for morphine nor produces direct dependence when administered chronically to monkeys. Wy-16,225 has no anti inflammatory properties, is not constipating in rats, has no significant cardiovascular toxicity in dogs and produces minimal respiratory depression in monkeys. PMID- 808602 TI - Epizootic and enzootic aspects of Minchinia nelsoni (Haplosporida) disease in Maryland oysters. AB - Minichinia nelsoni disease in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Marumsco Bar, Pocomoke Sound, Maryland (an estuarine tributary of Chesapeake Bay) was studied for 8 years (1961-68) to determine epizootiologic relationships concerning life cycle of the parasite, pathologic effects on the host, and effects of physical factors on population density and recruitment of the host and parasite. The study period covered pre-epizootic, epizootic, and post-epizootic disease conditions. Data on the native oyster population as well as annual introductions of previously unexposed, susceptible populations of juvenile oysters from 1965-68 were included. Salinity, water temperature, mortality, prevalence, incidence, life cycle stages, gross pathology, and histopathologic relationships were observed. Mortality was high (45-55% per year) during the first 3 years of the study; however, M. nelsoni prevalences were low (less than 25%) and did not clearly imply a cause and effect relationship. Drought conditions that began in the summer of 1963 and continued through 1967 caused higher salinities, and apparently initiated epizootic disease in the native oyster populations. The epizootic peaked in May 1965 with a diagnosed prevalence in native oysters of 70%. Enzootic levels of annual mortality (40% in 1966, 30% in 1967, and 2% in 1968) and fall prevalence (16%, 24%, and 4%) developed after that time. Introduced populations had a typical epizootiologic pattern in 1965 55% annual mortality, 82% incidence) and 1966 (55% annual mortality, 66% incidence) which declined in 1967 (30% annual mortality, 44% incidence) followed by a disappearance of the disease in 1968. Epizootiologic differences noted between native oysters (adult and juvenile) and the introduced juvenile populations were also evident from the stages of the disease. Infections in native animals tended to be less serious, and in many cases were delayed or attentuated, while infections in introduced oysters progressed to advanced or terminal phases. Occult manifestations (mantle recession thought to be due to M. nelsoni in oysters not showing histologic evidence of infection) were absent in introduced populations and common in the native population. These differences are interpreted as evidence of resistance in surviving native oysters and their progency, and may indicate genetic resistance developed by natural selection and manifested by an increased ability to survive and overcome infection. PMID- 808603 TI - Inactivation of bacterial cells by cyclotron beam. PMID- 808601 TI - Evoked potential studies of brain catecholamine alterations in monkeys. PMID- 808604 TI - Abnormal fetal development in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 808605 TI - Emetic activity of N-substituted norapomorphines. AB - Norapomorphine and ten of its N-substituted derivatives were prepared by modifications of procedures described earlier. In a dog emesis test the N-ethyl and N-n-propyl compounds had minimum effective doses of 0.00025 and 0.0005 mg/kg, respectively, when administered iv, sc, or im. In a modified Irwin mouse profile screen the minimum effective iv dose was 0.013 mg/kg for the N-ethyl and 0.0024 mg/kg for the N-n-propyl compound; percutaneous absorption was also observed in mice. All compounds examined caused the stereotyped apomorphine behavior syndrome but hypotensive effects were not serious. PMID- 808606 TI - Alkylating derivatives of amino acids and peptides. Synthesis of N-maleoylamino acids, [1-(N-maleoylglycyl)cysteinyl]oxytocin. Effects on vasopressin-stimulated water loss from isolated toad bladder. AB - A method for the preparation of N-maleoylamino acids and esters is reported. These compounds were shown to inhibit both the oxytocin-induced smooth muscle contraction in the isolated rat uterus and the vasopressin-induced water loss from the isolated toad bladder. The inhibitory ability of the maleimides in the toad bladder assay was found to be related to their corresponding partition coefficients by the equation: log 1/C = -0.055 (log P) 2 + 0.227 log P + 3.96. N Maleoylamino acids can be coupled to peptides to form alkylating reagents which react rapidly with sulfhydryl groups. The synthesis of [1-(N maleoylglycyl)cysteinyl]oxytocin (3) and [1=(N-maleoyl-11 aminoundecanoyl)cysteinyl]oxytocin (4) as potential affinity labeling reagents is described. These oxytocin analogs were shown to readily react with sulfhydryl containing compounds; however, neither 3 nor 4 was seen to inhibit in the rat uterus assay at concentrations up to 3 times 10(-5)M. When tested on the mucosal and serosal surfaces of the toad bladder, assay inhibition was seen only on the mucosal surface. These results are discussed with respect to the possible existence of sulfhydryl groups at neurohypophyseal receptors. PMID- 808607 TI - Chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 28. Preparation and biological activity of 3-(substituted)vinyl cephalosporins. AB - 3-(Substituted)vinylcephem nuclei have been prepared by the reaction of 3 formylcephem derivatives with stabilized phosphoranes. Appropriate synthetic steps allowed preparation of a series of 3-ethoxycarbonylvinyl- and 3 carboxyvinylcephem derivatives bearing a variety of 7-acylamino functions. The phenoxyacetyl and thiopheneacetyl derivatives of the 3-cyanovinylcephem nucleus were also prepared. Although general gram-positive activity was comparable to cephalothin in many cases, against penicillin G resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the new cephalosporins were of low effectiveness. The 3-(substituted)vinyl cephalosporins had good activity against a number of gram-negative organisms. In some cases, this activity was excellent. The N-acetyl analogs had surprisingly good activity relative to N-acetyl-7-ACA. The phenylmalonoyl side-chain derivatives were shown to have an unusual antibacterial spectrum expansion (relative to previously known cephalosporins) to include activity against Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 808608 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 10-thia-10-deaza analogs of folic acid, pteroic acid, and related compounds. AB - The 10-thia analogs of pteroic acid, folic acid, their esters, and their 4-amino analogs were synthesized through a reaction sequence involving, as a key step, the condensation of 2-amino-3-cyano-5-chloromethylpyrazine with appropriately substituted thiols. The abilities of the products to inhibit the growth of methotrexate (MTX)-sensitive and MTX-resistant microorganisms were investigated as were their abilities to inhibit dihydrofolic acid reductase and thymidylic acid synthetase. Several compounds had high activity. PMID- 808610 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of 5-noralkyl-9beta-methyl-6,7-benzomorphans and stereochemistry of some intermediates. AB - 2,9beta-Dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan (18) has been synthesized from m methoxyphenylacetone (6a) or m-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (1) via bromo-alpha tetralone (10). Isomeric bromo-alpha-tetralone 9, instead of undergoing cyclization to a 6,7-benzomorphan, gave aromatization product 12. The structures and stereochemical assignments of 9, 10 (and thus 7 and 8), and 18 follow from analogy and from NMR data of 9, 10, 17, and 18. Compound 18 and the deoxy analog 16 are as potent as morphine and codeine, respectively, as analgetics (mice) and are without physical dependence capacity (monkeys). PMID- 808609 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 5-fluoro-4'-thiouridine and some related nucleosides. AB - The synthesis of a series of 4'-thio-5-halogenopyrimidine nucleosides, including the 5-fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo derivatives, has been carried out by condensation of the 2,4-bis-O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of the corresponding pyrimidine bases with the protected 4-thio-D-ribofuranosyl chloride. Among these, the alpha and beta anomers of 4'-thio-5-fluorouridine inhibited the growth of leukemia L1210 cells at concentrations of 4 x 10(-7) and 2 x 10(-7) M, respectively, and that of S. faecium at 4 x 10(-9) and 6 x 10(-10) M, respectively. These compounds retained marked activity against strains of S. faecium resistant to 10(-3) M 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouridine. As determined in S. faecium cultures, 4'-thio-5-fluorouridine decreased the total protein content of the cells more markedly than it did their RNA or DNA content. X-Ray crystallography showed that substitution of sulfur for the oxygen in the carbohydrate ring markedly changes the conformation of that moiety. PMID- 808611 TI - Antiprotozoal Thiazoles. 2-(5-Nitro-2-thienyl)thiazoles. AB - A series of 2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)thiazoles and their vinylogs having substituted methylamine side chains has been prepared by halogen displacement on the corresponding 4-chloromethylthiazole. Of these, 4-morpholinomethyl-2-(5-nitro-2 thienyl)thiazole showed moderate activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rhodesiense in mice. This compound formed the lead for a series of analogous thiazole-4-carboxaldehyde hydrazones. Some of the latter were found active in curing murine Tryp. cruzi and Tryp. rhodesiense infections and to have low acute toxicity. A comparison with known active compounds is given and some structural features necessary for activity are discussed. PMID- 808612 TI - Aromatic esters of 5-O-desosaminylerythronolide A oxime. AB - Several substituted aromatic esters of the C-3 hydroxyl of 5-O desosaminylerythronolide A oxime were prepared. Ribosomal binding studies showed that meta substituents on the aromatic ring gave the most active analogs. The esters described were all inactive in vivo at the maximum level tested. PMID- 808614 TI - Methotrexate analogs. 6. Replacement of glutamic acid by various amino acid esters and amines. AB - A series of methotrexate (MTX) analogs was prepared in which the glutamic acid moiety is replaced by various amino acid esters and amines. The synthetic method consisted of the reaction of 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid with various reagents to form intermediate mixed anhydrides, which then reacted with amino acid esters or amines to give the MTX analogs. These compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecium and for antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia in mice. Several compounds showed significant antibacterial activity; the MTX homocysteinethiolactone and MTX aspartate analogs showed marginal in vivo antitumor activity. PMID- 808613 TI - 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-triazoles, 1 new class of xanthine oxidase inhibitor. AB - 3,5-Bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (PPT), 3-(4-pyrimidinyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4 triazole (PMPT), and 3-(4-pyridazinyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (PZPT) are among the most active competitive inhibitors of xanthine oxidase among a series of 3,5-disubstituted triazoles synthesized for this purpose, inhibition constants being less than 1 times 10(-7) M for each. ED50 values in squirrel monkeys derived from first-order rate constants for the first and rate-limiting step of the sequence, xanthine leads to uric acid leads to allantoin plus CO2, range from 0.04 to 0.08 mg kg-1 orally, with unusually long durations of action attributable to asymmetric distribution of inhibitor within liver and gut as a consequence of enterohepatic recirculation. Sensitivity of rats, dogs, and anthropoid species to these, as to other xanthine oxidase inhibitors, is markedly less than that of the squirrel monkey, but the triazoles are at least an order of magnitude more active than the representative purine analogs tested. PMID- 808615 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of the 2-L-beta-(pyrazolyl-1)alanine analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog, less thanGlu-Pyr(1)Ala Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2, and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, less thanGlu-Pyr(1)Ala-Pro-NH2, were synthesized by azide couplings of the dipeptide hydrazide, less thanGlu-Pyr(1)Ala-NHNH2, to the C-terminal octapeptide of LH-RH and to proline amide, respectively. In an ovariectomized, steroid-blocked rat assay, the LH-RH analog was found to have only 1% of the LH releasing activity of the natural hormone. The TRH analog was 1.5 times more effective than TRH itself in releasing TSH in vivo from the anterior pituitary of mice. This peptide is one of two synthetic peptides so far discovered which are more potent than TRH. PMID- 808616 TI - Leucocytozoon smithi: incidence of transmission by black flies in South Carolina (Diptera: Simuliidae). PMID- 808617 TI - Host-ectoparasite relationships. PMID- 808618 TI - "Curing" Wolbachia infections in Culex pipiens. PMID- 808619 TI - Feeding behavior in monkeys with spontaneous diabetes mellitus. AB - In our laboratory, monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that attain middle age (10-14 years) and a body weight of over 15 kg often develop spontaneous diabetes mellitus. In some animals the development of the disease is accompanied by polyphagia and polydipsia. The polyphagia appears to be in response to loss of body weight. Gross estimates of energy balance in diabetic monkeys indicate that the daily maintenance cost (kcal) of diabetes is greater during the untreated phase of the disease than in the pre-diabetic state. PMID- 808620 TI - Experimental schistosomiasis haematobia in bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus), Patas (Erythrocebus patas), and Grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - The bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus), patas (Erythrocebus patas), and grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops) have been evaluated as hosts in experimental schistosomiasis haematobia. Individual hosts demonstrated considerable variation in host-parasite relationships. E. patas is suggested as a host for continuing investigations in Schistosoma haematobium infections, based upon its moderate susceptibility to infection and a moderate potential for pathological involvement of the urogenital system. PMID- 808621 TI - Transmissible drug resistance in Shigella and Salmonella isolated from pet monkeys and their owners. AB - During two dysentery outbreaks in primate pet owners, Shigella and Salmonella strains were isolated from the enteric flora. In both outbreaks the source of infection was traced to asymptomatic spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). The spider monkeys and their owners shed multiply drug-resistant Shigella and Salmonella serotypes. Six of the nine bacterial strains isolated from the animals were multiply drug-resistant and capable of transferring antibiotic resistance patterns. PMID- 808622 TI - Nuclear abnormalities of marrow normoblasts as a normal occurrence in laboratory baboons in Kenya. AB - Normal laboratory baboons subsisting upon a fruit/vegetable diet were found to have bone marrow changes in the nuclei of developing normoblasts. The parenteral administration of folic acid and vitamin B12 in adequate dosage did not alter these changes. These nuclear abnormalities appear to be a specific characteristic of the baboon and do not appear to suggest an imbalance of DNA synthesis. PMID- 808624 TI - Ovarian teratoma in a rhesus monkey. PMID- 808623 TI - Erythroblastosis models. A review and new experimental data in monkeys. AB - The current status of erythroblastosis fetalis in man and in animals is briefly reviewed with emphasis on present knowledge of nonhuman primates as models for the disease. Our studies in crab-eating macaques indicate that presence in a mother's serum of potent antibodies reactive for red cells for her fetus will not necessarily cause erythroblastosis; in one case the maternal antibodies did not penetrate the placental barrier, and in two cases although the fetal red cells were maximally antibody-coated, they remained undamaged and the disease failed to develop. PMID- 808626 TI - Ventricular landmarks for thalamic stereotaxy in Macaca. AB - The most satisfactory ventricular landmarks and coordinate system for thalamic stereotaxy in the macaque are essentially the same as for man (i.e. from CA and CP). The degree of precision achieved when using this system is markedly superior to that obtained when using bony landmarks. Stereotaxy methods using ventriculographic data are described. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyse interspecific differences and more specially to determine whether a single stereotaxic atlas could be used for several species which seems to be the case for M. mulatta and M. speciosa. PMID- 808625 TI - Fertilization in vitro of Saimiri sciureus follicular oocytes. AB - An in vitro fertilization system was developed for the squirrel monkey. Oocytes recovered from follicles of gonadotropin-treated females and cultured in vitro with spermatozoa resulted in fertilized ova capable of developing to the four cell stage in culture. In total, 264 follicular oocytes were recovered from 922 follicles in 38 Saimiri sciureus. Seventy-nine developed to the first polar body stage, and 32 of the 79 were fertilized in vitro. PMID- 808627 TI - Comparison and significance of respiration and glycolysis of prostatic tissue from various species. AB - The respiration and glycolysis of prostatic tissue from baboons, rhesus monkeys, dogs and rats were compared to the respiration and glycolysis in human prostatic tissue. All the primate prostates had a high glycolytic ability and a low respiration in contrast to the rat and dog prostate. Treatment of baboons with drugs clinically effective against prostatic cancer did not change the prostatic metabolism despite a marked prostatic atrophy. In vitro the drugs reduced respiration markedly. The metabolic similarity between the human and the baboon and rhesus monkey prostate indicates that nonhuman primates should be investigated in the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 808628 TI - Single-born marmosets without hemopoietic chimerism: naturally occurring and induced. AB - Marmosets have a high frequency of fraternal twinning, and placental vascular anastomoses between the twin fetuses invariably lead to hemopoietic chimerism. The occasional finding of chimerism in single-born marmosets suggested that in a twin pregnancy one fetus had undergone resorption after contributing hemopoietic stem cells to its twin. In this study non-chimeric single-born marmosets were produced by fallopian tube ligation or surgical relocation of one ovary in breeding females. Further, in an examination of hemopoietic cells from over 50 single-born young from nonoperated females, chimerism occurred less frequently than what one would expect if resorption of a co-twin had occurred after a functional anastomosis had been established. PMID- 808629 TI - Blood groups of pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus): human-type and simian-type. AB - Blood grouping of nine pygmy chimpanzees revealed them to be human-type group A1, M,Rho, and simian-type V.D, CCef, g, H, I, K, L. Only group Nc was polymorphic. Pan paniscus red cells can be easily distinguished from those of Pan troglodytes by the serological characteristics of human-type blood groups A and M. Also, the distribution of the simian-type blood group systems V-A-B and C-E-F are strikingly different in the two species. PMID- 808631 TI - Membrane structural specialization of the toad urinary bladder revealed by the freeze-fracture technique. I. The granular cell. AB - Examination of the toad urinary bladder by freeze-fracture electron-microscopy demonstrates structural specialization of the granular cell's luminal membrane compared to its basal membrane. Although both membranes appear to possess about 1,700 intramembranous particles per mum2, those of the luminal membrane tend to be significantly larger in size. In addition, the fracturing properties of the two membranes are markedly different: the majority of particles are found on fracture face B (outer membrane face), in the case of the luminal membrane, and the majority are found on fracture face A (inner membrane face), in the case of the basal membrane. While the two fracture faces of the basal membrane possess a similar distribution of particle sizes, in the case of the luminal membrane the B face was found to possess particles generally larger than those found on the A face. It was established that the probability of luminal membrane particles adhering to face B instead of face A is closely correlated with the size of the particle. The structural specialization of the granular cell's luminal membrane may have an important relationship to the characteristic permeability properties of this membrane and the capacity of this cell type to respond physiologically to the hormone vasopressin. PMID- 808630 TI - The kinetics of resealing of washed erythrocyte ghosts. AB - The kinetics of resealing, defined as the recovery of impermeability to macromolecules, of well-washed human erythrocyte ghosts has been determined. The resealing process is first-order at temperatures above 20-25 degrees C in isotonic salt, with rate constants ranging from 0.01-0.15 min-1. Below 20 degrees C, resealing occurs, but a long lag period is observed. Other erythrocyte membrane properties suggest a transition at about 20 degrees C, and it is possible that resealing rates are a measure of membrane fluidity. A temperature induced reduction of resealed ghost volume was also observed. The effect of ionic strength on resealing parameters was determined. Low ionic strength buffers prevent resealing, which is also consistent with resealing as a lipid-related event. The effect of microtubule disrupting drugs and changes in the method of preparing ghosts are also described. PMID- 808633 TI - Effects in rats of sodium chloride on experimental gastric cancers induced by N methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. AB - The effects were studied of NaCl on the production of gastric carcinomas by N methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO) in male Wistar rats. Nine groups of rats were treated as follows: Group 1 was given 50 mg MNNG/liter and 6 g NaCl solution/liter to drink and was fed a stock diet supplemented with 10% NaCl. Group 2 received 1 ml saturated NaCl once a week and 50 mg MNNG/liter to drink. Group 3 was treated with MNNG alone. Group 4 was given a solution of 1 mg NQO once a week and fed a stock diet supplemented with 10% NaCl. Group 5 received a solution of 1 mg NQO saturated with NaCl. Group 6 was given NQO alone. Groups 7 and 8 were given NaCl alone. Group 9 was untreated. Adenocarcinomas developed in the glandular stomach in group 2 at a significantly higher incidence than in group 3. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach were detected in only groups 1 and 2. One poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma metastasized to the lymph nodes. A high incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach was found in groups 4 and 5. No malignant tumors were seen in groups 6-9. NaCl given alone had no apparent carcinogenicity in rats but, when administered with MNNG or NQO, it enhanced the carcinogenic effects of MNNG and NQO in the stomach. PMID- 808632 TI - Letter: Sequences of the N-terminus portions of biliproteins. AB - The N-terminal sequences of the separated polypeptide chains of biliproteins isolated from several Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta, and Cryptophyta have been determined. The portions of the sequences determined for the alpha (fast) chain of C-phycocyanin from both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells are extremely conservative. Methionine is the N-terminal amino acid in most of the species studied. The N-terminus and subsequent sequence of phycoerythrin alpha chains are almost identical with those of the C-phycocyanin alpha chain. The beta (slow) chain of C-phycocyanin is also rather conservative in amino acid substitution but has more variation than the alpha chain. The variations are consistent with single base changes in codons and conserve the size and functional characteristics of the amino acid. The sequence homologies are consistent with the phylogenetic relationship between Cyanophyta and the chloroplast of Rhodophyta. There are no other reported sequences of polypeptide chains of the same or related proteins from such different strains of microorganisms that show such close sequence homology. PMID- 808634 TI - High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in a new T-cell line (RPMI 8402) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia origin. AB - High activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (terminal transferase) was found in a new "thymus-dependent" cell line (RPMI 8402) which is of acute lymphoblastic leukemia origin. This enzyme resembled the terminal transferase from other human cells in all its properties including Km (0.7 x 10(-6) m for dGTP). The high activity of this enzyme in RPMI 8402 and fresh acute leukemia lymphoblasts, in contrast to the low activity of this enzyme reported for "thymus independent' cells, suggested that this cell line may have originated from leukemia cells. Moreover, the high activity of terminal transferase in RPMI 8402 cells should make feasible large-scale purification of this enzyme for detailed studies. PMID- 808635 TI - Metabolic reduction of benzidine azo dyes to benzidine in the rhesus monkey. AB - Rhesus monkeys were fed azo dyes derived from benzidine (a known human bladder carcinogen). The urinary excretion of free benzidine was assayed and compared to the amount excreted when benzidine itself was fed. A substantial amount of the dye fed was converted to free benzidine. Results indicate that the simple precaution in the use of only azo dyes manufactured from noncarcinogenic aromatic amines, e.g., aniline, for all consumer products appears prudent. PMID- 808636 TI - Effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on rat mammary epithelial cell macromolecules: a time study. AB - The effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) on levels of four mammary epithelial cell macromolecules were investigated at various times between 1 and 14 days after Sprague-Dawley virgin female rats were fed the carcinogen. Whereas the level of nuclear protein remained relatively constant throughout this period, comparison with normal controls revealed that significant reductions in nuclear RNA and cytosol protein levels occurred in cells from DMBA-treated animals 24 hours after carcinogen treatment; levels were lowest within the first 3 days. Cytosol protein and nuclear RNA values then increased progressively, reaching normal levels between 4 and 6 days; they were elevated 122% (+/-6 SD) and 41% (+/ 5), respectively, above controls by the 14th day. DNA levels remained within normal limits up to the 4th day, after which they gradually increased to 36% (+/ 5) above normal by the 14th day. All four macromolecules in neoplastic epithelial cells derived from three mammary adenocarcinomas approximately 135 days after DMBA was fed to rats showed increases similar to, though more pronounced than, those seen in mammary epithelial cells 14 days after carcinogen administration, which suggested that early changes in these macromolecules, especially in RNA and cytosol protein, may be related to DMBA mammary carcinogenesis. The data further suggested that malignant transformation of the epithelial cells may occur within the first 4-6 days, after which there appears to be a loss of normal synthetic control of nuclear DNA, RNA, and cytosol protein. PMID- 808637 TI - Potentiation of the tumor-specific immune response by Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Strong, specific, cell-mediated antitumor immunity resulted from the sc injection into mice of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) mixed with irradiated cells from mastocytoma P815 (MA), whereas injection of irradiated MA alone was without effect. Maximum immunity was achieved with small doses of CP, and the injection sites of CP and irradiated MA did not need to be coincident but required common lymphoid drainage for immunity to result. The process was largely T-cell dependent but not dependent on the development of a specific immune response to CP; it was also demonstrable and effective in a therapy situation. No such immunity was evident after systemic administration of CP and irradiated MA. Simultaneous systemic injection of CP and irradiated MA did, however, nonspecifically reduce the enhancing effect of systemic injection of irradiated MA alone. PMID- 808638 TI - Morphogenesis of marek's disease virus in feather follicle epithelium. AB - Three evaluative systems, immunodiffusion, fluorescent antibody (FA), and electron microscopy (EM), were used to follow the morphogenesis of Marek's disease virus in inoculated chickens. Of the three, EM and FA were the most sensitive in detecting early stages of infection. Virus particles were found in skin biopsy specimens as early as 12 days post inoculation. Immature naked particles appeared first in the nucleus; later particles were enveloped in the cytoplasm and enclosed in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. No evidence for continued virus replication was seen in feather follicles after an initial burst of heavy virus production, which lasted several weeks. Residual virus, however, was found occasionally in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within keratinized material near the feathers. This was believed to contribute to the long-term shedding of infectious virus into the environment. PMID- 808639 TI - Effects of exposure of neonatal mice to 17beta-estradiol on subsequent age incidence and morphology of carcinogen-induced mammary dysplasia. AB - Mice exposed to estrogens as neonates developed more mammary dysplasias and had different morphologic types of dysplasias than did normal animals when both groups were exposed to a carcinogen: 1) before puberty, 2) during active mammary growth, 3) or at 6 months of age (the time when spontaneous dysplasias begin to appear in normal animals). The relative percentages of various morphologic types of dysplasias differed in hosts that received different treatments. The significance for subsequent patterns of mammary disease caused by exposure of neonates to 17beta-estradiol was discussed. PMID- 808640 TI - Cytotoxicity mediated by soluble macrophage product(s). AB - The soluble macrophage product(s) released by nonimmune mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to endotoxin or from listeria-immune macrophages after incubation with specific antigen mediated cytotoxic activity against malignant cell types and, to a lesser extent, against normal cells. Only undiluted supernatants from nonimmune or listeria-immune macrophages cultured with medium 199 alone exerted some degree of cytotoxicity on the different target cell types tested. The macrophage product(s) retained cytotoxic activity storage at minus 20 degrees C, was stable when heated at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes, but was completely inactivated when exposed at 100 degrees C for 5 minutes. In the presence of 15 mug exogenous lysozyme/ml, the cytotoxic activity of the macrophage product(s) was significantly enhanced. PMID- 808641 TI - BCG immunopotentiation of an antitumor response: evidence for a cell-mediated mechanism. AB - BCG-immunopotentiated antitumor immunity was studied in a model in which irradiated murine tumor cells, mastocytoma P815, were injected into subcutaneous sites prepared by a prior injection of BCG; challenge in a distant foot-pad was used as an indicator of specific resistance. The onset of antitumor immunity correlated with the proliferation of lymph node cells draining the immunization sites and the development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the tumor. Tuberculin hypersensitivity, however, was depressed during the evolution of DTH to the tumor. Antitumor immunity was transferred locally with spleen or lymph node cells that were sensitive to anti-theta sera and complement but not to anti lg and complement. They had velocity sedimentation rates in a bovine serum albumin gradient of 3.9-5.9 mm/hour and were relatively resistant to vinblastine at the peak of the immune response. Sera from immunized mice failed to confer antitumor immunity either in vitro or on transfer in vivo. PMID- 808642 TI - A killed vaccine derived from the oncogenic Herpesvirus ateles. AB - A killed herpesvirus vaccine was prepared by inactivation of the oncogenic Herpesvirus ateles (HVA) with heat and formaldehyde. The vaccine proved safe in 9 marmosets (Saguinus oedipus) during a period of 461 days. The vaccinated marmosets developed high titers of serum antibodies against HVA and were resistant to 316 lethal dose 50 (LD50) cell-free HVA; the nonvaccinated control monkeys died of malignant lymphoma. The 5 challenged monkeys are clinically well and have now been under observation for 362 days. PMID- 808643 TI - Protection by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) against mammary tumors and leukemia during prolonged feeding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to female rats. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 36 days old, were pretreated for 2 weeks either with 100 ppm 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) or 250 ppm S-(1,2 dicarbeth-oxyethyl)OO-dimethyldithiophosphate (Malathion) in the diet. From day 50 they were given, via stomach tube, 21 consecutive daily doses of 0.714 mg 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Pesticide diets and observation of the animals for mammary tumors continued until necropsy, 230 days after the start of DMBA administration. DDT-treated rats had a significantly lower mammary tumor incidence, prolonged tumor latency period, and fewer tumors per rat than did the control group. Animals given Malathion (an organophosphate pesticide) had a higher mammary tumor incidence, shortened latency period, more tumors per rat, and more actively growing tumors than did the control group (DMBA only). Leukemia incidence in rats surviving to necropsy (230 days after the start of DMBA administration) was 11/20 for control, 2/29 for DDT, and 8/12 for Malathion treated rats. Leukemia was primarily myelogenous. DDT may inhibit DMBA-induced mammary tumors and leukemia by stimulating hepatic metabolism and excretion of DMBA so that less carcinogen is available to peripheral tissues. Malathion may potentiate DMBA induction of mammary tumors and leukemia by inhibiting the same enzyme systems induced by DDT. PMID- 808644 TI - Small-angle x ray scattering studies on whole Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 808645 TI - Infected pyelocaliceal diverticulum and sympathetic pleural effusion. AB - The first reported case of an infected pyelocaliceal diverticulum associated with an ipsilateral sterile pleural effusion is presented. Partial excision and drainage of the lesion led to a return to normal of urinary and chest findings. PMID- 808646 TI - Organics. PMID- 808647 TI - Effects of pollution on freshwater fish. PMID- 808649 TI - Chelation therapy for arteriosclerosis. PMID- 808648 TI - Metabolic alkalosis in diabetic ketosis. PMID- 808650 TI - Editorial: Skinning the cat. PMID- 808652 TI - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a transplant recipient. PMID- 808651 TI - Fatal malignant degeneration in multiple neurofibromatosis. PMID- 808653 TI - Anticonvulsant nature of marihuana smoking. AB - Marihuana smoking, in conjunction with therapeutic doses of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, was apparently necessary for controlling seizures in one 24 year-old epileptic patient. PMID- 808654 TI - The EWYM syndrome-asymptomatic gonorrhea (embarrassed, worried young man). PMID- 808655 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of various drugs on myocardium catecholamines (fluorescent histochemical method)]. PMID- 808656 TI - [Treatment of dermatological cases with BB-K8 (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-seven cases were treated with BB-K8, a new derivative of kanamycin acylated with l-(-)-gamma-amino-alpha-hydroxybutyric acid at the C-1 amino group of the 2-deoxystreptamine moiety. The majority of them were acute primary pyoderma and acute secondary pyoderma. BB-K8 was effective in 23 cases (85.2%) out of 27 cases treated and no side effect was encountered. BB-K8 had antibacterial activity against not only Staphylococcus but also Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. Thus, BB-K8 was considered to be effective in acute pyodermic condition. PMID- 808657 TI - [The fundamental and clinical studies on PT-122M (doxycycline) in the otorhinolaryngological field (author's transl)]. AB - As the results of laboratory and clinical investigation with a new tetracycline derivate, PT-122M (doxycycline) was performed with the results which may lead to the following conclusions. 1) In vitro antibacterial activity: The minimal inhibitory concentration of doxycycline (DOTC) was measured by an agar plate dilution method. The MIC of DOTC against 60 strains of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from otorrhoea was distributed over a range of 0.2 approximately 1.56 mcg/ml and 12.5 approximately 50 mcg/ml. Furthermore, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 3.13 to 100 mcg/ml. 2) Concentration in blood: The blood level of DOTC in healthy adults who were given 100 mg of DOTC intravenous reached maximum of 1.97 mcg/ml on the average 15 minutes after injection. Even at 12 hours after intravenous injection clinically effective serum DOTC concentration of 0.47 mcg/ml was still demonstrable. 3) CLINICAL RESULTS: PT-122M (DOCT) was intravenously injected into 30 cases with typical infection in the field of otorhinolaryngology. It was excellent in 15 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 3 cases, and poor in 2 cases. When the cases in which it was excellent and good were considered together, good results were obtained in 25 cases, a ratio of effectiveness being 83 per cent. 4) Side effect: The comparative examination of hepatic function, electrolyte and auditory acuity before and after injection showed no significant disturbance. No side effect was shown with the intravenous injection. PMID- 808658 TI - [A new modified method for the determination of serum iron and copper (diagnotestor-FC) by the use of EDTA-2 Na (author's transl)]. PMID- 808659 TI - Proceedings: Interrelationships between cholera toxin, cholera toxoid, and cellular immunity. PMID- 808660 TI - Proceedings: Relationships between chemical structure and biochemical activity of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 808661 TI - [Whole body bone scintigram with technetium-phosphate (99Tc) compounds - studies on several compounds and their problems from the standpoint of clinical application and studies on detection of metastatic bone tumors]. PMID- 808663 TI - The isoporous substructure of the human glomerular slit diaphragm. AB - The substructure of the human glomerular slit diaphragm is examined after perfusion fixation of a human kidney with tannic acid-glutaraldehyde. The present study shows that the substructure of the slit diaphragm in man is very similar to that described in rats and mice, and that the dimensions of the contained pores (50 times 120 A) in the human differ only slightly from those reported for the murine kidney. It is unlikely that rectangular pores of the dimensions of those measured in the human kidney would permit, under physiological conditions, the penetration of significant quantities of serum protein molecules. It is possible, therefore, that the slit diaphragm in the human glomerulus could function as a fine filter for serum proteins, although this remains to be definitely proved. PMID- 808662 TI - Depression of tuberculin reaction in mild and moderate protein-calorie malnourished children following BCG vaccination. AB - Following BCG vaccination, mild to moderate protein-calorie malnourished children of the marasmic type were tuberculin tested with two types of tuberculin. The indurations of these malnourished children were compared to those of a similarly treated cohort of well-nourished controls. A large group of children who were initially malnourished became well-nourished over the time interval between BCG vaccination and tuberculin testing and these children were compared to the other two cohorts. A significant difference was found between the indurations of the malnourished and the well-nourished. The group which changed nutritional status had an average induration between that of the other two groups. Feeding for two days with a high protein-calorie mixture did not significantly increase the indurations of the malnourished. Supplementation with vitamin A had no discernible effect. PMID- 808664 TI - [Parenteral feeding in infants and children]. PMID- 808665 TI - [Association of bleeding ulcer and ulcerated bleeding duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 808666 TI - The pituitary reserve of thyrotropin secretion in aged subjects. PMID- 808667 TI - A review of 105 necropsies in captive baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - In contrast to the findings in newly caught babboons in Africa, the leading cause of death in captivity in America was a pneumonia and enteritis complex. Bacterial species such as Proteus morgani, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas paracolon, pathogenic Escherichia coli and cocci have been isolated in association with a pneumoenteric syndrome of 35 newborn baboons, including neonates. The majority of these animals died with pulmonary factors such as anoxia and pneumonia. PMID- 808669 TI - Distinctive intestinal mast cell neoplasms of domestic cats. AB - By use of histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural techniques a group of distinctive intestinal neoplasms of domestic cats, previously thought to arise from enterochromaffin cells, were redefined as mast cell neoplasms. Although these tumors differed histologically from the more typical visceral mast cell neoplasm of cats, ultrastructural and histochemical similarities between cells comprising both tumors were encountered. Differences in granule morphology and histochemical characteristics were, however, consistently demonstrated when the neoplasms were compared. The intestinal neoplasms are not associated with ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract unlike many mast cell tumors involving viscera. We suggest that the differences between the cells in the typical visceral and intestinal tumors confirm and extend the concept of the existence of morphologic and functionally heterogeneous populations of mast cells occurring in different anatomical locations of the body. PMID- 808670 TI - Fluid and electrolyte therapy. PMID- 808668 TI - Composition of connective tissue in aortas from rhesus monkeys during regression of diet-induced fatty streaks. AB - The aortic connective tissue components, collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans were isolated and quantitated from monkeys with experimentally induced fatty streaks, from monkeys on a diet allowing regression of these lesions, and from controls. Although no variations were noted for total, soluble, and autoclavable collagen based on concentration, nonautoclavable collagen was significantly less (p less than 0.02) and elastin was reduced (p less than 0.001) in tissues with fatty streaks. There were no significant differences in total glycosaminoglycan content among the groups, but a large increase of hyaluronic acid (50 to 220 per cent) and a decrease of chondroitin sulfate C (40 to 66 per cent) occurred after regression. Dynamic alterations of arterial connective tissue shown to occur with induction as well as with regression of fatty streaks indicate the importance of connective tissue in maintaining integrity of vascular structures. PMID- 808672 TI - Tests of thyroid function. PMID- 808671 TI - The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. AB - Although recent investigations have contributed greatly to our understanding of the function and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, much remains unclear. The influence of suprahypothalamic areas of the brain on hypothalamic function, the nature of thyroid hormone feedback on the hypothalamus, and the physiologis sugnificance of prolactin release by TRH are all topics requiring further study. The extensive experience which has been accululated in the use of TRH as a diagnostic tool has led to its acceptance as a safe, convenient, rapid method of assessment of pituitary and thyroid function. It appears that TRH testing is useful in evaluation of pituitary TSH and prolactin reserve in patients with pituitary lesions; in the differentiation of pituitary and hypothalamic causes of hypothyroidism; in diagnosis of euthyroid Graves' disease; in the evaluation of the adequacy of TSH suppression in thyroid hormone therapy of nodular goiter; and possibly in the diagnosis of mild primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 808673 TI - [Bacteriological detection of asymptomatic urinary tract infections]. PMID- 808675 TI - [Cost benefit analysis in the health services]. PMID- 808674 TI - [Problems of granting benefits for overtime work to health workers]. PMID- 808677 TI - [Long-term therapy - meaning, supervision, adverse effects]. PMID- 808676 TI - Dietary fats and properties of endoplasmic reticulum: II. Dietary lipid induced changes in activities of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver and duodenum of rat. AB - Rats were fed cholesterol, cacao butter, or olive oil diets to determine the effect of dietary lipids on the rate of drug biotransformation in the liver and duodenum. The cholesterol rich diet maintained the hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity at the same level as did the standard diet. Rats fed olive oil and cacao butter diets showed lower hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydrorylase activity. The p-nitroanisole O-demethylase activity was doubled in hepatic microsomes of rats fed the high cholesterol diet when compared to rats fed the standard diet. The hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activity showed different patterns depending on the in vitro treatment of the microsomal membranes. If the enzyme activity was assayed from the native, untreated microsomes, an increase in the measurable uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase activity was found in rats having cholesterol rich diet. After the in vitro activation of membrane-bound uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase by trypsin, the increase in measurable activity was 10 fold in the group fed the standard diet, 6 fold in group fed cholesterol, 4 fold in group fed cacao butter, and 3 fold in group fed olive oil. Trypsin digestion of microsomes increased the measurable uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activity less in rats fed diets rich in neutral fats than those fed the standard diet. In the duodenal mucosa, lipid diets decreased the activities of drug hydroxylation and glucuronidation. PMID- 808678 TI - [A case of macroglobulinemic veticuloendothelial sarcoma]. PMID- 808680 TI - Occurrence of phosphorylserine in the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558. AB - Phosphorylserine was isolated from the spores of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B 558. This phosphorylated amino acid was only found in the spore coat protein and was not detectable in vegetative cells. The compound was characteristically synthesized at a late stage of sporulation and its turnover did not occur until the completion of mature spore formation. The protein which contains phosphorylserine was not solubilized from the spore coat by digestion with pronase or treatment with any detergents. PMID- 808679 TI - Endocrinology and metabolism in uremia and dialysis: a clinical review. AB - The salient information regarding the effects of uremia and dialysis on each of the metabolic fuels and hormones presented in the preceding sections is summarized in three tables. Tables 1 and 2 provide data on plasma levels, metabolism, dialysance, and literature references for each substance. Table 3 organizes the data according to the general mechanisms by which uremia and chronic dialysis may affect biological substances. Together these tables provide a reasonably complete summary of the information presently available. The pathophysiology of the uremic syndrome is still incompletely understood. The numerous metabolic and endocrine alterations associated with uremia and chronic dialytic therapy underscore the complexity of the problem and identify several specific areas for future research. One which deserves emphasis is the poolic and endocrine abnormalities found in uremia. A recent review by Chantler and Holliday (63) stressed in the importance of protein-calorie deficiency in the pathogensis of growth retardation and disturbed hormonal metabolism in children with chronic renal failure. The importance of this factor in adult patients with chronic uremia has been less well appreciated. However, striking similarities exist between the metabolic and endocrine abnormalities found in protein-calorie malnutrition and those found in uremia. These include, for example, altered albumin and amino acid metabolism, decreased levels of serum transferrin, peripheral insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance, elevated levels of glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone, and possibly diminished secretion of thyrotropin and thyroxine. Although not absolutely identical, the similarities between these two clinical syndromes suggest intriguing possible approaches to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the uremic syndrome and its treatment. PMID- 808681 TI - Serological studies of Australia-antigenaemia in different categories of sick and healthy persons. AB - Sera (1,333) were collected from patients at various days after the onset of manifest B-virus hepatitis; from long term asymptomatic carriers of Au-antigen, with or without a demonstrable history of hepatitis; and from apparently healthy Au-negative persons. Au-anti-genaemia was tested with gel-diffusion (GD), counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), reversed haemagglutination (RHA) and complement fixation (CF). The CF test was found to be as sensitive as the RHA test, about 10 times more sensitive than the CIE, and about 25 times more sensitive than the GD test. With greater amounts of antibodies used in CF tests, the titres of AU antigen were higher and the heights of prozones were lower. It is stressed that in screening for Au-antigen, sera should be tested in dilutions from 2 to 64, against 4 to 8 CF units of antibody. The frequency of asymptomatic long term Au carriers, in the group with a known history of hepatitis, amounted to 41%, and themean titre of Au-antigen was 1:392. In the group of long-term carriers with no detectable history of hepatitis, the rate of Au-carriers was 1.6%, and the mean titre was 1:19. PMID- 808682 TI - Effect of the lanthanides, lanthanum and neodymium on the heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. AB - The lanthanides, lanthanum and neodymium, do not completely replace calcium in producing heat-resistant spores in Bacillus cereus SV1. The chelate stability of calcium-dipicolinic acid appears to be important in the heat resistance of bacterial spores as does the ability of calcium to produce a hydrophobic environment. PMID- 808683 TI - [Investigation of living and flattened microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - In 1973 one of the present authors described a new method of cytological observation based upon flattening of living cells. This method was tested with several microorganisms as bacteria, fungi and algae. The application of the method allows the clear resolution of cytological structures that are otherwise obscured or can hardly be recognized. In addition cellular motion and development can be followed much better than by usual methods of cell culture. In certain objects (yeasts and fungal hyphae tips) all cellular organelles are forced into one plane of focus and are thus resolved simultaneously even at highest magnification. Different species especially among the yeasts exhibited quite varying intracellular contrast of mitochondria. PMID- 808684 TI - [Production of spheroplasts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The spheroplasts were prepared from the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa IBFM-13 upon incubation with lysozyme, but without EDTA. The following conditions were found to be optimal: 20 percent sucrose; lysozyme, 54 mcg/mg protein of the cells; pH 7.6. The spheroplasts, as well as the cells, have a high rate of malate oxidation, but do not oxidize NADH2, the latter fact suggesting that the cytoplasmic membrane remains intact. PMID- 808685 TI - [Electron microscopic and biochemical study of spheroplasts of the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis]. AB - Electron microscopy of the spheroplasts of the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis revealed damages induced by lysozyme. Biochemical analysis confirmed the data of electron microscopy that the spheroplasts had lost partly the cytoplasmic content of the cells. DNA was preserved in the spheroplasts though the nucleoid was not detected by electron microscopy. PMID- 808686 TI - [Microflora of active ooze participating in the decomposition of sulfanilic acid]. AB - Microflora of domestic water can be a source of active ooze adapted to sulphanilic acid. Adaptation of the microflora to sulphanilic acid at a concentration of 170-200 mg/l takes 6 to 8 days. The microflora of active ooze, immediately after adaptation, consists mainly of Pseudomonas species, Ps. denitrificans, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. striata, Ps. putida, etc., and also of Achromobacter stutzeri, Achromobacter flavum, Mycobacterium phlei, Mycobacterium mucosum, Bacillus mesentericus, Bac. cereus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Rhodotorula glutinus. The number of the species decreased as a result of long cultivation of active ooze on a minimal medium with sulphanilic acid as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen; the following strains prevailed: Ps. putida, Ps. eisenbergii, strains of Mycobacterium phlei and Flavobacterium solare. The isolated strains of Ps. putida and Ps. eisenbergii decomposed sulphanilic acid by 60.0--79.5 percent, and together with Mycobacterium phlei by 100 percent during 4 to 7 days. The ability to oxidize sulphanilic acid decreased after storage. Addition to the medium of other sources of carbon, nitrogen and vitamins did not restore the lost ability of the microorganisms to decompose sulphanilic acid. PMID- 808687 TI - [Effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure on the activity of catabolic enzymes in barotolerant bacteria]. AB - The effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure on catabolic enzymes was studied with four strains of barotolerant bacteria isolated from ooze at high depth of the Pacific Ocean. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0798 and Ps. sociovivum 0913, tolerant to a pressure of 500 atm, have more active catabolic enzymes than Ps. nonliquefaciens 0613 and Ps. acuta 039, which do not grow at a pressure of 500 atm. Changes in the activity of the enzymes caused by elevated hydrostatic pressure are similar to changes caused by the process of the culture aging. PMID- 808688 TI - [Dynamics of formation of individual enzymes of the proteolytic complex during cultivation of Streptomyces griseus]. AB - The activity of the following peptide hydrolases was studied in the course of submerged cultivation of Streptomyces griseus: proteinases (decomposing casein, benzoyl-arginine-ethyl ester, benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide), carboxypeptidases, aminopeptidases, aminotripeptidases and dipeptidases (decomposing carbobenzoxy-glycyl-leucine, leucyl-glycyl-glycine, triglycine, glycyl-leucine, and glycyl-glycine). The dynamics of production differs among individual enzymes of the complex of peptide hydrolases, suggesting that they are not synthesized at the same time. The ratio between proteases in the cultural broth varies in the course of growth; therefore, the preparations with different types of action prevailing (proteinase, peptidase, etc.) can be obtained. Comparatively small changes in the composition of the medium caused considerable modifications in the processes of synthesis of peptide hydrolase and in their quantities. The overall proteolytic activity increased by a factor of 1.6 to 2.5 when the fermentation was prolonged from 120 hours to 160 to 180 hours. The most pronounced was an increase in the activity of proteinases and aminopeptidase decomposing leucyl-glycyl-glycine. These enzymes seem to be the most important in the action of the protease complex of Str. griseus. PMID- 808689 TI - [Biosynthesis of group B vitamins by yeasts--symbionts of xylophagous insects]. AB - The biosynthesis of vitamins of the B group was studied in the yeasts Debaryomyces and Zygowillia--the symbionts of insects--xylophages. These yeasts provide the vitamins of the B group (biotin, thiamine, inositol, pyridoxine, nicotinic and pantothenic acids) for the preimaginal phases of insects- xylophages. The presence of these vitamins under the bark of trees and in other places of insect habitation is related to the viability of the yeasts. The content of the vitamins in the phloem depends on the quantity of the yeast organisms in it. PMID- 808690 TI - [Growth and antibiotic formation of bacteria of genus Pseudomonas on media with n alkanes of low molecular weight]. AB - The ability to assimilate n-alkanes form hexane to decane was studied among 495 collection strains and 27 freshly isolated strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. All freshly isolated strains and over one third of collection cultures of Ps. aurantiaca grow on mineral media with n-alkanes of low molecular weight, but do not assimilate heavy paraffins. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. fluorescens and Ps. putida, isolated from oilbearing soils, and individual collection cultures, belonging to the two latter species, can assimilate both n alkanes of low molecular weight (C6--C10) and heavy paraffins. Contrary to Ps. aurantiaca, other species of the Pseudomonas genus lose the ability to assimilate n-alkanes of low molecular weight after cultivation on rich organic media. An increase in the concentration of the mixture of low molecular weight paraffins (to 20 per cent by volume) has no toxic effect on the Pseudomonas bacteria whose biomass has a high content of protein and all necessary amino acids. The strains of Ps. aurantiaca produce a highly active antibiotic preparation consisting of floroglucine derivatives on the defined medium with n-alkanes of low molecular weight. The ratio between components of the preparation obtained on the media with n-alkanes and on the optimal organic media is different. PMID- 808691 TI - [Comparative study of the functions of the spheroplasts and cells of the blue green alga Anabaena variabilis]. AB - The effect of light was studied with the spheroplasts of the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis. Contrary to the intact cells, the spheroplasts did not synthesize nucleic acids and pigments in the light. These components of the spheroplasts were decomposed in the light, and the remaining chlorophyll was incapable of luminescence. The rate of oxygen uptake increased upon the incubation of the spheroplasts in the light. Changes of the functions induced by lysozyme in the cells of A. variabilis are irreversible, contrary to those which are caused by the incubation in the darkness and can be restored if the cells are transferred into the light. PMID- 808692 TI - [Metabolic characteristics of thermophilic microorganisms]. AB - The maximum growth rate of thermophilic bacteria was found in the exponential growth phase during 2 to 3 hours, and the metabolism was aerobic. In the linear growth phase, the substrate (glucose) was metabolized both by the aerobic and anaerobic pathways during the cultivation of the thermophilic bacteria with shaking; this was confirmed by increasing values of the respiratory quotient and by the evolution of volatile acids. The mesophilic bacteria oxidized the substrate by the aerobic pathway under the same conditions of cultivation, both during the exponential and linear growth phases, and had the stable value of the respiratory quotient. The economic coefficient was lower in the thermophilic microorganisms (bacteria and thermotolerant yeasts) than in the mesophilic cultures. PMID- 808694 TI - Letter: New hope in breast cancer treatment. PMID- 808693 TI - A model of psychosomatic illness. AB - An attempt is made to provide a general theoretical framework for psychosomatic disease. It is suggested that the convergence of a number of factors is necessary for the production of the illness. These factors include an individual's control or repression of emotional discharge over a long period. In addition, the affected person may show personality characteristics consistent with such control, and may live in a situation of unresolved conflict. The choice of illness might be determined by organ "weakness". The persistence of symptoms after resolution of the conflict is explained in terms of conditioning. PMID- 808696 TI - Editorial: Prevention of rhesus immunization in Australia. PMID- 808695 TI - Nutrition 13: fibre. PMID- 808697 TI - Prevention of rhesus immunization in Australia. The first seven years. AB - After seven years' general use of anti-Rh (D) immunoglobulin in Australia, it is clear that the rate of Rh immunization by pregnancy can be reduced to 1% or less by giving anti-D to women at risk soon after delivery. All Rh-negative women who have miscarriages or terminations of pregnancy should also be given anti-D. The Australian standard dose of 250 mug of anti-D is also much more than the minimum effective dose for most cases, and few more failures would occur if it were reduced to 100mug of antibody. Some of these may be prevented by screening maternal blood for the presence of fetal cells and giving further anti-D when large numbers are found. A trial has been conducted since 1970 to discover whether giving anti-D during pregnancy as well as at delivery will further reduce the rate of rhesus immunization. Results are still inconclusive. While giving anti-D during pregnancy appear to have no serious hazard for mother or infant, it will prevent few cases of rhesus immunization, and may not be justifiable. There has so far been little change in the incidence or mortality of haemolytic disease of the newborn in Australia that cen be attributed to the use of anti-D. PMID- 808698 TI - [Interferon and its clinical use]. PMID- 808700 TI - [Apical diverticula of the gastric fornix]. PMID- 808699 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of femur head necrosis in adults]. PMID- 808701 TI - Treatment of Pseudomonas infections in dogs. PMID- 808702 TI - The comparison of rat liver rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins before and after in vitro removal of its bound ribosomes. AB - The comparison of the proteins of rat liver rough membrane after stripping with EDTA or KCl-puromycin by two dimensional gel electrophoresis is described. By stripping the membrane with EDTA, most of the basic ribosomal proteins are still attached to the membrane; in contrast to the EDTA stripping method, treatment with KCl-puromycin removes most of the ribosomal proteins and does not remove any of the membranal proteins. PMID- 808703 TI - Genetics and retinal detachment. PMID- 808704 TI - Massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) I. Pigment epithelium proliferation. PMID- 808705 TI - Membrane formation by autotransplanted retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). AB - Autotransplanted RPE cells after free intravitreal injection or in millipore diffusion chambers placed into the vitreous cavity undergo metaplasia: they first show the characteristics of macrophages. Later they transform into spindle-shaped cells or even into pigment epithelium-like cells. The latter two cell types have definite epithelial cell characteristics, such as cellunctions and basement membrane formation, clearly indicating that they are of ectodermal origin. These results support the hypothesis that RPE proliferation and metaplsia may play a major role in the formation of collagen-containing membranes, such as are found in massive periretinal proliferation (MPP). PMID- 808706 TI - Massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) IV. Pre- and subretinal proliferation of glial tissue in experimental retinal detachment. AB - In experimental retinal detachment of the owl monkey eye, the formation of pre- and subretinal membranes was observed which typically had cellular connections to the retina proper. Based on light microscopic findings, it could be concluded that retinal cells grew out of the retina and built up the pre- and subretinal tissue. Electron microscopically these cells are glial cells (astrocytes) which grow out of the retina through focal interruptions in the internal limiting membrane and external limiting membrane. In the immediate area of outgrowth, Mueller cell processes participate in the formation of pre- and subretinal tissue. PMID- 808708 TI - [Listeria excreters and their epidemiological significance (author's transl)]. AB - By using the best bacteriological methods of investigation and reading techniques we were able to discover 82 excreters from stool samples of 841 persons and to culture 113 Listeria monocytogenes strains of different serotypes (1/2a, 4a, 4b, 4ab). Following up several excreters over a longer time (1 1/2 years) revealed periods with positive and negative results. Strains of listeria isolated from the stool samples of pregnant women have a particular significance and act as pointers to virulence. In the presence of clinical factors suspicious of listeriosis and the excretion of serotypes considered virulent, prophylactic therapy with ampicillin should be carried out during pregnancy. PMID- 808707 TI - Transvitreal chorioretinal biopsy. AB - A technique for transvitreal chorioretinal biopsy has been developed which employs a stereotaxic intraocular micromanipulator and a newly designed biopsy instrument. Biopsy is performed by trephinating and removing from the eye a 1.5 mm diameter specimen of posterior eye wall. Hemostasis and chorioretinal adhesion are achieved by mechanical compression of the tissues surrounding the eye wall defect. The eye wall defect is sealed by a preplaced silicone explant and repaired by fibrovascular ingrowth from the surrounding choroid and episclera. Normal histological features of the biopsy specimen are preserved except for edema of the tissues, separation of the neurosensory retina from the pigmented epithelium, and occasional hemorrhagic detachment of the pigmented epithelium. PMID- 808710 TI - [Measles vaccination with split vaccines and living vaccines (author's transl)]. AB - Two vaccination groups were observed over four years. One group received multiple preliminary vaccinations with measles split vaccine and were subsequently immunised with measles live vaccine. The second group received live vaccine only. The protection from the live vaccine, with and without the preliminary vaccination, must be considered very good, while the protection of a preliminary vaccination with split vaccine is only sufficiently effective for 1 1/2 to 2 years. All children-whether pre-vaccinated with split vaccine or not-should be protected against measles with live vaccine from the second year of life. PMID- 808709 TI - [111 cases of tetanus in 18 years. Report of experiences and general conclusions (author's transl)]. AB - Tetanus is subdivided into 3 degrees of severity according to the course. When death occurs, we differentiate those cases due to the disease itself (16) and those resulting from late complications or avoidable technical defects (12). 82 of our 111 patients-79 men and women-had been neither passively nor actively immunized and none of the supposedly actively immunized had been inoculated properly. The horse serum available in earlier years was considered unsuitable while an intravenous human serum recently produced by Messrs Immuno of Vienna justified greater expectations. Sedation or prolonged sleep with and without relaxation, tube feeding and parenteral feeding, prolonged intubation or trachectomy, duration of the life-threatening phase of the disease, breaking off treatment ("stealing out"), mobilization and finally, the question of expense, bear no relation to the extremely small cost of a confirmed triple inoculation. An urgent consequence of this is obligatory active immunization in early childhood if an earlier inoculation has not been done, but also at any time afterwards. PMID- 808711 TI - [New cases of polio in Bavaria]. PMID- 808712 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of intravenous Cefradin in normal and restricted renal function (author's transl)]. AB - Half life and distribution volume of Cefradin were investigated in 22 patients with various degrees of renal function in which Cefradin was indicated and set in relation to glomerular filtration (determined by the 51Cr EDTA method). An average distribution volume of 21.8 +/- 3.5% of the body weight was found and a correlation between the half life of Cefradin and the glomerular filtration in the form of a power function. Estimations of levels were made from the pharmacokinetic data (half life, distribution volume) which serve as a basis for the recommendation of isoconcentration dosages. These are graduated according to the different degrees of renal insufficiency and given in tabular form for single injections and for continuous infusion drip therapy. PMID- 808713 TI - [Epidemiologic appearance of molluscum contagiosum in a rare form and localization]. PMID- 808714 TI - [Letter: Placebo-therapy and compulory patient information. Discussional contribution to W. Barnikel, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 882]. PMID- 808715 TI - [Letter: Placebo-therapy and compulsory patient information. Conclusion to the discussional contribution by G. Schulz, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975)]. PMID- 808716 TI - [Risk factors of coronary heart diseases in hospitalized psychic patients]. AB - The first results are communicated of studies which deal with risk factors, prevalence and incidence of coronary heart diseases in hospitalzied psychic patients. 1726 patients aged from 40-69 years hospitalized in 8 psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes in Germany were examined for the presence of risk factors of coronary heart diseases. Only 28.5% of the 867 men examined and 14.8% of the 859 women showed no risk factors. 37.3% of the male and 56.3% of the female patients had to be classified as particularly endangered on the grounds of two or more risk factors. The results were compared with those of some epidemiological studies in average populations. The higher prevalence of serious overweight and diabetic metabolic disorders in the psychiatric patients was striking. PMID- 808717 TI - [Refractory therapy as a criterion for coronary surgery. Challenge for a discussion]. PMID- 808718 TI - [Radiotelemetric electrocardiography for the detection of "paroxysmal tachycardia" under the influence of various stresses]. AB - Modern longterm electrocardiography (telemetry, tape recorder) permits the simultaneous recording of heart rate and arrhythmias and analysis of the QRS complex and ST-T sections. "Paroxysmal tachycardia" in different stress situations and the telemetric electrocardiograph tracing must be interpreted taking into consideration additional findings of clinical cardiological examinations. Of 82 subjects, 30 with the symptom "tachycardia" with familial and/or occupational stress could be subdivided into three disease groups: Group A: autonomic lability of healthy hearts; Group B: patients with pre-excitation syndrome; Group C: organic heart disease patients. PMID- 808719 TI - [Saluretics in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - In a presentation of the treatment of high blood pressure with saluretics, the course of action especially and the therapeutic aspects of medical prohibition of salt in this indication are discussed in addition to referring to the pathogenetic importance of sodium for hypertension. Two phases of action can be differentiated in the lowering of blood pressure after saluretics. The antihypertensive action in the first (renal) phase is based on the reduction in volume of the extracellular fluid which accompanies the elimination of sodium and water, in the second (extrarenal) phase a lowering of vessel tone and peripheral resistance is responsible. PMID- 808720 TI - [Lipoatrophic diabetes. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - Lipoatrophic diabetes is characterized by: complete lack of subcutaneous fattissue (generalized lipodystrophy), insulin resistant diabetes mellitus, hepatosplenomegaly, excessive hyperthyroidism, elevated basal metabolic note without hyperthyroidism. Recently, "cystic" alterations in the bone have been described as a possible further characteristic. The case of a young woman, now aged 21, who has had generalized lipodystrophy for 17 years and overt diabetes mellitus for 6 years is reported. PMID- 808721 TI - [Twenty years of oral diabetic therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Oral diabetic therapy can be differentiated into sulfonamide derivatives and guanidine derivatives. The substances are different with respect to mode of action, sphere of indications and side effects. In the past 20 years, preparations of both classes of substance have been considerably improved by research work and the clinical experience gained. Among the sulfonamide derivatives are preparations which are highly effective, low dosed and have few side effects. The gastro-intestinal side effects of the biguanides have been counteracted by the development of slow-release preparations. In the range of indications for oral antidiabetics, it must be noted that more important forms of treatment are available in diet and insulin therapy. Therefore, all dietetic possiblities must be exhauseted, especially in overweight diabetics, before oral antidiabetics are prescribed. PMID- 808722 TI - [Stratum-specific difficulties in the use of psychoanalysis (author's transl)]. AB - Beginning with the observation that in spite of the opportunities available, members of the working classes are seldom treated with psychoanalytic therapy, the reason for this was investigated. For this purpose, the author relies on the observations of a group of doctors during a 5-year attempt to interest neurotic patients in this stratum in a psycho-therapeutic discussion at a medical ambulant clinic. The following factors are isolated: an extremely strict superego; and upbringing extraordinarily antagonistic instinct and phantasy in early childhood which does not allow certain instinctive impluse to develop for fear of punishment; certain interhuman interactions between mother and infant are not experienced at all or only as an emotional action without words. The results are presented. PMID- 808723 TI - [Synovectomy and prosthetic substitution of rheumatic knee joints (author's transl)]. AB - Synovectomy and alloarthroplasty are the prinicpal forms of surgical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the knee joint. The aim of both procedures is the reduction or elimination of the painful condition, the quantitative reduction of analgesics and hormone preparations, and improvement of function. Synovectomy removes the principal pathogenetic area of RA. The indications, contra indications, valve technique of the two methods are gone into. The problems of rehabilitation are referred to. PMID- 808724 TI - [Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of magnesium (author's transl)]. AB - A dose-dependent fall in diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, systolic pressure, inhibition of neuromuscular transmission and blockade of sympathetic ganglia could be demonstrated during infusion of magnesium in animal experiments. In sighting trials in two clinically healthy subjects, suggestions of a phasic course for plasma Mg were found, with a minimum in the morning. After administration of magnesium asparate hydrochloride in enteric coated capsules, the plasma Mg rose, depending on the dose, with a maximum at 3.7 hours. Raising the plasma Mg over 24 hours is possible with a total dose of 9 mg/kg Mg, divided into two or three doses daily. For reasons of absorption and better tolerance, division into three doses seems more advantageous. PMID- 808725 TI - [The 1st ten years of a regional hospital]. PMID- 808726 TI - [70th anniversary of Walter Seitz]. PMID- 808727 TI - Identification of diploids of Aspergillus flavus by the nuclear condition of conidia. PMID- 808729 TI - Editorial: Impact of nationwide catastrophic health insurance. PMID- 808730 TI - Sounding board. How to improve the public's health. PMID- 808728 TI - Recovery of pituitary thyrotropic function after withdrawal of prolonged thyroid suppression therapy. AB - The pattern of thyrotropin secretion was analyzed in seven euthyroid women, before and after withdrawal of long-term thyroid hormone, by serial measurements of thyroid 131l uptake, serum thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, and thyrotropin concentrations, and the response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. During exogenous hormone administration, 131l uptake was suppressed, and serum thyrotropin concentrations before and after administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone were undetectable. After withdrawal of exogenous hormone, thyrotropin secretory function was transiently impaired, as indicated by undetectable basal thyrotropin concentrations together with absence of response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and subsequently by normal values of basal thyrotropin concentration and normal responses to releasing hormone while serum thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentrations were subnormal. Decreased thyrotropin reserve persisted for two to five weeks. Detectable values of serum thyrotropin (less than 1.2 muU per milliliter) and a normal 131l uptake usually occurred concurrently in two to three weeks. Serum thyroxine concentration returned to normal at least four weeks after hormone withdrawal. PMID- 808731 TI - Letter: Use of rh immune globulins. PMID- 808732 TI - The origin of nuclei and of eukaryotic cells. PMID- 808733 TI - 5S RNA secondary structure. PMID- 808735 TI - Strain differences in maze-learning ability of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 808734 TI - Intracellular killing of Listeria monocytogenes by activated macrophages (Mackaness system) is due to antibiotic. PMID- 808737 TI - Induction of synthesis of bacterial protein by excretory product of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1. PMID- 808736 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in GM1-gangliosidosis. PMID- 808738 TI - In vitro transcription of a late class of phage SP01 genes. PMID- 808739 TI - Release of immunoreactive luteinising hormone-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin releasing hormone from hypothalamus. PMID- 808741 TI - [Diverticulosis of the small intestine]. PMID- 808740 TI - Toxicity of a highly purified leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in perfused rat livers. AB - Leucocidin, a toxic protein obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was tested in perfused rat livers. Doses of greater than 4 mug/g liver produced a heavy potassium loss and a massive decrease of the perfusion rate but only moderate swelling of the liver at 37 decrees C. All effects depended on the dose. If the perfusions were carried out at 22 or 9 degrees C neither K+-loss nor swelling, and only a moderate increase of the vascular resistance was observed. Swelling at 37 degrees C was stronger at low initial perfusion rates (2.0 ml.min-1.g-1) than at higher ones (4.0 ml.min-1.g-1). The major effect of leucocidin could be prevented when the perfusion medium was changed 30 min after the addition of the toxin. Only small amounts o of 125I-leucocidin were taken up by the liver tissue. The time course and the quantity of nearly all effects of leucocidin were quite different from those of phalloidin. PMID- 808742 TI - [Letter: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]. PMID- 808743 TI - Immunologic study of antigens and molecular hybridization of nucleic acids from milk of breast cancer patients. AB - Comparative study has shown that by the gel diffusion assay both anti-HEp-2 virus serum and anti-breast cancer milk ultrasediment serum precipitated an identical antigen in human milk specimens, which was not identical with the group specific antigen of the HEp-2 virus. At the same time tha anti-breast cancer milk serum did not precipitate the HEp-2 virus. However, molecular hybridization experiments revealed nucleotide sequences homologous to nucleic acids of oncornavirus of D type in milk obtained from breast carcinoma patients as well as in milk of healthy donors. PMID- 808744 TI - Cross-modal matching in the rhesus monkey using a single pair of stimuli. PMID- 808745 TI - Effects of ablations of the superior colliculi on spectral sensitivity in monkeys. PMID- 808746 TI - Effects of dorsolateral frontal cortical ablations on stimulus equivalence and transposition in monkeys. PMID- 808747 TI - [Monocular or binocular visual fields and precision of pointing in the "split brain" monkey]. PMID- 808749 TI - Sensorimotor function of the midbrain tectum. II. Classes of visually guided behavior. PMID- 808751 TI - Cortical control of collicular cells in the ground squirrel and macaque. PMID- 808750 TI - Anatomical basis of receptive field properties of the superficial cells. PMID- 808748 TI - The vasodilator action of angiography with Urografin 60% on the basal vessels of the brain of the baboon. AB - Angiography under experimental conditions shows that Urografin has a vasodilator action of the order of 8% upon the basal cerebral arteries of the baboon. This action is not seen within the first 4 sec of the angiogram and the dilator effect of a single injection has passed off completely 15 min later. Three successive injections within 7 min show little evidence of cumulative vasodilatation. The vasodilator action of three successive angiograms has disappeared 22 to 29 min later. Because of wide variations in the degree of vasodilatation shown by individual baboons it may be necessary to use each baboon as its own control in subsequent work. PMID- 808752 TI - Sensorimotor transformation in the tectum of the macaque. PMID- 808753 TI - Sensorimotor transformation and selective attention in the macaque. PMID- 808754 TI - Tectal oculomotor connections. PMID- 808755 TI - Dual function of the tectum in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). PMID- 808756 TI - Role of the cortex in the visual orientation of the African lemur (Galago). PMID- 808757 TI - Some unresolved issues concerning the optic tectum. PMID- 808758 TI - Focal seizures and aminophylline. AB - Intravenous aminophylline therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may trigger prolonged and difficult to control focal motor seizures with generalization. This can occur in previously neurologically asymptomatic patients and be associated with a poor outcome. Most patients exhibited periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges or had autopsy-proved focal central nervous system lesions, or both. If focal and generalized seizures develop during aminophylline therapy, drug toxicity should be suspect as announcing a focal central lesion. Careful individual monitoring of aminophylline dose and administration rate is essential. PMID- 808759 TI - A family with coexistent von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and von Hippel Lindau's disease. Diseases possibly derived from a common gene. AB - A large kindred has two coexistent neurocutaneous syndromes: Certain members appear to have von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (cutaneous neurofibromata, cafe-au-lait spots), others have von Hippel-Lindau's disease (angiomatosis retinae, renal cell carcinomas, pancreatic cysts), and at least one individual has a combined syndrome (neurofibromata, cafe-au-lait spots, pheochromocytomas, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts). Inheritance may be through either two separate genes segregating coincidentally in this family, or a unique single gene with pleiotropic expressivity. PMID- 808760 TI - Barbiturate attenuation of the clinical course and pathologic lesions in a primate stroke model. AB - To evaluate the potential for clinical application, the reputed protective action of barbiturates in cerebral ischemia was tested in a controlled study after segmental middle cerebral artery occlusion in primates. Surviving treated animals promptly recovered consciousness, locomotion, and feeding behavior despite persistent hemiplegia, while control animals ran an indolent course, with slow recovery of poor quality. Cerebral lesions in treated animals were confined to the deep hemispheric structures, while control specimens showed larger deep lesions confluent with extensive areas of cortical infarction. These results are less dramatic than those reported by others, but the protective effect observed in fields of collateral circulation deserves further exploration as an adjunct to medical and surgical management. PMID- 808761 TI - Equity in paying for health care services under a national insurance system. AB - The debate over the future of the health care delivery system evolves around the policy issue of what constitutes a fair distribution of the medical services which are considered essential to prolonging life, curing disease, and relieving pain. A case can be made that a socially equitable distribution implies that consumption of medical services is independent of the consumer's income and payment for them unrelated to utilization. The present paper examines to what extent the provisions for financing a national health insurance system are likely to advance or hinder the fair distribution of health care services. Almost all bills specify a mix of direct (cost-shared) and indirect (prepaid) financing. When cost-sharing is based on the quantity of services or on the level of medical expenditure, it helps divert medical care and health insurance benefits to high income persons at the expense of their low-or moderate-income counterparts. When indirect payments or premium levels are determined by insurance risks rather than by income, they may be too high for persons with moderate means, and are likely to exclude such persons from the national insurance program. When health insurance is tied to salaried employment, it discriminates against the unemployed and the self-employed. To rectify such inequities, some NHI proposals specify separate insurance plans for the disadvantaged. Such programs, which require income-testing to determine eligibility, are likely to be plagued by administrative complications currently engulfing other means-tested social welfare programs. The present paper makes some recommendations for the purpose of avoiding these difficulties and fostering equity in health care. PMID- 808762 TI - End stage renal disease. Introduction. PMID- 808764 TI - Management of end-stage kidney disease: medical aspects. PMID- 808763 TI - Restrospect and prospect: renal failure and developing military patient care. PMID- 808766 TI - The role of complement in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 808765 TI - Progressive renal failure and nephrotic syndrome in children. A spectrum of glomerulonephropathies. PMID- 808767 TI - Technical and management considerations in kidney transplantation. PMID- 808768 TI - Renal allograft rejection. PMID- 808769 TI - Medical, legal, and ethical aspects of organ transplantation. PMID- 808770 TI - The establishment of the Medical Department of the Continental Army. PMID- 808771 TI - Battlefield cleft lip-nose deformity: case report with thirty-year follow-up. PMID- 808773 TI - Editorial: The Joint Commission and the Inspector General join hands. PMID- 808772 TI - McVay herniorrhapy. The transition suture and femoral vein injury: case report. PMID- 808774 TI - Oral feeding versus total parenteral nutrition in low birthweight infants. PMID- 808775 TI - Central venous thrombosis following central venous catheterisation and parenteral nutrition: case report. AB - A case is presented in which bilateral subclavian, brachiocephalic, and superior vena cava thrombosis occurred associated with central venous catheterisation and parenteral nutrition. Streptokinase therapy followed by heparinisation resulted in successful clinical resolution. PMID- 808776 TI - New Zealand psychiatry and the Southland scheme. PMID- 808777 TI - Renal function and home haemodialysis. AB - Residual renal function, urine production and electroyte excretion were measured in 17 patients at home on intermittent haemodialysis. 51Cr-EDTA clearances ranged from 1.2 to 4.5 ml/min and urine volumes form 0-657ml/24 hours. Electrolyte excretions varied widely. The amount of residual renal function did not affect the degree of rehabilitation. PMID- 808778 TI - Cortisol levels in fetal scalp, maternal, and umbilical cord plasma. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate cortisol levels in the fetal circulation prior to delivery. Fetal scalp plasma cortisol levels during labor were significantly lower than those in maternal peripheral plasma but significantly higher than those in cord plasma at delivery. Cortisol levels in fetal scalp plasma did not correlate significantly with those in either maternal or cord plasma. The greater cortisol concentrations in fetal scalp plasma relative to those in cord plasma could have been transient increases caused by fetal adrenal response to the stress of the scalp sampling procedure. There was a significant correlation between cortisol levels in maternal and cord plasma, which may mean that a considerable part of the cortisol in the fetal circulation at delivery is of maternal origin. PMID- 808779 TI - The diagnosis and management of rheumatoid synovitis. AB - After establishing the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis one should determine the extent to which synovitic or structural lesions are responsible for the symptoms. Because structural lesions lack the potential for recovery, a plan should be laid out for their management, by either surgical correction or acceptance of the disability. In regard to the synovitis, one should determine whether it is likely to undergo a spontaneous remission. If a remission seems likely, the physician can manage the disease with a suppressive agent, usually salicylates. If a spontaneous remission seems unlikely and the patient's function is deteriorating, a clinical trial of either gold, hydroxychloroquin, or penicillamine is in order (in conjunction with a suppressive agent). If the first drug fails, one of the others should be tried next. There is no rationale for repeating a trial of one of these drugs if it has previously failed. If all three agents fail to produce a remission, the suppressive agent should be continued, and the physican serves as the patient's "friend" and frequently will be called upon to advise the patient about the need for reconstructive surgery. PMID- 808780 TI - Characteristics of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: its medical and orthopedic management. AB - The characteristics of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have been presented and the important features of its medical and orthopedic management described. Surgical experience in a carefully studied group of 200 patients has been recounted. The increasing importance of reconstructive joint surgery is noted, preferably performed after growth has stopped. PMID- 808781 TI - Chemoprophylaxis of bladder cancer recurrence: immunological aspects. PMID- 808782 TI - Cardiovascular dynamics during classical appetitive and aversive conditioning in laboratory primates. AB - This report describes changes in the rate of rise of left and right intraventricular pressures during aversive and appetitive conditioning procedures in chair-restrained rhesus monkeys. The conditioning paradigm consisted of a one minute tone followed, in the one case, by an electric shock, and in the other, by the delivery of Purina monkey pellets. The conditional cardiovascular response was characterized by short latency, highly significant elevations in the derivatives of both ventricular pressures as well as a marked arterial pressor response and tachycardia. The magnitude of the conditional response to the classical aversive procedure was somewhat larger than that to appetitive conditioning. These alterations in the rate of development of intraventricular pressure can be attributed largely to augmentation in the sympathetic neural input to the heart and contribute to an analysis of selective aspects of the nervous regulation of the heart in intact, behaviorally conditioned animals. PMID- 808783 TI - Thalamic modulation of aggression. AB - This experiment extends Pavlov's method of contrasts for 8 components of aggression were quantitatively evaluated in 11 freely moving adult cats. Aggression was elicited from the perifornix septohypothalamic areas by a series of progressively increasing and decreasing stimulation parameters. Three levels of thalamic stimulation (low, medium, and high) were combined with the perifornix stimulations. High level thalamic stimulation tended to facilitate the aggressive response elicited by low level perifornix stimulation. Thalamic lesions attenuated the aggression response, especially those elicited during high level perifornix stimulation. It was suggested that within the hypothalamic induced aggression circuitry the center median nucleus modulates the excitatory state of the system. The discussion concerns anatomic and physiologic pathways through which the center median nucleus may modulate the sensory, motor, and affective autonomic subsystems into a well integrated aggressive state. These experimental findings are supported by the clinically established treatment of aggression by stereotaxic lesions placed in the center median nucleus. PMID- 808785 TI - [Fucosidosis]. PMID- 808784 TI - Hemopexin synthesis in vitro by human fetal tissues. AB - Serum concentrations of hemopexin, transferrin, and albumin were measured for 12 fetuses between 14 and 36 weeks of gestational age. Hemopexin levels ranged from 7 to 64 mug/ml, transferrin levels ranged from 280 to 928 mug/ml, and albumin levels ranged from 13 to 59 mg/ml. In general, the serum concentrations of these three proteins increased with advancing gestation. Placenta, thymus, and colon did not incorporate 14C-labeled amino acids into hemopexin, transferrin, or albumin. By contrast radioimmune precipitates for five culture supernatants of liver indicated significant synthesis of albumin and hemopexin. [14C]Albumin accounted for 22-73% and [14C]hemopexin 1.1-4.2% of the total 14C-labeled proteins. In each instance, the [14C]transferrin was below 1% of the total 14C labeled proteins. PMID- 808786 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 808787 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in pediatrics: the Borden award address. AB - Research in parenteral nutrition in infants has proceeded rapidly over the past few years, thanks in large part to the perfection of safe central venous delivery of hypertonic nutritive infusates. At present, there are clear definitions of indications and expectations of results for this method of therapy in two well defined groups of patients--i.e., selected surgical neonates and infants with chronic intractable diarrhea. In addition, we have suggestive evidence of another potentially valuable application in the nutritional management of very low birthweight infants. However, in this group, a controlled study will be necessary before the role of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in neonatal care of such infants can be determined precisely. Results obtained with TPN in adults with inflammatory bowel disease or acute renal failure suggest that trials of this technique in pediatric patients with these disorders should be carried out. As a result of the research in TPN carried out thus far, we have learned how to minimize or to treat many of the complications of the technique and we have identified at least the ways by which still others can be prevented. The future holds many new advances not only in the refinement of existing parenteral nutritional solutions but also, and perhaps of even greater importance; in the perfection of individualized total nutritional therapy for specific patients using the enteral route for those discrete components of intake for which digestive and/or absorptive mechanisms are unimpaired and using the parenteral route for the remainder. PMID- 808788 TI - Rickets associated with long-term anticonvulsant therapy in a pediatric outpatient population. AB - Over a 12-month period, an ambulatory pediatric population receiving long-term anticonvulsants was surveyed for the presence of biochemical and radiologic rickets. There were 74 treated children and 95 matched controls. Elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in 31 of the 74 (42%) treated children (23 of 47 children between 2 and 10 years and 8 of 21 children between 10 and 16 years). This frequency of abnormal values was significantly greater than that which occurred in our control population. Calcium and phosphorus abnormalities were minimal in both treated and control populations. Radiologic rickets occurred in 6 of the 74 (8%) of the treated children and in none of the control population. Neither the severity of the rickets nor the degree of hyperalkaline phosphatasemia were correlated with age of the patient, duration, and/or dose of anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 808789 TI - Nutritional supplements with intravenously administered lipid, protein hydrolysate, and glucose in small premature infants. AB - Nutritional support with intravenously administered fat, protein hydrolysate, and glucose was given to 23 premature infants weighing less than 1,500 gm at birth. Growth in the 19 survivors approximated intrauterine growth rates in all dimensions. Complications included sodium imbalance and transient intolerance of the smallest and sickest infants to all components: carbohydrate, protein, fat, and even water. Autopsies in four patients who died did not reveal any untoward findings clearly related to the use of intravenously given lipids. Intravenously given fat has a potentially useful role in the nutritional support of small premature infants. PMID- 808790 TI - Silver nitrate ophthalmic solution and chemical conjunctivities. AB - The current status of nursery routines of prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum were surveyed by mail questionnaire to 100 leading maternity hospitals. More than 20% of the respondents were not using silver nitrate, mainly because of chemical conjunctivitis. The clinical significance and incidence of chemical conjunctivitis were studied in 1,000 newborns whose eyes were handled differently. Rinsing after instillation of silver nitrate does not reduce the conjunctival irritation. Although 90% of the infants had conjunctivitis in the first hours of life, the majority cleared within 24 hours. Chemical conjunctivitis did not increase secondary infection, neither did it mask bacterial infection. Silver nitrate is effective in vitro against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration of 0.1% and against Escherichia coli in a concentration of 0.01%. PMID- 808791 TI - Reliability of the Booth-Nadler technique for the detection of Hunter heterozygotes. AB - Skin fibroblasts from three obligated and one potential heterozygotes for the Hunter gene displayed abnormal metabolism of glycosaminoglycans four to six weeks after rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen. The technique seems to be useful for the identification of Hunter carriers, especially when the degradation of 35SO4 labeled, intracellular glycosaminoglycans, rather than the uptake of 35SO4, is measured. PMID- 808792 TI - Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines. AB - Organochlorine residue levels in eggs of Alaskan peregrines have remained essentially constant over the period 1969-73 despite decreased usage of these compounds in the United States and Canada. Studies on reproductive success in Great Britain and data on eggshell-thinning suggest that DDE residues above 20 ppm wet weight in peregrine eggs are associated with inability to maintain population levels. Residues in mainland Alaska are well above this critical figure and the reproductive rate is low. On the Colville River in northwestern Alaska, the last young falcons will fledge in 1975 and the remaining adult population will disappear by 1980 unless the present rate of reproductive failure is drastically and quickly reversed. In the Aleutians, however, levels range from 5 to 7 ppm and the reproductive rate is adequate to maintain the population. PMID- 808793 TI - Comparison between two methods of subsampling blubber of northern fur seals for total DDT plus PCB's. AB - Samples of 100 g blubber were collected from each of twelve 8- to 13-year-old fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) taken off the coast of Washington State in March 1972. Two methods of subsampling the blubber were compared. The mean level of total DDT (DDE, DDD, and DDT) plus polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) from a 5-g chunk of blubber taken from a 100-g sample was significantly less than the mean level from a 5-g subsample taken from the remainder of the blubber sample after it had been thoroughly ground. Total DDT plus PCB residues ranged from 5.66 to 72.17 ppm, with a mean of 23.69 ppm in the chunks, and from 5.33 to 95.70 ppm, with a mean of 28.64 ppm in the homogenized blubber. PMID- 808794 TI - Electrical properties of amphibian urinary bladder epithelia. I. Inverse relationship between potential difference and resistance in tightly mounted preparations. AB - In an attempt to find a high-resistance epithelium suitable for microelectrode work, we have studied the electrical properties of Necturus and Amphiuma urinary bladders in comparison to toad bladder. Improved mounting techniques were developed, which yield better reproducible degrees of distension and prevent electrical leaks around the edge of the preparation in the Ussing chamber. Transepithelial potential difference and resistance was measured with NaCl Ringer's on either surface of the epithelium, as well as under conditions of ion substitutions and in the presence of amiloride. Compared to data from conventionally mounted toad bladders reported in the literature, our experiments yielded higher potential differences and resistances in all three species. In Necturus values of up to 175 mV and 75 komega cm2 were recorded. Furthermore an inverse relationship was observed between potential difference and resistance, which was not noticed previously with the conventional mounting technique. The relationship is discussed quantitatively in terms of the two-membrane model of active Na+ transport, for which it provides further supportive evidence. PMID- 808795 TI - [Residues of organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in some Norweigian foods (author's transl)]. AB - Oats, barley, wheat and rye, meat from sheep, pork, beef and chicken/broiler, boullion, margarine and cod roe were analysed by gas liquid chromatography for chlorimated insecticides and PCBs. Residues of PCBs, lindane, DDT and metabolites were found in only a few of the samples. Traces of dieldrin were observed in grain. Lidan was found in grain with the highest single value of 0.013 ppm and with the mean value of 0.008 ppm. DDT residues were found in 37 percent of all samples and the highest concentration were in chicken/broiler with mean value of 0.02 ppm. The values are calculated on wet weight basis. PMID- 808797 TI - [Letter: Test with TRH in latent hypothyroidism]. PMID- 808798 TI - Disinfection of baths and bathwater. PMID- 808796 TI - [Primary bacterial aneurysm of the aorta. 4 cases]. AB - The causal agent was a Salmonella in three cases and a Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in one case. In these four patients there was no evidence of endocardities and the causal germ was verified by the bacteriological cultures of the anevrysmal lesions and/or by the blood cultures. In one patient full recovery was obtained by surgical repair after complete bacteriologic cure. PMID- 808799 TI - [Changes in free and total thyroxine in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 808800 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis]. PMID- 808801 TI - Gram-negative pneumonia in hospitalized patients. PMID- 808802 TI - Atypical mycobacteria: a factor to consider in lung disease. PMID- 808803 TI - Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls on vitamin E and selenium nutrition in the chick. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on vitamin E-selenium nutrition in the chick. Results showed that 10 p.p.m. Aroclor? 1254 in the diets of breeding S.C.W.L. hens increased the susceptibility of progency to vitamin E-selenium deficiency when those chicks were reared on a diet deficient in vitamin E and supplemented with a marginal level of selenium. Susceptibility to this deficiency, as measured by the incidence of exudative diathesis, was also increased when PCBs were added to chick diets. Dietary PCBs were shown to induce hepatic microsomal benzopyrene hydroxylase and induction of this activity was associated with decreased biological utilization of dietary selenium. PCBs were shown to increase the apparent requirements of the chick for vitamin E and selenium for prevention of exudative diathesis. However, discrimination between effects on vitamin E function and effects on selenium function was not possible in these experiments. PMID- 808804 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl-stimulated selenium deficiency in the chick. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine individually the effects of dietary PCBs on the physiologic functions of vitamin E and selenium. Results showed that dietary PCBs did not affect the function of vitamin E in protection of biological membranes. However, PCBs did decrease the biological utilization of dietary selenium as measured by glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and by the protection of biological membranes from peroxidation. These results indicate that dietary PCBs potentiate vitamin E-selenium deficiency in the chick by interference with the biological utilization of dietary selenium. An hypothesis for the mechanism of this effect is offered. PMID- 808805 TI - [Use of the aggregate-hemagglutination test and other methods for the XX diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia by the negative direct Coombs' test]. PMID- 808806 TI - [Cytokinins in microorganisms]. PMID- 808807 TI - The effect of early surgical excision and homografting on survival of burned rats and of intraperitoneally-infected burned rats. AB - The effects of early and delayed surgical excision and skin homografting on survival in burned, uninfected rats and in burned rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intraperitoneally, has been studied. The survival rate in animals treated with surgical excision and no coverage was significantly worse than in the animals who were simply burned. Immediate excision of the burn wound followed by prompt coverage with skin homografts resulted in decrease in the mortality rate from subsequent intraperitoneal infection of Pseudomonas. The beneficial effects of early surgical excisions and immediate skin homograft coverage were also achieved when formalin-fixed skin homografts were used. PMID- 808808 TI - [Changes in the incidence of microscopically positive findings along with negative culture of M. tuberculosis in patients treated with rifampicin]. PMID- 808810 TI - Cardiac responses associated with "yoked-chair" shock avoidance in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 808809 TI - [Long-term use of disodium chromoglycate (Intal) in the treatment of asthma in children]. PMID- 808811 TI - Menstrual cycle and ovarian hormone effects on plasma and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities in the rhesus monkey. AB - Dopamine-B-hydroxylase (DBH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in plasma and platelets were studied in six female rhesus monkeys during three complete menstrual cycles. The same monoamine enzymes of seven bilaterally ovariectomized females were compared with a group of controls. A difference was found in platelet MAO between a mid-menstrual-cycle peak and a perimenstrual trough in these animals, while plasma MAO was unchanged. DBH showed an inverted cyclical variation to that demonstrated by platelet MAO. The ovariectomized females showed significant differences from the controls, confirming the effects of the ovarian sex steroid hormones on platelet MAO and plasma DBH. The variation in these peripheral enzymes may be reflective of changes in brain monoamine systems, which may play some role in the behavioral changes observed during the menstrual cycle in primates. PMID- 808812 TI - The federal initiative in rural health. PMID- 808813 TI - Rural health care--is prepayment a solution? PMID- 808814 TI - Appalachia, testing ground for innovations. PMID- 808815 TI - WAMI, a decentralized medical education program in Washington Alaska, Montana, and Idaho. PMID- 808816 TI - Changes in number and location of health practitioners in a 20-county rural area of Missouri. PMID- 808817 TI - Multiple variable motivators involved in the recruitment of physicians for the Indian Health Service. AB - Attracting physicians to serve in isolated areas, often with marginal facilities, support staff, and remuneration, has long been a problem of the Indian Health Service (IHS). Until recently the physician draft was instrumental in motivating physicians to accept such assignments. Realizing that this "negative incentive" would no longer operate when the draft ended as of July 1, 1973, in the fall of 1972 the IHS staff launched some major "positive" efforts to recruit physicians. The mass media and other communication techniques were used to try to sell U.S. physicians and medical students on what the Service could offer them in terms of adventure, challenge, personal fulfillment, idealism, and the opportunity to be part of a progressive, comprehensive health system. Such efforts assisted in recruiting 69 physicians to begin service in July 1973. These 69 were in addition to approximately 100 who had already been recruited from among persons who had expressed interest in joining the Indian Health Service or who had applied to it before inception of this major recruitment effort. As of July 1, 1973, however, the Service was still approximately 30 physicians short of filling 200 vacancies. In June and July of 1973, an evaluation was done to determine what had motivated the 169 physicians to join the Indian Health Service. They were asked an open ended question: What prompted you to seek employment with the Indian Health Service? Whether physicians listed personal, subjective motivators or recruitment techniques was of as much interest as the specific answers they gave. More than 75 percent (100 of 129) mentioned recruitment techniques, such as magazine advertisements, rather than personal motivating factors, such as challenge. Personal contact with a present or former IHS physician seemed to be especially influential in attracting physicians. The present state of the recruitment art does not provide the means to adequately identify, qualify, quantify, and rank the multiple motivators that prompt physicians to join a program such as that of the Indian Health Service; nor does it allow for meaningful, predetermined identification of a limited pool of physicians who would have a high probability of joining such a program. At present, the best recruitment strategy appears to be to saturate the entire physician "marketplace" stressing with a variety of techniques the positive aspects of IHS employment. Physicians then select themselves for such employment by exhibiting a more than casual interest in the Indian Health Service. PMID- 808818 TI - Interdisciplinary education for health science students in the rural home health agency. Kentucky January. PMID- 808820 TI - Cooperative Extension Service's potential to meet the needs in rural health education and in rural institutional development. PMID- 808819 TI - The United Farm Workers clinic in Delano, Calif.: a study of the rural poor. AB - Data on the utilization of services and morbidity were obtained for 1972 from the Rodrigo Terronez Memorial Clinic in Delano, Calif., a health care facility operated without government funds, which was established to serve the rural poor, specifically farmworkers and their dependents. There were 23,141 patient visits in the study year. The average number of physician visits per patient 3.4; 65 percent of the visits were by appointment, 9 percent were after hours, and 1 percent resulted in hospitalization. Only 0.2 percent constituted true emergencies. Ninety-nine percent of the prescriptions written at the clinic were from a 190-item drug formulary developed by the staff physicians. The data on the clinic are roughly comparable with those from other urban rural comprehensive health centers. The Terronez Clinic, however, differed significantly from most of these other centers in its orientation. It served as an organizing tool for a labor union trying to mobilize agricultural workers in the area so they would act together to improve their living conditions. PMID- 808821 TI - Use of mobile unit to provide health care for preschoolers in rural King County, Washington. PMID- 808822 TI - Lake County, Michigan. A profile of rural poverty, public health, and a plan that failed. PMID- 808823 TI - Incorporation of a preventive dentistry program in a Home Start program. PMID- 808824 TI - Streptococcal sore throat followup program in a hospital clinic, New York City. AB - To improve followup and treatment of patients with streptococcal sore throat at St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center, New York City, a simple and inexpensive method was devised for recalling and treating untreated patients with positive throat cultures and culturing household contacts. The program was conducted by a clinic nurse and a secretary, with only occasional assistance from a physician. All services were free for those without Medicaid coverage. The secretary sent notification letters to all patients with positive cultures urging them to return for treatment and emphasizing the need for their contacts to come for screening. The secretary, trained in the throat culturing technique, also performed the laboratory work on the cultures from contacts. The clinic nurse swabbed the throats of all contacts and administered treatment, according to a standing-order protocol, to all with culture-proved streptococcal sore throat. A comparison of initially untreated patients with positive cultures seen 3 months before and 6 months after the program was started revealed that 46 percent returned for treatment after the notification letter was sent; before the program only 21 percent returned for treatment. No attempt had been made to reach household contacts before the program began. The rate of streptococcal sore throat in contacts was 14 percent, and in the clinic patients it was 11 percent during the first 6 months of the program. PMID- 808825 TI - Public Health Reports, June 26, 1914. The etiology of pellagra. The significance of certain epidemiological observations with respect thereto. PMID- 808826 TI - X-ray induced inactivation of the capacity for photosynthetic oxygen evolution and nitrate reduction in blue-green algae. PMID- 808827 TI - Abnormal radionuclide cerebral angiograms and scans due to seizures. AB - The effect of recent seizures on the brain scan was determined in a retrospective study of patients who had had seizures. All patients who underwent brain scanning within eight days of seizures and who did not have a specific intracranial lesion were included. The 99mTc-pertechnetate cerebral angiogram and/or delayed scan was abnormal in 73% of 22 patients. The data suggest that if seizures occur within six days of the brain imaging, the image is likely to be abnormal. PMID- 808828 TI - Bladder cancer: results of radiation therapy in 384 patients. AB - Between 1957 and 1972, 384 patients with bladder cancers were treated initially with megavoltage radiation therapy. Actuarial five-year survival ranged from 35 to 42% for Stages A and B1 tumors, and was 35, 22 and 7%, respectively, for Stages B2, C and D carcinomas. Approximately 30-40% of deeply invasive tumors confined to the bladder can be controlled with radiation therapy alone, directed solely to the bladder itself. PMID- 808829 TI - Radiobiological properties of high-energy cyclotron-produced neutrons used for radiotherapy. AB - Radiobiological properties of high-energy cyclotron-produced neutrons were investigated. The survival curve for mammalian cells exposed to 35 MeV neutrons has an appreciable shoulder, but exhibits a significant initial slope at low doses. split-dose experiments, using doses comparable to the daily fractions of neutron therapy, indicate no repair of sublethal damage. The nitroimidazoles, and particularly Flagyl, have been shown to selectively sensitize hypoxic cells to the effects of x-rays. Experiments demonstrated that Flagyl is equally effective in reducing the oxygen enhancement ratio for high-energy neutrons. Hypoxic sensitizers must by regarded as an adjunct to neutron therapy, rather than as a competitor. PMID- 808830 TI - Acute and late effects of 16- and 50-MeVd leads to Be neutrons on the oral mucosa of rhesus monkeys. AB - Twenty-five rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to one of five treatment schedules: 1. control group, no irradiation, 2. 60Co five times weekly, 3. 60Co twice weekly, 4. 16-MeVd leads to Be neutrons twice weekly, and 5. 50-MeVd leads to Be neutrons twice weekly. Although the acute reactions were similar in the four irradiated groups, the late sequelae were more severe in the animals irradiated twice weekly with 60Co or neutrons. All of the animals irradiated with 60Co twice weekly or with 16 MeVd leads to Be neutrons exhibited oromucosal necrosis, whereas none of those irradiated five times weekly with 60Co did. The difference in the effect of photon fractionation on early and late radiation sequelae may be related to different patterns of redistribution of surviving cells through the division cycle in tissues responsible for early and late damage. PMID- 808831 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the right and left ventricles. AB - An asymptomatic congenital cardiac diverticulum was seen on a routine chest film in a 45-year-old man. Right atrial and left ventricular cineangiography showed that the diverticulum communicated independently with both ventricles. There was no evidence of heart failure, arrhythmia, or mural thrombus, and surgery was not deemed necessary. PMID- 808832 TI - Calvarial-scalp compensator for radiotherapy. AB - A universal compensator for megavoltage cobalt-60 radiotherapy of the skull was constructed and applied to clinical radiotherapy use. This compensator allows the skull to be treated with a more uniform dose. PMID- 808833 TI - Cranial computed tomography: An evaluation of cost effectiveness. AB - The impact of cranial computed tomography (CCT) on the cost effectiveness of a neurodiagnostic work-up was evaluated. With the use of CCT, 170 air studies and 171 angiographic procedures were made unnecessary in the 444 patients reviewed. Admission was not necessary in 58% of the outpatients examined and the hospital stay was shortened significantly for inpatients. Even considering the cost of the examination and the few extra investigations generated, a single CCT unit can effect savings of up to $2,000,000 per year. PMID- 808834 TI - Periovulatory changes in ovarian prostaglandin formation and their hormonal control in the rat. AB - The concentration of prostaglandins of the E-group (PGE) and F-group (PGF) and the activity of prostaglandin-synthetase in rat ovaries increased on the evening of the day of proestrus and reached a peak at 5.00 h on the following morning, i.e. about the time of ovulation. Enzyme activity and PG concentrations receded to basal levels by 10.00 h on the day of estrus. These changes were prevented when the proestrous gonadotropin surge was blocked by administration of nembutal, and could be restored by administration of either LH or of FSH freed of LH contamination. The spontaneous preovulatory rise in prostaglandin concentration was about 6-fold for PGF and 30-fold for PGE, compared with values observed during the remainder of the cycle, whichas the rise in prostaglandin synthetase activity was only about 1.7-fold. The LH effect on PG accumulation had a latency of 2-4 h, which argues for enzyme synthesis rather than activation of preformed enzyme as the mechanism responsible. The small magnitude of the change in enzymic activity suggests that LH may, in addition, augment the availability of PG precursors. The results are compatible with the concept that prostaglandins play a physiological role in the gonadotropin-induced process of follicular rupture. PMID- 808835 TI - Are prostaglandins intracellular, transcellular or extracellular autocoids? PMID- 808836 TI - [Case of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Anderson-Fabry's disease)]. PMID- 808837 TI - Activatory action of trypsin on epidermis dopa-oxidase. AB - Trypsin activated the Dopa-oxidase enzyme of frog epidermis, while carboxypeptidase "a" achieved only 50% of this activation. The enzyme can be activated by passing it through a column of insoluble trypsin coupled to Sepharose. Some properties of inactive and active dopa-oxidase are compared: a) Apparent molecular weight and Stokes radius of active enzyme are higher than those of the inactive one. b) The entropy change for denaturation of inactive enzyme is about 108 cal times mol-1 times degrees K-1; while the value is only - 3.6 cal times mol-1 times degrees K-1 for the active enzyme. It is hypothesized that the activatory process consists of a tryptic rupture accompanied by a spatial unfolding of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 808838 TI - Metabolic studies with 65Zn. X. Biosynthesis of alkaline phosphatase in cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - Alkaline phosphatase from Pseudomonas fluorescens has been partially purified. Labelled 65ZnCl2 in the culture medium is incorporated in the most purified preparations. The enzyme shows a pH optimum of 7.2-7.5 and a Km value for p nitrophenyl phosphate of 1 times 10(-4). Zinc ions at high concentration inhibit enzyme activity. The protective effect of Mg on the inactivation of alkaline phosphatase by heat is also reported. PMID- 808839 TI - [Concentrating ability of the gallbladder: a comparative study in some vertebrate species (author's transl)]. AB - The bile salts, chloride, sodium, potassium and nitrogen content of the gallbladder bile was studied in goat, sheep, cattle, pig, rabbit, dog, monkey (Erythrocebus patas), chicken, lizard (Lacerta ocellata), frog (Rana esculenta), trout (Salmo gardnieri) and barbel (Barbus barbus). A significant correlation was found between bile salts and sodium (positive), chloride and sodium (negative) and chloride and bile salts (negative). The gallbladder concentrating ability was very high in monkey, lizard and trout high in dog, barbel, frog and chicken, and low in cattle, rabbit, pig and sheep. The goat was half way between the second and third groups. It seems that concentrating ability is greater in animals whose gastric emptying is intermittent, and is lower in those animals with a continuous digestive activity. PMID- 808840 TI - The comparative metabolism of zolazepam in rat, dog and monkey. AB - The metabolic disposition.of zolazepam, a pyrazolodiazepinone, was studied in male and female Spartan rats, Beagle dogs and Rhesus monkeys. Six principal urinary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major metabolite in male and female rats was produced by N-demethylation and hydroxylation. In addition, female rats, but not the male demethylated zolazepam at the 1-position. Male and female dogs also demethylated zolazepam in the 1-position and hydroxylated in a position other than C-6, producing a metabolite peculiar to the dog. In marked contrast, the major metabolite in the monkey involved demethylation without subsequent hydroxylation. PMID- 808841 TI - [Heterotopic ossification in cancer of the stomach. An experimental contribution to a clinical phenomenon (author's transl)]. AB - Heterotopic ossifications are found frequently in rats with nitrosoguanidine induced carcinomas of the gastric stump. The following steps of differentiation of the desmal ossification in the stump carcinomas are demonstrated: 1. Osteoblasts. 2. Osteoid. 3. Woven Bone reticular network. 4. Lamellar bone. The islands of metaplastic bone cells are predominantly located in the invasive marginal area of the carcinoma of the gastric stump. The histology is similar to that one seen in stomach cancer of men. Therefore, the here described model seems to be suitable for further study of the metaplastic bone formation in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 808842 TI - [Analysis of proteins in clinical medicine: specific immunological assays using nephelometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 808843 TI - [Temperature regulation and febrile reaction]. PMID- 808844 TI - [Intravenous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 808846 TI - [Compulsive movements and jumping behavior. A contribution to the classification of stereotyped behavior]. PMID- 808845 TI - [Corticoids and inflammation]. PMID- 808847 TI - Presence or absence of plaque on subgingival restorations. AB - One hundred and eight extracted teeth with restorations placed below the gingival margin were stained and examined under the stereomicroscope with the aim of scoring presence or absence of subgingival plaque. Individual observations showed that a subgingival restoration can be completely covered with plaque in as short a time as 6 weeks and it can be free of plaque for as long as 2 years. In the material as a whole about 9 out of 10 of the restorations were covered with plaque subgingivally. Since the material is selected, these proportions cannot be claimed to be valid for the population as a whole, but the observations suggest that plaque sooner or later will accumulate on most if not all subgingival restorations. Rough surfaces and or inadequate marginal adaptation are likely to facilitate a more rapid adherence of bacteria to the restorations than to the smooth tooth surface. It is concluded that restorations placed below the gingival margin indirectly are stongly involved in the etiology of destructive periodontal disease and the cause of many extractions. PMID- 808848 TI - [Absences and absence-like crises]. AB - Under the same clinical picture the "absence" may group various forms of epileptic and non-epileptic disease entities, each having a different pathogenesis and a different EEG correlate. The investigative procedures, therapy and prognosis are likewise non-uniform. This suggests the need for a nomenclatorial division for these different nosological units and their classification into typical and atypical absences, absence-like partial (focal) fits, and paroxysmal nonepileptic disturbances of consciousness. PMID- 808849 TI - [Prevention of infection in patients with agranulocytosis through isolation and whole-body decontamination]. AB - During induction chemotherapy 21 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and agranulocytosis were prophylactically isolated either in reverse isolation (group A) or in sterile plastic-tent isolators with laminar air flow (Life Islands, group B). Patients of group B also received whole-body decontamination and sterile food. Life threatening septicemias were seen only in patients in reverse isolation. Granulocyte transfusions were highly successful in reducing infection related mortality in group A. Seven additional patients with agranulocytosis of varying origin (group C) were protected in the Life Islands as effectively as the patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 808851 TI - Bone scanning: the current position. PMID- 808850 TI - Pharmacological studies of a contraceptive drug anordrin. AB - A new oral contraceptive--Anordrin has been discovered. It is an A-Nor-steroid with some estrogenic activity and possessing a significant anti-fertility activity in mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters and dogs. In rats, AF-53, administrated repeatedly, led to sterility but did not alter mating behaviour, and the fertility of the animals recovered soon after cessation of the medication. In sub minimal antifertility doses it has no teratogenic effect. Acute and chronic toxicity tests in animals showed that this drug did not cause any apparent abnormality in the blood picture, liver and renal functions, as well as in the histological examinations of organs. Experiments with 14C-labelled Anordrin showed that this drug could be absorbed rapidly but not completely in the gastrointestinal tract. The peak blood level was usually attained at 9 hours after administration. The drug excreted in the urine reached a maximum in 10--12 hours. Higher radio-activity was found in bile and gastrointestinal tract and was also excreted in large amounts in the feces. In clinical trials it is administrated only once post-coitally. The time for taking the drug is not limited by the menstrual cycle and it is unnecessary to be taken successively. Thus Anordrin is a convenient, safe and effective oral contraceptive drug. PMID- 808852 TI - Proceedings: Plasmapheresis in rhesus disease. PMID- 808853 TI - Environmental and food contamination with PCB's in Japan. AB - In Japan "yusho", i.e., poisoning caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with PCB's, broke out in October 1968, and produced more than 1200 officially certified cases. Nevertheless, it was only regarded as a kind of food poisoning and its connection with environmental and biological contamination was only imperfectly taken into consideration. Finally, in the autumn of 1970, two study groups, from the Ehime University and the Kyoto City Hygienic Institute, reported on the PCB contamination of salt water and fresh water fishes in Japan. Subsequently many reports about PCB's as an environmental contaminant have been published by several study groups throughout Japan, and nowadays the PCB polluted state of Japan has become rather clearly recognized. This report will present information on environmental, food and human contamination with PCB's in Japan especially also in some typically contaminated local areas, in addition to summarizing some overall aspects of the PCB problem in Japan (e.g., the production, shipment and use of PCB's). PMID- 808854 TI - Chemotaxis away from uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In a capillary assay, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibitors of electron transport are repellents for Bacillus subtilis. They also cause transient tumbling in naturally smooth swimming strains. Tumbling strains can be made to swim smoothly by addition of attractant and then immediately returned to tumbling by subsequent addition of repellent. Arsenate does not cause transient tumbling, suggesting that decrease in concentration of adenosine triphosphate does not cause tumbling and that adenosine triphosphate concentration does not govern tumbling frequency. Instead, the evidence suggests that diminution of the energized state of the membrane, or membrane potential, causes tumbling although the level of the energized state itself does not govern tumbling frequency. PMID- 808855 TI - Incisor size and diet in anthropoids with special reference to Cercopithecidae. AB - In 57 species of anthropoids relative size of incisors in highly correlated with diet. Anthropoids that feed primarily on large food objects (large fruits) have larger incisors than those that feed on smaller food objects (berries or leaves). This difference reflects a need for more extensive incisal preparation of larger food objects before mastication. Extensive incisal preparation causes increased tooth wear, therefore, enlarged incisors are probably an adaptive response to increase their wear potential. PMID- 808856 TI - [Current drug sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Study of 100 strains in the Paris area]. PMID- 808857 TI - Hirschsprung's disease associated with anasarca and hypoproteinemia. PMID- 808858 TI - Thyroid hormone in the treatment of depression. PMID- 808859 TI - Polypoid lesions of the acalculous gallbladder. AB - The controversy about gallbladder polyps has centered chiefly around their potential for malignancy. Among 3,525 cholecystectomies done over a 25-year period, there were 26 cases of carcinoma with only 9% not associated with stones. Thirty-nine cases of polypoid lesions of the acalculous gallbladder were investigated. The classic symptoms of pain, flatulence, food intolerance, and nausea were present in the great majority of cases. Most patients, especially those with symptoms of short duration, reported improvement following cholecystectomy. PMID- 808860 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of gonorrhea: comparison with standard treatment schedules. AB - Several treatment regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) were compared to the USPHS-recommended schedules for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with ampicillin plus probenecid, tetracycline, or aqueous procaine penicillin G in both men and women. TMP-SMZ, six tablets as a single oral dose daily for 3 days, was as effective as the ampicillin or tetracycline schedules. The drug was well tolerated. PMID- 808861 TI - Total intravenous alimentation in pediatric patients. PMID- 808863 TI - A historical basis for modern concepts of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. AB - Theories of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis accepted by clinicians in this field, receive no mention or little emphasis in textbooks of pathology. These are: the systemic character of the disease from the initial infection; the role of tissue allergy; the subclinical, benign and lifelong character of most tuberculosis infections, yet liable to an endogenous activation by the influence of stress. These concepts go far back in history, and reference is made to Bayle (1816), Koch (1891), Calmette and Guerin (1906), Von Pirquet (1907) and Ghon (1912). The origin of the pulmonary apical lesion was controversial in the 1920s. Assmann formulated a theory of reinfection, which is opposed to Simon's theory of primary origin, which is gaining acceptance today. Histological studies of early lesions by Vorwald show their haematogenous origin and Sweany's work on late lesions emphasises the instability of tubercle at any age of the lesion. Krauses's survey of the pathogenesis anticipates the modern concept of tuberculosis as being mainly a condition of stress. PMID- 808862 TI - [Binding of thyroxine with blood serum proteins in obesity]. PMID- 808864 TI - Serum immunoglobin E concentrations of allergic patients and blood donors. Influence of allergy, sex and race on IgE values. AB - Serum IgE concentrations were measured in allergic subjects attending the Allergy Clinic at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. White and Cape Coloured clinic subjects had serum IgE concentrations which were significantly higher than those found in comparable groups of either non-allergic blood donors or blood donors with symptoms of allergy; in Blacks these differences were not apparent. Although serum IgE concentrations in clinic subjects tended to increase in the order White -- Cape Coloureds -- Blacks, these racial differences were not as pronounced as in blood donors. Also, olinic subjects showed no sex difference in serum IgE concentrations. PMID- 808865 TI - Blood sugar in infantile gastro-enteritis. AB - A survey of blood sugar levels in 868 infants with dehydration from gastro enteritis is presented. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 to 35 months. In 7,9% of cases, blood sugar levels were 0 -50 mg/100 ml and in 10,2% they were over 200 mg/100 ml. Hypoglycaemia was more common in malnutrition, and a high mortality rate was found in patients with hypo- and hyperglycaemia. Hypothermia was associated with abnormal blood sugar levels. No correlation was found between blood sugar and serum sodium. Aetiology and treatment are briefly reviewed. PMID- 808866 TI - Psychiatric services for the aged. AB - The problem of the care of the psychiatrically ill aged is large, and will increase. A comprehensive psychiatric service for the aged should cater for various types of patients, and should be conceptualised in terms of a whole community. It involves, in the first place, a sorting operation - patients who need purely residential care and medical treatment must be separated from those who require special psychiatric services. The setting up of a psychogeriatric assessment unit is a priority, followed by the provision of facilities to meet the needs of special patients. These include a small day hospital, beds for inpatients and a community service. The latter is central to any organisation of psychogeriatric services. The provision of new services should grow in association with and, perhaps, out of, existing facilities, and should aim at providing a comprehensive scheme. PMID- 808867 TI - Identification of yeast phase of pathogenic fungi by the specificity of their aminopeptidase(s). AB - Specificity of aminopeptidase(s) was fluorimetrically determined in the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum, H. duboisii, H. farciminosum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Candida albicans and Crytococcus neoformans. After individually incubating each of 26 amino acid-beta naphthylamides with each yeast, the amount of each amino acid-beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzed was determined by measuring the free naphythylamine. This resulted in a reproducible profile of the aminopeptidase(s) for each fungus when medium, growth time, size of inoculum and incubation period were standardized. This technique provided a rapid and specific means of identification and differentiation among these yeasts. Specific amino acids were identified from the profile of each yeast as those rapidly liberated by the aminopeptidase(s) of that yeast. These amino acids delineated the amino acid requirement for the normal growth of each yeast. PMID- 808869 TI - Surgical treatment of cervical esophagostomy. PMID- 808868 TI - An amino acid liquid synthetic medium for the development of mycelial and yeast forms of Candida Albicans. AB - A chemically defined medium composed of 6 amino acids, biotin, inorganic salts and glucose for the growth of yeast and mycelial phases of Candida albicans at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees of C respectively was developed based on the aminopeptidase(s) profile of the fungus. This medium has proved successful in maintaining the growth characteristics of both phases during serial transfers. The relative pathogenicity, virulence, invasiveness and immunogenicity of the yeast and mycelial phases are discussed. PMID- 808870 TI - Wound cleansing by high pressure irrigation. AB - All traumatic wounds are contaminated to some degree by both soil and bacteria. Specific infection potentiating factors in soil impair the defenses of the tissue and invite infection. These factors are small in size and resist removal by low pressure irrigation. The efficiency of wound irrigation is markedly improved by delivering the irrigant to the wound under continuous high pressure. Irrigation of the wound with saline solution delivered at 15 pounds per square inch removed 84.8 per cent of the soil infection potentiating factors from the wound. The residual infection potentiating factors remaining in the wound did not significantly impair tissue defenses. On the basis of these experimental studies, clinical studies are now being initiated to test the therapeutic value of high pressure irrigation in traumatic wounds in humans. PMID- 808871 TI - The influence of parenteral nutrition on the course of acute renal failure. AB - The influence of hypertonic glucose with and without added amino acids was studied in 129 consecutive postoperative patients with acute renal failure. The addition of amino acids was associated with lower mortality and morbidity rates in the patients who received dialysis as well as in those who did not. There was no significant differences in the blood urea nitrogen levels of the two groups. The incidence of hyperkalemia and the rise in plasma osmolality were less in the group given adequate calories and amino acids. PMID- 808872 TI - Anterior chamber cleavage syndrome. A stepladder classification. AB - This paper classifies the abnormalities of the anterior chamber cleavage syndrome (mesodermal dysgenesis of the iris and cornea). The anatomic findings are arranged in a tabular stepladder fashion which builds from simple to more complex combinations, most of which have been previously known by eponyms. There are three groups of anomalies: 1) peripheral, 2) central, and 3) combinations of the two. 1) The peripheral anomalies consist of a prominent Schwalbe's ring, iris strands to Schwalbe's ring, and hypoplasia of the anterior iris stroma. Developmental glaucoma is commonly present. 2) The essential feature of the central anomalies is a defect in the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane with an overlying corneal opacity. Additional components include central iridocorneal adhesions, keratolenticular approximation with cataract, and scleralizaiton of the cornea. Chorioretinal anomalies, developmental glaucoma, and systemic malformations may be present. 3) Central and peripheral combinations may exist in the same eye, in both eyes of the same patient, or within the same family. PMID- 808873 TI - Aspergillosis of the orbit with immunosuppressive therapy. AB - A case report of aspergillosis of the orbit in a 27-year-old renal transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy is presented. The predominant clinical features were slowly progressive, painful exophthalmos and fever of undetermined origin. Orbital biopsy established the diagnosis. The histopathologic characteristics of the infectious process changed from the time of biopsy to the time of autopsy, reflecting the patient's changing immunologic status. PMID- 808874 TI - [Drugs for petit mal]. PMID- 808876 TI - [Lactic acidosis treated with glucose and insulin]. PMID- 808875 TI - [Effect of sulpiride on the nalorphine withdrawal symptoms in the macaca]. PMID- 808877 TI - [Treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis with continous intravenous infusion of low doses of insulin]. PMID- 808878 TI - [Mastitis and Streptococci of the L group. (author's transl)]. PMID- 808879 TI - [Current status of treatment of gall stones with chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 808880 TI - Ligandin. PMID- 808881 TI - Parathion administration in the monkey: time course of inhibition and recovery of blood cholinesterases and visual discrimination performance. PMID- 808882 TI - Isomerically pure chlorobiphenyl congeners and hepatic function in the rat: influence of position and degree of chlorination. PMID- 808883 TI - The immunosuppressive properties of a sulphonamide analogue of L-asparagine. PMID- 808884 TI - Passive transfer of coccidian oocyst antigen and diphtheria toxoid hypersensitivity in calves across species barriers. PMID- 808885 TI - Survey on experiences with latex-Chagas-test in various countries. AB - The principle of the latex agglutination technique was applied on the serodiagnosis of Chagas' disease. The latex particles coated with antigen from Trypanosoma cruzi are agglutinated by antibodies against T. cruzi in the serum of patients suffering thereof. In 11600 comparative determinations worked out mainly in a number of South American laboratories, the sensitivity of this test was compared with xenodiagnosis, CF, IFT and IHA. The latex Chagas test shows a mean coincidence of 90% with xenodiagnosis, 88% with CF, 75% with IFT, and 83% with IHA. The results indicate that the test is a useful new tool for the serodiagnosis of Chagas' disease. Also the data from CF, IFT and IHA were compared with each other. The latex Chagas test is sensitive even in the early stage of the disease. Also the specificity of the test was evaluated in other parasitic, bacterial and general diseases. PMID- 808886 TI - [An effective immunodepressive treatment for demonstrating in allogeneic mice the tumorigenic properties of cells grown in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Short intensive treatment with N-diazoacetylglycine amide (DGA) before the inoculum, followed by prolonged daily administration of L-asparaginase (Asnase), was tested for its ability to elicit tumorigenic properties of fibroblast-like cells cultured in vitro. With this treatment progressive tumor growth was obtained in allogeneic mice injected with cells of a transformed subline. Results show that combined use of DGA and Asnase affords a higher probability of proving in vivo the tumorigenic properties of injected cells than in newborm or X irradiated recipients. Experimental data indicate that L-asparagine depletion does not inhibit the in vitro growth of fibroblast-like cells. PMID- 808887 TI - Prostate carcinoma: measures to improve therapeutic response and prevent complications. AB - Between 1965 and 1973, 80 patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with definitive supervoltage irradiation; 35 patients received adjuvant estrogens. A favorable tumor response was uniformly observed in patients with less advanced tumors who received a minimum of 6,000 rads tumor dose and adjuvant estrogens. Radiation complications were frequent and severe in patients with locally advanced tumors who had antecedent lower urinary tract surgery and received a minimum of 7,000 rads tumor dose. Complications were less frequent in patients who received adjuvant estrogens, and complications were uncommon and mild in patients who received less than 7,000 rads. PMID- 808888 TI - Carcinoma in situ in urethral diverticulum: pitfalls of marsupialization alone. AB - Carcinoma in situ was found in a urethral diverticulum in a fifty-one-year-old black woman. The discovery of this lesion lends support to the fact that biopsy of the urethral diverticulum should be performed even if a Spence-Duckett procedure is carrier out. PMID- 808889 TI - Pseudodiverticulum of prostatic urethra after retropubic prostatectomy. PMID- 808890 TI - Chronic granuloma of the upper eyelid of a woolly monkey. PMID- 808891 TI - Sore dewlap: Pseudomonas aeruginosa on rabbit fur and skin. PMID- 808892 TI - [Investigations on the ultrastructural pathology of the ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. AB - The ultrastructural pathology of ulcerative colitis was investigated on a group of 37 colitis patients. Among the epithelial changes, the alterations of the microvilli and of the glycocalyx of the surface epithelium are quite evident. These alterations may possibly be understood as a morphological substrate of a partly impaired "mucosa block" of the surface epithelium (IgA- and "secretory piece" deficiency). Hypothetically, this partly impaired "mucosa block" is considered to be an essential pathogenetic moment of ulcerative colitis. The inflammatory infiltrate of the stratum proprium mucosae is characterized in particular by numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The close topographical interrelation of these cells observed here seems to indicate a functional cooperation in the auto-immunological process, as it is discussed here in connection with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 808893 TI - Patho-anatomical features of so-called Ph1- chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Chronic myeloid leukemia without the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1-CML) is described and distinguished from chronic myeloid leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1+CML) on the basis of clinical and autopsy findings of four cases. Ph1-CML showed clinical, hematological, and patho-anatomical features which could be regarded as typical. Patho-anatomically Ph1-CML differed from Ph1+CML in the variable maturation of the leukemic proliferation in the bone marrow and extramedullary infiltrates. Up to the terminal phase Ph1-CML can be of an extremely mature cell type. However, it can also show myeloblastic transformation after an initially mature cell stage. Ph1-CML infiltrates are found in tissues and organs which Ph1+CML usually does not infiltrate or only to a low degree until a blastic crisis. On the basis of its course and clinical and patho anatomical features Ph1-CML looks like an atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. However, it is better called an acute myeloid leukemia of the mature cell type. PMID- 808894 TI - The pathological anatomy of surgically reconstructable or prosthetically correctable congenital valvular malformation of the mitral region. AB - The special pathology of reconstructable or only prosthetically correctable congenital malformations of the mitral valve is described on the basis of the following examples taken from our own operative and autopsy material of the last 5 years: 1. Congenital isolated mitral stenosis in female twins (7 month old infant and 33 month old child). 2. Congenital isolated mitral insufficiency in a 7 1/2 year old boy. 3. Combined mixed mitral valve malformations with a parachute valve-like mitral valve anomaly, combined with hypoplasia of the ascending and descending aortas, in a 6 1/2 year old girl. 4. Congenital mitral insufficiency with a parachute mitral valve, combined with supravalvular aortic stenosis and multiple peripheral stenoses of the pulmonary arteries in a 13 1/4 year old boy. 5. Insufficiency of the mitrally inverted tricuspid valve with so-called corrected transposition of the great vessels in a 6 year old boy and with Ebstein's anomaly in a 2 1/2 year old boy. 6. A second mitral ostium in the aortic mitral leaflet with a partial atrioventricular canal in a 6 3/4 year old girl with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. 7. Bland-White-Garland syndrome with relative mitral insufficiency in a 5 month old and a 4 month old boy. Despite the recurrence of similar and comparable findings, each of our cases of congenital or early acquired noninfectious mitral valve malformation was formally different. n his was also true for the cases of congenital isolated mitral stenosis in twins. Therefore, surgical correction requires a unique procedure for each case. It is possible to reliably infer the degree of malfunction of the atrioventricular valve in a mitral position from the special pathology only by considering the clinical data. On the other hand, a detailed evaluation of congenital mitral valve malformations is possible only through direct inspection--either by the surgeon or through an autopsy--despite modern cardiodiagnostic methods. Typical secondary findings are also discussed--for instance, endocardial fibrosis of the left atrium and the configuration of the heart. The anatomical prerequisites for surgical reconstruction or replacement of the valve with a prosthesis are mentioned. PMID- 808895 TI - A contribution to the knowledge of the so-called pyloric band ("double pylorus"). AB - Two new cases of patients with so called muscular pyloric band ("double pylorus") are reported. Both possible genetic mechanisms of this malformation are discussed in detail: primary or congenital, and secondary or acquired by inflammation. After analysis of the hitherto related cases, the opinion is expressed that the so called pyloric band represents a congenital malformation. According to the authors, the striking frequency of simultaneous occurrence of pyloric band and ulcers does not necessarily favour the theory of inflammatory genesis. The accompanying ulcer seems rather to be a "second disease" in the sense of Rossle (1913), manifesting itself at a locus minoris resistentiae. PMID- 808896 TI - The structure of the human juxtaglomerular apparatus. A morphometric, lightmicroscopic study on serial sections. AB - 49 juxtaglomerular apparatuses were examined using 1.9mu thick Giemsa-stained serial sections from human renal tissue embedded in plexiglass. In 43 juxtaglomerular apparatus the direct contact areas between the different juxtaglomerular structures and the basal area of the macula densa were calculated. A positive, significant correlation was found between the size of the macula densa and the direct contact area between macula densa and Goormaghtigh's cell field on the one hand, and between the macula densa and the direct contact area between Goormaghtigh's cell field and the afferent arteriole on the other. There was also a significant, positive correlation between the direct contact area of Goormaghtigh's cell field with the macula densa and that of Goormaghtigh's cell field with the afferent arteriole. On the efferent side none of these correlations were significant. Thus a "flow of information" from the macula densa via the Goormaghtigh cells to the afferent arteriole is morphologically possible. The direct contact areas between macula densa and the afferent or the efferent arterioles were not correlated with any of the other parameters. Epithelioid cells were present in the interlobular arteries, prior to and within the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the afferent arterioles, as well as within and beyond the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the efferent arterioles. PMID- 808897 TI - [Morphological studies on abnormal human spermatids and spermatozoa (author's transl)]. AB - Malformed spermatids and spermatozoa in the testes, epididymes, and ejaculates of 29 apparently healthy men and in 171 patients suffering from different andrological diseases were investigated with the electron microscope. The following types of malformations are described: 1) Malformations of the acrosome in contact with the nucleus of the spermatid: Vesicular inclusions in the acrosome vesicle, asymmetric thickenings of the acrosome cap, enfolding of the acrosomal lamina into the spermatid's nucleus, partial separation of the acrosome from the nucleus, apical knob-like thickenings of the acrosome. 2) Malformations of the acrosome independent from the spermatid's nucleus: the acrosomal material is contained in small vesicles, large vacuoles, in ring-like structures, in globular or shell-like laminar structures. The nucleus of such spermatids lacks an acrosome. 3) Malformations of the nucleus: inclusions of vesicles or membranes, excessive packages of membranes, gigantic nuclear vacuoles, lack of condensation of the caryoplasm. 4) Multinucleate spermatids: two or more nuclei within the pericaryon of one spermatid are joined by an acrosome. 5) Duplicate acrosome anlagen. 6) Malformations of the tail: disorganization of the axonema, a lack or excessive numbers of tubules and fibres, doublets of the axial filaments, destruction of the neck region, a lack of the mitochondrial sheath, and enlargement of the fibrous sheath. Malformed germ cells were observed to occur in varying amounts both in apparently healthy men and in those who were apparently infertile. This indicates that germ cell malformations are no absolute indicator of male infertility. However, certain distinct types of malformations (such as round-headed spermatozoa) are definitely associated with infertility, but only if all spermatozoa in the ejaculate of a patient have the same defect. PMID- 808898 TI - Late changes of irreversible post-partum renal failure. AB - The clinico-pathological data from a patient with irreversible post-partum renal failure (IPRF) are presented. The electron microscopy of the late changes are described for the first time and consists of: 1. Thickening of the basement membrane. 2. Interposition of mesangial cells and matrix between the thickened basement membrane and the endothelial cell encircling the periphery of the tuft. 3. Multiplication of basal lamina material between mesangial cells and endothelial cells. 4. Proliferation of endothelial cells. All of the above changes tend to obliterate the glomerular tufts and transform the vascular lumina into slit-like spaces. They explain morphologically why most patients with IPRF terminate in chronic renal failure, if they survive the early changes. The late occurring hypertension is regarded as a secondary stimulation of the renin angiotension system caused by partial or complete occlusion of arteries and arterioles. PMID- 808899 TI - [Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural findings in malignant hyperthermia (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but severe complication of modern anesthesia, induced by halothane and succinylcholine. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid sustained and extreme rise in body temperature associated with muscular rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnoea and cyanosis. The lethality is about 60%. The present paper describes the histological, histochemical and electron microscopical findings performed on muscle biopsies of 3 patients with malignant hyperthermia (1 patient died) and a so called risk patient. In all patients morphological findings consistent with a pre-existent myopathy were found. Histologically there were acute necrotic muscular fibers as well as in types I and II, variations in the fiber diameter and centralization of the nuclei. In two cases even fibers that had a normal aspect in HE slides, showed a pathologic pattern after phosphorylase reaction. In addition to acute rhabdomyolysis, electron-microscopic investigations revealed cystic expansion of the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar proliferation of the sarcolemma. In a degenerating mitochondrium, a crystalline inclusion was identified. These findings support the pathogenetic concept of Britt and coworkers of a functional defect in the calcium release or binding mechanism of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Since it is known that malignant hyperthermia has a familial predilection, it seems very important that clinical, biochemical, and morphological investigations be performed such as CPK estimations and muscular biopsies not only of the patients but also of the relatives in order to rule out this type of latent myopathy. PMID- 808900 TI - [Special and functional pathomorphology of parathyroid glands as revealed in non selected autopsies (589 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - 1637 parathyroid gland dissections were performed on 589 unselected autopsy preparations in order to study both pathomorphology and functional aspects in an unselected group of patients. In no case had primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism been suspected clinically; but in about 10 patients on chronic hemodialysis, a secondary hyperplasia of the glands was known. In about 33% of the cases pathological changes were observed: 3 chief cell adenomas, 3 adenomas combined with hyperplasia, 12 primary nodular hyperplasias including 6 microadenomas and 145 cases with secondary regulative hyperplasia. Cysts, purulent parathyroiditis, lipomatous pseudohyperplasia, metastases of carcinomas, hemorrhagic infarctions and amyloidosis were also detected in serial sections of the parathyroid glands. The remarkably large group of secondary hyperplasias (about 20%) was divided into 3 categories according to weight and cytology. The first category (118 cases) was characterized by a lack of the normal age-related involution of the parenchyma and prevalence of light (active) chief cells. Statistical evaluation of the other autopsy findings, histomorphology of the bone in particular, led to the conclusion that this group represented a slightly activated gland with possibly reversible hyperplasia, mostly connected with pathological alterations in the kidney and with minimal changes in bone morphology consistent with hyperparathyroidism. The microadenomas displayed different levels of endocrine activity as demonstrated by bone histology in accordance with the cytology of the adenomas (dark or resting chief cells versus active chief cells and waterclear cells). No specific alterations with respect to endocrine function could be attributed to diffuse and nodular hyperplasia of oxyphil (oncocytic) cells except their increase with age and arteriosclerosis, especially in women. PMID- 808901 TI - [Immunohistochemical characterization of collagen in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence technique, 21 cases of hepatic cirrhosis of differing etiology were studied with type-specific antibodies to collagen type I, II, and III. In all cases the fibrous septa and portal tracts showed an increase in type III collagen. No fluorescence could be observed with antibodies to collagen type I and II. Thus, biochemical studies are supported which show, in addition to type III collagen, a new, as yet undescribed type of collagen in liver cirrhosis that is similar to type I collagen electronmicroscopically, but differs from type I collagen biochemically and immunologically. No correlation between the etiology of cirrhosis and the pattern of different collagen types could be found. The origin of different collagen types in liver cirrhosis is briefly discussed. PMID- 808902 TI - Structural proteins of adenoviruses. XII. Location and neighbor relationship among proteins of adenovirion type 2 as revealed by enzymatic iodination, immunoprecipitation and chemical cross-linking. PMID- 808903 TI - [Discussion on hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 808904 TI - Malnutrition in the African region. PMID- 808906 TI - [Malignant transformation of an abdominal tumor in a case of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 808905 TI - [Mechanisms of correlation of thyroid function with female gonadal function and their clinical significance]. PMID- 808907 TI - Viral hepatitis. Report of a WHO meeting. PMID- 808908 TI - The veterinary contribution to public health practice. PMID- 808909 TI - Advances in methods of fertility regulation: report of a WHO Scientific Group. PMID- 808910 TI - Introduction acute respiratory infections in military personnel. PMID- 808911 TI - Current patterns of acute respiratory disease in the United States Navy and Marine Corps. AB - During 1974 there was an apparent decrease in the reported amount of acute respiratory illness in the Navy and Marine Corps. Streptococcal infections continued to be controlled by the selective use of prophylactic benzathine penicillin in recruit training centers. Influenza immunization limited the impact of that illness, and serogroup C polysaccharide vaccine reduced the amount of meningococcal disease among recruits. Although some of the data are contradictory there are indications that fully potent live adenovirus vaccines lessen the frequency and severity of respiratory illness in recruit populations. Continued epidemiologic study will be required to fill the gaps in our knowledge. PMID- 808912 TI - Acute respiratory disease in the United States Army in the Republic of Vietnam, 1965-1970. AB - Respiratory tract infections represented one of the commonest illnesses that occurred among U.S. Army personnel stationed in the Republic of Vietnam. Between 1965 and 1970 the years of this review, respiratory tract infections ranked approximately equal to diarrheal disease as a cause of hospitalization or assignment to quarters. Rates varied between 20 and 110 per 1000 troops per year. The specific casual agents responsible for acute respiratory diseases in Vietnam were not defined. Limited observations suggest that members of the adenovirus group and respiratory syncytial viruses were involved. During the fall of 1968, influenza due to the A2 Hong Kong strain (H3N2) was widespread, but it was not associated with marked increases in rates of hospitalization or mortality. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most common demonstrable causative agent in soldiers admitted to hospitals with pneumonia, 42% in one series. PMID- 808914 TI - [Investigations on the utilization of parenterally administered amino acids by premature and small-for-dates neonates. I. Free amino acids in the blood of premature and small-for dates neonates (author's transl)]. AB - The fasting levels of free amino acids were determined in the serum of 23 premature and 7 small-for-dates newborns during the first 4 weeks of life. This was done by ion-exchange chromatography after ultrafiltration of the serum, which allowed quantification. Differences were recognized in regards to age, and nutritional state: 1. Small-for-dates newborns at term showed significantly lower asparagine and glycine levels when compared to hypotrophic prematures. 2. Leucine was lower in male than in female prematures. 3. Leucine and phenylalanine were lower in hypotrophic than in eutrophic prematures. 4. Nearly all investigated fasting amino acid levels were highest in the 3rd week of life. A decrease was observed during the 4th week of life. Threonine, Proline, Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine, Lysine and Arginine were significantly higher in the 3rd compared to the 1st week. PMID- 808913 TI - Control of meningococcal meningitis with meningococcal vaccines. AB - The development of effective meinigococcal vaccines was based upon the finding that immunity to the meningococcus was directly correlated with serum bactericidal antibodies. Purified high molecular weight capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A and C meningococci stimulated the production of humoral antibodies which had group specific bactericidal activity. In controlled field trials in Army recruits, group C polysaccharide vaccines were highly effective in preventing group C disease. Following its use as a routine immunization in recruits in October 1971 group C meningococcal disease has been almost completely eliminated from Army training centers. Group A vaccine has been field tested in Egyptian school children with great success. Group B polysaccharide has failed to induce bactericidal antibodies in humans and, therefore, new research is underway to attempt to develop a cell wall protein antigen as a vaccine against group B disease. PMID- 808915 TI - [Two-year peroral administration of aminorex in the dog. 1]. PMID- 808916 TI - [Two-year peroral administration of aminorex in the dog. 2]. AB - In an attempt to develop an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension, five mongrel dogs were treated with 1 mg/kg p. o. and five with 1.5 mg/kg p. o. of Aminorex base five days a week for two years. A control group was given empty capsules by months. The following effects of treatment with Aminorex were noted: 1. Anorexia and central stimulation, 2. Natriuresis, 3. an increase in respiration rate, heart rate and body temperature, 4. a tendency towards usually compensated metabolic acidosis, 5. an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, total pulmonary resistance and right ventricular work, and, in the group given the higher dose, a slight increase in mean aortic pressure and peripheral resistance. 6. Only slight histopathological changes were detectable, e.g.: perivascular oedema; increase in the number of muscle arteries, occasionally with hypertrophy of the tunica media and slight, focal fibro-elastoid thickening of the intima in some elastic arteries. These changes were present in about 60% of the treated dogs. Only one dog that died after 91 weeks' treatment also showed moderate, focal phlebosclerosis of large pulmonary veins and focal, fibro elastoid thickening in the coronary artery. Serious morphological changes in the pulmonary vessels such as are observed in the human pulmonary hypertension were not seen in our laboratory animals. Two dogs in each dosage group died in the course of the experiment. The results of this experiment show that it is, in general, possible to induce pulmonary hypertension by administering Aminorex orally. In two dogs, however, pressure in the pulmonary artery (measured under anaesthesia) was below 20 mm Hg (controls: 13.8 +/- 1.3 mm Hg). One possible pathogenetic mechanism underlying the pulmonary hypertension would appear to be precapillary vasoconstriction induced by Aminorex, which can lead to transient, persistent or, for some unknown reason, even permanent fixation of pulmonary resistance. PMID- 808917 TI - [Mechanism of selective affection of the cardiovascular system in psychoemotional stress]. PMID- 808918 TI - [Ultrastructural cytopathology of the mycotic process caused by Trichophyton rubrum in the dynamics]. PMID- 808919 TI - [Use of casein-yeast serum agar in tissue culture for the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 808920 TI - [Clinical-laboratory study of the effectiveness of kanamycin in the treatment of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 808921 TI - Ultrastructural tyrosine reaction in hamster melanoma. PMID- 808922 TI - Experimental infection of rabbits with Bacillus cereus. AB - Bacillus cereus was able to grow and produced local infections following subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. An inflammatory response was produced with necrosis of muscle fibres and calcification. The organism was sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents on in vitro tests. PMID- 808923 TI - [Myxobacteria of the Myxococcus family as indirect indicators of fecal matter in surface water. 1. Communication (author's transl)]. AB - The fruiting-body-forming Myxobacteria of the Myxococcus order are coprophilic, i.e., they accumulate in biotopes that contain faecal substances. Therefore, a special detection of Myxococcus in water, based on the membrane-filter method, has been worked-out. Field studies, undertaken in the region of a mechanico biological clarifying plant, above a certain stretch of a stream (the Regnitz) laden with waste-water, and on the Bodensee (=Lake Constance) have revealed a clear correlation between the load of faecal substances in such waters and their content of Myxococci. In this way, then, these germs can be used as indirect bacterial indicators of faecal substances. PMID- 808924 TI - [Can polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide act as an antigen? (author's transl)]. AB - Anaphylactic tests in guinea pigs and double-diffusion tests with rabbit serum produced no evidence of antigen-like properties of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO). It is very unlikely therefore that the occasional clinical observations of collapse-like states, occurring when PVNO injection is resumed after a treatment-free interval are of allergic nature. These are most probably due to erythrocyte aggregation following excessively rapid injection of PVNO, producing collapse in the terminal pulmonary vasculature by a reflex action. This reaction can be avoided by slow intravenous injection or infusion. PMID- 808925 TI - [Studies on the reduction of microorganisms in icecream in production and storage (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental analyses referred to in this publication were to clarify two important hygienic-bacteriological issues: 1. Which is the capacity of survival owned by microorganisms in icecream in correspondence to temperature and storing time, and what significance have the results in regard to the length of intervals between the taking of samples of icecream and their examination. 2. Which nutritient media are suitable for a routine diagnostic of coliforms? Analyses were being made with an artificially contaminated, industrially produced icecream (Vanilla icecream with 10 per cent milk fat and strawberry icecream with 6,6 per cent milk fat and 21 per cent strawberries). Inoculations were only done with strains of bacteria isolated from icecream. We employed one strain of Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three strains of Coliforms for each inoculation. Contaminated samples were stored in deep-freeze units at three different temperatures(-28, -18, -8 degrees C). In the beginning inspections in regard to microbial content were performed in daily intervals, but intervals grew longer in the course of time. At the utmost samples were under observation for 140 days. For quantitative measurement of Coli and Coliform microorganisms five different culture media were used (Endoagar, Hexachlorophene Endoagar, Desoxycholatcitrat Agar, Violet Red Bile Agar and Brilliant Green Broth). Generally results showed, that icecream, if being stored, looses approximately one to two quarters of the bacteria within hours after production, the third dies within days and the rest after weeks and months. Within the given period of observation sterility can only be reached with rather sour kinds of icecream. E. coli proved to be moderately resistant, Coliforms were somewhat more sensitive. Staphylococci showed in the beginning a lower drop, but in the course of time similar rates as Coli and Coliforms. Only with Pseudomonas inactivation was distinctly more rapid. Differences concerning kinds of icecream and temperatures were not to be secured statistically. Examination of cultur media for the demonstration of E. coli and Coliforms resulted that Hexachlorophene Endoagar is the best one. It is recommended, to take icecream samples at the earliest at the time the icecream is to be sold. Bacteriological cultures should be prepared within 14 days. Controls are to be made at the earliest possible date, but not later that two weeks after the official analysis. Findings with a lower count reached at a later date do not contradict an earlier result of two to five times higher rates. Reliable constants for the retrospect establishment of balances of microbial content were not to be found. PMID- 808926 TI - [Investigations on the standardization of polytropic substances used in microbiological test procedures. I. Suitability of vitamin-free casein hydrolysates as standardizable source of N and C for bacterial growth (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative testing of vitamin-free casein hydrolysates produced by Merck, Difco and Sheffield showed that the products are evidently fairly well standardised by the manufacturing specifications and satisfy requirements as polytropic source of N and C for microbiological test procedures in which high degree of reproducibility is demanded. Tests were conducted with strains of E. coli, A. punctata, P. aeruginosa and Myxobacter sp. and showed that differences within the trial groups in the colony count on the nutrient medium prepared with the three vitamin-free casein hydrolysates are accidental. PMID- 808927 TI - Cell classification by laser light scattering: identification and separation of unstained leukocytes. AB - We have used a flow-system cell sorter to separate unfixed, unstained human leukocyte cells into morphologically distinct populations based only on the intensity of 488-nm wavelength laser light simultaneously scattered by each cell at two different angles. Three populations were observed as distinct peaks in a two-parameter pulse-height distribution and were then physically sorted into separate classes and stained for cytological examination. The three groups consisted of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. Each group contained between 77 and 98 per cent of a single cell type. Blood from an irradiated monkey was also sorted and showed the presence of a fourth peak which consisted of 61 per cent eosinophils. Thus, multiangle light-scattering information from unfixed, unstained cells may be a promising technique for rapid morphologic analysis and may have application, for example, as a highspeed automated leukocyte differential. We anticipate that this method may be useful in other clinical applications where morphologic differences are diagnostically important. One of the principal advantages of the method is elimination of fixation and staining of the samples; this is a nondestructive testing technique. PMID- 808928 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation: its value in surgical and digestive pathologies (author's transl)]. PMID- 808929 TI - Autotransufsion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin patients. I. Limitations of the method. AB - Autotransfusion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes followed by autoradiographic evaluation as studied in 11 patients with Hodgkin's disease and pool sizes of lymphocytes. However, it is complicated by two major pitfalls; (1) The free (extracellular) activity of oH-cytidine transfused along with the cell bound label is sufficient to cause DNA labelling of newly produced lymphocytes in the body. (2) The soluble intracellular pool of 3H-labelled compounds causes an increase of labelling intensity of lymphocyte RNA in the first hours after cell transfusion. Methods to correct for these sources of error are described. PMID- 808930 TI - Autotransfusion of 3H-cytidine-labelled blood lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin patients. II. Exchangeable lymphocyte pools. AB - The dilution in the circulating blood of lymphocytes lablled in vitro with 3H cytidine was examined after autotransfusion in 9 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) stage II A-IV B, 5 of whom were untreated; in 2 untreated patients with carcinoma, and in 1 treated patient with scleroderma. The blood transit time of exchangeable lymphocytes was 37 +/- 18 min in the patients with HD and 26 +/- 6 min in the other patients. The proportion of exchangeable (recirculating) small blood lymphocytes was 39-84% in HD and 81-91% in the carcinoma patients. The relation between the size of the circulating pool of small blood lymphocytes and the total exchangeable (recirculating) lymphocyte pool was 1:20 to 1:30 in HD and 1:29 to 1:34 in the other patients. The absolute size of the recirculating pool of lymphocytes was 46-90 times 10(9) cells in HD and 100-150 times 10(9) cells in the carcinoma patients. PMID- 808931 TI - Cellular and subcellular localization of heme and hemopexin in the rabbit. AB - The cellular distribution of intravenously administered 3H-heme, 125I-hemopexin and 125I-albumin was studied in rabbits. Radioautography of the tissue slides of several organs was examined by light and electron microscopy. All experiments were terminated 60 min after injection of the isotope-labeled materials. 3H-heme and native monomeric 125I-hemopexin (heme saturated) were found to be associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and microbodies of the hepatocytes. Aggregated hemopexin was also taken up by macrophages of lung alveoli, splenic pulp, interstitial cells of the kidney and Kupffer cells. 125I-albumin (heme saturated) could not be located in liver, spleen, bone marrow, lung, or kidney tissues. PMID- 808932 TI - Erythrocytic committed hematopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of mice. AB - Hematopoietic stem cells (CFU) found in the peripheral blood of mice might be, functionally, a heterogenous cellular population. A comparison of our data with that of others leads to the conclusion that peripheral blood CFU belong to two or more marrow CFU subpopulations, one of which consists of erythrocytic committed CFU. PMID- 808933 TI - Massive splenomegaly, pancytopenia and haemolytic anaemia in sarcoidosis. AB - A 53-year-old dock labourer, presented with massive splenomegaly and subsequently developed pancytopenia. Complete haematoglogical remission was observed following splenectomy. Histological examination of the liver and spleen revealed sarcoid granulomata. A year after splenectomy, he died in an acute haemolytic crisis, a very rare complication of sarcoidosis. Evidence of generalized sarcoidosis was found at autopsy. The literature on haematological complications in sarcoidosis is reviewed. PMID- 808934 TI - Acute myelo-monocytic leukaemia: a terminal complication of paroxysmal nocturnal haemolobinuria. AB - The authors report a case of acute myelo-monocytic leukaemia occurring in a patient, 3 years after the beginning of a typical paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). An intermediate phase characterized by worsening of the anaemia was observed, with disappearance of the in vitro haemolysis tests. The kinetic studies showed a replacement of the early peripheral haemolysis by a bone marrow insufficiency with intra-medullary cell death. A review of the five previous reported cases of this association show that PNH is generally a typical one, so that acute leukaemia must be considered as an unfrequent but possible complication of PNH. PMID- 808935 TI - Anti-heparin activity of a macroglobulin from a patient with breast adenocarcinoma. AB - We describe a case of IgM paraproteinemia, whose macroblogulin reacted anomalously with heparin. Anti-heparin activity of the paraprotein was suggested by insensibility of the patient's plasma to heparin in heparin-thrombin clotting time. Moreover, the presence of heparin in the medium markedly reduced the inhibitory effect of the paraprotein on platelet aggregation by ADP. PMID- 808936 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the transport iron compartment II. In vivo differences between transferrin iron binding sites, and in vitro interbinding site iron exchange. AB - First, an 80% 59Fe-saturated transferrin solution was exposed to reticulocytes to reduce its iron content. Iron-donating activity of the supernatant was subsequently compared to that of a fresh preparation equal in iron and transferrin concentration; it was found significantly reduced, but gradually improving in presence of 10(-3)M citrate. Second, two transferrin solutions saturated with 59FeCl3 or 56FeCl3 were exposed to reticulocytes and resaturated adding the opposite iron species. These preparations were injected into rats and the 59Fe plasma disappearance rate was followed; the 59Fe added after reticulocyte exposure was cleared more rapidly. It is concluded that citrate ions mediate interbinding site iron exchange. Further, iron distribution among binding sites is important for tissue iron delivery. PMID- 808937 TI - Binding of folic acid to serum proteins. V. Tritiated folic acid in the liver. AB - Sephadex G-200 chromatographies of the liver cell sap of rabbits, 1, 3 and 6 days after an injection of 3H-folic acid activity (FAA) into the circulation, were used in an attempt to study the binding of this labelled FAA to liver proteins. The labelled FAA was quickly accumulated in the liver, and in the cell sap it was grouped chromatographically to two maxima, which corresponded to the two maxima of microbiological FAA (L. casei). The maxima were eluated in the chromatography together with cell sap proteins. The possible coupling of FAA to proteins in the liver is discussed. PMID- 808938 TI - Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in chronic renal failure. AB - Immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA in the serum of 61 patients suffering from chronic renal failure of various etiology and not being under hemodialysis treatment were measured. Cases of nephropathy, due to collagen or blood disease or uremia with heavy proteinuria were excluded. No statistically significant difference was found between patients and controls in respect to the serum level of the 3 immunoglobulins studied. No correlation was found between the level of serum immunoglobulins and the blood urea or the amount of protein daily excreted in the urine. PMID- 808939 TI - Changes of trace minerals (serum iron, zinc, copper and magnesium) in thalassemia. AB - We have determined serum Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg in 42 patients aging from 3 months to 22 years with homozygous beta-thalassemia and thalassemia intermedia and in 36 control subjects of the same ages. Serum zinc was significantly decreased. Serum copper and iron were increased, but magnesium was found to be at normal levels. PMID- 808940 TI - A new Hb variant: Hb F Sardinia gamma75(E19) isoleucine leads to threonine found in a family with Hb G Philadelphia, beta-chain deficiency and a Lepore-like haemoglobin indistinguishable from Hb A2. AB - A 59-year-old man with beta-thalassaemia major is unusually well. He has no beta chains in his haemoglobin but is heterozygous for the genes responsible for alphaA and for alphaG Philadelphia. In addition he is also heterozygous for the genes responsible for gammaF and a new gamma-chain, gamma75(E19) Ile-Thr, named gammaF Sardinia. It was not possible to isolate the mutant gamma-chain, but from the overall ratios of Ggamma-:Agamma-Chain and gamma75 Ile : gamma75 Thr, it could be inferred that the mutation had presumably occured in the Ggamma-chain. Some of the propositus' siblings have high levels of Hb A2, and it is suggested that they possibly carry a gene for Lepore chain with the deltabeta-crossover after residue delta126. PMID- 808941 TI - Chronic eosinophilic leukemia complicated by epidural myeloblastoma. AB - Epidural myeloblastoma, which compressed the spinal cord, was the first evidence for chronic granulocytic leukemia, eosinophilic type, Ph chromosome negative. This manifestation was preceded by 3 years follow-up of a patient with persistent eosinophilia of 60% mature eosinophils. The only clues for the diagnosis of leukemia were splenomegaly and high serum vitamin B12, most of which was bound to transcobalamin I. The latter finding presents a useful diagnostic criterium in myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 808942 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute leukaemia. AB - A Nigerian male child presented with extensive superficial lymphadenopathy, a bleeding diathesis, and numerous tumour cells in blood and bone marrow. Further characterization of the tumour cells confirmed the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. The main unusual features shown by this patient are discussed. PMID- 808943 TI - Factor X Friuli coagulation disorder. The demise of the index patient. AB - The up-dated case history of the index patient with the factor X Friuli coagulation disorder is reported. The patient, aged 72, died of irreversible shock after progressive jaundice with symptoms of renal, cardiac and hepatic failure. The autopsy showed carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, diffuse petecchial hemorrhages, massive adrenal gland hemorrhage and minimal athero arteriosclerotic lesions of all arteries. The significance of minimal athero arteriosclerotic changes in a patient with a congenital coagulation defect is discussed. PMID- 808944 TI - Characterization of ineffective erythropoiesis in erythroleukaemia. AB - In 6 cases initially showing a symptomatology of erythroleukemia, the proliferation of erythroblasts was studied by combined Feulgen cytophotometry and autoradiography after labelling with 3H-TdR in vivo. A proliferation disturbance was observed consisting of an accumulation of diploid and unlabelled cells and a decreased proportion of cells in S. This defect occurred within the basophilic cell compartment in one case and within the early polychromatic cell compartment in all 6 cases. The results indicate the existence of out-of-cycle cells, which may be responsible for the inefficacy for erythropoiesis in this disease. The defect was present in all 4 cases with acute erythroleukaemia. In one of the two cases showing no deterioration of the physical and haematological condition over a period of years, an additional defect was observed, consisting of a striking accumulation of tetraploid unlabelled cells. Therefore, the technique used may be suitable as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of new types of ineffective erythropoiesis. PMID- 808945 TI - Role of transcobalamins I, II, and III in the transfer of vitamin B12 to human bone marrow cells in vitro. AB - A study of the uptake of transcobalamin-bound 57Co-cyanocobalamin by suspensions of human bone marrow cells has indicated that these cells can take up vitamin B12 from all 3 transcobalamins (I, II, and III). Similar transport processes were involved in the uptake from the 3 transcobalamins; uptake was dependent on the presence of calcium ions, cellular respiration and free sulphydryl groups. These results suggest that contrary to current belief, all 3 transcobalamins play a role in the transfer of vitamin B12 to tissue cells. PMID- 808946 TI - Urine porphyrins and their precursors in homozygous beta-thalassaemia. AB - In 68 patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia the excretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors in urine has been assayed. Though a definite excretion pattern has not been established, the majority of the thalassaemics excrete an increased amount of coproporphyrin and porphobilinogen. The results are compared to those published by other authors. PMID- 808948 TI - Extrinsic nerve supply of the naked rhinarium in the tree shrew. AB - The extrinsic nerve supply of the median strip of skin in the naked rhinarium of the tree shrews (Tupaia glis) was studied by means of nerve section. Experiments were designed, where the external nasal nerves, infraorbital nerves or a combination of both were sectioned. The cholinesterase and silver impregnation techniques were employed to demonstrate intraepithelial nerves, mammalian end organs, and the dermal nerve plexus before and after denervation. These experiments have given results contrary to what was expected, as the skin in this region, which develops from the frontonasal process, was found to be supplied by the infraorbital nerves (branches of the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve, which is the nerve of the maxillary process) and not the external nasal nerves (branches of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve, the nerve of the frontonasal process). PMID- 808947 TI - [Platelet aggregation induced by ADP: a light scattering study]. AB - The absorption and the ADP-induced platelet aggregation have been studied by the technique of light scattering. The results show, that the platelets have no specific absorption and that the aggregation test measures predominantly the diminution of free platelets. The determination of platelet kinetics and shape changes is not specific. PMID- 808949 TI - Influence of hematin, carbon tetrachloride and SKF 525-A administration on the enhancement of microsomal monooxygenase and UDPglucuronosyltransferase by 3,4 benzpyrene in rat liver. PMID- 808950 TI - Spectral measurements and Monte Carlo calculations of scattered radiation from therapeutic radiation sources. AB - Spectral measurements have been made on scattered radiation in a perspex phantom in various depths from a kilocurie 60Co unit and a 6 MeV linear accelerator using a NaI crystal spectrometer. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo calculations and a good agreement is obtained. The measured total photon distributions make the basis for calculations of absorbed dose and track length distributions in LET and their average values for the different depths and fields. PMID- 808951 TI - [Polygraphic analysis of a case of enuretic petit mal]. PMID- 808952 TI - [Von Recklinghousen's disease. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 808953 TI - Functional involvement. PMID- 808954 TI - Reversibility of left ventricular asynergy by nitroglycerin in coronary artery disease. AB - To evaluate the potential reversibility of left ventricular asynergy in patients with coronary artery disease, pre- and postnitroglycerin left ventriculography was performed in 32 subjects. In four other subjects left ventriculography was repeated without intervention of nitroglycerin. Changes in ejection fraction and percentage of systolic shortening of three minor axes from the first to the second angiogram were then calculated. Changes were not significant for the myocardial infarction group or for the control group without the intervention of nitroglycerin. Normal left ventricles showed small but significant changes (p less than 0.05). Patients with coronary artery disease but without previous myocardial infarction who demonstrated asynergy in their first angiogram showed three types of response: (1) no significant change (p less than 0.05) irreversible asynergy; (2) significant change (p less than 0.025) with residual dysfunction-partially reversible asynergy; (3) significant change (p less than 0.001) without residual dysfunction-completely reversible asynergy. It is concluded that postnitroglycerin ventriculography is useful in assessing the reversibility of left ventricular asynergy in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 808955 TI - Chloramphenicol metabolism in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The plasma levels and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was studied in ten malnourished children and four normal children after oral administration of a single dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. Plasma peak levels were achieved 2-4 hours later and were 1.5 or 2 times higher in malnourished children compared to the normal. They also took much longer to clear the drug from the plasma, 30 hours or more in malnourished children compared with 12 hours in the normal. These observations point to a slower rate of biotransformation in the liver. The excretion pattern of the drug and its metabolite lends support to this hypothesis. 75-85% of the drug excreted was in the form of conjugated fraction in the normal while only 35-55% was conjugated in malnourished children. In two children the liver biopsy tissue was subjected to assay of bilirubin-UDP transferase and low levels were detected. This observation also points to an alteration in the rate of biosynthesis of chloramphenicol. PMID- 808957 TI - The relationship between hemolytic and immunodiffusion methods for measurement of C4 in patients with immunologic disorders. AB - A comparison of radial immunodiffusion and functional (hemolytic) assays for C4 revealed a highly significant correlation between the two methods in patients with a variety of immunologic disorders. Immunodiffusion technics are more convenient than hemolytic assays for most clinical laboratories. C4 assays are useful for the presumptive diagnosis of hereditary angioneurotic edema, whereas C3 is usually normal in such patients. C4 is usually more sensitive than C3 in a variety of immunologic disorders, although in some patients the opposite is true, especially in hypocomplementemic nephritis. PMID- 808956 TI - Depression of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase esterification in vitamin E deficient monkeys. AB - Vitamin E deficiency in two species of monkeys (capuchins and cynamolgus) reduced the in vitro cholesterol esterification by plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. The reduction was greates in the most deficient species and in animals fed a diet rich in polyunsaturated fat (safflower oil) stripped of vitamin E. The best correlate of total esterification was the plasma concentration of free cholesterol which reflected the degree of hyperlipidemia, found to be greatest in capuchins fed coconut oil. A logical explanation for the decreased LCAT activity in vitamin E deficiency would be peroxidative damage of substrate (the PUFA of lecithin) or of sulfhydryl sited on lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase itself. However, neither case was fully supported by the data suggesting that additional information concerning the nature of the reaction and the role of vitamin E is required. PMID- 808958 TI - The hydrolysis of human IgG with subtilisin. AB - Small amounts of subtilisin (0.1 mg. per ml.) in the absence of cysteine will instantaneously hydrolyze "enzyme-sensitive" IgG globulins. This procedure permits the identification of antibodies in whole serum and myeloma globulins in the ultracentrifuge with simplicity and speed unmatched by other technics. PMID- 808959 TI - Corynebacterium aquaticum septicemia. Characterization of the microorganisms. AB - An 85-year-old woman with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis developed septicemia during hospitalization. Cultures of the patient's blood revealed the presence of Gram-variable coccobacilli, later identified as Corynebacterium aquaticum. The microorganisms grew aerobically on blood agar plates after incubation overnight. The colonies were convex, non-hemolytic and slightly yellow pigmented. No growth was observed on MacConkey and endo agar plates. The organisms were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile, and oxidized glucose and mannitol. The morphologic and biochemical properties of Corynebacterium aquaticum should be considered for separation from related organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium species and oxidative Gram-negative rods that do not grow on MacConkey medium (Flavobacterium spp.). PMID- 808960 TI - Plasma-cell leukemia with unusual immunoglobulin abnormalities. AB - The cases of three patients who had clinical courses and hematologic data consistent with plasma-cell leukemia or a terminal leukemic phase of multiple myeloma are presented. A double Bence Jones protein was demonstrated in the urine of two of the patients. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated kappa light chains. In serum and urine of the third patient, no immunoglobulin abnormality was demonstrated. The three patients had rapidly fatal courses unresponsive to treatment. PMID- 808961 TI - Detection of bacteriuria in pediatric outpatients. A new culture device. AB - Urine samples from 1,003 pediatric patients were examined for bacteriuria with a culture-nitrite strip test, along with microscopic assessment of pyruia and conventional chemical analysis. The latter two methods proved of little value in reliably detecting or excluding substantial bacteriuria. An overall prevalence of 5.2% was shown. Using Microstix Reagent Strips, 92 urine samples with substantial colony counts were detected. Subculture from the strips disclosed that 52 of these involved single pathogens, interpreted as true bacteriuria. When Microstix growth results were compared with the calibrated loop method on 108 randomly selected specimens, the strip gave only two false negatives and one false positive. Bacteriuria screening should be done in high-risk groups and in asymptomatic children as part of the health evaluation. The index of suspicion should be higher in girls, and reliable interpretation of culture results requires attention to proper specimen collection. PMID- 808962 TI - Chagasic megaesophagus: similarity to achalasia by manometrics, radiography, and response to pneumatic dilation. PMID- 808963 TI - Hexosaminidase isozyme in type O Gm2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease). AB - The residual enzyme of the fibroblasts of a child with homozygous type 0 GM2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease) has been found to correspond with a minor fraction of enzyme which can be isolated from normal fibroblasts by repeated chromatography. This enzyme is designated as hexosaminidase (hex) S. It reacts with antiserum prepared against homogeneous hex A but not with serum prepared against homogeneous hex B. These findings support our previously described model of the relationship between hex A and hex G: hex A has the structure (alpha beta)3, while hex B is (beta)6. Type B GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay Sachs disease) is the alpha- mutation, while type 0 GM2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff Jatzkewitz disease) is the beta- mutation. In the absence of normal beta subunits there is increased polymerization of alpha subunits forming hex S, which probably has a structure of (alpha)6. A parallel between the thalassemias and GM2 gangliosidosis is evident: deficiency of one of the chains of which the protein is composed leads to an excess of polymers comprised of the other chains. In type B GM2 gangliosidosis, the excess of beta chanis leads to increased amounts of hex B beta)6; in type 0 GM2 gangliosidosis, the excess of alpha chains leads to formation of increased amounts of the alpha chain polymer, hex S. PMID- 808964 TI - Nursing care in nursing homes. PMID- 808965 TI - Effect of moderate maternal malnutrition on the placenta. AB - The results of two studies of the influence of moderate maternal malnutrition on the weight and chemical characteristics of the placenta are discussed. In the first study, two groups of pregnant women of high and low socioeconomic status from Guatemala City were studied. Socioeconomic status was defined by family income, educational level of the mother, and environmental sanitary conditions. Both groups were very similar with respect to age, parity, gestational age, and absence of severe disease during pregnancy. The average placental weight in the low socioeconomic group was 15 per cent below that of the high socioeconomic group and there was a consistent association between the postpartum maternal weight and placental weight. There were no differences between the two groups regarding placental concentration of fat, protein, water, ash, hemoglobin, and DNA; hydroxyproline and fat concentration were significantly lower in the low socioeconomic group. The hypothesis that the difference in placental weight observed between the two groups was primarily due to maternal nutritional status was tested in the second study by means of nutritional intervention in four rural villages in Guatemala. Two of the villages received a protein-calorie preparation while the other two received a calorie supplement. Placental weight was higher among women with high levels of supplemented calories during pregnancy, independently of the type of food supplement ingested. On the average, the groups with low caloric supplementation (smaller than 20,000 calories) had placental weight 11 per cent below those with high caloric supplementation (larger than or equal to 20,000 calories), In contrast to placental weight, the concentration of placental chemical components studied was not associated with caloric supplementation. It was concluded that moderate protein-calorie malnutrition during pregnancy leads to lower placental weight without significantly changing the concentration of the biochemical components studied. The reduction of placental weight may be the mechanism by which maternal malnutrition is associated with high prevalence of low-birth-weight babies in these populations. PMID- 808967 TI - Mechanics of guinea pig taenia coli smooth muscle during anoxia and rigor. AB - Potassium-contracted guinea pig taenia coli relaxed when exposed to hypoxic glucose-free conditions, and this was followed by a second contraction. During this second contraction, which was not inhibited by ethylene glycol-his-(beta aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetracetic acid (EGTA) the muscle was in rigor. After development of this contraction the muscle did not have an active state and was less extensible than a muscle normally contracted with KCl. Tension during rigor in an isometrically contracting muscle was short-lived in contrast to shortening during rigor development in a lightly loaded isotonically contracting muscle. These findings, together with the observation of irreversible lengthening of a muscle in rigor on stretching, suggest that rigor linkages can be broken. Glucose removal under aerobic conditions did not produce rigor, but oxygen removal in the presence of glucose resulted in relaxation followed by secondary contraction. This later contraction, unlike that accompanying rigor, was reversed by removal of calcium with EGTA. These data imply that in the absence of oxygen the removal of cytoplasmic free-Ca2+ is inhibited. PMID- 808968 TI - Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity of wistar rat kidney. AB - Wistar rat kidneys have been shown to possess a bilirubin glucuronyltransferase (BGT) activity capable of conjugating about 3/5 of the total pool of unconjugated bilirubin within 48 h of being grafted to Gunn rat hosts. Bilirubin conjugated by the kidney is taken up by the liver and excreted in the bile. Except when the bile duct is ligated, no conjugated bilirubin appears in the plasma or urine. Renal BGT activity is about 1/20th of the hepatic activity on a weight basis in Wistar rats. The Gunn rat's hyperbilirubinemia probably causes an induction of the renal enzyme since its activity doubles in 48 h. PMID- 808969 TI - Action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a diphosphonate on calcium metabolism in rats. AB - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) on Ca balance, 45Ca kinetics, and bone morphology has been studied in control rats and rats given disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), 10 mg P/kg sc per day. This large dose of EHDP is known to inhibit bone mineralization and intestinal calcium absorption and to depress the endogenous production of 1,25-(OH)2D3. In conctrol rats, 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased intestinal calcium absorption. However, in contrast to the enhanced calcium absorption that results from an augmentation of dietary calcium, the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced augmentation of calcium absorption does not lead to a rise in calcium retention, the intestinal effect being matched by an increased excretion of urinary calcium. The EHDP-induced decrease of intestinal calcium absorption could be completely prevented by the concomitant administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 but not the inhibition of bone mineralization. Therefore, in contrast to the impairment of calcium absorption, that of bone mineralization brought about by large doses of EHDP cannot be merely attributed to a decreased production of 1,25-(OH)2D3. PMID- 808970 TI - Temporal changes in growth hormone, cortisol, and glucose: relation to light onset and behavior. AB - Plasma growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and glucose were measured every 20 min in the last 2 h of a 12-h dark cycle and the first 4 h of a 12-h light cycle in eight environmentally limited rhesus monkeys; additionally, ongoing behavior was scored every 20 min in the last 4 h when the lights in the booths housing the monkeys were on. Episodic fluctuations in levels of GH, cortisol, and glucose occurred. Onset of booth illumination was associated with a significant number of GH secretory bursts (6 of 18), and more than twice as many bursts per hour occurred in the light than in the dark (L:D = 0.44:0.19). The onset of illumination was also associated with significant increases in glucose for the eight animals. In addition, plasma glucose increased concurrently with the onset of 13 of 18 bursts of GH secretion. Monkeys were rated as significantly more alert or aroused when plasma levels of GH and glucose were increasing than when they were decreasing. In contrast plasma cortisol showed small, rhythmic fluctuations over time that did not correlate with booth illumination or degree of behavioral arousal. This latter finding challenges the traditional assumption that cortisol is a sensitive index of behavioral arousal. PMID- 808972 TI - The supervoltage story. Janeway Lecture, 1974. PMID- 808971 TI - Thyroid activity in desert rodents: a mechanism for lowered metabolic rate. AB - Desert rodents are known to exhibit three different levels of metabolic rate (MR) when related to the mouse-elephant equation. Several species have an MR that is either higher, lower, or similar to that predicted from the equation. The role of thyroid function as a possible mechanism associated with these different MR was examined in 12 species of desert rodents, representing 3 families and 3 different biotic communities. Thyroidal 131I uptake, ratio of neck-to-thigh 131I counts per minute (N/T ratio), thyroxine secretion rate (TSR), and plasma protein binding sites were used as indices of thyroid function. When relating thyroid function to MR, TSR was found to be low in species exhibiting low MR and vice versa. Other thyroid indices did not show a consistent relationship to MR. Also, TSR seems to be related to ecologic distribution: low TSR in desert areas and high TSR in arid woodland and montane forest areas. TSR was found to be correlated to body weight. The low TSR associated with reduced MR represents a useful adaptive mechanism for survival of desert rodents under their natural stressful environment. PMID- 808973 TI - [Vena cava catheters in pediatric intensive care. Clinical data and roentgenological findings]. PMID- 808974 TI - Histopathology of the endocrine pancreas of a fresh-water fish, Clarias batrachus (L.) IX: Effect of the new antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (HB 419). AB - Oral administration of glibenclamide, the new antidiabetic drug, caused hypoglycemia in Clarias batrachus. The effect was maximal at 15 hours, when some fish had practically no sugar in their plasma. The hypoglycemic effect was insignificant in partially-pancreatectomized fish, indicating that the drug potentiated the effect of insulin in such animals. In fasting normal fish, the drug provoked an increase in the liver glycogen contents while in the diabetic animals, a reverse condition occurred. Significant beta-cell degranulation and vacuolisation was noted in the Langerhans' islets, the effect being synchronous with hypoglycemia. In a few cases, the alpha-cells had also undergone degenerative changes. No significant side effects and discerneable toxicity was observed in the treated-fish. It is stipulated that the drug is endowed with the beta cytotropic property. PMID- 808975 TI - [The manifestation of hypochordal spicules in the cranio-vertebral area in man]. PMID- 808976 TI - [Significance of tissue specificity for the frequency of mitosis and it's changes (author's transl)]. AB - A 15 fold increase in the rate of mitosis was found in the lower third of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the duodenum of albino rats which had received a dose of colchicine or colchicine after a long treatment with glibenclamid compared with untreated rats. The B-cells of the islets of Langerhans of all rats in the colchicine + glibenclamid group showed however an 18 fold increase in the rate of mitosis in relation to the other two groups. The high number of cells found in the mitotic state in the duodenum of the colchicine treated rats is due to the prevention of further differentiation and hinderance of locomotion of the already high number of cells undergoing mitosis. The B-cells appear to be insensitive to colchicine, probably because they divide only occasionally and tend to remain in the same place, but they are shown to be sensitive to glibenclamid. It is concluded that the influence of external factors on the frequency of mitosis depends primarily on the particular characteristics of the tissue. PMID- 808977 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion. PMID- 808978 TI - Investigation of enzyme mechanisms with nucleoside phosphorothioates. PMID- 808979 TI - D-Penicillamine--production and properties. PMID- 808980 TI - Prostaglandins. PMID- 808981 TI - Facile synthesis of L-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine (L-DOPA) and related compounds. PMID- 808982 TI - Preparation and reactivity of sterically crowded porphyrins. PMID- 808983 TI - Synthesis of D-norgestrel. PMID- 808984 TI - Synthesis of linear tri- and tetrapyrroles of biogenetic significance. PMID- 808985 TI - A N,N',N'',N'''-tetramethylporphyrinogen. PMID- 808986 TI - The spreading alkaloid stenusin from the staphylinid Stenus comma (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). PMID- 808988 TI - Some factors affecting mother-infant relations in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of six independent variables on rhesus mother-infant relations are examined by comparing sub-groups of mother-infant pairs differing in only one of the variables. Variables compared and discussed include mother's parity, previous experience and social status, sex of the infant and the presence of peers. All variables except maternal parity appeared to affect the relationship, but none produced effects that were wholly consistent over all comparisons. Further tentative analyses were made of some age effects and interactions between variables which may have accounted for the inconsistencies. PMID- 808987 TI - The attractiveness to males of female Drosophila melanogaster: effects of mating, age and diet. AB - Decapitated females were used to examine the attractiveness to males (duration of courtship elicited) of female Drosophila melanogaster. Decapitated females show but few behavioural responses. The attractiveness of virgin females varied with age, being at a maximum on the day of eclosion, and declining thereafter. Even though decapitated inseminated females do not extrude their genitalia they received less courtship than decapitated virgin females. In protein-fed inseminated females attractiveness to males returned in parallel with sexual receptivity. A sucrose diet rendered both virgin and inseminated decapitated females more attractive to males, but did not prevent the change in attractiveness due to mating. The ejaculate and ovarian activation are suggested as causal factors in these processes. PMID- 808989 TI - Ranging behaviour of red colobus (Colobus badius tephrosceles) in the Gombe National Park. AB - The ranging behaviour of one troop of red colobus in the Gombe National Park is described. The troop moved about its range in a semi-regular fashion, spending much more time in some areas than in others. The distribution of its time was closely correlated with the joint distribution of the three tree species on which the animals fed most. At the time of year when they fed most on shoots and flowers (as opposed to mature leaves) the animals moved furthest each day, visited the greatest number of different areas, distributed their time most evenly across the range and moved around it in the shortest period. PMID- 808990 TI - The species distribution of three concanavalin A-purified mycobacterial polysaccharides. AB - Culture filtrates prepared from 12 species of mycobacteria were examined for the presence of 3 mycobacterial polysaccharides previously purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography. Four commercial Old Tuberculins, tuberculin tine test units, and purified protein derivative were also studied. All 3 polysaccharides were demonstrated in all of the filtrates and each of the Old Tuberculins and purified protein derivative. The amount of concanavalin A-nonreactive polysaccharide was measured in clinical skin testing antigens and found to be in the range of potential significance as a cause of false positive reactions to Old Tuberculin. PMID- 808991 TI - Intermittent neutrophil-monocyte bactericidal defects in a patient with sarcoidosis. AB - Reccurrent abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte bactericidal activity were demonstrated in a patient with sarcoidosis. Defective function occurred during hypercalcemia complicating recovery from Listeria meningitis, and during separate, unrelated episodes of erythema nodosum, staphylococcal cellulitis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Leukocyte morphology, oxidative metabolism, degranulation, and content of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were normal, but low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrable on one occasion. Despite defective bactericidal function of monocytes, the patient's macrophages killed bacteria normally. The relationship between an intermittent leukocyte bactericidal defect and sarcoidosis is unclear; however, further studies of leukocyte function in sarcoidosis patients with opportunistic infection are indicated. PMID- 808992 TI - Evidence for an infectious etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 808994 TI - Characterization of IgG complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Readily demonstrable IgG complexes are a characteristic feature of the serum and joint fluid of most patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The complexes that occur in the joint fluids have been implicated in the activation of the complement system. Studies with highly purified radiolabeled joint fluid complexes, dissociated in acid buffers, showed that isolated 7S fractions contain all the components necessary to readily reassociate and reform rapidly sedimenting complexes. Furthermore, quantitation of anti-IgG activity in the dissociated 7S fraction demonstrated that the preponderance of molecules possessed anti-IgG activity. These findings provided evidence that IgG anti-IgG molecules account for the major proportion of the precipitable IgG complexes. Quantitation by analytic ultracentrifugation revealed considerable amounts of complexes not detected by precipitation with the monoclonal anti-IgG reagents, which thus emphasizes the existence of a spectrum of IgG complexes with differing physical and biologic properties. Sodium sulfate, used at varying concentrations, proved to be useful for differentially enriching various fractions of the complexes. PMID- 808993 TI - Inhibition of complement-derived enzymes. PMID- 808995 TI - [Identity of Lithocystis parguerae I. Jones 1971, Gregarine parasite of Sipunculide, with Filipodium ozakii Hukui 1939]. PMID- 808997 TI - [A new radioclinical entity: multidiverticular renal dysplasia. Relations with the Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 808996 TI - [Gregarines of Thailand]. PMID- 808998 TI - [Brucella isolated in France: identification and typing. I. -- Brucella abortus (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and eight strains of Brucella isolated from cattle and 5 isolated from man in various areas of France, during a two-year period from 1972 to 1974, were examined by all methods recommended by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of the genus Brucella and were found to have the same characteristics that identify and define the species Brucella abortus. Of the 213 strains, 105 (49,29 p. 100) were biotype I, 103 strains (48,36 p. 100) biotype 3, three strains (1,41 p. 100) biotype 4 and 2 strains (0,94 p. 100) biotype 2. The distribution of Brucella abortus biotypes isolated from cattle and man in France is reviewed and compared with the data from our sample. It corroborates the epidemiologic importance of Brucella abortus biotype 3, just after type 1, and the absence of biotypes 5 to 9(1) in France. Five strains of Brucella abortus biotype 3, originating from a well-defined geographical area, are ureaseless. This new biochemical character distinguishes these strains from the main group of biotype 3 and is discussed from an epidemiological and methodological point of view. Data on the oxydative rates obtained on 12 substrates by the 213 strains are presented in graphic form which reveals a metabolic profile for the species Brucella abortus. The interest of this graphic presentation is discussed and its use should be recommended. PMID- 808999 TI - Current concepts of the formation and composition of amyloid. AB - Immunochemical and chemical studies of purified amyloid fibril protein from a wide variety of human tissues reveals that amyloid fibrils may derive from immunoglobulin proteins most frequently in the "primary" disease and can be classified as of kappa- or lambda-type. In addition a protein of unknown origin is the source of amyloid fibrils in another group of cases usually of "secondary" type. The creation of fibrils with all the characteristics of amyloid fibrils has been accomplished by proteolysis of some Bence Jones proteins. This indicates that amyloid fibrils may be formed by proteolytic digestion of circulating light polypeptide chains of immunoglobulin proteins. PMID- 809000 TI - Inhibition of ribosomal A site functions by sporangiomycin and micrococcin. AB - Sporangiomycin and micrococcin inhibit the binding of aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid into the ribosomal A site in intact bacterial protoplasts. They also prevent the assembly of [ribosome-elongation factor G-guanine nucleotide] complexes in vitro and compete with [(35)S]thiostrepton for ribosomal binding sites. We conclude that micrococcin and sporangiomycin block the ribosomal A site in the vicinity of the complex guanosine triphosphatase center and so resemble thiostrepton in their modes of action. PMID- 809001 TI - Incorporation of double-labeled L-cystine and DL-valine in penicillin. AB - l-[3,3'-(3)H]cystine was incorporated into penicillin with retention of one tritium. This result can be explained by beta-lactam formation through ring closure between C3 of cysteine and NH of valine. No radioactivity of dl-[2,3 (3)H]valine was incorporated into penicillin. The loss of isotope at C2 occurs during the inversion of configuration. The loss of label at C3 is discussed in terms of possible intermediates for the formation of the thiazolidine ring of penicillin. PMID- 809002 TI - Therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with tobramycin. AB - The efficacy of tobramycin in doses of 2.7 to 5.6 mg/kg per day in 29 courses of therapy in 25 hospitalized patients with serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections was studied. Eighty-three percent of the P. aeruginosa strains showed zones of inhibition of 16 mm or more around a 10-mug tobramycin disk in the Bauer Kirby disk method. Tobramycin minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from <0.05 to 1.5 mug/ml (microtiter twofold dilution method); for gentamicin they ranged from 0.05 to 6.2 mug/ml; corresponding geometric means were 0.19 and 0.49 mug/ml. Therapy was given for a median of 10 days (mean 19, range 1 to 83). The clinically satisfactory response rate for the 29 courses of therapy was 52%: critically ill, 44%; seriously ill, 50%; moderately ill, 80%. The response rates for various sites of infection were bone and cartilage, 100%; urinary tract infection, 56%; wound, 50%; respiratory tract, 67%; septicemia, 40%; abscess, 0%; burns, 44%. No adverse reactions were seen. Serum concentration (mug/ml +/- standard deviation) of tobramycin determined by an agar-well plate method, were 4.81 +/- 2.17 (1 h); 3.24 +/- 1.43 (2 h); 2.35 +/- 1.30 (4 h); and 1.40 +/- 1.09 (8 h). Tobramycin appears to be as effacacious as gentamicin in the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections and has a theoretical advantage of lower minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa. The data suggest that, for life threatening infections, dosages of tobramycin may need to be increased over those used in this study. PMID- 809004 TI - Antigenic differences between infective and noninfective strains of Rhizobium trifolii. AB - Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques have revealed the presence of soluble antigens in sonicated preparations of four infective strains of Rhizobium trifolii which were absent in similar preparations of related noninfective mutants derived from the infective strains. The soluble antigens unique to the infective strains were cross-reactive with one another. PMID- 809003 TI - Accessibility of the (14C)benzylpenicillin binding proteins in membranes of sporulating bacilli. AB - Triton X-100 treatment or freeze-thawing damages the membranes of sporulating or vegetative cells as seen by protein leakage from cells. A 40% increase in the specific [(14)C]benzylpenicillin-binding capacity of detergent-treated or frozen sporulating cells was observed. Neither freezing nor Triton X-100 treatment of vegetative cells produced a detectable effect on their [(14)C]benzylpenicillin binding capacity. These data indicate the presence of penicillin-binding sites in intact sporulating bacilli not accessible to penicillin in routine binding assays. The chemical specificity of [(14)C]benzylpenicillin binding to detergent treated sporulating cells is similar to that observed with untreated vegetative or sporulating cells. PMID- 809005 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of specific iron (III)-binding compounds in near shore marine ecosystems. AB - Aqueous extracts of samples from representtive types of near-shore marine ecosystems were examined for growth-promoting activity for the siderochrome auxotroph, Arthrobacter JG-9. Blue-green algal mat and sea grass samples gave strongly positive responses. Relative to Desferal (Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, N.J.), concentrations up to 110 ng/g (wet weight) of sample were found. In contrast, extracts of anaerobic muds or macroalgae gave no detectable activity. The hydroxamate type of iron chelator may be important in providing a form of iron in sea water readily utilized by the microalgae and marine higher plants. PMID- 809006 TI - Antibacterial activity of the lactoperoxidase system in milk against pseudomonads and other gram-negative bacteria. AB - Products of thiocyanate oxidation by lactoperoxidase inhibit gram-positive bacteria that produce peroxide. We found these products to be bactericidal for such gram-negative bacteria as Pseudomonas species and Escherichia coli, provided peroxide is supplied exogenously by glucose oxidase and glucose. By the use of immobilized glucose oxidase the bacterial agent was shown to be dialyzable, destroyed by heat and counteracted, or destroyed by reducing agents. Because the system is active against a number of gram-negative bacteria isolated from milk, it may possibly be exploited to increase the keeping quality of raw milk. PMID- 809007 TI - Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production in fig fruits. AB - Immature fig fruits did not support colonization and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus Lk. but became susceptible when ripe. While sun-drying on the tree, fruits were particularly vulnerable to fungal infection and colonization. Aflatoxin accumulation equaled levels frequently reported for such seeds as peanuts and cereal grains. PMID- 809008 TI - Methyl violet: a selective agent for differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Enterobacter aerogenes and other gram-negative organisms. AB - Three selective media for differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Enterobacter aerogenes on the basis of colonial morphology were evaluated. Using methyl violet 2B as a selective agent, strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine, fresh water, and fresh produce were tested against other members of Enterobacteriaceae in addition to strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of colonial morphology showed K. pneumoniae produced larger, smoother colonies than other bacteria tested. These media were developed to aid in presumptive separation of K. pneumoniae from E. aerogenes in the monitoring of bacterial quality of water. PMID- 809009 TI - Column chromatography and cell culture assay of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin Z preparations. AB - Toxic material produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cell culture was concentrated and partially purified. This toxic material, designated toxin Z, was produced during the growth of strain PA Z or PA 103 in HEp-2 monolayer cultures using Eagle minimal essential medium with 10% serum. Toxin Z, concentrated fourfold by Lyphogel or ultrafiltration, was used to produce antiserum in rabbits and also was fractionated by column chromatography. Twentyfold purification of toxin Z was obtained on a Sephadex G-200 column. Toxic column fractions were confirmed to have toxin Z by neutralization with specific antiserum. During concentration, purification, and neutralization procedures, the toxin was assayed exclusively by the cytopathic effect it produced in cell culture. PMID- 809010 TI - Improvements in a non-proprietary radiometric medium to allow the detection of some Pseudomonas species and Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - The addition of [5-14C]glutamate and [14C]formate to a non-proprietary medium containing [14C]glucose, Trypticase, yeast extract, thiotone, and salts enabled the radiometric detection of the presence of nonfermenters of glucose. It did not interfere with the rapid detection of the presence of aerobic and anaerobic sporeforemers and nonsporeformers. PMID- 809011 TI - Some effects of selenium deficiency on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system in the rat. PMID- 809012 TI - The role of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in microsomal hydroxylation reactions. PMID- 809013 TI - External otitis among swimmers and nonswimmers. AB - Studies were undertaken between the summers of 1970 and 1974 to determine the effects of swimming on the incidence of external otitis and on the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected outer ears. The frequency of "earaches" reported by swimmers during a telephone survey conducted during the summer of 1971 was 2.4 times the frequency reported by nonswimmers. Furthermore, the risk of a swimmer acquiring external otitis, determined from reports of outer-ear infections received from physicians during the same period, was approximately five times as great as the risk to nonswimmers. Swimming also increased the risk of P aeruginosa involvement in otitis externa, and reported infections among swimmers tended to be more severe than infections among nonswimmers. PMID- 809014 TI - Immunosuppression and temporary skin transplantation in the treatment of massive third degree burns. AB - A method of burn treatment (immunosuppression and temporary skin transplantation) for patients suffering from massive third degree burns is evaluated. The method is based on the prompt excision of all dead tissue (burn eschar) and immediate closure of the wound by skin grafts. Total wound closure is achieved before bacterial infection or organ failure takes place by carrying out all initial excision and grafting procedures within the first ten days post burn and supplementing the limited amount of autograft with allograft. Continuous wound closure is maintained for up to 50 days through immunosuppression. Both azathioprine and ATG have been used but ATG is preferred. During the period of immunosuppression, allograft is stepwise excised and replaced with autograft donor sites regenerate for recropping. Bacterial complications are minimized by housing the patient in the protected environment of the Bacteria Controlled Nursing Unit. Intensive protein and calorie alimentation are provided, and 0.5% aqueous AgNO3 dressings are used. A swinging febrile illness has been associated with large areas of allograft rejection. Eleven children have been treated and seven have been returned to normal, productive schooling. PMID- 809016 TI - Assessment of ventricular function in coronary artery disease using nitroglycerin and computerized analysis of left ventriculograms. AB - The ability to predict if abnormalities in regional wall motion are reversible would assist in selecting patients for aortocoronary bypass operation. This study shows that asynergic areas of the ventricle may be reversed by nitroglycerin. Thirty-four asynergic areas in 30 patients with coronary artery disease were studied before and after administration of nitroglycerin. Nineteen patients with previous infarction, diagnostic Q waves in their electrocardiogram, and akinetic areas in the left ventricle had no change in their akinetic areas after nitroglycerin administration. Nine of these patients did show increased motion in other hypokinetic areas of the myocardium. Five of 11 patients with no evidence of previous infarction showed a dramatic improvement in akinetic areas after nitroglycerin, while of the remaining 6, 5 showed mild improvement. This illustrates that recoverable asynergic areas may be recognized by nitroglycerin. PMID- 809015 TI - Immunological detection of human bladder carcinoma. AB - A rabbit antiserum (RABCa) to membrane antigenic extracts of human bladder carcinomas was produced. RABCa failed to detect bladder cancer-specific antigens in gel diffusion reaction against antigenic extracts of bladder carcinoma and normal bladder mucosa. However, RABCa showed higher complement fixation activity against urines from bladder cancer patients compared with normal urines. The micro-complement fixation (CF) assay (108 patients) was positive in 17 of 27 bladder cancer patients (62.9%) compared to only 1 of 29 normals (3.4%). However, 10 of 11 patients with urinary infections also were positive. A micro-Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion assay was also used to study urine samples (118 patients). RABCa produced separate precipitin bands against 20 of 30 bladder cancer urines (66.7%) while only 1 of 24 normal urines gave these bands (4.2%). Again, infected urines were positive (9 of 11). Additionally, urine from patients with benign urological disease was often positive in CF (11 of 41) and Ouchterlony (15 of 43) assays. RABCa serum was absorbed with normal bladder mucosa membrane extracts either once (1X) or three times (3X) to increase the specificity of the Ouchterlong gel diffusion assay. Using RABCa (1X) the per cent of positive bladder cancer urines and normals decreased only slightly, while the number of positive reactions against benign urological disease urines dramatically decreased (17.9%). RABCa (3X) further reduced the per cent of positive reactions with benign urological disease urines (10.3%), greatly reduced the reactivity with infected urines (60.0%), and gave no positive reactions with normal urines, without significantly decreasing the abiltiy to detect bladder carcinoma (51.9%). Although RABCa was 100% effective in detecting high grade (III) bladder tumors, almost two-thirds of all transitional cell papilloma urines were also positive. The nature of the material detected in bladder cancer and infected urines by RABCa is probably a product of in vivo inflammation. It does not appear to be part of the bacterial cell membrane or a bacterial metabolite. CEA (up to 10 ng/ml) did not produce positive precipitin bands with RABCa. Sephadex G-100 fractionation of urines suggests that RABCa reacts in the CF and Ouchterlony assays with a component or urine which has a molecular weight greater than 100,000-200,000 M.W. In summary, an antiserum has been prepared which may be used in micro-complement fixation and micro-Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion assays for immunological screening in the early detection of clinical disease, especially bladder cancer and urinary infection. PMID- 809017 TI - Regulation of the hypophysiotropic secretions of the brain. AB - Two elements govern the secretion of the anterior pituitary. One influence, from the hypothalamus is mediated by the hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic hormones, which are elaborated in specialized neurones and reach the pituitary by way of the hypophysial-portal vessels. The other influence is the feedback control exerted by target gland hormones directly on the pituitary, and possibly on the hypothalamus as well. In the case of the pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormone exerts a direct inhibitory effect on TSH secretion, interacting with the stimulatory effects of thryotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). In the rat, TRH excretion in the urine is reduced by thyroid deficiency, suggesting that the thyroid hormones may also be involved in regulating TRH secretion, but we cannot be certain that the effect is on hypothalamic TRH secretion, since TRH also is found in other parts of the brain. In the case of pituitary-goned control, estrogens inhibit pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) in men, but sensitize the pituitary in women. In men, estrogens stimulate LRH release as inferred from changes in plasma bioassayable luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) activity, thus suggesting a positive feedback effect of estrogens on the hypothalamus. In women, LRF activity appears in the blood during midcycle, suggesting that mid-cycle LRH secretion, together with estrogen sensitization of the pituitary, are components of the mechanism underlying the midcycle ovulatory surge. PMID- 809018 TI - [Immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion in the diagnosis of human cerebral cysticercosis]. AB - This paper describes the immune reactivity of the sera of humans with different probabilities of suffering cerebral cysticercosis as measured in immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion against antigenic fractions from the wall, the liquid and the scolex of Cysticercus cellulosae. The proportion of positive sera with any antigenic fraction increased with the likelyhood of suffering cerebral cysticercosis, although some variation was found between antigenic fractions. Scolex and wall antigens showed the maximal discriminatory power between sick and healthy individuals: the probability of a false positive being less than 0.05 and that of a false negative ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. With these estimates it is concluded that a positive serum in immunoelectrophoresis or double diffusion against scolex or wall antigens practically establishes the diagnosis of cerebral cysticerocosis, although this event will occur in only half of the patients afflicted by the disease. The ease of execution of these tests and their discriminatory power between healthy and sick humans justify their establishment among diagnostic tools in cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 809019 TI - [Serum cortisol in acute protein-energy malnutrition]. PMID- 809020 TI - Evaluation of nutrient intake: New statistical approaches. PMID- 809021 TI - [Editorial: Perinatal policy: a good example of public health planning]. PMID- 809022 TI - Stroke: Does rehabilitation affect outcome? AB - A sample of 114 consecutive stroke admissions to a rehabilitation center was studied statistically to determine functional gains achieved and retained after rehabilitation. In order to provide a measure of function, a functional profile was developed that evaluates seven activities, each according to a five-point scale. It was found that significant gains were achieved which could not be attributed merely to spontaneous recovery. An estimate of the cost benefit ratio showed that the reduced cost resulting from returning patients to the family or to independent living more than paid for the cost of providing rehabilitation services to the whole sample. PMID- 809023 TI - Stroke rehabilitation: Outcome and prediction. AB - Predictors of functional outcome were developed in a group of 114 stroke patients consecutively admitted to a tertiary rehabilitation center. These predictors included a pool of medical data, the age of the patient, psychological tests and the patient's educational level. None of these predictor items showed a correlation with outcome high enough to allow precise prediction of individual outcome. They did, however, provide general indicators for those patients with severe functional impairment who are more likely to gain from a rehabilitation program. The group of medical predictors indicated that a patient with a more extensive, severe lesion, with signs of congestive heart failure, generalized arteriosclerosis, gross perceptual deficit, a lower level of education, and who is older, is less likely to improve in the rehabilitation program. Since a prediction on an individual basis was not possible, it was concluded that even the most severely involved patient should be provided with a therapeutic rehabilitation trial. There was no correlation between severity of the functional impairment at admission and the gains obtained in the rehabilitation program. The same predictors were used to predict whether the patient went home or to an institution. It was found that family income and involvement in support of the patient predicted this outcome, whereas medical data did not. Since family involvement can sometimes be changed by a therapeutic team, this predictor may also present a major target for therapeutic intervention. PMID- 809024 TI - Lysosomal storage disorders. Diagnosis by ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy specimens. AB - Fifteen patients with lysosomal storage diseases were studied. Diagnoses of their illnesses included infantile Gaucher disease; Krabbe disease; Niemann-Pick disease, type A; glycogen storage disease, type 3; Fabry disease, Jansky Bielschowsky and Spielmeyer-Vogt types of amaurotic idiocy, GM1 gangliosidosis, type 1; Hurler disease; and Sanfilippo disease, types A and B. We carried out ultrastructural examinations of skin biopsy specimens that were taken to establish a cultured fibroblast line on each patient. We found diagnostic storage inclusions in all patients except those with infantile Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease, and Spielmeyer-Vogt disease, This technique can be carried out on a specimen obtained by a primary physician on an out-patient basis, thus avoiding major surgery. PMID- 809025 TI - An assessment of antibiotics for the treatment of pyogenic dental infections. AB - Tests made with a series of antibiotics against a number of different organisms indicate that if clinical evidence suggests a streptococcal infection, penicillin should be used otherwise erythromycin is preferred. PMID- 809026 TI - Leucocyte function in paraproteinaemia. AB - Cellular immunity has been studied by means of lymphocyte response to PHA, delayed hypersensitivity and skin window responses in 23 patients with myeloma (14 IgG, 9 IgA) and 14 patients with macroglobulinaemia. In the myeloma patients, 14% had abnormal PHA response and 29% were anergic. In those with macroglobulinaemia, 29% showed abnormal PHA response and 57% were anergic. In myeloma, the abnormal PHA response was due to a serum inhibitor. Abnormal skin window responses were present in 75% of the patients with myeloma, but only 22% of those with macroglobulinaemia. All the myeloma patients with anergy had abnormal skin windows but this correlation did not exist in macroglobulinaemia. No correlation was found between the paraprotein concentration and anergy, PHA response or skin window. The results support the conclusion that myeloma is predominantly associated with an abnormal skin window (inflammatory) response and macroglobulinaemia with intrinsic abnormalities of cellular immunity. When anergy and abnormal PHA response are present in myeloma, it appears to be attributable to an effect of the paraprotein and not an intrinsic abnormality of lymphocytes. PMID- 809027 TI - The serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis: an evaluation of the complement fixation, serum agglutination and rose bengal tests. AB - In a collaborative investigation in which 4 laboratories took part, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and 4 different Complement Fixation (CFT) techniques were evaluated in selected cattle for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, by comparing the results they gave with the bacteriological examination of a selection of lymph nodes taken from the same animals at slaughter. The RBT correctly classified all but 1 of 79 culture-positive cattle, but was more often positive in culture-negative animals than the other tests. The RBT may be most useful as a screen test. 11% of the culture-positive cattle had SAT titres below 100 iu and almost 4% of them had less than 30 iu. However, the SAT was more effective in cattle vaccinated with the 45/20 vaccine. The CFT, in 1 of 4 techniques used, identified all of the culture-positive cattle at a serum dilution of 1/4 or above and was considered to be far superior to the SAT as a diagnostic test, except perhaps in cattle vaccinated with the 45/20 vaccine. PMID- 809028 TI - Infections associated with ovine perinatal mortality in Victoria. AB - The occurrence of infections associated with perinatal mortality was investigated. In 1970, carcasses from 94 flocks distributed throughout Victoria were examined by microbiological and histopathological techniques. Carcasses from 4 of the same flocks were similarly examined in 1971. Widespread occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter fetus was demonstrated with L. monocytogenes being recognised in 25% of the flocks examined. No other bacterial pathogens commonly associated with ovine perinatal mortality were isolated, but adequate techniques for recognition of Toxoplasma gondii were not used. E. coli was isolated from a majority of the carcasses and in heavy pure culture from the liver of 26 cases. Evidence of non-specific bacterial infection was recognised histopathologically in carcasses from 30% of flocks in which specific infection was not recognised. Specific infections were demonstrated culturally or histologically in 16% of the 582 carcasses submitted to detailed laboratory examination. The reported findings suggest that further investigation into the incidence of specific congenital infections is required. PMID- 809029 TI - Perinatal lamb mortality in Western Australia. 6. Listeric infection. AB - Listeric abortion was diagnosed in sheep on 14 occasions between 1963-65, and 4 of these were associated with other major abortion pathogens. Except for infection in one district, the outbreaks were scattered sporadically over the southern agricultural area. The diagnosis in 1963 was the first time listeriosis had been found in animals or man in Western Australia. L. monocytogenes was readily recovered in pure culture from all organs and sites cultured. All the strains were serotype 5 Ivanov, with a distinctive double zone of haemolysis. The time-of-death of the 40 infected lambs was: ante-parturient death 50%, parturient death 10% and post-parturient death 40%. Three-quarters of the lambs had gross lesions, the most consistent being small necrotic foci in the liver. Typically, lambs with congenital listeriosis had subcutaneous oedema, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, distended abdomen, enlarged pale bronze-red friable livers with small necrotic foci, small abomasal erosions, increased yellow-orange mucoid meconium and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The finding of small yellowish, necrotic foci in the liver, small abomasal erosions and yellow-orange meconium in an aborted lamb was considered to be almost pathognomonic for listeriosis. The origin of these outbreaks was unknown. No evidence of Listeria was found in 61 specimens from 7 species of native fauna caught in the infected areas. Epizootiological observations are reported. No cases of neuro-listeriosis were observed. PMID- 809030 TI - Listeria as a cause of abortion and neonatal mortality in sheep. PMID- 809031 TI - The indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of circulating antibodies in bovine tuberculosis. AB - Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests were carried out on a total of 545 individual serums from beef cattle just before tuberculin testing, using specific FITC-anti-bovine IgG and IgM conjugates. Phenol-killed M. tuberculosis (H37Rv strain) or field strains of M. bovis and M. avium were used as antigenic substrates. All cattle were examined at abattoirs for the presence of tuberculous lesions. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.001) was found between the number of cattle with serums containing IgM and those with IgG antibody to M. bovis. The majority of cross-reactions that occurred with M. avium was due to IgM antibody. The IFA test using M. bovis and both antiglobulin conjugates detected 77% of cattle with visible lesions of tuberculosis, while the single intradermal caudal fold tuberculin test detected 83%. The IFA test detected 25 of 31 cattle with lesions that failed to react in the tuberculin test. The tuberculin test gave apparently false positive reactions in 6.2% and the IFA test gave false positive reactions in 21.2% of all cattle. The IFA test is of potential use as a further aid in the detection of tuberculous cattle that fail to react to tuberculin. It offers no advantage over the tuberculin test for the detection of all forms of the disease because it fails to detect a significant proportion of tuberculous cattle and produces an unacceptably high number of false positive results. PMID- 809032 TI - Effect of hyperbaric helium on vitamin uptake and utilization by micro-organisms. AB - Growth responses under hyperbaric helium of various procaryotic micro-organisms to graded levels of six water-soluble vitamins were measured. Vitamins included: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and folic acid (folacin). Growth response of each organism under hyperbaric helium was compared with that under 80% He-20% O2 and other He-O2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure, and with response in air at atmospheric pressure. For five of the six vitamins, no differences in response were observed. Growth response of Streptococcus faecalis to growth-limiting concentrations of folic acid was depressed during cultivation under He-O2 at 69 ATA. It is concluded that growth response of the organism is repressed by hyperbaric helium as a result of interference with uptake or utilization of the vitamin. PMID- 809033 TI - Effect of labyrinthectomy on the dynamic vestibulo-ocular counterrol reflex in the rhesus monkey. AB - Timeline records of eyeball counterrotation to constant speed rotations about the line of sight were examined in the Rhesus monkey via a linear transformer measurement system using a contact lens. Normal monkeys exhibited a decrease in the amplitude ratio of eye-to-chair motion and an increasing phase lag between eye and chair as the frequency of the motion platform increased. Bilateral labyrinthectomy or prolonged dosage with streptomycin was found to nearly abolish the counterroll reflex. Unilateral damage to the vestibular system resulted in a decrease in the amplitude ratio of the eye-to-chair motion by approximately 50% 1 month after surgery. PMID- 809035 TI - Discrimination of individuals by scent in a primate. PMID- 809036 TI - Pathways in thymus- and bone marrow-derived lymphatic leukemia in mice. AB - The radiation- and radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemias in C57BL/6 strain mice were found to be of the thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte origin. Experimental evidence indicated that the interaction of the radiation leukemia virus with thymus-derived lymphoid cells and specifically with the thymus subpopulation bearing high levels of H-2 alloantigens were prerequisites for the development of high leukemia incidence in these test systems. In radiation leukemogenesis in C57BL/6 mice it was shown that within several days following the radiation treatment a "released" leukemogenic agent was found in the irradiated bone marrow; whereas, several days following chemical carcinogen leukemogenesis in SJL/J mice, established preleukemic or leukemic cells could be detected in the bone marrow. The analysis concerned with the lymphoid origin of chemical carcinogen-induced lymphatic leukemias in SJL/J mice indicated clearly that the carcinogen could affect different lymphoid populations. The majority of the chemical-induced leukemias were of the bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocyte origin, although some leukemias were of T lymphocyte origin, and some tumors could not be classified as either T or B leukemias, perhaps representing stem cells which do not carry the characteristic surface antigens for mature T and B cells. PMID- 809037 TI - Possible ways viral leukemia spreads among the hamadryas baboons of the Sukhumi monkey colony. AB - Leukemia virus transmission was studied during an outbreak of leukemia among the baboons of the Sukhumi monkey colony. First, the possibility of "vertical" transmission of the virus was examined, as the Papio stock in Sukhumi was genetically homogeneous. "Vertical" transmission of the virus from a common ancestor seems unlikely, since cases of leukemia were registered in animals descending from different families. However, there were cases of innate leukemia, when babies born from leukemic parents displayed pronounced signs of leukemia immediately after birth. "Horizontal" transmission of the virus also seems indisputable, because special experiments have shown that imported baboons, even of other species, caged together with leukemic animals, may develop leukemia due to close contact. It was established earlier that the leukemia virus was excreted with urine. Kidneys, lungs, and salivary glands are the possible routes of infection. Thus, the present report aknowledges the possibility of both "horizontal" and "vertical" transmission of leukemia oncornaviruses in primates. PMID- 809038 TI - New World monkeys and their oncogenic herpesviruses as models to study human viral neoplasia. PMID- 809039 TI - Determination of inorganic sulfate in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 809040 TI - Characterization of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides excreted in the urine of GMl-gangliosidosis patients. PMID- 809041 TI - Reimposition of heat-resistant on germinated spores of Bacillus cereus by osmotic manipulation. PMID- 809042 TI - Binding and oxidation-reduction of monoamine oxidase-type 8alpha-(S-peptidyl) flavins with Azotobacter (Shethna) flavodoxin. PMID- 809043 TI - Transfer to progeny of both DNA strands of phage 2C. PMID- 809044 TI - [Hydroxylation of glibenclamide by liver biopsy specimens]. AB - A method for measuring hydroxylation rates of the oral antidiabetic agent glibenclamide (Euglucon) by liver biopsy specimens is described. After incubation of the material in a buffer system, containing glibenclamide-14-C, the supernatant is extracted with organic solvent. The extract is condensed and the radioactivity of the spots after thin-layer chromatography is measured. A linear relationship between incubation time and hydroxylation rates could be demonstrated. Equal amounts of the two metabolites, 4-trans- and 3-cis-hydroxy cyclohexyl-glibenclamide were formed. PMID- 809045 TI - [Effect of the combination of 5-methylquinolin-8-ol, 7-bromo-5-methylquinolin-8 ol and 5-methylquinolin-8-ol-dodecylsulfate on the intestinal flora of healthy subjects]. AB - The influence of a combination of 5-methyl-quinolin-8-ol, 7-bromo-5-methyl quinolin-8-ol with 5-methyl-quinolin-8-ol-dodecylsulfate on the composition of intestinal bacteria of healthy adults has been examined. The composition of normal anaerobic and aerobic intestinal bacteria practically showed no change. PMID- 809047 TI - [Rehabilitation at long term of cardiac patients]. PMID- 809046 TI - [The effect of an antihypertensive drug during psychological stress. A double blind study]. AB - A sample of 20 patients suffering hypertension (with a moderate rise in blood pressure) was randomly divided into two treatment groups of equal size. The patients of one group received antihypertension treatment with the combination drug Briserin? (containing 0.1 mg reserpine, 5 mg clopamide, 0.5 mg dihydroergocristin/per tablet); the other patients who served as control group, received a matched placebo. After a fortnight's treatment, the responsiveness of both groups to five different psychologically stressing situations (those with cognitive and/or emotional overload) was tested. Analysis of covariance revealed clinically significant differences in the mean systolic and diastolic pressure scores of the two groups. The scores of the treatment group were lower not only under stress but also at rest. There was in interaction between rise of blood pressure under stress and kind of stress in the two groups, i.e., in situations with heavy emotional and/or cognitive load the differences in the pressure scores of the two groups were less substantial than in situations with a low or medium load. The treatment had no systematic effect on heart rate in this sample. In the treatment group reaction time, perceptual speed, and short-term memory were impaired as compared with the control group; but these differences did not reach a level of significance. PMID- 809048 TI - Effect of age and parity upon the uptake of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-9 14C by mammary parenchymal cells of the rat. AB - The radioactivity of the parenchymal cell intracellular lipid obtained from 200 day old multiparous animals was significantly less than that of both 50- and 200 day old virgin rats at all time intervals. Furthermore, the parenchymal cell dry, fat-free tissue of the multiparous animals ocntained significantly less DMBA-9 14C than this fraction obtained from young or old virgin rats. Since there was a decrease in both the uptake and binding of DMBA-9-14C by the mammary parenchymal cells of multiparous animals, it would appear that factors associated with pregnancy and/or lactation result in an altered susceptibility of the parenchymal cell to this carcinogen. Binding of DMBA-9-14C by parenchymal cells of old virgin rats was significantly less than that of younger animals at 3 and 6 h post feeding but did not differ statistically at the later time intervals. The possibility exists that neoplastic transformation may require the interaction between high levels of DMBA and the constitutents of the mammary parenchymal cells for extended periods of time. Therefore, the decreased exposure of the cellular constituents to DMBA could account for the decrease in mammary cancer incidence observed in older rats. PMID- 809049 TI - Fresh explant culture of human tumours in vitro and the assessment of sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy. AB - Ninety-seven fresh explants of human tumours have been cultured in vitro in an attempt to predict their sensitivity to subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy. Only 3/26 solid ovarian tumours were cultured successfully although 12 of the 23 which failed to grow proved later to have benign histology. Of 10 solid tumours from other sites, only 2/4 renal tumours and one melanoma were successfully grown and tested in vitro. A higher success rate was achieved in culturing carcinoma cells of ovarian (10/22) and breast (10/22) origin from ascitic and pleural fluids. Using increase in cell number after 7 days' growth in vitro as the biological end point, concentrations of cytotoxic drugs which are achievable in patients produced significant effects on some tumour explants. Detailed studies of serial subcultures in vitro from an ovarian tumour showed that large changes in chemosensitivity occur within about 2 passages, in vitro, so that sensitivity testing can only be carried out using fresh explants or their first subcultures if any possible correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and in situ response is to be studied. Clinical effectiveness and in vitro chemosensitivity are compared for a limited number of patients with ovarian and breast carcinomata for whom follow-up information was available; no useful correlation was found. PMID- 809034 TI - Bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 809050 TI - Responses of an experimental solid tumour to irradiation: A comparison of modes of fractionation. AB - Several radiotherapeutic schedules compatible with continued structural functional integrity of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa were compared utilizing the P815X2 murine mastocytoma grown as a solid subcutaneous tumour. Both the tumour and underlying normal tissues were irradiated during the treatments. The tumour exhibited a Do that increased from 210 rad to 397 rad as the tumour aged and in all instances demonstrated minimal shoulders in survival curves. In spite of a relative radioresistance of cells within the solid tumour, quite effective control of localized disease could be accomplished with radiotherapy schemes compatible with GI tolerance limits. Schedules evaluated utilizing this model included acute exposures to 1122 rad, daily exposure to 187 rad, 5 days/week exposures to 281 rad, twice weekly exposures (561 rad on Mondays and 374 rad on Thursdays) and a high dose, two fractions per day, schedule. Tumours were followed for changes in growth patterns during these schedules. Efficacy of tumour control was determined and schedules were compared on this basis. Aggressive radiotherapy approaching the tolerance limits of any of the fractionation schemes proved most effective. PMID- 809052 TI - Physiological and environmental control of Gram negative bacteria on skin. AB - The relative importance of the environment versus the physiology of the host in the control of Gram negative bacteria on skin has been examined by two experimental designs. (I) The changes in incidence of Gram negative carriage from three skin sites in a climate controlled chamber at 35 degrees C and 90% humidity for 64 h were determined. Following 2 weeks of tetracycline treatment the above experiment was repeated. High temperatures and humidity increased the overall frequency of isolation of Gram negative bacteria although there were individual differences. This effect was reversed 24 h after a return to the natural environment. Tetracycline inhibited the increase in isolation of Gram negative organisms in six subjects, enhanced it in three and had no effect on one subject. Gram negative populations were less than 10 colony forming units/cm2 of skin in most instances but ranged up to 10,000/cm2 skin. No residual effect occurred after return to natural environment and at no time was there a loss of normal flora. (2) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated on normal skin of ten volunteers and survival determined during a 24 h period. Viability was lost between 2 and 6 h on most subjects as compared to 24 h or longer for K. Pneumoniae and P. vulgaris on an inert surface and between 8 and 24 h for Ps. aeruginosa. It was concluded that extremes of environment can affect Gram negative skin carriage but under normal conditions in healthy individuals there is evidence of physiological control of Gram negative flora. PMID- 809051 TI - Replication of influenza virus in organ cultures of human and simian urogenital tissues and human foetal tissues. AB - A survey of human adult tissues in organ cultures showed that influenza viruses (A/Moscow/1019/65 (h2n2) or a recombinant virus virulent for man (PR/8 A/England/939/69 Clone 7a(H3N2)) could infect uterus, bladder and conjunctiva but not oesophagus under the conditions employed; simian bladder and uterus were also susceptible. These results were similar to those already described for corresponding ferret tissues. Organ cultures of human foetal nasal mucosa, trachea, oesophagus, small and large intestine, and bladder consistently supported replication over 4 days or more with high virus yields. Lung, conjunctiva and umbilical cord were less consistently susceptible and gave lower yields. Placenta and kidney cultures allowed replication of virus in one of 8 and one of 4 experiments respectively, the yields being low and of short duration. Organ cultures of neural tissue (meninges and brain), lymphopoietic tissue (spleen, liver and thymus) and amnion did not support significant viral replication. The results are discussed in relation to possible infection of the foetus in utero with influenza virus. PMID- 809053 TI - Allophycocyanin from the filamentous cyanophyte, Phormidium luridum. AB - Allophycocyanin from the filamentous cyanophyte, Phormidium luridum, was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange chromatography on brushite columns. The specific absorption coefficient (E 0.1% 1cm) of purified allophycocyanin was 6.1 in distilled water and 7.3 in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7). Absorption maxima of allophycocyanin occurred at 650, 618 (shoulder), 350, and 275 nm. Circular dichroic spectra displayed positive ellipticity bands at 655 and 625 nm, and a major negative ellipticity band at 340 nm. Computer analysis of the circular dichroic spectrum of allophycocyanin from 207 to 243 nm indicated that the secondary structure contained 60% alpha helix and 40% beta form. The estimated molecular weight of allophycocyanin on Sephadex G-200 columns at pH 7.0 was 155,000. Electrophoretic examination of allophycocyanin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels revealed two subunits, alpha and beta, with apparent molecular weights of 17,300 and 19,000, respectively. Densitometric analysis of unstained gels at 600 nm indicated that one phycocyanobilin chromophore was associated with each subunit. Treatment of allophycocyanin with 12% formic acid or 8 M urea and subsequent removal of the denaturant yielded a derivative with spectroscopic characteristics similar to phycocyanin. Subsequent incubation in phosphate buffer (pH 7), but not in acetate buffer (pH 5) or in water, was accompanied by a progressive reappearance of absorption maxima at 650 and 618 nm (shoulder), and positive ellipticity bands at 655 and 617 nm. Automated sequence analysis of allophycocyanin (a) showed that the sequence of amino acids at the amino terminus of the alpha and beta subunits is different, (b) showed that the subunits occur in a ratio of 1:1, and (c) demonstrated sequence homology at the amino terminus of allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin. PMID- 809054 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the copper binding sites of blue copper proteins: oxidized, reduced, and apoplastocyanin. AB - Proton nuclear resonance spectra at 250 MHz of plastocyanins from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and a blue green alga (Anabaena variabilis) are reported. Spectra of the reduced plastocyanins contain well-resolved peaks from slowly exchangeable N-H, histidine C2-H tyrosine ring, peptide alpha-CH, and high-field protons. The widths of these peaks indicate that the plastocyanins are monomeric. When the plastocyanins are oxidized, several changes in the spectra are observed including disappearance of peaks assigned to two histidine side chains. The pKa' values of the two histidine residues of reduced spinach plastocyanin are abnormally low (4.9 and less than 4.5). These pKa' values become more normal in apoplastocyanin or plastocyanin inhibited by cyanide. The results suggest that the imidazole groups of the two histidine residues are liganded directly to the copper in plastocyanin. The displacement of copper by cyanide is reversed at low pH. Spectra of apo- and reduced plastocyanins show only minor differences. However, the slowly exchangeable protons of plastocyanin exchange more rapidly in the apoprotein. Copper binding apparently does not cause a major reorganization of the protein structure, but the presence of copper does stabilize this structure. PMID- 809055 TI - Cytoplasmic microtubule proteins of the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have been able to purify, in bulk, the cytoplasmic microtubule proteins of eggs and embryos of Drosophila melanogaster by means of in vitro self-assembly of microtubules from subunits present in a high-speed supernatant fraction of eggs or embryos. This provides the first successful application of this method to purification of microtubule protein from a source other than vertebrate brain, and the first purification of insect microtubule proteins. Our electron micrographs show that the in vitro assembled microtubules are morphologically typical and apparently are comprised of the expected 13 protofilaments. The protein we obtain from such preparations binds [3H]colchicine and has a sedimentation value of 6.4 S-6.9 S which is close to the predicted value for microtubule protein dimer. Both alpha- and beta-microtubule proteins are evident in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electropherograms of the isolated proteins. The apparent molecular weights of these species on dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels are 54,000 and 52,000, respectively. These values as well as the amino acid composition and N-terminal methionine of the Drosophilia proteins are very closely comparable to microtubule proteins from other, unrelated organisms. PMID- 809057 TI - Immunochemical demonstration of increased accumulation of ornithine carboxylase in rat liver after partial hepatectomy and growth hormone induction. AB - Antiserum against ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) was prepared in rabbits using purified ornithine decarboxylase from rat liver as the antigen. Immunoglobulins from the immune sera were covalently coupled to agarose by cyanogen bromide activation. With the aid of this immunoadsorbent against the enzyme it has been shown that following partial hepatectomy and growth hormone administration, the ornithine decarboxylase activity is elevated concomitantly with the increase in the immunoreactive enzyme protein. In addition, the rapid decay in ornithine decarboxylase activity in regenerating rat liver after cycloheximide injection is accompanied by a decrease in the immunoreactive protein. These results suggest that the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in rat liver is regulated through rapid changes in de novo synthesis and degradation of the enzyme protein. PMID- 809056 TI - Delipidation of the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from beef liver by detergents. AB - 1. A method is described to introduce [14C] phosphatidylcholine into the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from beef liver. The effects of various detergents on this 14C-labelled phospholipid - protein complex are considered. 2. As shown by spectrophotometric and radioactivity analysis of polyacrylamide gels, sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100, lysophosphatidylcholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate delipidate the exchange protein, while mixed phosphatidylcholine detergents micelles are formed. 3. Protein delipidated by sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100 and lysophosphatidylcholine retains its ability to catalyze the transfer of phosphatidylcholine between membranes. The immunological properties are similar to those of native protein as shown by double immunodiffusion in agar against an antiserum gamma-globulin fraction. 4. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide interact very strongly with the protein conferring their charge to the complex and destroying the antigenic determinants. PMID- 809058 TI - Isolation of coliphage lambda ghosts able to adsorb onto bacterial cells. AB - We have examined three methods of lambda ghost production, starting with the [3H]leucine-labelled phage, purified by CsCl density gradient sedimentation. Ghosts obtained by the osmotic shock or by incubation in 5 M LiCl do not adsorb on bacteria. Ghosts obtained by the treatment with the chelating agent EDTA and purified by CsCl density gradient sedimentation possess well preserved adsorption properties and are virtually free of DNA and infectious phage particles. PMID- 809059 TI - Iolation and charcterization of a DNA-binding non-histone protein from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Three proteins (A, B and C) that bind specifically to single-stranded DNA have been isolated from the eukaryotic organism Tetrahymena pyriformis. Their molecular weights are 47 000, 41 000 and 32 000. The amino acid composition of the A protein indicates that it is a non-histone protein and sucrose gradient centrifugation shows that it binds to bacteriophage M13 DNA and to oligo (dT)100 in a cooperative manner. The exonucleolytic degradation of oligo (dT)100 is prevented when it is bound to the A protein. The effect of A protein on the exonucleolytic reaction confirms the cooperative manner of binding of A protein binding to oligo (dT)100 and shows that this process may be prevented by high ionic strength. The A protein seems to be without enzymatic activity. PMID- 809060 TI - The characterization of Euglena gracilis DNA by its reassociation kinetics. AB - The reassociation kinetics of Euglena gracilis DNA were carried out to determine the Cot 1/2 of the unique DNA (2000). The Cot 1/2 of the unique DNA and the amount of DNA per cell were used to show that this alga is not polyploid. Three kinetically definable classes of DNA were observed: a highly repetitive fraction, a middle repetitive fraction, and a non-repetitive fraction. Each fraction of DNA was characterized by its melting properties (Tm). PMID- 809061 TI - Differences between the protein moieties of active subunits and EDTA-treated subunits of rat liver ribosomes with specific references to a 5 S rRNA - protein complex. AB - When active 40 S subunits of rat liver ribosomes were treated with EDTA, the conversion of 40 S subunits to 30 S subunits occurred with partial release of 13 kinds of proteins out of 29 kinds of 40 S proteins. Buy contrast, 60 S subunits completely lost one protein (L3) by EDTA-treatment with concomitant release of the fraction sedimenting at about 7 S (7 S fraction). It was found that the 7 S fraction contained 5 S ribosomal RNA as well as L3 protein having a molecular weight of 38,000. Buoyant density in CsCl of the 7 S fraction was 1.60 g/cm3, suggesting that this fraction consisted of RNA and protein at an approximately equal ratio on a weight basis. These findings, taken together with the molecular weights of 5 S rRNA (40,000) and L3 protein, may indicate that the 5 S ribosomal RNA - protein complex from rat liver 60 S subunits consists of one molecule of 5S ribosomal RNA and one molecule of L3 protein. PMID- 809062 TI - Electrophoretic and immunological properties of liver alpha-amylase of well-fed and fasted rats. AB - 1. Alpha-Amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) in the liver of well-fed rats showed a characteristic electrophoretic mobility between those of pancreatic and parotid amylases. Amylase in the liver of fasted rats showed an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of parotid amylase. When fasted rats were re-fed on a standard diet for two days the electrophoretic mobility of their liver amylase returned to that of the liver amylase of well-fed rats. 2. When purified rat pancreatic and parotid amylases were mixed with a final concentration of 4% glycogen solution, their electrophoretic mobilities both became similar to that of liver amylase of well-fed rats. The electrophoretic mobility of glycogen corresponded to that of liver amylase of well-fed rats. Since liver amylase of fasted rats has the same mobility as parotid amylase and serum contains only parotid-type amylase, these findings suggest that liver amylase of well-fed rats may be a complex of serum amylase and glycogen. 3. The antigenicities of the liver amylases of well-fed and fasted rats were the same as that of purified parotid amylase, but different from that of purified pancreatic amylase. Amylase in serum and urine, which had the same electrophoretic mobility as parotid amylase, had the same antigenicity as purified parotid amylase and the liver amylases of well-fed and fasted rats. PMID- 809063 TI - Excitation-contraction coupling: effects of "zero"-Ca2+ medium. AB - Frog sartorius muscles, exposed for up to 15--20 min to media containing ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) - N, N'-tetraacetic acid and thus having free Ca2+ concentration less than 10(-8) M, produce isometric contractions with basically normal but speedier latency relaxation and earliest tension development. The excitation-contraction coupling is thus also basically normal, but speedier evidently in respect to release of activator Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 809064 TI - Activation and inactivation of phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase during perfusion of rat liver as influenced by epinephrine, glucagon and hydrocortisone. AB - 1. The changes in phosphorylase activity and glycogen synthetase I (active form) activity during perfusion of rat liver were studied together with their responses to added epinephrine and glucagon. 2. Phosphorylase activity of the liver from fed or fasted rats fell rapidly during perfusion, regardless of whether the perfusate was added with glucose or not. The addition of epinephrine or glucagon at the start or at 60 min of perfusion caused a prompt restoration of the initial high activity. Both glycogen breakdown and glucose liberation proceeded in parallel with the changes in phosphorylase activity. 3. The I-form of glycogen synthetase in the liver from fed rats increased rapidly when the concentration of perfusate glucose was raised to near 10 mM. This increase was promptly prevented by the addition of epinephrine or glucagon. In contrast, glycogen synthetase of the liver from fasted rats responded to neither glucose nor epinephrine (or glucagon) during perfusion. 4. Phosphorylase in the liver of fasted, adrenalectomized rats did not respond to a low concentration of epinephrine (3 - 10(-8) M) or glucagon (5 - 10(-9) M), but was increased by higher concentrations of the hormones. The treatment of adrenalectomized rats with hydrocortisone restored the response of liver phosphorylase to the low concentrations of the hormones. Thus, glucocorticoid plays a "permissive" role by increasing the affinity of liver phosphorylase to epinephrine or glucagon. PMID- 809065 TI - Immunochemical analyses of membrane-bound complement. Detection of the terminal complement complex and its similarity to "intrinsic" erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - (1) Membranes of sheep erythrocytes lysed with antibody and human or rabbit complement were solubilized in non-ionic detergents (Triton X-100 or Berol EMU 043) and analysed immunochemically using antisera directed against individual complement components. The precipitation behaviour of membrane-bound C3, C5, C6 and C9 components of complement was examined by immuno-double diffusion, rocket- and crossed immunoelectrophoresis performed in agarose gels containing 1% non ionic detergent. (2) Membrane-bound C5, C6 and C9 are antigenically altered compared with the native (serum) components. (3) Immuno-double diffusion in the presence of non-ionic detergents reveals formation of C5-C6-C9 complexes on the membranes; these complexes are stable in non-ionic detergent. No complex formation was detected in serum between native C5, C6 and C9 components. There was also no evidence for complexing between membrane-bound C3, C4 or membrane proteins and the "late-reacting" complement components. (4) The extractability of complement components by various manipulations has been studied by use of quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Up to 65% of membrane-bound C3 is readily extracted by dialysis of membranes against 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0, 100 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, 1.2 NaCl plus or minus EDTA, by extraction in isotonic buffers at 37 degrees C, by heating at 45 degrees C over several hours, or by treating membranes with 1 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate sulfonate. In contrast, less than 6% of the terminal complement complex can be eluted by any of the described methods or combination of methods. (5) Our data suggest that the terminal complement complex associates with membrane "core" components through apolar interactions. PMID- 809066 TI - [Effect of temperature on the dark reduction of photooxidized bacteriochlorophyll P870 in Rhodospirillum rubrum photosynthetic bacteria]. PMID- 809067 TI - Progress in the classification of lymphoid and/or monocytoid leukemias and of lympho and reticulosarcomas (non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). AB - New methods helpful in the classification of lymphoid and monocytoid leukaemias and haematosarcomas have recently become available. Among the most valuable procedures have been those detecting immunological markers and the ultrastructural analysis permitted by convention and scanning electron microscopy. The results of these studies, taken together with a meticulous morphologic examination on Giemsa smears allow a more subtle classification on these neoplasias. Among the most interesting points, one can list: a) The observation that all the prognostic parameters in the four types of common acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) (prolymphocytic, microlymphoblastic, macrolymphoblastic, prolymphoblastic) such as age, tumour mass (or leucocytosis) are related to the cytological type; T marker may be found in all these types, except in the prolymphoblastic; b) T or B acute lymphoid immunoblastic leukaemias has been described as a fifth type of ALL; c) The lymphosarcomas which can be histologically nodular (composed of B cells) or diffuse (composed of cells presenting B, T or no markers) can be cytologically prolymphocytic or lymphoblastic (or lymphoblastoid) if they are nodular, prolymphocytic, lymphoblastic or immunoblastic if they are diffuse; true (African) Burkitt's lymphosarcomas (BLS) must be distinguished from all the pseudo (non-African) Burkitt's lymphosarcomas which have been described elsewhere and which are either immunoblastic or lymphoblastic (oid) lymphosarcomas with a few macrophages. d) The diagnosis of reticulosarcoma which was in the past abusively carried out (because of confusion with immunoblastic lymphosarcoma) is based on the presence of many reticulins fibers at histological examination and on the cytological aspect of the cells on smears (the distinction of those cells with immunoblasts is easy). PMID- 809068 TI - Calcitonin treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Evaluation of efficacy by principal components analysis. AB - The efficacy of long term treatment of senile osteoporosis by low doses of calcitonin was established using five parameters of calcium kinetics and a quantitative pain scale. Under treatment the calcium balance improved, due predominantly to a decrease in bone resorption associated with an increase in bone accretion and intestinal absorption of calcium. In addition, the hormone had a marked analgesic effect, which increased with the length of the treatment. Principal components analysis enables to establish the value of a therapeutic agent for the management of a progressive disease with period of regression like osteoporosis, for which the eficacy of previously advocated treatments had never been proven. PMID- 809069 TI - Immunological overshoot phenomenon following cancer chemotherapy: significance in prognosis evaluation of solid tumors. AB - Immunological function was studied in 48 patients before, during and after cancer treatment, using cutaneous tests, spontaneous rosettes test and the PHA and PWM lymphocyte stimulation tests. Chemotherapeutic drugs were used individually or in combination for 5 days a month and were preceeded by a cellular synchronization using Vincristine (1 mg/m2/day). When treatment was discontinued, we observed in 30 patients increased rates of spontaneous rosettes and of thymidine uptake. We noticed in several cases that the cutaneous tests became positive even if they were negative before and during treatment. The I.O.P. appeared 5 days after chemotherapy was discontinued and lasted 8 to 12 days. The topography of the neoplasm had no influence on the I.O.P. Failure to manifest I.O.P. is not indicative of a negative response of the tumor to chemotherapy (9 positive responses to chemotherapy out of 18 patients without I.O.P.) But the I.O.P. was a fairly constant feature in patients with positive response to chemotherapy and with favorable prognosis (28/30). PMID- 809070 TI - Ultrastructure of acid- and enzyme-modified cross-linked potato starch. PMID- 809071 TI - Immunoglobulin D myeloma and amyloidosis: immunochemical and structural studies of Bence Jones and amyloid fibrillar proteins. AB - Urinary Bence Jones protein and amyloid fibril protein isolated from the subcutaneous tissue of a patient with IgD myeloma and associated amyloidosis were subjected to physicochemical and immunochemical identification. Peptide maps and amino-terminal tetrapeptide composition obtained from the two proteins were comparable. Immunochemical cross-reactivity between the two proteins, with other lambda-type amyloid and Bence Jones proteins, and with a serum component was demonstrated. The results suggest that the source of the amyloid fibril protein is an intact circulating light polypeptide chain as well as smaller amino terminal fragments. PMID- 809072 TI - Bovine factor v: a calcium-containing metalloprotein. AB - Although coagulation factor Xa requires Ca2+ for binding to phospholipid, factor V, the other protein component in the prothrombinase enzyme complex, binds tightly to phospholipid in the absence of Ca2+. To explore the possibility that calcium might be present in the fact V molecule, the effect of several chelators, including oxalate, citrate, pyrophosphate, and EDTA, on factor V activity has been studied. A time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of factor V which reflects the respective association constants for calcium of each chelator is observed. The inhibition can be prevented by the prior addition of calcium and manganese but not magnesium. Reversal of the activity loss can be accomplished at high protein concentrations by the addition of calcium, the removal of the chelator by gel filtration, or an increase in temperature. Factor V contains 1 g atom of calcium per 300,000 daltons which is not removed by incubation with EDTA under nondenaturing conditions. Thus, the inhibition by EDTA is due to binding to calcium associated with factor V. In 8 M urea, EDTA can remove over 80% of the calcium, demonstrating the importance of the native structure in maintaining the calcium binding site. Prior binding of phospholipids to factor V prevents inhibition by EDTA. The results suggest that phospholipids complex at the calcium site on the factor V metallopretein. PMID- 809074 TI - Preliminary observations on the effects on the organs of mice of administering some carbamate pesticides. AB - Two pesticides, Karbatox 75 and Unden, were used for the investigation, in daily doses of 20 mg per kg body weight, injected intraperitoneally during a period of 20 days. A comparatively low toxicity of these compounds for mice was ascertained. Among morphological changes were found: hypertrophy of the intestinal epithelium, a decrease in size of liver cells and a significant increase in number of Gomori-positive glia cells, as well as an increase in the volume of cell nuclei in the neurosecretory neurocytes of hypothalamus. PMID- 809073 TI - Evidence of tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in Aroclor 1254r, and the urine of rats following dietary exposure to Aroclor 1254. PMID- 809075 TI - Metabolic fate of 3H 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in infant nonhuman primates. PMID- 809076 TI - Acute toxicity of the insecticides toxaphene and carbaryl and the herbicides propanil and molinate to four species of aquatic organisms. PMID- 809077 TI - The influence of EDTA on the mortality and burrowing activity of the clam (Venerupis decussata) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of copper. PMID- 809078 TI - On the diversity of products obtained during synthesis of polychlorobiphenyls by the Van Roosmalen procedure. PMID- 809079 TI - Cardiovascular depressant effects of neomycin and gentamicin in rhesus monkeys. AB - 1. The acute cardiovascular effects of neomycin and gentamicin, representative aminoglycoside antibiotics, were examined in surgically-prepared anaesthetized rhesus monkeys. 2. Intravenous administration of 14, 28, and 56 mg/kg of neomycin consistently induced a dose-dependent depression of systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular contractile force, maximum dF/dt of left ventricular contraction, and heart rate. Neomycin produced similar cardiovascular depressant effects when heart rate was maintained constant by electrical pacing. 3. Maximum depression of haemodynamic values usually occurred within 2 to 5 min after injection of neomycin; values then gradually returned to control levels within 20 to 30 (14 mg/kg) or 60 to 80 (56 mg/kg) minutes. 4. Injection of CaCl2 (1.35 mEq Ca2+/kg, i.v.) during the peak depressant effect of neomycin produced a rapid and maintained restoration of cardiovascular function to control levels; conversely, noradrenaline (2 mug, i.v.) of isoprenaline (0.5 mug, i.v.) produced only transient reversal of the neomycin effects. 5. Similar evidence of cardiovascular dysfunction was observed with gentamicin. 6. These findings demonstrate the direct cardiovascular depressant effects of aminoglycoside natibiotics in a higher primate species, and suggest that this adverse response is related to an alteration of calcium ion function. PMID- 809080 TI - Ossification in extradural fat in Paget's disease of the spine. AB - A case of cauda equina compression by ossification in extradural fat at a level above the site of Paget's disease in a vertebra is described. Good recovery followed laminectomy and exposure of the dura mater. PMID- 809081 TI - Abdominal tuberculosis: demonstration of tubercle bacilli in tissues and experimental production of hyperplastic enteric lesions. AB - Material obtained from 35 cases of abdominal tuberculosis waps studied and an attempt was made to demonstrate tubercle bacilli by special staining of histological sections, culture and guinea-pig inoculation. Acid fast bacilli could be demonstrated in 80 per cent of cases. The remaining cases were also possibly due to tuberculous infection because granulomas with Langhans's type of giant cells and caseation or calcification of lymph nodes were present. The bacilli were demonstrated in bowel tissue showing non-specific histology in 1 case. In 2 other cases with non-specific lesions in the bowel the bacilli were demonstrated in lymph nodes. Guinea-pig inoculation studies showed that hypertrophic lesions of the bowel with a non-specific type of reaction could develop after intraperitoneal injection of tubercular material. Although it cannot be said on the basis of this study that Crohn's disease is caused by tuberculous infection, it can be concluded that tuberculous infection can give rise to a Crohn's type of lesion. PMID- 809082 TI - Recent advances in work on fluorides and the teeth. PMID- 809084 TI - Letter: Asymptomatic urethral gonorrhoea in men. PMID- 809083 TI - Effect of lithium on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in patients with affective disorders. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (H.P.T.) function was assessed in 17 patients on maintenance doses of lithium carbonate for a mean period of 21 months (range 1-67 months) and by serial studies on four patients from the start of lithium treatment for a maximum of six months. An exaggerated thyrotrophin (TSH) response to intravenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) occurred in 14 of the 17 patients on maintenance treatment, though basal TSH levels were raised in only three. Two of the three patients were clinically and biochemically hypothyroid and showed a delayed recovery of normal H.P.T. function after lithium was stopped. There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone or basal TSH levels between the euthyroid lithium-treated. PMID- 809085 TI - Haemolytic anaemia due to penicillin. PMID- 809086 TI - Pseudomonas infection associated with contamination of wick-type air freshener. PMID- 809087 TI - Letter: Cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 809088 TI - Letter: Estimation of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 809089 TI - Letter: Imaging in radiology. PMID- 809090 TI - Bacillus cereus intoxication followed by periorbital oedema. PMID- 809091 TI - Letter: Diazepam withdrawal fits. PMID- 809093 TI - Hemispheric differences in the brains of great apes. AB - Asymmetries are found in the cerebral hemispheres of some great apes, particularly in the orangutan, that are similar to those seen in man. Studies in the orangutan might be more likely to help in understanding the evolution of handedness or language than studies in chimpanzees. PMID- 809092 TI - The brain and intelligence. AB - A measure of brain development is proposed which might correlate with intelligence. The neocortex/medulla volume is given for many species of primate, and it is found that this measure correlates with a measure of responsiveness to novel objects, and with performance on visual discrimination learning set. It is shown that cranial capacity/foramen magnum area is closely related to brain/medulla volume, and may therefore be used as a related measure with fossil species. PMID- 809094 TI - Correlation of receptive field properties of monkey LGN cells with the conduction velocity of retinal afferent input. PMID- 809095 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in neurons and glia of hamster cerebellum. PMID- 809096 TI - Delayed matching after selective prefrontal lesions in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Rhesus monkeys with bilateral lesions of either dorsal or ventral prefrontal cortex were tested on delayed matching for colours. The animals with dorsal frontal lesions performed as well after the operation as before, whereas those with ventral frontal lesions were severely impaired even at the shortest delay. However, the animals with dorsal frontal lesions failed to learn delayed spatial alternation. The results support the view that the monkeys with dorsal frontal lesions have an impairment in memory for spatial cues or their own movements in space. PMID- 809097 TI - An efferent connection of the solitary cells of Meynert. A study with horseradish peroxidase in the marmoset Callithrix. PMID- 809098 TI - Certain connections of the visual cortex of the monkey shown by the use of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 809099 TI - An electron microscopic study of retrograde and orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey. PMID- 809100 TI - Rod and cone sensitivity in destriate monkeys. AB - Photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity of rhesus monkeys was determined before and after complete removal of the striate cortex. The monkeys were required to choose between a white and a series of monochromatic stimuli distributed throughout the visible spectrum. A modified method of limits was used to determine the psychophysical point of subjective equality at which the colored and white lights were perceived as being equally bright. The preoperative results indicated that the method of testing was appropriate to determine spectral sensitivity since the curves obtained compared favorably to the theoretical sensitivity curves. Postoperatively, the scotopic sensitivity curve was normal whereas the photopic curve was completely displaced towards the scotopic curve. The results as indicating that cone information is processed by the geniculo striate visual system whereas the extra-striate structures receive their input mainly from the rod receptors of the retina. PMID- 809101 TI - Intermanual transfer in the monkey as a function of amount of callosal sparing. AB - The effects of commissure section, task difficulty and overtraining on the intermanual transfer of tactile learning have been examined. Twenty-one rhesus monkeys were allocated to 4 groups. One group was subjected to complete transection of the corpus callosum, massa intermedia and posterior commissure. Some of this group also sustained a cerebellar section. A second group received a similar division of the commissures but with part of the posterior body of the corpus callosum left intact. A third group received similar division of the commissures but with the posterior commissure left intact. The fourth group formed an unoperated control group. Animals with only the posterior commissure left intact showed little or no transfer. Animals with partial callosal lesions showed significantly greater transfer than animals with total transections, but were impaired relative to the unoperated controls. Estimates have been made of the number of callosal fibres left intact in the animals with partial callosal lesions. These estimates have been correlated with transfer. The correlation was significant on only one task. Neither task difficulty nor overtraining were found to affect transfer significantly. The comparison of transfer of the submodalities of size and roughness was inconclusive. PMID- 809102 TI - Ontogeny of multiple forms of monoamine oxidase in mouse brain. AB - MAO activities in mouse brain responsible for deamination of serotonin (5-HT) and p-dimethylaminobenzylamine (DAB) were found to follow different postnatal developmental patterns. MAO activity which deaminated 5-HT reached adult levels 15 days after birth. At this age the capacity of brain to deaminate DAB was only 50% of adult levels and did not develop fully until after the 45th postnatal day. Inhibitor studies with Deprenil and clorgyline indicated that the deamination of the two substrates was due to different forms of MAO and that these forms were similar to type A and type B MAO described previously in rat brain. PMID- 809103 TI - Influence of electrical stimulation of posterior orbital cortex upon plasma cortisol levels in unanesthetized sub-human primate. PMID- 809104 TI - The effect of postcentral cortical lesions on motor responses to sudden upper limb displacements in monkeys. PMID- 809105 TI - Thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) regulation of rotation in the non-lesioned rat. PMID- 809106 TI - 'Barrel rotation' induced by somatostatin in the non-lesioned rat. PMID- 809107 TI - Mode of termination of retinotectal fibers in macaque monkey: an autoradiographic study. AB - The distribution of retinotectal projections was studied in 4 macaque monkeys by examining the tectum autoradiographically 3-21 days after eye injection with radioactive proline or a proline-fucose mixture. Contrary to previous reports the optic fibers project to all regions of the tectum including a relatively sparse but nevertheless very clear projection to the anterolateral one-third, where the fovea is represented. Here the terminals were distributed within the superficial grey layer of the tectum at a depth extending from about 50 mum to 125 mum and in a patchy fashion, with a tendency to aggregation in clumps 0.1-0.5 mm wide from one or other eye. Further posteromedially, corresponding to more peripheral retinal regions, the input from the contralateral eye became more continuous superficially, with tongues extending more deeply in the superficial grey, apparently enclosing clumps of ipsilateral terminals. These deeper ipsilateral clumps occupied a rather well defined layer extending in depth from about 100 mum to about 175 mum. Still further posteromedially, in the temporal crescent representation, only the continuously distributed label from the contralateral eye was found. Continuous label was also seen in the optic disc region on the ipsilateral side; on the corresponding area contralaterally, label was absent. Both ipsilaterally and contralaterally, the pattern of input was roughly symmetrical about the representation of the horizontal meridian, which ran from anterolateral to posteromedial. The regional aggregations of input from one or other eye were to some extent reflected physiologically in a regional variation in eye dominance, though this was perhaps less than might have been expected from the marked heterogeneity of the inputs. PMID- 809108 TI - An autoradiographic study of the retino-cortical projections in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). PMID- 809109 TI - Extrageniculate projections to layers VI and I of striate cortex (area 17) in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 809110 TI - Response characteristics of single cells in squirrel monkey frontal cortex. PMID- 809111 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in delayed brain swelling following x-irradiation of the right occipital lobe in the monkey. AB - Four to 5 months after exposure of the right occipital lobe of the monkey to 3500 rads of X-irradiation there is a proliferative and degenerative lesion accompanied by a massive break in the blood-brain barrier. The resulting vasogenic edema causes gross swelling in the ipsilateral hemisphere, compression of the contralateral hemisphere with ventricular dilatation, and distortion of midline structures, which may result in herniation through the incisura and foramen magnum. The regional cerebral blood flow, determined by [14C]antipyrine method, at successive stages in the development and resolution of the delayed brain swelling shows a reduction of blood flow in white and gray matter, first regionally, then throughout the ipsilateral hemisphere and finally throughout the brain. This is accompanied by an increase in CSF pressure, CSF lactic dehydrogenase and total protein, and clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure. With resolution of CSF pressure, there is a return to baseline of CSF chemistry and partial resolution of the other parameters. The cerebral blood flow shows a greater recovery in gray than white matter, but there remains a diffuse depression suggesting a long-term impairment in cellular metabolism and/or blood flow regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 809112 TI - Cinguloseptal projections in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 809113 TI - Transneuronal transport of tritiated fucose and proline in the visual pathways of tree shrew Tupaia glis. PMID- 809114 TI - A dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in anterior limbic cortex and mesolimbic region of primate brain. PMID- 809115 TI - Peroxidase labeled subcortical afferents to pulvinar in rhesus monkey. PMID- 809116 TI - Firing patterns of epileptic and normal neurons in the chronic alumina focus in undrugged monkeys during different behavioral states. PMID- 809117 TI - Attenuation of pain reactivity by caudate nucleus stimulation in monkeys. AB - The effect of caudate nucleus stimulation on reactivity to painful stimuli was investigated in Macaca speciosa monkeys chronically implanted with electrodes in the right caudate nucleus. The force with which subjects escaped from electrocutaneous leg shock was used as a measure of pain reactivity and was decreased by caudate stimulation. Escape threshold and latencies were not influenced by the brain stimulation. Decreased escape force was obtained only when 50 msec trains of caudate stimulation preceded 20 msec trains of leg shock by 0-100 msec. Pain reactivity was not affected if brain stimulation followed leg shock or if leg shock followed brain stimulation by more than 100 msec. Intershock response distributions indcated that direct motor inhibition was not responsible for the depression of escape force, and the effectiveness of a restricted range of caudate-leg stimulation intervals ruled out generalized effects on arousal. The results indicate that the effect of caudate stimulation is to reduce the affective components of pain elicited by noxious electrocutaneous stimuli. The time course of this caudate effect parallels that previously reported for the caudate-induced depression of evoked activity in the non-specific somatosensory projections of the reticular formation and thalamus. PMID- 809118 TI - The commissural fibre connections of the primary somatic sensory cortex. PMID- 809119 TI - Confirmation of the location of spinothalamic neurons in the cat and monkey by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 809120 TI - Relationship of neuronal discharges in the precentral gyrus of monkeys to the performance of arm movements. AB - Recordings have been made from 162 pyramidal tract neurones which discharged bursts of nerve impulses in characteristic temporal association with performances of a stereotyped motor task by monkeys. Clinical evaluation of the relationship between discharges of the neurones and free movement led to the view that each cell's firing was associated with a characteristic aspect of movement performance and the contraction of a particular group of muscles. Quantitative evaluation of these relationships led to the conclusion that coding of the recruitment of motor units to the movement task could have been conferred by the number of pyramidal tract neurones discharging to those motoneurone targets. A ramp of "recruitment" of pyramidal tract neurones preceded the development of a ramp of force by about 100 msec. This general conclusion was supported by the observations made in a single animal in which orderly discharge of precentral neurones in relation to a sterotyped movement performance was clearly evident. PMID- 809121 TI - [The influence of sodium pyruvate on the isolation sensitivity and on contamination of the Lowenstein-Jensen media (author's transl)]. PMID- 809122 TI - Utilization of calcium pools during pharmaco or electromechanical coupling in smooth muscle. AB - Isometric contraction of cat spleen capsule due to noradrenaline had a fast and a slow phase. These phases were due to a tightly and a loosely bound (or extracellular) pool of calcium, respectively. Depolarization due to high potassium caused mainly a reduction of the slow phase. In sodium-loaded spleen strips recovering from potassium deprivation, the sodium pump is electrogenic and the muscle cells are probably hyperpolarized. In this situation also the slow phase of noradrenaline response is reduced. It is concluded that both depolarization and hyperpolarization affect the utilization of loosely bound calcium and that tightly bound calcium may be released during 'pharmacomechanical coupling' in splenic smooth muscle. PMID- 809123 TI - The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to chloramphenicol. AB - A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was resistant to 400 mug/ml of chloramphenicol (CM), was isolated. The generation time of the resistant strain was the same in the presence or absence of CM and similar to that of the parent strain growing in the absence of chloramphenicol. Resistance is eliminated by treatment with acridine dyes, mitomycin C, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that resistance may be expressed by a plasmid. The resistant strain does not produce the pigment pyocyanine and the addition of pyocyanine to this strain eliminates the resistance factor. A strain sensitive to CM was isolated. This strain does not produce the enzyme acetyl CoA : chloramphenicol transacetylase whereas the resistant strain does. The sensitive strain accumulates 14C-CM at a greater rate and to a greater extent than the resistant strain grown in the presence of CM. The results suggest that the resistant strain inactivates CM by acetylation and, in.addition, develops a "permeability" barrier towards chloramphenicol. PMID- 809124 TI - Germination of Bacillus cereus endospores: a proposed role for heat shock and nucleosides. AB - Spores of Bacillus cereus T prepared in a glucose - yeast extract - salts broth germinated in L-alanine or more rapidly in L-alanine plus inosine or adenosine. The nucleosides alone were not germinative. Inosine was shown to produce no pregerminative changes in spores that prepared them for more rapid germination later in L-alanine. Experiments which measured the interaction of nucleosides, heat shock, and D-alanine on germination rates suggested that nucleosides may potentiate L-alanine-induced germination by causing discrimination against D alanine at the L-alanine binding site(s) in the spore. D-Alanine is germinative when used with inosine probably because of L-alanine formation by alanine racemase. Heat shock, a prerequisite to D-alanine plus inosine-induced germination, may facilitate entry of inosine into the spore in amounts needed to discriminate against D-alanine. PMID- 809125 TI - The effects of feedback on focal epileptic discharges in man. A preliminary report. AB - The history of the control of epileptic disturbances by conditioning techniques is reviewed. The preliminary results of a three year trial of feedback techniques in 13 epileptic patients are presented. Thirteen epileptic patients (age 2.5 leads to 39 mean, 15.1 years) with lateralized focal discharges in the EEG were given repeated trials of feedback, the focal discharges being used to trigger auditory and somatosensory stimuli. Dosages and serum levels of medication were unchanged throughout the experimental period. The number of epileptic spikes per 15 seconds was assessed by automatic trend analysis during 20 to 30 minute control, biofeedback and post-feedback epochs. On-going EEG activity was quantified by 8 channel frequency analysis over 10 second epochs. The patients made efforts to increase and decrease the number of spike discharges with and without feedback and the results of both triggered and random auditory, somatosensory, photic and combined stimulation were compared at various intervals over a period of up to three years. A marked reduction in the number of focal discharges was noted in eight (61.5%) patients during and immediately following the sessions. Intermittent biofeedback sessions were not associated with a serial reduction in the number of focal EEG discharges. There was a reduction in the number of clinical epileptic disturbances in six patients (46%) and possible reasons for this improvement are discussed. One patient suffered an increase in focal temporal lobe discharges during triggered and random auditory stimulation whereas there was a marked reduction in the number of discharges during minimal electrical stimulation of the contralateral arm. The need for careful assessment of each patient to determine appropriate feedback stimulation is stressed. One aim of this research has been to assess the feasibility of using miniature units for continuous feedback of focal discharges in epileptic patients. PMID- 809126 TI - Central mechanisms of tremor in some feline and primate models. AB - For several years our interest has been in a postural Parkinson-like tremor at 4 6/sec. which can be produced in the monkey by lesions of the central nervous system. We have also studied the effects of harmaline, a drug which evokes or intensifies the Parkinson-like tremor in lesioned animals and which also induces a fine, generalized tremor at 7-12/sec. in normal animals. The results obtained so far indicate that these two types of tremor are generated by two independent central mechanisms which do not require the integrity of peripheral feedback loops. The experimental Parkinson-like tremor is generated by a thalamo-cortical mechanism while the olivo-cerebellar system is responsible for the faster "physiological" tremor. Similar tremor mechanisms may be involved in some movement disorders in man. PMID- 809127 TI - Physiopathology of experimental Parkinsonism in the monkey. AB - Postural or Parkinson-like tremor, which results from the impairment of mechanisms which are predominantly lateralized in the brain, is most likely related to the combined impairment of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway and the corresponding rubro-olivo-cerebello-rubral loop (without excluding the possiblity that other nervous mechanisms interconnected with these structures may represent an alternative disturbance). The integrity of the internal division of the pallidum and the ventrolateral area of the thalamus and their efferent fibers as well as the motor cortex and certain of its cortico-subcortico-spinal pathways (Figures 1 and 2) is apparently an essential feature for the elaboration of the rhythmic bursts associated with the appearance of postural tremor. The integrity of the spinal sensory roots and the rubro-tegmentospinal tract is not a prerequisite for the expression of postural tremor, a condition which seems essential for the production of rigidity. The latter facts suggest that the disturbances which subserve these two types of motor impairment, often concomitantly present in Parkinsonism, partially involve the impairment of different mechanisms although the loss of the DA fibers originating in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum (Figure 1) appears to represent a disturbance common to both types of disorders. Bradykinesia which may be associated with an impairment of catecholamine metabolism (and more especially the neostriatal DA mechanisms) on both sides of the brain may also result from bilateral lesions of the pallidum or of its outflow corresponding, in the main, to the pallidothalamic fibers ending in the ventrolateral thalamus. The latter types of lesion most likely exclude the influence of the monoaminergic, cholinergic and gabaminergic activities normally originating in the striopallidal system and influencing the activity transmitted to other CNS mechanisms. Severe akinesia, however, apparently depends on more profound and generalized disturbances of brain monoamine metabolism with or without the involvement of other ill-defined mechanisms. At any rate the impairment of the brain DA mechanisms (and especially those of the neostriatum) seems to represent a major feature in the production of the Parkinsonian type of akinesia. Further work is needed to establish the relative importance of the loss of catecholaminergic mechanisms other than those of the neostriatum in the production of akinesia. PMID- 809128 TI - Roles of cerebellum and basal ganglia in initiation and control of movements. AB - Theories of function of the cerebellum and basal ganglia are examined in the light of recent experimental findings obtained with the local cooling method, and both are matched against clinical observations. Evidence is summarized for a programming and initiating role in monkeys' elbow movements of the lateral, and to a lesser degree, intermediate, cerebellum. Cooling either nuclei affected movements, but neither seemed to be important for precentral cortical unit discharge accompanying compensation for suddenly applied load pulses. The globus pallidus seemed to be importantly involved in movement guidance in the absence of vision. PMID- 809129 TI - Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions and in human patients with motor system disorders. AB - Central feedback pathways for motor control were studied by recording EMG responses to sudden upper limb displacements in humans and monkeys using a precision torque motor to generate step load changes. Normal human subjects showed three short-latency EMG responses (M1, M2 and M3) which appear to correspond to those recorded from trained monkeys. The M2 and M3 components, thought to represent feedback in supraspinal pathways, were significantly increased when the subjects were instructed to actively compensate for the load changes. Parkinsonian patients with rigidity showed evidence of markedly increased feedback over the interval for the M2 and M3 responses and appeared to have lost the ability to modulate feedback according to the motor task being performed. The results are discussed with reference to recent research on motor control mechanisms in primates and a tentative model for the basis of Parkinsonian rigidity is proposed. PMID- 809130 TI - Decorticate spasticity: a re-examination using quantitative assessment in the primate. AB - Decorticate spasticity in the squirrel monkey was chosen as a convenient laboratory model of spasticity capable of quantitative assessment upon which to evaluate various currently popular clinical spasmolytic measures. The effects of a wide variety of cortical lesions were studied involving primary and supplementary motor, premotor and parietal cortex unilaterally and bilaterally, measuring muscle tone with the evoked integrated E.M.G. technique. Measurable spasticity resulted only if primary motor cortex was ablated bilaterally usually but not always preferentially involving biceps brachii and quadriceps. Resulting postures were variable offering no justification for the term "decorticate posture". The integrated evoked E.M.G. was proportional to rate of stretch and chiefly phasic in type as in hemiplegic man. Stereotactic dentatectomy resulted in profound ipsilateral reduction in this spasticity, but was without effect in intercollicular or anemic decerebrate cats. The mechanism of the spasticity and of the cerebellar effects are discussed. PMID- 809131 TI - Structural and systems approach to central representation of motor functions: importance of state dependent reactions. PMID- 809132 TI - Operative cholangiography: evaluation and a plea for its general use. AB - Operative cholangiography should be used routinely during operations on the gallbladder and biliary tree. The indications for operative cholangiography include demonstration of unsuspected stones, of abnormal biliary tree anatomy, and of tumour within intrahepatic branches of the biliary tree; determination of the nature of periampullary obstruction and of the best approach for removal of stones impacted low in the common bile duct; avoidance of unnecessary choledochotomy; assistance in diagnosis of stenosing cholangitis, cholangiolytic jaundice or choledochal cyst; and to ensure, postexploration, that the duct contains no stones. These indications were evaluated in a review of the records of 151 patients who underwent biliary tract operations. Operative cholangiography was performed in 133 of these patients. The review disclosed that 5.7% of common bile duct stones were totally unsuspected and that 30% of common bile ducts suspected to be abnormal were proven to be clear of stones, so that an unnecessary choledochotomy was avoided. The technique of operative cholangiography is simple, but successful use of it requires meticulous attention to detail and frequent use by a regular team. PMID- 809133 TI - Results of cholecystectomy in 1000 consecutive patients. AB - Analysis of the results of cholecystectomy in 1000 consecutive patients revealed an overall mortality of 0.6%; among patients who underwent cholecystectomy only, there were no deaths. Wound infection occurred in 3.4% of all patients but the rate exceeded 8% among those in whom another procedure was performed or there was acute cholecystitis. Cephaloridine given prophylactically was useful in decreasing the infection rate in the two latter groups. Cystic duct cholangiography, used in 193 patients, increased the rate of stone retrieval from the bile ducts from 41 to 63%, but the incidence of both false-negative and false positive cholangiograms was disturbingly high. Exploration was performed on clinical grounds despite a normal cholangiogram in 15 patients, with 5 positive results. Common duct exploration was productive 41% of the time when clinical judgement without cholangiography was used. While cystic duct cholangiography is useful, improvements in reliability are imperative and probably feasible, in view of the results achieved in the operating room and those in departments of radiology. PMID- 809134 TI - A technique for the local and regional control of carcinoma of the breast using 25-MeV x radiation. AB - A technique is presented for the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the breast utilizing an easily reproduced combination of 25-MeV photon portals. The intact breast or postoperative chest wall is treated in continuity with all regional lymphatics. Only 8 (2.3%) of 343 patients with Stages I-III disease have developed subsequent recurrence within the treated volume. Forty-seven of 48 patients with Stage I disease treated from 1 to 13 years ago are currently living NED. Essentially absolute control of local disease has therefore been achieved in patients with Stages I-III disease, with apparent improvement in absolute survival of those with Stage I disease. PMID- 809135 TI - Inhibition of deamination of 14C-cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878): a useful biologic assay for tetrahydrouridine (NSC-112907). AB - Inhibition of the deamination of 14C-cytosine arabinoside by two lots of tetrahydrouridine was studied in monkey serum. The average inhibition of deaminase activity was 78% for tetrahydrouridine lot AJ39 (1.0 muM) when the concentration of cytosine arabinoside ranged from 44.2 to 170.7 muM; under the same conditions tetrahydrouridine lot AJ22 inhibited deamination by an average of 68%. Apparent Ki values were 0.26 muM for AJ39 and 0.43 muM for AJ22. The assay may be used to check the relative biologic activity of various lots of tetrahydrouridine. PMID- 809136 TI - [Prolactin secretion on the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with thyroid function disorder (author's transl)]. PMID- 809137 TI - [Solubilization of microsomal proteins of rat liver using digitonin and their characteristics in relation to glycuronosyltransferase defect in the Gunn strain (author's transl)]. PMID- 809138 TI - Nervous connections between the brain and the pineal gland in the cat (Felis catus) and the monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - Silver-impregnated series of cat and monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) brains were studied in an attempt to demonstrate the existence of nervous connections between the brain and the pineal gland via the pineal stalk (central pineal connections). The presence of such connections between both the pineal gland and the habenular area, and between the pineal gland and the posterior commissure was verified in this study. A well defined median nerve tract between the pineal gland and the posterior commissure is described. PMID- 809139 TI - Electron microscopic observations on extraneuronal lipofuscin in the monkey brain. AB - Ultrastructure of osmiophilic bodies identified as lipofuscin granules occurring at extraneuronal sites in the brain tissue of both young and old monkeys was studied. The present work revealed that lipofuscin granules were detected normally in the neuroglia cells, phagocytic cells and pericytes surrounding the blood capillaries, as well as in the capillary endothelium. However, their presence in these sites was more marked in young animals. The findings presented in this report are strongly suggestive of the normal removal of lipofuscin from the nerve cells to the capillary endothelium, and suggest further that the phagocytic cells as well as the glia cells participate in this removal mechanism. Being a more active process during youth, few lipofuscin granules are present in neurones from young animals. Failure of the removal mechanism due to diminished activity of the participating cells with ageing, is probably the cause of lipofuscin accumulation in senescent neurones. PMID- 809140 TI - Light- and scanning electron microscopical studies of the hypothalamo adenohypophysial portal vessels of the toad Bufo bufo (L.). AB - The vascularization of the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial region of the toad Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) was studied by means of light- and scanning electron microscopy. Special attention was given to the portal vascular system of the median eminence and the pars distalis. Course and arrangement of these vessels are described. PMID- 809141 TI - The primate median eminence. I. Correlative scanning-transmission electron microscopy. AB - A combined scanning/transmission electron microscopic (SEM/TEM) technique was used to analyze the third cerebral ventricle and underlying tissue of the median eminence of 6 mature rhesus monkeys. The same sample of the ventricular wall was subjected to both SEM and TEM. This technique demonstrates two basic subpopulations of supraependymal cells on the surface of the supraoptic, infundibular and mammillary recesses. Type 1 cells are definitely neuron-like in their surface configuration and internal fine structural organization. Type 2 cells are more similar to histiocytes and are not as numerous as type 1 cells. The functional capacity of type 1 cells is discussed in the context of their potential role as a neuronal network that may serve as a short loop autoregulatory mechanism controlling the synthesis of releasing hormones or biogenic amines. PMID- 809143 TI - [Bipolar representation of the heart's electric field in the baboon]. PMID- 809142 TI - Demonstration that a mouse immunoglobulin light chain messenger RNA hybridizes exclusively with unique DNA. AB - 32P-labeled light chain messenger RNA was prepared from mouse MOPC 21 myeloma cells. The messenger RNA was hybridized to purified repetitive nuclear DNA and both the hybridized (repetitive 32P-RNA) and nonhybridized (nonrepetitive 32P RNA) fractions were isolated. Only the nonhybridized RNA gave a T1 ribonuclease fingerprint showing oligonucleotides derived from the variable and constant regions of the light chain messenger RNA. In addition, this fingerprint showed oligonucleotides derived from the untranslated regions of the light chain messenger RNA. The nonrepetitive 32P-RNA was shown to rehybridize only with the unique fraction of total nuclear DNA. The rapidly hybridizing part of the unfractionated 32P-RNA preparation, therefore, is not a component of the light chain messenger RNA itself. Complementary DNA was prepared with reverse transcriptase using unlabeled light chain messenger RNA as template, and the transcripts were fractionated into various size classes. Complementary DNA molecules greater than 900 bases in length hybridized with both the initial messenger RNA and with the nonrepetitive 32P-RNA but failed to hybridize with excess purified repetitive 32P-RNA. The rapidly hybridizing component of the messenger RNA fraction, therefore, does not appear to be transcribed by reverse transcriptase. It is concluded that, under the experimental conditions used, the light chain messenger RNA hybridizes exclusively with unique DNA. PMID- 809144 TI - [Mechanics of solitary microfractures of the paper plate in the olfactory bone]. PMID- 809145 TI - Lowering effect of carbon tetrachloride on microsomal cytochrome P-450 of rat liver. AB - The lowering effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 of male rats was studied in vitro. It was found that CCl4 added directly into the media containing microsomal supensions decreased the amount of cytochrome P-450 detectable by difference spectra at zero time of incubation. The incubation of the media with CCl4 at 37 degrees in an open system or in a closed system did not decrease the content of cytochrome P-450. As cytochrome P-420 was not detected in the addition of CCl4 lower than 10 mul, it was postulated that the decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450 was not due to its conversion to cytochrome P-420. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was not affected by CCl4. The results indicate that the decrease of the amount of detectable cytochrome P-450 by CCl4 is due to the destruction of cytochrome P-450 and the binding of cytochrome P-450 with CCl4in a lower concentration of CCl4 and in addition it is due to the conversion of cytochrome P 420 from cytochrome P-450 in a higher concentration of CCl4. PMID- 809147 TI - 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-n-hexylphenyl)-8-quinolinol-4-carboxylic acid and its related compounds--anticancer and other biological activities. PMID- 809146 TI - Fine structural changes induced in rat hepatocytes by single doses of 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - Male Leeds rats were given single oral doses of 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB). They were sacrificed 24 or 48 h after treatment and their hepatic tissues examined by electron microscopy. The development was observed of an unusual cytoplasmic change, which consisted of large perinuclear areas of decreased hyaloplasmic density, devoid of glycogen or organized structures, which displaced the organelles to the cell periphery. This arose by the formation of large glycogen lakes, which coalesced and then lost their glycogen content, and this was accompanied by nuclear irregularity and shrinkage. Other changes, affecting the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell surface, appeared to be similar to those induced by chronic azo dye feeding. It was concluded that the acute lesion observed may limit any specific responses of the hepatocytes to the presence of 3'-MeDAB. PMID- 809148 TI - [In 1974 the question we asked in 1950 is still discussed: do wild or domestic animals demonstrate a particular cycle of R. prowazeki conservation or an antigenic transformation of rickettsia]. PMID- 809149 TI - [Ultrastructure and significance of the "tubular bodies" and "particles" of the hydra mesoglia]. AB - Previous investigations described two kinds of enigmatic ultrastructures in Hydra mesogloea, "tubular bodies" and "particles". Evidence is presented that "tubular bodies" are cytoplasmic spiral processes, 1 500 A thick, often containing polysaccharidic particles (900 A in diameter). Large extracellular "particles" (450-800 A) are also identified as polysaccharides. These particles are enclosed in a meshwork of closely arranged fibrils. The relationship of the "tubular bodies" to polysaccharidic extracellular particles is discussed. PMID- 809150 TI - [Seasonal variations in the transfer of food labeled with 198Au from the worker to the queen domestic bee]. AB - Food exchanges from a worker giver to a queen receiver were quantified throughout the year. 4 days old workers distribute great amounts of food to queens, about 74% in average, but variations are low. On the other hand workers of unknown age distribute amounts that are less high and varying terms of the season. A parallelism exists between percentage variations of food shared by workers of unknown age and the seasonal cycle of the 9-oxodec-2-enoic acid content of queens. PMID- 809151 TI - [Metabolism of pregnenolone 16-3H and progesterone 4-14C by 18 day fetal mouse gonads in organotypic culture. Effect of the gonadotropic hormone LH]. AB - Fetal mice testes convert pregnenolone-16-3H and progesterone-4-14C to testosterone in organ culture. The 3H/14C ratio in progesterone and testosterone fractions isolated from culture media suggests the importance of the delta5-3 beta hydroxysteroid pathway in our experimental conditions. LH decreases radioactive testosterone production and increases the activity of the kelta4-3 ketosteroid pathway. PMID- 809152 TI - [The sequential determination of oogenesis in Bobyx mori; experimental arrest by fasting and an interpretation]. PMID- 809153 TI - [Cytophotometric studies on the levels of proteins and RNA in the nuclei of the apical crest ane the epiblast of the limb bud of the green lizard (Lacerta viridis Laur.) and the blindworm (Anguis fragilis L)]. AB - Cytophotometric determinations establish that in the limb buds of young embryos of the slow worm (Anguis fragilis L.) and of the green lizard (Lacerta viridis Laur.) the level of nuclear proteins and RNA is higher in the cells of the apical crest than in the cells of the epiblast on either side of the crest. This relative increase is progressively y reduced. PMID- 809154 TI - [Odontogenesis, organogenic model using teratomas]. AB - The study of odontogenesis in teratomas, leads to the following observations. Conspicuous odontogenic fields are present in the vicinity of pluri differentiated cystic structures. Tooth germs are connected to the walls of the cysts by an anastomosed dental laminar. The teeth developing in teratoma are not comparable to the normal process which is harmonized when the formation and the distribution of the various parts are concerned. They are deformed in appearance but not in the same way as the classic genetic malformations. The origin of both epithelial and mesenchymal parts is still not completely understood. PMID- 809155 TI - [Study of kinetoplast DNA of Trypansoma cruzi using restriction endonucleases]. AB - The cleavage of kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA) with the restriction endonucleases (Eco RI, Hind II + III, Hpa II) was studied. The quantitative data of electrophoretically separated fragments show that the kDNA (free circular genome units and complex network) is composed of distinct populations of circles. Kinetic studies of renaturation of kDNA previously cleaved by Hpa II into fragments having the length of one genome unit also indicate the presence of at least two and probably three populations of molecules. PMID- 809156 TI - [Isolation and chemical characterization of a new sialyloligosaccharide in the urine of pregnant women]. AB - A new sialyl-hexassaccharide was isolated from human pregnancy urine. It has a number of structural similarities with a sialyl-hexasaccharide of human milk so that its presence in urine is likely related to the mammary gland emtabolism during the course of pregnancy. PMID- 809157 TI - [Similarities in the biochemical effects of tetrachloro 2,3,7,8 dibenzo-p-dioxin and tetrabromo-2,3,7,8 dibenzo-p-dioxin on rats]. AB - Screening tests for the study of carcinogenic compounds showed that 2,3,7,8 tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin was at least as active as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin in regard to its effect on the in vivo synthesis of zoxanzolamine hydroxylase and on the arginase activity of the liver. The biological properties of these compounds seem to be due to the symmetry of their m molecular structure. PMID- 809158 TI - [Barbiturate dependence at the cellular level]. AB - In cultivated astroblasts of hamster, clone NN, increasing concentrations of sodium pentobarbital induce morphological changes in the sense of a cell differentiation. At the same time occurs a progressive dependence on the barbiturate, illustrated by cell degeneration when the effector is eliminated from the medium containing the cultivated cells. PMID- 809159 TI - [Kinetic study of the in vitro penetration and metabolism of cholesterol sulfate in the human placenta : demonstration of a direct formation of pregnenolone sulfate]. AB - The direct metabolism of cholesteryl-sulfate into pregnenolone sulfate is pointed out during in vitro perfusion of the whole organ and incubation of slices. The metabolite so formed represents a significant fraction of the recovered radioactivity. Cholesteryl-sulfate, which may be hydrolyzed into cholesterol, as well, is considered as a possible precursor of placental steroidogenesis and particularly of progesterone. Differences in the cellular permeability depending on the experimental model considered appear again during these experiments. PMID- 809160 TI - [Periodical variations of the level of acetylcholine during stimulation of torpedo electric organ]. AB - When tissue samples of the electric organ of the Torpedo fish, are taken every second during a period of stimulation at 5/s, it is noticed that their acetylcholine level oscillates in a quasi-sinusoidal shape. The amplitude of the oscillation is of about 350 nmoles/g and its period of 4 to 6 seconds. The speed of acetylcholine formation during such a process is extremely high. PMID- 809161 TI - [Lethality of the dnaB thermosensitive mutation of E. coli : comparison with thymine-less death]. AB - In a dnaB thermosensitive mutant of the bacterium E. coli, a shift to non permissive conditions leads to the immediate cessation of DNA synthesis and results in a sizable loss of viability. Under conditions where protein synthesis is inhibited, either by addition of antibiotics (chloramphenicol, rifampicin) or by amino-acids starvation, there is a marked increase in viability. This is reminiscent of the behavior of thymine-deprived bacteria and suggests that both types of death, induced by a block in the displacement of the DNA-replicative fork, follow the same pattern. PMID- 809163 TI - [Hyperlipemia and tumors : post heparin lipase activity of the hamster bearing a malignant lymphoma]. AB - Subcutaneous transplantation of Greene lymphoma in golden hamsters is followed by a type IV-V hyperlipoproteinemia with major hupertriglyceridemia and impairment of labelled triglyceride clearance. Postheparin lipase activity studies show that this hyperlipidemia is correlated with the decrease in the lipolytic enzyme, which plays an important role in triglyceride clearance. The role of the tumor is considered. PMID- 809162 TI - [Metabolism of radioiodine in Xenopus thyroid during larval life and metamorphosis]. AB - Radioiodine uptake and metabolism study show variations in the functional state of thyroid glands of Xenopus through larval development. During metamorphic climax, the level of hormone synthesis is the highest ; after metamorphosis, labeled thyroid hormones proportion decreases significantly. Normal metamorphosis sequences depend on the gland functional state changes. PMID- 809165 TI - [Elimination of the thermostable exotoxin from B. thuringiensis after ingestion in the mouse]. AB - When ingested by mice, the thermostable exotoxin is quickly eliminated in the "faeces", without fixation on the liver, the heart, the spleen or the kidneys. By quantitative study with a radio-active tritium-labelled exotoxin, this elimination is shown to be almost complete in 24 hours. PMID- 809164 TI - [Influence of parenteral injection of trehalose on mammals with different trehalase levels]. AB - Administration of trehalose by parenteral route to mammals (Guinea-pig and rabbit) equipped with Kidney trehalase is followed by rapid hydrolysis of the disaccharide which is excreted in urine only in very low amounts. When the animal under investigation has not trehalase in the kidney (rat), practically the total amount of trehalase is excreted in urine. Perfusion of kidney in rabbit confirms the very rapid hydrolysis of trehalose by this organ. PMID- 809166 TI - [Identification of ribonucleic acids of a simian oncornavirus (SSV1)]. AB - The electrophoretic of radioactivity labeled SSV1 ribonucleic acids reveals the presence of a heat sensitive high molecular weight RNA (70 S) and two light molecular weight RNAs: 4 S and 8 S components. The 8 S RNA is composed of A and 8 species similar to those of murine oncornavirus. PMID- 809167 TI - [Effect of immunostimulation by Corynebacterium parvum on evolution and metastatic dissemination of Lewis's tumor in mouse C57BL/6 mice]. AB - Treatment with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) produces a significant prolongation of survival time of Lewis tumor bearing animals and reduces strikingly the incidence of pulmonary metastasis in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice. On the other hand, treatment with Imuran, a known immunodepressive agent, reduces survival time and facilitates metastatic dissemination in the same model. PMID- 809168 TI - [Correlation between the activity of two groups of neurosecretory cells and the intermolt cycle in Dardanus arrosor Herbst (Crustacea, Cecapoda, Anomoura)]. PMID- 809169 TI - [A spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity in the cehalic nervous system of the scorpion]. PMID- 809170 TI - [Immunocytochemical localization of hyaluronidase in the spermatozoa of domestic mammals]. AB - Smears of washed spermatozoa are treated by an indirect immunocytochemical technique. The first antiserum used is prepared in rabbits against ovine (or bovine) hyaluronidase. A sheep antiserum against rabbit globulin, labeled with fluorescerine or peroxidase, is used at the second reagent. Hyaluronidase is localized in the anterior segment of the sperm acrosomes of ram, bull and other species. The specificity of the immunocytochemical staining is checked by appropriate controls. Anti-hyaluronidase serum adsorbed with the antigen, or normal serum, is used as the first reagent. The spermatozoa are also treated with the labeled antiserum only. PMID- 809171 TI - [Ontogenetic analysis of the self-stimulation behavior of rats]. PMID- 809172 TI - [Incorporation of 3H-serotonin into the pineal body of birds: in vitro, high resolution autoradiographic study in ducks]. PMID- 809173 TI - [A male-linked factor determines the arrangement of eggs laid by Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)]. PMID- 809175 TI - [The ultrastructure of the dorsal organ of collemboles. A "cockade" type of differentiation in Proisotoma minuta]. PMID- 809174 TI - [The ultrastructure of the primary ureter and of the mesonephritic blastema before its differentiation in Rana dalmatina (Amphibia, Anuran)]. AB - The mesonephretic blastema is formed by cells with a large nucleus, a dense cytoplasm containing few differentiated organelles. At the contact between the ureter and the mesonephretic blastema, the cells of the primary ureter have special characteristics: existence of an abundant "coat", numerous "villous processes" and a dense network of fibres of collagen. PMID- 809176 TI - [The effect of nitrogen mustard on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into chick embryo limb buds. Autoradiographic study]. AB - Tritiated thymidine labelling has been performed during the 24 hours following the treatment of chick embryos with nitrogen mustard. The rate of incorporation into nuclei of control and treated limb buds varied with the stage of the embryo. In the case of the nitrogen mustard-treated limb buds, a marked inhibition of the incorporation has been observed in the mesenchyme and the apical cap. However, 18 and 24 hours after treatment, the rate of labelling in the apical cap was the same as that in the control. PMID- 809177 TI - [The role of ionic equilibria in the separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography, and the combination of electrophoresis and chromatography for high resolution]. AB - Authors show the benefical effects of ionic equilibria in aminoacids partition chromatography in the particular case of a very high resolution system associating electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography: 1 N formic acid, tert butanol/methanol/pyridine/formic acid/water (330:430:96:4:200), cellulose powder. PMID- 809178 TI - [Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase and 0-methyltransferase activities in leaves of hypersensitive tobacco plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus]. AB - Tobacco leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L., variety Samsun NN, show a low cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase activity and a rather high O-methyltransferase activity. Caffeic acid, the substrate of the latter enzyme, is methylated specifically in the meta position. In TMV-infected leaves a strong increase in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and of these two enzymes occurs at the time of appearance and development of the necrotic reaction. PMID- 809179 TI - [The role of specific IgE antibodies in the immune adherence of normal macrophages to schistosomes of Schistosoma mansoni]. AB - Specific IgE antibodies from immune rat serum were demonstrated to mediate the immune adherence of normal rat macrophages to Schistosome mansoni schistosomules, which was followed by a cytototoc action. Hence, a new positive role of IgE antibodies in protective immunity is argued. PMID- 809180 TI - [The effect in vitro of the toxins of the mushroom Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. on the hemocytic reaction of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera)]. AB - The filtrate of Metarhizium cultures contains toxic-substances inhibiting the process of formation of granuloma by Oryctes in vitro. This inhibition results from marked alterations of both nucleus and cytoplasm of hemocytes under the action of the fungal toxins. PMID- 809181 TI - [Ultrastructure of the embryonic and larval sub-aortic blastema of Rana dalmatine (Amphibia, Anuran)]. AB - In early stages of development, the sub-aortic blastema is formed by cells of a uniform appearance filled up with lipidic inclusions. As early as stage 36, four different types of cells are present; numerous leucocytes, cells with mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular saccules, cells with granules, and cells with dense cytoplasm. PMID- 809182 TI - [The effect of an L-proline analogue, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, on the phenotypic differentiation of the somite mesenchyme of chick embryos]. AB - L-azetidine has been utilized in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the substance is injected into the yolk sac of young embryos. It inhibits the secretion of the periaxial extracellular material resulting in a lack of several vertebrae. In young vertebral primordia, cultured on L-azetidine, the myotome cells differentiate into myoblasts whereas the sclerotome cells remain undifferentiated. In older primordia, the sclerotome cells give rise to abnormal cartilage but the myotome cells seldom differentiate. PMID- 809183 TI - [The effect of chick and quail embryo gonads from DDT-treated eggs on host chick embryos, tested by chorio-allontoic grafts]. AB - In chorio-allantoic grafts, gonads from DDT-treated chick or quail eggs have oestrogenic effects on male and female chick embryo hosts. In addition, these implants can cause anomalies in the morphological differentiation of the host: diminution in size, lordosis, paralysis of the legs and alteration of the liver. PMID- 809184 TI - [Continuous biotelemetric recording of the internal temperature of small hibernating reptiles and mammals]. PMID- 809185 TI - [The length of polyadenylic acid tracts of Sindbis virus RNA: the possible existence of two synthetic mechanisms]. AB - The poly (A) tracts of RNA's from viral particles and from replicative complex belong to two classes of 180 and of 60 nucleotides in length. Those of the mRNA are homogenous and around 280 nucleotides in length. The results presented here strongly suggest the possibility of a copying mechanism in the first case and of a posttranscriptional addition in the latter. PMID- 809186 TI - [The mycotoxin sensitivity of several Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains sensitive and resistant to aflatoxin B1]. AB - Antimicrobial activity of pure preparations of seven mycotoxins, coumarin and dicoumarin, was studied against various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). The acquisition of resistance to Aflatoxin B1, by a new strain designated "stable variant", obtained in the presence of mycotoxin lethal dose, is very specific. However, a relation seems to exist between Aflatoxin B1 susceptibility and sensitivity to compounds which possess a double furan ring. In vitro, coumarin exhibits an inhibitory effect against antibacterial activity of Aflatoxin B1. PMID- 809187 TI - [Inhibition of lymphocytes pre-incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin of the blastic transformation of peripheral murine lymphocytes]. AB - Thymocytes cultured in medium containing human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (HCG) are capable of blocking the response of peripheral splenic lymphocytes to mitogens in medium containing no HCG. This effect is not due to cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the inhibition of lymphocyte response by serum from gestating subjects could be due to the presence of large quantities of HCG. This would be, at least partially, and by a direct or indirect mechanism, responsible for foetal acceptance by the mother. The implications of these findings in cancerology are manifest. PMID- 809188 TI - [Hereditary deficiency of a new coagulation factor acting at the "contact" level: the "Flaujeac" factor]. AB - The observation of a coagulation defect which has been observed in an adult French woman is reported. This deficiency which induces no bleeding tendency is characterized by a considerable lengthening of the activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and an abnormality of the fibrinolysis activation. Circulating anticoagulant is absent. The levels of HF, PTA, AHF, PTC are normal and mutual correction with Fletcher factor deficient plasma is obtained. This result leads to the conclusion that patient's plasma is dificient in a hitherto undescribed coagulation factor. This factor seems to interfere, in vitro process, at the level of glass activation, and after the activation of Hageman factor. PMID- 809189 TI - [The importance of determining 5-hydroxytryptophan and hydroxyindoles in biological fluids in cancer cases]. PMID- 809190 TI - [Radiorestoration of plant tissue cultures in vitro by yeast s-RNA and its nucleotides. The active factor of yeast s-RNA is contained in its mononucleotide fraction]. PMID- 809191 TI - [The trans-branchial potential difference and the ionic flux in Mugil capito adapted to seawater. Importance of Ca++ ion]. PMID- 809192 TI - [Distrubance in retention of a conditioned feeding behavior in mice by subconvulsant electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex]. AB - A bilateral 80 s stimulation of the parieto-occipital cortex was applied 200 s after a former partial acquisition test in a Skinner box. It has resulted in an impairment of the performances obtained 24 h later through a second test. This effect was greater the greater the stimulus, this latter being always kept under threshold values of post-discharges. These results seem to reveal that reminiscence phenomena are under the control of neocortex, in a somewhat discrete way which does not produce any retrograde amnesia. PMID- 809193 TI - [Metabolism of testosterone in rat Sertoli cells]. AB - Aspermatogenic seminiferous tubules were incubated in presence of labelled testosterone. This steroid is converted into androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydro testosterone. This finding favours the hypothesis which gives the Sertoli cell an important role in germ cell maturation. PMID- 809194 TI - [Calcium metabolism in the osteopetrotic rat at different stages of the disease]. PMID- 809195 TI - [Incorporation of acetate into the acetylcholine of the Torpedo electric organ: effect of the acetate and choline concentrations]. PMID- 809196 TI - [Characteristics of meiosis in a trisomic male of the Urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii Michah]. AB - In a trisomic male the metaphases of the first and second divisions of the meiosis are analysed. Some metaphases present special aspects. They are interpreted as the result of a chromatid disjunction during the first division of the meiosos. The homology between the meiotic and mitotic chromosomes is in part completed. PMID- 809197 TI - [Differences between right and left ears for pitch perception]. AB - We define here tonal melodies and spectral melodies: For sounds containing only octaves, the former correspond to fundamental frequency variations and the latter to spectral envelope variations. In this paper we give statistical results of judgements showing that tonal melodies are better perceived by the right ear. Conversely the left ear is more able to recognize spectral melodies. PMID- 809198 TI - [Pharmacological suppression of gestation by beta-2-aminoethylisothiourea (AET) in rats]. AB - One I.P. injection of 2-beta-aminoethylisothiourea (150 or 200 mg/kg) given to rats on day 14 and eventually also on day 18 of gestation induced a maternal death rate ranging from 0 to 50%, together with frequent (1 dose) or systematic (2 doses) foetal resorption. This type of treatment also impairs further reproductive capacity. PMID- 809200 TI - [Intrinsic regulation of the growth of mandibular condyle cartilage: inhibition of prechondroblastic proliferation by chondroblasts]. AB - In organ culture, the chondroblasts of the rat mandibular condyle cartilage inhibit the mitotic activity of the prechondroblasts. Hypertrophy of the chondroblasts decreases their inhibitory action. The hypothetical "inhibitory signal" might be a chalone-like substance. PMID- 809199 TI - [Evolution of xenografts of embryonic gonads and juvenile ovaries from Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw, transplanted into Triturus alpestris Laur]. AB - Gonad primordium of Ambystoma mexicanum when grafted at tail-bud stage on Triturus alpestris is indefinately tolerated. Testis or ovaries derived from those grafted embryonic gonads follow their differentiaion and reach sexual maturity. Axolotl juvenile ovaries transplanted in Triturus alpestris are also tolerated; the ovocytes achieve the entire vitellogenesis but are not able to be laid. PMID- 809201 TI - [Properties of the globin-porphyrin complex (Hb des-Fe) free of bound phosphates]. AB - A method is described for the preparation of phosphate-free globin-porphyrin. In this work, only the tetrameric molecule, probably in the deoxy conformation was isolated and studied. The preparation procedure is likely to be of use in other cases for studying the effect of phosphates on the structure of various artificial hemoglobin derivatives. PMID- 809202 TI - [Inhibition of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in fetal rat liver in cell culture by a fractioned liver extract]. AB - A dialyzed rat liver extract has been chromatographed on "Sephadex G 25" and then on "Sephadex G 50". Thus we found a fraction which inhibits the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and stimulates the incorporation of labelled orotic acid into foetal rat liver cells in culture, but has no effect on DNA synthesis in cell lines derived from lymphocytes and fibroblasts. PMID- 809203 TI - [Fatty acids from papain fragments of normal and myeloma immunoglobulins G]. AB - Studying the lipids bound on normal and myelomatous IgG, we have compared, using gas-liquid chromatography, the fatty acids extracted from untreated proteins, from papain hydrolysis and from Fab and Fc fragments. These last have been purified with affinity chromatography. We have been able, using mass spectrometry, to identify one of the various unknown compounds: it is di-octyl phthlate. PMID- 809204 TI - [Demonstration and in vitro study of a complex reaction (rejection and facilitation) of the mother towards the embryo in the urodele amphibian Salamandra salamandra L]. AB - Spleen cells from pregnant (but not from non-pregnant) Salamandra salamandra are cytotoxic in vitro for dissociated epidermal cells from their own embryos. Maternal serum inhibits this cytotoxicity. Analogies and differences are stressed in Salamandra salamandra between allograft rejection mechanisms and immune reactions towards embryos. They may contribute to an explanation of the delayed expulsion of embryos. PMID- 809205 TI - [Carcinogenic effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene 5,6-oxide in mice]. AB - The comparative carcinogenic activities of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene 5,6 oxide (DMBA-5,6-oxide) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to skin and subcutaneous tissue were studied. It was found that DMBA-5,6-oxide was less carcinogenic to both the skin and subcutaneous tissue, than DMBA. Moreover it does not show any significant initiating acitivity. The results are discussed. PMID- 809206 TI - [Perturbations of the levels of hypophyseal serotonin induced by oral administration of a single dose of 7, 12-dimethyl 1-2 benz(a)anthracene in rats]. AB - Pituitary serotonin was estimated by fluorescence technique in rats fed with DMBA at 30 days, 60 days or 90 days age. In the rats most receptive to this carcinogen, serotonin was found to be decreased to 40% of control values, for the 8 days period studied. A possible mechanism leading to hormonal unbalance is proposed. PMID- 809207 TI - [Architecture of the pathways and primary optical centers in trout (Salmo irideus Gibb.)]. AB - The retinal projections of the Trout were examined on fifteen adult specimens (eighteen months) unilaterally enucleated. After a post-operative survival period of six to 31 days, the degenerating fibers were stained with Fink-Heimer technique. The optic tract is entirely crossed. At the rostral end of the thalamus a first fascicle diverges which runs to aventral thalamic center and to a dorsal thalamic center. The latter extends caudally as a pretectal center. The second fascicle is a retinogeniculo-tectal pathway which borders the geniculate body and enters the external tectal layer. The corpus geniculatum is large, well laminated and contains terminal degeneration. The main part of the optic tract includes three fascicles. Each of them sends fibers to all three tectal layers. PMID- 809208 TI - [Differenciation of electroreceptors in Marcusenius sp. (Mormyrides) and Eigenmannia virescens (Gymnotides), electric fishes with weak discharges]. AB - Having recently succeeded in breeding two species of weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia virescens and Marcusenius sp., the ontogeny of certain electroreceptors, the tuberous organs, of these fish was studied in detail. At 27 degrees C, eight day old larvae possess electroreceptors which are fully differentiated and appear to be functional. At this stage the larvae also show the first electric discharge. PMID- 809209 TI - [Activities of protein synthesis during the development of lethal nucleocytoplasmic hybrids obtained by nuclear graft between Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw and Ambystoma dumerilii Duges (Amphibia, Urodeles)]. AB - A comparative study of proteinograms and zymograms (LDH, MDH) has been carried out at different ontogenic stages, in Ambystoma mexicanum (A.m.), Ambystoma dumerilii (A.d.) and nucleocytoplasmic hybrids 2 n A.d/cytoplasm Am. It appears that 2 n A.d. nucleus, grafted in A.m. cytoplasm expresses only a part of its potentialities, which could account for lethality of the nucleocytoplasmic hybrids. PMID- 809210 TI - [Localization of a structural locus of erythrocyte inorganic pyrophosphatase on chromosome 10 in man by the method of human-hamster cellular hybridization]. AB - The study of man-hamster hybrids puts forward a correlation between the activity of the erythrocyte inorganic pyrophosphatase and the presence of the human chromosome C 10, and on the other hand, a very positive correlation between the activity of this enzyme with the soluble glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOTS), already localized on the same chromosome. PMID- 809211 TI - [Paraquat : embryonnic mortality and effects on pulmonary apparatus of chick and quail embryos]. AB - Paraquat provokes an important embryonic mortality, which is in relation with the concentrations used. The pulmonary mesenchyme does not regress ; the sub epithelial connective tissue becomes thickened. In practically all cases, the loss of the alveolar junctions and air capillaries can be distinguished. PMID- 809213 TI - [Pharmacology of a new cardiotropic drug : (dichloro-2, 3-methoxy 4) phenyl furyl 2-0-(diethylamino-ethyl)-ketone-oxime (ANP 4364)]. AB - The (dichloro-2,3 methoxy 4) phenyl furyl-2 0-(diethylaminoethyl)-cetone-oxime (ANP 4364) is a powerful coronary vasodilator which lowers the resistance of large coronary arteries and decreases the O2 consumption of the myocardium. The activity of ANP 4364 is similar to digitalis: increase of cardiac flow, bradycardia, redistribution of the blood to peripheral area. These properties demonstrated in dogs have been confirmed in patients with cardiac diseases. PMID- 809214 TI - [Inhibiting effect of delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol on protein and nucleic acid syntheses]. AB - Addition of THC 10(-4) M, to cultured human lymphocytes inhibits within a few hours the intracellular and intramolecular incorporation of tritiated leucine, uridine and thymidine. PMID- 809215 TI - Factors affecting assay of myoglobin by complement fixation or immunodiffusion. AB - Quantitative micro-scale complement-fixation and semi-quantitative gel immunodiffusion assays for myoglobin have been evaluated experimentally and used to measure myoglobin in the sera of more than 1500 patients. We report certain problems, observations, and methodological improvements. Serum caused enhancement of precipitin lines in the immunodiffusion assay. In the complement fixation assay, serum interfered both by enhancing or inhibiting complement fixation. Suggested modifications in the complement-fixation assay are: (a) routine threefold or greater dilution of serum with buffer and (b) use of serum based rather than buffer-based calibration materials in preparing standard curves. Three cycles of freeze-thaw of serum or buffer decreased detectable myoglobin by 50-100%. We conclude that certain serum-related factors and freeze thaw phenomena are important causes of error in immunological assays for myoglobin. PMID- 809212 TI - [Influence of oral administration of various doses of 2 azo dyes, amaranth and Sunset Yellow FCF, on storage of vitamin A in rat liver]. AB - Amaranth and Sunset Yellow FCF, added to the basic diet of rats at concentrations of 1 200, 2 000, 10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg, do not affect, after administration for ten days, either the percentage of ingested vitamin A' stored in the liver, nor the "liver reserve" of vitamin A (expressed in IU/g/liver). PMID- 809216 TI - Properties of the residual alpha-galactosidase activity in the tissues of a Fabry hemizygote. AB - The properties of the residual alpha-galactosidase activity in kidney, liver, spleen, fibroblasts and urine of a Fabry hemizygote have been studied using p nitrophenyl-alpha-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-galactoside as substrates. In addition, alpha-galactosidase activity in urine has been determined with ceramidetrihexoside as substrate. The residual alpha galactosidase activity of Fabry, measured with artificial substrate, is stimulated (6-35%) by myo-inositol and only slightly inhibited by melibiose (7 17%) in all the materials used. In contrast, the alpha-galactosidase of normal tissues and urine is inhibited (36-48%) by myo-inositol and inhibited to a much greater extent (40-50%) by melibiose. The KM for artificial substrate of the residual activity of Fabry is higher than that of the alpha-galactosidase in normal kidney, liver, spleen, fibroblasts and urine. The residual activity of Fabry is generally more stable to heating than the activity in the normal materials, although exceptions were noted. When these properties are compared with those of the alpha-galactosidase isoenzymes in normal tissues and body fluids, the residual activity of Fabry material seems to be very similar to the minor component of normal tissue (alpha-galactosidase B). Moreover, the pH optimum curve of this minor component and of the Fabry alpha-galactosidase in urine are similar, whereas the major isoenzyme (alpha-galactosidase A) shows a curve much more like that of normal urine. The findings with ceramidetrihexoside as substrate indicate a possible discrepancy. Alpha-Galactosidase A hydrolyses ceramidetrihexoside, Fabry urine preparation does not. However, alpha galactosidase B of normal urine shows a slight but definite ceramidetrihexosidase activity. No contamination of the B preparation with alpha-galactosidase A could be detected. The minimum hypothesis, supported by most of the experimental evidence, is that the residual activity of Fabry and normal alpha-galactosidase B are identical. PMID- 809217 TI - Interpretation of elevated blood glycine levels in children. AB - Recent experience with three children who had non-ketotic hyperglycinemia suggested that interpretation of blood glycine levels in children is complex. The elevations of blood glycine in these children were quite modest, and comparable to those of other children admitted to hospital with other diseases. Often we find elevations of blood glycine in children who have had some degree of starvation before blood was taken for amino acid analysis. In a "typical" patient, valine, leucine, isoleucine and occasionally threonine are depressed, while the glycine level is raised. As nutrition improves all of the amino acids return to normal. Our data suggest that blood glycine levels in children with an acute episode of a debilitating disease need to be interpreted with respect to the immediate state of nutrition of the children. PMID- 809218 TI - The radiometric assay of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase using 125I-labelled phenolphthalein. AB - A rapid and sensitive method is described for assaying UDP-glucuronyl-transferase (EC 2.4.1.17) activity. The substrate is the relatively apolar phenolphthalein, labelled with 125I on one of its two phenolic rings leaving a free hydroxyl group for glucuronidation. Extraction with ethyl acetate leaves the glucuronide in the aqueous reaction medium which is then counted. Less than 10 mug microsomal protein is required and the glucuronidation of 10 ng 125I-labelled phenolphthalein (0.03 nmoles) is easily detected. PMID- 809219 TI - Clinical evaluation of new indicators of free thyroxine concentration and thyroxine-binding globulin capacity. AB - A rapid and simple method is described for the indirect measurement of free thyroxine (T4) concentration and maximal thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) capacity applying a single kit of Thyopac-4. Initially, a value for total T4 is determined, after which the patient's serum is added to permit estimation of T4 corrected for abnormal TBG concentration. The ratio of increased radioactivity in the supernatant after the addition of patient's serum to that obtained using pooled normal serum is designated the TBG index, being directly related to the amount of TBG in the added serum. The index is significantly increased in hypothyroidism and pregnancy, and decreased in hyperthyroidism, correlating well with the TBG capacity measured by reverse-flow paper electrophoresis. A free T4 index (FTI) can be calculated from the values for T4 and TBG index, because the TBG index is reciprocally related to the serum uptake test (T3-resin). Values for FTI are significantly increased and decreased in hyper- and hypothyroidism, respectively, whereas they remain within the normal range in pregnancy and TBG deficiency. The FTI is shown to bear a nearly straight-line relationship to that calculated from separate estimations of T4 and the serum uptake test (T3-resin). PMID- 809220 TI - Deficient polymerization of human IgM. AB - It has been suggested that the low disulfide interchange activity in cells producing IgM causes the excretion of immunoglobulin molecules with deficient disulfide cross-linking. IgM material found in the serum formed aggregates which were stabilized largely by noncovalent bonds. Sedimentation coefficients of these aggregates ranged from 11 to 19 S and were similar to sedimentation coefficients calculated for molecules composed of 2, 3, 4 and 5 IgM subunits. A fraction corresponding to a single IgM subunit with a sedimentation coefficient 7.1 S was also present in the serum. The molecular weight of this fraction, determined in mild conditions by Sephadex gel filtration, appeared higher than that predicted for IgMs, reaching the value of 270 000-280 000. The evident increment of molecular weight, compared to a single IgM subunit, was attributed to glycopeptides of sedimentation coefficient 2 S, which form the complex with IgMs molecules. These glycopeptides were also present in aggregates consisting of more than one IgM subunit. The number of IgM subunits participating in aggregates and their molecular weights appeared to depend on the ratio of 2 S glycopeptides to IgM material. With the increase of this ratio the molecular weight of the aggregates lowered and vice versa. Electrical charge and some physico-chemical properties of the aggregates were also significantly affected by the presence of glycopeptides, 2 S glycopeptides were supposed to be the basement membrane related material. Suggestions concerning the interpretation of the phenomenon are presented and discussed. PMID- 809221 TI - The use of thiosulfate to increase polymerization of IgM subunits. AB - Sodium thiosulfate was used to enhance in vivo the polymerization of myeloma IgM, deficient in disulfide cross-links. The therapy sharply decreased the amount of low molecular weight IgM fractions, while increasing the serum content of molecules of higher molecular weight. The degree of disulfide cross-linking in IgM increased under the influence of thiosulfate. The rate of secretion into the serum and urine of some membrane-related glycopeptides and species rich in sialic acid was reduced. Also, the discharge of L chains to the urine was lowered during the thiosulfate trial. All these changes were attributed to enhancement of disulfide-interchanging enzyme activity by thiosulfate. PMID- 809222 TI - On the interaction between thyroid hormones and the tranquillisers Librium and Valium. AB - Studies on the in vitro effects of Librium and Valium on the circulating thyroid hormones, their binding and on the binding proteins showed that Valium can affect the triiodothyronine binding capacity and free thyroxine index three times more than Librium. Valium can alter the thyroxine standards, which are needed to obtain thyroxine values in serum samples in competitive protein binding assay and can alter the distribution of radioactive thyroxine among serum proteins more than Librium which has a lesser effect on the thyroxine binding. Though these drugs affect some thyroid function tests, in vivo administration to rabbits over three months failed to alter these parameters. We have presented data suggesting that these drugs produce no changes in thyroid function (as they indeed do in some thyroid function tests). PMID- 809223 TI - Secretion of alpha and beta subunits of TSH by the anterior pituitary. AB - We have attempted to determine whether blood concentrations of the alpha chains of TSH arise by direct pituitary secretion of alpha chain or by degradation of the intact hormone after secretion. Highly purified human TSH was administered by infusion to euthyroid volunteers; blood TSH concentrations were raised to 36 muu/ml. After TSH infusion, circulating blood alpha chain concentrations did not change. The same volunteers received an infusion of TRH which stimulated pituitary secretion of TSH, raising blood concentrations to 15 muu/ml in one series of subjects and to 23 muu/ml in a second series. After TRH, blood concentrations of alpha chain increased from undetectable to over 400 pg/ml. We conclude that alpha subunits of TSH are directly secreted by the pituitary gland and are not formed by degradation of intact TSH in the peripheral circulation. PMID- 809224 TI - Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on phosphorus during treatment with diphosphonate. AB - The effects of probenecid and hydrochlorothiazide on renal handling of phosphorus during hyperphosphatemia induced by diphosphonate (ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate, EHDP) was studied. Measurements of calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine clearance were performed in 2 sessions on each of 3 consecutive days in 10 normal fasting volunteers during the morning hours from 8 A.M. to 12 noon. During 2 to 3 wk thereafter, each subject was treated with EHDP, 30 mg/kg/day. The second group of studies were performed in the same manner as the first except the EHDP administration was continued throughout. EHDP caused elevation of serum phosphorus in all cases. Probenecid did not affect urine phosphorus. Hydrochlorothiazide caused a transient phosphaturia of similar magnitude in the EHDP treated and untreated states. Creatinine clearance was not affected by any of the treatments and urine calcium was decreased by EHDP. It was concluded that hydrochlorothiazide inhibits tubular reabsorption of phosphorus but that it does not affect the mechanism whereby EHDP causes increased tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. Chronic administration of hydrochlorothiazide along with EHDP may inhibit hyperphosphatemia and may change the bone effects of EHDP. PMID- 809225 TI - Interaction of sudoxicam and aspirin in animals and man. AB - In rats, both the plasma concentrations and the anti-inflammatory activity of sudoxicam are depressed by concurrent administration of aspirin, being similar to that reported for other nonsteroidal agents, whereas, in man and monkey, plasma concentrations of sudoxicam are not affected by concurrent administration of aspirin. In this respect sudoxicam differs from such other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents as indomethacin and naproxen. PMID- 809226 TI - Treatment of massive poisoning by the organophosphate pesticide methidathion. PMID- 809227 TI - Studies on enzymes from parasitic helminths. V. Purification and characterization of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Ascaris suum muscle. PMID- 809228 TI - Effect of zolimidine, a derivative of imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine, on the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric disorders. PMID- 809229 TI - Anorectic effectiveness of various dosages of fenfluramine and placebo: a cooperative study. PMID- 809230 TI - Clinical evaluation of prazosin as the sole agent for the treatment of hypertension: a double-blind cross-over study with methyldopa. PMID- 809231 TI - Clinical evaluation of parenteral dicloxacillin. PMID- 809232 TI - Treatment of acute schizophrenia with loxapine succinate (Loxitane) in a controlled study with chlorpromazine. PMID- 809233 TI - Pimozide and the social behavior of schizophrenics. PMID- 809234 TI - Clinical experience with fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients with long-standing chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 809235 TI - Adverse reactions to chlorpromazine in medical patients: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University Medical Center. PMID- 809236 TI - An evaluation of denture supporting tissue under various clinical conditions. PMID- 809237 TI - Clinical experience with selective media systems for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 809238 TI - Comments on Migraleve trial reports. PMID- 809239 TI - The kinetocardiogram and dopamine in the assessment of coronary heart disease. PMID- 809240 TI - Hypocholesterolemic activity of colestipol in diabetes. PMID- 809241 TI - Moderate hypertension: treatment with guanethidine and methyldopa. PMID- 809242 TI - Fenbufen--a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent: comparison with phenylbutazone in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 809243 TI - The clinical investigation of a new non-narcotic analgesic agent: floctafenin (Idarac). PMID- 809244 TI - Double-blind comparison of an oxethazaine-antacid combination (Oxaine M) against the antacid alone (Aludrox) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer pain. PMID- 809245 TI - Use of an anorexic drug in a total weight reduction program in private practice. PMID- 809246 TI - Galvanic skin resistance (GSR) measurements on volunteers receiving fenfluramine or D-amphetamine. PMID- 809247 TI - Amoxapine, imipramine and placebo in depressive illness. PMID- 809248 TI - Benzoctamine (Tacitin) versus placebo: a double-blind cross over study in anxiety neurotics. PMID- 809249 TI - A clinical trial of a structurally unique neuroleptic (SU-23397). PMID- 809250 TI - Comparative plasma bactericidal activity of cephapirin and cefazolin. PMID- 809251 TI - The significance of isolating low numbers of mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture of sputum specimens. AB - Because fewer than five Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies were isolated from single sputum specimens from several patients with little clinical evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, we reviewed all of our low colony isolates (LCIs) from an 18-month period. Thirty-one patients had 35 LCIs and were separated easily into groups that either appeared to have tuberculosis by clinical criteria or appeared to be uninfected. Patients in the "tuberculosis likely" group reasons such as concurrent antituberculosis therapy or an interstitial location of their pulmonary lesion to account for their LCIs. In contrast, patients in the "tuberculosis unlikely" group were all culture-negative when reevaluated two to four months after their first culture, and they had no evidence of tuberculosis on chest x-ray film despite having received no antituberculosis therapy. Half had negative tuberculin reactions, without generalized anergy. Epidemiologic study showed that most had been cultured the same day as patients with smear-positive tuberculosis, and the possibility of cross-contamination was investigated. PMID- 809252 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and mucous diverticulum of the duodenal window]. PMID- 809253 TI - Clinical and CNS effects of oral and I.V. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients. AB - Both oral and intravenous TRH produce systematic alterations in brain function of depressive patients as determined by scalp-recorded computerized cerebral biopotentials (computer EEG). The computer EEG (CEEG) profiles of both formulations are not only very similar to each other, but also resemble the CEEG profiles of psychostimulant compounds (Bio-availability). As in CEEG findings, TSH plasma levels also indicate that oral TRH is indeed an active compound. Although some "antidepressive" effects were observed after both formulations, they were not present in every patient, and it was not always the case after repetitive TRH administration, nor were the effects on depressed mood too impressive. On the other hand, in almost all patients certain behavioral effects of TRH were seen which related to "life instincts" and "life performance". The increase of interest, desire and drive for work, food and sex was one of the most striking findings, particularly after intravenous TRH. This may be responsible for the "antidepressive" effects of TRH in patients in whom depression may be the result of an inhibition of "instinctive" functions. PMID- 809254 TI - [Autonome thyroid adenoma]. PMID- 809255 TI - [Sialadenitis in a boy with anorexia nervosa]. AB - Isolated sialadenosis of both sumandibular glands and anorexia nervosa are clinical pictures found extremely seldom in boys. This paper describes a case with symptomless enlarged submandibular glands, the bioptic findings which were suggesting the diagnosis of sialadenosis, the verification of the underlying disorder by child psychiatry, and the recuperation of the boy during puberty. PMID- 809256 TI - The late effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism upon the feedback regulation of TSH secretion in rats. AB - Rats made thyrotoxic with large doses of thyroxine (T4) during the neonatal period (neo-T4) show many abnormalities as adults. These usually include impaired body, pituitary and thyroid growth, diminished pituitary and serum TSH concentrations, a diminished serum T4 and a diminished response to PTU challenge and to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. Experiments are presented which show that these rats are hypersensitive to feedback regulation by T4 in a manner similar to that seen after bilateral anterior hypothalamic lesions. They show a subnormal response to PTU challenge and an excessive suppression of serum TSH and goiter growth after T4. Pituitary TSH was less depleted in neo-T4 rats when a small dose of T4 was given daily with PTU and pituitary TSH was more sensitive to suppression by a larger dose of T4 in the neo-T4 group. There was an impaired rebound increase in pituitary TSH following a single inhibitory dose of T4 injected into the adult hypothyroid rat. Although the hypothalamic TRH content is increased in the neo-T4 rat, the circulating concentration of TRH was found to be significantly decreased, supporting the theory that the defects observed in the neo-T4 rat may be the consequence of an impaired hypothalamic secretion of TRH. PMID- 809257 TI - Interaction of estradiol and LHRH on LH release in rhesus females: evidence for a neural site of action. AB - The effects on LH release of infusing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH 80 mug/20 min) into the third ventricle, the pituitary, and the peripheral circulation were compared in spayed rhesus monkeys. Within 30 min after iv administration, serum LH concentrations increased to twice to preinfusion levels, and by 120 min declined to original values. Intraventricular or intrapituitary infusions of LHRH resulted in similar LH increments, but the peaks occurred somewhat later (70 to 90 min) and the elevations persisted beyond 200 min. Estradiol-17beta (E2) administered by a sc silastic capsule caused a 5-fold increase in serum E2 within 1 h and reduced serum LH levels by 65% within 4 h. The LH release caused by intrapituitary LHRH was significantly suppressed by maintaining for 72 h E2 concentrations near 100 pg/ml, a level inadequate for stimulating an LH surge. A comparable E2 treatment before intraventricular infusion of LHRH, however, did not inhibit LH release. This difference between the effects of intrapituitary and intraventricular LHRH was demonstrable only in E2-treated monkeys. Moreover, the release of LH after intraventricular infusion of LHRH in E2-treated females was blocked (P less than 0.001) by a single iv injection (90 min before LHRH) of haloperidol (1 mg/kg BW) or phentolamine (5 mg/kg), but was not altered by phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg) or propranolol (5 mg/kg). Without E2 pretreatment, LH release after intraventricular LHRH was enhanced by each drug. Phentolamine, injected into both E2- and non-E2-treated monkeys 90 min before an intrapituitary infusion of LHRH had no demonstrable effects on the patterns of serum LH. Our interpretation of these data is that E2 at a concentration below the level that triggers an LH surge has a dual action on LHRH-induced LH release in monkeys: an inhibitory effect exerted directly on the pituitary and a stimulatory effect on the brain. Furthermore, the paradoxical effects of the drugs with and without E2 are due to the involvement of two distinct neuronal systems. The postulated neural effects of both E2 and these drugs can be explained either by an increase in the quantity of injected or secreted LHRH which ultimately binds to LH-secreting cells or by the release of additional endogenous LH-stimulating agents together with ventricular LHRH. PMID- 809258 TI - Estimation of the maximal T4-binding capacity of TBG using the Triosorb test in serum treated with dextran-coated charcoal. AB - A new method for the estimation of the maximal T4-binding capacity of TBG (max. TBG) in serum (dextran-coated charcoal-triosorb method) was devised. Thyroxine (T4) concentration in test sera were determined by the Tetrasorb method and then T3 resin sponge uptake (T3 RSU) was determined after extraction of 70% of the endogenous T4 with dextran-coated charcoal. The binding capacity of unsaturated TBG in treated sera was estimated from the reciprocal of T3 RSU. Max. TBG was calculated from the arithmetic sum of the unsaturated binding capacity of TBG and the serum T4 concentration multiplied by 0.3. The normal range for max. TBG was 20.1 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- SD) mug T4/100 ml (14 approximately 24) and it was 19.2 +/ 3.5 mug T4/100 ml in hyperthyroidism which was lower compared with hypothyroidism (21.1 +/- 2.6 mug T4/100 ml). Max. TBG in 8 hyperthyroid patients did not change significantly after treatment in half of the case, although in the other half it was slightly increased. Increased values of max. TBG were observed in pregnancy (32.9 +/- 4.4) and in a hyperthyroid state associated with pregnancy (31.4 +/- 4.7). Decreases were observed in TBG deficiency (less than 5.6 mug T4/100 ml). These procedures can be applied for the determination of both the unsaturated binding capacity of TBG and that of max. TBG. PMID- 809259 TI - Lack of TRH-induced TSH secretion in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome: a case report. AB - In a 41 year-old patient with Klinefelter's syndrome, a failure of TRH-induced TSH secretion was noticed. Low 131I-thyroid uptake, together with the elevation following exogenous TSH administration, indicates that the defective locus exists in the hypothalamus or pituitary resulting in an impaired secretion of TSH. Such a defect may underlie thyroid dysfunction often associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 809260 TI - Nonhexagonal ommatidia arrangement in the compound eye of eyeless Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 809261 TI - Editorial: Considerations of risks versus benefits. AB - An evaluation of risks versus benefits from new products should be encouraged, even when dealing with agents which may cause cancer or malformations in laboratory animals, because there is evidence that safety thresholds exist even for such exposures. However, it is not easy to describe risk and benefit in comparable terms when they may involve generations to come and events in the future. PMID- 809262 TI - Metabolism and toxicity of styrene. AB - The absorption, blood levels, distribution, excretion, and biotransformation of styrene in man and experimental animals are briefly reviewed. The acute toxicity of styrene appears to be unrelated to its biotransformation. Reports of organ toxicity upon chronic exposure to styrene are rare; however, since the chief intermediate in styrene metabolism is an epoxide, hepatotoxicity due to covalent binding at the site of formation appears to be a possibility. PMID- 809263 TI - An evaluation of recent NOx toxicity data and an attempt to derive an ambient air standard for NOx by established toxicological procedures. PMID- 809264 TI - The distribution and biological half-time of 203Hg in the human body according to a modified whole-body counting technique. AB - The distribution and biological half-life of 203Hg in the human body was investigated using 203Hg-labeled compounds and a regional whole-body counting technique. Fifteen volunteers were administered methylmercury as a labeled fish proteinate. A single serving of the proteinate contained an average of 1.8 uCi of 203Hg-activity and 22 mug of total mercury. Inorganic mercury was given to eight volunteers as labeled calf liver paste containing 4-8 muCi of inorganic 203Hg activity and 6 mug of total mercury. The radiomercury determinations were performed in a steel room equipped with the standard chair geometry and one 4 inch x 8 inch NaI(Tl) crystal. For determinations of 203Hg-activity in the head a 3 inch x 3 inch NaI(Tl) crystal was used. A lead collar was utilized as a shield in order to absorb any disturbing radiation that might originate in the stomach region. The effectiveness of the Pb collar was determined using phantoms. The activities in the whole-body, the head, the legs and the liver were determined. About 20% of the methylmercury activity in the whole-body was found to be localized in the head 30 d after administration. No significant amounts of 203Hg activity were found in the head during the first 58 d after administration of inorganic mercury. An average value of 10-15% methylmercury activity was found in the legs 30 d after administration. A control mean value of 13% was determined by measuring five of the same volunteers the next day in Sweden. Not more than 1% of inorganic mercury was found in leg muscle after 39 d in one male volunteer. The biological half-life of protein-bound inorganic mercury in the liver region, studied in one male volunteer, was estimated at 53 +/- 15 d. PMID- 809265 TI - A precursor of glycogen biosynthesis: alpha-1,4-glucan-protein. AB - The mechanism of glycogen biosynthesis in the absence of added primers takes place at least in two different steps. The first step could be initiated by a new enzyme named glycogen intiator synthase that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to an acceptor protein. This step takes place in vitro only in the presence of some salts at high concentration. The complex product from this reaction has been isolated and demonstrated to act as a precursor for the synthesis of glycogen which takes place in the second step and is catalyzed by the already known glycogen synthase. PMID- 809266 TI - Studies of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Lipopolysaccharides from 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing seven serotypes of the Habs scheme have been analysed. The lipid A fractions, obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides, contained phosphorylated glucosamine residues substituted with dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, 2 hydroxydodecanoic, 3-hydroxydecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acids (hexadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxdodecanoic acid were absent from one lipid A). Low-molecular weight solutes released during the mild hydrolyses included 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, inorganic orthophosphates and pyrophosphates, ethanolamine mono, pyro and triphosphates. For most strains two polysaccharide fractions, one of which appeared to be the common core polysaccharide, were obtained. The major identifiable components and their approximate proportions in the core polysaccharides were glucose (3-4), rhamnose (1), galactosamine (1), alanine (1 1.5), phosphorus (4-6) and heptose (1-2). Rhamnose was absent from one polysaccharide another lacked both rhamnose and alanine but contained glucosamine. Small amounts of various amino sugars found in other core polysaccharides could be associated with the presence of higher-molecular-weight material. Such material was isolated from strain NCIB 8626. The high-molecular weight polysaccharides obtained from ten strains were probably heterogeneous and consisted mainly of amino compounds, though rhamnose was a major component of four polysaccharades and arabinose was present in another. Fucosamine was the most common amino sugar, but quinovosamine, glucosamine, galactosamine, a possible aminohexuronic acid and unidentified amino compounds were also detected. The results of the survey are discussed in terms of the serological classification of the bacteria and of their sensitivity to EDTA. PMID- 809267 TI - Biogenesis of polysomes and transport of messenger RNA in yeast. AB - The study of polysomal formation in the ts-136 thermo-sensitive yeast mutant indicates that ribosomes are assembled with an mRNA, which is in a structure tightly bound to membranes, and are then released into the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. This has been observed by studying the recruitment of ribosomes when glucose is added to glucose-starved cells and when transport of mRNA is permitted by shifting the mutant to the permissive temperature. A soluble cytoplasm and a fraction becoming soluble after sodium deoxycholate treatment of a rapidly sedimenting structure have been characterized. The former contains the majority of polysomes, free 80-S monomers and almost all of the ribosomal subunits. The latter fraction is composed of bound 80-S monomers and polysomes, but lacks ribosomal subunits. Treatment of the rapidly sedimenting structure with pancreatic ribonuclease produces the release of 80-S monomers, with EDTA the release of an equal proportion of both ribosomal subunits, and with sodium deoxycholate the release of 80-S monomers and polysomes. These findings are consistent with the assumption that bound ribosomes are assembled with an mRNA which is tightly bound to this rapidly sedimenting structure, presumably membranes. From the operational viewpoint this fraction is called the "membrane." During the process of polysomal formation ribosomes are recruited more rapidly in the "membranes" than in the soluble cytoplasm. Since "membranes" do not accumulate polysomes and contain only a small fraction of the total amount of ribosomes, the result is consistent with the assumption that either there is a higher turnover of bound versus free polysomes or bound polysomes are the precursors of free polysomes. The latter assumption is more likely since we have shown previously (a) that in yeast, transport is coupled with the translation of bound mRNA, (b) that this mRNA is tightly bound to a structure which sediments very rapidly and becomes soluble only after sodium deoxycholate treatment, and (c) when cycloheximide is added during the recruitment of ribosomes there is accumulation of membrane-bound ribosomes. PMID- 809268 TI - The mitochondrial genome of Euglena gracilis. AB - Mitochondrial DNA from Euglena gracilis has been investigated in its chemical and physical properties. Its G + C content is equal to 25%; its buoyant density in a CsCl density gradient (1.690 g/cm3) is higher, by 5 mg/cm3, than expected for a bacterial DNA having the same base composition. The buoyant densities of denatured and renatured DNA are higher than that of native DNA by 10-12 mg/cm3 and 6 mg/cm3, respectively. The melting temperature, Tm, is 77 degrees C in standard saline citrate; the first derivative of the melting curve shows a striking multimodality. Degradation of the DNA by micrococcal nuclease indicates that about 40% of the DNA is formed by stretches lower than 10% in G + C. In all its properties the mitochondrial DNA from Euglena gracilis is strikingly similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 809269 TI - Properties of a cytoplasmic proteolytic enzyme from Escherichia coli. AB - A cytoplasmic protease was partially purified from Escherichia coli; its sedimentation coefficient was found to be 5.3 S. This enzyme (which we call protease A) is not a serine protease and cysteine is not required for its activity; it is only active in the presence of divalent ions which are strongly bound to it. After inactivation of protease A by incubation at 50 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM EDTA, the enzyme is reactived by Mg2+, Mn2+ or Ca2+. We have tried most of the usual esters as substrates and found that none was hydrolyzed by the enzyme which induces a highly restricted specificity. PMID- 809270 TI - The amino-acid sequence of leghemoglobin component a from Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean). AB - 1. Leghemoglobin component a from Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) was digested with trypsin; 15 tryptic peptides and free lysine were purified and the amino acid sequences of the peptides determined. 2. The internal order of the tryptic peptides was determined by the bridge peptides obtained from the thermolytic digest and the dilute acid hydrolyzate of kidney bean leghemoglobin a; 12 thermolytic peptides and two acid hydrolysis peptides were purified and the sequences were partially or completely determined. 3. The complete amino acid sequence of kidney bean leghemoglobin a is compared to that of leghemoglobin a from soybean (Glycine max) and to some animal globins. As regards sequence, the kidney bean globin has 79% identity with the soybean globin and 21% identity with human hemoglobin gamma-chain. Seven of the 14 amino acid residues common to most globins are found in the kidney bean globin. Trp-15 and Tyr-145 are evolutionarily conserved in this globin, which confirms the concept of a common origin of animal and plant globins. PMID- 809271 TI - The structure of dihydrofolate reductase. Identification of methionine residues carboxymethylated by iodoacetate with loss of catalytic activity. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase from the amethopterin-resistant mutant (strain A) of Streptococcus faecium var. Durans was reacted with iodo[14C]acetate according to three procedures; (a) in the absence of an inhibitor, (b) in the presence of aminopterin, and (c) in absence of inhibitor, but after treatment with unlabeled iodoacetate in presence of aminopterin. The first and last procedures resulted in the loss of approximately 90% of the catalytic activity, whereas in the presence of aminopterin essentially no activity was lost. Peptides were produced from all three labeled proteins by tryptic digestion after citraconylation of the lysine residues. From the amino acid compositions and partial amino acid sequences of these peptides the position of all modified methionines in the sequence was determined. The extent of labeling at each methionine, in enzyme labeled in the different procedures, indicated that methionines 28 and 50 may be at the binding site for inhibitors and that residue 50 is less accessible to iodoacetate than is residue 28. It is likely that carboxymethylation of residue 28 is responsible for the loss of enzyme activity. PMID- 809272 TI - Changes in the state of actin during superprecipitation of actomyosin. AB - Exchangeability of actin-bound ADP and calcium in actomyosin at low ionic strength has been studied using F-actin labelled with [14C]ADP or 45Ca and measuring release of radioactivity into solution. Low-speed centrifugation, ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration were used to separate protein from the medium. Comparison of the results obtained with these three separation procedures has revealed that the release of [14C]ADP and 45Ca into the medium in the presence of millimolar concentrations of MgATP is largely due to the release under these conditions of actin itself retaining its bound ADP and calcium. The real exchange of the bound nucleotide and calcium, even under the most favourable conditions, was in our experiments limited to about 20%. Detailed examination of the dependence of both the release of actin and the exchange of actin-bound ADP and calcium on the free divalent cations present, the kind and concentration of the added nucleotide, and temperature of incubation indicates that there is no correlation between the exchange and superprecipitation of actomyosin. The results presented support the view that the limited enhancement by myosin of the exchange of nucleotide and cation bound to actin under certain conditions results from accidental disruption of bonds between actin monomers due to a mechanical stress exerted on actin filaments upon their interaction with myosin filaments. PMID- 809273 TI - Interaction of wheat-germ agglutinin with bacterial cells and cell-wall polymers. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin was found to agglutinate cells of Escherichia coli PAT 84, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus H, and of S. aureus 52A5, but not cells of S. aureus 52A2. Interaction of wheat germ agglutinin with a soluble linear peptidoglycan secreted by Micrococcus luteus and with the teichoic acid of S. aureus H was demonstrated by agar gel diffusion, quantitative precipitation and inhibition of hemagglutination of trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes. No interaction could be demonstrated with the teichoic acid from a phage-resistant mutant (S. aureus 52A2) which lacks A-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. All interactions were specifically inhibited by low concentrations of chitotriose (GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAc) and the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide, GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4MurNAcbeta1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4MurNAc. Hemagglutination-inhibition experiments showed that the linear peptidoglycan and the teichoic acid of S. aureus H were several thousand times more potent inhibitors of wheat germ agglutinin than was N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Comparison of the efficiency of different saccharides in inhibition of hemagglutination and precipitation of polymers by wheat germ agglutinin, strongly suggests that secondary, non-specific interactions contribute to the binding of the lectin to the polymers. PMID- 809274 TI - Rapidly labelled RNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 809275 TI - Synthesis of mitochondrial proteins in an Escherichia coli cell-free system directed by yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - The optimum conditions for transcription in vitro of yeast mtDNA into biologically relevant RNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase was found to critically depend on salt concentration. RNA was transcribed (at 0.25 M KCl concentration) from high molecular-weight mtDNA which was then translated in an E. coli (S-30) cell-free protein synthesising system. Efficient translation of mitochondrial RNA was achieved using conditions which had also been determined to be optimal in other systems. Identification of the polypeptides produced in the translation system was made using antiserum raised against mitochondrial membranes. Electrophoresis of the completely dissociated antigen-antibody complexes using dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gels revealed that the system in vitro produced polypeptides of similar molecular weight to those synthesised in vivo by cycloheximide-inhibited whole cells. PMID- 809276 TI - Specific determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase isozymes A and B by radioimmunoassay and radial immunodiffusion. AB - The two major isozymes of N-acetylhexosaminidase, namely hexosaminidases A and B were quantitatively determined in tissues and biological fluids of both normal individuals and Tay-Sachs patients. The determination was carried out by two sensitive immunoassays:radial immunodiffusion, using chromogenic substrate, and radioimmunoassay, which were developed in this study. For this purpose [corrected] we used either a cross-reactive antiserum which reacts to a similar extent with both isozymes, or an antiserum reacting exclusively with hexosaminidase A (obtained by selective immunoadsorption). This enabled the quantitisation of the two isozymes separately, or in the presence of each other, in purified enzyme preparations or in tissue homogenates, affording a direct positive determination of hexosaminidase A. The results demonstrated that normal tissues contain the two isozymes in comparable amounts, whereas tissues of Tay Sachs patients lack hexosaminidase A or any material which carries the A-specific antigenic determinants. The possible applications of these assays and their potential use in diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 809277 TI - Studies on the control of development. Accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate in response to inhibition of protein synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis cells accumulate unusual phosphorylated substances at the end of logarithmic growth in a semi-synthetic medium. Two of these substances are guanosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 3'(2') diphosphate 5'-triohosphate (pppGpp) which, in contrast to amino-acid-starved Escherichia coli cells, are not degraded in sporulating cells of B. subtilis after the addition of chloramphenicol. Moreover, inhibition of protein synthesis in growing cells of B. subtilis causes accumulation of ppGpp and pppGpp, which is also in contrast to E. coli. This was shown by isolation and characterization of substances produced in these cells after the addition of chloramphenicol. Other inhibitors of protein synthesis acting at the ribosomal level also cause the accumulation of ppGpp and pppGpp. There is no difference between the action of antibiotics affecting 50-S and/or 30-S ribosomal subunits, since chloramphenicol, tetracycline erythromycin and neomycin cause the accumulation of almost equal amounts of these nucleotides. This apparently resolves the close connection between ppGpp accumulation and the rate of stable RNA synthesis, which was believed to exist also in B. subtilis because of the stringent response observed after amino acid starvation coupled with ppGpp accumulation. Antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis differently than by affecting the ribosomes (puromycin) or which inhibit RNA (rifampicin) or DNA (nalidixic acid) synthesis do not cause ppGpp accumulation. The accumulation of ppGpp and pppGpp in the presence of charged tRNA provided by chloramphenicol treatment suggests that the signal for the synthesis of unusual nucleotides is an inhibition of the binding of tRNA (charged or uncharged) to the acceptor site of the ribosome. This activates the rel gene product which forms ppGpp and pppGpp from GTP and ATP. Sporulating cells of B. subtilis without chloramphenicol treatment produce besides ppGpp and pppGpp other unusual substances, which are likely to be highly phosphorylated nucleotides contained adenine as base moiety. PMID- 809278 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin subclasses: cyanogen bromide fragments and partial sequence of a gamma1 chain. AB - The purification and characterisation of all the cyanogen bromide fragments of MOPC 21 heavy (gamma1) chain is described. The ten BrCN fragments account for the whole chain. Four of these fragments have been used to establish the sequence of the C-terminal stretch (138 residues) that includes the entire CH3 and a part of the CH2 homology regions. A comparison of this sequence with homologous sequences is presented. Mouse gamma1 and gamma2 proteins differ much more than the gamma subclasses in humans and in other species. The comparison further suggests that the four human gamma subclasses and mouse gamma1 have a common ancestor which differs from the mouse gamma2 ancestor. Unlike other subclasses, mouse gamma1 and gamma2 genes have diverged before speciation. PMID- 809279 TI - Maize alpha-glucan phosphorylase. AB - The major isozyme of alpha-glucan phosphorylase from developing maize seeds has been purified to homogeneity as verified by gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and immunoprecipitation. The enzyme appears to be dimeric and has an estimated molecular weight of 223000 +/- 10000 based on ultracentrifugation, dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, and pyridoxal phosphate content. Adenosine diphosphoglucose appears to be a physiologically important inhibitor and interacts with the enzyme to give sigmoid kinetics when glucose 1 phosphate is the variable substrate. There are no properties of the enzyme which distinguish it from other phosphorylases as having a primarily synthetic role. PMID- 809280 TI - Purification of alpha1-antitrypsin from plasma through thiol-disulfide interchange. AB - 1. Monomeric nu-chains were conjugated with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The C terminal cysteine of the conjugated nu-chain was converted to a mixed disulfide with 3-carboxy-4-nitro-benzenethiol (Nbs) and used to separate plasma proteins with reactive thiol groups. The plasma proteins, alpha1-antitrypsin and prealbumin have the greatest affinity for the interchange reaction with mixed disulfides. The disulfide link between alpha1-antitrypsin and nu-chain is sensitive to excess Nbs, and is selectively cleaved in the presence of 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (Nbs2) which accepts the sulfhydryl group of alpha1 antitrypsin. 2. A Simple method developed for the isolation of human alpha1 antitrypsin was equally effective for the various inherited phenotypes and for alpha1-antitrypsin from the dog, baboon, and monkey, Glutathione-Sepharose was also used successfully, but the nu-chain conjugate yielded alpha1-antitrypsin less contaminated with mercaptalbumin and prealbumin. 3. The alpha1-antitrypsin is harvested from this procedure as a mixed disulfide with Nbs. The negative charge of Nbs at pH 8.1 causes an increased electrophoretic mobility of the alpha1-antitrypsin derivative. Mild reduction liberates Nbs and electrophoretic mobility of alpha1-antitrypsin returns to normal. The method described can increase the alpha1-antitrypsin content of a plasma fraction from 5% of the total protein to 95% within one day with a yield of about 50%. This purification procedure does not exert any detectable effect on microheterogeneity. PMID- 809281 TI - Human renal carbonic anhydrase. Purification and properties. AB - Carbonic ahyndrase was isolated from fresh human donor kidneys which had been thoroughly perfused free from blood. The isolation procedure involved biospecific affinity chromatography on a sulfanilamide-agarose column and yielded one soluble form of the enzyme, which was homogenous with respect to sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and immunodiffusion. The renal enzyme had an amino acid composition and beahved chromatographically, electrophoretically, and immunochemically like the erythrocyte form human carbonic anhydrase C, isolated by the same technique. The kinetic behaviour of the renal enzyme was similar to that of human carbonic anhydrase C when compared by the stopped-flow pH-indicator technique. The results therefore suggest that the cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase of the human kidney is very similar, if not identical, to the high-activity erythrocyte form of human carbonic anhydrase C. PMID- 809282 TI - Terminal-sequence analysis of bacterial ribosomal RNA. Correlation between the 3' terminal-polypyrimidine sequence of 16-S RNA and translational specificity of the ribosome. AB - The 3'-terminal sequences of 16-S ribosomal RNA from a number of bacteria have been determined by a stepwise degradation and 3'-terminal labelling procedure. The sequences obtained were: Bacillus stearothermophilus, -G(Z)approximately 5 Y U-C-C-U-U-U-C-U (A); B. subtilis, -G(Z)approximately 7 Y-C-U-U-U-C-U; Caulobacter crescentus, -G(Z)3 Y-U-C-C-U-U-U-C-U; Pseudomonas aerugionosa, -G-Z-Z-Y-C-U-C-U-C C-U-U(A), where Z is any nucleotide other than G. Thus, as previously found in Escherichia coli, all bacterial 16-S rRNAs contain a pyrimidine-rich tract at the 3'-terminus. In B. stearothermophilus and Ps. aeruginosa this region shows substantial heterogeneity involving the 3'-terminal adenylic acid. A low level of 3'-terminal heterogeneity cannot be excluded for the other bacterial 16-S rRNAs examined. The 3'-termini of bacterial 16-S rRNA can be divided into two groups on the basis of sequence homology. The first group comprises E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa; the second, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis and C. crescentus. This division correlates with a previous separation of bacterial ribosomes into two categories based on ability to translate different mRNA preparations [Stallcup, Sharrock & Rabinowitz (1974) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 58, 92 98]. We have previously proposed that the precise base sequence at the 3' terminus of 16-S rRNA determines the intrinsic capacity of bacterial ribosomes to translate a particular cistron [Shine & Dalgarno (1975) Nature (Lond.) 254, 34 38]. No difference was found in the 3'-terminal heptanucleotide sequence of 16-S rRNA from bacteriophage T7-infected E. coli, as compared to that in uninfected cells. Thus, the T7-induced alteration in translational specificity of E. coli ribosomes is probably not mediated by modification of the terminal seven nucleotides of the smaller rRNA. The 3'-terminal sequences of the 23-S rRNA species were also determined. The sequences obtained were: B stearothermophilus and B. subtilis, -Y-C; C. crescentus, -Y-C-U; Ps. aeruginosa, -Y-C-A; E. coli, -G Y-U-U-A-A-C-C-U-U. No evidence for 3'-terminal heterogeneity was found. The results obtained are discussed in relation to possible base-pairing roles for the 3'-end of 16-S rRNA in bacterial protein synthesis. PMID- 809283 TI - On the utilization in vivo of lycopene and phytoene as precursors for the formation of carotenoid glucoside ester and on the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in Myxococcus fulvus. AB - During th logarithmic phase of growth of the myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus the specific carotenoid content and the molar ratio of the two main carotenoids keto torulene (3',4'-didehydro-beta,psi-caroten-4-one, 15%) and myxobacton ester (1' glucosyloxy-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-beta,psi-caroten-4-one ester, 80%) are highly constant. When the formation of these carotenoids was prevented by an inhibitory block at the level of phytoene desaturation, the normal specific content is rapidly reached after release of this block by a two-three-fold enhanced rate of synthesis. The experimentally accumulated phytoene molecules however, are not used as a precursor pool for the formation of the coloured carotenoids. The absolute amount of phytoene does not decrease, although a considerable molecule exchange between this pool and the pathway occurs. Furthermore, experimentally accumulated lycopene is only converted into myxobacton ester when the carotenogenic pathway is blocked at an earlier step, at the level of phytoene desaturation. Without this blockage the lycopene pool remains unaffected. The results are discussed in terms of arrangement of the carotenogenic enzymes in a sort of assembly line in association with the cytoplasmic membrane. Four sites of control are suggested in this pathway. PMID- 809284 TI - Studies of the subunit structure of choleragen. AB - The two choleragen protein constituents were isolated and characterized. Protein I has a molecular weight of approximately 54000. It consists of subunits of approximate molecular weight 10000. Protein II with molecular weight of approximately 32000 is cleaved by 2-mercaptoethanol into two fragments, protein II1 (N-terminal Asx, Mr = 25000) and protein II2 (N-terminal Ser, Mr = 7000). Proteins II1 and II2 could be recombined by oxidation to yield protein II. Upon treatment of choleragem with 2-mercaptoethanol protein II1 precipitates quantitatively. The remaining protein consisting of proteins I and II2, was quantitatively precipitated by ganglioside GGtet1. Of the separated choleragen subunit proteins, only protein I and not protein II complexed specifically with ganglioside GGtet1. The isolated proteins I and II were considerably less toxic in the skin test but almost full toxicity was recovered after mixing the two proteins I and II. Antisera against protein I and protein II revealed no immuno cross reactivity between the two proteins. Both antisera inhibited the biological effects of choleragen in the skin and ileal loop tests. A molecular model for the constitution of choleragen is proposed. PMID- 809285 TI - Investigation of the repetitive sequences in calf DNA by cleavage with restriction nucleases. AB - Calf thymus DNA was digested with the restriction nucleases from Escherichia coli carrying resistance transfer factor I, Haemophilus influenzae Rd and Bacillus subtilis X5 (EcoRI, Hind II, and Bsu, respectively) and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 10% of the DNA migrated as discrete fragments in 8, 16, and 30 bands, respectively, superimposed upon a continuous distribution of various size DNA fragments. The fragments within the bands are repeated 2000 to 160000 times in the haploid genome. Their sizes range from about 10 to a few thousand nucleotide pairs. About 5% of the DNA in EcorRI and Hind II digests migrated in a band at the position of undigested DNA, probably due to the resistance of long stretches of DNA against these nucleases. Calf DNA fragments obtained with EcoRI and Hind II were isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis. DNA from the bands showed the behaviour of repetitive DNA in renaturation experiments. An EcoRI fragment 1300-nucleotide-pairs long, which represents 6% of the calf genome and occurs 130000 times, is tandemly repeated (derived from the satellite of 1.714 g/cm3, see below). Another EcoRI fragment of 970 nucleotide paris, which represents 0.5% of the calf genome and is derived from the DNA of 1.710 g/cm3 seems to be structurally related to the foregoing fragment since it shows a similar Hind II and Bsu cleavage pattern. It alternates with a 1550 nucleotide-pairs-long EcoRI fragment. In another series of experiments total calf DNA was separated into main-band and satellite fractions by density-gradient centrifugation and chromatography in the presence of a base-specific dye. Purified fractions were characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation and by Hind II and EcorRI digestions. From the cleavage patterns of purified fractions an assignment of the bands found with total calf DNA to satellite fractions was possible. Most fragments were derived from the components of density 1.709 and 1.710 g/cm3. The 1.714-g/cm3 satellite was cleaved into a 1300-nucleotide-pairs ling EcorRI fragment and two Hind II fragments of 1100 and 180 nucleotide pairs. The satellites of 1.723 g/cm3 and 1.705 g/cm3 were not cleaved by either Hind II or EcoRI DNAase. On digestion of main band DNA with Bsu a 160-nucleotide-pairs long fragment was obtained which was also observed, at a frequency of about 160000, in the Bsu digest of EcoRI fractions from total calf DNA. PMID- 809286 TI - Interaction between the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61, substrate and beta-lactam antibiotics. A choice of models. AB - The interaction between the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61 and beta-lactam antibiotics is a multistep process during which a rather stable enzyme - antibiotic complex is formed. This mechanism of interaction is compatible with Lineweaver-Burk plots that are typical of a competitive inhibition of the hydrolysis of the peptide donor by the antibiotic. In fact, however, the same Lineweaver-Burk plots can be obtained on the basis of a non-competitive type of inhibition. At present, a choice between the two models cannot be made. PMID- 809287 TI - Acetoin degradation in Bacillus subtilis by direct oxidative cleavage. AB - Acetate and acetaldehyde can be detected as products of the oxidative dissimilation of acetoin in Bacillus subtilis extracts. They arise as the result of the direct cleavage of acetoin without a previous oxidation to diacetyl. This can be deduced from the following observations: (a) no diacetyl was detected in acetoin dissimilation experiments in vitro and (b) methylacetoin, an acetoin analogue which can not be oxidized to the diketone, also undergoes oxidative splitting, yielding acetone and acetate. The splitting reaction requires thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor, suggesting that the oxidative step occurs, as known for similar reactions, by the electron transfer from hydroxyethylthiamine pyrophosphate to a proper acceptor, which in vitro can be replaced by dichlorophenolindophenol. In vivo the final product of the oxidation of hydroxyethylthiamine pyrophosphate is activated acetate. A mutant which lacks acetoin-cleaving activity can not reutilize the acetoin accumulated after growth in glucose. This corroborates the actual importance of the cleavage reaction for acetoin dissimilation. The enzyme diacetylmethylcarbinol synthase, thought to be responsible for the formation of diacetylmethylcarbinol from diacetyl, probably is identical to the enzyme catalyzing the cleavage of acetoin. PMID- 809288 TI - Mapping of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases in lambdadv plasmids. AB - Restriction nucleases from Escherichia coli carrying the resistance transfer factor RI, from Hemophilus influenzae, Hemophilus parainfluenzae, and Bacillus subtilis were used for the generation of specific DNA fragments from lambdadv plasmids. Cleavage maps were established for various plasmids containing different but overlapping parts of bacteriophage lambdaDNA by analysis of digestion patterns obtained in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The correlation between the plasmid cleavage maps and the genetic map of lambda was based upon the location of the EcoRI cleavage site at 81.3% of lambda fractional length and the position of promoters PL and PR on the plasmid DNA fragments. PMID- 809289 TI - Soft tissue injury in sport. PMID- 809290 TI - Endothelial wound repair in primate cornea. PMID- 809291 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: new foci of enzootic Chagas' disease in California. PMID- 809292 TI - DNA synthesis, reduction, and elimination during life cycles of the eimeriine cocidian, Eimeria tenella and the haemogregarine, Hepatozoon domeruei. PMID- 809293 TI - Copper ion binding and enzyme inhibitory properties of the antithyroid drug methimazole. AB - The antithyroid drug, methimazole (1-methyl-2-thiolimidazole), is a powerful chelator of cupric ion. This is reflected in its ability to selectively inhibit certain copper oxidases. Uricase, ascorbic oxidase and monoamine oxidase are not affected. Ceruloplasmin oxidase is slightly inhibited and tyrosinase is markedly inhibited by methimazole. PMID- 809294 TI - Penetration of C14-labelled rifampicin into primate peripheral nerve. AB - The penetration of C14 Rifampicin into various tissues, but particularly peripheral nerve, has been studied in the monkey. Penetration into the substance of peripheral nerve internal to the epineurial covering was demonstrated and the significance of this in relation to the treatment of leprosy is discussed. PMID- 809295 TI - Restoration of cyclic phosphorylation in heptane-extracted spinach chloroplasts by alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 809296 TI - Stimulation of rat liver phosphorylase kinase by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+. PMID- 809297 TI - The role of nucleoside triphosphates in the control of 3'- and 5'-AMP dephosphorylation in crude extracts of B. subtilis. PMID- 809298 TI - An unusual cause of stillbirth: maternal hemorrhage from ankle varicosity. PMID- 809299 TI - [Recent advances on sperm migration in female genital tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 809300 TI - [Cost of contraception in France]. PMID- 809301 TI - Feedback modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary unit by estrogen in the secretion of gonadotropins and prolactin in humans. PMID- 809302 TI - Analysis of the strength-duration characteristics of the estrogen stimulus for the LH surge in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 809303 TI - The neuroendocrine regulation of LH secretion by estrogens in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 809304 TI - Anatomical distribution of estrogen in the central nervous system of mouse, rat, tree shrew, and squirrel monkey. PMID- 809305 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa in semen of cattle]. PMID- 809306 TI - [Editorial: Infections by opportunist germs]. PMID- 809307 TI - [Immunologic relations between mother and child. A review]. PMID- 809308 TI - [An unusual cause of sensitization against the Rh factor]. AB - A case of Rh-sensitization is reported which was caused by the intra-muscular injection of blood from the patient's husband during the first pregnancy as treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum. The first infant showed a mild erythroblastosis. The second infant suffered of a severe erythroblastosis. The literature is reviewed and the causes of Rhesus sensitization are discussed. PMID- 809309 TI - Profiles of three nursing homes and a long-term hospital in Scandinavia. PMID- 809310 TI - Rehabilitation for the elderly: an eleven-year assessment. PMID- 809311 TI - The mentally impaired elderly--whose responsibility? PMID- 809312 TI - The use of cost-effectiveness analysis in geriatric day care. PMID- 809313 TI - [Premature rupture of membranes]. PMID- 809314 TI - Methods for studying oviductal physiology. AB - In studying oviductal physiology, it is important to sort out the complex interrelationships between muscle, cilia, nerves and secretory processes as they each of themselves, or in concert, effect gamete transport. In this review, a variety of physiological techniques and bioengineering approaches which have been used to monitor contractile and ciliary activity, are described and critically evaluated. PMID- 809315 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on oviductal motility and egg transport. AB - The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on muscular activity of the oviductal isthmus and on the rate of tubal egg transport are reviewed. In consideration of the available data a mechanism by which PGs contribute to the physiological control of egg transport is suggested. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that E series PGs relax while F-series PGs stimulate muscular activity of the oviduct in humans, subhuman primates and rabbits. These effects are mutually antagonistic. The response of oviductal muscle to PGs appears to be affected by ovarian steroids; progesterone increases the response to PGE1 and decrease the response to PGF2alpha. Oviductal tissue concentrations of PGF increase in a distal to proximal sequence following ovulation-induction in the rabbit. Also, proximal isthmus binding of PGE1 t tended to be greater in 72-hour pregnant rabbits than in estrous rabbits, while binding of PGF2alpha was greater in estrous than in 72 hour pregnant animals. It is suggested that the preovulatory increase in ovarian estradiol secretion stimulates PGF synthesis in the oviductal tissue in a sequential fashion, the peak value occurring when the oviductal isthmus is most sensitive to stimulation by PGF2alpha. The changes in tissue concentration of PGF and in sensitivity to PGF2alpha could contribute to occlusion of the isthmus and prevent premature passage of eggs into the uterus. An increase in ovarian progesterone secretion after ovulation may decrease tissue PGF, decrease the response to PGF2alpha stimulation, and increase the response to PGF1. These changes may then allow a progressive movement of eggs through the isthmus into the uterus. Several questions regarding this proposed mechanism remain unanswered. PMID- 809316 TI - Egg transport in the fallopian tube. AB - The transport of eggs from the site of ovulation to the site of implantation is a fundamental step of the reproductive process in the female. The fallopian tube effects the major part of this function and times the passage of eggs into the endometrial environment. As a result of different combinations of speed of progression and retention periods through the various regions of the oviduct, the pattern of transport differs from one species to another. The role of muscular contraction, ciliary movement and flow of secretions in the mechanisms of progression and retention are still poorly understood. Estrogens and progestins have a pronounced influence upon egg transport, but the responses to exogenous hormones are quite variable and depend mainly upon species, dose and time of administration. Species differences prevent from broader generalizations at this time and indicate the need for further comparative studies. PMID- 809317 TI - Capacitation, ovum maturation, fertilization and preimplantation development in the oviduct. AB - The oviduct provides a temporary environment for spermatozoa, the ovum, and the embryo during the first 3 days of development. The milieu in the tubal lumen is ideal for fertilization and then events which precede it. Conditions which influence spermatozoa and the ovum are assessed, and the factors responsible for fertilization and normal development thereafter analyzed. Constituents of tubal fluid which have functional significance include bicarbonate, lactate, and pyruvate as well as ions in a suitably balanced ratio following ovulations. The functional significance of cyclic changes in protein patterns remains to be explored. Further analysis of tubal fluid content and its regulation, and additional exploration of conditions which support fertilization and early development are needed to provide a more complete understanding of the role of the oviduct in reproduction. PMID- 809319 TI - Clinical implications of oviductal physiology and biochemistry. AB - Current investigations of the oviduct including methods for studying oviductal physiology, electrophysiology, contractility, roles of the autonomic nervous system and prostaglandins on oviductal motility and egg transport are summarized in this article. In addition, current knowledge of the transport and survival of sperm, egg transport, capacitation, ovum maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation development in the oviduct and the biochemistry and physiology of oviductal secretions are reviewed. An attempt is made to place these investigations in clinical context and to identify promising area for future investigations pertinent to human reproduction. PMID- 809320 TI - Antibacterial activity of human cervical mucus. AB - The antimicrobial property of human uterine cervical mucus was tested in three groups of women. Healthy women, using no contraception, women using an intrauterine device and women receiving hormonal treatment for contraception. Cervical mucus was taken on the 10th, 14th, 18th and 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Micrococcus lysodeicticus in all three groups. The strength of the inhibitory effect on the other microorganisms were in the following order: Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus faecalis. Use of an intrauterine device did not affect the antimicrobial effect of cervical mucus. The use of hormonal contraceptive canceled the antimicrobial effect on the series of microorganisms, with the exception of M. lysodeicticus. The maximum inhibitory effect occurred on the 14th day and declined toward the end of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 809318 TI - Biochemistry and physiology of oviductal secretions. AB - The tubal environment holds a strategic location with respect to the reproductive processes. Histological visualization and biochemical analysis have shown that both oviductal tissue activity and fluid constituents are influenced by the hormonal state of the female. Also, tubal epithelial synthetic activity appears to be affected by the proximal embryo. The functional importance of differential oviductal secretions is presently unclear. However, the techniques of in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and culture aid in defining minimal developmental requirements and effects of cyclic secretions on embryologic events. PMID- 809321 TI - Comparative anatomic aspects of localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in the amygdaloid body. PMID- 809322 TI - Analysis of the intracellular DNA-protein associations in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. AB - Intracellular DNA-protein complexes free of RNA have been isolated from Escherichia coli B and Bacillus subtilis 168. The complexes were characterized by the protein/DNA ratio (approximately 0.4) and by physico-chemical parameters. Using electrophoretic methods, it was shown that the protein component of the studied complexes from both microorganisms contained acid and basic proteins. The composition of the protein component of complex isolated from Bacillus subtilis was studied with respect to the growth rate of the culture. It was found that the sample from a slowly growing culture contained always higher amounts of basic proteins with a lower electrophoretic mobility than that from a culture growing more rapidly. A possible role of these proteins is discussed. PMID- 809324 TI - Comments on the taxonomy of Brazilian marmosets (Callithrix, Callitrichidae). AB - The taxonomic appraisal of Brazilian marmosets, genus Callithrix, by Coimbra Filho and Mittermeier is critically examined. It is shown that their assertions are not supported by the evidence. PMID- 809323 TI - An inducible riboflavin synthetase from a pseudomonad. AB - Riboflavin synthetase activity is induced in a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens putida intermediate only under conditions permitting an accumulation of compound P, a 2,4-dioxopteridine, in the medium. The effect of different amino acids and sugars on the production of compound P and riboflavin synthetase was determined. The enzyme was partially destroyed by ammonium sulphate fractionation. It is inhibited by heavy metal ions and PCMB. PCMB inhibition can be almost completely reversed by GSH. PMID- 809325 TI - On the denticles of the sublingua in Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffrey, 1812 (Primates, Prosimiae, Lorisiformes). AB - The denticles of the sublinguae of Galago crassicaudatus and G. senegalensis are studied histologically. There are, at the oral end of the sublingua, main or primary denticles which bear on their surface the much smaller secondary denticles. Spine-like small denticles occur on the surface of the ventromedian keel also. The structure of the primary denticles is the same as of the secondary ones. The rigidity of the denticles is due to the filling of the vessels with blood. It is suggested that the denticles act as sense organs of touch as well as papillae operariae. In the latter functions they clean the lower procumbent incisors like a toothbrush. PMID- 809326 TI - Primate breeding season: photoperiodic regulation in captive Lemur catta. AB - Under natural light in Portland, Oreg., captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) experience a breeding season that differs by nearly half a year from the season in Madagascar. A series of experimental day length changes from 1971 to 1974 demonstrated the ability of both temperate and tropical photoperiod cycles to induce estrous cycles in quiescent animals. After photoperiodic activation, most impregnated females failed to resume estrous cycles even after infant separations unless they received additional photoperiod changes. Unimpregnated females, on the other hand, showed no significant decline in the incidence of estrous cycles under prolonged exposure to a constant day length regimen (12.OL:12.OD) for over a year. PMID- 809327 TI - Parental behavior in Saguinus fuscicollis ssp. (Callithricidae). AB - Carrying and nursing of infants were recorded in 7 groups during the first 40 days postpartum. All members of all groups participated in carrying the infants. Dominant males tended to carry most frequently, followed by mothers and nonbreeding, mostly juvenile individuals. The role of early experience in caring for infants in the development of adequate parental behavior and rearing success is discussed. PMID- 809328 TI - [Suppression of seizures by taurine - effects of edetate on actions of taurine and GABA (author's transl)]. PMID- 809329 TI - [The primary structure of a crystalline monoclonal immunoglobulin kappa-type L chain, subgroup I (Bence-Jones protein Rei.); isolation and characterization of the tryptic peptides; the complete amino acid sequence of the protein; a contribution to the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of antibodies, in particular their combining site (author's transl)]. AB - Bence-Jones protein Rei. was isolated from the urine of a plasmacytoma patient by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and purified by ion exchange chromatography. The determination of the molecular weight showed that the protein was present in its monomeric form. The preparation cotained a minor fraction, which consisted of the dimer of the variable parts and was characterized by its ability to crystallize. X-ray data with a resolution on the atomic level could be achieved and allowed, together with the known primary structure, the construction of a three-dimensional model, which also gave an insight into the antigen binding site. It consists of the hypervariable regions, which form a pocket 15 A in diameter lying between the two monomers at the ends of the molecules. Sequence studies were performed with tryptic peptides which were purified by chromatographic procedures and aligned in homology to other kappa-chains. The protein belongs to subgroup I on the basis of its characteristic amino acid sequence and follows a highly regular pattern of amino acid exchanges. Its sequence is in agreement with an evolutionary origin of antibody variability. PMID- 809330 TI - [The primary structure of a monoclonal IgA-immunoglobulin (IgA Tro), I: The amino acid sequence of the L-chain of lambda-type, subgroup II (author's transl)]. AB - The primary structure of a monoclonal human IgA immunoglobulin has been determined. The protein has been isolated from the serum by salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The L-chain was isolated by gel filtration after partial reduction and alkylation of the IgA-molecule. The primary structure of the L-chain was determined by sequence studies of its tryptic peptides. The protein containes 216 amino acid residues. Based on its homology with other proteins of known structure, the variable part of the protein clearly belongs to subgroup II of the lambda-chains. The constant part of the chain is Kern- and Oz-, which means that it has serine in position 154 and arginine in position 191. PMID- 809332 TI - [Pattern of antibody structure. The amino acid sequence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin L-chain of lambde-type, subgroup I (Bence-Jones-protein Vor.). A contribution to the elucidation of the origin of antibody specificity (author's transl)]. AB - The experiments leading to the determination of the primary strucutre of Bence Jones-Protein Vor. are reported. The variable part of this immunoglobulin polypeptide chain can easily be identified as a typical representative of subgroup I of the lambde-chains. The constant part is characterized by the Kern- and OZ+ markers. The sequence data of this protein are in complete agreement with the demands of the germ line theroy of antibody formation. To demonstrate the evolutionary origin of the V-henes, a phylohenetic tree of all completely sequenced Vk-, Vlambde-, and VH-chains is constructed. Teh evolutionary rate of immunoglobulins is calculated and compared to that of other protein families. PMID- 809331 TI - [The primary structure of a monoclonal IgA-immunoglobulin (IgA Tro.), II. The amino acid sequence of the H-chain, alpha-type, subgroup III; structure of the complete IgA-molecule (author's transl)]. AB - The primary structure of a monoclonal human IgA-immunoglobulin has been determined. Sequence studies were carried out with the isolated L-chain [1], the isolated H-chain and with BrCN-fragments of the H-chain. Tryptic and chymotryptic peptides were prepared from the totally reduced and alkylated alpha-chain or from BrCN-fragments. Sequence work has been done with tryptic as well as chymotryptic peptides. The variable part comprised positions 1-119, the constant part residues 120-472. According to its homology with other variable parts alpha-chain Tro. clearly belongs to subgroup III of the H-chains. The constant part is composed of 3 homology regions (C1-C3) which originated from a common ancestor by repeated gene duplications early in evolution. Each homology region corresponds in its length and its sequence to the C-region of the L-chains. The hinge-region, which connects the C1- and the C2-region, originated from the C-terminal end of the C1 region by a twofold partial gene duplication comprising 8 amino acids. The C3 homology region is termined by an additional C-terminal piece of 18 residues. The alpha-chain 17 cysteine residues, 8 of which form the usual intrapeptidal loop S S-bridges, and one the connection between the L- and H-chain. Two additional cysteine residues are located in the C1-region, and 5 more in the C2-region, forming intra- and inter-peptidal S-S-bonds. PMID- 809333 TI - tTNA isopentenyltransferase from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4963. PMID- 809334 TI - The Philadelphia geriatric center: many options to meet many needs. PMID- 809335 TI - Promise of PSRO in long-term care. PMID- 809336 TI - Long-term care regulations: counterproductive and costly. PMID- 809337 TI - Is P.L. 93-641 concerned with long-term care? It's up to you. PMID- 809338 TI - Alternative financing methods for long-term facilities. PMID- 809339 TI - Home care: providing the right to stay home. PMID- 809340 TI - Phenotypic variation in ABO and Rh blood groups, PTC tasting ability, and lingual rotation among southern Peruvian Quchua indians. PMID- 809341 TI - Patterns of cortical bone growth in moderately malnourished preschool children. PMID- 809342 TI - The neuropathology of stroke. AB - Vascular-circulatory derangements affecting the function of the central nervous system may result in parenchymal lesions that are hemorrhagic, ischemic, or mixed. Most nontraumatic intraparenchymal brain hemorrhages are found in asssociation with cerebral arteriolar sclerosis and other stigmata of hypertensive disease, such as hypertrophy of the left cardiac ventricle and granular kidneys. Global temporary ischemia, the type that exists during severe and transient hypotension, results in a wide variety of parenchymal lesions that may be bilateral, hypotension, results in a wide variety of parenchymal lesions that may be bilateral, unilateral, supratenorial, or infratentorial. The cerebral and cerebellar cortices, white matter, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord may be involved simulatenously or there may be isolated, focal lesions that are confined occasionally to any one of these areas. Regions ischemia, the type induced through the occlusion of a major intracranial artery, evolves through a stage of acute encephalomalacia, during which the morphologic change consists of alternating cellular swelling and shrinkage. This is followed by leukocytic inflammation at three to four days and the beginning of resolution at about the tenth day after arterial occlusion. In the evolution of this form of abnormal circulation, after a few minutes, some neurons in the most distal arterial territories show the first recognizable changes. In these neurons the mitochondria swell massively. Astrocytes and neurites in the same foci are selectively swollen, whereas oligodendrocytes and capillaries remain structurally unchanged during the initial stages of ischemic injury. PMID- 809343 TI - Lysosomes and the sclerotic arterial lesion in Hurler's disease. AB - A case of Hurler's disease in a mentally retarded, six year old boy is reported. In Hurler's disease a lysosomal hydrolase, l-iduronidase, is deficient, and consequently undegradable mucopolysaccharide accumulates within lysosomes in many tissues. Severe occlusive coronary artery disease and sclerotic aortic lesions are common in very young patients, although their serum lipid and blood pressure levels are normal. Vascular collagen and elastin is increased, but little or no stainable lipid is present. Electron microscopy shows that aortic smooth muscle cells are distended by vacuoles, appearing empty in formalin fixed tissues, that identify them as the "gargoyle" cells in the proliferative lesion. The presence of a basic lysosomal defect and the absence of other contributing metabolic factors suggest that accumulation of an excess of undegradable substrate within smooth muscle lysosomes may be an initiating event in the development of proliferative sclerotic vascular lesions. PMID- 809344 TI - Molecular mechanism of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. AB - Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) from 5 patients with cogenital non-spherocytic hemolytic and erythrocyte PK deficiency have been studied by immunological methods and electrofucusing. L type immunologically related PK was titrated in crude hemolysate with anti human liver L type PK rabbit serum and M2 type immunologically related PK with anti human leukocyte M2 type PK serum. After partial purification, molecular specific activity of erythrocyte PK was measured by immunoinactivation and electroimmunodiffusion and anti L type PK serum. Partially purified erythrocyte PK was focused on continuous sucrose gradient with 2% ampholines covering the pH range 5--8. PK enzymatic deficiency was due two times to a lowered molecular specific activity of the PK variants, the concentration of PK antigen being in the normal range. In the 3 other cases enzyme activity and immunological reactivity were likewise lowered. In the 2 patients with the most marked erythrocyte PK deficiency about 50% of the residual activity in crude hemolysate were non inhibited by anti L type PK serum, but were inhibited by anti M2 type PK serum. In 3 patients, the electrofocusing pattern of partially purified PK was significantly different from than of normal controls. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of the molecular mechanisms of the deficiency on the one hand, and the abnormalities of electrofucusing patterns on the other hand, seem to indicate that erythrocyte PK deficiency is due to the synthesis by muted structural genes of various abnormal PK molecules. PMID- 809346 TI - Blood group genetics of some caste groups of Southern 24 Parganas, West Bengal. AB - Five caste groups (Hindu) and a Muslim population from southern West Bengal are studied for the seven blood group systems, i.e., A1A2BO, MNS, Rh, Kell, Duffy P and Lewis. Cate heterogeneity was found to be statistically insignificant. The two religion groups are also shown to be genetically similar to each other with respect to these blood group loci. PMID- 809347 TI - Maternal ABO groups and the sex ratio of live births. AB - The sex ratio of 67,205 single, live births was significantly associated with maternal ABO, but not Rh, types. The proportion of males was highest among children of AB mothers in both the Rh+ and Rh- subpopulations, corroborating previous data. The findings are discussed with relation to earlier reports and possible mechanisms. PMID- 809345 TI - Genetic variations in primates. Red cell enzymes and serum proteins in Macaca mulatta. AB - Blood and serum from 17 Macaca mulatta were analysed for haptoglobins, transferrins, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphohexose isomerase. Compared to the human pattern, the AcPh and the ADA components of macaques are fast moving; AK, PGM, 6-PGD and G-6 PG have almost uniform and similar electrophoretic mobilities; and the Hp, Tf and PHI show differential mobilities. All these macaques possess similar karyotypes. PMID- 809348 TI - Carcinogenesis in vitro. II. Chemical transformation of diploid human cell cultures: A rare event. AB - Seventy-five diploid human cell s-rains were subjected to a number of chemical carcinogens, including urethane and polycyclic hydrocarbons. In most cases, no visible morphological alterations were induced by any treatment. Development of morphologically altered foci was noticed in urethane-treated cultures derived from a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. This disease is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene, and has a high rate of spontaneous transformation of neurofibromas to neurofibrosarcomas. Attempts to isolate continuous cell lines from altered foci were successful in only two of several attempts. These continuous cell lines demonstrate altered morphology, loss of contact inhibition, accelerated growth rate, and have attained over 240 generations in a period of 140 weeks. Untreated control cultures became terminal by the 20th generation. Giemsa banding procedures showed that the chromosomal complement consisted of heteroploid human chromosomes. A second diploid cell strain derived from the above patient's sibling, also suffering from von Recklinghausen's disease, likewise was morphologically altered by urethane. Chemical transformation of human cells is difficult to induce; however, selection of genetically predisposed cells and prolonged, intermittent, and repeated chemical treatment may be important factors in achieving transformation. PMID- 809349 TI - Mast cell sensitizing antibodies in myasthenia gravis. AB - Mast Cells Sensitizing Antibodies (MCSAb) were detected in patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MGr), by the Indirect Mast Cell Degranulation (IMCD). In most of the examined sera a correlation could be established between MCSAb and fluorescent antibodies to muscle and to thymus. The MCSAb were specific for muscle extract. They were resistant to prolonged heating and their reactivity in the IMCD test was not complement depending. Presence of MCSAb in sera of patients with MGr evidences the auto-allergic features of this disease. PMID- 809350 TI - Human secretory immunoglobulin M. An immunochemical and immunohistochemical study. AB - IgM was purified from normal human colostrum and salivary secretions devoid of IgA. The isolated immunoglobulin was found to contain J chain, and showed a slight affinity for free secretory component (SC). In the secretions IgM was saturated with SC, but only 60--70 per cent of the molecules had retained the component after purification. Moreover, the I determinant of SC was much more exposed in secretory IgM than in secretory IgA, indicating a relatively 'loose' quaternary structure of the former immunoglobulin. Paired immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that secretory epithelial cells of colonic glands contained IgM in exactly the same distribution as IgA. IgM appearing in exocrine secretions is therefore a true secretory immunoglobulin in contrast to IgG. However, the quaternary structure of secretory IgM is less covalently stabilized than that of secretory IgA. PMID- 809351 TI - Role of hospital infection in postoperative wound sepsis--a sequential study of postoperative wounds. PMID- 809352 TI - Osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus faecalis (report of an unusual case). PMID- 809353 TI - Bacterial hemagglutination by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Direct bacterial hemagglutination was investigated with 20 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The hemagglutination tests were performed by both a macrotechnique with glass slides and a microtechnique with autotrays. Only organisms from form type 1 or 2 colonies caused hemagglutination. There was no statistical difference at a 10% or higher level in hemagglutination powers of type 1 and type 2 organisms, of male urethral and female cervical isolates, and of the eight major human blood types (ABO-Rh). Of seven erythrocyte species tested, only human cells were agglutinated. D-Mannose did not prevent the agglutination. Rabbit antigonococcal serum and high-titer antigonococcal human sera inhibited the hemagglutination. The results suggest the pili are the mediators of hemagglutination and that their specific agglutination of human erythrocytes may be a correlate of their adherence to human mucosal cells in natural infection. Also, although the procedure is presently insensitive, it is possible to detect human antigonococcal antibody by inhibition of direct bacterial hemagglutination. PMID- 809354 TI - Humoral factors affecting mouse peritoneal cell adherence reactions to Ascaris suum. AB - The abilities of normal mouse peritoneal exudate cells and fluids to mediate in vitro cell adherence reactions to Ascaris suum juveniles were investigated. Exudates were induced by intraperitoneal injection of Sephadex G-25 or by infection with A. suum and changes in the peritoneal cell populations were determined. The presence of a heat-labile component, probably complement, and a heat-stable component, probably immunoglobulin, in the peritoneal exudate fluid were required for optimum in vitro cell adherence reactions. The in vitro cell adherence reactions were inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; the inhibition was overcome by the addition of calcium and magnesium ions. PMID- 809355 TI - Effect macrophage activation on infection with Treponema pallidum. AB - Infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum induces nonspecific acquired cellular resistance (ACR) to Listeria monocytogenes. This resistance can be adoptively transferred using thymus-dependent lymphocytes. Since infections that induce ACR are usually brought under control by cellular mechanisms, we sought to determine whether induction of ACR in rabbits stimulates resistance to challenge with T. pallidum. When BCG-infected rabbits which suppressed the growth of Listeria were challenged intravenously with T. pallidum, lesions appeared at the same time and progressed in a fashion similar to that in non-BCG-infected controls. There was a tendency for syphilitic lesions to disseminate more widely in BCG-infected animals and for the lesions to necrose more rapidly in controls. T. pallidum may resist phagocytosis by macrophages, as has been suggested previously, or macrophages may fail to be activated locally in the dermis. Although syphilitic infeciton appears to stimulate ACR, activation of the macrophages may not contribute significantly to the ability of the host to suppress T. pallidum. PMID- 809356 TI - Relationship between cell-bound dextransucrase and the agglutination of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Dextran-induced agglutination of Streptococcus mutans cells is independent of cell-bound dextransucrase activity. Toluene extraction or the presence of Hg2+ or Cu2+ markedly decreased or completely abolished cell-bound dextransucrase activity without adversely affecting dextran-induced cell agglutination. Cells treated by heating at 100 C until cell-bound dextransucrase was completely inactivated continued to agglutinate when induced by dextran-induced cell agglutination resulted from cell treatment with trypsin and several other enzymes, as well as from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment, without a corresponding loss of cell-bound dextransucrase activity. Cells possessed a greater avidity for branched dextrans of low molecular weight than for linear dextrans of the same weight, indicating that size alone does not determine the efficiency of dextran as an inducer of agglutination. Divalent metal ions were required for both sucrose- and dextran-induced agglutination of S. mutans K1-R cells. Although normal cells of strain 6715-49 did not appear to require divalent cations for agglutination, heat- and ethlyenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated cells specifically required Ca2+. The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges. PMID- 809357 TI - Cross-reactions of Streptococcus mutans due to cell wall teichoic acid. AB - Antisera to the whole cells of Streptococcus mutans cross-reacted with antigen extracts from four other gram-positive species, as well as with those of three other oral streptococci. Similarly, antisera to these bacteria cross-reacted with extracts from S. mutans and with those from each other. Using a purified phenol extract of the walls of S. mutans, which was identified by chemical, immunochemical, and enzymatic analyses as glycerol teichoic acid, the cross reactions were shown to be specific for a determinant of the teichoic acid backbone. Results were confirmed in immunodiffusion tests where clear bands of identify were shown. These observations point out the need for caution in sereological research empolying extracts of gram-positive bacteria and may be of interest in investigations of periodontal disease. PMID- 809358 TI - Response of sublethally irradiated monkeys to a replicating viral antigen. AB - Temporal effects of exposure to sublethal, total-body X radiation (400 R) on responses to vaccination with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine virus. TC-83, were examined in rhesus monkeys. Viremia, often with delayed onset, was prolonged even when irradiation preceded vaccination by 28 days. Virus titers were increased, articularly in groups irradiated 4 or 7 days before vaccination. Delay in appearance of hemagglutination-inhibition and serum neutralizing antibody correlated closely with persistence of viremia in irradiated-vaccinated monkeys. The temporal course of antibody response was markedly affected by the intervals between irradiation and injection of this replicating antigen. With longer intervals between irradiation and vaccination, the somewhat depressed antibody responses approached normal or surpassed those of nonirradiated monkeys. Vaccination 14 days after radiation exposure resulted in lethality to 8 of 12 monkeys, apparently as a result of secondary infection. The additional lymphopenic stress due to the effect of TC-83, superimposed on the severly depressed hematopoietic competence at 14 days, undoubtedly contributed to this increased susceptibility to latent infection. PMID- 809359 TI - Growth of measles virus in cultures of rat glioma cells. AB - The interaction of measles virus with RG-6 cells derived from rat glioma was investigated. When a culture of RG-6 cells was infected with measles virus, the synthesis of viral antigens was detected in very few cells, at most 5%. The apparent resistance to measles virus infection was also repeatedly found in all of the subclonal cells derived form RG-6 cells. Although all of the virus synthesizing cells had the ability to form plaques on Vero cells, they produced only a reduced amount of infectious virus, i.e., 0.1 plaque-forming units per cell. These results imply the existence of some mechanism that regulates growth of measles virus in cultures of RG-6 cells. The transmission of genetic material of measles virus from infected RG-6 cells to Vero cells was not inhibited in the presence of antiviral serum. This fact may provide a basis for interpretation of the persistence of virus, in the presence of antibody, in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 809360 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of virulent and avirulent colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A preparation procedure for scanning electron microscopy was developed by which gononcoccal colonies can be studied directly on the agar surface. After glutaraldehyde fixation directly in petri dishes, small agar pieces were cut out and dehydrated stepwise in increasing concentrations of ethanol. The blocks were thereafter transferred to a critical-point drying apparatus, via steps of increased gradients up to 100% amyl acetate. By this method five different gonococcal colony types could be distinguished analogous to light microscopic observations made by others. At higher magnifications an abundance of intercellular strands was found between the cells in virulent type 1 and 2 colonies, but not in the avirulent types 3 through 5. These strands seemed to anchor the cells to each other and to the agar surface. The presence of such structures probably explains the highly convex surface of virulent colonies and explains why colonies of avirulent strains exhibit a radial extension and a flat upper surface. The nature of these filamentous intercellular strands is discussed. PMID- 809361 TI - Blastogenesis as an in vitro correlate of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs infected with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Randomly bred guinea pigs of both sexes were injected intracardially with one half a 50% lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes. When these animals were skin tested with 30 mug of a water-soluble extract of sonically disrupted Listeria, animals had uniformly detectable levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) 6 days after infection. Histological examination of skin test reaction sites, after fixation in Helly fixative and Giemsa staining, revealed a classical tuberculin type infiltrate consisting primarily of mononuclear cells with few polymorphonuclear cells. Many of the small vessels showed perivascular cuffing. When purified peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from these animals were cultured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of Listeria antigen, it was fount that the optimal antigenic dose for specific antigen-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine varied for individual animals. In contrast to the early onset of uniformly detectable levels of in vivo DTH, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis was not uniformly demonstrable until 14 days postinfection and remained highly significant on days 21, 28, and 84 postinfection. At 7 days postinfection, lymphocytes from 7 of 17 animals were capable of undergoing sifnificant blastogenesis. The Listeria antigen preparation was not mitogenic for peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from normal animals. It was found that no direct correlation exists between the in vivo levels of DTH and in vitro blastogenesis. Cell donors showing significant in vitro blastogenesis nevertheless were also skin test positive for most animals tested. Humoral antibody was found to play no significant role in the immune response of guinea pigs to a primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 809362 TI - Characterization of an antibody directed against a surface component of normal and pleomorphic cells of Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Whole cells of Streptococcus sanguis were utilized as an immunoadsorbent to purify large quantities of an antibody (S1) directed against a cell surface component. The S-1 antibody was isolated from antisera to normal (N) and pleomorphic (O) cells by a similar adsorption-elution procedure. The S-1 antibody isolated from antisera to N cells reacted in gel diffusion in identify with the S 1 antibody to O cells, indicating that the antigen which binds S-1 antibody (Ag 1) may not be radically altered when cells become pleomorphic. The S-1 antibodies directed against both N and O cells had restricted heterogeneity, indicating that for both types of cell Ag-1 may have a simple repeating structure. However, N cells were agglutinated to a greater extent by S-1 antibody than O cells. In addition the distribution of the bound S-1 antibody became altered as the cells became pleomorphic. Utilizing the technique of indirect immunofluorescence we observed that the S-1 antibody was distributed evenly on the surface of N cells. As the cells became pleomorphic, the antibody appeared to bind preferentially at the cell poles (capping). Later, as the cells became more grossly deformed, additional bands of immunofluorescence appeared to bisect the cells. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the bound antibody was not associated with septal notches. The results suggest that the arrangement rather than the immunological properties of Ag-1 became altered as cells became pleomorphic. PMID- 809363 TI - Guanidine extraction of streptococcal M protein. AB - A new method of extracting M protein from streptococcal cell walls has been presented. The extracting agent was guanidine-hydrochloride, a protein denaturant. The crude guanidine extract was further purified by ammonium sulfate and pH 5 fractionation and by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Three major protein peaks were eluted from the hydroxyapatite column with 0.01, 0.1 and 0.3 M phosphate buffer, respectively. Protein fractions eluted at 0.1 and 0.3 M phosphate concentractions contained antigens that precipitated with homologous M protein specific antisera, whereas the 0.01 M phosphate fraction had no immunological activity. The fraction eluted with 0.3 M phosphate was electrophoretically homogeneous in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels and elicited the production of bactericidal antibodies in rabbits. The 0.1 M phosphate buffer eluant was electrophoretically heterogeneous and did not elicit the production of bactericidal antibodies in rabbits. PMID- 809365 TI - Structure and biological functions of human IgD. V. Insulin antibodies of the IgD class in sera from some diabetic patients. AB - Insulin antibodies were detected in the sera of diabetics who had received injections of animal insulin. The incidence of anti-insulin antibodies varied from 47 to 97% depending upon whether individual diabetic serum samples were compared with the highest 'normal' serum binding value or the mean binding value of all 'normal' nondiabetic sera. Approximately 64 of our diabetic patients had detectable IgD anti-insulin antibodies but only approximately 14% of the patients had values clearly above those found in 'normal' nondiabetic sera. PMID- 809364 TI - Skin reaction, inhibition of macrophage migration, and lymphocyte transformation with tuberculin active peptide (TAP) and arabinogalactan obtained from tubercle bacilli. AB - Arabinogalactan purified from heat-killed tubercle bacilli failed to elicit a delayed type of skin reaction and had no ability to induce in vitro lymphocyte blast formation in sensitized guinea pigs. It was, however, inhibitory to migration of bronchoalveolar washing cells by the indirect test, but not by the direct test, and capable of eliciting an immediate type of skin reaction and anaphylaxis when injected into sensitized guinea pigs. Tuberculin active peptide (TAP) was active in all of in vitro and in vivo cell-mediated immune responses, but not in immediate responses. PMID- 809366 TI - A cost--benefit analysis for a multimodality heroin treatment project. PMID- 809367 TI - Gliflumide, a new oral antidiabetic of high potency and efficacy. AB - Gliflumide is an optically active sulfonylaminopyrimidine. In rats, the drug exhibited a long-lasting hypoglycemic effect following oral as well as intravenous administration. This effect resembled the action of glibenclamide, but was brought about by doses 5-10 times lower. In healthy volunteers, oral administration (0.0125 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (0.01mg/kg) of gliflumide resulted in a 30-40 per cent decrease of blood glucose characterized by slow onset and long duration. The stimulation of insulin secretion was studied after intravenous injection of gliflumide (0.01 mg/kg) and compared to the action of glibenclamide (0.01 mg/kg) and tolbutamide (10 mg/kg). Although the effect of these doses, measured by the area above the initial level, was similar, a different time course of action was found. Gliflumide and glibenclamide, compared with tolbutamide, produced a delayed and prolonged response. These characteristics were more pronounced with gliflumide. Maximal serum insulin levels were found after 3, 23, and 90 minutes for tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and gliflumide, respectively. In maturity-onset diabetics requiring glibenclamide or glibenclamide + biguanide, gliflumide was shown to have about the same efficacy as glibenclamide, the corresponding doses being 1.5-5 (generally 3) times lower. PMID- 809368 TI - The significance of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the selection of non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - A statistically significant correlation can be shown to exist between the concentrations in which established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in vitro and the doses in which they exert anti inflammatory and antipyretic effects in animals. With regard to their antinociceptive activity, this relation is less distinct. Derivatives of clinically effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents can interfere with prostaglandin synthesis in vitro without displaying any activity in vivo. Moreover, the capacity to inhibit this enzyme system is not a property exclusive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents; tricyclic psychotropic drugs exert a similar action. The fact that a substance affects prostaglandin synthetase in vitro is consequently not a reliable indication that it possesses anti inflammatory properties. On the other hand, the demonstration of effects of this type is important in elucidating the mechanism of action of a drug. PMID- 809369 TI - A progress report on the University Group Diabetes Program. AB - The increase in cardiovascularortality associated with the use of oral hypoglycemic agents is emphasized. It is important that clinical pharmacologists take a more positive stand against the use of medications that have added risks that are not offset by actual benefits to the patient. PMID- 809370 TI - Methadone maintenance. AB - Management of heroin addiction with oral methadone continues to create controversy. Since the first Dole-Nyswander experiments were reported almost a decade ago, methadone maintenance programs have been started in every major city in North America at an estimated public cost in the hundreds of millions of tax dollars. By the end of 1972, the United States alone spending at an annual rate in excess of $250 million, and an expenditure rate in excess of one billion dollars was occurring by the end of 1973. Despite the FDA investigational New Drug status of methadone when used for this purpose, objective data have still not been generated to substantiate the worth of Narcotic Substitution Therapy. Iatrogenic consequences are on the increase, and scepticism is growing among most pharmacologists. A critical evaluation of the entire methadone maintenance approach is being advocated by many and being attempted by some. Data currently being generated at the Philadelphia General Hospital suggest that many patients may have been better managed without methadone. PMID- 809371 TI - Concentration of gentamicin in bronchial secretions of children with cystic fibrosis of tracheostomy. (Comparison between the intramuscular route, the endotracheal instillation and aerosolization). AB - The levels of gentamicin in blood and in secretions of the tracheobronchial tree were measured in 14 children (8 with cystic fibrosis and 6 with tracheostomy) in a cross over fashion after the administration of 40 mg of gentamicin by aerosol or by endotracheal injection. High levels of gentamicin (greater than 20 mug/ml) within the bronchial secretions were observed in 7 children after aerosolization and in 11 children after endotracheal instillation. Corresponding blood levels were low (less than 3 mug/ml) in all patients and no detectable levels were found in 10 children after aerosolization and in 6 children after endotracheal instillation. No significant differences were observed between children with cystic fibrosis and those with tracheostomy. Since intramuscular injection of gentamicin (a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg) resulted in low levels of gentamicin within the bronchial secretions (less than 2 mug/ml in 10 patients, among whom 4 had undetectable levels); it is concluded that the administration of an antibiotic such as gentamicin, directly to the trachea by endotracheal injection or by aerosolization might prove to be helpful when the infection is confined mainly to the tracheo-bronchial tree. PMID- 809372 TI - [Bacteriological studies on the therapy of bacillus pyocyaneus infections]. AB - The effect of combined antibiotics was studied in 25 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by serial diluting tests. A synergistic effect was stated in 15 strains with oxacillin plus ampicillin, and in 7 strains with carbenicillin plus ampicillin. In these examinations, the quantities of antibiotics needed each time were within the highest admissible level of therapuetic concentrations. A constant rate of the optimum single concentrations could not be observed. On principle, the inhibitory tobramycin concentrations (0.06 - 1 gamma/ml) were lower than the corresponding concentrations of gentamycin (0.25 - 2gamma/ml); tobramycin was more effective than gentamycin also in 6 strains resistant to carbenicillin, tobramycin only had a synergistic effect - in five of these six strains - when very high ampicillin concentrations (i.e. 250-500 gamma/ml) were used. PMID- 809374 TI - Analysis of 102 lesions diagnosed as "palatal tumor" in a spot diagnosis. AB - The present report analyzes 102 pathologic conditions of the palate which had been diagnosed as "palatal tumor" in a spot diagnosis at Osaka University Dental Hospital over an 8-year period. Tumors of minor salivary glands were the most frequent (51 cases, 50%). Tumors of non-salivary gland origin numbered 22 cases (21.6%), and inflammatory and cystic lesions totalled 29 cases (28.4%). The specificity of the tumors and the tumorous lesions in the palate are discussed. PMID- 809373 TI - Clinico-pharmacological examination of gentamycin in thoracic surgery. AB - Authors describe the distribution and antibiogram of 185 microorganism strains cultured from thoracic surgical diseases. Gentamycin has been efficacious in the great majority of Gram negative pathoorganisms even in cases where other antibiotics were ineffective. In 14 cases they determined gentamycin concentration of serum and removed lung tissue between the 30th and 120th minutes after intramuscular application of 80 mg gentamycin. The serum level was 2.2 to 6.4 mcg/ml, 4.6 mcg/ml in average, the lung tissue level 0.4 to 3.0 mcg/g, 1.3 mcg/g on an average, the distribution quoteint 30 to 70%, 37% in average. 17 patients were locally treated by gentamycin because of thoracic surgical infections. In acute cases the results have been good, in chronic cases improvement has been achieved. PMID- 809375 TI - Pain and temperature sensations related to local analgesia. AB - Following the injection of local analgesic solutions at room temperature (21 degrees C) and at normal body temperature (37 degrees C), respectively, in the oral submucosal region, it was found that most of the subjects experienced the solutions as being of body temperature, regardless of whether the temperature of the solution was 37 degrees C or 21 degrees C. The duration of soft tissue anesthesia was not influenced by the temperature of the solutions. After the anesthetic effect had subsided, prilocaine 4% caused post-analgesic pain less frequently than did lidocaine 2% with adrenalin 12.5 mug/ml. Following injections with different mepivacaine solutions it was found that a low pH caused more frequent pain than a high pH, that the addition of a vasoconstrictor caused more frequent pain than a plain solution, and that there was a tendency for more frequent pain with increasing concentrations of the local anesthetic agent. In this study the addition of adrenalin was not found to prolong the period of soft tissue anesthesia. PMID- 809376 TI - Analgesic effect of apernyl and phenol-camphor solutions on alveolitis. AB - Phenol-camphor or Apernyl were applied in 82 patients in whom alveolitis had been diagnosed. The effect of the drugs was recorded during the following days according to the patients' subjective judgment. The analgesic effect of Apernyl was significantly better than that of phenol-camphor. The treatment with phenol camphor took an average of 1.8 days longer than that with Apernyl. PMID- 809377 TI - Focal epithelial hyperplasia in a child from Surinam. AB - A 12-year-old Negro boy, born in Surinam and living in Amsterdam, is described. The diagnosis was focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa. Some of the clinical and histopathologic aspects of the condition are discussed. PMID- 809378 TI - Correlation between bone scanning and the radiographic image in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. AB - A case of osteosarcoma of the right mandible is described. The patient had a long standing fibrous dysplasia (Jaffe & Lichtenstein disease) in that area. The osteosarcoma did not respond to surgical treatment or radiation and continued to grow, causing the death of the patient. This case is of interest because of the correlation between the radiographic image and the 85Sr-uptake on a scintiscan which corresponded exactly to the tumor mass. PMID- 809379 TI - Changes relevant to catecholamine metabolism in liver and brain of ascorbic acid deficient guinea-pigs. AB - A chronic deficiency of ascorbic acid was induced in guinea pig. The level of catecholamines, copper and the activities of ceruplasmin, catecholamine oxidase, monoamineoxidase and acetylcholinesterase were checked in brain, liver and serum. Also the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione were measured in the organs of ascorbic acid-deficient animals. The most important changes due to the ascorbic acid deficiency were observed in the brain were monoamineoxidase, catecholamineoxidase, acetylcholinesterase and the concentration of catecholamines were altered. The statement that brain is the organ most affected by the ascorbic acid deficiency is discussed. PMID- 809380 TI - [Resection of the small intestine]. PMID- 809381 TI - The introduction of Drosophila into the study of heredity and evolution: 1900 1910. PMID- 809382 TI - A therapeutic trial of fresh plasma infusions over a period of 22 months in two siblings with Hunter's syndrome. AB - The clinical and biochemical changes following long-term treatment with infusions of fresh plasma over a period of 22 months are outlined in two siblings with the mild type of Hunter's syndrome. During the first six months of treatment, the clinical status of both siblings was characterized by accelerated growth, reduction in the size of liver and spleen, improvement in joint movement and diminution in the tendency to respiratory infections. During the remaining 16 months, these changes were less conspicuous. The first plasma infusion resulted in parallel, albeit transient, changes in pattern of urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion, manifested mainly by an increase in the cetylpyridinium-chloride nonprecipitable glycosaminoglycan fraction. The main factor contributing to this increase was found to be heparan sulfate. After subsequent plasma infusions, however, the basic pattern of urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion remained the same as before treatment, although convincing clinical changes were still evident for at least the first six months in both siblings. PMID- 809384 TI - The role of the chromosome axis. PMID- 809383 TI - Abdominal lymphoma with alpha-heavy chain disease. AB - Clinical, immunochemical and pathological studies were performed in a 27-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain, the malabsorption syndrome, and marked weight loss. Immunoelectrophoretic studies revealed alpha-heavy chains in the patient's serum, urine and intestinal juice. Treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids produced an improvement in the patient's condition and he survived for 18 months after the onset of symptoms. Autopsy revealed a malignant lymphoma of mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic type involving mainly the mesenteric lymph nodes, but also affecting the jejunal mucosa, liver, spleen and extraabdominal lymph nodes. This is the first case of abdominal lymphoma with alpha-heavy chain disease to be reported from Yugoslavia. PMID- 809385 TI - Mutations induced in two Drosophila melanogaster populations differeng in somatic sensitivity to irradiation. PMID- 809386 TI - Enhancement by methylated oxypurines of the frequency of induced chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 809387 TI - Hydatid disease in four nonhuman primates. AB - Hydatid disease was detected in 4 nonhuman primates (Galago crassicaudatus, Lemur catta, and 2 Macaca mulatta) at the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. Involvement extended from 2 1/2 to 7 1/2 years. A 6-cm cyst was surgically removed from the thoracic cavity of 1 macaque; 6 years later multiple cysts were found in its abdominal cavity. Lesions found in the primates at necropsy included compression or displacement of the lungs, hydroureter and hydronephrosis, and distension of the abdomen--all related to impingement of developing cysts. PMID- 809388 TI - Hydatid disease in a mandrill baboon. AB - Hydatidosis has been described in many species of domestic and wild mammals, including primates. Among the latter reported to have been infected are rhesus monkeys, orangutans, and savannah and drill baboons. This is a case report of hydatid disease due to Echinococcus granulosus in a mandrill baboon (Mandrillus sphinx). PMID- 809389 TI - Pneumoperitoneography in nonhuman primates. PMID- 809390 TI - Meningitis caused by Klebsiella spp in two rhesus monkeys. AB - Two adult, female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) became depressed, weak, anorectic, and adipsic. Auscultation of the thorax of 1 monkey revealed bilateral harsh rales. Neither monkey responded to therapeutic doses of antibiotics, and both died soon after treatment was started. Meningitis was demonstrated histologically and pure cultures of multiply antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella were isolated from the brains of both monkeys. Of 13 clinically normal rhesus monkeys in the same facility, 5 had multiply antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella spp in their pharynges. PMID- 809391 TI - Perinatal listeric septicemia in a Celebese black ape. AB - Perinatal listeric septicemia was diagnosed in a still-born Celebese black ape (Macaca niger). The disease was characterized by prominent focal hepatic necrosis and a diffuse, acute, fibrinopurulent placentitis. Small, gram-positive rods were demonstrable in sections of the placenta and in the liver and lungs of the fetus. Listeria monocytogenes 1A was isolated from the liver of the fetus. PMID- 809392 TI - Mycobacterium avium infection in three rhesus monkeys. AB - Naturally occurring Mycobacterium avium infection in 3 rhesus monkeys was characterized clinically and pathologically by intestinal and lymphoreticular involvement. Blood lymphocyte rosette formation and phytomitogen responses were depressed, whereas serum beta and gamma globulin concentrations were increased. Slow-growing, acid-fast, nonchromogenic bacilli isolated from lymph nodes taken at necropsy were identified as M avium serotypes 4, 18, and double types 1 and 8. PMID- 809393 TI - Erysipelas in a black and red tamarin. AB - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated in large numbers from the kidneys and was visualized histologically in the kidneys, heart muscle, skeletal muscle, selected lymph nodes, and the submandibular salivary glands of a black and red tamarin (Saguinus nigricollis) following an acute fatal illness. Sites (heart valves, joints) usually associated with disease mediated by E rhusiopathiae appeared uninvolved. PMID- 809394 TI - Cerebral tuberculosis in a rhesus monkey. AB - Tuberculosis of the cerebrum was diagnosed in a young adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Tuberculous granulomas were also found in the lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. The affected monkey was the probable index case for 7 other Macaca mulatta with tuberculosis. PMID- 809395 TI - Pneumocystis carinii infection in splenectomized owl monkeys. AB - Interstitial pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 2 splenectomized owl monkeys. Pneumonia was considered an important lesion in 1 monkey, but only an incidental finding in the 2nd monkey. Nephritis was considered to be the primary lesion in both monkeys. PMID- 809396 TI - Ectopic pregnancy in a squirrel monkey. PMID- 809397 TI - Maxillary sinus fistula in a squirrel monkey with a diseased canine tooth. PMID- 809398 TI - Coccidioidomycosis in a rhesus monkey. AB - Coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed after necropsy of a young adult male rhesus monkey obtained from El Paso, Tx. Clinical signs were confined to the respiratory tract and included tachypnea and dyspnea. Radiographic findings included multiple air-filled cavities and evidence of severe diffuse pulmonary disease. Pathologic changes were confined to the respiratory tract and were representative of the chronic progressive pulmonary form of coccidioidomycosis. Unique features of this case were the massive involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma, the formation of multiple miltiloculated cavities that arose from conducting airways, and the metaplastic epithelial changes within the cavities. Histologic examination revealed numerous spherules characteristic of Coccididioides immitis but an absence of mycelial forms. PMID- 809399 TI - Airsacculitis in the baboon. AB - A baboon (Papio anubis) that had been given opiate compounds through an indwelling catheter developed mucopurulent airsacculitis. After a prolonged course, the infection was eventually controlled by medical and surgical means. Air-sac involvement, though rarely reported in nonhuman primates, appeared frequently in the group of baboons to which this subject belonged--all of which were being treated experimentally with opiates. Proposed explanations for this unusual incidence included the propensity of opiates to induce a histamine response, almost continuous contamination of pathogenic bacteria in the indwelling catheters, and a suggested anatomic predisposition of the baboon larynx to drain secretions into the air sac. PMID- 809401 TI - Abdominal mummified fetus in an owl monkey. PMID- 809400 TI - Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma involving the buccal pouch in a crab-eating macaque. AB - Persistent swelling of the left buccal pouch was noticed in an adult female crab eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). A mass involving almost the entire musculature of the pouch was removed surgically. The histopahtologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrence of the mass was treated by a combination of surgical excision and radiation therapy. PMID- 809402 TI - Grisorixin, an ionophorous antibiotic of the nigericin group. I. Fermentation, isolation, biological properties and structure. AB - Grisorixin is an ionophorous antibiotic of the nigericin group isolated from cultures of a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It shows activity against Gram positive bacteria and fungi but is also very toxic. The isolation and purification procedures are reported. Its structure and physico-chemical properties are also described. PMID- 809403 TI - Changes in the extracellular accumulation of antibiotics during growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis in liquid culture. PMID- 809404 TI - Quality control of serum gentamicin assays--experience of national surveys. PMID- 809405 TI - For and against carfecillin--a matter of resistance? PMID- 809406 TI - Treatment and follow-up studies with co-trimoxazole in enteric fever and in typhoid carriers. PMID- 809407 TI - The antibacterial activity of a new cephalosporin, defamandole. PMID- 809408 TI - Clinical, pharmacokinetic and laboratory study of penicillin V in the treatment of acute urinary infection. PMID- 809409 TI - Cardiac norepinephrine stores and chronotropic reflex response after thoracotomy. AB - Although alterations in cardiac reflex activity, as well as in cardiac norepinephrine stores, have been shown following thoracic operations, the physiological relationship between these alterations has not been investigated. Cardiac norepinephrine stores were examined in 17 normal dogs, and in 16 dogs 1-6 wk after a right thoracotomy. The heart rate response to induced arterial hypotension (mean decrease 17-20 mmHg) prior to and following surgery was also examined in 10 dogs. A significant depression in right atrial norepinephrine stores from normal levels of 1.95 +/- 0.13 mug/g to 1.30 +/- 0.25 mug/g (33%) (P less than 0.05) was observed during the first wk following surgery. During the same period the heart rate response to a fall of 17-20 mmHg systolic arterial pressure was clearly reduced from 52.8 +/- 6.9 beats/min to 17.0 +/- 4.8 beats/min (67.8%; P less than 0.05). Right atrial norepinephrine stores at the time of the initial operation and when reflex responses were most markedly depressed demonstrated that the decrease in norepinephrine stores was paralleled by attenuation of the chronotropic response to hypotension. PMID- 809410 TI - Maximum expiratory flow-volume studies on monkeys exposed to bituminous coal dust. AB - To assess early ventilatory responses at the 2 mg/m3 bituminous coal dust standard, 23 cynomolgus monkeys were exposed by inhalation to Pennsylvania and Utah coal dust. Ten controls were utilized. Pennsylvania coal was selected from a field having a high prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis while the Utah coal was selected from a low prevalence area. After 24 mo of exposure, a pattern of pulmonary impairment consistent with peripheral airway obstruction was demonstrated. Reductions were observed in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum midexpiratory flow rate, and especially maximum expiratory flow at small lung volumes. Hyperinflation (RV/TLC) was observed in both coal treatments; however, no specific lung volumes differed significantly from controls. No differences were found between the Pennsylvania and Utah treatments. Design and specifications for a new hydraulically operated plethysmograph-respirator are included. PMID- 809411 TI - An inexpensive Plexiglas metabolism cage for the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - A light, sturdy, and inexpensive metabolism cage for use with the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) is described. The design allows for efficient urine and feces separation, ease of maintenance, and little interference with individual and social behavior patterns. Standard laboratory procedures for reduction of sampling error are presented, as well as results of a pilot study using the described apparatus. The design of the cage is such that, with minor modifications, it can be utilized by other small primates. PMID- 809412 TI - Mutant of Bacillus subtilis with a temperature-sensitive lesion in ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination. AB - We have isolated a mutant of Baccillus subtilis with a temperature-sensitive lesion in the process of spore germination. The temperature-sensitive mutation affects only germination and outgrowth, and the earliest defect observed is an early block of ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination at 46 C. Upon return to 35 C there is a complete repair of the impaired function, even in the absence of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis inhibition during germination of the mutant spores at 46 C has the effect of increasing the amount of ribonucleic acid made. The temperature-sensitive mutation is located near aroI. PMID- 809413 TI - Labeling the deoxyribonucleic acid of Anacystis nidulans. AB - Analysis of cell-free extracts of Anacystis nidulans disclosed the absence of both thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4) and thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) activities. Thymine and thymidine were incorporated inefficiently by intact cells of A. nidulans either in the presence or absence of deoxyguanosine (250 mug/ml). Deoxythymidine monophosphate incorporation was also inefficient. Radioactive deoxyadenosine, at a minimally toxic level (3 mug/ml), was incorporated effectively into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradient analysis of the DNA revealed that both the plasmid DNA and the principal DNA of the A. nidulans genome were labeled effectively in cells exposed to [8-14C]deoxyadenosine. PMID- 809415 TI - Isolation and initial characterization of a uracil auxotroph of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. AB - A uracil-requiring auxotroph of Anacystis nidulans was isolated after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine. Neither precursors in the de novo pyrimidine pathway nor compounds of "salvage" or degradative pathways could replace the uracil requirement. The reversion frequency for mutation to a nonuracil requirement for growth was 2.0 times 10(-8). The calculated average rate of uracil utilization was 1.1 times 10(-17) mol of uracil per unit cell mass/h. The amount of uracil required for the synthesis of a unit cell mass was 3.8 times 10( 17) mol of uracil. PMID- 809414 TI - Nucleic acid synthesis and ribonucleic acid polymerase specificity in germinating and outgrowing spores of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Nucleic acid synthesis was studied during germination and outgrowth of normal spores of Bacillus subtilis, as well as of spores carrying the genome of phage phie. In a system in which development was restricted to the spore-darkening phase, synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), but not deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was detected. The extent of RNA synthesis and turnover, during this phase was similar for the two types of spores. In a partially darkened population of spores of either type, there was little RNA degradation, whereas there was considerable turnover in a fully darkened population. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of dormant or dark spores was not active in vitro with phi DNA as template, although a sigma-like factor could be separated from the polymerizing activity by zone centrifugation. Within 40 min after resuspension of dark spores in a medium that allows outgrowth, the enzyme acquired the ability to transcribe the phage DNA efficiently. During outgrowth, both normal and carrier spores synthesized DNA, but in carrier spores this DNA was almost entirely phage specific. The pattern of RNA accumulation in normal spores was in two distinct phase (0 to 60 min and 90 to 180 min). The second phase was absent in outgrowing carrier spores. The burst of phage in carrier spores occurred at 160 to 180 min. PMID- 809416 TI - Effects of temperature and nutritional changes on the fatty acids of agmenellum quadruplicatum. AB - The fatty acid composition of the blue-green bacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum was examined under a wide variety of growth conditions. The fatty acid composition was found to undergo significant changes with variations in temperature, media composition, and growth phase (log versus stationary). With increasing growth temperature (20 to 43 C) log-phase cells exhibited an increase in saturated fatty acids (38.4% at 20 C to 63.6% at 43 C). Striking changes were seen with some of the individual fatty acids such as 18.3, which made up 16.0% of the total fatty acid at 20 C but was not neasurable at 43 C. Fatty acid 12:0 was not measurable at 20 C but made up 16.3% of the total fatty acids at 43 C. Cell lipids were separated into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and very polar liquid fractions. The neutral lipid fraction was composed almost entirely of 12 carbon fatty acids (12:0, 12:1). Glycolipid and very polar lipids were more similar in their fatty acid composition when compared to the total cellular fatty acids, although they did lack 12 carbon fatty acids. The total of 12 carbon fatty acids in the cell can be used as an indicator of the amount of neutral lipid present. PMID- 809417 TI - Evidence for the synthesis of soluble peptidoglycan fragments by protoplasts of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Growing protoplasts of Streptococcus faecalis 9790 were found to synthesize and excrete soluble peptidoglycan fragments. The presence of soluble peptidoglycan derivatives in culture supernatants was determined by (i) incorporation of three different radioactively labeled precursors (L-lysine, D-alanine, and acetate) into products which, after hen egg-white lysozyme hydrolysis, had the same KD values on gel filtration as muramidase hydrolysis products of isolated walls; (ii) inhibition of net synthesis of these products by cycloserine and vancomycin; and (iii) identification of disaccharide-peptide monomer using the beta elimination reaction, gel filtration, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Under the conditions of these experiments the presence of newly synthesized, acid precipitable (macromolecular) peptidoglycan was not detected. The predominance of monomer (70 to 80%) in lysozyme digests of peptidoglycan synthesized by protoplasts was in sharp contrast to digest of walls from intact streptococci which contain mostly peptide cross-linked products. Biosynthesis and release of relatively uncross-linked, soluble peptidoglycan fragments by protoplasts was related to the absence of suitable, preexisting acceptor wall. PMID- 809418 TI - Characterization of the presumed peptide cross-links in the soluble peptidoglycan fragments synthesized by protoplasts of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Protoplasts of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were produced with the aid of lysozyme, and the ability of these bodies to synthesize soluble, peptide cross linked peptidoglycan (PG) fragments was examined. Lysozyme digests of PG isolated using gel filtration from the supernatant medium of protoplasts grown in the presence of [14C]acetate and L-[3H]lysine contained small amounts of PG having KD expected for peptide cross-linked dimers and trimers. Addition of benzyl penicillin (300 mug/ml) to growing protoplast cultures did not affect the net amount of PG fragments synthesized but resulted in inhibition of synthesis of dimer and trimer fractions by 27 and 59%, respectively. Failure of penicillin to completely inhibit the accumulation of the dimer fraction was attributed to the presence of atypical forms of dimer. In fact, the supernatant medium of penicillin-treated cultures did not contain detectable amounts of typical peptide cross-linked dimer. The degree of peptide cross-linkage of protoplast PG was at most only 13% of that found in walls isolated from intact streptococci. The relative amounts of monomers, dimers, and trimers synthesized during early and late stages of protoplast growth was approximately the same. Protoplasts synthesized soluble PG fragments in amounts which were of the same order of magnitude as that expected for insoluble PG produced by an equivalent amount of intact streptococci. PMID- 809419 TI - Synthesis of peptidoglycan in the form of soluble glycan chains by growing protoplasts (autoplasts) of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Protoplasts (autoplasts) of Streptococcus faecalis were produced by the action of native autolytic N-acetylmuramidase in the absence of added peptidoglycan hydrolases and were grown in osmotically stabilized medium containing L [3H]lysine and D-[14C]alanine. To reduce the level of muralytic hydrolysis of glycan chains during growth, heat-inactivated cell walls were added to the medium to bind autolytic enzyme, and tetracycline (1 mug/ml) was added to inhibit further enzyme synthesis. Under these conditions, protoplasts synthesized newly labeled peptidoglycan in the form of soluble, infrequently peptide cross-linked glycan chains which were released into the supernatant medium. These relatively large glycan chains were not transferred to exogenously added cell walls. PMID- 809420 TI - Interaction of protoplasts, L forms, and bacilli of Bacillus subtilis with 12 strains of bacteriophage. AB - The interaction of 12 phage strains with bacilli, protoplasts, and L forms of Bacillus subtilis 168 and with eight of its mutants and two of its lysogens is described qualitatively and quantitatively. After removal of the cell wall from B. subtilis 168, 11 of the 12 phage strains can still adsorb to the protoplasts, nine kill their wall-less host cells, and five multiply in the naked bacteria, forming plaques on L form lawns. Individual gene mutations can have similarly pleiotropic effects, strongly dependent upon the plating medium. Thus, the gta A mutation, which causes loss of glucosylation of the wall teichoic acid, results in loss of wall adsorption sites for phi (but not membrane sites) and for phi105. Phages phi25, SP82G and phie can still adsorb to gta A bacilli and plaque in unstabilized and sorbitol-stabilized lawns of this mutant, but they can not plaque in sucrose-stabilized lawns. The lysogenized wild type, B. subtilis 168 (SPO2), also exhibits a pleiotropic pattern, showing different levels of resistance to phages SPO2, phi1, phie, and phi25. Its resistance pattern is very similar to that of wild-type protoplasts. On the basis of such patterns, the bacterial mutants and strain B. subtilis 168 (SPO2) could be ordered into four classes and the phage strains classified into four to six groups. Together, they form four to six interaction complexes, based partly on adsorption sites and perhaps partly on metabolic blocks in phage development. PMID- 809421 TI - Pleiotropic phenomena in autolytic enzyme(s) content, flagellation, and simultaneous hyperproduction of extracellular alpha-amylase and protease in a Bacillus subtilis mutant. AB - A mutant of Bacillus subtilis 6160 that had been isolated by its hyperproduction of alpha-amylase and protease lacked flagella and motility, and its content of autolytic enzyme(s) was reduced to one-third to one-fourth that of the parent. These phenotypic differences were completely co-transferred by the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the mutant when five DNA recipient strains of B. subtilis were transformed. The revertants, isolated by motility with a frequency of approximately 10(-7), recovered a normal level of autolytic activity and showed reduced productivity of alpha-amylase and protease. This point mutation allowed normal flagellin synthesis, spore formation, and rate of growth. The comparison of cell envelope of the mutant with that of the parent indicated that there was no significant difference except loss of flagella. Therefore the association at the cell surface of a group of extracellular proteins consisting of alpha-amylase, proteases, flagellin, and autolytic enzymes(s) seem to be coordinately regulated by the gene or seem to be affected coordinately by certain undetected alterations of the cell envelope. PMID- 809422 TI - Localization of D-lactate dehydrogenase in membrane vesicles prepared by using a french press or ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme from Escherichia coli. AB - The localization of D-lactate dehydrogenase in membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli was studied using antibody against the purified enzyme. The activity of D-lactate dehydrogenase and D-lactate-dependent oxygen uptake of membrane vesicles prepared by using a French press were completely inhibited by this antibody, suggesting that the enzyme is localized on the outside of these vesicles. This and previous results (Futai, 1974) strongly indicate the inversion of these vesicles. The D-lactate dehydrogenase and D-lactate-dependent oxygen uptake of membrane vesicles prepared by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme were inhibited about 15% by the antibody, whereas proline transport of the vesicles was insensitive to antibody. These results suggest that most of the membrane vesicles have D-lactate dehydrogenase on the inside of the membrane and that such vesicles transport amino acids. This essentially confirms the results of Short, Kaback, and Kohn (1975). However, unlike them we observed that a small but significant portion of activity was sensitive to the antibody as shown above. This portion may represent the completely inverted vesicles in the preparation. Ferricyanide reductase activity cannot be detected in spheroplasts, but about 30 to 50% of the total was detected in membrane vesicles prepared by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. This confirms our previous findings with membrane prepared by a slightly different procedure. It is concluded that in these vesicles about half the reactive sites for ferricyanide are moved from inside to outside the membrane, whereas 85% of the D-lactate dehydrogenase remains inside the membrane. PMID- 809423 TI - Mutation of Bacillus subtilis causing hyperproduction of alpha-amylase and protease, and its synergistic effect. AB - Mutants that had a genetic lesion increasing the production of alpha-amylase and protease simultaneously were isolated from a transformable strain of Bacillus subtilis Marburg by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. These mutants produced two to three times more alpha-amylase and five to 16 times more protease than their parent and were tentatively referred to as AP mutants. As this mutation seems to have occurred at a single gene of the bacterial chromosome and was not located near the alpha-amylase structural gene, the gene was designated as "pap." When pap- and amyR2 (an alpha amylase regulator gene) or pap- and ProH coexisted in the same cell, synergistic effects of the two genetic characters were observed on the alpha-amylase and protease production, respectively. Upon introduction of the pap mutation, the following phenotypic changes were observed in addition to changes in alpha-amylase and protease productivity. (i) Mutants lost the character of competence for the transformation. (ii) When cells were cultured at 30 C for 30 h, mutant cells became filament owing to the formation of chains of cells. (iii) Autolysis of cells was decreased in the mutants. When pap- was transferred to the wild strain by deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation, the transformants showed all these phenotypic alterations simultaneously. PMID- 809424 TI - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus. AB - Two of eighteen strains of Bacillus subtilis examined contained covalently closed circular duplex deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of homogeneous size and buoyant density. Strain ATCC 15841 contained about 16 copies per chromosome of plasmid pPL1, a circular DNA element having a molecular weight of about 4.7 times 10(6) and a buoyant density of 1.700. Strain ATCC 7003 contained about one to two copies per chromosome of plasmid pPL2. pPL2 had a molecular weight of about 46 times 10(6) and a buoyant density of 1.696. Strain ATCC 7003 appeared to be closely related to B. subtilis 168 by genetic, physiological, and biochemical criteria. Strain ATCC 15841 appeared to be much less closely related. B. pumilus ATCC 12140 contained two size classes of covalently closed circular duplex DNA. The plasmids pMB1 and pMB2 had molecular weights of about 6.8 times 10(6) and 5.3 times 10(6), respectively, and were present in several copies per chromosome. PMID- 809425 TI - Ribonucleic acid polymerase of germinating Bacillus cereus T. AB - It appears that a de novo synthesis of the deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid-polymerase in Bacillus cereus T takes place fairly late in outgrowth, at the onset of the vegetative cycle. Therefore, the ribonucleic acid polymerase used by germinating spores is the one carried on from sporulating cells. However, the sporal enzyme is less soluble that the vegetative one, and its "core" is bound to two extra peptides. This complexing to other molecules could play a role in the regulation of gene expression during germination. PMID- 809426 TI - Coats from Myxococcus xanthus: characterization and synthesis during myxospore differentiation. AB - An extracellular coat from glycerol-induced myxospores of Myxococcus xanthus has been isolated and characterized. Coats were examined chemically and by using both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. On a dry weight basis, approximately 75% of the coat is polysaccharide composed entirely of galactosamine and glucose. The remainder of the coat is protein (14%), glycine (8%), and organic phosphorus (less than 1%). Coats remained morphologically intact despite boiling in 10 M urea, sodium lauryl sulfate plus beta mercaptoethanol, or extraction with warm phenol. Coats also resisted digestion with a variety of proteolytic and polysaccharide degrading enzymes. Synthesis of myxospore coat begins approximately 1 h after the addition of glycerol to a culture. One portion of the coat is complete by 5 to 6 h but additional material consisting primarily of glucose is added after 8 h. PMID- 809427 TI - Cholesterol incorporation into bacterial membranes. AB - The wall-covered bacteria Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Bacillus megaterium, and Proteus mirabilis incorporated exogenous cholesterol into their cytoplasmic membrane in quantities resembling those incorporated by sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas. Cholesterol incorporation into the outer membrane of P. mirabilis was much more restricted than into the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 809428 TI - Role of bacterial ribosome subunits in barotolerance. AB - The barotolerant nature of protein synthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens is shown to be associated with the 30S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 809429 TI - Protease associated with spores of Bacillus cereus. AB - A proteolytic activity is associated with the dormant spores of Bacillus cereus T and can be solubilized by washing the spores with 1 M KCl. This proteolytic activity is responsible for the attack of beta chains of ribonucleic acid polymerase in extracts of dormant spores of this organism. PMID- 809430 TI - Ultrastructure of the intact interface between an endosseous epoxy resin dental implant and the host tissues. PMID- 809431 TI - [Autoradiographic study using tritiated glycine, on the effect of pulpectomy, followed by root canal obturation, on collagen synthesis in the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone]. PMID- 809432 TI - Interaction of N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase with cell wall polymers. AB - In a previous communication (J. Biol. Chem. (1975) 250, 1676-1682), methods were described for the purification of the N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 and of a modifier protein which combines stoichiometrically with the enzyme and stimulates the activity approximately 3 fold. A detailed examination of the wall cleavage products obtained in the absence and in the presence of modifier indicates that the major effect of the modifier is not to change the enzyme velocity, but rather to change the pattern of cleavage from a more random pattern, when enzyme alone hydrolyzes the cell wall, to a sequential pattern in the presence of modifier protein. Tight binding of the enzyme to the cell wall and functional interaction with the modifier occur only when cell walls from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 containing or teichoic acid are used as a substrate. We suggest that a general function of cell wall teichoic acids is to act as specific "allosteric" ligands for bacterial cell wall lytic enzymes as has been demonstrated previously in Pneumococci (Tomasz, A., and Westphal, M (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 2627-2630). PMID- 809433 TI - The oxygenated bacterial luciferase-flavin intermediate. Reaction products via the light and dark pathways. AB - The identity and stoichiometry of the reaction products of the oxygenated reduced flavin bacterial luciferase intermediate isolated by Sephadex chromatography at low temperature have been determined under two conditions, allowing the reaction to go to completion by warming either in the presence or absence of long chain aliphatic aldehyde. In the latter case, very little bioluminescence occurs, and 1 mol each of H2O2 and FMN is produced per mol of enzyme intermediate. In the presence of aldehyde, the formation of an aldehyde-enzyme intermediate complex can be detected by optical absorption spectroscopy at -30 degrees; upon warming, bioluminescence with high quantum yield occurs with the formation of 1 mol of FMN but no H2O2. PMID- 809434 TI - Immunological relationships between chick embryo polymerases. PMID- 809435 TI - Tetanus toxin. The effect of chemical modifications on toxicity, immunogenicity, and conformation. AB - Tetanus toxin has been isolated from the extract of Clostridium tetani and analyzed for purity using various methods, e.g. sedimentation velocity, gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunodiffusion. The homogeneous toxin, characterized by a minimum lethal dose of 10 pg (18- to 20-g mouse), was judged to be of high purity. The amino acid composition was determined and found to be in good agreement with reported values for both filtrate and extract toxin. The corrected sedimentation coefficient, so20,w, was found to be 7.5, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 150,000. These values agree closely with those reported by others. The toxin was modified using the conventional formaldehyde reaction to produce toxoid and both reductive methylation and carbamylation, which are highly specific for lysyl residues. Under certain reaction conditions, carbamylation of the toxin completely eliminated toxicity. Whereas reductive methylation yielded a high degree of conversion of lysine to dimethyllysine and monomethyllysine, the toxicity, albeit greatly reduced, was never completely eliminated. The circular dichroic spectrum of each chemically modified toxin was obtained, resolved into Gaussian components, and compared with that of native toxin, which is estimated to contain about 20% alpha helix and 23% beta structure. The far ultraviolet circular dichroic spectra of toxin and toxoid were characterized by negative extrema at 208 nm and 217 nm attributable to ordered secondary structure, and toxin also exhibited a distinct shoulder at 223 nm. Carbamylated toxin and methylated toxin were characterized by negative extrema at 210 nm and 206 nm, respectively, and both exhibited shoulders at 216 to 217 nm and 223 nm. The toxin and derivatives exhibited multiple negative extrema above 250 nm which were assigned to the various aromatic residues. There were differences in the spectra of the toxin and derivatives over the entire wavelength region, thus suggesting changes in the local environment of various chromophores. In particular, the rotational strengths of many of the bands assigned to tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were altered in the derivatives. Also, in the far ultraviolet region of the circular dichroic spectrum, the data were suggestive of some reduction in the amount of both alpha helix and beta structure in the derivatives. However, there was no evidence of extensive conformational changes, e.g. unfolding, in the modified toxins. Presently, it is not known if the small conformational differences between toxin and toxoid are important in the loss of toxicity with the retention of immunogenicity in the derivative. The modification data are consistent with the hypothesis that separate amino acid residues are involved in toxicity and immunogenicity. PMID- 809436 TI - Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase induced by bacteriophage T4. III. Isolation and characterization of proteins B1 and B2. AB - Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase determined by bacteriophage T4 consists of a tight complex (alpha2beta2) of the polypeptide chains alpha (Mr = 80,000 to 85,000) and beta (Mr = 35,000). The alpha2 dimer (= protein B1) was purified from Escherichia coli B infected with T4 mutant nrdB55 (Yeh, Y.C., and Tessman, I. (1972) Virology 47, 767-772) which carries an amber mutation in the gene coding for the beta polypeptide chain. Protein B1 contained binding sites for dATP, an allosteric effector of the reductase. The beta2 dimer (= protein B2) was purified by selective desorption with 1 M guanidine HCl from a dATP-Sepharose affinity column containing adsorbed native T4 ribonucleotide reductase. Protein B2, isolated this way, was enzymatically inactive due to partial loss of its iron but it could be reactivated by treatment with ferrous iron. Active protein B2 contained two atoms of non-heme iron per molecule and exhibited the optical and electron spin resonance spectra previously demonstrated in the native enzyme. The T4-induced proteins B1 and B2 were unable to reduce ribonucleotides when assayed separately but were active in combination. The proteins did not form catalytically functional hybrids with proteins B1 and B2 of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase, neither did they cross-react immunologically with the latter. 5-Hydroxymethyl-dCTP, at concentrations above 10 muM, was a positive allosteric effector of T4 ribonucleotide reductase promoting the reduction of the pyrimidine ribonucleotides CDP and UDP. The nucleotide had little effect on E. coli ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 809437 TI - Modification of bovine alpha-lactalbumin with N-bromosuccinimide and 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzylbromide. AB - Reaction of alpha-lactalbumin at pH 7 in aqueous solution with either 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzylbromide or N-bromosuccinimide yields derivatives in which only 2 of the 4 tryptophan residues are modified. All 4 residues of tryptophan are modified under the similar conditions in 8 M urea. Structural analysis of the modified derivatives revealed that tryptophans 26 and 118 are the sole reactive residues and that tryptophan 118 reacts more rapidly than tryptophan 26. The fluorescence of alpha-lactalbumin modified to varying extents with N-bromosuccinimide indicates that tryptophan 118 is exposed to solvent whereas tryptophan 26 is in a more hydrophobic environment. The chemical reactivities and fluorescence properties of tryptophans 26 and 118 are consistent with the proposed conformations of alpha-lactalbumin based on its similarity with egg white lysozyme. The kinetic properties of both derivatives of alpha-lactalbumin containing up to 2 modified residues indicate that each derivative has decreased affinity for the galactosyltransferase but that at saturating concentrations, Km and Vmax for lactose synthesis are unchanged from those of native alpha lactalbumin. PMID- 809438 TI - Covalently bound FAD in d-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase. Immunological studies of D- and L-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase: evidence for a D-enzyme precursor. AB - Antersera prepared against both enantiozymes, D- and L-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase, formed precipitins in double diffusion tests with their respective antigens only. A mixture of the two antisera caused spur formation of the two precipitin lines obtained with the pure enzymes. Antiserum to L-apoprotein reacted with native L enzyme and L-apoprotein but not with the D-sspecific enzyme. D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity was inhibited by the anti-D-antiserum, leaving the L-enzyme fully active, while anti-L-antiserum inhibited the L- but not the D-specific activity. The delayed induction of D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase as compared to the other activities of the nicotine-degrading sequence and the differential immunochemical behavior of the enantiozymes allowed the search for a D-enzyme precursor. In cells harvested 3 hours after the addition of DL-nicotine, the L enzyme activity was present, whereas no D-enzyme activity could be detected. However, an extract of these cells did form an immunoprecipitin line with anti-D antiserum. L-6-Hydroxynicotine oxidase, but no D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity, could also be induced in Arthrobacter oxidans grown in a medium with a high glucose content and DL-nicotine as the sole nitrogen source. An extract of these L-induced cells produced the specific immunoprecipitation with anti-D antiserum. A pulse-chase experiment with cells grown first on glucose and DL nicotine in the presence of [14C]leucine and then in an unlabeled medium which induces D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity resulted in a radioactive D-enzyme immunoprecipitin line. From these experiments it is concluded that a precursor of the active D-enzyme is induced simultaneously with the other nicotine-degrading enzymes. PMID- 809439 TI - Isolation and characterization of tryptophan transaminase and indolepyruvate C methyltransferase. Enzymes involved in indolmycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus. AB - Two enzymes, tryptophan transaminase and indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase, which are active in the initial steps of the biosynthetic pathway of the antibiotic indolmycin, have been detected and partially purified from cell-free extracts of Streptomyces griseus. The transaminase has been purified 3-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation. At this stage of purification, it catalyzes the alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination of L tryptophan, 3-methyltryptophan, L-pphenylalanine, and L-tyrosine. The C methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S adenosylmethionine to position 3 of the aliphatic side chain of indolepyruvate. No cofactors are required. The C-methyltransferase has been purified 110-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex column chromotography, and Bio-Gel A-5m gel filtration. The enzyme has a broad pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.5. A molecular weight of 55,000 +/- 5,000 has been determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration with reference proteins and a molecular weight of 58,000 +/- 8,000 has been determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme is relatively stable at temperatures of 0-5 degrees but is destroyed by freezing or by heating. The C-methyltransferase is inhibited strongly by the thiol reagents p-chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The Zn2+ and Fe2+ chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine also inhibit the enzyme activity but EDTA does not. Michaelis-Menten constants have been determined for the 110-fold purified enzyme as 1.2 X 10(-5) M for S adenosylmethionine and 4.8 X 10(-6) M for indolepyruvate. The enzyme activity in the crude extract is inhibited competitively by indolmycin (Ki equals 2.3 mM) and L-tryptophan (Ki equals 0.17 mM), but these effects are not observed after the enzyme has been passed through the Sephades G-150 column during purification. The crude extract is capable of methylating phenylpyruvate and p hydroxyphenylpyruvate but this capability is lost upon purification of the indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase activity. No methylation of L-tryptophan occurs under the conditions used. PMID- 809440 TI - Interactions between solubilized cytochrome P-450 and hepatic microsomes. AB - Solubilized cytochrome P-450 has been prepared from the livers of 3 methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. The enzyme preparation does not catalyze the monoxygenase reactions unless NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and phospholipids are also present. Addition of solubilized cytochrome P-450 to rat liver microsomes increases the NADPH-dependent benzpyrene hydroxylase activity. The extent of the enhancement in catalytic activity is proportional to the amount of exogenous cytochrome P-450 bound to the microsomes. The microsomal bound exogenous cytochrome P-450 can be enzymically reduced and hence is capable of catalyzing the oxygenation of benzpyrene. The addition of solubilized cytochrome P-450 also enhances the NADH-supported microsomal benzpyrene hydroxylation and the NADH synergism of the NADPH-supported reaction. It is proposed that the added cytochrome P-450 can be incorporated into the membrane and become a functional part of the microsomal monoxygenase system. PMID- 809441 TI - Metabolism of neutral glycosphingolipids in plasma of a normal human and a patient with Fabry's disease. AB - [6-2H2]Glucose was used as a tracer for a comparative study on the metabolism of the neutral glycosylceramides in plasma of a control subject and a patient with Fabry's disease. The incorporation of the tracer into the glucosyl and galactosyl moieties of the glycosphingolipids was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the tetra-0-acetyl methyl glycoside derivatives. Experiments on the precision and accuracy for measurements of [6,6-2H2]hexose in a sample demonstrated that incorporation of 0.2% or more of [6,6-2H2]glucose could be detected with a 95% confidence limit of +/-0.16%. The labeled substrate (35g) was infused into each subject with a 5-g priming dose and the remainder administered at a constant rate of 3 g/hour over a 10-hour period. During the infusion, the plasma glucose of each subject attained a concentration of about 30% [6,6 2H2]glucose which diminished rapidly after the administration of substrate was complete. A concentration of 0.8% [6,6-2H2]glucose was observed in glucosylceramide (GL-la) from plasma of both subjects between 48 and 72 hours after the infusion began. The label disappeared from this lipid at a logarithmic rate and 0.2% or less of the molecules were labeled 9 days after the experiment began. In contrast to the results with GL-la, the maximum incorporation of [6,6 2H2]hexose into lactosylceramide (galactosyl-(beta1 leads to 4)-glucosylceramide) was 2-fold higher in the Fabry patient (1.6%) than in the control (0.8%). The trihexosylceramide (galactosyl-(alpha1 leads to 4)-galactosyl-(beta1 leads to 4) glucosylceramide, GL-3a) from plasma of the control reached a maximum of 0.4% [6,6-2H2]hexose in both the glucosyl and galactosyl moieties whereas the GL-3a from the Fabry patient was not significantly labeled. The maximal labeling of the GL-4a fraction (N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-galactosyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide) was slightly depressed in the Fabry patient (0.4%) as compared to the control (0.7%). Turnover times for the glycosphingolipids of plasma were calculated to be from 4 to 8 days and the turnover rates were from 1 to 6 mumol/day. PMID- 809442 TI - Identification and localization of the major proteins degraded during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. AB - Of the 15 to 20% of total spore protein which is degraded during germination of spores of Bacillus megaterium, greater than 80% is derived from a protein fraction soluble in dilute acids such as acetic acid that contains two major proteins, termed A and B. These two proteins are low or absent in germinated spores, log phase cells, and early stationary phase cells, but both are synthesized and appear in parallel late in sporulation after the appearance of nonrefractile forespores but before the appearance of refractile spores. These proteins accumulate during the time that the developing spore becomes resistant to ultraviolet light but well before acquisition of heat resistance. Both proteins are located in the core of the dormant spore, but analysis of ruptured spores has revealed no binding of protein A or B to ribosomes, membranes, or DNA. PMID- 809443 TI - Purification and properties of some unique low molecular weight basic proteins degraded during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. AB - Two major proteins, termed proteins A and B, and one minor species, termed protein C, have been purified to homogeneity from dilute acid extracts of dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium. These three species comprise approximately 80% of the protein in the dilute acid extracts and account for 60 to 75% of the protein degraded during spore germination. All three proteins have low molecular weights (7,000 to 10,000), high isoelectric points (greater than 9.8), alanine as the NH2 terminal amino acid, are more hydrophilic than most proteins, and all lack cysteine, cystine, and tryptophan. In addition all three proteins are extremely sensitive to a wide variety of proteolytic enzymes, much more so than "average" proteins such as serum albumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin. These proteins also bind to both purified DNA and to a nuclear body from dormant spores. Although this binding gives little or no protection to proteins A and B from proteolysis, it does result in elevation of the melting temperature of the DNA by as much as 20degrees. PMID- 809444 TI - A new method for producing proteic coatings. PMID- 809445 TI - Antimicrobial polymers. AB - A number of carboxyl-containing ethylene copolymers have been prepared which exhibit long term antibacterial and antifungal properties. These materials containing antimicrobial agents bound to the copolymer backbone as carboxylate salts, have been tested for their applicability to hospital products as a means of providing "self-sanitizing" articles. Tests have shown that these materials, although not bactericidal, do inhibit microbial growth. Investigations of the compatibility of these polymers with commodity polymers have been made and water emulsions of the polymers have been tested for applicability as components of product protectant coatings. PMID- 809446 TI - The influence of compositional variations on bone ingrowth of implanted porous calcium aluminate ceramics. AB - Sixteen ceramic specimens were implanted in the femur of mature rhesus monkeys. The specimens consisted of four groups of a basic calcium aluminate composition with additions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). The increasing amounts of P2O5 caused variations in the resorption rate, microstructure and surface characteristics of the implant. The influence of these variables on bone and tissue growth within and about the implant was investigated. After sacrifice the ceramic-bone specimens were studied by a tetracycline-based histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. The results indicate an increase in mesenchymal cell proliferation, fibrous and bone tissue formation at the ceramic tissue interface and within the implant with increasing concentrations of P2O5. The results obtained from the study did not furnish sufficient evidence to differentiate between the direct chemical influence the increasing P2O5 had on osseous tissue formation or the indirect influence that may have resulted from its effect on the ceramic microstructure and morphology. PMID- 809447 TI - The epithelium contiguous with the neck of intraosseous dental implants. AB - There are three distinct regions with which a wedge shaped dental implant is in contact; the intraoral, transitional and intraosseous portions. The environment of each of these is different and will require special consideration. This investigation compares the epithelium found associated with a natural tooth to that which is found contiguous with the transitional region of an implant. The possibility of a pseudojunctional epithelium being formed in association with a glass collar processed onto the neck of a wedge shaped implant is examined. The histological appearance of a specimen in situ for 11 months shows an altered epithelial structure compared to that found adjacent to the neck of an unmodified titanium wedge shaped implant. Because the implant and glass must be mechanically separated from the tissue being examined, the value of demeneralized histological sections is limited. However, examination by a Scanning Electron Microscope of the surface of the glass after removal reveals an area of clear glass in the deeper region of the collar. Above this there is a deposit, the exact nature of which is unknown, but which migth be interpreted as the contents of the gingival crevice. Although this might be interpreted as a type of epithelial attachment, other factors are necessary to ensure close gingival adaptation and limitation on epithelial downgrowth. PMID- 809448 TI - Mechanical studies of the bone bioglass interfacial bond. AB - A series of squirrel monkeys received segmental femoral replacements in a study of the strength of the interface developed between the implant and bone. Implants were either made completely of bioglass-ceramic, or 316L stainless steel with a flame-sprayed coating of bioglass. Fracture torque, energy at fracture, and shear stress at failure were compared to values obtained from a control group of pairs of tibias. Femurs containing bulk bioglass-ceramic implants showed about a 25% difference in strength compared to the opposite bone, while femurs containing flame-sprayed implants exhibited extremely low structural strength. While the strength of the metal-glass bond was very low (less than 500 kgf/cm2), the bone bioglass bond was found to be at least as strong as the bioglass-ceramic, and at least 3/4 as strong as the host bone. PMID- 809449 TI - Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. I. Preparation of free and membrane bound ribosomal fractions. Assessment of the methods and properties of the ribosomes. AB - A cell fractionation procedure is described which allowed, by use of MOPC 21 (P3K) mouse plasmocytoma cells in culture, the separation of the cytoplasmic free and membrane-bound ribosomes in fractions devoid of mutual cross-contamination, and in which the polyribosomal structure was entirely preserved. This was achieved by sedimentation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient in which the two ribosome populations migrate in opposite directions. A variety of controls (electron microscopy, labeling of membrane lipids, further repurification of the isolated fractions) provided no evidence of cross contamination of these populations. However, when an excess of free 60S or 40S subunits, labeled with a different isotope, was added to the cytoplasmic extract before fractionation, the possibility of a small amount of trapping and/or adsorption of free ribosomal particles by the membrane fraction was detected, especially in the case of the 60S subunits; this could be entirely prevented by the use of sucrose gradients containing 0.15 M KC1. EDTA treatment of the membrane fraction detached almost all the 40S subunits, and about 70% of the 60S subunits. 0.5 M KC1 detached only 10% of the ribosomal particles, which consist of the native 60S subunits and the monoribosomes, i.e. the bound particles inactive in protein synthesis. Analysis in CsC1 buoyant density gradients of the free and membrane-bound polyribosomes and of their derived 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits showed that the free and membrane-bound ribosomal particles have similar densities. PMID- 809450 TI - Human chromosomes and centrioles as nucleating sites for the in vitro assembly of microtubules from bovine brain tubulin. AB - Treatment of HeLa cells with Colcemid at concentrations of 0.06-0.10 mug/ml leads to irreversible arrest in mitosis. Colcemid-arrested cells contained few microtubules, and many kinetochores and centrioles were free of microtubule association. When these cells were exposed to microtubule reassembly buffer containing Triton X-100 and bovine brain tubulin at 37 degrees C, numerous microtubules were reassembled at all kinetochores of metaphase chromosomes and in association with centriole pairs. When bovine brain tubulin was eliminated from the reassembly system, microtubules failed to assemble at these sites. Similarly, when EGTA was eliminated from the reassembly system, microtubules failed to polymerize. These results are consistent with other investigations of in vitro microtubule assembly and indicate that HeLa chromosomes and centrioles can serve as nucleating sites for the assembly of microtubules from brain tubulin. Both chromosomes and centrioles became displaced from their C-metaphase configurations during tubulin reassembly, indicating that their movements were a direct result of microtubule formation. Although both kinetochore- and centriole-associated microtubules were assembled and movement occurred, we did not observe direct extension of microtubules from kinetochores to centrioles. This system should prove useful for experimental studies of spindle microtubule formation and chromosome movement in mammalian cells. PMID- 809451 TI - Induction of hyaluronic acid synthetase activity in rat fibroblasts by medium change of confluent cultures. AB - Hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured cells usually occurs during the growth phase. The relation between hyaluronic acid synthetase activity and cell proliferation is studied. The synthetase activity in rat fibroblasts is high during the growth phase, but low in the stationary phase. When the old medium of stationary cultures is renewed with fresh medium containing 20% calf serum, DNA synthesis occurs synchronously between 12 and 20 hours, followed by cell division. Under these conditions, the hyaluronic acid synthetase activity is significantly induced within two hours, reaching a maximum level at 5--8 hours, and then decreases gradually. This induction of the synthetase, which shows a high turnover rate, requires continued synthesis of both RNA and protein. Furthermore, the induction of both DNA and hyaluronic acid synthesis is found to be caused by calf serum added in the medium. However, dialysis and ultrafiltration of the serum permit us to concentrate an active fraction with a high molecular weight, which induces the synthetase activity, but not DNA synthesis. PMID- 809452 TI - Effects of metabolites present during growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis on the subsequent secretion of lysosomal hydrolases. AB - Tetrahymena were grown in proteose-peptone medium supplemented with glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, acetate, succinate, or pyruvate and then washed and resuspended in a non-nutrient salt solution and the amounts of 7 acid hydrolases secreted into the medium in a one hour incubation were measured. Cells that had been grown in the presence of glucose secreted about half the amounts of acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid protease as did control cells grown in unsupplemented medium. Pyruvate was about as effective as glucose and both were slightly more effective than acetate or fructose. Succinate had little effect. Similar experiments showed that alpha-mannosidase, beta-fucosidase, and beta-galactosidase are secreted into the salt solution and the secretion is reduced by prior growth of the cells in medium supplemented with glucose or mannose but not galactose. Except for alpha-mannosidase, these reductions in amounts of hydrolase secreted were not accompanied by appreciable changes in intracellular activity, and therefore demonstrate a persistent effect of growth in the presence of certain metabolites on the subsequent secretion of lysosomal hydrolases. Since the inhibition of subsequent secretion depended on both the individual metabolite and the particular hydrolase examined, it appears that the effect of metabolites is not limited to a general inhibition of secretion but may differentially alter some properties of lysosomal subpopulations. A preliminary characterization of the secreted acid protease of Tetrahymena suggests that there may be two acid proteases released, since up to 25% of the activity was not inhibited by high concentrations of pepstatin, leupeptin, or chymostatin. PMID- 809453 TI - Interpretation of the three-dimensional structure of living nuclei by specimen tilt. AB - A mechanism is described that enables a specimen to be tilted through a known angle and continuously observed under the highest power of the optical microscope. Objects can thus be localized accurately in space. This facility in conjunction with serial optical sectioning by Nomarski optics has been used to construct models of the arrangement of polytene chromosomes in nuclei of Drosophila, Simulium and Chironomus. Telomeres and chromocentre lie on the nuclear envelope. In Simulium they lie close to an equator of the nucleus. Despite these constraints, different nuclei in the same gland do not resemble each other closely. PMID- 809454 TI - Colchicine inhibition of stalk elongation in Carchesium sp.: effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+. AB - The effect of colchicine on stalk elongation in the colonial peritrich ciliate Carchesium sp. has been investigated by growing this protozoon in colchicine containing media. The length of the stalk in control cultures was 0-4-0-9 mm. In the presence of 2-5-12-5 mM colchicine, stalk elongation was inhibited, and stalk length was inversely proportional to colchicine concentration. At concentrations above 7-5 mM colchicine, stalks measured less than 0-1 mm, and sometimes contained imperfect myonemes. The rate of cell fission was retarded in colchicine containing media, but nevertheless short-stalked colonies with apparently normal zooids were formed. On transfer of such colonies to media without colchicine normal growth was resumed, but only the newly formed branches were of normal length and contractility. The inhibitory effect of colchicine was annulled by Ca2+ and Mg2+ at 10(-3) and 10(-4) M, respectively. At lower concentrations of Mg2+, but in the presence of Ca2+, the effect of colchicine was less conspicuous than at low Ca2+ concentration in presence of Mg2+. Lowering Mg2+ concentration at low Ca2+ concentration, increased the inhibitory effect of colchicine. It is concluded that colchicine-sensitive, probably tubulin-like proteins, participate in the formation of the contractile stalk of Carchesium. Ca2+ and Mg2+ probably compete with colchicine for a common site in these proteins, or they might reduce the cell's permeability to this drug. PMID- 809455 TI - Microprobe measurements of calcium binding in the contractile spasmoneme of a vorticellid. AB - By means of an electron microprobe, the calcium content of isolated contractile organelles (spasmonemes) from the ciliate Zoothamnium was compared in extension and contraction. By using calcium buffers of different total concentrations, it was shown that the calcium in extended organelles was almost entirely due to concentration of solute during the drying of the specimen. Contracted organelles contained 1-7 g more calcium per kg of dry mass than extended ones, and this extra calcium was bound strongly. The quantity of calcium bound in this way is consistent with the theory that the energy for contraction is derived from the chemical potential of calcium ions. Stoichiometry suggests that between 1-4 and 2 1 calcium ions become bound to each molecule of a spasmonemal calcium-binding protein. PMID- 809456 TI - Calcium-binding proteins in a vorticellid contractile organelle. AB - The proteins of the contractile spasmoneme of Zoothamnium have been examined for comparison with other motile systems. Though capable of calcium-induced contraction, glycerinated preparations of the spasmoneme contain neither actin nor tubulin at levels that can be detected in polyacrylamide gels. Sixty per cent of the protein in sodium dodecyl sulphate gels migrates in a band at a molecular weight of approximately 20,000, consisting largely of 2 similar protein species which are here given the name of spasmins. The amino acid composition of 2 spasmin fractions has been determined by a fluorimetric method. They are rich in Asx, Glx and serine, but have few aromatic amino acids and no cystine or methionine. In calcium-buffered polyacrylamide gels, it was observed that a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the spasmins was induced specifically by calcium (but not magnesium) at the same low concentrations as induce contraction. This indicates that the spasmins are calcium-binding proteins which may be involved directly in the calcium-induced contraction of the spasmoneme. PMID- 809457 TI - Recovery from paradoxical growth hormone responses in acromegaly after transphenoidal selective adenomectomy. AB - A patient with acromegaly was studied before and after treatment by transphenoidal removal of a pituitary adenoma. "Paradoxical" GH responses to the dopamine agonists L-DOPA and ampomorphine disappeared after surgery, with reversion of GH responsiveness to normal. TSH-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced GH release observed pre-operatively did not occur after surgery. The findings suggest that in certain cases, acromegaly is due to pituitary dysfunction alone. PMID- 809458 TI - Detection of human anti-thyroxine and anti-triiodothyronine antibodies in different thyroid conditions. AB - Anti-thyroxine (T4) and anti-triiodothyronine (T3) antibodies have been demonstrated in man. It was assumed that antibodies were at least partially saturated in vivo by the hormones. The initial step of the method therefore consisted in a dissociation of the postulated antigen-antibody complex by a 45% ammonium sulfate precipitation. The second part of the method consisted in incubating the euglobulins with trace amounts of 125I-T3 and 131I-T4. The hormones bound to the gammaglobulins were then separated from the free hormones by a column of DEAE Sephadex A-50 in ammonium acetate 0.05 M pH 7.6. The amounts of 125I and 131I bound to the gammaglobulin fraction were then measured. The results in any unknown sample were compared to those obtained when an equal amount of standard serum was identically treated, and the results were expressed as unknown/standard ratios of bound 125I and bound 131I, respectively. The mean binding ratios for T3 and T4 found in sera obtained from 42 normal subjects were 0.7 +/- 0.4 SD and 0.8 +/- 0.5, respectively. Elevated binding ratios for both T3 and T4 were found in sera obtained from 5 out of 43 cases of primary hypothyroidism and in 2 out of 34 cases of hyperthyroidism. The binding ratios were elevated for only T3 in 10 cases of primary hypothyroidism and in 5 cases of hyperthyroidism. Antibodies against T4 were detected in one case of primary hypothyroidism. High binding ratios for T3 were also observed in one patient with secondary hypothyroidism who had received treatment with dessicated thyroid for several years. In most of the positive sera, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, as measured by passive hemagglutination, could also be detected. For one serum containing anti-T3 antibody and another containing anti-T4 antibody, the binding affinity and capacity were estimated by Scatchard plot analysis; affinity constants were 5.4 x 10(8) L/mol and 1.3 x 10(9) L-mol, respectively; capacities 1.4 ng/ml and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively. The presence of anti-T3 and anti-T4 antibodies in serum may result in an apparent lowering of the serum T3 and T4 concentrations, respectively. PMID- 809459 TI - Elevated plasma TSH and hypothyroidism in children with hypothalamic hypopituitarism. AB - Basal TSH levels were found to be elevated in 6 patients with documented growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism. TRH (200 mug/m2 administered intravenously) led to an exaggerated TSH response. This is in contrast to the results in other GH-deficient children, with either a delayed rise of TSH (hypothalamic hypothyroidism due to TRH deficiency, n = 22), an absent TSH response (pituitary hypothyroidism due to TSH deficiency, n = 7), or a normal increase of TSH (isolated GH deficiency, n = 20). Elevated plasma TSH in the presence of hypothyroidism as seen in 6 of our patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism or craniopharyngioma, indicates an intact feedback action between the pituitary and the thyroid gland. TSH, however, seems to be inadequate for the maintenance of normal thyroid function. It is suggested that in certain patients with hypothalamic disorders, TSH is secreted in a biologically less active form. PMID- 809460 TI - Purification of human anti-thyroglobulin. PMID- 809461 TI - Prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hromone in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Basal plasma prolactin (hPRL) concentration is low, but the response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is within the normal range, in children with protein-carlorie malnutrition (PCM) before treatment. Treatment results in increased basal hPRL concentration and an increased response to TRH. The above findings contrast with normal or high basal TSH and the normal or exaggerated response to TRH provocation in untreated PCM. The reason for this divergence is obscure. PMID- 809462 TI - Effect of an oral water load on serum TSH in normal subjects, and on TSH and prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in patients with primary hypothyroidism. AB - Reports of suppression of plasma prolactin (PRL) in humans by water loading led us to examine the effect of a 20 cc/kg water load on serum TSH in 21 normal volunteers. In addition, the effects of a water load on basal and TRH-stimulated TSH and PRL levels were evaluated in seven patients with primary hypothyroidism. The water load had no effect on pasal serum TSH levels in either normal or hypothyroid subjects, and did not alter the TSH response to TRH in hypothyroid subjects. Basal or TRH-stimulated plasma PRL was also unaffected by water loading in the hypothyrpid subjects. These data suggest that a water load of 20 cc/kg does not significantly affect TSH release by the anterior pituitary, and also provide further evidence that water loading does not consistently suppress PRL secretion. PMID- 809463 TI - Problems in the measurement of urinary TRH. PMID- 809464 TI - Preparation of stable sensitized erythrocytes for detection of chlamydial antibodies. AB - Sheep erythrocytes were treated with glutaraldehyde before sensitization for the indirect hemagglutination test to assay chlamydial antibodies. This treatment markedly increased stability during storage. PMID- 809465 TI - Determination of bacterial cell concentrations by electrical measurements. AB - An instrument was developed to measure the concentration of bacterial suspensions by their electrical characteristics. It employed a square-wave signal generator, a tetra-polar electrode probe, and a voltage detector in the form of an oscilloscope. When electrical measurements were made on washed bacteria obtained from cultures or urine specimens, there was a direct relationship between the concentration of the cells and the electrical characteristics of the system as reflected by voltage changes. As little as 10(3) organisms per ml could be detected. The resolution between readings taken on samples containing 10(3) to 10(9) cells per ml was found to be a function of the input frequency. The maximal resolution between concentration readings was obtained at a input frequency of 10 Hz. Thus, with relatively simple instrumentation, bacterial concentrations could be determined within a few minutes. This technique, therefore, eliminates the more lengthy laboratory procedures as plate counts or the accumulation of measurable metabolic changes (such as the utilization of radioactive or other substrates). This method can efficiently monitor clinical urine specimens when a bacteriuria is suspected. PMID- 809466 TI - Effect of sodium polyanethol sulfonate in blood cultures. AB - Fifteen-hundred hospital blood cultures were made in duplicate, with and without 0.05% sodium polyanethol sulfonate in the broth medium. A significantly higher rate and speed of recovery of both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli was accomplished in sodium polyanethol sulfonate broth. The effect was independent of the content of 0.1% agar in the growth medium. In the cases of Neisseria meningitidis septicemia examined, however, a detrimental result on recoveries was observed. The addition of sodium polyanethol sulfonate also resulted in an increased frequency of recoveries of contaminating organisms. PMID- 809467 TI - Transmission of Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus acidophilus from mother to child at time of delivery. AB - The presence of Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus acidophilus has been studied in specimens from the rectum and vagina of the mother, from the mouth of the infant at the time of delivery, and from the mouth and rectum of infants six days of age. L. jensenii could be differentiated from other species of lactobacilli by the following combination of characteristics: production of only D-lactate, hydrolysis of arginine, and fermentation of cellobiose, galactose, and ribose, but not of lactose. L. jensenii and L. acidophilus were common inhabitants of the vagina. In spite of a contamination of the infant's mouth by L. jensenii and L. acidophilus during delivery, neither of these organisms became established in the mouth of the newborn infants. PMID- 809468 TI - Immunofluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of gonorrhoea. AB - An indirect fluorescent antibody test was evaluated in 198 cases of a high-risk group with a culture prevalence of 37.3% and in 426 cases of a low-risk group with a culture prevalence of 1.16%. A sensitivity of 77.1% in the culture positive patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea, and a specificity of 88.7% in the culture- and history-negative cases, was obtained in the high-risk group. In this group, the sera from 88.8% of the patients with culture-proven gonorrhoea became positive in an indirect fluorescent antibody test within 3 weeks of last sexual contact. In the low-risk group, for which the sensitivity could not be determined due to various reasons, a specificity of 95.8% was obtained. Complement fixation test was positive in sera of only 17.6% of the culture positive cases of the high-risk group. PMID- 809469 TI - Stability of pathogenic colony types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid culture by using the parameters of colonial morphology and deoxyribonucleic acid transformation. AB - This investigation describes the surveillance of the colonial stability of the pathogenic type 1 from the gonococcal strain F62 to the nonvirulent types 3 and 4 in different liquid media. The maintenance of the colony types was monitored by the parameters of colonial morphology and deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation. During growth in a complex medium, Mueller-Hinton broth, only 46.7% of the gonococcal population remained as type 1 after 12 h. The greatest change in the type 1 colony-forming units correlated with the decline in viable count. The conversion process could not be prevented by the continual maintenance of the gonococcus in logarithmic growth. The frequency of transformation from PRO(minus) (proline) to PRO(plus) was proportional to this decrease in type 1 colony-forming units. In contrast to Mueller-Hinton medium, the chemically defined minimal medium Gonococcal Genetic Medium (GGM) was capable of maintaining approximately 90% of the gonococcal population in the type 1 colonial form after 16 h of growth, despite a decrease in the viable count. Although the percentage of type 1 appeared to remain constant in GGM, the apparent transformation frequency increased approximately 24-fold from 0 to 12 h of growth. GGM appears to stimulate or maintain competence, as evidenced by an eightfold increase in transformation when cells are exposed to deoxyribonucleic acid in GGM as compared to Mueller-Hinton. PMID- 809470 TI - Reduced virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in the presence of benzalkonium chloride. AB - Resistant cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 which were grown in the presence of 1 mg of benzalkonium chloride (BC) per ml caused only a mild conjunctivitis when they were dropped onto the scratched corneas of rabbits. In contrast, cells of the BC-sensitive parent strain induced a severe keratoconjunctivitis. In addition, the BC-grown cells also had a reduced capacity to produce kidney infections in mice as compared to the parent strain. BC-grown cells acted as weak complex antigens which conferred slight protection against lethal doses of BC-grown cells. No cross-protection to cells of the parent strain occurred. The data indicate that growth in the presence of BC results in cells with reduced virulence. PMID- 809472 TI - Plaque assay for rabies serogroup viruses in vero cells. AB - Plaque formation in Vero cells has been induced with seven rabies serogroup viruses either cocultivated as infected BHK-21 or Aedes albopictus cells, or directly cultivated as infected mouse brain. PMID- 809471 TI - Large-scale production of rubella precipitinogens and their use in the diagnostic laboratory. AB - A method for producing large quantities of rubella theta and iota precipitating antigens in Vero cells is described. Using this reagent, the detection of anti theta antibodies was found to be as sensitive as the hemagglutination inhibition test for both the determination of immune status and the diagnosis of acute rubella infection. The detection of anti-iota antibodies may permit diagnosis of rubella infection, when the collection of the first serum has been delayed and the early rise of hemagglutin-inhibiting and anti-theta antibodies has been missed. PMID- 809473 TI - Bacterial aerosolization from an ultrasonic cleaner. AB - An ultrasonic device used for cleaning surgical instruments was found to produce a significant microbial aerosol. No correlation was found between the concentration of aerosol generated and the bacterial contamination in the cleaning solution. Table top contamination around the cleaner was due essentially to splash and dripping, and not from the settling of the aerosol. Recommendations are made for cleaning and disinfection protocols. PMID- 809474 TI - Carbohydrate fermentation plate medium for confirmation of Neisseria species. AB - A carbohydrate fermentation plate medium is described for rapid and reliable confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and other Neisseria species. The medium is based on a modification of NYC (U.S. Patent 3,846,241) medium, originally designed for the isolation of pathogenic Neisseria (3). A total of 715 clinical isolates were tested for their carbohydrate fermentation reactions on the medium, in parallel with cystin-Trypticase agar medium. In 82% of the strains tested, results were in agreement on both media and 18% gave conflicting results. The NYC modification provides rapid and accurate fermentation patterns for use in routine confirmation procedures for Neisseria species. PMID- 809475 TI - Evaluation of histoplasmin for the presence of H and M antigens: some difficulties encountered in the production and evaluation of a product suitable for the immunodiffusion test. AB - The development of a single histoplasmin suitable for use in immunodiffusion testing of a variety of human histoplasmosis sera depends not only upon the presence of both antigens, but on relative concentration of one to the other, and perhaps on the chemical characteristics of the H and M antigens of a given strain. PMID- 809476 TI - Differentiation of known strains of BCG from isolates of mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using mycobacteriophage 33D. AB - The use of mycobacteriophage 33D to differentiate strains of BCG from isolates of Mycobacterium bovis was investigated. The procedure was found to be reproducible and, using the commercially available media described, can be recommended for use in mycobacterial reference laboratories. PMID- 809477 TI - Comparison of hemoglobin-free culture media and thayer-martin medium for the primary isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Translucent culture media are essential for the determination of gonococcal colony types. In this study two hemoglobin-free, translucent culture media were compared with Thayer-Martin (TM) medium for the primary isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male urethral specimens. The antibiotic-free translucent medium (GCB) and the translucent medium containing vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin (VCN) were as efficient as TM medium in detecting positive specimens. In fact, VCN medium gave positive results significantly more often than TM medium(P less than 0.05). The amount of growth on positive plates was comparable for all three media. Contaminants were noted most often on GCB medium (P less than 0.0001), and the frequency of contaminants with TM plates exceeded that of VCN plates (P less than 0.0001). The high isolation rate of N. gonorrhoeae with VCN hemoglobin-free culture medium and its lower cost and greater ease of preparation make it a suitable alternative to TM medium for use with male urethral specimens. PMID- 809478 TI - Use of cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium chloride for the decontamination of sputum specimens that are transported to the laboratory for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - A method is presented for the decontamination, liquefaction, and concentration of sputum specimens that are in transport more than 24 h. The method is inexpensive, and culture results compare well with those obtained with the accepted N-acetyl-L cysteine and sodium hydroxide method for the isolation of tubercle bacilli. The working solution, 1% cetylpyridinium chloride and 2% sodium chloride, is mixed in equal volumes with sputum before the specimens are shipped. Tubercle bacilli remained viable after 8 days of exposure to this solution. Only Lowenstein-Jensen medium was used because the cetylpyridinium chloride in the inoculum remains active on 7H10 or other agar base media and partially inhibits the growth of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 809479 TI - Comparative susceptibility of eleven mammalian cell lines to infection with trachoma organisms. AB - Eleven mammalian cell lines, HeLa 229, HeLa M, Hep-2, FT, BHK-21, Vero, MK-2, MPK, L-WO5A2, McCoy, and L-929, were tested for their susceptibility to infection with Trachoma strains TW-3 (type C, ocular origin) and UW-5 (type E, genital origin). All the cell layers were pretreated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran before inoculation of the organisms, and the inocula were centrifuged onto the cell layers. HeLa 229 was found to be the most sensitive to infection as determined by inclusion counts. The next most susceptible were cell lines MK-2, Hep-2, McCoy, and HeLa M, in that order. Infectivity in these cells ranged from 89 to 12% of that observed in HeLa 229. The remaining cell lines, BHK-21, L WO5A2, L-929, Vero, MPK, and FT, were much less susceptible with infectivity less than 10% that of HeLa 229. HeLa 229 cells and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-pretreated McCoy cells have been used most extensively with Trachoma organisms in our laboratories. Infectivity in these two cell culture systems, both pretreated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran, was compared using 13 Trachoma strains of both ocular and genital origins of different immunotypes. The two systems performed similarly except with two type C, three type I, and one type J strains, With the type C, I and J strains tested, considerably fewer inclusions were found in 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine-pretreated McCoy than in HeLa 229 because inclusion formation of these strains in McCoy cells was not enhanced by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine pretreatment. PMID- 809480 TI - Inhibitory effect in vitro of sodium polyanethol sulfonate on the growth of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - The influence of 0.05% sodium polyanethol sulfonate on the growth of 24 strains of Neisseria meningitidis in broth medium was examined; several of the strains were markedly inhibited. A paper disk method was evolved for screening the sensitivity of various bacteria to sodium polyanethol sulfonate on solid medium; the highest sensitivity was observed in N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Zones of growth inhibition were also observed in a proportion of strains in certain species of gram-positive cocci, whereas all gram-negative bacilli were uniformly resistant. The implications of these observations for the routine use of sodium polyanethol sulfonate in blood culture media are discussed. PMID- 809481 TI - Selective interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans and its possible role in clinical specimens. AB - A study of 27 clinical specimens from which Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans were isolated simultaneously indicated that 44% of the gonococcal isolates were resistant to inhibition by the C. albicans with which they were found and an additional 33% were totally resistant to inhibition by all C. albicans tested. All 27 C. albicans showed inhibitory activity against standard indicator strains of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 809482 TI - Complement fixation test as an aid in the diagnosis of farmer's lung. AB - Complement-fixing antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni were measured in farmers and controls. Farmers with known or suspected farmer's lung showed significantly higher titers than control groups. Variations in titer were measured and correlated with the clinical disease. PMID- 809483 TI - Preparation of Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine suitable for human immunization. AB - Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine was produced from rickettsiae grown in chicken embryo cells in roller bottle cultures. The rickettsiae were concentrated and purified by passage through a sucrose gradient and inactivated with formalin. This vaccine satisfactorily passed preinactivation and final container testing and is believed to be superior to the presently available yolk sac vaccine. PMID- 809484 TI - Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (173) from 144 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) of the pancreas in seven hospitals were serotyped with the agglutination systems of Homma (1974) and Fisher et al. (1969). The two systems were complementary. Strains from CF patients were much less likely to furnish a stable type on repetitive typing tests than strains from other patients. This was related to the frequent occurrence of mucoid P. aeruginosa strains. The 173 strains were divided among 11 Homma serotypes. A single Homma type (type 8) capable of mucoid growth comprised 104 (60%) CF strains. Eight serotypes were detected in 77 strains from 48 CF patients in one hospital; three strains were detected in one hospital CF unit; and two strains were detected in each of five hospital CF units. The CF serotype comprised from 50 to 93% of CF strians inthe seven hospitals. These P. aeruginosa strains dissociated in vivo as judged by mucoid and nonmucoid colonies on primary culture plates and continued to dissociate during subcultures. Both colony type were the same serotype. The tendency to regard colonial phenotypes (mucoid, nonmucoid, rough) as separate strians was erroneous. Repetitive typing with the two systems gave better results than a single system. The mucoid P. aeruginosa strain is probably spread from patient to patient, rather than acquiring its mucoid characteristic de novo in the CF patient. It is not known why the mucoid CF strain has a peculiar predilection for CF patients, nor why it generally loses the quality in culture but retains it indefinitely in the patient. PMID- 809485 TI - Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from the Genito-urinary tract and anal canal. AB - During the first 3 months of 1975, a striking increase has been noted in the incidence of Neisseria meningitidis in cultures from the genito-urinary tract and anal canal of both males and females being screened for gonorrhea. The data for recovery of these organisms from these sites are presented and reviewed. PMID- 809487 TI - Proceedings: Intravascular coagulation in the nervous system. PMID- 809486 TI - Modified counterelectrophoresis method for subtyping hepatitis B antigen. AB - A modified counterelectrophoresis (CEP) method was developed for determining the d and y subtypes of hepatitis B antigen (HBSAg). In this method, HBSAg of known subtype was diffused into the agarose gel before electrophoresis from the wells which were subsequently to receive the subtyping antiserum. This served to absorb the common anti-alpha antibody from the subtyping antiserum, which was heterologous with respect to the d or y component, during electrophoresis. The remaining d or y antibody then reacted type specifically with the antigen to be subtyped. The modified CEP method was much more sensitive than the immunodiffusion (ID) method for subtyping HBSAg. Sixty-two sera which could not be subtyped by ID were successfully subtyped by the CEP method. The geometric mean HBSAg complement fixation titer determined on 48 of these sera was significantly lower (P congruent to 0.016) than that of a group of sera which could be subtyped by ID. Sixteen other sera could not be subtyped by either the CEP or the ID procedure (geometric mean titer equal to 5.2). Therefore, more sensitive means of subtyping must be used for some HBSAg-positive sera. PMID- 809488 TI - A method for evaluation of periodontal problems on extracted teeth. AB - It is shown that many periodontal problems can be evaluated by examining stained, extracted teeth. Presence or absence of gignival inflammation around the tooth before extraction can be established after extraction on the basis of presence or absence of plaque. Loss of attachment and its relationship to local etiological factors can also be established. The method is particularly useful for experimental investigation on periodontal problems in man. PMID- 809489 TI - The receptor mosaic of Aotes trivirgatus: distribution of rods and cones. AB - The distribution and density of rods and cones have been determined in the temporal retina of the owl monkey Aotes trivirgatus. Rod density varied from 175,000/mm2 in the far periphery to 387,000/mm2 in the area centralis. Cone density was 4000/mm2 in the periphery and 7300/mm2 within the central retinal area. Variation of densities across the retina was continuous but the ratio of rods to cones remained about 50:1 at all locations. The cones are not randomly scattered, but are separated by distances of about 10 mu in central retina and 13 mu in peripheral retina. PMID- 809490 TI - The distribution of catecholamines within the inferior olivary complex of the cat and rhesus monkey. AB - Catecholamine histofluorescence was examined in the interior olivary complex of the cat and rhesus monkey. Species-specific patterns of catecholamine-containing varicosities were observed. In the rat, the highest concentration of catecholamine varicosities was seen within the dorsal lamella of the principal nucleus. In contrast, this same portion of the inferior olivary complex appeared void of catecholamine varicosities in the cat and rhesus monkey. In the cat, the highest concentration of varicosities occurred within the medial one-half of the dorsal accessory nucleus while few, if any, varicosities were seen in this portion of the complex in the rat and monkey. The lateral lamella of the principal nucleus contained the highest concentration seen in the rhesus monkey, a finding which contrasts to the minimal number of varicosities seen in this area in the rat and cat. Catecholamine-containing cell bodies, reported to exist in the rat, were not observed in cat and monkey. These data extend the previous observation of species-specific distribution in rodents to include members of the more phylogenetically advanced orders; Carnivora and Primata. Catecholamines were found primarily within those portions of the olivary complex reported to be involved in harmaline-induced tremor activity in the cat. PMID- 809491 TI - Some cortical projections of the dorsomedial visual area (DM) of association cortex in the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus. AB - Efferent projections from the dorsomedial visual area (DM) in the owl monkey to other portions of visually responsive cortex were determined by degeneration and autoradiograhic methods of demonstrating axon pathways. The most prominent ipsilateral pathway was to posterior parietal cortex (PP) just medial to the terminal portion of the Sylvian fissure. Other ipsilateral projections were to subdivisions of the temporal lobe, the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the surrounding dorsolateral crescent (DL), to regions just rostral to area 18 on the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere, and to the upper bank of the Sylvian fissure. The callosal projections of DM were to DM, PP, and MT of the opposite cerebral hemisphere. The results support the notion that visual association cortex consists of a number of separate, but complexly interrelated, subdivisions. The efferents to posterior parietal cortex suggest the possibility of an area for the integration of somatosensory and visual information. PMID- 809492 TI - Axonal projections and connections of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus in the monkey. AB - To date, anatomical studies of ascending principal sensory trigeminal nuclear (PrV) axons in the monkey have been restricted to few incomplete investigations utilizing the Marchi method. In the present study total or partial unilateral stereotaxic lesions of PrV were made in cebus and rhesus monkeys and analyzed with the aid of a variety of Nauta silver impregnation techniques applied to frozen sections. Analysis of the fiber degeneration emanating from PrV lesions indicates that PrV fibers form an ascending system composed of two distinct components. Most PrV axons project ventromedially from PrV through the ventral pontine tegmentum and gradually decussate across the midline in the mesencephalic tegmentum up to the level of the caudal pole of nucleus interpeduncularis. These decussated fibers form the trigeminal lemniscus, which courses dorsomedial to the medial lemniscus during its ascent into the diencephalon. A few whorls of preterminal fiber degeneration separating from the trigeminal lemniscus first appear in the magnocellular area of the thalamus medial to the medial geniculate body. The lemniscal PrV axons terminate densely throughout most, but not all, of the magnocellular part of nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) contralateral to the side of their origin. Some collateral-like fibers from the trigeminal lemniscus also were observed ending in the ventral segment of the zona incerta. Other axons, arising chiefly from the dorsal one-third of PrV form a smaller ipsilateral trigeminothalamic projection. These fibers all remain on the side of their origin and terminate consistently in a discrete dorsomedial paralaminar portion of VPM that does not receive lemniscal PrV connections. A commissural fiber system at the pontine level connects parvicellular reticular cells with their counterparts and the motor trigeminal nucleus of the opposite side. These interconnections appear to provide an anatomical link for the integration of bilateral trigeminal sensory information and motor function. PMID- 809493 TI - Proliferation gradients in the inner ear of the monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryo. AB - Radioautographic studies were conducted on early developmental stages of the inner ear in monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryos ranging in age from stage 11 to stage 20 (25 to 39 days' gestation) and labeled for one hour with [3H] thymidine. The most active period of proliferation occurred at stage 13, at which time all regions of the otocyst, including the endolymphatic duct, were heavily labeled. In subsequent stages the dorsal portion of the endolymphatic duct failed to incorporate label, whereas proliferation continued in the ventral portion of the duct near its communication with the medial wall of the otocyst. The duct thus appeared to grow upward as a result of cell division from below. Mitotic activity continued in the remainder of the otocyst although there was a progressive temporal decrease in the labeling index. Spatial gradients also occurred, with dorsal and lateral regions less active than ventral and medial ones. As the otocyst differentiated, the cells in various areas became attenuated. These flattened cells were still capable of undergoing cell division, as indicated by the presence of labeled nuclei in all regions of the utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct. PMID- 809494 TI - Comparative anatomical studies of the SmL face cortex with special reference to the occurrence of "barrels" in layer IV. AB - In the SmL cortex of mice and rats there are cytoarchitestonically identificable groups of cells -- called barrels -- some of which have been shown to be directly related to whiskers and other sensory hairs on the contralateral face. In this study we have used a comparative approach to determine the incidence and variation of the barrels. The brains of 27 mammalian species have been examined histologically to determine whether barrels exist in layer IV of what is known or likely to be the face area of SmI. Thick sections (50-100 mum) were taken tangential to the pia overlying SmI and stained with thionin. The patterns of facial whiskers were also mapped by dissection of the facial skin. Barrels were seen only in brains of species belonging to three of the seven mammalian orders examined. We have confirmed Weller's ('72) observation of barrels in the Australian brush-tailed possum but have not found barrels in two marsupials from the western hemisphere. Barrels were demonstrable in representatives of four of five rodent suborders examined and in the rabbit. From the study of the rodent brains, a number of trends emerge. (1) The organization of the barrel fields is "dictated" by the organization of the sensory periphery. Animals with five rows of large mystacial (moustache-like) vibrissae have five rows of PMBSF (Posteromedial barrel sub-field) barrels. (2) The barrels are confined to layer IV of (what is known or likely to be) the SmI face area. The pattern and cortical location of the barrel field is consistent among different specimens of the same species. (3) Certain behavioral patterns do not preclude the existence of the barrels. Species which possess well developed visual systems and behaviors (e.g., grey squirrel) and forms which do not actively explore the environment by whisking their vibrissae (e.g., guinea pig) have barrels. (4) Within a given rodent suborder, the barrels become more difficult to identify, as the brains become larger. We have not yet been able to demonstrate barrels in the largest rodent, the capybara. PMID- 809495 TI - An interdisciplinary, crisis-oriented graduate training program within a student health service mental health clinic. PMID- 809496 TI - Kinetic studies of the reduction of blue copper proteins by Fe(EDTA)2-. PMID- 809497 TI - Combination drug therapy for the psychogeriatric patient: comparison of dosage levels of the same psychotropic drugs, used singly and in combination. AB - The dosage levels for a number of frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs, used singly or in combination, were determined in 902 long-term psychogeriatric hospital patients. The data failed to support the hypothesis that physicians prescribe lower dosages when combination therapy is used. Rather, the tendency was toward higher dosages under these circumstances. PMID- 809498 TI - Effects of thiotepa on the productivity of male Aedes aegypti. AB - The effects of various concentrations of thiotepa, a chemomutagen, on the genetic fitness of Aedes aegypti males was studied. Oral treatments of 0.025 percent, 0.050 percent and 0.075 percent thiotepa induced sexual sterility in the male mosquitoes. Analyses of total F2 productivity indicate that the mean number of progeny was significantly decreased with exposure to 0.001 percent of the chemomutagen. At 0.001 percent thiotepa only a mean of 198.04 F2 progeny per culture were produced; by comparison the control group gave 315.33. PMID- 809499 TI - Endemic infection in surgical wards. AB - Endemic infection in male surgical wards has been studied during three periods. There was some infection due to gram-negative bacilli, though Staphylococcus aureus remained as the single most important pathogen even in the absence of epidemic spread. Beta haemolytic streptococci were isolated in large numbers from the lesions of four patients with deep wound infection. Changes introduced in the pattern of post-operative care reduced sepsis due to Staph. aureus, reduced the severity of wound infection and apparently decreased the need for antibiotic therapy. Patients who became infected were retained in hospital longer than those who escaped clinically apparent infection. PMID- 809500 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hospital: a comparison between 'infective' and 'environmental' strains. AB - One hundred and fifty-six infections or episodes of infection associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in six hospitals over 14 months were investigated. Pyocine typing and serotyping suggested that 145 distinct episodes had occurred, caused by 78 different strains. During this period 15 distinct strains were isolated from the environment at one of the hospitals; 12 of these were apparently unassociated with infection in the same ward during the period, and 4 were of types not encountered in infective processes at any hospital. There appeared to be a rather higher proportion of unclassifiable pyocine inhibition patterns among the environmental strains; in general these strains also produced smaller amounts of haemolysin. If failure to produce haemolysin in vitro is correlated with lack of virulence in vivo, this may partially explain the sporadic nature of hospital infection with Ps. aeruginosa, despite the prevalence of strains of this species in the environment. PMID- 809501 TI - Some problems of antibiotic therapy in radiation sickness. AB - Literary and the authors' own data concerning the application and mechanism of action of antibiotics in radiation sickness have been reported. The questions of the effect of antibiotics on the course and outcome of radiation sickness, development of dysbacteriosis following irradiation, effect of antibiotics on endogenic infection, development of resistance of autoflora microbes to antibiotics in an irradiated organism and various aspects of the mechanism of action of antibiotics in radiation sickness have been discussed. PMID- 809502 TI - Comparison of suncillin and carbenicillin effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The semisynthetic penicillin suncillin was compared in vitro with carbenicillin for its effectiveness against different P. aeruginosa strains and for stability in solution. Carbenicillin was about twice as effective against the strains employed, while suncillin maintained its activity in saline for a longer time. The induction of resistance to suncillin was accompanied by the simultaneous development of resistance to the other antibiotic. PMID- 809503 TI - Study of Pseudomonas haemolysin. III. Properties of antilysin serum. AB - The protective, therapeutical and bactericidal effects of hyperimmune antilysin serum was studied. The sera anti I II III and II III were found to be most effective. Active immunization also confirmed pronounced immunogenic effects of haemolysins I II III and II III. PMID- 809505 TI - Mechanism of complement-induced cell lysis. Demonstration of a three-step mechanism of EAC1-8 cell lysis by C9 and of a non-osmotic swelling of erythrocytes. AB - Sheep erythrocytes were sized by an electrical method during lysis by antibody and complement. No volume changes were observed upon to the EAC1-8 cell intermediate. Three steps could be distinguished in the reaction of C9 with EAC1 8 cells: fixation of C9 to EAC1-8 cells, a process which proceeds also at 0 degrees C; temperature-dependent swelling of the EAC1-9 cells; and lysis of the cells. We could show that swelling of the erythrocytes induced by the complement reaction is independent of protein osmotic forces and is caused by an alteration of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 809504 TI - Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) values in a few population groups. AB - Certain significant differences were found between the mean IgG levels in four different population groups. No differences were found in the IgA and IgM classes. The highest IgG levels were found in food workers and the lowest levels in coal-miners working at the face. Surface mine employees and employees just taken on for underground work had intermediate values. On dividing the population groups into age sub-groups, significant differences were found between some of the latter. Physical stress, differences in exposure to infections, the influence of the macro- and micro-climate and spontaneous and controlled selection for given occupations are regarded as possible causes of the observed differences. PMID- 809506 TI - Rosette formation of human lymphoid cells with monkey red blood cells. AB - Studies of human peripheral lymphocytes (HPL) from healthy subjects and of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (HLC) revealed spontaneous formation of rosettes with Macaca speciosa monkey red blood cells (MRBC). The percentage of HPL forming rosettes with MRBC paralleled the percentage of HPL exhibiting markers ascribed to human B cells. The MRBC-rosetting cells were positive for membrane-bound immunoglobulin (MBIg). Furthermore, by employing a mixed rosette method, lymphocytes carrying both EAC3dmo and FITC-MRBC were encountered. In contrast, no lymphocytes carrying both SRBC and FITC-MRBC were observed. Ninety-six per cent of purified B cells obtained at the interface after interaction of HPL with SRBC and Ficoll-Isopaque centrifugation formed rosettes with MRBC. In contrast, only 8% of an enriched population of T cells obtained at the interface after interaction with EAC3dmo and Ficoll-Isopaque centrifugation formed MRBC-rosettes. Incubation of HPL with MRBC and subsequent centrifugation on Ficoll-Isopaque resulted in a highly enriched T cell population at the interface. Several lymphoblastoid cell lines with B cell characteristics, but not two cell lines with T cell characteristics, formed spontaneous rosettes with MRBC. Inhibition experiments showed that the structure on the lymphoid cell surfaces mediating the adherence of MRBC was independent of the MBIg as well as the recptors for IgGFc, C3b, and C3d. It appears that rosetting with MRBC will provide a new detection marker for human cells classified as B type and a technique for obtaining an enriched T cell population. PMID- 809507 TI - Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii induced in vitro in non-immune mouse macrophages with specifically immune lymphocytes. AB - Male and female CBA mice were used to study in vitro the mechanisms involved in the development and expression of cellular immunity to toxoplasma infection. The lag phase preceding toxoplasma division was delayed in nonimmune macrophages obtained from peritoneal cavities stimulated with thioglycollate. Specific anti toxoplasma activity was conferred on nonimmune macrophages incubated with toxoplasma-immune spleen lymphocytes and soluble toxoplasma antigen. Treatment of immune spleen cell populations with anti-theta serum plus complement abolished completely their activity of conferring anti-toxoplasma activity on nonimmune macrophages, demonstrating that the essential cells were T lymphocytes. The mediator(s) responsible for the acquisition of immunity to toxoplasma in the nonimmune macrophages were soluble. Heat-inactivated, toxoplasm-immune macrophages of fibroblasts. The findings are related to previous investigations of induced immunity in animals and man. PMID- 809508 TI - IgG-dependent clearance of red blood cells in IgG myeloma patients. AB - Red blood cells sensitizied with IgG antibodies are rapidly cleared from the circulation of myeloma patients, in spite of serum IgG concentrations several times higher than normal. In contrast, in vitro phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes are inhibited by dilutions of normal fresh serum. It is concluded that the current explanantions derived from in vitro experiments are insufficient to explain the IgG-dependent clearance of red blood cells. PMID- 809509 TI - Synthesis but not secretion of J chain by variant mouse myeloma cells which lose alpha-chain-synthesizing ability. AB - We have devised a rapid method for obtaining large amounts of J chain from IgA in the ascitic fluid of mice bearing the MOPC 315 tumor. The J chain was released by reduction from the MOPC 315 IgA adsorbed onto a DNP-lysyl-Sepharose column, and was further purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The mouse J chain was characterized as to its electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, apparent size, presence in different immunoglobulin classes, and reactivity with an antiserum containing anti-J chain activity. Variant cell lines have been selected from the IgA-producing mouse myeloma cell line MOPC 315. The variants did not synthesize detectable quantities of alpha heavy chains but continued to synthesize and secrete light chains. J chain was synthesized by both parent and variant cell lines but only secreted by the parent cells. It is postulated that J chain synthesis is not dependent on alpha heavy chain synthesis, but that secretion of J chain by MOPC 315 cells occurs only because of its attachment to the Ig1 molecule. PMID- 809511 TI - Immunosuppression effected by macrophage surfaces. AB - Heat-killed macrophages (but not six other types of cells tested) suppress Mishell-Dutton cultures by a mechanism that does not adversely affect cell viability. The suppressive effect is abolished by treatments that inactivate receptors for cytophilic antibody. We suggest macrophages may absorb, and thus render inoperative, factors which are necessary for lymphocyte cooperation. PMID- 809512 TI - Initiation of C3 cleavage in the alternative complement pathway. AB - The capacity of C3 and 125I-C3 to interact with B and D to generate a C3 convertase was recognized by identification of C3b and Bb on immunoelectrophoresis and 125I-C3b on disc gel electrophoresis. Since the C3 was devoid of C3b as assessed by immunoelectrophoresis, alkaline disc gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing, the initial C3 cleavage was not by the C3b-dependent C3 convertase. In addition, on isoelectric focusing C3 hemolytic activity and the capacity to permit B cleavage by D were isoelectric at pH 6.4, WHEREAS THE CAPACITY OF C3b to permit cleavage by D was isoelectric at pH 5.65. Comparison of the dose-response effects of C3b and C3 for D revealed linear and sigmoidal relationships, respectively, consistent with formation of an initial C3 convertase independent of C3b followed by generation of the C3b-dependent convertase in the reaction initiated with native C3. Further, preincubation of C3 with C3bINA did not diminish its subsequent capacity to permit B inactivation by D as compared to the introduction of C3bINA during the assay, thus supporting the view that native C3, B, and D can form a convertase capable of generating initial C3b. PMID- 809510 TI - Identification and properties of J chain isolated from catfish macroglobulin. AB - After the cleavage of disulfide bonds of macroglobulin isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), an electrophoretically fast-moving polypeptide, which resembled human J chain, was released. On a Sephadex G-200 column equilibrated in 5 M guanidine, the elution position of the J chain overlapped with the descending part of the L chain peak. Further purification was achieved by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. The isolated polypeptide, which had a molecular weight of 14,800 +/- 500, as determined ultracentrifugally by sedimentation equilibrium in 5 M guanidine, contained 7% carbohydrate with one residue of fucose, two of mannose, one of galactose, two of glucosamine, and one of sialic acid per chain. A comparison of catfish and human J chain amino acid analyses showed the former to have a higher content of serine, glycine, and phenylalanine and a lower content of aspartic acid, isoleucine, and arginine. Tryptic peptide maps of catfish and human J chains revealed very few common peptides. Rabbit and guinea pig antisera to human J chain did not cross-react with catfish J chain. Untreated, resuced and alkylated, S-sulfonated, or cyanogen bromide cleaved macroglobulin from the gar (Lepisosteus osseus) contained no polypeptide analogous to either catfish or human J chain by the criteria employed in this study. PMID- 809513 TI - Inhibiton of tumor cell proliferation: second role for suppressor cells? AB - An antimitotic factor for mouse tumor cells was isolated from the supernatant fluids of antigen-stimulated ovalbumin-immune mouse spleen cells. A similar antimitotic factor was obtained from the supernatant fluids of phytohemagglutinin stimulated non-immune spleen cells. The inhibitor prevented the multiplication of mouse L929 fibroblast cells in vitro and the in vivo proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Inhibition was not due to cytotoxic effects and the antimitotic effects were reversible. The antimitotic activity may be species specific since the purified factor obtained from mouse spleen cells had no effect on human or monkey cell lines. This factor appears to be the same as the T lymphocyte-dependent suppressor for antibody production that we described previously. Several implications for the production of the suppressor in response to tumor cells that may be beneficial or harmful to the host are discussed. PMID- 809515 TI - Tissue antigens from the third instar larva of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 809514 TI - Quantitation of mouse immunoglobulin allotypes by a modified solid-phase radioimmune assay. AB - Allotype-reactive polystyrene tubes were made by first coating their inner surface with immunglobulin (Ig) solutions containing the allotype of interest; this was followed by the application of anti-allotype antibody. The latter was covalently cross-linked to the adsorbed allotype antigen by means of glutaraldehyde to prevent the dissociation of antibody from the surface of the tube in subsequent steps (glutaraldehyde treatment did not affect the specificity of these tubes). Under conditions of antibody excess, allotype-reactive tubes were treated next with 125I-labeled 7S Ig from standard solutions in order to estimate the concentration of Ig allotypes in these solutions. Then, to determine serum allotype concentrations, we used the standard solutions and the serum unknown to carry out competition experiments between labeled and unlabeled allotype antigen. Quantitation of serum Ig allotypes in this way featured a high signal to noise ratio (30 to 100), an error estimate of 3 to 7%, and sensitivity in the nanogram range. PMID- 809516 TI - A protocol for the safe administration of adult parenteral nutritional solutions. PMID- 809517 TI - [A case of Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum) in the early stage responding well to steroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 809518 TI - [Management and repair of the defects of the alveolar bone]. PMID- 809519 TI - [Double pain]. PMID- 809520 TI - Cervical mycobacterial infection. PMID- 809522 TI - Condylotomy. A clinical and experimental appraisal of a surgical technique. AB - 211 cases of temporomandibular joint pain/dysfunction syndrome treated by condylotomy were traced. 172 operations were investigated by questionnaire and 119 patients examined clinically and radiographically. Operated patients constituted less than 3% of all patients with the syndrome. 91% were cured or improved by surgery. The anatomical structure involved in the technique and operative complications, are discussed. Principal effects of surgery were to produce an increase in radiographic joint space and shortening of the ramus with minimal long term change in the position of the condylar head from its postoperative position. The clinical findings as regards remodelling were confirmed and investigated histologically in a primate model. The mechanisms of pain production in the temporomandibular joint pain/dysfunction syndrome are discussed. PMID- 809521 TI - Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone. AB - A series of twenty-nine cases of osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone is described. Two patterns occur: a localized involvement of the tympanic plate which resolves after the spontaneous separation of a sequestrum of bone, and a more diffuse necrosis of the temporal bone with a high risk of involvement of adjacent structures, in particular the brain, labyrinth and facial nerve and to a lesser extent the temporomandibular joint and the parotid gland. Localized osteonecrosis occurs more commonly when the temporal bone is in the periphery of an irradiated field whereas irradiation aimed primarily at the temporal bone is more likely to be followed by diffuse disease. The use of megavoltage irradiation has not led to the disappearance of the complication which may occur as much as twenty years after the completion of the course of radiotherapy. PMID- 809523 TI - Influence of anaesthetics on basal, perphenazine-induced and thyrotrophin releasing hormone-induced prolactin secretion in ovariectomized, oestrogen treated rats. AB - Plasma levels of prolactin were determined, by radioimmunoassay, in ovariectomized, oestrogen-treated rats after administration of ether, sodium pentobarbitone, urethane, chloral hydrate or ketamine. These anaesthetics, when administered alone, induced sustained increases in the plasma level of prolactin (continuous ether inhalation), no change in prolactin secretion (urethane), or depressions in the level of prolactin (sodium pentobarbitone, chloral hydrate and ketamine). These same anaesthetics when given before perphenazine failed to alter the stimulatory effect of this phenothiazide on prolactin secretion. Sodium pentobarbitone did not alter the normal increase in prolactin concentration after intra-arterial administration of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). These results indicated that anaesthetics do not affect the response of either the central nervous system or the anterior pituitary to perphenazine or TRH although they affect prolactin secretion when administered alone. The site of action of anaesthetics must, therefore, be different from that of perphenazine or perphenazine must be capable of overcoming their influence by direct action on the pituitary. PMID- 809524 TI - Expression of homeotic mutations in duplicated and regenerated antennae of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Three homeotic mutants, aristapedia (ssa and ssa-UCl) and Nasobemia (Ns) which involve antenna-leg transformations were analyzed with respect to their time of expression. In particular we studied the question of whether these mutations are expressed when the mutant cells pass through additional cell divisions in culture. Mutant antennal discs were cultured in vivo and allowed to duplicate the antennal anlage. Furthermore, regeneration of the mutant antennal anlage was obtained by culturing eye discs and a particular fragment of the eye disc. Both duplicated and regenerated antennae showed at least a partial transformation into leg structures which indicates that the mutant gene is expressed during proliferation in culture. PMID- 809525 TI - Development and differentiation in vitro of Drosophila imaginal disc cells from dissociated early embryos. AB - Embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, 6-8 h after oviposition, were dissociated and the cells cultured in vitro. Besides larval cell types, imaginal disc cells, assembled and growing in bloated monolayered vesicles, were obtained. The cells of these vesicles become competent to differentiate adult structures when treated with alpha-ecdysone or ecdysterone in vitro. Recognizable patterns of the adult fly are not formed though. If metamorphosis of imaginal cell vesicles from in vitro-cultures is induced in vivo by transplantation into host larvae of various ages within the third larval instar, recognizable patterns can differentiate provided the host larva does not metamorphose prior to 2 days after transplantation. The frequency of specific patterns in the implants can be increased by providing 9 days of culture in vivo (adult host flies) before metamorphosis. Passage through the third larval instar is not essential for these cells to produce identifiable patterns since culture in adult flies alone can achieve this. The quality of the differentiated pattern is not correlated with the extent of cell proliferation in the cultured tissues. The problem of pattern specification in vitro and in vivo is discussed. PMID- 809527 TI - A photographic study of development in the living embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The changes which can be seen occurring during the development of a living embryo of Drosophila melanogaster are described in detail, and represented photographically as a series of developmental stages. This provides an easy, but accurate technique for selecting eggs at precise developmental stages for experiments. PMID- 809526 TI - An analysis of the spatial distribution of ciliary units in a ciliate, Euplotes minuta. AB - Six to eleven longitudinal ciliary rows are arrayed over the dorsal surface of the ciliate Euplotes minuta. Forty-two to 129 ciliary units are distributed among these rows. The number of rows depends on genotype, clonal age, and vegetative ancestry, while the total number of units is controlled partly by the number of rows and also by the separate action of genetic and environmental factors. 2. The pattern of distribution of units among different rows of non-dividing cells can be analysed on the basis of the percentage of the total unit complement of the cell that is found in each individual row. If the assumption is made that ciliary rows are uniformly spaced over a dorsal field whose width is independent of the number of rows, then it can be shown that units are distributed among rows according to a relatively invariant spatial pattern. The form of this pattern remains the same in the face of variation in the absolute number of rows and of units. 3. Prior to cell division new units develop anterior and posterior to old units situated within the equatorial zone of each row. About one-half of the original units are included within this zone. The cell fission line develops within this zone such that the total number of units passed to the anterior and posterior division products are about equal. 4. The pattern according to which units of different zones (proliferating and non-proliferating) are distributed among different rows has been mapped in cells that have completed the process of proliferation of units but have not yet completed cell division. The results of this mapping show that the pattern of distribution of units in the equatorial zone at the conclusion of proliferation is not the same as the overall pattern in non-dividing cells. Further analysis indicates that the geometry of proliferation can be most simply represented as a result of two superimposed processes, one of which is the recruitment of old units into the zone of proliferation, while the other is the intensity of proliferation, i.e. the number of new units formed adjacent to each old unit. Both recruitment and intensity have constant values in the central region of the dorsal field, while recruitment is higher and intensity lower near both margins. The recruitment and intensity distributions are mutually nearly reciprocal, with slight asymmetries that formally account for the more dramatic asymmetry of the pattern of non-dividing cells. 5. A dualistic hypothesis is formulated for the control of the formation of new ciliary units within ciliary rows. The position of each new unit is largely controlled locally in relation to pre-existing units, while the decision of whether or not new units will develop at all, and how many will be formed, depends on superimposed positional systems operating within the context of the entire dorsal surface. PMID- 809528 TI - Restroation of the capacity to form pole cells in u.v.-irradiated Drosophila embryos. AB - Injection of pole plasm into u.v.-irradiated posterior poles of early Drosophila embryos leads to the restoration of the capacity to form pole cells in nearly half of the recipients. The effect is specific, since cytoplasm from the anterior tip has no such result. In most cases only a small number (between 1 and 5) of discrete pole cells are formed. However, a large number of pole cell fragments with or without nuclei occur. Occasionally pole cells were formed outside the area of the originally irradiated pole plasm. This happened when material was injected more anteriorly than usual. Thus polar cytoplasm contains some factor(s) necessary for the formation of pole cells. PMID- 809529 TI - Partial characterization of the shift from IgG to IgA synthesis in the clonal differentiation of human leukemic bone marrow-derived lymphocytes. AB - An unusual B-cell proliferation was noted in an individual (Tun) which was characterized by the presence of two separate populations of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell staining on the surface and in the cytoplasm for either IgG(k) or IgA(k). Utilizing an idiotypic antiserum prepared from the associated serum monoclonal IgG(k) protein the idiotype was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of both the IgG- and IgA-bearing cell populations. These observations are consistent with a common clonal origin and a switch mechanism involving IgG and IgA synthesis. Sequential-labeling of Surface Ig and intracellular Ig with antisera conjugated to opposite fluorochromes documented the progressive maturation of the terminal differentiation of the IgA-bearing cell population at a level before morphologically distinct plasma cells. The distribution and pattern of surface and cytoplasmic IgG and IgA staining in individual cells suggest that the direction of switching is from IgG to IgA synthesis. The demonstration of shared idiotypic specificity between the IgG- and IgA-bearing populations is consistent with a transition in Ig heavy chain synthesis resulting from an alternation in the CH gene. It is concluded that certain CLL clones may manifest a switch from IgG to IgA synthesis at a level of B-cell differentiation which encompasses both the B lymphocyte and the Ig synthesizing plasma cell. PMID- 809530 TI - Studies on the murine Ss protein. I. Purification, molecular weight, and subunit structure. AB - The murine Ss protein has been isolated and purified. Using specific antisera, the radiolabeled protein has a mol wt of 120,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. It is composed of two basic subunits of 23,000 and 14,000 daltons. The smaller molecular weight subunit contains a single disulfide bridge, is devoid of carbohydrate, and may represent the murine equivalent of beta2 microglobulin. PMID- 809531 TI - Interactions of C-reactive protein with the complement system. II. C-reactive protein-mediated consumption of complement by poly-L-lysine polymers and other polycations. AB - Cationic homopolymers of poly-L-lysine were found to activate complement (C) via C-reactive protein (CRP) and deplete C3 and C5 as well as early-acting C components. Maximum C consumption was obtained with polymers of 2,000-8,000 daltons; polymers of 1,700, 11,000, and 23,000 daltons were intermediate in reactivity, while L-lysine, lysyl-L-lysine, tetra-L-lysine, and polymers of 70,000-400,000 daltons lacked significant C-consuming activity. Naturally occurring polycations which consumed C in the presence of CRP included myelin basic proteins, cationic proteins of rabbit leukocytes, and both lysine- and arginine-rich histones; poly-L-arginine polymers of 17,000 but not 65,000 daltons also were C-consuming. Polycations without such reactivity included poly-L orithine (5,000 and 165,000 daltons), egg white and human lysozymes, and Polybrene. The polycations which failed to induce C consumption via CRP, inhibited its consumption by both active polycations and by C-polysaccharide (CPS). The relative inhibitory capacity of phosphorylcholine and polycations in CPS- and polycations-CRP systems was consistent with the concept that phosphate esters and polycations react at the same or an overlapping combining site. The ability of certain polycations to activate C via CRP increases the potential for initiation of host reactions via C. The capacity of other polycations to inhibit C activation via CRP introduces a potential for physiologic or pharmacologic manipulation. These considerations would seem to expand the potential role of CRP in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response. PMID- 809532 TI - Inhibition of T-lymphocyte-mediated tumor-specific lysis by alloantisera directed against the H-2 serological specificities of the tumor. AB - After appropriate in vivo or in vitro immunization, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are generated which efficiently kill cells bearing particular membrane antigens in common with the immunizing cell (reviewed in reference 1). Such CTL have been most thoroughly studied in mice, employing alloimmunization with cells differing at the major histocompatibility locus, H-2. in such cases, the predominant cell surface antigens recognized by the CTL appear to be the molecules carrying the serologically defined H-2 specificities, coded for by the K and D regions of the H-2 complex (2). In other syngeneic models of cell-mediated specific cytolysis, involving lymphocyte chariomeningitis (LCM) virus- or ectromelia virus-infected cells or TNP-modified lymphoid cells, thymus-derived cells also constitute the main effector cell type. The CTL generated in these latter systems function most efficiently when virus-infected or TNP-modified target cells share identitites at the H-2K or H-2D loci with the effector CTL and stimulator cells (3-5). Another set of experimental systems in which CTL are generated and play a significant biological role is that of immunity to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (6). The nature of the TAA which the CTL recognize is only beginning to be understood. Several recent reports indicated the existence of physiochemical and/or antigenic relationships between TAA and H-2 antigens (7,8). These relationships, together with the genetic restrictions cited above in the generation of CTL involving products of the H-2K or H-2D loci suggested the possibility that in certain tumor systems, the TAA which are able to most effectively stimulate CTL responses might be structurally similar to, or linked with, the H-2K or H- 2D molecules on the tumor surface. It has been previously demonstrated in allogenic models that antisera specific for the appropriate H-2K or H-2D products present on a target cell could specifically block CTL-mediated lysis (1,9). This report demonstrates that certain anti-H-2 alloantisera specific for the target tumor cells can block lysis of those target cells mediated by syngeneic tumor-specific CTL effector cells. PMID- 809533 TI - Phenogenetics of a suppressor and an enhancer gene of the lozenge34k allel of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The recessive sex-linked gene, lozenge34k, was initially identified on the basis of its effect on the compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster. However, its pleiotropic effects include modification of the antennae, legs and female reproductive structures as well. Two modifier genes, a third chromosome suppressor, su(lz34k), and a fourth chromosome enhancer, spae(lz), have been previously described and their effects on the various mutant characters of the lozenge34k phenotype were the basis of this study. These investigations included scanning electron microscope observations of the external morphology of the compound eye, a quantitative determination of the effects of the mutant genes on the tarsal claws, antennae and female reproductive capacity, and an examination of the functional ability of the compound eye. It was found that the modifier genes had little effect on the aspects of the lozenge34k phenotype other than the compound eye. The enhancer seems to suppress the lozenge phenotype with regard to the length of the antenna but otherwise there is no effect of the modifiers with regard to antennae, tarsal claws, spermathecae or female reproductive capacity (the number of eggs oviposited or the number of adult progeny ensuring from females tested). The lozenge-enhanced males also differed significantly from the other types in being less successful at inseminating females in the light. The lozenge and lozenge-suppressed males were more successful than the lozenge enhanced but less so than the wild type. This can be related to their ability to "see" since in the dark all types were at an equal disadvantage. Wild flies exhibited a positive phototactic response, lozenge were significantly less responsive, and both the suppressed and enhanced flies were even less so. Compound-X females lacking the lozenge34k allele were tested for phototaxis. Those homozygous for the suppressor were significantly less phototactic than the others indicating that the suppressor alone has a phenotype at this level. Except for the phototactic response of lozenge-suppressed flies, the functional ability of the compound eye can be correlated with its morphology. PMID- 809534 TI - Phenogenetics of the eyeless-dominant mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The eyeless-Dominant (eyD) mutation is a fourth chromosome insertional translocation which affects the eyes, antennae, ocelli, and sexcombs when heterozygous but is a larval-pupal lethal when homozygous. By use of a crowding technique, it was possible to separate eyD homozygotes and heterozygotes with 100% accuracy at an early stage of larval development. Under these conditions, the eyD homozygotes had a biphasic lethal period since 45% died as first or second instar larvae and 55% died as pupae. The eyDleyD pupal lethal, isolated by this technique, was able to form all the adult structures with the exception of the eye-antennal disc derivatives. The brain was present but abnormal. In testing the competence of the eyDleyD larval eye discs by means of transplantation experiments, it has been demonstrated that the mutant discs develop non autonomously. Histological studies have revealed the existence of neurological defects in both eyD heterozygotes and homozygotes. The eyDleyD lethal larvae lacked detectable optic formation centers and showed an extreme reduction in the number of cells present in the cortex of the brain. The ey"dleyD lethal pupae possessed partial formation centers and also had severe reduction in the number of cortical cells. The eyD heterozygotes possessed normal appearing formation centers but they did exhibit a moderate reduction in the number of their cortical cells as compared to wild-type. These studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between the extent of neurological damage and the time of developmental arrest. It appears that the eyD mutation must adversely affect the neuroblasts at a very early stage of development. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that the eyD mutation operates via the same basic mechanism of cell death in heterozygous and homozygous animals. PMID- 809535 TI - The use of an agglomerative numerical technique in physical evidence comparisons. PMID- 809536 TI - Reversal of "stone heart". Report of case. PMID- 809537 TI - Quantal basis of photoreceptor spectral sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Small potential fluctuations ("bumps"), boyh spontaneous and light induced, can be recorded intracellularly from the photoreceptors of Drosophila melanogaster. Statistical analyses of these bumps in the spectral range, 400-600 nm, lead to the following interpretations; (a) For weak stimuli at least, these bumps are the quantal units of the receptor potential. (b) Quanta of various wavelengths, when effectively absorbed, will elicit bumps of the same average size. (c) The spectral sensitivity of the receptor potential appears to have its origin in the relative efficiency of quantum bump production at different wavelengths, and not in the intrinsic difference in the properties of bumps produced by quanta of differenct wavelengths. PMID- 809538 TI - Calcium and EDTA fluxes in dialyzed squid axons. AB - Ca efflux in dialyzed squid axons was measured with 45Ca as a function of internal ionized Ca in the range 0.005-10 muM. Internal Ca stores were depleted by treatment with CN and dialysis with media free of high energy compounds. The [Ca]iota was stabilized with millimolar concentrations of EDTA, EGTA, or DTPA. Nonspecific leak of chelated Ca was measured with [14C]-EDTA and found to be 0.02 pmol/cm2s/mM EDTA. Correction of the measured Ca efflux for this leak of chelated calcium was made when appropriate. Ca efflux was roughly linear with internal free Ca in the range 0.005-0.1 muM. Above 0.1 muM, efflux was less than proportional to concentration but did not saturate at the highest concentration studied. Ca efflux was reduced about 50% by replacement of external Na with Li at Caiota approximately 1 muM, but was insensitive to such replacement for Ca less than 0.1 muM. Ca efflux was insensitive to internal Mg in the range 0-4 mM, indicating that the Ca pump favors Ca over Mg by a factor of about 10(6). Ca efflux was reduced about 60% by increasing internal Na from 1 to 80 mM. This effect could represent weak interference of a Ca carrier by Na or a loss of driving force because of a reduction in ENa - Em occasioned by an increase in Naiota. A few measurements were made of Ca influx in intact and in dialyzed fibers. In both cases, Ca influx increased when external Na was replaced by Li. PMID- 809540 TI - Effect of growth temperature on the lipids of Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens was grown in co ntinuous culture with glucose or NH4+ as the growth-limiting substrate. The total amount of lipid and the relative proportions of neutral lipid and phospholipid did not vary with the rate or temperature of growth. The amounts of the phospholipids, which were phosphatidyl glycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, altered with the type of growth limitation and with the temperature and rate of growth. A precise composition of phospholipid classes is not a requirement for growth at low temperature. Fatty acid composition also varied with changes of these growth conditions at temperatures above 10 degrees C, but at lower growth temperatures the degree of saturation of the lipids was strictly controlled, and was unaffected by changes in the growth rate or the nature of the growth-limiting substrate. The degree of saturation of the lipids was not critical at the higher growth temperatures, and the variation in the degree of saturation observed at these temperatures was due in part to a decreased ability of the organism to control the fatty acid composition of its lipids at temperatures above 10 degrees C. PMID- 809541 TI - The effect of chlorine on spores of Clostridium bifermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. AB - The effect of chlorine on the germination, outgrowth, colony formation and structure of spores of Clostridium bifermentans, Bacillus subtilis var. niger and Bacillus cereus was examined. Chlorine decreased heat resistance and slowed or prevented germination and swelling, but spores that did swell were usualy able to elongate to form vegetative cells. Chlorine removed protein from spores, apparently from the coat, and allowed lysozyme to initiate germination. Treatment with other agents that remove spore-coat protein increased the lethal effect of chlorine by as much as 4000-fold, suggesting that coat protein protects spores against chlorine. PMID- 809542 TI - Short communications. Characterization of a cym mutant of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 809543 TI - Immunomodification and the expression of virulence in mice by defined strains of Semliki Forest virus: the effects of myocrisin and 1-asparaginase. AB - Studies in mice of the modes of immunomodification imposed by cyclophosphamide, have been extended to comparative studies with Myocrisin, 1-asparaginase and interferon. It has been shown for mice infected i.p. or i.c. by an avirulent clone of SFV, that the potentiation of disease may be marked by many distinct changes in the type of rate of response. For low i.p. doses of virus, enhancement (Myocrisin, 1-asparaginase) or impairment (interferon) of the efficiency of infection may be associated with death (potentiation by Myocrisin) or protection (immunoenhancement by 1-asparaginase). For higher doses of virus the increased mortality after infection (primary potentiation) is determined within 2 or 3 days and appears to be due to inhibition of phagocytosis (Myocrisin and 1 asparaginase) and of T cell functions (1-asparaginase and cyclophosphamide). The increased incidence of death after challenge (secondary potentiation) appears to be due to inhibition of B cell functions (cyclophosphamide) associated with suppression of antibody synthesis and persistence of viraemia. These results are discussed in relation to the expression of virulence by a heterogeneous and replicating antigen. The critical cellular and humoral changes which occur within 2 or 3 days of infection are emphasized. PMID- 809544 TI - Arenavirus inactivation on contact with N-substituted isatin beta thiosemicarbazones and certain cations. AB - N-methyl and N-ethyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazones inactivate cell-free Parana and Pichinde viruses as well as three strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This antiviral activity is abolished in the presence of the chelating agent EDTA. The rate of virus inactivation by N-methyl isatin beta thiosemicarbazone is greatly enhanced and controlled by the addition of cupric sulphate. Divalent cations of other first transition series metals are less effective. A difference exists in the copper requirement for fast inactivation of the prototype arenavirus (lymphocytic choriomeningitis) and the Tacaribe Complex of viruses (Parana and Pichinde). In the presence of 20 muM-N-methyl isatin beta thiosemicarbazone, LCM and Pichinde viruses can be inactivated at about the same rate if 20 muM-CuSO4 is added to the former and 160 muM-CuSO4 is added to the latter. Using 20 muM-N-methyl isatin beta-semicarbazone and CuSO4 the inactivation of LCM is reduced, but not eliminated, in the presence of an equal amount of infectious Pichinde virus. Crude and highly purified Pichinde virus are inactivated at the same rate when exposed to identical concentrations of N-methyl isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone and cupric sulphate. There is little detectable change in the inactivation rates when Pichinde or LCM viruses are grown in a variety of different cell lines. PMID- 809545 TI - [Difficulties in genetic counseling in phakomatosis]. AB - It is often difficult to establish a valid pedigree in a family, a member of which shows one or another phakomatosis. It is indispensable to examine all the members of the family in order to detect the "formes frustes" or the atypical and abortive forms, which are frequent, and in order to establish a genetic prognosis and to give a genetic counseling, taking the penetrance into account. PMID- 809546 TI - Incidence of acetylcholinesterase in the sarcoplasm of human and chicken muscles. AB - Fifty-nine biopsies of human muscle, 53 of them abnormal, 6 normal, were studied for the histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using frozen sections and light microscopy. In addition to AChE which was found at the myoneural and myotendon junction, specific staining was found around the periphery of many fibers from normal and abnormal muscles. Moreover, AChE activity was found to be high in the sarcoplasm of more than 10% of the fibers from 28 biopsies of abnormal muscle including cases of hemiplegia, spinal cord injury, denervation and neuropathy, infantile spinal muscle atrophy, Duchenne, limb-girdle and facioscapulohumeral dystrophies, Schwartz-Jampel syndrome and a myasthenic syndrome. Of the muscles from experimental animals examined, only the Rhesus monkey exhibited AChE around the periphery of the fibers, and only the dystrophic chicken and not the dystrophic mouse or hamster, showed extensive sarcoplasmic AChE. Histograms of muscle fiber diameters indicated that AChE in the sarcoplasm was associated with fibers of all sizes, depending on the nature of the disorder examined. Fibers containing AChE were smaller than unstained fibers in dystrophic chicken muscle. The results suggest that in the human, sarcoplasmic AChE is reversibly repressed during muscle maturation and that its mode of regulation by motor neurons is similar to that found in the chicken. PMID- 809547 TI - Unit activity in vestibular nucleus of the alert monkey during horizontal angular acceleration and eye movement. AB - Single units were recorded from the vestibular nuclei of unanesthetized monkeys that were rotated in the horizontal plane while simultaneously pressing individual buttons in a controlled array which turned with hem. Using this behavioral paradigm, it was possible to 1) determine the relationship of unit discharge to eye movements measured by the DC-coupled electrooculogram and calibrated by the button-press task, and 2) determine the relationship of unit discharge to horizontal acceleration, either with or without the compensatory eye movements evoked by vestibular stimulation. Based on their responses during vestibular stimulation and/or eye movements, neurons in the vestibular nuclei (77% of our sample was in the medial nucleus) could be divided into four groups... PMID- 809548 TI - Physiologic characteristics of vestibular first-order canal neurons in the cat. II. Response to constant angular acceleration. AB - The physiologic response of first-order vestibular canal neurons, recorded within the internal auditory canal with glass microelectrodes, was studied in anesthetized cats. Neurons from all three canals were subjected to velocity trapezoidal rotations about the canal axis, and about different axes extending up to 90 degrees on either side of the canal axis in "roll" and 30 degrees on either side of "pitch." Each cell examined exhibited a spontaneous discharge and responded to constant angular acceleration in a fashion predictable from the direction of the in-plane acceleration vector and the known receptor hair cell polarization. Under conditions of prolonged constant acceleration, (5 degrees/s2 for 40 s) about 30% of the units which could be classified showed adaptation, 55% did not, and 14%, termed reverse adapting cells, demonstrated a fast rise followed by a slower, continual increase during stimulation. Secondary responses (undershoot or overshoot) were noted in most adapting neurons, but were absent in the reverse adapting group. Adapting neurons were distinguished from the nonadapting group by significantly lower resting rates, more irregular interspike interval distributions, and greater sensitivity to acceleration. When compared with nonadapting neurons, reverse adapting cells had higher spontaneous rates, less irregular spike intervals, and higher sensitivities. The mean canal sensitivity to angular acceleration for all cells was 2 spikes . s-1/deg . s-2 (range 0.3-7.4 spikes . s-1/deg . s-2). Significant differences in mean sensitivity values between canal neurons were demonstrated, with those from the anterior being the most sensitive, followed by the posterior and horizontal canals, respectively. Time constants for all canals governing the transitory rise (or fall) in rate with constant acceleration averaged 3.8 s. Small differences in mean values were noted between canals but these were not significant. Incremental time constants were found to be slightly but significantly longer (mean = 3.9 s) than decremental time constants (mean = 3.6 s). Some cells showed different tine constants to many trials of one stimulus as well as to different levels of stimulus. Most canal unitary responses were approximately linearly related to stimulus magnitudes over the range of 2-18 degrees/s2. This being the case, the angle between the canal plane and plane of stimulus become the main determinant in the first-order neural response. Here, a linear cosine relationship descriged the three-dimentionsal unitary response curve: maximum canal response was elicited with rotation about the canal axis, while no response was evoked with rotation about an axis approximately 90 degrees to canal axis. Between these two extremes, the response of a cell was determined by the cosine of the angle between the canala axis and the axis of rotation. PMID- 809549 TI - An olfactory projection area in orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey. AB - An olfactory projection area was studied in monkeys anesthetized with Nembutal. 1. Evoked potentials were recorded when the olfactory bulb (OB) was electrically stimulated in the lateroposterior portion of the orbitofrontal cortex (LPOF). However, those potentials disappeared when the anterior pyriform cortex (AP) (probably together with the medial portion of the amygdala (MA)) was aspirated or electrically destroyed. 2. In nearly the entire hypothalamic region, evoked potentials were recorded by the same stimulation of the OB. When the hypothalamic region was stimulated, evoked potentials were recorded in the LPOF. 3. The evoked potentials in the LPOF due to the OB stimulation never disappeared even when the thalamus was extensively aspirated or destroyed electrically, but they did disappear when the anterolateral and dorsoposterior portions of the hypothalamus were absorbed or electrocoagulated. 4. Evoked potentials in the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus were recorded when the OB was stimulated. When this nucleus was stimulated, evoked potentials were observed in the broad extent of the orbitofrontal cortex anterior to the LPOF, but never in the LPOF itself. 5. Monkeys were conditioned to discriminate two odors. When the LPOF was removed, such ability strikingly decreased; but when other areas in the prefrontal cortex were removed, the ability decreased only slightly. 6. It was concluded that there exists an olfactory pathway from the OB to the LPOF through the AP (and probably the MA) and the hypothalamus, but none through the thalamus, and that the LPOF plays an important role in the discrimination of odors. 7. It was proved that the entorhinal cortex (ER) is neither located as an intermediate olfactory area nor is it situated as a higher area than the LPOF in the newly found olfactory pathway stated above. It may be a link between the high olfactory area and the limbic system. PMID- 809550 TI - Discrimination of odors in olfactory bulb, pyriform-amygdaloid areas, and orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey. AB - In the orbitofrontal olfactory area (LPOF) which was delineated in a previous paper, the capacity for odor discrimination was studied and compared with that in the anterior pyriform cortex (AP), the medial portion of the amygdala (MA), and the olfactory bulb (OB). Unanesthetized monkeys were used and eight odors were applied. 1. In the OB, 12.5% of the cells responded to only one odor, and the cells which responded to five odors were most numerous (25%). The total of the cells which responded to two, three, and four odors was 52%, which was less than the total of the cells responding to three, four, and five odors (67.5%). A small number oc cells responded to all eight odors (2.5%). The responses were classified as an increase (+type), a decrease (-type), or no change (no-type) in the rate of spike discharge. 2. In the AP and MA, no difference in the response patterns was found. The cells which responded to only one odor were 12.3% of the total, and the cells which responded to three different kinds of odors were most numerous (34.3%). The total of the cells responding to two, three, and four odors was 80%, much more than that in the OB. In addition, no cell responded to all eight odors. Concerning the response types, an increase followed by a decrease, or vice versa, in the rate of spike discharges (mixed-type) was observed which did not appear in the OB. Thus, an advance was found in the processing of olfactory information when compared with the OB. 3. A most striking finding in the LPOF was that 50% of the cells responded to only one odor. The cells which responded to two, three, and four odors decreased in this order, and no cell responded to more than five odors. These cells never responded to light or sound. 4. Using three very similar odors and five very different odors, it was apparent that the ability to discriminate odors of the same category is far more advanced in the LPOF than in the lower olfactory areas; and, in contrast, the lower olfactory areas also play a significant role in the discrimination of odors which belong to different categories. 5. It was concluded that the capacity for odor discrimination definitely improves along the olfactory nervous system from the lower to the higher areas. It is highly probable that a fine and sepcific discrimination of odors is performed in the LPOF. PMID- 809551 TI - Clinical assessment of left ventricular regional contraction patterns and ejection fraction by high-resolution gated scintigraphy. AB - An improved, noninvasive, radionuclidic, gated blood-pool imaging technique has been developed for clinical analysis of regional contraction abnormalities of the left ventricle and determination of ejection fraction. The principal innovations include high-resolution collimation, higher information density, improved method for dynamic aortic-mitral-diaphragmatic border delineation, accurate selection of the endsystolic gating interval through the use of the phonocardiogram, and accurate end-diastole by on-line gating immediately following the electrocardiographic QRS. The results of scintigraphic studies were compared with selective radiopaque cineangiographic findings in 27 patients with cardiac disease; excellent correlations of ejection fractions (r = 0.93) and abnormal contraction patterns (17/17 patients) were demonstrated. In addition, the clinical usefulness in evaluating ventricular performance was demonstrated in 79 patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease. This radionuclidic technique allowed assessment of reversibility of segmental dyssynergy by the response to nitroglycerin in 20 patients. These findings demonstrate the validity of this improved radionuclidic technique in the atraumatic quantification of ventricular function and suggest its usefulness in a variety of clinical conditions. PMID- 809552 TI - Dynamic studies with 99mTc-HEDP in normal subjects and in patients with bone tumors. AB - Blood clearance, urinary excretion, and spinal uptake of 99mTc-HEDP have been measured in ten normal control subjects. Blood clearance from 15 min is biexponential. Approximately 70% of the administered activity was excreted in the urine within 6 hr of injection. Spine-to-background ratios rise sequentially with time. Net normal bone uptake rises little after 2 hr and improved visualization of the normal skeleton therafter is due to reduction of blood background activity. In 13 patients with bone tumors, direct measurement of diphosphonate uptake by the tumor-involved and corresponding normal bone showed a continued rise in diphosphonate levels in the tumor-involved bone due to increased metabolic activity. PMID- 809553 TI - A method for the preparation and quality control of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. AB - Gallium-68 (T 1/2 68 min) is a convenient label for radiopharmaceuticals designed for use with positron detection devices; the radionuclide is a generator produce obtained from its parent 68Ge (T 1/2 287 days). The labeling procedure itself is simple since gallium forms complexes without the use of reducing agents. However, 68Ga is present in the generator eluant as the gallium-EDTA chelate and must be separated from EDTA prior to its use as a label. A rapid and efficient method for achieving this separation and for preparing 68Ga-labeled compounds for human use has been developed. Paper chromatography is employed to determine the amount of each major gallium species present in preparations of two gallium complexes; 68Ga adenosine triphosphate and 68Ga-citrate. PMID- 809554 TI - The fibrous epulis in the dog. AB - The pathology of the fibrous epulis in the dog is described and found to be comparable to that seen in humans. Emphasis is placed on the apparent relationship between the hyperplasia of the covering epithelium and calcification of the connective tissue component, and a theory to explain this relationship is proposed. PMID- 809555 TI - Studies on human dental plaque. 1. Physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities of pooled plaque extracts. AB - Human supragingival dental plaque was collected from patients with various degrees of caries and periodontal disease. Plaque extracts, prepared in five different solutions (four varied from pH 1.8 to 12.7; one contained urea), were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and tested for amylase and lysozyme enzyme activity. Because no qualitative or quantitative advantages of using the extremes of pH or urea were observed, all subsequent extracts were prepared in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.3. Concentrated extracts were fractionated by gel filtration and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, molecular weight estimation, determination of enzymatic activities and amino acid and carbohydrate analyses. Regions of similarity among the gels were revealed by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of pooled plaque extract, normal serum and whole saliva. The elution pattern of pooled plaque extract from a standardized Sephadex G-200 column indicated the presence of both high and low molecular weight proteins that might have correlated with the components of normal serum and saliva. A predominant and dialyzable third fraction had no correlate in either serum or saliva. The small peptides in this fraction were subjected to amino acid, carbohydrate and peptide map analyses. The most abundant amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, leucine, lysine and serine. These small components contained no neutral or amino sugars. Pooled plaque extract and the small peptides exhibited similar peptide maps. PMID- 809556 TI - Studies on human dental plaque. 2. Immunochemical characteristics. AB - From collected supragingival plaque, extracts were prepared for immunochemical analyses. Extracted sediments were examined by fluorescein-labeled antibodies for the presence of immunoglobulins. Precipitation with monospecific and polyvalent antisera revealed IgA, IgG, secretory component, C3, alpha2macroglobulin, lactoferrin, and albumin in the extracts. Gel filtration of pooled plaque extract yielded two fractions that contained the aforementioned proteins and a prominent, dialyzable third fraction that was immunochemically nonreactive. IgA, IgG, secretory component, and light chains were shown, by immunofluorescence, to be present in washed, pooled plaque sediment. Release of these immunoglobulins by urea treatment indicated their probable participation in immune complexes. PMID- 809557 TI - Studies on human dental plaque. 3. Variation of protein constituents among individuals. AB - Separate plaque samples (collected from 13 patients who had experienced caries and various degrees of periodontal disease) were each dispersed in 1 ml of distilled water, homogenized and lyophilized. Each lyophilisate was extracted in 1 ml of buffered saline, concentrated and analyzed. Enzyme activity studies revealed amylase in all plaque samples. Lysozyme was present occasionally. By radial immunodiffusion, IgG and IgA were shown to be in plaque extracts of some patients. Immunofluorescence examination of the sediments of individual plaque samples revealed that IgG and IgA occurred frequently. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the extracts of plaque from different individuals exhibited marked variability despite some zones of similarity. Peptide maps of the dialysable material of the individual plaque extracts were remarkably similar. PMID- 809558 TI - Facial growth after condylectomy or ostectomy in the mandibular ramus. AB - A study was conducted in six young and six adult monkeys to determine how the condyle influences growth of the mandible. Either an ostectomy in the ramus to decrease condylar height or a condylectomy was performed on each monkey. Similar morphologic changes were observed in the maxilla and the mandible of both groups, indicating that the changes resulted from ramal shortening and alterations in function rather than from loss of a condylar growth center. PMID- 809559 TI - Thyroxine in human amniotic fluid. AB - Total and free T3 and T4 concentrations were measured in human amniotic fluid and in fetal and maternal blood. Before 20 weeks, the mean AF-T4 level was 0.24 mug/dl; there is a progressive increase in concentration with gestational age. At term, the mean AF total T4 level was much less (0.64 mug/dl) than in fetal or maternal serum (9.3 and 11.3 mug/dl, respectively). Most of the T4 (99.4%) in AF is protein bound, presumably to TBG as in serum, but the mean FT4 concentration in AF at term (4.13 ng/dl) was significantly greater than the levels in fetal or maternal serum (2.67 or 2.56 ng/dl, respectively). The mean TBG level in AF at term was 0.26 mg/dl. T3 was not measurable in AF (less than 15 ng/dl). There were no significant correlations between the total or free T4 concentrations in maternal or fetal sera and in amniotic fluid. Thus AF thyroid hormone concentrations in the euthyroid fetus do not reliably reflect fetal serum T4 or T3 concentrations. PMID- 809560 TI - Influence of exchange transfusion on the development of serum immunoglobulins. AB - Thirteen neonates with severe jaundice of various etiologies were followed after exchange transfusion for a period of one year. Blood levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured before and after exchange transfusion, four and ten days later, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Normal and jaundiced but not exchange transfused infants, matched for age, were used as control subjects. It was concluded that exchange transfusion suppresses the production of autologous IgG and IgA, whereas it provokes IgM synthesis. PMID- 809562 TI - Letter: Side effects of cromolyn sodium therapy. PMID- 809561 TI - The place of cromolyn sodium in the long-term management of childhood asthma based on a 3- to 5-year follow-up. AB - The long-term value of cromolyn sodium in the management of childhood asthma has been assessed over 3 to 5 years in 46 children with chronic perennial asthma who were not initially receiving corticosteroid therapy. The need to use steroids because of poor control during treatment with SCG was taken as a criterion of SCG treatment failure. Most such failures occurred early, but there were a few late treatment failures so that the proportion of SCG successes leveled of at 65% by the fourth and fifth years. Failure with SCG tended to occur in the younger children whose disease had progressed rapidly. By the fifth year, half of the children successfully treated by SCG had been able to discontinue use of the drug, and these children, but not the others, had diminished bronchial lability as shown on exercise testing. PMID- 809563 TI - Intracellular (muscle-fiber) habitat of Ancylostoma caninum in some mammalian hosts. AB - The persistence and precise location of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in tissues of vertebrate paratenic hosts and the nature of host responses were studied in mouse, cat, and monkey. Mice were infected percutaneously and examined at various intervals up to 260 days after exposure. Long-persisting larvae were found only in the muscles. Histologic sections revealed that within 4 hr after exposure some larvae had migrated through the skin and had entered individual fibers of the underlying muscles. After the 1st day nearly all larvae found in muscles were within fibers. Granuloma formation and encapsulation were not observed, suggesting that inside the fibers the larvae produced no direct inflammatory reaction. Only diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in muscles and this appeared to be in response to destruction of muscle fibers. Larvae were similarly located in muscles of a cat and a rhesus monkey examined 16 and 17 days, respectively, after cutaneous exposure. The histologic changes observed in muscle fibers invaded by A. caninum larvae are similar to those observed in early Trichinella spiralis infections. The larvae of A. canninum lying coiled within the muscle fibers also bear superficial resemblance to the larvae of T. spiralis. A. caninum larvae were also recovered by tissue digestion from muscles of naturally infected dogs, which suggests that larvae reside in this location in the bitch prior to transfer to the neonate via the milk. PMID- 809564 TI - Susceptibility of the "bush baby" (Galago crassicaudatus panganiensis) to Brugia malayi and B. pahangi. PMID- 809565 TI - The myrosperidan genus Davisia in two deep-sea fishes. AB - Two new species of Davisia were identified in the urinary bladders and kidney tubules of 2 species of marine fish. D. anoplopoma was found in Anoplopoma fimbria from southern and central California. D. pectoralis was recorded from Coryphaenoides pectoralis from northern California. We have distinguished between Davisia species whose lateral appendages are "solid" and those which contain a cavity in their lateral appendages. Our species belong to the latter category. We believe the lateral appendages of "hollow" species are extensions of the spore body and not, as sometimes pictured, independently attached. PMID- 809566 TI - Coccidia of sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis. AB - Eimeria gruis Yakinoff and Matschoulsky 1935, Eimeria reichenowi Yakimoff and Matschoulsky 1935, and an Adelina species are described from sandhill cranes in the United States. E. gruis was found in the feces of 11 of 14 Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pratensis) and 62 of 72 greater sandhill cranes (G. c. tabida) from Florida, 5 of 14 greater sandhill cranes from Arizona, and 4 of 16 lesser sandhill cranes (G. c. canadensis) from Texas. E. reichenowi was found in the feces of 12 of 14 Florida sandhill cranes and 66 of 72 greater sandhill cranes from Florida, 4 of 14 greater sandhill cranes from Arizona, and 5 of 16 lesser sandhill cranes from Texas. Adelina sp. was found in the feces of 3 of 14 Florida sandhill cranes and 2 of 72 greater sandhill cranes from Florida. The Adelina species is considered to be a spurious parasite of the cranes. PMID- 809568 TI - Development of Theileria mutants (Aitong) in the tick Amblyomma variegatum compared to that of T. parva (Muguga) in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. AB - A comparison was made between the development of Theileria mutans (Aitong) in adult Amblyomma variegatum ticks and the development of T. parva (Muguga) in adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Both batches of ticks dropped as engorged nymphs from cattle whose intraerythrocytic parasitemias were approximately 40%, and it was thus possible to make a direct comparison of the infection rates produced in their tick hosts in this experiment by the 2 species of Theileria. Ticks of the 2 batches were fed in ear bags on rabbits, and equal numbers of male and female ticks were removed daily for 5 days. The salivary glands were dissected out from these ticks, and from unfed ones in each batch, processed, and examined for Theileria parasites, which were categorized according to their morphological maturity. The A. variegatum ticks had a lower rate of infection with Theileria. Fewer parasites were observed in the ticks, and they took longer to mature. When the development of the 2 species of Theileria was compared, the major difference appeared to be that T. mutans had large Babesia like infective particles. PMID- 809567 TI - Activity of the anticoccidial compound, lasalocid, against Toxoplasma gondii in cultured cells. AB - The activity of the anticoccidial drug, lasalocid, was tested against Toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures. Multiplication of parasites was inhibited by 0.05 mug/ml of lasalocid added to the cultures prior to adding the parasite inoculum, with the parasite inoculum, or after the parasites had penetrated the culture cells. Penetration of culture cells was inhibited when 0.05 mug/ml lasalocid was added with the parasite inoculum. Incubation of extracellular parasites in 0.5 mug/ml lasalocid had no effect on penetration or multiplication. Ormetoprim, sulfadimethoxine, and a combination of the 2 were less effective than lasalocid. Monensin exhibited an inhibitory effect in all experiments. PMID- 809569 TI - Five species of Panamarian monkeys as new experimental hosts for Plasmodium simium. PMID- 809570 TI - The use of woven ceramic fabric as a periodontal allograft. AB - 1. The grafted material appears extremely compatible with the animals tested for the observed time periods. 2. The procedures used led to the obliteration of surgically created one-wall infrabony periodontal pockets with fibrous connective tissue and/or bone. 3. The ready access, ease of placement and flexibility of the woven ceramic materials appear to provide some definite advantages over autogenous bone and many of the alloplastic materials presently being used in the correction of infrabony periodontal pockets. 4. Although in the experimental animals the graft materials appeared to be nontoxic, nonantigenic and compatible with the growth of new bone, long-term studies are indicated to determine is compatibility and potential to obliterate "chronic" periodontal lesions. PMID- 809572 TI - Proceedings: Endogenous pyrogen fever, prostaglandin release and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 809571 TI - Contractions induced by a calcium-triggered release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of single skinned cardiac cells. AB - 1. Fragments of single cardiac cells were obtained by homogenization of ventricular tissue from adult rats. Remaining pieces of sacrolemma were removed by micro-dissection. Tension was recorded from the ends of the skinned (sarcolemma-free) cells with a photodiode force transducer. 2. In the presence of a strong buffering of the free [Ca2+] with 4-0 mM total EGTA, a tonic tension was obtained that increased according to t sigmoid curve when the free ([Ca2+] was increased from 10(-6-75)M to 10(-5-0)M. This curve was not modified by the destruction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by the detergent Brij 58. Therefore, the tonic tension corresponded to the direct effect of the free [Ca2+] present in the buffer on the myofilaments. 3. In the presence of a slight buffering of the free [Ca2+] with 0-050 mM total EGTA, cyclic contractions were observed that were attributed to cyclic releases and re-sequestrations of Ca2+ by the SR. The absence of effect of azide and ruthenium red on the cyclic contractions obtained at a free [Ca2+] lower than 10(-6-50)M demonstrated that the mitochondria played no role in the triggering of these contractions. 4. Cyclic contractions were induced by a slight variation of free [Ca2+] in the buffer from 10(-7-65)M to 10(-7-40)M. Their amplitude at 10(-7-40)M free Ca2+ was equal to the tonic tension developed by a free [Ca2+] 20 times higher applied to the myofilaments when the SR was destroyed by detergent or functionally inhibited by high total [EGTA]. It was concluded that these cyclic contractions corresponded to a Ca2+-triggered release of Ca2+ from the SR. 5. The cyclic contractions were induced by the filling of the SR with Ca2+ to a critical level at which it released a fraction of the Ca2+ it contained. Each contraction was followed by a re-sequestration of Ca2+, the kinetics of which conditioned the duration of the cycles. 6. The amplitude of the cyclic contractions increased when the free [Ca2+] that triggered them was increased. This gradation was deemed incompatible with a simple regenerative process, which should produce an all-or nothing response. Additional process, such as a modulation of the Ca2+ release by free [Mg2+] and [ADP] may help to explain the gradation of the contractions. 7. It was concluded that a Ca2+-triggered release of Ca2+ from the SR of rat ventricular cells may amplify the Ca2+ flux crossing the sarcolemma during the plateau of the action potential, thereby permitting the activation of the myofilaments. PMID- 809573 TI - Drinking by dogs during and after running. AB - 1. Drinking by dogs has been studied during and after running on a treadmill, and compared with the drinking produced by NaCl given by stomach tube or intravenously. 2. When water was offered with a delay of more than 5 min after the end of a run producing loss of 30-90 g water by panting, the drinking was similar to that produced by NaCl, assuming that loss of 100 g water produces the same increase in plasma sodium as 15 m-mole NaCl. It is thus possible to explain drinking with a delay after the run as due to loss of water. 3. When water was offered immediately after a run or during pauses in the running there was drinking which cannot be explained as due to loss of water. Although the immediate stimulus to drinking is small, it may cause repeated small drinks by which the evaporative loss of water during running is matched by water intake. 4. Water (10-20 ml./kg body wt.) given by stomach tube before the run reduced or abolished drinking during running. Doses of water sufficient to stop drinking did not cause an increase in urine volume. 5. From these results a figure is produced placing in order mechanisms which may contribute to the control of water balance. PMID- 809574 TI - Response of ventrobasal thalamic cells to hair displacement on the face of the waking monkey. AB - 1. In the unanaesthetized, moving monkey, single cell firing patterns in the region of the ventrobasal complex (VB) of the thalamus that respond to facial hair displacement were the basis for a statistical analysis of the effects of tactile, thermal and behavioural stimuli. 2. There were facial hair responses throughout the dorsoventral extent of the ventralis posterior medialis (VPM) nucleus of the contralateral thalamus over a rostro-caudal distance of about 2 mm (Fr. 5.1 to Fr. 7.1). 3. The three different anatomical types of facial hairs that activated thalamic neurones were common facial hairs, circumoral vibrissae and facial whiskers. 4. Displacement of the intermediate length, soft, yellow brown common facial hairs on the central and lateral face from fields of 1-9 cm2 produced a fast-adapting burst discharge in single thalamic cells in the upper half of the contralateral VPM. 5. Tactile stimuli applied to the short, stiff, white circumoral vibrissae in fields of 0-2-0-9 cm2 along the margins of the upper and lower lips resulted in fast-adapting phasic firing of units in the lower half of the contralateral VPM. Engagement or disengagement of the interlocking hairs of upper and lower lips resulted in increased or decreased, respectively, firing of these thalamic units. 6. Bending a single, long, stiff, black facial whisker extending out from the side of the face resulted in a sustained increased firing of contralateral VPM cells with directional sensitivity. 7. Cells in the ventrobasal thalamus relay mechanoreceptor input from three specialized hair types on the face of the monkey. These somatotopically organized hairy receptive fields are unique, registering response patterns from tactile, thermal and behavioural stimuli. Facial hairs must play an important part in primate feeding, drinking, and oral-exploration. PMID- 809577 TI - A study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with special reference to their pyocine typing. PMID- 809575 TI - Pulmonary vasomotor nerve responses in isolated perfused lungs of Macaca mulatta and Papio species. AB - 1. Lung lobes of Macaca mulatta and Papio species were isolated from the body and perfused by a pump delivering a constant volume inflow. The left atrial pressure was kept constant and therefore any recorded change in pulmonary arterial pressure reflected a change in pulmonary vascular resistance. 2. In five Macaca mulatta preparations stimulation of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain, the stellate ganglion, the middle cervical ganglion and the thoracic vagosympathetic nerve caused a small increase in calculated pulmonary vascular resistance usually followed by a larger decrease. Evidence is produced which suggests that the depressor response is mediated by adrenergic beta-receptors. In three preparations no change in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred. 3. In four Papio preparations stimulation of similar nerves invariably caused an increase in calculated pulmonary vascular resistance. In one animal no change in vascular resistance occurred. 4. A regression analysis of the results showed an inverse relationship between the magnitude of the pulmonary vascular response to nerve stimulation and the degree of excitement of the animals during capture, restraint and anaesthesia (P less than 0.01). PMID- 809576 TI - Effects of changes in the composition of the serosal solution on the electrical properties of the toad urinary bladder epithelium. AB - 1. The potential profile and the cellular and paracellular transepithelial resistances of the toad urinary bladder were measured, by means of micro electrode techniques, as functions of the osmolality of the serosal solution. 2. Reductions in serosal osmolality (that increase the rate of active sodium transport) produced proportional decreases in the electrical resistances of the apical and basal-lateral cell membranes, while the changes in resistance of the paracellular pathway were more complex. The apical membrane potential increased. 3. Increases in serosal osmolality (that decrease sodium transport) produced increases in the electrical resistances of both cell membranes, and moderate reduction in the paracellular resistance. The polarity of the apical membrane potential reversed. 4. These results indicate that reductions in serosal solution osmolality stimulate sodium transport by increasing both the sodium permeability of the luminal cell membrane (thus increasing sodium entry), and the electromotive force generated at the serosal border of the cell, thus enhancing the rate of sodium pumping. Conversely, increases in osmolality reduced sodium transport by reducing both the sodium permeability of the luminal membrane and the serosal membrane electromotive force. PMID- 809578 TI - [Methods of exclusive irradiation of cancers of the breast. Societe de Radiologie, 18 March 1974]. AB - It was the object of this round table to discuss the different techniques for treatment of breast cancer by radiation only, in order to seek out their common points. Six French Centres participated: the Foundation Curie (Paris), the Centre Anti-Cancereux de l'Hopital Sainte-Marguerite (Marseille), the Service de Radiologie de l'Hopital Civil (Strasbourg), the Centre Rene-Huguenin (Saint Cloud)k, the Service de Carcinologie Radiotherapique de l'Hopital Henri-Mondor (Creteil) and the Institut Gustave-Roussy (Villejuif). Our readers can see the details of the treatments practiced by each of the six schools in their own particular techniques, in the following pages. We will confine ourselves here to a brief summary only. It should be recalled that these techniques for treatment of breast cancer by radiotherapy alone vere developed almost simultaneously in several different Centres around 1960, as a result of the revolution in radiotherapy which began in 1975 with the installation of tele-Cobalt... PMID- 809579 TI - A case of congestive heart failure. PMID- 809580 TI - Nucleic acid related compounds. 17.3-Deazuridine. Stannous chloride catalysis of cis-diol vs. phenolic base methylation with diazomethane. AB - Treatment of a methanolic solution of 4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2 pyridinone (3-deazauridine, 1) with diazomethane gave 2-methoxy-1-beta-D ribofuranosyl-4-pyridinone (2) and 4-methoxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-pyridinone (3a) in an approximate ratio of 1:2. Analogous treatment of 1 with diazomethane in the presence of stannous chloride dihydrate gave eight detected products including 2, 2-methoxy-1-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-phridinone (4), 2 methoxy-1-(3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-pyridinone (5), 3a, 4-methoxy-1-(2 O-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone (6a), 4-methoxy-1-(3-O-methoxy-beta-D ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone (7a), 2'-O-methyl-3-deazauridine (6b), and 3'-O methyl-3-deazauridine (7b). For comparison, the 2'-O-methyl derivatives of 2 )4 and 5) and of 3a (6a and 7a), respectively, were prepared in good overall yields by stannous chloride catalyzed methylation of 2 and 3a. Treatment of 1 with benzyl bromide gave 4-benzyloxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-pyridinone (3b). Stannous chloride catalyzed methylation of 4-pivaloxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2 pyridinone (3c) gave the corresponding 2'-O-methyl derivative 6c. These compounds were tested in leukemia L1210 culture and against three bacterial strains and were found to be uniformly inactive. This provides a striking example of nucleoside structure specificity and also adds support to the depot storage enzymic cleavage mode of antileukemic activity of 4-(adamantane-1-carbonyloxy)-1 beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-pyridinone (3d). PMID- 809581 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-deamino- and N2-(gamma hydroxypropyl)actinomycin D. AB - 2-Deamino- and N2-(gamma-hydroxypropyl)actinomycin D were synthesized by modification of the parent actinomycin D molecule at the 2 position of the phenoxazinone moiety. The common intermediate was 2-deamino-2-chloroactinomycin D. Catalytic hydrogenation of this material afforded the 2-deamino derivative while treatment with gamma-hydroxypropylamine yielded the N2-(gamma hydroxypropyl) derivative. These 2-substituted actinomycin D derivatives were less potent in microbiological assays than the parent compound. Evaluation of activity in vivo against three murine tumor systems indicated that optimal dose levels of 2-deaminoactinomydin D were 50 times greater than toxic dose levels of actinomycin D. N2-(gamma-hydroxyporpyl)actinomycin D exhibited antitumor activity similar to the parent compound. PMID- 809583 TI - The medicalization of life. PMID- 809582 TI - Antiallergic activity of 2-phenyl-8-azapurin-6-ones. AB - The synthesis and antiallergic activity in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction of a series of 2-phenyl-8-azapurin-6-ones are described. Early in the investigation, a linear free-energy equation was established in which the activity was related to the size and hydrogen bonding capacity of the ortho substituent in the phenyl ring. This relationship was used to provide guidance and limits for subsequent work leading to 2-o-propoxyphenyl-8-azapurin-6-one which is 40 times more potent than disodium cromoglycate. It is suggested that good antiallergic activity in this series is associated with coplanarity of the phenyl group with the azapurin-6-one which would be favored by a high degree of hydrogen bonding. PMID- 809584 TI - Clinical damage, medical monopoly, the expropriation of health: three dimensions of iatrogenic tort. PMID- 809585 TI - Variability of acid hydrolase activities in cultured skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. AB - The specific activities of lysosomal hydrolases in cultured skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells showed wide and unpredictable variations between cultures, which may lead to difficulty in differentiating normal, heterozygous, and homozygous cells. However, the variability for a given culture was similar for all enzymes assayed, so that a clearer differentiation of a relative deficiency of a given enzyme could be obtained by expressing its activity in ratio to that of another enzyme. Activity ratios were particularly useful in the evaluation of enzyme levels in cultured amniotic fluid cells. Results of their application to tests of pregnancies at risk for metachromatic leucodystrophy, Krabbe's leucodystrophy, GM1-gangliosidosis, and GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff variant) are presented. PMID- 809586 TI - Transplacental passage of blood cells. PMID- 809587 TI - An electron-microscope study of naturally occurring and cultured cells of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae. AB - Electron-microscope studies are reported in which gonococci grown in cultures are compared with those present in urethral exudates. Whereas naturally occurring cells presented a smooth appearance with parallel cell layers, cultured cells were rough and their surface layers appeared to be disorganised. Three different types of pili were observed in cultures; the most common type seemed to be a product of unfavourable growth conditions. The number of piliate cells in pus was variable but always much lower than the number of non-piliate cells found. A study of free endotoxin present in cultures was made and its fine structure is described. Further observations suggest that although the majority of gonococci are killed after phagocytosis, others survive and multiply--giving rise to clusters of gonococci within remnants of phagocytes. It is suggested that these coated clusters are infectious units. PMID- 809589 TI - A technique for preparing human dermal and scar specimens for scanning electron microscopy. AB - The aims in a current study of dermis and scar tissue using the scanning electron microscope are: (1) to maintain the orientation of the specimen, (2) to preserve the in vivo architecture, and (3) to expose a satisfactory surface. A technique which best fulfils these requirements involves glutaraldehyde fixation of a splinted specimen, freeze-fracturing using a modified pair of pliers, freeze drying again after washing. Consistently satisfactory specimens have been obtained, which provide information about fibre architecture and cell distribution. PMID- 809588 TI - Calcium fluxes in internally dialyzed giant barnacle muscle fibers. AB - Calcium-45 fluxes have been examined in isolated giant barnacle muscle fibers subjected to internal solute control by means of "internal dialysis". The 45Ca efflux was dependent upon the concentrations of both total and ionized internal Ca (Ca2+ buffered with EGTA). With a total Ca concentration of 2.0 mM and a 1:2 Ca/EGTA ratio (nominal [Ca2+]i =0.13 muM), the Ca efflux averaged 1.2 pmoles/cm2 sec. Under identical conditions, the mean Ca influx was only 0.36 pmoles/cm2 sec. The Ca efflux may not be attributed to leak of the CaEGTA complex, since a 2.5 fold increase in the EGTA concentration (nominal [Ca2+]i=0.032 muM) reduced the 45Ca efflux by one-third. Furthermore, when EDTA was used to buffer the internal Ca concentration (in the absence of internal Mg), the steady efflux of 14C-EDTA was only about 10% of the 45Ca efflux (in parallel experiments). The timecourse of the 45Ca fluxes also appeared anomalous in the 45Ca influx reached a steady level much more rapidly than 45Ca efflux in fibers of comparable diameters. If the muscle fibers are treated as right circular cylinders, these data imply that the apparent diffusion coefficient for inwardly-moving Ca is much larger than for outwardly-moving Ca. In contrast to Ca efflux, the outward diffusion of 22Na, 14C EDTA and 3H2O appears to be limited primarily by the permeability of the dialysis tube wall. Some, but not all, of the anomalous behavior of the Ca fluxes can be reconciled if the deep, branched infoldings of the barnacle muscle surface membrane are taken into account. PMID- 809590 TI - Changes in size and secondary structure of the ribosomal transcription unit during vertebrate evolution. PMID- 809591 TI - Messenger ribonucleic acid content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens throughout its growth cycle compared with Bacillus subtilis 168. PMID- 809593 TI - The structure of an immunoglobulin light chain fragment in mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 809592 TI - Putrescine and certain polyamines can inhibit DNA injection from bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 809594 TI - Procaryote phylogeny IV: concerning the phylogenetic status of a photosynthetic bacterium. AB - The 16S ribosomal RNA (30S subunit) of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides has been characterized in terms of T1 ribonuclease digestion products. This "fingerprint" ultimately permits the placement of R. spheroides into a detailed procaryotic phylogenetic tree. Given the number of major procaryotic lines that have been characterized in these terms to date, one can tentatively place the Athiorhodaceae closer to the Vibrio-Enteric group than to the Bacillaceae or Cyanophyta. PMID- 809595 TI - Genetic analysis of bacteriophage phi29 of Bacillus subtilis: mapping of the cistrons coding for structural proteins. AB - Four phage phi29 suppressor-sensitive mutants of cistron O have been examined for production of 14C-labeled viral-specific proteins in restrictive infections of Bacillus subtilis and fail to produce the protein of the viral neck lower collar. Cistrons O and F have been placed on the genetic map, containing 12 cistrons, by three-factor crosses. The phenotypes of five cistron J mutants have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, and in three instances fragments of the normal polypeptide were detected. Three factor crosses with these mutants and a virus with a clear plaque phenotype were used to initiate the mapping of cistron J and the determination of the orientation of transcription in this map region. PMID- 809596 TI - Isosorbide dinitrate. Effect on the vasodilator response to nitroglycerin. AB - To evaluate whether there is cross-tolerance to the circulatory effects of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin, six subjects were given 120 mg/day of sustained-action isosorbide dinitrate in three divided doses for six to eight weeks. Prior to and during the last week of long-term isosorbide dinitrate administration, the effects of sublingually given nitroglycerin (0.9 mg) on plethysmographically measured calf blood flow and venous volume at 30 mm Hg (VV[30]) were measured on three occasions and averaged. Although the arteriolar dilation produced by nitroglycerin was unaltered by isosorbide dinitrate, the venodilation was significantly attenuated. The VV[30] increased from 3.00 to 3.28 ml/100 ml (P less than .02) with nitroglycerin prior to isosorbide dinitrate administration, but failed to increase with nitroglycerin during the long-term administration of isosorbide dinitrate (2.95 to 2.95 ml/100 ml, P greater than .5). PMID- 809597 TI - Radiation as primary treatment for local control of breast carcinoma. A progress report. AB - One hundred patients with localized breast carcinoma have been treated by radiation alone from July 1, 1968, until June 30, 1973, at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Patients were referred for many reasons, including changing opinions as to the indications for mastectomy. External beam therapy to the tumor bearing volume and its regional nodal chains has been frequently supplemented by iridium 192 interstitial implantation. Local control has been excellent, particularly in early stage disease. Regionally advanced mammary carcinoma, despite apparently adequate local therapy, demonstrates a rapidly falling survival curve, suggesting the need for early systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 809598 TI - [Genetics of Mycobacterium]. PMID- 809599 TI - [Bacterial spore cortex I. Comparison between peptidoglycans of the spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558]. PMID- 809600 TI - [Determination of heat resistance of Bacillus cereus T spores using a germination ratio]. PMID- 809601 TI - [Effects of glycineon the germination mechanism of Bacillus cereus T spores]. PMID- 809602 TI - [Hyponatremia in pediatrics]. PMID- 809603 TI - [Comparison of four methods for the determination of total iron-binding capacity in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 809604 TI - [Results of radiotherapy (6 MeV x-ray) for breast neoplasms following the surgery -with special reference to the factors responsible for recurrent metastasis]. PMID- 809605 TI - [Radiation pneumonitis following postoperative irradiation with 6 MeV of breast cancer]. PMID- 809607 TI - The mode of action of immunological adjuvants. II. Generation of a potent precursor of antibody-forming cell by adjuvant. AB - The mode of action of mycobacterial adjuvants was studied in mice, using a 'plaque size' technique and purified adjuvants, wax D and AD6. Data were obtained which suggest that the adjuvants do not act directly on antibody-forming cells or memory cells but on their precursors. The injection of the adjuvants alone apparently caused the generation of competent precursor cells in the spleen as well as in the bone marrow of mice, which developed large plaques and the generation of memory cells developing large plaques upon antigenic stimulation. PMID- 809606 TI - The mode of action of immunological adjuvants. I. A new method to assess the adjuvant effect of substances as represented by mycobacterial adjuvants. AB - When mice were sensitized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the addition of adjuvant-active substances to the sensitizing antigen resulted in a highly significant increase in the mean diameter of plaques developed by spleen cells as measured by Jerne's plaque technique. The increase in plaque diameter was found to be a good measure for the adjuvant effect of such substances as mycobacterial adjuvants, because the phenomenon is specific, reproducible, sensitive and can be tested using a few number of mice. PMID- 809608 TI - Serological investigation on hospital and domestic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. PMID- 809609 TI - Combination therapy of anti-endotoxin antibody and gentamicin in the immunosuppressed mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. AB - Therapeutic effect of anti-endotoxin antibody in combination with or without an antibiotic, gentamicin, was studied in DD-strain mice experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mice were treated by various immunosuppressive agents such as 60Co irradiation, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine or cortisone acetate prior to infection. Anti-endotoxin antibody was made in mice by immunization with original endotoxin protein (OEP). F(ab')2 fragment of IgG prepared from pooled immune sera was administered intravenously without side effects. Large dose of the antibody resulted in remarkable therapeutic effect even in absence of the antibiotic. Small dose of the antibody enhanced the therapeutic effect of gentamicin. Differential effect of the immunosuppressants for T and B lymphocyte populations was examined by anti-theta cytotoxicity test. Resistance of DD-strain mice to P. aeruginosa infection was not related to these lymphocyte population changes. PMID- 809610 TI - Specificity of antisera to subunit A of blood clotting factor XIII in immunodiffusion. PMID- 809611 TI - Presence of fine spirals (spirosomes) in Lactobacillus fermenti and Lactobacillus casei. PMID- 809612 TI - Suppression of intracellular multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by virus-inhibiting factor or interferon. PMID- 809613 TI - [Immunoglobulin determination in the meconium for early diagnosis of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 809614 TI - [High titer cold agglutinins with anti-pr specificity after rubella infection (author's transl)]. AB - High titer cold agglutinins (CA) after rubella infection are reported. When the rubella exanthema disappeared the clinical aspect of a cold agglutinin disease was observed. Three weeks after the appearance of the cutaneous eruption the CA titer reached a maximum of 1/8000, to then continuously fall off to normal values within 20 weeks. Double diffusion tests showed that the isolated CA were IgM proteins that possess only chi-type light chains. In spite of normal protein- and immunoelectrophoresis patterns obtained with whole serum samples, the isolated CA showed restricted electrophoretic mobility and a deformation of the precipitate typical for monoclonal immunoglobulins. In contrast to the common anti-I specificity of IgM CA, the IgM CA described showed anti-Pr specificity. Possible interrelations between CA specificities and types of germs inducing reactive cold agglutination are discussed. PMID- 809615 TI - Detection and preparation of immunoglobulin (Ig) mu chain protein in sera of patients with heavy chain diseases (HCD). AB - The detection of Igmu chain proteins in the serum of a patient with HCD by a combining of starch gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion is described. Partial isolation of mu chain protein by immunoadsorbtion on polyacrylamide gel has been acchieved. As no contaminations of mu chain protein with IgM protein could be detected a separate measurement of these proteins using immunoadsorbants of suitable exclusion limits seems to be possible. PMID- 809616 TI - Benefits from improved oxygen delivery of blood in shock therapy. PMID- 809617 TI - Steroid modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in the secretion of reproductive hormones. PMID- 809618 TI - Hypothalamic releasing hormones and fertility regulation with emphasis on ovulation induction before puberty. PMID- 809620 TI - Design of phase I studies for depot contraceptives. PMID- 809619 TI - Selection of steroids for incorporation into silastic intrauterine devices. PMID- 809622 TI - Aldosterone effect in the epithelium of the frog skin-a new story about an old enzyme. PMID- 809621 TI - The metabolism of androgens in central neuroendocrine tissues. PMID- 809623 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the right ventricle. PMID- 809624 TI - [Newest data on heavy chain disease]. PMID- 809625 TI - [Recent acquisitions in the field of anti-diabetic treatment]. PMID- 809626 TI - [New paths of research in diabetes. Pancreatic transplants and implantation of Langerhans B cells]. PMID- 809627 TI - Alloimmunization to HL-A antigens and hemolytic disease of newborns on the background of incompatibility in the Rh system. PMID- 809628 TI - The effects of inflation on federal health spending. AB - This paper examines the effects of inflation on the expenditures made by federal health programs, in total and by functional category. Over the period 1969-74, a total increase of more than 90 per cent in federal dollars was required to support real growth of 44 per cent. Federally financed service programs, like Medicare and Medicaid, and health manpower training programs made particularly large gains, while construction support for health care facilities lost substantially in real terms. Health research and prevention and control programs made more moderate real gains-25 and 29 per cent, respectively, over the period. Comparison of inflation rates in the health sector and in the economy generally suggest that there are important inflationary forces specific to that sector; policies to stem general inflation cannot be expected to solve the problem of health sector inflation. PMID- 809629 TI - [Bed requirement in somatic long term care]. PMID- 809630 TI - [Analysis of S-triiodothyronine and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 809631 TI - [Congenital diverticulum of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 809632 TI - KCN inhibition of lipoxygenase in purple, green, and white eggplants. AB - Lipoxygenase activity in three cultivars (purple, green, and white) of eggplant, Solanum melongena, were compared. Activity was greatest in the purple and lowest in the white variety. In contrast to reports that NaCN did not inhibit eggplant lipoxygenase, in these studies cyanide completely inhibited the enzyme in all three varieties. PMID- 809633 TI - Aerobic pentane production by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes. AB - The effects of oxygen on production of pentane and compounds absorbing at 234 nm and 285 nm by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes I and II were examined in a model system. Aerobic conditions increased pentane production. Differences in dienone formation (A285) and diene conjugation (A234) indicate the reaction sequences of the 2 isozymes are not the same. PMID- 809634 TI - [The significance of ECG tape-recording and trend analysis in diagnosis and therapy of heart rhythm disorders]. PMID- 809636 TI - [Clinical aspects of impotence in male permanent-dialysis patients]. PMID- 809635 TI - [Therapy and prevention using T3/T4 hormone. 5 Years of clinical and practical experience with Novothyral]. PMID- 809637 TI - Specific agglutinins and immunoglobulin levels in congenital Chagas infection. PMID- 809638 TI - [Biliary cysts]. PMID- 809639 TI - [Change in the ATP content in the cells of Anabaena variabilis]. AB - The content of ATP in the cells of Anabaena variabilis does not change during one day in the darkness as compared to that in the cells grown in the light, this suggesting the endogenous energy reserve of the cell. The level of ATP gradually decreases when the cells are incubated in the darkness during 25 days, but does not reach zero. The content of ATP increases for a short period in the light in the cells that have been incubated in the darkness during several days (up to 7 days). On the contrary, the level of ATP increases to a small extent and then falls in the cells grown in the light. These differences suggest disturbed coupling of the synthesis and utilization of ATP in the cells grown in the darkness. The content of ATP increases again in the darkness, confirming that the alga is capable of synthesizing ATP in the darkness. PMID- 809640 TI - [Asparaginase and glutaminase activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens in continuous cultivation]. AB - The cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens AG contain two inducable asparaginase enzymes: one of them hydrolyzes only L-asparagine (asparaginase A), the other--L asparagine, L-glutamine, and D-asparagine (asparaginase AG). In the conditions of continuous cultivation of the bacteria, aspartic and glutamic acids induce the formation of these enzymes only when the amino acids were used simultaneously as a growth-limiting factor and as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Both enzymes are not induced in the conditions when the growth is limited by the nitrogen of these amino acids. When the growth was limited by carbon, asparagine, aspartic and glutamic acids induce asparaginase AG more than asparaginase A. Asparagine and glutamine are better inductors than the corresponding amino acids. The activity of asparaginase and glutaminase increases with the specific growth rate of the culture. The induced synthesis of both amidases, after prolonged growth of the culture on a defined medium with glycerol, is inhibited by glycerol but not by glucose. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of regulation of amidases in these bacterial cells. PMID- 809641 TI - [Effect of age and the amount of inoculate on the growth of Streptococcus lactis and its formation of nisin]. AB - The cells of Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU, synthesize considerable amounts of nisine in the course of their growth. The rate of metabolic processes is not increased by stirring if the medium is complete and easily assimilated. Utilization of a young inoculate (1.5, 3, and 6 hours) reduces the process of nisine production by 1.5--2 times. The amount of the inoculate exceeding 1.5 volume percent has no significant effect on the biosynthesis. PMID- 809642 TI - [New phages of a polylysogenic culture of Actinomyces griseus]. AB - The culture of Actinomyces griseus 15 was found to have a more complicated phage composition than it was supposed earlier. A new virulent mutant B has been isolated, which differs by its properties from the phage of Act. griseus 15, type I, isolated earlier. Phage lysates of the virulent mutants originating from different temperate phages of Act. griseus 15. Therefore, the culture of Act. griseus 15 is polylysogenic, defective lysogenic and contains at least three different phages. PMID- 809644 TI - [Characteristics of spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus that break down caprolactam]. AB - Five strains of sporeforming bacteria were isolated from sewage of capron industry and their morphological, cultural, as well as physiological and biochemical properties were investigated. Four strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis and one as Bacillus pumilus. The cultures were able to grow in mineral medium with caprolactam as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The influence of growth conditions on the rate of caprolactam decomposition in synthetic medium was studied. PMID- 809643 TI - [Bacillus megaterium as a possible source of protein]. AB - The amino acid composition of protein was studied with Bacillus megaterium. Most of the essential amino acids are present in sufficient amounts, with the exception of sulphur-containing amino acids and probably tryptophan. The content of methionine is 2 percent. The proteins of the biomass are easily digested by trypsin. The culture of Bac. megaterium grows in a mineral medium containing 5 percent of sucrose or glucose. The yield of dry biomass recalculated for the sugar consumed decreases from 0.6 to 0.3 with an increase of the sugar concentration. The addition of molasses or corn steep increases the yield of the biomass to 15--20 g of dry matter per one litre of the medium. The biomass grown under these conditions contains 8--9 percent of nitrogen, 40 percent of protein, up to 30 percent of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the form of granular inclusions, and 10--14 percent of RNA. PMID- 809645 TI - [Decomposition of simazine herbicide in algal cultures]. AB - The possibility of simazine accumulation and detoxication in the cultures of some species of green, yellow-green, and blue-green algae was investigated. It has been shown that the algae can accumulate simazine in amounts hundred times exceeding its concentration in the cultural medium. The protein fraction contained up to 28.8% of simazine accumulated by the algae. The accumulation of water-soluble products of simazine metabolism in the cultural medium is indicative of the partial transformation of the herbicide. PMID- 809646 TI - [Some properties of bacteriophages isolated in brynza manufacture]. AB - According to the spectrum of lytic action towards 253 strains of Streptococcus lactis, 75 bacteriophages were subdivided into eight groups. According to their antigenic properties and morphology of their particles, the phages can be divided into three groups. Only two types of negative colony were found in the phages. The results of this study may be used to select bacterial strains during production of cheese. PMID- 809647 TI - [Purity criteria for Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cultures]. AB - Two-component cultures of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a bacterial parasite, are not always pure; sometimes they contain microbial forms, different from the host and parasite, which cannot be isolated by conventional techniques of inoculation on solid growth media. The only way to isolate them is to apply techniques used for the reversion of L-forms of bacteria. The isolated microorganisms have been identified. The criteria of purity were established for two-component cultures consisting of the host and parasite. PMID- 809648 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase activity of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas]. AB - The activity of acetylcholine esterase was determined in 50 strains of the Pseudomonas genus: Ps. aurantiaca (6 strains), Ps. aeruginosa (8 strains), Ps. fluorescens (31 strains), Ps. putida (1 strain), Ps. ovalis (1 strain), Ps. aureofaciens (1 strain), Ps. geniculata (1 strain), and Ps. nonliquefaciens (1 strain). The active strains of Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. aurantiaca are described. PMID- 809649 TI - [The detection and care of hypertonic patients. A novel social-medicine aspect of the problem of hypertension]. PMID- 809650 TI - [Duration of effective hypoglycaemic action of glipizide given once daily (author's transl)]. AB - The clinically effective duration of blood glucose lowering action of a new hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea, glipizide, given in single before breakfast dosage (up to 20 mg) has been studied in 20 apparently insulin-independent diabetics. All, on diet only, had persistent overnight 1-2% glycosuria, fasting glycaemia in excess of 150 mg/100ml, random mid-morning glycaemia of at least 250 mg/100ml and associated clinical symptoms. Eighteen were satisfactorily controlled over the observation period of six months by single daily dosage (mean 10 mg daily); in addition considerable improvement in glucose tolerance occurred. Complementary in patients indicated that, within the range of dosage studied, there was no therapeutic advantage in taking glipizide twice daily. PMID- 809651 TI - [Gycoside serum concentrations under maintenance therapy with Lanicor, Card Lamuran, MF708d, and Lanitop (author's transl)]. AB - The biological availability of digitoxin from Lanicor was compared with that from two different galenical preparations of Card-Lamuran (Card-Lamuran and MF708d both containing equal amounts of active ingredients: 0,125 mg digitoxin and 10 mg raubasine). The patients who were kept on their individually adjusted oral digitoxin maintenance dosage received the three preparations in a randomised order. Additionally, the equivalent dosages of Lanicor and Lanitop were determined from the data on their biological availability. In 24 patients with heart failure (mean age 70.5 years), radioimmunoassay of the glycoside concentration in the serum was performed. The patients were cardially well compensated with Lanicor and it could be assumed that there would be no change in the daily maintenance dosage for the entire period of the study (42 days). Our results show that digitoxin had the same bio-availability from Lanicor and the two different galenical preparations of Card-Lamuran and MF708d. Patients can therefore safely be switched from one of these preparations to the other. On average, doses of Lanicor 1.55 times higher than those of Lanitop must be given to obtain the same serum glycoside concentrations. The variation of this factor was no greater than the variation in serum concentrations of digitoxin during continued maintenance therapy with Lanicor. The mean serum concentrations of digitoxin under maintenance therapy in our geriatric patients (mean value 2.1 mg/ml) were higher than the digitoxin concentrations published in the literature for younger patients (average 1.4 ng/ml). The calculated daily maintenance doses providing a digitoxin concentration of 1.4 mg/ml were ca. 0.3 mg Lanicor and ca. 0.2 mg Lanitop. This is somewhat less than generally assumed. This agrees with the clinical experience that the glycoside maintenance dosage in elderly patients is generally less than in middle-aged patients. PMID- 809653 TI - Carbamazepine in the management of seizure disorders. PMID- 809652 TI - [New results in diabetes research]. PMID- 809655 TI - [Comparative study of the antigenic structure of Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Ascaris suum (Goez, 1782) in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic reactions]. PMID- 809654 TI - Effect of erythrocytes treated with enterobacterial common antigen on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection of mice. AB - The immunogenicity of enterobacterial common antigen (CA)-treated horse or mouse erythrocytes was determined in Swiss white albino mice by comparing survival rates with control mice, immunized with P. aeruginosa fraction-treated RBC and challenged in parallel with 10 LD50 S. typhimurium. The administration of small amounts of CA on horse, but not mouse, RBC significantly delayed mortality; protection was only marginally less than that evoked with 12-fold larger amounts of CA in the absence of RBC. Survival in infected animals was transient; independent of immunogen or control preparation employed, all mice were dead by day 15 after challenge. PMID- 809656 TI - [Detection of antibodies in cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 809657 TI - [Detection of species specific and cross reacting antigenic components of Echinococcus and Alveococcus]. PMID- 809658 TI - [TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) test in normal children and in children with various forms of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 809659 TI - [Naso-jejunal feeding in the newborn infant at risk]. PMID- 809660 TI - Common medical and behavioral problems in cats. PMID- 809661 TI - Disproportionately-replicated, nonfunctional rDNA in compound chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The multiplicity of the genes for ribosomal RNA varies in several ways. The series of bb mutants are an example of mutant phenotypes associated with deficiencies of the rDNA. In certain genotypes the amount of rDNA present can disproportionately replicate and in some cases become incorporated into the chromosome and thus inherited. In other cases there is no stabilization of the increased multiplicity of rRna genes. In still other cases the multiplicity of rDNA does not change. We describe cases of increased, but non-functional, multiplicity of rDNA in compound chromosomes routinely used in analyses of these phenomena and discuss the associated problems. PMID- 809662 TI - Conversion as a possible mechanism of high coincidence values in the centromere region of Drosophila. AB - Crossing over has been studied with mutants which flank the centromere of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster. Coefficients of coincidence greater than one were obtained. Putative double crossovers were recovered for genetic intervals whose genetic length is less than one centimorgan. It is suggested that gene conversion rather than conventional double crossing over accounts for the negative interference observed. PMID- 809663 TI - Transfection with heteroduplex SPP1 DNA: a pyrimidine dimer induced influence on the conversion pattern. AB - Bacillus subtilis competent cells were transfected with SPP1 heteroduplices having pyrimidine dimers in one of the strands. The data obtained reveal that excision repair of the pyrimidine dimers influences the ratio of wild type versus mutant progeny observed in "normal" heteroduplex transfection. With increased exposure of one strand to UV dose the percentage of infective centers having the unirradiated strand genotype shows an increase. A comparison of the transfection data in her+ and her- host excludes asymmetric replication as the cause of the observed changes in the conversion pattern. The data can be explained on the basis of a dimer induced co-excision of the mismatched region. In addition transfection data from wild type/deletion mutant heteroduplices where the strand of mutant origin was irradiated exclude the possibility of the wild type loop being excised during uptake. PMID- 809664 TI - The ribosomal proteins of drosophila melanogaster. IV. Characterization by two dimensional gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal proteins from nine postembryonic developmental stages. AB - The ribosomal proteins from nine postembryonic developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The ribosomal protein patterns thus obtained constitute reliable control patterns against which any potential mutant can be compared. Furthermore, the results provide increased evidence for a qualitative and quantitative change in the protein composition of the total population of ribosomes which occurs mainly during the third larval instar. Two acidic proteins were found, which may be homologous with rat liver ribosomal proteins L40/L41 and E. coli proteins L7/L12. PMID- 809665 TI - The ribosomal proteins of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal proteins of the temperature-sensitive lethal allele of suppressor of forked, l(1) su(f)ts67g: a putative ribosomal protein mutant. AB - The possibility that the ribosomes of a temperature-sensitive lethal allele of suppressor of forked, l(1)su(f)ts67g, contain a mutated protein was studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results from these analyses revealed no differences in the ribosomal proteins between the mutant and the wild-type strain Ks. It was found, however, that the transition from larval to adult ribosomal protein complement, which occurs mainly during the third instar in Kas, takes place during puparium formation in the mutant at 25 degrees C while it appears to be fatally delayed at 30 degrees C. Thus mutant larvae shifted up to 30 degrees C at 70 hours after oviposition failed to pupate, but reached the third instar and showed an adult ribosomal protein pattern after 4 days. Also, the ribosome content in these larvae was found to be significantly lower compared with late third instar larvae. It was furthermore found that larvae collected within 50 hours of transfer back to 25 degrees C, after a 5 day, 30 degrees C treatment, showed a reversion to a ribosomal protein pattern identical with that of Kas late third instar larvae. The results suggest that the biosynthesis of imaginal ribosomes in l(1)su(f)ts67g is seriously impaired at 30 degrees C and less so at 25 degrees C. Further studies are necessary, however, in order to understand the exact nature of this mutant, which may turn out to be a useful tool in studies on the biosynthesis of ribosomes in D. melanogaster. PMID- 809666 TI - Morphine metabolism. IV. Studies on the mechanism of morphine: uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase and its activation by bilirubin. PMID- 809667 TI - Effects of temperature and inorganic ions on calcium accumulation in microsomes from intestinal smooth muscle. AB - Energy dependent calcium binding in microsomal vesicles from the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig intestine was investigated at two different temperatures (30 degrees C and 10 degrees C) and in the absence and presence of CdCl2, BaCl2 and MnCl2. The investigation was carried out to determine whether the effects of temperature and the effects of the divalent ions on microsomal calcium binding could be correlated with the effects of these interventions on the mechanical activity of the intact longitudinal fibers. A reduction in temperature from 30 degrees C to 10 degrees C inhibited both the uptake of calcium into the microsomes and the rate of release of calcium ions from the microsomes to the external medium. This exchange in temperature also slowed the rate of relaxation of the intact longitudinal muscle after it had been induced to contract with acetylcholine and subsequently allowed to relax by removing calcium ions from the bathing medium and adding 1 X 10(-3) M EGTA. The presence of CdCl2, like the reduction in temperature, decreased the uptake of calcium into the microsomal vesicles. However, the release of calcium from the microsomes was accelerated. BaCl2, produced the same effects as did CdCl2 on the uptake of calcium into microsomes but to a lesser extent. It had very little effect on the release of calcium ions from the microsomes. MnCl2 had no significant effects on either the uptake or release of calcium ions in the microsomal preparation. Both CdCl2 and MnCl2 exerted an inhibitory action on acetylcholine-induced contractile responses of the intact longitudinal fibers; whereas BaCl2 served to initiate a contractile response in the smooth muscle fibers. Thus, it would appear that the effects of a temperature change on microsomal calcium binding and on mechanical activity in intact fibers can be correlated; but the effects of CdCl2, BaCl2 and MnCl2 on these two cellular processes do not follow any consistent pattern. PMID- 809668 TI - [Pacemaker treatment in myocarditis (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of bradycardial arrhythmias in the course of myocarditides of different etiologies is reported. The many different variations in the course of the disease are presented with reference to seven typical examples, and also the indications and risks for pacemaker therapy and its predominantly successful but sometimes, in the last analysis, unsatisfactory use. PMID- 809669 TI - [Medical interruption of pregnancy in India (author's transl)]. AB - The law on medical interruption of pregnancy was introduced in India in 1971. According to this, a pregnancy may be interrupted (only by a specialist) if the life or mental health of the mother is threatened or if there is a danger of severe bodily or mental abnormality in the child. The methods of interruption used are: 1. simple suction, 2. dilatation and curettage (one or two sessions), 3. vacuum aspiration, 4. hysterotomy (abdominal, vaginal), 5. intrauterine injections (hypertonic saline or glucose solution, urea, prostaglandins), 6. intrauterine bougie. After the operation the doctor must advice the patient on methods of contraception. PMID- 809670 TI - [Letter: Erythema chronicum migrans meningitis--a bacterial infectious disease? Comment on K. Weber, Munch. med. Wschr. 116 (1974) 1993-1998]. PMID- 809671 TI - [Letter: Erythema chronicum migrans meningitis--a bacterial infectious disease? Conclusion to the preceding comments by P. Giroud]. PMID- 809672 TI - [Letter: Mesenteric lymphadenitis. Comments on W. Kanert, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 311-312]. PMID- 809673 TI - [Letter: Mesenteric lymphadenitis. Conclusion to the above comments by H. Muller]. PMID- 809674 TI - [Letter: Spinal anesthesia in orthopedic and traumatologic interventions. Comments on Ch. Buchert, Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 171-174]. PMID- 809675 TI - [Letter: Spinal anesthesia in orthopedic and traumatologic interventions. Conclusion to the comments by H.E. Rummele]. PMID- 809676 TI - [The clinical use of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) (author's transl)]. AB - ALG is mainly used for immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplants. Controlled clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of ALG in kidney, bone marrow and skin transplantation. Pilot studies describe a therapeutic effect in human autoaggression. A possible therapeutic effect, however, depends upon the strict observation of the following criteria: 1. Adequate dosage (20 mg/kg and more). 2. Intravenous application. 3. Suppression of sensitization against xenogeneic globulin by induction of immunological unresponsiveness before ALG treatment (prevention of allergic complications and increase of ALG efficacy). Previously published negative results with ALG can be explained by failure to comply with the above criteria. PMID- 809677 TI - [Retardation of the excitation conduction by propaphenone. Duration and dosage effect relation after oral administration (author's transl)]. AB - After oral administration, and depending on dosage, propaphenone produces a uniform delay of the excitation conduction in the region of the atrium, ventricle and atrioventricular conduction. At a dosage of 5 or 10 mg/kg body-weight (1 or 2x 300 mg capsules) propaphenone causes an average delay of excitation conduction of + 11% or + 19% of the initial value, and of + 39% (capsule) or + 30% (sugar coated tablet) at 14 mg/kg body-weight. The maximum effect is attained 2.5 to 4 hours after administration. A prolongation of conduction times and consequently of the anti-arrhythmic efficacy, is still found eight hours after oral ingestion. PMID- 809678 TI - [Muscle relaxants in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (author's transl)]. AB - In 195 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgias, atypical facial neuralgia or zoster neuralgia in the face it was shown that, in the initial stages of these diseases, the efficacy of the always satisfactory medicinal treatment with an anticonvulsant (hydantoin or carbamezathine) can be increased by combination with a muscle relaxant (especially chlormezanone). Medicinal therapy is then still frequently possible without side effects and operative treatment (Frazier Spiller's retrogasserian neurotomy) can be postponed. PMID- 809679 TI - [Blood-CSF kinetics of penicillin G in neurosyphilis (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the penicillin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid patients with neurosyphilis showed that conventional therapy can attain effective treponemocidal levels for only a short time or not at all in the CSF and brain tissue, the regions where the treponemas are found in this particular stage of disease. Intravenous infusions with high doses (0,5 mega unit penicillin-G/kg body weight in 24 hours) over more than one generation phase of the treponemas (35-43 hours) considerably improve the recovery. 16 patients were treated in this way and been followed over 2-3 years clinically and immunologically. PMID- 809680 TI - [Clinical testing of the vaginal paste Oestro-Gynedron]. PMID- 809681 TI - [70th anniversary of Wolfgang Lehmann]. PMID- 809682 TI - [Thromboembolism. Principles, possibilities, and prospects of success of specific prophylaxis (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of prophylaxis of thrombosis or embolism is undisputed. Simple measures like early rising, the use of stockings and physiotherapeutic mobilization are, of course, indispensable, but they are not an absolute protection. In particular, where there is a great tendency to embolsim, the use of anticoagulants cannot be dispended with, but this is only really logical when it is already begun preoperatively. Only in this way can intraoperative and postoperative phase of hypercoagulability be brought under control. PMID- 809684 TI - [The future of estrogen substitution in the menopause. Psychological and sociological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The future of estrogen substitution (ES) in the menopause was examined in 425 patients in our clinic from the psychological and sociological aspects. Of the women questioned, one fourth would not consider estrogen substitution from the menopause onwards another fourth would only accept this for one year, one quarter for up to six years and the remaining quarter for longer than six years. The reasons for this decision were sought. The positive attitude towards estrogen substitution was seen to depend on age, education level, intelligence, knowledge of sexual hormones, experience with the pill, history of abortion, parity and personality factors. PMID- 809683 TI - [Penicillin V potassium in tonsillar tissue and serum (author's transl)]. AB - 1.2 mega U Penicillin V potassium was given to 20 patients 2 hours (group 1) and another 19 patients 3 hours (group 2) before tonsillectomy. After the operation biological determinations of the levels of active principle were made from tonsillar tissue and serum with statistical evaluation of the results (Spearman's rank correlation). There was a significant connection between the serum and tonsillar tissue concentrations (in children and adults) in both groups. The level of the active principle in group 2 was only slightly lower than in group 1. Many of the micro-organisms responsible for tonsillitis can be influenced by the concentrations found here, so that application of Penicillin V can often be expected to have a good therapeutic effect. PMID- 809685 TI - [The effect of human growth hormone (HGH) on osteoblasts cultures (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of human growth hormone (Crescormon) on 2000 tissue cultures of embryonal bone from the domestic fowl was examined. The reactions of the osteoblasts were distinct; up to a dilution of 1:100 there was a marked stimulation of cell proliferation which fell away remarkably at still higher dilutions. But these proliferation stimulating reaction fall away immediately when the time of duration of action of the hormone stated on the pack has expired. Then reactions occur which are reminiscent of those of a cytostasis: an ever increasing inhibition of all cell activity. PMID- 809686 TI - [The significance of the serum lithium level for lithium therapy of phasic psychoses (author's transl)]. AB - Lithium is an effective substance for the treatment of frequently recurring manias and depressions. But its use requires some precautionary measures which must be carefully attended to. Thus, the initial dose must be low. Then the serum lithium level must be determined after one week. The best time to take the blood sample is about 12 hours after the last dose of lithium. The dosage is adjusted according to the serum lithium level. Subsequent adjustments are frequently necessary during the first few weeks of treatment until the optimal serum lithium level for the individual patient has been found. PMID- 809687 TI - [Effect of gliquidone and glibenclamide following oral administration]. AB - Gliquidone shows a good blood sugar lowering effect over the wide dose range of 30-60 mg in fasting subjects with a healthy metabolism, in spite of the wide range. This behavior suggests that a good therapeutic application is to be expected in diabetics being treated with sulfonylureas. PMID- 809688 TI - [The limits of the doctor's duty in intensive medicine (author's transl)]. AB - The technical possibilities of intensive care, bound up with hope and torment for those treated, call for limitation of the duties of the doctor at the point where the treatment becomes mere technical brilliance and utterly pointless for the survival or subsequent life of the patient. The doctor's problem is to know when a treatment is hopeless. The only way to find out is by therapeutic trial. If the expected success is not produced within a reasonable time, then, from the point of view of the proper understanding of medical duty, it must be stopped. An attempt is made to draw up a series of degrees of intensive therapy for practical purposes. The performance of such a graded therapy, which in the last analysis consists of the stage by stage disposal of maximum possibilities of treatment, demands the capacity to think, the courage of responsibility and a great wealth of psychological and human insight. PMID- 809689 TI - [Experiences with ciclacillin in pediatric practice]. PMID- 809690 TI - [Letter: Bilateral hyperdeveloped cervical ribs and fitness for active service in the German Army]. PMID- 809691 TI - [Letter: Coronary spasm following ergotamine medication]. PMID- 809692 TI - [Letter: Headache in hepatitis]. PMID- 809693 TI - [Letter: Anosmia and chronic rhinitis caused by influenza--possible therapy]. PMID- 809694 TI - [Letter: Indications for pancreas resection]. PMID- 809695 TI - [Colonic diverticulitis. Clinical aspects, indications, operative treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In surgical practice colonic diverticulitis and its complications are frequently met. After a brief description of the more important etiological and pathogenetic aspects which are important for the development of colonic diverticulosis, the clinical part is chiefly concerned with the complications of this disease. Clinical and differential diagnosis take into consideration the complications in particular: perforation, penetration, fistula formation and hemorrhage. Operative treatment which takes these complications into account offers the possibilities of oversuture, antelocation, drainage with or without a relieving transverse anus and resection procedures either at one or several sessions. An attempt is made to define exactly the operative tactic procedure in relation to the individual complications. PMID- 809696 TI - [Total substitution of the esophagus after resection or as a temporary measure (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years, communications have been made repeatedly on methods for substitution of the esophagus after total extirpation or as a temporary measure. However, under the impression of disappointments and resignation, the statistical material has remained small and so far it has not been possible to develop a skilled standard procedure. On the other hand, a partial substitution of the lower third of the esophagus by stomach has become a much-practised and usually successful surgical procedure. Total resection of the esophagus with surgical transposition is a big intervention, especially when perfomred as a single operation. But it is our opinion that when the patient's condition is satisfactory in respect of the indication for operation, one should certainly be critical but on the whole less restrained. PMID- 809697 TI - [Sclerosis of the anal sphincter from the point of view of mechanical ileus (author's transl)]. AB - Anal sphincter sclerosis, which leads to recurrent subileus and finally to the complete picture of ileus, is presented in relation to 6 of our own observations. Ileus conditions are triggered off by: 1. years of abuse of laxatives, 2. intraperitoneal adhesions supporting the tendency to ileus (postoperative hernia, soft abdominal wall, intestinal atony), 3. viscerovisceral reflexes initiated by other diseases (heart, lung, gallbladder, liver, kidney etc.), 4. chronic recurrent changes with irritation of the terminal organ itself. Women seem predestined for this disease. The existing subileus or ileus condition can be eliminated in all cases by stretching the sphincter and partial sphincterotomy, so that the patients could be spared a laparotomy. PMID- 809698 TI - [Duplication of the external and common iliac veins with a venous trunk anterior to the artery (author's transl)]. AB - Short duplications of the stem forming an island where the artery crosses it have been described as isolated variants of the v. iliaca communis. V. iliaca externa and interna opening into the vena cava separately and a femoral vein opening into the ipselateral internal iliac vein are isolated observations of irregular junctions. An observation of duplication of the v. iliaca externa and to some extent also of the v. iliaca communis with concomitant duplication of the v. femoralis is reported, one of the two iliac venous trunks taking a course ventral to the external and common iliac arteries. These numerical abnormalities in combination with the irregular position of the v. iliaca externa and partly also of the common iliac vein are observed here for the first time. PMID- 809699 TI - [The operative treatment of paresis of the fibular nerve caused by external compression (author's transl)]. AB - The operative treatment of six cases of paresis of the fibular nerve caused by external compression in five patients are reported. From the intraoperative findings and the postoperative results, decompression of the fibular nerve with simultaneous neurolysis can be recommended as the optimal method for cases, which have been treated conservatively without success. PMID- 809700 TI - [Coronary angiography in the pre-infarct syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - During the first ten month of the past year (1974) we did 310 selective coronary arteriographies by the Sones technique at the Department of Cardiology of the Medical Clinic Wurzburg. The incidence of complications in this comparatively small group was 0%. In seven cases we did an emergency coronary arteriography. Six of these patients were transferred immediately after examination to the Department of cardiac Surgery of the University of Erlangen for emergency aortocoronary vein bypass. One of these patients died within the next 6 hours postoperatively. Five patients in this group are in good condition. Three patients had a double aorto-coronary vein bypass. PMID- 809701 TI - [Experience with the intracardiac floating catheter in the diagnostics of cardiac function (author's transl)]. AB - A report is made on the experience gained in more than 600 cardiac catheterizations using the Swan-Ganz-Intracardiac floating catheter. This procedure is an addition to the diagnostic possibilities and provides answers to cardiological and pulmonological questioning which, so far, had not been an indication for cardiac catheterism. Its advantage is the safety of application and little inconvenience to the patient with a high information content for the physician. If the investigations are carried out under ergometer load, new aspects of functional diagnostics arise with respect to problems requiring intimate knowledge of the myocardial function. PMID- 809702 TI - [Life expectancy in acquired vitium cordis after operative treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Indications and results of operative treatment of acquired heart diseases are presented with reference to our experience with over 1500 operations on the heart valves and over 800 coronary surgical operations. The risk in timely operation for prosthetic substitution of aortic and mitral defects is less than 5%. An essential condition is, however, that no irreversible changes have developed and that the defect could be completely corrected. Surgical treatment of coronary heart disease is superior to conservative therapy and carries a risk of under 2% on strict indication. Timely operation on segmental stenoses before the ischemic myocardium is fibrosed is an essential. 70% of patients operated on can count on freedom from complaint for the time being after these palliative operations. PMID- 809703 TI - Concentration-effect studies with MMS, TEB, 2, 4, 6-TriCl-PDMT, and DEN on the induction of dominant and recessive lethals, chromosome loss and translocations in Drosophila sterm. AB - Comparative tests were made with four mutagens, treating male germ cells, particularly mature sperm, of Drosophila melanogaster. Dominant lethals, sex linked recessive lethals, sex-chromosome loss and partial loss, and in one test translocations were used as genetic and points. The four mutagens, methanesulphonate (MMS), 2,3,5,6-tetraethyleneimino-I,4-benzoquinone (TEB), I(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene (2,4,6-triC1-PDMT), and diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) are known to differ in their chemical properties and mode of mutagenic action. An apparent relationship between dominant lethal induction and other genetic damage was found only with TEB. All four mutagens are efficient inducers of sex-linked recessive lethals. At low concentrations there was no direct concentration-frequency relationships. The two direct mutagens, MMS and TEB were effective in the chromosome loss tests. DEN does not induce translocations or any of the other types of damage studied which can be attributed to chromosome breakage. It is concluded that the sex-linked recessive lethal test is a simple and efficient way of preliminary screening chemical mutagens with Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 809704 TI - Partial losses of sex chromosomes induced by X-rays in spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The frequency of induced partial and complete losses of sex chromosomes from spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster was determined by mating irradiated males to females heterozygous for an attached-X Y chromosome and for a bb-deficient chromosome. The relative involvement of the X- and Y-chromosomes in partial losses was determined by (a) irradiating males with an X-chromosome centromere marked by a y+ translocated to the short right arm, and a Y-chromosome marked by w+, and (b) comparing the frequencies of fragments recovered from irradiated males with a normal, marked Y-chromosome and from irradiated males and a deleted bb Y-chromsome. 50-80% of the induced losses of sex-chromosomes in rod-X/Y males were partial losses, whereas only 25% of those induced in ring-X/Y males were partial losses. More than 70% of the recovered fragments were of Y-chromosome origin. Fragments recovered from attached-X-Y sons of irradiated males wer checked for the presence of the most proximal euchromatic X-chromosome genes. Most fragments of the rod-X were broken more proximally than bb. In the ring-X there was an excess of fragments broken in the proximal euchromatin. It was concluded that many fragments of the Y-chromosome was due to breaks induced by one-hit events, in both arms of the chromosome that were folded upon themselves. A similar mechanism had been postulated earlier for fragments of the ring-X chromosome. PMID- 809705 TI - N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis during germination of Bacillus spores. PMID- 809706 TI - Azide mutagnesis. In vitro studies. PMID- 809707 TI - Innate metabolic differences and mutagen sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Radiosensitivity of hyperkinetic mutant. AB - The sensitivity to gamma-rays of a hyperkinetic mutant (HK1), characterized by high metabolic activity, has been studied and compared with gamma-ray sensitivity of the wild-type Oregon-K. Radiation damage, as measured by the frequency of induced dominant lethals (DL) and sex-linked recessive lethals (SLRL), was more in HK1 as compared with Or-K. The maximal sensitivity differences for these parameters were observed in the first brood. Translocations, on the contrary, were in general fewer in the HK1 compared with Or-K. These results have been interpreted in terms of reduced repair of mutational lesions in the energy stressed cells of KH1. PMID- 809708 TI - Abdominal surgery (first of three parts). PMID- 809710 TI - Letter: Decisions, decisions. PMID- 809709 TI - Abdominal surgery (third of three parts). PMID- 809711 TI - Reversal by phenylephrine of the beneficial effects of intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nitroglycerin has been shown to reduce ST-segment elevation during acute myocardial infarction, an effect potentiated in the dog by agents that reverse nitroglycerin-induced hypotension. Our study was designed to determine the effects of combined nitroglycerin and phenylephrine therapy. Ten patients with acute transmural myocardial infarctions received intravenous nitroglycerin, sufficient to reduce mean arterial pressure from 107 +/- 6 to 85 +/- 6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), for 60 minutes. Left ventricular filling pressure decreased from 19 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). SigmaST, the sum of ST segment elevations in 16 precordial leads, decreased (P less than 0.02) with intravenous nitroglycerin. Subsequent addition of phenylephrine infusion, sufficient to re-elevate mean arterial pressure to 106 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) for 30 minutes, increased left ventricular filling pressure to 17 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and also significantly increased sigmaST (P less than 0.05). Our results suggest that addition of phenylephrine to nitroglycerin is not beneficial in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 809712 TI - Reduction in myocardial ischemia with nitroglycerin or nitroglycerin plus phenylephrine administered during acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nitroglycerin reduces ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in dogs--an effect that is potentiated when drug-induced hypotension and tachycardia are prevented with phenylephrine. To determine the effectiveness of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, during AMI in man, 12 patients (five or whom had left heart failure) were evaluated by summing ST-segment abnormalities (sigmaST) from 35 precordial electrodes. The seven patients without heart failure did not benefit consistently from nitroglycerin alone; however, addition of phenylephrine to abolish nitroglycerin-induced arterial pressure reduction uniformly diminished sigmaST (4.9 to 3.2 mv; P less than 0.05). In patients with heart failure, nitroglycerin alone consistently reduced ischemia (5.8 to 4.4 mv, P less than 0.05); addition of phenylephrine often partially reversed this effect. Thus, administration of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, can reduce myocardial ischemic injury during AMI in man; however, the response to phenylephrine depends on the presence or absence of left ventricular failure before treatment. PMID- 809713 TI - Editorial: "Dynamite pills" in the coronary care unit? PMID- 809714 TI - Letter: Experimental surrogates for man. PMID- 809715 TI - Letter: "D-lymphoproliferative disorder" with IGA k M component in serum. PMID- 809716 TI - Resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi to killing by macrophages. PMID- 809717 TI - 'Single-stranded' DNA from phiX174 and M13 is cleaved by certain restriction endonucleases. PMID- 809718 TI - Corrections in the catalogue of oliogonucleotides produced by digestion of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA with T1 RNase. PMID- 809719 TI - Similarities and differences in latitudinal adaptation of two Drosophila sibling species. PMID- 809720 TI - [Crossmatching using enzyme-treated erythrocytes]. PMID- 809721 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of TRH on TSH and prolactin secretion in normal and hypothyroid rats. AB - Intravenous injection of the synthetic tripeptide (PyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2:TRH) effected the prompt release of TSH and prolactin (PRL) from the pituitary of the goitrous rat. Plasma TSH and PRL levels increased 2-3-fold within 1 min after the injection of 0.4 and 2 mug TRH. Intravenous injection of 20 mug of L-thyroxine (T4) induced repletion of TSH to supranormal levels in the adenohypophysis of goitrous rats without a significant change in PRL stores. The acute administration of TRH (2 and 50 mug) to rats after pituitary TSH rebound resulted in a simultaneous increase in circulating levels of the pituitary hormones; this was correlated with the prompt and vigorous extrusion of secretory granules from the pituitary cells. PRL content of the pituitary increased. A relationship was found in rats between the amount of TRH ingested in drinking water and plasma levels of PRL and TSH; hormonal stores in the adenohypophysis usually declined. Ingestion of large amounts of TRH (1,700 mug daily for 8 and 14 days) by the euthyroid rat resulted in a 2-3-fold elevation of the plasma TSH level. In PTU (propylthiouracil)-treated rats ingesting approximately the same amount of TRH, a plasma TSH increase failed to occur. The oral ingestion of TRH for 22-27 days by goitrous, TSH-rebounded rats resulted in a significant dimunution in the circulating levels of TSH and PRL, and in ultrastructural manifestations suggestive of impaired release by the adenohypophysis. It is concluded that the acute administration of TRH causes the rapid release of TSH and PRL from the pituitary of the chronically hypothyroid rat. The intensity of the response to TRH is enhanced after pituitary TSH rebound, and synthesis of PRL appears to be augmented. Chronic oral administration of TRH to the goitrous rat results in a diminished release of the pituitary hormones, despite ample stores in the gland. PMID- 809722 TI - Effect of exposure to cold on hypothalamic TRH activity and plasma levels of TSH and prolactin in the rat. AB - No significant change in hypothalamic TRH content was found in rats during acute (5-240 min) exposure to cold (5 degrees C), in spite of rapid and sustained elevations in plasma TSH and thyroxine. Plasma PRL rose markedly in the first 15 min, but returned to normal thereafter. Chronic exposure to cold (32 days) was characterized by elevated plasma and pituitary levels of both TSH and PRL in the presence of an unaltered hypothalamic TRH content. If increased TRH release from the hypothalamus occurs during exposure to cold, as suggested by the pituitary thyroid stimulation, either it is compensated for by an equal rise in synthesis, or the extra amount released is negligible in comparison with the hypothalamic content of TRH. The acute PRL response to exposure to cold may be related to an acute TRH release but could also result from the accompanying stress response acting by a mechanism independent of TRH. PMID- 809723 TI - The opiate receptor. PMID- 809724 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base and lactate changes after seizures in unanesthetized man. I. Idiopathic seizures. AB - The natural course of acid-base changes in arterial blood and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients admitted after major motor seizures was correlated with simultaneously determined lactate levels. In 10 patients with idopathic seizures studied less than 3 hours after the seizure, arterial lactate and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were elevated in association with a mild arterial metabolic acidosis. The elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate persisted despite a return to normal of the arterial lactate in seven patients studied between 3 and 6 hours after the seizure. All values were normal in five patients studied more than 4 days after a major seizure. PMID- 809725 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and neuropathy. Deposition of M-component on myelin sheaths. AB - Chronic idiopathic polyneuropathy of a primary demyelinating type developed in a man who had had recurrent herpes simplex 2 for 10 years. A serum IgM kappa M component was demonstrated on the myelin of individual sural nerve fibers by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Marrow lymphocytosis and serum M-component increased with time. Attempts to confirm antibody activity of the M-component were negative. The evidence suggests that the attachment of M-component to nerve is a physical-chemical one. Interaction of M-component and nerve appears to have led to the neuropathy as an early manifestation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 809726 TI - Fixation of the canine brain by carotis perfusion. A fast and economical method for fixation of the pallium and rostral brain stem. PMID- 809727 TI - [Changes in plasma lipids in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 809728 TI - [Dyslipidemias in dermatology]. PMID- 809729 TI - Plasma triglyceride secretion in squirrel monkeys: effects of nicotine. AB - The acute effects of intravenous nicotine on the appearance of plasma triglycerides have been studied in anaesthetised squirrel monkeys given Triton-WR 1339. At both dose levels studied, 4 and 10 mug/kg/30 sec, nicotine caused a stimulation in the rate of accumulation of plasma glycerides, the larger dose producing the greater effect. Nicotine caused a transient elevation in plasma free fatty acids (FFA), also in proportion to the dose given. It is suggested the changes in plasma glycerides are due to enhanced hepatic secretion secondary to increased plasma FFA. The administration of Triton-WR 1339 caused a rapid and sustained fall in plasma cholesterol concentrations. This fall was similar to that observed in plasma Triton and evidence is presented to suggest that Triton and cholesterol are removed from the circulation by a similar mechanism. There was no effect of nicotine on plasma cholesterol. The implications of the effects of nicotine of plasma triglycerides in relation to coronary heart disease are discussed briefly. PMID- 809730 TI - [Postoperative parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 809731 TI - Quantitative comparison and evaluation of utilization of parenteral administered carbohydrates. PMID- 809732 TI - Evaluation of carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 809733 TI - [Turnover and utilization of glucose and glucose substitutes in human and animals]. PMID- 809734 TI - Factors influencing carbohydrate metabolism in man. PMID- 809736 TI - Quality assurance and cost effectiveness for prepaid care. PMID- 809735 TI - Attitudes of the public to medical care: part 6. Pharmaceutical benefits. AB - People's attitudes in Dunedin and Auckland were surveyed regarding prescribing. A significant proportion favoured a prescription charge. With a choice between a free doctor and free medicine, there was preference for the former. No great dissatisfaction with the present system of prescription medicine was found. PMID- 809737 TI - Some affinities and differences between the tree-shrews (Tupaia), insectivora and primates. PMID- 809738 TI - Bacterial arthritis in the adult. AB - A brief review of bacterial arthritis as seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1958 through 1973 has been presented with a selected literature review. Once considered a disease of children and adolescents, this disease now is seen more often in adults, especially in those who are elderly, are chronically ill, or are receiving medications that lower the host resistance in invading bacteria. The diagnosis must be made early, with rapid isolation and identification of the organism. Proper antibacterial drugs should be selected on the basis of in vitro susceptibility tests. The joint should be either aspirated or decompressed by closed suction-irrigation. In instances in which diagnosis is late and joint destruction occurs, joint debridement will be necessary. PMID- 809739 TI - Correlation between the morphology and infectivity of Theileria lawrencei developing in the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. AB - Adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, infected as nymphs by feeding them on an African buffalo harbouring Theileria lawrencei, were applied to the ears of rabbits. Equal numbers of the feeding ticks were removed daily from rabbits and either dissected and processed so that parasites in their salivary glands could be examined morphologically and classified, or ground in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, to harvest parasites from the ticks in the resultant supernatant fluid. The infectivity of the supernatant fluid was tested by inoculation of aliquots into groups of susceptible cattle. It was found that supernatant fluids produced from day 0 to day 2 fed ticks were uninfective to cattle but those produced from 3 to 9 days were infective. The most infective supernatant fluid was produced from 6 day fed ticks. The reactions resulting in cattle were correlated with the number and morphology of parasites in sections of salivary glands and it was found that mature parasites coincided with infectivity of the supernatant fluid to cattle. From the reactions in cattle inoculated with supernatant fluids from 5 and 6 day fed ticks it was concluded that this method of harvesting parasites was efficient. Examination of the salivary glands of a representative sample of a T. lawrencei infected tick batch is a potential means of screening material for T. lawrencei stabilates. PMID- 809740 TI - Animal models in developmental research. PMID- 809741 TI - The interrelationship of enterokinase and trypsin activities in intractable diarrhea of infancy, celiac disease, and intravenous alimentation. AB - Enterokinase initiates digestion of protein by conversion of trypsinogen into trypsin. The interactions between enterokinase and trysin were investigated in 6 patients with intractable diarrhea of infancy and 34 children with celiac disease. The six infants between 2 and 3 months with intractable diarrhea of infancy had reduced mucosal enterokinase activity (9.5 +/- 4.8muM per gram of protein per minute) and reduced intraluminal trypsin activity (2.9 +/- 0.7muM per gram of protein per minute) as compared with healthy controls (109 +/- 34.2muM per gram of protein per minute and 14.3 +/- 5.8muM per gram of protein per minute) respectively. The activities of all enzymes returned toward normal following treatment with intravenous alimentation. The mucosal morphology of all pretreatment biopsies in all cases showed Grade III atrophy which improved. These findings suggest that enterokinase deficiency and reduced intraluminal trypsin activity in intractable diarrhea of infancy may be one of the contributing factors to protein malabsorption and consequent malnutrition. Thirty-four children with celiac disease were between the age of 9 months and 13 years. The 11 newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease demonstrated Grade III to IV atrophy of the mucosa. The 23 patients with treated celiac disease on a gluten free diet showed a normal to Grade II atrophy. In both treated and untreated celiac disease the enterokinase activities and the intraluminal trypsin activity were within normal limits. The enterokinase activity in celiac disease is near normal in contrast to the marked reduction noted in intractable diarrhea of infancy even though the intestinal mucosa shows marked morphological alteration and the disaccharidase activities are greatly reduced in celiac disease. After a prolonged alimentary fast of up to 26 days on intravenous alimentation, two patients with intractable diarrhea of infancy showed improvement in the activities of enterokinase and trypsin. These findings demonstrate that enterokinase and trypsin activities in the gut were present and improved in the absence of oral feeding. PMID- 809742 TI - [Materno-fetal Rh-factor isoimmunization without hemolytic disease]. PMID- 809743 TI - [Benign epilepsy of children with rolandic paroxysmal electroencephalographic foci]. PMID- 809744 TI - [Proceedings: Recklinghausen's disease revealed by an isolated abdominal tumor]. PMID- 809745 TI - [Proceedings: Gastroduodenal ulcer in children. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 809746 TI - [Proceedings: Septicemia and menigitis in the newborn]. PMID- 809747 TI - [Proceedings: Goldenhar's syndrome, a single umbilical artery and developmental uropathy]. PMID- 809748 TI - Spectral sensitivity in a female Cebus Griseus. AB - The photopic spectral sensitivity of one female Cebus Griseus was determined to complement published results showing that this monkey did not demonstrate the red deficiency typical of most New World monkeys. A modified method of limits was used to determine S's perceived brightness of different monochromatic stimuli. The results suggest that this monkey might be a normal trichromat. PMID- 809750 TI - Maintenance of feedback regulation of filtration dynamics in the absence of divalent cations in the lumen of the distal tubule. AB - In the present experiments we have studied the hypothesis that the feedback responses of glomerular capillary pressure and glomerular filtration rate to elevated distal fluid delivery depend to some extent on the luminal concentration of calcium or magnesium [1]. Loops of Henle were therefore perfused with the following solutions which were designed to yield wide variations of distal divalent cation concentration: 1. Ringer, 2. 140mM NaCl, 3. 125mM NaCl + 10mM CaCl2, 4. 125 mM NaCl + 10 mM MgCl2, 5. 125 mM NaCl + 10 mM Na citrate, and 6. 125 mM NaCl + 10 mM EDTA. During orthograde perfusion with these solutions stop flow pressure (SEP) and early proximal flow rate (EPFR) were measured in each nephron at perfusion rates of 0, 15, 30, and 45 nl/min. We found that perfusion with solutions 2 to 6 did not significantly modify the flow induced change of SFP or EPFR observed during Ringer perfusion. To expose the macula densa cells to chemically well defined solutions loops of Henle were retrogradely perfused from the distal tubule and EPFR was measured in a given nephron with and without perfusion. Identical reductions of EPFR were induced by retrograde perfusions with 140 mM NaCl, 125 mM NaCl + 10 mM CaCl2, and 125 mM NaCl + 10 mM EDTA. Furthermore, an almost complete blunting of the feedback response was noted during retrograde perfusion with 25 mM NaCl. Addition of 5 mM CaCl2 failed to restore the feedback reaction. These results do not support the concept that luminal divalent cations participate in the initiation of tubulo-glomerular feedback responses. PMID- 809749 TI - The future of the state mental hospital. PMID- 809751 TI - [Radiation therapy of the carcinoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 809752 TI - [Renal transplantation in patients suffering from Fabry's disease. Kidney transplantation from an heterozygote subject to a subject without Fabry's disease]. AB - We report the case of a renal transplantation performed with the kidney of an asymptomatic female carrier of Fabry's disease. The recipient, her daughter, had normal alpha-galactosidase levels. Eight years after transplantation, the characteristic lesions of the glomerular epithelial cells, noted as early as 11 days after transplantation, are unchanged on the successive biopsies. This observation suggests that 1) some heterozygotes (perhaps all of them) have glomerular changes, 2) the glomerular changes are not modified if the kidney is placed in a normal enzymatic "environment". PMID- 809753 TI - [Letter: Fetal blood group and rhesus determination in utero]. PMID- 809754 TI - [Comparative action of carbamazepine and clofibrate in diabetes insipidus. Study of 7 cases]. AB - A study was performed on the effects of carbamazepine and of clofibrate in 7 cases of diabetes insipidus of high origin. In 4 cases the action of the two substances used in association was studied. Carbamazepine, in a dose of 0.60 g/day was effective in all cases with negativisation of free water clearance in 5 out of 7. Clofibrate, in a dose of 1.50 g/day was effective in 4 cases out of 7 with negativation of free water clearance in 2. Both medications act by provoking the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by the hypothalamic/posterior pituitary centres and are thus only active if a minimal secretion of ADH is still possible. There is no apparent potentialisation of the two substances, which both require a minimal possibility of ADH secretion to be active. There is no diminution in the ADH secretor effect, since both products remain active for as long as they are given, making it possible to observe in 3 out of 7 cases spontaneous cure of the diabetes insipidus, allowing suppression of the treatment. PMID- 809755 TI - [Peripheral conversion of T4 and T3 in man]. AB - Our investigations of the peripheral metabolism of T4 and T3 in man demonstrate clearly that T3 is secreted by the thyroid gland and is peripherally formed by conversion from T4. The calculation of the disposal rates indicate furthermore that 40% of the daily metabolised T4 is converted to T3. In this way more than 60% of the daily production of T3 results from peripheral conversion of T4. Our results support the hypothesis that the physiological action of the thyroid hormones is effected mainly by T3. PMID- 809756 TI - Drosophila chromatin: an immunological study. AB - Antibodies were prepared against chromatin, various chromosomal protein preparations and against cytoplasm from Drosophila larvae. These antibodies were used to study the distribution of antigens in chromatin and chromosomal protein preparations on double diffusion plates. Antisera from all of the mammals tested precipitated both chromatin and DNA on double diffusion plates run in water. This non-specific precipitation was removed by washing in 0.06M NaCL. PMID- 809757 TI - The sequence dependence of circular dichroism spectra of DNA duplexes. AB - The three satellite DNAs of Drosophila virilis, that approximate to poly d(CAAACTA)-poly d(TAGTTTG), poly d(TAAACTA)-poly d(TAGTTTA), poly d(CAAATTA)-poly d(TAATTTG), the satellite DNA of Drosophila melanogaster that approximates to poly d(AATAT)-poly d(ATATT), the synthetic DNA duplexes, poly dG-poly dC, poly d(AT)-poly d(AT), poly d(AAT)-poly d(ATT), poly d(AAC)-poly d(GTT), poly d(TAC) poly d(GTA) and the block copolymer d(C15A15)-d(T15G15) all have circular dichroism spectra consistent with the propositions that they have the same molecular geometry in solution and that it is the kind and frequency of nucleotide triplet sequences that determines their spectral characteristics. Poly dA-poly dT is apparently an exception. PMID- 809759 TI - Health issues and primary nursing in nephrology care. PMID- 809760 TI - The psychologic stress of chronic renal failure and long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 809758 TI - Repair of U.V. damages in Bacillus subtilis cultures competent for transformation: difference between competent and non-competent fractions. AB - The repair of U.V. damages to DNA in B. subtilis cultures competent for genetic transformation has been studied. The comparison of survival curves for competent and non competent fractions shows that: i) excision repair is more effective in competent than in non competent bacteria; ii) recombination repair is more effective in non competent than in competent bacteria. These facts support the hypothesis that metabolic conditions and, very likely, DNA replication play a role in the regulation of the efficiency of the two different mechanisms of repair. PMID- 809761 TI - [Slow virus infections]. PMID- 809762 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 809763 TI - Effects of PCBs, DDT, and mercury compounds upon egg production, hatchability and shell quality in chickens and Japanese quail. AB - Dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and related compounds, in well controlled experiments, produced no detrimental effects upon egg shell quality in Single Comb White Leghorm chickens or in Japanese quail. PCBs caused some decrease in egg production and a drastic reduction in hatchability in chickens, but not in Japanese quail. Inorganic mercury as HgSO4 or HgCl2, at dietary levels up to 200 p.p.m. of Hg, had only small effects, if any, upon egg production, hatchability, shell quality, morbidity and mortality. However, methyl mercury chloride at levels which provided 10 or 20 mg. of Hg per kg. of diet caused severe effects upon egg weight, egg production, fertility, hatchability, egg shell strength, morbidity and mortality. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the decrease in egg shell quality which has occurred in eggs of White Leghorn hens over the past three decades is not due to contamination of commercial feeds with DDT or its derivatives, or with PCBs. The extent to which environmental contamination with methyl mercury is responsible for decreased egg shell strength in commercial laying hens, and possible synergistic relationships between methyl mercury, DDT, DDE and PCBs in reducing egg production, hatchability and shell strength, remain to be determined. PMID- 809764 TI - Avian riboflavinuria. 10. Quantitative changes of riboflavin-binding protein in individual egg tissues during incubation. AB - The riboflavin binding protein (RBP) content of individual egg components were followed through the development of fertilized eggs. Total proteins of the tissues were analyzed. The disappearance of RBP from the yolk and albumen occurred at the same rate as the total proteins. There was no evidence of any increase of free riboflavin nor degraded RBP in the yolk and albumen. Hence, it appears that the riboflavin was taken in by the embryo as the riboflavin-protein complex. The individual embryos showed some RBP accumulation through the first fourteen days of development. This may be an indication that the embryo is taking in the riboflavin-protein complex faster than riboflavin is utilized during the early stages of incubation. However, the beginning of a more rapid rate of growth at 13-14 days, was associated with the start of a gradual decline in the level of RBP in the embryo. This may suggest that the need for riboflavin exceeds the rate of transfer from the yolk and albumen reservoirs. RBP-riboflavin complex appears to be degraded after transfer to the embryo. PMID- 809765 TI - [Letter: Orthostatic hypotension by g. probst (author's transl)]. PMID- 809766 TI - 3'-Terminal nucletide sequence (n equals 361) of bacteriophage MS2 RNA. AB - 32P-Labeled MS2 RNA was partially digested with ribonuclease T1 (guanyloribonuclease; ribonucleate 3'-guanylo-oligonucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.8) or with epilson-carboxymethyl-lysine-41 pancreatic ribonuclease A (ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.22). A series of overlapping fragments was obtained which allowed the reconstruction of a 361 nucleotide-long 3'-terminal sequence. A unique reading frame could be deduced, which indicated that the replicase gene ends with a U-A-G termination signal and is followed by a 174-nucleotide-long untranslated segment. PMID- 809767 TI - Metabolic pathways of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in hepatic microsomes. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography has enabled quantitative analysis of the in vitro metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7-methyl-12 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene, and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene by 3-methylcholanthrene-induced and control rat liver microsomes. The following previously unrecognized metabolites have been tentatively identified: 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-hydroxy-7,12 dihydrodihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, 4-hydroxy-7,12 dihydrodihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, and 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-7,12 dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene. The epoxide hydratase inhibitor 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3 trichloropropane was found to eliminate all dihydrodiol formation and markedly inhibit the formation of several dimethylbenzanthracene metabolites. It is proposed that the tentatively identified 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxy derivatives are formed by an enzymatic mechanism that does not involve epoxides as intermediates. The metabolic pathways of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in hepatic microsomal enzymes are proposed. PMID- 809768 TI - Absence of histone F1 in a mitotically dividing, genetically inactive nucleus. AB - Histones were extracted from macro- and micronuclear chromatin of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. Conditions that resulted in macronuclear chromatin containing large amounts of histone F1 yielded micronuclear chromatin in which this histone was absent. Evidence is presented indicating that the absence of F1 from micronuclei is not a preparative artifact and that histone F1 is replaced by other histone fractions. Since micronuclei divide mitotically, while macronuclei divide amitotically, these results suggest that histone F1 and its phosphorylation do not play an indispensable role in the process of mitotic chromosome condensation, in chromosome replication, or in the separation of newly synthesized chromatids. PMID- 809769 TI - On the question of the integration of exogenous bacterial DNA into plant DNA. AB - Extensive studies with pea, tomato, and barley failed to confirm the evidence presented by previous investigators for integration or replication of exogenously applied bacterial DNA in these plants. Labeled DNA of buoyant density in CsCl intermediate between that of high density donor bacterial DNA and of plant DNA was never observed with axenic plants. Intermediate peaks, similar to those used as evidence for recombination by earlier investigators, were observed only when the plants were contaminated with bacteria. Plant DNA prepared by a published procedure [Ledoux, L. & Huart, R. (1969) J. Mol. Biol. 43, 243-262] was found to be contaminated with unidentified impurities. Such DNA was partially protected from the action of DNase and produced aberrant banding patterns in CsCl after shearing. Much of the published evidence for integration of foreign DNA in plants is based upon experiments with plant DNA prepared by this procedure. We conclude that contamination is the likely explanation for what has been interpreted as evidence for integration. PMID- 809770 TI - Evolutionary and structural influences on light chain constant (CL) region of human and mouse immunoglobulins. AB - A comparison of five constant region sequences of human and mouse k and lambda immunoglobulin chains has been undertaken in order to reveal sequence homologies and evolutionary relationships. Simultaneously, a comparison with the three dimensional structure of one mouse k-chain (McPC 603) has suggested structural reasons why many of the residues are invariant or conserved along k versus lambda lines. There are a number of residues that have remained invariant despite exposed positions for reasons that do not apppear to be connected with the folding of the CL domain. PMID- 809771 TI - President's address. Expedience and experience with reference to carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 809772 TI - Histological changes in cervical lymph nodes following clinical irradiation. AB - Clinical radiation in man is shown to have similar effects to single dose irradiation in animals. While it is not possible by examining individual nodes to estimate the dose of radiation they have received, progressive changes with increasing doses can be seen leading to loss of lymphoid tissue and replacement by fibrous tissue. Functional changes probably occur, leading to loss of the filtering power of the nodes and their by-pass by anatomotic lymph channels. The purpose of this paper is in no way an appeal to discard radiation as a form of treatment for cancer. The destructive effects of radiation have been known form some time, but the significance of the regional nodes in the immune response to tumour has only recently been considered. A reappraisal is required of the way radiation therapy is given, so that as much as possbile of the immune mechanism may be left undamaged. PMID- 809773 TI - An assessment of treatment methods for carcinoma of the larynx presenting with cervical lymph nodes. PMID- 809774 TI - Radiosensitivity of lymph node metastases. PMID- 809775 TI - Fat as a calorie source in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 809777 TI - Experimental studies on mice challenged subcutaneously with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - By use of the subcutaneous route, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were established in normal mice undebilitated by burn wounds or leukopenic agents. Using a 21-day holding period, an LD50 value of 4.6 times 10(8) colony forming units was obtained. After subcutaneous infection, the dermis was completely necrosed with the lesions reaching deep into the subcutaneous tissue and musculature within 3-4 days. Ecthyma gangrenosum-like skin lesions at the site of infection appeared during this time period. By 7-15 days all mice exhibited a systemic infection. Both the livers and lungs showed a great deal of hemorrhage and frequently contained large necrotic foci, while the kidneys showed petechial hemorrhage and occasional renal abscesses. The susceptibility to infection was markedly increased by use of various antineoplastic agents and suprarenal hormones. However, the type of tissue damage or severity was not significantly altered as compared to infected mice which had not received any of the chemical agents. PMID- 809776 TI - Postnatal stimulation: the effects on cholinergic enzyme activity in undernourished rats. AB - Rats were malnourished during the first 3 wk of life by feeding their lactating dams a low protein diet. Half of both control-fed and malnourished groups were "handled" daily during the suckling period. After 4 wk of postweaning dietary rehabilitation and individual caging they were killed and brain minus cerebellum taken for choline-acetyltransferase (ChAc) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) determination on neuronal-rice or glial-rich cell fractions. Early postnatal malnutrition resulted in a decrease in ChAc activity in the neuronal-rich cell fraction of the non-handled rats, but no change in ChAc activity of this cell fraction was observed from rats that had been handled. This finding parallels the prior observation that malnutrition induces behavioral changes that continue after nutritional rehabilitation, but these behavioral abnormalities are minimized or abolished by handling. PMID- 809778 TI - Effect of parenteral acetazolamide on intestinal absorption of salt and water in man. AB - Acetazolamide was administered intravenously during jejunal perfusion of isotonic saline in six subjects. Bicarbonate was present in very low concentration intraluminally and there was net bicarbonate secretion during control and acetazolamide perfusions. Acetazolamide significantly inhibited sodium chloride, and water absorption. As this occurred in the absence of an effect on net bicarbonate secretion, it may have been due to an action other than carbonic anhydrase inhibition. PMID- 809779 TI - Modified EAE as an assay for immunosuppressant drugs. PMID- 809780 TI - Electroencephalographic effects of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in the baboon, Papio papio. PMID- 809781 TI - Chlorpromazine metabolism and excretion. PMID- 809782 TI - New approaches to assay of cannabinoids in biological extracts. PMID- 809783 TI - Gastric self-administration in monkeys: neurophysiological correlates and recent developments. PMID- 809784 TI - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 809785 TI - Chelatometric determination of ampicillin in some pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 809786 TI - Some health policy issues: one economist's view. PMID- 809787 TI - Allocation of resources for ambulatory care -a staffing model for outpatient clinics. AB - The enormous commitment of resources to ambulatory health care services requires that flexible and easily implementable management techniques be developed to improve the allocation of health manpower and funds. This article develops a feasible model for staffing outpatient clinics and thereby potentially provides an important analytical tool for allocating and monitoring the utilization of the most critical and expensive of ambulatory care resources-professional and nonprofessional clinic personnel. The model is simplistic, extremely flexible, and can be applied to many modes of delivering ambulatory care-from HMOs to traditional hospital outpatient clinics. To employ the model, certain decision variables must be specified so that the model can produce a least-cost staffing configuration to meet the demand for service in accordance with the desired mode and intensity of care. The key decision varables that require input from administrators and medical personnel include standards for physician-patient contact time, a desired ratio of staff time actually spent treating patients to total paid staff time, and the desired mix of various staff categories to achieve program objectives. Specific benefits of using the model include determining staffing for new, expanded, or existing outpatient clinics, determining budget requirements for such staffing needs, and providing quantitative productivity and utilization objectives and measurements. PMID- 809788 TI - A study of the quality of prescriptions issued in a busy pediatric emergency room. AB - An analysis of 2,213 prescriptions written by physicians in a busy, urban pediatric emergency room revealed that only 110 or 5 percent had no errors or omissions of specifications. The quality of the prescriptions was evaluated according to the standards of acceptable prescribing for the following specifications: quantity, dosage, time interval between doses or specific hours to be given, and specific instructions. The hospital pharmacists, also under pressure, generally failed to monitor the prescriptions adequately--either they did not rectify the physicians' errors or at times they made incorrect changes. To improve the quality of prescriptions issued under pressure in an emergency room, several courses of action are recommended: Pharmacology departments of medical schools should place more emphasis on teaching students the art of writing explicit, comprehensible prescriptions. The physician and pharmacist should work as a team in the interest of providing patients with accurate and detailed prescriptions; or both the physician and the pharmacist should delegate the composition of prescriptions to an automated computer system, thereby reducing human error in writing and monitoring prescriptions and allowing both professionals more time for direct contact with patients. PMID- 809789 TI - Manpower information systems for Minnesota dentistry. PMID- 809790 TI - Experience with an adolescent health care program. PMID- 809791 TI - Relationship with putative father and use of contraception in a population of black ghetto adolescent mothers. PMID- 809792 TI - Under the influence. PMID- 809793 TI - A field trial of the Clinicult system for detection of asymptomatic gonorrhea in women. AB - Clinicult, a selective medium for culturing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was field tested in a gonorrhea screening program in Seattle, Wash., in 1973. The results with this medium and with the Transgrow and Thayer-Martin culture systems were compared as to sensitivity and specificity. A total of 5,141 women from three patient groups were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 720 female patients of the venereal disease clinic of the Seattle-King County Health Department, who served as the control group. When this group was screened with the Clinicult and Thayer-Martin culture media, the Thayer-Martin medium proved superior in identifying positive carriers. Group 2 was composed of approximately 2,000 patients from five different facilities, including family planning clinics and hospital out patient services. No statistical difference in accuracy was found between the two culture systems used for this group-Clinicult and Transgrow. Group 3 was comprised of approximately 2,500 female patients who were screened with the Clinicult and Transgrow cultures by their own private physician or his staff. The Clinicult system proved significantly less effective than the Transgrow cultures in identifying infected females in group 3. The physicians varied greatly in their ability to use the Clinicult system successfully. Possible reasons for their errors may have been (a) lack of motivation and of care by their office personnel in conducting the necessary additional procedures required with Clinicult, (b) the inhibitory nature of the medium, and (c) the failure of the medium to produce colonies of adequate size. The staffs of communitywide screening programs for gonorrhea need to be highly selective in choosing the medical facilities in which to use the Clinicult culture system. When laboratory facilities are available for the full utilization of the Thayer Martin medium, this system is preferable. When, however, standard culture procedures are not readily available, Clinicult, properly used, can reduce the central laboratory load by eliminating the need for processing negative cultures. PMID- 809794 TI - Epidemiology of antirabies treatment in Georgia, 1967-71. PMID- 809795 TI - Characteristics of Connecticut patients receiving services for end-stage uremia. AB - Data are presented on the characteristics of all patients with end-stage uremia who were treated in Connecticut hemodialysis programs over a 7-year period. Of the total of 353 patients, 103 patients died, 37 had successful transplants and discontinued dialysis, no information was available for one patient, and the remaining 212 patients continued to receive treatment in 1 of the 12 hemodialysis programs. The mean age of active chronic hemodialysis patients was 43.6 years; about 83 percent of all active patients were under age 55. Twenty-two percent were nonwhite; the nonwhite caseload appeared high in relation to the percent of nonwhite population. Of the 212 active patients, 78 percent were dialyzed at in center programs and 22 percent at home; one patient obtained dialysis from a new limited-care program. The largest group (28 percent) of active patients had been in dialysis less than 7 months, about one-fourth had been dialyzing for 7-12 months, and about 13 percent of the total active population had been in dialysis between 19 and 24 months. The average period for active patients to be in dialysis was 17 months. The advent of Federal reimbursement for hemodialysis, as well as changes in the criteria for the selection of patients and increased physician awareness, can result in significant increases in the future population of patients receiving dialysis. To prevent overburdening of existing in center programs, expansion of training facilities statewide for home care dialysis is suggested. PMID- 809797 TI - OEO drug treatment programs. PMID- 809796 TI - An approach to consumer-patient activation in health maintenance. A report of the Maryland 1-year health education demonstration project. PMID- 809798 TI - Planning for emergency medical services in Boston. AB - The results of a survey of 10,200 visits to 11 Boston hospital emergency rooms during a 9-day period in March 1972 are presented. The survey was designed to provide data on emergency room use to permit more informed planning by public agencies concerned with improving areawide emergency medical services. The 11 institutions surveyed provided virtually all of the emergency medical services in the city of Boston. A majority are teaching hospitals affiliated with one or more of the three medical schools in the area. Of the 11 hospitals, 3 accounted for 60% of all emergency room visits. Survey data were extracted from emergency room log sheets and hospital medical records of individual patients. Information collected included the residence pattern of patients within the geographic area, the patient mix by degree of urgency based on presenting complaints, mode of transportation to the hospital, and age and sex of the patients. Only 15 percent of the 10,200 visits were true emergencies. Fifty-seven percent were classified as urgant and 28% nonurgent. The mix among the 11 hospitals ranged from 7 to 22 percent in the emergency category, and 11 to 61 percent in the nonurgent classification. Trauma accounted for 19 percent of all admissions, with 3 percent attributed to fractures and 4 percent to head injuries. Fifty-six percent of the emergency cases required the services of an internist or pediatrician, 38 percent a surgeon, and 1 percent an obstetrician. The highest utilization rate--27 per 1,000 population--was recorded for the under 5 age group. Although the 65 and older age group had the lowest utilization rate of 6 per 1,000, this group had the highest rate of visits classified as emergencies. Children under 5 accounted for the highest proportion of nonurgent visits. The survey revealed that 30 percent of all hospital admissions were from the emergency room. One in four emergency patients lived outside the city of Boston. A neighborhood health center and a hospital general practice unit reduced hospital emergency room workloads appreciably, even when they were open only during daytime hours. Eighty-eight percent of all patients arranged for their own transportation, usually by private automobile. Of those arriving by ambulance, only 35 percent were classified as emergencies. The survey data reinforce the conclusion that major planning efforts should be concentrated on the management of the nonemergency patient. The data also emphasize the need for a single agency to be responsible for overall planning for emergency medical services on an area wide basis. PMID- 809800 TI - The comparative evolutionary biology of the sibling species, Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. AB - 1. D. melanogaster and D. simulans are sibling species; they are morphologically almost identical and genetically very similar. Whereas their sexual behavior patterns are qualitatively similar, hybrids are rarely produced and when they are, they are sterile. 2. Although not all data are in agreement, D. melanogaster generally exhibits more chromosomal, enzyme, and protein polymorphism than does D. simulans. Utilizing this relationship, as well as arguments presented in the literature, one can argue for an association between genetic variability and level of ecological heterogeneity. This association is found for two major environmental variables, temperature and light dependence. 3. On a seasonal basis, D. melanogaster achieves large population numbers early in the summer, as D. simulans does in the autumn... PMID- 809801 TI - Determining liver retention of transuranium elements in living beagles. AB - A method has been developed whereby the liver content of photon-emitting transuranium elements can be determined in living beagles by a combination of total-body and partial-body counting. Calibration of the system was accomplished through the photon counting of intact dogs and also of the parts of the same animals following autopsy. A determination of the calibration factors for 252Cf, 247Cf, 243Cm, 237Pu, and 241Am has been made. The special case of 252Cf was treated in which a significant fraction of the high energy fission gamma-ray spectrum penetrates the Pb shield employed in partial-body counting, and methods were developed which allow for this effect in the calculation of liver content. Some uniformity of response in the system was evident for all of the emitters which were considered. It is proposed that similar techniques could be applied in the determination of selected organ radioactivity in other species including man. PMID- 809802 TI - Current trends in radiotherapy. PMID- 809799 TI - Public Health Reports, September 1954: Indian Health Services transferred to PHS. PMID- 809803 TI - [The concept of target volume of radiotherapy (authors transl)]. AB - It is emphasized to apply the prescribed target dosis not for a single point but in every case for a determined size and volume of the target. This is the target volume, wherein the ordered radiation dose should be applied. The absorbed dose within the target volune should as a rule be given as homogeneously as possible with a standard deviation not greater than +/- 10%. Application of target volume concept is discussed with regard to some special examples (nasopharynx, kidney, gynecological tumours). The target volume is a good basis for optimization of radiotherapy and development of criteria. This is also true for combination of radiotherapeutic methods in gynecological carcinomas. It is mandatory to make full use of the determination of the target volume concept for every single patient, if radiotherapy planning with or without computer has to be performed. PMID- 809804 TI - [Principals of hormone substitution in thyrectomized patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland (author's transl)]. AB - The substitution of thyrectomized patients with carcinoma of the thyroid with L thyroxin has advantages compared to a substitution with triiodothyronine, 200 mug T4/d are sufficient to obtain a negative TRH test in most patients. For security it is suggested to performe a general substitution of these patients with 300 mug T4/d. This dose is very well tolerated. To high doses of substitution cause a "damage" of the thyreotrop in a part of the patients. This is demonstrated by a transient thyreotropic insufficiency after withdrawal of the substitution. The results demonstrated here suggest that the central suppression of TSH secretion is better correlated with plasma T4 than plasma T3 levels. PMID- 809805 TI - Radionuclide uptake studies of bone: a quantitative method of evaluating the response of patients with Paget's disease to diphosphonate therapy. AB - In order to evaluate and quantitate the therapeutic efficacy of disodium etridonate (EHDP) in the treatment of Paget's disease, a prospective double-blind study was instituted. Subjects received either placebo, low-dose EHDP, or high dose EHDP and were evaluated prior to therapy and 6 months later. Bone scans were performed with 99mTc or 18F and radioisotopic uptake studies were conducted. The results were correlated with clinical improvement, biochemical parameters, and radiographic skeletal surveys, and indicate that the radioisotopic uptake studies are both a sensitive and reproducible means of evaluating the degree of response to EHDP. PMID- 809806 TI - Shielding technique for small ports in the superficial and orthovoltage range. AB - A simple reproducible technique for construction of shields for treatment with orthovoltage and superficial equipment is described. This technique also provides immobilization of treatment areas when treatment cones are utilized. PMID- 809807 TI - Priorities in the management of the patient with polytrauma. PMID- 809808 TI - Aspects of structure and photosynthetic competence of Euglena plastids under conditions of greening and degreening. PMID- 809809 TI - [Monstrous growth in Pseudomicrothorax dubius (Ciliatea, Holotrichia, Trichostomatida) in consequence of effect of plastic on the feed alga (Oscillatoria formosa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 809811 TI - [Gamasoidosis (gamasidiosis)--not uncommon skin reactions frequently undiagnosed]. PMID- 809810 TI - Selective inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by gold salts and phenylbutazone. AB - Gold salts and phenylbutazone selectively inhibit the synthesis of PGF2alpha and PGE2 respectively. Lowered production of one prostaglandin species is accompanied by an increased production of the other. Selective inhibition by these drugs was observed in the presence of adrenaline, reduced glutathione and copper sulphate under conditions when most anti-inflammatory compounds inhibited PGE2 and PGF2alpha syntheses equally. It is postulated that selective inhibitors may have a different mode of action in vivo and beneficial effects may be related to the endogenous ratio of PGE to PGF required for normal function. PMID- 809812 TI - [Treatment of carriers of typhoid and paratyphoid B bacilli]. PMID- 809814 TI - [Comparative values of live or killed BCG and trypsinized Koch's bacillus in the immunization of zebu against tuberculosis]. PMID- 809813 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital infection in a pediatric unit. Typing by pyocine production]. PMID- 809815 TI - Studies on glycogen metabolism in the human platelet. I. Characteristics and regulation of the glycogen synthetase. PMID- 809816 TI - Studies on glycogen metabolism in the human platelet. II Metabolite levels and enzymes of the glycogen cycle. PMID- 809817 TI - [Comparative studies on 15 genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster Mg.: electrophoretic forms of some dehydrogenases (author's transl)]. PMID- 809818 TI - [The mechanism of the reaction catalysed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase. i. kinetics and dissociation constants (author's transl)]. PMID- 809819 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase and carrageenan-induced edema by tricyclic analogs of flufenamic acid. AB - A group of tricyclic analogs of flufenamic acid were tested for their ability to inhibit both the biosynthesis of prostaglandin and carrageenan-induced inflammation of the rat paw. All had activity greater than phenylbutazone as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, with SK&F 22908 being as active as flufenamic acid. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds correlated only to a minor degree with the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. The data support the position that within this series of compounds inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase and non-steroidal antiinflammatory activity, as well as ulcerogenic liability, may be an expression of different mechanisms. PMID- 809821 TI - [Pituitary and thyroid reserve test in the early diagnosis of hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 809820 TI - Hybrid cells, infected with Theileria parva, formed by fusion of hamster and mouse cells with parasitised bovine lymphoid cells. AB - Bovine lymphoid cells from a culture line parasitised with Theileria parva were fused to mouse heart (MH) and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, grown as monolayers, using inactivated Sendai virus. The resultant heterokaryons contained macroschizonts of T parva. Macroschizonts also occurred in cells that apparently contained only BHK or MH nuclei. Parasites underwent varying degrees of development; in some cases microschizonts resulted, and in other cases massive atypical parasite masses were formed. Fusion occurred more readily between hamster and bovine cells than between mouse and bovine cells. PMID- 809822 TI - [A method for preparing Cr-51EDTA for intravenous use, starting from NaCr-51O4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 809823 TI - [Stimulation test with synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 809824 TI - [Listeria meningoencephalitis (3 cases)]. PMID- 809825 TI - [Mammary fibroadenoma with osseous metaplasia]. PMID- 809826 TI - [Urinary infections and radiology]. PMID- 809827 TI - [Elective memory deficiencies and restricted cortical lesions]. AB - 60 subjects with restricted cortical lesions, 7 with diffuse cortical disease, 7 with bilateral lesions of the hippocampo-mamillo-thalamic circuit and 36 normal subjects underwent immediate reproduction tests and training tests in the following three categories: audio-verbal, visuo-spatial, gestural. Subjects with lesions of the H.M.T. circuit had normal results in the three immediate reproduction tests and failed in the three training tests. Subjects with diffuse cortical lesions showed pathological results in all the tests. Subjects with restricted cortical lesions showed selective deficiencies in certain tests; there was no systematic connection between failure in the immediate reproduction test and failure in the corresponding training test. The results were analysed having regard to the location of the lesion but also to the symptoms. PMID- 809828 TI - [Monitoring plasma levels of some antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine) in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and in other forms of epilepsy (partial and secondary generalized) in childhood]. PMID- 809829 TI - [Neuropsychiatry in 1975]. PMID- 809830 TI - [Economic frontiers of health: pluridisciplinary crisis of conscience]. PMID- 809831 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of spondylitis. II. Vertebral puncture biopsy and surgical approach]. AB - The authors tried to determine the ways in which vertebral puncture biopsy and the direct surgical approach can helpin the etiological diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, when the clinical radiological, and laboratory examination leave the clinician in doubt. Out of 28 vertebral puncture biopsies, proof of tuberculosis was obtained in 4 cases, and proof of a non-tuberculous cause was obtained in 1 case as a result of isolating the responsible organism. Thirty eight cases were submitted to the direct surgical approach. When the indication for surgery was solely in order to investigate the etiology, proof of tuberculosis was obtained in half of the cases, and only exceptionally was a non tuberculous organism discovered. In almost half the cases, the histological characteristics were non-specific and no organisms were detected. Most of these latter cases were, in fact, non-tuberculous spondylodiscitis, although subsequently some of them exhibited evidence of a tuberculous character. In the present state of knowledge, it seems that, in cases of clearly non-tuberculous spondylodiscitis, the direct surgical approach is not justified if the objective is solely to isolate the organism, so that its sensitivity to antibiotics can be tested. The following reasons are given for this conclusion : the direct surgical approach only rarely leads to isolation of the causal organism; although treatment based on knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity may help to restrict evolution of the disease, it does not reduce significantly, or only rarely, the permanent partial incapacity. If the results published by Seignon and Gougeon are confirmed, early needle puncture of the diskovertebral centre of the disease should be practised more widely. PMID- 809832 TI - [Results of immunosuppressive therapy in 78 patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis, treated for at least 4 years]. AB - The authors report clinical, laboratory, and radiological results obtained by immunodepresant treatment of 78 patients suffering from rheumatoid polyarthritis, over a period of more than 4 years. In 27 of the patients the treatment had been followed for 4 to 8 years. Clinically the results were excellent in 36 cases, reasonably good in 23 cases; in 19 cases therapy was unsuccessful or had to to be stopped. There was a reduction in the sedimentation rate in cases with good results and in half the cases there was a reduction in the titre of the Waaler Rose reaction. Studies on the evolution of radiological signs in 34 patients showed definite deterioration in only 2 cases out of 19 subjects having very good clinical results and definite deterioration in 7 of 15 subjects with less good clinical results or failure. Thus the immunodepressant treatment appeared capable of stopping or slowing down the osteoarticular destruction. The cessation of treatment in 28 patients was followed by a relapse in 14 patients (7 within 6 months, and 7 within 6 months to 2 years). In 14 patients there was no relapse and in 8 of these the improvement has lasted for more than 3 years. With the doses used, there were few short-term complications of treatment. Haematological tolerance appeared to vary according to the patient ; for prolonged treatment the dose should be adapted to the individual. PMID- 809833 TI - [Osseous desmoid fibroma of the mandible. An unusual case in a 15-month-old infant]. AB - The authors present a rare case, unique in the literature, of an osseous desmoid fibroma in which the histological diagnosis was made at the age of fifteen months. The signs were of a slight swelling with complete trismus of the mandible. After excision of the tumour, with a resultant defect in the superior ramus of the mandible, the trismus disappeared spontaneously after two weeks. PMID- 809834 TI - Immunochemical studies on free and bound J chain of human IgA and IgM. AB - J chains purified from colostral IgA, polymeric (mainly dimeric) polyclonal IgA from serum, and monoclonal IgM appeared to be immunochemically identical in tests with antisera produced against the two latter antigens. None of the antisera precipitated with the native immunoglobulins, but J-chain antibodies became bound to all three types of Ig polymer. On a molar basis polymeric IgA was almost twice as efficient as IgM and 17 times more efficient than colostral IgA in antibody inhibition tests. The J-chain antibodies were able to link two or more IgA dimers and two or more IgM pentamers. After incubation in large antibody excess, the sedimentation properties of most IgM molecules were altered, whereas about 40% of the IgA dimers were unaffected by the treatment. THus, although the J chain on the whole was slightly more exposed in polymeric IgA than in IgM, it was more homogeneously available in the latter polymer. After denaturation in acid urea, the J chain became markedly more exposed in all three types of Ig polymer, and they were all precipitated by the most potent antiserum. Immunochemical quantitation of J chain released after reduction with 20mM dithiothreitol indicated that on the average there are about 2 mol of J chain per mol of polymeric IgA, and 3 to 4 mol per mol of IgM. PMID- 809835 TI - Co-trimoxazole compared to chloramphenicol in the treatment of enteric fever. AB - Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination) was effective in the control of the acute infection in 60 patients with proven enteric fever. The mean interval between initiating treatment and defervescence was similar to that observed with a comparable group of 38 patients treated with chloramphenicol. Both co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol were well tolerated and no serious adverse reactions, attributed to either drug, were noted. Two patients treated with chloramphenicol relapsed. No relapses were noted in the co-trimoxazole treated group. Although the evidence available at present in inadequate for drawing final conclusions regarding the relative efficacy of these two therapeutic agents in enteric fever, co-trimoxazole should be considered as an alternative drug, particularly when encountering salmonella strains resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin. PMID- 809836 TI - Influence of diarrhea on the oral absorption of penicillin V and ampicillin in children. AB - Oral ampicillin and penicillin V was given to 23 and 42 children, respectively, with upper respiratory infections. The absorption of the drugs was followed on one of the first days of treatment for 3 hours after administration by taking capillary samples and determining the serum levels. Approximately 60% of the children were tested for oral absorption during convalescence, 6-8 days after the initiation of the treatment. Diarrhea was evident in more than 60% of the children during treatment with both ampicillin and penicillin V. Diarrhea of short duration did not have influence on the absorption of the antibiotics. Only when persistent diarrhea over the whole therapy period existed, absorption of penicillin V was decreased. PMID- 809837 TI - Effect of consecutive antibacterial therapy on bacteriuria in hospitalized geriatric patients. AB - The effects of treatment with a consecutive series of different antibacterial drugs, most of them commonly used in urinary tract infections, were studied in 36 hospitalized geriatric patients with bacteriuria. Most of the patients had advanced handicaps and all had urinary incontinence. Urinary acidifying drugs, penicillin V, sulfonamide, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were used as antibacterial agents. The general conclusion was that even the administration of a series of potent antibacterial drugs only rather seldom eliminates bacteriuria in such patients, and that the original bacteria in most cases are replaced by strains highly resistant to antibacterial drugs. The treatment had obvious influence on the clinical state only in one patient. PMID- 809838 TI - Susceptibility of newborn and adult guinea pigs to Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. kansasii. AB - Six groups of guinea pigs, each consisting of 30 3-month-old and 20 7-day-old animals, received intraperitoneal inoculations with one of four strains of Mycobacterium intracellulare or one of two strains of M. kansasii. Three similar control groups received either an intraperitoneal injection of M. tuberculosis, no injection, or a sterile injection. Guinea pigs were sacrificed at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 90 days. Lungs, spleen, liver and peritoneal fluid were cultured. Lungs were also examined histologically for inflammatory response. All the guinea pigs sacrificed within 20 days after inoculation showed positive cultures at nearly all sites. Thirty days after inoculation significantly more of the young guinea pigs had positive cultures, and the distribution of mycobacteria in their tissues was wider than was observed with the adult animals. At 90 days, the bacteriological results were similar for both groups. This histological findings were generally similar for both age groups, although acute reactions persisted longer in the young animals. All guinea pigs injected with M. tuberculosis died spontaneously within 90 days after inoculation and showed positive cultures at all sites. The results of the present study indicate that young guinea pigs are more susceptible to M. intracellulare and M. kansasii than are adult animals and should be preferred to old animals for diagnostic inoculations. PMID- 809840 TI - Vasopressin: induced structural change in toad bladder luminal membrane. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy demonstrates that vasopressin stimulation of isolated toad bladder alters the structure of the luminal membrane of granular cells. This alteration consists of an ordered aggression of intramembranous particles, and appears to be of functional significance, since the frequency of aggregation sites per area of membrane is closely correlated with vasopressin induced osmotic water flow. PMID- 809839 TI - [Thrombocytopenia in Waldenstrom's disease with specific antithrombocytic properties of the IgM paraprotein]. AB - The serum of a patient suffering from thrombocytopenia associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was found to contain an IgM paraprotein with unusual characteristics. Following isolation of this IgM paraprotein, dilutions up to 0.01 mg/ml caused immunofluorescence of thrombocytes from man, sheep, rabbit, and horse. In control studies with isolated IgM paraprotein from another non-thrombocytopenic patient with Waldenstrom's disease, positive immunofluorescence could be elicited only when a 1000-fold greater concentration of the paraprotein was used. The IgM paraprotein from our thrombocytopenic patient and that from the control patient showed comparable differences in immunofluorescence of thrombocytes and megacaryocytes when bone marrow smears were used for incubation. Further studies following papain cleavage of the IgM paraprotein with antithrombocytic activity showed that the combining activity was located in the Fab fragment. This observation characterizes the IgM paraprotein from our patient as an antibody directed to a substance in human and animal thrombocytes. Paraproteins with antibody-like activity for thrombocytes have not been identified previously; the present observation suggests that this mechanism should be considered a possible cause of thrombocytopenia associated with macroglobulinemia. PMID- 809841 TI - Receptive field development and individual experience. PMID- 809842 TI - Fossils and the mosaic nature of human evolution. AB - These new fossils, dates, analyses, and interpretations lead to confirmation and refinement of the mosaic scheme of human evolution as proposed by early evolutionists such as Lamarck, Haeckel, and Darwin. Evolutionary changes in the body adapting our ancestors to bipedalism occurred before 3 million years ago, judging by the completeness of the adaptation in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene hominids. The skeletons of these early hominids were not identical to those of modern humans, but locomotor behavior was probably human. At about 3 million years ago their brains were relatively small, although internal reorganization may have been taking place. By 2 million years ago a wider range of variation in brain size appears in the fossil record, with an average size somewhat larger than that in earlier hominids. Concomitant with this beginning of brain size increase was the reshaping of the pelvic region, perhaps related to an increase in birth canal size to accommodate larger-brained fetuses. Evidence for tool manufacturing, meat eating, shelter building, and probably food sharing also occurs at about this time, which signals the coming of a new adaptive strategy. PMID- 809843 TI - The surgical treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: endoscopic vs external operation. AB - Twenty years' experience with the surgical treatment of Zenker's diverticulum is discussed, with emphasis on 25 patients treated by the Dohlman endoscopic method since 1959. In these patients, mostly elderly, the sac was not removed, but the wall between the esophagus and pouch was divided endoscopically. There were no deaths and no instances of mediastinitis or hemorrhage. Twenty-four of the 25 patients were able to eat with much greater ease. The chief advantages of the endoscopic approach are its extreme brevity of two to five minutes, lack of morbidity, and lack of threat to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Reoperations are as simple as the original. PMID- 809844 TI - Acute toxic psychosis associated with gentamicin therapy. PMID- 809845 TI - Sarcocystis booliati n.sp. and a parasite of undetermined taxonomic position, Octoplasma garnhami n. gen. n. sp., from the moonrat, Echinosorex gymnurus. AB - Sarcocystis booliati n.sp. is described from the moonrat Echinosorex gymnurus (Mammalia, Insectivora) from West Malaysia. The cysts are very thin-walled, not visible to the naked eye, and have no trabeculae or cytophaneres. They are found in skeletal but not heart muscle. The zoites are small, 5-8 by 2-3 mum with a mean of 6.5 by 2.2 mum, in dry fixed smears. Octoplasma garnhami n.gen. n.sp., a parasite of undetermined taxonomic status but belonging to the Coccidiasina, Apicomplexa, is also described from the same host. Only schizononts and pseudocysts with typically 8 zoites, have so far been seen in monocytes of the spleen and liver. The zoites are large, 15 by 3 mum and have a distinct nucleolus even in dry-fixed smears. PMID- 809846 TI - The effect of trichinosis on weight gain and food intake of rats fed low and high protein diets. PMID- 809847 TI - Sarcocystis sp. in the myocardium of a water buffalo from Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia. PMID- 809848 TI - Cortisol and growth hormone in kwashiorkor and marasmus. AB - Cortisol and growth hormone concentrations in the plasma were determined in 26 children with kwashiorkor, 13 with marasmus, and 21 controls. Cortisol levels were high in babies with kwashiorkor and marasmus, but higher in the former, in relation to a constant body mass. The concentration of plasma cortisol correlated positively with the body mass deficit in kwashiorkor (r = 0,66) and in children with low mass for age (r = 0,75). Growth hormone levels were elevated in both kwashiorkor and marasmus. The proposed role of these hormones in metabolic adaptation to malnutrition is discussed. PMID- 809849 TI - The effects of vitamine C on lipid metabolism. AB - Evidence is presented showing that vitamin C had definite effects on lipid metabolism. The stress of captivity on free-living baboons causes a decrease in serum vitamin C levels and an increase in serum cholesterol levels. Increased dietary intake of vitamin C during the initial stages of captivity significantly decreases the serum cholesterol values. Dietary vitamin C stimulates the synthesis of cholesterol from 14C-labelled acetate and mevalonate in baboon liver homogenates and increases the turnover rate of the cholesterol body pool. Vitamin C inhibits baboon cardiac lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 809850 TI - [The medical implications of the accelerating increase in population]. AB - South Africa is on the brink of a population explosion, especially with regard to its Black citizens. The supply of adequate medical services and the successful implementation of family planning can best be achieved in a practical way by the development of advanced nursing on a large scale. PMID- 809851 TI - Treatment of postoperative external fistulas of the small intestine. PMID- 809852 TI - Therapeutic index of nutritional depletion in hospitalized patients. AB - A creatinine height index, which compares the creatinine excretion of a patient with that of an idealized normal adult of the same height, was used to assess protein status in 30 young males serving as controls and 11 malnourished male surgical patients, eight on a metabolic ward and three on a general surgical ward. The mean creatinine height index was 1.09 in the normal males and 0.50 in the 11 who were malnourished, a difference which is highly significant, p less than 0.005. The creatinine height index was more sensitive than other measures of nutritional status in this study, which included weight for height, nitrogen balance and serum albumin levels. These results suggest a role for this technique in the nutritional assessment of the surgical patient, which must play an increasing role in the critical care of this patient population. PMID- 809853 TI - Letter: Prevention of adhesion recurrence after adhesiolysis. PMID- 809854 TI - A comparison between anterior and posterior spinal implant systems. AB - In four patients with intractable pain from metastatic cancer, application of current through electrodes placed on the anterior surface of the cord produced analgesia and pain relief below the level of implant without the development of paresthesias. Application of current through electrodes placed on the dorsal columns in these patients also relieved pain, but to a lesser degree and with the development of associated paresthesias. In one patient, application of current from anterior electrodes to posterior electrodes produced a zone of dissociated sensory loss. While it is simpler to implant electrodes over the dorsal columns, the anterior location may be superior when currents are to be applied for the pain relief in the lower lumbar and sacral dermatomes. PMID- 809855 TI - Early post-traumatic epilepsy prophylaxis. AB - An anticonvulsant regimen is described using diphenylhydantoin specifically designed for use in the acutely head injured patient. Initial doses of diphenylhydantoin based on body weight and maintenance doses determined by plasma concentrations of the drug are utilized to provide immediate and maintainable anticonvulsant blood levels. PMID- 809856 TI - [Heterptopic ossification in paraplegia]. PMID- 809858 TI - [Nitroglycerin tablets. Durability and dosage]. PMID- 809857 TI - [Advances in insulin therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 809859 TI - [False-positive results obtained on examining slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues (author's transl)]. AB - As part of the examination of emergency-slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues, studies were done to see whether false-positive results would be obtained when the Sarcina lutea kidney test and Bacillus subtilis BGA test were performed. When the S. lutea kidney test was positive in cattle, calves and swine, penicillin was invariably found to be present in those animals, the histories of which showed that they had not been given antibiotics. A syringe and an injected fluid containing penicillin residues are regarded as possible causes of these positive results. When the S. lutea kidney test was performed in horses which had been in a state of stress prior to slaughter, false-positive results were occasionally observed. When the German B. subtilis BGA test was used, a large number of false-positive results were recorded, among others in equine kidneys. This shows that the use of this test in examining the kidney is a highly controversial matter. A number of drugs used in veterinary medicine may have an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. lutea and B. subtilis BGA test organisms in vitro. When these drugs were used therapeutically (in vivo), the result of the S. lutea kidney test was not positive in any of the cases studied. On the other hand, false-positive results were obtained when the B. subtilis BGA renal medullary test was performed in those animals in which lidocaine and calcium borogluconate had also been injected. PMID- 809861 TI - Progress in rhesus histocompatibility typing resulting from the Second International Nonhuman Primate Histocompatibility Workshop (1973). AB - The Second International Nonhuman Primate Histocompatibility Workshop permitted comparison of rhesus monkey alloantisera developed in various laboratories on a single common panel of related and unrelated monkeys. Analysis of the data permits the conclusion that at least nine specificities are recognized by more than one laboratory, including six at the first locus and three at the second locus. PMID- 809860 TI - [Hypertrophic osteodystrophy of the dog (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and radiological findings of 21 dogs with hypertrophic osteodystrophy are described. In three cases a detailed pathologico-anatomic examination was performed also. The dogs concerned were young animals of large breeds with clinical symptoms of lameness, fever, pain, and thickened metaphyses of the long bones. Radiologically the condition was characterised by enhancement of the metaphyses and periosteal new growths of the bone. The pathologico anatomic examination revealed a disturbed endochondral and periosteal ossification. Overnutrition as a possible cause of the condition is discussed. PMID- 809862 TI - An improved method for perfusion fixation of neural tissues for electron microscopy. AB - A method employing vascular perfusion for improved preservation of biological ultrastructure is described, and its effectiveness demonstrated for mammalian nervous tissues. Following a physiological saline flush into the aorta, hydrogen peroxide and glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer are perfused. After buffer rinses, tissue blocks are postfixed in osmic acid and potassium ferrocyanide. The success rate is enhanced greatly by close attention to details of perfusion technique. Advantages of the method include more uniform and complete preservation. In particular, superior images of membranous elements, glycogen granules and basal laminar material are achieved. Adjustments in osmolality may render the procedure suitable for nonmammalian forms and other tissues. PMID- 809863 TI - Effect of cadmium on epithelial membranes. PMID- 809864 TI - Antimicrobial activity of alkaloids from amphibian venoms and effects on the ultrastructure of yeast cells. PMID- 809865 TI - T-lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of gamma irradiated rhesus monkeys. AB - Circulating Thymus derived (T) lymphocytes were studied in Rhesus monkeys exposed to single whole body gamma radiation with doses of 400, 500 and 600 Rad. Spontaneous lymphocyte rosette assay (E-rosettes) was used to evaluate the level of T-lymphocytes. A decrease in total leukocytes, lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes levels was observed beginning from the 5th day after irradiation and continued for several weeks after radiation. PMID- 809866 TI - [Effects of radiotherapy on plasma T 1/2 59Fe in patients with lung cancer and lymphomas]. AB - The variations of the plasma 59Fe T 1/2 were observed in 20 patients treated by high-energy irradiation. They were submitted to a focalized radiotherapy involving a non-negligible volume of erythropoietic marrow. Among them there were 10 cases of pulmonary cancer, 7 cases of lymphomas, and 3 cases of seminomas. When treatment was limited to an irradiation of the thorax, no significant change of the 59Fe T 1/2 was observed in cases of pulmonary cancer or lymphomas. In case of a supra and infradiaphragmatic irradiation (lymphomas), the 59Fe T 1/2 (initially subnormal) tended to reach normal values after radiotherapy and seems to be independent of the initial value (before irradiation) and of the delivered dose. PMID- 809867 TI - [Photomorphogenesis]. AB - The normal development of the higher plant occurs only in light (photomorphogenesis). The effect of light is due to intracellular development of a morphogenetically active effector molecule (Pfr, a chromoprotein). The point in question is, by which pathways the homeostasis of development (the course of development directed by endogenic factors) and the environmental factor "light" may act together in photomorphogenesis in order to accomplish the normal development of plants. Physiological and molecular analysis of photomorphogenesis is to contribute basically to the problem of surveying the pathways of gens and environmental influences in determining the characteristics of higher organisms, man included. The logical order of the phenomena is shown to have the precedence of an attempt for molecular analysis of photomorphogenesis. A result of the logical order is the insight that all the phenomena induced by Pfr present the spatial and temporal pattern of "primary differentiation". This primary differentiation (= formation of the specific competence) does not depend on light (developmental homeostasis). The photomorphogenesis (= development through the presence of Pfr of the pattern due to the primary differentiation), in accordance with the present knowledge is to be attributed to differential enzymatic induction and repression. This opinion is confirmed by examples. The correlation between the enzymatic activity and the structure (form, shape) still remains an unsolved problem. PMID- 809869 TI - Evaluation of various methods in the detection of protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) of early childhood. AB - 3 different anthropometric methods and clinical assessment were carried out on 82 children aged 1-5 years, to diagnose protein calorie malnutrition. The anthropometric methods used include measurements of weight-for-age, weight-for height, mid-arm circumference and the use of Quac stick. The results obtained showed close agreement between two methods, namely weight-for-height and mid-arm circumference measurements. The mid-arm circumference measurement proved to be the easiest, simplest and fastest method to employ in detecting protein calorie malnutrition among a population of children below the age of 5 years. A combination of mid-arm circumference and weight-for-height measurements is recommended for better and more accurate results. PMID- 809868 TI - Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: human serological studies in a land Dyak village. AB - 449 human sera collected in a Land Dyak village were tested for antibodies to 11 arboviruses. Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus antibodies were particularly prevalent. The rates of infection with these viruses were estimated to be 5-2% per annum for Japanese encephalitis, 8-8% for dengue 1 and 4-3% for dengue 2. Chikungunya virus antibodies were quite common with an annual infection rate of the order of 5% per annum. Infections with other Group A and B and Bunyamwera group viruses were generally at a low level. PMID- 809870 TI - Intestinal absorption, exocrine pancreatic function and response to Vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficient Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). AB - Six patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) were fed a protein-free diet. Sixteen animals of the same species received a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted patas showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not D-xylose, and 5 out of 6 had a decrease in the exocrine pancreatic function. Animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production developed a longer lasting diarrhoea and excreted the microorganisms for a longer time when challenged with Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 809871 TI - Brucella seroreactivity in Western Nigeria: an epidemiological study. PMID- 809872 TI - Vaccination against Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. PMID- 809873 TI - The fate of bacteria introduced into whole blood from which platelet concentrates were prepared and stored at 22 or 4C. AB - Bacteria were intentionally introduced into units of whole blood. Platelet concentrates (PC) which were made from these units were stored at either room temperature (22 C) or at 4 C. In order to isolate small numbers of bacteria from a PC (i.e., 1 to 10 organisms per ml), substantial contamination (42 to 125 organisms per ml) of the whole blood was required. If the PC were stored at room temperature, all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was apparently killed, grew out of control within 48 hours. Storage of PC at 4 C resulted in the general maintenance of bacterial numbers. Since gross contamination of PC has only occasionally been reported, we conclude that past reports of modest contamination of platelet concentrates are primarily sampling artifacts. PMID- 809875 TI - Studies on the rosette inhibition assay. Improvement of the method and correlation with monkey skin graft prolongation. AB - The rosette inhibition assay for immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocyte globulin or plasma has been studied in an effort to improve its reliability. Important changes include the elimination of calcium and magnesium ions from salt solutions used in the assay, the use of deoxyribonuclease to prevent lymphocyte clumping, and pretreatment of plasma samples (heating at 63 C for 10 min followed by acrinol precipitation) to prevent nonspecific inhibition of rosette formation. The use of a graded dose response potency assay against a house standard is discussed. A significant correlation was established between the in vitro activity of several series of antilymphocyte globulin or antithymocyte globulin preparations and their ability to prolong skin graft survival in primates. The best correlation was achieved using a potency estimate relative to a house standard, rather than the conventional titer estimate. PMID- 809874 TI - A new example of anti-LW and further studies on heterogeneity of the system. AB - A case is reported in which an LW3 woman formed anti-LW. It is shown that the case represents the "genetic" and not the "transient" type of red blood cell LW antigen depletion. Studies have confirmed the quantitative difference of LW antigen on LW3 and LW4 red blood cells and the fact that Rhnull individuals produce the only totally LW-negative red blood cells. The difficulties encountered in the identification of anti-LW, because of the LW3 and LW4 states, are described. It is clear, from this study, that if random donors are typed for LW using anti-LW made by an LW4 indvidual, those who are LW3 will be classed as unremarkable LW-positives. PMID- 809876 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in the busulfan-treated rat. II. Effect of cyclophosphamide and antithymic serum on the presensitized state. AB - The purpose of the present study was to develop a model in the busulfan (BU) treated aplastic rat for investigating sensitization to donor marrow in various donor and recipient combinations differing in their degree of histocompatibility. In addition, cyclophosphamide (CY) and rabbit antirat thymocyte serum (RARTS) were studied as potential agents for reversing the presensitized state. Marrow transplantation was studied in the following donor-host combinations: ACI-Lewis (Ag-B-histoincompatible), F344-Lewis (Ag-B-histocompatible), and F344-LBNF1 ("very histocompatible"). The administration of 10(7) donor-type spleen cells i.v. 9 days before marrow infusion sensitized (prevented marrow takes) in all three systems. BN cells were able to sensitize Lewis recipients to F344 marrow because of minor antigens shared by the BN and F344 rat strains. RARTS given as six consecutive daily doses (1.5 ml each) beginning 1 day after immunization and ending 1 day before marrow grafting failed to abolish the presensitized states in all three systems studied. A single dose of CY (150 mg/kg), given alone or combined with RARTS, was able to reverse the measurable effects of presensitization in the histocompatible and "very histocompatible" situations, but was without effect on the histoincompatible system. The present studies were performed in a limited number of rat strain combinations, and the general and specific effects of CY on presensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens in other situations such as outbred mammalian systems remain to be determined. PMID- 809877 TI - [Study of the cytogenetic activity of radioprotective agents in a human lymphocye culture. III]. AB - Distribution of chromosome aberrations in cells of human lymphocyte cultures treated with mutagenic agent thioTEPA and protectors--aminopropylaminoethyl thiophosphoric acid (grammaphos) cystaphos and 5-metoxytriptamine (mexamine) was studied. It is shown that the empirical distribution of aberrations in cell is described by geometrical distribution. PMID- 809879 TI - [Demonstration of tubercle bacilli in the parietal pleura]. PMID- 809878 TI - [Mono- and polymorphic blood protein loci in mink (Mustela vison Schr.)]. AB - Heterogeneity of haemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, esterase, alkaline and acidic phosphatases, haptoglobin, post-albumin, ceruloplasmin, carboanhydrase was studied in 1501 standard and colour minks by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Only the last three proteins of the enumerated ones have hereditary variations. Frequencies of the "main" allels of these systems are not lower than 0.9 and the average heterozygosis is 0.023. PMID- 809880 TI - [From the borderline between epileptic activities and mental reactions]. PMID- 809881 TI - [Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Greater Aarhus]. PMID- 809882 TI - [Indications for anti-epileptic treatment]. PMID- 809883 TI - [Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy]. PMID- 809884 TI - [A controlled social and psychological investigation of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy]. PMID- 809885 TI - [Fabry's disease: histological and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 809886 TI - Cerebellar inhibition of auditory function. PMID- 809887 TI - Gingival hyperplasia and malar abscesses in a squirrel monkey. PMID- 809888 TI - [Tests on the bactericidal effectiveness of iodophor A in the halls of a pig fattening station]. AB - In the halls of the pig fattening house the bactericidal effectiveness of cold water solutions of Czechoslovakia-made Jodofor A and the product of the Ciba Geigy company Iosan was tested and compared with the effectiveness of Chloramin B used in a water solution at the temperature of 50 to 60 degrees C. The solutions were applied by fine spraying at the rate of 0.5 lt. per 1 m2 of area. After one hour the spray was applied again at the same rate. One hour after the last Jodofor spray and two hours after the last Chloramin B spray, smears were collected from the disinfected surfaces. The examination included the detection of coliform germs, germs of the Micrococcaceae family, and the determination of the total number of germs. On the whole, 384 smears were examined in four separate trials. The application of Jodofor A in 2% concentrations, after mechanical average-quality purification, did not give acceptable results, in comparison with the solution of Cloramin B. Only when solutions of Jodofor A and Iosan were used in 3% concentration after perfect mechanical purification, satisfactory results were obtained (with the exception of plaster and painted wood), in comparison with the Chloramin B solution. Better disinfectibility was found in aluminium sheet, terracotta, concrete, and metal, as distinct from plaster and painted wood. The comparison of Jodofor A with abroad-male Iosan indicates that Jodofor has the same or a better bactericidal effect than Iosan in all indices. Due to its bactericidal effect, Jodofor A is a suitable disinfectant for preventive disinfection of farm animal houses. In order to achieve results corresponding to those provided by 2% solutions of Chloramin B it is necessary to use at least 3% concentration of Jodofor A. Good mechanical purification is a basic prerequisite for its effectiveness. PMID- 809889 TI - [Levels of luteinizing hormone in sheep of various breeds]. AB - Determined were the LH values in the course of the sexual cycle which ranged within limits of 1 ng ml-1, with a peak of 60 to 250 ng ml-1 on the day of oestrus. By leaving the lambs with their mothers, the normal cycle is stopped, conclusive differences in the rest levels of LH were found out in the Finnish sheep breed, in Romanov sheep, and in the mutton Merino breed. After ovariectomy there occurred an increase of LH in sheep of the Tsigai breed to 6 ng ml-1 and in sheep of the mutton Merino breed to 18 to 22 ng ml-1. PMID- 809890 TI - [Activity values of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the serum of farm aminals]. AB - The authors describe selected methods of agar-gel electrophoresis enabling the qualitative and quantitative study of LDH isoenzymes in animal serum. Isoenzyme values: horse LDH-1 33.0%, LDH-2 27.9%, LDH-3 24.3%, LDH-4 9.6%, LDH-5 5.2%; sheep LDH-1 57%, LDH-2 10.8%, LDH-3 21.6%, LDH-4 5.2%, LDH-5 5.4%; cow LDH-1 45.9%, LDH-2 25.8%, LDH-3 15%, LDH-4 7%, LDH-5 6.8%; pig LDH-1 44.4%, LDH-2 24.9%, LDH-3 13.6%, LDH-4 8.8%, LDH-5 8.3%. Under the same conditions, the lowest degree of heterogeneity was found in the enzyme of sheep serum. PMID- 809891 TI - [Immunogenic activity of vaccines against rabies]. AB - The effectiveness of cerebrospinal avianized and tissue vaccines against rabies produced in Czechoslovakia was compared with that of some foreign vaccines. At the same time, the results obtained were compared with the international standard - vaccine obtained on request from the World Health Organization. The following methods were used for the determination of effectiveness: determination of the content of virus in vaccine in mice, effectiveness test in guinea-pigs -- Koprowski, effectiveness test and ED50 determination in mice -- our modification of Nazarov's method. The effectiveness of the Czechoslovak cerebrospinal vaccine was very good. The results were the same as in the case of the foreign vaccines (Soviet, Bulgarian) and the international standard vaccine used for comparison. The ED50 determined in these vaccines ranged from 2.49 mg to 8.0%. The avianized Czechoslovak vaccine showed higher effectiveness of foreign vaccines (Holland, Spain, Algeria). The immunogeneity index was 0.87--1.14. For the time being, tissue vaccines are produced in testing series in Czechoslovakia; nevertheless, they gave the same results as foreign vaccines (Soviet, French). The ED50 of tissue vaccines was found to range from 5.21 mg to 16.50 mg. PMID- 809892 TI - [Clinical examination of the blood of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and fallow deer (Dama dama L.) naturally invaded by parasites]. AB - Roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus L. -- five animals) and fallow deer (Dama dama L. - eleven animals) of both sexes and at different age were subject to blood examination. The deer were killed in several preserves in Bohemia during autumn and winter shootings in two years. The following blood values were determined: erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit values, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood picture, total protein, its fractions (albumin, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulin) SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase activities, and calcium, phoshporus, and magnesium levels. Examinations were performed in the blood collected from heart soon after the killing of the animals and the results were evaluated in relation to natural polyvalent invasions by parasites of the following species: Bicaulus sagittatus, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Paramphistomum sp., Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, O. ostertagi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Nematodirus filicollis, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Trichocephalus ovis, Eimeria auburnensis, E. faurei, and E. ninaekohlyakimovae, occurring in different intensities and species composition in individual animals of the deer tested. PMID- 809893 TI - [Relationship of citric acid concentration to various quality indices of the equine ejaculate]. AB - The paper describes the relation of citric acid to other chemical and biological indices of the fertility of stallion sperm. A positive relation was found between citric acid and the density and motility of spermatozoa, to the concentration of ergothioneine, and hemolytic activity, and a negative relation to pH and to the polarographic activity of proteins. Attention is drawn to the important nutritional function of citric acid. PMID- 809894 TI - [Abnormalities in the acrosome structure of drake spermatozoa]. AB - Changes in the acrosome structure of drake spermatozoon were studied electron- microscopically. There were changes in the position of the acrosomal spine in the nucleus, the presence of two spines. The acrosome cap was observed to bear shape changes; other structure and vacuoles were present in the cap. Pronounced changes on acrosomal cap and acrosomal spine were observed in spermatozoa having nuclei with considerable shape deformations. PMID- 809895 TI - [Study on the growth of cystogenous and proliferative forms of Toxoplasma gondii on PK cells]. PMID- 809896 TI - [Use of electron microscopy for the rapid diagnosis of poxvirus diseases (smallpox) in swine]. AB - For a rapid proving of the pig pox virus in the skin of naturally infected pigs, the simple electron microscopic method of negative staining was used. The result was checked by means of the finding of intracytoplasmatic inclusions in the histological sections and the proving of the presence of virions in the ultra thin sections through the cells of the epidermis. PMID- 809897 TI - Myxosarcoma in a young rhesus monkey. AB - A myxosarcoma that arose spontaneously in the ilial region of a young male Rhesus monkey grew rapidly and invaded and lysed the pelvic bones. It consisted of large pleomorphic cells, with single or multiple nuclei and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, in abundant intercellular matrix. PMID- 809898 TI - Ozone-induced pulmonary lesions in rats and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 809899 TI - Pathology of polychlorinated biphenyls in rabbits. PMID- 809900 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 809901 TI - Toxicopathology of tilorone hydrochloride. PMID- 809902 TI - Right atrial cardiomyopathy in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 809903 TI - [Resistance of tuberculosis mycobacteria in raw-dried and raw-fumigated sausages]. AB - Studied was the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobact. bovinum, and Mycobact. avium in the nonperishable raw-dried and raw-fumigated saussages Koprivshtenska and Troyanska loukanka and Gornooryahovskanadenitsa, produced according to the requirements of the Bulgarian State Standards and the technologic instructions. It was found that the viability and pathogenicity of the tuberculosis mycobacteria in the raw-dried loukankas persist up to the 180th day from contamination, and in the raw-fumigated loukankas they were established up to the 150th day. The survival of bacteria in these saussages during long storage depended on the count of the microbial cells in the meat mass. At 120,000 cells per one gram of meat mass, some bacteria were found up to the 180th day, while at 1200 cells these persisted up to the 150th day. PMID- 809904 TI - The size of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome: a morphometrical study of renal biopsies. AB - The juxtaglomerular apparatus was histoplanimetrically studied in renal biopsies of 65 cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and 64 cases of minimal proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis (MPI) ("minimal changes"). The juxtaglomerular cell complex (JGC complex) consisting of the epithelioid cells (granular cells) and the Goormaghtigh's cells (agranular or lacis cells) was significantly enlarged in the nephrotic syndrome. 10 to 14 days' duration of the nephrotic syndrome was shown to be sufficient to bring about an enlargement of the JGC complex. After a successful treatment of the nephrotic syndrome with steroids, there was no enlargement of the JGC complex. The enlarged JGC complex persisted despite steroid treatment in the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, although a mild suppressive effect of steroids on the size of the JGC complex was observed. There was no significant relationship between hypertension and the size of the JGC complex. Creatinine retention tended to be associated with an enlargement of the JGC complex. The macula densa was not enlarged in the nephrotic syndrome, in contrast to the enlarged JGC complex. PMID- 809906 TI - Uptake of labelled-n-nitrosomethylurea in the pancreatic islets. AB - Labelled N-nitrosomethylurea was injected intravenously into mice (C57/BI strain) and Chinese hamsters. In whole-body autoradiograms the isotope was found to accumulate heavily in the islet tissue of the Chinese hamsters but not in that of the mice. The selective uptake in the islet of Chinese hamsters was most pronounced after one hour. A dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of non-labelled N nitrosomethylurea caused hyperglycemia in the Chinese hamsters while no hyperglycemia occurred in the mice at a dose of 150 mg/kg in the Chines hamsters while no hyperglycemia occurred in the mice at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The results indicated that the diabetogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea is related to the ability of this substance, or a metabolite of it, to accumulate in the pancreatic islets. PMID- 809905 TI - [Ultrastructural-morphometric analysis of liver biopsies in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. I. Correlations between morphometry of bile canaliculi and so-called "marker enzymes of cholestasis" (author's transl)]. AB - Reports on correlations between the activity of so-called "marker enzymes of cholestasis" in serum and the ultrastructural changes of the liver are rare. Therefore studies of ultrastructural changes were carried out in 40 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. In the patients' serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, bile duct alkaline phosphatase, leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), and 5' nucleotidase (5'-Nu) as well as the concentration of bilirubin were determined. The results showed a significant correlation between the morphometry of the bile canaliculi and the serum activity of LAP and 5'-Nu. In patients with elevated LAP, an enlargement of the bile canaliculi could be proved. An increased serum activity of 5'-Nu correlated with a higher incidence of bile canaliculi in the ultrastructural picture. The results suggest an investigation of the ultrastructure of bile canaliculi and the determination of marker enzymes of cholestasis in the serum may both contribute to the assessment of cholestatic liver disease. PMID- 809907 TI - [Experimental heart muscle necorses in the rat after administration of 1 noreadrenaline and strophanthin. Light- and electron microscopic studies (author's transl)]. AB - Female rats with a body weight of approximately 200 g regular show necroses of myocardial fibers after subcutaneous injection of 1-Noradrenaline (2.5 mg/kg body weight). After intraperitoneal premedication with Strophanthin k in a therapeutical dosage (2 X 10(-5 g/kg body weight), the increase in number and extent of the necroses is statistically significant. These findings argue against a preventive effect of Strophanthin k and can be explained by the mode of action of catecholamines and glycosides, as both substances, in a like manner, cause an increase in the mobilizable intracellular calcium of the myocardial fiber. Premedication with Strophanthin causes no alteration in the distribution pattern of necroses, nor in the electron-microscope findings in the case of myocardial necroses produced by Noradrenaline. PMID- 809908 TI - Electron microscopy of uterine leimyosarcomas. AB - Electron microscopic studies of uterine leiomyosarcoma disclose a wide range of differentiation in the neoplastic cells. According to the cytoplasmic appearance undifferentiated, myoblastic, and fibroblast-like cells can be distinguished. Derivation of these cells from mesenchymal cells or poorly developed smooth muscle cells of the myometrium is suggested by the finding of numerous variously differentiated intermediate cell types. The cytoplasm of more differentiated tumour cells usually contains myofilament bundles. Three types of filaments are detected: small, intermediate and thick ones. While the thin ones probably are actin filaments, the intermediate and thick filaments are suggested to represent nonspecific filaments described in a variety of other cell types. Fibroblastic cell types are more often encountered and are usually better differentiated in the premenopausal woman. The possible role of endogenous hormonal factors on the differentiation process of tumour cells is discussed. PMID- 809909 TI - Contractility and ultrastructure of cardiac muscle of guinea pigs treated with diphtheria toxin. AB - The development of tension and the ultrastructure of cardiac papillary muscle of normal guinea pigs were compared to guinea pigs receiving lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. The maximal isometric force of the papillary muscles at various levels of resting tension indicated no significant difference between the control and the diphtheritic animals. Neither did the sarcomere lengths of papillary muscles, fixed at various levels of tension, show any significant difference between these two groups. Electronmicroscopy in diphtheritic animals showed intact myofilaments but marked dilatation of the T and L system as well as pathologic fat deposits adjacent to the subsarcolemma and the T system. The results, therefore, suggest that diphtheria toxin acts on the T and L system, but does not affect structure and function of the myofilaments in the acute stage of diphtheria intoxication. PMID- 809910 TI - Synovitis of familial mediterranean fever. A histologic and ultrastructural study. AB - The microscopic and ultrastructural features seen in the synovium of twelve patients affected by the protracted arthritis variety of FMF is described. It would appear that the small vessels of the synovial membrane are the principle target organ in this articular pathology. Intra articular injections of colloidal radioactive gold, or hydrocortisone, do not alter the histologic and ultrastructural appearance of the affected synovia. Neither do these findings change in the regenerated synovia, growing after a surgical synovectomy. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 809911 TI - [Electron microscopic investigations in the origin of 'ghost bodies' in the aorta]. AB - Electron microscopic studies on aortas of normal mongrel dogs revealed a special form of degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the mode of origin of 'ghost bodies'. These are formed by budding off portions of cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells probably as a result of worsening of the metabolic situation of these cells with increasing age. PMID- 809912 TI - Studies on intracellular transport in the rat exocrine pancreas. I. Inhibition by aromatic amino acids in vitro. AB - In vitro incubation of rat pancreatic lobules in the presence of 10 mM concentrations of 2 natural (phenylalanine, tryptophane) and 2 modified aromatic amino acids (p-fluorophenylalanine, p-chlorophenylalanine) induces paracrystal formation in the cisternal space of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the acinar lumen. Aggregation of secretory material in transitional elements of the rough endoplasmic reticulum suggests tubular connection to the Golgi complex. Paracrystal formation is correlated with a disturbance of the three major phases in the secretory process of the exocrine cell. Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into proteins is inhibited by 10 mM concentrations of phenylalanine and tryptophane by 20 and 50% respectively and by p-chlorophenylalanine at 1 and 10 mM concentrations by 50 and 75%. The inhibition of protein synthesis is not due to a reduced intracellular concentration of radioactive precursor amino acids. Intracellular transport of newly synthesized proteins as studied by a radioassay for zymogen discharge and by cell fractionation is similarly inhibited by phenylalanine, tryptophane and p-chlorophenylalanine at 10 mM concentrarions (20, 30, and 40% respectively). Discharge of zymogens as measured by the secretion of amylase stimulated with 5 X 10(-6) M carbamylcholine is reduced by 20% if 10 mM concentrations of phenylalanine, tryptophane or p-chlorophenylalanine are present in the medium. Paracrystals were isolated by differential centrifugation and their protein content compared with isolated zymogen granules. On sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis paracrystalline proteins show the same electrophoretic pattern as the content of zymogen granules. PMID- 809913 TI - [The effect of acetylsalicylic acid, extremely restricted movement and a cholesterol-rich diet on atheromatosis of the rabbit aorta: comparative investigations (author's transl)]. AB - A multifactorial model for demonstrating the pathogenesis of the diet-induced atheromatosis of the rabbit is described. We examined the effect of various diets (atherogenetic, rich in fibre, mixed, normal) and of extreme restriction of movement, with and without doses of acetylsalicylic acid. The aorta showed uniforms morphological findings; 1. Acetylsalicilic acid no influence on the cholesterol-induced atheromatosis of the rabbit; 2. An atherogenic diet and a diet rich in raw fibre caused different degrees of sclerosis of the aorta; this was related to the cholesterol content of the mixed diet, which was 50% less than the cholesterol content of the atherogenic diet; 3. Macro- and microscopic examination showed that extreme restriction of movement alone has no demonstrable effect on the aorta of the rabbit; 4. The cholesterol-induced atheromatosis showed significantly less involvement of the aorta when there was extreme restriction of movement in addition to the diet; 5. In none of the test groups could we demonstrate any effect of PAT I on platelet adhesiveness; 6. The test conditions did not result in an activation of the contact phase of the haemocoagulation system. PMID- 809914 TI - Proliferative myositis. A case report with fine structural analysis. AB - A report is given on a case of proliferative myositis in a 75 year old woman. By fine structural analysis it can be shown, that the characteristic giant cells in proliferative myositis are mesenchymal cells with an intensive protein metabolism. They can be compared to fibroblasts; for a myogenic origin of these cells we found noevidence. Furthermore, various stages in the development and function of the proliferating cells were observed, by which the course of the disease can be expalined. PMID- 809915 TI - Inhibition of rat hepatocyte multiplication by serum factors. Physiological significance. AB - A serum factor that inhibits the passage of hepatocytes from the G1 to the S phase and another that induces the production of binucleate hepatocytes were studied at different growth stages in the rat and under conditions inducing hepatocyte multiplication: partial hepatectomy and injection of irritants. A close relationship was found between the presence of these serum factors and the patterns of hepatocyte multiplication. When many S phase hepatocytes and few binucleate cells are produced in the liver, as in the first three weeks of life or after partial hepatectomy in adults, the mitotic inhibition and binucleate cell production activities are not found in the sera. Conversely, when the number of S phase hepatocytes decreases progressively and many binucleate cells are produced, as in weanling and adult rats or in baby rats during the late period after an irritating injection, these activities are present in the sera. These facts support the hypothesis that these factors play a role in the physiological regulatory mechanism of liver growth. PMID- 809916 TI - On the possible role of intestinal hormones as the diarrhoeagenic messenger in cholera. AB - Cholera enterotoxin introduced into the duodenum of young rabbits causes severe degranulation of the enterochromaffin (EC) cells as revealed by electron microscopy. In the mucosal epithelium fixed mainly 1 hr after toxin administration, many of the basal granules of the EC cells are swollen up and open to the basal and lateral cell surface. The EC cells of the rabbit, as it is the rule for intestinal endocrine cells in mammals, are open to the lumen with an apical process covered by microvilli. A hypothesis is proposed that cholera toxin stimulates this apical receptor of the EC cells and that the aminic (serotonin) and polypeptide (motilin?) products of the cells released by the stimulus may mediate the diarrhoeagenic action of cholera enterotoxin. PMID- 809917 TI - Multinucleate spermatogenic cells by traumatic haemorrhagic suffusion in lizard testes. AB - During a study on testicular cycle in the tropical teiid lizard Cnemidophorus 1. lemniscatus (L.), some animals showed testicular haemorrhagic suffusions presumptively due to traumata suffered while they were captured, between 4 and 8 hours before the autopsy. Their testes were immediately removed and processed to be examined under the light microscope. The extravasated blood was always relatively scarce and limited to the interstitial spaces. Numerous multinucleate spermatogenic cells in all the stages of development were found within the seminiferous tubules contiguous to the suffered blood. The number of nuclei in these cells increases from spermatogonia, which generally have two and rarely more than four, to spermatids, which sometimes form giant cells with more than thirty nuclei. The various nuclei of each multinucleate cell pertain exactly to the same spermatogenic stage. Divisionss of the multiple nuclei proceed simultaneously but in an independent way. As relatively broad intercellular bridges between normal spermatogenic cells of each type can be seen in this species through the electron microscope, cell fusion by enlargement of the preexistent cytoplasmic interconnections is considered to be the more probable way of formation of multinucleate cells. Nuclear divisions not followed by cytokinesis may contribute in this process. A reduced exchange of materials derived from the local circulatory disturbance, and particularly hypoxia, are likely the cause of these cell alterations. PMID- 809918 TI - The effect of heat treatment on glucose metabolism in human kidney cell line. AB - The effect of supraoptimal temperature on various glucose metabolism pathways of human kidney cell line was studied. Exposure of cells to 44 degrees C for longer than one hour resulted in decreased activity of the tri-carboxylic-acid (Krebs) cycle, which hardly recovered at 72 hours. The first few steps of the pentose phosphate pathway were found to be much less sensitive to heat treatment than the whole cycle, and continued to be partially active even after a 3-hour exposure to 48 degrees C. PMID- 809919 TI - Leucocyte specific antinuclear antibodies. Preparation and fluorescence study. AB - Tissue and species specific anti-nuclear sera detectable by immunofluorescence were produced by immunising rabbits with D.N.A.-non-histone protein extract from human leucocytes. This is a potentially valuable method for the morphological study of differentiation. PMID- 809920 TI - Ultrastructural nuclear changes of extranucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures during autolysis of normal liver cells. AB - The ultrastructural changes of extranucleolar nuclear ribonucleoprotein structures during autolysis of normal liver cells were studied by means of usual and cytochemical procedures. The results revealed that the earliest changes were characterized by the fragmentation of the perichromatin fibrils and disappearance of the perichromatin granules. This was followed by the formation of numerous dense granules among the altered perichromatin fibrils and by the disappearance of dense fibrillar structures from the remaining interchromatin areas. In the later stages of autolysis the altered perichromatin fibrils loosed their density and the dense granules located among them disappeared. In addition, fine filamentous and cross-striated bodies appeared in the nucleoplasm as well as in the cytoplasm of some hepatocytes. The results obtained by the EDTA treatment and digestion of the sections with Pronase and RNA-ase indicated that the altered perichromatin fibrils contained ribonucleoprotein which together with that of the perichromatin granules represent nuclear components most sensitive to the autolysis. The chemical nature of the dense granules located among the altered perichromatin fibrils was different from that of the latter as well as from that of the nuclear microspherules [6]. The dense fine filamentous and cross-striated nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic bodies are considered to represent a nonspecific structural phenomenon accompanying regressive cellular alterations since these bodies were present only in the later stages of autolysis. PMID- 809921 TI - Protein degradation to low-molecular compounds after death and during reanimation. AB - The process of protein degradation to amino acids and peptides in rabbits following death and during reanimation in terms of the effects of artificial postmortem cooling on that process has been studied. Protein degradation was judged by increase of low-molecular nitrogenous compounds in serum and in organs by increase in soluble radioactivity with time in animals the proteins of which had been marked in vivo with radioisotopes. It has been found that immediately after death resulting from acute anoxia the processes of protein degradation to amino acids as well as synthesis stops in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles, spleen, brain and spinal cord. Similar phenomenon takes place in the case of deep hypothermy. During reanimation the process of protein degradation to low molecular compounds in organs restores. PMID- 809922 TI - Characterization of a chemotactic factor (leucoegresin) for polymorphonuclear leucocytes from thermal skin site. AB - A chemotactic factor for PMN leucocytes was extracted in the pseudoglobulin fraction of burned skin lesions in rabbits and then highly purified by chromatography using Sephadex G-50, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and CM-Sephex C-50 in this order. Chemotactic activity was estimated by a modification of Boyden's method during the process of purification. This factor was a protein free of nucleic acid and its molecular weight was approximately 140000 when measured by gel filtration. Its activity was relatively heat-stable. Agar immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion using goat antiserum against rabbit serum and against rabbit IgG revealed that this factor shared at least some antigenic determinants with rabbit IgG. Intradermal injection of this factor induced pronounced PMN leucocyte emigration at the site of venules, but did not increase vascular permeability. These observations reasonably confirmed that this factor was indistinguishable from leucoegresin isolated from active Arthus site in rabbits; and it was called burn leucoegresin. The amount of burn leucoegresin, obtained from one burned site showing maximal PMN leucocyte emigration, was smaller than that of Arthus leucoegresin from one active Arthus site showing maximal PMN leucocyte emigration, in accordance with less pronounced PMN leucocyte emigration in burn site. PMID- 809923 TI - The cell proliferation of epithelial metaplasia in the prostate gland. An autoradiographic in vitro study. AB - In 147 autoradiographically examined prostate biopsy cylinders 5.4% squamous metaplasia and 6.0% transitional metaplasia were diagnosed. The average labeling index of squamous metaplasia was 4.3% and corresponded with values from non keratinizing squamous epithelium in other locations. The labeling index of the transitional cell metaplasia was, in contrary, almost 10 times lower with an average value of 0.29% and corresponded with the values well known for the urothelium of the urinary bladder. Higher labeling indices were observed in 2 cases but these had chronic prostatitis. The autoradiographic results are in good agreement with the ultrastructural findings in which the metaplastic squamous epithelium corresponds with normal squamous epithelium by which the cellular proliferation takes place only in the stratum basale. On the other hand, transitional metaplasia exhibits DNA-synthesizing cells in the superficial cell layers just like in the urothelium. PMID- 809924 TI - Effects of repeated injections of sucrose on the kidney. Histologic, cytochemical and functional studies in an animal model. AB - In previous experiments (Monserrat, Gotelle, and Garay, 1969) we have found that the administration to rats of a single injection of 1.12 M sucrose induces a hydropic reversible vacuolation of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. Along with the vacuolation the PAS and acid phosphatase positive, as well as autofluorescent granules (lysosomes) disappear and vice versa. We now report the effects of multiple intraperitoneal injections of 1.12 M sucrose. The aim of the study was to determine whether the renal cells are able to adapt to this situation or the modifications are permanent. Wistar male rats were allotted to 4 different groups (A : experimental, B, C, and D, controls) and placed in metabolic cages. Animals from group A were injected with 3.0 ml/100 gm body weight of 1.12 M sucrose at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the beginning of the experiment; rats of groups B and C were injected respectively at 0 and 96 hours, and finally, rats of group D were used as normal controls. All rats were killed at 120 hours. The results showed a striking vacuolation in the proximal convoluted tubules of the rats of group C, and complete regression of vacuolar changes in those of group B. Rats of group A, although they maintained the osmotic diuresis, showed mild vacuolation with persistence of acid phosphatase and PAS positive granules, as well as autofluorescent droplets (lysosomes). We postulate that these results are indicative of adaptive changes, whose mechanisms are at present being studied. PMID- 809925 TI - Activity of alpha-d-mannosidase in human Langerhans epidermal cells. AB - The histochemical examination of bioptic samples of the human skin revealed the strikingly high activity of an acid-alpha-D-mannosidase in Langerhans cells. This enzyme is highly soluble and its activity "in situ" can be demonstrated practically only with the semipermable membrane technic. The significance of this finding is briefly discussed. PMID- 809926 TI - The unusually high activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in Gaucher cells. AB - In a liver biopsy specimen of an infantile type of Gaucher's disease an extremely high activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was observed in Gaucher cells. The activities of fourteen other dehydrogenases which were studied incomparably weaker. PMID- 809928 TI - Smoking and its effects on health. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 809927 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hemolytic disease of the fetus according to the data of study of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 809930 TI - Education and treatment in human sexuality: the training of health professionals. Report of a WHO meeting. PMID- 809929 TI - Evaluation of family planning in health services. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 809931 TI - The metabolic fate of endrin in the rabbit. AB - 1. [14C]Endrin, administered orally to rabbits, is excreted in the faeces as unchanged endrin (50% of that administered) and in the urine as a mixture of polar metabolites. 2. The major biotransformation is hydroxylation at the methylene bridge (C-12) to yield anti-12-hydroxyendrin. syn-Hydroxylation at C-12 also occurs. 3. The hydroxylated metabolites are excreted mainly as their sulphate conjugates. 4. Glucuronide conjugates are also excreted. anti-12 Hydroxyendrin is rapidly conjugated in vitro on incubation with rabbit liver microsomal glucuronyl transferase and UDPGA. 5. Comparative aspects of the metabolism of endrin in rats and rabbits are discussed. PMID- 809932 TI - [Effect of several plant growth regulators on various prokaryotes and their viruses]. AB - 26 plant growth regulators including herbicides were investigated in their effect on the multiplication of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum as well as the RNA phages M 12 and Qbeta and the DNA phages lambda, phi 105, and LPP-1 employing the agar diffusion method. Nearly all of the compounds inhibited and/or stimulated one or some of the prokaryotes tested. The most frequent and strongest effects occurred in Pl. boryanum, the least effects in E. coli. The multiplication of phages was also influenced by plant growth regulators leading to increase, decrease or non-appearance of plaques. The investigations with the temperate phages lambda and phi 105 suggested part of the compounds to be able to interfere with the process of lysogenization. The results are discussed comparatively involving correspondent findings referred to in literature. PMID- 809933 TI - [Vitamin B 12 dependent methionine biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - Among methionineless mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO lacking the ability of methylating homocysteine we found two different types: One of them responding to methionine only, the other one to methionine or vitamin B12 alternatively. That means that P. aeruginosa PAO as well as other B12-producing bacteria (with one exception: Aerobacter aerogenes) use only the B12 pathway (metH) for methionine synthesis. The effect of some cys-auxotrophs equally growing on vitamin B12 as described by Calhoun and Feary (1969) was confirmed for P. aeruginosa PAO by our mutants. In a P. aeruginosa strain of other origin, PAE, neither met- nor cys-mutants responding to B12 have been found, although strain PAE as well as strain PAO excessively synthesize B12. PMID- 809934 TI - [The ascent of man. Comments on the current status of research]. PMID- 809936 TI - [The causes of arthrosis of the hip-joint. A radiologic study (author's transl)]. AB - It is often possible to establish the origin of an arthosis of the hip joint radiologically. Only in 17 out of 445 patients were we unable to arrive at a classification because the arthrosis was already too advanced. Data relating to the history are of limited value -- only 21% of our patients knew of earlier disorders of the joint --, so definition of causes an radiographs is important. The high percentage of arthroses the origin of which is known, makes it likely that the concept of "primary arthrosis" is unnecessary, since behind it there hide those cases of apparently ill-defined arhtroses which -- as shown in our results -- can be further differentiated. This radiologically based classification will serve to increase the possibilities of progressing from symptomatic to prophylactic treatment. PMID- 809935 TI - The developmental cycle of a species of Sarcocystis occurring in dogs and sheep, with observations on pathogenicity in the intermediate host. AB - Twelve dogs were fed mutton containing small sarcocysts, and killed 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 15, 16, 17 days after infection (DAI). Beginning 13-15 DAI sporocysts 14.7 times 9.0 mum were passed in the faeces of the dogs killed 15-17 DAI. Histological examination showed that developing stages were most numerous in the subepithelial tissue at the tips of villi in the proximal third of the small intestine. Macrogametes containing tiny PAS + granules, and microgametocytes with peripheral developing microgametes were present 1 DAI. By 4 DAI oocysts, with a small nucleus and vacuolate cytoplasm were seen. Sporulation was observed 7-10 DAI. The first nuclear division resulted in 2 polar nuclei which divided laterally, resulting in 2 sporocysts each with 2 polar nuclei. This process was repeated once more to produce 4 nucleated sporozoites in each of 2 sporocysts. PAS + granules were seen at the periphery of sporulating oocysts and sporocysts. There was a large PAS + granule in the mid zone of sporozoites, with a smaller granule at one tip. Numerous sporulated sporocyst pairs were present beneath the epithelium at the tips of villi in dogs killed during patency. Four lambs were inoculated orally with sporocysts passed by dogs following feeding of infected mutton. Fifteen DAI schizonts were seen in the endothelium of arteries and arterioles in many organs, but not brain. Twenty-four DAI, smaller schizonts were seen in capillary endothelium in many organs, including brain. The two other lambs died 42 and 104 DAI, after an illness characterized by anaemia and ill thrift. Mature schizonts were found in cells in the brain 42 DAI, associated with nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. Developing sarcocysts were found in muscle, associated with myositis. Sarcocysts in muscle 104 DAI were mature. In the brain there were degenerate cysts and mature sarcocysts, and nonsuppirative meningoencephalitis. PMID- 809937 TI - ["Enpity"--preparations for the enteral feeding of the severely ill]. PMID- 809938 TI - [Fungal allergens]. PMID- 809939 TI - [Aftercare following dental surgical interventions]. PMID- 809940 TI - Individuality in a long-range vocalization of wild chimpanzees. AB - Analysed sound-spectrographically 129 field tape-recordings of the pant-hooting vocalization of seven chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. Quantitative statistical comparisons revealed that each animal had distinctive differences, sufficient to permit observers and probably chimpanzees to identify individuals. A consistent sexual difference was found, as well as a possible ageclass difference. PMID- 809941 TI - A method for prolonged electrophysiological experiments with the tree shew (Tupaia chinensis). PMID- 809942 TI - [On the efficiency of Bac. cereus var. mycoides (Flugge) during the release of nutritive substances from various organic materials (author's transl)]. PMID- 809944 TI - [Nitrofurantoin-test for the differentiation of bordetella bronchiseptica (author's transl)]. AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica is primarily resistant against nitrofurantoin (MIC greater than 200 mug/ml), and this feature can be used for the differentiation of the organism from other gram-negative coccobacteria. Nitrofurantoin paper disks (300 mug) failed to affect the growth of 150 strains of B. bronchiseptica isolated from different animal hosts, but they produced marked inhibition zones in the cultures of the followingspecies: Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pasteurella haemolytica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis and Brucella neotomae. PMID- 809943 TI - In vitro bacteriological study of a new antibiotic substance: sisomicin. AB - Effects of a new antimicrobial agent sisomicin on microorganisms isolated from pathologic material (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Streptococcus pyogenes-B, Citrobacter Freundii) were studied. The results obtained were compared with another two aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin and tobramycin. All three antibiotics were found to be very effective in vitro; their effect was enhanced by addition of an antibiotic of the penicillin group (carbenicillin, suncillin) or an antibiotic of the tetracyklin series (oxytetracyklin, doxycyklin). All three preparations were tested on 26 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Tobramycin inhibited growth of 22 strains and thus presented the highest level of efficiency among these deoxystreptamin preparations. PMID- 809945 TI - [Listeriosis during pregnancy and excretion of listeria by laboratory workers (author's transl)]. AB - The occurence of listeriosis during pregnancy in a medical technician and listeriosis in a neonate gave rise to an investigation of all laboratory workers being employed in this medical institute for the excretion of L.m. There had been no work with listeria or material containing listeria. In 11 out of 12 female employees, excretion of L.m. was observed over an extended period of time, also with a change of serotypes (see Table 1 or Fig. 1). It was supposed that frequent contact with laboratory rats could have caused the infection. However, L.m. could not be demonstrated in samples of faeces and in organs of these animals. The positive findings might be explained by the ubiquitous occurence of L.m. and the associated frequent oral intake. Of 37 strains of different serotypes isolated, the haemolysing serotypes 1/2a and one haemolysing strain of serotype 4a showed criteria of virulence, whereas the latter were missing completely in the non haemolysing strains of the serotypes 4a and 4b (see table 4). Testing of the strains for sensitivity to chemotherapeutics showed a reduced sensitivity of serotype 4a, particulary to lincomycin, which might be used as a criterion differentiation. The good sensitivity of L.m. to trimethoprim must be emphasized (see Table 3). PMID- 809946 TI - Further observations of changed growth of Listeria monocytogenes on salt agar. AB - The changes produced in Listeria monocytogenes grown on salt media were studied. High concentration of NaCl is really a possible inducer of filamentation as well as of spheroplasting in L. m. It acts by inhibiting the cell division of these bacteria. PMID- 809948 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in the muscles of calves infected experimentally with oocysts and sporocysts of the large form of Isospora bigemina from dogs. 1. The development of cysts and "cyst wall" (author's transl)]. AB - In several experiments young calves were infected with Isospora bigemina (large form) sporocysts excreted by dogs which had been fed with raw beef containing Sarcocystis fusiformis cysts. On the 27th, 34th, 62nd, 76th and 150th day p.i. the calves were killed and the development of S. fusiformis cysts in muscles cells was studied by light and electron microscopy. On the 27th day p.i. in light microscope preparations numerous schizonts, merozoites and endodyogeny-stages were seen in various organs, such as the liver, lung, kidney, heart, small intestine, esophagus, skeletal muscles, diaphragm, cerebrum, and cerebellum. The merozoites measured 7-8 mug by 2-3 mum. Beginning with the 34th day p.i. numerous cysts containing small numbers of metrocytes only were observed in electron microscopy, too. The cysts developed from a parasitophorous vacuole within the host cells. At first this vacuole was limited by a single unit membrane, which soon became thickened byosmiophilic material at numerous places inside of the vacuole. This complex, called primary wall (= Primarhulle), reached a thickness of up to 200-250 A in all cysts. During growth of the cyst this primary wall became regularly folded forming alternating long and short club-shaped protrusions. The longer protrusions were about 0.6 mum long and 0.2-0.3 mum in diameter, whereas the short protrusions were of about 0.13 mum in length. In light microscopy the combined protrusions had the appearance of a very thin cyst wall because of their small size and their close proximity to each other. Later, all protrusions became longer with a maximum of about 3 mum in length without any change in the diameter. Yet, from the 76th day p.i. these protrusions appeared no longer straight, but they became folded over, following a course along the surface of the cyst. Evidently the protrusions did not increase in number after their initial formation, for the distance between them became greater in older cysts. No fibrillar elements were seen within these protrusions which probably accounts for the folding over. The zone of the superficial folded protrusions was not thicker than 1 mum so that in light microscope even the old cysts appeared as relatively thin walled. The interior of the original electron-pale parasitophorous vacuole bacame progressively condensed during the growth of the cyst. There was development of an amorphous ground substance, containing fine fibrils and granules. The ground substance became divided into thin speta (not visible with the light microscope) forming numerous changer-like hollows. The parasites were very closely packed within these hollows. At the beginning of the cyst formation only metrocytes were found within the young cysts, whereas on the 76th day p.i. and later only the infectious merozoites were present. It is therefore concluded that about 3 months after inoculation of calves with sporocysts of the large form I. bigemina from dogs the cysts are fully differentiated, thus being ready for a new transmission... PMID- 809947 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in the muscles of calves infected experimentally with oocysts and sporocysts of Isospora hominis Railliet et Lucet, 1891. 2. Fine structure of metrocytes and merozoites (author's transl)]. AB - In several experiments calves were infected with sporocysts of Isospora hominis thus producing "thick-walled" cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in muscles. Following the growth of the cyst the development of the cyst stages (metrocytes, merozoites) was studied by electron microscopy. Cyst formation began about 40 days p.i. from a parasitophorous vacuole containing exclusively ovoid metrocytes. On the 62nd day p.i. mainly metrocytes and a few banana-shaped merozoites were present within the cysts, whereas on the 98th day p.i. only merozoites, i.e. infectious stages, were observed. The metrocytes were surrounded directly by the amorphous ground substance of the cyst's interior, but the merozoites were arranged relatively loose within chamber-like hollows of the ground substance. The metrocytes are globular cells, about 6-7 mum by 4. 5 mum. The typical three layered pellicle had a few invaginations and several micropores, which seem to ingest numerous small vesicles from the interior of the cyst. These cells posses a conoid, polar ring with 22 anchored supellicular microtubules, several rhoptries and micronemes, a glogi complex anterior to the large nucleus. The nucleus has a spherical nucleolus consisting of granular and fibrillar zones. Chromosomal structres were seen in two different stages: large dense plaques (condensed stage), and as small dense granules of 300-400 a diameter, arranged sperically within the karyoplasm ( extended stage). The nuclear pores show the typical eight-fold symmetry known from other protozoa and numerous metazoa. The rought endoplasmic reticulum is very prominent within these cells as well as the tubular mitochondria... PMID- 809949 TI - New selective media of rivanol content for Listeria monocytogenes cultures. PMID- 809950 TI - Impacts of environmental stress exposure on central nervous functional patterns. A quantitative approach to evoked potential data. AB - Albino rats and rhesus monkeys with chronically implanted electrodes in cortical and subcortical, vasomotory and emotionally relevant brain regions were subjected to psycho-nerval stress (short-term stressful CR learning experiments on rats, long-term environmental stress with disturbances of the diurnal rhythm and social hierarchy on rhesus monkeys). Applying average computer techniques and discriminance analyses to evoked potentials (average evoked potentials = AEP to standardized optic-acoustic test stimuli) we were able to objectify the effect of different stress categories on central nervous functional patterns. These phenomena of electrical activity of the CNS proved to be extremely responsive to the stress exposure (avoidance conditioned learning experiments or socio emotional overstrain). Under moderated stress (CR phases of acquisition and stabilization), time-space patterns of a primary facilitation of AEP could be established, expressing an improved energetic capacity of the CNS (adaptive effect). On the other hand, there was a generalized impairment of bioelectric information processing in temporal correlation with an increase in psycho-nervous stress exposure to rats (CR phases of differentiation). During long-term socio emotional stress exposure of rhesus monkeys the highly significant changes of AEP patterns (increasing fall short of the set point of the bioelectric level of activity with segmental differences in the multiphasic evoked potential) are to be interpreted as maladaptive processes in central nervous function under long lasting high stress conditions. PMID- 809951 TI - Some biochemical aspects of the enzymic transformation of cortisol with Bacillus cereus. AB - The role of a variety of compounds including organic acids, vitamins, growth promoting substances, purines and pyrimidines in the bioconversion of cortisol with Bacillus cereus was investigated. The transformation of cortisol to prednisolone and pregn-4-en-11beta, 17alpha,20beta, 21-tetrol-3-one was affected by these compounds in different manners. The enzymatic delta1-dehydrogenation reaction was greatly induced with fumarate, menadione, and xanthine treatments. However, the enzymic reduction of the 20-carbonyl to the 20beta-ol was specifically stimulated with fumarate, nicotinic acid amide, and uracil treatments. PMID- 809952 TI - Prophylaxis against infection and septicemia in parenteral nutrition via central intravenous catheter. AB - Catheter sepsis has become a serious problem due to increased use of parenteral nutrition. A well functioning catheter system, where a minimum of manipulations are necessary, is of great importance from a prophylatic point of view. Meticulous aseptic and antiseptic technique must be observed in all handling of the catheter system. Daily sterilization by flambage with alcohol flame of the connection in the catheter system, where the most important risk of contamination exists, is recommended. PMID- 809953 TI - A simple density gradient method for removing red cells from haemorrhagic serous fluids. PMID- 809954 TI - The effect of apomorphine on basal and TRH stimulated release of thyrotrophin and prolactin in man. AB - Studies were performed in two groups of healthy male volunteers to evaluate the effect of apomorphine on the secretion of thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin under basal conditions and following the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Apomorphine HCl, administered sc in a dose of 0.75 mg had no effect on the basal levels of plasma TSH or serum prolactin. The iv injection of 200 mug TRH was followed by an increase in TSH and prolactin in all subjects, with a maximum 20-30 min after the injection. When 0.75 mg of apomorphine was injected sc 30 min before TRH, the increase in prolactin was significantly reduced whereas the TSH response was unaltered. Our studies indicate that the TRH induced secretion of prolactin in man can be suppressed through a dopaminergic mechanism whereas the secretion of TSH is not influenced. PMID- 809955 TI - [Waldenstron's macroglobulinemia and chronic diarrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 809956 TI - Immunofluorescent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - When leukaemic lymphoblasts from acute lymphatic leukaemia were reacted with animal anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG), and subsequently with the appropriate, fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies, a brilliant membrane fluorescence was observed, which persisted up to 5 log titres, breaking from rings into spots at higher dilutions. The best results were obtained with fresh suspensions and incident illumination. Cross-reactions with mature and immature myeloid cells with the unabsorbed antisera could be abolished by repeated preabsorbtion of AHLG with packed leukocyte preparations from chronic and acute myeloid leukaemias. Thus, it appears that this approach is susceptible of improving the identification of leukaemic lymphoblasts, and may be extended, by means of appropriate antisera, to the acute leukaemias in general. PMID- 809957 TI - A raised incidence of HL-A2 plus HL-A9 and other anomalies of the HL-A antigens of patients with leukaemia. AB - In 54 patients with leukaemia a raised incidence of HL-A9 was noted as well as a markedly increased association between this antigen and HL-A2. This occurred most frequently in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. As HL-A2 and HL-A9 are both antigens of the first series it has been suggested that all the predisposition to develop leukaemia is controlled by a recessive gene closely linked to the first LH-A locus and in a linkage disequilibrium with HL-A2 and HL-A9. 5 patients also showed definite changes between antigens of the same series, whilst other suffered a partial or total loss in antigenicity. Lymphocytes from 145 controls did not behave in this way, though other patients receiving radiotherapy also 'lost' antigens. So it was postulated that such changes resulted from the treatment of the disease rather than the disease itself. PMID- 809958 TI - Alterations in erythropoiesis preceding leukemia. AB - An attempt was made to study preleukemic changes in bone marrow cell proliferation. Seven patients with hypercellular marrows and aregenerative anemia were studied. Five of them could be followed to autopsy, several years after the kinetic studies; all died with a picture of leukemia. Total bone marrow cell numbers, erythroblast generation times, and erythrocyte production were estimated with 59Fe. Despite hypercellularity, the total erythroblast number was not significantly increased. Erythrocyte production and life span were both decreased, and erythroblast generation time were significantly longer than normal. PMID- 809959 TI - Correlation in hemodialysis patients and renal allograft recipients between percent T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in vitro lymphocyte responses to nonspecific mitogenic agents. AB - Both hemodialysis and renal allograft recipients have a significantly reduced number of total T lymphocytes per microliter of blood. Simultaneous in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) revealed in the normal subjects, a positive correlation (r = +0.427) between percent T lymphocytes and PHA and a negative correlation (r = -0.525) between percent T lymphocytes and PWM. Such trends were not observed in the hemodialysis patients and transplant recipients. Thus, the enumeration of lymphocytes as T cells appears to provide no clear indication of their functional capacity to respond to mitogenic stimulation in these two categories of patients. PMID- 809960 TI - [Solubilization of brain thromboplastin. Effect of different detergents]. AB - The effect of 3 different detergents (Triton X-100, Lubrol WX and Nonidet) on brain thromboplastin was examined and compared with the solubilisation due to deoxycholate. The effect of deoxycholate is superior over that of the other examined detergents. Deoxycholate extracts thromboplastic activity from brain tissue to a large extent. Furthermore it has no interfering absorbance at 280 nm. The aminopeptidase of brain tissue may be separated from thromboplastin. It does not have any coagulation activity. PMID- 809961 TI - Haemoglobin D and D thalassaemia. A family report, comprising 18 members. AB - On the occasion of a double heterozygote case of D haemoglobinopathy/beta thalassaemia (D thalassaemia) from Epirus (Greece), a family study was performed. It comprised 18 members, belonging to 3 generations, and revealed the presence of an additional D thalassaemia case, 4 D haemoglobinopathy heterozygotes, 5 beta thalassaemia heterozygotes and 7 normal persons. The D thalassaemia cases were initially considered as Hb D homozygotes, according to their electrophoretic phenotype; the family study, however, showed the true nature of their stigmata. These patients presented with mild jaundice, splenomegaly and moderate anaemia, while the Hb D heterozygotes was asymptomatic. PMID- 809963 TI - Trisomy 11 in acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A female patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in acute phase was found to have trisomy 11 in her bone marrow cells. The contemporary existence of different clones suggests the following clonal evolution: 46,XX leads to 46,XX,Ph' leads to 47,XX,Ph', +11 leads to 48,XX,Ph', +11, +Ph'. It is suggested, that the cytogenetic events leading to trisomy C in advanced cases of chronic myeloid leukemia are of a different character than those which often results in trisomy C in other myeloid disorders. PMID- 809962 TI - Hemoglobin Beograd (alpha2beta2 121 Glu leads to Val) interacting with beta thalassemia. AB - Hematological and biochemical findings in a family with hemoglobin (Hb) Beograd interacting with beta-thalassemia are presented. Hb Beograd (alpha2beta2 121 Gul leads to Val) was found in 3 members. In two members it interacted with beta thalassemia. These two double heterozygotes had anemia of intermediate severity and splenomegaly. Studies with 51Cr and 59Fe showed a shortened life span of red cells and ineffective erythropoiesis. The abnormal Hb amounted to 86-87%, and Hb F to 5-7%. No Hb A was present. One subject of the family was heterozygous for Hb Beograd. He showed normal clinical and hematological findings. The abnormal hemoglobin was 38%. Four members of the family were heterozygotes for beta thalassemia. The interaction between beta-thalassemia and beta-chain variants is discussed. PMID- 809964 TI - Mechanical stability of human haemoglobins. AB - The mechanical stability of oxyhaemoglobins A, Agenogi, C, E, F, J Toronto, Little Rock, Riverdale-Bronx, San Diego, Stanleyville-2, and Tak was found to be similar, that of A2, Duarte and D Punjab was slightly subnormal, and of Bucuresti, H, Koln, M Saskatoon, S, Shepherds Bush and Zurich was markedly decreased. Cyanide increased the stability of the latter haemoglobins. PMID- 809965 TI - Monocytopoiesis in normal man: pool size, proliferation activity and DNA synthesis time of promonocytes. AB - Monocytopoiesis was analyzed in the bone marrow of healthy individuals. Promonocytes were identified by simultaneous determination of sodium-fluoride sensitive and resistent naphthol-AS-D-acetate esterases. DNA synthesis activity of enzyme-positive promocytes was determined by 3H-thymidine (3H-TDR) incorporation in vitro. DNA synthesis time of these cells was measured by a double labelling technique (3H-TDR in vivo, 14C-TDR in vitro) as well as by serial injections of 3H-TDR. The relative number of promonocytes in the myelogram averaged 2.9% corresponding to a medullar promonocyte pool of about 600 X 10(6) cells per kilogram body weight. The promonocytes were classified into 4 groups on the basis of nucleus morphology: type I promonocytes with small lymphocyte-like nuclei (mean frequency of occurence, F = 5%; mean 3H-TDR labelling index, LI = 7.1%; type II promonocytes with large round or oval nuclei (F = 31%; LI = 9.7%); type III promonocytes with large, slightly folded nuclei (F = 51%; LI = 10.1%); type IV promonocytes with large, distinctly folded nuclei (F = 13%; LI = 24.9%). LI of pooled promonocytes was 12.0%. Mean DNA synthesis times of the different types of promonocytes was similar and approximated 10 h (range 6.6-13.3 h). This was true under normal conditions as well as in septicaemia. PMID- 809966 TI - Proliferation of ineffective erythropoiesis with nuclear abnormalities and megaloblastoid appearance in preleukaemia. AB - Erythropoiesis of two patients in the early stage of acute leukaemia and two patients with refractory anaemia and hypercellular bone marrow (preleukaemia?) was studied with the cytophotometric-autoradiographic method. Megaloblastoid erythroblasts show a decreased proliferative activity in comparison to the morphologically normal cells and are in the maturation stage of E4 (early polychromatic normoblasts) mainly in the G1-phase; they are therefore largely comparable to the megaloblastoid erythroblasts in erythroleukaemia. Erythroblasts in preleukaemia with nuclear abnormalities are found in a high percentage in the G2-phase or are unlabelled with a DNA content of between diploid and tetraploid value. They show a similar proliferative behaviour to the megaloblasts in pernicious anaemia. Early polychromatic erythroblasts arrested in G2-phase can differentiate without mitosis into tetraploid mature erythroblasts (E5). They can divide elsewhere endomitotically, produce binucleated E5 or take up the DNA synthesis and become polyploid. E4 with nuclear abnormalities do not proliferate and are mainly found in the premitotic phase. PMID- 809967 TI - Megaloblastic changes and chromosome abnormalities of erythropoietic cells in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - Using Giemsa banding technique, the bone marrow chromosomes were studied in 9 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Four patients had 100% normal diploid cells and 5 had 100% abnormal cells: 28-92% of the mitoses were found in erythroid cells. The percentage of erythroblasts with megaloblastoid changes was abnormally high. It was not increased in the cases with chromosomal abnormalities. These findings indicate that chromosomal aberrations are not prerequisites for the development of megaloblasts in AML. Furthermore, abnormalities in the DNA synthesis bringing about the megaloblastoid changes may occur without influencing karyotype. PMID- 809968 TI - Haptoglobin, hemopexin, hemoglobin and hematocrit in newborns with erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Hemolysis was studied in 40 G-6-PD-deficient newborn infants, half of whom had bilirubin blood levels within the normal range whereas the others, who were hyperbilirubinemic, underwent exchange transfusion. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemopexin and haptoglobin showed no or little differences between either of the two groups and the controls. The findings confirm the authors' assumption expressed elsewhere that this form of hyperbilirubinemia is not hemolytic in nature. PMID- 809969 TI - Radioassay of serum folate with use of pig plasma folate binders. AB - Pig plasma has been used as a source of specific folate binders for the development of a rapid radioassay to measure the concentration of folate in serum. The assay uses 3H-pteroylglutamic acid as tracer and N-5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid for the construction of the standard curve. The assay is run in a two-step incubation system of 15 min each at room temperature. Comparison between the results obtained with this method and a microbiological one indicated that for sera with relatively high folate levels there was a good agreement between the two methods, whereas for sera with low folate levels the present method produces lower values than the microbiological one. The diagnostic value of the results obtained by the two methods is discussed on the basis of the availability to the tissues of the folates which are firmly bound to specific folate binders of human serum. PMID- 809970 TI - Virus-bearing plasma cells in peripheral blood of a patient with 'hairy cell' leukemia. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of peripheral blood from a patient with 'hairy cell' leukemia revealed classical 'hairy cells', atypical lymphoid cells and numerous pathological plasma cells. Osmiophilic granular material coated the cell surface of 'hairy cells' and lymphoid cells but not the plasmalemma of the plasma cells. The most important features of the plasma cells were cytoplasmic protrusions and masses of oncogenic virus A particles in their endoplasmic reticular cisternae. PMID- 809971 TI - Acute lymphoblastic crisis in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia. AB - A case of chronic lymphatic leukemia terminating in a lymphoblastic crisis is described. The small lymphocytes were demonstrated to be B cells, they carried immunoglobulins on their surface and formed EAC rosettes. The lymphoblasts had no immunoglobulins on their surface and only 18% of them formed EAC rosettes, none formed E rosettes. The lymphoblasts could be either immature B cells or Null cells. PMID- 809972 TI - Anti-IgA antibodies in two brothers with selective serum IgA deficiency. AB - A selective serum IgA deficiency with anti-IgA antibodies at high titer were found in a patient who suffered severe transfusion reactions. The same abnormalities were detected in his brother, a 72-year-old-man in good general condition. Anti-IgA antibodies were found in the IgG fraction and were directed against alpha-chains. A deficiency of isoagglutinins and an absence of heteroagglutinins in the propositus' serum could be shown. PMID- 809973 TI - Histochemical demonstration of the effect of partial hepatectomy on the rat liver enzyme activity of 3 alpha-, 17beta-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The dynamics of the partial hepatectomy effect on the activity of 3alpha-HSD, 17beta-HSD and G-6-PD in rat liver has been followed by means of histochemical methods. In all stages of the investigation the 3alpha-HSD and G-6-PD did not show any deviation from the normal histologic findings in the sham-operated control animals. The reaction for 17beta-HSD decreased abruptly and more or less approximately evenly in the liver cells of the hepatectomized animals as early as in the 24th h after operation. That went on until the 48th h. During the 72nd, 96th and 120th h a certain increase of the 17beta-HSD activity was established. On the 8th day the intensity of the histochemical reaction was identic with that in the liver cells of control animals. The histochemical changes of the 17beta HSD enzyme activity coincide fully in time, strength and direction with the rate of liver regeneration. During the first 2 days after partial hepatectomy, during the rapid mitotic division and loss of the highly specialized function of the hepatic cells, the activity of the 17beta-HSD enzyme greatly decreases, probably in connection with the involvement of cell proteins in the synthesis of new structures. When the regeneration rate diminishes, about the 5th to 8th day, the liver cells gradually return to a quiet ("differentiated") state, regenerate their enzyme systems (17beta-HSD) and renew the normal function of metabolizing steroid hormones. PMID- 809974 TI - The fine structure and localization of alkaline phosphatase activity of the small intestinal epithelium in the postnatal developing rat. AB - The morphological structure and the development of alkaline phosphatase activity of the small intestine of neo-natal rats were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Until around the 14th day of neo-natal life alkaline phosphatase activity of the duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells was observed on the microvilli, the apical vacuoles and tubules, and the tubular invagination. After the 15th day, the tubulo-vacuolar system below the microvilli disappears from the duodenal and jejunal cells. Also the enzyme activity becomes localized solely on the microvillous membrane. This cytochemical pattern in the jejunum shows no change with the advance of age. Around the 23rd day, alkaline phosphatase activities of the duodenal epithelium were observed in the same sites as those in the full grown rat, i.e. on the microvilli, the lateral cell membrane, and the Golgi apparatus. During the suckling period ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase in the ileal cells can be seen in the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the tubulo-vacuolar system, and the supranuclear vacuole. At the weaning period, however, the apical tubulo vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole disappear, and all the absorptive cells in the ileal epithelium are free of reaction products as has been shown to be the case in the adult rat. PMID- 809975 TI - [Investigations of the autolysis of liver by passive electrical and thermodynamic statistical methods (author's transl)]. AB - From continuous passive-electrical measurements on autolyzing liver tissue are derived statements about the structural changes in time. In the early post mortem phase the autolysis is a cell-controled process, which suddenly goes over in an uncontroled degradation process. The changes of the uncontroled process are fitted. The results are statistically and thermodynamically interpreted by a condensation modell. The high complexity of the living resp. cell-controled system correlates to a relatively high structural entropy. PMID- 809976 TI - Histochemical studies on the distribution of some enzymes concerned with carbohydrate metabolism in the locus ceruleus, nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and nucleus n. hypoglossi of the rat. AB - Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of hexokinase, amylophosphorylase, aldolase, lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in every component of the locus ceruleus, nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and nucleus n. hypoglossi of the wistar strain rats. The locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi which are considered to be belong to "exceptional nuclei" showed mild activity in the nerve cell bodies and strong activity in the surrounding glia cell for the hexokinase reaction. But, the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and nucleus n. hypoglossi considered to be "usual nuclei" revealed strong activity in the nerve cell bodies and glia cells for the hexokinase reaction, however, glia cells did not show the tendency to surround the nerve cells in these nuclei. On the basis of the present findings, the glia cells may get their energy source from glucose in the circulating blood, and they may be energy donators to the nerve cells in the "exceptional nuclei" whereas the nerve cells may get their energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood in the "usual nuclei". The former 2 nuclei showed low level activity of succinic dehydrogenase. These findings may indicate that the locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi belong to the conception "exceptional nuclei" in this respect. However, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was dominant in the locus ceruleus, while the WARBURG-DICKENS pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt = HMP shunt) was dominant in the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi in the present study. This descrepancy may strongly suggest that the locus ceruleus is distinctly different from the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi concerning the carbohydrate metabolism, though both nuclei are involved on the same conception "exceptional nuclei". The latter 2 nuclei (the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and the nucleus n. hypoglossi) considered to be "usual nuclei" in 3 ways as that nerve cells get energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood, that the 2 nuclei are equipped with enzymes involved in the EMP pathway and the HMP shunt to the same degree, and that they are rich in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini revealed considerably variable reactions for the hexokinase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase in the present study. PMID- 809977 TI - Localization of alkaline phosphatase activity of the small intestinal microvilli in various vertebrates from mammalia to fishes. AB - The localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestinal microvilli of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in various mammalia, birds, reptilia, amphibia and fishes has been investigated and compared both by light and by electron microscopes. When the incubating medium is intravitally perfused into the small intestine of living animals, deposition of azo-dye is found on the microvilli in the epithelium. Enzyme activity in the duodenal epithelium is strong in all 14 species. No appreciable differences in phosphatase activity are found among the species. In the birds and mammalia except rat, the microvilli of the jejunal and ileal epithelium shows strong alkaline phosphatase activity. In the amphibia and fishes, the jejunal epithelium of the striated border shows weak phosphatase activity. Ileal epithelium of the reptilia, amphibia and fishes shows weak or trace activity. In the glutaraldehyde-fixed material, the phosphatase activity of the duodenum in mammalia is similar in activity to that found in the intravitally perfused animal. But no azo-dye deposit can be seen on the microvilli in the jejunum of amphibia and fishes, nor the ileum of reptilia, amphibia and fishes. Furthermore, the effect of EDTA-inhibition for alkaline phosphatase in the small intestinal surface was also viewed in glutaraldehyde fixed sections. PMID- 809978 TI - Immunohistological demonstration of insulin and glucagon in islet tissue of reptiles, amphibians and teleosts using epoxy-embedded material and antiporcine hormone sera. AB - Islet tissue from 2 reptilian, 5 amphibian and 7 teleost species was fixed in glutaraldehyde, embedded in epoxy-resin, stored for up to 3 years, cut in ultrathin sections and stained with the indirect immunofluorescent technique for insulin and glucagon following removal of the plastic. The antisera were directed against porcine insulin and glucagon, or FITC labeled and directed against the globulin fraction of the producer species. Positive results were obtained in species from all vertebrate classes investigated. Insulin demonstration in teleosts was particularly difficult. PMID- 809979 TI - [FDA-hydrolysis for the fluorometrical evidence of a cell membrane alteration in peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. AB - The enzymatic hydrolysis of fluoresceindiacetate (FDA) and the intracellular accumulation of fluorescein (fluorochromasia) by murine peritoneal macrophages were photometrically measured in cell suspensions. The intensity of fluorescence (excitation at lambda = 485 nm) was recorded by a right angel detector as a function of time, number of cells per ml, and FDA concentration, respectively. The meter response was found to be directly proportional up to the concentration of the fluorophor of 1.125 x 10(-6) M. In suspension the intensity caused by cells other than macrophages could be neglected. The rate of the fluorescein formation corresponds to the Michaelis-Menten constants (km = 8,34 x 10(-6) M.) Repeated in vivo administrations of some N-mustard benzimidazole derivatives were followed by competitive and non-competitive inhibition of the FDA-hydrolysis, respectively. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity varied, but without an concomitant adequate alteration of the non-specific (alpha-naphthyl acetate) esterase as was being measured by means of photometry of single macrophages in cell smears. Thus, this method seems to be suitable for quantitation of membrane (permeability) alteration induced experimentelly in macrophages. PMID- 809980 TI - Identification of components of immunoglobulins in senile plaques by means of fluorescent antibody technique. AB - Using a fluorescent antibody technique, sections of the brains of patients with senile dementia or Alzheimer's disease containing senile plaques were treated with rabbit antihuman immunoglobulins labelled with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate, BBL). The senile plaques and the cerebral amyloid angiopathy (drusige Entartung, Scholz, 1938) in the brains of patients with senile dementia or Alzheimer's disease showed specific fluorescence. Control sections from the brains of a girl who died from carcinoma of the stomach and of a female schizophrenic who died from lung abscess, showed only slight fluorescence in a few vessel walls. The presence of components or fragments of immunoglobulins in a senile plaques may mean that immunological factors are involved in their pathogenesis and probably also in that of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 809981 TI - Fabry's disease on the mechanism of the peripheral nerve involvement. AB - A sural nerve biopsy of a patient with Fabry's disease showed depletion of larger myelinated fibres, but smaller myelinated and unmyelinated fibres were intact. Epineurial and to a lesser degree endoneurial vessels revealed abundant lamellar inclusions in the endothelial and perithelial cells. Larger myelinated nerve fibres contained glycogen granules in the vacuoles caused by splitting of the adaxonal membranes. A skin biopsy revealed abundant inclusions in the secretory cells and myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands. The lumen of the gland was packed with inclusions like those in the vessel walls. The pain and anhydrosis might be caused by accumulation of glycolipid in the vasa nervorum and sweat glands and not by autonomic nerve involvement. PMID- 809982 TI - Effects of benzalkonium chloride upon the corneal epithelium studied with scanning electron microscopy. AB - The corneal surface of rabbits and vervet monkeys was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy after the influence of the cationic surfactant, benzalkonium chloride. The concentration of the drug was 0.02% or 0.01% and the exposure time was 2 or 4 min. The corneas treated with the drug had characteristic changes with small holes or more extensive lesions of the superficial cell membranes, and loss of microvilli or microplicae. The damage was considered to be due to the lytic effect of benzalkonium chloride upon the plasma membranes. PMID- 809983 TI - Endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. A study of 24 cases in 4,498 operations. AB - The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis in a series of 4,498 consecutive cataract operations, performed in a period of 10 years, was examined and found to equal 0.533%. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was done in two cases and revealed Staphylococcus albus to be the causative organism in both instances. Conjunctival cultures were recovered in a further 17 cases, and showed S. albus in pure culture in eight cases and in combination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteous morgani in two cases. Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in pure culture in one case, while the cultures from six other patients were negative. The role of such factors as age, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, "weak ocular tissue", and persurgical complications which predisposed to postoperative infections was examined and found to have no significance on the occurrence of endophthalmitis in the present study. The visual end results were assessed and showed a better prognosis than generally expected. Of 24 cases, five achieved good visual acuity (6/6-6/12), 13 had a useful vision (6/18-6/60), while five remained actually blind (less than 6/60). In only one case was the eye enucleated. Methods of treatment and prophylaxis are described and discussed. A total suppression or elimination of all regional bacteria at the time of surgery seems to be the logical goal. PMID- 809984 TI - Radiation treatment of retinoblastoma. AB - In a series of 45 children with retinoblastoma, from the period 1953-1973, comprising 27 bilateral cases, 32 eyes were treated by irradiation. The different techniques of radiation are reviewed. In the present series small tumours were irradiated by local application of Stallard discs or Rosengren balls, while advanced cases were treated by external radiation. The results are discussed, and it is emphasized that the major factor of importance for the success of the treatment is the size of the tumour. Small tumours are cured, large ones are not. Future efforts must be directed towards early diagnosis. The treatment should be centralized in order to secure sufficient experience for the ophthalmologist and radiotherapist, as evaluation of the post- radiation fundus findings may present difficulties. PMID- 809986 TI - Restraint in the treatment of a bowed tibia associated with neurofibromatosis. AB - A 20-year follow-up in no way suggests that an active programme of treatment could have improved this patient's function and clearly it could have resulted in much worse cosmesis. PMID- 809985 TI - Para-articular ossifications after primary prosthetic replacement ad modum Austin T. Moore. AB - This study concerns the frequency of para-articular ossifications after primary prosthetic replacement ad modum Austin T. Moore in the treatment of unstable fractures of the femoral neck. In 121 patients who were X-rayed after surgery ossifications were found in 45 per cent of the cases. Patients that preoperatively had severe coxarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis are excluded. Two thirds of the bone formations described were very small and without clinical importance. About 20 per cent of the ossifications were of a considerable size, but no clinical consequences could be demonstrated. About 12 per cent of the ossifications--6 per cent of all the patients in this study--were large, and only in this group could a compromised hip function be found. It seems as the process of ossification is limited to the first 3 postoperative months. There is a good correlation between the communications regarding ectopic bone formation after total hip replacement and the frequency found in this study. PMID- 809987 TI - Responses of peripheral vestibular neurons to angular and linear accelerations in the squirrel monkey. AB - Peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals can respond to constant linear accelerations. Evidence is presented that, in our preparation, the response is artifactual and arises from thermal gradients introduced by the surgical exposure. Otolith neurons do not respond to even intense angular accelerations. Canal plugging abolishes the response of the corresponding afferents to angular acceleration, without obviously affecting resting activity. The procedure does not prevent the canals from responding to linear accelerations. The latter response, unlike that seen in intact canals, is not due to thermal gradients and may be related to the mechanisms underlying the persistent component of barbecue nystagmus. PMID- 809989 TI - Intravenous feeding of young infants with persistent diarrhoea. AB - 42 infants with persistent diarrhoea were fed intravenously using a simplified regime based on Intralipid and an aminoacid, Fructose and ethanol solution. Peripheral veins were used for up to 56 days, and with scalp veins complications were few and minor. The use of arm and leg veins caused more frequent local problems and is not advised. Central venous lines became necessary in 5 infants, and 3 developed septicaemia. The regime was well tolerated with adequate weight gain when intake was adjusted to the infants' needs. Rates of infusion of 1 g Intralipid/kg hourly over 2 hours and up to 1 g fructose/kg hourly over 14 hours did not cause persistent lipaemia (except transiently in 2 infants) nor metabolic acidosis. Infants must be fully rehydrated with correction of acidosis and electrolyte imbalance before starting intravenous feeding, or acidosis and dehydration from osmotic diuresis may occur. Intravenous feeding should be started gradually and cautiously in severely malnourished infants, and should not be used where liver function is abnormal. PMID- 809988 TI - Optokinetic nystagmus after cerebellar uvulonodulectomy in squirrel monkeys. AB - After cerebellar uvulondulectomy in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), a change occurred in the optokinetic nystagmus, in that there was a slow-phase eye speed decline, at the stimulus speeds above 90 degrees/sec. The difference was statistically significant when pre- and post-ablative comparisons were made. This result supports the usefulness of the optokinetic nystagmus examination to diagnose conditions which involve posterior inferior vermis of vestibulo cerebellum. The optokinetic after-nystagmus depicted a similar decline postoperatively. PMID- 809991 TI - A transplantable pulmonary tumor line in mouse forming bone and chondroid tissue. AB - A spontaneous papillary adenocarcinoma was found in the lung of an A/St female mouse 20 months of age, and its transplantable line forming bone and chondroid tissue was established. The basic patterns changed from papillary adenocarcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma or a fibrosarcoma-like pattern through tubular adenocarcinoma. Osseous tissue appeared in the 1st transplant generation and increased with serial transplantations. In the 5th transplant generation, abundant osseous tissue was seen, a fibrosarcoma-like pattern became predominant and chondroid tissue appeared. Morphologically, the fibrosarcoma-like pattern was proved to be epithelial in nature. Marked alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated in the spindle-shaped tumor cells, and the activity obviously elevated in the serum of hosts bearing tumors which included more spindle-shaped cells and osseous tissues than chondroid ones. It is presumed that the osseous and chondroid tissues formed by carcinoma cells did not result from metaplasia in the strict sense of the word but rather from pseudometaplasia or metamorphosis. PMID- 809990 TI - Nutrition in low-birth-weight infants. III. Lipolysis and free fatty acid elimination after intravenous administration of fat emulsion. AB - Triglyceride linoleic acid in a fat emulsion for intravenous administration (Intralipid) was used as a marker in an evaluation of fat metabolism in newborn low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Qualitative data on fatty acids as well as quantification of triglycerides and free fatty acids were obtained by gas-liquid chromatography. Influences on these parameters after a single and after repeated injections of Intralipid revealed differences between low-birth-weight infants appropriate-for-date (AFD) (n=8) and those light-for-date (LFD) (n=5). The LFD exhibited in comparison with the AFD infants an impaired lipolysis of injected triglycerides and a retarded elimination from plasma of released free fatty acids. In LFD, in general, this resulted in triglyceride accumulation and low free fatty acid levels. Heparin facilitated plasma triglyceride lipolysis and free fatty acid elimination from the blood stream. PMID- 809992 TI - Carcinogenicity in mice of some fatty acid methyl esters. 2. Peroral and subcutaneous application. AB - Two fatty acid methyl esters, methyl oleate and methyl 12-oxo-trans-10 octadecenoate, have been tested for carcinogenicty by oral and subcutaneous administration in ST/a mice of both sexes. A positive effect of methyl oleate could not be assessed, while the results pointed to a promoter effect of methyl oxo-octadecenoate. Given in the diet, this compound increased the incidence and number of forestomach papillomas within 83 weeks after initiation by 4 nitroguinoline 1-oxide. Repeated injections of methyl oxo-octadecenoate in the inguinal area resulted in 2 local sarcomas in a group of 20 females which had previously received skin initiation by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene in the neck. In no other animal group did sarcomas appear at this location within the observation period of 2 years. An influence by the injected methyl esters on the initiated skin carcinogenesis was possibly, but weakly, present. The need for more extensive experiments is stressed, especially with a view to the possible carcinogenic hazards involved in dietary intake of oxygen-containing derivatives of oleic acid. PMID- 809993 TI - Purine metabolism in Neisseria meningitidis. 3. Utilization of exogenous hypoxanthine, guanine and xanthine. AB - Whole cells of Neisseria meningitidis have been found to utilize exogenous radioactive hypoxanthine, guanine and xanthine. When hypoxanthine was the precursor, the pools of both the adenine and the guanine 5'-ribonucleotides were labelled. Guanine and xanthine were utilized with labelling of the pool of the guanine 5'-ribonucleotides only. Crude extracts from N. meningitidis were found to have activities corresponding to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and another phosphoribosyltransferase which seems to exhibit specificity for guanine and xanthine. Crude extracts phosphorylated guanosine 5' monophosphate to guanosine 5'-triphosphate in the presence of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and MgCl2. PMID- 809994 TI - Purine metabolism in neisseria meningitidis. 4. Interconversion of purine ribonucleotides. AB - Radioactive hypoxanthine and adenine were readily incorporated into the nucleic acids (RNA + DNA) of the prototrophic strain M1 of Neisseria meningitidis with labelling of the purine bases adenine and guanine. Contrary to this, adenine was incorporated into the nucleic acids with labelling of adenine only in the purine mutant 6-1c which requires adenine and guanine for growth. Guanine was in both strains incorporated into the nucleic acids with labelling of the purine base guanine only. Crude meningococcal extracts from the prototrophic strain M1 and strain 6-1b requiring histidine, proline, adenine and guanine for growth (his pro A G) were found to have activities corresponding to adenylosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.4), adenylosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.2.), inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.14)) and guanosine 5'-phosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.5.2). This last enzyme was active also with (NH4)2SO4 as amino donor. No activity corresponding to guanosine 5'-phosphate reductase (EC 1.6.6.8) could be demonstrated in either strain. The findings show that the mutant strains 6-1b and 6-1c are both blocked between aminoimidiazolcarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICA-R) and inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP). Transformation experiments with mutants requiring adenine and guanine for growth indicate that the negative property of these mutants is due to a lesion in one genetic locus or at least in loci that are very closely linked. PMID- 809995 TI - The serology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa analysed by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. III. Reproducibility of a polyvalent P. aeruginosa reference standard-antigen. AB - The reproducibility of a polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen (St-Ag) composed of a mixture of antigens from 4 O groups of this bacterium has been studied. Ten batches of St-Ag were produced, and each of these and each of the 10 batches of antigens from the 4 strains of P. aeruginosa were compared with St-Ag batch 1 by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods and a polyvalent antiserum (St-Ab) raised against St-Ag. Fifty-three of the 55 antigens of St-Ag were stable and could be reproduced with reasonable precision in all 10 batches, and 3 of the 4 strains of P. aeruginosa were stable in antigen composition in all batches. One of the strains (0-5A) had lost 2 antigens in the last 5 batches, and the concentrations of 7 other antigens were simultaneously changed, reflecting a smooth-rough dissociation. The disappearance of the 2 antigens in the latest 5 batches of 0-5A was also reflected in similar changes in the antigen composition of the latest 5 batches of St-Ag. PMID- 809996 TI - On the function of the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin in the producer strain Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The growth of the bacitracin producing strain Bacillus licheniformis AL and the bacitracin-negative mutant SB 319 have been compared at different cultural conditions. Concentrations of the metal chelator EDTA which strongly inhibited the growth of the non-producer only slightly inhibited the growth of the bacitracin producer. The inhibitory effect of EDTA upon SB 319 was reversed by the addition of excess manganese(II)ions, cobalt(II)ions, or zinc(II)ions to the culture. The addition of several other ions had no such effect. The addition of bacitracin to the EDTA inhibited mutant also promoted growth. When the non producer was mutated back to bacitracin production, the inhibitory effect of EDTA was lost. It is suggested that bacitracin may normally promote the uptake of several trace metals during growth of the producer organism. PMID- 809997 TI - Synthesis of catecholamines in the eye after local injection of 3H-precursors. AB - The possibility that adrenaline may be synthesized locally in the eye was investigated in the rabbit and vervet monkey. L-tyrosine-3,5-3H, L-tyrosine (side chain-2,3-3H) or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (3H(G)) was injected into the anterior chamber or the vitreous. The animals were killed after 1/2 h up to 7 days in the tyrosine experiments and after 1 up to 24 h in the DOPA experiments. The synthesis of 3H-adrenaline, 3H-noradrenaline and 3H-dopamine was measured with a modified version of a double isotope technique for determination of catecholamines. No 3H-adrenaline was found. An attempt to stimulate the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity with a glucocorticoid and to inhibit the metabolism of catecholamines with a monoaminoxidase inhibitor also failed to demonstrate 3H-adrenaline synthesis. 3H-noradrenaline was found in all experiments when 3H-DOPA had been given. The amounts were about 10 times higher after injection into the anterior chamber than after injection into the vitreous. 3H-dopamine was found in all except a few experiments after 3H-DOPA injection. The highest amounts were found after injection into the vitreous. In experiments with 3H-tyrosine we were unable to demonstrate any catecholamine synthesis. This prompts the question of whether tyrosine-hydroxylase may be absent in the eyes of certain animal species. PMID- 809999 TI - Prognostic value of thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in endogenous depression. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were performed in 19 patients with endogenous depression before treatment and when they had apparently recovered following antidepressive treatment. An increase in the maximal serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to TRH of more than 2.0 muU/ml was found in all of ten patients who did not relapse, while such an increase was found in only one of nine patients who did relapse within 6 months. I. e., a correct prognosis was possible in 94.7% (95% confidence limits 74.0 - 99.9%). Through significant changes were found in serum thyroxin (T4), free T4 index, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 index, these findings were of no prognostic value. PMID- 809998 TI - The permeability of fish gills with comments on the osmotic behaviour of cellular membranes. AB - The permeability of eel gills to ions, lipid-soluble and -insoluble substances has been measured under steady-state conditions. The results obtained support the multi-pathway model for transcapillary transport (Stray-Pedersen and Steen 1975). The gills are 25 times more permeable to THO than to Na+ or K+. Metabolic inhibitors do not affect the transfer of substances across the gills. Exposure to EDTA or MS-222 changes the permeability properties to resemble those of an aquous barrier. The gills are 10 times less water permeable than the capillaries of the rete mirabile. PMID- 810000 TI - Metrizamide-phenothiazine interaction. Report of a case with seizures following myelography. AB - One single clinical complication of grand mal seizures in conjunction with the subarachnoid administration of the new non-ionic contrast medium metrizamide is reported in a patient who had been taking chlorpromazine. An interaction between the contrast medium and phenothiazine derivatives is considered probable. PMID- 810001 TI - Neurologic complications after irradiation of the cervical spinal cord for malignant tumour of the head and neck. AB - A total of 165 patients with tumours of the head and neck were irradiated via fields including the entire cervical portion of the spinal cord. Eight patients (4.8 per cent) developed mild reversible signs of radiation myelitis. Only one of these cases was found among the 44 patients who received a dose to the spinal cord of over 5 000 rad via fields of less than 16 cm in length; 7 cases were patients with Hodgkin's disease who were given up to 3 700 rad via mantle fields. A survey of previous reports on transverse spinal lesions provoked by irradiation revealed a possibility of overdosage in several cases, and dose tolerance limits mentioned previously should accordingly be applied with caution. PMID- 810003 TI - Inhibitors produced by algae as an ecological factor affecting bacteria in water ecosystems. I. Dependence between phytoplankton and bacteria development. AB - Studies were conducted on the eutrophic Mikolajskie Lake in the Mazurian Lake District. Over the period of investigation three maxima of the development of phytoplankton were observed: in the spring, summer and autumn. During the algal blooms the total number of bacteria in the lake strongly decreased and was between several and a dozen time smaller than between blooms. The decrease in the total number of bacteria in water and the elimination of gram positive bacteria during the algal blooms is most probably caused by the production by the algae of substances inhibiting bacterial development. PMID- 810002 TI - Variation of percentage depth dose with beam area of 43 MV roentgen ray beam from a betatron. AB - The central axis percentage depth dose of a 43 MV roentgen ray beam from a betatron, is found to decrease with increasing beam area at depths more than the depth of maximum dose build-up. At depths less than the depth of maximum dose build-up, a reverse trend is seen. This type of variation of central axis percentage depth dose with beam area is found due to the presence of extraneous radiation originating in the field flattening filter (compensator) and the collimator of the betatron. PMID- 810004 TI - Establishment of ethanol as a reinforcer for rhesus monkeys via the oral route: initial results. PMID- 810005 TI - Hepatic and metabolic effects of ethanol on rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were tube-fed 100 calories per kg of a liquid diet based on casein in which 41% of the calories were derived from grain alcohol. The alcohol intake was 5.8 g per kg per day. Control diets contained isocaloric amounts of glucose. The protein content of the diet was 15% and fat supplied 21% of the calories. After 28 days the animals which had been fed ethanol developed hepatic fatty change and serum L.D.H. levels were elevated. The most striking electron microscopic changes in the alcohol animals were mitochondrial swelling, focal cytoplasmic degradation, and dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the monkeys which had received ethanol the metabolism of alcohol increased from 17.4 mg per 100 ml per hour to 26.6 mg and antipyrene half-life decreased from 61.0 minutes to 49.9 minutes. The carbohydrate animals showed no significant change in alcohol metabolism or antipyrene half life. The ethanol animals lost weight significantly while the carbohydrate animals gained significantly. The metabolic effects of alcohol thus were not reproduced by glucose. Administration of phenobarbital at 30 mg per kg for 5 days increased alcohol metabolism from 16.5 mg per hour to 22.5 mg per hour and shortened antipyrene half life from 76.5 minutes to 33.6 minutes. Alcohol and phenobarbital both induced enhanced drug metabolism but alcohol was a more powerful inducer of its own metabolism than phenobarbital. Phenobarbital on the other hand was a better inducer of antipyrene metabolism than alcohol. PMID- 810006 TI - Senescence and vascular disease. PMID- 810007 TI - [Nonvisual control of eye movements]. PMID- 810009 TI - The value of the glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde tests in evaluation of the globulin level in bovine blood. PMID- 810008 TI - [Retinal reactions to intense light. I. Threshold lesions. Experimental, morphological and clinical studies of pathological and therapeutic effects of laser and white light]. AB - The effects of intense light produced by an argon laser, a helium-neon laser and a xenon are photocoagulator in the retinas of gray chinchilla rabbits, cynomolgus monkeys, and rhesus monkeys were studied clinically and histopathologically including electron microscopy. An improved experimental set-up was used allowing a very good consistency of the inflicted lesions. Threshold lesions were produced in chinchilla rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys by an argon laser and a helium-neon laser. The lesions were evaluated ophthalmoscopically and histograms were drawn indicating ophthalmoscopic ED50 values. For the two lasers examined these values were 12 and 17 mW, respectively, for exposure durations in the range of the blink reflex (125-150 msec). Histopathologically, ophthalmoscopic threshold lesions of both laser types showed evidence of thermal damage of the outer retinal half. This damage was principally identical in both species involving the retinal pigment epithelium and the full extension of the photoreceptor cells up to their synapses within the outer plexiform layer. The ophthalmoscopic threshold value was associated, therefore, with an irreversible loss of visual function within the retinal area concerned. No evidence for primary sites of significant energy absorption within the neural retina was found. The width of ophthalmoscopic threshold lesions was determined by measuring within the histologic sections with a microscope and a calibrated graticule the extension of damage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium and at the level of the outer nuclear layer. In the cynomolgus monkey for ophthalmoscopic argon laser threshold lesions the extension at the level of the RPE was 70-80 mum in diameter and at the level of the outer nuclear layer it was 40-50 mum in diameter. Laser lesions that had a diameter of 60 mum at the level of the RPE and of 30 mum at the level of the outer nuclear layer were ophthalmoscopically subvisible. It is concluded that probably also in man such laser lesions, as well as various other pathologic changes of this size or smaller, cannot be evaluated by clinical ophthalmoscopy. The ophthalmoscopic threshold was correlated with a histopathologic threshold as defined by minimal histopathologic damage. Very likely, such damage lies within the range of functional recovery, and the histopathologic threshold demarcates at the same time the decisive functional threshold. The conversion ratio between histopathologic-functional and ophthalmoscopic threshold for argon lesions in cynomolgus monkeys was somewhat greater than 3, e.i. the ophthalmoscopic threshold was more than 3 times higher than the histopathologic-functional threshold. Using this data together with additional biologic and optical considerations, a safety threshold for man for cw-lasers within the visible spectrum was estimated to be 1-2 mW. PMID- 810010 TI - Immunochemical quantitation of pig transferrin by single radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 810011 TI - Differentiation of cross-reacting antibodies against brucella abortus and yersinia enterocolitica by electroimmuno assay. PMID- 810012 TI - [The value and safety of disodium chromoglycate in asthma]. AB - Disodium cromoglycate has been shown experimentally and by clinical trials to be a useful addition to available treatment for asthma. Follow jp studies have shown no loss of effect with continuous use. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment is used less, resulting in benefits in the overall safety of treatment. Studies of patients treated for more than three years continuously have failed to show evidence of toxic effects. The greatest dangers associated with cromoglycate are failure of some patients to continue treatment as instructed and the possibility of temporary loss of effect during acute attacks of asthma when no inhaled treatment can be effective and systemic treatment is essential. The method of action of disodium cromoglycate is the stabilisation of mast cells resulting in a less ready release of mediator substances, thus causing a reduced asthmatic response. This protective effect could not be obtained after challenge, but it is present if the drug was inhaled prior to challenge. Disodium cromoglycate has been shown experimentally and by clinical trials to be a useful addition to available treatment for asthma. Follow up studies have shown no loss of effect with continuous use. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment is used less, resulting in benefits in the overall safety of treatment. Studies of patients treated for more than three years continuously have failed to show evidence of toxic effects. The greatest dangers associated with cromoglycate are failure of some patients to continue treatment as instructed and the possibility of temporary loss of effect during acute attacks of asthma when no inhaled treatment can be effective and systemic treatment is essential. A study carried out on 242 children showed that 65% clearly benefited from cromoglycate and 57 out of 96 who were on continuous steroid therapy were able to discontinue the steroid treatment. Recently, 998 patients treated with cromoglycate were reviewed for evidence of toxic effects. The most serious side effects observed were hoarse voice due to larynx irritation caused by the inhaled powder, clearing up after discontinuation of the drug. Severe cases of asthma controlled with cromoglycate or any toher inhaled therapy may experience relapses, which could be managed by a prompt systemic treatment. PMID- 810013 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption of organic nitrates. PMID- 810015 TI - Histophysiological evidence for the secretion of polypeptides by the pineal gland. AB - Histophysiological examinations of the bovine and monkey pineal gland indicate that this organ may be involved in the secretion of polypeptides. Using various histochemical procedures designed to identify peptide-secreting cells, granules and/or droplets of presumptive secretory product were identified within cellular processes, within the walls of blood vessels and associated with multilayered corpuscles (corpora arenacea). In bovine pineal tissue, the stained material was found most often in what appeared to be pinealocyte processes, as perivascular granules and associated with multilayered corpuscles. In the monkey pineal the stainable material was more distinct; this was probably due to the earlier fixation of the glands after death of the animals. In this species, the presumptive secretory material was found in nerve fibers, occasionally in glial cell and pinealocyte processes and within and around the walls of capillaries. In nerve fibers, the stained material sometimes resembled Herring bodies of the posterior pituitary gland. Similar material appeared to be located in capillary endothelial cells and within multilayered corpuscles. In pineal tissue of both species, calcium was detectable histochemically within multilayered corpuscles. Although tinctorially different, the presumptive neurosecretory material was similar to that found in the posterior pituitary gland. As a working hypothesis, we propose that polypeptides may be released from cells in conjunction with a carrier protein and that the mechanism of secretion of the polypeptide into the vascular system may involve its exchange for calcium. The calcium is then theoretically deposited in the multilayered corpuscles. PMID- 810014 TI - Inverse prominence of ependyma and capillaries in the spinal cord of vertebrates: a comparative histochemical study. AB - Spinal cords of 15 species representing six classes of vertebrates and the protochordate amphioxus were examined with histochemical methods for esterase, ATPase, LDH, PAS, and PAS-phosphorylase. Ependymal and glial cell processes were demonstrated and resembled heavy metal impregnations. Capillaries also were shown. The prominence of glycogen-rich ependymal structures in the spinal cord of nonmammalian vertebrates, and the increase in intramedullary blood vessels in placental mammals, suggest an inverse relationship between the relative development of the ependyma and of the blood supply. The marsupial opossum has sparseness of both ependyma and capillaries, but exhibits an extensive pattern of branched glial processes in both white and gray matter. PMID- 810016 TI - Fine structural observations on hemopoiesis in the chorioallantoic placenta of the marmoset. AB - Hemopoietic sinuses in the chorionic trabeculae of marmoset placenta were examined electron microscopically at several stages of pregnancy. Tissues were prepared both by standard technique and following injection of exogenous peroxidase into the maternal circulation prior to autopsy, and subsequent cytochemical localization of its reaction product in the fetal placenta. Aside from their dilated size and cellular content, the sinuses resembled the allantoic capillaries of the peripheral umbilical circulation in this species; and in early and midgestational placentas, sinusal lumina, differentiating elements in the erythroid line were present in placentas at all stages. Such cells appeared to arise both by a process of proliferation of undifferentiated progenitors from the sinusal lining and by mitosis of pre-existing erythroid cells. Only the latter process was observed in the mature placenta near term. Granulopoiesis was not observed at any stage; on the other hand, cells in the thromboid line were identified in placentas believed to be near midgestation; and large intrasinusal phagocytes were present in both midgestational and late placentas. In the latter, they were seen to have endocytosed peroxidase, and, by tenuous, dendriform processes, to be related anatomically to large numbers of erythroid cells. Early in gestation, the developing erythroid elements were closely related by areas of contact, both to each other and to the delimiting endothelium of the sinuses. PMID- 810017 TI - The development of primordial and definitive amniotic cavities in early Rhesus monkey and human embryos. AB - Re-examination of early rhesus monkey and human embryos in the collection of the Carnegie Institution of Washington suggests that the mechanism of amniogenesis in both is basically similar to that of the hedgehog and vespertilionid bats. A primordial amniotic cavity develops by cavitation within the embryonic mass of 10 day rhesus monkey, and 7-day human, blastocysts. This primordial cavity has no relationship initially with the overlying trophoblast, contrary to earlier reports. Subsequently, there is a thinning and peripheral spreading of the epiblastic roof of the primordial cavity, resulting in partial opening of the roof and formation of a slightly cupped embryonic disc. The resulting space is not homologous with the primordial amniotic cavity; instead, it is a transitory tropho-epiblastic cavity. The definitive amniotic epithelium forms by the upfolding and mitotic proliferation of the margins of the epiblastic disc; this process is completed in 11-day rhesus, and 9-day human, blastocysts. Amniogenesis by cavitation is associated with the persistence of polar trophoblast following implantation, and it is suggested that this cavitation process may be essential for providing a free epithelial surface for the morphogenetic movement of epiblastic cells during subsequent formation of the primitive streak. PMID- 810019 TI - Latrogenic lipidosis following prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - Intralipid was used as the main source of calories in the long-term therapy of a patient with severe nutritional failure and cachexia. The treatment was tolerated well for 64 days. The patient died of sepsis after a second therapeutic course which lasted 16 days adn was preceded by an impairment in liver function apparently related to starvation. At autopsy, free fat droplets and extreme foamy swelling of the cytoplasm of the reticuloendothelial cells were found in all examined organs. These findings constitute an unusual example of iatrogenic lipidosis. It is suggested that caution be exerted in the administration of Intralipid to patients with impaired liver function and that serum lipids be maintained regularly during therapy. PMID- 810018 TI - Cellular immunity in semistarved states in hospitalized adults. AB - Adult protein-calorie malnutrition, as reflected by decreased levels of serum albumin and transferrin, was studied in 21 hospitalized patients. This malnutrition state was a consequence of a catabolic response to stress and also use of standard parenteral fluid maintenance with 5% dextrose and water. Associated findings included a significant reduction in both total lymphocytes and cellular immunity, as measured by dinitrochlorobenzene and Candida skin testing. This state of visceral attrition, resembling kwashiorkor, occurs commonly in hospitalized patients, and may account for significant morbidity and mortality. Alternatives to the 5% dextrose and water in the nutritional support of the semistarved state may allow better preservation of visceral protein status and immune function. PMID- 810020 TI - Nutritional and environmental factors affecting gestation length in rhesus monkeys. AB - Forty-five pregnancies in rhesus monkeys maintained in a semioutdoor environment and fed about 1, 2, or 4 g of protein/kilogram of body weight each day in otherwise equivalent diets were observed. The 4-g diet shortened gestation 8.5 days. Male infants were carried 6 days longer than females; part of difference can be attributed to their greater birthweight. Summer conception produced longer gestation than did winter conception. Large mothers carried their infants slightly longer than small ones. PMID- 810021 TI - Infections in cancer patients on a protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program. AB - A total of 102 studies were conducted on 89 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy while on a protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program. Major infections occurred during 22 studies. The majority of both minor and major infections originated during the first five weeks after the patients entered the protected environment units. The frequency of infectious complications was inversely related to the circulating neutrophil count. The majority of infections were cases of cellulitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia and septicemia. Most of the infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli. The majority of organisms causing infection had persisted in the patients after their entry into the protected environment units despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 810022 TI - Multiple myeloma in a patient with sickel cell anemia. Interacting effects on blood viscosity. AB - Described here is a case of multiple myeloma in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Viscometric studies were made by comparing the patient's whole blood, plasma and washed red blood cells with those of a normal control subject and a patient with sickle cell anemia. Results showed that the increased viscosity of the patient's whole blood as compared with that of the control patient with sickle cell anemia was mainly due to erythrocytic interaction with the circulating abnormal immunoglobulin. It is postulated that the increased frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis that occurred in our patient in the months before the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma, was due to this cell protein interaction with the resulting enhancement of whole blood viscosity and the sickling phenomena. PMID- 810023 TI - Fetal and maternal risks associated with intrauterine transfusion procedures. AB - Continuing follow-up observations and study of information as derived from a large cohort of fetal recipients of intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is utilized to provide estimates of maternal and fetal risks associated with the transfusion procedures, subsequent maternal complications of the pregnancy, and the health, intelligence, and behavior of the erythroblastotic recipient. The upper limit of risk of the procedure is estimated to be 7.2 per cent. Fourteen per cent of hydropic fetuses survived through the perinatal period as compared with 47 per cent of nonhydropic fetuses. One infant developed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) at age 4 1/2 years. The IUT survivors showed a marked correlation among the frequencies of abnormalities in the three areas measured: physical, intellectual, and social maturity. Only about 50 per cent were considered normal in these parameters of health. Maternal complications were observed in only 2 per cent of the cases. PMID- 810024 TI - Development of a steerable hysteroscope: studies in the baboon. AB - A steerable fiberoptic hysteroscope was developed with an integrated fluid circulatory system and a channel that can be used either for operative procedures or for the passage of a uterotubal occlusive device delivery assembly. The hysteroscope was demonstrated to be a safe and practical instrument for intrauterine observations, using the baboon as the animal model. Postpartum baboons were used for a majority of the experiments since the cervix of most cycling animals could not be sufficiently dilated to permit hysteroscope insertion. Estrogen-progesterone treatment resulted in softening of the cervix enough to allow hysteroscopic examination in 66 per cent of the animals so treated. Hysteroscopy was performed on 18 baboons. In almost all cases the uterotubal junctions were visualized and appeared as small slits or depressions. Measurements of the mean uterine length, fundal width, normal cervical diameter, and the diameter to which the cervix can maximally be dilated are reported for cycling, hormone-treated, and postpartum baboons. PMID- 810025 TI - The current status of prostaglandins as abortifacients. AB - The present use and potential uses of prostaglandins as abortifacients are summarized. Pertinent history, chemistry, prostaglandins' possible role in physiologic and pathologic processes and pharmacologic actions are discussed. The results of natural prostaglandins and their analogues by systemic and intrauterine administration for the purposes of postcoital contraception, menstrual regulation, first- and second-trimester abortion, preoperative dilation of the cervix, and delivery of patients with death in utero are presented. The only approved method of induction of abortion with prostaglandins, prostaglandin F2alpha by the intra-amniotic route for the induction of midtrimester abortion, is evaluated and compared to other methods of midtrimester abortion. It was concluded that: (1) the present use of prostaglandins is an important addition to the obstetrician's armamentarium, (2) more effective and/or convenient methods that are useful in patients over a wider gestational age appear to have been defined, and (3) the routine use of prostaglandins for postcoital contraception, menstrual regulation, and first-trimester abortion will require the development of analogues that are more specific as to their abortifacient actions than the natural prostaglandins and/or the development of improved delivery systems. PMID- 810026 TI - Fetal ingestion and metabolism of amniotic fluid protein. AB - Fetal swallowing, digestion, and utilization of amniotic fluid protein were studied in near-term rhesus monkeys in which 35S-protein, synthesized biologically from 35S-methionine, was injected into the amniotic sac. The half time of the injected protein in amniotic fluid was 1.1 days, a figure consistent with findings of others that fetal swallowing represents the principal mechanism of clearance of amniotic fluid protein. On delivery at timed intervals up to 7 days after injection, evidence of progressive proteolysis along the fetal alimentary tract was found. The amnio acids liberated from protein hydrolysis were apparently utilized in protein synthesis in the gut wall as well as absorbed in fetal plasma, where they equilibrated rapidly with maternal plasma and amniotic fluid. Maximal amino acid radioactivity in these three compartments occurred 3 days after injection and was followed 1 day later by maximal fetal plasma protein radioactivity. Incorporation into protein of amino acids absorbed after hydrolysis was found in fetal lung, liver, skeletal muscle, and brain. The results indicate that ingested amniotic fluid protein undergoes proteolysis in the fetal alimentary tract and the amino acids thus made available are utilized in protein synthesis by the developing fetus. While this mechanism can provide only a relatively minor proportion (estimated at 10 to 15 per cent) of fetal nitrogen requirements, it may represent an important aspect physiologically by preparing the fetus for extrauterine nutrition. Moreover, the use of intra amniotic nutrition as a mode of fetal therapy, while speculative at present, offers possibilities for the furture. PMID- 810027 TI - In vivo aspects of progesterone distribution and metabolism. AB - The end-organ response of any hormone is the result of many factors which precede the event, including biosynthesis, secretion, transport, distribution, and metabolism. These factors vary among different species. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of progesterone varies between 40 and 180 L./day/Kg. in man (60 to 70), monkey (40 to 50), rabbit (55 to 60), sheep (110), rat (120), and guinea pig (180). Major sites of clearance include liver, brain, and uterus. Specific metabolites of progesterone include 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alphaOHP) and alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione (5 alpha-DPH). Liver, brain, and uterine clearances, extractions, and conversions of progesterone to these metabolites have been studied in various species under apparent steady-state conditions. A specific hormone action of progesterone, the appearance of uteroglobin in the rabbit uterus, has also been studied in varying horomonal states (estrogen, estrogen plus progesterone, and progesterone alone). These have all been used as examples of progesterone distribution and metabolism. PMID- 810029 TI - Glial cell proliferation in retinal detachment (massive periretinal proliferation). AB - In experimental retinal detachment of the owl monkey we observed the formation of preretinal and subretinal membranes which had cellular connections to the retina proper. Based on light microscopic findings we concluded that retinal cells grow out of the retina and build up the preretinal and subretinal tissue. Electron microscopically these cells are identified as astrocytes which grow out through focal interruptions in the internal or external limiting membrane. In the immediate area of outgrowth Muller cell processes praticipate in the formation of the preretinal or subretinal tissue. These glial membranes can cause wrinkling of the internal limiting membrane and the nerve fiber layer or full-thickness folding of the retina. Glial proliferation plays an important role in the development of a complication in retinal detachment which we suggest calling "massive periretinal proliferation" (MPP). PMID- 810028 TI - The effects of laser photocoagulation in the retinal capillaries. AB - Using ruby and argon lasers, we produced multiple lesions on normal rhesus monkey retinas. The clinically used energy levels of both lasers produced identical cellular changes in the retina. Neither laser directly produced obliteration of capillaries. However, after the cellular damage in each burn lesion was repaired, we observed delayed degeneration of capillaries in a small segment at the burned areas. The marked reduction of active retinal cells that reduce vascular activity may beneficially affect laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The retinal tissue appears to have excessive photoreceptor cells and the horizontal connection of other cells seems to compensate for visual function after loss of many photoreceptor cells. We demonstrated severe damage in the ganglion cells by argon laser when it was aimed at the thick blood films in the vitreous cavity. Certain precautions must be taken when peripapillary neovascularization is treated by laser beam. PMID- 810030 TI - The blood-aqueous barrier in five species. AB - The in vivo sites of the blood-aqueous barrier were determined in five animal species, using acriflavine neutral (224 mol. wt.), ultrafreezing and drying, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorometry. Not toxic, acriflavine had specific in vivo affinity for nuclear DNA and RNA, produced intense fluorescence, and did not pass through hematic barriers. Acriflavine was given in doses to produce the same concentrations in the systemic blood or in the aqueous humor. The exact sites of the blood-aqueous barrier, demonstrated by tracing the acriflavine fluorescence through tissues and individual cells, were in the basal cell membranes of inner ciliary and iridial epithelia and apical cell membranes of iridial and corneal endothelia. Acriflavine passed freely from the aqueous humor into the blood stream. It also followed an aqueous flow into the vitreous body and optic nerve head vessels. Interruption or reversal of this flow may cause open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 810031 TI - Letter: Nitrous oxide anesthesia with gas in the vitreous cavity. PMID- 810032 TI - Animal model of human disease. Bacillary dysentery, shigellosis, Shigella dysentery. Animal model: Monkey shigellosis or dysentery. PMID- 810033 TI - Animal model of human disease. GMi-gangliosidosis type II. Animal model: Bovine GMi-gangliosidosis, cerebrospinal lipidosis of Friesian cattle. PMID- 810034 TI - The functional adaptations of primate molar teeth. AB - Measurements were taken on the upper and lower molars of 37 species of primates and one tupaiid to assess the relative importance of shearing, crushing and grinding features. Significant correlations were found between pairs of allometrically standardized dimensions which measure the same molar function (shearing, crushing, or grinding). Correlations between pairs of dimensions which do not measure the same function are not significant. Second molar adaptations for shearing, crushing, and grinding, as well as the length of the second lower molar, and the total surface of the post-canine dentition are negatively allometric with respect to metabolic rate. Species which take different proportions of fruit, leaves, and insects in their diets have different molar structure. Frugivores have small teeth for their adult body size with poorly developed shearing, crushing, and grinding features on their molars. By contrast, leaf-eating species tend to have large teeth for their adult body size with well developed shearing, crushing, and grinding. The second molars of insectivorous species were found to parallel closely those of leaf-eating species. The two groups are clearly distinguishable from the former on the basis of body size alone: the smallest living primate leaf-eater is on order of magnitude larger than the largest living primate insectivore. PMID- 810035 TI - The application of biomechanical motion analysis to aspects of green monkey (Cercopithecus a. sabaeus) locomotion. AB - A cinematographic method of biomechanical motion analysis is presented which permits the determination of body segment forces and joint moments of force, and thereby dominant muscle action. An analysis of the horizontal leap of Cercopithecus is used as an example of the utility of this approach in the area of functional morphology. Kinematic and kinetic data are presented and discussed in terms of the biomechanical requirements of this form of locomotion. The importance of a consideration of inertial as well as gravitational forces in an analysis of positional behavior involving body motion is stressed. PMID- 810037 TI - A new pelvic fragment from Swartkrans and the relationship between the robust and gracile australopithecines. AB - A recently discovered hominid pelvic fragment from Swartkrans (SK 3155) is described in detail with particular reference to the relationship of the two presently recognized forms of australopithecines in South Africa. Results of this examination and metrical analysis indicate that the acetabulum and iliac blade of the early hominids are similar to Homo sapiens except for a unique pattern of traits: a relatively small sacral articular surface, a relatively small acetabulum, a relatively large iliac fossa, and wide lateral splaying of the iliac blades. The new Swartkrans fossil expresses these traits more strongly than does the gracile australopithecine (Sts 14) and is therefore somewhat less similar to Homo sapiens but it is very unlike any pongid. PMID- 810036 TI - Amylase iso-enzymes in primates of the families Lemuridae, Cebidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae and Pongidae. AB - This paper presents the first data in the alpha-amylase iso-enzymes in primates of the families: Lemuridae, Cebidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae and Pongidae. By means of agar-gel electrophoresis of urine samples from 33 individuals belonging to ten species of the above mentioned families a total of 14 different variants of amylase heterogeneity were found. PMID- 810038 TI - Multivariate analysis of early hominid pelvic bones. AB - Multivariate analyses of the acetabular and iliac parts of fossil hominid and extant hominoid pelvic bones show that (1) the best preserved fossil from Swartkrans (SK 3155) is more similar to the Sterkfontein pelvis (Sts 14) than either fossil is to any extant hominoid species; (2) of the living hominoids, all of the fossils are closer to modern Homo sapiens than to the apes; and (3) the robust and gracile forms of South African australopithecines are somewhat different from one another, the gracile form falling nearer to Homo sapiens, but neither form demonstrably closer to the pongids. PMID- 810040 TI - A case of petit-mal status: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - The author describes a case in which the "crazy" behavior of a woman with petit mal status (PMS) was initially misinterpreted in an emergency room situation. The diagnosis of PMS was confirmed by electroencephalography. The author notes the need to consider the possibility of this diagnosis when there is a history of seizures in conjunction with an altered state of consciousness. PMID- 810039 TI - A-B-O and Rh affinities between highland and lowland Quechua-speaking Peruvian populations. AB - According to the accounts of the Spanish chronicles and various historical analyses the Quechua-speaking population inhabiting the Province of Lamas in the Eastern Tropical Lowlands of Peru are descendants of the Chanca Tribes that migrated from the highlands about 500 years ago. The results of the present study indicate that in terms of the A-B-O and Rh systems the lowland Quechua-speaking population from the Province of Lamas and the highland Quechua population from the Province of Junin are more similar to each other than to other tropical tribes. Therefore, it is quite possible that the present lowland Quechua-speaking population from the Province of Lamas may be descendants of Andean populations. PMID- 810041 TI - Arterial dilator-shunt for use in carotid artery fibromuscular hyperplasia. PMID- 810043 TI - Reductive dehydrohalogenation of beta-halogenated fatty acids and stereoselective hydrogenation of alpha-halogenated alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids by Clostridium kluyveri. PMID- 810042 TI - Melanogenesis in the pigment epithelium of chicken embryos. I. Topogenesis of pigment in the iris anlage. AB - The iris anlage of 2-10 and 15 days old chicken embryos were studied histochemically, and by both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic serial sections showed that pigmentation began at the outer layer of the posterior eye pole and progressed from there forwards to the optic cup margin. The entire outer layer of the optic cup as well as the pupillary margin were completely pigmented by the 4th day of incubation. By the 10th day the posterior iris epithelium was totally pigmented. Electron microscopical studies showed that the first premelanosomes appeared at about the 3rd day of incubation in the anterior iris anlage with the exception of the pupillary margin. It could be shown that melanogenesis progressed through the following steps: premelanosomes, followed by tyrosinase activity in a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GERL) and small vesicles and finally differentiation of the melanosomes. The possible origin of the premelanosomes and the formation of melanin are discussed. PMID- 810044 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by propargylamine: structure of the inhibitor complex. PMID- 810045 TI - Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by microorganisms. PMID- 810046 TI - Biosynthesis of ribonucleic acids. PMID- 810047 TI - Asymmetric membranes: preparation and applications. PMID- 810048 TI - Nonenzymatic simulation of nitrogenase reactions and the mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation. PMID- 810049 TI - Microencapsulation. PMID- 810050 TI - Stable pyrazolium betaines by addition of 1,1-dialkyl-hydrazines to acetylenecarboxylic esters. PMID- 810051 TI - Prevalence of gram-negative rods in the normal pharyngeal flora. AB - We obtained throat cultures from 100 randomly selected people free from any chronic upper or lower respiratory disease who did not work in a hospital and who had not experienced any acute illness or received any antibacterial therapy in the 4 weeks preceding culture. Eighteen percent harbored either a species of Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their pharynx. In all cases, colony counts were low, the majority being detected in broth media selective for Gram-negative rods. There were no clear-cut age or sex distributions of Gram negative pharyngeal carriage. These data imply that, in at least some cases, isolation of Gram-negative rods from sputum of untreated patients may be a normal finding, and that in some patients with pulmonary infection, the pretreatment, upper respiratory tract flora may serve as the source of subsequent superinfection with Gram-negative rods. PMID- 810052 TI - Letter: Occurrence of celiac sprue in a patient with Fabry's disease. PMID- 810053 TI - Editorial: Emergency services and drug abuse. PMID- 810054 TI - Letter: Coronary care. PMID- 810055 TI - Laser excitation of fluorescent copolymerized immunoglobulin beads. AB - A pulsed laser microfluorometric system is a practical proposition. The narrow line of excitation makes filter quality less important. Because bleaching does not occur, reliable measurements and reexcitation of preparations for control purposes are feasible. PMID- 810056 TI - Detection of immunoglobulins in skin of bullous dermatoses with a super-sandwich technique. PMID- 810057 TI - Comparative study of membrane and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin classes in human lymphoid cells. AB - Immunofluorescent and "in vitro" biosynthetic techniques have been used to study the connections between the maturation process of human lymphocytes that leads to the appearance of actively secreting cells and a possible switchover from IgD to IgM production, both in homogeneous CLL cell populations and in heterogeneous cell suspensions from tonsils. The results obtained are compatible with the hypothesis that the switchover from IgD to IgM productions can be a clonal maturation phenomenon. PMID- 810058 TI - Membrane-associated immunoglobulin determinants on bone marrow and blood lymphocytes in the pediatric age group and on fetal tissues. AB - Lymphocytes from bone marrow and blood of infants and children and from various tissues of seven fetuses between 13 and 25 weeks of gestational age were studied by immunofluorescence for the presence of membrane-associated immunoglobulins. Cells with mu and delta determinants prevailed, and these immunoglobulins were usually present on the same cell. The bone marrow specimens of all age groups contained more mu-positive cells without delta determinants than did the samples from the peripheral blood. Such mu(+)delta(-) cells were also found in tissues of young fetuses. These cells were postulated to represent the first stage of B cells displaying Ig receptors. Other tests with double staining showed that cells with delta determinants, but without the presence of other H chains, are rare, if they exist at all. This finding supports the idea that the role of IgD could be one of regulation of antibody secretion rather than of antibody activity. The number of cells that displayed alpha determinants was first observed to rise after birth, and only in the bone marrow, where it reached an average maximum of 16%. The relative number of such cells in the blood never exceeded a few percent. PMID- 810059 TI - Methodologic aspects of routine procedures for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by immunofluorescence. PMID- 810060 TI - Studies on defined immunofluorescence in clinical immunopathology. I. Comparisons of chessboard titrations with IgG polymer particles and with indirect immunofluorescence systems. PMID- 810061 TI - B and T lymphocytes in certain varieties of dermatitis. PMID- 810062 TI - Demonstration of circulating antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 810063 TI - Clinical study of the safety of a fluorescein-anesthetic solution. PMID- 810064 TI - [Study of a series of 461 carcinomas of the esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 810065 TI - Syndrome of the defective lysosome--the genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - The genetic mucopolysaccharidoses represent the group of disorders recognized in the early 1900's. In half a century, it was recognized that these were disorders of polyanionic macromolecules known as glycosaminoglycans. Within the past five years, these disorders have been identified as prototypes of lysosomal diseases, are a genetically heterogeneous group and this heterogeneity is recognizable in in vitro systems. Finally, these disorders represent prototypes for the development of methods of enzyme replacement therapy. PMID- 810066 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: an immune disease in search of an etiology. AB - The current knowledge of the immunologic and etiologic factors which play a role in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed and extrapolated to the systemic effects of rheumatoid disease. The disease process is viewed as the incidental result of an atypical immuno-inflammatory mechanism initiated by an unidentified antigenic stimulus. PMID- 810067 TI - [Genetic study of GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff) by the study of the hexosaminidases of the Sandhoff-rodents hybrids (mouse and hamster)]. AB - The electrophoretic pattern of human fibroblast extracts displays three bands (cathode to anode) of hexosaminidase: Hex B, Hex A, Hex C in normal strains, only one B band in Tay-Sachs strains, and only one C band in Sandhoff strains. The author's observations on rodent-Sandhoff cellular hybrids agree with the hypothesis made by others: Hex B = (beta beta)n; Hex A = (alpha beta)n; and Hex B = (alpha alpha) n. The mutation occurred in the alpha chain in Tay-Sachs disease and in the beta chain in Sandhoff disease. When mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) is present, and therefore Hex C because of the well known MPI - Hex C synteny, a new hexosaminidase band called "Hex A fast" is seen in Sandhoff-hamster hybrids, while a "Hex A like" band is seen in Sandhoff-mouse hybrids. Both bands are absent from parental cells. It is suggested that "Hex A fast" and "Hex A like" are human-rodent hybrid hexosaminidases: "Hex A fast" = (alpha beta')n; "Hex A like" = (alpha beta's)n with the assumption that hamster HB' = (beta' beta')n and mouse Hex B'S = (beta's beta's)n. The specific anti Hex A = anti (alpha beta); the non-specific anti Hex A = anti Hex B = anti (beta); the anti (alpha) would be absent or weak. This explains the reactivity of the anti-Hex A against Hex A and Hex B, but not against Hex C. PMID- 810068 TI - A study of hexosaminadases in interspecific hybrids and in GM2 gangliosidosis with a discussion on their genetic control. AB - 1. Hexosaminidases were studied by electrophoresis with different human fibroblast extracts. We found in the same conditions of detection and culture three bands from the cathode to the anode, namely Hex B, Hex A, Hex C for the normal fibroblast, Hex B for the two different Tay-Sachs and Hex C for the two unrelated Sandhoff patients. 2. The analysis of man-rodent hybrids (hamster and mouse with normal and Sandhoff human fibroblasts) indicates a probable synteny between MPI, Hex C, "Hex A fast", and "Hex A-like". "Hex A fast" is probably a man-hamster hybrid enzyme, "Hex A-like" a man-mouse enzyme. Our data agree with the model of Ropers and Schwantes (Hex C = (alphaalpha)n; Hex A = (alphabeta)n; Hex B = (betabeta)n). Probably Hex A-fast = (alphabeta')n with hamster Hex B' = (beta'beta')n; and Hex A-like = (alphabeta1)n with mouse Hex B1 = (beta1beta1)n; and probably n = 2 according to the tetrameric structure model of Tallman et al. (1974). 3. As an explanation of the results given by Poenaru et al. (anti Hex A reacts with Hex A and Hex B but not with Hex C) we propose the existence of a compound antigen (alphabeta) for Hex A. Anti Hex A specific = anti (alphabeta); anti Hex A non-specific = anti Hex B = anti B, anti alpha being absent or negligible. 4. In our opinion, the Tay-Sachs mutation opposes the alphaB association while the alphaalpha association is possible at a low rate or unstable; it is thus possible to observe Hex C in certain conditions, e.g. in foetal brain. 5. We present a discussion about the genetic control of hexosaminidases, GM2 gangliosidosis, and the possible localization of the different mutations in the variants. PMID- 810069 TI - Improved estimate of the Gm-Pi linkage. AB - The Gm-Piota linkage group is firmly established. A heterogeneity of recombination fraction amongst males of different Piota types has now become very likely. The major differences seem to be between the Piota (z) and other alleles of the Pi system. A chromosomal deletion, inversion or a regulatory (rec) locus in linkage disequilibrium with the Piota locus offer possible explanations. PMID- 810070 TI - [Proceedings: Compounds bearing phosphorylcholine in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: preparation and animal responses]. PMID- 810071 TI - [Proceedings: Chemical type of subgroups of variability in human heavy chain immunoglobulins]. PMID- 810072 TI - [Proceedings: Separation of rabbit antibodies to pig antilactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by analytic and preparative isotachophoresis]. PMID- 810073 TI - Determination of cell shape in bacteria. PMID- 810074 TI - [Identification of bacteriophages that lyse industrial strains of the producer of the antibiotic nisin]. PMID- 810075 TI - [Bacteriocinogeny in lactobacilli of the subgenus Streptobacterium]. AB - Bacteriocinogenic properties of 145 strains of L. casei and 23 strains of L. plantarum were studied by the method of delayed antagonism. The capacity for producing bacteriocins was observed in 2 per cent of L. casei and 26 per cent of L. plantarum. The bacteriocins of L. casei and L. plantarum were preliminarily divided into 3 and 2 types respectively by their activity against lactobacilli of different species and the character of the growth inhibition zones of the indicator strain. PMID- 810076 TI - Pipemidic acid, a new antibacterial agent active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro properties. AB - Pipemidic acid, 8-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-5-oxo-2-(1-piperazinyl)-pyrido [2,3 d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, is a new derivative of piromidic acid. It is active against gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as some gram-positive bacteria. Its potency is generally greater than that of piromidic acid and nalidixic acid. Cross-resistance is not observed between pipemidic acid and various antibiotics, and most of bacteria resistant to piromidic acid and nalidixic acid are moderately susceptible to pipemidic acid. The activity of pipemidic acid is scarcely affected by the addition of serum, sodium cholate, or change of medium pH, but is subject to the influence of inoculum size. Its action is bactericidal above minimal inhibitory concentrations. PMID- 810078 TI - Disk diffusion and serial dilution tests of susceptibility of some pathogenic gram-negative bacilli and enterococci to carbenicillin and ampicillin. AB - Tests for susceptibility to ampicillin and carbenicillin were performed with 35 strains each of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Proteus, 71 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 68 strains of enterococci by serial dilution and disk diffusion tests employing 10(-3) dilutions of overnight cultures as inocula for both. Commercial 10-mug ampicillin and 50- and 100-mug carbenicillin disks, and freshly prepared 10-, 50-, and 75-mug ampicillin and 10- and 50-mug carbenicillin disks were used. Results were displayed as cumulative distribution curves for both minimal inhibitory concentrations and zone diameters, and as scattergrams for correlating them. Differences in susceptibility to the two antibiotics were small for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia and large for the others. The freshly prepared and commercial disks of the same content gave comparable zones. There was good correlation of zone diameter with each disk and the minimal inhibitory concentration. Among the ampicillin disks tested, none was useful for Pseudomonas; with the other species, the 10-mug disk, as well as those with higher ampicillin content, could discriminate susceptible from resistant strains. However, only the 75-mug disk selected some Klebsiella strains susceptible to high concentrations. The 50- and 100-mug carbenicillin disks were equally discriminating for most strains, but the higher concentration was more selective for Klebsiella. The 10-mug carbenicillin disk was as effective as the 50- and 100 mug disks for discriminating among Enterobacter, Serratia, Pseudomonas, and Proteus, but not for Klebsiella or enterococci. The 10(-3) inoculum gave zone sizes considerably larger than those reported by other workers who used the standard Kirby-Bauer method. PMID- 810077 TI - Susceptibilities of gram-negative bacteria to combinations of antimicrobial agents in vitro. AB - Combinations of either clindamycin or erythromycin with gentamicin, colimycin, or carbenicillin were studied for their antimicrobial effects on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No antagonistic effects of the antibiotic combinations were observed. Synergistic effects of the antibiotic combinations were noted against most strains of E. coli tested, especially when either clindamycin or erythromycin was combined with gentamicin or colimycin. Of 16 other combinations of antibiotics examined with strains of E. coli as the test organisms, only the combination of penicillin G with either gentamicin or colimycin showed consistent synergy. The marked synergy of clindamycin combined with either gentamicin or colimycin was further demonstrated by following the kinetics of the bactericidal action of the antibiotic combinations and the effects on bacterial protein synthesis. PMID- 810079 TI - Antibacterial activity of nitropyrroles, nitrothiphenes, and aminothiophenes in vitro. AB - The antibacterial activities of nitropyrroles, nitrothiophenes, and aminothiophenes were studied. Replacement of the nitro group with an amino group enhanced the activity of the thiophene compounds. PMID- 810080 TI - Third type of plasmid conferring gentamicin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - R1033 is a plasmid of compatibility group P (= P1) transferred from a wild strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It confers resistance to gentamicin by gentamicin acetyl-transferase 1 and to kanamycin and neomycin by neomycin phosphotransferase 1. PMID- 810082 TI - Mersalyl: a diuretic with antiviral properties. AB - Mersalyl (Salyrgan), an organic mercurial diuretic, was tested against human and animal viruses with in vivo model infections in mice and tissue culture systems. Mersalyl was active against coxsackieviruses A21 and B1 in mice if administered intraperitoneally immediately after infection. No effect was observed if intraperitoneal treatment was delayed 1 or 2 h postinfection, or if treatment was administered either subcutaneously or per os. Topical treatment with a 5% aqueous solution of mersalyl produced a statistically significant effect against herpes simplex dermatitis in mice but the substance was inactive against systemic infections in mice with herpes simplex as well as Columbia SK, influenza, Semliki Forest, and Sendai viruses. Contact inactivation of coxsackieviruses A21 and B1 and herpes simplex virus was observed, but mersalyl was inactive in tissue culture against coxackieviruses A21 and B1, herpes simplex, influenza, rhinovirus, Semliki Forest, Sendai, and vaccinia viruses. PMID- 810081 TI - Inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin in Bacillus subtilis: effects on citrate-Mg2+ transport and synthesis of macromolecules. AB - Inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin in Bacillus subtilis stopped de novo synthesis of neutral lipids and phospholipids. The bacteria ceased growing but remained completely viable. Addition of 12 methyltetradecanoic acid and palmitic acid to the culture medium of cerulenin treated cells restored growth of the bacteria, albeit at a reduced rate. Although the de novo synthesis of all lipid components of the membrane was blocked, citrate-Mg(2+) transport activity remained inducible, and induced cells did not lose this transport activity when treated with cerulenin. Shortly after the addition of cerulenin, the rate of ribonucleic acid synthesis dropped rapidly and was followed by a slower decrease in the rate of protein synthesis. The rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis remained almost unaffected. The rapid decrease of ribonucleic acid synthesis in cerulenin-treated cells might be due to the inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis or it might be due to a secondary effect of cerulenin in B. subtilis cells. PMID- 810084 TI - Experimental keratitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: model for evaluation of antimicrobial drugs. AB - An improved method for experimental keratitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described. Essential features of the method are use of inbred guinea pigs, intracorneal injection of bacteria, subconjunctival injection of antibiotics, "blind" evaluation of results, and statistical analysis of data. Untreated ocular infections were most severe 5 to 7 days after infection. Sterilized bacterial suspensions caused no abnormalities on day 5. Tobramycin and polymyxin B were more active than gentamicin against two strains of Pseudomonas. This model is suitable for many types of quantitative studies on experimental keratitis. PMID- 810085 TI - Genetic and physiological studies on the site of action of distamycin A. AB - Two new genetic loci of Bacillus subtilis are identified by mutations that confer resistance to distamycin A and to other antibacterial agents. The chromosomal region where they map probably contains a cluster of genes whose products are related to membrane structure and function. Some of the biological effects of distamycin A are still in evidence in the resistant mutants indicating that the drug possibly acts at multiple sites. Most biological effects of the drug (including the phenotypic correction of a morphopoietic mutation) are likely to be due to the interaction of distamycin A with membrane (or surface) structures. PMID- 810083 TI - Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin or gentamicin alone and combined with carbenicillin. AB - To explore more effective therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 264 recent clinical isolates were tested by agar dilution using gentamicin and tobramycin alone and combined with carbenicillin to seek synergistic effects. Synergism was defined as a fourfold or greater decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentration of each drug in a pair. At a concentration of 3.12 mug/ml, gentamicin inhibited 73% of the strains and tobramycin inhibited 98%. The gentamicin-carbenicillin combination was synergistically active against 57% of the strains, and tobramycin carbenicillin was active against 46%. The effect did not correlate with either susceptibility or resistance to gentamicin or tobramycin alone. The data suggest that tobramycin or tobramycin plus carbenicillin may provide alternate therapy where susceptibility to gentamicin or synergism between gentamicin and carbenicillin cannot be demonstrated; however, the degree of susceptibility to either aminoglycoside antibiotic alone cannot be used to predict a synergistic effect. PMID- 810086 TI - Distribution and persistence of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species and other aerobic bacteria on human skin. AB - The districution of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species and associated coryneform bacteria, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Streptomyces on skin was determined during October 1971 from samples collected on persons living in North Carolina and New Jersey. Persistence of these organisms on skin was estimated in temporal studies conducted during the period from June 1971 to June 1972 on persons living in North Carolina. Staphylococci and coryneforms were the most predominant and persistent bacteria isolated from the nares and axillae. Staphylococci, coryneforms, micrococci, and Bacillus were the most predominant and persistent bacteria isolated from the head, legs, and arms. Acinetobacters were most frequently isolated during the warmer months of the years. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were the most predominant and persistent staphylococci isolated from the nares, whereas S. epidermidis and S. hominis were the most predominant and persistent staphylocicci isolated from the axillae, head, legs, and arms. S. capitis was often isolated from the head and arms and S. haemolyticus was often isolated from the head, legs, and arms. S. simulans, S. xylosus, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, and an unclassified coagulase-positive species were only occasionally isolated from skin. Micrococcus luteus was the most predominant and persistent Micrococcus isolated from skin and preferred regions of the head, legs, and arms. M. varians was the second most frequent Micrococcus isolated. M. lylae, M. sedentarius, M. roseus, M. kristinae, and M. nishinomiyaensis were only occasionally isolated from skin. M. lylae was most frequently isolated during the colder months of the years. PMID- 810087 TI - Degradation of 3-hydroxybenzoate by bacteria of the genus Bacillus. AB - The pathway whereby certain bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus degrade m hydroxybenzoate is delineated. Of 12 strains examined, nine were tentatively classified as representatives of the species Bacillus brevis, two of Bacillus sphaericus and one of Bacillus megaterium. All strains degraded m-hydroxybenzoate via the same pathway. m-Hydroxybenzoate was hydroxylated to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (gentisate), which was oxidized by a gentisate 1,2-deoxygenase yielding maleylpyruvate. Maleylpyruvate was hydrolyzed without prior cis, cis to cis, trans isomerization yielding pyruvate and maleic acid. Numerous soils were examined by plate-count procedures and found to contain 10(4) to 10(6) aerobic sporeformers able to grow on m-hydroxybenzoate per g of dry soil. PMID- 810088 TI - Liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting: a new concept for cell disruption. AB - High-efficiency disruption of bacteria can be accomplished in 2 or more min by the new procedure of liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting. Release of the dipicolinic acid-Ca2+ chelate paralleled the breakage of Bacillus megaterium endospores. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was much better in supernates from liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting-broken Escherichia coli cells than in those from sonically treated and broken E. coli cells. PMID- 810090 TI - Effect of temperature on the sterilization of isopropyl alcohol by liquid propylene oxide. AB - Liquid propylene oxide added to a solution of isopropyl alcohol and incubated at different temperatures markedly reduced the time required to sterilize the alcohol solution. PMID- 810089 TI - Separation of viable Rickettsia typhi from yolk sac and L cell host components by renografin density gradient centrifugation. AB - Rickettsia typhi cultivated in the yolk sac of chicken embryos or in L cells irradiated 7 days previously was separated from host cell components by two cycles of Renografin density gradient centrifugation. Preliminary steps involved differential centrifugation and centrifugation over a layer of 10% bovine plasma albumin of infected yolk sac suspensions, or trypsinization and passage through filters of wide porosity of infected L cell suspensions. Rickettsial preparations obtained by these methods appeared to be free from host cell components while retaining high levels of hemolytic activity, egg infectivity, and capacity to catabolize glutamate. Average yields were 3.3 mg of rickettsial protein per yolk sac or 0.44 mg per 16-oz (ca. 475-ml) L cell culture. Extracts from these two preparations displayed malate dehydrogenase activity of electrophoretic mobility identical to each other but quite different in migration patterns from the corresponding host cell enzymes. This method of separation of rickettsiae from host cell constituents appears to be particularly well suited for the study of rickettsial enzymatic activity. PMID- 810091 TI - The capacity of alpha-amylases to catalyze the nonhydrolytic degradation of starch and glycogen with formation of novel glycosylation products. PMID- 810092 TI - Hairy cutaneous malformations of palms and soles. A hereditary condition. AB - Hairy cutaneous malformations of the palms and soles were observed in four generations of a French-Canadian family. The lesions were asymptomatic, bilaterally symmetrical, and involved small areas of skin of the central proximal part of the palms near the wrist and the medial aspect of the longitudinal arch of the foot. The appearance suggested a difference in quality of the skin rather than simply the presence of hair follicles. Examination of a biopsy specimen showed skin containing hair follicles. The pattern of inheritance was autosomal dominant with definate male-to-male transmission. Genetic linkage studies were generally noninformative, but evidence was obtained against close chromosomal linkage of this trait to the histocompatibility antigen (HL-A) or Rh blood group locus. The only other known case of a familiar condition was reported by Schnitzler in 1973. PMID- 810093 TI - Serum TSH measurement in children with thyroid disorders. PMID- 810094 TI - Thyrotrophin estimation in diagnosis and treatment of childhood thyroid disorders. AB - Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was estimated by double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 200 children aged 2 months to 16 years with normal thyroid function. There was no apparent variation in TSH with age or sex and only 4 children had TSH levels greater than 5 muU/ml. High TSH values were obtained in 9 children with primary hypothyroidism, in 3 children with thyroiditis, and in one girl with a lingual thyroid. Moderately raised TSH was found in 3 girls with thyroiditis, 2 brothers with goitres due to enzyme defect, and a girl with an ectopic thyroid. In one girl with a defect of iodine organification and in 3 boys with thyroxine binding globulin deficiency the TSH levels were normal despite very low serum thyroxine values. Serum TSH was also estimated in 20 children during treatment for primary hypothyroidism. 3 of these children showed slightly raised TSH levels despite apparently adequate replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. One girl showed a very high TSH level 3 weeks after treatment had been temporarily withdrawn. PMID- 810095 TI - Lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Findings in hepatitis and Indian childhood cirrhosis. AB - The lymphocyte delayed hypersensitivity response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG) was evaluated by two in vitro tests-leucocyte migration inhibition and DNA synthesis. Patients convalescing from HBsAG-positive hepatits showed the presence of a state of cell-mediated immune responsiveness to the antigen. In Indian childhood cirrhosis, there was a failure of response to HBsAG and a slight but significant depression of reaction to PHA. It is suggested that the lack of immune reactivity to HBsAG, perhaps determined genetically, may be a significant factor in the evolution of cirrhosis in Indian children. PMID- 810096 TI - Ultrastructure of dorsal root projections in the toad spinal cord. An experimental neuroanatomical study following transection of dorsal root. AB - The distribution and the modalities of termination of the dorsal root afferents in the toad spinal cord have been investigated. The morphological changes of degenerating fibres and boutons at different survival times after root transection have been followed. Degenerating boutons were clearly identified due to the occurrence of both the dark and the filamentous types of degeneration similar to that described in cats. Most of the central endings of the primary afferents terminated in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; however, degenerating boutons were also observed in the ventral horn region of the gray matter. The density of the degenerating elements located in the ventral gray was always lower than that observed in the dorsal horn. Dark and filamentous boutons which were present in the motoneuronal region, did not appear to be in synaptic contact with the soma of the motoneurons. PMID- 810097 TI - [Pierre Broustet]. PMID- 810098 TI - [Treatment by urokinase of myocardial infarction and threatened infarction. Randomised study of 120 cases]. AB - Two randomized series of 60 cases of myocardial infarction or menace syndrome have been treated at the acute stage, one by Heparin alone, the other by the combination Urokinase-Heparin. The average dosage was 300 mg Heparin in the first series, of 2,700,000 CTA units of Urokinase combined with 240 mg of Heparin in the second series. After the first 24 hours, equal heparinization was performed in both series up to the third week. Significantly different results were obtained in the two series. They favour Urokinase and concern: -- the disappearance time of pain, -- the course of the arrhythmias and of cardiac failure, -- the regression or limitation of the necrosis q waves and the lesion areas on the electrocardiogram. Finally the 30th-day overall mortality was 13% in the Heparin series and 3% in the myocardial infarction on the way of constitution, or which have done so for less than 24 hours. PMID- 810100 TI - [Apparent auricular paralysis and disorders of auriculo-ventricular conduction. anatomo-clinical study]. AB - Correlation between the endocardial electrocardiographic recording and the histological findings of the conduction pathways in one case of apparent atrial standstill makes it possible to state the following facts: 1. The presence of a supranodal block through an intraatrial conduction disturbance. 2. The presence of James' fibres by-passing the upper part of Tawara node. 3. The functional character of these James' fivres which constitute, in view of the presence of lesions of the upper part of the Tawara node, the only possible pathway from the atria to the ventricles in this case. 4. The possibility to record the action potentials of James' fibres in that exceptional case. The histological examination made it possible also to recognize the anatomical lesions responsible for the idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium and of the apparent atrial standstill which represented the end-stage of an atrial rhythm disease. PMID- 810099 TI - [Lesions of immature renal parenchyma in the region of an abnormal aortic polar artery during arterial hypertension in the young adult. anatomo-clinical example]. AB - A female patient of 22 with major hypertension was operated upon for a dyspalastic diaphragm stenosis of the right renal artery; she had otherwise a left lower polar aortic artery. The histological study was under-taken on four comparative biopsy specimens. In the aortic polar artery territory, the signs of atrophic dysgenesis were demonstrated: rarefaction and sclerosis of the glomeruli, sclerosing intretitial infiltration. They reproduce exactly the lesions of immature kidneys described by Marshall. PMID- 810101 TI - [Study of changes in myocardial contraction and left ventricular diastolic regidity after aortocoronary bypass]. AB - Eighteen patients with coronary insufficiency underwent a left ventricular cineangiography before and an average of four months after aorta-to-coronary bi pass in order to assess the post-operative changes of myocardial contractility and diastolic rigidity. The contractility indices (VCF: mean speed, and VCF max: maximum shortening speed of the equatorial diameter of the left ventricle (% delta theta) were unmodified in the group (I) of fourteen patients with at least one pervious by-pass. On the contrary, a decreased % delta theta was observed in the group (II) of four patients in whom all the by-passes were occluded. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and the "normalized" rigidity index (K) were unmodified in both groups after operation. The cardiac rate increased in the post-operative period in the group I (p less than 0.01) and the whole of the 18 patients (p less than 0.001); there was a positive correlation (p less than 0.02) between this variation and that of VCF, VCF max. and % delta theta, the significance of which is discussed. Besides there was a negative correlation between the variations of LVEDV and the VCF, and between the equatorial end diastolic diameter of the left ventricle and VCF, VCF max. and % delta theta, both in the pre-operative and the post-operative periods. PMID- 810102 TI - [Percutaneous selective coronarography. Apropos of 600 cases]. AB - 600 selective coronary angiographies were performed in 559 patients, using Judkins preformed transfemoral catheters. One fatality was deplored (mortality: 0,17 p. 100). 15 cardiac complications were observed 2,5 p. 100), 10 of which were severe but rapidly corrected arrhythmias. Among these 559 patients 495 were clinically cases suffering from probable or certain coronary heart disease. 88 p. 100 of this group were men. Selective coronary angiography revealed stenosis with decrease of at least 50 p. 100 of the lumen in over 80 p. 100 of the cases. The anterior descending was the most frequent site of stenosis. In the majority of cases, and especially in men, two or several vessels were diseased. There is some relationship between the development of collateral circulation and the extension of coronary disease. In one third of the cases, ventricular function, assessed by measurement of the ejection fraction was impaired. PMID- 810103 TI - [Comparative study of metabolic criteria of acute myocardial ischemia in man]. AB - The study of various myocardial metabolic substrates in basal conditions and in the course of an atrial pacing test in two groups, one control, and the other including angina pectoris in patients with sound coronary arteries, provides the confirmation that the only valid metabolic criterion for acute myocardial ischaemia in man is represented by the decreased extraction or production of lactates. The sugnificance and the specidicity of this parameter is discussed. PMID- 810104 TI - [Disputable thoracic pain with normal coronary arteries. Metabolic study]. AB - The search for electrocardiographic, haemodynamic and above an metabolic criteria suggestive of "myocardial ischaemia" in the course of an atrial pacing test was found to be positive in three patients suffering from atypical thoracic pains, and in whom selective coronary arteriograms might be considered as normal. It appaear thus that the criterion of a normal coronary arteriography and a negative or unsignificant effort test is insufficient to discard the diagnosis of "myocardial ischaemia" when confronted with such pains habitually considered as anorganic. The accurate mechanism of these pains, probably identical to that or those of "angina with normal coronary arteriography" remains undecided. PMID- 810105 TI - [Pharmacodynamic study of myocardial contraction using ultrasonic echography during isoproterenol perfusion in the normal subject]. AB - An echographic study, both before and under isoproterenol infusion, was performed on 50 normal subjects. The movements of the posterior wass of the left ventricle were found to be averagely increased of 62% as regards the amplitude, 114% for the mean speed and 124% for the maximum speed of contraction. The transcerse diameter of the left ventricular cavity decreased by 5.25%. The circumferential fibres shortening speed expressed in circumference by second increased by 128%. An uninvasive method, echography, as cineangiography, makes it possible to assess the myocardial contractility on the basis of measurement of the average speed of circumferential fibres and of the diameter of the left ventricle. PMID- 810106 TI - [Dressler's syndrome: constrictive pericarditis following myocardial infarction operated on with success]. AB - In relation with one case of constrictive pericarditis folowing myocardial infarction, the respective part played by the Dressler syndrome and by the anticoagulant treatment in the genesis of pericardial constriction was discussed. In presence of an inflammatory pericardial reaction after myocardial infarction, the rules for the use of anticoagulants are discusses. PMID- 810107 TI - [Levocardia with ventricular inversion and a single atrium in normal position]. AB - A 12-year child had complete heart block, an abdominal situs inversus with laevocardia. Further investigation demonstrated in addition an inferior vena cava ending into an azygos vein, a shunt at the atrial level and a pulmonary valve stenosis. At operation there was a lone atrium in normal position, a ventricular inversion without transposition of the great vessels. In spite of a corrective operation of the Mustard type, the child died the following day through haemorrhage and low output. PMID- 810108 TI - [Enzyme diagnostics in lysosomal diseases with emphasis on sphingolipidoses]. AB - The authors describe the conditions and results of the enzymatic diagnosis in various sphingolipidoses, based on their personal experience. A precise diagnosis can be presently made on white blood cells, cultured fibroblasts or amniotic cells, and in some cases on serum or urine. In most cases the use of artificial substrates allows a relatively simple diagnosis. The methods are quantitative or qualitative (especially cellulose acetate electrophoresis, of which a few pictures are shown). The results are particularly clear in Tay-Sachs disease and its variants. Despite the fatal prognosis of most sphingolipidoses it is important to ensure a precise and precocious diagnosis. This is of prime value when a prenatal detection of the disease is considered in case of a future pregnancy. PMID- 810110 TI - [Clinical conference: Neonatal icterus from anti-D isoimmunization with negative direct Coombs test]. PMID- 810109 TI - [Proceedings: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia following treatment of Blackfan Diamond's disease]. PMID- 810111 TI - [Proceedings. Nutrition using a duodenal catheter. Experience of a pediatric service]. PMID- 810112 TI - [Proceedings: TRH test. Results and clinical application]. PMID- 810113 TI - Protirelin stimulation test and thyroid function during treatment of depression. AB - Thyroid levels were estimated in 15 patients with endogenous depressions. Before electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 index values were elevated (P less than .02). After recovery from depression, the levels were normal. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 index were normal both before and after ECT. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were also normal and not substantially altered by the ECT procedure. The mean maximal TSH response to protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) was diminished in the depressed patients and normal after recovery. In three patients, the increase in TSH response to protirelin after recovery did not occur and they relapsed within six months, while in seven patients with increased TSH response to protirelin after recovery only one relapse occurred. The disturbances in the free T4 index, T4, and the protirelin test may in some depressed patients resemble hyperthyroidism, but this condition can be excluded by means of serum, T3 and free T3 index. PMID- 810114 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of epididymal ducts in the Japanese monkey (Macacus fuscatus) with special reference to the architectural analysis of stereocilia. AB - The luminal surface of the initial segment of the epididymal duct in the Japanese monkey was observed under a field emission type scanning electron microscope. The long, slender stereocilia projecting from the apical surface of the columnar cells were found to be closely arranged in a funnel-like form opening to the lumen. The funnels formed by stereocilia were also confirmed by observation of thin sections cut from the same specimen used for scanning electron microscopy and their bottom was located in the center of the vertex of each columnar cell. PMID- 810115 TI - Effect of cyanide antidotes on the metabolic conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. AB - The excretion of thiocyanate following the administration of equitoxic doses of cyanide to unprotected mice and to animals pretreated with various cyanide antidotes has been studied. The results demonstrate that cyanide given alone or to animals pretreated with thiosulfate is extensively converted to thiocyanate. Animals pretreated with sodium nitrite or a combination of nitrite and sodium thiosulfate excreted even higher amounts of thiocyanate. This demonstrates that cyanide originally detoxified by combination with methemoglobin is ultimately converted to thiocyanate in the animal body. Pretreatment of animals with cobalt compounds (cobaltous chloride or dicobalt-EDTA) or a combination of cobalt compounds and thiosulfate resulted, on the other hand, in a less efficient conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. The cyanide detoxified by trapping as highly undissociated cobalt-cyanide complexes is instead excreted in the urine, as demonstrated by detection of high amounts of cobalt ions and strongly complex bound cyanide in the urine from animals treated with cobalt compounds and cyanide. A method for the determination of cyanide present as cobalt-cyanide complexes is described and its forensic application is proposed. PMID- 810116 TI - [Effect of triethylenethiophosphoramid on the spermatozoa of rabbits]. AB - Under study were effects of triethylenthiophosphoramid (thioTEP) on mature gametes of rabbits, their impregnating capacity and embryonic development. When treated with thioTEP in non-toxic concentration the spermatozoa did not change their mobility, vitality in vitro and impregnation capacity. However, investigation of early postnatal development showed a delay of the beginning of cleavage and death at early stages due to thioTEP effects; the number of formed blastocysts was observed to decrease from 76% to 61%, i.e. by a statistically significant value 15 +/- 6,5%. A greater number of zigotes of delayed development was found in a group of experimental animals (39%), as compared with controls (24%), when females were dissected on the 4th-5th days after impregnation. DNA content in spermatozoa treated with the chem-mutagen remained unchanged. PMID- 810117 TI - [Left anterior hemiblock and left apical lesion in chronic Chagas' heart disease]. PMID- 810119 TI - Acute areflexic paralysis. Association with hyperalimentation and hypophosphatemia. AB - Acute areflexic paralysis associated with diffuse sensory loss, cranial nerve paisies, and respiratory insufficiency occurred in two patients who developed hypophosphatemia during hyperalimentation. Prompt recovery followed replacement of serum phosphorus in both cases. An electromyogram performed on one patient revealed only decreased insertional activity. A muscle biopsy specimen from the same patient showed minor, nonspecific neurogenic changes. PMID- 810118 TI - [Antimyocardial antibodies in chronic Chagas' disease. Correlation between serological results and electrocardiography]. PMID- 810120 TI - Amino acids in human epileptogenic foci. AB - Free amino compounds were measured in 16 rapidly frozen epileptogenic foci excised from temporal or frontal cortex of nine patients with focal epilepsy, and in single cortical biopsy specimens obtained from 16 nonepileptic patients. Unlike the findings of a previous study, glutamic and aspartic acids were not diminished in the foci, nor was there a decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or taurine levels. Glycine content was markedly elevated in two of 16 epileptogenic foci. These results do not suggest that deficiencies of GABA or of taurine, amino acids that may act physiologically as inhibitory neurotransmitters or modulators of inhibition, are causes of focal epilepsy, nor do they provide a logical basis for clinical trials of taurine in treatment of human epilepsy. PMID- 810121 TI - Experimental vitreous surgery. XIII. Open-sky partial vitrectomy through pars plana incision. AB - The effects of an incision through the pars plana ciliaris for open-sky subtotal vitrectomy were evaluated in four groups of monkeys, with incisions ranging from 170 degrees to 240 degrees. The nasal long ciliary artery and nerve and the anterior ciliary arteries from the inferior and medial recti were left intact in all cases. Follow-up observation ranging from three to 24 months indicates that the 170 degrees incision and the longer incisions in which the temporal ciliary artery and nerve were sacrificed do not cause severe anterior segment necrosis. The advantages of the incision through the pars plana ciliaris are (1) easier approach to the vitreous cavity, (2) preservation of the crystalline lens and an intact iris, and (3) circumvention of the corneal and chamber angle complications sometimes associated with the transcorneal approach. PMID- 810122 TI - Letter: Ocular malformations associated with maternal LSD usage. PMID- 810124 TI - Osmotic effects of sorbitol accumulation in monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures. AB - It has been observed that primary monolayer cell cultures derived from monkey kidney cortex behave in a similar manner to the mammalian lens in that they accumulate high concentrations of sorbitol when they are incubated in medium containing a high glucose concentration (33 mM). An investigation was undertaken to determine whether the accumulation of sorbitol by these cultures results in cellular damage by an osmotic mechanism similar to that which has been proposed to occur in the lens. Phase-contrast microscopy and histochemical investigations revealed that no changes in the cell size, cell growth rate, or cell staining properties occurred as a result of exposure of the cell cultures to a glucose concentration of 33mM for up to 4 days. The cell protein and myo-inositol concentrations and fatty acid composition were also unaffected, as was the incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]leucine into cell protein. The rate of 86Rb influx of the cell cultures was decreased and the rate of 86Rb efflux was increased by incubation in medium containing a glucose concentration of 33 mM. Frome these observations it was concluded that the accumulation of sorbitol by monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures did not exert a pathabolic influence upon their growth and metabolism, and that these cells, unlike the lens, have the capacity to compensate adequately for changes in transmembrane osmotic gradients induced by sorbitol accumulation. PMID- 810123 TI - Apophysiolysis of the anterior inferior iliac spine. A histological, clinical and radiological study. AB - Four cases of avulsion of the anterior inferior iliac spine were presented. Three of them affected boys of about 15 years (2 after a strain without local trauma--1 after local trauma). The fourth was discovered by chance on the X-rays of a man. Histological examination was made of 2 cases. A recent one showed the remodelling of a fracture of the apophysary growth cartilage. An older one showed aspecific bone remodelling. The incidence, clinical and radiological data, pathology and pathogenesis of such apophysiolysis is discussed. PMID- 810125 TI - Effect of haemin on endogenous protein synthesis in oocytes of the Queensland cane toad Bufo marinus. AB - Although general protein synthesis as measured by L-[3H]leucine incorporation is unaffected by injection of haemin into oocytes of B. marinus, the synthesis of at least two proteins is repressed. It appears that haemin is capable of exerting inhibitory effects on eukaryote protein synthesis as well as stimulating it as previously reported by other workers. PMID- 810126 TI - Microbiological aspects of wood chip storage in tropical environments. AB - The microbiology of tropical wood chip storage has been examined in small experimental piles at two sites in New Guinea. Biodeterioration occurred in the forms of wood discoloration and loss of wood substance, including cellulosics; over a period of 2-4 months c. 20% per month of the chip pile by volume was seriously discoloured by microorganisms, and wood substance loss amounted to c. 1.5% per month (microscopic assessment). A range of microorganisms which produce discoloration were isolated. Decay was mainly due to soft-rotting microfungi such as Chaetomium globosum, C. thermophile, Humicola lanuginosa, Cephalosporium acremonium and Gliomastix subiculosa. Wood-rotting basidiomycetes were infrequent, although pockets of decayed (white rot) mycelial-matted chips were observed in the outer 1.5 m during dismantling of the 4-month-old pile at Vanimo. A successional trend of colonizing microorganisms was established, and profiles of the main zones of microbiological activity have been determined. The rapid rise in temperature, which is characteristic of wood chip piles after construction, had a marked influence on the microbial populations. Thermotolerant isolates included Humicola spp., Aspergillus spp., some actinomycetes, and members of the bacterial genus Bacillus. Reasonable chemical control of biodeterioration was achieved by dipping chip samples in a 1% solution of sodium pentachlorophenate. Three trichlorophenol formulations were less effective. PMID- 810127 TI - Cobalt chloride in the treatment of refractory anaemia in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis. AB - The effect of oral cobalt chloride on the anaemia of patients undergoing long term haemodialysis therapy was investigated in 14 patients taking 25 mg then 50 mg daily. After eight weeks of treatment the mean haematocrit increase in 11 patients completing the trial was 23% of the original level and the 51Cr-red cell volume had increased by 20%. The 51Cr red half-life lengthened after treatment in six patients and the 59Fe plasma half-time shortened in ten patients. After treatment, evidence of increased erythropoietic activity was seen in the bone marrow of five patients. No evidence was found of thyroid of liver dysfunction but three patients developed transient loss of hearing demonstrated by audiometry. Cobalt chloride appears to be helpful in the management of some uraemic patients with refractory anaemia. PMID- 810128 TI - Canine aflatoxicosis. AB - Poisoning with aflatoxin derived from mouldy bread was confirmed as the cause of death of one dog and was suspected as the cause of death of two other dogs on the same ration. A jaundiced carcass, firm bile-stained liver and haemorrhage into the gastro-intestinal tract were seen at autopsy. Swelling and foamy vacuolation of hepatocytes due to fatty infiltration, marked perioportal proliferation of bile ductules and some periacinar necrosis were the microscopic changes seen in the liver. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the mouldy bread and also from a sample of vomitus. Aflatoxin B1, 6.7 ppm, was detected in the mouldy bread and extremely high levels of 100 ppm of aflatoxin B1 and 40 ppm of aflatoxin G1 were present in a sample of vomitus. PMID- 810129 TI - [Immobilization and general anesthesia in zoo- and wild animals]. PMID- 810130 TI - [The life cycle of Frenkelia. 1. The identity of isospore buteonis from common buzzards and a Frenkelia species (F. clethrionomyobuteonis spec. n.) from red backed mice]. PMID- 810131 TI - Capillary flow and transport during hemodilution. PMID- 810132 TI - Canine erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. I. Properties of the normal enzyme. AB - We have compared the kinetic, immunological, and electrophoretic properties of human and canine erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. Both enzymes are allosteric and subject to positive and negative regulation. The allosteric properties of the canine enzyme are more pronounced than those of the human enzyme; however, the properties of both enzymes are consistent with a regulatory function in the glycolytic pathway of their respective erythrocytes. Antiserum against the human enzyme gives precipitin lines of partial identity between the human and canine enzymes on immunodiffusion. The anti-human serum inactivates the enzymatic activity of both enzymes, although it is more effective against the human enzyme than the canine. The two enzymes have slightly different mobilities on starch gel electrophoresis. While we have demonstrated differences between erythrocyte pyruvate kinase from dogs and that from humans, we conclude that the enzymes are sufficiently similar in properties and function to allow use of the dog as a model for human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. PMID- 810134 TI - Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila. III. Phenol oxidase activity and the speck locus. AB - A marked decrease in the amount of the A2 component of phenol oxidase occurs in the speck locus of Drosophila melanogaster. The amount of A2 in speck is restored to a normal amount in the presence of the suppressor mutant, su(s)2. PMID- 810133 TI - Canine erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. II. Properties of abnormal enzyme associated with hemolytic anemia in the Basenji dog. AB - We have compared the solubility, kinetic, immunological, and electrophoretic properties of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase from normal dogs and Basenji dogs with congenital hemolytic anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. Differences can be detected between the two enzymes by all methods. The enzyme from the affected animals has a greater solubility in ammonium sulfate. It has a lower Km for phosphoenolpyruvate, while the Km for ADP is increased. This enzyme is not inhibited by ATP or activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The enzyme from the affected animals has none of the allosteric properties characteristic of the normal canine enzyme. No difference can be detected by enzyme inactivation with rabbit antiserum against human erythrocyte enzyme, but a slight spur is observed on comparison of the two enzymes by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. The enzymes also differ in their electrophoretic mobilities on starch gel electrophoresis. PMID- 810135 TI - Genetic regulation of the expression of catalase activity in murine red blood cells. AB - The specific activity (k'1) and concentration of red blood cell catalase from four inbred strains of mice (BALB/c, C57BL, C57BL/6, and NBL) were measured to determine the mechanisms responsible for interstrain variations in enzyme activity. The specific activities of RBC catalase in NBL and the C57BL sublines are equal (2.5 x 10(7) M-1 sec-1), while that of BALB/c (4.0 x 10(7) M-1 sec-1) is 67% greater. The relative concentration of catalase is approximately 30% lower in NBL erythrocytes compared to the other three strains. The activity of BALB/c RBC catalase is due to a high k'1 coupled with a high intracellular concentration; RBC catalase activity in the C57BL sublines is the result of a low k'1 and high concentration. A low k'1 and a low concentration are responsible for the low catalase activity levels found in NBL erythrocytes. PMID- 810136 TI - The partial amino acid sequence of the extracellular beta-lactamase I of Bacillus cereus 569/H. AB - The chemical structure of the extracellular beta-lactamase I of Bacillus cereus 569/H was investigated. Three electrophoretically homogenous charge variants of this enzyme were isolated and amino acid analysis of each revealed no significant differences. However, a degree of N-terminal heterogeneity was found by direct end-group modification of the protein and also on alignment of peptides from tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. The N-terminal heterogeneity observed was great enough to explain the production of the beta-lactamase I isoenzymes which are probably produced by postsynthesis modification of a single gene product. Over 80% of the amino acid sequence of beta-lactamase I was determined by the detailed analysis of peptides derived from tryptic, chymotryptic and thermolytic digests. Five polypeptide fragments were constructed from these data and aligned by comparison with the known amino acid sequences of the penicillinases produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus (Ambler & Meadway, 1969). About 60% of the proposed sequence was identical with that of B. licheniformis penicillinase, whereas the S. aureus enzyme had only about 40% of its residues in common with beta-lactamase I. These results are discussed with reference to the possible evolutionary relationships existing between known beta-lactamases. Detailed evidence for the amino acid sequence proposed has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50044 (27 pages) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1975), 145, 5. PMID- 810137 TI - The mechanism of inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis by 8-hydroxyquinoline and the antibiotic lomofungin. AB - RNA synthesis in yeast is rapidly inhibited by 8-hydroxyquinoline and the phenazine antibiotic lomofungin (5-formyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-4,6,8 trihydroxyphenazine). It is shown that lomofungin, like 8-hydroxyquinoline, is a chelating agent for bivalent cations. The mechanism of inhibition of RNA synthesis by lomofungin and 8-hydroxyquinoline was investigated in experiments with isolated Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The results show that both inhibitors are capable of inhibiting polymerase activity solely by chelating the dissociable cations Mn2+ and Mg2+. Evidence is presented which shows that inhibition may occur in the absence of any direct contact between the RNA polymerase or DNA template and the inhibitor. The possibility that inhibition might also occur by chelation of the Zn2+, which is tightly bound to the polymerase, is discussed: it is concluded that lomofungin or 8-hydroxyquinoline is likely to inhibit the enzyme by removal of Mn2+ and Mg2+ before chelating the Zn2+. On the basis of inhibition by chelation of Mn2+ and Mg2+, explanations are proposed for why lomofungin and 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibit synthesis of ribosomal and polydisperse RNA more than that of 5S RNA and tRNA, and for why protein synthesis is not immediately inhibited in the intact yeast cell. PMID- 810138 TI - Polarographic assay and intracellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat liver. AB - 1. A polarographic assay of superoxide (O2--) dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activity is described, in which the ability of the enzyme to inhibit O2---dependent sulphite oxidation, initiated by xanthine oxidase activity, is measured. The assay was used in a study of the intracellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat liver. Both cyanide-sensitive cupro-zinc dismutase (92% of the total activity) and cyanide-insensitive mangano-dismutase (8%) were measured. 2. Rat liver homogenates contained both particulate (16%y and soluble (84%) dismutase activity. The particulate activity contained both types of dismutase, whereas nearly all the soluble dismutase was a cupro-zinc enzymes. The distribution pattern of mangano-dismutase was similar to that of cytochrome oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase, indicating that the enzyme was probably present exclusively in the mitochondria. 3. Superoxide dismutase activity in the heavy mitochondrial (M) fraction was latent and was activated severalfold and largely solubilized by sonication. Treatment of the M fraction with digitonin or a hypo osmotic suspending medium indicated that most of the cupro-zinc dismutase was located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, whereas the mangano-enzyme was located in the inner-membrane and matrix space. 4. A small amount of dismutase activity appeared to be present in the nuclei and microsomal fraction, but little or no activity in the lysosomes or peroxisomes. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the intracellular location of known O2---generating enzymes, the possible role of superoxide dismutase activity in intracellular H2O2 formation, and to current views on the physiological function of the enzyme. PMID- 810139 TI - Purification and characterization of two glutathione S-aryltransferase activities from rat liver. AB - Two forms of glutathione S-aryltransferase were purified from rat liver. The only differences noted between the two forms were in the chromatographic and electrophoretic properties, which permitted the separation of the two species. The molecular weights of the enzyme and its subunits were estimated as about 50000 and 23000 respectively. The steady-state kinetics did no follow Michaelis Menten kinetics when one substrate concentration was kept constant while the second substrate concentration was varied. Several S-substituted GSH derivatives were tested as inhibitors of the enzymic reaction. The enzyme was inactivated by thiol-group reagents. PMID- 810141 TI - A simple method of characterizing mitochondrial ribonucleic acid. AB - A simple method of isolating and characterizing RNA from L-cell mitochondria is described. The mitochondrial fraction is lysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate, and the RNA fractionated by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. The efficacy of proteinase K in preventing ribonuclease activity is also demonstrated. PMID- 810140 TI - The hydroxylation of tyrosine by an enzyme from third-instar larvae of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. AB - 1. Two pro-(phenol oxidase) were distinguished when the blood of late-third instar larvae of Calliphora erythrocephala was electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels with Tris-glycine buffer, pH 8.3. One pro-(phenol oxidase), after activation by an enzyme readily catalyses the oxidation of both L-tyrosine and L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). The second enzyme catalyses the oxidation of L dopa but not of L-tyrosoine. 2. One of the pro-(phenol oxidases) was purified over 2000-fold from homogenates of whole larvae. This enzyme, after activation, catalyses the oxidation of both dopa and tyrosine. On electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels with Tris-glycine buffer, pH 8.3, it has the same mobility as the enzyme in the blood which catalyses the oxidation of both tyrosine and dopa. 3. The pro-(phenol oxidase)-activating enzyme was purified over 100-fold from homogenates of whole larvae. 4. The oxidation of L-tyrosine, in the presence of the activated purified phenol oxidase, reached a steady maximum rate after a lag period that was directly related to tyrosine concentration and inversely related to enzyme concentration. 5. The effect of the addition of electron donors on the lag period was studied. Dopa, dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) and 2-amino 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine are the most effective hydrogen donors. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, the oxidation of which was not catalysed by the activated pro-(phenol oxidase), did not affect the lag period. PMID- 810142 TI - Comparison of the effects of zinc deprivation and actinomycin D on ribonucleic acid synthesis by stimulated lymphocytes. AB - 1. EDTA inhibited incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of lymphocytes, but did not decrease uptake into the cold-acid-soluble fraction of the cells. The inhibition by EDTA was largely reversible by simultaneous addition of Zn2+. 2. Low concentrations pf actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) added at the time of stimulation of the cells inhibited [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA, but concentrations of 50 100 ng/ml were required to produce the same degree of inhibition if addition of actinomycin D was delayed until just before the incorporation was measured. This difference in sensitivity did not reg within the cells. 3. When added immediately before phytohaemagglutinin, actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) and EDTA produced similar time-courses of inhibition of uridine incorporation. 4. Uridine incorporation at 32h was inhibited when actinomycin D (3 ng/ml) or EDTA was added just before stimulation of the cells, but was only slightly affected when they were added at 32h. At intermediate times the incorporation of uridine remained sensitive to addition of EDTA for longer than it was sensitive to actinomycin D. 5. Polyacrylamide-gel separation of RNA synthesized in EDTA-treated cultures in the presence or absence of added Zn2+ showed that lower availability of Zn2+ resulted in a decreased rate of transfer of radioactivity from 32S to 28S rRNA and decreased survival of 28S rRNA relative to 18S rRNA. 6. Close similarities have been shown to exist between the effects of EDTA and low concentrations of actinomycin D. Not all the effects of EDTA could be explained by postulating that Zn2+ was a constituent of RNA polymerase I, nor were the effects of actinomycin D readily explained by previously suggested mechanisms of action of this antibiotic. PMID- 810143 TI - Production of antibodies to sheep liver dihydropteridine reductase: characterization and use to study the enzyme defect in a variant form of phenylketonuria. PMID- 810145 TI - Characterization of super-active insulin, prolactin and placental lactogen. PMID- 810144 TI - Light-dependent ATP formation in a non-phototrophic mutant of Rhodospirillum rubrum deficient in oxygen photoreduction. PMID- 810146 TI - Structural studies of monoclonal human cryoprecipitable immunoglobulins. PMID- 810147 TI - Synergic action of calcium ions and diamide on mitochondrial swelling. PMID- 810148 TI - [Studies on new sulfonylurea derivatives and their metabolites in isolated Langerhans's islets of the rat pancreas (author's transl]. AB - Sulfonylureas which are chemically related to glibenclamide, and glibornuride were tested in the system of isolated islets of Langerhans. Glibenclamide as well as glibenclamide analogues stimulated secretion of insulin within the first 30 min after addition to the medium. Stimulation of insulin secretion by glibornuride occurred from 60 to 90 min after addition of the agent. The results are discussed on the basis of physicochemical properties of the substances. PMID- 810149 TI - [Recent research on derivatives of 8-oxyquinoline. New 7 arylglyoxylidenehydrazinomethyl-8-oxyquinolines and 5-chloro-7 arylglyoxylidenehydrazinomethyl-8-oxyquinolines]. PMID- 810150 TI - Primary intestinal lymphoma and its relation to alpha heavy chain disease. AB - Primary intestinal lymphoma in young adults is a disease that occurs mainly in underprivileged populations. There is evidence that in some cases this disease evolves from a benign lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the gut with alpha heavy chain. More studies are needed on the effect of environmental and genetic factors on the evolution of this disease. The role of oncogenic viruses in the development of intestinal lymphoma with malabsorption is an open question. Regional studies on the entity of intestinal lymphoma with malabsorption and its relationship to childhood lymphoma in the same populations are warranted. PMID- 810151 TI - Alpha chain disease clinicopathological features and relationship to so-called Mediterranean lymphoma. PMID- 810152 TI - Alpha chain disease: immunoglobulin abnormalities, pathogenesis and current concepts. AB - The laboratory findings upon which the diagnosis of alpha chain disease relies and the main results of immunochemical, structural and biosynthetic studies of the pathological immunoglobulin are reviewed briefly. The pathogenesis of the disease is discussed in view of its possibly non-malignant nature at the early stage and of its peculiar geographic distribution, suggesting the triggering role of an intestinal micro-organism. PMID- 810153 TI - The treatment of mycosis fungoides and related conditions with particular emphasis on electron therapy. AB - The difficulties created by the lack of generally accepted views on classification, diagnostic criteria and natural history of the cutaneous lymphomata are discussed. Only the lymphomata which remain confined to the skin throughout the major part of their development are considered. It is emphasized that these are extremely radiosensitive and that there must be some factors as yet unknown which play a part in their unique natural history and response to treatment. The cutaneous lymphomata are considered under three headings: (1) lymphocytoma, (2) lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma, (3) mycosis fungoides. The characteristics of the first two are discussed briefly and illustrative examples are given. The relatively benign nature of the lymphocytoma is stressed. It is suggested that the solitary lymphosarcoma of the skin should be treated by radical radiotherapy since long-term survival or cure may be achieved. The treatment of mycosis fungoides is considered in greater detail. The physical advantages of electron therapy are described and details given of whole body surface treatment with electrons produced by a 6 MeV linear accelerator and slowed down with carbon decelerators of appropriate thickness. The results in 73 patients treated by electrons are analysed. The early and late side-effects are mentioned and the necessity for investigating other forms of treatment is stressed. It is concluded that at the present time electron therapy is the most satisfactory form of treatment for mycosis fungoides. PMID- 810154 TI - Weekly total skin electron beam therapy for mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous lymphomata: further experience. AB - Lymphomatous processes involving the skin can be managed effectively by total skin electron beam irradiation. A technique using weekly doses (400 rad for each of 6 successive weeks) has been employed in the therapy of 36 patients. Complete remission was obtained in all patients so treated. The median first disease-free interval for lymphoma cutis was 11 months and for mycosis fungoides 9 1/2 months PMID- 810156 TI - A tentative classification of the non-Hodgkin's tumours of the lymphoid system to enable inclusion of the lymphoid leukaemias. PMID- 810155 TI - Advanced lymphosarcoma treated by total body irradiation. AB - Twenty-five cases of clinical Stage III and Stage IV lymphosarcoma primarily treated by total body irradiation (TBI) are reported. Fifteen cases demonstrated nodular histology and 10 demonstrated diffuse histology by the Rappaport criteria. Treatments were 15 rad given twice weekly, calculated to midpelvis, to a total dose of 150 rad. Toxicity was confined to thrombocytopenia, one-third of patients requiring interruptions in the treatment course to allow platelet count recovery. Five patients had additional local irradiation. Complete responses were seen in 80% of patients and partial responses in 20%. Sixteen patients (64%) have been in continuous, unmaintained remission since treatments for variable periods to 39 months. Of 9 patients with clinically recurrent disease, 3 received further TBI and are in remission, 3 are in remission on chemotherapy, one patient has died, failing on all therapy, and 2 have not been treated. One patient died of pneumonia at 12 months, without clinical evidence of disease. Overall, actuarial survival is 87% at 2 years and compares well with survival in a sequential combination drug treated group of patients matched for age, sex, and histology, though differences are not statistically significant in these small groups. Total body irradiation is an effective systemic agent in the management of advanced lymphosarcoma and should be considered in treating this disease. PMID- 810157 TI - The predictive value of thyroid "test profile" in habitual abortion. AB - A characteristic thyroid test profile is observed in pregnancy; it consists of an elevated serum thyroxine (T4I), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and electrophoretic index (EI) with lowered triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3U), the free thyroxine index (FTI) remaining in the normal range. An investigation was made of progressive changes in these parameters in 70 normal pregnant women, 34 pregnant women with a past history of habitual abortion who carried to term, seven habitual aborters who miscarried again, and 49 women at the time of spontaneous miscarriage. The results indicated that normal women reached a typical pregnancy thyroid test profile at seven to eight weeks' gestation while habitual aborters carrying a pregnancy to term reached it at 14 to 15 weeks and almost all patients who miscarried never reached it at all. In addition, four women who had aborted previously and were treated with thyroxine throughout six pregnancies, developed a normal "thyroid profile" and carried their pregnancy to term. The significance of the "predictive value" of the test profile is discussed. PMID- 810158 TI - Differential effects of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate upon binding of oxidized and reduced flavines by bacterial luciferase. AB - Upon binding to bacterial luciferase, both the absorption and the fluorescence excitatiom maxima of 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonate (ANS) shift from 353 to 370 nm while the fluorescence emission optimum shifts from 540 to 480 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield increases from 0.003 to 0.39, indicating that the environment of the ANS binding site is hydrophobic. ANS binds to luciferase with dissociation constants of 1.9 X 10(-5) and 2.3 X 10(-5) M at 5 and 23 degrees, repsectively. As with both oxidized flavine mononucleotide (FMN) and reduced flavine mononucleotide (FMNH2), ANS also binds to luciferase with a stoichiometry of 1 site per dimeric luciferase molecule. ANS acts as a luciferase inhibitor, competitive with FMNH2, with an inhibitor constant of 2.3 X 10(-5) M at 23 degrees. However, the binding of ANS does not significantly displace FMN from binding to luciferase. Interactions of FMN and FMNH2 with luciferase are thus differentially regulated by the ANS binding. PMID- 810159 TI - The effects of isovalerate supplementation on growth and fatty acid composition of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. AB - Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W respond to isovalerate supplementation by an increase in odd-numbered saturated, unsaturated and alpha-hydroxy iso-fatty acids and by a decrease in even-numbered normal fatty acids in the glycerolipids and sphingolipids. Supplementation, however, did not alter the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids found in the polar lipids. The unsaturated acids 17 : 1(i) and 19 : 1(i) were isolated from cells grown with [1-14C]isovalerate and found to have a higher specific activity than the monoenes of the normal series. Isotopic and gas-chromatographic analyses also indicated the presence of dienoic and trienoic acids of the iso-acid series. The iso-fatty acid content was elevated with isovalerate levels up to 5.0 mM and an inhibition of growth was noted. At higher concentrations of the short chain precursor, no further increase in total cellular iso-acids was detected although growth inhibition was more pronounced. The alpha-hydroxy iso-fatty acids of the sphingolipids, however, were elevated in a fashion that paralleled the external concentration of isovalerate; thus, the amount of alpha-hydroxy iso-acids and the degree of growth inhibition show a direct relationship. The increase in alpha-hydroxy iso-acid content of the sphingolipids was at the expense of the saturated normal and iso-acid components. The impact on the physiology of the cells can be envisaged as the result of changes in membrane fluidity due to the presence of high levels of iso-fatty acids without an accompanying reduction in unsaturated acids. PMID- 810160 TI - Specificity of lipoxygenases. Thermal isomerisations of linoleate hydroperoxides, a phenomenon affecting the determination of isomeric ratios. PMID- 810161 TI - Tissue distribution of EDTA encapsulated within liposomes of varying surface properties. AB - Liposomes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were prepared with different surface properties by varying the liposomal lipid constituents. Positively charged liposomes were prepared with a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine. Negatively charged liposomes were prepared with a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and phosphatidylserine. Neutral liposomes were prepared with phosphatidylcholine alone, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine alone, or with a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Distribution of 14C-labeled EDTA were determined in mouse tissues from 5 min to 24 h after a single intravenous injection of liposome preparation. Differences in tissue distribution were produced by the different liposomal lipid compositions. Uptake of EDTA by spleen and marrow was highest from negatively charged liposomes. Uptake of EDTA by lungs was highest from positively charged liposomes; lungs and brain retained relatively high levels of EDTA from these liposomes between 1 and 6 h after injection. Liver uptake of EDTA from positively or negatively charged liposomes was similar; the highest EDTA uptake by liver was from the neutral liposomes composed of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Liposomes composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine produced the lowest liposomal EDTA uptake observed in liver and marrow but modrate uptake by lungs. Tissue uptake and retention of EDTA from all of the liposome preparations were greater than those of non-encapsulated EDTA. The results presented demonstrate that the tissue distribution of a molecule can be modified by encapsulation of that substance into liposomes of different surface properties. Selective delivery of liposome-encapsulated drugs to specific tissues could be effectively used in chemotherapy and membrane biochemistry. PMID- 810162 TI - Succinate transport in Bacillus subtilis. Dependence on inorganic anions. AB - Cations were generally ineffective in stimulating succinate transport in a succinate dehydrogenase mutant of Bacillus subtilis unless accompanied by polyvalent anions; phosphate and sulfate being particularly active. The Km values for the phosphate or sulfate requirement were approx. 3 mM. Biphasic kinetics were characteristic of both the succinate (Km values 0.1 and 1 mM), and inorganic phosphate (Km values 0.1 and 3 mM) transport system(s). The phosphate transport system(s) was repressed by high inorganic phosphate and a coordinate increase in the transport of phosphate, arsenate, and phosphate-stimulated succinate transport accompanied growth in low phosphate media. A class of arsenate resistant mutants were simultaneously defective in the transport of arsenate, phosphate and succinate when cells were repressed for phosphate transport, however, the transport of these ions was regained in these mutants when grown in low phosphate media. Organic phosphate esters did not stimulate succinate transport in arsenate resistant mutants but were effective after growth in low phosphate media. Growth under phosphate limitation permitted the simultaneous regain of both phosphate and sulfate dependent succinate transport activities whereas sulfate limitation alone was ineffective. Succinate was not transported by an anion exchange diffusion mechanism since phosphate efflux was low or absent during succinate transport. The transport of C4-dicarboxylates in B. subtilis is strongly stimulated by intracellular polyvalent anions. The absence of an anion permeability mechanism precludes succinate transport but partial escape from this restriction is mediated by the derepression of a phosphate transport system. PMID- 810163 TI - Membrane mobility agent alters the consequences of lectin-cell interaction in a malignant cell membrane. AB - The membrane mobility agent 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl 8-cis-2-n-octyl cyclopropyl)-octanoate promotes cap formation from wheat germ agglutinin-receptor combinations at the expense of agglutination in membranes of malignant mastocytoma cells. PMID- 810164 TI - Guinea pig liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase: compartmented or phospholipid-constrained? AB - 1. Three mechanical methods for disrupting membranes substantially stimulated two forward reactions and a reverse reaction of UDPglucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.1.7) in guinea-pig liver microsomes. Stimulation of glucuronyltransferase was highly significant and at lease as extensive as that of nucleoside diphosphatase, reportedly a marker intracisternal enzyme. 2. Stimulation of glucuronyltransferase did not appear to be caused by induction of lipid peroxidation or by lipid hydrolysis during membrane disruption. 3. Addition of phospholipid dispersions failed to significantly re-constrain glucuronyltransferase stimulated by mechanical disruption and did not markedly inhibit the enzyme in untreated control microsomes. 4. Compartmentation appears at least as feasible an explanation for the latency of glucuronyltransferase in guinea-pig liver microsomes as is its conformational constraint by membrane phospholipids. Compartmentation of glucuronyltransferase is functionally attractive since it would ensure its effective interaction with nucleoside diphosphatase on the cisternal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. This would tend to make conjugation reactions unidirectional. PMID- 810165 TI - Isolation and characterization of three phospholipases A from the crotoxin complex. AB - 1. Three phospholipases A (phosphatide acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) have been isolated from the crotoxin complex, the main toxic compound of the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. 2. Two basic phospholipases A were highly purified from the crotoxin complex by single chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The yields were 10% and 38% (w/w), respectively. They showed no differences with regard to isoelectric point, enzymatic activity, immunological properties, and toxicity. One acidic phospholipase A, purified to a final yield of 1-3% by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, was found to have one third of the specific enzymatic activity of the basic enzymes. The acidic phospholipase A was nontoxic and antigenically different from the basic enzymes. 3. Crotapotin, an acidic peptide of the crotoxin complex (31% yield, w/w), potentiated the toxicity and inhibited the enzymatic activity of the basic phospholipase A isoenzymes, but did not interact with the acidic phospholipase A. 4. The purified enzymes were homogeneous with respect to cellogel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. 5. The molecular weights of the three phospholipases were found to be in the same range as determined by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine - HCl (14 500) and dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis (15 800). The isoelectric points of these enzymes were at 9.7 and 4.8 for the first two and the third, respectivlar. The acidic enzyme contained more acidic instead of basic amino acid residues. The two methionine residues of each phospholipase were found to be positioned nearby the NH2 - and the C-terminal of the protein chains. A third methionine residue was demonstrated in the acidic phospholipase A. Fingerprint maps of the basic enzymes showed only slight differences. 7. NH2 - and C-terminal sequence analyses indicated a striking homology between the three Crotalus phospholipase A isoenzymes and several phospholipases from other sources. PMID- 810166 TI - Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase complex from monkey small intestine. Purification, properties and evidence for two catalytic sites. AB - Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.-) has been purified from the monkey small intestine by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographic procedures and the properties of the purified enzyme complex have been studied. Lactose was the most active substrate. Cellobiose and other synthetic hetero-beta-glycosides were hydrolysed at a very much reduced rate. The rate of hydrolysis of phlorizin was about 2.5% that of lactose. Lactase and phlorizin hydrolase activities were indistinguishable by heat inactivation experiments. The purified enzyme complex also hydrolysed cerebrosides. Lactose hydrolysis was competitively inhibited by phlorizin as well as by the brain cerebroside. However, there was no mutual inhibition between phlorizin and the brain cerebroside. It is suggested that the native enzyme complex might have two catalytic sites, a phlorizin site and a cerebroside site but both hydrolysing lactose. PMID- 810167 TI - Comparative studies on electrophoretic mobility and immunogenicity of pancreatic and parotid amylases of rat. AB - 1. The alpha-amylases (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) of rat serum, urine, pancreas, parotid gland and liver were separated by electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane. They were found to be of three different types: a parotid gland type, a pancreatic type and a liver type. Rat serum and urine contained parotid type amylase only. 2. Antisera were prepared in rabbits against purified rat pancreatic amylase and parotid amylase. In addition to strong reactions between pancreatic amylase and its antiserum and between parotid amylase and its antiserum, a weak cross-reaction was observed between parotid amylase and anti-pancreatic amylaseserum. Anti-parotid-amylase serum gave an immunoprecipitation line with rat serum and urine, but anti-pancreatic-amylase serum did not, indicating that the amylases in serum and urine originate from parotid amylase. PMID- 810168 TI - A rapid method of purification of human granulocyte cationic neutral proteases: purification and further characterization of human granulocyte elastase. AB - Human granulocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.-) was isolated and purified (yield = 62%, purity = 91-100%) by a new short procedure using affinity chromatography using phenylbutylamine covalently linked to Affi-Gel. The granulocyte elastase was found to have a molecular weight of 34 400 by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight obtained from the amino acid composition was 34 970. The composition of elastase purified from normal leucocytes showed some significant differences from that of enzyme purified by others from leukemic leucocytes. The granulocyte elastase hydrolysed typical pancreatic elastase substrates like Boc-Ala-ONp and Ac-(Ala)3-Nan. The enzyme was also found to have a weak enzymatic activity in hydrolysing acetyl-L-phenylalanine-alpha-naphthyl ester, a typical chymotrypsin substrate. A monospecific antiserum raised against the purified enzyme gave a single precipitin line with the pure enzyme and also with crude granular extract, both lines being identical. PMID- 810169 TI - Chromatographic purification of a mammalian histidine decarboxylase on charged and non-charged alkyl derivatives of agarose. AB - Histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22) from a mouse mastocytoma has been purified by chromatography on charged and non-charged n-alkyl derivatives of agarose. The former was represented by the coupling product of CNBr-activated agarose and alkylmonoamines (alkylamino-agarose), the latter by the coupling of agarose and alkylglycidyl ehters (alkyl agarose). The choice of fractionation medium was restricted by the enzyme stability; excessively high ionic strength media could not be used. Under the conditions investigated, the best result was obtained with the non-charged ocytl agarose. The enzyme was adsorbed to this gel at a relatively high ionic strength, and on stepwise decrease in ionic stength of the eluting buffer it was desorbed with a total recovery of 80%. There was an approx. 10-fold increase in specific activity. The histidine decarboxylase, thus purified, retained 90-100% of its activity for 10 days or more at 6-8 degrees C. Some general comments on protein fractionation on charged and non-charged alkyl derivatives of agarose are given. The complexity of protein interaction with the charged alkyl derivatives is illustrated by experiments with a colored protein, phycoerythrin. PMID- 810170 TI - Human pituitary luteinizing hormone. Isolation and characterization of four glycoproteins with luteinizing activity. AB - Two major and two minor components of human luteinizing hormone (lutropin) were isolated from whole frozen pituitaries by a procedure involving extraction of homogenized pituitaries, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE cellulose, Sephadex G-100, and SE-Sephadex C-50 and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The isolation procedure was monitored by both bioassays and radioimmunoassays. Contamination of the final products by other pituitary hormone activities was very low. The four lutropin components were all homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a sieving medium) and by free zone electrophoresis (a non-sieving medium). No heterogeneity was observed when the components were studied in the ultracentrifuge by sedimentation-equilibrium technique. The molecular weights of the components were in the range of 34 000-40 000. Sedimentation velocity experiments with the two major components revealed in each case one boundary with S20,W values of 3.2 S and 3.5 S. Further evidence for the homogeneity of the components was the observation of only one precipitin line for each component upon immunodiffusion against a rabbit anti-human lutropin serum. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses indicated close similarity among the four components. From the analysis data the molecular weights of the components were calculated to be 31 000-33 000. PMID- 810171 TI - Beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus. Molecular properties and oligomeric structure. AB - Bacillus pumilus beta-D-xylosidase, purified by affinity chromatography, seems to be homogeneous, as judged by disc electrophoresis and gel filtration. The absorption coefficient at 280 nm, Ao, 1% 1cm, determined by the dry weight method, is 1.78. The complete amino acid composition is determined. Sedimentation velocity studies show the presence of two components with S20, W values of 10.0 S and 6.6 S. After glutaraldehyde cross-linking two, enzymically active, components, with apparent molecular weights 126 000 and 243 000, can be isolated by preparative sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. These values are confirmed by analytical disc electrophoresis at different acrylamide concentrations. The subunit molecular weight is 60 000. L-Methionine is the only N-terminal amino acid detectable. The possible presence of both dimeric and tetrameric forms of the beta-D-xylosidase in solution has to be envisaged. PMID- 810172 TI - Control of membrane protein synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In synchronous cultures of Bacillus subtilis 168/S grown on succinate as a sole carbon source (mean generation time 115 min), chromosome initiation occurs at the beginning of the cell cycle but the rate of membrane protein synthesis doubles in mid-cycle more or less coincident with nuclear segregation. In glucose-grown cultures, the doubling in rate of membrane protein synthesis occurs at about the same time as nuclear segregation and DNA initiation at the beginning of the cycle. Control of the rate of membrane synthesis by the chromosome has been demonstrated by inhibiting DNA synthesis using thymine starvation and showing that membrane protein synthesis continues at a constant rate, whereas the rate of cytoplasmic protein synthesis almost doubles. I suggest that the replication of a region at or close to the chromosome terminus is required to allow the doubling in rate of membrane synthesis. PMID- 810173 TI - A very rapidly migrating f1 histone associated with gene-sized pieces of DNA in the macronucleus of Oxytricha sp. AB - Histones bound to gene-sized pieces of DNA in the macronucleus of Oxytricha sp. consist of five main fractions: f1, f2a1, f2a2, f2b and f3. Although the slightly lysine-rich and the arginine-rich histones in Oxytricha macronuclei are similar to comparable fractions in vertebrates, the lysine-rich f1 fraction differs. Oxytricha f1 is unique among eukaryotes in that it migrates faster than f2a1 and is located nearest the cathode in polyacrylamide-urea gels. PMID- 810174 TI - Synthesis and translation site of light-induced mRNAs in etiolated Euglena gracilis. AB - Poly(a)-mRNA synthesis has been studied in etiolated Euglena gracilis exposed to 1 or 2 h of illumination. 1. Labeling kinetics of mRNAs containing poly(A) sequences, during illumination or after return to darkness, reach a plateau in 10 or 20 min according to nutritional conditions. When the cultures are returned to darkness, the mRNA synthesis decreases rapidly. Thus, the synthesis of these mRNAs (light-induced mRNAs) is dependent on light and their half-life can be evaluated. 2. Cycloheximide induces accumulation of label in poly(A)-containing mRNA; such an accumulation is not observed after addition of lincomycin. Labeling during illumination of mRNA in a chloroplast mutant is similar to that in the wild type strain. These data suggest that the poly(A)-mRNAs synthesized in the two first hours of illumination are translated on cytoplasmic polyribosomes. PMID- 810175 TI - Partial purification of endonuclease activity from human lymphoblasts. Separation of activities for depurinated DNA and DNA irradiated with ultraviolet light. AB - Crude extracts of cultured human lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM) contain endonuclease activity that cleaves ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in preference to untreated DNA. Purification of this activity was carried out using ultraviolet-irradiated PM2 phage DNA (5000 ergs/mm2) as substrate in the enzyme assay. Since endonuclease specific for depurinated or depyrimidinated DNA might account for the apparent ultraviolet-irradiated DNA-specific activity, fractions derived during purification were also assayed with partially depurinated DNA. Chromatography of a 45-60% (NH4)2SO4 fraction on a Sephadex G-100 column yielded a peak of activity (35 000 daltons) highly active against depurinated DNA but also active for ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. Further purification by DEAE-cellulose chromatography resolved two activities. One was highly specific for depurinated DNA with only minor activity for ultraviolet-irradiated DNA, and was strongly stimulated by Mg2+. The other was non-specifically active against ultraviolet-irradiated or untreated DNA and was independent of Mg2+. Additional studies suggest that neither of these two activities but a third enzyme is responsible for the ultraviolet-irradiated DNA-specific endonuclease activity observed in crude cell extracts. PMID- 810176 TI - Rapid modulation of lipogenesis by clofibrate in rat and monkey hepatocytes. AB - Previous studies have proposed various possible mechanisms for the hypolipidemic actions of clofibrate. In the present study, isolated liver cells freshly prepared from rats and squirrel monkeys were used to investigate the acute effects of sodium clofibrate (sodium chlorophenoxyisobutyrate) on hepatic lipogenesis. Incubation of liver cells with levels of the drug (1 mM) known to lower plasma lipid level in vivo produced a rapid inhibition of [14C]acetate incorporation into cellular lipids. The degree of inhibition caused by the drug was not diminished by preincubation with an excess of unlabeled acetate. Conversion of [14C]acetate to 14CO2 was not significantly altered by sodium clofibrate at 1--3 mM levels, but was decreased at 5--10 mM levels. Incorporation of [14C]acetate into all lipid classes was suppressed by this agent, but inhibition of sterol synthesis was more pronounced than that of fatty acids. Sodium clofibrate (1 mM) reduced the synthesis of sterols from either labeled acetate or labeled mevalonate to a similar degree, but the decline was augmented in each case by a 30-min preincubation of the cells with sodium clofibrate. Addition of fatty acids to cell incubations stimulated sterol generation from [14C] acetate or from [3H] mevalonate, but did not reverse the inhibitory effects of the drug. These results suggest (a) the sodium clofibrate rapidly interferes with hepatic fatty acid and sterol synthesis by direct or indirect actions at diverse loci; (b) that these effects probably occur after acetyl-CoA formation and do not stem from precursor pool dilution; (c) that sodium clofibrate diminishes sterol production at post-mevalonic and perhaps also at pre-mevalonic sites; (d) that a similar pattern of inhibition occurs with sodium clofibrate in the presence of added fatty acids; and (e) that rat and primate livers demonstrate similar metabolic responses to the drug. PMID- 810177 TI - Cellular retinol-binding protein. AB - 1. A protein which binds retinol in vitro with high affinity and specificity was detected by sucrose gradient centrifugation or by gel filtration after preincubating rat tissue cytosols with all-trans-[3H]retinol. This protein sediments in the 2 S region of sucrose gradients. Molecular size determination by gel filtration indicates a molecular weight of 16 000. 2. Competition studies revealed that only all-trans-retinol, not retinal or retinoic acid, competes for binding. The binding of radioactive retinol is reversible. 3. This protein was detected in cytosols of rat liver, lung, spleen, brain, testis, ovaries, uterus and intestinal mucosa whereas heart or gastrocnemius muscle seem to lack this protein. 4. The cellular retinol binding protein was found in fetuses as early as day 12 of the gestation period and possessed the same specificity for the ligand as the one in adult tissues. 5. This binding component was not detected in cytosols prepared from Novikoff hepatoma, ascites hepatoma AS-30D, mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor and mouse pituitary tumor cell line AtT 20. 6. The cellular retinol binding protein seems to be different from that described to be present in the serum as suggested by difference in size and by the inability of the antisera against the serum retinol binding protein to remove the cellular binding protein from the cytosol preparations. PMID- 810178 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity and erythrocyte count in the blood of zinc-deficient rats. AB - Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. They were offered a semisynthetic casein diet containing either 1.2 mg Zn/kg dry matter (depletion group) or 100 mg Zn/kg dry matter (ad libitum and pair-fed control groups). At the beginning and on the 5th and 24th day of the experiment, blood was removed from a tail vein by incision to determine erythrocyte count and carbonic anhydrase activity. The zinc-depleted animals displayed a great increase in erythrocytes during the course of the experiment as compared to the ad libitum control animals. The erythrocyte counts of the pair-fed animals were also increased after 24 days on experiment, but remained significantly lower than those of the depleted animals. The activity of the carbonic anhydrase per ml blood was the same in all groups at the end of the experiment. When, however, the carbonic anhydrase activity was expressed per unit of erythrocytes, the zinc deficient animals had a significantly lower enzyme activity than both the ad libitum and the pair-fed control rats. PMID- 810179 TI - Enzymatic properties of prostaglandin synthetase from bovine seminal vesicles. AB - The relative quantities of PGE2 and PGF2alpha biosynthesized are strictly dependent on the concentration of the precursor, arachidonate, on the nature and on the quantity of sulfhydrylated cofactor present. The sigmoid aspect of the curve of PGF2alpha biosynthesis as a function of arachidonate concentration is directly dependent on the GSH concentration. Treatment of the microsomes by low concentrations of HgCl (5 muM) modifies the kinetics of PGE2 and PGF2alpha biosynthesis. Similarly, the presence of L-8027, a competitive inhibitor, alters qualitatively and quantitatively the production of PGE2 and PGF2alpha as a function of arachidonate concentration. PMID- 810180 TI - [Control of glycogen biosynthesis in fetal rat liver]. AB - We have studied through the late foetal period of the rat, the evolution of two enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism of the liver : UDPG glycogen synthetase (a and b forms) and branching enzyme. The activities were measured during the development of normal foetuses and of foetuses experimentally deprived of corticosteroids. In normal foetus the activity of glycogen synthetase and the branching enzyme increased progressively between days 18 and 21 ; but the percentage of glycogen synthetase a increased promptly between days 18 and 19. This variation coincides with the beginning of glycogen accumulation in the liver. In foetuses submitted to corticosteroid shortage, the activity of each enzyme, and the amount of glycogen in the liver, were reduced at term. Cortisol given to the decapited foetus restores subnormal glycogen storage and normal activity of branching enzyme. The activity of synthetase a was slightly increased but remained very low ; only synthetase b was restored to normal. It seems that there is no relationship between the synthesis of glycogen, in the foetal rat liver, and the activity of synthetase a. PMID- 810181 TI - Studies on protoporphyrin biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; characterization of the tetrapyrrole intermediates. AB - An acellular extract of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incubated with ALA, is able to synthesize protoporphyrin from this precursor. Several tetrapyrrole intermediates were extracted from the medium and purified by silica gel chromatography. The chromatographic behaviour and the spectral properties of the isolated seven free carboxylic porphyrins (and of the corresponding esters), show that each product has a different carboxyle number, varying from eight (uroporphyrin) to two (protoporphyrin). The identification of five of them (octa- to tetracarboxymethyl-porphyrinester) is confirmed by mass spectrometry. The effect of physical factors (temperature, pH, time) on the protoporphyrin biosynthesis system indicates that the enzymes catalysing the first steps of the pathway (ALA leads to Coproporphyrin) are more stable than those catalysing the last steps (Coproporphyrin leads to Protoporphyrin). Results obtained with some enzymatic inhibitors (EDTA, OP, pCMB) show the sensitivity of the ALA dehydratase to OP and to pCMB (confirming therefore its nature as a metallo- and sulfhydryl enzyme) and also of the overall porphyrin synthesis system to these three agents. PMID- 810182 TI - A model of neural network extracting binocular parallax. PMID- 810183 TI - [Population-genetics characteristics of the aboriginal population of Primorsk territory]. PMID- 810184 TI - [Influence of some substances on the absorption of radioactive strontium by bone crystals. I]. PMID- 810185 TI - [Change in the accumulation of dibenzyldimethylammonium by irradiated cells of Streptococcus under the effects of modifiers of radiation injury]. PMID- 810186 TI - Late effects of neonatal undernutrition and overnutrition on pituitary-thyroidal and gonadal function. AB - Neonatal rats were underfed or overfed and then, at weaning, placed on a normal diet and allowed to mature. Although overfed rats were obese at weaning, they were of normal weight when mature. The underfed rats remained smaller all their lives. The endocrine organs did not share in this retardation, and were actually larger in several instances when expressed per 100 g body weight. Underfed rats also had delayed eye-opening, normal puberty and normal estrous cycles. Pituitary, hypothalamic and serum TSH concentrations were normal, or even increased (in the underfed females). The responses to propylthiouracil and to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were both normal. Thus the tertiary hypothyroidism reported in underfed rats 16 days old did not persist into adult life. In all comparisons the males had higher serum TSH concentrations than females and usually had a greater response to TRH stimulation. The various persistent endocrine abnormalities resulting from neonatal thyrotoxicosis differ from those seen after neonatal caloric deprivation in all pertinent regards except that both have reduced body weights. PMID- 810188 TI - The heterocysts of blue-green algae (Myxophyceae). PMID- 810187 TI - Changes in tissue glycogen of recovering asphyxiated newborn monkeys. AB - Newborn rhesus monkeys were used to investigate the relation between the duration of total asphyxia and the magnitude of the postasphyctic cerebral glycogen hyper deposition response. The latter has been observed to occur following episodes of total asphyxia lasting 12.5 min and to be maximal at 12 h into the recovery period. The changes in glycogen contents of other vital organs were also studied. A minimum duration of 9 min of total asphyxia was required for the first elicitation of the cerebral glycogen hyperdeposition response. The magnitude of the response once elicited did not vary whatever the duration of the asphyxia beyond 9 and up to 30 min. During the actual episodes of total asphyxia, the glycogen content of the brain diminished more rapidly and completely than did that of kidney or heart. The hepatic, pulmonary and muscle glycogen contents did not change significantly either during asphyxia or during the recovery period. PMID- 810189 TI - Proximal renal tubular acidosis in vitamin D deficiency rickets. AB - A proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is the mechanism underlying the systemic acidosis found in vitamin D deficiency rickets. Acidotic subjects have high levels of PTH. In non-acidotic subjects proximal bicarbonate wasting can be induced by exogenous PTH injection. Carbonic anhydrase activity is not involved in this process. Calcium infusion is able to suppress both the spontaneous and the PTH-induced bicarbonate leak. The development of RTA in vitamin D deficiency is related to a particular equilibrium between two antagonizing factors at tubular level, parathyroid hormone and calcium. PMID- 810191 TI - A multigroup model for predator-prey interactions. AB - The predator-prey interactions between the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis and the bacterium Aerobacter aerogenes have been studied experimentally and mathematically. A mathematical model for the ciliates defines the mass distribution of cells within the population. The resulting model equations are solved by the use of multigroup theory. Experimental data from batch and continuous flow rectors are compared with the results of the numerical integration. PMID- 810190 TI - The frequency distribution of heavy chain classes and light chain types of 1,000 monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - In 1000 patients with monoclonal gammapathies, heavy and light chains typing of the monoclonal Ig was performed. Class distribution of the heavy chains showed the following percentages : IgG = 56.60%; IgA = 17.0%; IgM = 14.5%; IgD = 0.3%; Light chain gammapathies (including Bence-Jones proteinuria without serum M component) = 11.6%. The chi/lambda ratio was 663/337. Such results agree with figures from most statistical studies. Beside the well-known linkage between IgM and chi types in pathological macroglobulinemia, the quite high incidence of lambda chain type of light chain components is to be noticed. The frequency of gamma G type of M-component is significantly higher in patients demonstrating no symptoms of myeloma or lymphoma. chi/lambda ratio seems to be slightly affected by aetiological features. PMID- 810192 TI - On the viscoelasticity of anticoagulated whole human blood in steady shear as tested by rheogoniometric measurements of normal forces. PMID- 810193 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in the cells of monkeys that have undergone acute irradiation with the use of chemical protection]. AB - The rate and type of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells and circulating lymphocytes of the gamma-irradiated monkeys prophylactically treated with cystamine and mexamine 5-10 minutes before the irradiation was studied. The number of chromosomal aberrations 9-10 years after the gamma-irradiation (600-650 r) of the protected monkeys was similar to that in the animals irradiated without protection. Symmetrical chromosomal changes were most freuqent in all the monkeys long after the irradition, including the animals treated with radioprotectors. PMID- 810195 TI - Forensic psychiatry and psychopathic patients. PMID- 810194 TI - Mediators of passive lung anaphylaxis in the rat. AB - Passive lung anaphylaxis (PLA) was investigated in rats sensitized by the intravenous injection of high titre reaginic antiserum prepared in rats. 2 The effect of various pharmacological antagonists on anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in vivo were examined. An antihistamine (mepyramine), a kallikrein inactivator (aprotinin) or a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (aspirin) did not inhibit PLA, whereas an anti-5-hydroxytryptamine agent (methysergide) and an anti-slow reacting substance-A agent (FPL 55712) significantly reduced the response. 3 Isolated perfused lungs taken from sensitized rats released, on challenge with the sensitizing antigen, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and prostaglandins, but no rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS). 4 Disodium cromoglycate inhibited both anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in vivo and the anaphylactic release of mediators in vitro. Inhibition in vivo was dose-related. 5 Mediators from the intestine, the primary shock organ of anaphylaxis in the rat, did not contribute to the lung response. 6 Vagal reflex pathways were found not to be important in PLA in vivo. 7 The relationship between the mediators released following antigen challenge of passively sensitized rat lung in vitro and passive lung anaphylaxis in vivo is discussed. PMID- 810196 TI - Epilepsy and automatism. PMID- 810197 TI - The assessment and progress of long-stay and elderly psychiatric patients: the predictive validity of a ward behaviour questionnaire. AB - This paper describes an attempt to validate a behaviour rating scale used to predict the likelihood of discharge among elderly and long-stay patients in a psychiatric hospital. The scale measured behaviour on the ward as rated by nursing staff. The scale was a sensitive predictor of discharge among those with a low score (indicating least disability), except for patients with organic psychoses. However, many patients with low scores were not discharged. In order to improve the scale's use as a screening technique additional information was considered. The significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 810198 TI - A double-blind trial of intravenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the treatment of reactive depression. AB - In a double-blind trial 600 mug. of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was compared with placebo given daily for four days to two groups of ten patients. There was no significant difference between the antidepressant effects of TRH and placebo. PMID- 810199 TI - Paravertebral ossification in psoriasis and Reiter's disease. AB - In a retrospective study of psoriatic arthropathy and Reiter's disease, it is shown that paravertebral ossification (PVO), of the type described by Bywaters and Dixon (1965) and other types of non-marginal syndesmophytes (McEwan et al., 1971) may be the sole or major radiological abnormality. This sign is of particular value where the appearances of the sacro-iliac or other joints are normal or equivocal and is at least as significant as the peripheral I.P. joint involvement in the hands, where these conditions are suspected. This radiological sign may precede the typical psoriatic rash. PMID- 810200 TI - Caustic strictures of the oesophagus. AB - Twenty-two cases of corrosive oesophageal strictures were reviewed and divided into annular, short segment and long segment lesions. The lower third of the oeseophagus was involved in all the long segment strictures, but with sparing of the extreme distal portion in most. Irregularity of the stricture walls with an appearance similar to reported cases of intramural diverticulosis is a common finding but smooth strictures can also occur. PMID- 810201 TI - Periosteal new bone formation developing during haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. AB - Periosteal new bone formation in the pelvis is reported in five patients on maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. In two of the cases the shafts of long bones were also involved. The associated radiological and biochemical findings suggest that this unusual radiological feature may be a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In one patient in whom the plasma phosphate and calcium X phosphate [Ca X P1] product were reduced there was partial incorporation of the periosteal new bone into the underlying cortex. PMID- 810202 TI - Pharmaco-radiology in barium examinations with special reference to glucagon. AB - The reasons for and objections to the use of drugs as adjuncts in barium meal and follow-through examinations are briefly reviewed. Physiological factors related to gastric emptying are considered, including the volume, temperature and osmolarity. The drugs considered include those that speed gastric emptying and small bowel transit such as metoclopramide, those that delay gastric emptying such as propantheline and gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon. Glucagon first produces gastric and duodenal dilatation and subsequently speeds transit through the small bowel. The indications, contra-indications and side effects of these drugs are also considered and tabulated. PMID- 810203 TI - A widely applicable method for computing dose distributions from external megavoltage beams. AB - A method of computing megavoltage dose distributions using an empirical mathematical model is described. The dose at a point in a medium is calculated as the product of a central axis percentage depth dose, a crossplot factor and a wedge factor. For a given set of conditions (i.e. type of machine, source-skin distance and wedge) 16 parameters are required to calculate the values of the three factors and hence the dose at any point. These parameters can be obtained from a relatively small number of experimental measurements. Dose distributions from a variety of different treatment machines have been computed by the method, and some comparisons of the calculated and measured doses have been made using "Goodness of Fit" score values. These show that the use of the method as a basis for computer treatment planning should be clinically acceptable. PMID- 810204 TI - A proposed method for making reduced wax compensators for use with high-energy radiation beams. PMID- 810205 TI - An unusual complication of calyceal diverticulum. PMID- 810206 TI - An improved surgical technique for intra-vesical resection of bladder diverticula. AB - A technique for the resection of bladder diverticula which lessens the chance of injury to the ureter, vas deferens or the innervation of the bladder is described. PMID- 810207 TI - Radiation enteritis following radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. AB - Two cases of radiation enteritis and small bowel obstruction are reported following supervoltage radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. The mechanisms of radiation injury to the small bowel and contributing factors are discussed. It is suggested that lymph node staging procedures for carcinoma of the prostate be done extraperitoneally in order to avoid the enhanced sensitivity of small bowel to radiation injury following transperitoneal procedures. PMID- 810208 TI - Placental transfer of blood gases. PMID- 810209 TI - Storage and supply of fatty acids before and after birth. PMID- 810210 TI - Thyroid function in the fetus and newborn mammal. PMID- 810211 TI - Rhesus sensitization associated with I.U.D. in pregnancy. PMID- 810212 TI - Editorial: Viral haemorrhagic fevers. PMID- 810213 TI - Anthrax in the Gambia: an epidemiological study. AB - Epidemiological data on 448 cases of human cutaneous anthrax from the Gambia showed that this particular strain of anthrax bacillus causes widespread morbidity and some mortality with, at the same time, subclinical infection. Analysis also showed that anthrax is not an occupationally related disease in the Gambia.The possibility of human-to-human spread, affecting all age groups and both sexes, by means of a communal toilet article was also shown. The fact that the strain is a good toxin producer but contains a weak antigen may have accounted for the repeated clinical infection and the fact that antibody titres were generally transient. Subclinical infection in animals was also found, particularly in sheep and goats, and also, with an unusually low mortality, in cows. Insect vectors were not excluded, but were unlikely. Vultures may spread the disease from village to village. Some possible public health and immunization procedures are discussed, with a view to containing this difficult problem in this part of west Africa. PMID- 810214 TI - The sympathetic nervous system in diabetic neuropathy. A clinical and pathological study. AB - Tests of autonomic function were performed on 16 subjects with diabetic neuropathy. Abnormal sweating occurred in 10/10 (100 per cent), postural hypotension in 7/16 (44 per cent), an abnormal Valsalva ratio in 7/11 (64 per cent), and denervation hypersensitivity to phenylephrine in 2/8 (25 per cent) of patients tested. A quantitative assessment of baroreceptor function was made. In diabetics, there was a reduced resting heart period, heart period range and mean gain. Quantitative histological studies were performed on the greater splanchnic nerves removed at autopsy from 9 control subjects and from 8 subjects with diabetic neuropathy. The fibre density was significantly reduced in the greater splanchnic nerve of diabetics. The predominant pathology on teased fibre preparations was that of demyelination. Disordered blood pressure control in diabetes correlated with the pathological abnormalities in the sympathetic nervous system. Light and electronmicroscopic studies were performed on the sural nerves of 2 diabetic subjects with autonomic dysfunction. The predominant change was active axonal degeneration affecting mainly unmyelinated and small myelinated fibres. PMID- 810215 TI - Inhibitions of feeding examined in rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic disconnexions. AB - In rhesus monkeys with knife cuts which disconnected the ventromedial hypothalamus and produced hypothalamic hyperphagia, we have studied a variety of stimuli known to reduce food intake: weight gain, emotionally arousing stimuli, bitter-tasting food, amphetamine, and pre-prandial intragastric infusion of nutrient. We demonstrate that these animals are similar to animals with ventromedial lesions in passing through a "dynamic" phase of overeating and weight gain and then stabilizing their body weight at a new level by reducing their feeding in a "static" phase. These animals are also more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of noise and bad taste in food. They, however, are less sensitive to the anorexic action of amphetamine. These results suggest that the ventromedial region is not crucial for the inhibitions produced by emotional arousal under our experimental conditions, but plays some role in amphetamine anorexia. Amphetamine is likely to have some specific anorexic action beyond its potential for arousal, since the same animals which are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of arousal are also resistant to amphetamine. Finally these hyperphagic animals do not differ from intact controls in the reduction of food intake produced by preloading with intragastric nutrient. This result is not consistent with the concepts that hypothalamic hyperphagia is caused by a disruption of satiety and that the ventromedial hypothalmic region is a crucial "satiety" centre. PMID- 810216 TI - The ascent of man: deductions based on a multivariate analysis of the brain. AB - This paper attempts to investigate taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships through an analysis of the distribution of mass within the brain. A multivariate analysis was performed on encephalization ratios for various divisions of the brain, employing volume measurements reported for 63 species by Stephan et al. [1970]. The ratios for each brain region were considered to lie along one of the dimensions of eight dimensional 'brain space', and distances between all species were calculated and employed in the determination of 'family trees'. It was assumed that modern species have, in many cases, brains representative of different stages of an evolutionary progression towards higher encephalization, and it was assumed that no 'backwards evolution' occurred. The family trees based on these data and assumptions were rigidly determined and do not represent mere opinion but, rather, inescapable conclusions if one accepts the premises. Most of the findings were in very good agreement with traditional or popular ideas, and this includes conclusions that tree shrews were ancestral to prosimians and that simians are derived from a tarsioid ancestor. Other findings, however, were just as strikingly deviant from current popular and expert thought. Present methods demanded, for example, that man must have a platyrrhine ancestry. While one may reject this particular conclusion it remains true that by present measures the human brain is much more like that of an American wooley or spider monkey than like that of either the chimpanzee or the gorilla. PMID- 810217 TI - Amygdaloid projections to prefrontal granular cortex in rhesus monkey demonstrated with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 810218 TI - In vivo location and destruction of the locus coeruleus in the stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides). PMID- 810219 TI - Characteristics of head rotation and eye movement-related neurons in alert monkey vestibular nucleus. PMID- 810220 TI - Spatial and chromatic properties of neurons subserving foveal and parafoveal vision in rhesus monkey. AB - The response properties of neurons in the region of striate cortex subserving central retina (0 degrees-2 degrees) and in a region of representation of parafoveal retina (4 degrees-7 degrees) were studied in unanesthetized paralyzed macaque monkeys. Neurons sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus in the visual field (simple, complex, and hypercomplex), and neurons lacking orientation selectivity (concentric, and a new class termed uniform) were found. In foveal cortex non-oriented cells were more numerous, and orientation sensitive cells had less strict spatial stimulus requirements than in parafoveal cortex. Most neurons received a monocular input, either exclusively or very predominantly. Three types of neurons were recognized on the basis of their responses to chromatic stimuli. (1) Luminosity neurons (about half the population) gave the same qualitative response to all effective wayelengths and had a spectral sensitivity similar to that of the macaque, determined behaviorally. Cells with all spatial types of receptive fields, except simple, occurred in this group. (2) Spectrally-treated neurons also responded in the same manner to different wavelengths, but over a narrower range than luminosity neurons, and their maximal sensitivity was shifted toward one or the other end of the visible spectrum. All tuned neurons had uniform or complex receptive field. (3) Spectrally-opponent neurons were either excited or inhibited by long wavelengths and responded in the opposite manner to short wavelengths. For cells with uniform or complex receptive fields the two opponent systems were coextensive. Simple or concentric neurons often had dual opponent organization. The distribution of functional types among different cortical layers was similar in parafoveal and foveal cortex. The functional attributes of ocular dominance and orientation sensitivity were found to be statistically independent dimensions of cortical organization. On the other hand, the correlation between spatial and chromatic properties did not vary between different cytoarchitectonic layers, a finding suggesting that these neuronal properties depend on conjoined projectional and intracortical connecting mechanisms. PMID- 810221 TI - Differential lipid deacylation during brain ischemia in a homeotherm and a poikilotherm. Content and composition of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols. AB - The free fatty acid (FFA) and triacylglycerol content and composition are compared in the mouse and toad brain during ischemia. Mouse brain FFA are rapidly increased after decapitation, the maximal production rates being attained within the first minutes. Free arachidonic and stearic acids undergo the highest increases, followed by palmitic, oleic and docosahexaenoic. In contrast, toad brain FFA only changes significantly several hours after decapitation. Triacylglycerols remain virtually unmodified in the amphibian brain during ischemia, whereas in the mammal they are partially decreased, reaching a nearly steady level at about 10 min. This triglyceride breakdown may represent a part, but cannot account for all the changes taking place in FFA. Uneven contributions to the FFA are shown for their counterparts in triacylglycerols. Although the neutral glycerides could be the source of free palmitic acid, they are not responsible for the increases in arachidonic and stearic acids. It is suggested that FFA mainly arise from polar lipid deacylation and a relationship is suggested between the slowness of FFA changes and the higher resistance of poikilotherms to oxygen deprivation. PMID- 810222 TI - Electrolyte distribution in toad sciatic nerve and spinal cord. AB - The distribution of Na+, K+ and water was studied in spinal cord, sciatic nerve and sartorius muscle of the toad, Bufo arenarum (Hensel). Electrolyte assays and sodium washout curves were made. In sartorius muscle, extracellular water was estimated to account for 18.9% of total tissue weight and the intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+ were 18.4 and 147.9 mEq/kg of intracellular water respectively. In spinal cord extracellular water was 17.2%, intracellular Na+ was 40.6 mEq/kg of water, and intracellular K+ was at a concentration of 134.5 mEq/kg. Interpretation of washout curves in sciatic nerve could not be as simple as in other tissues due to the connective sheath, and therefore electron micrograph measurements had to be made in order to estimate how much of the total tissue weight could be attributed to the sheath. Assuming that it had a water and electrolyte composition similar to that of plasma, the sheath corresponded to 22.3% of the nerves and contained a proportional fraction of Na+ and K+. These calculations left an 'excess' of Na+ and water to be distributed among the remaining components of sciatic nerve. Application of the pyroantimoniate histochemical technique for Na+ determination disclosed a large amount of precipitate among myelin lamellae both in sciatic nerve and in spinal cord. This might explain at least in part the distribution of the 'excess' Na+ in both nervous tissues. PMID- 810223 TI - Coding of steady and transient temperatures by cutaneous "cold" fibers serving the hand of monkeys. AB - Much of the neurophysiological data obtained from rapidly cooled skin surfaces can be related to the mean frequency of discharge in single cold fibers; mean frequency data obtained during steady skin temperatures are less informative. The deterioration of the frequency code during steady temperatures parallels the deterioration in psychophysical measurements of sensations of cold. However, small differences of steady skin temperature alter thermoregulatory responses demonstrating the central availability of detailed information about steady temperatures, even though the mean frequency of the individual cold fiber's adapted discharge lacks this information. Another parameter of the single fiber's response, the temporal arrangement of impulses, provides sufficient information during steady temperatures to account for published data on thermoregulatory responses. Thus the organization of the impulse pattern in cold fibers may constitute an additional code capable of conveying information about steady skin temperature centrally. PMID- 810224 TI - Nociception. PMID- 810225 TI - Projections of the hippocampus to the septal area in the squirrel monkey. AB - An experiment was performed to determine the projections of the anterior, central, and posterior regions of hippocampus to the spetum in the squirrel monkey. Lesions were placed in each of these regions of hippocampus in 18 animals. Survival times varied from 5 to 7 days. Tissues were stained principally by the Fink-Heimer I method for identification of degenerating axons and their terminals. Following lesions which destroyed one or more fields of the anterior third of hippocampus degenerating axons were traced through the fimbria and fornix to the lateral septal area where dense quantities of terminal degeneration were observed. Smaller quantities of terminal degeneration were noted in the nucleus accumbens as well. After lesions of the middle third of hippocampus terminal degeneration was observed in an intermediolateral position within the septum. Following lesions of the posterior third of hippocampus degenerating terminals were observed in the area of the medial septum. All regions of hippocampus send fibers to the nucleus of the diagonal band and to the olfactory tubercle. These findings indicate that in the primate the projection to the septum from the hippocampus is topographically organized along its longitudinal axis in a manner that links the anterior hippocampus to the lateral septum and the posterior hippocampus to the medial septum. PMID- 810226 TI - [Preparation of hyperimmune anti-D plasma by artificial immunization of Rh0(D) negative men (author's transl)]. PMID- 810227 TI - Hodgkin's disease: current recommendations for management. PMID- 810229 TI - Ovarian cancer in children--guide for a difficult decision. PMID- 810228 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, an approach to staging and therapy. PMID- 810230 TI - Measuring improved survival of cancer patients. PMID- 810232 TI - The immunoglobulin M molecule: isomeric forms of the monomer subunit. AB - We have devised a novel technique which uses a simple theoretical model to simulate the reduction of immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecules. By fitting the results of the simulated depolymerization to experimental data, we have obtained statistical evidence which suggests that two major isomeric forms of covalently bonded IgM monomer are liberated when human 19S IgM is reduced with dithiothreitol. The two heavy chains of isomer 1 are linked by two dilsulfide bridges, one in the segment designated the "hinge" region (position 337), the other penultimate to the COOH terminus of the chains (position 575). The half cystines at position 414, which are free in isomer 1, form an inter-heavy chain bridge in isomer 2. Theoretically, the relative proportions of the two forms of monomer liberated in the reduction depend upon the dithiothreitol concentration, with isomer 2 predominating at higher dithiothreitol concentrations. Although in this paper we have assumed the conventional structure of the IgM molecule, the liberation of isomers depends only upon a symmetrical arrangement of the three types of inter-heavy chain bonds in the cyclic 19S pentamer. PMID- 810231 TI - Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP). Effects on growth and modeling of the rat tibia. AB - One hundred gram male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups which were injected daily for 10 or 30 days with vehicle (control group), 0.2, 0.4, 2.0, or 10.0 mg ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP)/kg/day. The proximal tibial metaphysis and epiphysis were assayed for changes in percentage of hard tissue and bone formation factors. Knowing these, information about hard tissue resorption was deduced. After ten or thirty days treatment with 2.0 or 10.0 mg EHDP/kg/day, there was an increase in percentage of hard tissue. This was due to a decrease in bone formation with a greater decrease in hard tissue resorption. Furthermore, after thirty days treatment with 0.2 and 0.4 mg EHDP/kg/day, there was an increase in percentage of hard tissue, which was due to a decrease in resorption with no change in formation. Ultrastructural studies on osteoclasts from EHDP-treated rats showed a general decrease in their vacuolization and amount of organelles as dosage of EHDP increased. Histologic findings suggest that EHDP is similar to fluoride in the way in which it depresses hard tissue resorption. PMID- 810233 TI - Isolation and characterization of J-chain from bovine colostral immunoglobulin M. AB - Purified bovine colostral intact immunoglobulin M (IgM) exhibited the presence of an anodal, single, fast moving band (noncovalently bound form) when subjected to analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at an alkaline pH in urea. Reduced and alkylated or sulfitolysed bovine colostral IgM (devoid of the noncovalently bound form) also showed the presence of a similar band (covalently bound form). The molecular weight of both the covalently bound and noncavalently bound forms of the fast component was determined to be 16,500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, the non-cavalently bound form of the fast-moving component was found to be antigenically identical to the covalently bound form. The noncovalently bound form sedimented as a single peak at 1.56 S. Antiserum against the fast-moving component precipitated neither bovine colostral IgG nor mu-chains and bovine serum albumin, but precipitated native or denatured intact IgM (devoid of the non-covalently bound form) and human J-chains and vice versa, thus permitting the fast-moving components to be classified as J-chains. Radioalkylation experiments revealed the presence of 9.7 sulfhydryl groups per mole, for both the covalently and non-covalently bound forms of bovine J-chain. The stoichiometry of J-chain, determined from the densitometric tracing of the reduced and alkylated bovine colostral IgM (devoid of the noncovalently bound J-chain) in stained analytical polyacrylamide gels, revealed the presence of one J-chain per IgM molecule. On the other hand the amount of non-covalently bound form of J-chain was determined to be 1.2 per molecule of IgM. PMID- 810234 TI - Nitrogen fixation in the Rhode River estuary of Chesapeake Bay. AB - The distribution, seasonal variation, origin, and significance of biological nitrogen fixation has been determined for a Chesapeake Bay estuary using the acetylene reduction technique. Studies over a 15-month period have shown that nitrogen fixation occurs predominantly in the surface intertidal (marsh) and subtidal sediments. Negligible activity was found in surface waters. A marked seasonal variation in nitrogen fixation was observed for intertidal sediments incubated at a standard 20 degrees C. Average rates of about 37 and 12 ng N/g dry sediment per hour were observed in the late fall months of 1972 and 1973, respectively, and less than or equal to 5 ng N/g dry sediment per hour during other seaons. Peaks of activity were lowered considerably when samples were incubated at ambient temperatures (in situ). Activity in the subtidal sediments was low (less than or equal to 6.8 ng N/g dry sediment per hour but showed a similar (approximately twofold) seasonal variation in nitrogen fixation potential. Light-dark and substrate addition experiments suggest that heterotrophic bacteria are the principal agents for nitrogen fixation in sediments. Integrated estimates of nitrogen fixation in the estuary indicate that biological fixation probably accounts for less than 5% of the total influx of nitrogen into the system. Rates of activity in the intertidal sediments are insufficient to account for the high productivity of marine angiosperms found in the marsh. PMID- 810236 TI - Relationship between various bacterial populations and coprostanol and cholesterol. AB - A year-long study was conducted at three different locations in Canada to evaluate the relationship between fecal sterols and bacterial populations. A statistical model was constructed to study the following: (i) seasonal variations in the sterols and bacterial parameters; (ii) the differences between morning and afternoon samples; (iii) the relationship between the two sterols (coprostanol and cholesterol) as well as their relationship to the bacterial parameters; and (iv) the geographical differences between the three sampling sites. Application of the model to the data indicated that (i) the relationship in receiving waters between coprostanol and cholesterol was found to be highly significant; (ii) at two sampling sites the relationship between fecal sterols and fecal coliforms was positively significant at the 5% level; (iii) at one sampling site there was a positive relationship between fecal sterols and the fecal coliform - fecal streptococcus ratio; and (iv) in a.m. vs. p.m. samples significant differences were noted in coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus densities while no significant differences were found in heterotroph densities and coprostanol and cholesterol levels. Raw and treated sewage from four sewage-treatment plants were also studied to provide baseline control data. Data support the conclusion that while no consistent relationship exists between bacterial parameters and fecal sterols, fecal sterols could be considered as unequivocal indicators of the presence of fecal material in water. PMID- 810235 TI - Assimilation of citric acid and adipic acid by the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis. AB - The assimilation of [1,6-14C] citric acid and [1,6-14C] adipic acid by the blue green alga Anabaena variabius was studied in the dark and in the light. Citric acid was assimilated in the dark and in the light but adipic acid showed only limited assimilation in the dark. In the light the assimilation of adipic acid did not enhance the growth of the alga at a concentration of 2.85 X 10(-8) M. Growth was inhibited at adipic acid concentrations greater than 10(-3) M. Analysis of the products of adipic acid metabolism showed the presence of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and threonine and threonine amongst other unidentified compounds. A mechanism of beta-oxidation is proposed. PMID- 810237 TI - Survival of Salmonella and other indicator microorganisms. AB - Survival times for enteric bacteria and fecal streptococci were investigated using filter-sterilized water from a northern Illinois river and temperatures of 0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees C. Survival of Salmonella typhimurium was essentially the same as Escherichia coli over normal seasonal temperatures. Fecal streptococci generally exhibited classic survival patterns. PMID- 810238 TI - Drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - A review of the records of 984 patients admitted to hospital from 1970 through 1973 with bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis showed bacterial resistance to one or more antituberculosis drugs in 103 (10.5%). Among the patients who had had previous drug treatment for tuberculosis the prevalence of drug resistance was 20% in the Canadian-born patients and 69.4% in the recent immigrants. Among the patients who had had no previous drug treatment the prevalence of drug resistance (primary resistance) was 2.7% in Canadian-born patients but 11.4% in recent immigrants. Because of the higher prevalence of drug resistance among recent immigrants and the finding in recent years that increasingly more tuberculosis patients in Ontario are recent immigrants, drug resistance in this group is likely to assume even more importance in the future. PMID- 810240 TI - Combined chemotherapy and surgery in breast cancer: a review. AB - The current results of trials testing combined surgery and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer is reviewed. Information concerning eight trials utilizing nine single-agent regimens was obtained. The results at this time are conflicting. There appear to be differences among the regimens utilized in the various patient subsets. Some of the possible reasons for the observed differences, and their implications for future studies, are discussed. PMID- 810239 TI - Arterial hypertension and neurofibromatosis: renal artery stenosis and coarctation of abdominal aorta. AB - A 10-year-old girl had arterial hypertension, generalized neurofibromatosis, coarctation of the abdominal aorta and multiple stenoses at the origin of each renal artery. After resection of the stenotic areas and reimplantation of the renal arteries in the aorta, her arterial pressure decreased substantially. However, hypertension recurred and radiologic follow-up 4 1/2 years later showed distinct progression of the coarctation and renewed stenosis of all renal arteries at their origin. The stenotic areas showed eccentric intimal proliferation, frequently bulging into the lumen, with small nodular aggregates of smooth muscle cells and proliferation of fibrous tissue containing spindle shaped nuclei in a palisading pattern. Hypertension associated with neurofibromatotic vascular disease has been described in 47 other patients in the literature. These patients have been young (mean age, 14 years) and predominantly male. In contrast to fibromuscular dysplasia, in which 95% of all stenoses are found in the distal two thirds of the renal arteries, in vascular neurofibromatosis more than 50% of the stenoses are found at the origin. PMID- 810241 TI - Temperature and blood flow measurements in and around 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumor and Walker 256 carcinosarcomas in rats. AB - By means of an implanted transmitter, a circadian rhythm of temperature was found both in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors and in Walker 256 carcinosarcomas. There was no significant difference in the temperatures of the two tumors. The temperature was lowest in periods of rest, and the temperature difference between light and dark periods was about 1 degree. Both tumors were found to have a higher temperature than that of s.c. tissue. External temperature measurements of the skin covering the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumor by thermistor probe and by thermography showed a temperature 1-2 degrees below the temperature of surrounding skin areas. In the 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors the blood flow was low, which should correspond to a relatively small heat production, although the temperature was relatively high. Blood flow in skin overlying tumor was high, presumably a perifocal hyperemic reaction, although the temperature was relatively low in this area. Thus tissue temperatures was not indicative of blood flow. PMID- 810242 TI - Tyrosinase-mediated inhibition of in vitro leucine incorporation into mouse melanoma by 4-isopropylcatechol. AB - The effect of 4-isopropylcatechol (4-IPC), a potent, irreversible cutaneous depigmenting agent, on protein biosynthesis of malignant melanoma cells in mice was studied by examining the in vitro amino acid (leucine) incorporation into a microsome fraction in cell sap. The present study revealed that 4-IPC does not inhibit the protein biosynthesis of the cell-free system in mouse liver, but remarkably inhibits it in mouse melanoma cells, which contain a high level of tyrosinase. The enhanced inhibition was found also in the mouse liver cell-free system when tyrosinase was added. Air oxidation products of 4-IPC were not responsible for such inhibition. These results may indicate that 4-IPC directly inhibits protein biosynthesis, probably by some intermediates that occur in an early stage of enzymatic oxidation of 4-IPC. PMID- 810243 TI - Recovery of a DNA-protein complex in cultured mammalian cells from damage caused by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - Treatment of FM3A cells with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide caused a decrease in the sedimentation velocity of a DNA-protein complex, but did not cause a dissociation of the complex, as revealed by neutral sucrose gradient centrifugation. Microscopic autoradiography of the complex spread on a Millipore filter, demonstrated that treatment of the cells with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, or of the complex with Pronase E, gave rise to a relaxed mass of DNA fibers, in contrast to a compact mass of DNA from control cells. The damage to the DNA-protein compelx was repaired completely by incubation of the cells in a medium without 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The following metabolic inhibitors had no effect on the repair of the complex: inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, alpha-amanitine, cordycepin, 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl)benzimidazol, 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, and hydroxyurea; inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide and puromycin; an inhibitor of the dark repair process in a variety of biological systems, caffeine; inhibitors of the microtubular and microfilament system, Colcemid and cytochalasin B, respectively; and inhibitors of energy metabolism, 2,4-dinitrophenol, KCN, iodoacetic acid, ouabain, and an atmosphere of nitrogen. Acriflavine and actinomycin D, which are known to intercalate into DNA, caused a decrease in the sedimentation velocity of the DNA-protein complex; therefore, the effects of these agents on the recovery process remained unsolved. The repair process of the complex was, however, demonstrated to be temperature dependent. The process was inhibited at 10 degrees, retarded at 28 degrees, but accelerated at 40 degrees as compared with the rate at 37 degrees. PMID- 810244 TI - Histofluorescence characteristics and quantification of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in sympathetic ganglia of several species. AB - Small intensily fluorescent (SIF) cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the cow, cat, rabbit, rat, guinea pig and monkey were studied, using the glyoxylic acid monoamine fluorescence method. SIF cell populations per mg ganglion tissue showed great species variation. The greatest numbers of SIF cells per mg were found in the rat (380+/-30 per mg). Intermediate numbers (76+/-20 per mg) were found in the guinea pig; and SIF cells in other species were much more sparsely distributed (less than 10 per mg). Two types of SIF cell were identified. Type I cells have long (up to 200 mu) processes which ramify among the principal ganglionic neurons, and this type often occurs singly; whereas type II cells tend to occur in clusters near blood vessels in the interstitial or subcapsular regions of the ganglion. As a general hypothesis we propose that type I SIF cells are interneurons whereas type II SIF cells operate through a neurosecretory mechanism. PMID- 810245 TI - Intracytoplasmic filaments in pulmonary lymphatic endothelial cells. Fine structure and reaction after heavy meromyosin incubation. AB - The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of intracytoplasmic filaments of pulmonary lymphatic endothelial cells of neonatal rabbits were studied by comparison with myofilaments of the peribronchial and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Two types of endothelial filaments were observed: thin filaments (diameter: 50 A) which lie close to the abluminal cell membrane; and thick filaments (diameter: 90 A) which are dispersed throughout the cell cytoplasm. Following heavy meromyosin (HMM) treatment, characteristic arrowhead complexes formed in the thin lymphatic endothelial filaments as well as in the actin filaments of the smooth muscle cells. There was no detectable reaction of HMM with the thick filaments. After incubation with EDTA, the thin filaments were labile, and the thick filaments became the major filamentous component in the endothelial cells. In smooth muscle cells, the actin myofilaments were also labile while the 100 A filaments were stable. These observations support the hypothesis that the actin-like thin endothelial lymphatic filaments form part of a contractile system, while the thick filaments constitute a plastic cell skeleton. The significance of the contractile system in lymphatic endothelial cells might lie in a mechanism for the active regulation of the endothelial intercellular junction and gaps and hence the permeability of the lymphatic endothelial cell lining. PMID- 810246 TI - Effect of heat shock on the synthesis of low molecular weight RNAs in drosophilia: accumulation of a novel form of 5S RNA. AB - The synthesis and stability of low molecular weight RNAs following heat shock in Drosophilia melanogaster cell cultures have been examined. When cultures are raised from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C, the synthesis of tRNA and at least two other low molecular weight RNAs continues at the 25 degree C rate. 5.8S ribosomal RNA and most of the low molecular weight nuclear RNAs are not synthesized. The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA is greatly reduced. A large amount of an RNA of about 135 nucleotides in length accumulates at 37 degrees C. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that this RNA is a novel form of 5S RNA with approximately 15 additional nucleotides at its 3' end. PMID- 810248 TI - Isolation and characterization of polyribosomes from the salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana. AB - Polyribosomes were obtained in high yield from Rhynchosciara salivary glands by a method which uses the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P 40, in moderate salt buffer and DTT as RNase inhibitor. The polysomal profiles from glands of animals which have just started to spin the communal cocoon are slightly but consistently different from those obtained from about 5 day older animals, in which DNA puffs were open in the salivary gland chromosomes. The heaviest polyribosomes which could be detected by either radioactive uridine or amino acid incorporation have 8 to 9 ribosomes. The data indicate the existence of stable messengers in the salivary glands. PMID- 810247 TI - The effects of sodium, potassium and ATP on a developmental puff sequence in Drosophila salivary glands in vitro. AB - Salivary glands of late third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were isolated at a developmental stage when the release of ecdysone had already taken place. They were then incubated in a chemically defined medium. An ecdysone dependent developmental puff sequence was measured in vitro and influenced by adding various substances or by changing iso-osmotically the sodium or potassium content of the medium. Trinactin, valinomycin N-ethylmaleimide and KCN blocked the puff sequence, i.e. the regression of the early and the induction of the late ecdysone-dependent puffs probably by increasing the Na+ influx and depleting the ATP content of the cell. A medium that contained Na+ as the only monovalent cation decreased the size of the late ecdysone-dependent puffs and increased the size of other puffs, such as 50 CD. Addition of tetrodotoxin to the normal medium had the opposite effect, i.e., it increased 63 E and inhibited 50 CD. Na+ free medium, inhibition of K+ flux by tetraethylammonium chloride, and application of ouabain did not considerably influence the size of the puffs measured. It is concluded from these results that Na+ in particular has an inhibitory effect on the induction of late ecdysone-dependent puffs. Na+ (and perhaps also K+) may act by modulating the effect of proteins that are involved in gene control mechanisms. PMID- 810249 TI - [Postparoxysmal ballism]. PMID- 810250 TI - An MO theoretical study on the tautomerism of carcinogenic 4 hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and related compounds. PMID- 810251 TI - Studies on the induction of DAB metabolizing enzyme activity and other microsomal enzyme activity in the liver of rats fed copper. PMID- 810252 TI - Studies on antibacterial agents. III. Synthesis of N,N'-bis(4-quinolyl-4 quinaldinyl-, 4-quinazolinyl-, or 9-acridinyl)polymethylenediamines and their sulfonamides. PMID- 810253 TI - Studies on proteinases from Ficus carica var. Horaishi. VI. Immunochemical comparison of ficins A, B, C, D and S. PMID- 810254 TI - A comparison of bioavailability of free bases and hydrochloride salts of chlortetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline, and methacycline. PMID- 810255 TI - Effect of fenitrothion on hepatic microsomal components of drug metabolizing system in mice. PMID- 810256 TI - [Growth of Sarcocystis tenella in cell culture]. AB - Sarcocystis tenella endozoites obtained from sheep oesophagus cysts have been cultivated in embryonic sheep kidney cells. They quickly enter the cells, become shorter and wider ("stage 2"), then grow to an ovoid shape within 24 h ("stage 3"). PMID- 810257 TI - [Is visual experience necessary for the maturation of vestibular control of eye movement]. AB - The vestibular system contributes to the stabilisation of visual images on the retina by means of vestibulo-ocular compensatory reactions. The development of vestibular control of eye movements has been studied in twelve week old kittens, reared in total darkness, which have been compared with a control group of kittens reared in normal conditions. Post-rotatory nystagmus, nystagmus during sinusoidal oscillations, visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus by fixation, have been used as indicators of the functional state of the vestibulo-ocular control system. The results show that most of the essential features of this control are present in dark-reared kittens. However differences have been noted which possibly concern precise regulation of compensatory movements and head-eye coordination. The frequency of vestibular nystagmus is much smaller in dark reared animals and the initial deviation of post rotatory nystagmus in the direction of the change of movement is absent in dark-reared kittens. Habituation also seems to operate differently in the two groups of kittens. Visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus is present. PMID- 810258 TI - [Influence of chorionic gonadotropin on testosterone synthesis by the rat embryonic testis]. AB - Testosterone synthesis is enhanced in the testis of the rat embryo under the influence of chorionic gonadotropin in vitro. There is a threefold augmentation at the stage of 17 days of gestation and a sixfold augmentation at 15 days. PMID- 810259 TI - [Multiplication of Trypanosoma equiperdum in a diffusion chamber implanted in the mouse]. AB - The multiplication of the trypanosomes in a "diffusion chamber" is great during the first 4 or 5 days following implantation. The reduction in numbers of parasites on the following days depends largely on the humoral antibodies resulting from the immune response. PMID- 810261 TI - [The jugular vein system and its homologies in Latimeria chalmunae (Pisces, Crossopterygii, Coelacanthidae)]. AB - The jugular vein of Latimeria is derived, as in actinopterygians and dipnoans, from two embryonic veins: the vena capitis medialis anteriorly and the vena capitalis lateralis posteriorly. It is continued caudally, until the Cuvieran duct, by the vena cardinalis anterior. With the enormous difference of growth between cranial box and brain, the cerebral veins have undergone important modifications. A very long antero-posterior shift exists between the origin and the ending of the anterior cerebral vein. In addition, the mid and posterior cerebral veins are transformed into big venous sinuses, which have lost, in the adult, almost any contact with the brain, impressed as they are against the wall of the posterior cranial cavity. PMID- 810260 TI - [Action of an antioxygen food additive, di-tertio-butyl-hydroxy-toluene on the electron transport and on the coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in the liver mitochondria of rats]. AB - BHT in vitro has a strong uncoupling effect on phosphorylating oxidations of hepatic mitochondria at concentrations less than or equal to 2.5.10(-4) M. On the contrary, no uncoupling is found after in vivo administration of 0.5% of BHT in rat diet. The differences between in vitro and in vivo results are discussed. PMID- 810262 TI - [Inhibiting effects of protein fractions isolated from the rat liver in compensating hypertrophy after partial hepatectomy]. AB - We have purified from adult rat liver proteic fractions, which inhibit the cellular growth of cell cultures. These fractions, when they are injected into hepatectomised rats, were able to inhibit the entry of hepatic cells into phase S. Therefore we consider that these substances participate actively in homeostatic control in adult liver. PMID- 810263 TI - [Development of spleenic infection in the mouse following intravenous inoculation of various species of Brucella in smooth (S) or rough (R) phases]. AB - The bacterial population in the spleen of mice inoculated intravenously by Brucella abortus 544 (S), Brucella suis 1330 (S), Brucella melitensis 115 (R) or Brucella canis RM 666(R) is studied kinetically. Like the S strains of Brucella, the R strains are able to multiply in the mouse spleen. The consequences for the tests of vaccines against natural infections produced by S or R strains of Brucella are discussed. PMID- 810264 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of nitroglycerin during experimental coronary occlusion. AB - Previous studies have shown that nitroglycerin (TNG) exerts beneficial electrophysiological effects in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia. To investigate the basis for these actions, the effects of TNG during coronary occlusion were studied in 19 anesthetized mongrel dogs. Refractory periods (obtained by extrastimulus method) and conduction times measured from local electrograms were determined in potentially ischemic and nonischemic areas prior to and after varying periods of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and following administration of TNG (300-400 mug intravenous bolus followed by an infusion titrated to reduce systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg). Following 15 minutes of occlusion, refractory periods in the ischemic zones shortened to 83% of control (P less than 0.001) resulting in a difference between refractory periods in the nonischemic and ischemic zones of 17.7%. After TNG administration this difference was decreased to 10.0% (P less than 0.001). However, with periods of occlusion of 60-90 min TNG did not significantly affect the difference of refractory periods. TNG had no significant effects on conduction times in nonischemic or ischemic areas. In six dogs, the effects of coronary occlusion and TNG on ventricular automaticity were examined by induction of complete heart block. The idioventricular rate and ventricular escape intervals after cessation of ventricular overdrive were used as indices of automaticity. Control idioventricular rates (62.5 +/- 3.7 beats/min) remained unchanged following both coronary occlusion (62.0 +/- 3.9) and TNG administration (60.7 +/- 3.2). Similarly, mean control escape intervals (1.84 +/- 0.2 sec) did not change after occlusion (1.78 +/- 0.3 sec) or TNG administration (1.86 +/- 0.2 sec). In conclusion, these observations suggest that 1) TNG enhances the electrical stability of the acutely ischemic myocardium by decreasing the difference of refractory periods between nonischemic and ischemic areas in the immediate period following occlusion, 2) since TNG has no significant effects on ventricular automaticity, its beneficial effects might be limited in suppression of arrhythmias of re-entrant origin. PMID- 810265 TI - Vasodilator therapy in acute myocardial infarction. A comparison of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. AB - Twenty-six patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction were studied in order to compare the hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside (NP) and nitroglycerin (GTN). All patients received NP and 18 of the 26 also received GTN to evaluate both drugs in the same individuals. Both agents produced significant declines in mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and heart rate systolic blood pressure product. However, in the 18 patients who received both drugs GTN produced a greater fall (P less than 0.05) in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) (25 to 15 mm Hg) than did NP (24 to 17 mm Hg) and a greater increment (P less than 0.01) in (see article) (0.98 to 1.43) than NP (0.98 to 1.16). These data confirm the potent vasodilatory effects of NP and GTN and suggest that NP has a relatively balanced effect on the arterial and venous circulation, and GTN seems to produce more potent venodilatation than arterial dilatation. These observations provide a basis for a more rational choice of vasodilator agents based on initial hemodynamic measurements in complicated acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 810266 TI - Isolation and characterization of cal allergens. AB - A crude (saline soluble) extract of cat skins capable of eliciting a strong positive prick skin test in cat sensitive individuals was fractionated on Sephadex G200. Active fractions were pooled and successively fractionated on isoelectric focusing gradients of pH 3-5 and pH 4-5. Allergenic activity was localized in two peaks with mean isoelectric points of 4-1 and 4-35 respectively. On immunoelectrophoresis the allergen with pI = 4-35 was associated with a protein which was subsequently found to be immunologically indistinguishable from serum albumin and to have a molecular weight of 69,000 daltons. The allergen with pI = 4-1 migrated in the alpha2-region on immunoelectrophoresis and had a mean molecular weight of 55,000 daltons. This allergen was isolated and analysed for amino acid and carbohydrate content. A combined extract of both allergens coupled to microcrystalline cellulose and used a RAST procedure readily distinguished between two groups of individuals classified as skin test positive and skin test negative to cat allergen. PMID- 810267 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Twenty-three out of thirty patients with cystic fibrosis gave strong immediate skin hypersensitivity reaction to a wide variety of allergens. Seventy-five per cent of these had a markedly elevated serum IgE concentration whereas those patients who had negative Type 1 immediate skin reactions also had normal levels of serum IgE. The sputum of those patients with immediate skin reactivity also had positive precipitins to a variety of antigens. PMID- 810269 TI - Study of 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate in perennial rhinitis assessed by subjective and objective parameters. AB - The efficacy of a 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate has been assessed in the treatment of chronic perennial rhinitis by a double-blind group comparative trial over a period of 4 weeks. The solution was administered to the nose as a fine spray delivered by a metered device at a frequency of six times a day; thus the daily dose of active drug was approximately 31-2 mg. The patients' response was measured by both subjective and objective parameters; in addition nasal smears were examined for eosinophils before and after treatment. Analyses of the subjective data demonstrated a significant difference between the active and placebo solutions at the end of the trial. The objective data was obtained by measurement of nasal resistance and flow at weekly intervals; there was a highly significant difference between the two treatment groups compared to the baseline measurements after only 1 week's treatment. There was a reduction of eosinophils in the nasal smears in those patients allocated the SCG solution, there was virtually no change in those who received placebo; the difference was significant. This study has demonstrated that a 2% solution of SCG is effective in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. It has been shown that measurements of nasal airways resistance and flow are sensitive indices of changes in the mucous membrane of the nose and that beneficial effects of SCG solution can be detected after 7 days treatment. PMID- 810268 TI - A comparison of intranasal betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - A double-blind comparison of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate both given by the nasal route was carried out in forty patients with seasonal rhinitis caused by grass pollen. All patients kept daily symptom score cards, and half of them measured both oral and nasal peak expiratory flow rates twice daily. Adrenal function was monitored in thirty-one patients and found to be normal throughout. Sixteen of those patients receiving the steroid aerosol recorded success and two failure of treatment. By contrast, of those receiving sodium cromoglycate there were only two treatment successes and twelve failures. The total symptom score recorded in the group receiving betamethasone valerate was about half that recorded by the sodium cromoglycate group (P less than 0.01). No difference was observed between the two treatments in respect of nasal peak flow rate; specific IgE blood levels and weal sizes following prick tests were not significantly altered throughout the period of the trial, although total IgE was significantly increased. These results suggest that nasal betamethasone valerate offers patients with allergic rhinitis marked symptomatic benefit without the disadvantages previously associated with steroids. PMID- 810270 TI - Effect of sodium cromoglycate on asthmatic reactions to environmental temperature changes. AB - Immediate asthmatic reactions, with falls in FEV1 of 16-42.5% were elicited by exposure in a cold room at 3 degrees C in five out of eight subjects with histories of asthma provoked by falls in environmental temperature. In four of the subjects pretreatment by inhalation of sodium cromoglycate gave complete inhibition of the asthmatic reaction in two, partial inhibition in one and had no effect in one case. PMID- 810271 TI - Characterization of types of enzymatic activity in somatic extracts of selected fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes and pollen by immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 810272 TI - A study of serum immunoglobulins including IgE and reaginic antibodies in patients with bronchial asthma in relation to the spectrum of the disease. AB - Immunoglobulins G, A, M, D, and E were studied in the sera obtained from sxity nine bronchial asthma patients, who were graded objectively according to atopic score. Among other associated atopic diseases, they often had allergic rhinitis. Ninety-one per cent of these patients had elevated serum IgE levels and the mean level of serum IgE was more than 3-5 times higher than that observed in the normal subjects. Moreover, as their atopic score increased, the serum IgE levels were also elevated, and every patient with high atopic score, had elevated serum IgE levels. This indicates the association of atopic state with serum IgE level. Furthermore, reaginic antibodies were studied in some of these patients by intradermal tests, Prausnitz-Kustner (PK) reaction, conjunctival and bronchial provocation tests. Intradermal and PK tests were comparable and proved to be the most sensitive method of detecting reagins. The intensity of these reactions correlated significantly with serum IgE LEvel, although this relationship is not invariably present. The reaginic activities in the sera of the patients with atopic bronchial asthma also compared well with the positive bronchial test (induced asthma) by inhalation of specific aerosol although this association is also not always present. Eleven patients with high atopic score had isolated serum IgA deficiency. There was a significant rise of mean serum IgM in comparison to the controls. PMID- 810273 TI - Fluorometric method for measuring serum lipase activity. AB - We describe a method for determining lipase (triacylglycerol acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) activity in serum. Emulsified olive oil in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer is used as substrate. The course of the enzymatic reaction is followed by measuring the decrease in fluorescence with time of a fluorescent indicator, 4-methylumbelliferone, added to the substrate, caused by the change in the pH of the substrate solution resulting from the reaction. All measurements are performed at 37 degrees C. The reaction volume is about 2.3 ml, in a Pyrex cuvette. Change of fluorescence and of enzyme activity are linearly related in the range of 77.8 to 389.0 U/liter. An assay can be done in as little as 3 to 5 min, with excellent precision. PMID- 810274 TI - Albumin, transferrin and the thyroxine-binding prealbumin/retinol-binding protein (TBPA-RBP) complex in assessment of malnutrition. AB - A comparative study of the level of 4 plasma proteins in malnutrition shows that albumin has low sensitivity, transferrin has intermediate and the TBPA-RBP complex has the highes sensitivity to an alteration in the nutritional status. According to protein and/or iron deficiency, the synthesis of trnasferrin seems to be submitted to contradictory impulses which partially invalidates this test as a reliable index for estimating protein depletion alone. On the contrary, the components of the TBPA-RBP complex respond together and in a parallel direction to protein deficiency. The high degree of sensitivity of TBPA and RBP to an inadequate protein intake is apparently related to their rapid turnover rate and to their unusual richness in tryptophan, which is known to play a key role in the control of protein synthesis. Measurement of TBPA (or RBP) is proposed as a method for the detection of pre-kwashiorkor and early marasmus. PMID- 810275 TI - Electrofocusing followed by gradient electrophoresis: a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel technique for the separation of proteins and its application to the immunoglobulins. AB - A two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel technique for the separation of proteins is described. Electrofocusing in a 3.5% polyacrylamide gel is followed by electrophoresis through a 4-24% concave polyacrylamide gel gradient. The method resolves a large number of serum proteins and produces highly reproducible patterns. It is particularly useful for studies involving proteins of high molecular weight, such as alpha2-macroglobulin, beta-lipoprotein and IgM. The application of the technique to the immunoglobulins in pathological sera is reported. PMID- 810276 TI - Quantitation of alpha1-acid glycoprotein in neutralized gastric juice by electroradioimmunoassay (ERIA). AB - Alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) was quantitated by an electroradioimmunoassay (ERIA) in in vivo neutralized gastric juice (nGJ) of 226 patients, including normals and patients with various gastic diseases. The accuracy of ERIA was tested by extraction and recovery experiments. A possible interference of nGJ constituents with the quantitation procedure was excluded. The mean AGP concentration in gastric juice of normals was 1.04 mu/ml (range 0.04-4.1 mu/ml). The concentration was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group (mean 31.6 mu/ml, p less than 0.01), in the group of chronic metaplastic gastritis (mean 5.7 mu/ml, p less than 0.01) and in the group of BII resections (mean 8.8 mu/ml, p less than 0.05). In 6 out of 12 nGJ samples with high AGP concentrations, a spur formation (Ouchterlony type III) was observed in double gel diffusion when compared to serum AGP. In 3 out of these 12 samples, the dilution curve in ERIA differed from the serum AGP dilution curve. These results indicate a difference in the antigenic properties of AGP in nGJ. PMID- 810278 TI - [Postoperative management following thyroidectomy and TRH test]. PMID- 810277 TI - Comparison of serum free thyroxine indices and "corrected" thyroxine tests. AB - A dual competitive protein-binding assay for serum thyroxine (T4) is described. The assay is called the "corrected" T4 index and can be performed simultaneously with the determination of total T4. This method correlated significantly with the free T4 index and the effective T4 ratio. The "corrected" T4 index was compared for precision and diagnostic accuracy with the effective T4 ratio and two different free T4 indices. Improved modifications of the thyroxine and triiodothyronine Sephadex uptake tests, used for calculation of the free T4 indices, are also reported. In spite of better precision, the "corrected" T4 index and effective T4 ratio gave twice as many incorect classifications of both hyper- and hypothyroidism as the free T4 indices. Previous reports on the effective T4 ratio and other basically similar tests might give an overly optimistic view of what can be expected in routine clinical practice. The free T4 index, which is a good estimate of the free T4 concentration, may still be the thyroid function test of choice when serum T4 and clinical impression are not in conformity. PMID- 810279 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases of the anus and rectum. PMID- 810280 TI - The immune response to phichi174 in man. IV. Primary and secondary antibody production in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. AB - Ten patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) were injected with the antigen phichi174 intravenously on two occasions to test their capacity for antibody production. Nine out of ten patients failed to develop a primary response, and five out of ten failed to develop a secondary response. Only one out of the ten of the secondary responses fell within the normal range. There was evidence of defective switching from IgM to IgG antibody in two out of three cases in which the immunoglobulin class of antibody in the secondary response was determined. The severity of the immunoparesis in CLL is related to the severity of the disease. PMID- 810281 TI - Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. II. Tolerance to equine IgG and effect on immunoglobulin and complement levels. AB - Fourteen patients with multiple sclerosis were given two tolerizing doses of equine gamma-globulin before treatment with anti-lymphocyte globulin. Twelve patients had no clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity and most of them had no detectable antibody to the equine globulin until several months later. Even then, antibody could only be shown by immediate type skin reactions but not by any in vitro assay. We conclude that a state of partial tolerance was established in these patients for the period of treatment but that later they may develop traces of hypersensitivity. PMID- 810282 TI - Cytotoxic lymphocytes from normal donors. A functional marker of human non-T lymphocytes. AB - A phenomenon we have termed spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) by non-thymus-derived lymphocytes from normal donors has been described. The phenomenon can be demonstrated using human and xenogeneic (mouse) cell lines as the target cell in a microplate 51Cr release assay which is simple and reproducible. In this paper, SLMC against xenogeneic targets has been evaluated as a potential marker of lumphocytotoxic function with respect to: (a) the nature of the target cell; (b) the variability of the cytotoxic function of lymphocytes from different donors, and from the same donor tested on different days; (c) the nature of the effector cell. Using buoyant density centrifugation of iron plus magnetpurified lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (T cells) or SRBC-rabbit 19S anti-SRBC-mouse complement (complement receptor lymphocyte), it has been demonstrated that the cytotoxic activity lies in the non T-lymphocyte fraction, and is probably caused by the complement receptor-bearing lymphocyte. The potential usefulness of this phenomenon as a functional marker of non-T-LYMPHOCYTE CYTOTOXIC Ability, and for the assessment of serological factors ehich may affect this cytotoxicity, has been discussed. PMID- 810283 TI - Reaction of human smooth muscle antibody with human platelets. AB - Platelets, prepared from fresh human platelet-rich plasma smeared on slides and stained with human serum containing smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) in indirect IFL, showed a bright cytoplasmic fluorescence with numerous projections extending from the surface. A prerequisite for obtaining a positive reaction with SMA positive serum was that a chelating agent was present in the suspending medium when preparing the smears. The projections could be demonstrated also by anti HeLa cell (anti-species) serum. This indicates that the projections had a membraneous cover. Staining of live platelets was always negative. Platelets treated with cytochalasin B for 1 hr were smooth and spherical and did not show any surface projections. PMID- 810284 TI - Serum IgE levels and reaginic-type skin reactions in sarcoidosis. AB - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in sera of eighty-four patients with sarcoidosis and fifty-one apparently healthy controls were measured by means of a radioimmunosorbent test (RIST). A significant decrease in IgE level was commonly seen in patients with sarcoidosis. In some patients, a typical isolated IgE deficiency was noted. In a group of patients with significantly low serum IgE levels, reduced immune responsiveness affecting the IgE class was suggested from the study on reaginic-type skin reactions. The implication of these findings with respect to the immunology and etiology of sarcoidosis is discussed. PMID- 810286 TI - Innervation of vascular smooth muscle: histochemistry and electron microscopy. PMID- 810285 TI - The secretory immune system and renal disease. AB - An immunopathological analysis of renal tissue from 105 patients was undertaken: (1) to clarify the relationship of the secretory immune system to renal diseases in which glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin A, (alpha chain), occurred; (2) to determine the lower nephron localization of secretory component and alpha chain in renal disease. This study, which included twenty-four patients with glomerular deposits of alpha chain, failed to reveal glomerular localization of secretory IgA. Secretory component was not found in renal tubular cells in kidneys with normal or minimally abnormal renal histology. In contradistinction to these findings, significant amounts of secretory component were found in tubular epithelial cells and casts in tissue from fifty-one patients with morphological evidence of significant renal damage; this localization had no correlation with glomerular deposits of IgA, IgM or other immunoreactants. Alpha Chain was rarely found in the tubular epithelium or in interstitial round cells; fifteen patients had alpha chain in casts. We conclude that the glomerular localization of immunoglobulin in glomerulonephritis is not derived from the secretory immune system, and the IgA present in glomeruli is not secretory IgA. The finding of secretory component in tubular cells in diseased kidneys without alpha chain may support an hypothesis for an independent role for secretory component in renal disease, apart from its function in the transport and stabilization of secretory IgA. PMID- 810287 TI - Oral diazoxide contraindicated in severe hypertension with renal failure. AB - Diazoxide was given orally to nine hypertensive patients with renal failure and its effect on blood pressure and on glucose metabolism was studied. There was no long-term antihypertensive effect. During treatment insulin release and glucose assimilation after an intravenous glucose load were frankly impaired, but this impairment was reversible after stopping the treatment. Two major complications (diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis) were observed. In view of these observations, the authors are of the opinion that oral diazoxide is contraindicated in the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal failure. PMID- 810288 TI - Haemolytic anaemia in the newborn infant. PMID- 810289 TI - Membrane structure and its relation to haemolysis. AB - Advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and ultrastructure of the normal erythrocyte membrane have opened up the possibility of characterising congenital or acquired membrane defects in various haemolytic anaemias. The normal red cell membrane can undergo reversible disc-echinocytic or disc-stomatocytic shape changes in response to a wide variety of chemical agents and conditions. These shape changes may become irreversible and, in fact, they may be encountered in different types of haemolytic disease, suggesting that the echinocytic and stomatocytic shape changes represent two fundamental ways in which red cells react to intrinsic and extrinsic insults. Membrane alterations in haemolytic disease can be divided into disorders in which the defect appears to be a primary membrane abnormality, e.g. hereditary spherocytosis and disorders in which membrane damage occurs secondary to internal or external influences, e.g. the membrane alteration in sickled cells. The normal of deformability of the red cell is one of the prime determinants of survival in vivo and thus the geometric relationship of the erythrocyte surface area to cell volume, if decreased, can contribute to haemolysis. Intrinsic changes in membrane deformability or membrane deformability secondary to alterations in the cell haemoglobin may also compromise passage through the microcirculation, particularly through the spleen. Finally, abnormalities of cation permeability and/or lipid composition are found in certain haemolytic states. In each case it is essential to attempt to relate the abnormality described to the manner in which cell properties critical to in vivo survival are compromised in order to understand the pathophysiology. PMID- 810290 TI - Autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow. AB - The response of SCBF to changes in pACO2 was tested in Rhesus monkeys under normotensive conditions. A sigmoid shaped response was demonstrated. At a pACO2 of 10 to 50 mm. Hg, SCBF remained constant and in the normal range. As the pACO2 was raised from 50 to 90 mm. Hg, SCBF increased. Further increases in the pACO2 above 90 mm. Hg failed to effect further changes in SCBF. We conclude from these data that SCBF is somewhat less responsive than CBF to changes in pACO2. Next, the effect of changes in MAP on SCBF was studied under normocapnic conditions. SCBF remained constant and in the normal range with an MAP of 50 to 135 mm. Hg. Above 135 mm. Hg, SCBF rose with further increases in MAP. With decreases in MAP below 50 mm. Hg, SCBF fell passively. It is our conclusion that autoregulation exists in the lateral white matter of the spinal cord and follows a pattern similar to that suggested for the cerebrum. PMID- 810291 TI - Gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis (GADS) as a complication of gonococcemia in adolescents. PMID- 810292 TI - Feeding the prematurely born infant. Fluids, calories, and methods of feeding during the period of extrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 810293 TI - Parenteral nutrition in the neonate. PMID- 810294 TI - Newer methods for feeding low birth weight infants. PMID- 810295 TI - Efficacy of beta adrenergic blockade in coronary heart disease: propranolol in angina pectoris. AB - Despite widespread clinical application of propranolol (P) in angina pectoris, convincing evidence of its efficacy has been incomplete, thereby resulting in continued controversy. Its antianginal effectivess was investigated in 20 patients with documented coronary heart disease in a 44-wk study incorporating a prolonged 12-wk lead-in period, individualization of P dosage in a 6-wk dose finding period, and a 24-wk doule-blind crossover phase. On double-blind placebo, patients had 10.5 +/- 2.1 anginal attacks and consumed 12.8 +/- 3.0 nitroglycerin tablets (NTG) each week compared to 6.6 +/- 1.5 anginal episodes (- 37%, p less than 0.001) and 8.0 +/- 1.7 NTG (-38%, p less than 0.001) when on P. No patient experienced more angina with P than with placebo. In addition, time to onset of chest pain during treadmill exercise was prolonged by P from 190 +/- 16 to 248 +/ 22 sec (+31%, p less than 0.02) and ST depression was reduced from 1.7 +/- 0.21 to 0.99 +/- 0.18 mm (-42%, p less than 0.05). There was correlation (r = 0.64 p less than 0.01) between per cent declines in anginal frequency and resting double product with P. Thus, propranolol favorably altered several indices of myocardial ischemia in severe coronary heart disease. This investigation clearly documents the clinical efficacy of optimal beta adrenergic blockade in coronary disease and provides objective justification for the judicious application of propranolol in treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 810296 TI - Problem oriented pediatric practice. PMID- 810297 TI - Clinical studies on the reversal of the neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium bromide. I. The effects of glycopyrrolate and pyridostigmine. PMID- 810298 TI - A randomized double-blind study of furosemide-reserpine in essential hypertension. PMID- 810299 TI - Clonidine in treatment of hypertension. PMID- 810300 TI - Experimental and clinical data indicating a potential use of trazodone in acute stroke. PMID- 810301 TI - Effect of methyldopa on tardive dyskinesia in psychogeriatric patients. PMID- 810302 TI - Evaluation of a new beta2 adrenergic receptor stimulant, terbutaline, in bronchospasm. III. Aerosol administration. PMID- 810303 TI - A study of metaxalone (Skelaxin) vs. placebo in acute musculoskeletal disorders: a cooperative study. PMID- 810304 TI - Clinical evaluation of carbenicillin in the treatment of infection due to anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 810305 TI - Antibiotic administration in surgical patients at increased risk of infection: a comparison of carbenicillin and cephalothin. PMID- 810306 TI - Clinical effectiveness of intravenous doxycycline: treatment and prevention of surgical infections of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 810307 TI - Orgotein: a new drug for the treatment of radiation cystitis. PMID- 810308 TI - The efficacy and safety of loxapine succinate in the treatment of schizophrenia: a comparative study with thiothixene. PMID- 810309 TI - The bioavailability of griseofulvin PEG ultramicrosize (Gris-PEG) tablets in man under steady-state conditions. PMID- 810310 TI - The bioavailability of ultramicrosize griseofulvin (Gris-PEG) tablets in man. PMID- 810311 TI - Non-absorption of furazolidone from the vagina in women. PMID- 810312 TI - Clinical evaluation of CDP-choline (Nicholin): efficacy As antidepressant treatment. PMID- 810313 TI - Levodopa: bibliometric differences before and after NDA approval. PMID- 810314 TI - Metolazone in essential hypertension: the long-term clinical efficacy of a new diuretic. PMID- 810315 TI - Diproderm with gentamicin--a new very potent steroid ointment in infected eczema. PMID- 810316 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in adult steroid independent patients with perennial bronchial asthma. PMID- 810317 TI - Comparison of feprazone and phenylbutazone interaction with warfarin in man. PMID- 810318 TI - Theophylline and ephedrine in asthma. PMID- 810319 TI - The evaluation of the anti-autistic activity of sulpiride. PMID- 810320 TI - Fenmetazole (DH-524): euphoriant classified by cerebral electrometry. PMID- 810321 TI - Rapid atrial flutter treated with rapid atrial stimulation. PMID- 810322 TI - Treatment of induced cholesteremia and atherosclerosis in rabbits with cholestyramine, niacin and taurine. PMID- 810323 TI - The effect of cobalt on haemoglobin synthesis in primate reticulocytes. AB - The effect of cobalt on haemoglobin synthesis was studied in reticulocytes obtained from marmosets, new world monkeys. By means of different inhibitors the conditions necessary for either cobalt-induced stimulation or inhibition were determined. Cobalt-induced inhibition of globin synthesis was not reversible by the addition of either delta-amino levulinic acid or haem. Globia synthesis, however, in iron-deficient reticulocytes was stimulated by the addition of cobalt. Cobalt did not apparently require complexing with protoporphyrin for activity, since the effect was observed whether the haem-biosynthetic pathway was inhibited or not. The data have been interpreted to suggest cobalt operates by affecting a rate controlling step in the synthesis of globin. PMID- 810325 TI - A new device for long-term intracranial pressure measurement. AB - This paper described the authors' approach to the problem of long-term intracranial pressure measurement. Several prior devices have not proven useful for clinical studies of more than a few days duration. Study of 22 of the authors' devices in primates has established the validity of both engineering and medical design assumptions. Useful pressure data has been collected for up to 2 months. Redesign to decrease tambour permeability should allow a useful life of months or years. PMID- 810324 TI - [ABO, Rh and MN blood groups systems and ABH group factors in saliva as related to parodontal diseases]. PMID- 810327 TI - Consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and run cooperative medical service well. PMID- 810326 TI - Communicating hydrocephalus in children with genetic inborn errors of metabolism. AB - The authors have seen eight cases of communicating hydrocephalus in children with genetic metabolic disorders, namely, one mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I or Hurler syndrome), one MPS II (Hunter's disease), four MPS III (Sanfilippo syndrome) two of which were siblings, and two achondroplasias. The authors recommend surgical treatment of the latter but are doubtful about the former in which case hydrocephalus is only a contributing cause to severe dementia. In MPS hydrocephalus is due to accumulation of storage material in the piaarachnoid, as indicated by RISA cisternography carried out in six cases. PMID- 810328 TI - Implementing Chairman Mao's directive "in medical and health work, put the stress on the rural areas". PMID- 810329 TI - Brilliant "June 26" directive shows me the way forward. PMID- 810330 TI - Treatment of acute perforation of peptic ulcer with combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine. PMID- 810331 TI - Clinicopathologic and experimental studies of myohemoglobinuric nephrosis. PMID- 810332 TI - Replantation of severed limbs. Analysis of 40 cases. PMID- 810333 TI - Roentgenologic study of aorto-arteritis. II. Chest x-ray findings and their clinical significance. PMID- 810334 TI - Clinical and immunologic observations on two lines of attenuated measles vaccine virus upon passage in chick embryo cell culture. PMID- 810335 TI - Pulmonary encephalopathy. Its causative factors and management. PMID- 810336 TI - Streptococcal infections--updated. AB - Streptococci are amont the most common bacterial pathogens physicians encounter in practice. Infections with streptococci continue to occur with significant frequency despite the general sensitivity of these organisms to a variety of widely used antibiotics. In newborn infants and other special patient groups, streptococci may produce fulminant and fatal sepsis (Table 1). In normal children and adults, infections usually are short term and often mild or unrecognized but with the possibility of resulting, unpredictably, in nonsuppurative complications some weeks or months later. Although scarlet fever has become an unusual and clinically attenuated disease, its rashless analog, streptococcal pharyngitis, presents thorny problems in the differential diagnosis of symptomatic patients and in the detection of subclinical infections. Erysipelas now is a rare disease, but recent studies have confirmed that streptococci often are the primary etiologic agent in impetigo, another type of skin infection--with peculiar bacteriologic and epidemiologic features. Infections with group D streptococci have always been a special case because of their frequent resistance to penicillin, and group B streptococci (also somewhat resistant) present special problems in the perinatal period. Streptococci may appear in unexpected places or guises (see Table 1). Thus, the modern physician has little reason to relax in his vigilance for and knowledge of streptococcal infections. PMID- 810337 TI - [Repair of breaks induced by x-rays in the DNA of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans]. PMID- 810338 TI - [Letter: Posttraumatic petit mal]. PMID- 810339 TI - [Biological availability of diagoxin in patients with or without gastric resection (Billroth II) (author's transl)]. AB - Biological availability of digoxin tablets was measured during maintenance therapy in ten hospitalized patients who had had a Billroth II gastric resection at least two years previously. Twelve patients on digoxin maintenance for heart failure but without gastro-intestinal disease served as controls. The mean value of daily digoxin urinary excretion over ten days in the resection group was 38.09 +/- 0.70% of the administered dose. The serum-digitalis level 12 and 24 hours after the last dose of glycoside (0.5 mg) was 1.30 +/- 0.04 ng/ml and did not significantly differ from that of the control group, nor did digoxin elimination in urine and the digoxin/creatinin excretion ratio. It is concluded that two third gastric resection with exclusion of antigrade duodenal passage does not influence biological availability of digoxin given in tablets. PMID- 810340 TI - Hepato-splenic schistosomiasis (endemic-hepatosplenomegaly). PMID- 810341 TI - Preliminary report on some clinical and biochemical observations in patients treated with Bilharcid. AB - Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects. A newly synthesized trivalent antimony preparation (piperazine di-antimonyl tratrate) Bilharcid, has proved in animal experiments to be less toxic, more effective, and having little side effects. The drug was tried in various schemes on various age groups of patients infected with S. haematobium. Control cases were treated with tartar emetic. Urine analysis was done for the detection of living or dead ova before and after treatment. E.C.G., alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and urea tests were done before and after treatment. Follow up studies were recorded for three months after treatment. Results are presented in the full text. PMID- 810342 TI - Transport of thyrotropin-releasing hormone from cerebrospinal fluid to hypophysial portal blood and the release of thyrotropin. AB - The capacity of the medium eminence to transport thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to hypophysial portal blood, and the ability of TRH when introduced into a lateral ventricle to stimulate TSH release from the pituitary gland were investigated. Male rats were injected either intraventricularly or intravenously with 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng of TRH, and plasma TSH concentrations were determined at various times thereafter. TRH administration via both routes resulted in substantial release of TSH. Following intraventricular injection of TRH, there was a delay in reached maximal TSH concentration when compared with the faster elevation and faster decline in TSH concentrations which followed intravenous injection of the same dose of TRH. In a second experiment, 7 muCi of [3H]TRH were introduced intraventricularly or intravenously, and hypophysial portal and arterial blood were simultaneously collected and examined for the presence of radioactivity. The intraventricular injection of [3H]TRH resulted in a peak of radioactivity in portal blood within minutes, which was maintained for 20--30 min and then declined. The concentration of radioactivity in arterial blood from the same animals was considerably lower than that in portal blood. The intravenous administration of [3H]TRH resulted in radioactive peaks in both portal and arterial blood with a higher concentration of radioactive substances in arterial blood. However, the level of radioactivity in portal blood following intravenous injection of [3H]TRH comprised no more than 5--10% of that found following intraventricular administration of the saem dose. The data support the view that TRH is able to cross the medium eminence from CSF into hypophysial portal blood and that it is capable of stimulating the pituitary gland to release TSH. PMID- 810343 TI - Growth hormone release in the rat: effects of somatostatin and thyrotropin releasing factor. AB - Morphine sulfate (MS) and pentobarbital (PB) stimulate growth hormone (GH) release in the rat in vivo, but not from enzymatically dissociated anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Somatostatin and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) inhibit the in vivo release of GH induced by MS, with 50% inhibition at ca. 2.3 and 4.6 mug/100 g BW, respectively. Somatostatin and TRF similarly inhibit PB induced GH release. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates GH release both in vivo and in vitro. Both of these responses are inhibited by somatostatin (50% inhibition at ca. 10 mug/100g BW), but neither is altered by TRF (100 mug/100g BW). Both normal and hypophysectomized rats receiving MS exhibited a rapid vibration of the tail immediately after administration of TRF (30 mug/100g BW). Structural analogs of TRF with low TSH-releasing activity did not inhibit GH release nor induced tail vibration in MS-treated rats. Pyroglutamyl-3-methyl-histidyl-prolinamide, with 8 times the hypophysiotropic potency of TRF, is similarly more potent than TRF in inhibiting GH release and inducing tail vibration in MS-treated rats. These results suggest the following: 1) MS and PB act at a central nervous system (CNS) site to release GH; 2) TRF may act at a CNS site to inhibit MS- and PB-induced GH release; 3) somatostatin has direct pituitary effects on inhibition of GH, but a CNS site of action cannot be excluded; and 4) TRF stimulates tail motor activity in MS-treated rats. PMID- 810344 TI - Effect of hypothalamic deafferentation on the secretion of thyrotropin in resting conditions in the rat. AB - Complete hypothalamic deafferentation in normal male rats, either limited to the median eminence, arcuate nucleus, and basal parts of ventromedial nuclei, or including, in addition, the ventromedial nuclei, dorsomedial hypothalamus, and a large part of the posterior hypothalamus, caused a decrease of resting serum TSH levels and a marked lowering of the pituitary TSH concentration. Partial frontal anterior cuts caused similar changes, whereas partial posterolateral cuts, or a complete deafferentation extended rostrally to include suprachiasmatic nuclei and caudal parts of the anterior hypothalamus, were without effect. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine levels in animals with the effective types of deafferentations were, after an initial short-lived decrease, within normal range despite persistent low TSH levels. Destruction of the median eminence-arcuate nucleus by electrolytic lesions in either normal or deafferented animals lowered serum TSH more than deafferentations alone, and caused a lasting decrease of serum T4 levels. We have concluded that the low serum TSH levels of the deafferented animals are caused by a partial impairment of TRF release from the median eminence-arcuate nucleus complex. This impairment seems, in turn, to be caused by the severance of the connection of the basal mid-hypothalamic structures with the more rostal parts of the hypothalamus. Our results also indicate that normal circulating levels of thyroid hormones can be maintained even at reduced serum TSH levels. PMID- 810345 TI - Development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the neonatal rat. AB - The hypothalmic content of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the pituitary concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the serum concentrations of TSH, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) have been determined at different intervals during the first 50 days following birth in the rat. From a minimum concentration of 1 pg/mug protein at birth, the hypothalamic concentration of TRH increased to a maximum of 5 to 6 pg between 16 and 28 days of age. Serum and pituitary TSH concentrations increased to maximum levels by the end of the first post-natal week; the elevated hormone levels were then maintained to the end of the third post-natal week. Circulating thyroid hormone concentrations were very low at birth. T4 increased rapidly between days 4 and 16 to reach a peak concentration of 6 mug/100 ml, while T3 followed a parallel pattern with a peak concentration of 108 ng/100 ml obtained only at day 28. These data indicate that, in the rat, components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis develop simultaneously during the post-natal period. PMID- 810346 TI - Effects of tetrahydrocannabinols on kindled amygdaloid seizures and photogenic seizures in Senegalese baboons, Papio papio. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and delta 9-THC failed to affect myoclonic response to photic stimulation in Senegalese baboons (Papio papio). However, both isomers of THC exerted dose-related antiepileptic effects upon established kindled convulsions provoked by electrical stimulation of amygdala in the same species. Delta 9-THC was more potent than delta 8-THC, in terms of both antiepileptic effects and general toxicity. The antiepileptic effects of the THC isomers appear to be due mainly to the suppression of propagation of the induced afterdischarge to distant cerebral structures, although high doses also seem to suppress afterdischarge at the site of stimulation. PMID- 810347 TI - Cerebellar control of basal forebrain seizures: amygdala and hippocampus. AB - Electroamygdalagrams and electrohippocampalgrams of the cat and monkey were studied before, during, and after electrically induced afterdischarges. Cerebellar stimulation, particularly of midline cortex, shortened or terminated afterdischarges. Prestimulation of the vermis suppressed afterdischarges for as long as 5 min. Excitation of nucleus fastigii prolonged afterdischarges, and legions of n. fastigii abolished the effects of stimulation of the vermis. Cooling of the vermis prolonged afterdischarges, an effect reversed by warming. Pretreatment with 6-OH dopamine to induce chemical lesions in the catecholamine system reduced the effectiveness of cerebellar stimulation. The findings indicate that the cerebellar cortex can exert a tonic suppressor (inhibitory?) INFLUENCE ON THE AMYgdala and hippocampus by way of n. fastigii. Evoked responses demonstrated cerebellar projection to the amygdala and the hippocampus. The evoked potentials were small with a short latency (4 to 10 msec to peak) and larger with a long latency (20 to 30 msec to peak) wave. Return projection to the cerebellum was shown, the small evoked potential having a latency of 6 to 12 msec and the larger one of 20 to 30 msec. PMID- 810348 TI - Control of fatty-acid synthetase biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 143 out of 308 fas1 mutants (47%) and 139 out of 443 fas2-mutants (32%) genetically studied in this laboratory fail to complement with any other fas mutant (deficient in fatty acid synthetase) of the same gene locus. From these noncomplementing fas-mutants no mutant fatty acid synthetase can be isolated using the wild-type enzyme purification procedure. Furthermore the noncomplementing fas-mutants generally contain no material immunologically crossreacting with a specific fatty acid synthetase antiserum. However, subunits obtained after dissociation of the complex with sodium dodecylsulfate still cross react with this antiserum. Therefore, it is concluded that noncomplementing fas mutants contain no fatty acid synthetase component proteins, though one of the two fas-loci is mutationally unaffected. This conclusion was further confirmed by 14C-labeled amino acid incorporation studies which indicated that in noncomplementing fas-mutants, other than in wild type and complementing fas mutant cells, no label was incorporated into fatty acid synthetase subunits or precursor proteins. At nonpermissive temperature, the same biochemical and immunological characteristics were observed with temperature-sensitive non complementing fas-mutants. These results suggest that noncomplementing fas mutants either represent regulatory mutants unable to induce the mutationally unaffected other fas-gene locus or that they are association-defective mutants. In both cases the resulting individual subunits of the complex may be rapidly degraded by intracellular proteases. PMID- 810349 TI - Immunochemical studies on factor V. AB - Native bovine factor V exhibits a molecular weight of 300000 as determined by gel filtration of untreated plasma. Highly purified factor V exhibits multiple molecular weight forms which range from small active fragments to aggregates of several million which are generated during the purification on cellulose phosphate. Isoelectric focusing on a single high-molecular-weight species produced a single protein and activity peak at pH 4.65. Factor V activity is associated with each protein band observed following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antisera to factor V prepared in rabbits produces a time dependent and concentration-dependent inhibition of factor V activity in plasma and purified factor V. The multiple molecular weight forms of factor V appear equivalent upon immunodiffusion and on immunoelectrophoresis migrate as an alpha globulin between albumin and fibrinogen. Immunoprecipitation arcs are equivalent in plasma and serum. Factor V consists of two major types of subunits, a light chain (73000), aggregates of which form the high-molecular-weight species, and a heavy chain (125 000). Using preparations containing one or both chains isolated by disc gel electrophoresis, antiserum was shown to contain two families of antibodies, one against each subunit. Cross reactivity with both light and heavy chain antigens is observed in sheep and goat but not monkey or human plasma. The antisera also neutralized goat and sheep factor V activity. PMID- 810350 TI - The mannosylation of dolichol-diphosphate oligosaccharides in relation to the formation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in pig-liver endoplasmic reticulum. AB - In the chain-lengthening of the oligosaccharide chains of endogenous dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides (DOL-P-P-oligosaccharides) by a pig liver microsomal preparation dolichol-monophosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) was a more efficient donor of mammose (a maximum of 35% transferred by 5 min) than was GDP-Man (reaching 16% by 45 min). The effects of an excess of GDP, an excess of GDP-Man, a lack of Mn2+ and an excess of EDTA showed that the transfer from GDP-Man was via Dol-P-Man. The evidence also indicated the presence of two pools of Dol-P-Man one of which was difficult to extract and which was possibly closely associated with the Dol-P P-oligosaccharides and the appropriate transferase. After 1 h of incubation transfer of 14C to 'insoluble polymer' from GDP-[14C]Man, Dol-P-[14C]Man and Dol P-P-[14C]oligosaccharides reached approximately 3%, 3% and 13% respectively, of that available. The result of adding excess unlabelled GDP-Man to an incubation with GDP-[14C]Man in progressconfirmed the sequence GDP-Man leads to Dol-P-Man leads to Dol-P-P-oligosaccharide leads to insoluble polymer. Solubilisation with sodium dodecyl sulphate of the radioactive 'insoluble polymer' followed by gel chromatography showed the presence of radioactive glycoprotein and oligosaccharide when either GDP-[14C]Man or Dol-P-P-[14C]oligosaccharide was used as donor. The proportion of oligosaccharide formed rose sharply when excess EDTA was present and GDP-[14C]Man was the donor. Under these conditions the oligosaccharide contained 5--6 units and all of the radioactivity could be released by alpha-mannosidase. The glycoprotein was susceptible to proteolysis. PMID- 810351 TI - Heterogeneity of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Lipopolysaccharide isolated from pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC1 and its phage resistant mutant was degraded by mild acid hydrolysis into lipid A and three major polysaccharide-containing fractions which were separated on Sephadex G-75. The low-molecular-weight fraction contained glucose, rhamnose, heptose, galactosamine, alanine and phosphate. The higher-molecular-weight fractions consisted mainly of glucose, rhamnose and glucosamine together with amino compounds. Alkaline degradation of the lipopolysaccharide produced at least four different species each of which contained a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide similar if not identical to that produced by acid hydrolysis. Under certain growth conditions an abnormal lipopolysaccharide was produced which was defective in the low-molecular-weight polysaccharide and contained mainly high-molecular weight material. Strains of different serotype yielded lipopolysaccharides which also exhibited heterogeneity but contained a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide similar to that obtained from strain PAC1 and PAC1R. It is suggested that each strain of P. aeruginosa may produce several lipopolysaccharides each containing a polysaccharide common to all. The relative proportions of the various lipopolysaccharides may be changed by growth conditions. PMID- 810352 TI - Phenol hydroxylase from yeast. Sulfhydryl groups in phenol hydroxylase from Trichosporon cutaneum. AB - Thiol groups in phenol hydroxylase were measured using two different -SH reagents and amino acid analysis. Stepwise blocking of the -SH groups was correlated with enzyme activity and FAD content. The results indicate that the enzyme contains 16 -SH groups per molecule of Mr 1.48 X 10(5). At least four -SH groups are not accessible without the use of a denaturing agent. There is seemingly no disulphide bridge. On the whole, the reactivity towards p-hydroxymercuribenzoate is much greater than towards 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The two reagents seem to have a different specificity with respect to which -SH groups they attack. Either reagent dislocates FAD from the holoenzyme, leaving a characteristic mercaptide derivative of the apoenzyme. Such derivatives were used to prepare the apoenzyme. The -SH groups in the apoenzyme are much more reactive towards 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) than the -SH groups in the holoenzyme. The stoichiometry of the reaction with 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) indicates that at least 8 -SH groups are located in spatially close pairs. The most reactive pair of all does not appear to be of importance for enzyme activity. The two subsequent -SH pairs are essential for enzyme activity are are involved in FAD attachment. The reactivity of the -SH groups decreases dramatically in the presence of substrate, even at substrate concentrations equivalent to the level of the catalytic sites. The isolated apoenzyme has a tendency to aggregate. A large proportion of -SH groups in such aggregate(s) is buried, especially when EDTA is not used throughout the preparation of the apoenzyme. The aggregates are enzymically inactive. PMID- 810353 TI - The possibilities and dangers of longterm infusion therapy in severely ill newborn and premature infants. AB - The development of pediatric intensive medicine in the past 10 years has today made it possible to carry out specific longterm infusion therapy even in severely ill newborn and premature infants. The present study discusses the various technical possibilities and indications for the introduction of a caval catheter in newborn and premature infants. Although we only used a caval catheter for longterm parenteral nutrition in 9 newborn infants from 1965 to 1969, improved techniques have enabled us over the past 2 years to choose this method in 43 newborn and premature infants presenting with a wide variety of clinical conditions. We conclude that the use of caval catheters still requires a very strong indication. PMID- 810354 TI - The effects of verapamil and paired-pulse stimulation on mammalian ventricle. AB - Postextrasystolic potentiation induced by paired-pulse stimulation was studied in mammalian ventricle muscle in the presence of verapamil (0.2-4.0 muM). Verapamil exerts a negative inotropic effect on the potentiated contraction, but the force of the potentiated contraction in the presence of verapamil is greater than that of the normal, unpotentiated contraction in the absence of verapamil. The positive inotropic effect of paired stimulation appears to result both from an additional calcium influx appearing as a calcium current during the plateau of the premature action potential and from some additional mechanism, tentatively identified as a Na: Ca exchange. Our results suggest that paired-pulse stimulation could be used clinically to counteract the negative inotropic effects of verapamil; moreover, the antiarrhythmic action of verapamil might counteract any arrhythmias caused by paired pacing. PMID- 810355 TI - Nonuniform subendocardial fiber orientation in the normal macaque left ventricle. AB - Fiber-angle changes in tangential planes through the heart wall are described in two macaque left ventricles at four equatorial and three near-apical sites. At each site, starting at a strongly negative angle at the epicardium, the fibers swing circumferentially short of midwall and continue their progressive climb to positive angles. Angles depart from the steady climb in the subendocardial region, and beyond the endocardium a wide scatter of fiber angles persist into the free trabeculae, the profuseness of which motivated this study. An interface is described histologically, coinciding with the fiber-angle deviations in the subendocardial sections, which divides the compact region of the wall from the trabeculated region. A dual function is postulated for the mural portion of the trabeculated region of the heart wall. PMID- 810356 TI - Epigenetic influences on the lifespan of the Drosophila: existence of an optimal growth temperature for adult longevity. PMID- 810357 TI - Identical age-related patterns of enzyme activity changes in Phormia regina and Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810358 TI - Direct visual input to the limbic system: crossed retinal projections to the nucleus anterodorsalis thalami in the tree shrew. AB - Evidence for a direct projection from the retina to the nucleus anterodorsalis thalami in the insectivore, Tupaia glis, is presented. 100 muCi tritiated amino acid or amino acid/monosaccharide cocktail were administered as two separate intravitreal injections of 50 muCi each. Fibers were traced using thawmount autoradiography in which tissue is frozen in liquid propane, cryostat-cut, and mounted on photographic emulsion precoated slides (Conrad and Stumpf, 1974). From the dorsolateral geniculate body, contralateral retinal fibers continue as a dorsomedial extension of the optic tract. When traced rostrally from this point, the fibers form a thin fascicle coursing medially under the third ventricle. In the anterior thalamus the bundle arborizes within the n. anterodorsalis, infiltrating its caudal pole completely but only encapsulating the nucleus anteriorly. This new retino-anterodorsal thalamic projection, together with the known anterior thalamic-retrosplenial projection, represents a third visual pathway in Tupaia glis distinct from the retino-geniculo-striatal and retino tecto-pulvinar-peristriatal systems. It is significant that each of these thalamic relay nuclei projects to an architectonically different cortical region, with the nucleus anterodorsalis sending afferents to the phylogenetically most primitive of the visual cortices, the retrosplenial proisocortex or prostriata (Vitzthum and Sanides, 1967). It is proposed that the retino-anterior thalamic retrosplenial circuit forms an anatomical substrate by which light cues may affect emotional behavior and corresponding neurovisceral responses. PMID- 810359 TI - Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns. AB - Monkey motor cortex cells were recorded during isolated, isometric contractions of each of four representative arm muscles -- a flexor and extensor of wrist and elbow -- and comparable response averages computed. Most cells were coactivated with several of the muscles; some fired the same way with all four and others with none. Results suggest that many precentral cells have a higher order relation to muscles than motoneurons. Operantly reinforced bursts of cell activity were associated with coactivation of specific muscles, called the cell's "motor field"; the most strongly coactivated muscle was usually the one whose isolated contraction had evoked the most intense unit activity. During active elbow movements most cells fired in a manner consistent with their isometric patterns, but clear exceptions were noted. Differential reinforcement of unit activity and muscle suppression was invariably successful in dissociating correlations. The strength of each unit-muscle correlation was assessed by the relative intensity of their coactivation and its consistency under different response conditions. Several cells exhibited the most intense coactivation with the same muscle during all conditions. Thus, intensity and consistency criteria usually agreed, suggesting that strong correlations so determined may operationally define a "functional relation". However, correlations in the sense of covariation are neither necessary nor sufficient evidence to establish anatomical connections. To test the possibility of direct excitatory connections we stimulated the cortex, but found lowest threshold responses in distal muscles, even from points where most cells had been strongly correlated with proximal muscles. Post-spike averages of rectified EMG activity provided scant evidence for cell-related fluctuations in firing probabilities of any muscles. PMID- 810360 TI - Relation of activity in precentral cortical neurons to force and rate of force change during isometric contractions of finger muscles. AB - The activity of single neurons within the hand area of the precentral motor cortex of primates was recorded during the performance of a maintained precision grip between the thumb and forefinger. The finger opposition forces were exerted against a strain gauge which allowed force changes to be studied under near isometric conditions. Task performance required the generation of a force ramp (the dynamic phase) and thereafter the maintenance of a stable force for one second (the static phase). Intracortical stimulation through the recording electrode was used to verify that the recordings were made from the appropriate somatotopographic area of the motor cortex. From a total of 221 recorded neurons, 76 were found to be either activated or deactivated during performance of the task. Among the 51 activated neurons, most discharged at higher frequencies during the dynamic phase, than during the static phase. The discharge of some of these neurons could be related to both force (F) and rate of force change (dF-dt) whereas certain others could only be correlated with dF-dt. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons generally occurred prior to the onset of EMG activity. Eight neurons were more active during maintained force than during the force ramp. The discharge frequency could not be correlated with dF-dt and only one showed a significant positive relation to force. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons either coincided or occurred after the onset of EMG activity. PMID- 810361 TI - The shift-effect in retinal ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey. PMID- 810362 TI - Control of direction of growth during the elongation of neurites. PMID- 810363 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the brain on visually controlled (attentive) behavior in Macaca mulatta. PMID- 810364 TI - Ontogeny of the levels of biogenic amines in various parts of the brain and in peripheral tissues in normal and protein malnourished rats. PMID- 810365 TI - Electron microscopic observations of hypothalami in neonatal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after administration of monosodium-L-glutamate. PMID- 810366 TI - Reversible inhibition of spermatogenesis in rats and monkeys with a new class of indazol-carboxylic acids. PMID- 810367 TI - A new product of rearrangement of penicillin V (S)-sulphoxide. AB - Penicillin V (S)-sulphoxide (I), treated with methanesulphonic acid in benzene and dimethylacetamide, gives the decarboxylated increment3-cephem compound (IV) and a new product of rearrangement to which the structure of the 4-[N-(1'-carboxy 2'-methylenepropyl)carbamoyl]-2-phenoxymethylthiazole (VIII) is ascribed. PMID- 810368 TI - Specific protein assay. PMID- 810369 TI - Stimulated plasma prolactin levels in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate or an intrauterine device for contraception. PMID- 810370 TI - Hypofertility and clomiphene citrate therapy. PMID- 810371 TI - Importance of frozen-stored human semen in the spread of gonorrhea. AB - The sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhea in both infected human semen and urine to routine handling and storage above and below the freezing temperature has been studied. It was found that gonococci in such physiologic media remain viable in storage under atmospheric conditions, in gauze-plugged shell vials or in sealed plastic straws, for 1 to 8 days at +22 degrees C. Furthermore, cryo-survival of gonococci was demonstrated after pretreatment at +22 degrees C; freezing to, and thawing from, -196 degrees C; and frozen storage at -196 degrees C for at least 18 months, with and without the cryo-protectant glycerol. The relationship between laboratory diagnostic testing, disease transmission by males, and therapeutic donor insemination (AID) was discussed. It was strongly urged that only frozen-stored semen should be used in AID, primarily because of the possible use of asymptomatic donors. Cryo-preservation would ensure adequate testing of each sample to be inseminated, preventing the transmission of pandemic gonorrhea via semen. PMID- 810372 TI - Ocular effects of oral contraceptives. II. Studies in the rhesus monkey. AB - Oral contraceptives were administered cyclically to 96 female rhesus monkeys for 5 years. Forty-eight animals received Enovid-E and 48 were treated with Ovulen at doses 1, 10, and 50 times the human dose. Ophthalmic lesions did not occur at any of the dose levels employed. Significant fundic lesions, including papilledema, venous dilatation, venous retinal thrombosis, or arterial retinal thrombosis, did not develop in any of the treated animals. PMID- 810373 TI - The influence of calf thymus DNA and deoxyribonucleosides on the induction of different mutation types in drosophila. AB - The influence of exogenous DNA on the induction of mutations by X-rays was compared with the influence of an equimolar mixture of four deoxyribonucleosides. Pretreatment and posttreatment with calf thymus DNA did not influence the frequency of mutations at the specific loci dp, b, cn and bw as well as Minute mutations induced in Drosophila sperm by X-radiation. Pretreatment with the equimolar mixture of four deoxyribonucleosides increased the frequency of the Minutes, but it did not affect the frequency of mutations at the loci dp, b, cn, bw. Equimolar mixture of nucleosides alone induced a low frequency of Minute mutations in Drosophila sperm. DNA alone induced a low frequency of recessive lethals. These lethals arose as mosaics of small sectors of the gonads of F1 females and they were revealed as late as the F3 generation. PMID- 810374 TI - Editorial: GC culture: who, when, how much? PMID- 810375 TI - The inhibition of catecholase activity by cuticle extracts in larvae of the fleshfly (Sarcophaga barbarta). PMID- 810376 TI - The control and site of synthesis of the haemolymph pro-tyrosinase in larvae of the fleshfly (sarcophaga barbarta). PMID- 810377 TI - Tissue interaction in chick liver development: a reevaluation. II. Parenchymal differentiation: mesenchymal influence and morphogenetic independence. PMID- 810378 TI - Formation of one-dimensional patterns by stochastic processes and by filamentous blue-green algae. PMID- 810380 TI - Diabetic complications in a patient with coexisting anterior hypopituitarism. AB - We present a patient who developed insulin-requiring diabetes several years after the onset of symptoms of anterior hypopituitarism. It is likely that the hypopituitarism protected him against the development of diabetic retinopathy and glomerular basement membrane thickening but not against neuropathy and atheroma. The significance of this in relation to the growth-hormone-microangiopathy hypothesis is discussed. PMID- 810381 TI - Morphogenic effects of halogenated thymidine analogues on Drosophila. VI. Causal analysis of bromodeoxyuridine induced growth lesions. AB - Variations in the treatment conditions which affect the frequency of BUdR-induced morphogenic lesions in Drosophila melanogaster have been studied. By varying the concentrations of BUdR and FU, or by changing the duration of treatment, it has been demonstrated that increased incorporation of BUdR into DNA results in a concomitant increase in morphogenic lesions. A quantitative analysis of the data on BUdR-induced lesions as a function of the age of the larvae at the time of treatment indicates that an analog pulse during early larval life induces fewer, but larger lesions than a similar treatment given during later stages of development. These observations support the hypothesis that the developmental modifications are the result of genetic changes which in subsequent replication cycles of DNA are transmitted to descendant cells, and are not necessarily due to the presence of BUdR in DNA per se of cells in the developing organism. PMID- 810382 TI - Changes in ribosome-associated proteins during sea urchin development. AB - Ribosomes isolated from unfertilised eggs of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, have a higher protein: RNA ratio than ribosomes extracted from blastula stage ribosomes. Approximately 64 additional protein equivalents are found per ribosome. Most of the proteins are of high molecular weight and are tightly bound, being resistant to high-salt and EDTA treatment. The majority of the proteins appear to be basic in nature and remain associated with the 40S subunit on dissociation of the ribosomes. The possible physiological significance of the additional proteins is discussed in terms of the activation of protein synthesis following fertilisation. Sea urchin ribosomes, isolated from various stages of development, showed differential protein-labelling patterns. The high molecular-weight proteins had preferentially higher specific activities and one ribosomal protein was particularly highly labelled, reaching a maximum at the gastrula stage of development. The functional role of this highly labelled protein during development is discussed. PMID- 810383 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin (0.6 mg sublingual) have been studied in eleven patients with coronary artery disease, by means of the thermodilution method which enables cardiac output to be repeatedly measured at short time intervals (1-2 minutes). The following data have been studied: blood pressure (BP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PA), left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), total systemic resistance (TSR), total pulmonary resistance (TPR), tension-time index (TTI) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). Within 1 minute following nitroglycerin (NG) administration the patients showed a decrease in TSR, TPR, and an increase in CO, SV, HR and LVCWI. TTI was reduced at the 5th minute. LVFP, PA and BP decreased after 3-5 minutes. CO increase at the 1st minute often compensated the fall in TSR, and blood pressure remained unchanged. The LVSWI/LVFP curve showed a transitory shift to the left at the 1st minute. In eleven normal subjects NG induced a minor increase in CO and SV, and a minor decrease in TSR at the 1st minute. The mechanism of action of NG in angina pectoris is briefly discussed. PMID- 810384 TI - Osteogenic induction by cell-free material from murine osteosarcoma and its cultured cell line. AB - A bone-inducing factor was detected in murine osteosarcoma and its cultured cells. The factor was partially purified from the osteosarcoma and its biological properties were examined. The ectopic formation of the bone with hematopoietic marrow was observed in situ histologically 4 weeks after inoculation of the cell free material intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Non-osteogenic tumors do not produce this factor. This factor seems to be a protein which is relatively resistant to heating yet labile to mechanical shaking. PMID- 810385 TI - Mutagenicity of alpha-acetoxy-dialkylnitrosamines: model compounds for an ultimate carcinogen. PMID- 810386 TI - The control of mutational instability by a new mutator gene of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810388 TI - Fitness of third chromosome homozygotes in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810387 TI - Chromosomal location of prophage J51 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO. PMID- 810389 TI - The replication of the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1. II. Sequential mutagenesis of synchronized cultures. PMID- 810390 TI - An experimental on recombination load in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810391 TI - Energy intake, disability, disease and skinfold thickness in a long-stay hospital. AB - Body build was assessed by measuring supinator and triceps skinfold thickness of 66 elderly patients in a long-stay hospital. Nursing staff made seven day records of the food intakes for the subjects. These were used to estimate calorie intakes. There was no relationship between energy intake and skinfold thickness. Reduced skinfold thicknesses were more common in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or a previous fractured neck of femur than in those with cerebro vascular disease or any other disorder. The findings suggest that the body build of long-stay patients is usually determined by their energy intake prior to admission. The feeding patterns of patients, once they are admitted, have little effect on body build. PMID- 810392 TI - Loss of mitochondrial DNA with aging in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The buoyant densities of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from Drosophila melanogaster lysates has been found to show no change with increasing age in both CsCl and Cs2SO4 equilibrium density gradients. Whole fly homogenates were used to demonstrate no change in nuclear DNA content during adult life. Mitochondrial DNA increased from 1.2 to 4.3% of the total DNA during the first week of adult life and then decreased during senescence to a minimum of 1.5% at 10 weeks of age which represented a 65% loss in mitochondrial DNA content with age. These data are interpreted to support the proposal that mitochondria destruction occurs during senescence. PMID- 810393 TI - [Characteristics of Mycobacteria isolated from diagnostic obtained from tuberculous patients in selected environments]. PMID- 810395 TI - [New studies in GM2 gangliosidoses]. PMID- 810394 TI - Mucosal changes in gastric ulceration and their response to carbenoxolone sodium. AB - The epithelial differences between the normal stomach (six subjects) and 47 patients with gastric ulcers were compared. The concentrations of intraepithelial lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in lesser curve and prepyloric gastirc ulcers were compared, the effect of treatment with carbenoxolone sodium was studied. There is a statistically significant reduction in the total number of intraepithelial polymorphonuclear leucocytes before and after successful treatment with carbenoxolone sodium. There is also a statistically significant decrease in the quantity of intraepithelial lymphocytes in those patients with lesser curve gastric ulcers successfully treated with carbenoxolone sodium, whereas there is a significant increase in those patients with prepyloric gastric ulcers successfully treated and those patients in whom treatment failed. The value of counts of migrating white blood cells as a method of objectively assessing the effect of healing drugs upon the gastric mucosa is discussed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in many specimens obtained, and evidence is presented that this was not a contaminant. Carbenoxolone appeared to increase the amount of mucus but had little effect upon the number of bacteria found. The possible contribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to gastric ulceration is discussed. PMID- 810397 TI - Cultivation of islets of Langerhans in millipore chamber in vivo. PMID- 810396 TI - Experimental hyperthyroidism in dogs. Evaluation and effects on blood sugar, serum insulin and free fatty acids during glibenclamide infusion test. AB - The effects of hyperthyroidism on the BS, serum IRI and FFA responses to HB 419 were studied. Hyperthyroidism, induced by l-thyroxine administration, caused an increase in body temperature, respiratory rate, BS, serum FFA and PBI basal levels. Fasting serum cholesterol was reduced, and body weight, basal metabolic and heart rates, as well as basal serum insulin level failed to be affected. The hypoglycaemic response to HB 419 was moderately facilitated by hyperthyroidism, despite of inducing an impairment in the insulin secretory response. Serum FFA profile, similarly shaped in hyperthyroid dogs and in euthyroid controls, was shifted upwards by hyperthyroid condition. Results are discussed. PMID- 810398 TI - The influence of various enzyme inhibitors on 125I-porcine calcitonin adsorption and incubation damage. PMID- 810399 TI - Heterogeneity of clottable fibrinogen isolated from plasma by affinity chromatography. AB - Human fibrinogen was adsorbed on thrombin-activated fibrinogen which had been immobilized by covalent coupling with Sepharose-6B (Fibrin-Sepharose). Subsequent desorption with a buffer containing 1 M KBr yielded a protein which, after removal of KBr, showed a clottability of 83%. If the same procedure was applied to plasma, a fibrinogen-containing fraction with a clottability of 90-95% was obtained. In addition to fibrinogen, it comprised substances of higher and lower molecular weight, as shown by gel electrophoresis. Following adsorption on DEAE cellulose at pH 8.8, several fractions were obtained by a stepwise elution technique with buffers of increasing molarity and decreasing pH. The first contained fibrinogen with partially degraded Aalpha-chains. It was followed by unaffected fibrinogen. In subsequent fractions, fibrinogen was associated with another protein which, in dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, migrated with a rate similar to that of the gamma-chains. The last fraction contained high molecular weight substances which, by reduction, yielded a relatively high molecular weight cleavage product and some subunits of lower molecular weight. Finally, a stepwise elution from Fibrin-Sepharose was elaborated to fractionate adsorbed plasma proteins. A fraction giving only a slight reaction with antifibrinogen was eluted with KBr-free buffer at 37 degrees C. Subsequent desorption with a buffer containing 1 M KBr removed fibrinogen of 83% clottability with only minute amounts of accompanying proteins. PMID- 810400 TI - Stricter controls needed to regulate surgical procedures. PMID- 810401 TI - Respiratory care warrants studies for cost-effectiveness. AB - The need for careful cost-effectiveness studies in the field of RCS is apparent. Salaries consume most of the cost, and overtrained and expensive personnel may be saturating the work force. Costs for consumable and nonconsumable supplies have not risen out of proportion to general economic inflationary indixes. Close examination is needed of therapeutic modalities that are expensive and that stand on shaky scientific ground. However, the short-term experience of the medical center's multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation program has demonstrated that such programs can be worth the costs involved. PMID- 810402 TI - A commentary on ANA's recommendations on long-term care. PMID- 810403 TI - Studies of the genetic susceptibility of individuals to infection with influenza viruses. AB - Nearly three and a half thousand sera obtained from various populations were tested serologically to obtain evidence of past infection with influenza A viruses that were prevalent from 1947 to 1972. No significant difference was found between the distributions of the levels of these antibodies of individuals of blood groups A and O, A1 and O, Rh (D+) and Rh (D-) and MM, MN and NN. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 810405 TI - Value of serum histaminase in myocardial infarction. PMID- 810404 TI - Sero-genetic studies on the G/wi and G//ana San of Botswana. AB - The G/wi and G//ana San ('Bushmen') of the Central Kalahari Reserve, Botswana, live as cyclically migrant hunter-gatherer bands. They have some contact with one another, with the Negro Kgalagadi, and with White farmers near Ghanzi. Studies carried out on samples of these peoples from the Okwa Valley reveal a sero genetic profile characteristic of the San in general, deviant from that of the Khoi ('Hottentots') and quite different from that of the Negroes. These findings help to substantiate the claim that the Khoisan peoples should be regarded as one of the major divisions of mankind and not simply as having comparatively recently evolved from a common stock with the Negroes. PMID- 810406 TI - Prognostic value of serum histaminase in congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 810407 TI - [In vitro experiments on the working of combinations of gentamicin and beta lactam antibiotics against Pseudonomas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - The M.B.C.'s of gentamicin and carbenicillin against Pseudonomas aeruginosa NCTC 10490 were measured under controlled conditions using a Biophotometer. The M.B.C. of gentamicin was 15 mug/ml but even in a concentration of 1,000 mug/ml carbenicillin was not bactericidal. In further experiments, subinhibitory concentrations of gentamicin (1 mug/ml) together with varying concentrations of carbenicillin were added to a log phase culture of the organism. Under these conditions the M.B.C. of carbenicillin was now 6 mug/ml. In tube dilution test the M.B.C. of carbenicillin alone was 15.6 mug/ml and for gentamicin 3.9 mug/ml. The M.B.C.'s of other beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalothin) were four to five times as great as for carbenicillin whereas that for ticarcillin was identical. Parallel to the "multiplication inhibition" test in the Biophotometer we investigated 51 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa freshly isolated from clinical material. Their M.B.C.'s were determined in tube dilution tests against doubling dilutions of beta-lactam antibiotics, with and without the addition of 1 mug/ml gentamicin. With this concentration of gentamicin, the M.B.C.'s of carbenicillin and ticarcillin were considerably lower than for these substances alone. In comparison to carbenicillin, ticarcillin was more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our findings indicate that for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections the combination of gentamicin with other beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalothin) is to be avoided. But the combination of gentamicin with either carbenicillin or ticarcillin appeared to be effective. PMID- 810409 TI - [IgD-multiple myeloma. Review of 102 cases reported in the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Reports on 102 patients suffering from IgD-myeloma are reviewed and analyzed. Patients with IgD-myeloma are younger than patients with myeloma producing IgG or IgA myeloma proteins. Males are affected by this disease 3 times as often as females and 11 times as often as female patients in the group producing kappa light chain type of IgD myeloma protein. Hyperproteinaemia and extreme spikes of the monoclonal immunoglobulin occur less often. Approximately 90% of the patients have a lambda light chain myeloma protein and almost all patients excrete Bence Jones protein. Renal insufficiency, amyloidosis, and plasma-cell leukemia are found more frequently than in other types of multiple myeloma. IgD-multiple myeloma carries a poorer prognosis, possibly related to the frequent finding of renal insufficiency. PMID- 810408 TI - [Immunosuppressive effects of operations and their possible limitation (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The humoral immunosystem is impaired in those cases of catabolic metabolism in which quantitative and qualitative insufficient alimentation is expected after operation. 2. After cholecystectomies as well as after cardiac surgery with extracorporal circulation a reasonably balanced parenteral nutrition composed of carbohydrates and amino acids would considerably inhibit the changes in the humoral immunity, which is a valuable contribution to the prevention of infection. 3. In our experiments on transformation of lymphocytes after mitogenic stimulation, the depressive effects of operation of the cellular immunity were found to be etiologically more complex than was previously assumed in publications. PMID- 810410 TI - Affinity-labeling of anti-lactose antibody. PMID- 810411 TI - Analogies between hemoglobin and immunoglobulin evolution. PMID- 810412 TI - Aspects of vertebrate immunoglobulin evolution. Constancy in light chain electrophoretic behavior. PMID- 810413 TI - The nature of 'species-specific' amino acid residues. PMID- 810414 TI - Excitation-contraction of single vascular smooth muscle cells and lymphatics in vivo. PMID- 810415 TI - Cell-surface markers on murine lymphomas. PMID- 810416 TI - The inability of surgical bursectomy in the newly hatched period to affect antibody formation in the pigeon (Columba livia). AB - Surgical bursectomy was performed in newly hatched pigeons within 24 hours of hatching. The effect of bursectomy on the immune responsiveness was evaluated by studying antibody formation to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus organisms and by the presence of serum immunoglobulins after immunoelectrophoresis. Surgically bursectomized pigeons responded as well to SRBC and Brucella as did the non-bursectomized controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the geometric mean antibody titers between the bursectomized and non-bursectomized groups of pigeons. Treatment of the serum with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) indicated that the major amount of antibody produced was resistant to 2-ME and there was no significant difference in the amount of 2-ME-resistant antibody produced in the bursectomized and the control pigeons. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the sera from the bursectomized pigeons showed both IgG and IgM present in similar quantities to that of the non bursectomized controls. Histological sections of the spleens showed germinal centers in both groups of pigeons. Sections of the bursal area from the bursectomized birds indicated that none of the pigeons in the bursectomized group had any remaining identifiable bursal tissue, follicular structures or other organized lymphoid tissue. PMID- 810417 TI - Characteristics of the effector cells mediating cytotoxicity against antibody coated target cells. I. Phagocytic and non-phagocytic effector cell activity against erythrocyte and tumour target cells in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and [125I]IUdR growth inhibition assay. AB - Both phagocytic and non-phagocytic effector cells were able to kill rabbit antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) while only non-phagocytic effector cells were active against alloantibody-coated SL2 lymphoma. In addition to the variation in susceptibility of erythrocyte and tumour target cells to various effector cell populations, it was found that different tumour cells can vary markedly in their ability to be killed by non-immune spleen cells in the presence of antibody. It is postulated that both the type of antibody and certain characteristics of the cell membrane are important in determining whether target cells are susceptible to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity detected by the 51Cr release assay. It was also demonstrated that alloantibody-coated P 815-Y mastocytoma, which showed very little evidence of cytotoxicity in the 51Cr release assay, was markedly inhibited in its ability to incorporate [125I]IUdR after incubation with antiserum and non-immune spleen cells. This growth inhibition in the absence of cytotoxicity, or cytostasis, is discussed in relation to the potential mechanisms of target cell damage, and in the light of recent observations (Plata, Gomard, LeClerc and Levy, 1974; Newlands and Roitt, 1975) that cytotoxicity and growth inhibition assays detect different effector cell populations in tumour-bearing animals. PMID- 810420 TI - The relationship between childhood malnutrition and maternal knowledge and beliefs regarding nutrition. PMID- 810419 TI - Biochemistry of protein-calorie malnutrition. A review of some recent advances. PMID- 810421 TI - Comparative study of the efficacy of chloramphenicol and a combination of chloramphenicol, broxyquinoline and brobanzoxaldine in the treatment of enteric fever. PMID- 810418 TI - Purification and quantification of T and B lymphocytes by an affinity method. AB - Affinity surfaces were produced by coupling human immunoglobulin (HGG) to the surface of tissue culture grade plastic-ware with a water-soluble carbodiimide followed by treatment with anti-HGG antisera. Surface immunoglobulin SIg) bearing human B lymphocytes attach to these surfaces when centrifuged on to them and unattached cells could be recovered by inverting the trays or dishes. Optimal cell attachment conditions could be rapidly evaluated by counting cells attached to representative areas of multi-well trays and percentage of SIg-bearing cells quantified. Evidence was obtained for cell attachment through Fc receptors as well as SIg using unrelated antigen--antibody-coated trays. This could be prevented by using the F (ab')2 fragments of the antisera. Under these conditions specific attachment through K and lambda light chains could be achieved with normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes. Using tissue culture plastic Petri dishes and relatively small quantities of antiserum, larger numbers of lymphocytes could be processed to produce T lymphocytes containing less than 1 per cent of contaminating SIg-positive cells. PMID- 810422 TI - Regulation of protein metabolism in relation to adequacy of intake. AB - The daily flux of amino acids in the body is extensive. Protein synthesis is estimated to be 300 g daily in an adult man. This requires uptake and release of 150 g essential amino acids, yet the dietary requirement for essential amino acids in only 6 g. This indicates extensive and efficient recycling of essential amino acids released by protein breakdown. The catabolism of essential amino acids by the liver is sensitively regulated in relation to requirements. A study of availability of tryptophan to rats receiving various levels of tryptophan in the diet shows that plasma tryptophan increases only when intake exceeds requirements and at these higher levels of intake tryptophan oxygenase activity in the liver becomes increased shortly after meals. In addition, the carbohydrate content of the diet causes tryptophan to become deposited in the free amino acid pool of muscle through an insulin-dependent mechanism. Dietary carbohydrate also effects plasma tryptophan due to a fall in the plasma level of non-esterified fatty acids which compete with tryptophan for binding sites on serum albumin. Consequently, after carbohydrate the proportion of plasma tryptophan bound to serum albumin increases, so that there is less nonbound tryptophan in the plasma. The metabolic significance of this has yet to be demonstrated. Finally, protein metabolism in skeletal muscle exhibits considerable efficiency of reutilization of essential amino acids, since the main products passing into the blood are alanine and glutamine. It has been shown that 3-methylhistidine present in muscle protein in not reutilized for synthesis of protein and that its excretion in the urine can provide a useful index of muscle catabolism. In prolonged starvation of adults or protein deficiency in children, output of 3-methylhistidine is much reduced, suggesting an adaptive reduction in muscle protein catabolism. It is emphasized that, because of its function in monitoring dietary amino acid intake, liver protein metabolism responds rapidly to changes in protein intake and in consequence protein deficiency causes early depletion, whereas muscle protein undergoes depletion later and is subject to adaptive processes that restrict the loss. PMID- 810424 TI - [Parenteral feeding and humoral immune response]. PMID- 810423 TI - [Balanced parenteral nutrition following total pancreatectomy. (Metabolic data)]. AB - The replacement of components of normal metabolism getting lost during operation is an important problem for the clinician. On the basis of a case of total pancreatectomy because of carcinoma of the pancreas this essential problem for the postoperative treatment is demonstrated. After control of the predominant metabolic parameters of the patient over a relatively long postoperative period, we want to formulate our conclusion as follows: In spite of the massive surgery we found only relatively small destruction of the patient's metabolic system. The evident variations in blood sugar level were probably caused by the often changing kinds of nutrition (the patient having been some weeks at home). As the most distinctive sign of a well performed therapy we regard the results of the daily weight control. In spite of the heavy physical stress over many months we could stabilize the patient's body weight after a short postoperative loss. PMID- 810425 TI - [Studies on the behavior of chromium in serum and urine in polytraumatized patients as well as on the chromium concentration of various infusion solutions]. AB - Determinations of the oligoelement chromium were carried out by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy in serum, whole blood, and urine of patients, undergoing intensive care, as well as in a great part of the solutions used for parenteral nutrition. With rising amino acid and protein content, respectively, the chromium content of the infusion solutions increased due to contamination. Pure nonglucose carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions contained 16.5-49.0 mug chromium/litre, amino acid-carbohydrate solutions 36.5-105.0 mug chromium/litre and human albumin solutions, depending on concentration, 86.9-394.2 mug chromium/litre. The average chromium concentration in the patients' serum was 11.3 +/- 0.26 mug/litre, which is twenty times more than the normal values determined by this method, and increased from 8.3 to 16.4 mug/litre within the first seven days. The urinary chromium concentrations were 37.7 +/- 4.1 mug/litre, being three times higher than the average serum values, but remained constant from day to day. The approximate chromium administration by parenteral infusion therapy was 160-250 mug chromium/day, the urinary chromium excretion was 111 +/- 20.5 mug/day. Consequently, great amounts of parenterally supplied chromium seem to be stored in the patients' tissues. Effects and risks for the organism caused by these unphysiological chromium concentrations are discussed. PMID- 810426 TI - [The use of residue-free resorbable nutrient preparations in colonic surgery]. AB - 1. Our tests have shown that the use of the oral nutrient Vivasorb which is completely resorbed in the small intestine, allows patients to be prepared for a large bowel surgical procedure without having them fast. This nutrient guarantees the supply of all the necessary components of nutrition, including high caloric value. 2. The main effects that recommend the use of Vivasorb are: an improvement in the conditions for the healing of intestinal sutures because of the absence of intestinal contents and good trophic conditions in the intestinal wall. 3. The use of Vivasorb offers the possibility to avoid successive operations, e.g. with temporary fistulae. 4. The administration of Vivasorb allows the possibility to balance the nitrogen deficit which would otherwise result from fasting during the preparative stage before the operation and, additionally, from the increased turnover which persists during the post-operative phase. 5. We achieved good successes with the oral nutrient Vivasorb in our investigations, and in the operative treatment of large bowel and rectal carcinomas, and in cases of haemorrhoids and anal fistuale. Further investigations are being made. 6. We feel that it is favourable to use enemas during the preparative period, so that by removing the faeces remaining from the time before Vivasorb administration, the preparation period can be shortened without compromising the "sterility" of the large bowel. PMID- 810427 TI - [The improtance of endogenous amino acid losses in diarrhea in infants]. AB - Protein depletion is introduced as a unitary concept in the progression of acute infantile diarrheas into a protracted or intractable stage. It has been shown that in acute infantile diarrhea significant amounts of endogenous nitrogen are lost through the stool. Accumulated loss beyond a week or so may interfere with regeneration of intestinal mucosa and the synthesis of digestive enzymes. The success of total parenteral alimentation in the management of intractable diarrhea supports this theory. As a relatively simple preventive measure, the administration of amino acid solution by peripheral vein, concomitantly with glucose, is suggested in the management of the early stages of infantile diarrhea. PMID- 810428 TI - A new approach to evaluate the final effect of parenteral nutrition. AB - In patients who had undergone gastric operations, the efficacy of a parenteral rehabilitation with plasma, human albumin and Aminofusin L forte was determined by assessing the extravascular albumin pool. The intravenous administration of Aminofusin L forte thus proved to be today's safest and quickest method of protein rehabilitation. PMID- 810430 TI - Plasma exchange with plasma protein fraction and lactated Ringer's solution using the continuous flow cell separator. AB - Ten patients underwent 50-70 percent plasma exchanges using the continuous flow cell separator. The exchange material consisted of Plasma Protein Fraction (PPF) and Lactated Ringer's Solution (LRS) instead of fresh frozen, modified or lyophilized plasma. No bleeding or other complications were encountered. The coagulation factor activity after exchange was above that required for hemostasis. The procedure is safe, expeditious and efficient. PMID- 810429 TI - [The metabolism of monosaccharides and polyoles]. AB - The metabolism and the various metabolic effects of the sugar substitutes fructose, sorbitol and xylitol have been studied and compared to those of glucose. Fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol were found to be metabolized almost completely in the liver, whereas glucose was metabolized only 20-30% by this organ. The sugars and polyols exhibit a number of common effects characteristic of carbohydrate metabolism. Some of them are for example increase in lactate concentration, increase in lactate-pyruvate ratio, decrease in the concentration of free fatty acids, and decrease in phosphate concentration. The only effect that is restricted to fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol, is the stimulation of uric acid biosynthesis. Though sugar substitutes may be regarded as precursors of glucose, they have only little effect on the increase of blood glucose concentration in normal subjects. This may be due to the glucose - fatty acid cycle. It is to be expected that the use of fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol in diabetes mellitus and under stress situations has certain advantages over glucose. PMID- 810431 TI - [Amino acids in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 810432 TI - [Metabolic behavior in total parenteral nutrition during the postoperative phase]. AB - In patients who had undergone gastric operation, total postoperative parenteral nutrition was effected using a combination of two infusion solutions having complementary constituents. 80 g L-amino acids and about 2,500 kcal in the form of a glucose-levulose-xylitol mixture together with electrolytes and trace elements were infused daily. Metabolic parameters, serum levels and the concentrations of the most important administered substances excreted in the urine were determined every day at the same time. The 1:1:1 glucose-levulose xylitol ratio of the caloric carrier proved to be a favourable combination with respect to metabolic behaviour and the necessary daily supply of calories. The basic electrolyte requirement of the patients was to a large extent met by the quantities contained in the solutions. PMID- 810433 TI - [Importance of postoperative parenteral feeding--measured by low and high molecular plasma proteins]. AB - By continuous parenteral administration of carbohydrates, combined with essential amino acids and L-histidine, a significant improvement in urea nitrogen and plasma protein metabolism could be obtained in 24 patients during the first ten days after abdominal surgery. A comparable control group of 15 patients who received only water, electrolytes and vitamins in the postoperative phase showed significantly worse results. The observation that under the influence of parental nutrition the beginning azotemia and the deficit of immunoglobulins especially of the complement components improved more quickly after the stress of surgery seems to be an important clinical aspect. At the same time it became evident that adequate parenteral nutrition can have a significant effect on the postoperative behaviour of some plasma proteins (retinol-binding protein, albumin,transferrin, prealbumin). PMID- 810434 TI - Free amino acids in plasma in the post-traumatic period. AB - The pattern of the amino acids in plasma of 22 polytraumatized patients who obtained a standardized total parenteral nutrition over a period of 3-10 days was studied. Following to the trauma - before the infusion period - a rapid decrease of concentration of a part of the amino acids appeared. During the period of parenteral nutrition nearly all of the amino acids showed a different increase in plasma, partly manifold over their normal range which resulted in a disturbance of the pattern of the amino acids. Particularly the influence of the infusion therapy on the sulfur-containing amino acids, the branched-chain amino acids and the glycine level in plasma is discussed. PMID- 810435 TI - Management of surgical nutritional complications in developing countries. AB - The problem of sufficient nitrogen and caloric supply for surgical patients with pronounced protein catabolism under the working conditions of a surgical department in a developing country is discussed. The authors report good success with Vivonex in the postoperative nutrition of patients with a small bowel perforation with typhoid fever and of patients with diffuse peritonitis following a perforated appendix. Vivonex proved its usefulness also in the alimentation of patients with tropical myositis and extensive burns. PMID- 810436 TI - [Nitrogen balance in routine surgical interventions with the use of Vivasorb]. AB - With Vivasorb, the surgical patient's full alimentation can be maintained up to a few hours before the operation. In the postoperative phase, the nitrogen balance of patients having undergone minor surgical intervention and in a state of moderate catabolism can be kept under control in a slightly negative range by the exclusive administration of Vivasorb. In patients with more severe catabolism, the oral supply of Vivasorb cannot fully replace parenteral nutrition, it can, however, support it. PMID- 810437 TI - Effects of allergy, intestinal helminthic infestation and sex on serum IgE concentrations and immediate skin hypersensitivity in three ethnic groups. AB - Serum IgE concentrations were measured in 232 blood donors resident in the Western Cape, South Africa. Subjects were interviewed for histories of allergy and skin tested with a variety of common allergens. Faecal specimens were collected for microscopic examination. Results confirmed that Cape Coloureds and Africans tend to have elevated serum IgE concentrations and showed that African males have a high prevalence of immediate skin hypersensitivity. Cape Coloureds and Africans had high prevalences of helminthic infestation and relatively low prevalence of allergic symptoms. Only in Whites were elevated serum IgE concentrations associated with positive allergic histories; in this group, results suggested that the sex difference in serum IgE concentrations observed previously is owing to differences in the IgE responses of allergic males and females. PMID- 810438 TI - Cell-mediated hypersensitivity in pigeon breeders. AB - This investigation was carried out to study possible differences in cell-mediated hypersensitivity between symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders. A variety of pigeon antigens were investigated using the indirect migration inhibition test. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity to pigeon antigens was detected in 6 of 8 symptomatic pigeon breeders, and in only 2 of 12 asymptomatic pigeon breeders. The results suggest that cellular mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of pigeon breeder's disease. PMID- 810440 TI - Comparative inhibitory effects of serum on lymphocyte responses to mitogenic stimulation. AB - The effects of sera from pregnant women, human umbilical cords and nonpregnant healthy control individuals on human lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and allogeneic lymphocytes (MLR) are described. Maternal sera invariably inhibited lymphocyte responses to PHA. In MLR and PWM stimulated lymphocyte responses, however, some maternal sera had pronounced inhibitory effect while other maternal sera had none. Similar dissociation of inhibitory effects of lymphocyte responses to PHA and to PWM or in MLR was noted in some cord sera but not in the control sera we studied. The observations may reflect different serum factors impinging upon different lymphocyte subpopulations responsive to different mitogens. Preliminary attempts to relate the serum inhibitory effects to various serum components revealed that inhibition of MLR appeared to correlate with increases in alpha-2-globulins and beta globulins. In contrast, inhibition of PHA responses was not similarly related to any one or two specific serum constituents. PMID- 810439 TI - Use of indirect microhemagglutination test with stable sensitized red cells in the detection of horse protein allergy. AB - Sheep red blood cells were stabilized with sulfosalicylic acid and sensitized with purified horse-IgG by the action of glutardialdehyde. The cells were used in an indirect microhemmagglutination test with serum samples from 12 rabbits immunized with horse-IgG and complete Freund's adjuvant as well as from 10 control animals. 32 human serum samples were examined, 6 of them from patients with established horse protein allergy. The results were compared to those of a standard method of indirect hemagglutination using fresh human erythrocytes (group O Rh-), an active hemagglutination test against horse erythrocytes, Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion and skin tests with horse-IgG. The method proved to be very sensitive. The results correlated well with those of the other immunological techniques. The stable sensitized cells did not lose sensitivity after 1 year of storage at 4 degrees C. PMID- 810441 TI - Research finds aromatic amines exposure cause of increased number of tumors. PMID- 810442 TI - Glycoproteins secreted by sublingual glands of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). AB - The portion of echnida sublingual glycoproteins which could be solubilized was fractionated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and by filtration on a column of Sephadex G-100. Analyses for carbohydrate and amino acid are given and are compared with those of the submaxillary mucins of cattle, dog, pig and sheep. The molar ratio of galactosamine to sialic acid was roughly 1:1 in the echidna fractions, the sialic acid was N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, and there was very little neutral sugar. Proline was relatively high in amount, and isoleucine, half cystine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were absent or present to a very small extent. The material was weakly antigenic in the rabbit. PMID- 810443 TI - [Repair of damage induced by x-rays to embryos of Drosophila (D. melanogaster Meig)]. AB - The sensitivity of Drosophila eggs to the lethal action of X-rays does not remain constant during embryogenesis. The X-ray doses used in the present investigation may retard the hatching of the larvae but do not block development immediately after irradiation. A fraction of the damage induced in young embryos is repaired during gastrulation. The amount of repair is independent of the X-ray dose but is influenced by the temperature. The damage can be repaired even after the cells of the embryo have undergone many mitotic cycles. PMID- 810444 TI - Radiation-induced inhibition of RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Radiation-induced disturbances in RNA synthesis were investigated in exponentially growing Tetrahymena. Sub-lethal doses of gamma-radiation lead to a transient, dose-dependent decrease in the rate of total RNA synthesis measured by 3H-uridine incorporation, without an alteration of 3H-uridine uptake by the cells. The rate of 3H-uridine incorporation decreases exponentially with dose. In contrast, the duration of inhibition of RNA synthesis is linearly dependent on dose. Target-theory calculations suggest that the sensitive molecule has a molecular weight of about 2 X 10(7) Daltons. PMID- 810445 TI - Substantia nigra and the sensorimotor system (chemonigrectomies induced by intrategmental administration of the paraquinone of 6-hydroxy-dopamine and 6,7 dihydroxitryptamine in the cat and monkey.) PMID- 810446 TI - Participant observation in dyadic and triadic situations. PMID- 810447 TI - A biochemical study of vitamin B12 deficiency in the baboon. AB - A dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 was produced in the baboon by use of an artificial diet. Deficiency was further aggravated by feeding propionate or ampicillin, as judged by serum, liver and brain vitamin B12 levels, and urinary excretion of methyl malonic acid. Reduced glutathione levels in the blood and liver increased during deficiency, while ascorbic acid levels were not affected, Brain and liver nucleic acids did not change significantly. Blood pyruvate and serum lipid factors were affected more in the group fed propionate. These results are compared with the work on vitamin B12 deficient rats and pernicious anaemia in humans. PMID- 810449 TI - The remapping of visual space. PMID- 810448 TI - [New development on the field of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 810450 TI - Optic nerve circulation and ocular pressure. AB - Rapid, short-lasting elevation of ocular pressure level produces simultaneous reduction in blood-flow rate in the distal 6 mm. of the extraocular portion of the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey as monitored by the heated thermocouple technique. The magnitude of this reduction was very small until intraocular pressure (IOP) exceeded 50 mm. Hg following which markedly and progressively greater reduction in blood-flow rate occurred at higher IOP levels; maximum reduction was reached at IOP of 105 mm. Hg. The magnitude of reduction in blood flow rate for each ocular pressure level was significantly greater when systemic arterial pressure was reduced. These effects were monitored 2 to 4 mm. behind the globe and became reduced at a more proximal location, disappearing at locations further than 6 mm. from the globe. The results suggested a reduction in nutrient blood flow to the optic nerve at the monitored site with elevation of IOP. PMID- 810451 TI - Ascorbic acid stimulates chloride transport in the amphibian cornea. AB - The cornea of the toad, Bufo marinus, actively transports chloride from the endothelial to the epithelial surface. This transport process has been related to the maintenance of the normal transparency of the cornea. Ion transport, as evidenced by the short-circuit current (SCC), is markedly stimulated by physiologic concentrations of ascorbic acid. Measurement of the unidirectional fluxes of 36Cl and 22Na shows that the increase in SCC is due primarily to a stimulation of the active transport of chloride. PMID- 810452 TI - Total iridectomy in the primate in vivo: surgical technique and postoperative anatomy. AB - A simple, brief surgical procedure for in vivo removal of the entire primate iris is described. A small peripheral corneal incision is made, and the prolapsed iris is torn from its insertion by forceps, without intraocular instrumentation. The eye recovers quickly and, except for the aniridia, the clinical and histologic appearance of the anterior segment is essentially normal. Experimental uses for the aniridic monkey eye are noted. PMID- 810453 TI - CI-744 anesthesia for ophthalmological examination and surgery in monkeys. AB - CI-744 is a new agent for chemical restraint and surgical anesthesia in animals, consisting of equal parts by weight of the cataleptoid agent tiletamine-HCl and the tranquilizer zolazepam-HCl. We have used it in the intramuscular dose of five to ten milligrams per kilogram to anesthetize 110 cynomolgus and 10 vervet monkeys a total of 1,500 times for various ophthalmological procedures. At these dosages its characteristics of action were rapid onset, thirty of fifty minutes of surgical depth anesthesia during which there was excellent muscular relaxation and an absence of ocular movements, a very gradual emergence, and no adverse after effects. In these monkey species, we judge CI-744 superior to phencyclidine or methohexital as a short-acting general anesthetic for most ophthalmological procedures. PMID- 810454 TI - The ocular tilt reaction--a brainstem oculomotor routine. AB - Electrical stimulation of brainstem tegmentum in alert macaques elicits a stereotyped ocular movement routine characterized by vertical divergence and conjugate cycloversion. The movement pattern is similar to those seen in the clinical syndromes of see-saw nystagmus and skew deviation. The stimulated movement pattern is not dependent on initial eye position and cannot be produced when the animal is under barbiturate anesthesia. It is not overridden by saccadic inhibition stimulation and is present in cerebellectomized and labyrinthectomized monkeys. PMID- 810455 TI - Induction of subcapsular cataracts in aniridic vervet monkeys by echothiophate. AB - Four surgically aniridic vervet monkeys with clear lenses received topical echothiophate iodide unilaterally daily for eight weeks. The opposite eyes received a control solution without echothiophate. All the echothiophate-treated eyes developed subcapsular lens opacities sttongly resembling those attributed to echothiophate in humans. The lenses in the control eyes remained clear. PMID- 810456 TI - Microperoxisomes in retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Microperoxisomes were found to be abundant in the retinal pigment epithelium of the human, rhesus monkey, mice, rats, domestic fowl, and frog by ultrastructural histochemistry. They were rare in other cells of the retina and choroid. These organelles had a granular matrix, ranged in diameter from 0.15 mum to 0.30 mum, and were bound by a single tripartite membrane which often maintained slender connections with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and other microperoxisomes. They exhibited a positive reaction (electron opaque product) following incubation in diaminobenzidine and H2O2 for the demonstration of the peroxidatic activity of catalase (Novikoff et al., J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20: 1006, 1972). The reaction was inhibited by: (1) aminotriazole; (2) dichlorophenol-indophenol; (3) preheating at 95 degrees C.; or (4) elimination of H2O2. Microperoxisomes, like the well-known peroxisomes (microbodies) of liver cells have been inplicated in various aspects of lipid metabolism and the detoxification of H2O2. We demonstrated for the first time that microperoxisomes respond to drug-induced changes in lipid metabolism, as previously shown for peroxisomes. Nafenopin is a recently utilized drug which greatly decreases serum lipids, increases hepatic catalase activity, and induces an increased size and number of hepatic peroxisomes. Black, beige, albino, and obese mutant mice of the C57BL/6J strain treated with nafenopin for several weeks showed a two- to threefold increase in the number of microperoxisomes in the retinal pigment epithelium. Microperoxisomes of the retinal pigment epithelium may be involved in the transport, storage, and rapid turnover of lipids associated with the maintenance of photoreceptor outer segment disc membranes. PMID- 810457 TI - Angiographic patterns of splenic lesions following blunt trauma. An experimental study in monkeys. AB - Splenic angiography was performed before and after graded blunt trauma to the spleen in 15 monkeys. In 9 of these, followup angiography could be performed in week or more later. Pronounced spasm of the splenic artery and leakage of contrast medium into the peritoneal cavity were found to imply a serious prognosis. Local reversible spasm of arterial branches can cause transient defects in parenchymal filling. Larger defects corresponding to hematoma, extravasation of contrast medium, and displacement of vessels may be compatible with good primary prognosis. If, however, these signs indicate that the lesion is of sufficient magnitude and has a peripheral location there is a risk that extensive bleeding will occur. So-called delayed ruptures never occurred in this study. PMID- 810458 TI - Subclavian artery occlusion following radiation therapy. A case history. AB - Occlusion of the left subclavian artery was demonstrated following exposure to two courses of radiation, the patient having received 4,200 rads in 4 weeks 9 years previously, and 4,000 rads in 8 weeks almost 5 years previously. Despite other intercurrent medical conditions, this seems to be a cause-and-effect relationship, since the only segment of abnormal artery was confined to the limited volume receiving the double exposure, whereas other arteries nearby did not demonstrate abnormality. PMID- 810459 TI - Experimental pyelonephritis in the monkey. III. Pathophysiology of ureteral malfunction induced by bacteria. AB - Coliforms given intravenously usually fail to produce pyelonephritis unless urinary obstruction or other anatomic abnormalities are present. Previously, we had observed progressive pyelonephritis after hematogenous infection only in monkeys which seemed to have an abnormality of ureteral function. To further test this observation, unilateral ureteral instillation of Escherichia coli 04.06, and 0111 was carried out under base line pressure conditions. Animals infected with E. coli 04 showed unilateral absence of ureteral peristalsis, delay in excretion of radionuclide on scintiphoto studies, and ureteritis histologically. This study confirms that certain strains of E. coli cause ureteral dysfunction. So called nonobstruction pyelonephritis may really be obstructive. PMID- 810460 TI - Organization of chromosome fibrils in Euglena gracilis. PMID- 810461 TI - Relationship between effects of X-rays on nondisjunction and crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810462 TI - Effects of a 2,4,5-T ester on early oogenesis, fertility and development in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810463 TI - Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Aspects of the inheritance of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Adhs/s flies. AB - Two inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster extracted from a laboratory cage population and homozygous for the AdhS allele of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) showed almost a twofold difference in specific activity. Analysis of generations derived from these lines showed that the genetic variation in ADH activity was controlled by additive gene action. There was no evidence of directional dominance or of non-allelic interactions. Although the Adh structural gene is on the second chromosome there was a significant effect of the X chromosome, indicating the action of modifying genes. PMID- 810464 TI - Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. III. Dominance relationships for alcohol dehydrogenase activity. AB - Four inbred lines, two homozygous AdhS/S and two homozygous AdhF/F, were extracted from a laboratory cage population of Drosophila melanogaster and crossed in all combinations. Directional dominance for low ADH activity was present and confined to AdhF/S heterozygotes. The remaining genetical differences between the four lines for ADH activity were due to additive genetical variation. The frequency of the AdhS allele in the population was 0-89. The observed directional dominance for low ADH activity in AdhF/S heterozygotes corresponded to the general direction of selection for ADH activity within the population. PMID- 810465 TI - Veterinarians and wild animals. PMID- 810466 TI - Identification, effects, and control of food contamination. PMID- 810467 TI - The amino acid sequence of cerexin A (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. VII. AB - N-Bromosuccinimide cleavage reaction on cerexin A liberated allo-isoleucine. Treatment with conc. hydrochloric acid cleaved the antibiotic into two peptide fragments selectively at gamma-hydroxylysine residue. Deacylation with an enzyme preparation from Pseudomonas sp. afforded deacyl cerexin A. The amino acid sequences of these peptide fragments were examined by Edman degradation. From all the results, the entire amino acid sequence of cerexin A was deduced. PMID- 810468 TI - Chemical-ionization mass spectrometry of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Chemical-ionization (CI) mass spectra are described for methyl esters of eight clinically significant penicillins and their breakdown products. The substances give spectra with very few fragment ions and contain easily discernible protonated molecule ions. The main cleavage reaction is postulated to involve a retro 2+2 Diels-Alder-type fragmentation of the beta-lactam ring liberating one fragment (m/e=174) that is characteristic of the penicillin nucleus and a second fragment that is molecule specific, as it contains the elements of the side chain. The other fragment ions, though interesting, are of minor intensity. The free acids, on the other hand, fragment more extensively because of their relative instability and lack of volatility. These spectra resemble electron impact spectra more closely and, though they encode more structural information, are less reproducible from run to run. The ease with which the esters can be made and the relative simplicity of their CI mass spectra make this method significant for the identification and characterization of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 810470 TI - A novel intramolecular displacement reaction of 5-O-desosaminylerythronolide A oxime. PMID- 810469 TI - Gentamicin accumulation by sensitive strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Gentamicin accumulation with time shows multiphasic kinetics in strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All but first phase accumulation may be prevented or reduced by inhibitors of electron transport, by a sulfhydryl poison, by agents which uncouple electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and by an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The phases of accumulation which are sensitive to these inhibitors are required for loss of cell viability. Gentamicin can be extracted from cells in an unchanged form as judged by paper chromatography and is concentrated 4 to 250 times over extracellular concentrations within the bacterial cell. Gentamicin accumulation has been shown to occur before there is any evidence or release of acid-soluble 3H-adenine from cells. These data demonstrate that productive gentamicin accumulation capable of causing cell death is by active transport. PMID- 810472 TI - Hexachlorophane: toxicity and effectiveness in prevention of sepsis in neonatal units. PMID- 810473 TI - The antibacterial and pharmacological activity of oxolinic acid (Prodoxol). PMID- 810471 TI - A brief review of classroom group-oriented contingencies. PMID- 810474 TI - Simultaneous counting of 85Kr in lung and myocardium during measurement of coronary blood flow. AB - Coronary blood flow rate (ml-min-1-100 g-1) was estimated by a) measuring pump flow into the cannulated circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and dividing by the weight of perfused myocardium and b) measuring the clearance of 85Kr following intra-arterial injection (detection with a 2-in. crystal with cylindrical collimation). Although the correlation between the two measurements was relatively high (r equals 0.90), the line best fitting the data was 85Kr flow equals 0.55 pump flow + 25.6. We tested the possibility that the discrepancy between the two methods was primarily due to the counting of 85Kr removed from myocardium and delivered to lung. Relative efficiency of lung counting versus myocardial counting was determined as well as clearance pattern of 85Kr from lung in each dog. A simple mathematical model which assumes no recirculation of 85Kr to heart allowed correction of coronary clearance curves using this information. When corrected 85Kr flow equals 1.00 pump flow + 4.1 (r equals 0.90). Thus, the major systematic cause for the discrepancy between the two measurements under the conditions of this experiment appears to be simultaneous counting of 85Kr in lung and in myocardium. PMID- 810475 TI - Association of the replication terminus of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome to the cell membrane. AB - A chromosomal segment containing several genetic markers, from metB to thyA, near the replication terminus is associated with the membranous structure of Bacillus subtilis, but markers adjacent to this region, lys, ura, and metC, are not. PMID- 810476 TI - Inhibition of glutamate transport in Synechococcus cedrorum by glutamine. AB - The absence of glutamate transport in glutamine-grown cells of Synechococcus cedrorum R7 was due to feedback inhibition and not repression of transport activity. PMID- 810477 TI - Whole-cell and membrane lipids of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium. AB - The lipid composition of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium was examined. Whole-cell lipid distribution was 39.1% neutral lipids, 34.5% polar lipids, and 26.4% poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Membrane lipids were 83% phospholipids, with phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol accounting for over 94% of the total. All the phospholipids had similar fatty acid compositions, with 18:1 accounting for about 87% of the total and most of the rest consisting of 16:1. Similarities between the lipid composition of this bacterium and other bacteria are discussed. PMID- 810478 TI - Phospholipids and fatty acids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The phospholipids and fatty acids of two strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of different penicillin susceptibilities were examined. The phospholipids, which comprise about 8% of the dry weight of the cells, consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (70%) and phosphatidylglycerol (20%); small amounts of phosphatidylcholine and traces of cardiolipin were also present. Growing and stationary-phase cells were similar in content and composition of phospholipids except for phosphatidylcholine, which increased two- to fivefold in the stationary-phase cells. The fatty acids of the phospholipids were characterized by two major acids, palmitic and a C16:1, with myristic and a C18:1 acid present in smaller amounts. The fatty acids present in purified phospholipid fractions varied considerably in relative proportions from fraction to fraction. No significant difference in the composition of phospholipids from the two strains was evident. Large amounts of beta-hydroxy lauric acid were detected only after saponification of the organisms. Differences in the lipid composition between the gonococcus and other gram-negative bacteria are discussed. PMID- 810480 TI - Loss of low-level antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to env mutations. AB - Mutations (env) which resulted in increased sensitivity of gonococci to diverse compounds were studied by transformation. Strains carrying an env mutation were more sensitive than wild-type strains to several antibiotics, dyes, and detergents. The env mutations resulted in complete phenotypic suppression of low level resistance to these same drugs determined by mutation at ery. Recombination was observed in transformation crosses between various env mutants. The env locus was not linked to the cluster of antibiotic resistance genes near str and spc. PMID- 810479 TI - Inheritance of low-level resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The genetics of low-level resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics in a clinical isolate and a multistep laboratory mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoea was studied by transformation. Mutations at three loci affected sensitivity to penicillin. Mutation at penA resulted in an eightfold increase in resistance to penicillin without affecting response to other antimicrobial agents. Mutation at ery resulted in a two- to fourfold increase in resistance to penicillin and similar increases in resistance to many other antibiotics, dyes, and detergents. Mutation at penB resulted in a fourfold increase in resistance to penicillin and tetracycline, the phenotypic expression of which was dependent on the presence of mutation at ery. The cumulative effect of mutations at penA, ery, and penB was an approximate 128-fold increase in penicillin resistance, to a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0 mug/ml. Low-level resistance to tetracycline or chloramphenicol was due to similar additive effects between mutations at the nonspecific ery and penB loci and a locus specific for resistance to each drug (tet and chl, respectively). No evidence was found for penicillinases or other drug-inactivating enzymes. PMID- 810481 TI - Altered crystal violet permeability and lytic behavior in antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Wild-type, antibiotic-resistant and hypersensitive isogenic strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were studied for uptake of crystal violet, rates of autolysis, and response to lysozyme. Total uptake of crystal violet was similar in all strains at 0 C but varied significantly at 37 C. Mutation at the nonspecific resistance locus ery resulted in relative impermeability to crystal violet at 37 C, as compared to wild type. The penetration barrier to crystal violet at 37 C was overcome by addition of 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Mutation at ery also resulted in reduced rates of autolysis and reduced sensitivity to high concentrations of lysozyme under conditions of divalent cation (Mg2+) depletion. In contrast, mutation at the nonspecific drug hypersensitivity locus env resulted in increased uptake of crystal violet at 37 C, due to increased binding of dye to crude envelope as well as increased penetration into cytoplasm. The env mutants were also more rapidly autolytic and more sensitive to lysozyme than wild type in the absence of Mg2+. These results suggest that the cell envelopes of ery mutants are more stable and less permeable and those of env mutants are less stable and more permeable than wild-type strains. PMID- 810482 TI - Transmissible toxin (hemolysin) plasmid in Streptococcus faecalis and its mobilization of a noninfectious drug resistance plasmid. AB - Streptococcus faecalis strain DS-5 has been shown previously to contain three plasmids, pAMalpha1, pAMbeta1, and pAMgamma1. Mixed incubation of DS-5 with strain JH2-2, a plasmid-free S. faecalis recipient, results in the transfer of pAMalpha1 (which determines resistance to tetracycline) and/or pAMgamma1. Analyses of recipients carrying various combinations of these plasmids have revealed the pAMgamma1 codes for toxin (hemolysin) production and two bacteriocin activities. JH2-2 strains carrying both pAMalpha1 and pAMgamma1, or pAMgamma1 only, can donate their plasmids to other recipients, whereas strains carrying only pAMalpha1 cannot serve as donors. This indicates that pAMgamma1 actually mobilizes the otherwise nontransferable pAMalpha1. PMID- 810483 TI - Leucine biosynthesis in the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. AB - Leucine-requiring auxotrophs of the unicellular blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans have been isolated. Extracts of these mutants were deficient in alpha isopropylmalate synthetase (EC 4.1.3.12). In wild-type cells, this enzyme was subject to feedback inhibition by leucine. However, formation of the enzymes of leucine biosynthesis was little affected by exogenous leucine in either wild-type or mutant strains. Cultures of the latter subjected to extreme leucine deprivation showed no change in specific activity of beta-isopropylmalate isomerase (EC 4.2.1.33) and at most a 50% increase in the specific activity of beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.85). These results are compared with others bearing on the evolution of the control of amino acid biosynthesis in blue green bacteria. PMID- 810485 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-binding proteins in vegetative Bacillus subtilis: alterations caused by stage O sporulation mutations. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding proteins have been compared between wild-type Bacillus subtilis and five sporulation mutants blocked at different stage O loci. Extracts from exponentially growing cells have been fractionated for proteins binding to single-stranded calf thymus DNA-cellulose and double-stranded B. subtilis DNA-cellulose. In nutrient broth, stage O mutations cause an accumulation of proteins with affinity for double-stranded DNA. Suppression of the mutation with extragenic suppressors relieves the accumulation. In minimal glucose medium, the stage O mutations also cause accumulation of proteins with affinity for double-stranded DNA, but the species accumulated are different from those of nutrient broth-grown cells. In neither case did stage O mutations affect proteins with affinity for single-stranded DNA. The results suggest that the products of stage O loci are functional and operative during vegetative growth. PMID- 810484 TI - Genetic analysis of drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: production of increased resistance by the combination of two antibiotic resistance loci. AB - The studies reported here demonstrate that increased resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol results from the combined effect of two resistance loci. As shown by experiments with deoxyribonucleic acid from transformants carrying only a single resistance locus, transformants with an incresed level of resistance to penicillin result from the combination of a penicillin-specific locus, pen, and a multiple resistance locus, mtr. Similarly, transformants with an increased level of resistance to tetracycline result from the combination of mtr and a tetracycline-specific locus, tet. Transformants with an increased level of resistance to chloramphenicol result from the combination of mtr and a chloramphenicol-specific locus, cml. Deoxyribonucleic acid dilution experiments established that only a single dose of each of the two required resistance loci is necessary to give higher-level resistance. Higher-level-resistant transformants were not obtained when a double dose of one resistance locus or a combination of loci pairs other than mtr and pen, mtr and tet, or mtr and cml was introduced into a recipient. Combinations of the mtr and tet genes resulted in increased resistance to semisynthetic tetracyclines. The presence of the mtr and pen genes resulted in increased resistance to penicillinase-stable penicillins. PMID- 810486 TI - Bound ATP in chloroplast membranes: formation and effect of different inhibitors on the labelling. AB - Chloroplast membranes contain firmly bound nucleotides. Their synthesis seems not to be dependent on energy. The amount of labelled firmly bound ATP extracted from membranes after incubation in the light of the presence of 32Pi is only slightly affected by uncouplers such as desapidin and CCCP or energy transfer inhibitors as phlorizin at concentrations where steady state phosphorylation is completely abolished. With Dio-9 or NEM, however, the labelling of firmly bound ATP is lowered to a similar extent as the steady state phosphorylation. These effects can be explained assuming a direct modification of the coupling factor. The results of a two stage incubation experiment using a rapid filtration technique support our earlier hypothesis that the gammaP in the liberated ATP does not origin from the previously built phosphorylated intermediate. PMID- 810488 TI - Antibody directed against Bacillus subtilis rho factor purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis. Effect on transcription by RNA polymerase in crude extracts of vegetative and sporulating cells. AB - Antibody directed against rho factor from vegetative Bacillus subtilis was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with denaturated rho polypeptide isolated by electrophoresis of partially purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel. Antiserum to rho reacted specifically with native rho polypeptide but not with core RNA polymerase as judged by complement fixation and by an immunodiffusion assay. Anti-rho antibody also inhibited the ability of rho to stimulate transcription of phage phie DNA but failed to inhibit transcription of poly(dA-dT) by core enzyme. Specific antibody was also raised against a mixture of the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effect of the anti-rho gamma-globulin on the transcription of phage phie DNA by RNA polymerase in crude extracts of vegetative and sporulating cells was examined. Anti-rho antibody markedly inhibited the transcription of phage DNA by RNA polymerase partially purified from vegetative bacteria by ammonium sulfate fractionation but had little effect on transcription of the phage DNA template by enzyme from sporulating cells. Addition of purified rho to a vegetative extract that had been depleted of rho by treatment with the anti-rho antibody restored active transcription of phage DNA. However, addition of purified rho to an antibody-treated extract of sporulating cells had little effect on phie RNA synthesis. These findings suggest that sporulating cells contain a component that interferes with the activity of the rho subunit of RNA polymerase. PMID- 810487 TI - Bacillus subtilis deoxyuridinetriphosphatase and its bacteriophage PBS2-induced inhibitor. AB - Extracts of Bacillus subtilis contain a deoxyuridinetriphosphatase (dUTPase) activity with a molecular weight of approximately 48,000. The enzyme is maximally active at pH 8.5, being stimulated by Mg2+ and inhibited by EDTA. The enzyme is specific for dUTP among all the natural nucleotides tested, with an apparent Km for dUTP of 2 muM. Bacteriophage PBS2, whose DNA contains uracil instead of thymine, induces upon infection of B. subtilis a new 83,000-dalton protein which inhibits the host's dUTPase. The inhibitor acts immediately and reversibly in vitro to inhibit dUMP production from dUTP. The inhibitor's action is maximal in dUTPase assays performed at pH 6 to 7, and is minimal at pH 9.7. The inhibitor seems to form a higher molecular weight complex with the B. subtilis dUTPase. Increasing the pH of the medium for PBS2 infection from pH 7 to pH 8.85 caused a dramatic decrease in the synthesis of phage DNA and progeny phage. The newly synthesized DNA had an altered thymine/uracil ratio, being increased from less than 0.03 to greater than 1.0. We propose that infection at high pH prevents the PBS2-induced dUTPase inhibitor from blocking the B. subtilis dUTPase activity, thereby allowing the degradation of dUTP and the synthesis of dTTP (both of which are DNA polymerase substrates), so that thymine replaces some of the uracil normally found in PBS2 DNA. PMID- 810489 TI - Preliminary attempts to detect interactions between coliphages and two attenuated vaccine viruses. PMID- 810490 TI - Selective breeding to establish a standard mouse for pertussis vaccine bioassay. II. Bioresponses of mice susceptible and resistant to sensitization by pertussis vaccine HSF. PMID- 810491 TI - A new arthrograph for more accurate measurement of joint motion and stiffness. PMID- 810492 TI - Dopamine infusion acutely inhibits the TSH and prolactin response to TRH. AB - Ten normal males were given 100 mug TRH, and blood samples obtained for serum TSH and serum prolactin. After a period of at least one week, the TRH test was repeated while the patients were receiving a dopamine infusion. Both the TSH and prolactin response to TRH were inhibited by dopamine. Dopaminergic neurons may act through the pituitary-portal system to play a role in the regulation of TSH and prolactin secretion. PMID- 810493 TI - Use of immunoglobulin coupled to agarose beads for examining the specificity of conjugates. AB - Preparations of purified immunoglobulins, light chains, and unrelated proteins (used as controls) were covalently linked to agarose beads and used to study the specificity of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. The data demonstrate how these beads can be used to detect immunological and non-immunological reactivity in conjugates. Commercial conjugates, conjugates prepared in this laboratory, and fluorescein-labeled normal immunoglobulins demonstrated high reactivity with control beads unless chromatographed on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose to select for the proper fluorescein-protein ratio. Undesirable immunological reactivity could be demonstrated in commercial conjugates and was shown to be due to anti-light chain antibody. PMID- 810494 TI - Comparison of three rocky mountain spotted fever vaccines. AB - Growth of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) rickettsiae in duck embryo cell (DEC) cultures and chicken embryo cell (CEC) cultures was evaluated. Experimental lots of duck embryo cell- and chicken embryo cell-grown Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccines and a commercial lot of yolk sac-grown vaccine were compared for protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys. Incidence and magnitude of antibody response, febrile response, and rickettsemia, as well as incidence of fatalities, suggested that both cell culture-derived vaccines were more immunogenic than the yolk sac-grown vaccine. PMID- 810495 TI - Phage typing scheme for group D streptococci isolated from human urogenital tract. AB - Streptococci of Lancefield group D were isolated from 52.2% of pharyngeal, 55.5% of urethral, 56.6% of endocervical, and 75.4% of ano-rectal specimens. Seventeen phages isolated from sewage and urogenital specimens were selected for phage typing. Four of these lysed only the strains of Streptococcus faecalis and its variety liquefaciens. Another six phages lysed only the strains of Streptococcus faecium and its variety durans. With the help of seven bacteriophages, 346 of 384 (90.1%) strains of S. faecalis and its variety liquefaciens could be classified into 27 types. Similarly, with the help of 10 other bacteriophages, 97 of 117 (82.9%) strains of S. faecium and its variety durans could be grouped into 22 types. In 72 of 87 (82.7%) cases, similar phage types were obtained at different culture sites of the same individual. PMID- 810496 TI - A rapid method for identifying bacterial enzymes. PMID- 810497 TI - Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia. AB - The meninges of various mammals were prepared for examination with the electronmicroscope by thin sectioning or freeze-fracturing. Particular attention was given to the distribution of tight junctions in order to determine the basis for the meningeal barrier between the blood circulating in dural vessels and the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. While some dural blood vessels are fenestrated, those in the subarachnoid space are not and their component endothelial cells are joined by an extensive system of tight junctions. An extensive and continuous system of tight junctions was also found in a layer of specialized cells at the border of the arachnoid with the dura. This arachnoid barrier layer is apparently the only basis of the meningeal barrier because often cellular layers in the dura and arachnoid lack tight junctions although they are linked by gap junctions and desmosomes. In particular, tight junctions are lacking at the border of the "subdural space" which is actually a fascial plane within the dura. Tight junctions are also lacking between astrocytes at the surface of the brain but these cells are linked by gap junctions and a new type of intercellular junction. The distribution of these junctions, as well as assemblies of intramembranous particles at the astrocytic border, raises the question whether this layer might have a role in the exchange of certain substances between the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 810498 TI - Cellular architecture and topographic organization of the inferior colliculus of the squirrel monkey. AB - The inferior colliculus of the squirrel monkey is made up of a large central nucleus, bordered by the smaller external and pericentral nuclei. The majority of cells in the central nucleus exhibit a pronounced laminar arrangement due to the orientation of their dendrites. In medial sections of the nucleus these laminae lie in a dorsorostral to ventrocaudal direction. More laterally the layers assume a horizontal orientation and at the far lateral edge of the central nucleus come to lie in a ventrorostral to dorsocaudal orientation. A single tonotopic representation of audible frequencies is present in the central nucleus. A regular progression of best frequencies from low to high is encountered as a microelectrode advances from dorsocaudal to ventrorostral in the sagittal plane. Penetrations in more medial regions of the central nucleus encounter neurons whose best frequencies represent a higher range of frequencies than those in the lateral parts. The orientation of the isofrequency laminae determined physiologically appears congruent with the orientation of the dendritic laminae. The relative volume of the central nucleus devoted to each octave from 250 Hz to 32 kHz was determined. Frequencies up to eight kHz command successively larger amounts of collicular tissue. The octave band from 8 to 16 kHz is represented by the greatest amount of collicular tissue. Disproportionate representation of frequency may be the consequence of innervation density along the basilar membrane. PMID- 810499 TI - Histochemical characterization of a neocortical projection of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the squirrel monkey. AB - Histochemical evidence is presented for a catecholamine-containing projection from the nucleus locus coeruleus to the neocortex in the squirrel monkey. The innervation of superior temporal gyrus has been examined in particular. Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence shows an extensive arborization of fine, catecholamine containing fibers with prominent varicosities in all layers of the neocortex. The nucleus locus coeruleus is identified as a source of these fibers by both ortho- and retrograde axonal tracing techniques. After injection of horseradish peroxidase into the neocortex, labelled cell bodies are localized throughout the major portions of the locus coeruleus. Conversely, after microinjection into the nucleus locus coeruleus, tritiated proline is transported into the neocortex where it appears within fibers similar in distribution to those revealed by fluorescence histochemistry. Both transport techniques indicate that cortical projections of the locus coerculeus originate from both ipsilateral and contralateral nuclei. PMID- 810500 TI - Monkey retinal ganglion cells: morphometric analysis and tracing of axonal projections, with a consideration of the peroxidase technique. AB - This paper presents evidence on the retinal distribution and central projections of retinal ganglion cells of various cell body sizes in the adult macaque monkey. The ganglion cell sizes have been determined by computer assisted measurement of camera lucida drawings at various eccentricities of both flat mounted and sectioned retinae. The pattern of projections of individual ganglion cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus has been studied using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Following peroxidase injections into the parvocellular laminae of the geniculate, virtually every ganglion cell was labeled within a circumscribed zone of the retina known to project to the region of the geniculate immediately surrounding the injection needle tip. After magnocellular injections, only the largest cells of the peripheral retina and approximately 26% of the ganglion cells of the parafovea were labeled. Peroxidase injections into the superior colliculus produced labeling of scattered ganglion cells of all sizes in the retina, although no labeled cells were found within the centralmost 10 degrees eccentricity. From these observations it is concluded that all ganglion cells of the macaque retina project to the parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate, but that only the largest ganglion cells of the more peripheral retina and not all cells of the parafovea project to the magnocellular laminae. In contrast, only scattered ganglion cells, although these are of all sizes, appear to project to the superior colliculus. Two major problems with the peroxidase tracing technique are described: 1. The extent of stainable peroxidase activity around the injection site appears to be larger than the area of injected tracer actually available for uptake by axons to produce labeled cells. 2. Cut or damaged axons appear to incorporate peroxidase sufficiently to produce labeling of the cell body. PMID- 810502 TI - Serological studies on pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium or Taenia hydatigena. PMID- 810501 TI - The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17, of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase has been used to identify efferent cells in area 17 of the macaque. Cells projecting to the lateral geniculate nucleus are small to medium sized pyramidal neurons with somata in lamina 6 and the adjacent white matter. The projection to the parvocellular division arises preferentially from the upper half of lamina 6, while that to the magnocellular division arises preferentially from the lower part of the lamina. The projection to both superior colliculus and inferior pulvinar arises from all sizes of pyramidal neurons lying in lamina 58 (Lund and Boothe, '75); at least pyramidal neurons of lamina 5B send collateral axon branches to both destinations. Injections with extensive spread of horseradish peroxidase show that many cells of lamina 4B and the large pyramidal neurons of upper lamina 6 also project extrinsically but their terminal sites have not been identified. Other studies have indicated that cells of laminae 2 and 3 project to areas 18 and 19. Therefore every lamina of the visual cortex, with the exception of those receiving a direct thalamic input, contains cells projecting extrinsically. Further, each lamina projects to a different destination and from Golgi studies can be shown to contain cells with specific patterns of dendritic branching which relate to the distribution of thalamic afferents and to the patterns of intracortical connections. These findings emphasise the significance of the horizontal organisation of the cortex with relation to the flow of information through it and contrast with the current concept of columnar organisation shown in physiological studies. PMID- 810503 TI - Purification and properties of galactosyltransferase from human colostrum. AB - The galactosyltransferase (Uridine diphosphate-D-galactose: D-glucose 1 galactosyltransferase EC 2.4.1.22) was purified from human colostrum by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, cellulose phosphate, sephadex G-100, and hydroxylapatite after removal of caseins by centrifugation. The final preparation showed two forms of protein on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, and both of them exhibited galactosyltransferase activity. The molecular weights of the two forms of the protein were estimated as 44,000 to 45,000 and 55,000 to 57,000 by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. General properties of galactosyltransferase were investigated. PMID- 810504 TI - Biochemical and morphological studies of rat submandibular gland: II. Partial purification of proteins from granule-rich fraction. AB - Soluble proteins derived from a centrifuged and filtered granule-rich fraction of homogenized rat submandibular gland were analyzed by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both the granule-rich fraction and final supernatant fraction contained alkaline esterase activity. The major protein component, derived from granules of the convoluted tubules, was further resolved into a series of peptides ranging in molecular weight from 9,000 to 55,000 daltons. PMID- 810505 TI - Co-destructive factors of marginal periodontitis and repetitive mechanical injury. AB - When repetitive mechanical injury was produced in combination with marginal periodontitis a significant loss of connective tissue attachment did not occur as compared with specimens in which periodontitis alone was produced. It seems unlikely, therefore, that there is a "co-destructive" factor effect on the loss of connective tissue attachment. The amount of alveolar bone lost as a result of marginal periodontitis was increased by the addition of repeated mesiodistal jiggling of the teeth. This could represent an irreversible "co-destructive" effect or could merely be a functional adaptation of the periodontium. PMID- 810506 TI - Regulation of voice amplitude by the monkey. PMID- 810507 TI - An ontogenic study of histamine and mast cells in the fetal rhesus monkey. AB - This study was designed to determine the presence of cell-bound histamine and mast cells, if any, in the lung and skin of nonhuman primate fetuses and neonates. The results indicate that cell-bound histamine can be detected in both tissues of the rhesus monkey fetus by 60 days of gestation, the earliest age examined, at levels that are 2% to 3% of levels present in yearling animals. Levels increase markedly during the least 1 1/2 mo of gestation; however, at birth, levels are only 12% to 46% of those observed in the yearling and are lower than levels observed at 150 days of gestation. Most cell numbers in lung and skin of the fetus closely parallel histamine content. PMID- 810508 TI - Depression of cell-mediated immunity in atopic eczema. AB - Prompted by recent observations that the thymus exerts an important regulatory influence over IgE antibody production in lower species, we conducted studies of immune function in 21 patients with atopic eczema to seek evidence for a similar relation in man. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity to Candida albicans and streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) revealed a striking degree of anergy that correlated with the severity of the eczema. A correlation was also noted between the extent of the dermatitis and the magnitude of the serum IgE concentration. Other immunologic abnormalities did not appear related to the severity of eczema put pertained to the group as a whole. These included significantly (p = less than 0.0001) lower mean percentages of spontaneous sheep erythrocyte (E) or T cell rosettes and of rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocyte (En) rosettes, and significantly lower in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness of the mitogens concanavalin A (p = 0.0013) and poleweek mitogen (p = 0.0002) and to Candida antigen (p = 0.0017) than in normal subjects. Responses to phytohemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid were also depressed but differences were not statistically significant. An increased percentage (p = 0.0324) of peripheral blood B lymphocytes bearing the complement receptor was noted, but, except for a slight increase in lymphocytes bearing IgD, percentages of lymphocytes bearing other immunoglobulins (including IgE) were not elevated. PMID- 810510 TI - A note on the distribution of the recombination fraction in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810509 TI - Evaluation of a low-lactose nutritional supplement in malnourished children. AB - A low-lactose food supplement was evaluated. Severely malnourished patients initially managed on the diet had uneventful courses of recovery, although serum cholesterol remained elevated after serum triglycerides had returned to normal. Nitrogen retention in convalescent malnourished children was slightly inferior to the casein-based control diet. Postprandial determinations of plasma amino acids suggested that the sulfur-containing amino acids were first-limiting in the product. The sattsfactory performance under these stringent test conditions, however, suggested that the product would serve well its intended purpose as a dietary supplement. PMID- 810511 TI - Disinfectant effect of performic acid. AB - 1. Performic acid applied at short exposures to various kinds of microorganisms known for their resistance shows a strong bactericidal and sporicidal effect. 2. In addition to disinfection of hands and other parts of the body, the preparation could be used for the disinfection of various surfaces and objects. PMID- 810512 TI - Goat antibody directed against a human Leb blood group hapten, lacto-N difucohexaose I. AB - A goat immunized with lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1 3Galbeta1-4Glc) conjugated to polylysine (see article) produces antibody directed against the oligosaccharide. The antibody specifically precipitates Leb blood group substance and specifically binds lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Ka approximately equal to 4 X 10(6)M-1). Antibody purified by affinity chromatography is a 6.8S immunoglobulin of 158,000 +/- 6,000 molecular weight. PMID- 810513 TI - Studies on T cell clonal expansion. I. Suppression of killer T cell production in vivo. AB - Adult C57BL/6 mice immunized i.p. with an allogeneic mastocytoma cell line (P815 of the DBA/2 strain) develop cytolytically active T cells. Activity peaks at 10 to 11 days and falls rapidly thereafter. We have observed an anomalous in vitro behavior of effector cell populations harvested during this decline. The lytic activity of spleen cells harvested 12 to 18 days after alloantigen was markedly augmented after culture for 24 hr at 37 degrees C. The augmented lytic activity was caused by T cells and specificity exhibited was identical to the pre-culture population. No augmentation of lytic activity occurred when cells were cultured at 4 degrees C or when they were treated with a protein synthetic inhibitor (pactamycin) at concentrations which did not compromise cytotoxic expression by the starting population. Augmentation of cytolysis was independent of DNA synthesis and did not require the presence of added antigen. When immune lymphoid cell populations were depleted of effector cells by adsorption onto allogeneic monolayers and then cultured, new killer cells differentiated within a 24-hr period. This process was not augmented by the addition of antigen to the nonadherent cell population. We interpret these demonstrations to show: i) that there is a pre-killer T cell whose differentiation into an effector cell requires de novo protein synthesis but not cell proliferation, and ii) that the in vivo fall in lytic activity during the primary immune response is at least partially caused by suppression of the differentiation of this pre-killer cell. Furthermore, we conclude that the pre-killer cell is distinct from a memory T cell because: i) its conversion to an effector cell is antigen-independent and ii) because, unlike the memory cell, pre-killers do not bind avidly to allogeneic cell monolayers. PMID- 810514 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis immunotype J. AB - A new immunotype J is proposed for a group of Chlamydia trachomatis strains which are related to trachoma type C in the microimmunofluorescence typing test. Ten immunologically identical strains have been identified from four separate areas of the world. The strains were either isolated from the genital tract or from eye infection originating from the genital tract. They grow readily in HeLa 229 cell culture but poorly in egg culture. Whereas two-way cross-reactions were found between types C and J, tests with mouse antisera cross-absorbed with heterologous antigens showed that type J is completely separable from type C. The J strain caused typical follicular conjunctivitis in monkey eyes. Both humans and monkeys infected with J strains developed type-specific micro IF antibody patterns similar to immunized mouse antisera. C antisera showed broader and higher titer heterologous reactions than J antisera. Two immunologically identical strains, UW 61/Cx and 469/OC, related to both C and J, remain unclassified. They immunologically bridge the two types but are more closely related to type C immunologically and at the same time resemble type J epidemiologically and biologically. PMID- 810515 TI - Experimental allergic aspermatogenic orchitis. III. Isolation of spermatozoal glycoproteins and their role in allergic aspermatogenic orchitis. AB - Four glycoproteins (GP1,2,3 and 4) rich in carbohydrate were isolated from guinea pig testes. GP1, 2, and 4 (one or more) were localized in the sperm acrosome by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Purification consisted of delipidation with chloroform-methanol (2:1), acid extraction at pH 3.0, precipitation with 85% saturated ammonium sulfate, extraction with 5% trichloroacetic acid, and either gel filtration on agarose or ultrafiltration. The final purification steps were isoelectrofocusing or gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 followed by preparative slab gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Each glycoprotein appeared homogeneous by gel electrophoresis at pH 2.7 and 8.6, and by immunoelectrophoresis. The crude glycoprotein fraction from the agarose column was resolved into the three major components, GP1, 2, and 3, distinguished by their isoelectric points (pI 3.9, 4.4, and 5.0, respectively), electrophoretic mobilities at pH 8.6, and reactivities with antiserum in immunoelectrophoresis. GP4, isolated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-75 chromatography, was differentiated by the same criteria. Approximately 5 mg each of purified GP1, 3, and 4 and 2 to 3 mg of GP2 were isolated from 1000 g of wet guinea pig testes. GP1, 2, and 4 induced precipitating antibody in rabbits and goats. GP1 and GP4 induced allergic aspermatogenic orchitis in guinea pigs, an autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells around and within the seminiferous tubules, followed by extensive destruction of the germinal epithelium. The course of the disease induced by 2 mug of either GP1 or GP4 was essentially identical in time course and pathology to that induced by whole testicular homogenates or 1 mug of purified acrosomal protein (AP1). PMID- 810516 TI - A preparation of Fc fragment of normal mouse IgG1 for production of rabbit anti mouse IgG1 serum. AB - Ascitic fluid globulins obtained by peritoneal irritation from normal CBA mice were digested with papain, and the digests were examined by gradient chromatography on CM cellulose. The classical three peaks of OD280 found by Porter with papain digests of rabbit IgG were obtained. Fraction II contained material which reacted in immunodiffusion against mouse anti-IgG. The ascending part of this peak reacted against anti-IgG1 and not against anti-TgG2 reacting material appearing at detectable levels in the descending part of this peak. A pool from the ascending part of this peak, containing Fc of IgG1 and not visibly contaminated with Fc of IgG2, was injected into rabbits. The resulting antisera were free enough of anti-IgG2 to be effective in removing IgG1 from alloantibody containing globulins without appreciable loss of antibodies of IgG2 class, thus allowing the complement-dependent IgG2-class antibodies full expression of their titer, without competition by Ig1 class antibodies. Chromatography of native mouse globulin did not produce a similar degree of separation of Ig1 from IgG2. PMID- 810518 TI - Renal tubular transport of penicillin G and carbenicillin in the rat. AB - The pattern of transport of penicillin G and carbenicillin was examined directly in the rat kidney by means of micropuncture studies. Samples of plasma, tubular fluid, and urine were assayed for antibiotic content by an agar diffusion technique. Secretion accounted for 67% of the penicillin G but for only 37% of the carbenicillin present in the proximal tubule. No further net secretion of either agent could be detected in the distal nephron. Net secretion of penicillin G decreased from 67% in the distal tubule to 60% in the urine (P less than 0.05%); this reduction correlated with reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts. Both penicillin G and carbenicillin were secreted by the proximal tubule of the rat nephron, but the latter was secreted at a lower rate than the former. A significant fraction of penicillin G was reabsorbed from the collecting ducts under conditions of maximal antidiuresis. PMID- 810517 TI - Heat sensitivity of porcine IgG. AB - The sensitivity to heat of porcine IgG was studied. The serum from immunized pigs was heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min as for decomplementation. The elution pattern of the serum proteins on an agarose gel column showed a dramatic change with the appearance of a large peak of the gel-excluded material. This peak contained mainly IgG molecules which still retained its antibody activity. This fact points to misinterpretations which can easily occur in 7S and 19S antibody recognition during the porcine immune response. Correlation is suggested of this property with the large number of interheavy chain disulfide bridges present in porcine IgG. PMID- 810519 TI - Assay of aminoglycoside antibiotics in clinical specimens. AB - Optimal therapeutic use of aminoglycoside antibiotics requires monitoring of levels in serum. Three methods have been developed for clinical use; one yields a specific 14C-labeled product, and two are microbiologic methods in which different indicator strains are used to measure the diffusion of drug into agar. These methods were compared in assays with 200 sera from patients receiving gentamicin or sisomicin. Some specimens also contained either a beta-lactam antibiotic or clindamycin. In the presence of penicillin or cephalosporin, the level of aminoglycoside measured was accurate if the specimens were treated with beta-lactamase. The presence of clindamycin invalidated the results when Bacillus subtilis was used as the indicator strain, but not with the other microbiologic method or the enzymatic method. Under proper circumstances, the results obtained by the various methods were comparable, according to statistical analysis. The enzymatic procedure is the most specific and rapid method, but materials for agar well diffusion methods are more readily available and more economical. The procedures are practical, and their use is recommended in patients being treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 810520 TI - A modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex that induces interferon in primates. AB - A comlex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I-poly C) with poly-L lysine and carboxymethylcellulose has been prepared. This complex is five to 10 times as resistant to hydrolysis by primate serum as the parent poly I-poly C. It has a thermal denaturation temperature about 40 C higher than that of poly I-poly C. The complex induces significant levels of serum interferon in monkeys and chimpanzees under conditions in which poly I-poly C itself induces no interferon. PMID- 810521 TI - Immunochemical characterization of the outer membrane complex of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis. AB - The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is immunologically the most important structure of the cell because of its accessibility to host defense mechanisms. By electron micrographic studies, it has been shown that Bacteroides fragilis has a cell envelope typical of gram-negative bacteria. The outer memberane of this envelope was found to consist of protein, two polysaccharides bound to lipid in various degrees, and loosely bound lipid. The protein component of the outer membrane had a distinct pattern when studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar peptide band pattern were seen in all strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis studied, but this pattern was distinct from the pattern found in the outer membranes of other subspecies. The carbohydrates and the protein components were both associated with subspecies specific immunoprecipitins. We propose that this antigenic complex represents the outer membrane of B. fragilis in its native state and that the immunologically important antigens of this organism are associated with this complex. PMID- 810522 TI - Trends in meningococcal disease, 1974. PMID- 810523 TI - Hepatitis transmission in marmosets. AB - The Barker and Berlin strains of hepatitis agent were serially passaged in cotton topped marmosets, but attempts to isolate a new strain were unsuccessful. Cross protection tests suggested that the Barker and Berlin agents were serologically related, but normal human immunoglobulin did not protect animals against the Berlin agent. The difficulties encountered in working with captured wild marmosets were considered. PMID- 810525 TI - [Hemophilus infections]. PMID- 810524 TI - Neutralizing antibody and lymphocyte-mediated, colony-forming inhibition responses to measles infection in Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys. AB - The relation between humoral and cellular immune responses to measles virus in Cercopithecus aethiops monkedy was examined by in vitro virus neutralization and colony inhibition techniques. Both types of specific immune response were maximal two or three weeks after infection and then declined at similar rates for several weeks. However, the humoral response persisted at a low level for at least 44 weeks, whereas the cell-mediated response became undetectable as early as 10 weeks after infection. The cellular response disappeared in three monkeys (including one monkey that produced no detectable circulating antibody) after natural infection as well. Second inoculations with measles virus produced a rise in titer of antibody, but the cellular response was weak or lacking. However, there appeared to be a significant increase in the capacity of lymphocytes from these animals to attach in vitro to measles virus-infected cells. Antiserum to measles virus blocked this phenomenon. PMID- 810526 TI - [Distribution of antibodies to Leptospira among the residence of Tokyo and its suburbs]. PMID- 810527 TI - [Evaluation of "uromedium", a simple dip-slide test for detection of bacteria in the urine]. PMID- 810528 TI - Characterization of the antibody response to type 12 M protein of group A streptococcus. AB - Group A streptococcal M protein is defined by its ability to stimulate type specific precipitating and protective antibodies. Type 12 M protein was prepared by the acid-heat extraction of whole cells and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the resulting M protein revealed multiple protein bands. The acrylamide gel was divided into three parts and protein from each part was tested for the ability to stimulate antibodies in rabbits. Only the proximal two portions of the gel produced protective antibody as measured by the long-chain and mouse-protective tests. Protein in all sections of the gel stimulated the production of precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies. A low level of protective antibody as measured by the indirect bactericidal test was present only in the antisera to Part 1 of the gel. The results indicate that M protein stimulates antibodies with different functions. PMID- 810529 TI - Binding of intracellular protein to the erythrocyte membrane during incubation: the production of Heinz bodies. AB - During sterile incubation of normal human erythrocytes at 37 degrees C., intracellular nonhemoglobin protein is bound to the membrane prior to hemolysis. These studies have characterized this phenomenon further. Protein binding to the membrane began after 12 hours incubation when cellular ATP was depleted and increased to 36 hours incubation. The binding was prevented by adding adenosine or glucose at the start of incubation and was arrested by adding adenosine to regenerate ATP during the course of incubation. However, protein, once bound, was not released by regeneration of ATP. The amount of protein bound was not altered by: (1) addition of Ca++ or EDTA to the medium, (2) blockade of sulfhydryl groups with N-ethylmaleimide, or (3) stabilization of heme-globin bonds by conversion of hemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin. Conversion of hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin by incubations under carbon monoxide inhibited protein binding, but this appeared to be an effect of exclusion of oxygen rather than stabilization of heme-globin bonds since incubation under nitrogen had a similar effect. The morphological counterpart of this chemically-measured membrane-bound protein was visible in red cell ghosts stained with crystal violet as small membrane-associated particles resembling Heinz bodies. Sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis of membranes of incubated cells revealed a new protein band that was identical to globin monomers. This membrane binding of globin during incubation provides a model for the study of Heinz body formation in clinical disorders. PMID- 810530 TI - Further studies on the effect of lung antibodies on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. AB - A study was made to further clarify the role of lung reactive antibodies in tuberculous infection. Following intravenous infection with viable tubercle bacilli, mice received mouse anti-mouse lung antibodies for three weeks. Control groups consisted of tuberculous mice receiving non-lung antibody containing fluid and uninfected mice. A method was developed for quantitating tuberculous infection in these different groups by expressing the number of lesions produced per unit of cross-sectional surface area of the lung. Passive administration of lung antibodies was found to significantly potentiate the number of tuberculous lesions. It was concluded that the antibody in some way lowered the resistance of the tissue to invasion. PMID- 810531 TI - Glycoprotein metabolism in human renal disease: serum glycoproteins and glycoprotein: glycosyl transferase levels in chronic renal failure. AB - Glycoprotein: galactosyl and glycoprotein: sialic acid transferase activity were measured in the serum of patients with renal insufficiency. Significant elevations in enzyme activity were found in all patients including those on regular hemodialysis. Galactosyl transferase activity was elevated in a group of renal transplant recipients with normal serum creatinine. Serum glycoproteins from renal failure serum have an altered carbohydrate composition, the major finding being a reduced galactose content. A smaller reduction in sialic acid content was also observed. The findings are discussed in terms of glycoprotein metabolism and the clinical setting of chronic renal failure. PMID- 810532 TI - The modification of hemoglobin-antihemoglobin reaction by haptoglobin. AB - In radioimmunoassay and double diffusion experiments, the reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and antihemoglobin antibody is markedly affected by the presence of haptoglobin (Hp). Binding with haptoglobin exposes "neoantigenic" determinants in hemoglobin, probably as a result of conformational changes exposing previously inaccessible structures. Some of these are shared by both Hb A and Hb F an may be located on alpha-chains. The exposure of these determinants requires the binding of hemoglobin by haptoglobins of the phenotype Hp 2-2 or Hp 2-1. The phenotype Hp 1-1 and guinea pig haptoglobin have no discernible effect in this context. It thus appears that the conformational change induced in hemoglobin by the "polymeric" forms of haptoglobin differ from those, if any, caused by the "monomeric" forms such as Hp 1-1. Most antisera raised against free hemoglobin contain some antibodies specific for these hidden determinants which may have become exposed during the processing of the immunizing antigen. These findings have significant implication in the interpretation of radioimmunoassay data. PMID- 810533 TI - Comparison of methods for assessing in vitro antibiotic synergism against Pseudomonas and Serratia. AB - Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are often difficult to treat because of the narrow therapeutic ratio of available antimicrobials. Synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal activity for gentamicin and carbenicillin against P. aeruginosa has been documented in vitro. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 methods of determining in vitro synergism between several aminoglycosides and penicillins. The agar dilution method using an inoculum replicator was employed, and a drug combination showing inhibition equal to or less than one-fourth of the individual minimal inhibitory concentrations was termed synergistic. Combinations using amikacin and BL-P1654 showed synergism against a greater per cent of strains of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens than combinations using gentamicin or carbenicillin. Additionally, the "checkerboard" broth dilution method using both minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration as endpoints and killing curves according to the methods of Jawetz was studied. Comparison of the results of these 4 methods showed excellent correlation, verifying the consistency of the 4 techniques for determining in vitro synergism. PMID- 810535 TI - Reproduction in captive vervet and Sykes' monkeys. PMID- 810534 TI - An evaluation of the Coulter thrombocounter in counting platelets before and after contact with foreign surfaces and its use in tests of platelet retention. AB - The counting of platelets by electronic methods has become widely accepted by laboratories and the methods is considered to give better reproducibility than the conventional microscope count. Prompted by an impression that prior contact of whole blood with glass beads or cellulose-based dialysis membranes resulted in platelet counts showing a poor correlation between the electronic and microscopic methods of counting, an evaluation of the Coulter Thrombocounter was carried out with regard to its ability in counting platelets before and after contact with such foreign surfaces in two tests for the measurement of platelet retention. The effect of citrate and heparin anticoagulation with and without the addition of EDTA on the efficiency of the Thrombocounter was also studied. The results indicate that an excellent correlation is obtained between microscopic and electronically estimated platelet counts before foreign surface contact when EDTA is included in the anticoagulation, and that the Thrombocounter gives good reproducibility over a wide range of platelet counts. After contact with the foreign surfaces, the Thrombocounter significantly underestimated the platelet counts and thus overestimated the platelet retention values. Using the membrane test cell system with citrate plus EDTA anticoagulation, platelet retention results estimated by Thrombocounter platelet counts were significantly higher than those estimated by microscopic platelet counts but there was a good linear correlation between the two sets of results. Thus, the Thrombocounter may be used with this method. However, using the glass-bead column technique and the same anticoagulation, although the platelet retention results gave the same mean value with both methods of platelet counting, there was no correlation between the two sets of results indicating that microscopy alone should be used with this method. The other anticoagulant regimens rendered the Thrombocount inefficient for use in these tests of platelet retention. PMID- 810536 TI - Formation and division of giant mitochondria during the cell cycle of Euglena gracilis Z in synchronous culture. II. Modes of division of giant mitochondria. PMID- 810537 TI - Morphological alteration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 810538 TI - Analysis of gene expression during development in the homeotic mutant Contrabithorax of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Contrabithorax, a mutant of the bithorax system in Drosophila melanogaster produces a partial homeotic transformation of mesothorax (wing) into methathorax (haltere). The wing of a fly homozygous or heterozygous for the mutant is a mosaic of wing and haltere structures. A genetic analysis of the mutant suggests that its phenotype is due to some form of derepression in the wing of two other genes of the bithorax system (bithorax and postbithorax) which are not normally active there. This repression is not complete. The activity of the two genes is below the normal level resulting in only a partial transformation of wing into haltere. Clones of marked cells were generated by X-rays and were found to include both transformed (haltere) and untrasformed (wing) territory; this was true even for those generated late in development. Thus the final expression of a cell depends not on its immediate ancestry but perhaps on the level of the products of the wild-type alleles of bithorax and postbithorax. PMID- 810539 TI - Adult amphibian epidermal proteins: biochemical characterization and developmental appearance. AB - The keratin-like proteins (KLPs) from the epidermis of adult frogs of the species Xenopus laevis have been isolated and biochemically characterized by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, tryptic peptide mapping, amino-terminal end-group analysis and isoelectric focusing. One particular protein fraction of rather unusual amino acid composition found only in epidermal tissue was isolated in quantity by preparative gel electrophoresis and monospecific antibodies prepared against it. Using this anti-KLP antibody preparation it was possible to show that at least one kine of keratin-like protein characteristic of the adult epidermis first appears within the larval epidermis during metamorphosis. This is the first reported biochemical characterization of a tissue-specific protien from adult amphibian skin. PMID- 810540 TI - Effects of intracellular injection of calcium buffers on light adaptation in Limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - The calcium sequestering agent, EGTA, was injected into Limulus ventral photoreceptors. Before injection, the inward membrane current induced by a long stimulus had a large initial transient which declined to a smaller plateau. Iontophoretic injection of EGTA tended to prevent the decline from transient to plateau. Before injection the plateau response was a nonlinear function of light intensity. After EGTA injection the response-intensity curves tended to become linear. Before injection, bright lights lowered the sensitivity as determined with subsequent test flashes. EGTA injection decreased the light-induced changes in sensitivity. Ca-EGTA buffers having different levels of free calcium were pressure-injected into ventral photoreceptors; the higher the level of free calcium, the lower the sensitivity measured after injection. The effects of inotophoretic injection of EGTA were not mimicked by injection or similar amounts of sulfate and the effects of pressure injection of EGTA buffer solutions were not mimicked by injection of similar volumes of pH buffer or mannitol. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that light adaptation is mediated by a rise of the intracellular free calcium concentration. PMID- 810541 TI - Polysomal RNA in Semliki Forest virus infected Aedes albopictus cells. AB - Polysomes from Aedes albopictus cells were identified by their rapid labelling with radioactive amino acids and their sensitivity to EDTA, RNase and puromycin. The major ribosome component in cytoplasmic extracts had a sedimentation coefficient of approx. 95S and may be a ribosome dimer. In Semiki Forest virus infected Aedes albopictus cells, 42S and 26S RNA were the major virus RNA species detected up to 10 h post infection. Virus RNA was detected in association with pre-labelled ribosomes and banded at a buoyant density of 1-55 g/ml. 42S, 38S and 26S virus RNA species were associated with polysomes. PMID- 810542 TI - Interhemispheric functional differences in prefrontal cortex of monkeys. AB - Monkeys had nonpolarizable electrodes implanted bilaterally in prefrontal (principal sulcus), precentral, and occipital cortex. They were trained on a spatial delayed-response (DR) task (8-sec intratrial delay), while cortical potentials were recorded. Three groups of monkeys were trained to 90% criterion: (A) 4 monkeys with only the right hand (the left wrist was attached to the testing chair); (B) 2 monkeys with only the left hand; and (C) 2 monkeys with the left and right hands on alternate sessions. Intermanual transfer tests were then given. Averaged steady potential (SP) shifts of several seconds duration were found in prefrontal cortex during cue presentation and the early portion of the intratrial delay and from the precentral area during the choice response. Evaluations of these SP shift magnitudes indicated: (1) Training with only one hand resulted in substantially larger SP shifts in the prefrontal and precentral areas contralateral to the responding hand; (2) alternate hand training resulted in somewhat larger prefrontal SP shifts in the right hemisphere; (3) intermanual transfer had marked effects on the precentral SP shifts, with larger magnitudes in the hemisphere contralateral to the responding hand, but had little effect on the magnitudes of both prefrontal SP shifts. (4) Subsequent training of Group C monkeys with only one hand resulted in greater SP shifts in the prefrontal area contralateral to the responding hand and in decreased SP shifts in the ipsilateral prefrontal area; and (5) additional intermanual transfer tests had no effects on SP shift magnitudes from both prefrontal areas. These findings indicate a dissociation in interhemispheric functions between the precentral and prefrontal cortical areas, with the formal implicated in motor organization for the contralateral limb, and the latter in mediation of mnemonic processes, primarily in one hemisphere. This hemispheric specialization is affected by the hand-training procedure, but other endogenous or experimential factors may be involved. PMID- 810543 TI - Alterations in cerebral blood flow produced by hypotension: a comparison of methods. AB - Alterations in cerebral blood flow produced by controlled episodes of hypotension were studied in 12 juvenile monkeys using a thermocouple techique. The qualitative changes observed agreed closely with those obtained from an earlier study employing [14C]antipyrine autoradiographic methods. The present study extends the validity of the earlier antipyrine investigations by means of the continuous recording. The advantages and disadvantages of the thermocouple technique are examined. PMID- 810544 TI - Proceedings: Role of platelets in the causation of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 810546 TI - Letter: Grading animals with spinal cord injury. PMID- 810545 TI - Central necrosis of the spinal cord induced by hyperbaric oxygen exposure. AB - Seventy-six adult rats were exposed to 60 psig of oxygen on consecutive days until death. At autopsy, 17 of the animals segmental foci of central necrosis of the spinal cord gray matter, often associated with small ball- and flame-shaped hemorrhages in either the cervical and/or lumbosacral enlargements. Paraplegia or quadriplegia were clinically observed prior to death. The oxygen-induced spinal cord lesions are similar though not identical to those observed in experimental and human spinal cord trauma. These observations indicate that the therapeutic use of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with spinal cord injury has a potential danger of causing central spinal cord necrosis. PMID- 810548 TI - Calculation of an estimate of throxine-binding globulin capacity. AB - An estimate of the serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) may be computed from determinations of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine uptake. A general equation for this computation is presented and a computer program for the calculation of the estimating parameters is dicussed. With these methods, the regression equation for the calculated TBG and the observed TBG is the line of identity, and the correlation coefficients from determinations on data from two laboratories were +0.88 and +0.96. The calculated TBG may be used as a screening test for abnormalities of thryoxinebinding protein and as an aid in the proper interpretation of thyroid function studies. PMID- 810547 TI - Widespread abnormalities of radiocolloid distribution in patients with mycopolysaccharidoses. AB - Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited disorders of lysosomal enzymes. We have examined the sites of accumulation of intravenously injected 99mTc-sulfur colloid in order to assess the regional distribution of phagocytic function in ten patients with MPS: three with Type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy). Increased lung uptake was observed in 22 of 40 studies (55%) on the five patients with MPZ Type II but in none of the 38 studies on patients with other MPS types. All MPS patients had diffuse recticuloendothelial (RE) marrow hypoplasia, despite normal or nearly normal hematocrits and hemoglobin levels, suggestion dissociation of the phagocytic and erythropoietic elements of the marrow. The eight patients with MPZ Types I and II all had hepatomegaly and increased splenic uptake. Seven of these patients with MPS Types III and VI did not have hepatosplenomegaly. These studies indicate that the lysosoma enzymic defect of MPS results in widespread abnormalities of the distribution of phagocytic function in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and probably the lung as well. PMID- 810550 TI - Sinusoidal flicker characteristcis of primate cones in response to heterochromatic stimuli. AB - Electrophysiological recordings of primate photorecptors have been obtained and frequency response characteristics of the red, green and blue cones have been determined and compared to previous psychophysical findings. Using cynomolgus monkeys, we recorded the foveal local electroretinogram, which is dominated by the late receptor potential, and obtained criterion-response threshold data for sinusoidally flickered test stimuli complementary chromatic adapting backgrounds. Our results support the hypotheses that (a) the shapes of the MTFs of the red and green cone systems are identical and are determined solely by the photoreceptors at high frequencies, and (b) the blue cones have an MTF with a lower corner frequency than the red- and green-cone systems. PMID- 810549 TI - Correlation of neoplasms with incidence and localization of skeletal metastases: An analysis of 1,355 diphosphonate bone scans. AB - A total of 1,355 patients from clinical trails with the 99mTc-labeled bone agent, Osteoscan (99mTc-Sn -EHDP), has shown a higher incidence of skeletal abnormalities than previously reported. Overall in this study, 60% of bone scans were abnormal in patients with nonosseous neoplasms. Carcinoma of breast, lung, and prostate yielded 67%, 64%, and 62% skeletal involvement, respectively. Over 50% of all the skeletal abnormalities for the neoplastic indications were detected in the thorax and vertebra while the skull, pelvis, and extremities accounted for 22%, 38%, and 34%, respectively. PMID- 810551 TI - The early carious lesion of enamel. PMID- 810552 TI - Fibro-osseous lesion. PMID- 810553 TI - Protracted diarrhea and malnutrition in infancy: Changes in intestinal morphology and disaccharidase activities during treatment with total intravenous nutrition or oral elemental diets. AB - Two therapeutic regimens were compared in 16 infants with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition. Eight patients were treated with total parenteral nutrition given via a central vein (group A); the remaining eight patients received a combination of dilute parenteral nutrients given in a peripheral vein plus continuous enteral feedings of an elemental diet (group B). All patients recovered although two infants in group B were switched to TPN treatment after a poor response to the elemental diet. Intestinal biopsies were performed: (1) before treatment; (2) after 2 to 3 weeks of TPN or elemental diet; and (3) after 2 to 3 weeks of Nutramigen feedings. Before treatment, all patients had atrophic changes in the jejunal epithelium and deficient disaccharidase and trypsin activities. The second biopsy showed morphologic recovery in all patients, incomplete recovery of lactase and trypsin in both treatment groups, and complete recovery of sucrase and maltase activities only in group B patients. The third biopsy showed normal morphology and complete recovery of all enzymes measured. The mean number of hospital days was 46 +/- 4.8 for group A and 34 +/- 1.6 for group B (p less than 0.05) suggesting that patients given enteral feedings early tended to have a more rapid return of intestinal function and of some intestinal enzymes. PMID- 810554 TI - Dilute elemental diet and continuous infusion technique for management of short bowel syndrome. AB - Two infants with short bowel syndrome were successfully weaned from total parenteral alimentation by means of a continuous intragastric infusion through a gastrostomy of a dilute elemental diet. Each patient had received TPA for 9 and 3 months, respectively, and had failed to thrive while receiving other therapeutic formulas. Gradual transition to bolus feeling was accomplished in each infant after 2 1/2 and 2 months, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a continuous infusion of a dilute elemental diet in large volumes can provide adequate calories for growth and maintain positive fluid and electrolyte balance. PMID- 810555 TI - Editorial: Ocular teratogens: A commentary. PMID- 810556 TI - Editorial: Diabetic ketosis and acidosis: The continuous infusion of low doses of insulin. PMID- 810557 TI - Safety and antigenicity of influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 (E) (H3N2). AB - Influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] (H3N2) vaccine was administered intranasally to 18 seronegative children 14 to 32 months of age. Fourteen children, 78%, shed influenza A/Hong Kong virus for a mean of eight days following vaccination. Sixteen children, 89%, experienced a fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination inhibition antibody. Some children appeared to experience a febrile reaction to the vaccine although interpretation of this data was complicated by intercurrent illness. These findings demonstrate that influenza A ts-1 [E] replicates more readily in the young seronegative child than in the HAI negative adult. In addition, the temperature-sensitive marker of the vaccine was not genetically stable in four of the vaccinated children. Careful evaluation of any future live respiratory viral vaccines needs to be undertaken in the young seronegative child before the vaccine's safety is fully established. PMID- 810559 TI - Fractionation of a soluble somatic extract and solubilized cuticular extracts of Dipetalonema viteae adult worms. AB - A soluble somatic preparation (SSP) of adult Dipetalonema viteae was prepared. Aliquots of the aqueous insoluble debris (cuticles and membranes) left after the extraction of SSP were solubilized separately with Triton X-100 and lithium diiodosalicylate to yield a Triton solubilized preparation (TSP) and lithium diiodosalicylate solubilized preparation (LSP), respectively. SSP was sequentially chromatographed on a series of Sephadex columns, G50; then fraction 1 from G50 on G100 and finally fraction 1 from G100 on G200 yielding 5, 4, and 5 fractions on G50, G100, and G200, respectively. TSP and LSP were each sequentially chromatographed on Sephadex G50 and G200 to yield 5 and 4 fractions for TSP and 6 and 3 fractions for LSP, respectively. Each Sephadex fraction from each separation was further resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Immunodiffusion studies with a rabbit antiserum to SSP gave 4 precipitin bands with SSP, 1 with TSP, and none with LSP. The single precipitin arc produced with TSP showed partial identity with an SSP arc. Disc immunoelectrophoresis allowed the identification of the proteins separated by PAGE, which precipitated with the rabbit anti-SSP serum. PMID- 810558 TI - Dose-effect and dose-response relationships for lead in children. AB - Lead absorption and prevention of the serious effects of lead re-examined from the viewpoints of the critical organ and clinical effect concepts and the associated dose-effect and dose-response relationships. If the critical organ is the first affected and the critical effect is the first measurable adverse effect, intervention on this basis should prevent the occurrence of later, more serious effects. In the range of lead absorption of greatest current pediatric concern (blood lead in the range of 50 to 80 mug/dl), blood lead values are not a good predictor of critical effect, whereas chelatable lead is significantly and linearly related to evidence of critical effect on hemoglobin synthesis in the bone marrow. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin and delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin in urine are indicators of this effect. The dose-response concept provides a better way of viewing the relationship between blood lead and measures of adverse effect than do the classifications of "sensitivity," "specificity", "false negatives," and "false positives," which are often employed in the evaluation of screening tests. The dose-response concept recognizes the uniqueness of the individual and the presence of susceptible and resistant individuals in heterogeneous population groups. With the dose-response concept, individuals may be identified as reactors or nonreactors, according to whether they exhibit a particular effect. Among the various indicators of lead's critical (or first) effect on hemoglobin synthesis, erythrocyte protoporphyrin potentially is the most practical for monitoring children at high risk for plumbism. PMID- 810560 TI - A murine Sarcocystis that causes an Isospora-like infection in cats. AB - Sarcocysts similar to those of Sarcocystis muris were found in mice from the Iowa State University Mouse Genetics Laboratory. Muscle tissue from these mice was fed to 8 cats. Five cats developed an isosporan infection with oocysts most like those of Isospora felis. Sporulated oocysts from cat feces were fed to mice. In about 100 days mice developed sarcocysts that were visible to the unaided eye. Three cats were fed muscle tissue from the experimentally infected mice, and all cats developed an I. felis-like infection. Three cats fed muscle tissue from control mice from the same colony as the experimental mice did not develop isosporan infections. Thus it is demonstrated that this murine Sarcocystis is part of an isosporan life cycle. PMID- 810562 TI - Studies on human malaria in Aotus monkeys. VI. Infectivity of Plasmodium malariae to different Anophelines. AB - Anopheles freeborni, A. balabacensis balabacensis, A. atroparvus, A. stephensi, and A. maculatus mosquitoes were infected by feeding on 12 Aotus trivirgatus monkeys infected with a Nigerian strain of Plasmodium malariae. Comparative infectivity studies indicated that the first 2 species were the most heavily infected. PMID- 810561 TI - Effect of amprolium on acute sarcocystosis in experimentally infected calves. AB - Twelve calves were used to determine whether treatment with amprolium affected the severity of experimental Sarcocystis fusiformis infections. In each of 2 experiments, 2 calves received an oral dose of amprolium at 100 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days, 2 calves were similarly inoculated but received no medication, and 2 calves served as uninoculated, unmedicated controls. Data from overall weight gains, packed cell volume, body temperature, postmortem and histological examinations, and serum enzyme levels indicate that amprolium reduced the severity of experimental sarcocystosis. PMID- 810563 TI - Hematologic and serologic changes in calves experimentally infected with Sarcocystis fusiformis. PMID- 810564 TI - New localities for mammal blood parasites from southwestern United States. PMID- 810565 TI - Hepatic "intravenous fat pigment" in infants and children receiving lipid emulsion. AB - In 23 patients who received fat emulsion (Intralipid) intravenously and had subsequent necropsy, the deposition of pigment in the liver was evaluated quantitatively. Pigment was found in hepatic cells (HC) in 14 of 23 patients as well as reticuloendothelial cells (REC) in 22 of 23 patients. There was more pitment deposition in HC in younger children. HC pigment deposition occurred most frequently in patients with acute inflammatory processes within the abdomen. Patients infused with emulsion at rates less than 0.5 g/kg body wt/hr had less pigment deposition than patients infused at faster rates. Neonates infused at rates less than 0.2 g/kg body wt/hr for 24 hr had less HC pigment than neonates infused at higher rates. The quantity of REC pigment bore no apparent relationship to age, clinical diagnosis, rate or total dose of fat emulsion, but was increased in groups infused more than 14 days. PMID- 810566 TI - Hydrocephalus as a complication of jugular catheterization during total parenteral nutrition. AB - In four children with communicating hydrocephalus the development of the hydrocephalus appears to be related to the use of bilateral jugular catheters inserted for total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 810567 TI - The origin of granulation tissue and its impact on postoperative results of mucogingival surgery. PMID- 810568 TI - Osseous coagulum: a histologic evaluation. AB - Chronic periodontitis can be successfully simulated in primates by the method employed in this study. Osseous defects can be created with a marked degree of similarity to one another and subsequently rendered into chronic lesions for healing-repair studies. The chronic periodontal ossious defects corrected by the osseous coagulum technique and by curettage in the rhesus monkey in this study were repaired by the regeneration of the architecture of the lost tissue. The use of the osseous coagulum in two- and three-walled periodontal osseous defects led to a more rapid osteogenesis in such defects as compared to correction by curettage alone. This rapid filling of the osseous defects may serve to inhibit the apical migration of the epithelial attachment during the early stages of repair, and thereby inhibit a subsequent recurrence of the defect. Clinically and histologically, no readily apparent distinction could be made in the healing process between the two- and three-walled lesions. PMID- 810569 TI - [Effect of molybdenum on reduction of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 810570 TI - Flumizole, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. AB - Flumizole is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in animal models with an inhibitory activity severalfold that of indomethacin in rat foot edema and prostaglandin synthetase tests. The drug was well absorbed from the GI tract when administered in the solution used in pharmacological assays. However, markedly poorer absorption of the solid form of this poorly water-soluble agent led to the development of a flumizole dispersion with polyethylene glycol 6000. The solid dispersion exhibited an increased dissolution rate in simulated gastric fluid and improved absorption properties in dogs relative to unformulated flumizole. Studies with a capsule formulation of the solid dispersion in human volunteers were indicative of good drug absorption. Plasma levels of flumizole were rapidly achieved and declined with a short half-life (2-7 hr) in rats, dogs, and humans. PMID- 810571 TI - Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants. VI: Interspecies differences in solubilities in blood and plasma and their possible implications in toxicity studies. AB - Solubilities of the three most commonly used fluorocarbon aerosol propellants were determined in the blood and plasma of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice. Differences as large as approximately fourfold in blood and more than 33-fold in plasma were found in different species. The partitioning of fluorocarbons between blood cells and plasma showed even greater differences between species. An indirect method was suggested for the calculation of plasma concentrations from total blood concentrations. A comparative evaluation was reported for the nonprotein bound fractions of fluorocarbons in the blood samples of various species. A correlation was drawn for the pharmacokinetic properties of the fluorocarbons within and between species, and a rationale was provided for the extrapolation of toxicity data from animals to humans. PMID- 810572 TI - Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 8-hydroxyquinolines as dental plaque inhibitors. AB - Some 4- and 5-substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines, with predicted log P values in the range of 1.48-2.90, were synthesized by modified Skraup reactions or thermal cyclization. These hydroxyquinolines include the 5-methyl, 4,5-dimethyl, 4 methyl, 5-hydroxy-4-methyl, 5-methoxy, 5-methoxy-4-methyl, 4-hydroxy, 4-chloro, 4 amino, and 5-amino analogs. Partition coefficients, antibacterial activity, and antiplaque activity were determined. Four analogs showed in vitro antiplaque activity. None of the derivatives with ionizable functions was active. PMID- 810573 TI - Scopolamine effects on visual discrimination: modifications related to stimulus control. AB - Stumptail monkeys (Macaca arctoides) performed a discrete trial, three-choice visual discrimination. The discrimination behavior was controlled by the shape of the visual stimuli. Strength of the stimuli in controlling behavior was systematically related to a physical property of the stimuli, luminance. Low luminance provided weak control, resulting in a low accuracy of discrimination, a low response probability and maximal sensitivity to scopolamine (7.5--60 mug/kg). In contrast, high luminance provided strong control of behavior and attenuated the effects of scopolamine. Methylscopolamine had no effect in doses of 30 to 90 mug/kg. Scopolamine effects resembled the effects of reducing stimulus control in undrugged monkeys. Since behavior under weak control seems to be especially sensitive to drugs, manipulations of stimulus control may be particularly useful whenever determination of the minimally-effective dose is important, as in behavioral toxicology. Present results are interpreted as specific visual effects of the drug, since nonsensory factors such as base-line response rate, reinforcement schedule, training history, motor performance and motivation were controlled. Implications for state-dependent effects of drugs are discussed. PMID- 810574 TI - Metabolic disposition and cardiovascular effects of methyldopate in unanesthetized rhesus monkeys. AB - Methyldopate, the ethyl ester hydrochloride salt of alpha-methyldopa (alpha-MD), is used extensively in the treatment of severe hypertension. We have developed a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay to determine the plasma-time concentrations of alpha-MD after intravenous administration of methyldopate and alpha-MD in the monkey in an effort to evaluate the bioavailability of alpha-MD and the extent of in vivo hydrolysis of the amino ester to the amino acid. The results establish that in this experimental situation methyldopate is not metabolically equivalent to alpha-MD. PMID- 810575 TI - Intrathecal chemotherapy: brain tissue profiles after ventriculocisternal perfusion. AB - Ventriculocisternal perfusions with five isotopically labeled drugs were performed in the rhesus monkey and the resultant tissue diffusion concentration profiles in caudate nucleus were analyzed. The periventricular distribution space with respect to perfusate concentration was measured and expressed as microliters per 100 mg wet weight: hydroxyurea = 56; methotrexate = 27; thiotepa = 28; 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) = 64 and cytosine arabinoside greater than 170. The apparent diffusion constants in caudate nucleus were determined for hydroxyurea and methotrexate (2.0 and 1.2 X 10(-6) cm2/sec, respectively); capillary permeability expressed as an extracellular space-transcapillary exchange half-time was estimated to be greater than 2 hours for both compounds. The extracellular fluid-transcapillary half-time was measured for thiotepa and BCNU (1.0 and 0.8 minute, respectively). Cytosine arabinoside continued to be concentrated by periventricular caudate nucleus during the course of perfusion; perfusate clearance measurements suggest a low capillary permeability. The apparent parenchymal diffusion constant and the capillary permeability of a drug in brain are discussed and are considered useful parameters for predicting drug levels after intrathecal administration. PMID- 810576 TI - Functional properties of ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina. AB - Three general classes of cells were identified in a sample of 460 cells recorded from all areas of the retina subserving the central 40 degrees of vision in the rhesus monkey. 2. One class (colour-opponent) had sustained colour-opponent responses and concentrically organized receptive fields, in which usually one cone mechanism mediated the centre response and one or two different cone mechanisms mediated the antagonistic surround. A few cells of this class had non concentric (co-extensive) receptive field organization. 3. A second class (broad band) had transient responses and concentrically organized receptive fields, in which usually two cone mechanisms mediated the centre response. In most cells, the surround had the same spectral sensitivity as the centre and the cells had non-colour opponent responses. In other cells, the surround had a spectral sensitivity different to that of the centre and the cells had colour-opponent responses. 4. The third class (non-concentric) did not have concentrically organized receptive fields. One group of cells had extremely phasic on-, off- or on-off responses and no spontaneous activity, another group had characteristically regular spontaneous activity and was responsive only to moving stimuli. 5. Cells of the colour-opponent class with concentric receptive fields had the smallest centre-sizes, which did not vary markedly from cell to cell (mean 15 mum); cells of the non-concentric class with phasic responses had the largest centre-sizes, which varied from cell to cell. 6. Colour-opponent cells comprised the highest proportion of cells near the foveola; broad-band cells comprised the highest proportion in the more peripheral areas of the retina; non concentric cells were equally represented in all areas. PMID- 810577 TI - Trichromatic colour opponency in ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina. AB - Two hundred and eleven colour-opponent ganglion cells were studied in the central 10 degrees of the retina of the rhesus monkey, to determine the inputs which they were receiving from different cone mechanisms. Spectral-sensitivity measurements in the presence of neutral and coloured back-grounds showed that 24% of these cells appeared to receive input from all three cone mechanisms. 2. In 3% of the cells, the red-sensitive cone mechanism opposed the blue- and green-sensitive ones. In 18% of the cells, the blue-sensitive cone mechanism opposed the green- and red-sensitive ones. In 3% of the cells, the green-sensitive cone mechanism opposed the blue- and red-sensitive ones. 3. In 12% of the cells receiving opponent green- and red-sensitive cone inputs, responses from the beta-band of the red-sensitive cone mechanism could be detected and distinguished from blue sensitive cone input. 4. All cells receiving blue-sensitive cone input appeared to be trichromatic. The retinal distribution of cells with trichromatic input and that of cells with beta-band responses seemed to parallel the availability of blue-sensitive cones in the retinal area being considered. 5. The results indicate that trichromatic interactions in the macaque visual system begin in the retina. PMID- 810578 TI - Concealed colour opponency in ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina. AB - Criteria for distinguishing colour-opponent from spectrally non-opponent cells and identifying colour-opponent subtypes on the basis of the cone inputs they receive, have been examined in ganglion cells of the macaque retina using threshold and suprathreshold stimuli, with and without chromatic adaptation. 2. Criteria based on suprathreshold responses were found to be insufficient for distinguishing between opponent and non-opponent cells in one-third of the sample. Criteria based on a 560 nm neutral point were found to be insufficient for distinguishing between colour-opponent subtypes in one-half of the remaining cells. 3. The neutral point of colour-opponent ganglion cells varies with the geometry and intensity of the stimulus, as well as with the amount of centre surround interaction and the receptive-field location of a cell. As a result, the neutral point is often an ambiguous criterion for identifying colour-opponent subtypes on the basis of their cone inputs. 4. About one third of the colour opponent ganglion cells did not show colour opponency in the presence of neutral backgrounds, and only revealed this behaviour in the presence of chromatic adaptation (concealed colour opponency). 5. The proportion of these concealed colour-opponent cells increased towards the peripheral areas of the retina. PMID- 810579 TI - Proceedings: Morphine hyperthermia, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and naloxone. PMID- 810580 TI - Effect of steroid depletion on the response of toad bladder to vasopressin. AB - 1. We have investigated the water transport and short-circuit current (s.c.c.) response to vasopressin (1 mu./ml. and 100 mu./ml.) in isolated toad urinary bladders (Bufo marinus) following overnight incubation in the presence or absence of steroid-containing Ringer solution. 2. The water transport response to the lower dose of vasopressin (1 mu./ml.) was considerably reduced in 'steroid depleted' conditions, wheras the response to the higher dose of vasopressin (100 mu./ml.) was not similarly affected. 3. Aldosterone 3. Aldosterone 3. Aldosterone (10(-7)M) potentiated the water transport response to the lower dose of vasopressin (1 mu./ml.) but had no effect on the response to the higher dose (100 mu./ml.). 4. There was no effect of 'steroid depletion' or aldosterone treatment on the vasopressin s.c.c. response when measured as a percentage increase above basal levels. 5. In 'steroid depleted' conditions vasopressin (1 mu./ml.) maximally stimulated Na+ transport (s.c.c.) but a higher dose of vasopressin (100 mu./ml.) was required for maximum water transport. 6. We have failed to obtain any potentiation effect of corticosterone (10(-7)M) on the water transport or s.c.c. response to vasopressin (1 mu./ml.). PMID- 810581 TI - [Peroperative and postoperative cholangiography. Technics and results]. PMID- 810582 TI - Immunobiological actions of antiserum to ovine prolactin in mice. AB - Neutralization of pituitary prolactin by the administration of antiserum to prolactin in the mouse selectively blocked the pro-oestrous stage of the oestrous cycle and inhibited ovulation in normal cyclic mice. In pseudopregnant mice, the antiserum shortened the duration of pseudopregnancy. Failure of the antiserum to affect uterine cell division, blastocyst implantation and pregnancy suggests that the secretion of progesterone by the luteal tissue appears to be more influenced by LH than by prolactin. PMID- 810585 TI - Distribution of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in organs of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) fletcheri (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae). PMID- 810583 TI - Current research in coitus-induced ovulation: a review. AB - Against the background of renewed interest in the existence of reflex ovulation in many animal species and the possibility of its existence in man, this review on current research efforts embraces the multitude of nervous influences and stimuli accompanying cohabitation. Species showing reflex ovulation are not restricted to those using this as the sole ovulatory mechanism, but include also so-called facultative ovulators, which seem to use this mechanism as a last resort to assure reproductive capacity under adverse situations (rat); and species which for the length of the standing heat period become temporarily induced ovulators for the optimal coordination of all necessary steps to assure fertility (cattle, pig, sheep); and species in which frequent cohabitation (rat) or a single coitus after artificial insemination (sheep) assures either optimal ovulation or conception rates. Copulation might not always be essential; some of the cohabitation-related reflexes might be transmitted by olfactory, ocular, tactile and acoustic stimuli; emotions may play a role. These stimuli are transmitted to the CNS from the periphery by afferent nervous pathways, and are translated in the thalamic-hypothalamic-pituitary complex into neurohormonal phenomena, causing ovulation; or may cause, mainly by LH and/or oxytocin discharge, an acceleration or augmentation of processes involved in spontaneous ovulation. Intensive biochemical and pharmacological studies have unveiled some of the neurohormonal mechanisms involved in the hypothalamus and how these stimuli are transmitted to the pituitary or received at the ovarian level, as hormonal or neurohormonal phenomena. PMID- 810584 TI - A review of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (tick-borne typhus), its agent, and its tick vectors in the United States. PMID- 810586 TI - [Current and pathological data on heavy alpha chain disease]. PMID- 810587 TI - [Clinical statement. What is called "Mediterranean Lymphoma" at the Hospital Center of the American University in Beirut]. PMID- 810588 TI - Nonhuman primate models in cardiovascular research: analysis of the 1974 Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association. PMID- 810589 TI - A perspective of simian tuberculosis in the United States-1972. AB - Despite the availability of effective control measures, simian tuberculosis continues to be a major colony management problem. In 1972, 909 cases of simian tuberculosis were reported to the Center for Disease Control. Most of the cases (838) were in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The attack rate was higher for animals conditioned by commercial importers prior to sale (6.6%) than for animals received shortly after importation without conditioning (1.2%) . Failure to apply control measures effectively and consistently both in trade channels and at the user level is a significant factor in peptuation of the problem. PMID- 810590 TI - Y-autosome translocation in the howler monkey, Alouatta palliata. AB - Two modal diploid chromosome numbers were encountered in a population sample of howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata. The modal diploid number of males was 53, females: 54. Karyotypes prepared by G-band and C-band techniques identified a Y auto-some translocation in the males. PMID- 810591 TI - Biochemical values in the normal and hypothermic baboom Papio cynocephalus/anubis. AB - Seventeen biochemical parameters were measured in the venous and arterial blood of normal adolescent baboons (P. cynocephalus/anubis) under normothermic sedation and normothermic and hypothermic anesthesia. Statistical comparisons of the results were made between sexes and between the two temperatures under anesthesia. Six parameters differed significantly between males and females and five varied significantly between normothermia and hypothermia. Comparisons to the existing literature and the differences under hypothermia are briefly discussed. PMID- 810592 TI - Distribution and characterization of uterine pigment in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). AB - Histochemical studies performed on the uteri of non-pregnant Cebus apella revealed the hemosiderin nature of an uterine pigment. This contrasts markedly with the lipofuscin nature of a uterine pigment found in Saimri sciureus. PMID- 810593 TI - Tumor immunology for clinicians. PMID- 810594 TI - Location of a unique replication terminus and genetic evidence for partial bidirectional replication in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. PMID- 810595 TI - Crystal structure of an inhibitor and a model for inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis. PMID- 810596 TI - Structure and physico-chemical properties of bacteriophage G. III. A homogeneous DNA of molecular weight 5 times 10(8). PMID- 810597 TI - Experimental induction of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in rats. AB - Adenocarcinomas of the pancreas were experimentally induced in rats after the implantation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA). Rats were anesthetized with Nembutal, the pancreas was exposed, and a 2- to 3-mm incision was made in the "head" of the pancreas approximately 1 cm from the duodenum. Crystalline DMBA (2-3 mg) was implanted and the incision was closed with silk suture. Eight % of animals developed tumors in the pancreas from 119 to 363 days after implantation (mean, 194 days). Ten animals developed tumors in less than 180 days. The adenocarcinomas were invasive, metastasized, and had pronounced ductal cell characteristics. The light-microscopic morphology of these pancreatic tumors was presented. PMID- 810598 TI - Changes in hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid in lead-intoxicated rats. PMID- 810599 TI - Estimation of risks of irreversible, delayed toxicity. PMID- 810600 TI - Acute toxicity of substrates of the mixed function oxidase system in normal and phenobarbital-pretreated mice. PMID- 810602 TI - Dynamics of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Significance of "onion" nebenkern formation. PMID- 810601 TI - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and thiamin deficiency on liver metabolism in growing rats. PMID- 810603 TI - Mason-Pfizer monkey virus: analysis and localization of virion proteins and glycoproteins. AB - The polypeptide composition of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Six major polypeptides of molecular weights 68,000, 27,000, 20,000, 14,000, 12,000, and 10,000 were resolved regardless of the cell type (i.e., two human and two rhesus) in which the virus was grown. Protein gp68 (68,000) represented the major virus glycoprotein and protein gp20 (20,000) represented a minor glycoprotein of the virion, again regardless of the cell type of origin of the virus. Protein gp68 appears to be located on the outer surface of the viral envelope, as demonstrated by lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination of intact virions. Additional glycoproteins were shown to be virion associated; their presence depended, however, on the cell type in which the virus was propagated. PMID- 810604 TI - Morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi29 of Bacillus subtilis: cleavage and assembly of the neck appendage protein. AB - Each of the 12 neck appendages of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi29 consists of a single protein molecule with a molecular weight of about 75,000, and on the mature virion the appendages are assembled to the lower of two collars. The appendage protein is cleaved from a precursor protein, P(J), with a molecular weight of about 88,000. This cleavage is independent of neck assembly, occurring during infection by mutants that cannot synthesize the proteins of the upper and lower collars of the neck. The cleaved form of the appendage protein is efficiently complemented in vitro to particles lacking appendages. Thus, cleavage of the appendage precursor protein apparently does not occur in situ on the maturing virus. PMID- 810606 TI - Pharyngeal pseudodiverticulum in an adult. AB - Posterior perforation of the cervical portion of the esophagus may present deceptive clinical and roentgenographic pictures. In the neonate, the clinical picture resembles that of esophageal atresia; in the adult, the roentgenographic appearance may resemble Zenker diverticulum. In either instance, treatment should be no different from that employed for more commonplace esophageal perforations, namely, prompt, aggressive surgical intervention. PMID- 810605 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody. A prospective study in asymptomatic drug abusers. AB - The course of reactivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in 238 asymptomatic heroin addicts entering methadone maintenance was followed up for periods of one to four years. On initial determination, HBsAg was seen in 39.1%, anti-HBs in 10.5%, and HBsAg and anti-HBs in 9.2%; only 41.2% of persons tested had no detectable titers of either antigen or antibody. Abnormal liver function was found initially in 83% with no significant difference between those with or without HBsAg and anti-HBs. At the conclusion of each study year, 50% to 60% of persons initially HBsAg-positive reverted to negative with HBsAg absent in all persons followed up through the fourth year of treatment. Anti-HBs persisted in two thirds of persons during the entire study. These results suggest that the HBsAg carrier state in addicts is not maintained if exposure is eliminated. PMID- 810607 TI - [Two cases of macroglobulinemia associated with punched-out bone lesions and neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 810608 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative data on melanocytes in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 810609 TI - The mode of action of mycobacterial adjuvants. III. The clonal nature of antibody formation and the effect of mycobacterial adjuvant on antibody-forming cell clones. AB - Localization of 19S and 7S plaque forming cells detected by Jerne plaque technique were examined in the spleens of irradiated recipient mice transferred with a limiting number of spleen cells and SRBC. All the plaques within a single colony were homogeneous in size and appearance. This supports the clonal nature of antibody formation. An addition of a mycobacterial adjuvant, wax D, to the sensitizing antigen, SRBC, caused an increase in the number of clones (colonies) developing large plaques. It is suggested that there may be normally available competent precursors for clones developing large plaques and the precursors may specifically increase in number in the presence of the adjuvant. PMID- 810610 TI - Effects of diltiazem (CRD-401) on developed coronary collaterals in the dog. AB - The effect of diltiazem (CRD-401) on coronary collaterals was studied in the dog. The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was occluded for 4 to 6 weeks by an ameroid constrictor. In these dogs, the retrograde flow (RF) from the peripheral coronary artery and peripheral coronary pressure (PCP) were significantly higher than those in acute coronary-ligated dogs, suggesting the development of large supraepicardial intercoronary anastomoses. Diltiazem (100 mug/kg i.v.) increased circumflex blood flow (CBF) for several min, while nitroglycerin (10 mug/kg i.v.) increased CBF transiently after which CBF decreased to below control values. Diltiazem (100 mug/kg) and nitroglycerin (10 mug/kg) increased RF/MAP (mean aortic pressure) and PCP/MAP and these increases lasted longer than that of CBF. Diltiazem also increased RF in doses of 100 mug/kg or 20 mug/kg/min. Therefore, diltiazem possesses the property of dilating coronary collaterals thus causing redistribution of intramyocardial blood flow. In acute preparations, however, both diltiazem and nitroglycerin showed no significant changes in PCP/MAP and RF/MAP. PMID- 810611 TI - Variations in the frequency of fetal hemoglobin-bearing erythrocytes (F-cells) in well adults, pregnant women, and adult leukemics. AB - Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adult life is usually restricted to a few erythrocytes called F-cells. Their presence can be detected and the quantity of HbF per F-cell estimated by pericellular immunodiffusion reactions with anti-HbF. In normal adults F-cell frequency (range: 1 F-cell per 25 erythrocytes to 1 per 6800) and the mean amount of HbF per F-cell (range: approximately 14 to 28% of mean cell hemoglobin), although they are variables, remain constant over many months. Frequencies are similar in men and women. For a given individual, F-cell lifetimes are probably similar to those of other erythrocytes. F-cell production is not appreciably influenced by short term exposure to high altitude (approximately 4300 m) hypoxia. F-cell frequencies are briefly but substantially increased in many women during midpregnancy. In some women, presumptive 5- to 15 fold increases in F-cell production result in observed 3- to 7-fold increases in F-cell frequency during the 23rd to 31st weeks of gestation. These increases in F cell frequency arise from selective alterations in maternal erythropoiesis and not from transplacental bleeding from the fetus. Substantial increases in F-cell frequency also occur in most adults with acute leukemia. In both pregnancy and leukemia, F-cell contributions of HbF are sufficient to account for modest elevations found in hemolysate HbF levels. PMID- 810612 TI - Mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy): Clinical and laboratory studies in a series of 12 patients. AB - Mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy) is an autosomal recessively inherited Hurler-like disorder without mucopolysacchariduria. Previous reports have noted a constellation of laboratory features similar to that described for mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease). Studies were carried out on a series of 15 patients. Twelve were found to have changes in serum and cultured fibroblasts which consisted of marked elevations of several acid hydrolases in serum with low levels of the same enzymes in cultured cells, a marked increase in dense cytoplasmic inclusions and abnormal radioactive sulfate kinetics. The clinical features of these 12 patients comprise a phenotypic entity. Despite clinical similarity, the 3 remaining patients were not felt to represent mucolipidosis III. The basic defect in mucolipidosis III remains unknown, but is suggested that the defect is similar to that of mucolipidosis II, from which it must be distinguished clinically. PMID- 810613 TI - The Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV): Morphologic and biochemical studies. AB - The Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized clinically by dwarfism, corneal opacities, dental abnormalities, cardiopulmonary complications, normal intelligence, dysostosis multiplex with universal platyspondyly, and excessive urinary excretion of keratosulfate. The purpose of this communication is to report morphologic observations of Morquio skin and cartilage, and biochemical studies of cultured fibroblasts and cartilage derived cells. Cells of the basal and Malpighian layers of the epidermis contain large single-membrane-bound vacuoles whereas other dermal cells types are normal. Chondrocytes are packed with similar vacuoles. Preliminary studies of mucopolysaccharide (MPS) metabolism of cultured Morquio cartilage-derived cells and fibroblasts reveals excessive intracellular MPS accumulation in cartilage derived cells but only modest accumulations in fibroblasts. The Morquio syndrome appears to be a cell-type specific MPS storage disorder, and further studies to elucidate the presumed deficiency of lysosomal hydrolase(s) should be directed at tissues displaying both morphologic and metabolic abnormalities. PMID- 810614 TI - [Rifampicin treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis--effectiveness of rifampicin on tubercle bacilli in pulmonary lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 810615 TI - [Comparison between SM daily and twice weekly treatment in the regimen of SM, INH and PAS--particularly considering the degree of drug resistance-- (report 1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 810617 TI - [Treatment of patients with bronchial asthma with sodium chromoglycate]. PMID- 810618 TI - Semen evaluation in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). AB - Semen from 3 adult male capuchin monkeys (Cebus appella) was collected and evaluated, utilizing an electroejaculator and different collection media. In the first 24 samples collected, no liquid fraction was found. Procedures were then directed toward liquefying the entire coagulum by enzymes for semen evaluation. The enzyme system first utilized consisted of varying percentages of trypsin in 2.5% dextrose in half-strength lactated Ringer's solution. Because of high spermatozoan abnormalities using this mixture, a new enzyme solution was used. This solution consisted of 1% pronase in Eagle's medium, containing Earles' salts. At the end of the experiment, natural mating was allowed. The semen collected from the vagina revealed similar consistency, volume, and sperm concentration when compared with artificially collected samples. PMID- 810619 TI - Hemograms of gnotobiotic and conventional infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - Five baboons delivered by cesarean section were placed in sterile isolation and maintained in this environment for varying periods of time. Four of these neonates were inoculated at birth with viral material and used in special studies. The fifth animal was not inoculated and remained germfree for 11 1/2 mo. Hematologic observations were made on all these subjects. The animals reared in sterile isolators had stable erythrocyte values as compared with those of their conventional counterpart. Conventionally-reared baboons had higher leukocyte counts than the infants in a sterile environment, and the lymphocyte numbers of isolator-reared infants increased at a slower rate than the conventional infants. PMID- 810621 TI - Utilization of nitrogen compounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 810622 TI - Subcellular location and growth stage dependence of the DNA polymerases of Euglena gracilis. AB - The subcellular location and growth stage dependence of the DNA polymerases of Euglena gracilis strain Z and of a bleached derivative of the strain have been studied by fractionation of the enzymes from extracts of whole cells and subcellular fractions on DEAE-cellulose. A new method for the rapid isolation of nuclei was employed. Of the major enzymes, pol A has a predominantly nuclear location and pol B a predominantly cytoplasmic location. Pol A is 4-fold and pol B 15-fold more active in exponentially-growing cells than in stationary-phase cells, pol B representing 90% of the combined activities in exponential-phase cells. The activity of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase increases about 3-fold as the cells enter stationary phase while that of the chloroplast DNA polymerase is greater in exponential-phase cells. The chloroplast enzyme persists in cells which have been reversibly bleached. The results are compared to those of similar experiments involving primitive and higher eucaryotes. PMID- 810620 TI - A survey of Sarcocystis in nonhuman primates. AB - Of the 375 wild-caught Old World and New World monkeys examined in this survey, 79 (21%) were infected with Sarcocystis, while 369 laboratory-born animals were negative. Four strucutrally different types of sarcocysts were observed; 2 were probably new species. New host records were recognized for 4 species of Asian macaques, 3 Africican cercopithecids, and the New World Saimiri sciureus. PMID- 810623 TI - Biogenesis of plasmalemmal glycoproteins. Intracellular site of synthesis of mouse liver plasmalemmal 5'-nucleotidase as determined by the sub-cellular location of messenger RNA coding for 5'-nucleotidase. AB - 1. Free and membrane-bound mouse liver polyribosomes were separated by prolonged density-gradient centrifugation of the post-mitochondrial supernatant. RNA was extracted from free and membrane-bound polyribosomes and mRNA purified by oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography. 2. Antisera against purified mouse liver plasma membrane 5'-nucleotidase and moust albumin were prepared and characterized. 3. Microinjection of equivalent amounts of mRNA from free and membrane-bound liver polyribosomes into Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated by immuno precipitation and sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis a higher proportion of mRNA coding for 5'-nucleotidase and serum albumin in membrane-bound polyribosomes than free polyribosomes. 4. Although small, significant amounts of serum albumin and 5'-nucleotidase were also coded for by mRNA purified from free polyribosomes. The results suggest that in vivo, mRNA in mouse liver membrane bound polyribosomes codes for the synthesis of 17 times more 5'-nucleotidase than does the mRNA in free polyribosomes. PMID- 810616 TI - Immune reactions of platelets and their clinical significance. AB - It is recognized that blood platelets with a peculiar cell membrane which carries numerous genetically determined immunogens, but is also intricately associated with the hemostatic process not only participate in immune reactions as a passive target cell, but also as an active functional cell. Pertinent results of animal experiments and of in vivo and in vitro investigations with human blood platelets are reviewed in the attempt to elucidate the role of immune reactions of platelets in the pathogenesis of various human bleeding disorders. PMID- 810624 TI - Morphometric analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from orally fed and intravenously fed rats. PMID- 810625 TI - Hormonal steroids and sexual communication in primates. PMID- 810626 TI - Studies of human placental aromatase. PMID- 810627 TI - Rhythms and testosterone metabolism. PMID- 810628 TI - Medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Medullary thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent and unusual malignancy. Since its description 15 years ago, many new features have developed. Many biologically active compounds which are directly related to the different symptoms of the disease have been recovered from the tumors. A familial incidence is noted, and there is an increased association with other tumors and their behavior. The cell of origin is the parafollicular cell, which secretes calcitonin and is responsible for the unusual behavior of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Treatment is primiarily surgical. Four cases are presented and the syndrome reviewed. PMID- 810629 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase inducibility and ethanol preference in rats. AB - Rats selected for their high or low induction by phenobarbital of the liver soluble aldehyde dehydrogenase were subjected to an ethanol preference test. In addition, rats raised by genetic selection for their preference either to drink or to avoid an ethanol solution were treated with phenobarbital to detect a possible variation in the inducibility of aldehyde dehydrogenase in hepatic cytosol. No clear correlation could be found between aldehyde dehydrogenase inducibility and ethanol preference. Phenobarbital administration to rats genetically preferring or avoiding ethanol revealed that they had a similar response so far as aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was concerned. Animals compelled to drink a 10% ethanol solution for two weeks did not exhibit any significant increase in the activities of aldehyde and D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase. The results show that ethanol drinking is unable to induce aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of hepatic cytosol in the rat. Similarly, the inducibility of the soluble aldehyde dehydrogenase activity by phenobarbital does not seem to correlate with the alcohol preference in the rat. PMID- 810631 TI - Managing the adolescent asthmatic. PMID- 810630 TI - Seizures in adolescents. AB - The management of a patient with seizures involves proper classification, etiologic evaluation, and administration of appropriate therapy. With proper evaluation and management, control of seizures can be expected in the majority of patients. The physician must realize that an epileptic adolescent has intrinsic anxieties and faces social, educational, and vocational restrictions. Failure to deal with these psychosocial problems may result in a greater handicap to the patient than the seizures themselves. PMID- 810632 TI - Binding of hexachlorobenzene to erythrocytes: species variation. PMID- 810633 TI - Monoamine and diamine oxidase activities in uremic rats. PMID- 810635 TI - [Long-term problems in diabetes]. PMID- 810634 TI - [Observations during ambulatory therapy of functional and organic circulatory disorders with Defluina]. PMID- 810636 TI - [Current diabetology in clinical medicine and practice. Common final discussion: current problems in the long-term treatment of diabetes, 14 comprehensive questions and answers]. PMID- 810637 TI - [Increase of the betazytotropic effect of intravenous arginine administration through glibenclamide in subjects with healthy metabolism and in patients with latent and manifest diabetes]. PMID- 810638 TI - Isolation of subcellular membrane components from Tetrahymena. PMID- 810639 TI - Isolation and experimental manipulation of polytene nuclei in Drosophila. PMID- 810640 TI - Methods with insect cells in suspension culture. II. Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810641 TI - [Identification and characterization of the chemoorganotrophic denitrifying bacteria in an experimental field]. PMID- 810642 TI - [Localization and liberation of alkaline phosphatase from Pseudomonas fluorescens]. PMID- 810643 TI - Cell division in blue-green bacteria: stimulation of localized regions of peptidoglycan metabolism by ethanol. AB - D-Cycloserine was used to localize regions of active peptidoglycan metabolism as bulged, weakened areas in the lateral wall. Strain SN29 is a non-septate filamentous mutant of Agmenellum quadruplicatum and produces one to two such bulges per filament during exponential growth in the presence of D-cycloserine. The addition of ethanol to D-cycloserine inhibited filaments results in the production of many additional bulges in the lateral wall and is interpreted as evidence for the localized activation of peptidoglycan metabolism by ethanol. In the parent organism, D-cycloserine selectively inhibits cell division resulting in the formation of enlarged spindle-shaped cells. Cell separation was also affected. Chain formation was greatly reduced in septate mutants of A. quadruplicatum by growth in the presence of D-cycloserine. This was apparently due to the increase fragility of cells within the filaments. PMID- 810644 TI - Patterns of care - radiation therapy in Michigan. PMID- 810645 TI - Medical practice and multiphasic screening. PMID- 810646 TI - The anonymous administrator. A five-year experience as a medical administrator in Tasmania. AB - The task of reorganizing and modernizing Tasmanian hospital and health services during the past five years is described. It is shown that substantial improvements can be achieved, despite a lack of authority to match responsibility. The keys to achieving these improvements were: a logical development of objectives; a careful documentation of facts; a sense of timing for the introduction of new measures; the use of independent management consultants; above all, ample finance. The major problems were the anonymous nature of the work which prevented adequate consultation with those affected by the changes, and the very adverse effect on incentives caused by poorly informed community groups exerting pressure on governments. Further improvements could be achieved by the establishment of a health commission or board consisting of full and part time members responsible through a minister to Parliament. PMID- 810647 TI - Editorial: Lassa and marburg viruses. PMID- 810648 TI - [Long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Experiences with D-penicillamine in comparison with gold and immunosuppressive drugs (author's transl)]. AB - In a controlled trial including 80 patients suffering from different stages of rheumatoid arthritis it was demonstrated that D-penicillamine therapy favourably influences the clinical course of the disease as compared to a control group treated with antirheumatic drugs. Particularly the therapy continued over one year resulted in a significant fall of the joint and activity index as well as of the BSR. Side effects were observed in more than half of the cases. Renal, hematological and severe exanthematic complications forced to discontinue the administration of D-penicillamine in 6 of 41 cases. As compared to other therapeutics our study indicates that D-penicillamine and gold treatment are equivalent drugs in rheumatoid arthritis whereas immunosuppressive drugs are reserved for severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis because of their strong side effects. PMID- 810649 TI - [The significance of gold serum level determinations during chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The determinations of gold levels in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis allow an exact monitoring of chrysotherapy. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry turned out to be superior for clinical use when compared with the neutron activation analysis. Under the conventional gold therapy serum levels increase with repetitive application achieving on maintenance therapy levels, which are in some cases under the recommended levels for effective therapy. The comparison of the clinical response of prolonged gold applications and serum levels revealed for instance that recurrent acute episodes of arthritis are more often with levels of 0.5 ppm or less, than with levels of 1.0 ppm or more. To what extent high dose therapy can increase the efficiency of chrysotherapy should still be determined, it should however be considered that with increased gold levels also more adverse reactions are to be expected. The predominant indication to determine serum gold level in the case of rheumatoid arthritis is the lack of any response to gold application. The serum gold level determination allows to differentiate between insufficient dosage and total ineffectivity of gold. PMID- 810650 TI - [Peliosis hepatis, complicating treatment with anabolic steroids (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and pathological findings of peliosis hepatis are reported, complicating a long-term treatment with an anabolic steroid in a 19 year old male patient suffering from chronic aplastic anemia. Following a 15 months course of oxymetholone (Anapolon) a cholestatic jaundice developed without regression despite discontinuing the drug. 4 months later the patient expired as a consequence of his hematologic disease. At autopsy the liver showed a parenchymal type of peliosis hepatis with multiple blood filled cavities and focal liver cell necroses. The pathogenesis of this rare condition is discussed by means of literature demonstrating the hepatotoxic effect of C17-alkylated androgens. PMID- 810651 TI - [Occurence, prevention and therapy of meningococcic meningitis]. PMID- 810652 TI - [Bioavailability of different brands of phenoxymethylpenicillin (author's transl)]. AB - The bioavailability of 11 brands of phenoxymethylpenicillin was investigated in a cross-over-study in healthy volunteers. There were found some differences in the velocity of absorption, in the peaks and in the blood levels after 4 hours. The absorption rate was evaluated by comparison of area under the curve and urine recovery after oral administration of different brands. It is suggested to control each brand of oral antibiotic preparations on bioavailability. PMID- 810653 TI - [New aspects of the treatment of left ventricular failure: Nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of Nitroglycerin and its derivates in angina pectoris is well known. One of the main effects is the reduction of left ventricular filling pressure. Therefore in patients with left ventricular failure after acute myocardial infarction or with chronic coronary heart disease the indication for Nitroglycerin has to be proved. In 51 patients with 76 measurements Nitroglycerin sublingual, intravenous Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide-Dinitrate and Myocardon were investigated. All substances decreased pulmonary artery pressure especially left ventricular filling pressure. Cardiac output increased or decreased in dependence to the height of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. In the patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure with filling pressures over 20 mm Hg a significant increase in cardiac output was observed. On the contrary in patients without left ventricular failure cardiac output decreased slightly. Nitroglycerin sublingual is especially useful in the most severe form of left ventricular failure: in pulmonary oedema. 0.8 mg of Nitroglycerin 3 to 4 times in 5 to 10 minutes distance is necessary dependent on the severity of the pulmonary oedema and the height of the blood pressure. The permanent intravenous infusion of Nitroglycerin (3 to 6 mg per hour) is very efficient in the treatment of congestive failure in acute myocardial infarction. The left ventricular filling pressure decreased from 28 to 16 mm Hg with an increase in cardiac output from 3.5 to 4.01/min. The mean arterial pressure dropped about 10 mm Hg. Also with oral derivates of Nitroglycerin (Isosorbide-Dinitrate and Myocardon) an extensive decrease in left ventricular filling pressure and an increase in cardiac output has been observed in patients with left heart failure. PMID- 810654 TI - [Diverticulitis--the problem of early resection]. PMID- 810656 TI - Bacteriophage SPO1 DNA- and RNA-directed protein synthesis in vitro: comparison with in vivo control. AB - A cell free protein synthesizing system, derived from E. coli, is shown to be a quantitiative assay system for messenger RNA extracted from B. subtilis infected with bacteriophage SPO1. DNA-directed protein synthesis in this system is shown to be limited mostly to those proteins whose messages are contained in early RNA. A phage induced enzyme, dCMP deaminase, is shown to be dependent on appearance of a class mRNA made in vivo in response to new initiations of transcription dependent on prior synthesis of phage induced protein. Control of the enzyme synthesized in the cell free system is contrasted with in vivo control, and an estimate of "read-through" by RNA polymerase in vitro is presented. PMID- 810655 TI - Bacteriophage SPO1 DNA- and RNA-directed protein synthesis in vitro: the effect of TF1, a template-selective transcription inhibitor. AB - Transcription factor one (TF1), a protein synthesized after infection of B. subtilis by phage SPO1, is a specific inhibitor of SPO1 in vitro transcription. In this paper, we investigate the effect of TF1 on SPO1-specific in vitro protein synthesis, using SPO1 DNA or messenger RNA as templates. Protein syhthesis is measured by incorporation of radioactive amino acids into acid insoluble form, synthesis of a phage-specific enzymatic activity, and analysis of radioactive polypeptides by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. TF1 is shown to inhibit the DNA dependent synthesis of all SPO1 proteins which can be made in vitro, but to have no specific effect on RNA-dependent protein synthesis in vitro. PMID- 810657 TI - Lysogeny of blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum by long tailed virus. AB - Lysogeny and its induction with mitomycin C by the long tailed virus is reported. The active virus was liberated in the medium during the growth period and ability of trichomes to produce virus was not reduced by treatment with EDTA. PMID- 810658 TI - A new mutant of Bacillus subtilis altered in the initiation of chromosome replication. AB - We have isolated a new mutant of Bacillus subtilis temperature sensitive in DNA replication; its properties are those of an initiation mutant. When liquid cultures are shifted to 48 degrees DNA replication is the first macromolecular synthesis that stops, but only after synthesis of the amount of DNA predicted for the completion of one replication round. When spores of the mutant are germinated and shifted to 48 degrees at subsequent times, one round of DNA replication is observed only when the shift occurs between 60 and 100 min; earlier shifts do not allow replication to start, later shifts allow more than one replication. The DNA replicated after a shift to high temperature is enriched in markers close to the terminus. The reinitiation of DNA replication stopped by the high temperature, takes place following a shift to a permissive temperature only if protein synthesis is allowed. Examination of DNA replication following toluene treatment shows that the elongation of DNA chains is not affected at the non-permissive temperature. This mutant is shown by PBS-1 mapping to correspond to a new gene denominated dna P, which is located between the thy A and fur A genes and is distinct from all the mapped dna and rec genes of Bacillus subtilis. The mutation confers to the cells also a deficiency in the ability to be transformed, to be transfected with SPP1 phage DNA, and to survive treatment with methyl-methane sulfonate. These deficiencies, observed at the permissive temperature, are no more temperature dependent than in the parental strain. The ability to perform homologous and heterologous transduction with PBS-1 phage and the sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation or mitomycin C are normal. PMID- 810659 TI - Regulated in vitro synthesis of the enzymes of the deo operon of Escerichia coli. properties of the DNA directed system. AB - The four enzymes deoxyriboaldolase, thymidine phosporylase, deoxyribomutase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase have been synthesized in substantial amounts in a DNA-dependent in vitro system programmed with DNA containing the deo operon. The synthesis is greatly stimulated by deoxyribose-5-phosphate and cyclic AMP indicating that the deoR repressor and the catabolite activating protein (CAP) are highly active under our cell-free conditions. In contrast it has not yet been possible to observe a reproducible effect of the cytR repressor in vitro. The sequential appearance of active enzymes has confirmed the direction of transcription as being dra-tpp-drm-pup and has indicated that the four genes are transcribed into a single tetracistronic message. PMID- 810660 TI - Studies on the size of the diploid region in Bacillus subtilis merozygotes from strains carrying the trpE26 mutation. AB - Simultaneous selection of transformants for trpE26 and a second unliked marker of B. subtilis in many cases yields double heterogenotic clones. Several chromosome areas analyzed in this way were found to be involved in the diploid condition. Diploids for areas on the left hand side of trpE26 on the map (and as near as the aroB locus) are in general unstable while stable merodiploids can be obtained for areas on the right hand side of this marker (as far as the ilvA locus). Merozygotes for regions other than the "aromatic segment" are also formed by transformation of already diploid (stable and unstable) clones. Stable diploids give rise to new heterogenotes only for markers on the right hand side of trpE26. Through reversion of untransformed markers in unstable and stable diploids it was found that these clones are homodiploid for loci situated at a long distance from (or between) the areas which were involved in the transformation. This indicates that the diploid state covers a continuous segment of the chromosome, the length of which can be determined. The segregation pattern of unstable multiple merodiploids suggests that exchange of genetic material must take place between the two homologous regions. The data presented are in agreement with the hypothesis that the merodiploids possess a very long duplication on their chromosome. In the case of the stable clones this duplication is shorter. PMID- 810661 TI - X-ray- and TEM-induced mitotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster: unequal and sister-strand recombination. AB - Twin mosaic spots of dark-apricot and light-apricot ommatidia were found in the eyes of wa/wa females, of wa males, of females homozygous for In(1)sc4, wa and of attached-X females homozygous for wa. The flies were raised from larvae which had been treated with 1630 R of X-rays at the age of 48-52 hours. An additional group of wa/wa females and wa males came from larvae that had been fed with triethylene melamine (TEM) at the age of 22-24 hours. The twin spots apparently were the result of induced unequal mitotic recombination, i.e. from unequal sister-strand recombination in the males and from unequal sister-strand recombination as well as, possibly, unequal recombination between homologous strands in the females. That is, a duplication resulted in waDp wa/wa dark-apricot ommatidia and the corresponding deficiency in an adjacent area of wa/Df wa light-apricot ommatidia. In an additional experiment sister-strand mitotic recombination in the ring-X chromosome of ring-X/rod-X females heterozygous for w and wco is believed to be the cause for X-ray induced single mosaic spots that show the phenotype of the rod-X marker. PMID- 810663 TI - Isolated lesion in a ten-month-old girl. Mastocytoma. PMID- 810664 TI - Histiocytosis in children. PMID- 810662 TI - Ribosomal proteins from streptomycin-resistant and dependent mutants, and revertants from streptomycin-dependence to independence in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Streptomycin-resistant and dependent mutants were isolated from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Ribosomal proteins were analysed from six such mutants with chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose or phosphocellulose columns. An altered specific 30s ribosomal protein, 30B, could be detected in all of these mutants. Streptomycin-independent revertants were isolated from a streptomycin-dependent strain. Some of them had an altered 30s ribosomal protein, 30A, and some others had an altered 30C protein. It was shown that from the data of partial N-terminal amino acid sequences together with amino acid compositions and mobilities on two dimensional gel electrophoresis of these proteins that 30A, 30B, and 30C proteins were homologous with S5, S12 and S4 of E. coli 30s ribosomal proteins, respectively. PMID- 810665 TI - Hunter's disease with atypical cutaneous manifestations. PMID- 810666 TI - [The effect of glucose substitutes on human uric acid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Fructose, sorbitol and xylitol produce a rise in serum uric acid during intravenous injection. This is most pronounced with xylitol. The amount of increase in uric acid depends on the amount given. Irreversible decomposition of preformed adenine nucleotide in the liver is considered most important as a cause. Patients in whom there is already an impairment of the energy output on the part of the liver should not be given fructose or sorbitol and certainly not xylitol intravenously. PMID- 810667 TI - [Disorders of human pyrimidine metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Pyrimidine synthesis and its regulation are presented. Among the disorders of human pyrimidine metabolism, hereditary orotic aciduria and that produced by drugs play the principal role. A rise in renal excretion of orotic acis is also observed when ornithine transcarbamylase activity is lacking. The importance of "orotic aciduria with partial response to folic acid" in pyrimidine metabolism is still not clear. Close relationship between the formation of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides must be assumed, because both enter into the synthesis of nucleic acid, for the greatest part in approximately equimolecular amounts. Possibly 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate plays an important part. PMID- 810668 TI - [Late lysis therapy of chronic arterial occlusion. A new way to improve results (author's transl)]. AB - Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase was carried out 14 days after transcutaneous catheter recanalization in 17 patients. In 7 patients there was a disintegration of the re-occlusion and a distinct widening of the lumen of the canal created by means of the catheter. Complete removal of the thrombotic material from the vessel wall could be confirmed angiographically in 3 patients. PMID- 810669 TI - [Cardiac tamponade during parenteral feeding through a subclavian catheter (author's transl)]. AB - Among the complications of the cava catheter, cardiac perforation with subsequent cardiac tamponade is in fact the rarest but also the most serious. A perforation of the right ventricle by a cava catheter left in for 7 days is reported. The cardiac tamponade and the resulting shock syndrome could be eliminated by aspirating the fluid which had infused into the pericardial space. Subsequently, the catheter could be removed without complication. The rare but usually serious complication provides an argument for the critical indication of the cava catheter. PMID- 810670 TI - [Mycoplasma in inflammatory diseases of the resporatory tract (author's transl)]. AB - Methods for the serological and bacteriological investigation of mycoplasma and the clinical symptoms in infections with identified mycoplasma are described. The significance of mycoplasma in inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract is a matter for discussion according to present knowledge. The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in atypical pneumonias can be considered confirmed according to the availabile literature; its importance for other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, particularly for chronic bronchitis, is not yet sufficiently clear. Further specific studies are necessary with a selected, reliable series of patients under carefully defined precautions. PMID- 810671 TI - [Psychodynamic factors in some rheumatoid factor negative arthritic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 32 patients with rheumatoid factor negative diseases were investigated by depth psychology: patients with palindromic rheumatism, Reiter's disease and psoriatic arthritis. In each case a typical psychosyndrome could be found correlative with the somatic syndrome, in which the specific form of working out of aggression was at the focal point. An association of psychic factors in the etiopathogenesis of these arthritic diseases is consequently very probable. PMID- 810672 TI - [Extreme thrombocytopenia in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - A report on a 17-year-old patient with sarcoidosis who was admitted to hospital because of acute generalized tendency to hemorrhage in very severe thrombopenia. This type of thrombopenia has a high primary mortality rate unless steroids are administered in high doses in good time. If the patient survives this crisis, the prognosis for him and the sarcoidosis is good. PMID- 810673 TI - [Clinical experience in the use of Osyrol 100 and Osyrol for injection (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of 34 patients with secondary aldosteronism with a new oral and parenteral preparation (Osyrol) is reported. On the strength of the clinical results with remissions of signs of heart failure and increase in the volume of urine, reduction of body weight and raising of serum potassium, the efficacy of the preparation with good general and local tolerance is described. PMID- 810674 TI - [Issue topic: Headache. Introduction]. PMID- 810675 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in idiopathic headaches. Analysis of 1000 cases (author's transl)]. AB - According to Pearson's method (correlation coefficient) the group of improved patients is 16.88% of the expected total result (frequency of attacks regressed to 50%, 25% or 0%): for cyproheptadine, pizotifene, methysergide, methergoline, histamine, clonidine, allylpropylmalonyl urea 'p' is less than 0.001, for cinnarizine less than 0.02. For hemicrania we used cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine, pizotifene and reserpine; for cluster headache, cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, clonidine, histamine and reserpine; for tension headache, cyproheptadine; for psychogenic headache, allylpropylmalonylurea. In attacks of hemicrania or paroxysmal crises with undulant headache or persistent headache, positive statistically significant results were obtained with a combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine and caffeine. PMID- 810676 TI - [Our programmed headache medical record. Contribution to the systematic registration and processing of a larger amount of headache patients using the computer]. AB - We present a detailed anterospective inventory on headache which has been developed systematically with several alterations in the course of the experience of several years. It offers the possibility of an almost complete collection of data which can be fed directly into a computer and it appears to be a valuable aid in the training of new co-workers. Some clinical results are discussed on the basis of the inventory. PMID- 810677 TI - [Catamnestic studies of headache patients with pathological EEG (author's transl)]. AB - In 53 patients, consulting for headache of different types, a pathological EEG had been observed several years ago; at this time, a neurological or medical origin of the bio electric abnormalities could not be found. These patients (average age: 32.4 y.) were reexamined systematically after an average delay of 3 years. Generally, one observes a clear improvement or a normalization of the EEG and the clinical state. In 1/9 only of the population the EEG-abnormalities persisted. All these patients belonged to a subgroup, where certain complicating factors (cerebral-organic or general) could be specified. No brain tumour had developed meanwhile. The authors conclude: A pathological EEG in the context of headache does not obligatory indicate bad prognosis. PMID- 810678 TI - [Meteorotropy of vasomotoric cephalea]. PMID- 810679 TI - [Cerebral blood flow (measured by means of isotopes) and base-acid-equilibrium of the CSF in migraine (author's transl)]. AB - In migraine patients a considerable metabolic disturbance characterised by a decrease in bicarbonate and in increase in lactate was demonstrated during the migrainous status. Measurements of the cerebral circulation were taken by means of radioactive isotopes and showed a distinct decrease in blood supply to the entire brain during the migraine attack. Following forced hyperventilation during the attack-free interval a pathological reactivity with decreased blood flow was found in the hemisphere which had been indicated as the usual site of the migrainous pain. PMID- 810680 TI - [Statistical study in psychosomatic headache (author's transl)]. AB - Three groups of patients were compared statistically: 79 with the diagnosis "psychosomatic headache" (in the strict sense of the term), 450 others whose headache was part of another disorder (termed "symptomatic headache"), and 850 patients free from headache symptoms. The following characteristics were found for the group with psychosomatic headache: More psychosomatic diseases in the family, usually the eldest in birth rank, usually living in towns, married, two children, intellectual level about average, overweight, ego-strength with compulsive features, tendency towards oral abuse of different kinds, few other psychosomatic complaints (contrary to the group with symptomatic headache). In the discussion the authors try to demonstrate the defensive function of this selective somatisation. PMID- 810681 TI - [The headache, an initial symptom of schizophrenic diseases]. PMID- 810682 TI - [The influence of hormones on headaches in women and the associated endometrial patterns (author's transl)]. AB - Headaches appear to be a reaction to changes in either exogenous or endogenous levels. We are now investigating serum immunoglobulins in women with menstrual migraine and have found that in 22 women, 6 have low immunoglobulin A levels, all below the normal range, and 5 have high immunoglobulin M levels, above the normal range. The hereditary aspect of migraine may depend on inheriting a particular immune pattern which might cause a special sensitivity to hormone effects on blood vessels. This might account for the suppression of menstrual migraine by cortisone or large doses of progesterone. Deficiency of progesterone is unlikely to be responsible for the premenstrual syndrome as the week following menstruation is usually the time which is most often free from symptoms and at this part of the cycle there are very low levels of progesterone. The most reactive women are also the most sensitive to the side effects of drugs or hormones given to treat migraine, which makes the treatment of migraine difficult. PMID- 810683 TI - [Do brain hydrolysates potentiate the action of tricyclic antidepressive agents?]. PMID- 810684 TI - [Duties and problems of a neurological intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - The duties and problems of a neurological intensive care unit are described and illustrated by our experience with a newly built intensive care unit. Indications, technical equipment, diagnostic, therapeutic, scientific, personnel and psychological aspects are pointed out and a first survey of the patients treated. An approximately equal group of seasonal acute inflammatory diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems compares with a similar one with cerebral vascular processes. The possibility of longterm electrophysiological studies using computers and trend analysis and the particular significance of CSF pressure measurements and pharmacokinetics of the CSF as scientific aspects are emphasized. PMID- 810686 TI - [Clinical significance of changes in blood viscosity in cerebrovascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In 50 patients with encephalomalacia and 50 patients with a transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) the risk factors and viscosity of the whole blood as well as the hematocrit were determined before the start of treatment. Compared to a control group, the blood viscosity in patients with encephalomalacia was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all ranges of shearing velocity tested, in patients with TIA only at that shearing velocity which may be assumed for the area of microcirculation. This increase was related to the presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased tendency of thrombocytes and erythrocytes to aggregate. From the results obtained it was concluded that increased blood viscosity in the cerebral area of microcirculation with insufficient cerebral collateral circulation may decisively favor the development of encephalomalacia. PMID- 810687 TI - [Damage to the spinal marrow in kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - Damage to the spinal marrow by kyphoscoliosis shows a characteristic clinical syndrome: severe curvature of the vertebral column, first manifestation in the second decade or in the second half of life, at this time frequently associated with cardiac and circulatory failure, spinal symptoms often accentuated on the convex side of the scoliosis. Mechanical alteration of the spinal marrow and cardiovascular failure are considered to be pathogenetic factors. Kyphoscoliotic lesions of the bone marrow are rare and ought only to be diagnosed by exclusion. Conservative treatment consists of orthopedic measures and treatment of the heart and circulation. Operative decompression of the spine may be successful, but deterioration is possible after some years. PMID- 810688 TI - [Issue topic: Insulin, introduction]. PMID- 810685 TI - [Metabolic toxic causes of amnesic episodes (author's transl)]. AB - To analyze disorders of memory functions, observations were made in healthy test subjects after administration of psychotropic drugs and anesthetics. In isolated cases amnesic episodes were recorded and in 8 of the subjects accurate measurements of the retrograde amnesia after propanidid anesthesia were made. The observations provided arguments for the delimitation of the immediate memory (ultra-short-term memory, one minute memory) from short-term memory and long-term memory of the conventional terminology. As a result of our investigations we came to the thesis that the transformation of the non-specific biochemical and electrophysiological processes underlying the immediate memory into the specific processes underlying the short-term memory is more susceptible to disturbances than that of reproduction and the processes serving for perception. With regard to forensic assessment, it is significant that behaviour foreign to the personality could not be observed in amnesic episodes. PMID- 810689 TI - [The importance of serum insulin determination in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Various types of insulin secretion can be distinguished in diabetics by means of radioimmunological serum insulin determination: Overweight, subclinical diabetics with increased insulin response in the test, adult diabetics with evident insulin response and diabetics with absent insulin response following stimulation. The stimulation or load tests described are an oral glucose tolerance test followed by a sulphonyl urea load test, a "maximum" stimulation test and a glibenclamide glucose load test. The serum insulin response in these tests is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance to the treatment. By means of serum insulin determination the treatment of diabetes can be set on a rational biochemical basis, and decisions on possibly envisaged modifications of treatment can be facilitated and safeguarded. PMID- 810690 TI - [Insulin therapy of diabetes in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Errors in the selection and technique of treatment and in the control of metabolism may still determine the fate of a diabetic after years or decades. Guidelines and pointers to indication and initiation of insulin therapy are given, including particulars of the problems of choosing the appropriate insulin and of dosage. Importance is attached to the differing times to onset of effect of the various insulin preparations, a balanced metabolic condition can hardly be attained without taking them into account. Individual peculiarities of the metabolic process may necessitate the use of special insulin combinations. Every diabetic treated with insulin should have both knowledge and possibilities of controlling the metabolism himself. Among the indications for the use of the new, highly purified chromatographed insulins, lipoatrophic dystrophy at the injection sites has recently been particularly noted. PMID- 810691 TI - [Insulin therapy in infantile diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - The central point of the treatment of diabetic children is insulin substitution. The parents must be so widely informed that they can carry out these measures on their own responsibility under the guidance of the doctor. The parents need suitable equipment for insulin substitution. They must know the injection sites, the local side effects and the metabolic effects of the different insulin preparations. They must be able to diagnose the two most important complications- diabetic ketoacidosis and the hypoglycemic attack--and take appropriate therapeutic measures. PMID- 810692 TI - [New developments in insulin therapy of diabetic coma (author's transl)]. AB - The experiences of English teams with continuous intravenous infusion of small doses of insulin (6-10 IU/h) for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis are reported. This form of therapy is based on recent knowledge of the physiological degree of the serum insulin level (20-200 muU/ml) and the quantity required to saturate the insulin receptors. The advantages of this treatment are in the low therapeutic risk: hypopotassemia, hypoglycemia and cerebral edema, which are disadvantages of conventional therapy of diabetic coma, are avoided. PMID- 810693 TI - [Self-testing of urine in insulin treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The self-testing of urine has proved outstanding for the optimal adjustment and supervision of insulin treatment. Among the tests for determination of sugar in the urine, the Clinitest method is preferred to the enzymatic test strip method. The various possibilities for use of the self-testing of urine are shown in a 4 stage scheme. They are determined by the object of therapy and the capacity of the diabetic to co-operate. Self-testing of urine serves the following purposes: 1. prophylaxis of coma, 2. encouragement of dietary discipline, 3. a guide for the doctor, 4. self-adaptation of the insulin dosage. PMID- 810694 TI - [Operative diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy of the digestive tract (author's transl)]. AB - Operative diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy has considerably extended the sphere of activity of the gastroenterologist; it helps and forces to a more effective and less risky activity. But the essential characteristic of this method is that it helps to spare the patient discomfort and save the community expense. PMID- 810696 TI - [The symptom hemobilia (author's transl)]. AB - A 46-year-old woman with a histologically, immunoserologically and biochemically confirmed chronic destructive non-suppurative cholangitis in the stage of incipient primary biliary cirrhosis developed an erosive, hemorrhagic cholangitis of obscure etiology with massive life-threatening bleeding from the biliary tracts. Hemobilia could be diagnosed endoscopically and confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. Postoperatively the biliary tracts were washed out with Tachostyptan, Ugurol and Trasylol through a T drain. The bleeding stopped within 48 hours and has not recurred since. PMID- 810695 TI - [Disorders of glucose tolerance in 2600 histologically confirmed acute and chronic liver patients (author's transl)]. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g glucose) and the intravenous tolbutamide test were carried out. The glucose tolerance was seen to be disordered even in acute infectious hepatitis, but returning to normal when cured. If chronic hepatitis develops, however, the proportion of manifest diabetes increases to 7.2% in chronic persistent hepatitis and to 16.3% in chronic progressive hepatitis, while 30% each have latent diabetes. The glucose tolerance is most impaired in fatty liver (stage III) and in active cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension, where more than half of all patients present manifest or latent diabetes. Conversely, glucose tolerance improves even in chronic hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver as the inflammatory activity subsides. The main cause for the development of "liver diabetes" is therefore likely to be the activity of the inflammatory process, the extent of portal hypertension, disorders of glucose regulation in the liver and the increased insulin inactivation in the cirrhotic liver. PMID- 810697 TI - [Prospective clinical studies on stress ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective clinical study, 100 seriously ill patients were investigated in regard to the risk of stress ulcer. It could be shown that raised shock indices with simultaneous low hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin and serum calcium levels, as biologically measurable quantities, suggest a danger of stress ulcer. PMID- 810698 TI - [Vitamin A and stress ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - The serum level of vitamin A can be considerably raised by parenteral administration of high doses of vitamin A. It could be showed that patients who develop stress ulcer do not have vitamin A levels below the normal. With this series of isotemporal, alternating treatments we could not confirm the favorable experience of others. PMID- 810699 TI - [Practical proctology (author's transl)]. AB - Hemorrhoidal complaints are the most frequent diseases of the rectal region and form the starting point for practically all other diseases of the rectal area. Acute bleeding often first brings the patient to the doctor, who must establish the source of the hemorrhage with all diagnostic means available. Further stages of the disease are temporary or complete prolapse of the hemorrhoids, under certain circumstances even prolapse of the rectum. Anal cryptitis is the first member of a chain of inflammatory sequelae such as perianal abscess and fistular diseases. It is frequently overlooked, yet in the early stages it could easily be cut short by suitable measures. Proctology has a responsible task to fulfill in the early recognition of diseases of the rectum and malignant tumors of the colon. PMID- 810700 TI - [An acid-base blood-gas calculator (author's transl)]. AB - A prerequisite for the practical application of the blood-gas values is a calculation of the base excess with regard to the Hb and the interpretation of the acid-base status present. We have provided an aid for the rapid and practicable carrying out of calculations, based on well known nomograms and we think it gives, in principle, a simplification of the method. PMID- 810701 TI - [A new, exact photometric determination of serum potassium]. PMID- 810703 TI - [Genetic counseling in abortive forms of tuberous sclerosis]. PMID- 810702 TI - [A child is not a small adult (author's transl)]. AB - Any drug treatment must be examined separately for each age group. Physiological transitional situations such as the lowered hemoglobin value of the neonate or the knock knee and pes valgus of the infant must not be regarded as pathological, any more than nocturnal enuresis beyond the 4th year of life means emotional disturbance. Children are extraordinarily accommodating immunologically, physically and mentally. However, conclusions which appear logical from the adult point of view may lead to errors. Similar considerations hold true for the application of general theoretical perceptions of learning to infants. PMID- 810705 TI - [Epidemiological studies on pneumonia in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Environmental influences and new methods of therapy cause a change in frequency and course of pneumonia in childhood. Although there is a decrease in morbidity and mortality the disease is still a considerable strain for each infant, and the younger the patient the more severe the illness. In this statistical investigation frequency, risks and complications of the different types of pneumonia in childhood are discussed. PMID- 810704 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of metabolic abnormalities in cell cultures (author's transl)]. AB - About 40 of the genetically induced metabolic defects in humans which are known today can be diagnosed prenatally. The diagnosis of some diseases is possible from the amnionic liquor itself or from uncultivated amnion cells. But in many cases it is necessary to perform the tests for prenatal diagnosis of a biochemical defect with cultivated amnion cells. Of the numerous test procedures, 4 methods, different in principle, will be described here. They all permit a reliable prenatal diagnosis with a minimum of time and cell material. PMID- 810706 TI - [Epidemiologic appearance of echovirus type 6 infections]. PMID- 810707 TI - [Anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficiency of a biologic preparation in arthrosis. Comparative controlled study]. PMID- 810708 TI - [Criteria for the choice of a system in medicine (author's transl)]. AB - The attempt to define the choice of a system in medicine becomes lost in complex functional requirements. Experience shows that, not only in medicine, the choice of a system is usually made according to very subjective criteria. Objective "criteria" are then supposed to justify the choice. To improve this situation, in future, system investigations will have to be carried out which will enable definition and measurement of suitable variables. PMID- 810709 TI - [A hybrid system for documentation of pathological findings (author's transl)]. AB - Considerations on the theory of communication point to the importance of "redundant" data in medicine. These usually arise from texts such as catamneses, descriptions of findings etc., and escape digital data pooling and storage on organizational and financial grounds. Here, microfilm is available as an economical storage medium taking little room. Developments in recent years enable integration of automatic analog storage into digital information systems. The use of such a hybrid system in the field of pathology is described. PMID- 810710 TI - [The Vienna General Medical Information System (WAMIS)]. AB - The Vienna General Medical Information System is applied at the university clinics of the medical faculty of Vienna. The system consists of several components: 1. Program complex for the support of daily routine work, 2. documentation system, 3. Vienna laboratory system, 4. differential diagnosis and screening system, 5. medical information system, 6. medical evaluation system. The central part of the system is the patient-orientated data bank. PMID- 810711 TI - [The decentralized computer system in the Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hospital (author's transl)]. AB - A small multiprocessor system for integrated processing of medical data in a University Hospital is described. It consists of a central computer system to which, at present, two satellite computers are connected, one in the clinical chemistry area and the other in nuclear medicine. The satellite computers collect and present data while the central computer takes over the storage of data and the executive computer-bound programs. A few examples of its use are given and the characteristics of the decentralized system discussed. PMID- 810713 TI - [The Noble Prize--is it still up-to-date (author's transl)]. AB - Alfred Nobel was an original personality: inventor, cosmopolitan, pacifist. Concern for the future and belief in scientific progress provided the motive for the foundation of the Prize which, in our time, is one of the most coveted of honours. But times have changed and closer consideration shows that the award today neither corresponds to Nobel's intentions nor does it take into account the circumstances of modern sciences. These developments could not have been foreseen at the turn of the century. Attempts to actualize the Foundation meet growing criticism. PMID- 810712 TI - [Sociomedical significance and restabilization therapy of osteoporosis (author's transl)]. AB - Osteoporosis (physiological or pathological) is to be expected in about 7 million citizens of the Federal Republic. Fracture-promoting osseous atrophy, vertebral deformities limiting movement for maintenance of stability and skeletal pains due to muscular weakness and change of posture are the symptoms which frequently lead to disability. When osteoporosis turns to a disease in this way, then sodium fluoride therapy is recommended for reossification and restabilization of the bones. Prophylactically, for reduction of osteoporosis over the age of 40, light gymnastics, regular swimming and the avoidance of noxae which decrease the blood flow are to be advised. PMID- 810715 TI - Proceedings: A variation in toxicity of heavy metal compounds in different strains of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 810714 TI - Proceedings: Evaluation of the mutation spectrum induced by hycanthone in Drosophila melanogaster; mutagenicity of hycanthone analogues. PMID- 810716 TI - Proceedings: Environmental mutagens and environmental factors that can modify their action. PMID- 810717 TI - Letter: Use of iron with total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 810718 TI - Immunologic components of hypersensitivity reactions to cromolyn sodium. AB - Manifestations of cellular and humoral hypersensitivity to cromolyn sodium were sought in six asthmatic patients suspected of having acute (three cases) or subacute (three cases) adverse reactions to cromolyn inhalation. Lymphocytes from all patients produced migration inhibition factor (MIF), and those from four patients incorporated increased amounts of 3H-thymidine in response to cromolyn in vitro. Lymphocytes from four of nine cromolyn-tolerant asthmatics demonstrated increased 3H-thymidine incorporation but none showed MIF production, whereas lymphocytes from normal subjects failed to react to cromolyn in either assay. Two of three patients with subacute reactions had increased serum binding of 3H cromoglycate which was attributable to the IgG fraction. Thus although patients tolerating cromolyn therapy may demonstrate lymphocyte transformation in vitro, only those with clinically apparent adverse reactions produce lymphocyte MIF or possess serum-binding activity for the drug. PMID- 810720 TI - Superoxide dismutase in photosynthetic organisms provides an evolutionary hypothesis. PMID- 810719 TI - Medical versus surgical therapy for acute coronary insufficiency. A randomized study. AB - Forty patients with acute coronary insufficiency, including continued angina at rest and reversible ischemic electrocardiographic changes after hospitalization ("high-risk" subgroup), were randomly allotted to medical therapy or urgent surgical coronary bypass groups. In four months there were no deaths and two myocardial infarctions in 19 medical patients and one death and three myocardial infarctions in 21 surgical patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly in either group. The surgical patients had significantly higher functional capacities at four months as judged by lower symptomatic functional class (P less than 0.01), higher exercise angina threshold (P less than 0.001), higher pacing angina threshold (P less than 0.0001), and higher myocardial lactate extraction during pacing (P less than 0.0001). Initial medical management of patients with acute coronary insufficiency followed by elective coronary bypass in patients with continued disabling angina pectoris is a reasonable alternative to emergency bypass. PMID- 810721 TI - Cross-modal matching in the monkey after discrete temporal lobe lesions. PMID- 810722 TI - Taxis to a conjugation-inducing substance in the ciliate Blepharisma. PMID- 810723 TI - Biogenesis of chemotactic molecules by the arachidonate lipoxygenase system of platelets. PMID- 810724 TI - Immunity to Marek's disease induced by glutaraldehyde-treated cells of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines. PMID- 810725 TI - Isolation of 14-nm virus-like particles from mouse brain infected with scrapie agent. PMID- 810726 TI - Foetal erythropoiesis in human leukaemia. PMID- 810727 TI - Nuclease that preferentially inactivates DNA containing mismatched bases. PMID- 810728 TI - Induction of photoreceptor voltage noise in the dark in Drosophila mutant. PMID- 810729 TI - The protein gap. PMID- 810730 TI - Molecular anisotropy of the early Drosophila embryo. PMID- 810731 TI - Radioimmunoassay of bovine parathyroid hormone. AB - A radioimmunoassay of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) was developed, using guinea pig antiserum against bovine PTH and highly purified 125I-labeled bovine PTH. The 125I-labeled PTH which had been purified by antiserum against PTH had higher sensitivity than that purified by the adsorption method with microfine precipitated silica Quso G 32. An equilibrium and an unequilibrium incubation methods were used comparatively. 125I-labeled PTH was incubated at the same time, with antiserum against PTH, and a sample in the former and added after preincubation in the latter, which gave better results than the former. By the unequilibrium incubation method, the plasma PTH level was measured in nonpregnant cows infused experimentally with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and untreated pregnant cows 2 to 30 days before parturition. As a result, plasma PTH levels were raised after EDTA infusion. The plasma PTH levels in cows of the late stage of pregnancy were 1.16 +/- 0.93 ng/ml. A reciprocal relationship was observed between plasma PTH and calcium levels. It was statistically significant with an inverse correlation coefficient of -0.661 (P less than 0.001). PMID- 810732 TI - Cerebral toxicity of penicillins in relation to their hydrophobic character. AB - The neurotoxic effects of ticarcillin, methicillin, phenthicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin were studied in the conscious rabbit. During and after intravenous administration of 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg, resp., over 50 min the blood concentrations of the drugs were determined and the neurotoxicity assessed by continuous recording of the electroencephalogram. The hydrophobia of the penicillins was characterized by determination of their partition coefficients between isobutanol and buffer solution pH 7.4. The penicillins showed quite different neurotoxic properties. A close correlation (r = 0.928) was found between the neurotoxic potency of the penicillins and their partition coefficients. With increasing hydrophobia the neurotoxic potency increased in the following sequence: Ticarcillin, methicillin, oxacillin, phenethicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin. It can be concluded, therefore, that determination of the partition coefficient of a penicillin gives valuable information on the neurotoxicity to be expected. The introduction of a neurotoxicity quotient revealed that penicillins may be divided into two groups: less neurotoxic penicillins with a partition coefficient below 1.0 and highly neurotoxic penicillins with a partition coefficient above 1.0. PMID- 810734 TI - Serum MSH levels and the hypothalamic enzymes involved in the formation of MSH-RF during the estrous cycle in the rat. AB - Mitochondrial preparations from stalk median eminence of female rats were shown to contain an enzymatic system which yielded MSH-RF upon incubation with oxytocin. These enzymes were found present in the hypothalamus of rats at proestrus and estrus and absent in the other stages of the cycle. The MSH contained in plasma was also determined during the estrous cycle in the rat. Serum MSH was released on the morning of proestrus, reached a maximum value at 10.00 a.m., and remained high until 4.00 p.m. Thereafter serum MSH decreased to undetectable levels in the other stages of the cycle. MSH was released into the serum about tectable levels in the other stages of the cycle. MSH was released into the serum about 6 h before the proestrous peak of the gonadotrophin. A correlation was demonstrated between the hypothalamic enzymes responsible for the formation of both MSH-F-IF and MSH-RF and the MSH released into the serum. PMID- 810733 TI - Effect of nafenopin (SU-13,437) on liver function: influence on the hepatic transport of organic anions. AB - Rats treated with hypolipidemic agent, nafenopin (SU-13, 437) exhibit a higher plasma retention and a markedly reduced biliary excretion of organic anions, such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its dibromo analog (DPSP), indocyaninegreen (ICG), succinylsulfathiazole (SST) and polar metabolites of bilirubin and the carcinogens 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and 3,4 benzpyrene (BP), despite an increase in liver mass and a profound choleresis. However, taurocholate is not affected in this manner, which supports the idea of a transport mechanism for taurocholate that differs from that of other organic anions. A pharmacokinetic study was made for DBSP in vivo. After nafenopin treatment, primary hepatic uptake (k12) and transport from liver into bile (k23) are reduced in vivo. Infusion studies indicate that biliary transport maximum (Tm) for DBSP is also decreased although the calculated hepatic storage (S) is only moderately affected. In the isolated perfused liver, hepatic clearance and biliary excretion of BSP are reduced by two-thirds. The time course of anion transport inhibition and the hepato-biliary disposition of 14C-nafenopin suggest a direct effect of the drug. The extra liver mass induced by nafenopin appears to be hypo- or nonfunctional with respect to hepatic transport of organic anions. PMID- 810735 TI - Effects of iontophoretically-applied prolactin on unit activity of the rat brain. AB - The effects of prolactin and other hormones applied electrophoretically to 400 neurons in the brain were studied in rats under urethane anesthesia. 51 prolactinactivated neurons were distributed mainly in the nucleus dorsomedialis, the upper part of the nucleus ventromedialis, and the nucleus habenulae. 26 prolactin-inhibited neurons were diffusely distributed from the nucleus arcuatus to the zona incerta. Prolactin failed to affect the neurons of the cerebral cortex. Almost all units recorded in the preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas were not affected. About half of both prolactin-activated and -inhibited neurons were suppressed by estrogen and betamethasone but were not affected by either oxytocin or thyrotropin releasing hormone. This study affords direct evidence for the presence of prolactin-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. PMID- 810736 TI - Thyroxine inhibition of the proliferative response of the anterior pituitary to thyrotropin releasing hormone in vitro. AB - TRH increased cell proliferation in organ-cultured rat adenohypophysis. Thyroxine by itself had no effect on adenohypophysial cell proliferation in vitro but inhibited the mitogenic effect of TRH. PMID- 810738 TI - Inheritance of reading epilepsy. AB - Primary reading epilepsy was diagnosed by special electroencephalographic (EEG) studies in an adolescent youth after his first grand mal seizure. Similar studies of members in three generations of his family showed primary reading epilepsy in his first cousin and in two of his siblings. The disorder in the siblings had not been noticed by parents or teachers and probably would have remained undetected without the use of special techniques. This pedigree buttresses other reported evidence for autosomal dominant transmission of reading epilepsy. The centrencephalic EEG trait also is present in some members of this family. The possible inplications of this association are discussed. PMID- 810737 TI - Computerized transaxial tomography in the evaluation of patients with focal epilepsy. AB - Computerized transaxial tomography was carried out on 50 consecutive unselected patients referred to a neurologic practice for evaluation of focal epilepsy. Structural abnormalities were defined in 35.3 percent of these studies: porencephalic cysts in six patients, diffuse cerebral atrophy in five, cerebral hemiatrophy in three, focal cortical atrophy in two, neoplasms in two, hydrocephalus in one patient, and cerebeller hypoplasia in one. Computerized transaxial tomography is a useful outpatient procedure for evaluation and follow up of patients with focal seizure disorders. PMID- 810739 TI - Evaluation of a new nurse practitioner role in a medical clinic. PMID- 810740 TI - Laboratory climate and achievement motivation: a study between Naval and civilian hospitals. PMID- 810741 TI - The attitudes of American physicians stationed with the United States Army, Europe, in regard to alcohol and drug abuse. PMID- 810742 TI - Cost of commercially available unit dose medication versus cost of local prepackaging of unit dose medications. PMID- 810744 TI - An assessment of the behavioral scientist's role with the dying patient and the family. PMID- 810743 TI - Immediate tonsillectomy for peritonsillar abscess. PMID- 810745 TI - Managing the hypertensive patient: report of a study. PMID- 810746 TI - John Morgan, M.D. and William Alexander Hammond, M.D.: ingredients of their downfall. PMID- 810747 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of parenteral hyperalimentation in intensive therapy]. PMID- 810748 TI - [Total parenteral alimentation in pediatrics]. PMID- 810749 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of Amanita phalloides poisoning]. PMID- 810750 TI - [13 years of Australia antigen. Critical notes]. AB - The main points in the history of Australia antigen in the ten years since its discovery are summarised. Reference is made to an epidemic episode observed in a community in discussing a number of aetiopathogenetic and nosological features recently codified by official infectivology. PMID- 810751 TI - [Effects of formula diet with varying carbohydrate proportion on gut microflora in man]. AB - The effects of conventional food and of formula diet on gut microflora were tested in six healthy persons. In comparison with conventional food, the total gut microflora concentrations slightly increased during formula diet with oligosaccharides. During the periods of formula diet rich in sucrose of maltose, total flora concentrations declined. These changes of total gut microflora were especially caused by the increase and decrease of the enterococci and enterobacteria, the bacteroides showing rather small changes. The concentrations of lactobacteria, sporeforming bacilli and yeasts decreased rapidly with formula diet and did not increase again until normal food was supplied. PMID- 810752 TI - Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis; with nonosteogenic fibroma. PMID- 810753 TI - Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium in infected dental root canals at filling and their susceptibility to azidocillin and some comparable antibiotics. AB - The study was performed on 612 routine cultures of material obtained from root canals of teeth at the time of filling (r-cultures) by students at the Department of Endodontics during a continuous period of one year. Twenty-nine isolates from 27 (29.3%) of the 92 positive cultures filled the criteria of enterococci (Sherman, 1937) and had demonstrable group D-antigen. With a set of tests these isolates were identified as follows: Strep. faecalis subsp. faecalis (10), Strep. faecalis subsp. zymogenes (3), Strep. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens (8), atypical variants of Strep. faecalis (6), Strep. faecium var. faecium (1) and Strep. faecium var. durans (1). Five tests in the present study clearly differentiated Strep. faecalis from Strep. faecium i.e. fermentation of sorbitol, glycerol (anaerobic) and melezitose, tolerance to potassium tellurite (0.1%) (positive for Strep. faecalis) and production of hydrogen peroxide (positive for Strep. faecium). In the inocula 10(3) or more colony forming units of enterococci were found more often of other identified microorganisms. This means that enterococci are of special interest in studies on the influence of infection at the time of filling of root canals on the prognosis of root canal therapy. The isolates were also tested for susceptibility to azidocillin, ampicillin, penicillin-G, penicillin-V and erythromycin with the paper disc method. All the isolates were susceptible to azidocillin and ampicillin (sensitivity group I), while the majority of the isolates showed a lower susceptibility to the other three antibiotics (sensitivity group II). The significance of these findings in the choice of prophylactic antibiotic to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients with a history of rheumatic or congenital heart disease are discussed, when bacteremia from dental procedures may be expected. PMID- 810754 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in the rat. AB - Chromosomes of induced carcinomas in the oral mucosa and epidermis of rats were studied in vitro. The tumours were induced by repeated applications of one of two carcinogens: the fat-soluble 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) or the water soluble 4-nitrochinoline N-oxide (4NQO). Non-random chromosomal patterns, different for each carcinogen, were revealed, irrespective of the location of the tumour. The DMBA-induced carcinomas showed the same karyotypic deviations as those in leukemias and sarcomas induced in the rat by the same carcinogen. The 4NQO-induced carcinomas displayed chromosome features similar to those previously observed in embryonic rat tissue subjected to malignant transformation by the same agent. PMID- 810755 TI - Urokinase in experimental vitreous hemorrhage. AB - Toxicity of intravitreal urokinase was studied by injection of various doses of urokinase in primate eyes. Doses of 22,500 CTA units or less produced no toxic effects on the eye. Higher doses caused retinal degeneration, transient lens opacities, and cloudy vitreous. Urokinase was ineffective in clearing experimentally induced vitreous hemorrhage if injected as early as 24 hours after the intravitreal blood or as late as six months thereafter. PMID- 810756 TI - Some protozoan parasites of wild birds from the vicinity of Onderstepoort. AB - The protozoan parasites of wild birds from the vicinity of Onderstepoort are recorded. New host records for the Republic of South Africa are: Haemoproteus in Threskiornis aethiopicus, Francolinus swainsonii, Columba guinea and Streptopelia senegalensis; Leucocytozoon in Anas erythrorhyncha, Netta Erythrophthalma, C. guinea and Passer domesticus and Plasmodium in Numida meleagris. PMID- 810757 TI - The effect of neutralizing agents on aqueous parachlorophenol. AB - The effect of possible neutralizing agents on aqueous parachlorophenol were studied. Results indicated that saline, EDTAC, dentin, saliva, prolonged light exposure, and thermal extremes do not appreciably affect the antibacterial properties of aqueous parachlorophenol. The presence of blood and necrotic tissue demonstrated a marked inhibitory effect. PMID- 810758 TI - Parametric study of postrotatory nystagmus in normal squirrel monkeys. AB - In order to find the most consistent nystagmic parameter following rotation, 16 healthy young adult squirrel monkeys were rotated from 0 to 200 degrees/sec with 1 degrees/sec2 constant angular acceleration and then abruptly stopped. This centric horizontal rotation was performed in a dark room without the eyes being covered. Horizontal eye movement of the postrotatory nystagmic response was recorded: maximum slow and quick phase eye speeds, nystagmic duration, amplitude, number of beats, and maximum average frequencies were studied. The maximum frequency of the nystagmic beats was statistically confirmed at the least variable parameter among the seven parameters. The importance of baseline establishment in the animal nystagmus experiment was emphasized. PMID- 810759 TI - The release of antigens by Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Antigens were released in vitro human red cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum only when parasites reached a late stage of schizogony (probably at rupture of infected red cells during reinvasion). Immune complexes formed if antibody was present. Serum from immune Aotus monkeys opsonized parasite debris from artificially disrupted infected Aotus red cells. PMID- 810760 TI - Ribonucleic acid synthesis in Plasmodium knowlesi maintained both in vivo and in vitro. AB - RNA extracted from purified parasites of Plasmodium knowlesi was fractionated using agarose gel electrophoresis. Preparations from para sites grown both in vivo and in vitro contained species of RNA with sedimentation coefficients of 4 0S, 5-0S, 16-6S, 24-2S, 31-4S, 38-0S and 48-3S. There was less RNA present in parasites grown in vitro than the equivalent stage parasites grown in vivo but the proportional amounts of the various species of RNA was similar in both cases. It is suggested that the 24-2S and 16-6S species of RNA are ribosomal and that the high molecular weight 31-4S, 38-0S and 48-0S species are ribosomal precursors. Ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs throughout the cell cycle during growth from the ring to the schizont stage; maximum incorporation of [H3] adenosine occurs at the late trophozoite stage before nuclear division. PMID- 810761 TI - M protein of type 12 Strepto coccus pyogenes. Isolation by electrofocusing and some molecular weight-dependent properties. AB - A method for the isolation and purification of M protein was developed. Purified cell walls were sonically disrupted, solubilized M protein was precipitated by ammonium sulphate and then electrofocused. Both in this material and in hot acid extracts type-specific trypsin-sensitive antigens with two separately precipitating moieties were found. Evidence is adduced showing that they both belong to the M protein complex. The molecular weight of our purified M protein ranged between 400,000 and 20,000 daltons, giving a peak at 150,000 daltons. The pI of this material was found to be 5.4-5.6. There were marked differences between the behaviour of the low, medium and high molecular weight fractions obtained from purified M protein by gel filtration. PMID- 810763 TI - [Determination of thyroxine in the plasma of experimental animals by the competitive protein binding method]. PMID- 810762 TI - [Endogenic regulators of thrombocytopoiesis (literature survey)]. PMID- 810764 TI - Essential amino acids in the treatment of advanced uremia: twenty-two months' experience in a 5-year-old girl. AB - The value of conservative treatment in a case of chronic advanced renal failure was investigated in a 5-year-old girl with congenital hypoplastic kidneys. Before treatment the patient was severely anorexic and her plasma urea nitrogen was 180 mg/100 ml. Protein restriction alone was fruitless. After a transitional period on total parenteral therapy the patient was put on a maintenance oral diet, where an energy-rich diet was supplemented with essential amino acids including histidine. Plasma urea nitrogen dropped and stayed at about 50 mg/100 ml during the whole treatment in spite of a rising plasma creatinine from 10 to 24 mg/100 ml. The general condition of the patient normalized as she went into an anabolic state with weight gain and growth in height. The nitrogen balance studied in two different periods was positive. An acute attack of pancreatitis, secondary to hyperparathyroidism, ended the patient's life after 22 months of treatment. PMID- 810765 TI - The effect of cromolyn sodium on exercise-induced bronchospasm using a free running system. AB - This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of comolyn sodium in modifying exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Twenty children and adolescents with EIB were given either cromolyn or placebo in a prerandomized double-blind fashion. They then performed a free running maneuver. Pulmonary function tests were obtained before and after this exercise. Patients returned one week later to repeat the same precedure. This time subjects took placebo if they had previously taken cromolyn and vice versa. Significant beneficial effects of cromolyn were noted in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second measurements but not in forced expiratory fhis suggests that larger airway disease is preferentially helped by cromolyn when subjects are stressed maximally as with a free running system. Subjects who received placebo on study day 1 and cromolyn on study day 2 showed the most striking benefit from cromolyn. This may be related to the better baseline status of subjects on day 2 as well as to familiarity with the procedure and medication. PMID- 810767 TI - Suppression of exercise-induced asthma by salbutamol, theophylline, atropine, cromolyn, and placebo in a group of asthmatic children. AB - A number of drugs are known to inhibit exercise-induced asthma (EIA), but the results in some cases have been difficult to interpret due to the techniques employed. A comparative study was carried out in a group of children to investigate the effects of salbutamol, choline theophyllinate, cromolyn sodium, atropine, and placebo. The exercise test took the form of six minutes of standardized treadmill running. All the drugs, but not the placebo, were able to inhibit EIA ti a significant degree, the effect being most marked with salbutamol. Cromolyn sodium caused no bronchodilatation at rest, while all the other drugs were brondhocilators, the effect being most marked with the atropine during exercise. It was impossible to distinguish the type of drug used for inhibition of EIA if it caused bronchodilatation at rest. The manner in which an exercise test can be used to investigate the duration of action or site of action of drugs is noted. PMID- 810766 TI - Modification of cycloergometer-induced bronchospasm with cromolyn sodium. AB - Cycloergometer exercise-induced bronchospasm was significantly diminished by pretreatment with sodium cromolyn. This effect was most pronounced in the large airways as manifested by changes in forced expiratory volume in one second. PMID- 810768 TI - Application of challenge methods to the evaluation of new drugs. AB - Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), as opposed to asthma precipitated by exercise, is a valuable laboratory tool in the study of the newer pharmacologic agents being developed for asthma therapy. EIB is uniquely suited for the screening of agents with cromolyn-sodium-like activity prior to extended clinical drug studies in large patient populations. To be used meaningfully, the challenge technique must be subjected to rigorous controls, standardization, and evaluation is preselected patient populations. Because of the inherent variability of the method, careful study design and the use of double-blind statistical controls are necessary to minimize misleading placebo effects. PMID- 810769 TI - Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and autopsy data for bald eagles, 1971-72. AB - Thirty-seven bald eagles found sick or dead in 18 States during 1971-72 were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). DDE and PCB's were detected in all bald eagle carcasses; 30 carcasses contained DDD and 28 contained dieldrin. Four eagles contained possibly lethal levels of dieldrin and nine eagles had been poisoned by thallium. Autopsies revealed that illegal shooting was the most common cause of mortality. Since 1964 when data were first collected, 8 of the 17 eagles obtained from Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida possibly died from dieldrin poisoning; all four specimens from Maryland and Virginia were from the Chesapeake Bay Tidewater area. PMID- 810770 TI - Chlorinated pesticides and polychorinated biphenyls in marine species, Oregon/Washington Coast, 1972. AB - Concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were determined in three offshore marine species from the Oregon/Washington coast: pink shrimp, euphausiids, and flatfish; five species of bivalve mollusks from five estuaries along the Oregon coast; several fish species from the Coos Bay and Columbia River estuaries; and a summer run of steelhead from the Rogue River. The compounds p,p'-DDE and PCB's were detected most frequently. Euphausiids and pink shrimp contained approximately 2 ppb (mug/kg) wet-weight DDE and 8 and 25 ppb PCB's, respectively. Offshore flatfish contained an average of 9 ppb DDE and 29 ppb PCB's. DDE residues in estuarine mollusks approximated 0.5 ppb. PCB levels were not detectable (greater than 3 ppb) except in collections from the mouth of the Columbia River where the levels averaged 400 ppb PCB's and 17 ppb DDT. Selected Columbia River where levels averaged 400 ppb PCB's and 17 ppb DDT. Selected Columbia River fish species contained 38 ppb DDE and 480 ppb PCB's; summer-run steel-head in the Rogue River contained 97 ppb DDE and 125 ppb PCB's. PCB chromatograms of most euphausiids closely resembled those of Aroclor 1254. Chromatograms of shrimp and flatfish indicated selective metabolism of two compounds in the Aroclor 1254 formulation. Biphenyls of higher chlorine content were also detected in the shrimp and flatfish. PMID- 810771 TI - Baseline concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT in Lake Michigan fish, 1971. AB - Responding to the recommendations of the Lake Michigan Interstate Pesticide Committee, the author aimed to establish baseline baseline data on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and DDT in Lake Michigan fish in 1971. Because the past 2 years had witnessed unprecedented legislative action to protect food resources and other aquatic species near the top of the food chain from persistent hazardous chemicals, the author also attempted to gauge the impact of cooperative legislative action on the quality of large lakes. Thirteen species of fish taken from 14 regions of Lake Michigan in the fall of 1971 were analyzed for PCB's and DDT analogs. Mean wet-weight concentrations of PCB's similar to Aroclor 1254 ranged from 2.7 ppm in rainbow smelt to 15 ppm in lake trout. Most trout and salmon longer than 12 inches contained PCB's at concentrations greater than the tolerance level of 5 ppm established by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Mean concentrations of total DDT ranged from less than 1 ppm in suckers to approximately 16 ppm in large lake trout. The presence of the major chlorinated hydrocarbons was confirmed by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; additional PCB confirmations were obtained through perchlorination. The most abundant PCB's were tetra, penta-, hexa-, and hepatchlorobiphenyls which are similar to commercially prepared Aroclor 1254; lesser chlorinated PCB's were present in fish from nearshore waters. PMID- 810772 TI - Stimulation of 45Ca efflux from smooth muscle cells by metabolic inhibition and high K depolarization. AB - The characteristics of the extracellular and cellular calcium exchange in taenia coli have been studied by efflux experiments under different experimental conditions. The exchange of extracellularly bound calcium is accelerated by the presence of calcium in the external solution. If a Ca-free solution is used as washing solution, the slowly exchanging extracellular calcium also contributes appreciably to the later phase of the Ca efflux and obscures the changes of the cellular calcium exchange. There is no evidence for a Ca-Ca exchange diffusion. Most of the 45Ca bound at extracellular binding sites can be released by a 10 min exposure to 2 mM EGTA or to 10 mM La3+. This La concentration moreover largely inhibits the release of 45Ca from the cellular compartment by metabolic depletion. A release of cellular 45Ca can be induced by metabolic depletion or by K depolarization. Both procedures probably act at the same sequestering sites. However, while DNP + IAAa cts in the absence of external Ca, it is observed that K depolarization can only cause a Ca release if external Ca can enter the cells. PMID- 810774 TI - [Experience with intraoperative irradiation for progressive carcinoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 810775 TI - [Prognosis of patients preoperatively irradiated for progressive gastric cancer. Prognosis of patients preoperatively irradiated with the betatron electron beam for progressive gastric cancer with main lesions in the antrum and the lower portion of the body of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 810773 TI - Active and passive Ca2+ fluxes across cell membranes of the guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - The exchange of Ca between the extracellular fluid and the cellular compartment has been investigated in smooth muscle cells of taenia coli. It was found that during the initial phase of metabolic depletion by DNP + IAA, the net inwards flux of Ca amounts to 0.02 pmol cm(-2)-sec(-1). This increase might be proportional to the physiological calcium leak. The study of the relation between the inwardly directed Na gradient and the cellular Ca content has revealed that this Na gradient exerts no effect during prolonged exposure to K-free solution and a very limited effect during exposure to Na-deficient solutions. The cellular 45Ca release induced by metabolic inhibition is not affected by substituting Li or choline for Na. The supplementary calcium which enters the cells during exposure to a solution at low temperature is extruded on returning to a solution at 35 degrees C, even if the Na gradient is reversed. This finding and the effects of metabolic inhibition indicate that Ca extrusion in smooth muscle cells is a process which depends on metabolism and which is not affected by the inwardly directed Na gradient. PMID- 810776 TI - A computer system for optimization of treatment planning in radiotherapy. The visual optimization by man-machine interaction. PMID- 810777 TI - Thermal denaturation of B. subtilis DNA in H2O and D2O observed by electron microscopy. AB - In the present work we studied the initial part of thermal denaturation curves of B. subtilis DNA in normal and heavy water, observing, by electron microscopy, the "opening" of DNA as a function of temperature. The results support the hypothesis that D(2)O plays a stabilizing role on strands separation during thermal denaturation of DNA. PMID- 810778 TI - [12 years of Melphalan therapy in a case of Igu-lambda plasmacytoma and resulting therapeutic suggestions]. PMID- 810779 TI - [Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk]. PMID- 810780 TI - [Multiple forms of monoamine oxidase (author's transl)]. PMID- 810781 TI - Using the urinary catheter and other devices. AB - In diagnosing and managing urinary tract disease, instrumentation should be used only when absolutely necessary. The catheter is probably the urologic instrument most widely used by nonurologists. It can be used to relieve urinary retention, calibrate the urethra, search for obstruction, obtain urine for study, and instill medication into the urethra or bladder. If a catheter cannot be passed because of stricture, passage of a filiform may be attempted. In severe stricture, suprapubic puncture catheterization may be necessary, followed by further instrumentation. Urinary flow rate determinations should be made on all patients given physical examinations. This can be easily done by having the patient void into a plastic cup with a 7/32-inch hole punched in the bottom. If urine does not collect in the cup, the patient has a poor flow rate. A stopwatch may also be used for flow rate determination. Results of cystography, cystometry, and urethral profile studies add to the physician's diagnostic capability in dealing with lower urinary tract disease. PMID- 810783 TI - [Beclomethasone dipropionate in long-term corticoid therapy]. PMID- 810782 TI - A method of determining daily nitrogen requirements. PMID- 810784 TI - Destruction of Salmonella on poultry meat with lysozyme, EDTA, x-ray, microwave and chlorine. AB - Lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, chlorine, x-irradiation and microwaves were used in experimental attempts to eliminate Salmonella senftenberg 775W or Salmonella typhimurium from turkey drumsticks and whole carcasses. Turkey drumsticks or whole carcasses were artificially contaminated with S. senftenberg 775W or S. typhimurium in concentrations ranging between 5 X 10(5) to 8 X 10(5) viable cells per ml. of contaminating fluid. After each treatment, samples were cultured, plated, and tested according to standard methods to determine the susceptibility of Salmonella organisms to the particular treatment. A 0.1 percent solution of lysozyme eliminated the S. senftenberg 775W at 22 degrees C. within three hours. A 0.5 percent solution of ethlenediaminetetracetic acid failed to destroy the test organism under the same conditions. Eighty thousand rads of X ray eliminated the test organism on turkey drumsticks but failed to remove it from whole turkey carcasses. Microwaves eliminated the S. senftenberg 775W in 150 seconds from turkey drumsticks and ten minutes from broiler chicken carcasses. Aqueous solutions containing 3400 and 2125 p.p.m. chlorine failed to destroy the test organism on turkey drumsticks at 21 degrees C. in 9 and 24 hours. None of the treatments changed the appearance of the skin or meat, except microwaves produced a partially-cooked appearance. Chlorine produced off-color drumsticks. PMID- 810785 TI - Toxicity of certain polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls on reproductive efficiency of caged chickens. AB - The biphenyls tested with caged White Leghorn pullets were polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) Aroclors 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1016 and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) PBP-6 at the 5, 10 and 20 p.p.m. levels. These pollutants exerted no adverse effects on egg production, egg weight, egg shell thickness, feed consumption, adult body weight changes, livability and fertility after 8 weeks of biphenyl feeding, irrespective of biphenyl level or compound. Hatchability of fertile eggs as a result of biphenyl feeding was significantly affected by 10 or 20 p.p.m. and by three PCB compounds (Aroclors 1232, 1242, 1248). The hatchability (%) of eggs laid by pullets fed 10 and 20 p.p.m. declined to 78 and 45, respectively, for Aroclor 1232, 48 and 5 for Aroclor 1242 and 40 and 5 for Aroclor 1248 after 6 weeks of biphenyl feeding, as compared with 90 for the control group. The most common embryonic abnormality was edema in the neck and rump areas. Biphenyl supplementation in the maternal diet also caused a shift in the peak pattern of embryonic death. Progeny growth as a result of biphenyl in the maternal diet was significantly depressed by 10 or 20 p.p.m. and by Aroclors 1242 and 1248. The level of the three PCBs found to be toxic to chickens appears to lie somewhere between 5 and 10 p.p.m. PMID- 810786 TI - Interaction of aflatoxin and paratyphoid infections in broiler chickens. AB - There was a significant (P less than 0.05) interaction resulting in increased mortality in chickens fed aflatoxin and infected with Salmonella worthington, S. thompson, S. derby, or S. typhimurium var. copenhagen which cause paratyphoid. There was no interaction on body weight or spleen weight; however, there wan an interaction with all four Salmonella species resulting in enlarged livers from which Salmonella could be isolated with increased frequency. Aflatoxin caused a decrease in total serum proteins but a dramatic increase in anti-Salmonella agglutinins in infected birds. These results suggest that aflatoxin impairs some component of the immune system other than that forming humoral antibodies and perhaps other than the reticuloendothelial system which have been reported previously to be impaired during aflatoxicosis in the chicken. PMID- 810787 TI - Antibiotic dipping studies in relation to uptake, embryonic development and Arizona hinshawii recoveries from turkey hatching eggs. AB - Antibiotic dipping with gentamicin sulfate by means of the temperature differential method was effective in reducing but not completely eliminating Arizona hinshawii (7:1, 7, 8) from artificially infected turkey hatching eggs. Embryonic development was well maintained. The antibiotic dip solution intake was variable from egg to egg. Removal of cuticle by means of either 0.2 N HCl or a 10% disodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid enhanced egg weight gains and maintained good embryonic development. Complete elimination of A. hinshawii was achieved in one experiment out of four. Correlation studies between egg weight gains and gentamicin concentrations of the contents of the turkey hatching eggs indicated a statistically significant relationship between these two parameters. PMID- 810789 TI - [In-vitro potentiation of the anti-tuberculous effects of rifampicin and ethionamide by 4,4-diamino-diphenylsulphone (author's transl)]. PMID- 810788 TI - The painful ankle. PMID- 810791 TI - [Characteristics of chromosomal complexes in patients with narrow-band (monoclonal) gammapathies (literature survey)]. PMID- 810790 TI - [In-vitro study of the effects of 4,4-diamino-diphenylsulphone in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin (author's transl)]. PMID- 810792 TI - [L-forms in the urine of patients with renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 810793 TI - [Action of mycobacteriophages in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 810794 TI - [Effect of mycobacteriophages on the course of experimental tuberculosis in albino mice]. PMID- 810795 TI - Heme biosynthesis in bacterium-protozoon symbioses: enzymic defects in host hemoflagellates and complemental role of their intracellular symbiotes. AB - Heme biosynthetic activity in the symbiotic association involving crithidial flagellates and intracellular bacteroids was studied by enzymic, nutritional, and isotope incorporation experiments. Component organisms and their complexes in this association were analyzed separately to determine the underlying cause of the hemin requirement of hemoflagellates and the role of symbiotes in sparing this requirement of two crithidial species. Nutritional study of symbiote-free flagellates showed that their growth requires at least 0.1 mug/ml of hemin, which can be substituted by protoporphyrin IX, but not by the porphyrin precursors, delta-amino-levulinic acid or porphobilinogen. These flagellates, in the presence of protoporphyrin IX, incorporated 59Fe into heme, indicating that they possess ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1), the terminal enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which catalyzes the insertion of iron into protoporphyrin IX. In symbiote-containing flagellates serially cultured in a defined medium free of tetrapyrrole compounds, heme and porphyrins can be detected by a fluorophotometric method, indicative of heme biosynthesis. Study of [14C]glycine incorporation into heme showed that the rate is much higher in symbiote containing flagellates than in those without symbiotes. Microassay of uroporphyrinogen I synthase [EC 4.3.1.8; porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing)] revealed that the specific activity is high in symbiote containing flagellates and higher still in isolated symbiotes, but essentially negligible in symbiote-free organisms. It is concluded that the bacterial symbiotes augment a very limited heme biosynthetic capacity of host flagellates by supplying uroporphyrinogen I synthase and perhaps other enzymes preceding ferrochelatase in the heme biosynthetic chain. PMID- 810796 TI - Effect of insect hormones on RNA polymerases of mass-isolated imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster cultured in vitro. AB - Four chromatographically separable DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) were partially purified from imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Their properties are similar to those described for RNA polymerases I and II isolated from other eukaryotes. In vitro incubation of discs with beta-ecdysone, juvenile hormone, or cycloheximide resulted in increased activity of RNA polymerase I. The increase was irreversible with beta-ecdysone incubation and removal but reversible with juvenile hormone incubation and removal. With beta-ecdysone, the rate of the increase in polymerase I activity paralleled the kinetics of ecdysone binding to discs and increases in the rate of precursor incorporation into RNA. A model to explain the increased acticity of RNA polymerase I is presented. PMID- 810797 TI - Acetylation of prostaglandin synthase by aspirin. AB - When microsomes of sheep or bovine seminal vesicles are incubated with [acetyl 3H]aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid), 200 Ci/mol, we observe acetylation of a single protein, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein has a molecular weight of 85,000 and corresponds to a similar acetylated protein found in the particulate fraction of aspirin-treated human platelets. The aspirin-mediated acetylation reaction proceeds with the same time course and at the same concentration as does the inhibition of prostaglandin synthase (cyclo-oxygenase) (EC 1.14.99.1; 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, hydrogen donor:oxygen oxidoreductase) by the drug. At 100 muM aspirin, 50% inhibition of prostaglandin synthase and 50% of maximal acetylation are observed after 15 min at 37 degrees. Furthermore, the substrate for cyclo-oxygenase, arachidonic acid, inhibits protein acetylation by aspirin at concentrations (50% inhibition at 10 30 muM) which correlate with the Michaelis constant of arachidonic acid as a substrate for cyclooxygenase. Arachidonic acid analogues and indomethacin inhibit the acetylation reaction in proportion to their effectiveness as cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. The results suggest that aspirin acts as an active-site acetylating agent for the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. This action of aspirin may account for its anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet action. PMID- 810798 TI - Differential sub-cellular compartmentalization of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (LRH) in hypothalamic tissue. AB - Homogenates of male rat hypothalami were fractionated by differential centrifugation. Of the total quantity of TRH and LRH in the homogenate, about 50% was in particles sedimenting at 11,500 X g. and 15-20% was in particles sedimenting between 20,000 and 105,000 X g. No LRH or TRH was recovered in the 105,000 X g supernatant fluid. When the 900 X g supernatant fluid was subjected to continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, TRH-containing particles distributed as two peaks located at 0.9 and 1.1 M sucrose. On the other hand, LRH containing particles distributed as only one peak located at 1.2 M sucrose. The 11,500 X g pellet contained those particles comprising the 1.2 M peak of LRH and the 1.1 M peak of TRH. Acid phosphatase activity was found in the gradient fractions containing TRH and LRH, whereas NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were separated from the peaks of TRH and LRH. Norepinephrine, dopamine, and TRH distributed identically on the gradient. Hypo osmotic treatment changed the gradient profile of TRH but not that of LRH. Most of the TRH was found near the top of the gradient, but a small amount of TRH was associated with particles which were lighter than those previously noted. The peak of LRH was reduced but its location on the gradient was unchanged. It is concluded that in hypothalamic homogenates TRH and LRH are localized in synaptosome-like particles which have different physical properties. PMID- 810799 TI - Electron microscopy of meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster females: II. The recombination nodule--a recombination-associated structure at pachytene? AB - The recombination nodule is a transient structure present during pachytene in intimate association with the synaptonemal complex. The total numbers of these structures per nucleus and their locations along the bivalents correspond to the total numbers and distributions of genetic exchanges. It is suggested that this structure may be involved in the recombination process. PMID- 810800 TI - Dynamics of a protein matrix revealed by fluorescence quenching. AB - The fluorescence of the supposedly buried tryptophan in ribonuclease T1 has been found to be collisionally quenched by acrylamide with a rate constant of 3 X 10(8) M--1 sec--1. Only a slight decrease in the quenching rate is observed upon a 5-fold increase in the viscosity of the solution. For this to be the case, the diffusion of the quencher must be limited by the protein matrix. To explain the process of diffusion through this complex material, the formation of "holes" in the lattice of a protein due to nanosecond fluctuations must be invoked. Thus, the dynamic character of a protein molecule is revealed. The quenching rate constant has an activation energy of 9 kcal/mol which can be used to characterize the nature of the cohesive forces in the microenvironment about the indole ring. The mechanical properties of a portion of a protein matrix can, therefore, be described as one would for a fluid. PMID- 810801 TI - Subunit structure of a naturally occurring chromatin lacking histones F1 and F3. AB - Macronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis contain at least five classes of histones, including two with properties like those of histones F3 and F1 of higher eukaryotes. Micronuclei isolated under identical conditions contain little or no detectable F3 or F1. Digestion of both macronuclei and micronuclei with staphylococcal nuclease results in DNA fragments of discrete sizes. The electrophoretic mobilities of the larger fragments suggest that they are oligomers of the smallest ones. These results indicate that the periodic subunit structure observed in the chromatin of higher organisms also occurs in protozoans, and that this structure does not depend on the presence of either histone F1 or F3, even in an organism which has the genetic information for synthesizing these proteins. PMID- 810802 TI - Parallel changes in puffing activity and patterns of protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila. AB - The changes in protein synthesis of salivary glands of Drosophila resulting from a brief exposure at 37 degrees have been analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate- acrylamide gels. In D. melanogaster and D. hydei this treatment induces nine and six new puffs, respectively, in the polytene chromosomes. After 20 min treatment seven new proteins are synthesized by the glands of D. melanogaster and six by those of D. hydei as detected by [35S]methionine labeling. Other agents, e.g., recovery from anaerobiosis, induce the same puffs and the same proteins. The extent of protein induction and the degree of puff induction are related to the severity of the temperature treatment. The new proteins are detected after 10 min treatmene at 37 degrees and their synthesis is inhibited by actinomycin D. Actinomycin D added 5 min after the start of temperature treatment has little effect on subsequent protein synthesis. The induced proteins are not tissue specific. Electrophoretic differences of two proteins exist between D. melanogaster and D. simulans, encouraging attempts to map the proteins' gene loci and to test directly whether or not the puffs code for them. PMID- 810803 TI - Constancy of amino-terminal amino-acid sequences of antibodies of defined specificity and shared idiotype from individual inbred mice. AB - Amino-terminal amino-acid sequences were determined for the heavy (H) chains of anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies with shared idiotype, isolated from nine individual A/J mice. Mice chosen for investigation were those producing high titers of antibody with the cross-reactive idiotype. The antibodies were further enriched for the idiotype by isoelectric focusing. The H chains are largely or entirely unblocked at the N-terminus and appear by sequence analysis to be greatly restricted in heterogeneity. All N-terminal sequences were found to be identical. The results suggest that the framework (nonhypervariable) sequence is determined by a germ line gene and is not influenced by somatic processes. PMID- 810804 TI - Competitive protein binding assay for methotrexate. AB - A competitive protein binding assay has been developed for methotrexate based on the tight binding of this drug to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase (= tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.5.1.3). Free drug may be separated from that bound to reductase by adsorption with dextran--albumin coated charcoal. Scatchard plot analysis of the enzyme--drug interaction confirmed the presence of a single homogeneous class of binding sites with an association constant Ka of 2.1 X 10(8) M-1. This high affinity binding permits detection of methotrexate in the range of 0.3--30 pmol with a coefficient of variation of 15% or less. The predominant circulating folate, 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, and the clinically useful rescue agent leucovorin (5-formyl tetrahydropteroyl-glutamic acid) do not interfere with the assay, nor does the methotrexate metabolite 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-methylpteroic acid. Assay of clinical samples, including plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, showed close agreement between the previously described enzyme inhibition assay and the more rapid competitive binding method. PMID- 810805 TI - Central noradrenergic regulation of cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability. AB - Anatomical studies employing the immunofluorescence localization of dopamine-beta hydroxylase [= dopamine beta-monooxygenase; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.17.1] have demonstrated in brain central noradrenergic nerve fibers on small intraparenchymal blood vessels, including capillaries. This system is distinct from the peripheral noradrenergic system inervating the large extraparenchymal blood vessels. From these anatomical findings evolved the working hypothesis that the central noradrenergic system is analogous to the peripheral sympathetic system except that it is specialized for performing specific functions related to the brain microvasculature. To test this hypothesis cerebral blood flow and the brain vascular permeability of water (H215O) were measured in four adult rhesus monkeys (three with bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomies) with stereotaxically placed cannulae permanently located in the lateral ventricles and the locus coeruleus for the injection of drugs. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of the noradrenergic cell bodies in the locus coeruleus with carbachol (8 mug) produces a prompt reduction in hemispheric cerebral blood flow and an increase in brain vascular permeability of water. The intraventricular administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine (25--50 mug) has the opposite effect. These preliminary data support the hypothesis that the central noradrenergic system is analogous to the peripheral sympathetic system with the special function of regulating brain vascular permeability as well as blood flow. PMID- 810806 TI - Some effects of an oral contraceptive on dietary carbohydrate-lipid interrelations in the baboon. PMID- 810807 TI - Experimental intestinal granulomas. PMID- 810808 TI - Lysosomal dysfunction in colonic submucosal macrophages of rhesus monkeys caused by degraded iota carrageenan. AB - Administration of a degraded iota carrageenan in drinking water to rhesus monkeys resulted in storage of carrageenan in colonic submucosal macrophage lysosomes that persisted even after prolonged recovery. This storage was accompanied by alterations in lysosomal function (appearance of cytoplasmic acid phosphatase, failure of HRP laden endocytic vesicles to fuse with the carrageenan laden lysosomes). Macrophage necrosis and leukocytic infiltration were also observed. Administration of a native (HMR) carrageenan caused no alterations in colonic submucosal macrophages, nor was any storage of HMR observed. PMID- 810809 TI - Urinary metabolites of 2, 5, 2', 5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the nonhuman primate. AB - The metabolism of 2, 5, 2', 5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) in nonhuman primates was found to be different from that previously reported in lower species. Monohydroxy TCB (I), the only metabolite in the ether extracts of rat urine, is a minor metabolite in the urine of nonhuman primates. The two major metabolites identified in the urine were dihydroxy TCB (II) and trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4 dihydroxy TCB (III). A second minor metabolite was identified as hydroxy-3,4 dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy TCB (IV). None of the above mentioned metabolites have been reported in primates and only I and III have been identified in lower animals. It is concluded that a likely mechanism for metabolism of TCB in primates is through arene oxide intermediates. This observation is of particular importance in that these types of intermediates are known to alkylate cellular components causing carcinogenic, mutagenic, necrogenic and teratogenic effects. PMID- 810810 TI - Some properties of an established fish cell line from the marine fish, Caranx mate (Omaka). AB - A monolayer culture of fibroblast-like cells was initiated and established from a trypsin digest of Omaka fish larvae (Caranx mate). The cell culture has been subcultured 105 times over a period of 30 mo and appears to be contact-inhibited. The Omaka cells grew optimally at 27 degrees in Eagle's basal medium plus 10% fetal calf serum but failed to grow at 16 and 37 degrees. At the lower temperature the cells remained viable and began to divide when the temperature was raised to 27 degrees. Unlike certain marine fish cell lines the Omaka cell did not require a higher osmolarity medium for optimal growth. Karyological analysis at the 43rd passage revealed a chromosomal modal number of 50 consisting of 7 submetacentric pairs and 18 acrocentric pairs of chromosomes. Virological studies indicated that Omaka cells supported the replication of poikilothermic viruses such as, FV-3 and IPN viruses, but not the mammalian viruses examined. Attempts to induce interferon by the synthetic polynucleotide poly I:C were unsuccessful. PMID- 810811 TI - Initiation-promotion skin carcinogenesis and immunological competence. AB - The immune competence of mice during initiation-promotion skin carcinogenesis was determined by skin allograft rejection and lymphocyte mitogenesis. The carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene inhibited the cellular immune competence of mice while lymphocytes from croton oil treated mice had enhanced PWM response. Chlorphenesin, a stimulator of cellular immunity, was found to inhibit tumorigenesis in initiation-promotion skin carcinogenesis when injected during promotion. PMID- 810812 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): DOPA potentiation and biogenic amine studies. AB - The present study in mice demonstrated the TRH when administered over 5 days remained active in the Everett Dopamine Potentiation Test. No evidence of tolerance was observed. In fact, an accumulative effect of TRH appeared to take place. Ablation of the adrenals, ovaries, testes, pineal, spleen, parathyroid, one kidney, or thymus did disrupt this behavioral potentiation of dopamine by TRH. TRH was found to potentiate the effects of imipramine. T3, T4, and TSH were found to be active in the DOPA potentiating test. No overt toxicity was observed between TRH and pargyline or between TRH and DOPA. Toxicity was seen only when all three agents were used together. TRH was found active in young and old mice. TRH was also found active in potentiating the central effects of serotonin. Biogenic amine brain levels in mice were not altered by TRH when administered for five days. Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine reduced the activity of TRH in the dopamine potentiation test, suggesting dopaminergic mechanisms are involved by a direct receptor interaction. PMID- 810813 TI - [The antibiotic effect of the madder root (Rubia tinctorium)]. PMID- 810814 TI - Inducibility of mucosal drug-metabolizing enzymes of rats fed on a cholesterol rich diet by polychlorinated biphenyl, 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbitone. AB - The results show that a cholesterol-rich diet changes the composition of mucosal membranes. A high cholesterol diet increases mucosal cholesterol and phospholipid contents. Cholesterol enhanced mucosal NADPH cytochrome c reductase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities as well as mucosal UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity. When phenobarbitone or Clophen A 50 or 60 were administered intraperitoneally to cholesterol-fed rats, the hydroxylation and glucuronidation activities decreased to a lower level. 3-Methylcholanthrene was, however, able to maintain or increase mucosal hydroxylative enzymes and UDP glucuronosyltransferase. These results indicate that the drug-metabolizing enzymes of the intestinal mucosa behave very differently from those in the liver. Diet apparently has a regulatory effect on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes because only a very potent inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene, was able to maintain and even induce mucosal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats fed on a high cholesterol diet, possibly through changes in the microenvironment of enzymes caused by cholesterol. PMID- 810815 TI - Dosimetry of 129Cs and 131Cs for human internal organs. PMID- 810816 TI - An ionization chamber for therapy-level dosimetry of electron beams. AB - This ionization chamber has been designed at the National Physical Laboratory in collaboration with the Hospital Physicists' Association; it is especially suitable for use with electron beams below 10 MeV. The sensitive volume is discshaped, 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm deep along the beam axis. Polarity effect is less than 0.1% at energies up to 6 MeV, allowing the chamber to be used with most existing dosemeter electrometers. The chamber is intended to be calibrated by the user against a secondary standard X-ray chamber using a Perspex phantom in 60Co gamma-radiation. Factors for converting 'exposure' readings to absorbed dose in water are tabulated for beam energies up to 7 MeV. PMID- 810817 TI - The influence of air cavities on the dose distribution of high-energy electron beams. AB - A Lucite phantom containing cylindrical air cavities was irradiated with high energy electrons from a betatron. By measuring depth-dose curves, the relative enhancement in electron fluence adjacent to the cavity on the side opposite to the beam entrance was determined as a function of the initial electron energy, the dimensions of the cavity and its depth in the phantom. The enhancement factor was found to be critically dependent on energy, the height of the cavity and its depth in the phantom, but to a lesser extent on its diameter. The experimental results have been compared with calculations based on multiple scattering theory. PMID- 810818 TI - The function of the preoptic, mammilaris lateralis and ruber nuclei in normal and sexually inactive male chickens. AB - Male chickens were lesioned and canulated at five weeks of age. Lesions were located in the mammilaris lateralis (ML) and Ruber (Ru) nuclei. Cannulas filled with testosterone propionate (TP) were positioned in the praeopticus paraventricularis magnocellularis (PPM) area of the hypothalamus. The mating behavior of lesioned birds was tested at maturity while mating behavior of cannulated birds was evaluated at eight weeks of age. Males hatched from eggs dipped in 2 g% TP were designated TP birds. The TP birds exhibited a marked decrease in their sexual behavior responses and lesioning did not alter this effect. TP birds with cannulas in the PPM nuclei were stimulated to attempt to mate. These data indicate that TP birds failed to mate because of an interference in the development of the PPM nuclei. Bilateral lesions in the ML nuclei did not significantly influence sexual behavior while lesions in the Ru nuclei increased the sexual response. Therefore, the mammilaris region in the chicken's hypothalamus does not inhibit mating behavior while the Ru nucleus may be an inhibitory center for mating behavior in the chicken. PMID- 810819 TI - Rotational transformation of visual figures as a clinical phenomenon. PMID- 810821 TI - Fenfluramine and N-ethyl amphetamine: comparison of the reinforcing and rate decreasing actions in the rhesus monkey. AB - N-ethyl amphetamine HCl (NEA) and fenfluramine HCl (meta-trifluoromethyl N-ethyl amphetamine) were evaluated as reinforcers in rhesus monkeys that had been previously trained to press a lever using food presentations and cocaine HCl injections as reinforcers. Each daily session consisted of episodic opportunities to obtain reinforcers under a fixed-ratio schedule of 30. A drug period was interpolated between two periods in which lever-press responding was maintained by food presentations. Compared to saline, none of the drugs altered the rate of responding in the food periods which preceded the drug sessions, indicating the absence of residual response-disrupting drug actions from previous sessions. However, NEA and fenfluramine self-injection resulted in dose-related decreases in response rates during the food periods which immediately followed the drug sessions. Cocaine HCl (30 mug/kg/injection) maintained high response rates at over one response/second during the drug periods, as did the same dose of NEA. Doses of 10 and 100 mug/kg/injection of NEA as well as all doses of fenfluramine HCl (10 through 300 mug/kg/injection) maintained rates that were not different from those associated with saline injections. These results substantiate and extend earlier findings with fenfluramine and indicate that its failure to act as a reinforcer is attributable to its meta-trifluoromethyl group. PMID- 810820 TI - Monkey motor stimulation and altered social behavior during chronic methadone administration. AB - To assess the effects of chronic methadone administration on locomotor, social, and eating behavior od drug-native individuals under circumstances approximating those of methadone "maintenance" clinics, we gave single, daily oral doses of methadone to 5 Macaca radiata monkeys living in a social group. We obtained motor activity counts automatically during 6 weeks of baseline, 10 weeks of drug administration, and 3 weeks of post-drug abstinence. Social behaviors of association, dominance, submission, and sexuality were counted 5 days per week, and animal weights, food eaten and food-reinforced work were recorded. Plasma methadone levels were near those achieved in mechadone clincs. Methadone produced mixed stimulation and sedation in the daytime, with stimulation predominating for 4 hrs following administration. At night the subjects moved less while taking the drug. Associative behaviors were reduced by methadone, but dominance, submission, and sexual behaviors were not altered. The monkeys ate less while taking the drug, losing weight and working less for food. In these primates methadone had significant stimulant properties, impaired important social behaviors, and reduced the potency of food as a reinforcer of work. The results are compared with methadone's effects upon humans. PMID- 810822 TI - Behavioral effects of thymoleptics in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - Desmethylimipramine (DMI) exerts diverse quantitative effects on the gross behaviour of monkeys. Excitatory as well as sedative effects were observed, which varied according to the general animal temperament. Results resembling those obtained with DMI were observed using chlorimipramine and iprindole, although the effects of iprindole were less marked. Chlorimipramine also produced immobilization and postural change. The results are discussed in relation to behavioral effects of thymoleptics in humans, and the use of monkeys in preclinical testing of thymoleptic drugs is suggested. PMID- 810823 TI - Depression and the acute schizophrenic process. PMID- 810824 TI - [Study of the mechanisms of radiation protection of DNA]. PMID- 810825 TI - [Calculation of radiation exposure in experimental simulation of chronic occupational irradiation]. PMID- 810826 TI - [Level of ascorbic acid in monkeys exposed to prolonged irradiation in small doses]. PMID- 810827 TI - Attenuation coefficients of various body tissues, fluids, and lesions at photon energies of 18 to 136 keV. AB - Radioactive sources of 241Am, 125I, 153Gd, 170Tm, and 57Co were used to measure the attenuation coefficient muL of various body tissues (gray and white matter, fat, liver, pancreas, and muscle), fluids (water, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and red blood cells), and cerebral lesions (blood clots, edematous brain tissue, and eight types of brain tumors) at 16 different energies in the range 18-136 keV. Experimental accuracy was about 0.1-0.3% and 0.2-0.4% in the energy ranges 18-60 keV and 60-136 keV, respectively. Comparisons with values determined in vivo and in vitro with an EMI scanner showed excellent agreement. It is hoped that these findings will provide a better understanding of the photon interactions at the sensitivity level of computed tomography. PMID- 810828 TI - Surface dose from megavoltage therapy machines. AB - To determine the cause of increased skin reactions near the edges of the field the authors measured doses at and near the surface of the skin with an extrapolation chamber for the gamma-ray beam of an AECL Eldorado 8 60Co irradiator and the x-ray beams of a Varian Clinac 4 linear accelerator, a Varian Clinac 6 linear accelerator, and an ARCO Mevatron 8 linear accelerator. Buildup curves were measured on each machine to locate the depth of the maximum dose (Dmax). The surface dose of the central axis was measured as a function of field size. Off-axis surface doses were measured on the Clinac 4 linear accelerator and on the Eldorado 8 60Co therapy unit. No measurable increase in surface dose was found leading the authors to believe that the observed skin reaction in the axilla for the Clinac 4 linear accelerator is due to a combination of increased dose at Dmax from the anterior mantle field and an increase in exit dose from the posterior mantle field when compared to similar treatments for 60Co. PMID- 810829 TI - 67Ga citrate distribution following whole-body irradiation or chemotherapy. AB - Whole-body retention, organ distribution, excretion, and serum binding of 67Ga were evaluated in rats under normal conditions and following whole-body gamma irradiation, vincristine sulfate, or mechlorethamine. The results suggest that both irradiation and chemotherapy lead to reduced whole-body retention of injected radiogallium, explained in part by an alteration in the serum binding of gallium. Recognition of these findings should be considered in interpreting decreased tumor concentration of gallium in patients following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 810830 TI - [Use of prolonged parenteral feeding in the treatment of duodenal fistula]. PMID- 810831 TI - Contraction of atrial and ventricular myocardium after treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and glycerol. AB - Treatment of fiber bundles of EDTA produced high sarcolemmal permeability and eliminated the necessity of electrical stimulation of both strips of left atria (A) or left ventricular papillary muscles (P) in order to achieve activation. Subsequent Ca++-stimulated contractures developed peak tension in less time and with higher velocity in A than in P. Long term glycerination of fiber bundles, prepared from both A and P, disrupted subcellular membranes in addition to disruption of sarcolema. The bundles were then activated by addition of Ca++ and ATP, and the time course of contracture development was recorded. No difference was observed in the rate of contracture tension development from the onset to the peak tension developed between A and P. These results indicate that the major determinants of the differences in velocity and time course of tension development between atria and ventricles may reside in the coupling and uncoupling processes, rather than in sarcolemma or in the contractile proteins. PMID- 810832 TI - Metabolic reduction of naltrexone. I. Synthesis, separation and characterization of naloxone and naltrexone reduction products and qualitative assay of urine and bile following administration of naltrexone, alpha-naltrexol, or beta-naltrexol. AB - Reduction of naltrexone and naloxone with sodium borohydride gave a mixture (85:15) of the 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxy epimers, alpha- and beta-naltrexol and alpha- and beta-naloxol, respectively. Each pair of epimers was separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and the physical and spectral properties of each compound were determined. Previous assignments for the configuration of the epimers were verified. A semi-quantitative electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic method was devised for distinguishing either alpha- or beta naltrexol in the presence of the other and in the presence of large amounts (at least 10-fold greater) of naltrexone. The method was used to determine the approximate weight ratio of beta-naltrexol to naltrexone present in enzymatically hydrolyzed urine samples. It was found that substantially greater quantities of beta-naltrexol and/or its conjugates were excreted in the urine of man, monkey, guinea pig and rabbit after administration of naltrexone, whereas very small quantities were excreted by the mouse, rat and dog. In contrast, just trace amounts of the 6alpha-hydroxy epimer, alpha-naltrexol, were detected in the urine of only 2 of the 7 species that had received naltrexone, i.e., monkey and guinea pig. After administration of 3H-15,16-naltrexone, 1 mg/kg, i.v. to the guinea pig, 25% of the radioactivity found following thin-layer chromatography of the extract of acid-hydrolyzed urine corresponded to beta-naltrexol. In gall bladder bile from the guinea pig, only conjugates of naltrexone and beta-naltrexol were found 2 hours after administration of naltrexone. Following administration of beta-naltrexol, 1 mg/kg, i.v. to guinea pigs only beta-naltrexol and/or its conjugates were detected in urine or bile. However, urine collected after administration of alpha-naltrexol, 1 mg/kg, i.v. to guinea pigs contained alpha naltrexol and its conjugates, as well as a yet unidentified metabolite. PMID- 810833 TI - The effect of tobacco smoke and some of its constitutents on triglyceride secretion in the squirrel monkey. AB - The acute effects of tobacco smoke and some of its constituents on plasma free fatty acid levels and on triglyceride secretion were studied in anaesthetized squirrel monkeys given Triton WR-1339. All the treatments raised plasma free fatty acids in the order high tar smoke greater than medium tar vapour phase = air:CO greater than medium tar smoke. Plasma triglyceride secretion in animals inhaling high tar smoke did not differ from controls. There was a transient rise in triglyceride secretion in animals inhaling vapour phase but the largest increase (after a significant delay) was in monkeys breathing air:CO. Maximal concentrations of blood carboxyhaemoglobin did not differ between the experimental groups. It is suggested that, under these experimental conditions, there are present in the particulate phase of tobacco smoke factors which inhibit hepatic triglyceride secretion. PMID- 810834 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation in surgical patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 810835 TI - Interaction of concanavalin A and human sera. PMID- 810836 TI - [Distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh factor in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 810837 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious outbreak in a children's hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 810838 TI - [Value of treatment with hypacom in postoperative venous thromboses]. PMID- 810840 TI - [Convulsive (epileptic) states in children]. PMID- 810841 TI - [Psychological and pedagogic problems in rehabilitation of neuro-motor handicapped patients]. PMID- 810839 TI - [Neonatal convulsive manifestations]. PMID- 810842 TI - [Keeping records of the neuropsychological development of children in the 1st stages of childhood]. PMID- 810843 TI - [Early adaptation of premature infants (hematological and biochemical aspects)]. PMID- 810844 TI - [Study of cutaneous capillary permeability in children with acute diffuse glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 810845 TI - [Acrocephalosyndactylia (Apert's syndrome)]. PMID- 810846 TI - [Essential pulmonary hemosiderosis as a differential diagnostic problem in anemic states in children]. PMID- 810847 TI - [Juvenile obliterating arteritis in a pre-school child]. PMID- 810848 TI - [Giant cell hepatitis (discussion of 2 clinical cases)]. PMID- 810849 TI - [Problems and progress in coproparasitological analysis]. PMID- 810850 TI - [Polydactylia]. PMID- 810851 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis as a problem for the pediatrician]. PMID- 810852 TI - [Normal values of serum immunoglobulins in children of the Cluj region]. PMID- 810853 TI - [A case of progressive septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 810854 TI - [Medullary tumors in children with preexisting massive deformities of the spinal column]. PMID- 810855 TI - [Clinico-radiological diagnosis of sarcoma of the urogenital sinus in children]. PMID- 810856 TI - [The allergic factor in the causes of middle ear diseases in children]. PMID- 810857 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic criteria of diagnosis and prognosis in acute infections in premature infants during the 1st month of life]. PMID- 810858 TI - [Hereditary thymic dysplasia]. PMID- 810859 TI - [Some aspects to be considered in evaluation of the state of health of children]. PMID- 810860 TI - [Unsaturated fatty acids in the nutrition of premature infants]. PMID- 810861 TI - [Indications in surgical treatment of spastic talipes equinus in children]. PMID- 810862 TI - [The Australia antigen in chronic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 810864 TI - [Value of determination of antistaphylolysins in the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections]. PMID- 810865 TI - [Bacterial population of the jejunum in lingering enterocolitis in infants and children]. PMID- 810863 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 810866 TI - [The role of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes in the etiology of enteritis in hospitalized and non-hospitalized children]. PMID- 810867 TI - [Research on the problem of magnesium in rickets]. PMID- 810868 TI - [Aberrant ossifications]. PMID- 810869 TI - [Sporadic cases of infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants and young children detected by bacteriological and serological methods]. PMID- 810870 TI - [Valve of electroencephalography in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy in children]. PMID- 810871 TI - [Clinico-radiological aspects and treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia in infants]. PMID- 810872 TI - [Balneophysicoclimatic treatment of infantile bronchial asthma]. PMID- 810873 TI - [Preliminary note on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of intersexuality in children]. PMID- 810875 TI - [Silvane reservoirs and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. 58. Natural infection of the rat, Akodon lasiotis (Lung, 1841) by T. cruzi]. PMID- 810874 TI - Further evaluation of the "I.M.T.-Chagas flocculation test". A comparison with complement fixation, hemagglutination and immunofluorescence tests. PMID- 810877 TI - Study of atmospheric fungi in a big cereal silo over a period of one year. AB - A quantitative and qualitative study of the atmospheric fungi in a big silo was carried out over a period of one year (April 1973--April 1974). About 6 to 12 Petri dishes with Czapek medium were exposed for 5 minutes every month at different floors of the silo. The study showed:--a very high number of fungi colonies, reaching as many as 903 in March 1974 (a total of 60 min exposure); the dominant fungus was penicillium which was, however, overpassed in certain months by aspergillus (flavus and fumigatus) which in May 1973 reached about twice the incidence of penicillium. Cladosporium-hormodendron, the dominant fungus in our country, ranked third on the list, about the same as rhizopus nigricans and much before alternaria (less than 30 colonies per 60 min Aspergillus niger, actinomicetes, yeasts, etc. were found in an even lesser amount. It is assumed that the dominant fungi may play a part in the etiopathogeny of the bronchial asthma of workers in such silos but investigations should be furthered before reaching a final conclusion. PMID- 810876 TI - [Determination og mycotoxins by means of biological methods]. PMID- 810878 TI - Classification of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - An analysis of 1000 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis has suggested to the authors their classification into four evolutive stages: incipient ketoacidosis (normal pH, decrease of total CO2, between 20--26 mMol/l and of excess bases between -2 and -5 mMol/l), moderate ketoacidosis (pH 7.31-7.35, total CO2, between 15--19.9 mMol/l, excess bases between -5 and -10 mMol/l); advanced ketoacidosis, "diabetic precoma" (pH 7.21-7.30 total CO2 between 11 and 14.9 mMol/l, excess bases between -10 and -15 mMol/l, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis or "diabetic coma" (pH less than or equal to 7.20, total CO2 less than or equal to 10 mMol/l, excess bases greater than -15 mMol/l). The follow up of the four therapeutical parameters (number of hours, amount of fluids, insulin and KCl necessary for equilibration) showed that this classification of ketoacidosis reflects the degree of metabolic and hydroelectrolytic disorders, suggesting at the same time the intensity of the treatment to be administered in view of correcting them. PMID- 810879 TI - Cranio-facial dysmorphism with digital abnormalities, oligophrenia and neurological disturbances--a variant of the Freeman-Sheldon syndrome? PMID- 810880 TI - The 24-hour excretion of plasma proteins in the urine of apparently healthy subjects. AB - In 239 apparently healthy subjects the 24-h urinary excretion of albumin transferrin, haptoglobin, IgM, IgG, IgA, immunoglobulin-free lambda and kappa light chains, lysozyme, and beta-2-microglobulin was studied by means of an automated immunoprecipitin reaction. The 24-h excretion of the proteins showed a very uneven distribution. Albumin was excreted in the largest quantities, 1.6 34.2 mg/24 h (0.95 range), and beta-2-microglobulin in the smallest quantities, 0 0.14 mg/24 h (0.95 range). Seven of 10 proteins were excreted in significantly lower quantities in children than in adults. PMID- 810881 TI - Free light chains of immunoglobulins in normal serum and urine determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for determination of free light polypeptide chains from human immunoglobulins in serum and urine is described. The free light chains were isolated from the regular immunoglobulins by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 columns. In the radioimmunoassay the free and antibody-bound 125I-labelled light chains were separated on gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 columns. The mean concentration of free light chains in serum from 20 normal subjects was 10.6 mg/1 for lambda chains and 13.2 mg/1 for kappa chains. The 24-hr urinary excretion was 1.1 mg for lambda chains and 3.2 mg for kappa chains. PMID- 810882 TI - Purification of J chain after mild reduction of human immunoglobulins. AB - Two methods are described for the purification of J chain from polymeric IgA after mild reduction without the use of alkylating or dissociating reagents. The released peptide was separated from other protein components by immunoadsorption combined with gel filtration or anionic-exchange chromatography, or both. J chain was thus obtained in a yield of about 30% of the total release. Most of it consisted of dimers (molecular weight, approximately 25,000 to 30,000) or larger polymers, but re-reduction and alkylation produced a quite homogeneous fraction that sedimented slightly more slowly than egg-white lysozyme. The purity was high enough for successful immunization. When J chain coupled to bovine serum albumin was used as an antigen, all of five rabbits showed a good immune response. Although the same principle could be used for the purification of J chain from IgM and colostral IgA, high purity was more difficult to achieve and the yield was much lower. These preparations contained an unidentified slow-moving component, and the J chain was more prone to become rapidly degraded to smaller fragments. PMID- 810883 TI - J chain in malignant human IgG immunocytes. AB - J chain was demonstrated directly by immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of malignant IgG-producing human tumor cells. This was in contrast to IgG immunocytes accumulating in foci of chronic inflammation, which generally were devoid of J chain. PMID- 810884 TI - The biochemistry of methylotrophic micro-organisms. PMID- 810885 TI - Sound production in insects. PMID- 810886 TI - Zinc in clinical nutrition. PMID- 810887 TI - Commissural and cortico-cortical "columns" in the somatic sensory cortex of primates. AB - Anatomical experiments demonstrate that commissural and cortico-cortical fibers arising and terminating in the somatic sensor- cortex of monkeys terminate in layers I through IV in a mosaic of precisely ordered vertical bands. The cells of origin of these fibers, found predominantly in layer III, are also arranged in vertical aggregations. PMID- 810888 TI - Detection of an antigen related to Mason-Pfizer virus in malignant human breast tumors. PMID- 810889 TI - Dyskinesias elicited by methamphetamine: susceptibility of former methadone consuming monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys with a history of drinking methadone but currently drug-free and control monkeys with no drug history were injected with methamphetamine hydrochloride (2 to 5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). In six of seven monkeys which had consumed methadone the lowest dose immediately elicited pronounced oral dyskinesias virtually identical to those of human tardive dyskinesia. The control monkeys did not exhibit oral dyskinesias even after prolonged treatment with the highest dose. The clincial implications may be related to the functioning of brain dopaminergic systems. PMID- 810890 TI - Effects of long-term corn consumption on brain serotonin and the response to electric shock. AB - Rats fed tryptophan-poor corn diets have reduced levels of brain serotonin and show increased responsiveness to electric shock. This diet-induced hyperalgesia can be reversed by feeding the animals diets with adequate amounts of tryptophan, or by systemic injections of the amino acid. PMID- 810891 TI - Retinal capillaries: proliferation of mural cells in vitro. AB - Capillaries from bovine, monkey, and human retinas maintained in tissue culture produced a monolayer of cells. Autoradiographic and electron microscopic evidence indicated that the mural cells (intramural pericytes) were the cells that proliferated. Since intramural pericytes are damaged selectively in diabetes mellitus, their availability in culture will be useful in seeking means to control diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 810892 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis: extracellular enzyme cleaves human immunoglobulin A. AB - The gonococcus and meningococcus, which infect human mucosal surfaces, elaborate a highly specific proteolytic enzyme which cleaves the immunoglobulin A1 subclass of the principal mucosal antibody, immunoglobulin A (IgA). The susceptible Pro Thr bond lies in a unique region of the IgA heavy chain; the IgA2 subclass, lacking this peptide bond, is enzyme resistant. PMID- 810893 TI - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold. PMID- 810894 TI - Abdominal ultrasound in animals. PMID- 810895 TI - Regulation of ciliary beating frequency by the surface membrane. PMID- 810896 TI - Microtubules and filaments in ciliate contractility. AB - The basis for cell body contractility in heterotrich ciliates resides in the interaction of two discrete contractile fiber systems, the myonemes and km fibers. The motive force for rapid cell contraction in these ciliates has been associated with a calcium-induced change in the macromolecular conformation of the contractile filaments of the myonemes. In Stentor coeruleus, changes in the contractile state of the myonemes are reflected in a reversible calcium-dependent transformation of thin, oriented filaments to shorter tubular forms. Dimensional changes in the km fibers in Stentor coeruleus are generated by the relative sliding of the component parallel microtubule arrays. Changes in the morphology of cross-bridges extending between the sliding components suggest that these structures function in the process of cell extension either in developing the sliding forces required for active displacement of adjacent microtubule ribbons or regulating the extent to which sliding occurs. PMID- 810897 TI - Contraction and calcium binding in the vorticellid ciliates. PMID- 810898 TI - Georgia plan for education in long-term care. AB - A successful program for teaching long-term care to students of the Medical College of Georgia is described. Five years of experience have proved its importance in medical education. Such a program could be instituted in community hospitals or in other medical colleges. Improvement in the quality of long-term care is a most pressing need today, and the education of those who will give that care is essential. PMID- 810899 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation in the treatment of difficult urologic problems. AB - Intravenous hyperalimentation has gained great acceptance in the management of complex medical and surgical problems. This paper presents two cases of fistula developing in patients treated with irradiation and who had total cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The fistulas closed completely after two to four weeks of hyperalimentation. Neither patient required operation. Parenteral nutrition can be of value in the management of various difficult urologic problems. PMID- 810900 TI - Plasma renin activity in oedematous and marasmic children with protein energy malnutrition. AB - Plasma renin activity was measured by bio-assay in 52 children with kwashiorkor, in 28 with marasmus and in 21 healthy children. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased in children with kwashiorkor and marasmus, compared with healthy children, and in children who died, compared with survivors. No strict causal relationship could be found between plasma renin activity and the degree of oedema in kwashiorkor. Increased renin activity probably results from a terminal change in cardiovascular function. PMID- 810901 TI - Plasma renin activity, water excretion and the decay of injected hormones and hormonal effects in rats with protein energy malnutrition. AB - Plasma renin activity was found to be correlated positively with muscle water content and the presence of oedema in rats with protein energy malnutrition, whereas the muscle potassium content showed a negative correlation with muscle water content. Malnourished rats also showed an inability to dispose of a water load. Nevertheless, the ability of malnourished rats to excrete injected hormones and to clear the plasma of bromosulphthalein proved to be normal. It is therefore concluded that, although the inability to balance consumption and excretion of water may in part be the result of increased effective plasma renin activity, the increased plasma concentration results from increased secretion rather than from decreased inactivation. PMID- 810903 TI - Clinicopathological validation of a primate stroke model. AB - A method recently developed in our laboratory has been evaluated for clinical and pathological reliability and validity. Intracarotid injection of a silicone polymer molded into an elastic cylinder regularly caused segmental occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in sedated but conscious rhesus monleys. Clinical changes were quantitatively monitored continuously from onset through acute and chronic phases and precise correlations made with postmortem vascular and parenchymal pathology. Minor anatomical variations in the size and branching patterns of the middle cerebral artery in this primate species paralleled those in man. Uniformity in patterns of the acute natural history and specificity in clinical pathological correlations substantiate the utility of this stroke model for tests of therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 810902 TI - Modern methods of management of diabetic coma and precoma. AB - Recent understanding of mechanisms concerned in the production of the diabetic comas has improved, and this has led to important changes in general concepts and practice of management. We attempt to outline these and to present a didactic scheme for therapy, as in general use at Groote Schuur Hospital. PMID- 810904 TI - Atrioventricular valve replacement with the Hancock porcine xenograft: a five year clinical experience. AB - Since July, 1970, 111 patients have undergone mitral and/or tricuspid valve replacement with a glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine xenograft mounted on a flexible stent; 41 of these patients also had aortic valve replacement with a Starr Edwards or Bjork-Shiley valve, and 85 patients presently are alive. Cumulative follow-up totals 2,060 months, with 16 patients followed more than 4 years. Anticoagulants have not been administered postoperatively, and one patient has had a systemic embolus. Postoperative hemodynamic assessments have been carried out in 54 patients, and in either the mitral or tricuspid position the valve was shown to have good hydraulic function. Significant mitral regurgitation, secondary to prosthetic dysfunction, occurred in one patient 56 months following implantation. Progressive prosthetic stenosis has not occurred, and hemolysis or anemia of clinical significance has not been observed as a consequence of the use of the use of the xenograft. To date, these clinical and hemodynamic data indicate that the glutaraldehyde-fixed xenograft, mounted on a flexible stent, is the prosthesis of choice for mitral and tricuspid valve replacement. PMID- 810905 TI - [Treatment of cytostatic disease]. PMID- 810906 TI - [Cases of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with nonspecific diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 810907 TI - Excretion of HCO3- by the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus in metabolic alkalosis. AB - We studied the role of the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus in the excretion of bicarbonate into the urine. The toads were in metabolic alkalosis, produced by administering 120 mM NaHCO3 by stomach tube or by soaking the toads in 120 mM NaHCO3 solution for 48 to 72 hr. In vitro 10 cannulated whole bladders from toads in alkalosis transported bicarbonate from the serosal to mucosal medium. The average gradient created by this transport was 5.7 meq/1. In 15 whole bladders from toads in metabolic acidosis studied under identical conditions, there was no transport of bicarbonate into mucosal medium. PMID- 810908 TI - [Tax-promoting expenditures in health-resort stay]. PMID- 810909 TI - Clinium used in the treatment of chronic ischaemic cardiac failures. PMID- 810910 TI - Results obtained in Intestopan treatment of patients with dysenteric syndrome (adult patients). PMID- 810911 TI - Decreased myocardial fibrinolytic activity following temporary ischaemia and reperfusion. AB - The effect of temporary myocardial ischaemia (x 52 mins) and reperfusion (x 23 hrs 8 mins) on myocardial tissue fibrinolysis and 125I fibrinogen incorporation into fibrin was investigated in nine baboons. Fibrinolytic activity was reduced by 54% in the endocardium of the ischaemic reperfused myocardium and the 125I fibrinogen activity was elevated by 480%. The reduction in myocardial fibrinolytic activity following ischaemia and reperfusion may be due to endothelial damage. PMID- 810912 TI - Proceedings: Inhibitors interfering with the quantitative estimation of tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 810913 TI - Proceedings: Factor XIII concentrate in the long term management of congenital factor XIII deficiency. PMID- 810914 TI - Proceedings: Fibrin plate studies of plasminogen activator and inhibitor from pig leucocytes. PMID- 810915 TI - Proceedings: Prevention of ischemic cerebro vascular accident: a long term clinical trial with vasodilator and antiaggregating drugs. PMID- 810916 TI - [Disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal nasal) in allergic rhinitis. A clinical trial]. PMID- 810917 TI - [Arthritis and dermatitis in a boy with positive gonococcal complement-fixation test]. PMID- 810918 TI - [Penicillin V]. PMID- 810920 TI - A new electrode for electromyographic study of bronchial smooth muscle. AB - The contribution of the bronchial smooth muscles to asthmatic attack has been supposed by many studies such as measurement of the intrabronchial pressure and bronchographical studies, but electromyographical evidence has not been established yet. A new bipolar platinum-ring electrode fixed on polyethylene catheter was invented in order to record action potentials from the bronchial smooth muscle through the intrabronchial lead. Action potentials obtained by this electrode were compared with those obtained by the direct peribronchial needle electrode during either artificial or spontaneous respiration in dogs and a monkey. Electrophotographical analysis confirmed that action potentials obtained by our new electrode were similar in discharge pattern to those by the direct peribronchial needle electrode. The active contribution of the bronchial smooth muscle to the maintenance of the bronchial caliber during spontaneous respiration was observed by our new electrode. Accordingly, this electrode is applicable to electromyographical studies of the bronchial smooth muscle. PMID- 810919 TI - Treatment of multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemai Waldenstrom: A long-term follow-up study. AB - Fifteen cases of multiple myeloma and 6 cases of macroglobulin emia Waldenstrom were followed up from 1957 to 1974. As for administration of drugs a low continuous dose regimen was mainly employed instead of a high intermittent dose regimen. 50% survival time from the onset of the disease was 18 months for multiple myeloma and 25 months for macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom. 3 cases of multiple myeloma are still living 44 months after the onset of symptoms. Cyclophosphamide and melphalan seem to have contributed much to the prolonged survival of these patients as well as improved supportive care. PMID- 810921 TI - A variant of GM1-gangliosidosis type 2 and enzymic differences between GM1 gangliosidosis types 1 and 2. AB - A patient considered to represent a variant of GM1-gangliosidosis type 2 is described. Enzymic differences between the two clinical types 1 and 2 in GM1 gangliosidosis could be detected by Sephadex gel filtration procedure. PMID- 810922 TI - Effect of vinblastine in vivo on ultrastructure and insulin releasing capacity of the B-cell following sulphonylurea and isopropyl-noradrenaline. AB - The effect of vinblastine in vivo on ultrastructure and insulin releasing capacity of the B-cell was studied in mice. Treatment with vinblastine (1.1 mumole/mouse) resulted in a 75% decrease of the amount of normal microtubules and the appearance of characteristic paracrystals. Basal plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were depressed to about 60% of the control level. The dose response pattern for insulin release (first phase) following two chemically unrelated insulin secretagogues, the potent sulphonyl-urea derivative, glibenclamide, and the beta-adrenegic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline, (L-IPNA), was tested with and without vinblastine pretreatment. The dose-response curves for L-IPNA-induced insulin release in vinblastine-treated and control animals did not deviate significantly from each other, whereas insulin release following glibenclamide was almost totally suppressed by vinblastine except at the lowest dose level. Injection of maximal doses of glibenclamide or L-IPNA did not alter the ultrastructural changes induced by vinblastine in the B-cells. It is suggested that the microtubular system of the B-cell might play a minor role for certain insulin-releasing processes and/or that vinblastine might have other important effects on the insulin secretory machinery. PMID- 810924 TI - Thalamic and other subcortical projections to area MT (visual area of superior temporal sulcus) in the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. PMID- 810923 TI - Enhancement of hepatic drug biotransformation rate by polychlorinated biphenyls in rats fed cholesterol-rich diet. AB - A combined effect of cholesterol and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the microsomal drug hydroxylation and glucuronidation in the liver of the rat was studied. PCBs, Clophen A-50 and A-60, having an average chlorination degree of 50 and 60% affect the structure of microsomal membranes. It was found that Clophen A 60 increased the binding of trypsin- and digitonin-sensitive proteins to the membranes. Also it was found that PCBs enhanced the phsopholipid content of microsomes. PCBs increased the activity of hepatic NADPH cytochrome c reductase about 1.5-fold. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity doubled with Clophen A-50 and quadrupled with Clophen A-60. Hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was doubled with both PCBs. The enhancement in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and in UDPglucuronosyltransferase was found to be lower in the presence of high cholesterol level in the diet when compared to earlier results. This is supposed to be due to the membraneous effects of cholesterol. PMID- 810925 TI - A detailed analysis of the effects of various fixatives on animal tissue with particular reference to muscle tissue. AB - Nine different fixatives (Carnoy's, Susa, Baker's formalin, 5% formalin, 10% formalin, 10% formol saline, Bouin, Zenker, and 2.5% gluta-aldehyde) were compared by two methods. Gelatin-albumin gels were used to study volume changes after fixation and after various stages of subsequent processing. The appearance and hardness of the gels were also noted. The fixatives either shrunk or swelled the gels, but dehydration and clearing shrunk the gels in all cases. Samples of muscle tissue from one location in beef longissimus dorsi muscle were also placed in the different fixatives and processed. Various features were noted for each fixative, including the ease with which the paraffin wax blocks were cut and the staining ability of the sections in Mallory's triple stain. The diameters of the muscle fibers were measured from transverse sections of these samples and compared with the mean diameter of muscle fibers in a frozen unfixed section of muscle tissue. It was found that the fixatives had the same shrinkage effects on both the gels and the muscle samples. Analysis of variance tests showed that the various fixatives caused different degrees of shrinkage. Statistical details are given for the amounts of shrinkage caused by each fixative. Both the general histological picture and the amount of shrinkage were considered when deciding the best fixative. Carnoy was found to be the best of the fixatives investigated. PMID- 810926 TI - [Radiation therapy of cervix carcinoma]. AB - From 1954 up to Jul 1974, 739 carcinomas of the cervix were treated by irradiation either before or after surgery or by sole irradiation. Results and experiences are reported. PMID- 810927 TI - [Electron therapy using wedge filters. I. Experimental studies using wedge filters made from polystyrol]. AB - Based on dose measurements at the phantom, the dose distributions obtained during electron therapy by the use of wedge filters made of polystyrol are reported. Energy doses from 15 to 42 MeV were applied; angles of wedges amounted to 10 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees. Only by wedge-angles larger than 45 degrees, it was possible to bring about significant changes in the dose distribution. The results obtained are presented diagrammatically. The influence exerted by the wedge-angle and by electron energy upon the inclination of the 50% isodose to the axis of the useful beam is shown by tables. PMID- 810928 TI - Rhodopsin and autoimmune blindness in primates. PMID- 810929 TI - Scabies and other skin diseases in pre-school children in Ujamaa villages in Tanzania. AB - A survey of skin diseases was carried out in pre-school children in five Ujamaa villages in Rufiji district and 532 children (5.3% of the total population) were screened. The results showed that scabies was the commonest skin problem affecting 31% of the children. Primary pyoderma and fungal infections were relatively less common and accounted for 7.0 and 2.4% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta haemolytic streptococci and Corynebacterium diphteriae were the commonest pathogeneic bacteria isolated from both infected scabies and primary pyoderma. Tinea capitis was similarly the commonest fungal infection and Microsporium audouinii was the main pathogen. The high prevalence of scabies was attributed to poor hygiene, overcrowding with intimate personal contact. The low prevalence of pyoderma was due to the fact that we did not include secondarily infected scabies and eczema amongst the cases of pyoderma. PMID- 810930 TI - Theileria mutans: experimental transmission by Haemaphysalis punctata. AB - T. mutans (Essex), originally isolated from a farm in the County of Essex in South-east England by allowing field-collected H. punctata tickes to feed on a splenectomized calf, was syringe-passaged once between calves and then resecured in a laboratory-reared strain of H. punctata. From subsequent studies it was found that only transstadial transmission of the parasite occurred. Thus, only the larval and the nymphal stages of the ticks were capable of acquiring the infection and subsequently nymphs and adults respectively were capable of transmitting the parasite. It was noted that once infected ticks transmitted T. mutans, the succeeding stages were uninfected. After 7 tick passages between cattle there was no evidence of increasing virulence of the parasite. PMID- 810932 TI - [History of PCB]. PMID- 810931 TI - [Serological studies on the occurrence of rickettsial infections in Togo (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of rickettsioses in Togo was examined by means of the microagglutination-technique according to Giroud. Out of 559 sera obtained from different parts of the country the following percentages of positive reactions were found: R. prowazeki 0.2%, R. mooseri: 4.7%, R. conori: 0.4%, R. burneti: 2.0%. It was proved that 1) R. mooseri-infections were more prevalent in adults than in children and adolescents and 2) R. mooseri-infections were found more frequently in the southern regions of the country, whereas R. burneti-infections were more widely distributed in the north of Togo. PMID- 810934 TI - [Pericardial diverticulum in a 2-year-old child]. PMID- 810933 TI - Haematuria following radiotherapy for bladder tumours. An approach to therapy. AB - Unrestrainable haematurias after supervoltage therapy of bladder tumours are a serious complication for the treatment. Excellent results were obtained by radical transurethral resection of the pathologically modified bladder mucosa. There is no bleeding and new mucosa with a particular appearance replaces the resected tissue. The histological findings and the results of the treatment confirm that the only cause of these haematurias is the presence of large newly formed vascular "lakes". PMID- 810935 TI - [Use of local muscle relaxation in surgery of compound malleolar fractures]. PMID- 810936 TI - [Determination of glycogen in leukocytes of healthy and leukemic cattle]. AB - In leukemic cows the percentage of leucocytes and lymphoid cells of the peripheral blood and marrow, with intensely stained violet glycogen granules in the plasma, which nevertheless exceptionally appear even in the leucocytes and lymphocytes of healthy cows, is significantly higher. Lymphocytes with a negative PAS reaction are found in both healthy and leukemic cows. PAS reaction can therefore be used as an auxiliary method for differentiating leukemic lymphocytes in a complex of further cytochemical reactions. In neutrophilous peripheral blood leucocytes of healthy and leucotic cattle the PAS reaction attained the values of ++ to +++. In the marrow of both groups an attenuated reaction was recorded in the myelocytes and promyelocytes (0 to +). Eosinophilous leucocytes and their developmental stages yielded negative PAS reaction. Monocytes showed a weak reaction in the periphery of healthy cattle whereas in the leucotic cattle the reaction was somewhat stronger, PAS reaction of the erythrocyte and thrombocyte bone marrow series was negative. PMID- 810937 TI - [Amebas of the Limax group in various species of farm and domestic animals]. AB - Fourteen strains of amoebae of the Limax group were isolated by random selection in five species of farm and domestic animals. The amoebae were captured in the respiratory and digestive tracts and in sex organs. According to the systematic classification, the isolates belong to the following genera: Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Vahlkampfia. Their temperature optimum was 37 degrees C. The trial to demonstrate a pathogenetic character of the representative of individual genera on laboratory animals gave a negative result. PMID- 810938 TI - [Determination of anti-rabies antibodies by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method]. AB - The paper presents a description of the method of indirect immunofluorescence (IFRA test) for the demonstration of post-vaccination anti-rabies antibodies. The model of immune hamster serum was used to study the reproducibility of the test. The dynamics of antibody formation was quantitatively examined in rabbits immunized by the Flury-LEP virus. For brief information, the test was also used for the demonstration of post-vaccination antibodes against rabies in dogs. The method can be recommended as an additional and orientation test for the evaluation of the immunogenic properties of vaccines against rabies. PMID- 810940 TI - [Study of enterococci in milk]. AB - Studied were a total of 270 samples of raw and pasteurized milk taken during the various technologic states of pasteurized mild produced for consumption at the State Economic Enterprise "Serdica", establishing the enterococcus and coli titers. It was found that the enterococcus titer of the raw milk varies from 10( 3) up to 10(-6), and the titer of the pasteurized milk at the enterprise and upon delivery through its commercial channels is from 1 up to 10(-3). The enterococcus titer of milk that was pasteurized and was kept for 24 hours at 4-5 degrees C was found to range from 1 to 10(-3), and of milk kept at 18-22 degrees C --from (0( 1) to 10(-6). Full coincidence of the enterococcus titer with the values of the coli titer was found only for pasteurized milk kept under refrigerator conditions. Along with the coli titer the enterococcus one may be used as a subsidiary means in a more strict bacteriologic control, however, it may not be referred to as the only criterion replacing the coli values in the hygiene evaluation of milk. All species of enterococci in varying counts are established in both raw and pasteurized milk. Prevailing are the strains of the Str. faecium group -- 43.2 per cent, and those of the Str. faecalis group -- 24.6 per cent. PMID- 810939 TI - [Effect of dietary proteins on the multiplication of the protozoon Nosema apis Z]. AB - By counting the spores of protozoon Nosema apis Z. in Burker's chamber the author was able to find, in 1495 caged bees sacrificed one week after the parasite invasion, from altogether 26 samples of various feeds statistically sifnificant differences of influencing the protozoon development only in sallow pollen. The differences between the individual feeds were statistically more significant in bees sacrificed 14 days after the invasion. Examination of 1260 bees 14 days after the invasion demonstrated that, as compared with glycide food, the parasite development was enhanced by a feed consisting of 6, 9, and 12 per cent fresh rape pollen, 3 and 6 per cent of fresh and dried sallow pollen, 6 per cent freeze dried pollen mixture, pollen deposited in honeycombs, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 per cent yeast dough, "Arnika" and 3 per cent Bacto peptone. Even 14 days after the invasion no statistically sifnificant differences of influencing the schizogony of protozoon Nosema apis Z. could be demonstrated in bees fed pure glycide feed, dough with 3 and 6 per cent casein hydrolyzate, 3 and 6 per cent Hammarsten casein, 3 per cent dried whole eggs, 3 per cent rape pollen and 3 and 6 per cent fresh pollen mixtures. In the study the possibility of an indirect effect of pollen on the parasite schizogony through the secrete of the pharyngeal glands is being discussed. PMID- 810942 TI - [Differentiation in culture of Bacillus species isolated from semicanned meat]. AB - Studied were the cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties of a total of 50 strains of aerobic spore-producing organisms of group I of the genus, Bacillus isolated from semicanned meat. Comparative investigations were carried out following four procedures (5, 7, 8, 14). Fifty per cent of the bacilli studied were determined as Bac. licheniformis, 26 per cent -- as Bac. subtilis, 20 per cent -- as Bac. pumilus, and 4 per cent -- as Bac. cereus. Data showed that the results obtained can serve to work out a schematic pattern for the quick differentiation of bacilli. PMID- 810941 TI - [Influence of some factors on the quality of Bulgarian sour milk]. AB - The results obtained with three feeding experiments revealed that combined forages containing biovit-40 are effective in that the antibiotic is not excreted with cow's milk and it does not inhibit the development of lactic acid fermentation. The season of the year associated with the passage of a given type of feed on to another type was found to influence the course of the lactic acid fermentation as follows: --in feeding green mass in the summer period there is a stimulation of the development of Lactobacillus bulgaricum and Str. thermophilus in the milk; -- in feeding greater amounts of succulent forages in the winter, spring, and autumn periods there is a retardation in the development of the same organisms in the milk. PMID- 810943 TI - Experiments on infarct genesis caused by blockage of carbohydrate metabolism in guinea pig placentae. AB - The poisoning of pregnant guinea pigs with monoiodineacetate, an inhibitor of carbohydrate metabolism in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase phase, leads within a few minutes to the formation of syncytial plasma protrusions in the maternal blood lacunae of the placenta. These protusions cause a primary white infarct where the degenerative process takes place--in the interlobium. An accumulation of erythrocytes originates in its arterial inflow area owing to the obstruction of the blood flow. Both primary infarct and accumulation of erythrocytes alter to form a single homogenous white infarct within a few days, together with the degenerative products of all cellular and syncytial elements. Timely substitution of glycolysis for pyruvate, i.e. within 20 min, during continued blockage of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, prevents the formation of an infarct. PMID- 810944 TI - Histochemical study on systemic amyloid microdeposits with special reference to parathyroid intrafollicular deposits. AB - This study was carried out in order to define the histochemical behaviour of the substance present in follicles of normal parathyroid glands obtained at routine autopsies. It was noticed that these follicles with typical amyloid staining properties are constantly present in old persons; furthermore the amyloid in question presents histochemical characteristics which identify it as Apudamyloid. With this in mind we studied the possible, concomitant, systemic, amyloid microdeposits; we noticed that intrafollicular Apudamyloid of the parathyroid gland is often encountered together with immune deposits which are sometimes present in the same gland though not necessarily in the follicles. PMID- 810945 TI - [Pathological anatomy of the vinylchloride-disease (author's transl)]. AB - A letal case of angiosarcoma of the liver is reported. The 38 years old chemical laboratory assistant was exposed in vinylchloride medium about 3 1/2 years. The sarcoma metastasised into many other organs. This case is the fifth one reported in the German Federal Republic, in four of the cases the patient died. VC concentration at the work place was not measured. Thrombocytopenia observed in about 80% of the VC cases was not seen. There will be possibly observed further VC-caused tumors in the population. Nevertheless there might be other even extrahepatic VC-caused tumors in man, which could be concluded by animal experimental investigations. PMID- 810946 TI - Cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis: light and electron microscopic examination. AB - The familial type of cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis is presented. This chronic liver disease is caused by malformation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The female infant was 5 months old when the diagnosis was established. The liver biopsy was studied by light and electron microscopy. Electron microscopic examination revealed active proliferation of ductual cells and progression of fibrogenesis, findings consistent with the rapid and fatal course of the disease. In the case presented an acute cholangitis occurred, but after healing the progression of the original process led to hepatic insufficiency. It is suggested that cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis is a chronic, progressive liver disease the course of which might be hastened by the complication of cholangitis; the process itself causes liver cirrhosis without inflammation. PMID- 810947 TI - [Bilateral renal hypoplasia with oligomeganephronie. A morphometric, light- and electronmicroscopic study (author's transl)]. AB - Kidney biopsy specimens of three patients with a special form of hypoplasia, the oligomeganephronic hypoplasia (Oligomeganephronie) were studied with light- and electron-microscopy as well as morphometric methods. The morphometric measurements demonstrated that there were no quantitative differences of the glomerular components between normal and oligomeganephronic glomeruli of patients of the same age. All of the structures measured--glomerular capillary surface, glomerular volume, volume of the glomerular capillary lumina and volume of Bowman's capsular space--were increased about 5.4 times. The volume of the proximal and distal tubules per mum tubular length in oligomeganephronic patients was disproportionally increased. The total number of glomeruli was more diminuished than mentionned in the literature until this time. The secondary glomerular sclerosis, initially focal, was progressive and supposed to be caused by "chronic overwork". PMID- 810948 TI - Osteopetrosis fetalis. Report on a case, with special reference to ultrastructure. AB - The clinical and pathological findings concerning the skeletal abnormalities in a case of osteopetrosis fetalis have been reported. The principal data can be summarized as follows. The areas of endochondral ossification have a rickety appearance because of excessive number of hypertrophic and degenerate chondrocytes. These cells are highly vacuolated and the vacuoles, which are of mitochondrial origin, contain beaded filaments which are exocytosed and become part of the matrix. The calcification process is delayed, probably in consequence of a reduced number of matrix vesicles. Abnormal collagen fibrils are sometimes present in the cartilage. The osteoclasts have a very low reabsorbing activity and appear structurally abnormal. The combined effect of all these abnormalities leads to excessive development of osteocartilaginous trabeculae in marrow spaces. These trabeculae have a Ca/P ratio of 1.79 and their mineral substance appears qualitatively normal under the electron microscope. PMID- 810949 TI - [Pituitary adenomas of patients with galactorrhea. Light and electron microscopic studies (author's transl)]. AB - A collection of 108 surgically removed pituitary adenomas was studied by histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical methods. It included 7 predominantly chromophobe adenomas of patients whose clinical symptoms consisted of a pure galactorrhea. Ultrastructurally, 4 of these adenomas contained little endoplasmic reticulum so that an endocrine activity of the tumors could not be assumed. These cases represented inactive adenomas which probably led to a disturbance of the secretion of prolactin-inhibiting factor by suprasellar extension resulting in stimulation of the non-tumorous adenohypophysis and secondary hyperprolactinemia. Another 3 adenomas consisted of cells that showed histologic and immunocytochemical reactions of the same kind as normal prolactin cells. Electron microscopically, these adenoma cells exhibited a very well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi complexes, sparsely arranged pleomorphic secretory granules, an increased number of microtubules, and interdigitating microvilli formed by the cell membrane. These features resembled closely the characteristics of stimulated non-tumorous prolactin cells during lactation, and thus could be termed "prolactin cell adenomas". These tumors surely caused a hyperprolactinemia through their own hormone production. In addition 3 other adenomas were present which showed the same light and electron microscopic structures as the prolactin cell adenomas but did not cause galactorrhea. From the findings in these cases we assume that the tumors effected neither a clinically peculiar hyperprolactinemia nor produced an endocrinologically inactive polypeptide. PMID- 810950 TI - Coronary and endocardial fibroelastosis of the ventricles in the hypoplastic left and right heart syndromes. AB - In an autopsy material of 29 cases of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome coronary fibroelastosis was found in 1 case, endocardial fibroelastosis in 8 cases. Figures for 10 cases of the hypoplastic right heart syndrome were 6 cases of coronary fibroelastosis and 1 case of endocardial fibroelastosis. Age ranged from stillborn up to 11-1/2 months. Coronary and endocardial fibroelastosis seemed to be mutually exclusive localizations of congenital fibroelastosis since in our material they did not occur together in the same hearts. In hypoplastic right hearts coronary fibroelastosis was either restricted to the right coronary artery (right circumflex and posterior interventricular branch), or it was found also in the left coronary artery (anterior interventricular branch), with the most serve affections always being situated in the right one. In the only case of coronary fibroelastosis among the hypoplastic left hearts the condition was limited to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery which communicated with the hypoplastic left ventricle by a fistula. Coronary fibroelastosis was exclusively found in branches supplying the hypoplastic right ventricle and/or in a branch connected by a fistula to the hypoplastic left or right ventricle. Endocardial fibroelastosis was generally found in hypoplastic left ventricles with either no outflow or with severe outflow obstruction. A theory concerning the aetiology of both coronary and endocardial fibroelastosis of the hypoplastic ventricles is proposed. It is argued that development of fibroelastosis may in both localizations be caused or favoured by the coincidence of two factors: abnormal haemodynamic conditions and poor oxygenation of blood and tissues. Observations made in a reference material of 35 hypoplastic left and 24 hypoplastic right hearts were in accordance with this view. PMID- 810952 TI - The immunological significance of cellular infiltrates in chronic rejection of human kidney transplants. AB - Fifteen transplanted human kidneys with clinical and histological signs of chronic rejection were examined microscopically for cellular infiltration. Three normal kidneys were used as a reference. All infiltrating cells were classified and counted. The average number of cells per 10 microscopic fields was called the relative density of cellular infiltrates. Differences in the densities of different cell classes and changes in the cellular infiltration of the grafts were regarded as cellular expressions of the immune response. Summarizing our results, we conclude that: 1) the chronic immunological rejection of transplanted human kidneys is essentially caused by immunocompetent cells; 2) plasma cells develop in the graft itself; 3) the immunocompetent cell population tends to be purely and simply made up of plasma cells; 4) therefore, the true "effector cell" among the immunocompetent cells may be the plasma cell--at least in the chronic rejection of transplanted human kidneys. Cleaved lymphocytes were the most frequent of the infiltrating cells found in the transplants. However, their role is not yet clear. PMID- 810951 TI - Ultrastructural study of calcium-containing precipitation in human parathyroid glands. AB - Using the potassium pyroantimonate technique for ultrastructural localization of cations and X-ray elemental analysis with both energy dispersive and wave-length dispersive systems, calcium-containing precipitates were found in normal, hyperplastic and adenomatous human parathyroid glands. Differences were observed between oxyphil cells, and suppressed, stimulated and active chief cells in the content and localization of intracellular precipitation. The oxyphil cells and suppressed chief cells possessed precipitates mainly in nuclei and medium-sized and large mitochondria, whereas the stimulated chief cells possessed precipitates in normal-appearing and morphologically altered mitochondria, and in smooth surfaced vacuoles and cytosol. The active chief cells usually showed a rather sparse precipitation. PMID- 810953 TI - [Contribution to the problem of the persistent sutura frontalis and sutura mendosa (author's transl)]. AB - Investigation of the cranial vaults of 336 adult autopsy cases from two continuous series, one from the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Cologne and the other from the Institute of Pathology of Heidelberg, revealed the incidence of an open sutura frontalis in 15 cases and an open sutura mendosa in one case. In the Cologne series the persistent sutura frontalis was found in 4.2 percent, in the Heidelberg series in 5.7 percent of the cases. A further analysis of the Cologne cases displayed a frequency of 8.6 percent suturae frontales in suicide cases as opposed to 2.5 percent in the compared cases. From two suicide cases of the Heidelberg series, 1 showed an open sutura mendosa together with an os incae bipartitum; the other revealed several suture bones accompanied by accessorial suture courses of the sutura lambdoidea. The differences in open-suture incidence between suicide cases and the others was significant by the X2-test. The small sample size, however, is inconclusive and another controlled observation of a larger sample is necessary. The possible mechanims for delayed suture closure and its relation to suicide are discussed. PMID- 810954 TI - An introduction to diagnostic criteria of syphilis, treponarid and yaws (treponematoses) in dry bones, and some implications. AB - Diagnostic criteria of syphilis and some other diseases are proposed from a study of 424 crania and calvariae and 250 long bones in 22 medical museums in Europe. Yaws bone lesions in Uganda and changes in Australian aboriginal bones also contributed to the establishment of these criteria. Any deductions about disease in the past or isolated populations must depend upon acceptable diagnostic criteria; post mortem damage must be recognised. In crania and calvariae the sequence of changes of Virchow's caries sicca, and in long bones nodes/expansions with superficial cavitation are sound indicators of syphilis, and of yaws and treponarid in relevant geographical areas. Attention is called to the cause of sequestra in European calvariae labelled syphilis, the absence of sequestra due to haematogenous pyogenic osteomyelitis in Australian and other aboriginal bones and possibly in Europe before the Middle Ages. The number of bones with diagnostic criteria needed to demonstrate the endemicity of a particular infection in a past community is discussed. There is also need for an extensive application of diagnostic criteria of syphilis to pre-Columbian or pre-European bones everywhere. The uncertain future of old dry diseased bones in medical museums, and the need for reference centres to provide sound advice and guidance in palaeopathology are stressed. PMID- 810955 TI - Pathoanatomical features of the kidney in myelomonocytic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The kidneys of 18 autopsy cases of myelomonocytic leukemia (MML) were examined for MML-specific features. Nine cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) served as controls. The kidneys of the cases of MML showed macroscopically detectable signs of hemorrhagic diathesis and secondary uric acid diathesis more often than those of CLL. In the MML group most of the kidneys weighed more than the normal average for the corresponding age group, but the average renal weights for the 2 groups were about the same. Renal weight and grade of leukemic infiltration, particularly in MML, revealed no significant positive correlation. In most of the cases of MML there were unevenly distributed poorly defined leukemic, infiltrates in the renal cortex and medulla. The histology resembled that of pyelonephritis. In CLL, on the other hand, the leukemic infiltrates were usually sharply defined and localized in foci in the outer cortex and the corticomedullary border region. Renal dysfunction in cases of MML has been attributed by others to hyperlysozymemia. It was found occasionally but there was no MML-typical morphological substrate in our material. Hyaline droplet change of the tubular epithelium was more frequent and more pronounced in MML than in CLL. However, we also determined that it was nonspecific and that it was not a parameter of cell damage. Tubular hyaline droplet change and the morphological criteria of acute renal failure were not positively correlated with the degree of leukemic infiltration of the kidneys or with the leukemic proliferation as a whole. Instead, they were considered to be signs and symptoms of accompanying or secondary diseases which complicated the leukemia. PMID- 810956 TI - Reversal of morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells by mitosis inhibitors and anesthetics. AB - Differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells (C 1300) were exposed to various mitosis inhibitors (vinblastine, colchicine and griseofulvin) and substances with anesthetic action (lidocaine, tetracaine, chlorpromazine and sodium dodecyl sulphate). All the drugs caused rapid retraction of the neurites, which was reversible in all cases but for sodium dodecyl sulphate, and showed a sigmoid dose-response relationship. The two groups of substances caused morphologically similar effects in that the microtubules disappeared and the intracellular orientation was lost. The order of potency of the anesthetics corresponded to their efficiency to cause nerve-block and antihemolysis as reported by others. Colchicine, griseofulvin, lidocaine and chlorpromazine were tested for effects of agglutination of undiffentiated cells. They inhibited agglutination at doses that were only slightly higher than those causing neurite retraction. The possibility of a close relationship between the cell membrane and microtubule system will be considered. PMID- 810957 TI - Cycloheximide-induced ultrastructural changes in hepatocyte nuclei in partially hepatectomized rats. AB - Nearly all the chromatin in regenerating rat hepatocytes appears to decondensed form 24 h after partial hepatectomy. When cycloheximide (CXM) is administered to partially hepatectomized rats, a marked condensation of chromatin occurs; 4 h after administration the quantity of condensed chromatin present is much higher than that found in the hepatocytes of sham-operated, untreated rats. No segregation or fragmentation of the nucleolus were, however, observed; this shows that the condensation of chromatin is not by itself sufficient to induce the segregation and fragmentation of the nucleolus. The mechanism governing CMX induced chromatin condensation in regenerating hepatocytes is discussed. PMID- 810958 TI - Gastrointestinal apudosis in obese hyperglycaemic mice. AB - Quantitative histological and immunocytochemical studies have been carried out on the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract in genetically obese mice and their heterozygous (lean) litter mates. In the ob/ob mice hyperplasia of most of the endocrine (APUD) cells of the gut was found, a condition which can be described as apudosis. Quantitative histology of silver-stained preparations, using a method which demonstrates the majority of endocrine cells, showed a significant degree of hyperplasia in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract, with statistically significant differences in the upper intestine (p = less than 0.001). Quantitative immunocytochemical studies by image analysis showed a difference in both number and hormone content of Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) (p = less than 0.001) and Enteroglucagon (EG) cells in obese as compared to lean mice. Differences in the case of Secretin (S), Gastrin (G) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) cells were not great but in the obese mice both S and G cells were present in larger numbers in the lower intestine whereas in the lean, and in normal mice, they are predominant in the upper intestine. Whether these complex gut endocrine changes are primary, or secondary to the metabolic abnormalities seen in the ob/ob mouse, cannot presently be determined. PMID- 810959 TI - Absence of a circadian rhythm in crypt cell mitotic rate following chemical sympathectomy in rats. AB - The circadian rhythms in both consumption of food by rats and in the mitotic rate in epithelial cells lining the bases of the crypts of Lieberkuhn of the proximal jejunum were studied in normal and in chemically sympathectomised rats. In normal rats both food consumption and crypt cell mitotic rat showed a distinct circadian rhythm, both parameters having a peak around 00.00 to 04.00 hours. Following chemical sympathectomy the circadian rhythm in food consumption was essentially unchanged whereas that in the crypt cell mitotic rate was abolished. PMID- 810960 TI - Fine structure of foetal rat pancreatic alpha and beta cells at term and during prolonged gestation. AB - The fine structure of the foetal rat pancreatic alpha and beta cells was described at term (Day 22) and during prolonged gestation (Days 23, 24, and 25). Gestation was prolonged by daily subcutaneous injections of progesterone to the mothers from Days 20 through 24 of pregnancy. Alpha and beta cells at term contained numerous secretory granules and well developed cytoplasmic organelles. During prolonged gestation (Days 24 and 25 only) the beta cells exhibited an increased number of secretory granules whereas the alpha cells revealed decreased numbers of secretory granules and increased numbers of Golgi saccules and associated vesicles. In addition a few alpha cells contained numerous secretory granules which were concentrated toward the cell surface nearest a capillary. The results were discussed with respect to what role foetal alpha and beta cells might have in foetal glucose homeostasis during prolonged gestation. PMID- 810961 TI - The reaction of connective tissue fibers in the tumor of Recklinghausen's disease. AB - The structure of connective tissue fibers in cutaneous neurofibroma was investigated by normal transmission electron microscopy and by the electron microscopic dark field method. Elastic fibers were found in the periphery of the tumor nodules. Proceeding towards the center of the tumor the elastin content of the fibers diminished leaving at least a microfibrillary bundle. The collagenous fibrils normally had a diameter of 300-400 A. Only in the periphery of the tumor thick collagenous fibrils (700-800 A) comparable with those of the normal skin could be detected. In the vicinity of nerve fascicles in the tumor, numerous banded structures, so called "Luse bodies" were found. PMID- 810962 TI - [Mitochondrial changes in the tubular epithelium of wistar-rats with spontaneous nephropathy (author's transl)]. AB - The proximal tubular epithelium of Wistar-rats with a spontaneous glomerulopathy is greatly strained by the consecutive massive tubular storage of proteins in aging animals and by the progression of the disease. Together with the onset of increased tubular insufficiency the mitochondria show remarkable changes. These changes occur mainly in the epithelial cells containing many pigmented residual bodies. Besides changes of the mitochondrial arrangement of the cytoplasm most frequently megamitochondria can be seen. Matrix and cristae may contain multiple inclusions, the nature of which is not clear. The changes in the mitochondria are regarded as the expression of adaptation to an altered situation of energy. PMID- 810963 TI - An adenovirus type 5 gene function required for initiation of viral DNA replication. PMID- 810965 TI - Tail--DNA connection and chromosome structure in bacteriophage T5. PMID- 810964 TI - Ultrastructure of infantile gastroenteritis virus. PMID- 810966 TI - Preparation and characterisation of a subviral particle of vaccinia virus containing the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. PMID- 810967 TI - [Immediate results of the preoperative chemotherapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 810968 TI - [Effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene metabolites on its capacity to induce skin tumors in mice]. AB - Induction of skin tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in the presence of its metabolites-7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene (7-OHM-12-MBA) and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-diOHMBA) has been studied in mice. The skin of mice was treated repeatedly with benzene or acetone solutions of DMBA (22 mug in two droplets) or with the same amount of DMBA solution together with one of the above mentioned metabolites (the molecular ratio 1 : 1 or 1 : 0.5). Neither of the metabolites affected the carcinogenic activity of DMBA under the given conditions. 7,8-benzoflavone, an inhibitior of the DMBA metabolism, strongly suppressed DMBA tumorigenesis under the same experimental conditions. Whereas the effect of benz(a)-anthracene, an inducer of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, was less pronounced. PMID- 810969 TI - [Effect of different regimens of chemotherapy and x-ray irradiation on the kinetics of experimental tumor growth]. AB - Studies on the effect of different regimens of chemotherapy and local x-ray irradiation on the kinetics of the growth of Walker carcinosarcoma and Heren carcinoma have demonstrated that in the range of dosage of alkylating action drugs under study and also irradiation, the time of the recurrence onset depends on the therapeutic regimen. In cases when tumor regression is gained, the rate of the regression is not dependent on single doses of the drug or irradiation. PMID- 810970 TI - [Role of parenteral feeding of oncological patients in suture incompetence of the anastomosis]. PMID- 810971 TI - [Diverticulum of the ascending part of the duodenum]. PMID- 810972 TI - Pesticide residues in food report of the 1974 joint meeting of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Pesticide Residues and the WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues. PMID- 810973 TI - Nutrition and metabolism of the germfree mammal. PMID- 810974 TI - Metabolism of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)quinazoline 2,4(1H,3H)-dione (H-88). II. Abosorption, distribution and excretion in rat, mouse, rabbit, monkey and man. AB - 1. The maximum concentration radioactivity in blood occurred 2-4 h after oral administration of [14C]H-88 in mouse, rabbit and man. With rat, a maximum concentration was obtained 24 h after administration of the drug at a dose level of 60 mg/kg, but only 4 h at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Unchanged H-88 comprised about 50% of serum radioactivity in rat and mouse during the first few hours, but only a small proportion of the serum radioactivity in rabbit and man. 2. The distribution pattern of the radioactivity in rat given the drug at two dose levels was similar, and this differed slightly from mouse and considerably from rabbit. Autoradiograms in rat and rabbit confirmed the findings from the distribution studies, and the autoradiographic distribution pattern in monkey was similar to that in rabbit. 3. Of the administered radioactivity 25-30% was recovered from bile within 48 h in bile-duct-cannulated rats and rabbits. Excretion of radioactivity in respiratory CO2 was negligible in the rat. PMID- 810975 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and landrin, in the rat. AB - 1. A pharmacokinetic model for distribution of carbaryl and landrin (0-5 mg/kg) in male rat has been derived. Distribution of both compounds is adequately described in terms of two kinetically distinct compartments equilibrating slowly or rapidly with the blood circulatory system. The role of the slowly equilibrating tissue compartment is particularly important for carbaryl and as a result this carbamate has a longer half-life (77 min) than landrin (42 min). 2. Less than 1% of the carbamate was excreted unchanged. The kinetics of metabolism have been studied by decline in plasma carbamate concentrations, urinary excretion, and production of 14CO2 from the 14C-carbamyl group. Enterohepatic circulation of carbamate metabolites prolongs the duration of radioactivity in the body. 3. Comparison of different routes of administration shows that oral or hepatic portal administration results in lower plasma carbamate levels than those achieved by jugular vein injection, due to a liver first-pass effect. PMID- 810976 TI - Influence of route of administration on metabolism of [14C]nicotine in four species. AB - 1. The metabolism of [14C]nicotine has been studied in four species of animals, rabbit, rat, cat and squirrel monkey, after administration by different routes. 2. Intravenous injection of 4 mug/kg [14C]nicotine every 60 s for 1 h results in peak blood levels of approximately 100 ng/ml in all species but the rabbit. [14C]Cotinine levels in blood vary widely between species. 3. Subcutaneous injection of 0.4 mg/kg [14C]nicotine produces similar peak blood nicotine levels but the time course, for a given species, is different. 4. Intragastric instillation of 1 mg/kg [14C]nicotine to the cat and rabbit results in much lower levels of [14C]nicotine in blood and relatively high levels of [14C]cotinine. 5. Urinary excretion data indicate that, irrespective of route, the squirrel monkey excretes only a small proportion of the dose into urine during the period of experiment, of which the major proportion is [14C]nicotine. The cat, in contrast, excretes a relatively large proportion of the dose during the experimental period though only a minor proportion of the radioactivity is due to [14C]nicotine or [14C]cotinine. 6. All four species are potentially useful for model experiments with nicotine, though metabolism of nicotine by squirrel monkey is most similar to man. PMID- 810977 TI - Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on nutrient-gleaning capacity of two unicellular algae. AB - Two unicellular algae, viz., Anacystis nidulans and Chlorella vulgaris, growing in polluted effluents, were isolated in unialgal and bacteria free culture. They were mutagenically exposed to ultraviolet radiation and variant strains endowed with differing capacities for growth and nutrient-gleaning were successfully isolated as distinct clones on agar plates. One such clone each of the two species was tested further and found stable. While these variant strains grew more slowly than untreated controls, statistically significant differences with respect to phosphate and nitrate uptake were found between treated and control strains of the two species. PMID- 810978 TI - Production of nutritionally-deficient mutants of the axenic blue-green alga Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-44-1 by ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 810979 TI - [Haptoglobin-Johnson-type and evident ahaptoglobinemia in 2 families]. AB - In two Leipzig families mark carriers of the rare Hp-Johnsontype as well as apparantly genetically associated with this hypohaptoglobinaemias were observed. Demonstration of the Hp-patterns of these mark carriers and comparison with standard Hp-patterns with the help of several methods (starch gel electrophoresis, agar gel diffusion test, immunoelectrophoresis). Short survey of the modern conception for the explanation of the genetic regulation of the Johnson-type. PMID- 810980 TI - [Infusion- and microcatheterization technics at an internal medicine intensive care unit]. AB - It is reported on the infusion, stimulation and microcatheter technique in an internal intensive therapy ward. From July 1st 1970 to November 11th 1974 were altogether laid 1,642 superior cavacatheters, 1,057 times by puncture of the subclavian vein and 585 times through the brachial veins. Compared with the usual infusion techniques the advantages of the cava-catheter technique consist in the fact that a constant venous approach is existing and that solutions of a high percentage and medicaments may be infused relatively undangerously. Apart from this the cava-catheter gives the possibility to carry out continuous measurements of the central venous pressure and guarantees the taking of blood samples at any time. The phlebitides or thromboses, respectively, which are regularly appearing in flexules lying longer than 40 hours are avoided in most cases. Taking into consideration the contraindications and the exact performance of the various methods especially early complications such as puncture of the arteries, pneumothorax, detachment of the catheter, extended haematomas and wrong positions of the catheter may be reduced to a minimum. As late complications distinct infections in the place of puncture, unclear, partly septic temperatures and clinically manifest thromboses were observed. In these cases the cava-catheters should be removed. The temporary electrostimulation through electrode catheters plays an important part in the emergency medicine and the mastering of the various methods of the cava-catherization is taken for granted. During the period of report altogether 423 stimulation catheters were laid. The cardiac microcatheterization should be reserved for more special cases. PMID- 810981 TI - [Changes in indication for caesarean section analysis of 1241 caesarean sections (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a large schema of indications (tab. 1, 2) 1241 Caesarean sections during 1966-1973 are analysed. The following points can be summarized: 1) The percentage rose from 6.4% (1966) to 10.75% (1973) (Fig. 1). 2) The percentage of Caesarean sections decided on for the sake of the child rose from 54% (1966/67) to 63.9 (1972/73) (tab. 3). 3) Vital indications fell due to increasingly preventive obstetrics from 71.7% (1966) to between 30% and 41.3% (1973) (tab. 4). 4) Perinatal mortality of 1258 children delivered by Caesarean section was 4.05% (tab. 5). Of Children delivered surgically for vital indications 6.1% died, of those delivered surgically for preventive indications only 0.9% died in the perinatal period (tab. 6). 5) This shift from the vital towards preventive indication is particularly pronounced for repeated Caesarean section (tab. 7) and for breech presentation (tab. 8). 6) Maternal mortality after Caesarean section reached 3.2%, after spontaneous delivery only 0.16%. This great difference in the maternal risk between those treated with Caesarean section and those with spontaneous delivery emphasizes the need for indications for Caesarean section which are critical, conscious of the responsibility and not too generous. PMID- 810983 TI - [Comparison of conventional methods for the determination of albumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin in serum with immunological reference methods (author's transl)]. AB - Radial immunodiffusion, which is a presently accepted reference method, was compared with the mechanized immunoprecipitation. Each of these specific methods was compared with two normal clinical-chemical methods for the determination of albumin and transferrin, and an enzymic method for the determination of ceruloplasmin. The correlation coefficients, the mean slope for regression, and the percentage variation of the average values from those of the average values of the reference methods are presented. In the determination of albumin and ceruloplasmin, radial immunodiffusion and mechanized immunoprecipitation give the same results. Surprisingly, these two specific methods give different results in the determination of transferrin. In as far as there is no doubt concerning the accuracy of the mechanized immunoprecipitation, this method is recommended, since it also has the advantage of being less demanding in cost and time. PMID- 810982 TI - [A glucose dehydrogenase for the determination of glucose concentrations in body fluids (author's transl)]. AB - The isolation of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium M 1286 is outlined. Data on the specificity of the enzyme towards carbohydrates are given. A specific method for glucose determination using this enzyme was developed. Methods and results of four variants of this glucose determination are presented: End point determination in the UV range, determination with formazan as reaction product, kinetic determination in the UV range, and continuous flow analysis in the UV range (AutoAnalyzer method). PMID- 810985 TI - [The use of the agar gel precipitation test for the laboratory diagnosis of smallpox]. PMID- 810984 TI - Bound and free light chains in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The kappa-lambda light chain ratios, the presence of free light chains and the double ring formation, with antikappa and antilambda serum, in single radial immunodiffusion were investigated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid samples of several multiple sclerosis cases were considered simultaneously. The results obtained suggest special immunoglobulin synthesis in both diseases. PMID- 810987 TI - [A simple sprayer for the coating with EDTA of glass tubes for blood specimen collection]. PMID- 810986 TI - [Microprecipitation in agar (MPA) as a method for the demonstration of human and animal toxoplasma antibodies]. PMID- 810989 TI - On the life cycle of Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky and Luhs, 1904) in the midgut and hemolymph of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844). PMID- 810988 TI - Immunodiagnosis of human schistosomiasis using different immunoprecipitation techniques. AB - One hundred sera of individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni and/or S. haematobium were examined for the presence of specific anti Schistosoma antibodies by means of different immunoprecipitation techniques: immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, immunoelectroosmophoresis (on two different supports), and electroimmunodiffusion. The immunoelectroosmophoresis proved to be superior to the other immunoprecipitation techniques, its main advantages being sensitivity, rapidity, and economic use of reagents. Precipitins against the antigen of the intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, were demonstrated in 66% of the sera. PMID- 810991 TI - [Drosophila and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as a model for the study of host and parasite interrelationships]. PMID- 810992 TI - [1st experiences with 5-nitro-oxyquinoline in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infection]. PMID- 810990 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations of the life cycle of Sarcocystis orientalis sp. n. in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the Malaysian reticulated python (Python reticulatus). AB - A light and electron microscopic study of Sarcocystis orientalis sp. n. was made. The life cycle of this parasite is in two hosts. Gametogony is in the intestinal epithelial cells of a predator, Python reticulatus. Isospora-like oocysts developed. Sporocysts average 9.1 by 7.7 mum. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were infected with sporocysts and asexual stages developed. Ten days after infection large zoites (average 7.85 by 2.48 mum) were observed free in peripheral blood and within white blood cells. Small schizonts producing merozoites 2-3 mum long were seen in lung tissue. Tissue cysts developed in skeletal muscle and produced numerous cystozoites (average 5.53 by 1.38 mum). Fine structure was similar to previously described Sarcocystis spp. PMID- 810993 TI - [Changes in the kidney in a case of neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - In a case of an 18-yr-old girl with generalized neurofibromatosis there was an unilateral hydronephrosis due to polypoid neurofibromas in the ureter and urinary bladder. In the kidney were interstitial neurofibromas, a great number of dysontogenetic adenomas and also neurofibromatosis of the vessels. PMID- 810994 TI - Pre- and post-emergence losses of peanut caused by aspergillus flavus link. PMID- 810995 TI - [Surgical diseases of the parathyroid glands (diagnosis and therapy)]. PMID- 810996 TI - [Massive gastro- and duodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 810997 TI - [Computation of parenteral feeding]. PMID- 810998 TI - [Technical realization of parenteral feeding]. PMID- 810999 TI - [The position of lung transplantation in experiment and in clinical medicine]. PMID- 811000 TI - [Benign esophageal diseases]. PMID- 811001 TI - [Relationship between premature labor and maternal age, as well as between premature labor and parity]. AB - Various publications of the last years and own studies, too demonstrate that birth rank and maternal age, as well, in each case independently influence the risk of prematurity. The rate of prematurity for primiparous and multiparous women is above the average; it is just the same for very young and comparatively old women. Basing on a review of literature eventual causes are briefly discussed. PMID- 811002 TI - [Cardiotocogram findings in antenatal monitoring of fetal hematoblastosis and during intrauterine intrafetal transfusion]. AB - 34 falls with Morbus haemolyticus fetalis were controled from the 30. to 40. week of pregnancy by cardiotocography. The order of the severity of fetal erythroblastosis and certain types of oscillation devoted: In slight cases of Morbus haemolyticus fetalis preponderated (Hb greater than 15 g%) a undulating curve of oscillation (80%). Middlesevere cases (Hb 9-15 g%) showed in 57.2% an undulating and in 42.8% a saltatoring types of oscillation. In cases of severe fetal anemia (Hb less than 9 g%) we found at 64.2% a silent to narrowed undulating and at 21.4% saltatoring types of oscillations. A normal type of oscillation we not observed in this group. The various degrees of a chronical fetal hypoxia caused by an anemia and a placental dysfunction have been discussed as a reason for the typical CTG-curves. At hydrops fetus et placentae are bearing silent and sinusoid heart frequency curve and the CTG-sign late deceleration. A fetal intrauterine transfusion seems not very successfully, at this findings. During the intrauterine transfusion were established in all cases to a restriction of fluctuation at simultaneous increase of frequency. PMID- 811003 TI - A theoretical approach of disinfectant testing. AB - The purpose of this study is to compare six methods of disinfectant testing, currently applied in Europe. The testing techniques are analysed into the separate elements, which can influence the activity of the disinfectant. The differences observed in these components allow to explain why in each method other parameters are evaluated and consequently, why the interpretation of the results varies from method to method. The six tests examined are (1) the suspension test of the DGHM, (2) the suspension test of the Committee on Phytopharmacy, (3) the A.O.A.C. use-dilution method, (4) the KELSEY SYKES test, (5) the surface-disinfection test of the DGHM and (6) a modified version of this latter. First of all the final concentrations of the disinfectant in the medication mixture are calculated. On the KELSEY SYKES test differs from the others, in using a much lower final dilution, up to 50% in the 3 rd stage. It is also obvious that the longer the exposure time is, the greater the killing effect on the bacteria in the medication mixture will be. To determine the germicidal activity a method needs to pass the test, the germicidal effect has been assessed starting from the inoculum applied in the medication mixture and, in case of tests that consider the absence of growth in the subcultures as end-point, the minimum extinction required. The lowest number of bacteria is applied in the inoculum of the A.O.A.C. use-dilution method (ca. 10(6)) and the highest in the modified practical surface disinfection test (ca. 10(10)). So the required germicidal effect varies from 5 (in case of the Committee on Phytopharmacy's test and the modified practical test) to more than 8 (in case of the A.O.A.C. use dilution method). Further on, the protein content of the bacterial suspension which is added to the medication mixture, is experimentically verified. Considerable differences are observed here. In some tests the presence of organic matter is negligible (the A.O.A.C. use-dilution method, the KELSEY SYKES test under clean conditions), whereas in others (the KELSEY SYKES test under dirty conditions and the practical surface disinfection tests) the protein added equals that of serum 10-30%. Finally it is mentioned that the dilutions in the KELSEY SYKES test are made with artificial hard water. From a comparison of the factors described above it clearly appears that in the distinct tests different parameters are used and that the results of one test cannot be applied to another. PMID- 811004 TI - [A comparison of the results of 4 national methods for the evaluation of disinfectants in 2 laboratories (author's transl)]. AB - At present the testing and assessment of disinfectants is carried out according to different methods in different countries. The result of this is that certain preparations or concentrations are allowed for use in some countries while they are not in neighbouring countries. A study was carried out jointly at two universities with the object of testing the reproducibility of these methods and standardizing them. Furthermore, an attempt was to be made to arrive at common test methods. In 2 labortories (A,B) we tested and compared the disinfectant activity of three disinfectant standards (phenol, aldehyde, iodophor) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) in the suspension test according to the "Richtlinien fur die Prufung chemischer Desinfektionsmittel" (Directions governing the testing of chemical disinfectants) of the DGHM, (2) in the suspension test of the "Dutch Commission for Phytopharmacy," (3) according to the "Use-Dilution Method" of the A.O.A.C. and (4) in the capacity test according to KELSEY and SYKES. Every individual test was repeated ten times. In addition we determined the reproducibility of the results by repeating the tests several times with one and the same culture and with different cultures (on different days). The exact method is described elsewhere (7). The statistical evaluation of the mean values (Tables 1,3,5 and 7) and variances (Tables 2,4,6 and 8) leads to the following findings: The results obtained with the various methods depend on the lab. technique and were specific to the germs and preparations tested. The reproducibility was best in the DGHM suspension test and the capacity test according to KELSEY and SYKES; the mean values of the two laboratories were closest for the Dutch test of the Commission of Phytopharmacy. The greatest mean value differences and scatter were observed with the A.O.A.C. "Use-Dilution Method." The conclusion of this investigation is that for the preliminary testing of disinfectants a method should be recommended which enables the determination of the acturl germ count reduction after varying periods of action and with well defined organic challenge. In order to assess the disinfectant action, however, such a test - which answers most of our questions and has optimum reproducibility - must be supplemented by main tests which simulate practical conditions as near as possible. PMID- 811005 TI - [Comparative study of four national disinfectant testing techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Four methods for the evaluation of the bactericidal property of disinfectants have been compared. These methods are (1) the qualitative suspension test of the directives for the testing of disinfectants of the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, (2) the quantitative suspension test of the dutch committee on phytopharmacy, (3) the carrier or use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. and (4) the KELSEY and SYKES' capacity test. Aim of this study has been the evaluation of (1) the repeatability and reproducibility of the test results of the four methods, and of (2) the agreement of the degree of efficiency as determined by the different techniques. At least three dilutions of the three disinfectant standards (a phenolic, an aldehyde solution and an iodophore) have been tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginoas. In this article the authors describe the methods used and the specific difficulties of these techniques. In the suspension technique of the DGHM, the use of only one subculture is stated as not sufficient for exact evaluation of the extinction. In the dutch suspension test, the use of pour plates leads to troubles. The preparative incubation time of the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. has been experienced as too long. The structure of the KELSEY and SYKES' test is complicated. Also the results by the two research-teams, are reported and summarized. It has been found that the transition from active to inactive dilution is most marked in the two suspension tests, whereas the distinction between the results of the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. is not so clear. PMID- 811006 TI - [A comparison of the assay regulations for sterility testing between the USP XIX and the European Pharmacopoeia (author's transl)]. AB - The USP XIX is to be published in the summer 1975. In this paper the most important passages of its sterility test are compared with the regulations of the EP 1. So a test should be rendered possible to come up to both Pharmacopoeia. a) Both the membrane filtration method and the direct inoculation of media may be used as the test methods. The membrane filtration method is the method of choice. But the mentioned pore diameter of 0.45 +/- 0.02 mum is too large. Those filters with a pore diameter of 0.2 +/- 0.02 mum are preferable. b) While EP 1 does not mention the culture media, USP XIX prescribes Fluid Thioglycollate Medium and Soybean-Casein Digest Medium. These culture media are not sufficient. The use of Fluid Thioglycollate Medium, Soybean-Casein Digest Medium and Fluid Sabouraud Medium is suggested. c) The same organisms are recommended for the control of the culture medium as well as for the determination of the minimal inhibiton concentration (Clostridium sporogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and perhaps a mould fungus). d) In the USP the number of samples is decided by the risk of contamination. This is preferable to the EP 1, where the number of samples is fixed by the size of the charge. e) While EP 1 lays down 7 days as an incubation time for bacteria as well as fungi, the USP XIX prescribes a time between 7 and 14 days, depending on the contamination risk and on the method used. As a compromise 10 days for bacteria and 14 days for fungi are recommended. PMID- 811007 TI - [Tests of biological indicators in controling sterilisation processes of autoclaves (author's transl)]. AB - For the control of sterilisation processes in autoclaves several biological indicators were examined and compared with native spore samples. The biological indicators were STERIKON (Merck, Darmstadt), KILIT (BBL, USA); the ampulated native spore samples came from Mainz and Berlin, furthermore Bac. subtilis was used on arenaceous quartz. To receive more accurate results and better possibilities for standardization, indicators were not tested in autoclaves but in ultrathermostates. The effect of heat on the viability of ampulated test spores was ascertained by the count of colony formating units on count plates. With two of the tested indicators, KILIT and STERIKON, success of the germicidal process can also be seen by the change of color of the contents of the ampules. Investigations showed ampulated wet spore samples to be totally inefficient, because of their low resistance level, but also suspensios of Bac. subtilis did not meet requirements. Tests of KILIT indicated equally unsatisfactory low levels of heat resistance. Only KTERIKON met the requirements and equalled native spore samples. Since the producer lowered the heat resistance, which was too high initially, by reducing the sowing of spores to 10(2)-10(3) per ml medium of the ampules, the germicidal curve became almost ideal. It has to be mentioned that STERIKON-ampules can only be recommended to ampule-producing-industries. For the control of medicaments in ampules a replacement of native spore samples by STERIKON will only be possible, after the producer has standardized the optimal heat resistance and prevented its decrease while being stored. At present native spore samples are still indispensable - also because they can be widely employed. PMID- 811008 TI - [Testing the sterilisation effect of autoclaves by means of biological indicators (author's transl)]. AB - Because of the great number of failures with sterilization-programs it seems to be necessary to check up the effect of sterilization not only by the annual official tests but also continuously with biological indicators. Marketable indicators have not to be tested necessarily at present. Therefore six different types of indicators were examined experimentally and under practice-conditions. As to be seen in table 1 samples of the same charge didn't show great differences, in spite of this germ-counts of several charges differed considerably. Reductions of germ-counts after sterilization in the autoclave at 123,5 degrees C (fig. 1) and at 134 degrees C (fig 2), as well as with hot air at 120-125 degrees C (fig 3) and 133-138 degrees C (fig 4) demonstrate the heat resistance. The individual biological indicators differ in killing-time and times of survival (table 2). Our tests demonstrate that only single biological indicators (table 4) will grant satisfying results in continuous checking of sterilization process. PMID- 811009 TI - [Transfer of organisms during exchange of heat and moisture in air conditioning installations (author's transl)]. AB - With the exhaust air from ventilation and air conditioning installations escaping into the open, the heat content is also lost which fresh air from outside obtains at considerable expense of energy and technical equipment. The heat content, on the other hand, consists of about equal proportions of sensible heat and latent heat which is associated with the moisture content of the air. In order to regain the heat content of the escaping air so as to be able to use it again - and this is becoming increasingly important with rising energy costs - heat exchangers are necessary which remove the heat content from the exhaust air and transfer it to the fresh air from outside. With the high proportion of latent heat, this energy exchange is only effective if the latent heat can also be regained. For this purpose it is essential to have exchange surfaces which store and transfer both heat and moisture. To achieve this they must come into contact with the exhaust air stream and the fresh air stream alternately. Technically, this is done in a simple way by resolving rotor-like storage material. But a rigid separation of the air streams is no longer possible. Even if it is known that there are very highly developed sealing elements between the fixed and moving parts, the question whether particles from the exhaust air can get into the newly introduced outside air through the rotating storage material still gains in importance in certain types of usuage. For example, this is of importance for hospitals, especially in the operation areas in which air conditioning is desirable for 24 hours daily on hygienic grounds, but also in schools and offices where the present normal practice, for economic reasons, of recirculating air is to be avoided to stop the transference of infections pathogens and odours. In various places, experiments have been carried out earlier with heat exchangers consisting of asbestos board and with rotating storage material coated with lithium chloride and a particularly high degree of exchange achieved. The experiments are published and had the result that nothing was transferred which could give rise to objection. Yet these experiments have been criticised from various points of view. PMID- 811010 TI - [Glass fibre HEPA filters. I. Communication: Microbiological and physico-chemical researchs on used and unused, hydrophobic and hydrophilic filter materials at relative humidities up to 98% in the climatic test chamber (author's transl)]. AB - 1. At high humidities up to 98%, an increase in bacteria cannot be detected. This applies to all HEPA filters investigated from the various manufacturers, independent of whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic, used or unused. 2. Fungal growth can only be obtained when large amounts of nutrient material (e.g. bacterial cultures) are present. In these cases a streaky growth appears . Under normal conditions of use, however, such intense contamination is not to be expected because of the prefiltration. Penetration only occurs with fungi. 3. Limitation of supply air humidity to 90% or less seems therefore to be unjustified on the basis of these investigations, if prefiltration and a satisfactory intermixing section can be guaranteed technically, and condensation is avoided. 4. HEPA filters of Grade S from various manufacturers and with different behaviour with respect to water do not allow bacterial growth even in the presence of nutrients. Additional measures for the killing of bacteria are therefore not considered necessary. PMID- 811011 TI - [The effect of lead on cells cultivated in vitro. I. Acute effects (author's transl)]. AB - Static suspension cultures of L-A cells, a subline of L929 mouse fibroblasts, were exposed to inorganic lead salts. Lead caused a growth inhibition which was independent of the anion used and which could be prevented by the addition of Ca EDTA. The LD50 was approximately 1 mM when exposing the cells for 2 days and 2 X 10(-4) M when treating them for 7 days. The minimal growth inhibiting dose was in the range of 2 to 4 X 10(-5) M. Concomitant with the dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation the fraction of cells synthesizing DNA and the mitotic rate were lowered, suggesting a block in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Energy metabolism appeared affected as evidenced by a rise in lactate production. Lactate dehydrogenase release was in the control range. Lead induced an increase in cell size and, at higher concentrations, cellular vacuolations. PMID- 811012 TI - [The behavier of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in surface water, cooling water and waste water (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on the occurrence and numerical behaviour of Ps. aeruginosa in natural waters with and without waste water contamination, in dams, cooling water circulations and cooling water discharge, in clarification plant and supplementary laboratory tests. The results show that Ps. aeruginosa may occur in the natural flora of open waters, but only following the introduction of human sewage. In the main, a more or less rapid reduction in the number of Ps. aeruginosa to low levels occurs, but periods of several days to several weeks must be allowed for this. In the presence of large quantities of nutrient, multiplication of Ps. aeruginosa in natural waters cannot be excluded. It certainly appears in technical systems such as cooling water circuits and filter plants. Presumably Ps. aeruginosa also multiplies in waste water, whereas in the biological aerobic clarification process a reduction occurs. The effect of a higher temperature on the survival or multiplication of Ps. aeruginosa could not be confirmed by laboratory experiments. PMID- 811013 TI - Effect of UV-irradiation on submicroscopic structure of human erythrocytes in vitro. PMID- 811014 TI - Experiments with limited feeding of horses under field conditions. PMID- 811015 TI - Excitation of the ventricular epicardium in the horse. PMID- 811016 TI - Atrial activation pathways and the P wave in the horse. PMID- 811017 TI - The depressional influence of ammonia on the level of blood amino acids in wethers and bulls. PMID- 811018 TI - Mammary and renal excretion of sulphadiazine in goats. PMID- 811019 TI - Mechanism of the antipyretic action of salicylates and pyrazolone derivates. PMID- 811020 TI - [Effect of alanine on acetonemia in cows and on phlorhizin-induced acetonemia in sheep]. PMID- 811021 TI - [Activity of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) at low temperatures]. PMID- 811022 TI - [Determination of the eggshell thickness. A simple method]. PMID- 811023 TI - Woodger on genetics: a critical evaluation. PMID- 811024 TI - The biological and philosophical definitions of life. AB - A distinction must be made between various levels of thought. For a definition of life the formulation on the level of natural sciences, i.e. the biological definition, will not be the same as the philosophical expression. The biological definition is based on the phenomenon of life, the appearance, and considers the molecular structure and functions of a cell. The philosophical definition regards the being and it is proposed to consider life as transcendental. It is argued that there is no opposition between these definitions, but that together they can deepen our insight into the problems of matter and life. PMID- 811025 TI - Dinferentiation in biology. AB - In this paper the authors give a survey of biological phenomena (both at the cellular level and in organisms), for which the term 'differentiation', used in the widest sense, has a meaningful application. The last chapter deals with some general aspects of differentiation and connected phenomena, such as polarity, symmetry, loss of potencies, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, adifferentiation, regulation and integration. To prevent this article becoming too voluminous, the authors had to refrain from extending the treatment of differentiation to non-living matter and to human society. PMID- 811026 TI - [Activating effect of lanthanum on the isolated coronary artery]. AB - In isolated bovine coronary arteries after preceding calcium depletion by EGTA, lanthanum causes a reversible contracutre that is independent of the presence of extracellular calcium. Also, the contracture appears to be widely independent of intracellular calcium. In the superprecipitation reaction of isolated actomyosin from bovine carotis, lanthanum ions can be substituted for calcium ions. The lanthanum contracture relies either on mobilization of intracellular calcium, or on direct interaction of lanthanum ions with the contractile proteins. In both cases it has to be assumed that lanthanum penetrates into the cell. PMID- 811027 TI - [Occurrence and function of a proteinase inhibitor in the hemolymph of insects]. AB - The presence of proteinase inhibitor has been proved in the hemolymph of a number of insect species from seven different insect orders. The amount of proteinase inhibitor in the hemolymph significantly increases after injection of inactivated bacteria into the hemocoelom of Galleria mellonella-larvae. Moreover the larvae show an increased resistance against normally lethal concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase P and extracellular proteinase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is discussed that the proteinase inhibitor is one of the factors acting in the antibacterial defense system in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella-larvae. PMID- 811028 TI - [The effect of symphathicotropic substances on liver microsomes in vivo and in vitro]. AB - Ephedrine and propranolol shorten hexobarbital sleeping time and increase amidopyrine-N-demethylation activity. Pholedrine only scarcely acts on these parameters, dihydroergotamine is effective. In vitro, ephedrine, pholedrine, propranolol and above all dihydroergotamine proved to be inhibitors of amidopyrine-N-demethylation. Noradrenaline, cAMP and dibutyryli cAMP were ineffective. An influence of the sympathetic nervous system on biotransformation activity cannot be recognized. PMID- 811029 TI - Studies on the degradation of pterine and pterine-6-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1 has been incubated in basal mineral medium which was 0.5mM in pterine or pterine-6-carboxylic acid. During incubation the test organism splits the pteridine ring by liberating carbon dioxide from position 2. Glucose added to the medium greatly enhances both the growth of the organism and the carbon dioxide formation. Despite the structural similarities between pterine and pterine-6-carboxylic acid, only the degradation products derived from pterine are fluorescent in UV-light. Among the degradation products lumazine, pyrazine-2 carboxylic acid, and pyrazine-2-carboxamide have been identified. Also the activities of pterine deaminase and a carbon dioxide-liberating enzyme have been determined. PMID- 811030 TI - Binding of the Fluorescent probes 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and N-phenyl-1 naphthylamine to bacteria. AB - Changes in fluorescence intensities in Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bacillus subtilis were investigated by means of the fluorescence probes (1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and N-phenyl-1 naphthylamine) during a temperature programmed run. A decrease in fluorescence intensity was observed in all investigated organisms when the temperature was elevated from 4 to about 40 degrees C. A strong increase in fluorescence intensity was found in gram-negative Ps. fluorescens and E. coli when the temperature was elevated over 40 degrees C. On the other hand, only a slight enhancement in fluorescence intensities was observed in gram-positive Str. thermophilus and B. subtilis when the lipid specific dye NPN was applied at elevated temperatures. Discontinuities in all the fluorescence temperature profiles were found between 20 and 30 degrees C in the case of both ANS and NPN. With ANS the fluorescence profiles turned upwards and with NPN downwards after the inflection points. The effects of KCl, NH4Cl, NaCl and LiCl on ANS binding differed from those detected for NPN. Saturation of probe binding was reached at lower salt concentrations in the case of NPN than ANS, but depended somewhat on temperature. PMID- 811031 TI - Glycogen synthetase activity in rat muscle in thermal trauma. AB - The glycogen synthetase activity and glycogen concentration were studied in rat skeletal muscle 24 hours after infliction of a burn. The active I-form of the enzyme was reduced. The total synthetase activity was unchanged. Expressed as a percentage of total synthetase activity, the I-form was decreased from 43.4% in control rats to 27.6% in burned rats. The fasting concentrations of serum insulin and muscle glycogen were not altered by the burn. The reduced synthetase I-form may explain the reduced glycogen storage capacity, demonstrated previously after a similar burn. PMID- 811032 TI - Inhibition of prolactin secretion by ergot alkaloids. AB - The effect of various ergot alkaloids on prolactin (Pr) secretion in adult female rats was determined by radioimmunoassay. Ergocorine (ECO) and ergocristine (ECR) in doses of 0.25 to 1.0 mg lowered serum Pr markedly by 1 h with the effect persisting for 24 h at the larger doses. Several other ergots had similar effects while the dihydro derivatives had diverse responses. The pro-oestrous surge of Pr could be blocked by ECR or ECO without interfering with the oestrous cycle. ECO or ECR could suppress the rise in serum Pr induced by oestradiol benzoate (OeB) (5-50 mug) in oophorectomized rats. Perphenazine (PE) stimulation of Pr could be partially antagonized by ECO depending on dose and timing of injections. ECO 2 mg produced an abrupt cessation of lactation with concomitant fall in serum Pr, and ovine prolactin restored this function. Evaluation of pituitary Pr concentration in lactating and intact rats receiving ECO leads to the conclusion that release of Pr from the pituitary is affected. ECO 1 or 2 mg produced a regression of dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumours which could not be reversed by OeB 5 mug, with persisting low serum Pr. PE 1 mg was able to raise serum Pr and stimulated tumour growth. Several of the ergot alkaloids have a profound inhibiting effect on Pr secretion and may be used for studies on Pr action, as well as in medical therapeutics. PMID- 811033 TI - [A case of primary macroglobulinemia associated with marked plasma cell proliferation of the bone marrow (author's transl)]. PMID- 811034 TI - [Protein analysis of the sera from various blood diseases by disc gel electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 811035 TI - Human leukemic intermediate DNA components. AB - The DNA extracted from human leukemic leucocytes has been fractionated on a methylated albumin kieselguhr (MAK) column. The different fractions obtained have been reannealed to a Cot value of 20 mol times sec/1 to study the distribution of the intermediate DNA on the MAK column. Intermediate DNA contains two components, one (CsCl density after reannealing, 1.703 g/ml) obtained by reannealing high molecular weight DNA, the other (CsCl density after reannealing, 1.707 g/ml) obtained only by reannealing sonicated low molecular weight DNA. High molecular weight intermediate DNA (1.703 component) is eluted early from the MAK column in the fractions corresponding to the main DNA peak, while low molecular weight intermediate DNA (1.707 component) is more widespread on the MAK column, but appears to be enriched in the fractions eluted later. The possibility is discussed that the latter component is interspersed in that part of the genome which is apparently more homogeneous in density in an analytical CsCl gradient, and is absent on the skewed, more heterogeneous, heavy side of the main DNA in CsCl. PMID- 811037 TI - Characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear RNA in normal small lymphocytes and in acute leukemia blast cells. An outline. AB - In this short review of the characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear RNA of normal small lymphocytes and of leukemic blast cells the author points out that the average life time of the molecules of this RNA class in both types of cell is much longer than that so far reported for rapidly proliferating cells. In both types of cell the newly synthesized RNA includes rapidly hybridizing sequences. There is evidence, although circumstantial, that in leukemic cells these sequences are markedly different from that of normal lymphocytes. In both normal lymphocytes and leukemic blast cells the rapidly hybridizing RNA sequences are in part involved in secondary structure. In fact, a significant fraction of the hnRNA appears in RNase-resistant form with double-stranded properties. About one fifth of the hnRNA molecules of normal lymphocytes carries poly(A) segments, whereas this proportion is markedly higher in leukemic cells. PMID- 811036 TI - Genome complexity and in vivo transcription in human leukemic leukocytes. AB - Human DNA contains 35 percent repetitive and 65 percent nonrepetitive sequences. Eight satellite DNAs have now been identified in human DNA. The highly repetitive non-satellite sequences are arranged in blocks 1,100 nucleotides long and interspersed with intermediate repetitive and nonrepetitive sequences greater than 2,500 nucleotides long. Approximately 2.5-3.9 percent of the nonrepetitive sequences are represented in total cellular RNA of normal and leukemic leukocytes. PMID- 811038 TI - Studies on nucleic acids in lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The resting lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) contain the same amount of RNA as do those of normal individuals, and in terms of different molecular species, as analyzed by polyacrylamide gels, there is very little to distinguish the leukaemic cells. However, a relatively large amount of low molecular weight RNA, similar to the SnRNA found in several other tissues, is present in the CLL cells. The products of transcription of the leukaemic cell nucleus have been studied by the incorporation of labelled uridine and methionine. The leukaemic lymphocytes show a build-up and apparent delay in processing of ribosomal RNA precursor, when compared to normals, but studies of methylation reveal that the production of mature ribosomal RNA occurs at a normal rate. The nature of the stable high molecular weight material produced is now being studied. The production of proteins on the ribosome of CLL cells seems likely to be faulty, as evidenced by the deficiency of active ribosomes in the leukaemic cells. Studies with selective inhibitors will show whether this is due to some fault in transcription of messenger RNA. PMID- 811040 TI - Histochemical studies in stomatal apparatus of Phaseolus mungo Linn. II. Localization of phosphorylase. AB - Using histochemical techniques the presence of phosphorylase in the guard cells and subsidiary cells of Phaseolus mungo leaf has been demonstrated. The intensity of reaction is intense in the material collected at night while during the day collected leaves, both chloroplastic and cytoplasmic starch was absent. The functional significance of chloroplastic starch in the subsidiary cells in relation to the stomatal mechanism is discussed. PMID- 811039 TI - [Changes in the ultrastruct of the rat kidney after intoxication with organophosphates (author's transl)]. AB - The kidneys of female Sprague Dawley rats were examined by electronmicroscopical and histochemical methods after intoxication with O-pinacolyl-methyl phosphonylfluoride. The same explorations were made with control animals, with animals after hypoxia for 24 h, and starving for 36 h. The epithelial cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubule cells showed the following changes: In the epithelial cells of the basal labyrinth there was a striking extention. The swelling of the intercompartmental space were discussed in connection with a restricted return of sodium-resorption. Further changes in the epithelial cells of the two nephron-segments after organophosphat-intoxication are the swelling of the mitochondria, the reduction of the cristae up to the total destruction of these mitochondria, the formation of myelin-figures, the swelling of the ER and the GOLGI complex. PMID- 811041 TI - Microfilaments in granulosa cells of rabbit ovary: immunological and ultrastructural observations. AB - The present observations demonstrated that the granulosa cells of developing follicles in the rabbit ovary bind antimyosin-like antibodies (AMA). The same granulosa cells studied with the electron microscope showed bundles of microfilaments in the cortical areas of the cytoplasm and within microvilli and large cellular evaginations. The immunochemical and ultrastructural results suggest that the ovarian follicles are not passive organs, but, containing contractile granulosa cells, are capable of producing "in vivo" discrete movements. PMID- 811042 TI - Cytoenzymologic activities of some oxidroeductases and alkaline phosphatase of leucocytes in Basedow, Cushing and Addison diseases. AB - Leukocytes, approached by histoenzymological methods for demonstration of dihydrofolate dehydrogenase, NADH2-diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase and alcaline phosphatase activities, provided information about the impaired metabolic balance of thyrotoxicosis, Cushing and Addison diseases. The most relevant variations were found in thyrotoxicosis, the most sensitive enzyme was dihydrofolate dehydrogenase and the less sensitive was alcaline phosphatase. The neutrophils and lymphocytes had more evident enzymic variations. PMID- 811043 TI - [Immunohistochemical evidence of insulin and glucagon in the transplanted isolated islets of Langerhans in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Isologe isolated islets of Langerhans were transplanted to diabetic rats in a peritoneal pouch and in liver tissue. By the immunhistochemical evidence of insulin and glucagon was examined the intangibility of the transplanted islets. It is profitable to transplant the isolated islets of Langerhans in the liver tissue than in the peritoneum. PMID- 811044 TI - Histological and histochemical studies on the female reproductive system of rose ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) after testosterone propionate treatment. AB - Intramuscular injections of testosterone propionate (Perandren, CIBA) at a dose level of 2.5 mg per day for 10 days into adult female parakeet caused an increment of differentiated follicles in the ovary. The histological study of the testosterone treated oviduct of the bird showed well developed villi with a significant number of tubular glands particularly in the middle and distal parts of the oviduct. The high level of alkaline phosphatase activity and ascorbic acid concentration in the distal part of the oviduct in treated birds probably increase the power of hatchable eggs which has a close relationship with the enzyme and vitamin C concentration in the uterus. The testosterone treatment causes a marked depletion of granulosal vitamins from ovary but augments the ascorbate mobilization in the thecal region to a very great extent probably due to more LH secretion from the pituitary. PMID- 811045 TI - Demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in the proventriculus of common weaver bird, Ploceus philippinus and whitebreasted kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis. AB - Acid phosphatase activity was histochemically localized in the proventriculus of two birds namely Ploceus philippinus and Halcyon smyrnensis. It was found that acid phosphatase-rich lysosomal activity appears to be relatively better developed in the proventriculus of piscivorous form, H. smyrnensis than that of granivorous form. P. philippinus. Simultaneously, a possible correlationship between the variable lysosomal activity and specific food diets of the birds has been discussed. PMID- 811046 TI - [Localization of antigenes in the pig aorta by immunofluorescence with antisera against aortic fractions (author's transl)]. AB - Immunization of rabbits with pig aorta homogenates and with aortic fractions (endothelial cells; media; "microsomal" and "soluble" fractions) yielded specific circulating anti-aortic tissue antibodies. Localization of these antibodies in frozen sections, by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, disclosed cross reactions between endothelium and media, but no reaction was observed with elastic fibers. PMID- 811047 TI - An autoradiographic study of regional differences in DNA synthesis in the brains of young adult mice. AB - An autoradiographic study of DNA synthesis has shown that repeated injections of 3HTdR result in marked regional differences in labelling of non-neuronal cells in the brains of young adult mice. The incidence of labelled cells was highest in the rudimentary subependymal layer. In the white matter of the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure, the incidence of LC was several times higher than in the grey matter. Substantial difference was found in the number of labelled cells in the granular population of the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus on the one hand, and the cerebellum on the other. Higher LI values in regions closely associated to rudimentary subependymal layer provide indirect evidence of a selective migration of dividing subependymal cells into neighbouring "target" structures. PMID- 811048 TI - [Histochemistry of cholinergic systems in the CNS. I. Topochemical and quantitative changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in the limbic cortex after septal lesions in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - In brains of female albino rats the influence of septal and paraseptal lesions on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the limbic cortex (hippocampal formation, regio limbica anterior et posterior, regio retrosplenialis) was investigated topochemically and also by a quantitative histophotometrical method. On the 4th day after bilateral lesion of the nuclei septi mediales the AChE-activity was diminished to residual values of 10 to 20% in comparison with sham-operated animals in all regions and layers of hippocampus and area dentata. Unilateral lesions of ncl. septi medialis cause stronger decreases in activity only ipsilaterally. Lesions surrounding the medial septal nuclei (ncl. septi lateralis, rostral septum, lateral hypothalamus, area preoptica especially) did not influence the enzyme activity in the hippocampal formation. After lesions in the rostral part of septum with intact medial nuclei, a reduced activity was found ipsilaterally in the layers of cingular cortex with residual values of 25 to 75% of the unaffected contralateral side. After destruction of the gyrus cinguli itself significantly lesser residual activities could be detected in this region caudal to the lesion. Quantitative estimations showed that 80 to 90% of the AChE-activity which was established by histochemical means in the hippocampal formation is immediately related to septal neurones. From these results it is evident that the hippocampal formation receives nearly all its cholinergic innervation from the medial septum exclusively. However, the cingular cortex seems to be an integrating field of other cholinergic afferences. PMID- 811049 TI - Problem of double vegetative innervation of rabbit cornea. AB - The coagulation of the sensitive part of the Gasserian ganglion in rabbits did not cause the disappearance of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres in the corneal epithelium. Most of them were very well detectable 6 to 8 days after operation. The autors cannot exclude the possibility that the interval between the coagulation and the killing the animals could be too short for disappearance of acetylcholinesterase reaction, but they express the view, that another source of corneal innervation by cholinesterase positive nerve fibres is to be taken into consideration. PMID- 811050 TI - Electron microscopic study on zinc in B cells of pancreatic islets of rat under conditions stimulating the excretion of insulin. AB - The process of insulin release from pancreatic B cells was studied electron miscroscopically using the sulfide silver method with zinc as an indicator. The location of silvered grains was regarded as the same as that of insulin. The results of various investigations stated in this report suggest that the main process of insulin release from B cells be the dissolving process of beta granules. PMID- 811052 TI - A simple procedure to detect chitin in delicate structures. AB - A simple procedure is deviced to detect chitin in egg shells and integument of parasites using iodinesulfuric acid method. It is observed that the materials do not survive in saturated alkali at 160 degrees C for 15 min, but resist the treatment of 40% KOH at 90 degrees C for 25 min, indicating that the time and temperature required for optimum hydrolysis may differ from material to material. In some preparations, an yellow-green colour was observed, which was occluded and a positive reaction was obtained with acid pretreatment, indicating that incomplete neutralization may prevent the reaction of chitin aggregates with iodine. PMID- 811051 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the aryl-sulphatase activity of the pineal gland. AB - On applying p-Nitrocatechinsulphate (2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenylsulphate) as substrate, characteristic positivity was demonstrable in the pineal gland. The reaction was localized to the Golgi system and to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, producing in them a homogenous, in the primary lysosomes a fine granulated strongly electron scattering precipitate. The development of primary lysosomes was well detectable with histochemical reaction at the level of both the Golgi apparate and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Membrane limited bodies occurring in the cells corresponded to autolysosomes. Negative reaction was obtained with para-nitro-phenylsulphate and acethyl-phenylsulphate. The presence of KCN and pCMB inhibited the reaction. PMID- 811053 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases in the kidney of a few fishes. AB - The localization of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the kidney of Cirrhinus reba, Ompak bimaculatus and Labeo gonius has been studied. In all these fishes, the enzymes are found in the proximal tubule. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is more stronger than acid phosphatase. The renal capsule, distal tubule, collecting tubule and interstitial hematopoietec tissue are all phosphatase negative. The activity is more stronger in the first proximal tubule than in the second tubule. It is probable that acid phosphatase is associated with the intracellular digestion of the macromolecules absorbed and alkaline phosphatase with the absorption of glucose from the tubular lumen. PMID- 811054 TI - A histochemical study of the mucous cells in the bucco-pharyngeal region of four Indian freshwater fishes in relation to their origin, development, occurrence and probable functions. AB - Observations on the origin, development and occurrence of mucous cells in the bucco-pharyngeal region of Labeo rohita (Ham.), Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.), Catla catla (Ham.) and Clarias batrachus (Linn.) have been made histochemically, by PAS technique. The mucous cells have been found to develop from ordinary epithelial cells of the stratum Malpighii which is situated immediately above the basement membrane. The different stages in the development of mucous cells are: 1. Formation stage: Some of the epithelial cells get modified into mucous cells according to the need of the organ concerned. 2. Maturation stage: The spherical shaped mucous cells now become elongated and enlarged due to accumulation of mucin. They remain embedded in the stratified mucosa of the bucco-pharyngeal cavity. 3. Functional stage: In the course, these cells discharge their contents - mucin into the bucco-pharyngeal cavity through an opening. 4. Degenerationstage: The mucous cells become empty soon after discharging their contents and eventually degenerate... PMID- 811055 TI - Histochemical studies of glycogen metabolizing enzymes in normal and abnormal human cervical epithelium. AB - The stratified squamous epithelium in eleven cervical cone biopsies was studied for localization of glycogen, glycogen synthetase, branching enzyme and amylophosphorylase in areas showing normal, dysplastic epithelium and carcinoma in situ. In the normal cervix glycogen was found to be present in the intermediate and superficial cells, amylophosphorylase activity was present in the basal and parabasal layers and the branching enzyme was found largely in the lower and middle zone of the intermediate layer. As the degree of abnormality increased, a progressive decrease of glycogen and branching enzyme and increasing amylophosphorylase was found, suggesting that amylophosphorylase could be a constitutive enzyme in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic cells. The method for localization of glycogen synthetase activity was not sufficiently reproducible nor sensitive for conclusions to be drawn. PMID- 811056 TI - Physiology of sexual reproduction. I. A histochemical study of the embryo sac development in Zephyranthes rosea and Lagenaria vulgaris. AB - Using histochemical techniques, changes in the localization of different reserve substances (e.g. pectic compounds, starch, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, ascorbic acid) and enzymes (Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATP ase, 5-nucleotidase, esterase, phosphorylase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and lipase) have been studied in the young and fertilized ovules of Zephyranthes sp. and Lagenaria sp. etc. Extensive changes in the enzyme activity and reserve substances are demonstrated during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis and most of the substances exhibited interesting distributional pattern. Similarly, all the enzymes investigated have specific locale of distribution in the tissues which displayed differentiation of embryo sac. The earlier changes observed are in the megaspore which contained many reserve substances (starch; nucleic acids; ascorbic acid; proteins) and enzymes (peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and ATP-ase). In the matured embryo sac different cells have differential localization of the substances. Based on histochemical studies, distinct differences are made out between egg and synergids; egg and central cell. In general antipodals have maximum accumulation of physiologically active substances and intense activity of different enzymes. Nucellus cells also stored diverse substances and enzymes especially towards the chalazal end. Pollination stimulated accumulation of several reserve substances and enzymes in the tip of nucellus beak, micropylar zone and these included starch, peroxidase, phosphorylase succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase etc. PMID- 811057 TI - [The presence and isolation of a highly zinc activated acid phosphatase in the rat brain (author's transl)]. AB - The paper describes an acid phosphatase from rat brain extracts, which is highly activated by zinc acetate. The separation of the different acid phosphatases was performed by gel electrofocusing. After staining with 1-naphthyl phosphate and hexazonium pararosanilin or stabilized diazonium salts in the presence of zinc acetate and sodium tartrate is this zinc activable enzyme fraction nearly selectively demonstrable. With the method of gelfiltration on Sephadex G 100 two fractions of acid phosphatase splitting 4-nitrophenyl phosphate with a very different molecular weight were obtained. In the presence of zinc acetate a third peak of acid phosphatase appears, which is highly activated by zinc and is different from the two other phosphatases. The gel electrofocusing of the last peak showed that it is identical with the above described, though not yet pure. By the fact that it can hydrolyze both 1-naphthyl phosphate and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH = 4.8 and that it is activated by zinc acetate but resistant to tartrate, we would call it zinc activable tartrat resistant acid phosphatase. It is possible to demonstrate this enzyme histochemically. The enzyme activity is especially high in the stromal cells of the plexus chorioideus. After further purification and characterization of this enzyme it could be possible to distinguish it from other zinc activable acid phosphatases in different tissues and body fluids. PMID- 811058 TI - [Histochemical demonstration of a zinc activated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in experimentally induced glial microtumors of the rat brain (author's transl)]. AB - The tartrat resistant zinc activated acid phosphatase (ZT-AP) was investigated in 17 glial microtumours of the rat brain. The tumours were induced by N-ethyl-N nitrosourea injected to newborn rats subcutaneously (85 mg/kg body weight). The morphology of these microtumours corresponds to the statements in the literature. In regard to their behaviour of the investigated enzyme the microtumours may be divided in 2 groups: 1) Microtumours with an activity of acid phosphatases but without any histochemically demonstrable activity of ZT-AP. Histologically they correspond to oligodendric microgliomas. 2) Microtumours with a high activity of acid phosphatases and a remarkable activity of ZT-AP especially in the perivascular cell proliferations. This type corresponds histologically to the astrocytic and mixed glial proliferations including glioblastomas. According to our present findings the ZT-AP was found in astrocytes and especially in mesenchymal cells. In some cases a focal increased activity of ZT-AP could also be observed before histological alterations appeared. We regard it as an early stage of the development of tumours. PMID- 811059 TI - Some remarks on elementary processes in quantum cell chemistry. PMID- 811061 TI - Extraction of DNA and RNA from fixed mammalian tissues with two organic acids. PMID- 811060 TI - [The method of demonstrating phenoloxidase]. AB - It is reported on the evidence of phenoloxidase containing cells (=POZ) under various experimental conditions in as well spleen and small gut of white rats as small gut and skin of rabbit. A modified technic is described which gives a shortened incubation time and a regulary pigmentation of the reactive cells. POZ are demonstrable between pH = 6.2 and 8.0. PMID- 811062 TI - [Immunhistochemical evidence of insulin and glucagon in the islets of Langerhans of the sand rats (Psammomys obesus) (author's transl)]. PMID- 811063 TI - Variation in the chaetotaxy and denticulation of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acarina: Sarcoptidae) from wild canids. PMID- 811064 TI - Desensitization during Lomudal treatment. PMID- 811065 TI - Long-term treatment with Lomudal. PMID- 811066 TI - Lomudal in exercise-induced asthma in children. PMID- 811067 TI - Complications in Lomudal treatment. PMID- 811068 TI - Effects of disodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate on asthmatic reactions to bronchial provocation tests. PMID- 811069 TI - The suppression of exercise-induced asthma by disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal). PMID- 811070 TI - The clinical effect of lomudal in children with pollen allergies. PMID- 811071 TI - Immunological asects of Lomudal treatment in pollen allergies. PMID- 811072 TI - Mechanical ventilators as vehicles of infection. AB - Twenty-five patients from the intensive care unit who had been subjected to tracheostomy and require mechanical respiration were studied. Data are presented concerning the bacteriological controls performed on the tracheal exudates, various parts of the ventilators (Engstrom Model 200 and Bennett PR-2), and the Wright spirometer. The germs found were mainly pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae germs and bacteria from the acinetobacter group. There was a high incidence of infection in the tracheostomies of these patients. We found a cause and effect relationship between the contaminating bacteria isolated from the cannula and the bacteria isolated from the tracheal exudates in the case of pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, this was not found to be the case where enterobacteriaceae were concerned. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were isolated almost exclusively in the ventilators. The study calls attention to the need for rigorous disinfection of ventilators to prevent hospital cross infections. PMID- 811073 TI - Biomechanical appraisal of some skeletal features associated with head balance and posture in the Hominoidea. AB - The condylar position index, condylar angle and the area of insertion of the nuchal musculature corrected for condylar position, direction of muscle pull and skull size were determined in Homo sapiens, Gorilla, Pan and the casts of two Neanderthal and two australopithecine crania. In all three attributes, the values of H. sapiens exceeded, by statistically significant amounts, those for the ape genera. The greater value for the condylar position index indicates a better balance of the head, that for the condylar angle reflects the more vertical orientation of the vertebral column while that for the corrected nuchal area suggests a less effective nuchal musculature in H. sapiens as compared to the apes. In the casts of the Neanderthal crania, the values all came within, or close to, the ranges for H. sapiens. In the australopithecine casts, the condylar angle cane within the ranges for H. sapiens while the condylar position index and the corrected nuchal area were intermediate in value between H. sapiens and the extant apes. These findings are consistent with observations from other skeletal regions that while Australopithecus had an upright posture, this creature was, in the complex of posturally significant morphological features, distinct from extant hominoids. PMID- 811074 TI - Carbamazepine in difficult to control epileptic out-patients. AB - Twenty-three difficult to control patients with 1 or more seizures per week despite diphenylhydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital and/or primidone in near and toxic doses and blood levels were entered in the study. 3 had grand mal. 8 psychomotor seizures and 12 had both. During a 6 1/2 month study period the patient received active drug and placebo for 3 months each; randomized, double-blind. The dose was to be increased within 4 weeks up to 6 capsules per day equal to 1,200 mg of carbamazepine (C), while the doses or previously taken (basis) anticonvulsants were to remain unchanged. Hematopoetic system and heptic functions were monitored. Complete seizure control attributable to C was not achieved in any, but up to 50% improvement occurred in 12 patients. Questionable improvement was thought to take place in 3 patients, no change occurred in 7, and psychomotor seizures became more frequent in 1 patient. A clear-cut psychotropic effect was not observed. Adverse effects attributable to C were a decline of WBC below 4,000 with relative neutropenia in 3 patients followed by at return to the previous after discontinuation of C. Nystagmus and unsteadiness were seen in about half of the patients, and some headache and drowsiness occurred in one quarter. The highest C blood level was 11.8 mug/ml, the lowest 3.8 mug/ml (average 5.6 mug/ml) during 1,200 mg intake. It seemed, generally, that intoxication occurred with lower blood levels of carbamazepine in those patients whose basis anticonvulsant blood levels were highest. PMID- 811076 TI - A controlled trial on clonazepam INN (Ro 5-4023, Rivotril (R)) in the treatment of focal epilepsy and secondary generalized grand mal epilepsy. AB - In a controlled clinical investigation based on 14 patients with focal seizures and 3 patients with secondary generalized grand mal epilepsy, all with insufficient response to conventional anti-epileptic treatment, clonazepam (Rivotril(R)) combined with previous anti-epileotic drugs was compared with placebo combined with the same drugs. The trial was singleblind cross-over with sequential analyses. With a daily dose, depending upon age, of usually 3-6 mg, the antiepileptic effect of Clonazepam was significantly superior to placebo and was estimated as remarkably good. Side-effects in the form of somnolence, fatique, drowsiness and co-ordination disturbances occurred in most of the patients but subsided spontaneously or could be managed by slow increase or slight reduction in dosage. PMID- 811075 TI - Plasma level and effect of carbamazepine in grand mal and psychomotor epilepsy. AB - In 117 patients with grand mal and psychomotor epilepsy the effect of carbamazepine alone or in combination with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin was registered and correlated to the plasma level of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine was found to be an effective anticonvulsant in the treatment of grand mal epilepsy. The therapeutic level was higher than 4 mg/1. Carbamazepine given alone was rather ineffective in the treatment of psychomotor seizures. PMID- 811077 TI - A prospective study of the relationship between plasma levels and effects of phenytoin in grand mal epilepsy. PMID- 811078 TI - Cataracta ossea and other intraocular ossifications. A case report and a thirty year Danish material. AB - Cataracta ossea is described in a 5-year-old Danish boy, representing a sequal to a unilateral measles-endophthalmitis 3 years earlier. Ossification was not demonstrated elsewhere in the eye. Further, cases of intraocular ossification over a 30-year period were reviewed, based on the files of the Eye Pathology Institute. The total of 155 made up about 3% of enucleated eyes from Danish material received for examination. Regarding age at the initial eye lesion, more than half appeared within the first decade of life. The most frequent underlying lesions were trauma (32%) and uveitis (25%). Among the less frequent causes, emphasis is given to three cases of malignant uveal melanoma. Ossification of the lens was not encountered in the series - except for the case which motivated the review. PMID- 811080 TI - Effect of different vestibular lesions upon body equilibrium function in squirrel monkeys. AB - By utilizing the squirrel monkey rail test, postoperative compensation status after unilateral saccular macula destruction, unilateral utricular nerve section and unilateral lateral ampullary nerve section, were studied in a quantitative fashion and the results were statistically compared. First, it was confirmed that the preoperative random assignments of subjects were evenly distributed among different experimental categories and therefore inter-categoric statistical comparisons of postoperative status were valid. Minimal effect after the unilateral saccular macula ablation toward the maintenance of body equilibrium was reconfirmed. The utricular input is probably the most important for the maintenance of body equilibrium function, inasmuch as slightly less equilibrium disturbance was found after unilateral lateral ampullary nerve cut even though the difference was not significant. PMID- 811079 TI - A comparison between two types of visually-evoked nystagmus in the monkey. AB - Similarities between optokinetic nystagmus (O.K.N.) and flicker-induced nystagmus (F.I.N.) include: response buildup and occurrence during the entire period of stimulation; absence of habituation; after-nystagmus in the same direction, occasional after-after-nystagmus to the opposite side; frequency spectrum, peak frequency and existence of lower and upper frequency thresholds. Phenomena are different in that for O.K.N. the stimulus is in motion; binocular and monocular stimulation are effective; direction is determined by direction of motion; unidirectionality is absent; there is minimal influence of background illumination, posture, labyrinthine receptors, and section of crossed optic fibers. For F.I.N. the stimulus is stationary; the response is elicited only by monocular stimulation; the direction is determined by the stimulated eye; there is exclusive unidirectionality; it is abolished by background illumination, optic chiasm section and bilateral labyrinthectomy; it is strongly influenced by posture. This comparison suggests that O.K.N. and F.I.N. are separate responses and that the effective stimulus for F.I.N. may activate selectively the crossed optic fibers. PMID- 811081 TI - Mannosidosis: findings in cultured fibroblasts and urine. PMID- 811082 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia or congenital encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia? AB - Congenital encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia (CEOD) is described in 2 cases. The eye signs, clinically identical to the cicatricial stage of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), are combined with brain maldevelopment and occurred without oxygen treatment. RLF in a strict sense could be reserved for oxygen-induced retinopathy in prematures. PMID- 811083 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the appendix in von Recklinghausen's disease. A report of a case. PMID- 811084 TI - Regional distribution of DMBA-induced mammary tumours in the rat. AB - Since human mammary cancers have a preference for certain regions of the breast, registration of the topography of DMBA-induced mammary tumours in rats was performed. This revealed that most of the tumours occurred in the upper, or thoracic, mammary glands. While the number of tumours in the two abdominal mammary regions was found to be rather constant, the incidence in the two thoracic regions had a tendency to mutual variations. A regional registration should be made in all experiments dealing with induced mammary tumours. PMID- 811085 TI - Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Radiologic planning and treatment techniques. AB - In radiation therapy for carcinoma of the bladder, various anatomic and physiologic factors affect the position of the target volume and introduce errors in the treatment technique. The radiologic procedures for planning and follow-up of the patients must consider these factors. The beam geometry is also of decisive importance for minimizing the effect of these factors and for avoiding injury to surrounding structures. The irradiation procedure of choice should be a four beam technique with supervoltage roentgen radiation. PMID- 811086 TI - Normal iron absorption determined by means of whole body counting and red cell incorporation of 59Fe. AB - Gastrointestinal iron absorption has been measured in 27 apparently healthy subjects (8 males and 19 females) by means of whole body counting. Whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 muCi59Fe with a carrier dose of 9.9 mg Fe2+ was used as an expression of absorption. The percentage incorporation of the orally applied 59Fe into the total erythrocyte mass within 14 days (erythrocyte incorporation) was estimated as well. Geometric mean iron absorption was 9.1 +/- 2.2 (S.D.) % in males and 8.3 +/- 2.1% in females; in the entire series it was 8.5 +/- 2.1%. The difference between males and females was not significant. Arithmetic mean red cell utilization of absorbed 59Fe was 92.9 +/- 4.0 (S.E.M.) % in the entire series. The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation was found to be highly significant (r=0.96, p less than 0.001). PMID- 811087 TI - Production of gibberellin-like substances by bacteria and fungi isolated from the roots of pine seedlings (Pinus silvestris L.). AB - The production of gibberellin-like substances by bacteria and fungi was investigated. A considerable number of the microorganisms studied produced these substances (55 and 86% of bacterial and fungal isolates respectively). Most of the organisms tested synthesized biologically active substances located on the chromatograms with the solvent system benzene, acetic acid (10:3 v/v) at Rf 0.05- 0.3. The ammount of gibberellin-like substances produced varied in the range 0.00007--0.00065 GA3 equivalents mug/ml in bacteria and 0.00014--0.00118 mug/ml in fungi. PMID- 811088 TI - Inhibitors produced by algae as an ecological factor affecting bacteria in water. II. Antibacterial activity of algae during blooms. AB - It has been found that during algal blooms in an eutrophic lake occurs elimination and selection of bacteria. In this period a strong decrease in number of bacteria in the water was observed. The effect of the antibacterial substances produced by algae on the growth and respiration of bacteria isolated from the lake was investigated. The bloom forming algae were found to produce substances inhibiting the growth and respiration of Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative rods were resistant to the action of these substances. The algal substances inhibited also degradation of organic matter in the lake but only in the euphotic zone. PMID- 811089 TI - Proceedings: Immediate and early traumatic cerebral seizures. PMID- 811090 TI - Proceedings: Meningiomas and neighboring structures. PMID- 811091 TI - Renal transplantation in children. PMID- 811093 TI - Glomerular and vascular lesions in chronic atrophic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy. PMID- 811092 TI - Target sites of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) along the segments of the nephron. PMID- 811094 TI - The arterial lesions in the course of renal allograft rejection phenomena. PMID- 811095 TI - Focal and segmental hyalinosis. PMID- 811096 TI - Studies on the amyloid A protein (AA protein) and a related serum component purification-partial characterization and tissue origin and distribution in different types of amyloidosis. PMID- 811097 TI - [Ciliary vein in monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 811099 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on zonule. 3. Its origin and development (author's transl)]. PMID- 811098 TI - [Tear proteins--low molecular proteins and lysozyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 811100 TI - Formal aspects of vigilance during petit mal paroxysm. AB - Relationship between amplitude and interval of healthy and epileptic children's alpha activity was investigated. A directly proportional, though non-linear (mostly exponential) correlation was found, i. e. the higher the waves, the wider their are, and vice versa, the lower, the narrower. This is a well-known feature of clinical electroencephalography, representing a good organization of EEG elements and, in terms of physiology, suggesting good "co-operation" of the recruitment process excitation and inhibition. Low interval values are matched by equally low amplitude values while inhibition is adequate. At higher interval values, amplitude is seen rising rapidly, inhibition is inadequate resulting in "paroxysmal" alpha activity which is occasionally found assuming the nature of spike and slow wave activity. The appearance of such principal changes in the recruitment process is abrupt, but a certain part of the changes often fails to manifest itself in the EEG curve. Epileptic children's alpha activity has a relatively higher amplitude, slower rhythm and a more regular regulation of amplitudes and intervals as well as that of their ratio. This is in line with the tendency toward hypersynchrony of EEG elements in epileptics. Epileptic spike and wave activity has an opposite sense of regulation as to the relationship of spike amplitudes and intervals, the principle being: the higher the spikes, the shorter the intervals between them. Apart from frequency, amplitude and angular velocity, that is another substantial difference between alpha activity physiological synchronization in vigilance and pathological spike hypersynchronization in petit mal seizure. Changes in vigilance seem to be in agreement with this phenomenon. The nature of recruitment process regulation (given in type of function) appears to be very stable, often remaining unchanged even under pathological conditions. Thus e. g. aplha wave recruitment during vigilance and spike recruitment during seizure are linear in either case. But while in alpha activity the amplitude interval ratio is directly proportional, in spikes the proportionality is inverse. Alpha activity appears to be accompanied by inhibitory processes, spikes by excitatory processes. The number of active neurones and their synchronization in the course of spike-wave episodes is higher than during alpha activity. For that reason, in the course of epileptic recruitment process, expedient temporal spatial integration of neuronal activity decreases to be superceded by simplified hypersynchronous reverberation with lower analytical-synthetic ability and lower reflectivity. PMID- 811101 TI - Nitroglycerin treatment following experimental coronary occlusion. AB - The effect of sublingual (0.2 mg.) nitroglycerin (TNG) was studied in anesthetized dogs before and after coronary occlusion. Coronary artery occlusion was accomplished by embolization of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. TNG was administered before embolization and again at one minute, one, two, and six hours after embolization. TNG treatment did not significantly increase the number of arrhythmias or deaths compared to untreated animals with coronary occlusion. Hemodynamic and blood biochemical parameters were measured 5 to 15 minutes after TNG treatment. At this time of measurement, blood pressures (AO, LV, LA, PA, RV, RA), cardiac output, pulmonary and systemic resistances, and left ventricle work were not significantly different in the TNG-treated group compared to the animals with coronary occlusion but no TNG treatment. In the first five minutes after TNG administration, aortic pressure is reduced. Blood samples withdrawn five minutes after TNG treatment are not significantly different from the untreated animals in PO2, PCO2, pH, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, LDH, CPK, and SGOT. It is concluded that TNG is not detrimental to animals with acute coronary occlusion and that TNG has a transient, short-duration effect. PMID- 811102 TI - Oral nitroglycerin as a prophylactic antianginal drug: clinical, physiologic, and statistical evidence of efficacy based on a three-phase experimental design. AB - With the use of a three-phase experimental design, the efficacy of oral nitroglycerin has been evaluated in a total of 53 patients with documented angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The study were a double-blind, randomized, and cross-over comparison of controlled-release nitroglycerin (2.6 mg. tablets administered three times daily) and an indistinguishable placebo. Sixteen patients recorded anginal symptoms by the diary method over a 6 month trial of randomly sequenced 1 month periods of drug or placebo. In 15 patients, ST segments were monitored with a Holter dynamic electrocardiograph for periods of 10 to 12 hours under normal life style and evaluated by matching activities during periods of drug and placebo. In 22 patients, a multistage treadmill exercise test was conducted to an endpoint of anginal pain. The three phases of the investigation were run in succession; each phase was completed before the next one was begun. Oral nitroglycerin reduced the incidence and severity of anginal attacks by 47.2 and 49.4 per cent, respectively, and decreased the number of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets used by 51.1 per cent in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.001). Eleven of 16 patients (69 per cent) decreased their need for sublingual nitroglycerin by over 50 per cent. Based on a polynomial trend analysis over a period of 8 weeks, no tolerance to the therapeutic effects of the drug was found. With DCG monitoring, drug decreased the ST segment depression from 1.76 mm. on placebo to 1.12 mm, with a significant difference of 0.64 mm. (p less than 0.001). ST segment depression was decreased more than 0.5 mm. by drug in comparison to placebo in 10 of 15 patients (66 per cent). Larger depressions of the ST segment noted with placebo at heart rates greater than 80 beats per minute were prevented by administration of the drug. During treadmill exercise, drug delayed the onset of pain by 83 seconds (64 per cent) over placebo (p less than 0.001) and decreased the duration of pain by 70 seconds (49 per cent) in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.001). Drug did not affect heart rate or systolic blood pressure at rest or after exercise, as well as rate pressure product for production of angina following exercise (p less than 0.05). There was no side effects reported caused by the drug. The data demonstrate that oral nitroglycerin, given as controlled-release tablets, was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in quantities sufficient to provide statistically significant clinical improvement of angina pectoris. PMID- 811103 TI - Spasm, constriction, and hypertensive cerebral arteries. PMID- 811104 TI - Regional left ventricular wall dynamics before and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. AB - Regional wall dynamics of the left ventricle before and after sublingual administration of 0.6 mg of nitroglycerin were determined from left ventricular angiograms in 27 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Regional wall dynamics were quantitatively measured from 60/sec determinations of wall thickness and derived peak rate of systolic wall thickening (peak dTw/dt) in selected sites of the left ventricle. A total of 70 regions were studied. Analysis of the same segment before and after administration of nitroglycerin revealed that the mean change in peak dTw/dt was +1.97 cm/sec in segments with an initial peak dTw/dt of less than 5 cm/sec, in contrast to a change of +0.66 cm/sec in segments with an initial control value of 5 cm/sec or greater. Akinetic or dyskinetic areas did not show improvements after nitroglycerin. In 11 left ventriculograms, an area that was initially hypokinetic manifested an increase in rate of wall thickening after nitroglycerin. The mean increase in peak dTw/dt in anterior segments with electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction was 0.18 cm/sec (P less than 0.05) after nitroglycerin, compared with a mean change of 1.33 cm/sec in anterior segments without such evidence. This study presents evidence for a regional myocardial response to nitroglycerin with differing responses within the same ventricle apparently depending upon the functional state of the underlying myocardium. PMID- 811105 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin on the major determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption. An angiographic and hemodynamic assessment. AB - A direct and quantitative study of the effects of sublingually administered nitroglycerin on the major determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption was carried out in 10 patients, 7 with coronary artery disease. Left ventricular wall tension, estimates of the contractile state and heart rate were studied directly using simultaneous pressure measurements and angiographically obtained volume determinations. The peak systolic left ventricular wall tension decreased 15 percent after administration of nitroglycerin, suggesting a diminished myocardial oxygen requirement. Increased myocardial oxygen requirements were suggested by the occurrence of both positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. Heart rate increased 15 percent. The mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity increased 26 percent and the ejection fraction 30 percent; these findings, in association with a 23 percent reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, were considered consistent with an increase in the contractile state. The mechanism of action of nitroglycerin seems to relate best to the decrease in systolic wall tension. The end-diastolic tension decreased 57 percent, suggesting the possibility that diastolic coronary blood flow may be augmented by diminished extravascular resistance to flow. PMID- 811106 TI - Nitroglycerin in experimental myocardial infarction. Effects on regional left ventricular length and tension. AB - Controversy has existed concerning the value of nitroglycerin therapy in acute myocardial infarction. With use of Walton-Brodie strain gauge arches and mercury in-Silastic segment length gauges, the effects of nitroglycerin (30 mug/kg intravenously) were studied on local tension and length characteristics of the ischemic, border and nonischemic zones of the left ventricle in 10 open chest dogs. In the nonischemic zone total tension increased to 144.8 +/- 13.6 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) percent (P less than 0.005) of control levels, and segment length decreased to 79.4 +/- 4.4 percent (P less than 0.01) with infusion of nitroglycerin 15 to 30 minutes after coronary ligation. Changes were similar in the groups given nitroglycerin 45 to 60 minutes and 2 to 3 hours after ligation. The border zone exhibited an increase in total tension to 132.3 +/- 8.4 percent (P less than 0.005) of control level and a decrease in segment length to 79.0 +/- 2.4 percent (P less than 0.001) in the 15 to 30 minute group. In the 45 to 60 minute group, tension increased to 117.9 +/- 4.8 percent (P less than 0.005), whereas length decreased to 86.8 +/- 1.4 percent (P less than 0.001); and in the 2 to 3 hour group tension increased to 124.9 +/- 6.0 percent (P less than 0.005), and length decreased to 91.9 +/- 3.5 percent (P less than 0.001). The decrease in magnitude of responsiveness in the 45 to 60 minute and 2 to 3 hour postligation groups compared with the 15 to 30 minute postligation group was highly significant (P less than 0.005). The central ischemic zone showed no significant change in tension or length in any group. Maximal response to nitroglycerin administration in both tension and length parameters was observed within 30 to 60 seconds and was concomitant with a decrease in systolic pressure to 73.3 +/- 1.9 percent (P less than 0.001) and an increase in heart rate to 107.2 +/- 1.0 percent. Nitroglycerin improves the contractile performance of the nonischemic and border zones after coronary occlusion without affecting the central ischemic zone. However, the border zone exhibits a progressive decrease in contractile response as a function of time. These data suggest that nitroglycerin has the overall effect of functionally reducing the extent of the ischemic area and strongly supports its potential clinical usefulness in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 811107 TI - Safe protein-calorie ratios in diets: reply Drs. Sukhatme and Payne. PMID- 811108 TI - Effect of varying ratios of fat and protein in fiber-free semisynthetic diets on fecal output of pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). AB - The effect of varying the ratios of dietary fat, protein and carbohydrate on the amount and composition of fecal output was studied in adult, male pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) fed liquid, fiber-free semisynthetic diets. The dietary nitrogen was supplied as an enzymatic protein hydrolyzate (biological value = 86%), the fat as corn oil, and the carbohydrate as corn syrup solids. Vitamins and minerals were added to meet the nutritional requirements of this monkey. Nine diets were fed for 2 weeks, and fecal excreta collected daily after 4-day adaptation to a new diet. The levels of protein/day were 40, 80, and 160 kcal/animal and the levels of fat/day were 4.5, 22.5, and 112.5 kcal/animal. Carbohydrates were adjusted to maintain the diets isocaloric (700 kcal/day per monkey). The assumption was made that a) there was no time trend, and b) that the preceding diet had no carry-over effect on the next diet being tested. Results suggest that total fecal output was greater on the high protein diets, especially when fat levels were either 4.5 or 112.5 kcal. The 22.5 kcal fat and 160 kcal protein did not show an increase in fecal output. These fecal output differences were related to changes in fecal moisture but not in dry fecal matter. Increased nitrogen loss in the feces was noted for all 160 kcal protein diets, and especially so when the fat level was 4.5 kcal. The 112.5 kcal fat diet produced feces higher in total lipids. If a fiber-free formula diet is designed to induce a minimum of fecal bulk, the most satisfactory formulation appears to be one with a moderate amount of dietary fat, and a protein content in the general range of the recommended daily allowance. PMID- 811109 TI - Platelet aggregation induced by antilymphocyte serum. I. Differences between washed and unwashed platelets. AB - Horse antilymphocyte serum (ALS) induced active release of nucleotides and aggregation of washed human platelets. It also caused lysis of platelets in the presence of plasma. The sequence of lytic processes was studied by electron microscopy. Aggregation induced by ALS was not mediated through ADP in either washed or unwashed platelets, but was inhibited by those inhibitors of secondary platelet aggregation. In unwashed platelets heparin inhibited the cytolysis and aggregation completely, while prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) did not; in contrast, PGE1 completely inhibited the aggregation and release of nucleotides from washed platelets, while heparin did not. The possible mechanisms of ALS-induced aggregation are discussed. PMID- 811111 TI - Letter from abroad: Zaria, Nigeria. Problems relating to nutrition. PMID- 811110 TI - Picture of the month. PMID- 811112 TI - Estimation of hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase in patients with noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and liver disease: Significance and limitations. AB - Using a micromethod, hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase has been assayed in percutaneous needle biopsy samples obtained from patients with infectious hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, Gilbert's disease, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), granuloma of the liver, and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. The results were compared with those obtained from 10 control subjects. Patients with cirrhosis and infectious hepatitis revealed normal bilirubin transferase levels, whereas those with Gilbert's disease showed significantly low enzyme levels. Many patients with NCPF, some with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, and patients with granulomatous involvement of the liver demonstrated significantly low levels. This low hepatitic-enzyme activity was not associated with hyperbilirubinemia. The mechanism of such low values in NCPF and other disorders is not known. It is postulated that low heaptic-enzyme activity in noncirrhotic portal fibrosis is due to sparse smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This study also emphasizes that serum bilirubin may remain normal with very low hepatic-enzyme activity. Although induction of the microsomal enzyme bilirubin transferase was observed following phenobarbitone administration in noncirrhotic portal fibrosis, this was not apparent in patients with cirrhosis, possibly due to maximal enzyme induction having been achieved by endogenous substrate. PMID- 811113 TI - Long-term parenteral nutrition in the home. AB - A program to train patients to self-administer total parenteral nutrition solutions at home is described. The method of training, equipment used, results obtained and the role of the pharmacist in this program are discussed. PMID- 811114 TI - Preparation and standardization of nitroglycerin injection. PMID- 811115 TI - Factors affecting the kinetic assay of nitroglycerin in dosage forms. AB - Parameters affecting the spectrophotometric kinetic assay for nitroglycerin are described. It is shown that the assay is highly specific; results are not significantly affected by many of the tablet diluents found in commercially available nitroglycerin tablets. Further, the assay is insensitive to glycerol, nitrate, nitrite and glyceryl dinitrates. This simple, precise and specific nitroglycerin assay is well suited for routine analysis of the drug in commercial tablets and parenteral solutions in hospital pharmacies. PMID- 811116 TI - Letter: Rapidity of action of stabilized nitroglycerin tablets. PMID- 811117 TI - Letter: Pharmacy attachment of intravenous sets. PMID- 811118 TI - Letter: Role of the nutritionist in parenteral nutrition therapy. PMID- 811119 TI - Viral gastroenteritis induced by the Hawaii agent. Jejunal histopathology and serologic response. AB - Peroral jejunal biopsies were performed in seven normal volunteer subjects prior to, 48 hours after and two weeks after the administration of the Hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed an intact mucosa with blunted villi, shortened and distorted microvilli, swollen mitochondria and intercellular edema. These histologic changes were seen only in acutely ill volunteer subjects and were absent two weeks after illness in three of four who were previously ill. This reversible lesion was similar to, but not identical with, that previously described in viral gastroenteritis induced by the Norwalk agent. Serum antibody increases in response to the Hawaii agent as measured by immune electron microscopy were present in three of four ill volunteer subjects and in none of three who remained well. PMID- 811120 TI - Nurse autonomy; reality not rhetoric. PMID- 811121 TI - Pressure-induced changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelium lining Schlemm's canal. AB - In a transmission electron microscopic investigation of the endothelium lining Schlemm's canal subjected to graded levels of intraocular pressure (0 to 50 mm Hg for one hour), there was an increase in the number of vacuolar structures with the increase in pressure (range, 8 to 30 mm Hg). At 0 mm Hg, giant vacuoles were absent, while at 50 mm Hg their numbers were less than at 22 and 30 mm Hg. Vacuoles were invaginations either from the meshwork or from the canal surface of the endothelium. A few were transcellular channels that possibly served as a pressure-sensitive outflow system. In addition, the numbers of nonvacuolar transcellular channels and minipores increased with an increase in pressure while the numbers of pinocytotic and micropinocytotic vesicles decreased. The changes were not accompanied by alterations in organelles associated either with protein or energy production. At 50 mm Hg, breaches in the endothelium lining the trabecular wall were obvious and aqueous outflow was considered to be by nonphysiologic routes. PMID- 811122 TI - Clinical-pathological correlation in massive periretinal proliferation. AB - In the owl monkey, proliferation of pigment epithelial and glial cells occurred in varying degrees in nearly all eyes with retinal detachments. These cells grew and formed membranes on all available intraocular structures in the posterior part of the eye, such as vitreous structures and inner and outer retinal surfaces. Clinically, this process covered a wide variety of lesions, including fixed retinal folds. Depending on the location, size, and extent of the pigment epithelial or glial membrane, different types of fixed folds occurred. In an exaggerated end stage of this proliferative process, a clinical picture may develop identical to what has been called massive vitreous retraction or massive preretinal retraction in humans. To emphasize the importance and ubiquity of cellular proliferations, we called this entity massive periretinal proliferation. PMID- 811124 TI - Protein synthesis in vitro by cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes obtained from infected owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and stored in the frozen state retain both the capacity to incorporate 14C isoleucine into protein and to infect animals. The cryopreservation method involves the use of glycerol and the reconstitution of isotonicity after thawing. Animals have been infected from material held for up to 273 days and protein synthesis has been demonstrated in vitro for up to 180 days after freezing. The specificity of protein synthesis as an activity of the parasites was shown by the inactivity of control uninfected erythrocytes stored by the same method. Additional evidence for the specificity of the reaction was obtained from inhibition studies with chloroquine; a 7 X 10(-5) M concentration of the drug resulted in 50% inhibition of the initial rate of protein synthesis. PMID- 811123 TI - Platelet interaction with bacteria. IV. Stimulation of the release reaction. AB - Release of 14C-serotonin from human platelets prelabeled with 14C-5 hydroxytryptamine was measured during platelet aggregation induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Platelet-bacteria interaction (PBI) was as potent a stimulus of the platelet release reaction as collagen, thrombin, or epinephrine. Inhibitors which blocked platelet aggregation also prevented the release reaction of PBI. Sequential measurements of release, when correlated with nephelometry of aggregation, showed close correlation between the onset of release and the onset of platelet shape change and early aggregation. Ultrastructural studies with polylysine, an agent capable of polymerizing platelet granule contents, revealed that granule components are secreted to the region of the bacteria trapped between platelets in the forming aggregates. Platelet peroxidase activity remained localized within the dense tubular system of the platelets. PMID- 811125 TI - Simian Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: studies of coagulation and pathology. AB - Uniformly fatal simian malaria was induced in ten rhesus monkeys by injection of Plasmodium knowlesi. The results of serial studies of platelet and blood coagulation factor levels suggested the occurrence of intravascular coagulation during the last 48 hours of the disease, concurrent with a marked fall in hematocrit levels. Fibrinogen survival was slightly decreased (two animals), but quantitative fibrinogen levels were elevated. Pathologic studies revealed only minimal evidence of fibrin deposition without indication of resultant tissue damage. The results are consistent with terminal intravascular coagulation possibly triggered by massive destruction of parasitized red blood cells. PMID- 811126 TI - Isolation, identification, and biological characterization of Acanthamoeba polyphaga from a human eye. AB - Trophozoites and cysts of an Acanthamoeba were repeatedly isolated from the corneal scrapings of a patient suffering from acute ulceration of the right eye. The ameba was cloned and cultivated axenically in a proteose peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium. At a later date the organism was identified as A. polyphaga on the basis of its morphologic characteristics, especially those of cysts. Experimental studies on the in vitro interaction of this organism with monkey kidney tissue culture (Vero line) and its pathogenicity to mice indicated that it was a low virulent strain. When large numbers of amebae (25,000+) were inoculated into Vero cell cultures, cytopathic effects (CPE) were noticed within 5 to 6 days. The CPE consisted of cell shrinkage, nuclear pyonosis, and discontinuity of cell sheet, and the cell culture was totally destroyed in 8 to 10 days. When 20,000+ amebae were instilled intranasally into each of 20 2-week old mice, only 1 mouse died, on the 28th day. Amebae were isolated from the brain of the dead mouse, and trophozoites and cysts were also demonstrated in the brain sections. When amebae isolated from the brain were intranasally instilled into mice, they failed to kill the mice for at least 1 month; however, when 10,000+ amebae were inoculated intracerebrally, the mice died within 5 to 8 days, exhibiting symptoms of primary meningoencephalitis. PMID- 811127 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever (tick-borne typhus) in South Carolina: an educational program and tick/rickettsial survey in 1973 and 1974. AB - Because the incidence of spotted fever is increasing in South Carolina, campaigns were carried out in 1973 and 1974 to provide the public and medical practitioners, through pamphlets and news media, with information about spotted fever and the ticks which transmit the causative agent, Rickettsia rickettsii. People were also invited to save and submit live ticks removed from vegetation, animals and humans, for examination by the hemolymph test. A total of 1,186 ticks consisting of 987 Dermacentor variabilis, 103 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 96 Amblyomma americanum were examined. Rickettsiae identified by direct immunofluorescence as members of the spotted fever group were detected in 49 (4.9%) of the D. variabilis, and 16 (16.6%) of the A. americanum ticks. Two hundred and twenty (199 D. variabilis, 17 A. americanum, and 4 R. sanguineus) were recorded as having been attached to 199 persons. Nine of these ticks (8 D. variabilis, and 1 A. americanum) were hemolymph test-positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae. Infected ticks originated from each of the three major South Carolina biogeographic regions, namely Piedmont, Sandhill, and Coastal Plain. Since education is the first and most important step in preventing spotted fever, educational programs and tick examination services similar to those decribed, are suggested for other states with high spotted fever incidence. PMID- 811128 TI - Anaesthetic difficulties in neurofibromatosis. AB - Difficulties with general and regional anaesthesia in a patient with neurofibromatosis due to involvement of larynx and possibly also of the spinal column with tumour are described. The difficulties with anaesthesia due to neurofibromatosis are reviewed, and it is concluded that, while the majority of cases will present no problems, careful pre-operative assessment is of vital importance. PMID- 811129 TI - Rapid and inexpensive method for detection of polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates in air. PMID- 811130 TI - Separation of 1- and 2-naphthols and determination of trace amounts of 2-naphthyl methylcarbamate in carbaryl formulations by high pressure liquid chromatography with confirmation by spectrofluorometry. PMID- 811131 TI - The counting and sizing of spermatozoa from ten animal species using a Coulter counter. AB - Accurately calibrated Coulter Counters, Models ZB Industrial and F, were used to count and size spermatozoa before and after Zaponin treatment which lyses accompanying debris, droplets and peripheral sperm cytoplasm. Sperm specimens from the cauda epididymis of the rabbit, Guinea pig, hamster, rat and mouse were without accompanying particles and could be sized without Zaponin treatment. The large acrosome cap of the guinea pig swelled rapidly when the spermatozoa were released into an isotonic solution and measurement was only possible after equilibrium had been reached. Zaponin treatment completely dissolved rat and hamster spermatozoa within a few seconds and about 50% of the mouse spermatozoa. Spermatozoa form the cauda epididymis of the bull were accompanied by some unspecific debris which made size determination without Zaponin treatment difficult. A separate population of cytoplasmic droplets was not present and the amount of accompanying cytoplasm, as shown by its removal with Zaponin, was the least for the species examined. The size of spermatozoa in ejaculated specimens from the dog varied considerably according to whether the cytoplasmis droplet was still present, but after Zaponin treatment all specimens were about the same size. Ejaculated specimens from the European wild boar contained a separate population of small droplets which were sufficiently different in size from the spermatozoa to allow separate counting and sizing without Zaponin treatment. Ejaculated specimens from the Rhesus monkey required incubation to release the spermatozoa from the clot before they could be counted and sized. Their size tended to vary slightly according to the length of incubation. Ejaculated specimens from the rabbit and from man were so heavily contaminated with debris that counting and sizing was not possible without Zaponin treatment. The relationship between the amount of debris and the numbers of spermatozoa was extremely variable. The debris in human specimens was separated from the spermatozoa by downward fractionation of the motile spermatozoa into increasing concentrations of bovine serum albumin, so allowing measurement of untreated spermatozoa for the first time. The sperm size distribution curves for all the ten species examined, both before and after Zaponin treatment, were positively skewed. The peaks were broader and flatter when Zaponin was not used. Sperm sizes, in terms of total volume and of the diameter of a sphere of that volume, are given for all the species at both the mode and the mean of the size distribution curves. After Zaponin treatment the mean size was between a volume of 15 and 50 mum3 or an equivalent spherical diameter of 3-5 mum. Before Zaponin treatment all the sperm types were greater than 20% larger by volume and the mean volume was between 25 and 190 mum3. PMID- 811132 TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of high positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Five healthy rhesus monkeys were ventilated with intermittent mandatory ventilation and 20 torr positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for 8 hours. PEEP was increased to 25 torr and the monkeys were ventilated for 4 more hours. Lactated Ringer's solution and human salt-poor albumin were used to expand plasma and extracellular fluid volume throughout the entire period of study. Homologous blood was administered to maintain hematocrit at control levels and maintenance fluids were infused to maintain transmural pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at 5 to 15 torr. Although cardiac output, mean aortic blood pressure, oxygen consumption, venous admixture, transmural pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, HCO3- and in-vivo base excess were not changed when intermittent mandatory ventilation was employed, cardiac output and blood pressure were significantly depressed by brief periods of controlled mechanical ventilation when alternated with intermittent mandatory ventilation. Sporadic increases in arterial-venous oxygen content difference occurred. Arterial carbon dioxide tension was elevated moderately, with a concomitant depression of arterial pH. No pneumothorax occurred. High PEEP was well tolerated with intermittent manditory ventilation, intravascular volume expansion, and careful cardiovascular monitoring. PMID- 811133 TI - Heterocyclic systems having eight pi-electrons. Synthesis, properties, and significance. PMID- 811134 TI - The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. PMID- 811135 TI - Synthesis of tert-alkyl-substituted glycines. PMID- 811136 TI - Adaptive changes in the face of the Macaca mulatta monkey following orthopedic opening of the midpalatal suture. AB - The classical effects of lateral orthopedic stress on the midpalatal suture were confirmed in this study conducted on ten female Macaca mulatta monkeys in the mixed dentitional period. The suture was opened with consequent expansion of the maxillary arch, of the intranasal space, and of the palatal vault. There was marked buccal displacement of the upper posterior teeth together with a definite broadening of the entire midface. Modest relapse of maxillary expansion and of palatal depth occurred when retention was terminated after four months. Normal angulation of the upper first molars at the end of the experimental period is indicative of a predominantly translatory expansion of the arch or of a rapid restoration of normal tooth alignment and inclination. Subsidiary expansion of the mandibular arch and reclosure of the midpalatal suture also occurred. Of particular importance to this study was confirmation of changes in the bony configuration of the midface manifested by prominence of the canine eminence and the general pug-nosed appearance of treated animals althrough this could not be attributed to retrusion of the premaxilla. PMID- 811137 TI - [Classification of 29 Hodgkin's disease patients as a function of the concentration of 22 serum antigens]. AB - A method of numerical classification has been applied to the study of the concentrations of 22 serum antigens in 29 patients with Hodgkin's disease. This group of patients can be split into at least two subgroups. The two subgroups greatly differ by the severity of the clinical symptoms of the disease. One of them is very similar, for the antigen distribution, to a group of presumably normal young subjects. In the other group, there is a definite decrease of the concentration of transferrin, albumin, alpha1 lipoprotein and a definite increase of the concentration of antitrypsin, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin and hemopexin. This separation into two subgroups is stable when other patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are mixed to the patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 811138 TI - A calibration system for a Holter pump for hyperalimentation infusion. PMID- 811139 TI - Attempted reversal of oxytetracycline resistance of Proteus mirabilis by EDTA tromethamine lavage in experimentally induced canine and feline cystitis. AB - An attempt was made to reverse the antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis used to induce experimental cystitis in cats and dogs. Results of in vitro studies on an oxytetracycline-resistant strain of P mirabilis, utilizing standard plate counts, indicated the organism became susceptible to oxytetracycline when it was treated with a solution of EDTA-tromethamine. In vivo experiments were conducted with cats and dogs in which 50% of the experimentally infected animals were treated with bladder lavage twice daily with EDTA-tromethamine solution and 50% with tromethamine buffer alone; all were given standard doses of oxytetracycline. Results of bacteriologic cultural examinations of urinary samples and urinalyses done each day, at the end of the experiments, indicated all animals had cystitis. Thus, although the organism's resistance to oxytetracycline was changed by EDTA-tromethamine in vitro, change in bacterial resistance did not occur in vivo in cats and dogs during clinical treatment. PMID- 811140 TI - Isolation of porcine secretory immunoglobulin A by affinity chromatography and determination of its component chains. AB - Porcine secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was isolated in a single step from porcine milk whey by affinity chromatography, using antiporcine alpha-chain specific antibody linked to CNBr-activated agarose. The isolated SIgA contained no other proteins detectable by immunodiffusion of immunoelectrophoresis. After reduction and alkylation with dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide, the SIgA was chromatographed on gel equilibrated with 6.0 M urea and 1.0 M propionic acid. Polyacrylamide gel electrohoresis of the fractions eluted revealed the presence of light chain, alpha-chain secretory component, and J-chain. PMID- 811141 TI - Resistance-enhancing compound from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - A soluble, high molecular weight, resistance-enhancing compound was isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by fractionation of a dimethylsulfoxide extract of the organism with n-decyl alcohol. The compound contained carbohydrate, protein, fatty acids, and phosphorous. Resistance enhancement was nonspecific in that protection was afforded toward infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as M. tuberculosis. The compound enhanced the rate of clearance of carbon from the blood of mice and depressed the immune response of animals to injected sheep red blood cells. No manifestations of toxicity was exhibited by the compound. PMID- 811142 TI - Immunoelectrophoresis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Comparative analysis of cell extract and culture filtrate antigens. AB - Immunoelectrophoretic analyses were performed on a cell extract and culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv strain using homologous polyvalent goat antisera. General similarity between the cell extract and culture filtrate antigens was found. Significant variation between two anti-culture filtrate antisera was observed. These antigens and antisera also differed significantly from previously described reference reagents. These findings demonstrate the necessity of using reference materials for precise identification of mycobacterial antigens in comparative studies. PMID- 811143 TI - Guest editorial: the cost of medical care. PMID- 811144 TI - Picornaviruses of laboratory and wild Drosophila melanogaster: geographical distribution and serotypic composition. AB - Picornaviruses were sought in a large number of D. melanogaster strains, coming from laboratories or recently collected from different parts of the world. About a third of these stocks contained viruses. Regions naturally infected were warm countries. Picornaviruses found in laboratories as well as in wild drosophila flies were the already known P and C viruses, of serotype 1 and 2, and a new virus of serotype 3 belonging by its biological properties to the P group. We did not find derological relationship between D. melanogaster and A. mellifera Picornaviruses. PMID- 811145 TI - [Heat resistance of "Bacillus subtilis" and "Bacillus stearothermophilus" spores in ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol solutions. Criticism of the use of thermodynamic parameters (author's transl)]. AB - Increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) or 2,3-butylene glycol (BG) lower the heat resistance of B. subtilis SJ2 and B. stearothermophilus 1518 spores, and there is a linear relationship between logarithm of decimal reduction time (D) and glycol concentration. D120 degreesc values of B. subtilis spores in 0.02M, pH 7.0 phosphate buffer containing 20 per cent (w/w) EG, PG and BG are respectively 1, 0.7 and 1.1 min compared to 1.5 min in buffer alone. Corresponding values for B. stearothermophilus spores are 2, 2.4 and 3 min compared to 3.2 min. The type of glycol has little effect upon temperature coefficient z for destruction of the B. subtilis spores (average 6.9 degrees C). On the contrary, in the case of B. stearothermophilus, z increases when the number of carbons increases in the glycol molecule (from 7 to 15 degrees). The thermodynamic parameters which characterize the activation of the spore destruction reaction cannot lead to a general conclusion about a possible mechanism of destruction in the presence of chemical compounds belonging to an homologous series: the two behave diversely, and there is no "isokinetic temperature". PMID- 811146 TI - [A new vaccinating antigenic fraction obtained from "Vibrio cholerae" I.- Isolation and characterization of the new fraction (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from a lysate of Vibrio cholerae, the authors isolated by column chromatography an antigen called Ch1+2 which is characterized by a double line of precipitation by the double gel diffusion technique. (Results of inoculation into animals and humans are given in the following communication). PMID- 811147 TI - [A new vaccinating antigenic fraction obtained from "Vibrio cholerae" II. Biological properties of the Ch1+2 fraction compared with the bacterial vaccine (author's transl)]. AB - This fraction inoculated into mice protects against experimental infection. This fraction induces in various experimental animals serological modifications which are characterized by a rise in the vibriocidal effect of the serum. Controlled experiments in animals and humans showed that the vibriocidal effect is greater than the one obtained by the bacterial vaccine and persist far more longer. The vibriocidal power of the serum can also be obtained at titers relatively high when the fraction is given by the oral route. The in situ vaccination reduces the duration and the numbers of the excreted bacteries in germ free and pathogen free mice. PMID- 811148 TI - [Isolation of "Brucella suis" biotype 5 from a bitch, in Madagascar. Validity of the species name "Brucella canis" (author's transl)]. AB - A Gram-negative organism isolated from a btich, in Madagascar, was examined by bacteriologic, immunologic and metabolic methods, in parallel with cultures representative of the Brucella species. The organism fits well into the genus Brucella on the basis of its growth, biochemical and antigenic characteristics and was found to have the metabolic pattern on L-asparagine (-), L-arginine (+) and DL-ornithine (+) that identifies and defines the species Brucella suis. It is of rough colonial morphology and electron microscopy showed a cell wall structure similar to that of other rough Brucella. By all the other recommended criteria for btotype identification it was found to be similar to Brucella suis biotype 5 best known as Brucella canis. In contrast to the strains of this biotype, it grows on basic fuchsin at 20 mug/ml and on safranine O at 200 mug/ml. These differences obtained with just one strain would not justify by now the proposal for a new biotype. We favor the designation Brucella suis biotype 5 proposed by Meyer, and the validity of Brucella canis (Carmichael and Bruner) as a separate species is discussed. It is the first strain of Brucella isolated in Madagascar. PMID- 811149 TI - [The "in vitro" effect of aflatoxin B1 on the development and toxinogenesis of "Aspergillus" gr. "glavus" (author's transl)]. AB - After culture of Aspergillus flavus in synthetic medium supplemented with aflatoxin B1, the level of mycotoxin decreases rapidly during the course of two or three days. Later, in the case of highly toxinogenic strains, a reduction in the production of aflatoxins is observed; whereas, conversely, in the case of low toxinogenesis are obtained in the presence of high levels of the mycotoxin. With all strains of A. flavus, the presence of aflatoxin B1 in the medium at the time of inoculation, moderately limits the growth of mycelium but it has a little effect on the conidial sporulation. PMID- 811150 TI - Infectivity of fish rhabdoviruses for Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two fish rhabdoviruses, spring viraemia of Carp virus (SVC) and Pike fry rhabdovirus (PFR), have been shown to multiply in Drosophila melanogaster. The other two fish rhabdoviruses, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), did not multiply under the conditions used. Only those viruses which multiplied (i. e. SVC, PFR) conferred a CO2 sensitivity on the infected drosophila. No hereditary transmission of the fish viruses was detected. PMID- 811151 TI - Pharmacological and clinical studies of some nucleoside analogs. PMID- 811152 TI - Inhibition of microorganisms by pyrimidine nucleosides. PMID- 811153 TI - [Proceedings: Radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) in man]. PMID- 811154 TI - [Proceedings: Development and clinical applications of radioimmunoassays specific to luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin (author's transl)]. AB - Antisera directed against the beta subunit of human Luteinizing Hormone (h. LH) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) were made totally specific to either gonadotropin by adsorbing cross-reacting antibodies. Simple absorption in solution or immunosorption on solid phase were employed. Pituitary functions were examined during pregnancy and until three weeks following delivery h.LH and HCG were assayed before and after injection of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH). Similiarly TSH was assayed in a homologous TSH beta subunit system before and after injection Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH). No pituitary release of LH was observed after LH-RH in our experimental conditions while TRH induced a surge of pituitary TSH in the blood. PMID- 811155 TI - [Prolactinemia in primary hypothyroidism : basal and dynamic studies- signification of galactorrhea associated with myxedema (author's transl)]. AB - PRL and TSH were measured by radioimmuno-assay in 14 persons wth myxoedema aged 16 to 65 years. Three of them had galactorrhea. In 13 patients the circadian rhythm of PRL was studied, and in 8 patients PRL was measured after TRH administration. All these patients have a high value of serum TSH, with a mean value +/- SEM of 29,4 (24,3 - 35,6) mU/ml. Values of serum PRL were comprised in normal ranges with a mean value +/- SEM of 126(196 - 238) mU/ml. The circadian rhythm of PRL is not altered, since mean values of serum PRL are more elevated at 4 am than 8 am with highly statistical significance. After THR administration the PRL response is normal or exaggerated. PMID- 811157 TI - An abnormal Cgamma 4 gene among the negro population. AB - An analysis of the IgG4-CH3 antigenic determinants by means of specific antisera using a hemagglutination-inhibition procedure among different populations has been done. Thus 3.67% of sera from Negroids have been found completely deficient in normal IgG4 subclass. Sera without normal IgG4 contained the other IgG subclasses. Family studies shown the transmission of an abnormal Cgamma 4 gene. Hypothesis of gene deletion, point mutation or gene hybridization were postulated. This last hypothesis seems the most valuable. PMID- 811156 TI - Proceedings: Hyperthyroidism without hypermetabolism in two cases of diffuse muscular atrophy. PMID- 811158 TI - [Development and methods of separate-side renal clearance by means of 131 I-ortho iodo-hippuric acid in whole body counter and its use in pediatrics]. PMID- 811160 TI - Triethyl-n-hexylammonium triethyl-n-hexylboride: a new antimicrobial showing activity against Candida albicans and gram-positive bacteria. AB - The organic salt triethyl-n-hexylammonium triethyl-n-hexylboride (N(2226)B(2226)) has biostatic effects against two gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus, and the yeast Candida albicans. Escherichia coli and chicken embryo fibroblasts grown in tissue culture are more refractory to this compound. PMID- 811159 TI - Hospital Pseudomonas aeruginosa: surveillance of resistance to gentamicin and transfer of aminoglycoside R factor. AB - Tube dilution susceptibility tests in Trypticase soy broth showed that resistance to gentamicin (minimum bactericidal concentration >==12.5 mug/ml) among hospital isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased from 13.9% in 1969 to 38.9% in 1972. Transfer of drug resistance to six aminoglycosides from one wild Pseudomonas strain to another was accomplished in recombination experiments. A carbenicillin resistant, beta-lactamase-producing strain served as the recipient. The exconjugant was resistant not only to aminoglycosides, including amikacin, but also to all clinically employed antimicrobials. Aminoglycoside resistance in the exconjugant was cured by sodium dodecyl sulfate. This transferable aminoglycoside resistance was not mediated by adenylylation or, as judged by bioassay, by other antibiotic-inactivating or -modifying processes. PMID- 811161 TI - Virulence in rats of gentamicin-carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas. AB - Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with resistance to gentamicin and carbenicillin which is R factor mediated, showed no alteration in virulence as tested by intraperitoneal injection of rats. PMID- 811162 TI - Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in feces of humans, pigs, and chickens. AB - Lactobacilli in fecal material from humans, pigs, and chickens were enumerated on lactobacillus selective agar (LBS). In all samples, higher numbers of lac tobacilli were detected when plates were incubated in a system flushed with CO2 rather than in air. Much higher numbers of bacteria from human feces were detected when the LBS agar plates were incubated anaerobically in a hydrogen carbon dioxide atmosphere (GasPak) than when incubated in CO2. The bacteria from human feces isolated on LBS agar incubated anaerobically were predominately bifidobacteria. Cultures from all three sources isolated on LBS agar incubated under CO2 were lactobacilli, including Lactobacillus acidophilus. Differences were observed in biochemical characteristics of some of the L. acidophilus isolated from all three sources. Guanine plus cytosine base ratios of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from L. acidophilus cultures from humans were lower, in most cases, than those from pigs and chickens. PMID- 811163 TI - Production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from market pecans. AB - One hundred and forty-eight isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were isolated from 5,608 pecans obtained from Chicago and Georgia markets. The percentage of internal contamination by these species was 7.3% in the Chicago market pecans and 1.7% in those from markets in Georgia. Of the 148 isolates, 93% of the A. parasiticus, but only 54% of the A. flavus, were capable of producing aflatoxin. Overall, 57% of the isolates were potentially aflatoxigenic. A. parasiticus isolates generally produced a greater amount of aflatoxins than A. flavus. PMID- 811164 TI - Production of sterigmatocystin by some species of the genus Aspergillus and its toxicity to chicken embryos. AB - Sterigmatocystin was produced by 59% of Aspergillus flavus cultures and by 16% of A. parasiticus cultures. All sterigmatocystin-producing cultures of the A. flavus group also simultaneously produced aflatoxin or O-methylsterigmatocystin. Sterigmatocystin was produced by A. chevalieri, A. ruber, and A. amstelodami, species not previously reported to produce the compound. In 5-day-old chicken embryos, the no-effect level of toxicity of sterigmatocystin was between 1 and 2 mug/egg; the mean lethal dose was 5 to 7 mug; and 90 to 100% of the embryos were killed with 10 mug. Teratogenic effects and weight reduction were generally associated with nonlethal doses. PMID- 811165 TI - Survival of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme in high-moisture corn stored under modified atmospheres. AB - Freshly harvested high-moisture corn with 29.4% moisture and corn remoistened to 19.6% moisture were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. and stored for 4 weeks at about 27 C in air (0.03% CO2, 21% O2, and 78% N2) and three modified atmospheres: (i) 99.7% N2 and 0.3% O2; (ii) 61.7% CO2, 8.7% O2, and 29.6% N2; and (iii) 13.5% CO2, 0.5% O2, and 84.8% N2. Kernel infections by A. flavus, Fusarium moniliforme (Sheld.) Snyd. et Hans., and other fungi were monitored weekly. The modified-atmosphere treatments delayed deterioration by A. flavus and F. moniliforme, but their growth was not completely stopped. A. flavus survived better in the remoistened than in the freshly harvested corn. F. moniliforme survived in both. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the dominant fungi in corn removed from the modified atmospheres and exposed to normal air for 1 week. PMID- 811166 TI - Evaluation of a most-probable-number technique for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A most-probable-number (MPN) technique was evaluated for detecting and enumerating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water and wastewater. Both the presumptive and confirmatory media, as described in the 13th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, as well as modifications of these media were included in evaluations. Various samples of water were tested, namely chlorinated tap water, creek water, and influent to a wastewater treatment plant. Modified media repeatedly gave higher estimated MPNs of P. aeruginosa than media listed in Standard Methods. P. aeruginosa was detected and recovered from all creek water and wastewater samples, but not from tap water samples tested. This organism was determined to be present in as large numbers as the fecal coliforms and in even greater quantities than the fecal streptococci in all samples, whenever MPN estimations were determined from those positive tubes containing the modified confirmatory medium. PMID- 811168 TI - Bacteriological evaluation of an ultra-pure water-distilling system. AB - A prototype distillation and storage system with recycle for producing ultrapure water was monitored for bacteriological contamination during a period of 24 months. Naturally occurring Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia were found to grow rapidly to levels of about 10(5)/ml in water taken from the storage reservoir and also in commercially prepared distilled water. The system was found to eliminate bacterial contaminants introduced into the still with the feed water, but the reservoir, once contaminated, remained contaminated during prolonged recycle, After a single treatment with free chlorine, the entire system remained uncontaminated until accidental or purposeful shutdown. PMID- 811167 TI - Distribution and significance of fecal indicator organisms in the Upper Chesapeake Bay. AB - Total viable aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci were enumerated in samples collected at five stations located in the Upper Chesapeake Bay, December 1973 through December 1974. Significant levels of pollution indicator organisms were detected at all of the stations sampled. Highest counts were observed in samples collected at the confluence of the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay. The indicator organisms examined were observed to be quantitatively distributed independently of temperature and salinity. Counts were not found to be correlated with concentration of suspended sediment. However, significant proportions of both the total viable bacteria (53%) and fecal indicator organisms (greater than 80%) were directly associated with suspended sediments. Correlation coefficinets (r) for the indicator organisms examined in this study ranged from r = 0.80 to r = 0.99 for bottom water and suspended sediment, respectively. Prolonged survival of fecal streptococci in most of the sediment samples was observed, with concomitant reduction of the correlation coefficient from r = 0.99, fecal streptocicci to total coliforms in water, to r = 0.01, fecal streptococci to fecal coliforms in sediments. The results of this study compared favorably with fecal coliforms: fecal streptococci ratios for the various sample types. Characterization of organisms beyond the confirmed most-probable-number procedure provided good correlation between bacterial indicator groups. PMID- 811169 TI - Solubilization of fatty acid synthetase, acyl-CoA reductase, and fatty acyl-CoA alcohol transacylase from the microsomes of Euglena gracilis. PMID- 811170 TI - Metabolic interlock: mediation of interpathway regulation by divalent cations. PMID- 811171 TI - Purification of rat chondrosarcoma xylosyltransferase. PMID- 811172 TI - A 25,000 molecular weight protein constituent of human amyloid fibrils related to amyloid protein AA. PMID- 811173 TI - Plasma membrane and soluble lysophospholipases of Acanthamoeba castellanii. PMID- 811174 TI - Factors affecting interconversion between kinetic forms of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from spinach. PMID- 811175 TI - Bacterial skin infections in preschool and school children in coastal Tanzania. AB - In coastal Tanzania, 1,855 preschool and school children were studied for pyoderma (superficial bacterial infections of the skin exclusive of secondarily infected scabies) and for scabies. The predisposing personal, socleoeconomic, and hygienic variables for both conditions were studied also. Pyoderma lesions and some secondarily infected scabies were cultured aerobically for bacterial isolates and the predisposing factors were determined by interviews, home visits, and physical examinations. Pyoderma was present in 6.9% and scabies in 16.6% of the children; both combined totalled 23.5% of the children. Both conditions were more common in rural than in urban environments, but scabies was most common in populations with poor socioeconomic and hygienic conditions. The predisposing factors included trauma, insect bites, hot and damp coastal weather, and poor socioeconomic and hygienic conditions. PMID- 811178 TI - Transpyloric feeding in small preterm infants. AB - Wolfsdorf, J., Makarawa, S., Fernandes, C., Fenner, A. (1975). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 50, 723. Transpyloric feeding in small preterm infants. In 20 preterm infants, birthweight ranging from 775 to 1540 g, transpyloric feeding was carried out using expressed human milk as the sole nutrient (study group). 10 further infants, birthweight range 910-1500 g, were also fed with human milk via nasogastric tube (control group). The group fed transpylorically had higher fluid intakes during the early days of life. Body weight loss after birth was similar in both groups, but subsequent weight gain was more rapid in the study group. Thus transpyloric feeding is considered to offer the following advantages in comparison with nasogastric feeding. (1) No danger of aspiration after vomiting. (2) More rapid weight gain. PMID- 811177 TI - Immediate metabolic response to a low dose of insulin in children presenting with diabetes. AB - Seventeen new cases of diabetes in childhood were given an initial mean dose of insulin of 0-29 unit/kg body weight by intramuscular injection (mean age of patient 7-4 years). This resulted in a fall in blood glucose over the first 2 hours at a mean rate of 88 mg/100 ml per hour. Over the same time the mean total blood ketones fell from 3-23 to 2-3 mmol; and plasma insulin levels rose from a mean of 6 muU/ml to a mean of 65 muU/ml. Thus, with this small initial dose of insulin the 2-hour plasma insulin values were within the range which in adults has been associated with a maximum fall in blood glucose concentration. Three children with established diabetes presenting with ketoacidosis were also treated with a small initial dose of intramuscular insulin, 0-1 unit/kg in 2 of the patients and 0-5 unit/kg in the third. In 2 during a period of rehydration before insulin was given, blood glucose fell at a rate of 100 mg/100 ml per hour. Over the 2 hours after the initial dose of insulin the mean rate of fall of blood glucose for all 3 patients was 73 mg/100 ml per hour. None of these children developed hypoglycaemia nor hypokalaemia during treatment. We conclude that an initial intramuscular injection of soluble insulin in the dose range of 0-1-0-5 units/kg body weight may be more appropriate and possibly safer for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children than the currently recommended larger doses divided between intravenous and intramuscular routes. Adequate rehydration must, however, remain the first priority in the management of such cases. PMID- 811176 TI - Pemphigus and myasthenia gravis. AB - Various forms of true pemphigus have been reported to occur with myasthenia gravis, with and without thymoma, more frequently than can be ascribed to chance. A57-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis in remission developed pemphigus foliaceus. No roentgenologic evidence of a thymoma was present. Antinuclear antibodies caused interference with indirect immunofluorescent determination of pemphigus antibody. Indirect immunofluorescent studies showed no evidence for cross-reactivity between intercellular substance antibody and thymic components, as is found in the case of antiskeletal muscle antibodies with thymic myoid cells. The concurrence of these two diseases may involve the failure of a subgroup of thymic-dependent lymphocytes to suppress underlying autoimmune phenomena. PMID- 811180 TI - Assessment of anti-inflammatory drugs in the rat using subcutaneous implants of polyurethane foam impregnated with dead tubercle bacilli. AB - The fluid and cellular phases of inflammatory resonse have been measured using a technique employing subcutaneous implantation of polyurethane foam cubes impregnated with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phenylbutazone, azathioprine, aspirin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone suppressed fluid response, whereas sodium aurothiomalate, hydroxychloroquine, and D-penicillamine had no effect. All the drugs used suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cubes. PMID- 811179 TI - Physiological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls or a combination of DDT, DDD, and DDE in penned white pelicans. AB - The effects of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) or a combination of DDT (1,1,1 trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane), DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p chlorophenyl) ethane) and DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2,-bis (p-chlorophenyl ethylene) on organ weights, liver storage of vitamin A and carotene, selected blood chemistry parameters, and serum protein fractions were determined in penned white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) receiving a daily dosage of these compounds. Birds received 100 mg of PCBs or a combination of DDT (20 mg), DDD (15 mg), and DDE (15 mg) injected into the first fish fed each day for ten weeks. A greater percentage of PCB treatment was retained in brain, liver, carcass and feathers than the percentage of DDT + DDD + DDE treatment. Liver weight as percent of body weight decreased (p less than 0.01) in DDT + DDD + DDE-treated birds and increased (p less than 0.01) as a total weight in PCB-treated birds. Spleen weight as percent of body weight was greater (p less than 0.05) in PCB-treated birds. Neither treatment had a significant effect on the weight of the brain, heart, or kidney. Liver vitamin A levels were greater (p less than 0.01) on a mug/g of liver basis in the DDT-treated birds than in controls. Significant lowering of serum potassium and protein values was noted in both the PCB- and the combination of DDT, DDD, DDE-treated birds, while serum calcium values were lowered (p less than 0.01) only in PCB-treated birds. Vaues of serum inorganic phosphorus, uric acid and magnesium were not significantly changed by either treatment. Globulin fractions were unaltered by either treatment, but albumin fractions were lowered (p less than 0.01) in the PCB-treated pelicans. PMID- 811181 TI - Peripheral intravenous infiltration necrosis. AB - Peripheral extravasation of intravenous solutions containing calcium salts and/or 10% dextrose has caused significant local tissue necrosis in 8 patients, including 6 infants. These incidents prolonged hospitalization and in 5 cases caused severe disfigurement or imperiled limb function. Treatment followed established principles of debridement, early skin grafting and secondary reconstruction as needed. While intravenous alimentation or the administration of calcium salts if often indicated by the clinical situation, the physician administering these drugs must realize that extravasation may cause serious sequelae. PMID- 811184 TI - Surgical appraisal of sphincter of Odii. PMID- 811183 TI - Prolonged retention of glutaraldehyde-treated skin allografts and xenografts: immunological and histological studies. AB - Glutaraldehyde (GA)-treated skin allografts and xenografts (from mice, rats and guinea-pigs) behave in the same way as judged from retention time, gross inspection, microscopic examination, and assays for graft antigenicity. The GA treated grafts are retained for long periods of time (an increase by more than 6 fold as compared to untreated grafts), they are tightly bound to the recipient, they are initially soft but become progressively stiffer with minimal shrinkage in size, and remain free from infection. The histology shows that the grafts are nonviable and fixed by the GA, they are avascularized but the general structure of the skin (epidermis, adnexa and dermis) is preserved for about 3 months. The antigenicity of the GA-treated grafts is very poor, actually it is undetectable. They do not elicit the formation of cytotoxic antibodies, and animals sensitized by untreated allografts retain the GA-treated allografts similarly to normal unsensitized recipients. The lack of transplantation immunity is also indicated by the fact that GA-treated isografts behave and are rejected similarly to GA treated allografts and xenografts. Microscopic examination suggests that the mechanism of rejection of GA-treated grafts is similar to that operating in the rejection of an inert foreign body. The marked prlongation in the retention of Ga treated skin grafts and their properties justify investigations on the applicability of these grafts in clinical practice. PMID- 811185 TI - Nucleic acid and single-cell protein utilization in human feeding: a review. PMID- 811186 TI - [Low school performance: malnutrition or cultural deprivation]. PMID- 811182 TI - Phosphate depletion and repletion: relation to parenteral nutrition and oxygen transport. AB - Phosphate depletion occurring during total parenteral nutrition has been frequently reported during the part 4 years. Hypophosphatemia may be associated with confusion, hyperventilation, and neuromuscular irritability, suggesting a total body phosphate deficiency. If inorganic phosphate levels fall below 1.0 mg %, diminished red cell glycolysis occurs with low erythrocyte levels of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate. Lowered red cell organic phosphates are associated with increased hemoglobin oxygen affinity. If severe hypophosphatemia occurs, hemolytic anemia, which is correctible by phosphate infusion, may result. In addition, leucocyte function is impaired by low levels of serum inorganic phosphate. While recognized as a needed additive, recommended phosphate supplements vary. Different infusion regimens have been suggested over the past 4 years, based primarily on assumed daily requirements. In the 19 trauma patients described who received hyperalimentation as part of their treatment, phosphate administration was calculated retrospectively and prospectively as a function of non-protein calories infused. Four different groups were studied. Group A received no phosphate additive and quickly became severely hypophosphatemic. Group B received from one to 15 meg of potassium acid phosphate per 1,000 K cal and developed a more gradual lowering of serum inorganic phosphate levels. Group C received 15 to 25 meg of potassium acid phosphate per 1,000 K cal and maintained normal phosphate levels throughout the course of treatment. Group D received greater than 25 meq of potassium acid phosphate per 1,000 K cal and gradually increased their serum inorganic phosphate levels. A significant positive correlation was found between serum inorganic phosphate levels, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate levels, adenosine triphosphate levels, and P50 of the oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. No patients developed hemolytic or neuromuscular syndromes which were attributable to hypophosphatemia. This study describes a simple method for the maintenance of adequate phosphate levels in patients whose dextrose-protein solutions may vary from day to day, by relating it to non-protein calories. Provision of 20 to 25 meq of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 1,000 K cal will maintain normal serum levels of inorganic phosphate during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 811187 TI - Changes in mitochondrial density and succinic dehydrogenase activity in Euglena gracilis as a function of the dependency on light for growth. AB - Mitochondria from Euglena gracilis strain z grown under strictly heterotrophic conditions have higher equilibrium densities and higher succinate dehydrogenase activities than those grown in the presence of light. There is a consistent trend toward lower mitochondrial density with increasing time of exposure to light. Experiments reported here indicate that the development of dependency upon light for the provision of energy results in the repression of mitochondrial development with respect to both density and enzymatic activity. PMID- 811188 TI - [The presence of lytic bacteria within cysts of Sarcocystis tenella (Sporozoa, Protozoa) (author's transl)]. AB - In cysts of Sarcocystis tenella parasitic in the oesophage of sheep, bacteria of the Gram-negative type were found to lyse the limiting membranes of the banana shaped parasites. In cysts of S. tenella the parasites are enclosed within chamber-like hollows of the ground substance. In old cysts, however, only the peripheral hollows are filled with parasites, whereas those of the midzonal region are empty. There is no explanation for this observation reported by several authors. In the present study we found large numbers of small bacteria (2 2.7 by 0.6 -0.8 mum) of the Gram-negative type within the center of the cyst. From this side they were seen to lyse the pellicle of the banana-shaped merozoites. There is no explanation how these bacteria might have penetrated through the muscle tissue into the interior of the cysts, for the parasites at the periphery, the cyst wall and the surrounding host cell were intact. The penetration of the bacteria during preparation can be excluded, too, because the cysts were fixed only seconds after the death of the animals. It might be possible that the bacteria had been present since the beginning of cyst formation. PMID- 811190 TI - [Prenatal toxicology studies using sevin (carbaryl) in Wistar rats]. AB - Oral administration of three doses of Carbaryl at 200 or 350 mg/kg body weight to pregnant female rats at various stages of fetal development had only slight teratogenic activity. Three doses of Carbaryl at 350 mg/kg given during the late embryonic or early fetal stages of pregnancy delayed fetal development; in the pre-embryonic stage it produced increased mortality of fertilized ova and increased the degree of retardation of individual fetuses. Similar results were produced by six doses at 200 mg/kg given on alternate days between the 5th and 15th days of embryonic development. It was concluded that the effects of Carbaryl on intrauterine development in rats were related to dosage. PMID- 811189 TI - The effect of pyruvate on nitrogenase activity in the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica. AB - Exogenous pyruvate added to cultures of the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica stimulated nitrogenase activity (measured by acetylene reduction) only in the dark under low pO2 (0.05 atmospheres). Under aerobic conditions or in the light, stimulation was absent and replaced by an inhibition of activity above 5 mM added pyruvate. The curve of nitrogenase activity versus oxygen concentration had a similar maximal value of ethylene production with, or without added pyruvate, but in the presence of pyruvate this maximum occurred at 0.05 atmospheres O2, whilst in the absence of pyruvate the maximum occurred at 0.10 atmospheres O2. Malate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, glucose and fructose were tested also, but none gave a similar effect to pyruvate. Addition of 14C-pyruvate and autoradiography indicated that exogenous pyruvate is metabolized through the interrupted Krebs cycle. These results are explained in terms of the activity of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase and the ATP-induced oxygen sensitivity of nitrogenase. PMID- 811191 TI - [Proceedings: Pure spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia or brachyolmia]. PMID- 811193 TI - Bilateral intra-areolar polythelia. PMID- 811194 TI - Letter: Nitrogen balance in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 811192 TI - Multiple ejaculations during prolonged sexual tests and lack of resultant serum testosterone increases in Male Stumptail Macaques (M. arctoides). AB - The sexual behavior of four male and four female adult stumptail macaques was observed in standardized 3-hr heterosexual pair tests. The males achieved from 11 to 19 ejaculations during a single test, thus apparently exceeding any other primate studied under laboratory conditions for the ability to display multiple ejaculatory patterns in relatively short periods of time. The stage of the menstrual cycle was not found to be related to the performance of the male or female, although this variable was not analyzed in depth. Progressive increases in the interejaculatory interval (IEI) occurred for all four males for the initial two to four ejaculations of the series, and then either a plateau or a transient decrease in this measure occurred. Since the data varied considerably for IEI as well as for other quantitative measures of sexual behavior for a given pair, individual data rather than group averages are presented. Blood samples drawn immediately before and after behavioral testing as well as at comparable intervals 1 week prior to behavioral testing were analyzed for testosterone concentration by radioimmunoassay for each male. Serum testosterone values were not found to be influenced by multiple ejaculations. Instead, decreased levels of serum testosterone were encountered on the second blood sample of the day for most males, regardless of whether sexual behavior occurred. The possibility that the decreases were related to stress effects of handling is discussed. Because of this complication, it could be only tentatively concluded that repeated copulation to ejaculation over a 3-hr period did not result in appreciable changes in testosterone levels. PMID- 811196 TI - [Distribution of biogenic amines and acetylcholinesterase in the mammillary nuclei of rabbits]. AB - The distribution of biogenic amines (BA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in mamillary nuclei of rabbits was studied by the methods of Falck, Karnovski and Roots. The general mass of BA was shown to localize in the terminals of the lateral mamillary nucleus and in the supramamillary area. The amount of BA terminals in the medial nucleus is insignificant. Besides, the cells containing BA were found in the lateral part of the lateral nucleus. AChE is localized mainly in the neuropile and the cells of the medical nucleus and the cells of the lateral mamillary nucleus. The fornix and the mamillo-thalamic tract do not respond to AChE (poor activity in the mamillo-thalamic tract) and to BA. The obtained results suggest the afferents of the medial nucleus to be cholinergic, and those of the lateral nucleus - monoaminergic. Due to the presence of AChE cells in the medial nucleus and BA-cells and AChE-cells in the lateral nucleus a supposition is possible that while the afferents of the nedial nucleus are cholinergic, the efferents of the lateral nucleus contain both AChE AND BA. PMID- 811195 TI - Mitral valve replacement with the Hancock stabilized glutaraldehyde valve. Clinical and laboratory evaluation. AB - From March 1971 through April 1975, one hundred twenty patients underwent mitral valve replacement with a Hancock "stabilized glutaraldehyde process" porcine aortic xenograft. A simultaneous canine experimental series was also carried out. In the clinical series, the early mortality was 8.3%. Actuarial analyses of all patients predicts survival at two years of 81.0% and at four years of 70.0%. The predicted survival for patients without coronary disease or prior prosthetic valve replacement is 87.5% at two years and 77.5% at four years. There were four thromboembolic episodes, a rate of 2.4% per patient-year. None were fatal. No valve failure were noted. Histologic examination and shrink temperature analysis of recovered valves show excellent tissue preservation at 40 months. The data indicate that the Hancock valve is durable, enjoys a low incidence of thromboembolism, and may be the valve of choice for mitral valve replacement. PMID- 811197 TI - Structure of the muscles of the upper eyelid. AB - The human and monkey orbicularis muscle has fibers that are more uniform in size and structure than those of rectus muscles. They have distinct myofibrils, a moderate number of mitochondria, and a well-developed transverse T-tube system. The levator muscle also has relatively uniform fibers, but the myofibrils are less distinct than those of the orbicularis. Especially noteworthy is the unusual arrangement whereby Muller muscle arises directly from the undersurface of the levator muscle, causing an intimate intermingling of smooth and striated fibers. Muller muscle then inserts on the tarsus, whereas the levator muscle extends by an aponeurosis into the septa of the orbicularis muscle. In surgical specimens from patients with ptosis, the levator fibers show varying degrees of abnormality, whereas Muller fibers are normal. PMID- 811198 TI - Studies on the interaction of organic phosphates with haemoglobin in an amphibian (Bufo marinus), a reptile (Trachydosaurus rugosus) and man. AB - The primary organic phosphate modifiers of haemoglobin function are DPG (2,3 diphosphoglycerate) in the toad Bufo marinus and ATP in the lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus. Myo-IP6 (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) and myo-IP5 (myo-inositol pentaphosphate) are more effective than ATP or DPG in reducing the oxygen affinities of the haemoglobins of B. marinus, T. rugosus and man, while ATP and DPG are about equally effective. Competition experiments indicate that ATP, DPG and myo-IP6 bind to the same site or sites on the haemoglobins of each of the species. These findings, and those of others, are interpreted as evidence that the evolution of an organic phosphate binding site on the haemoglobin of an ancient vertebrate pre-adapted haemoglobin for interaction with a set of organic phosphates having certain structural features in common. PMID- 811199 TI - Congenital atresia of the colon : a review and a case report. PMID- 811200 TI - A mechanism for prozone formation in the complement fixation test for bovine brucellosis. AB - Complement fixation (CF) by bovine IgG1 or IgM antibodies to Brucella abortus was inhibited by specific non-complement-fixing antibodies of the IgG2 subclass. This inhibition may account for the appearance of prozones in CF titrations of some antiserums, and for the occurrence of serums which are positive to the Rose Bengal test, but negative to the CF test. PMID- 811201 TI - Biogenic amines in Drosophila melanogaster selected for differences in larval feeding behavior. PMID- 811202 TI - Effects of magnesium pemoline on a delayed match-to-sample task in monkeys. PMID- 811203 TI - A genetic analysis of phototactic behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Hybridization of divergent populations. AB - Artificial selection has produced populations of Drosophila melanogaster which show either positive or negative phototactic behavior. Selection was carried out in the presence of various marked multiple inversions used to suppress genetic recombination. Reciprocal hybridizations between photopositive and photonegative populations of flies have revealed the X chromosome of D. melanogaster to be important in phototactic behavior regardless of conditions which restricted genetic recombination during selection. PMID- 811204 TI - Frequency-dependent sexual selection among wild-type strains of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Frequency-dependent sexual selection was studied using three geographically isolated strains of Drosophila melanogaster. The Oregon-R and Canton-Special wild type strains were essentially homogeneous, having been maintained in laboratories since 1925; the wild Macomb strain was relatively genetically heterogeneous, having been collected in September 1972, immediately prior to this investigation. allowing 2 hr observation possible double combinations of the three strains were placed in separate chambers of a modified Elens-Wattiaux observation apparatus at ratios of 5:20, 12:12, and 20:5. All time for each chamber, data were collected to detect mating preference between these strains. There was no sexual isolation between the strains. However, frequency dependence, where rare males have a definite mating advantage in a population, was exhibited by the strains studied. Sexual vigor appeared to be a factor when the heterogeneous Macomb strain was mated to either of the two homogeneous strains in equal numbers. PMID- 811205 TI - Courtship song and mating speed in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. AB - Courtship song and mating speed of hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans were investigated. The courtship song of hybrid males is identical to that of D. simulans, suggesting that X chromosome determination, known from the cross between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, is also possible here. Wingbeat frequency of hybrids is intermediate between that of the two parents, demonstrating that courtship song and wingbeat frequency are inherited independently of each other. In mating test, hybrid males cout and are accepted by D. simulans females more than hybrid females (presumably because their song is more "acceptable" to the former). D. melanogaster males readily, hybrids less readily, and D. simulans least. PMID- 811206 TI - Enzymatic repair of UV-irradiated DNA in vitro. AB - Excision repair of UV-damaged Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA has been carried out by a sequential enzyme system in vitro. Incision adjacent to the pyrimidine dimer in the DNA strand by correndonuclease II-initiated excision of the damage by the 5' in equilibrium 3'-directed exonuclease of the Micrococcus luteus DNA polymerase. Reinsertion of nucleotides into the gap in the strand by the DNA polymerase at 10 degrees C terminated in a single-strand break which was sealed by a polynucleotide ligase, thereby repairing the DNA strand. This restored biological activity to damaged DNA up to doses resulting in 60% inactivation of transforming activity. At higher doses, less repair was achieved, due to the development of double-strand breaks during the in vitro incision and excision steps. PMID- 811207 TI - DNA polymerase II-dependent DNA synthesis in toluenized Bacillus subtilis cells. PMID- 811208 TI - DNA repair and its relation to recombination-deficient and other mutations in Bacillus subtilis. AB - DNA repair processes operating in Bacillus subtilis are similar to other transformable bacterial systems. Radiation-sensitive, recombination-deficient mutants are blocked in distinct steps leading to recombination. DNA polymerase I is essential for the repair of X-ray-induced damage to DNA but not for recombination. PMID- 811209 TI - Molecular mechanisms for DNA repair in the blue-green algae. PMID- 811210 TI - Studies on DNA repair in mammalian cells: an endonuclease which recognizes lesions in DNA. PMID- 811211 TI - Current knowledge of the formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. PMID- 811212 TI - The dependence of DNA sedimentation on centrifuge speed. PMID- 811213 TI - Excision-repair of 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide damage responsible for killing, mutation, and cancer. AB - Excision-repair of DNA base damage produced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was compared in Escherichia coli, human cells, and mouse cells. Paper chromotography of acid hydrolysates of DNA extracted from cells treated with 3H labeled 4NQO revealed four peaks; two kinds of 4NQO-guanine adduct, one kind of 4NQO-adenine adduct, and free 4-aminoquinoline-1-oxide (4AQO). About 80% of the initially formed 4NQO-purine adducts were excised from DNA in E. coli uvrA+ cells during 60 min postincubation, but not at all in uvrA- (excisionless for uv damage) cells. Normal human cells excised about 60% of 4NQO-purine adducts during 24 hr postincubation, but xeroderma pigmentosum (excisionless) cells did not. A mouse cell line susceptible to repair of 4NQO-induced pretransformational damage also showed excision-repair ability for the 4NQO adducts. From these and other results, we conclude that the 4NQO-purine adducts and unstable 4NQO-guanine products (which release 4AQO) are, like pyrimidine dimers, repairable by excision repair universal among E. coli, mouse, and human being, and that unexcised ones are probably the major cause of killing, mutation, and cancer. PMID- 811215 TI - [Flotation technic for the isolation of coccidial cocytes]. PMID- 811214 TI - Experimental models of complete heart block. AB - Methods of creating experimental complete heart block developed since 1883 are reviewed in detail. The three most commonly used techniques at present are: (I) Thoracotomy, atriotomy and ligation of the A-V bundle. (II) Thoracotomy and injection of a chemical into the A-V node or bundle. (III) Injection of a chemical through a transvenous catheter into the node or bundle. The results in different species, complications, and variations in procedure are discussed. The bibliography provides a comprehensive index of work performed in animals with experimental complete heart block. We produced complete heart block in sixteen pigs but subsequently eleven died during Stokes-Adams attacks. Pigs have not been used previously as models of heart block for experimental purposes and prophylactic pacing appears mandatory in this species. PMID- 811216 TI - Experimental subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a monkey by subcutaneous inoculation with a defective SSPE virus. PMID- 811217 TI - Iron-binding fragments from the carboxyl-terminal region of hen ovotransferrin. AB - 1. When iron-saturated hen ovotransferrin was treated with subtilisin the N terminal half was digested at a faster rate than the C-terminal half, allowing the latter to be isolated as a single-chain fragment of mol.wt 35000. 2. In mildly acid conditions iron-ovotransferrin loses iron preferentially from its N terminal binding site. Trypsin digestion of the resulting monoferric ovotransferrin also gave rise to a C-terminal fragment. 3. Comparison of the N terminal fragment with the C-terminal fragments shows differences in composition, peptide 'maps', CNBr-cleavage patterns and antigenic structures. The C-terminal fragments carry the carbohydrate group of ovotransferrin. 4. Both N-terminal and C-terminal fragments donate their bound iron to rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 811219 TI - The disposition of membrane polypeptides in stored blood. PMID- 811218 TI - Studies of polysaccharide fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. AB - Two polymeric water-soluble fractions were isolated by gel filtration after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 1999. The fraction of higher molecular weight retained the O-antigenic specificity of the lipopolysaccharide and may be 'side-chain' material. This fraction was rich in N (about 10%) and gave several basic amino compounds on acid hydrolysis; fucosamine (at least 2.8% w/w) was the only specifc component identified. The fraction of lower molecular weight was a phosphorylated polysaccharide apparently corresponding to 'core' material. The major components of this fraction and their approximate molar proportions were: glucose (3-4); rhamnose (1); heptose (2); 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1); galactosamine (1); alanine (1-1.5); phosphorus (6-7). In the intact lipopolysaccharide this fraction was probably linked to lipid A via a second residue of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, and probably also contained additional phosphate residues and ethanolamine. The residues of 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid were apparently substituted in the C-4 or C 5 position, and the phosphorylated heptose residues in the C-3 position. The rhamnose was mainly 2-substituted, though a little 3-substitution was detected. The glucose residues were either unsubstituted or 6-substituted. Four neutral oligosaccharides were produced by partial acid hydrolysis and were characterized by chemical, enzymic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods of analysis. The structures assigned were: Glcpalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rha; Rhapalpha1-6Glc; Glcpbeta1-2Rhapalpha1-6Glc. The galactosamine was substituted in the C-3 or C-4 position, the attachment of alanine was indicated, and evidence that the amino sugar linked the glucose-rhamnose region to the 'inner core' was obtained. PMID- 811220 TI - Radioimmunossay of ecdysone. An application to Drosophila larvae and pupae. PMID- 811221 TI - Thyrotropin and prolactin inhibitory studies by compounds related to the thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 811222 TI - Demonstration of a cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid 15beta-hydroxylase in Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 811223 TI - The configuration of delta5, 7, 22-sterols in a tracheophyte. PMID- 811224 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol administration in the rat: relative dependency on dietary lipids--I. Induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. PMID- 811225 TI - UDP glucuronyltransferase and phenolsulfotransferase from rat liver in vivo and in vitro--IV. Species differences in harmol conjugation and elimination in bile and urine in vivo. PMID- 811226 TI - Starvation and phenobarbital treatment effects on drug hydroxylation and glucuronidation in the rat liver and small intestinal mucosa. PMID- 811227 TI - Commentary. New developments in metal antidotal properties of chelating agents. PMID- 811228 TI - Effects of activators in vitro on rabbit lung and liver microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase activity. PMID- 811229 TI - Evidence against multiple forms of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 811230 TI - Commentary: Control of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. PMID- 811231 TI - Staphylococcal micrococcins. III. Antibacterial and therapeutic properties. AB - Micrococcin M, micrococcin M1 and eight micrococcin M derivatives, and two peptide antibiotics produced by micrococci and staphylococci were investigated for their antibacterial activity and therapeutic value. These antibiotics appeared to act solely on Gram-positive bacteria, especially on staphylococci and streptococci, in quite low concentrations in vitro and exerting both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Gram-negative bacteria were virtually not susceptible. Resistance to micrococcins developed very rapidly, due to existence of numerous primarily resistant cells in sensitive populations. Complete cross-resistance resulted from acquiring resistance to one of the micrococcin antibiotics. Therapeutic effects are poor, as micrococcins are not absorbed from the injection site or from the intestinal tract after peroral administration. Importance of micrococcins in nature may be high, especially when ecology of normal bacterial flora and carriage of staphylococci and streptococci are concerned. PMID- 811232 TI - Contamination and sterilisation of local anaesthetic cartridges. PMID- 811233 TI - Proceedings: Cerebral venous oxygen and blood flow changes after cerebral metabolic depression. PMID- 811234 TI - Letter: Muscle relaxant requirements in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 811235 TI - Respiratory depression in newborn monkeys at Caesarean section following ketamine administration. AB - Ketamine, currently being evaluated as an obstetric anaesthetic agent, is said to provide analgesia without depression of the protective airway reflexes or depression of the respiratory or cardiovascular systems. We have studied the effects of ketamine on the uterine blood flow, the foetus and the newborn in five monkeys (Macaca nemistrina). Uterine blood flow, (UBF) was measured by the steady state infusion technique using tritiated water as the indicator. All of the variables were measured during a control period and again at 10 and 90 min after the administration of ketamine in doses of 2 mg/kg in three monkeys or 1 mg/kg in two. Maternal respiration was maintained at normal physiological levels without significant variation. The maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) did not change significantly, but heart rate (HR) did increase significantly following the injection of ketamine and remained increased for the duration of the study. UBF, a-v oxygen difference, and the oxygen consumption of the uterus and its contents remained stable throughout. During the intrauterine period the foetus did not seem to be affected by the two doses of ketamine. However, the three newborn monkeys delivered of the mothers who had reveived ketamine 2 mg/kg had profound respiratory depression. This was not seen in the two infants delivered from mothers receiving 1 mg/kg. Others have shown that neonatal depression is dose- and time-related. We conclude that ketamine should be administered to obstetric patients in small single doses or by continuous infusion in very low concentrations. PMID- 811236 TI - "Malignant" otitis externa in a patient on haemodialysis. PMID- 811237 TI - Effect of bromhexine on the incidence of postoperative bronchopneumonia after upper abdominal surgery. AB - The incidence of postoperative bronchopneumonia in 70 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery who received intramuscular and oral bromhexine after operation for 5 days was 25% (8 of 32), compared with 34% (13 of 38) in a control group, but this difference in favour of bromhexine does not reach statistical significance. All patients had postoperative physiotherapy. However, in a high risk group (patients who smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day, who admitted to a productive cough before the operation and in whom the forced expiratory volume as a percentage of the forced vital capacity was less than 70) the incidence of postoperative bronchopneumonia in those who had bromhexine was 6 of 17 compared with 9 of 15 in the controls. Thus bromhexine for the prevention and treatment of postoperative bronchopneumonia in high-risk patients after upper abdominal surgery deserves further study. PMID- 811238 TI - Sensitivity of leukaemic lymphocytes to microtubular reagents. AB - Tests were make in this and in previous studies on the cytocidal action of cold (27 degrees), heat (43-50 degrees) anoxia, EDTA, colchicine and vincristine on non-dividing lymphocytes from normal individuals and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The reagents were selected for this work because they have been reported to have an effect on microtubules of various types of cells. All of the reagents were found to be more toxic to leukaemic than to normal lymphocytes. These findings are in accord with the hypothesis that vincristine produces a cytocidal effect by its action on the microtubules of leukaemic lymphocytes in interphase, that microtublues of leukaemic lymphocytes are more sensitive to reagents than those of normal lymphocytes, and that microtubules of leukaemic lymphocytes have abnormal cytopharmacological reactions. PMID- 811239 TI - Red cell destruction in vivo by low concentrations of IgG anti-A. AB - Red cells coated with as little as 0.3-0.5 mug anti-A/ML cells were found to agglutinate if mixed with plasma and rocked on a tile, whereas the minimum amount of IgG anti-Rh required for agglutination under these conditions was about 50 mug antibody/ml cells. Complement-binding by red cells coated with IgG anti-A could be demonstrated only when the amount of antibody on the cells was at least 14 mug antibody/ml cells. Since in ABO haemolytic disease the amount of antibody on the cells is frequently less than 0.6 mug/ml cells, it seems that red cell destruction in this syndrome is not due to the activation of complement but may be due to the sequestration of agglutinated cells. A few experiments are described in which the survival in vivo of small amounts of agglutinated cells was studied. Reasons are given for considering that such experiments fail to mimic the conditions prevailing in ABO haemolytic disease. PMID- 811240 TI - Quantitation of subclasses of mononuclear cells in normal human blood by membrane receptor studies. AB - A technique for quantitating mononuclear cells expressing E, EA(IgG), EAC receptors, immunoglobulin carrying cells and phagocytic cells in normal human venous blood is described; normal values for each of these classes of mononuclear cell are established. The effects of different methods of cell preparation have been considered; these were found not to have a significant effect on the final values. In addition, we describe a second category of 'fluorescent non-capping' cells and show that these are numerically equivalent to cells which ingest neutral red. PMID- 811241 TI - A form of hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin characterized by uneven cellular distribution of haemoglobin F and the production of haemoglobins A and A2 in homozygotes. AB - Thirteen members of a British family were found to have elevated levels of haemoglobin F (Hb F) which segregated into two groups with mean values of 19.8+/ 0.52% and 8.9+/-3.1% respectively. Genetic data indicate that the individuals in the former group are probably homozygous, and those in the latter group heterozygous, for the gene causing persistent Hb-F production. There is a significant reduction in the level of Hb A2 in the homozygotes. The Hb F is heterogeneously distributed among the red cells of each of the affected family members. In each case the haematological findings are normal and biosynthetic studies indicate balanced globin-chain synthesis. Chemical studies indicate that the Hb F consists mainly of the Agamma type together with a small (c 10%) but significant amount of the Ggamma type in both homozygotes and heterozygotes. The other red-cell proteins and antigens are of the adult variety in all affected family members. The condition differs from previously described forms of hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin by virtue of the heterogeneous distribution of the Hb F and the presence of beta and delta-chain synthesis in homozygotes. Its possible basis as a controller-gene mutation is discussed. PMID- 811242 TI - Continuous flow centrifuge leucapheresis in the management of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Six patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) were treated by repeated continuous flow centrifuge (CFC) leucapheresis. In six of seven courses of leucapheresis there was no improvement in splenomegaly. In no instance was the leucocyte count reduced to the normal range. The immediate changes in peripheral leucocytosis produced by each CFC leucapheresis procedure were quite variable. There was no correlation between the intensity of a series of CFC leucapheresis procedures and the total clinical effectiveness of the therapy. Balancing potential benefits against definite costs to the patient, CFC leucapheresis seems justified in only a minority of CML patients. Untreated CML patients who have cyclic leucocytosis may be the best candidates for this therapy. Currently this form of therapy for CML remains experimental. PMID- 811244 TI - The procoagulant factor of leukaemic promyelocytes: demonstration of immunologic cross reactivity with human brain tissue factor. AB - A procoagulant activity was found in the immature cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. It was demonstrated that this activity was related to tissue factor. The protein component of tissue factor from brain extract was purified by Nemerson's technique and injected into rabbits to obtain anti-TF antibodies. Similar antibodies were produced against the promyelocyte extract. The anti-brain tissue factor antibodies neutralized the tissue factor activity of promyelocyte extract, and antibodies against immature cells were able to neutralize the tissue factor activity of human brain extract. In immunoprecipitation studies a reaction of partial identity appeared between one component of promyelocyte extract and one component of brain tissue factor. The data demonstrated that the promyelocyte procoagulant is antigenically related to brain tissue factor. PMID- 811243 TI - Human isoferritins: organ specific iron and apoferritin distribution. AB - Ferritins from human liver, spleen, heart, pancreas and kidney were compared by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, by immunodiffusion against antisera to homologous and heterologous ferritin, and in some cases by their cyanogen bromide peptides. All ferritins appeared to consist of a single species on gel electrophoresis with the exception of heart ferritin which separated into two major components. Small differences in electrophoretic mobility were found in all tissue ferritins. By contrast, all tissue ferritins were found to consist of multiple forms when analysed by gel electrofocusing. At least five isoferritins were found in most tissues, several of which were common to most tissues. At least two were common to all tissues. Those ferritins which were most easily distinguishable electrophoretically, e.g. spleen and heart ferritin, showed the greatest differences on gel electrofocusing. The ferritin profile was characteristic of each organ and was reproducible both within individuals and between individual tissues. There were striking differences in the iron content of the various isoferritins within a tissue. Further, the iron content of isoferritins common to more than one tissue varied with the tissue of origin. Some isoferritins in several organs and all of the isoferritins in pancreas appeared to contain little, if any, iron. All five tissue ferritins contained antigenic determinants in common with liver ferritin. However, an additional antigenic determinant was found in liver ferritin which was not detectable in the ferritins from the other organs. PMID- 811245 TI - The role of thrombin in ADP-induced platelet aggregation and release: a critical evaluation. AB - The role of thrombin in ADP-induced aggregation and release in vitro was critically examined. The addition of heparin or hirudin to citrated platelet rich plasma did not prevent aggregation or release. The addition of citrate to heparinized plasma restored secondary aggregation and release. Hirudin did not prevent irreversible aggregation. These results are incompatible with the hypothesis that thrombin is a primary and necessary mediator of platelet aggregation (Ardlie & Han, 1974; Han & Ardlie, 1974a, b, c). This hypothesis is based in part on the assumption that EDTA enhances the elution of clotting factors from platelets; we found no enhanced elution of factors II, V, X, VIII, IX or XI when platelets were washed in EDTA. PMID- 811246 TI - Distribution and mobility of the A, D and c antigens on human red cell membranes: studies with a gold-labelled antiglobulin reagent. AB - Studies are presented in which a gold-labelled anti-IgG reagent has been used to map the distribution of A, D and c antigen sites on the human red cell membrane. Red cells were combined with IgG antibodies; ghosts were produced which were then labelled with gold-anti-IgG. D antigen sites were found to be single entities dispersed on the red cell membrane of lysed but otherwise untreated Rh positive cells. Following papain treatment prior to lysis, a clustered distribution was observed. Clustering of D sites was also observed on non-enzyme-treated red cells of the -D- phenotype. Further studies indicated that D and c antigen sites are closely associated on ccDEE red cells. The distribution of A antigen sites was found to be clustered in proportion to the amount of IgG anti-A combined with the cells. Reasons are given for considering such distribution as indirect evidence of mobility of A sites. There was an association between agglutinability of red cells by IgG antibodies and the extent of the clustering of the antigen sites. PMID- 811248 TI - Amino acid composition of amniotic fluid in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and rhesus incompatibility. AB - The levels of free amino acids in amniotic fluid were determined in twenty patients with normal pregnancy, five with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, twelve with pre-eclampsia, and four with rhesus incompatibility. In pre-eclampsia there was no significant change in the amino acid composition of the amniotic fluid. In recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis the concentration of 15 out of the 22 amino acids studied was significantly higher than normal and the mean concentration of 4 others was more than 20 per cent above normal without this being statistically significant. In rhesus incompatibility there was a significant decrease in the concentration of 13 amino acids, and a decrease of more than 20 per cent in the mean concentration of 5 others. PMID- 811249 TI - Endometrial ossification. AB - Irregular growth of bone was seen in endometrial tissue curetted from a 41-year old woman, 12 months after an abortion. Bone was present in a second specimen taken later. On hysterectomy 22 months after the abortion, no trace of the abnormal tissue was found. The heterotopia is considered to be due to metaplasia occurring in cells initially concerned in the post-abortion reparative process. PMID- 811247 TI - Tetramethyl lead absorption: a report of human exposure to a high level of tetramethyl lead. AB - Accidental human exposure to a high level of tetramethyl lead is described. Tetramethyl lead is blended with petrol as an antiknock agent, and it has similar physical properties to tetraethyl lead. The patient had high levels of lead in urine, averaging 4-75 mumol (983 mug) daily for the first four days after exposure and he continued to have raised levels of urinary lead for six months. He had no symptoms or physical signs of lead poisoning and comparisons are made between this case and previously reported cases of poisoning by tetraethyl lead. In the cases of tetraethyl lead poisoning all the patients had symptoms, some severe, yet in no instance did the urinary lead levels approach those described in this patient. The effects of chelation therapy with calcium disodium versenate are discussed and the results are similar to those found in tetraethyl lead poisoning. Blood lead levels of up to 3-91 mumol/l (81 mug/100 g) occurred but these levels were not raised commensurate with the urinary lead output. The levels of deltaaminolaevulinic acid (ALA) in the urine were not significantly raised and this report shows that the urinary lead levels give a better guide to the degree of absorption of tetramethyl lead compared with the blood lead or urinary ALA levels. The report illustrates that tetramethyl lead is less toxic to man than tetraethyl lead. PMID- 811250 TI - Ocular motor dysfunction in total and hemicerebellectomized monkeys. AB - Studies of ocular motor function in monkeys undergoing either total or hemicerebellectomies has revealed the following abnormalities which can be attributed to cerebellar dysfunction: 1. Loss of smooth pursuit movements 2. Gaze fixation nystagmus 3. Loss of inhibitory input on the vestibular apparatus reflected in a decreased latency and prolonged response to caloric stimuli. It is intimated that the role of the hemicerebellum deals with ipsilateral tone and its effect on eye movements. PMID- 811251 TI - Glaucoma-induced changes in the ciliary ganglion. AB - Changes in ciliary ganglion cells are described after the experimental induction of glaucoma in rhesus monkeys. They appear within 12 hours in the form of peripheral displacement or extrusion of the cell nucleus and loss of Nissl granules. PMID- 811252 TI - Cross-linking of troponin with dimethylimido esters. AB - The topology of troponin, the calcium binding regulatory protein in muscle, has been studied by cross-linking with different length dimethylimido esters. The results show that the three components of troponin are close to each other and that the troponin-I and -T are preferentially cross-linked being 0.6 nm or less apart. The largest cross-linked product is a complex which corresponds in molecular weight to the native troponin complex of 1 mol of each of the three components. Cross-linked troponin has lost the ability to make the actomyosin ATPase calcium sensitive although it does bind to actin-tropomyosin and tropomyosin, and it binds calcium normally. No effect of calcium on cross-linking could be detected. PMID- 811253 TI - The reconstitution of microtubules from purified calf brain tubulin. AB - The in vitro reconstitution of calf brain tubulin, purified by the method of Weisenberg et al. [(1968), Biochemistry 7, 4466-4479; (1970), Biochemistry 9, 4110-4116] as modified by Lee et al. [(1973), J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7253-7262], was successful in a medium consisting of 10(-2) M sodium phosphate, 10(-4) M GTP, and concentrations of magnesium ions ranging from 0.5 to 16 X 10(-3) M at 37 degrees. Filaments resembling native microtubules were formed. The filaments are in equilibrium with the associating species of tubulin and the equilibrium can be shifted to depolymerization by lowering the temperature to 20 degrees. Filament formation is inhibited by calcium ions which also cause disassembly of the formed filaments. The effects of calcium ion can be reversed by the addition of [ethylenebis-oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid. The formation of filaments is favored by the presence of 3.4 M glycerol; only twisted abnormal filaments are observed in the presence of 1 M sucrose. The high molecular weight components observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of many tubulin preparations were shown not to be essential for the formation of the filaments. PMID- 811255 TI - Modification of the automated sequence determination as applied to the sequence determination of the Spirulina maxima ferredoxin. AB - The amino acid sequence of the Spirulina maxima ferredoxin was shown to be: H2N Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Val-Thr-Leu-Ile-Ser-Glu-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ile-Asn-Glu-Thr-Ile-Asp-Cys Asp-Asp-Asp-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Ala-Ala-Glu-Glu-Ala-Gly-Leu-Asp-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser Cys-Arg-Ala-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ser-Thr-Cys-Ala-Gly-Lys-Ile-Thr-Ser-Gly-Ser-Ile-Asp-Gln Ser-Asp-Gln-Ser-Phe-Leu-Asp-Asp-asp-Gln-Ile-Gln-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Val-Leu-Thr-Cys-Val Ala-Tyr-Pro-Thr-Ser-Asp-Cys-Thr-Ile-Gln-Thr-His-Gln-Glu-Glu-Gly-Leu-Tyr-COOH. The S. maxima ferredoxin is the first procaryote ferredoxin of the plant-algal type to be reported. A modification of the automated sequence determination of a peptide, which was extracted by the organic solvents used to remove excess reagents and the amino acid thiazoline, was utilized to complete the sequence of a 36 residue tryptic peptide. PMID- 811254 TI - The interaction of N-acetylglucosamine and an affinity-label analogue with alpha lactalbumin and lactose synthetase. AB - We have attempted to detect binding of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to alpha lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase, under conditions in which binding of NAG to lysozyme, a protein to which alpha-lactalbumin has a significant sequence homology, is observed. Using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, uv difference spectroscopy, competition of NAG with N methylnicotinamide chloride, and fluorescence spectroscopy, no binding was detected. The synthesis of a NAG analogue, N-diazoacetyl-glucosamine (diazoNAG), was carried out, and the molecule was demonstrated to be an active galactose acceptor in the lactose synthetase reaction. Use of this molecule in photochemical labeling experiments resulted in a large amount of nonspecific labeling of alpha-lactalbumin, lactose synthetase A protein, ribonuclease, and lysozyme, but competition experiments in the presence of an excess of NAG revealed some specific labeling in the case of A protein and lysozyme, but not with alpha-lactalbumin or a ribonuclease control. Thus, it is highly questionable that a NAG binding site is retained in alpha-lactalbumin; furthermore, it appears that the galacyosyl acceptor makes significant contacts with the A protein rather than alpha-lactalbumin in the lactose synthetase complex. PMID- 811256 TI - Studies on tetrahymena membranes. Modification of surface membrane lipids by replacement of tetrahymanol by exogenous ergosterol in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis WH-14 cells were grown in the medium supplemented with ergosterol (1 mg/100 ml) and the effects of replacement of tetrahymanol by ergosterol upon the lipid composition in the surface membranes (cilia and pellicles) were examined. 1. By scanning and freeze-etch electron microscopy it was suggested that exogenous ergosterol would be inserted into the lipid regions in the surface membranes. Although freeze-etched faces of filipin-treated membranes containing the native tetrahymanol showed a random distribution of 85-a protein particles, the ergosterol-replaced membranes after the same polyene treatment revealed the marked ultrastructural alterations on the fracture faces. 2. The replacement of tetrahymanol in membranes by ergosterol induced a profound alteration in the phospholipid class composition and a marked increase in phosphatidylethanolamine with a compensatory decrease in phosphatidylcholine and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid. 3. There are significant and quantitative but not qualitative changes in the fatty acid composition of total lipids from the ergosterol-replaced membranes. There are also increases in saturated and decreases in unsaturated fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine acyl chains particularly become more saturated, as compared with two other phospholipids, in ergosterol-replaced pellicles. This increase in saturation is due to an appreciable increase in C14:0, C16:0 and iso-C17:0, and a decrease in C18:1(delta9), C18:2(delta9,12) and C18:3(delta6,9,12). 4. These results suggest that profound alterations in phospholipids as well as in their fatty acyl chains are required to modify the overall membrane lipid composition for the maintenance of proper membrane fluidity. Our data would also support the thesis that polat head groups are involved in the membrane lipid organization and that sterols interact selectively with phospholipid molecules containing the appropriate fatty acyl chain composition in biological membranes. PMID- 811257 TI - Further studies on the effect of aldosterone on electrical resistance of toad bladder. AB - The fall in transepithelial electrical resistance which accompanies aldosterone stimulation of short-circuit current (Isc) in toad urinary bladder has been studied further to evaluate the possible causal role of this response in hormonal stimulation of Na+ transport. A steady-state change in tissue conductance was found to depend upon both the simultaneous stimulation of transport by the steroid and the metabolic state of the tissue. Changes in metabolic state alone did not alter resistance. A sustained increase in Na+ transport, dependent on pretreatment with aldosterone and elicited by addition of glucose, could be obtained without a sustained decrease in resistance. Amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+ uptake, produced changes in Isc that were linearly correlated with its effects on tissue conductance. On the basis of the conductance-Isc relationship with amiloride, the Isc response to aldosterone was about two-fold higher than would be predicted from its effects on conductance alone. Despite the apparent lack of a simple quantitative dependence of the change in Isc on the change in conductance when the response is fully developed, the results suggest that conductance changes may mediate the initial or early stage of the response. PMID- 811259 TI - Carotenoid triplet states in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Purified photochemical reaction centers from three strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and two of Rhodospirillium rubrum were reduced with Na2S2O4 so as to block their photochemical electron transfer reactions. They then were excited with flashes lasting 5-30 ns. In all cases, absorbance measurements showed that the flash caused the immediate formation of a transient state (PF) which had been detected previously in reaction centers from Rps. sphaeroides strain R26. Previous work has shown that state PF is an intermediate in the photochemical electron transfer reaction in the reaction centers of that particular strain, and the present work generalizes that conclusion. In the reaction centers from two strains that lack carotenoids (Rps. sphaeroides R26 and R. rubrum G9), the decay of PF yields a longer-lived state (PR) which is probably a triplet state of the bacteriochlorophyll of the reaction center. In the R26 preparation, the decay of PF was found to have a half-time of 10 +/- 2 ns. The decay kinetics rule out the identification of PF as the fluorescent excited singlet state of the reaction center. In the reaction centers from three strains that contain carotenoids (Rps sphaeroides 2.4.1 and Ga, and R. rubrum S1), state PR was not detected, and the decay of PF generated triplet states of carotenoids. The efficiency of the coupling between the decay of PF and the formation of the carotenoid triplet appeared to be close to 100% at room temperature, but somewhat lower at 77 degrees K. Taken with previous results, this suggests that the coupling is direct and does not require the intermediate formation of state PR. This conclusion would be consistent with the view that PF is a biradical which can be triplet in character. PMID- 811258 TI - A spectral shift in cytochrome a induced by calcium ions. AB - Ca2+ induces a red shift in the absorption spectrum of ferrocytochrome a when added to uncoupled mitochondria, sub-mitochondrial particles or isolated cytochrome aa3. The shift is identical within experimental error to the previously reported energy-linked shift in intact mitochondria (Wikstrom, M. K. F. (1972), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 283, 385-390). One mol of calcium produces the shift in one mole of cytochrome a, the KD being approx. 20-30 muM. The calcium induced shift is readily reversed by chelating agents such as EDTA, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and ATP and is insensitive to uncoupling agents and inhibitors of calcium transport (La3+ and ruthenium red). It is shown that the binding site for calcium that is responsible for the spectral shift is located on the outside of the permeability barrier of the mitochondrial cristae membrane. It is proposed that calcium simulates the energy-linked shift in cytochrome a by binding to a site of cytochrome aa3 that is occupied by protons in energized mitochondria and that is located at the external surface of the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 811260 TI - Characterisation of carbonic anhydrases from tissues of the cat. AB - 1. Red blood cells from several members of the cat family have been found to contain only carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes of the "high activity" (carbonic anhydrase II class) in red blood cells. 2. Two carbonic anhydrase II type isozymes have been isolated from red cells of the domestic cat. Kinetic and structural characterisation shows that the two isozymes have identical composition except for a probable difference of one amide group. The general characteristics of cat red cell carbonic anhydrase are similar to other mammalian carbonic anhydrase II isozymes, in particular the dog carbonic anhydrase II. 3. A carbonic anhydrase I (low activity) isozyme has been isolated and characterised from cat caecal mucosa. This carbonic anhydrase I is similar to the carbonic anhydrase I extracted from canine red cells. Comparative studies showed that whereas members of the dog family have carbonic anhydrase I and carbonic anhydrase II in red cells the cat family has only a carbonic anhydrase II type isozyme, however, cat liver and spleen homogenates were also found to contain carbonic anhydrase I identical to that found in caecum. PMID- 811261 TI - Regulation of microsomal enzymes by phospholipids. IX. Production of uniquely modified forms of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase by treatment with phospholipase A and detergents. AB - The kinetic parameters of microsomal UDPglucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) were compared after treatment of microsomes with phospholipase A and Triton X-100. Treatments with phospholipase A and Triton had differential effects on activities at V (assayed in both forward and reverse directions), the affinity of the enzyme for UDPglucuronic acid and UDP, the specificity of binding of UDPsugars, and the sensitivity of the enzyme to treatment with UDP-N-acetylgulcosamine. Comparisons of lysophosphatide, Triton, and cholate-activated forms indicated that different types of detergents activate by separate mechanisms. These data are taken as evidence that selective types of changes of the composition and structure of microsomal lipids lead to selective types of changes of the properties of UDPglucuronyltransferase. Activation of UDPglucuronyltransferase in response to different types of perturbations of the membrane lipids is thus a specific process. It was found that constraint on the maximal potential activity of the reverse reaction catalyzed by UDPglucuronyltransferase is more extensive in untreated microsomes than constraint on the forward reaction. Also, the "activated forms" of UDPglucuronyltransferase have less activity than the untreated enzyme if assays are carried out under conditions presumed to exist in vivo. These results indicate the complexity of lipid-protein interactions as regulators of membrane-bound enzymes. They also indicate the functional significance of this type of regulation for the activity of UDPglucuronyltransferase. PMID- 811262 TI - Specific inhibition of candicidin biosynthesis by the lipogenic inhibitor cerulenin. AB - Cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis, inhibits specifically the biosynthesis of the polyene macrolide candicidin by resting cells of Streptomyces. 50% inhibition was achieved with a cerulenin concentration of 1.5 mug/ml. Cells in which candicidin synthesis was inhibited for 10 h remained capable of candicidin synthesis after removal of the inhibitor. Cerulenin inhibits specifically the incorporation of [14C] propionate into candicidin but does not affect total protein or RNA synthesis. The uptake of [14C] propionate was not inhibited under conditions which totally prevented the incorporation of propionate into candicidin. Incorporation of p-amino[14C] benzoic acid NH2 [14C] BzO- into the aromatic moiety of candicidin was also inhibited by cerulenin. The inhibitory action of cerulenin was not reversed by exogenous fatty acids. Since cerulenin is known to block the condensation of malonyl-CoA subunits in the formation of fatty acids, it is concluded that the polyene macrolide candicidin is synthesized via the polyketide pathway by condensation steps similar to those occurring in fatty acid biosynthesis. PMID- 811263 TI - Proteolytic activity within lysosomes and turnover of pinocytic vesicles. A kinetic analysis. AB - Degradation of exogenous [125I] ribonuclease by renal lysosomes follows first order kinetics in ribonuclease concentration. To demonstrate this, it was necessary to apply corrections for the presence of labeled but digestively inactive particles, either pinocytic vesicles or lysosomes damaged during preparation. Such kinetics were not observed under conditions favoring lysosomal breakdown, i.e., in isotonic KCl, or in the absence of EDTA. The kinetic analysis allows determination of half-times for lysosomal protein digestion. This facilitates comparison of different lysosome preparations, or of in vitro degradation rates with results of in vivo metabolism studies. Degradation of [125I] ribonuclease showed a half-time of about 11 1/2 minutes in isotonic sucrose or saline media. This is less than the half-time for decrease of kidney radioactivity in vivo after uptake of [125I] ri-onuclease. The proportion of exogenous, labeled protein contained within secondary lysosomes was determined as a function of time after injection of ribonuclease, to monitor transfer of the protein from pinocytic vesicles to lysosomes. Ribonuclease molecules remained in pinocytic vesicles for approximately three minutes after uptake, before passage into the lysosomes. PMID- 811264 TI - Isolation of the polypeptide chains of prekeratin. AB - Stratum corneum alpha protein, the principal structural protein of the epidermis, and its precursor prekeratin have been studied. Both proteins have similar patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and consist of several polypeptide chains (designated A, A', B, B'). These subunits have been isolated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose in 8 M urea and characterized. Immunological studies have shown that the four subunits could be grouped into two distinct immunological groups referred to as the A and B groups and analysis of the cyanogen bromide fragments of purified components appeared to support such a hypothesis. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that at least one A component and one B component are necessary for the production of a typical alpha X-ray diffraction pattern. Circular dichroism studies have shown that the polypeptide chains of either class have low ellipticity when compared to the intact molecule, indicating that both chains are necessary for the formation of an alpha-helical structure. PMID- 811265 TI - Ribosomal RNA genes in the nucleus and chloroplast of Euglena. AB - Centrifugation of DNA from Euglena gracilis in Hg2+-CS2SO4 equilibrium gradients allows the chloroplast DNA to be separated clearly from the nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA isolated from a heat-bleached strain hybridizes only to the nuclear DNA. The ribosomal RNA cistrons in the chloroplast DNA are not related to those in the nuclear DNA. A possible origin for the chloroplast genome is suggested by the observation that roughly one-fourth of the ribosomal RNA complementary sequences in chloroplast DNA anneal with RNA from the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. PMID- 811266 TI - The effect of protein deprivation and starvation on the rate of protein synthesis in tissues of the rat. AB - 1. The fractional rate of protein synthesis was measured in tissues of rats in vivo by continuous infusion of [14C]tyrosine. In growing animals proteins of liver and kidney were renewed at a rate greater than 50% per day, those in skeletal muscle, brain and heart at a rate between 13 and 23% per day. 2. Protein synthesis was also measured in liver, kidney, heart, brain and skeletal muscle of rats either given a protein-free diet for 21 days or starved for 2 days. During the first 2 days no clear differences between the effects of these two regimes could be detected. 3. Gastrocnemius muscle did not lose tissue protein till after 9 days without protein in the diet. The rate of protein synthesis was halved after 1 day and halved again after 21 days without protein. It was deduced that the rate of protein breakdown in muscle had declined also. 4. In liver the loss of protein was immediate without any apparent change in the fractional rate of protein synthesis. Between 2 and 21 days of dietary protein deprivation the liver lost protein slowly but the fractional rate of protein synthesis was increased. It is proposed that lack of protein in the diet also causes an increase in the rate of liver protein breakdown. PMID- 811267 TI - [Contancy of color perception in the grey toad]. AB - Under the conditions of behavioural experiment capacity of grey toads for constant perception of an object colour was studied. It is shown that irrespective of the spectral composition of light source toad males are able to recomgnize blue colorations among the other ones (green and grey of various gradations). PMID- 811269 TI - Conversations with a chimpanzee in a computer-controlled environment. AB - The linguistic-type skills of a young chimpanzee (Pan) acquired in a computer controlled language-training situation are reviewed. Those skills include facile acquisition of vocabulary, object naming, color naming, appropriate use of "yes" and "no" in response to certain questions, and conversation. In conversations the subject has formulated novel sentences and without special training has asked that objects be named, whereupon requests were made that they be given to her. These findings are interpreted in terms of how enriched environments can serve to bring forth novel communication skills in the chimpanzee, which is otherwise alinguistic; how the challenge of the environment can serve to limit manifest intelligence; and how a cognitive, rather than the traditional stimulus-response, framework is required for understanding the communication skills and psychological processes of the chimpanzee. PMID- 811268 TI - Diminution of early environmental control through perinatal and prenatal somatosensory deafferentation. AB - Six monkeys subjected to forelimb deafferentation on day of birth (two blinded and four not blinded) spontaneously developed use of the affected limbs for support of body weight, ambulation, and clasping objects. The sighted animals also used them for climbing and reaching toward objects. Thumb-forefinger prehension did not emerge spontaneously but could be brought into existence through training. In another series of experiments, 5 of 11 monkey fetuses, exteriorized two-thirds of the way through gestation and given forelimb deafferentation, survived through caesarian delivery and at least 5 months of infancy. Although all were quadriparetic due to postoperative mechanical deformation of the cervical region, they were able to use the affected limbs to make postural adjustments and for standing and rudimentary ambulation. The results indicate that, after birth, neither spinal reflexes nor local somatosensory feedback and vision are necessary for the development of most types of movement performed by the forelimb musculature in monkeys. Continuance of the prenatal research should permit determination of the role of somatic sensation in the intrauterine development of behavior. PMID- 811270 TI - Modification of the response to separation in the infant rhesus macaque through manipulation of the environment. AB - Rhesus mother-infant pairs were housed in a playpen apparatus beginning just before the birth of four male infants. The infants were separated from their mothers four times beginning at a mean age of 218 days. In Type A separations (I and IV) the infants were removed and housed away from their familiar environment in a protected setting; in Type B separations (II and III) the infants remained in the familiar setting and mothers were removed. One pair was separated every 2 weeks for 6 days; for a particular infant, a mean of 8 weeks intervened between each of the separations. On the basis of infant behavior during separation. Type B separations appeared to have a more deleterious effect on the infant: infants did not show the typical behavioral signs of depression under Type A housing conditions, whereas, under Type B conditions, infants expressed the typical depressive reaction to separation. However, comparisons of pre- and postseparation behaviors in the mother-infant pairs indicated that Type A separations were more perturbing. Increases in ventral-ventral contact between mothers and infants were greater following Type A separations and increases in time at nipple occurred only after Type A separations; infant grooming by mother increased only after the first, a Type A, separation. Type B separations may have affected mothers more severely in that reciprocity between maternal cradling and infant clinging was greater following Type B separations than following Type A separations when infants clung significantly more often than mother cradled. PMID- 811271 TI - Effects of modification of the social environment on young monkey development. AB - Experiments and observations of the effects of modifications of the social environment on the young primate's relationship with its mother and its social sexual development have begun to delineate the large number of variables that determine and affect the attachment relationship and that are contingent upon it. Attachment can occur to a number of mother substitutes, including a dog. Early experience has special importance but young monkeys are surprisingly responsive and adaptable to substitute maternal stimuli. The quality of developing social behavior is dependent on both the quantity and quality of an attachment. We have yet to learn what are the critical component stimuli which make up an adequate early social environment for young monkeys and apes. PMID- 811272 TI - Simultaneous determination of albumin and IgG in serum and CSF: comparison of electro-immunodiffusion and immunonephelometry. AB - Simultaneous determination of albumin and IgG has been made on 50 sera and 100 CSF of neurological patients by electroimmunodiffusion (EID) and an automated immunonephelometry (AIN). A new type of gel (mixture of carboxymethyl-cellulose and agarose) was used for the determination of IgG by EID. The statistical comparison between the two methods shows the accuracy and the good reproducibility of automated immunonephelometry. PMID- 811273 TI - The classification of heritable disorders of connective tissue. PMID- 811274 TI - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias. PMID- 811275 TI - Chondrodysplasia spondylometaphysealis. AB - Four pairs of sibs with different types of spondylometaphyseal chondrodysplasias were observed. A short description of two sibs from the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, is presented. All the patients will be the subject of a separate report. PMID- 811276 TI - Auriculoepiphyseal dysplasia (multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and anomalous auricles): clinical, structural and biochemical studies. PMID- 811278 TI - The genetic mucolipidoses--definition and classification. PMID- 811277 TI - Difficulties in the classification of the epiphyseal dysplasias. PMID- 811279 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis: a progress report. PMID- 811280 TI - Mucolipidosis I. PMID- 811282 TI - Correction of accumulation of sulfate-containing compounds in cultured generalized gangliosidosis fibroblasts by beta-galactosidase. PMID- 811281 TI - Mucolipidosis III: clinical and laboratory findings. PMID- 811283 TI - Natural history of a mucolipidosis--twin girls discordant for ML III. PMID- 811285 TI - [Mechanisms of the origin of morphological changes in the central nervous system in various methods of chilling unanesthesized white rats]. AB - In comparing the thermoregulation shifts under different methods of chilling of unanesthetized albino rats with morphological changes in different parts of the CNS the role of the afferent impulses from the chilled body tissues, and of the thermoregulating stimulation of the nerve structures in the origination of morphological changes in the neurons of the reticular formation, mammillary bodies, and the spinal cord was established. Morphological changes in the neurons of the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus and the cortex of the large hemispheres were apparently caused by the direct influence of low temperatures upon the brain. PMID- 811284 TI - Absence of alpha-L-iduronidase activity in various tissues from two sibs affected with presumably the Hurler-Scheie compound syndrome. PMID- 811287 TI - [Depression of an increase of fatty acids in the blood of monkeys during stress by means of the administration of prostaglandin]. AB - In examining the level and composition of free fatty acids in the blood plasma of monkeys there were revealed distinct shifts following stress (immobilization) which were prevented by a single administration of prostaglandine E2 directly before the stress. The authors analyze the role of prostaglandines in the capacity of a factor participating in the mechanism of a reverse association, and thus, limiting the lipolytic effect of neuromediators and hormones markedly secreted in case of stress. PMID- 811288 TI - The K-test (trypsin clotting time) in coumarin treated patients and in congenital deficiencies and abnormalities of the prothrombin complex. AB - The behavior of K-test (Trypsin clotting time) has been studied in 38 patients on long-term coumarin therapy and in 19 patients with congenital coagulation disorders of the prothrombin complex. All coumarin treated patients showed a clear prolongation of the test. The results obtained were compared with the standard prothrombin time, the Hepato-Quick-test (P-P test) and the Factor II + X test values, observed in the same patients. A good correlation was observed in each instance. The highest correlation was observed between K-test and the Factor II + X test (r=+0,78;t=7,80;p less than 0.001). All congenital coagulation disorders of the prothrombin complex yielded a prolonged K-test value but for Factor VII deficiency. In three patients with this latter condition a perfectly normal value was obtained. The K-test together with the prothrombin time may be useful in the differential diagnosis of factor VII deficiency from factor X deficiency and from the factor X Friuli abnormality. PMID- 811286 TI - [Changes in the metabolism of the liver and skeletal muscle in parenteral nutrition]. AB - A study was made of the content of nucleic acids and of the readily-extracted protein in the liver and the skeletal muscle of rats with alloxan diabetes fed parenterally by various hydrolyzates. Administration of various nitrogen media activated nucleic metabolism and thus promoted restoration of protein metabolism. PMID- 811289 TI - Mutagenecity of nitroso derivatives of N-methylcarbamate insecticides in microbiological method. PMID- 811291 TI - DDT residues in cod livers from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. AB - The residues of DDT and its analogs were estimated in a number of cod liver samples (Gadus morhua) collected at six sampling sites off the Atlantic Coast of the Maritime Provinces of Canada during the summer of 1971. The residue levels indicated widespread distribution of DDT over the entire region sampled. Variations in the relative contributions of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT to the total DDT residues (xiDDT) were noted and the tendency for these residues to preferentially accumulate in lipid rich tissues was demonstrated. The residue levels found in cod livers were compared to the residue levels determined in cod flesh taken from some of the same specimens and also to residue levels in commercially refined cod liver oils. Samples of each of these types were stored at -29 degrees C and analyzed in 1973 for DDT and PCB simultaneously. The xiDDT residues determined by both methods of analysis were compared. PMID- 811290 TI - Some effects of carbaryl on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - Carbaryl produced moderate but significant inhibition of the development of the Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice and reduced appreciably the rates of incorporation of isotopically-labeled precursors into ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 811292 TI - Prolonged retention of glutaraldehyde-treated skin homografts in humans. AB - Treatment of cadaver skin homografts in vitro with glutaraldehyde significantly prolonged their average retention time from 10.9 to 21.8 days in 21 patients with burns and/or extensive soft tissue injuries. The glutaraldehyde-treated homografts serve as a useful non-viable wound cover. They remain adherent to the wound bed for prolonged periods and support the formation of granulation tissue favourable for the subsequent acceptance of autografts. Toxic symptoms or allergic reactions were not noticed in any of the recipients. Treatment of the skin with glutaraldehyde is simple to perform, requires minimal laboratory equipment, and is not time consuming. PMID- 811293 TI - Proceedings: An attempt to measure the lifetime of sodium channels in transporting epithelia. PMID- 811295 TI - The potential of californium-252 in radiotherapy. Preclinical measurements in physics and radiobiology. AB - Californium-252 is a man-made radionuclide (half-life 2-65 years) which emits a mixture of neutrons and gamma rays. It is used in radiotherapy as an alternative to radium and extends the potential benefits of neutrons to interstitial and intracavitary applications. Gamma rays account for a variable proportion of the dose (30 to 50 per cent), depending on the source filtration and the distance from the source. Dosimetry is complicated by this mixture of neutrons and gamma rays. However, measurements with paired ion-chambers, together with Monte-Carlo calculations, have produced dosimetric data that are adequate for clinical use. Many determinations of the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) have been reported. At the low dose-rates characteristic of interstitial implants, the OER is about 1-5. This is essentially the figure for fast neutrons alone, since at very low dose rates the contribution of the gamma rays to the biological effect is negligible. As the dose increases, there is a corresponding rise in the OER because the gamma ray contribution can no longer be ignored. The OER is likely to be about 1-8 if 252Cf is used in intracavity treatments and 2-0 if used in "acute" exposures in devices such as the Cathetron. The relative biological effectivenesss (RBE) varies with dose-rate, and with the biological system used to measure it. Radiobiological experiments indicate that 6,000 rads of radium gamma rays in seven days is equivalent to 890 rads of 252Cf neutrons delivered in approximately the same overall time. This figure was suggested some years ago as an interim guide-line until sufficient clinical experience is accumulated. PMID- 811294 TI - Proceedings: Investigations concerning TRH-induced hypothermia in cats. PMID- 811296 TI - The principles of hyperbaric and anoxic radiotherapy. AB - The effectiveness of hyperbaric and anoxic radiation therapy has been analysed in relaton to local control of malignant disease. Pilot schemes have led to the adoption of two basic treatment regimes which have similar morbidity to conventional regimens, but within their limitations are shown here to greatly increase the response rate of the malignancies treated. The limitations of each method are established. It is the lack of appreciation of limitations which have prejudiced much opinion against such methods; this article attempts to put their true place in perspective. PMID- 811297 TI - An interesting case of possible abscopal effect in malignant melanoma. PMID- 811298 TI - The immunological integrity of matrix substance A and its possible detection and quantitation in urine. AB - There would seem to be no doubt that most stone-forming patients at some time during the course of their disorder excrete substances not present in normal urine. However, considerable doubt must now exist that "Matrix Substance A" is a single antigenic entity or that its presence is confined to the active formation of renal calculi. PMID- 811299 TI - Multiple ureteral diverticula associated with bilateral ureterocoeles. PMID- 811300 TI - The disinfection of urological endoscopes. PMID- 811301 TI - The non-surgical treatment of thyroid cancer. AB - The non-surgical treatment of thyroid cancer is outlined. The success of chemotherapy and of radiotherapy is dependent on the number of tumour cells present, and immediate postoperative treatment is therefore often valuable. The role of X-ray therapy, radio-iodine, hormones and chemotherapy is discussed for the different histological types. PMID- 811302 TI - Prophylactic interparietal povidone-iodine in abdominal surgery. AB - This study sought to determine in a district general hospital (a) the frequency and nature of bacterial contamination at operation, (b) the incidence of consequent infection and (c) the prophylactic effect, if any, of interparietal povidone-iodine against postoperative wound infection. Bacterial contamination was shown in 49 per cent of all the abdominal surgical wounds at the end of operation. From 61 per cent of the subsequently infected wounds, organisms identified as contaminants at operation were again found. Interparietal instillation of povidone-iodine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in wound infection (P less than 0.01) in treated patients compared with untreated, randomized, matched controls. It was of significant value in cases of intestinal resection and peritonitis, in obese patients and in those with paramedian incisions. Laboratory studies indicate that povidone-iodine does not induce bacterial resistance. This chemical antibacterial agent may thus provide a preferable alternative to antibiotics in preventing such infections. PMID- 811303 TI - Infusion apparatus for parenteral nutrients. PMID- 811305 TI - Subclavian vein cannulation: a new complication. PMID- 811307 TI - Letter: Rhesus sensitisation associated with IUD in pregnancy. PMID- 811306 TI - Diseases of the central nervous system: Epilepsy. PMID- 811304 TI - Letter: Alpha-chain disease cured with antibiotics. PMID- 811308 TI - Reduced severity of Rh-haemolytic disease after anti-D immunoglobulin. AB - A total of 2459 Rh-negative women who received anti-D immunoglobulin after a Rh positive pregnancy were followed up in at least one subsequent pregnancy. There was a failure of protection rate of 1-6%. Follow-up of 53 subsequent infants of mother in whom protection had failed showed that the infants were less severely affected than would have been expected. This was confirmed by a comparative statistical analysis of the present series and a series of first affected cases before anti-D immunoglobulin was available, using the antibody titre during pregnancy and the haemoglobin levels at delivery. PMID- 811309 TI - Letter: Folic acid deficiency during intensive therapy. PMID- 811310 TI - Sinus bradycardia following treatment with hydergine for cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 811311 TI - Editorial: Immunisation against dental caries. PMID- 811312 TI - Use of prazosin in management of hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure and in renal transplant recipients. AB - Prazosin was used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs in the successful management of hypertension in seven patients with chronic renal failure and six renal transplant recipients, also with chronic renal failure. The addition of small doses of prazosin (mean 3 mg/day) to the antihypertensive regimen produced significant falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both the lying and standing positions. The standing blood pressures were significantly lower than the lying blood pressures during prazosin treatment. Neither the mean blood urea concentrations nor the mean plasma creatinine concentrations changed significantly during prazosin administration. Chromium-51 edetic acid clearances did not change significantly during prazosin treatment in the seven patients in whom it was measured. Severe symptomatic postural hypotension occurred in one patient a week after starting prazosin 3 mg/day. This hypotensive episode was associated with a transient and reversible deterioration in renal function. Another patient developed a rash while on prazosin but it was probably related to propranolol rather than prazosin. Prazosin is thus an effective antihypertensive drug in patients with chronic renal failure, and it may be used with a variety of other drugs. It should be used cautiously, however, since patients with chronic renal failure may respond to small doses, and significant postural falls in blood pressure may result. There was no evidence that the use of prazosin resulted in progressive deterioration in the residual renal function of the patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 811313 TI - Thyroid hormones in the elderly sick: "T4 euthyroidism". AB - Thyroid function and serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were investigated in 79 euthyroid geriatric patients. Of the 59 inpatients and 20 outpatients 35 (59%) and 2, respectively, had low T3 levels. In contrast, 7 (12%) and 6 (30%), respectively, had raised T4 levels. Two further patients were excluded from the study because of raised levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thyroxine-binding globulin was greatly increased in both groups of patients, but low serum albumin levels were present in 31 (39%). Despite these changes free T3 and T4 indices closely followed total T3 and T4 levels. The difference between the two groups of patients did not correlate with body weight, diagnostic categories, age, drug treatment, or duration of stay in hospital. PMID- 811314 TI - Steatorrhoea complicating therapy with mefenamic acid. PMID- 811316 TI - Letter: Folic acid deficiency during intensive therapy. PMID- 811317 TI - Prevalence of gonorrhoea among women using various methods of contraception. AB - Among 2,005 women attending a contraceptive clinic 9-3 per cent. were found to have gonorrhoea. When these women were classified according to the method of contraception used at the time of their initial visit to the clinic, the following prevalence of gonorrhoea was observed: oral contraceptives 11-5 per cent., intrauterine contraceptive devices 9-9 per cent., barrier methods (condom diaphragm-foam) 4-2 per cent. These differences are statistically significant. The authors suggest that the additional protective advantage of barrier methods should be considered when the physician and patient are selecting appropriate methods of contraception. PMID- 811315 TI - Outbreake of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. AB - The first recognised outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and the first since the original epidemic in West Germany and Yugoslavia in 1967, occurred in South Africa in February 1975. The primary case was in a young Australian man , who was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital after having toured Rhodesia. Two secondary cases occurred, one being in the first patient's travelling companion, and the other in a nurse. Features of the illness included high fever, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea, hepatitis, a characteristic maculopapular rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a bleeding tendency. The first patient died on the seventh day from haemorrhage resulting from a combination of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. The other two patients were given vigorous supportive treatment and prophylactic heparin and recovered after an acute phase lasting about seven days. During this period on developed pancreatitis, the serum amylase remaining raised until the 32nd day after the onset of the illness. The other developed unilateral uveitis after having been asymptomatic for two months. This persisted for several weeks and Marburg virus was cultured from the anterior chamber of the eye. PMID- 811318 TI - Chlamydial infection of the male baboon urethra. AB - Two adult male baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were infected by urethral catheter with a Type D strain of Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from a male patient with nongonococcal urethritis. Chlamydial organisms were shed from the urethra for about 90 days and serum antibody developed. Intraurethral re-inoculation of homologous and heterologous (Type I) strains of Chalmydia, 4 and 11 months later, resulted in relatively shorter periods of infection of less than 15 days. The antibody titres and type-specific patterns were not substantially influenced by re-infection. PMID- 811320 TI - Enhancement of susceptibility to experimental phycomycosis by agents producing reticuloendothelial stimulation. PMID- 811321 TI - Stimulation of protective immunity to Salmonella Kauffmann-White group N serotypes by Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica antigens. PMID- 811319 TI - Intensive and prolonged tetracycline therapy in non-specific urethritis. AB - Details are given of a double-blind trial involving 400 cases in which tetracycline 500 mg. four times a day for 7 days was compared with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 14 days and also of the findings in 311 cases treated with Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks. The treatment in the double-blind trial were equally effective and appeared to be as effective as the long-term Deteclo therapy. When the results of these treatments were compared with those obtained previously with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 4 days and allowance was made for the time at which the latter results have been assessed, it was concluded that neither the treatment used in the double-blind trial nor Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks offered any advantage over the customary treatment with tetracycline 250 mg, four times a day for 4 days. PMID- 811322 TI - Preliminary evidence for a direct projection of the prefrontal cortex to the hippocampus in the squirrel monkey. AB - Unilateral partial ablations in the medial prefrontal cortex of six squirrel monkeys led to fiber degeneration which followed cingulate and uncinate routes to the hippocampal region. Degenerating fibers were observed primarily in the alvear, but also in the perforant, bundle. Preterminal and terminal debris was seen on basket cells of the stratum oriens and pyramidal cells within the sratum pyramidalis of CA1-3. Since the prefrontal cortex has been shown to receive convergent sensory inputs from both external and internal milieu, this projection may represent the anatomical substrate for the essential influence of this information on the hippocampus proper, and also explain data which show the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to be integrally related to mechanisms of learning and memory behavior. PMID- 811323 TI - Relationship between growth of brain and skull of Macaca mulatta and its importance for the stereotaxic technique. AB - An analysis of the brain weight of 196 rhesus monkeys and lateral X-rays of 91 more was made to determine and correct the effect of growth and development on sterotaxic variability. A comparison of body weight to brain weight shows that the brain grows rapidly initially in a linear relationship with body weight and can increase in weight even into adulthood, with a significant amount of variability found throughout its development. The examination of the cranial base and sterotaxic reference points indicates that the brain rotates during growth in a forward and downward direction in relation to the sterotaxic planes. The distance between the anterior clinoid process and AP-0 shows an increase of little variability from linearity during growth. This distance can be used to correct for the anterior-posterior plane found in standard stereotaxic atlases. The flattening out of the cranial base results in a horizontal plane readjustment during growth. A horizontal correction can be made by measuring the distance between the base of the pituitary fossa and H-10 plane. PMID- 811325 TI - Hypothalamic supraoptic neurones: rates and patterns of action potential firing during water deprivation in the unanaesthetized monkey. AB - Extracellularly recorded action potentials were obtained from hypothalamic supraoptic neurones in unanaesthetized rhesus monkeys. Rates and patterns of firing were studied during an initial control period, during 5 successive days of water deprivation and during 4 further days when drinking water was again available. During water deprivation, plasma osmolarity increased progressively from about 300 mOsmoles/kg to about 340 mOsmoles/kg; control values were again reached after 3 days of rehydration. Systematic changes in action potential firing accompanied the changes in plasma osmolarity. Under control conditions, the majority of cells fire slowly and irregularly (type i), whilst a few cells exhibited phases of alternating activity and silence (type p). As dehydration progresses, the frequency of neuronal firing increase and the pattern of firing changes. By the third day the majority of cells are type p with few type i cells being found. By the fourth day, the population consists of type p cells with some others showing a high continuous rate of firing (type c). By the fifth day, these two cell types are found in approximately equal proportions. Rehydration of the animal reverses the situation. We propose that type i cells contribute little, if at all, to hormone secretion, while type p and type c cells would be in a more actively secreting state. According to this view, the three firing patterns would represent different activity states of the same functional population stimulated by the unspecific stimulus of water deprivation rather than functionally different neurones. However, the use of stimuli which selectively release either oxytocin or vasopressin may be needed to answer this problem. PMID- 811324 TI - A comparative study of deep avian foveas. AB - The foveas of nine avian species, initially selected for the presence of a deep fovea and representing a wide range of eye sizes and ecological habits, were studied with quantitative light microscope techniques. Considerable variation was observed in the location and configuration of the avian foveas, although they appeared to be 'convexiclivate' in shape when compared with the fovea of the rhesus monkey. Comparisons of foveal cell densities (receptor nuclei and ganglion cells) across species showed an increase in the average number of cells/visual degree2 with increasing eye size; similarly, an increase occurred in receptor nuclei relative to ganglion cell density. Thus, smaller eyes showed a coarser retinal grain and a lower 'concidence ratio' of receptors to ganglion cells than was found in the largest eyes. There appeared to be no relationship between receptor densities/mm2 and (a) eye size, (b) depth of foveal clivus, or (c) width of foveal clivus. However, a negative correlation was generally observed between the width of the foveal clivus and eye size. Two foveas were seen in the red tailed hawk, goshawk, sparrow hawk, and least tern. The central fovea was more differentiated, with greate densities of both receptor nuclei and ganglion cells than was observed in the emporal fovea of the same species. Further conclusions, particularly with respect to potential visual acuity, await quantitative measurements of foveal cone densities across species. PMID- 811327 TI - The dorsomedial cortical visual area: a third tier area in the occipital lobe of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - In the owl monkey, microelectrode mapping of Brodmann's area 19 indicates that this region contains part or all of at least 5 separate representations of the visual field, each of which adjoins the anterior border of V II and collectively are termed the third tier of cortical visual areas (V I is the first tier; V II is the second tier). Described in detail in this report is one of the third tier areas which is located on the dorsal surface and the adjacent medial wall of the occipital lobe and corresponds to a densely myelinated zone of cortex. In this dorsomedial area (DM), the representation of the horizontal meridian is partially split, and thus, like V II (see ref. 4) and the dorsolateral crescent5, DM is a second order transformation of the visual hemifield. In one abnormal owl monkey, a portion of the upper quadrant was represented twice in DM. This abnormal case may provide some clues as to how the normal pattern of visuotopic organization is established in the developing brain. PMID- 811326 TI - Autoradiographic evidence for a topographically organized projection from the striate cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 811328 TI - Single cell activity in the auditory cortex of the unanesthetized, behaving monkey: correlation with stimulus controlled behavior. AB - The neural activity of 60 cells in the auditory cortices of two rhesus monkeys was examined in relation to systematic variations in cued reinforcement conditions. Subjects were trained on a variant of the auditory reaction time (RT) task. In the final behavioral paradigm monkeys were rewarded for rapid key releases to all tonal stimuli in one reinforcement condition (frequency irrelevant = FI), while in the other stimulus-cued condition (frequency discrimination = FD) releases to certain tonal test frequencies were unrewarded. Upon completion of behavioral training, RTs to identical tonal test stimuli were longer and more variable when presented in the unrewarded (FD) condition. Following neurosurgery it was possible to observe the effects of reinforcement condition on auditory RT performance and the activity of single auditory cortical cells simultaneously. Of the auditory cortical cells sampled, 25% showed definite and repeatable alterations in evoked activity to the same tonal stimulus which were correlated with reinforcement condition. For nearly all cells examined the influence of reinforcement condition was much the same: on excitatory responses were increased in the FD condition. A few of the cells also showed alterations in latency and/or pattern of evoked discharge. Importantly, none of the units examined showed changes in their spontaneous discharge rates as a function of reinforcement condition. both peripheral mechanical and central neural theories were considered as a basis for the observed neural alterations. The specificity and latency of the alterations as well as the absence of tonic effects seemed to indicate that the neural changes observed were mediated by central mechanisms. Our results strongly suggest that the activity of a sample of auditory cortical neurons depends on the behavioral state of the preparation. We propose that 'behavioral state", appropriately defined, can be a useful concept for neurophysiologists. PMID- 811329 TI - Catecholamine-containing dendrites in primate brain. PMID- 811330 TI - Comparison between red nucleus and precentral neurons during learned movements in the monkey. AB - Monkeys were trained to depress a hold key for a period of 2 sec. After this hold period, either a red or a green cue lamp appeared in random sequence. The red lamp required the monkey to move his hand from the hold key to a target button within 1 sec of the cue presentation. The green lamp required continued depression of the hold key for 1 sec following presentation of the cue. Correct performance was reinforced with fruit juice. In comparing poststimulus and peri response latencies of 48 red nucleus (RN) and 46 percentral gyrus (PG) units related to the arm movement triggered by the red lamp, the onset of activity in most RN units occurred after the onset of activity in most PG neurons. For 48 RN neurons, the peak of the distribution of onset times was shifted 120 msec later than for 46 neurons. This delay between PG and RN is even greater than the delay between PG and postcentral gyrus. It is known that RN receives powerful inputs both from the sensorimotor cortex and from cerebellum--and it seems possible that the activity in RN was dependent on the combined action of these two inputs, with sensory feedback from movement (relayed via postcentral gyrus and/or cerebellum) being one input, and a central program from cerebellum and/or precentral gyrus being the other input. PMID- 811331 TI - Electrophysiological evidences for possible participation of periventricular neurons in anterior pituitary regulation. AB - Unit activity of neurons in the periventricular area of the third ventricle (PVA), in which the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis is included, was recorded in female rats in proestrus. The units were antidromically driven by electrical stimulation of the arcuate-median eminence region (ARC-ME). In the antidromic responses, a notch was generally observed in the rising phase of the driven wave, and fractionation of A- and B-components at the notch was readily elicited by applying repetitive stimulatory pulses at frequencies higher than 10 Hz, or successive double pulses with intervals less than 3.5 msec. At the same time, ARC-ME efferents to the PVA were suggested by orthodromic responses in the PVA to ARC-ME stimulation. Occasionally, anti- and orthodromic responses appeared in one electrode, indicating a proximate distribution of these two types of neurons in the PVA. Repetitive stimulation of the ARC-ME at 50 Hz facilitated the orthodromically driven units, whereas antidromically driven units were inhibited. This seems to imply that the orthodromic responses might be recorded from an inhibitory interneuron in the ARC-ME efferent pathway to the PVA, judging from the identical time course of the responses of the two types of the units. Both the anti- and orthodromically driven units were tested with microiontophoresis of LH-RH, TRH, LH, FSH and prolactin. Orthodromically driven units showed no response to microiontophoresis of any hormone. In the antidromically driven units, microiontophoresis of LH-RH and FSH elicited inhibition in 15 and 18% of the tests, and facilitation was seen in 15-25% of the tests in response to LH, TRH and prolactin. The demonstration that local application of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones exerts direct effects on the activity of the PVA neurons which send their axons directly to the ARC-ME, provides additional evidence that the PVA may participate in anterior pituitary regulation. PMID- 811332 TI - In vitro maturation of precursors of 5 S ribosomal RNA from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 811333 TI - The extraction of phosphoproteins from bovine dentin. AB - The phosphoprotein obtained by the neutral pH tris buffer extraction of acetic acid demineralized bovine dentin has been compared with the phosphoprotein extracted directly during the neutral pH EDTA demineralization process. The phosphoproteins isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography from the neutral pH EDTA demineralization extract are not identical to those isolated by the same procedure from the dentin which had been subjected to acid demineralization. The two demineralization procedures yield phosphoproteins different in amino acid content and in presence of 260 nm UV absorbing moiety. Even after sequential acid demineralization, trisbuffer extraction and EDTA extraction, the residual dentin contains phosphoprotein. A peptide fragment containing both collagen and phosphoprotein moieties has been isolated following digestion and cleavage of the insoluble dentin collagen with cyanogen bromide. The acid demineralization process appears to be accompanied by degradation which removes both protein and non-protein components from the phosphoprotein. PMID- 811334 TI - Further studies of the kinetics of oxygenation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase. AB - A kinetic model for soybean lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) has been examined by comparing results from extensive experimental data with theoretical data generated from a computer program. Kinetic constants have been established by closely fitting experimental and computer-generated data with both product formation versus time, and the more complex accelerative and decelerative relationships of velocity changes with time. It has been confirmed that activation of lipoxygenase by its hydroperoxide product is necessary for activity, and product removal gives inhibition in a manner quantitatively predicted by the model. The earliest accurate measurement of velocity (at 9 s) is a convenient index of the amount of product-activator present in reaction mixtures, and can be used to assay quantitatively the amount of product activator. The results confirm that soybean lipoxygenase catalyzes a product activated, substrate-inhibited oxygenation accompanied by a self-catalyzed destruction of its activity. PMID- 811336 TI - The effect of synthetic TRH on transmembrane potential and membrane resistance of adenohypophysial cells. AB - An evaluation of the stimulus-secretion coupling hypothesis was undertaken by the intracarotid administration of synthetic thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) while recording the transmembrane potential (Vm) and membrane resistance (Rm) of cells in the adenohypophysis of propylthiouracil pretreated male rats. Of those 75 cells which responded to TRH administration with a change in membrane parameters, the most predominant effect was a depolarization with a decrease in Rm observed in 21 cells, or no change in Vm but an increase in Rm observed in 23 cells. These results are discussed in terms of the thyrotrophs and other cells comprising the adenohypophysis. PMID- 811335 TI - Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency. Light and electron microscopic finding from two corneas. AB - Two brothers with LCAT deficiency are reported. Corneal specimens were studied from both patients by electron and light microscopy. The electron microscopy revealed numerous vacuoles in both Bowman's layer and anterior stroma with some having electron dense material within the vacuoles. Conventional strains including frozen sections for lipid with light microscopy failed to reveal these vacuoles or any pathology. The composition of the contents of the vacuoles remains unsolved. PMID- 811337 TI - Effect of drugs on effective vascular compliance in acute heart failure. AB - Effective vascular compliance determined by the delta V/delta P relationship was measured repeatedly in anesthetized open-chest dogs without circulatory arrest utilizing a closed circuit venous bypass system with a constant cardiac output. Production of acute heart failure by gradual aortic constriction was associated with a significant decrease in total effective vascular compliance. The effect of loading and 20-min maintenance doses of different drugs on vascular compliance of animals in acute heart failure was studied. Phenoxybenzamine (total dose 2 mg/kg) produced a rapid and sustained increase in effective vascular compliance and theophylline (12 mg/kg) produced an increase which was more gradual in development than with phenoxybenzamine. Morphine (1 mg/kg) produced a rapid but transient increase in compliance. In contrast, ethacrynic acid (100 mg) or nitroglycerin (0.6 or 1.2 mg) did not alter vascular compliance significantly. These agents differ markedly in the magnitude and time-course of effect on effective vascular compliance. PMID- 811338 TI - Alterations of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism by glucagon. AB - The effect of glucagon on the components of the hepatic microsomal electron transport chain (NADPH oxidase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.2.4), cytochrome P-450, and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase), and on two representative oxidative pathways (aminopyrine N-demethylation, a type I substrate oxidation; and aniline p-hydroxylation, a type II substrate oxidation) was determined. Microsomes from rats pretreated with glucagon (300 mug/kg per day for 3 days) showed a significant decrease in NADPH oxidation and in aminopyrine N demethylation with a prolonged hexobarbital sleeping time, and a significant increase in aniline p-hydroxylation. Microsomes from rats pretreated with a lower dose of glucagon (30 mug/kg per day for 3 days) showed a significant decrease in the microsomal N-demethylation of aminopyrine. Glucagon had no effect when added in vitro to microsomes, suggesting that the in vivo effects of glucagon are mediated indirectly in the intact animal. PMID- 811339 TI - Effective body water half-life and total body water in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Although body water content and effective water half-life have been determined in several mammalian species, including man, these measurements are not available for sub-human primates to our knowledge. Values were therefore determined in a group of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. A fairly wide range of water half-life values was found in each of the two species between animals, but there was little variation within animals who had more than one determination over the course of 1 year. Mean values for effective water half-life were 7.2 days and 3.7 days for naturally menstruating females of the cynomolgus and rhesus species, respectively. Water half-life in female rhesus monkeys with artificial menstrual cycles averaged 6.2 days. Females of both species had a similar percentage of body water content of 64%. Water half-life measured 7.1 and 8.5 days in two male rhesus; and water content was 62% of body weight in one of these animals. PMID- 811340 TI - Death rates of bacterial spores: nonlinear survivor curves. AB - Nonlinear survivor curves were obtained when spores of Bacillus cereus were heated in physiological saline solution. Curvilinear survivor curves did not appear to be caused by experimental artifacts but by the heterogeneity of spore population with regard to heat resistance. PMID- 811341 TI - Effect of growth temperature on the accumulation of glucose-oxidation products in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - The effect of the growth temperature, on the accumulation of glucose-oxidation products, was examined in aerated cultures with carbon excess in two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. At low growth temperatures (0 and 5 degrees C), 2 ketogluconate (KG) a-cumulated in the medium as the major oxidation product of glucose (up to 70%) before further metabolism. As the growth temperature was increased, the amount of 2-KG found to accumulate in the medium from glucose oxidation decreased. At a growth temperature of 20 degrees C, up to 25% of the glucose originally added accumulated in the medium as 2-KG. At the optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees C or above, no 2-KG was detected at any time during growth with glucose. Similar results were obtained when gluconate was used as the sole carbon and energy source. The results demonstrated a differential effect of growth temperature on the accumulation of oxidation products from glucose and gluconate. At low growth temperatures the major route for the catabolism of glucose and gluconate was the direct oxidative non-phosphorylated pathway. PMID- 811343 TI - Plasmid DNA in virulent and avirulent gonococci. AB - The presence of covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA in virulent and avirulent colonial types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 2686, and of type 3 colonies of strain F62 was investigated. CCC DNA was present in each, and the percentage of plasmid relative to total DNA was similar. The percentage of CCC DNA was similar in cells grown on a solid as compared with a liquid medium and in cells grown in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose. No correlation could be established between the presence of plasmid DNA and virulence of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 811342 TI - Studies on gonococcal infection. II. Attachment and fate of gonococci in tissue culture cells. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae 188, type 1, was cultured with monolayers of Rhesus monkey kidney (RE2) cells. Attachment of gonococci to RE2 cells occurred from about 2 h after inoculation and appeared maximal by 6 h when stained with crystal violet solution and examined under a light microscope. Preferential attachment of gonococci to the perinuclear region of tissue cells could not be demonstrated. Enumeration of the colony-forming units revealed that gonococci became rapidly attached to RE2 cells, increased in number, and after 8 h gradually decreased. The number of cell-free gonococci (not bound to tissue cells) remained constant for the first few hours and then changed in parallel with the cell-bound bacterial number. Gonococci did not multiply in tissue-culture medium. When penicillin was added to the system at intervals, neither cell-free nor cell-bound gonococci were recovered. Electron microscopy of RE2 cells infected with N. gonorrhoeae revealed no intact intracellular organisms, only gonococci attached to tissue cells and imcompletely engulfed or partially digested gonococci. These observations indicate that gonococci only multiply extracellarly in the presence of RE2 cells. Furthermore, some gonococci were engulfed by RE2 cells, but appeared to be digested so rapidly that they could not multiply intracellularly. PMID- 811345 TI - Identification and flagellation of coryneform bacteria from poultry litter. AB - Thirth coryneform isolates from poultry litter were identified and checked for motility and flagellation. Twenty-seven formed a yellow pigment and 3 were orange. Twenty-three yellow strains were found to be Arthrobacter citreus, although starch was hydrolyzed by these strains. Four strains, including the three mainly pale yellow isolates, grew on citrate plus an ammonium salt and were classified as A. aurescens. Three orange strains were found to be Brevibacterium linens. Only six strains of A. citreus were motile. These strains displayed flagellated rods after 1 day and flagellated cocci after 5 days incubation. The flagellar shape and arrangement were studied. Non-motile strains never showed flagella after staining. PMID- 811344 TI - Gonococcal growth factors in tissue cultures. AB - Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the presence of Rhesus monkey kidney (RE2) cells containing Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) 'conditioned' by 18-20 h of contact with RE2 cells began 3-4 h after inoculation and by 16-20 h had reached a maximum. When 'conditioned' medium (CM) was removed from the tissue cells and replaced with fresh medium a 5-6 h lag period occurred before multiplication of gonococci began and by 16 h growth was also near a maximum. CM removed from tissue cells supported the growth of six strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Three strains failed to grow in CM but multiplied when tissue cells were present. None of the strains grew in the presence of tissue cells killed by heating or in tissue-culture medium alone. Of the six strains of N. gonorrhoeae which grew in CM, three kept as their major (90%) population T1 colonies, while the remaining strains produced T1 organisms and T1A, T3, and T4 colonial variants. These results indicate that tissue cells secrete growth factors which support the growth and maintenance of T1 colonial forms of certain strains of N. gonnorhoeae. PMID- 811346 TI - Ultrastructural studies of Chondromyces crocatus vegetative cells. AB - Electron microscopy of sectioned, chemically fixed Chondromyces crocatus revealed a microorganism with a typical gram-negative cell envelope. The cytoplasm contained, in addition to tubules and two types of granules, a membrane associated structure (MAS) that, although less extensive, bears some resemblance to polar membranes observed in flagellated bacteria. Examination of swarming cells negatively stained in situ, as well as thin sections, established that cell division occurs by septum formation and that well-defined mesosomes are associated with the process. Polar pili and a compact, amorphous slime layer surrounding the cells were evident in shadowed preparations of in situ cells. The slime layer and pili, by providing cell-to-cell interconnections, may influence the organized gliding movement characteristic of C. crocatus and other myxobacteria. PMID- 811347 TI - A model system for studying protein-lipopolysaccharide synthesis, assembly, and insertion in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) has been previously shown to cause the release of a complex of protein and lipoplysaccharide (PrLPS) from the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this present work, cells of P. aeruginosa were incubated in a solution of EDTA, phosphate buffer, and hypertonic sucrose to prepare osmoplasts (osmotically sensitive cells). Osmoplasts were able to undergo self-repair of the outer-membrane damage resulting from EDTA treatment and to regain osmotic stability when incubated in growth medium/hypertonic sucrose for 2 h in the absence of exogenous PrLPS and in the absence of cell division. This repair process was inhibited by either chloramphenicol or KCN. Examination of freeze-etched preparations demonstrated that 40% of the PrLPS units in the outer membrane were removed by EDTA; after 2 h in growth medium/hypertonic sucrose, cells were able to repair this damage by synthesizing and inserting new PrLPS units into the outer membrane. Osmoplasts could also be restored to osmotic stability by suspension in osmoplast supernatant fluid containing PrLPS and Mg2+. This latter restoration process, which was not inhibited by chloramphenicol or KCN, was purely physical while the self-repair restoration process was metabolic. These data are consistent with the concept that the outer membrane proteins, especially the PrLPS units play a role in stabilizing the cell envelope and in maintaining the osmotic stability of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 811348 TI - The fine structure and the protein composition of gamma phage of Bacillus anthracis. AB - The fine structure of gamma phage of Bacillus anthracis was studied by electron microscopy with a negative-staining technique. The phage has a hexagonal head and a long tail without a sheath. By electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, the proteins of the phage particles are separate into 10 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 140 000 to 12 000. PMID- 811350 TI - Comparative evaluation of combined radiation-chlorambucil treatment of ovarian carcinomatosis. AB - In a study conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, 51 evaluable women with advanced ovarian carcinoma were randomized to either abdominal radiation therapy alone, chlorambucil alone, or to a combination of radiation therapy and chlorambucil by members of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Provision was made for crossover therapy for patients who were nonresponders to a single modality of treatment. Parameters followed included objective and subjective response rates and patient survival. The total response rate was 51%, with no significant difference among the three treatment regimens. Regarding survival, radiation therapy alone was significantly superior to the other regimens, with an average survival of 94.9 weeks. Best results were obtained in patients with normal performance status; for this group, radiation therapy alone offered the best chance for prolonged survival. PMID- 811349 TI - Does the engram of kindling model the engram of normal long term memory? AB - The kindling effect is a relatively permanent alteration in brain function which results from repeated electrical or chemical stimulation and culminates in the appearance of electrographic and behavioral convulsions whenever the original stimulus is reapplied. The effect results from tetanic activation in the anterior cortex, limbic system or associated areas of the adult mammalian brain, and the lasting alterations are transynaptic and quite widespread. They are based in part on synaptic facilitation, and they are accompanied by specific alterations in normal behavior. In these and other respects, kindling is analogous to normal learning. It is possible that the stored component (engram) of kindling involves the same physiological mechanism as the engram of normal long term memory. Morphological study of identified synapses has not provided conclusive evidence for an anatomical substrate of kindling, but physiological experiments demonstrate a lasting potentiation of the excitatory post-synaptic potential. PMID- 811351 TI - Possible role of nutrients in neoplasia. AB - The relationship between cancer and diet is supported by epidemiological evidence suggesting that diet is a factor in the development of cancer of various organs including the esophagus, stomach, liver, and large bowel. The role of depressed immunocompetency, especially during critical periods of growth and development, is stressed as a possible important consequence of nutritional insults leading to carcinoma. Study of the relationships among nutritional factors, host-defense mechanisms, and carcinogens to carcinogenesis is significant since, theoretically, manipulation of diet could suppress or prevent chemically induced cancers. The distinction should be emphasized, however, between "nutrients," those elements of one's intake that are essential because the body is unable to synthesize them de novo, and "diet," which refers to everything that is ingested. It is the components of diet, chemicals in particular, that are most convincingly implicated as carcinogens, while it is doubtful that nutrient deficiencies or excesses have a direct causal relationship with the onset or development of cancer. Rather, nutrition probably exerts its carcinogenic effects indirectly; nutrients possibly enhance chemical carcinogenesis multifactorially by mechanisms linked to their ability to: (a) act as carriers of carcinogens or their precursors; (b) alter intestinal flora so that carcinogenic reactions are facilitated; (c) enhance levels and reactivity of cocarcinogens; (d) influence absorptive properties or morphology of tissues so that carcinogenic activity is enhanced; and/or (e) modify host-defense mechanisms that normally protect the organism. PMID- 811352 TI - Dietary fat and growth promotion of rat mammary tumors. AB - A hypothesis is presented that explains the mammary tumor-promoting effects of high fat diets on the basis of alteration in the hormonal milieu, namely the relative concentrations of circulating prolactin to estrogen. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies drawn from work in our laboratory and others is reviewed in light of this hypothesis. It is postulated that mammary tumor cell proliferation is stimulated when the prolactin:estrogen ratio is high and is inhibited when the ratio is low. Chronic high fat intake elevates serum prolactin levels, thus raises the prolactin:estrogen ratio, and thereby promotes mammary tumor cell growth. PMID- 811353 TI - Interval effect of beta-irradiation and subsequent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide painting on skin tumor induction in mice. AB - Skin tumors were produced in female ICR mice by 90Sr-90Y beta-irradiation and subsequent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide painting. The doses were chosen so as to produce no tumors with a single agent alone; the interval between two treatments ranged from 11 to 408 days. The tumor induction rate was found to be at almost the same level (average, 12.4%) for each interval. The results indicate the persistence of the latent carcinogenic alterations in the beta-irradiated mouse skin. PMID- 811354 TI - Smooth muscle-associated antigen in experimental cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, and papilloma. AB - Cryostat sections of 29 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 keratoacanthomas, and 12 papillomas, induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in the skin of rabbits and rats were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with human serum containing antibody to smooth muscle. Linear or granular staining of the cell outlines of the basal squamous cell layers was seen most extensively in the carcinomas, less in keratoacanthomas, and least in papillomas. In addition, squamous cell carcinomas showed this pattern of staining at advancing tumor margins and in invasive cords and tumor cell nests in the dermis. Four keratoacanthomas also showed prominent staining of the basement membrane area. The specificity of the staining reaction was established by its prevention on neutralization absorptions of the serum with extracts or homogenates of smooth muscle. The epidermal cells of normal rabbit and rat skin gave negative staining reactions. The presence of smooth muscle-associated antigen probably corresponds to cellular microfilaments. PMID- 811355 TI - Influence of prolactin on carcinogen-induced leukemogenesis in Long-Evans rats. AB - Hypophysectomy of rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced leukemia has been reported to result in a prompt and persistent regression of the leukemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not marked alterations in prolactin secretion would influence this neoplastic process. To determine this, immature male and female Long-Evans rats were divided into three groups: Group 1, controls; Group 2, pituitary grafted (hyperprolactinemia); and Group 3, 2-bromo alpha-ergocryptine-treated (hypoprolactinemia). Two weeks after the initial treatment and at 2-week intervals thereafter (6 total), each rat was given a single intragastric intubation of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (10 mg/rat). Two months after the initial carcinogen treatment and at 2- to 3-week intervals thereafter, all rats had liver biopsies for the identification of leukemia. Results clearly show that despite nearly 10-fold difference in mean serum prolactin levels in the three groups of female rats and nearly a 20-fold difference in the level of this hormone in male rats, no significant differences in the magnitude of this leukemogenic process could be detected. Thus, striking changes in prolactin secretion do not appear to influence significantly this leukemogenic process. PMID- 811356 TI - Genetic properties of N-alpha-acetoxymethyl-N-methylnitrosamine in relation to the metabolic activation of N,N-dimethylnitrosamine. AB - A genetic study was undertaken in Drosophila with N-alpha-acetoxymethyl-N methylnitrosamine, a precursor of the alpha-hydroxymethyl derivative of N,N dimethylnitrosamine, to assess the role of alpha-carbon oxidation in toxicological activation. Genetic activity was measured for the whole testicular tissue with respect to the general response of the X chromosome (recessive lethals and visibles), as well as certain specific genic sites, including representatives of the RNA genes. The biological activity of the acetoxy compound proved to be considerably higher than that of the parent amine with respect to both cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. At low and equitoxic molarities of the 2 agents (0.1 to 1.0 and 1.0 to 10.0 mM, respectively), dose-dependence for all the investigated genetic functions followed identical patterns, which were best described by quadratic dose curves. However, the regression coefficients for the acetoxy derivative were at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the corresponding values for the amine, indicating a consistent level of mutagenic activation as a result of the alpha-acetoxymethyl substitution. At mutagenically equivalent doses, the 2 compounds gave statistically comparable frequencies of mosaicism among corresponding mutational classes and equal ribosomal DNA selectivity indices, indicating identical molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. The higher mutagenicity of N-alpha-acetoxymethyl-N-methylnitrosamine compared to N,N-dimethylnitrosamine was paralleled by its higher carcinogenicity which would suggest that the same effective metabolites might be involved in both processes. PMID- 811357 TI - Modification of infarct size. AB - The persistent high mortality from power failure resulting from myocardial infarction has stimulated an intensive search for methods of reducing infarct size, which has been shown to relate directly to the occurrence of power failure. By analyzing the time course of myocardial injury during ischemia, the reversibility of lesions with reperfusion, and the characteristics of reversibly injured tissues along the border zone of ischemic areas, concepts have been formulated regarding the possibility of salvaging marginally injured cells. Measures designed to diminish myocardial oxygen consumption, to increase blood flow or oxygen supply to ischemic areas, to increase substrate availability, or to change the degree of swelling and autolysis of injured cells have all been tested in experimental animals with some success. These methods are just beginning to be tested in the clinical setting, and, if successful, will no doubt usher in a new era in medical therapy for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 811358 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of the nerves innervating the muscle of the body of the bladder. AB - The distribution and structure of the nerves supplying the muscle of the body of the bladder in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. The muscle of the arterioles located between the muscle bundles is innervated by a fine perivascular plexus and the nerves forming the muscular plexus can be divided into inter- and intra-fascicular nerves and the intrafascicular nerves are characterised by large numbers of terminals with the features of those of cholinergic axons. In addition to many small clear vesicles, the cholinergic terminals contained some small dense-cored vesicles, and it is suggested that, as in the rat, these contain a second transmitter which is released with acetylcholine at the terminals during impulse transmission. Adrenergic term-nals are more common in the muscular plexuses of the guinea-pig, dog and cat than in those of the other animals studied and there is evidence for the presence of two types of such terminal in the nerves. Of these, one contains a much smaller proportion of small vesicles with dense cores and many more large dense-dored vesicles than the second, and the possibility of a relationship between such terminals and those of short adrenergic neurones and neurones associated with non adrenergic patterns of impulse transmission is discussed. PMID- 811360 TI - Effect of treatment with the MER fraction of tubercle bacilli on hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 811359 TI - Immunofluorescence study of LRF neurons in primates. AB - LRF producing neurons were characterized in the squirrel-monkey (Saimiri sciurus) and Cebus apella monkey, by means of a rabbit antiserum against unconjugated synthetic LRF, previously adsorbed on polyvinylpyrrolidone. These neurons, which vary in number according to the species and physiological or experimental conditions, are mainly concentrated in the mediobasal hypothalamic area (infundibular and premammillary nuclei in particular) and the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis. The neurons of the first group give rise to axons which terminate round the capillaries of the primary portal plexus of the infundibulum. Those of the second group give rise to axons which terminate round the capillaries of the primary and secondary plexuses of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis and in the ependyma which lines its ventricular side. Some specifically immunoreactive axons apparently run towards the telencephalon (passing in front of and behind the anterior white commissure), the mescencephalon and the epithalamus. Some of the latter give rise to terminal ramifications in the area of the median habenular nucleus. PMID- 811362 TI - [Analysis of electroencephalogram during vigilance and petit mal by means of periodogram]. PMID- 811361 TI - [The possibilities of inoculum transport and subsequent cultivation of gonococci on a medium carrier and in a cover from Uricult]. PMID- 811363 TI - Non-enzymatic and microsome-dependent binding of poly-cyclic hydrocarbons to DNA and polynucleotides. AB - The binding of tritium-labeled 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) to DNA or polynucleotides in vitro was re-examined both in the presence and in the absence of rat liver or human placental microsomes. A high level of non-enzymatic binding was evident when thymus DNA was used as acceptor. This non-enzymatic binding made it difficult to determine the effect of microsomes, except in the case of BP when induced rat microsomes were used. Better results were obtained using polynucleotides: a definite microsome-dependent binding occurred between all the polynucleotides and all the hydrocarbons tested. No clear evidence of binding catalysed by microsomes from human placenta was found except in polynucleotide-BP interactions: further studies are required to completely evaluate the ability of such nucleic acid-microsomal system for testing in vitro possible oncogenic substances in animals and humans. PMID- 811364 TI - Mutagenic selectivity of carcinogenic nitroso compounds. II. N,N dimethylnitrosamine. AB - The genetic properties in the hepatocarcinogen N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) were examined in Drosophila for the assessment of the role of dose, cellular metabolism and genic target in its mutagenicity. Genetic activity was assayed with respect to the induction of the non-specific X-chromosome recessives (lethals and visibles) relative to the effects on specific genic sites, especially rDNA, which yields bobbed (bb) mutations. Dosses and germ cell types, which indicated that DMN induced at least some multiple-hit mutagenic events. The genetic activity of DMN was favoured by cellular metabolism for all mutational classes, as was indicated by the progressive increase in mutational classes, as was indicated by the progressive increase in mutation yield during spermatogenesis--from the metabolically inert mature sperm to the actively metabolizing spermatocyte and spermatogonia. The role of DNA methylation in the mutagenicity of DMN was deduced from quantitative assays for its genetic activity relative to the methylating nitrosamide--N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane (MNUr)--over the same dose range (1-10 mM) and on identical cell types and genic targets. In the metabolically inert cells (mature sperm), the two compounds were equally active with respect to the non-specific effects (X-recessives), but MNUr, but the two compounds were equally effective on rDNA. These results could not be entirely interpreted by the methylation hypothesis and indicated that a DMN aldehydic metabolite, structurally analogous to MNUr, might be responsible for the induction of the rDNA mutations. The rDNA selectivity index of DMN was significantly lower than for MNUr, which paralleled their relative carcinogenic verstilities. However, DMN was comparatively more effective on the tRNA genes, a feature which might be associated with its oncogenic specificity. PMID- 811366 TI - [Improvement of memory by post-experiment BALB/c mouse lateral hypothalamus stimulation]. AB - In order to test the influence of a post-trial low level rewarding stimulation on learning, BALB/c mice were bilaterally implanted in the lateral hypothalamus. First, all the animals were submitted to a 15 mn appetitive learning session in a Skinner Box (CRF). 30 s later, animals of the experimental group were stimulated for 80 s (100 Hz sinusoidal current; 200 ms ON/200 ms OFF; 10 muA/electrode). 24 h later the performances of the stimulated animals were compared to those of non stimulated or not implanted animals. An improvement of reminiscence effect was observed in stimulated animals. Second, the self-stimulation behavior was studied in stimulated subjects; at 10 muA, this behavior was effective in all animals. The results are interpreted as revealing the involvement of the rewarding system in memory processes. PMID- 811365 TI - [Cytotoxicity of aurintricarboxylic acid: inhibition of cell proliferation and of protein synthesis in Allium sativum L. root meristems]. AB - The inhibitory action of aurine-tricarboxylic acid (ATA) on protein synthesis, known in vitro, has been checked in vivo in Allium sativum L. root meristems. Parallel to this inhibition, ATA acts on cell proliferation, on the one hand by preventing the entering of cells into prophase and, on the other hand, by disturbing the process of mitosis. PMID- 811367 TI - [Human Scarpa ganglion cell sheath]. AB - The ganglion vestibulare (Scarpa) has been studied with the electron microscope on thirteen operative specimens (neurectomy for Meniere's vertigo) and two random autopsy specimens. Neuroganglionar cell bodies are enclosed in a Schwann sheath, without any myelin. This observation is at variance with previous descriptions in various vertebrate forms. PMID- 811368 TI - [Ectopic homo-implantation of rabbit blastocysts]. AB - Peri-uterine homo-implantation of blastocysts from the fifth day into the pseudopregnant rabbits extends the span of the life of the pseudopregnant corpora lutea. The trophoblast, remaining as giant cells in the territories of implantation, probably exerts a luteotrophic activity. PMID- 811369 TI - [Autoradiography of deltaaminolevulinic acid 3H and 55 Fe incorporation in Lineus lacteus Montagu (Heteronemertes) blood cells]. AB - In our experimental conditions, the autoradiographic study of the 3H deltaaminolevulinic and 55Fe incorporation allows us to show selectively the red blood cells of Lineus lacteus actively synthetizing haemoglobin. PMID- 811370 TI - [Effect of ethylene diamine on cell wall of three yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula]. AB - The treatment of ethylene diamine of Rhodotorula yeast cells does not alter the fibrillar structure of their wall basic frame. Dissolved substances constitute the external mucilaginous layer and elements intimately incrusted in the wall. PMID- 811371 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in cultured fibroblasts]. AB - The carbohydrate metabolism of 9-11 days chicken embryo fibroblast is described for mololayered-cultures. Glucose metabolism proceeds by way of glycolytic pathway with lactic acid accumulation. Incorporation of 14C-1 glucosamine in glycoproteids is studied. Excreted macromolecules in the medium are fractionated. The relative amount of some proteoglycans is measured. The role of factors in the regeneration of aging process may be investigated by these technical methods. PMID- 811372 TI - [Role of 02- ions in formation of N'-formylkynurenine from tryptophan]. AB - Evidence for the involvement of O-2 ions in the formation of N'-Formylkynurenine, a major tryptophan oxidation product is presented on the basis of radiolysis and electrochemistry data. The biological importance of such a reaction is discussed. PMID- 811373 TI - [Evolution of cytoplasmic tRNAphe in a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - The fluorescent modified Y nucleoside of phe-t-RNA has been evaluated during the development of a haploid of yeast. Free Y nucleoside has been found in the cells during the growing logarithmic phase. It seems that the evolution of this compound is probably concerned with cellular division processes. PMID- 811374 TI - [Study of cell coat of monolayer hepatocytes in culture by means of a phytohemagglutinin (concanavalin A)]. PMID- 811375 TI - [Castration of the snail Biomphilaria glabrata by the larvae of various Guadeloupean trematoda]. AB - Four species of Trematoda accomplish their larval development in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. They determine the sterility of the Mollusc in different ways and could be used in the biological control of schistosomiasis resulting from Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 811377 TI - [Immune manipulation of BCG administered before or after cyclophosphamide for chemo-immunotherapy of L1210 leukemia]. AB - 1. BCG (1 mg/mouse) administered i.v. on day 5 after chemotherapy by cyclophosphamide (CPM), given itself at the dose of 80 or 134 or 403 mg/kg one day after the inoculation of L 1210 leukaemia 10(3) cells, increases the effect of the non-optimal doses: i.e. 80 mg/kg, which is insufficient to cure mice, and 403 mg/kg, which is toxic. It does not change the effect of the optimal dose of CPM (134 mg/kg) which cures most of the mice. 2. BCG (1 mg/mouse i.v.) given on day 15 before CPM decreases the effect of the latter at the dose of 134 mg/kg. These results suggest that: a. BCG given after chemotherapy is not only able to eradicate the residual disease, but can decrease chemotherapy toxicity; b BCG given before an optimal dose of chemotherapy may decrease its antileukaemic effect, via the enhancement of the chemotherapy immunodepressive action, as demonstrated by skin graft experiments; this deterioration of the effect of chemotherapy by immunodepression was also suggested when the combination of CPM and antithymocyte serum was used. PMID- 811378 TI - [Increase of immune response by administration of metabolizable vegetable oil emulsions]. AB - Though highly efficient, Freund's adjuvant has serious limitations because it contains mineral oil and isomannide monooleate emulsifier (arlacel A). The present study describes the conditions under which a stable water in oil emulsion can be produced by using metabolizable peanut oil with arlacel. When mycobacteria are added, a potent emulsified oil adjuvant is obtained which increases the immune response to BSA and to influenza vaccine. PMID- 811379 TI - [Cultures of human malignant primary melanoma. Control of cell differentiation in vitro]. AB - The culture medium of human pigmented melanocytes induced cellular differentiation in undifferentiated fibroblast-like cells conjointly with re expression of their malignancy. PMID- 811376 TI - [N-terminal sequence of a parvalbumin of rabbit muscle]. AB - The amino acid sequence of the 76 first residues of the 5.5 rabbit parvalbumin has been determined. Using the data of the sequence for the 35 last residues obtained previously (1), a complete primary structure can be proposed for this protein. PMID- 811381 TI - [Structural changes in motor endplates in frog muscle treated with vinblastine]. AB - Two kinds of abnormalities have been observed in motor nerve endings of muscles soaked in vinblastine: the occurrence of paracrystalline structures, which could derive from the precipitation of one or several proteins in the axon terminal, and the presence of large vesicles, often of festooned shape. These abnormal vesicles seem to result from the fusion of synaptic vesicles and could explain the appearence of spontaneous giant potentials which are most probably produced by the release of big packets of ACh. PMID- 811380 TI - [Location of nucleolar organizers in somatic nuclei of newly-formed ovary of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)]. AB - The localization of nucleolar organizers has been studied in the nuclei of the somatic cells of one-day-old quail ovaries with in situ hybridization techniques. In these cells the nucleolus apparatus has a chromocentre formed by heterochromatin and small nucleoli typified by cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics, associated at the periphery of the chromocentre. After hybridization wtih [3H] rRNA (28 S-18 S) and histoautoradiography, levels of radioactivity are detected only on the nucleoli, and not located on the chromocentre. In the interphasic nuclei of these cells, the ribosomal cistrons are intricated with nucleolus ribonucleoproteins. PMID- 811382 TI - [Degradation of thyroxine-125I in normal Wistar AG rats, nude mutants and haired hybrids]. AB - Several experiments conducted in male as well as castrated females rats have shown that the degradation of Thyroxine 125I is much faster in "Atrichis" as compared to haired normal and hybrid. The present study confirms our earlier data on the reduced biological half-life of labeled thyroid hormone. PMID- 811383 TI - [Transmembrane exchange of C1- and HCO3- in erythrocytes: direct action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on the transport mechanism]. AB - The only currently recognised role of unsubstituted sulphonamides is their specific inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. The results presented here show that they inhibit the HCO3/Cl- and Cl-/Cl- exchanges across the membrane of the ox erythrocyte. Carbonic anhydrase is not involved in this inhibition which is the result of a direct and specific action on the anion transfer mechanism at membrane level. This newly-recognised role of sulphonamides satisfactorily explains and integrates many experimental results concerning secretory tissues and the interpretation of the action of diuretics. PMID- 811384 TI - [Changes in cellular activity in corpus Luysi after stimulation of monkey corpus striatum]. AB - In a chronic experiment on three awake Macaca Cynomolgus, the activity of 27 neurons localized in the Corpus Luysi was recorded. Their spontaneous activity is continuous without rhythmicity or bursts. All neurons responded to a stimulation of the Striatum by an initial activation followed by an inhibition. These facts reveal the occurrence of a double projection from the Putamen and also from the head of the Caudate Nucleus to the Corpus Luysi. PMID- 811385 TI - [Heterogeneity of human calcitonin]. AB - Chromatographic analysis of plasma, urine and tumour tissues extracted from medullary cancer patients demonstrates the existence of immunoreactive calcitonins with higher molecular weight than that of the monomer hormone. PMID- 811386 TI - [Tissue specificity of effects of non histone chromosomal proteins on differentiation of embryonic organs in culture]. AB - A solution of non-hostone chromatin proteins, extracted from chicken livers, stimulates hepatic tissue differentiation in vitro, but is toxic or without effect (depending on the stage at which the explants are removed) on cardiac tube development. These results provide evidence for tissue-specific effects of these proteins. PMID- 811387 TI - [Human chromosomes after incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine: electron microscopic observation]. PMID- 811388 TI - [Increase in birefringence and hypoexcitability of unmyelinated nerve by volatile anesthetics]. AB - Increase in total positive birefringence, or decrease in negative birefringence of an unmyelinated nerve by volatile anesthetics occur simultaneously during the decrease of the action potential, and suggest axomembrane molecular reorganization possibly concerning the phospholipid layer. PMID- 811389 TI - [Aging of rat liver lactate dehydrogenase and cell renewal]. AB - We have shown the presence of a "Cross Reacting Material" for Lactate Dehydrogenase in liver of very old rats. Partial hepatectomy, followed by hepatic regeneration increases the specific activity of the enzyme, which becomes equal to that of Lactate Dehydrogenase of rat liver. Consequently, aging seems to be a cellular phenomenon and not a consequence of the accumulation of errors in transcription or translation. PMID- 811390 TI - [Role of phosphorylcholine group on inhibiting capacity of lecithin-cholesterol liposomes on streptolysin O]. AB - Cholesterol inhibition of the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O was used for testing the presence of cholesterol on the surface of lecithin-cholesterol liposomes. Cholesterol as a liposome component is not available for streptolysin inhibition when the molar ratio lecithin-cholesterol greater than 1,25. Incubation of such liposomes with phospholipase C, which converts the phosphadylcholine group into neutral diglycerides, restores an inhibiting activity of cholesterol parallel to the phosphatid degradation. Incubation of the liposomes with phospholipase D, which converts the phosphatidylcholine group into phosphatidic acid, also restores the inhibiting capacity of cholesterol on the hemolysin. The accessibility of liposome cholesterol to streptolysin O appears to mainly depend upon the cholin group of lecithin. PMID- 811391 TI - [Trypanocidal activity of some ellipticine derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi cultured in vitro]. AB - Some ellipticine derivatives showing antitumoral behaviour exhibit a trypanocide activity against in vitro cultures of T. cruzi. 9-Methoxy-6-methyl-ellipticine is the most active compound of this series: its lethal effect is comparable with that of ethidium bromide. PMID- 811392 TI - [Cardiotoxicity in rats of purified gamma toxin isolated from venom of Naja nigricollis and of toxins extracted from scorpion venom]. AB - In vivo, atropine or tetrodotoxin prevent arrhytmias which are due to acetylcholine released by the scorpion's venom. On the contrary, atropine is ineffective against cardiotoxicity of the purified gamma toxin and tetrodotoxin aggravates its effects. These findings allow us to postulate the mechanism of action which differs in these two toxin groups. PMID- 811393 TI - [Modulation of delayed hypersensitivity by antibodies]. AB - Immunsera against methylated bovine serum albumin (M-BSA) inoculated into mice before sensitization to M-BSA produced a diminution of the delayed hypersensitivity to M-BSA. Immunsera to some modified or native BSA did not produce the same effect which appears to be highly specific. PMID- 811394 TI - [Adjuvant and mitogenic effects of detoxified lipopolysaccharides]. AB - McIntire and al. have observed that a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from E. coli could be detoxified by succinylation or phtalylation and remained capable of enhancing the immune respose to serum albumins. The data reported here confirm that several LPS preparations after treatment by phtalylation retained their adjuvant activity when injected with bovine serum albumin or influenza vaccine. Yet their toxicity (as measured in adrenalectomized mice) was at least 10 000 fold smaller. Furthermore it was observed that after phtalylation LPS could still induce blastic transformation of murine B-derived lymphocytes. Thus it was possible to dissociate the toxicity of LPS from both its adjuvant and mitogentic activities. PMID- 811395 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in man; precipitation of immune complexes with polyethylene glycol and their characterization by Clq bound to immunoglobulins]. AB - Use of an experimental model consisting of purified tetanal toxoid and sera of patients vaccinated with this antigen reveals that immunodiffusion characterisation of C1q bound to immune complexes (IC) precipitating with 2,5% PEG (6000) represents a very sensitive means of detection of such IC. The majority of sera of patients with disorders in which IC can be suspected gives positive reactions. Precipitates contain IgG and IgM bound to C1q and rheumatoid factor is constantly detected. The reaction is positive among 10% of healthy patients: the possibility of circulating IC free from any pathological cases is under study. PMID- 811396 TI - [Effect of sulpiride on spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis in mice]. AB - Administration of sulpiride mixed with the food during the whole life, did not modify spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis of intact, castrated or adrenalectomized and castrated (C3H X R III) F1 male and female mice. PMID- 811398 TI - [Demonstration of temporary multi-innervation of the cerebellar Purkinje cells by the ascending fibers during development in the rat]. AB - The one-to-one relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cells and climbing fibres in the adult rats is the result of a regressive process affecting a multi afferent pathway during the early post-natal period, as shown from the innervation by several independent climbing fibres of more than 50% of the Purkinje cells tested electrophysiologically on days 8 and 9. PMID- 811397 TI - [Ultrastructural demonstration of deoxyribonuclease-sensitive elements in fibrillar zones of the nucleoli of L 929 cell interphasic nuclei]. AB - We have shown in our earlier paper (4) that a ribonuclease resistant filamentous network was associated with the fibrillar structures of the nucleolus of L 929 interphase nucleus. After desoxyribonuclease digestion and oxydised DAB opacification, the nucleolar fibrillar areas became heterogenous from an electron microscopical point of view. We have concluded that an important part of these fibrillar areas are composed of DNA and that the high electron dense fibrillar structures seen after desoxyribonuclease digestion, are the primary ribosomal gene product, just transcribed on the DNA matrix. PMID- 811399 TI - [Circadian variations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and of tetrahydro-11 deoxycortisol in the healthy man: effect of the continuous administration of metyrapone (SU 4885)]. AB - In eight apparently healthy young men a circadian rhythm (P less than 0,05) in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17 OHCS) and tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS) has been demonstrated before (A), during (B) and after (C) a 36 h sustained oral administration of metyrapone (7.50 g in ten doses of 0.75 g every 4 h). Subjects synchronization: light-on 0715; light-off 2300. 17 OHCS have the acrophase phi located at 1430 (2:30 p.m.) in the three circumstances. Only traces of THS are excreted during A. During B and C when THS is excreted, a circadian rhythm is validated (p less than 0.05) with a phi at 1430. PMID- 811400 TI - [Neuron projection from the preoptic region and the anterior hypothalamic area towards the mediobasal hypothalamus in the male guinea pig]. AB - In the male guinea-pig, preoptic and anterior hypothalamic neurons, located in dorsal or ventral position, enter ventrally into the medial basal hypothalamus. PMID- 811401 TI - [Double-stranded sequences in RNA transcribed in vitro by E. coli RNA polymerase on wheat nuclear DNA]. AB - RNA obtained through the transcription of wheat DNA by E. coli RNA polymerase was examined. This RNA contains double chain sequences which, after thermal denaturation, show instantaneous reassociation. A "hair-pin" like structure is proposed for this type of sequence. PMID- 811402 TI - [A possible essential metabolite of linoleic acid: lipoic acid, the universal coenzyme of alpha-keto acid oxidation]. AB - The metabolism of [14C-U] linoleci acid (LI) and [14C-U] oleic acid were compared by injecting these fatty acids into growing rats and then homogenizing livers into a three phase system (chloroform/methanol/water). The radioactivities of these phases were equilibrated by extracting them X times with the same solvents. The lipid lower phase was discarded and the analysis was carried out on the evaporated hydroalcoholic upper phase. The residue was extracted again with methanol and hydrolyzed (HCl 6N). The acidic solution was evaporated, treated with HCl/methanol, extracted with chloroform and analysed by thin layer chromatography. One of the most radioactive intermediates detected after injecting LI was purified again and identified as lipoic acid, on the basis of: a. retention time in gas-liquid chromatography; b. Rf in thin layer chromatography; c. molecular weight as determined by mass spectrometry. Thus, the most important fate of essential fatty acids (except for their part in the prostaglandin synthesis and membrane formation) seems to be that of a precursor for this covalently bound alpha keto-acid dehydrogenation coenzyme--the link between lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms. PMID- 811403 TI - [Effects of cocaine on calcium exchange studied in rat duodenum]. AB - On rat duodenum, previously decalcified, cocaine enhances notably the increase of the tonus brought about by an addition of Ca ions. Similarly, cocaine enhances the fall of tonus which follows the decalcification of an organ immersed initially in normal Tyrode. This effect of cocaine on Ca2+ exchanges may be put forward as an explanation of the well known sensitizing effect of this alcaloid towards several agonists especially noradrenaline and other sympathomimetic amines. PMID- 811404 TI - [Demonstration of a single form of alpha-acetohydroxy acid synthetase in Bacillus cereus T]. AB - Existence of one form of alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthetase shown by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis, and inhibition in vitro by valine studies on the enzyme of Bacillus cereus T. PMID- 811405 TI - [Effects of cyclophosphamide on rabies infection in the mouse. Protection confered by serotherapy]. AB - A very low pathogenic strain of "fixe" rabies (HEP-Flury) gives a rise in mortality in mice immunodepressed with cyclophosphamide. In this experiment model, the rabies antiserum gives efficient protection against the virus. PMID- 811406 TI - [Preliminary data on "fibrillary centers" of the nucleolus of various cells of the ovarian follicle of a lizard Lacerta muralis Laur]. AB - The nucleolus of the thecal cells and little cells of the granulosa contains generally a single "fibrillar center" surrounded by the dense fibrous material of the nucleolus. The "fibrillar centers" are in contact with nucleolar associated heterochromatin. Cytochemical results show that "fibrillar centers" are chiefly composed of proteins which are revealed as ribonucleoproteins with the EDTA method, but the amount of RNA associated with these proteins seems to be small. It is possible that the fibrillar center also contains a little DNA. PMID- 811407 TI - [Ventricular electrogram of the snail (Helix pomatia) during vagal inhibition]. AB - During vagal inhibition in the snail, the standstill of the ventricle does not proceed from direct action of the visceral nerve on the pace maker (distal extremity of the ventricle) but from the bringing into play of a centre located near the base, which induces myocardial depression. PMID- 811408 TI - [Somatic segregation and Fanconi's anemia]. AB - The chromosome marrow cells of two patients suffering from Fanconi's anemia were studied. Abnormal clones were found, pseudodiploid in one case, aneuploid in another. The analysis of these clones showed that somatic segregation occurred, resulting in partial homozygosity. PMID- 811409 TI - [Demonstration of RNA synthesis during segmentation in the Axolotl embryo]. AB - Study of the incorporation of 3H-uridine in cleaving embryo of Axolotl has shown a nuclear RNA synthesis during the period of synchronous cleavage (6th cycle) as well as after the onset of asynchronous divisions (9th or 10th cycle). In the early development of the Axolotl, the extent of the transcription phase looks to be an essential element of the quantitative control of gene activity. PMID- 811410 TI - [Inhibition of cytotoxic effects of B1 aflatoxin towards the bacterial cell by coumarin. Role of other interfering factors]. AB - The coumarin has with some limits a repressive effect on the antibacterial power of Aflatowin B1. It behaves towards cells of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) treated by the myocotoxic, like a curative agent. Therefore, the reaction of microbial cells on the cytotoxic effect of Aflatoxin B1 depends on the aeration of the culture and chiefly on the "inoculum effect". PMID- 811411 TI - [Distinct esterase profiles of Levinea maloatica and of Levinea amalonatica]. PMID- 811412 TI - [Differential effect of azathioprine on the activation of B cells]. AB - The in vitro antibody response to most T-independent antigens is inhibited by Azathioprine (Az) only at concentrations of 1-10 mug/ml. In contrast, B cell response to T-dependent antigens and to the T-independent antigen TNP Polyacrylamide is sensitive to low Az concentrations (10(-2) mug/ml). These data suggest the existence of two different B cell activation processes : a. The activation by B cell mitogens or T-independent antigens with a mitogenic moiety which are Az-resistant; b. The activation by T-dependent antigens or T independent antigens without a mitogenic moiety which are Az-sensitive. PMID- 811413 TI - In vivo determination of cerebral blood volume with radioactive oxygen-15 in the monkey. AB - A method for the in vivo determination of cerebral blood volume was tested in 15 adult rhesus monkeys. The technique utilized external residue detection and required the serial measurement of two mean transit times, namely, that of an intravascular tracer, C15O-hemoglobin, and that of a diffusible tracer, H215O. In computing the mean transit time for the intravascular tracer, the conventional Hamilton extrapolation of the downslope of the recording obtained for the washout of the tracer from the brain subsequent to an intracarotid bolus injection was found to be inadequate, yielding a mean transit time that systematically underestimated that parameter. Alternatively, the use of a power law extrapolation, as proposed by Huang, allowed a more accurate prediction of the vascular mean transit time. The preliminary studies testing the method predicted that the relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was adequately represented by the equation CBV = 0.80CBF0.38, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.90 for the cerebral blood flow range of 16 to 134 ml/100 g min-1 with a normocapnic cerebral blood volume of 3.5 ml/100 g perfused brain tissue (arterial Pco2 = 37 torr, CBF = 50 ml/100 g min-1). PMID- 811414 TI - Triiodothyronine response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. AB - The serum triiodothyronine concentration was evaluated before and after thyrotrophin releasing hormone in fifty-six patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders (thirty-four had secondary hypothyroidism, twenty-two were euthyroid) and in twenty-four normal controls. Basal serum T3 was low in fifteen hypothyroid subjects and normal in the remainders. After TRH, serum T3 did not increase normally in twenty-five hypothyroid and in ten euthyroid patients; even the patients with normal or supranormal plasma TSH increase had significantly lower T3 responses than normal controls (P less than 0-0001 for hypothyroid, P less than 0-01 for euthyroid subjects). The finding of low T3 response to TRH in some euthyroid patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders can perhaps identify cases of preclinical secondary hypothyroidism, probably due to low biological activity of released TSH. PMID- 811416 TI - Heterotopic ossification. AB - Heterotopic ossification occurs in 20 to 25 per cent of all traumatic spinal cord injured patients; it is sufficiently extensive in about 1/3 of the affected group to limit the range of motion of paralyzed joints. When necessary, resection of heterotopic deposits may be successfully accomplished in those patients in which the deposits consist of mature bone. A minimum of 14 months is required for maturity. The surgical procedure depends upon the anatomical location of the heterotopic bone. PMID- 811415 TI - The interaction of morphine with sera from monkeys physically dependent on morphine. PMID- 811417 TI - Pathology of spinal cord injury in experimental lesions. AB - The marked resurgence of interest and activity which has occurred in recent years in experimental spinal cord injuries is attributable to demonstrations of significant functional recovery in animal models. The recovery was possible after controlled cord trauma. The pathological characteristics of the experimentally produced spinal cord lesion, documented by recent light and electron microscopy studies, demonstrate: (1) the apparent early vulnerability of the central gray matter as opposed to the delay response of the surrounding white matter; (2) the important participation of the microvasculature in developing cord tissue lesion; (3) the important contribution that catacholamine release and substrate deprivation may have in the changes seen in the evolving tissue damage; and (4) the time dichotomy that exists between the immediate degree of functional disability and the period of time required for the tissue lesion to reach histological irreversibility. PMID- 811418 TI - Heterotopic ossification around the hip joint in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Thirty patients with heterotopic ossification following spinal injuries were divided into acutely-injured and post-surgical groups. Patients in the acutely injured group had symptoms of heterotopic ossification within 6 months of injury. The formation and maturation of the heterotopic bone around the affected hip(s) were studied by serial alkaline phosphatase determinations and radiographic examinations. Radionuclide bone scans using 99m Technetium diphosphonate were made in all patients. Treatment consisted of maintaining range of motion. This appears to be a self-limiting process as maturation occurs. Surgery was not necessary in this group. In patients with mature deposits, wedge and segmental resection of the extraosseous bone was necessary to regain enough hip flexion for the patinets to sit. This was followed by vigorous joint ranging. After one year, average range of recovered flexion was 60 degrees. PMID- 811419 TI - Histological response on skeletal muscle to ischemia. AB - The response of skeletal muscle to ischemia or trauma is similar whatever the mechanism of injury. Muscle has much more inherent ability to regenerate than has been recognized in the past. The extent of muscle damage is proportional to the duration and severity of the ischemic process. Circulation to ischemis muscle must be re-established as soon as possible. Early decompression of the appropriate compartemnts is an essential part of this procedure. No attempt should be made to excise muscle of doubtful or unknown viability during the initial decompression operation. PMID- 811420 TI - Recurrent pneumoperitoneum due to jejunal diverticulosis. With a review of the causes of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. AB - In the absence of abdominal operative procedures, symptomless spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is uncommon. The case is described of a patient with jejunal diverticulosis who developed spontaneous pneumoperitoneum on three occasions and brief details are given of six other cases of jejunal diverticulosis with pneumoperitoneum from the literature. Other causes of symptomless pneumoperitoneum include pneumatosis intestinalis, perforation in tabes dorsalis or coma, stercoral ulceration, physiological pneumoperitoneum in women due to exercise in the knee-elbow position, and vaginal douches with a bulb syringe or effervescent fluid. PMID- 811421 TI - Radiological changes in inhalation anthrax. A report of radiological and pathological correlation in two cases. AB - The radiological changes in two cases of inhalation anthrax are correlated with pathological findings. The earliest radiological sign was widening of the mediastinum, followed by prominent lung markings with peribronchial infiltration due to pulmonary oedema and haemorrhage. Associated pleural effusions are common, and non-specific super-imposed pulmonary infiltration may also be present. Inhalation anthrax must be considered in any case of mediastinal widening in a patient coming in contact with imported animal products or with livestock in endemic areas. PMID- 811422 TI - Visualisation of the small intestine by double contrast. AB - The visualisation of the small bowel by double contrast can be easily obtained by introduction of a suspension of barium sulphate, air insufflation, and parenteral administration of metoclopramide. Satisfactory demonstration of the entire small bowel by air and barium was obtained in 38 out of 40 unselected adult patients. There were no complications and no significant adverse reactions. PMID- 811423 TI - Structural variants of human and murine immunoglobulins. PMID- 811424 TI - Bacteriophage typing of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. PMID- 811426 TI - Tests of exocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 811425 TI - Biliary excretion of xenobiotics. AB - The biliary route is very important for the elimination of some foreign compounds from the body. For many of these compounds, an increase in the rate at which they are excreted into the bile will decrease their toxicity and vice versa. A number of factors which are known to alter the biliary excretion of xenobiotics, as well as the current concepts of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the excretion of foreign compounds, have been enumerated. However, much remains still to be understood; essentially nothing is known at the subcellular level about the biliary excretion of foreign compounds. It has recently been concluded that our knowledge of the biliary excretion of compounds is about 40 years behind that of the renal excretion mechanism. PMID- 811427 TI - Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate vs nitroglycerin in patients with unstable angina. AB - The hemodynamic response to nitroglycerin administration, to sublingual or oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate, or to a placebo was evaluated and compared in 37 patients with unstable angina pectoris under resting, pain-free conditions. Patients with congestive heart failure were not included in this study. Serial measurements of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP), cardiac index (CI), and heart rate (HR) were obtained for one hour following nitroglycerin administration and for four hours following sublingual or oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate. Echocardiographic end-diastolic volume (EDV) measurements were obtained for the groups receiving isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. There was a significant (P less than 0.05 or less than 0.1) reduction of the MAP (5 to 10 mm Hg) that persisted for more than four hours following both sublingual and oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate. The changes in the PAEDP, HR, and CI following sublingual or oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate were small and not significant. In the group receiving isosorbide dinitrate sublingually, the EDV was reduced by more than 30 ml below the placebo group (P less than 0.1) for up to four hours. The effects of nitroglycerin administration were similar in magnitude but of much shorter duration (three to four hours for sublingual and oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate vs 15 to 30 minutes for nitroglycerin). These data demonstrate that the duration of the hemodynamic effects of sublingually and orally administered isosorbide dinitrate in patients with unstable angina pectoris and normal resting hemodynamics is 8 to 12 times longer than that of nitroglycerin. PMID- 811429 TI - Reversible asynergy and its determinants. PMID- 811430 TI - Studies on relationship between epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 811428 TI - Liquid ventilation of primates. AB - Three adult monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine and ventilated with fluorocarbon liquid [perfluoro bis (1, 4-isopropoxy) butane (Caroxin-D)] at 1 atmosphere on two separate occasions. During five runs, liquid ventilation was continued for 60 minutes. The sixth run was continued for ten minutes. Arterial blood gas levels during and after liquid ventilation were adequate for survival. Three years after the first period of liquid ventilation, the animals were killed. Approximately 0.001 mg of fluorocarbon per gram of tissue was present in the kidney, liver, brain, spleen, muscle, and heart. Fat contained approximately seven to nine times this amount, and the lung and pulmonary lymph nodes contained approximately 1,000 times this amount. In no case was it clinically evident that the monkeys had undergone periods of liquid ventilation. We conclude that primates can be ventilated successfully with liquid fluorocarbon on at least two separate occasions and can return to breathing air without obvious deleterious effects, but fluorocarbon is retained in small amounts for at least three years. PMID- 811431 TI - Fetal sex pridiction by sex chromatin of chorionic villi cells during early pregnancy. PMID- 811432 TI - Anisodamine in treatment of some diseases with manifestations of acute microcirculatory insufficiency. PMID- 811433 TI - Pharmacologie effects of anisodamine. PMID- 811434 TI - Tympanoplasty type III--cavum major technique. Department of Otolaryngology, Third People's Hospital of Shanghai, Second Medical College, Shanghai. PMID- 811435 TI - Child health care in new China. PMID- 811436 TI - Barefoot doctors active in rural child health care. PMID- 811437 TI - Experience in treatment of extensive full-thickness burns. PMID- 811438 TI - Advance along the widening road pointed out by Chairman Mao. A report on the barefoot doctors of Chiangchen commune, Ch'uansha County, Shanghai. PMID- 811439 TI - The epidemiology and etiology of esophageal cancer in north China. A preliminary report. PMID- 811440 TI - Replantation of severed fingers. Clinical experiences in 217 cases involving 373 severed fingers. PMID- 811441 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in replantation of severed limbs. A report of 21 cases. PMID- 811442 TI - Changes in nail-fold microcirculation and amines in diseases manifesting acute microcirculatory disturbances. PMID- 811443 TI - Hospital-run medical colleges are fine. PMID- 811444 TI - Xeromammaography. Analysis of results in 350 cases. PMID- 811445 TI - Pharmacologic studies on Radix puerariae. I. Effects of puerariae on blood pressure, vascular reactivity, cerebral and peripheral circulation in dogs. PMID- 811446 TI - Treatment of sudden deafness with Radix puerariae. A comparative analysis of therapeutic results in 294 cases. PMID- 811447 TI - Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation. Report of a case of giant hemangioma of the spleen. PMID- 811448 TI - Effect of topical use of camptothecine-dimethyl sulfoxide solution in psoriasis. PMID- 811450 TI - A clinical analysis of 1,474 operations under acupuncture anesthesia among children. PMID- 811449 TI - Factors influencing survival after resection for bronchogenic carcinoma. Analysis of 1,118 cases. PMID- 811451 TI - Certain clinical and electrocardiographic features of angina decubitus. PMID- 811452 TI - Cytological observations on the interaction between two inversions responsible for position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The strain of Drosophila melanogaster In (1)mK; In (2LR) RevB shows more miniature variegation than the strain In(1)mK and less Revolute variegation than the strain In(2LR) RevB. Observations on heterochromatisation in the larval salivary gland chromosomes of the three strains revealed that the mK chromosome is heterochromatised in a higher proportion of nuclei and the RevB chromosome is heterochromatised in a lower proportion of nuclei in the double-inversion strain than in the corresponding single-inversion strain. Single- and double-inversion strains did not however differ in the mean number of bands heterochromatised per affected chromosome. The difference between incidence and extent of heterochromatisation was further exposed by comparisons between and within strains: the incidence of heterochromatisation in different chromosome regions within a nucleus was positively correlated, but a significant positive correlation was found in only one of the eight possible comparisons between extents of heterochromatisation in different chromosome regions in a given nucleus, two of the comparisons showing significantly negative correlations. The results in general are compatible with the view that the initiation and progression of heterochromatisation are distinct phenomena, under separate control. PMID- 811453 TI - [Role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis]. PMID- 811454 TI - [Dosage of long-term streptokinase fibrinolytic administration (author's transl)]. AB - Using generalyy accepted dosage schedules during long-term fibrinolytic treatment with streptokinase, anticoagulatory protection against recurrent thromboses can no longer be guaranteed after two to three days, unless heparin is also administered. In contrast, no heparin was needed in 11 out of 13 patients on fibrinolytic treatment of at least five days when maintenance dose was adjusted in accordance with results of coagulation tests. In this way prolonged fibrinolysis was maintained together with adequate anticoagulation by circulating fibrin(ogen) breakdown products for the entire duration of streptokinase treatment. This required the gradual reduction of maintenance dose to between 40 000 U/h and 80 000 U/h in the majority of patients. This form of fibrinolytic treatment with individually adjusted dosages can be undertaken without undue strain on laboratory resources; the risk of haemorrhage is no higher than with the customary form using higher and constant maintenance doses. PMID- 811455 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate: II: Allergic rhinitis and other conditions. AB - At doses similar to those used in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma, intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate is effective in alleviating nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic and perennial rhinitis in about three-quarters of patients. Eye symptoms are not relieved. The carry-over effect of the evening dose is useful in preventing early morning attacks of sneezing. Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate is useful in controlling symptoms persisting after polypectomy and may possibly delay or eliminate the need for the surgical removal of nasal polyps, which may shrink after several weeks or months of treatment. PMID- 811456 TI - Biosynthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in organ cultures of the guinea pig median eminence. AB - Guinea pig median eminence tissue was put into organ culture for periods up to 13 days. The cultured tissue was examined in 3 ways at various ages: a) morphologically, by transmission electron microscopy and light microscopic autoradiography; b) biochemically, by determination of the ability of the cultures to accumulate [3H]L-proline and to incorporate this isotope into [3H]TRH; and c) by bioassay, in which the content of TRH in tissue and culture medium was determined by the ability of extracts of both to release radioimmunoassayable TSH from rat hemi-pituitaries incubated in vitro. It was found that the cultures exhibited a high degree of preservation of ependymal cell morphology and a sustained ability to accumulate [3H]L-proline over the entire 13-day time course. Neuronal elements showed a progressive degeneration with time in culture, and the ability of the culture to produce [3H]TRH was lost concomitantly with the loss in neuronal integrity. PMID- 811457 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin releasing hormone in plasma and urine. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed capable of measuring thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in extracted human plasma and urine. All of three TRH analogues tested had little cross-reactivity to antibody. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, lysine vasopressin, rat growth hormone and bovine albumin were without effect, but rat hypothalamic extract produced a displacement curve which was parallel to that obtained with the synthetic TRH. Sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay was 4 pg per tube with intraassay coefficient of variation of 6.2-9.7%. Synthetic TRH could be quantitatively extracted by methanol when added to human plasma in concentration of 25, 50 and 100 pg/ml. TRH immunoreactivity was rapidly reduced in plasma at 20 degrees C than at 0 degrees C, but addition of peptidase inhibitors, FOY-007 and BAL, prevented the inactivation of TRH for 3 hr at 0 degrees C. The TRH in urine was more stable at 0 degrees C than 20 degrees C, and recovered 75 +/- 4.6% hr after being added. The plasma levels of TRH were 19 pg/ml or less in normal adults and no sex difference was observed. The rate of disappearance of TRH administered i.v. from the blood could be represented as half-times of 4-12 min. Between 5.3-12.3% of the injected dose was excreted into urine within 1 hr as an immunoreactive TRH. These results indicate the usefulness of TRH radioimmunoassay for clinical investigation. PMID- 811458 TI - Thyroid function and polyamines. II. Thyrotropin stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis in the rat thyroid. AB - Thyrotropin (TSH) injected intraperitoneally caused a significant rise in the activity of L-ornithine decarboxylase of rat thyroid within 4 hr. TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) also increased the activity of this enzyme in a dose-related manner and of putrescine-activated S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, probably through the increased secretion of TSH from the pituitary. Administration of methylthiouracil (MTU) in the drinking water to rats resulted in an increase of these two enzymes in the thyroid. Maximal activation was observed 4 days after the initiation of MTU treatment for both enzymes. The intracellular level of putrescine and spermidine increased during the rapid phase of thyroid enlargement caused by MTU treatment. The spermine concentration, however, was relatively constant during the treatment. The RNA/DNA ratio followed a pattern very similar to that exhibited by the spermidine/spermine ratio. These results indicate that TSH stimulates the biosynthesis of polyamines by increasing the activity of the decarboxylases in the thyroid. The findings further suggest that polyamines play a role in the regulation of thyroid growth and nucleic acid metabolism. PMID- 811459 TI - Cytogenetic studies on chrysotile asbestos. PMID- 811460 TI - Effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on sleeping times, plasma corticosteroids, and testicular activity of white-footed mice. AB - Forty adult male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were divided into four equal groups and fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 or 400 p.p.m. of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) for 2 weeks. PCB ingestion increased liver weights and reduced pentobarbital-induced sleeping times at all levels tested, indicating increased hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. Plasma corticoid levels, seminal vesicle weights and testicular spermatozoa numbers were reduced at the 400 p.p.m. level. PMID- 811462 TI - Degradation of carbamate insectides in soil. PMID- 811463 TI - Transformations of environmental contaminants by light. PMID- 811461 TI - Ultrastructure of beta-cells of the endocrine pancreas in rats receiving polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - A morphological study of the beta-cell of the pancreas in rats chronically exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is presented. In rats who received 200 p.p.m. PCBs in their drinking water for 13 months, marked dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), vesiculation of RER, hyperplastic Golgi complexes, a reduced number of secretory granules, an increased number of mitochondria and mitochondrial changes were observed. Numerous acinar-beta and beta-acinar cells were also present. These structural features suggested an increased activity of the beta-cells in these animals. Since in previous studies we found an increase in the activity of the adrenal zona fasciculata of rats exposed to PCBs, the present findings were considered a result of solicitation of beta-cells for carbohydrates' homeostasis. PMID- 811464 TI - The fate of PCB's in the environment. PMID- 811465 TI - Identification of carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic substances in the environment. PMID- 811466 TI - Significance of mutagenicity testing on pesticides. AB - Our mutagenicity screening studies on pesticides totalling 165 have newly revealed microbial mutagenic activity in the following four compounds: 2,4 dinitrophenyl thiocyanate (NBT), sodium p-dimethylamino-azobenzene diazosulfonate (DAPA), 5-nitro-1-napthonitrile (NNN) and N-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio)-4 cyclohexene-1, 2-dicarboximide (Captafol). Significance of mutagenicity testing on pesticides is discussed from the toxicological point of view. No definite relationship has been proven among mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of pesticides although there are some correlations in these activities of several pesticides. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of mutagenicity testing in toxicological areas. PMID- 811467 TI - Technology assessment for environmental contamination of pesticides. PMID- 811468 TI - Assessing toxicological properties of organotin Compounds. PMID- 811469 TI - Properties of leukocyte catalase in Swiss type acatalasemia: a comparative study of normals, heterozygotes and homozygotes. AB - Properties of leukocyte catalase from individuals heterozygous and homozygous for Swiss type acatalasemia were found to differ from those of the normal enzyme as well as interindividually in regard to heat stability and electrophoretic mobility. Molecular hybridization is discussed as a possible explanation for the presence of intermediate catalase species. Antigenic identity of catalase from all sources is confirmed. PMID- 811470 TI - Esterases in human saliva. AB - A sensitive method for quantitative determination of esterase activity has been applied to human saliva and used for substrate and inhibitor studies. By means of gel isoelectrofocusing the whole saliva esterases were divided into two main groups, each resolved into several bands. Comparison of isoelectrophoretic zymograms of whole, submandibular and parotid saliva indicates that one of the groups originates from the submandibular fluid. With the aid of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography the saliva esterases were partially separated and purified. The classification of the main saliva esterases as carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) is discussed in terms of their substrate and inhibitor properties. PMID- 811471 TI - The response of thyrotropin and triiodothyronine to various doses of thyrotropin releasing hormone in normal man. AB - The relationship between serum thyrotropin (TSH) and serum triiodothyronine (T3) before and after injection of different doses of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), given as single injections or as multiple injections with short intervals, was investigated in normal men. A positive correlation between prestimulated serum TSH and serum T3 levels and between the increase in the serum TSH and the serum T3 levels after TRH was found when repeated tests were performed in the same individual. There was a dose dependent TSH and T3 response to TRH. The smallest dose that produced a maximal response of both TSH and T3 was only 30 mug TRH. After six injections of 30 mug TRH with an interval of 30 minutes the increase in TSH was two times and the increase in T3 was three times as high as the maximal increase after single injections of TRH. This test with multiple injections of TRH may prove to be of clinical value in the measurement of both pituitary and thyroid function in selected patients. The close positive correlation between the serum TSH and serum T3 levels in basal conditions, demonstrated in four normal subjects in this study, probably reflects the steady state level determined by the hypothalamus from which the feedback control of TSH secretion operates. PMID- 811472 TI - (Pro-) insulin biosynthesis and release of newly synthesized (pro-) insulin from isolated islets of rat pancreas in the presence of amino acids and sulphonylureas. AB - The influence of arginine, lysine, tolbutamide and glibenclamide on (pro-) insulin biosynthesis and release of newly synthesized (pro-) insulin was studied in isolated islets of rat pancreas. Islets were incubated with 3H-leucine and glucose in the presence and absence of the test agents. Proinsulin and insulin of islets and incubation media were separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G 50. Estimations were carried out for radioactivity and immunoreactivity for insulin. All four substances were able to enhance insulin release whereas no stimulation of leucine incorporation into (pro-) insulin was found. Arginine and tolbutamide even markedly reduced (pro-) insulin aynthesis. Conversion of proinsulin to insulin was not affected by any of the test agents. For studying the influence of the 4 substances on secretion of newly synthesized (pro-) insulin two experimental models were used: 1) Labelling of the islets in the presence of the test agents, followed by uniform stimulation with glucose alone in the presence or absence of Ca++. 2) Addition of the 4 test substances after uniform prelabelling of the islets. 1) Presence of arginine and sulfonylureas during labelling resulted in a significantly enhanced relative fractional release of newly synthesized (pro-) insulin, although the bulk of secreted hormone appeared to stem from the storage pool also under these conditions. The enhanced fractional release was persistent also during the postlabelling period when the islets had been labelled in the presence of arginine or glibenclamide. On the other hand, a decreased release of newly synthesized (pro-) insulin was obsevered during the postlabelling period in islets labelled in the presence of tolbutamide. Lysine was without significant effects in both periods. Omission of calcium ions during the postlabelling period inhibited the release of both immunoreactive and radioactive hormone. 2) When amino acids or sulphonylureas were added after prelabelling no significant changes were found in the specific radioactivity of released (pro-) insulin or in the fractional release of newly synthesized hormone. Enhanced release of fresh granules from the beta cell might explain the increased fractional release of newly synthesized (pro-)insulin when lebelling is carried out in the presence of arginine and sulphonylureas, especially glibenclamide. PMID- 811474 TI - [Characterization of Mycoplasms isolated from imported nonhuman primates (author's transl)]. AB - Mycoplasms were isolated from 35 (16%) of 215 specimens collected from 20 crab eating monkeys (Macaca irus), 9 green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and from 9 common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciurea). All these animals had been imported from South-East Asia, Africa and South America being apparently healthy. A total of 38 large and 20 small colony-mycoplasma strains were isolated from the nasal and oral cavity, urethra, vagina and rectal feces. The large colony-mycoplasmas could be differentiated into 5 groups on the basis of their biological and serological characteristics. Six and 7 of them were identified as M. orale 2 and M. salivarium, respectively. Twenty strains were clearly distinguished not only from M. orale 2 and M. salivarium, but also from such arginase positive species as M. orale 1, M. fermentans, M. hominis, M. arthritidis, M. maculosum and M. gateae. These were divided into 2 groups, comprising 9 and 11 strains, respectively, by growth inhibition as well as various biological tests. The remaining 5 strains were not identified serologically. The small colony mycoplasmas were found to be urease-positive and appeared to be T-mycoplasmas, while not examined serologically. PMID- 811473 TI - [National plan of the U.S.A. coping with shortages of nonhuman primates for biomedical programs. A review of "Nonhuman Primates" published by NAS, Washington, D, C., 1975 (author's transl)]. PMID- 811475 TI - Studies of membrane formation in Tetrahymena pyriformis. IX. Variations in intracellular phospholipid and protein deployment during the cell division cycle. PMID- 811476 TI - Regulation of tubulin during ciliary regeneration in non-growing Tetrahymena. PMID- 811477 TI - Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of RNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis and its inhibition by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. PMID- 811478 TI - Mitochondrial proliferation in synchronized cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis. A morphometric study by electron microscopy on the biogenesis of mitochondria during the cell cycle. PMID- 811479 TI - Binding of 125I-concanavalin A and agglutination of embryonic neural retina cells. Age-dependent and experimental changes. PMID- 811480 TI - Action of insect hormones at the cellular level. II. Differing sensitivity to beta-ecdysone of several lines and clones of Drosophila melanogaster cells. PMID- 811481 TI - Correlation between species life span and capacity to activate 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to a form mutagenic to a mammalian cell. PMID- 811482 TI - The effects of the inhalational anaesthetic halothane on the contraction cycle of contractile ciliates. PMID- 811483 TI - Biochemical evidence for position-effect suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 811484 TI - The use of antibody specific for bromodeoxyuridine for the immunofluorescent determination of DNA replication in single cells and chromosomes. PMID- 811485 TI - Action of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde on segmentation mitoses. Inhibition of spindle and astral fibres, centrospheres blocked. PMID- 811487 TI - Effect of vinblastine sulfate, colchicine and lumicolchicine on membrane organization of normal and transformed cells. PMID- 811486 TI - An in vitro production of bone specific alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 811488 TI - A method for enucleating cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 811489 TI - Temperature dependent changes of cell growth parameters in Tetrahymena. PMID- 811490 TI - Projections of the medial pulvinar to orbital cortex and frontal eye fields in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 811491 TI - Septal afterdischarges and their modification by the cerebellum. PMID- 811492 TI - Behavioral inhibition induced by pallidal stimulation in monkeys. PMID- 811493 TI - Letter to the editor: Proliferative arteriopathy in macaques. PMID- 811494 TI - The interaction of phospholipid vesicles with mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 811495 TI - The mannosylation of dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides and the formation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in pig liver microsomal preparations. PMID- 811496 TI - Effect of thyreotrope-releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin turnover in culture. AB - A kinetic study of the influence of thyreotrope-releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin turnover and synthesis by a new rat pituitary prolactin cell line (SD1) has been performed by means of pulse-chase experiments. After a 10-min [3H]leucine pulse, the chase was carried out in the presence or absence of TRH (54 nM), cycloheximide (3.6 X 10(-5)M) and/or [14C]-proline. The prolactin content of the cells in the medium was estimated using a radioimmunoassay technique. The specific radioactivity of prolactin in the medium was estimated after its isolation by disc gel electrophoresis. This kinetic study demonstrated, firstly, a rapid intracellular transit of newly synthesized prolactin (15 + 10 min or less); secondly, the existence of at least two intracellular prolactin pools; thirdly, a rapid effect of TRH on release of stored prolactin, which is independent of de novo protein synthesis, and fourthly, a delayed stimulating effect of TRH on prolactin synthesis. PMID- 811497 TI - Differentiation of lens in cultures of neural retinal cells of chick embryos. PMID- 811498 TI - Hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in human fetal liver. II. Regulation of glycogen synthase activity. AB - During the first two thirds of gestation, the concentrations of UDPG, ATP, ADP, and Mg++ in human fetal liver remain constant, whereas the concentration of Pi decreases twofold and the G-6-P and AMP concentrations increase. Incubation of human fetal liver explants with glucagon or insulin did not alter the concentrations of any of these intermediates. ATP, ADP, and Pi are inhibitors of human fetal liver glycogen synthase D-form activity, while G-6-P and AMP and Mg++ are stimulators. Ca++ at concentrations of less than 0.1 mM was found to stimulate glycogen synthase D activity. This effect of Ca++ was also observed in "physiologic" mixtures containing UDPG, G-6-P, ATP, ADP, AMP, Pi, and Mg++ at concentrations found either in liver in utero or in explants. 45Ca++ efflux from perifused (rat) fetal liver explants was stimulated by glucagon. These data provide a picture of the metabolite regulation of human fetal liver glycogen synthase activity in which the D-form may largely control glycogen synthesis in utero and hormonal effects on glycogen synthase may be induced by effects of Ca++ on the D-form. PMID- 811499 TI - [Studies, analyses and experiments on the use of the hand of Callithrix jacchus Erxleben 1777. I. Locomotion behavior]. PMID- 811500 TI - Cytogenic analysis of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster: mapping of the proximal portion of the right arm. AB - In order to define more precisely the most proximal portion of chromosome 3R in Drosophila melanogaster, several new chromosome aberrations involving this region have been recovered and analyzed. These new arrangements were recovered as induced reversions of two dominant mutations, ANTPNs and dsxD, located in the region of interest. The results of the analysis have allowed the localization of several existing mutations, have further elucidated the complex homoeotic locus which resides in this region, and have confirmed the efficacy of this type of screen in the analysis of specific chromosome regions. PMID- 811501 TI - A survey of isozyme polymorphism in a Drosophila melanogaster natural population. AB - A survey of biochemical polymorphism among glucose- and non-glucose-metabolizing enzymes was carried out on the June 1973 collection from the South Amherst, Mass. Drosophila melanogaster natural population. Polymorphic levels are among the highest recorded for this species; polymorphism among glucose-metabolizing enzymes did not differ significantly from that among non-glucose-metabolizing enzymes. Two loci, G6Pd on the X and Est-6 on the 3rd chromosome, displayed significant excesses of heterozygotes. Adh on the 2nd and Idh, Odh and Ao on the 3rd chromosome showed significant heterozygote deficiencies. Idh is ten map units to the left of Est-6, Odh twelve map units to the right and Ao is seven units beyond Odh. Temperatures in the two-week June period prior to collection were exceedingly variable. Daily high/low ranged between 76 degrees/40 degrees and 97 degrees/65 degrees F. These results support the findings of Frydenberg and Simonsen (1973) that in some populations glucose-metabolizing enzymes tend to be as polymorphic as non-glucose-metabolizing ones. They also add to the evidence obtained from other plant and animal populations that increased biochemical polymorphism is associated with more variable and/or colder climates. The increase may in part be due to increased polymorphism among glucose-metabolizing enzymes. Comparisons utilizing published data on other D. melanogaster populations and on D. robusta indicate a clinal increase in heterozygosity among glucose-metabolizing enzymes as one moves northward. PMID- 811502 TI - Genes affecting productivity in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two hundred second chromosomes were extracted from a Japanese population in October of 1972, and the viabilities and productivities of homozygotes and heterozygotes from them were examined. Viability was measured by the Cgamma method and productivity by the number of progeny produced per female. The frequency of lethal-carrying chromosomes was 0.1315. When the average heterozygote viability was standardized as 1.000, the average homozygote viability was 0.595 including the lethal lines, and 0.866 excluding them. The frequency of recessive sterile chromosomes among 131 non-lethal lines was 0.092 in females and 0.183 in males. There were two instances in which homozygosis for the second chromosome caused sterility in both sexes, which was close to the number expected (2.2) on a random basis of 0.0092 S 0.183 X 131. When the average heterozygote productivity of 200 lines was standardized as 1.000, the average homozygote productivity was 0.532 including female steriles, and 0.584 excluding them. The ratio of detrimental load to lethal load was 0.383, while the ratio of partial sterility load to complete sterility load was 7.767. The average viability of lethal heterozygotes was slightly, but not significantly, lower than that of lethal-free heterozygotes, while the average productivity of lethal heterozygotes was significantly lower than that of lethal-free heterozygotes. There was a significant association of sterility in either sex with low viability of homozygotes. However, no statistically significant differences in viability and productivity were detected between sterile heterozygotes and non-sterile heterozygotes. The heterozygous effects of viability and productivity polygenes were examined by regressions of the heterozygotes on the sum of corresponding homozygotes. The regression coefficients were slightly positive for both viability and productivity if lethal and sterile chromosomes were excluded. The correlation between viability and productivity in homozygotes was significantly positive when sterile chromosomes were included, but the significance disappeared when the sterile chromosomes were excluded. In the heterozygotes there were no detectable correlations between them. PMID- 811505 TI - Reversion of anomalous forms of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Anomalous forms of Bacillus subtilis A 32 produced by prolonged cultivation in a chemostat under nitrogen limitation are described. A change in the cultivation conditions brings about a transformation of these forms to bacillar rods. The transformation is gradual and lasts for several generations. PMID- 811503 TI - The value of experiential learning in long-term care education. Emphasis on simulated sensory deprivation in an institutional setting. PMID- 811504 TI - Modification of the cerebrovascular response to noradrenaline by bile duct ligation. AB - The effects of intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline on the cerebral vasculature were studied in seven baboons with bile duct ligation. Infusion of 8 mug and 16 mug/min of noradrenaline resulted in a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow in the jaundiced animals. In normal baboons, these doses produced cerebrovascular dilatation. These results indicate that there is an increased cerebrovascular sensitivity to noradrenaline in the obstructive jaundice which follows bile duct ligation. It is postulated that noradrenaline smooth muscle uptake mechanisms are disturbed allowing a greater concentration of the amine at the receptor sites. PMID- 811506 TI - Genetic studies on temperature-sensitive mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP 1. AB - A total of 30 ts mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1 were isolated and subjected to complementation test. On the basis of this test 21 mutants were classified into 4 functional groups; the classification of the remaining 9 mutants was unclear. The frequency of recombination by mutual crossing was determined in representatives of individual groups; this made it possible to place these mutants on a linear map comprising a total length of 7.62 recombination units. PMID- 811507 TI - Biochemical dehydrogenations of saccharides. VII. 2-Deoxy-D-gluconic acid from 2 deoxy-D-glucose. AB - Fermentation of a medium containing 5% 2-deoxy-D-glucose and barium carbonate by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa yielded barium 2-deoxy-D-gluconate. The yield was 77% theoretical. The strain in question makes it possible to prepare directly calcium, magnesium, manganese and ferrous salts of 2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid. A treatment of 5% solution of 2-deoxy-D-glucose with commercial glucose oxidase preparation caused also a complete dehydrogenation. PMID- 811508 TI - Effect of amino sugars on transformation of strains Streptococcus Wicky and Bacillus 168 trp2. PMID- 811509 TI - Free and bound magnesium in fungi and yeasts. AB - The content of total, bound and osmotically free magnesium was estimated in various fungi and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Total magnesium increases at lower growth rates of Endomyces magnusii and Penicillium chrysogenum 140A as well as during the logarithmic stage of growth of Penicillium chrysogenum Q-176. The binding of magnesium requires orthophosphate, decreasing during lack of external phosphate when the intracellular concentration of free magnesium rises. The fungi were found to contain a novel form of bound magnesium, a polymeric magnesium orthophosphate (PO Mg), which appears to take part in the control of free magnesium level in Penicillium chrysogenum Q-176. The level of free magnesium is proportional to the growth rate of Endomyces magnusii and Penicillium chrysogenum Q-176 and 140A. Total, as well as free, magnesium changes less than three-fold as external Mg concentration is changed 13,000-fold. The magnesium is taken up against concentration gradients of 1 : 25 to 1 : 1300, the metal being distributed non-uniformly in the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 811510 TI - The contrahens muscle layer in Tarsius. AB - The dissection of five hands from four specimens of Tarsius sp. revealed an elaborate contrahens muscle group that may facilitate the specialised grip pattern in this form. Long muscle slips arise from the palm and pass to the distal phalanges of the digits. In addition, short muscle slips pass from one digit to the proximal phalanx of an adjacent digit. PMID- 811511 TI - Osteometric shape relationships in the wrist joint of some anthropoids. AB - Multivariate morphometric analyses of the wrist morphology of monkeys, apes and humans indicated that there is a fundamental difference between cercopithecoids and hominoids which can be related to functional and behavioral differences. The wrists of the Miocene fossil hominoids (Dryopithecus africanus and Pliopithecus vindobonensis) are almost completely monkey-like in their structure. PMID- 811512 TI - Dental eruption patterns in Parapithecidae (Primates, Anthropoidea). AB - Radiographic analysis of mandibular fragments of the Oligocene primates Apidium phiomense and Parapithecus grangeri provides sequences of postincisor development and eruption. Although retaining the premolar eruption sequence (P2 leads to P4 leads to P3), the parapithecids possessed the derived feature of delayed canine appearance which, with other characters of cranial and postcranial morphology, aligns them with Anthropoidea and not Prosimii or platyrrhines. PMID- 811513 TI - Added heterochromatin segments in chromosomes of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Variant structural homozygosity, observed previously only in plants and insects, is reported herein for the first time in mammalian chromosomes. The addition of a heterochromatic chromosome segment to either one or both homologues is described in autosomes B5 and B12 of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. PMID- 811514 TI - Comparison of spatial and orientational relationships as manifestations of divergent modes of social organization in captive groups of Mandrillus sphinx and Theropithecus gelada. AB - Recent theories of nonhuman primate social organization and behavior suggest the existence of two primary modes of attention. In centripetal social groups attention is directed inward toward the group, ultimately to the dominant male. In acentric social groups attention is directed outward toward the surrounding environment. Such fundamental differences in postulated attention structure promote extreme, but predictable, variability in spatial relationships and social organization between primates displaying opposing modes. This difference is tested in two species of Old World monkeys, Mandrillus sphinx and Theropithecus gelada (subfamily Cercopithecinae), and shown to be that individuals in strongly centripetal groups remain closer to their dominant males than individuals in weakly centripetal groups. Correlations with other socioecological factors, including visual attention and body orientation are also demonstrated. PMID- 811515 TI - Chromosomes of the tan-handed titi (Callicebus torquatus, Hoffmannsegg, 1807). AB - Two new specimens of Calicebus torquatus confirm the previously reported unusually low diploid number of 2n = 20. Banding studies and radioautography identify the X chromosome and compare the karyotype with that of Callicebus moloch cupreus. The latter species has considerably less C-banded heterochromatin. A comparison of Giemsa bands establishes only few comparable chromosome segments. PMID- 811516 TI - Immunodiffusion systematics of the primates. III. The strepsirhini. AB - Immunodiffusion comparisons have been run using 26 antisera including seven made to strepsirhine species. Spur size data resulting from these comparisons have been analyzed by computer and depict Strepsirhini as a monophyletic group within Primates including Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes. Cheirogaleidae is retained with Lemuriformes. Indriidae rather than Cheirogaleidae is depicted as closer to Lemur. Evidence is presented indicating that Lorisiformes is composed of three groups rather than two as in traditional classifications. The three groups, which are considered here to diverage at a family level, are Galagidae, Lorisidae, and Perodicticidae. PMID- 811517 TI - Lack of dominant lethality in rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors 1242 and 1254). PMID- 811518 TI - Letter: 1-Glutamic and L-aspartic acids--a question of hazard? PMID- 811519 TI - [Fabry-Anderson's disease]. AB - Fabry's disease was originally considered a skin disease. Mainly affected are epidermis, kidney, heart and vessels. Newer studies show that the disease is an inherited defect of metabolism with abnormal accumulation of "Zeramid-Tri- or Dihexoside" in different organs. The main clinical symptoms are epidermal changes, cornea verticillata and kidney changes. The diagnosis is verified by kidney biopsy or biochemical analysis of blood and urine. The activity of alpha galactosidase in the blood is reduced, the secretion of Zeramid-Trihexoside in urine is increased. Causal therapy still does not exist, different methodes of treatment are discussed but still in the experimental stage. A case report is given. PMID- 811521 TI - [Metabolic studies on polychlorinated biphenyls. VII. Metabolic fate of 2,5,2',5' tetrachlorobiphenyl in rats(author's transl)]. PMID- 811520 TI - [Metabolic studies on polychlorinated biphenyls. VI. Contribution of the hydroxylated metabolites to the acute toxicity of 2,4,3',4' tetrachlorobiphenyl(author's transl)]. PMID- 811522 TI - [Effect of biphenyl chloride on rat liver microsomal phospholipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 811523 TI - [Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on HeLa cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 811524 TI - [Hemolytic and "hemagglutinating" activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (author's transl)]. PMID- 811525 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls toxicity and nutrition. IV. PCBs' toxicity and vitamin A (3). PMID- 811526 TI - [Influences of some agents on the enzyme-inducing activity of PCB (author's transl)]. PMID- 811527 TI - [Influences of PCB on the brain catecholamine levels in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 811528 TI - Chlorinated dibenzofurans in Kanechlors and rice oils used by patients with yusho. PMID- 811529 TI - [Comparison of hyperkeratosis induced by PCBs, PCDF and PCDD application (author's transl)]. PMID- 811530 TI - [Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in plasma of yusho children born to mothers who had consumed oil contaminated by PCB (author's transl)]. PMID- 811532 TI - [Consecutive six year follow-up study on serum triglyceride levels in patients with PCB poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 811533 TI - [Relation between PCB level in the blood and clinical symptoms of yusho patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 811531 TI - [Abnormality of serum enzyme in PCB poisoning patients with special reference to ribonuclease (author's transl)]. PMID- 811534 TI - [Alteration in skin severity grading of yusho in the general examination in 1973 and 1974, and presentation of a new standard for the skin severity of Yusho by point count system (author's transl)]. PMID- 811535 TI - [Anterior pituitary function of "yusho" patients (polychrolinated biphenyls poisoning) (author's transl)]. PMID- 811536 TI - [Further ophthalmic studies on patients of chronic chlorobiphenyls poisoning ("yusho") (author's transl)]. PMID- 811537 TI - [Ocular findings of chlorobiphenyls intoxication and histological changes of the palpebral conjunctiva in rats fed with Kaneclor 500 (author's transl)]. PMID- 811539 TI - Warning against growing dependence on government. PMID- 811538 TI - [A follow-up study on fasting therapy of yusho patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 811540 TI - Continuous cardiac output measurement: aspects of Doppler frequency analysis. PMID- 811541 TI - Oxygen toxicity in normal and neoplastic hamster cells in culture. AB - The effects of different partial pressures of oxygen on the growth of hamster embryo and hamster tumor cells in culture were studied. Hamster embryo cells grown in medium with calf serum became established as continous cell lines in 1 to 3% O2 but degenerated in 20, 50, or 97% O2. The same cells grown in medium with fetal calf serum became established in 1 to 3 or 20% O2 and degenerated in 50 or 97% O2. Hamster embryo cells grown in medium with fetal calf serum in 20% O2 were less sensitive to O2 toxicity after 119 than after 46 culture days. Treatment of secondary or tertiary cultures of hamster embryo cells grown in medium with calf serum in 20% O2 with chemical carcinogens facilitated their establishment and increased their resistance to O2 toxicity. Cells that developed into established lines and cells that died became heteroploid during the first few weeks of their growth in culture. Lines of carcinogen-treated and untreated cells became tumorigenic in hamsters. Cells from tumors grew permanently in medium with fetal calf or calf serum in 1 to 3 or 20% O2, and were very resistant to higher O2 concentrations. Differences in growth rate and O2 consumption of hamster embryo and hamster tumor cells changed the concentration of O2 calculated to occur at the cell-fluid interface for a given concentration in the gas phase. Such changes may have been partly responsible for the observed differences in O2 toxicity. PMID- 811542 TI - The effect of reduction and reoxidation on the biological activities and structure of human Clq (first component of complement). PMID- 811543 TI - Antibody-mediated thermal stabilization of human hexosaminidases. PMID- 811544 TI - [Cross reaction between allotype Aa1 of rabbit immunoglobulins and antibodies derived against allotype Aa3: participation of variants of Aa1 specificity in this cross reaction]. PMID- 811546 TI - Light chain peptide secreted by rabbit antibody producing and murine MOPC 315 myeloma cells in the presence of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). PMID- 811547 TI - Incremental combining site filling of anti-polypeptide antibodies. PMID- 811545 TI - Glutaraldehyde-activated aminohexyl- derivative of Sepharose 4B as a new verstile immunoabsorbent. PMID- 811548 TI - Antibody-ligand interaction studied by fluorescence enhancement method--IV. Hapten binding activity of peptide fragments from purified antibody heavy chain cleaved by cyanogen bromide. PMID- 811549 TI - Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from bovine nasal secretions. PMID- 811550 TI - Immunochemical relationships of the intermediates of prothrombin activation. PMID- 811551 TI - Preferential homologous recombination of H and L chains from mouse myeloma proteins which bind DNP ligands. PMID- 811552 TI - Cleavage sites of human IgG by soluble and water-insoluble stem bromelain. PMID- 811553 TI - Structural studies of a human immunoglobulin M: localization of a third light chain. PMID- 811554 TI - Allograft cytotoxicity. Role of T lymphocytes bearing a receptor for complement. AB - The ability of sensitized spleen populations to kill allogenic mouse cells in vitro is lost after depletion of cells bearing receptors for C3. It is suggested that complement receptor T lymphocytes (T-CRL) play a role in the effector phase of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The finding of large C3 rosette-forming cells staining for a specific T marker further supports the view that activated T cells may bear C3 receptors. PMID- 811556 TI - Cytotoxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxins. PMID- 811555 TI - Naturally occurring double-stranded RNA and immune responses. III. Immunogenicity and antigenicity in animals. AB - Naturally occurring, double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA)) was immunogenic when injected into mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, dogs and baboons. The response to native material administered intravenously (i.v.) was strongest in rabbits and mice, and weakest in baboons. Mice, guinea-pigs and baboons injected with ds-RNA complexed with methylated BSA emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant all gave high antibody responses. When ds-RNA was given in aerosol form to mice and guinea-pigs the response was weaker than that following i.v. injection, and baboons did not respond to antigen given as an aerosol. In most species the immune response obtained was predominantly IgM in nature, and there was no evidence for cell mediated immunity in any species. The only evidence of an adverse reaction associated with repeated administration of ds-RNA was a systemic anaphylactic type response in a small group of mice given ds-RNA repeatedly in aerosol form and challenged with ds-RNA i.v. PMID- 811557 TI - Effect of glucocorticosteroids on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing by peritoneal macrophages. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was studied by a method making it possible to measure these processes separately. The results showed that in vivo treatment with 15 mg of hydrocortisone acetate did not significantly decrease the phagocytosis of several bacterial species such as Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The killing indexes of normal macrophages for the various microorganisms were found to be significantly different. This may indicate that the bactericidal mechanisms are not uniform for these bacteria. The effect of hydrocortisone on the intracellular killing was also variable. For Staphylococcus albus a normal killing index was found. For the other species of bacterial and for Candida albicans some decrease was found, but this was only significant for Salmonella typhimurium. It is concluded that a decrease host resistance due to glucocorticosterioid treatment is not caused by a direct effect of these drugs on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing by mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 811558 TI - Nature of "memory" in T-cell-mediated antibacterial immunity: anamnestic production of mediator T cells. AB - Mice that survived an immunizing infection with Listeria monocytogenes remained specifically resistant to lethal secondary infection for several months. This acquired, long-lived state of resistance was not dependent on activated macrophages that remained after the primary response. It depended, instead, on an acquired long-lived capacity on the part of immunized mice for generating mediator T cells faster and in larger numbers than normal mice. The number of mediator T cells generated in response to secondary infection was proportional to the level of infection. The results suggest that the accelerated production of mediator T cells that occurs in response to secondary infection represents the expression of a state of immunological T-cell memory. PMID- 811559 TI - Nature of "memory" in T-cell mediated antibacterial immunity: cellular parameters that distinguish between the active immune response and a state of "memory". AB - Immunizing infection in mice with Listeria monocytogenes resulted in the generation of two distinct states of immunological reactivity. There was generated (i) a short-lived state of active immunity that functioned to urgently eliminate the infection organism from the tissues and (ii) a long-lives state of increased immunological potential that enabled the host to respond to seconday infection in an accelerated manner. Short-lived active immunity was mediated by replicating T cells and expressed by activated macrophages, and it ended when these cell types disappeared from the tissue soon after complete elimination of the parasite. Long-lived immunological protential was associated with a persistent level of delayed sensitivity and with the presence of a small number of nonreplicating protective T cells. It is suggested that the state of delayed sensitivity represents a state of immunological T-cell memory of the cell mediated type. PMID- 811560 TI - Molecular weight and other characteristics of mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor produced by spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with viable attenuated mycobacterial cells. AB - Exposure of mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor (MycoIF) to trypsin, chymotrypsin, or neuraminidase decrease its ability to produce intracellular inhibition of mycobacterial growth within macrophages, suggesting that MycoIF was a glycoprotein. MycoIF was unaffected by deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. Supernatant fluids from antigenically stimulated H37Ra-immunized mouse spleen cells exposed to puromycin were unable to produce significant intracellular inhibition. This indicated that the presence of MycoIF activity in supernatant fluids required protein synthesis. The filtration of MycoIF-containing supernatant fluids on Sephadex G-150 demonstrated that significant MycoIF activity appeared only in those fractions which eluted on the downward side of the serum albumin peak. Based on protein standards filtered through the Sephadex gel, the molecular weight of MycoIF was calculated to be between 20,000 and 35,000. These calculations assumed that MycoIF is a globular protein. Attempts to purify MycoIF by anion exchange chromatography (diethylaminoethylcellulose) was not successful. PMID- 811561 TI - Macrophage migration inhibitory activity of mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor and the effect of a number of factors on mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor activity. AB - Mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor (MycoIF), which inhibits the intracellular multiplication of virulent tubercle bacilli within normal peritoneal macrophages in vitro, was tested for its ability to inhibit the migration of normal peritoneal exudate cells. The migration of peritoneal exudate cells was not inhibited by MycoIF. It was also shown that normal peritoneal macrophages infected with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Rv, required 72 h of incubation with spleen cell culture supernatant fluids containing MycoIF in order to inhibit intracellular bacillary multiplication. Treatment of infected macrophages with trypsin before their exposure to MycoIF abolished the ability of MycoIF to inhibit intracellular mutiplication of tubercle bacilli. Incubation of infected macrophages with goat anti-mouse globulin before their exposure to MycoIF also blocked the action of MycoIF. PMID- 811562 TI - Morphology and viability of large bodies of streptococcal L-forms. AB - A procedure is described for the massive formation and isolation of large bodies of group A and D streptococcal L-forms. Up to 90% individual bodies of 20 to 100 mum in diameter can be produced in pour plates of nutrient gelatin and subsequently harvested by simple micromanipulation. The growth of these giant bodies was followed by light microscopy and their ultrastructure and internal architecture was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Large bodies had a honeycomb structure of vacuoles. Numerous small units could be observed inside, protruding into, and between vacuoles. Intact large bodies (30 to 60 mum), when placed in small amounts of broth and incubated at 35 C, initiated turbid cultures, but when set on agar, they ruptured, releasing internal granules and producing typical L-form colonies. The number of internal colony-forming units (CFU) was correlated with the size of large bodies. Up to 200 CFU were detected in bodies of 40 to 60 mum in diameter, whereas corpuscles of 20 to 30 mum averaged only three CFU. The inefficiency of replication was apparent with the determination by light and electron microscopy that at least 100 times as many granules and elementary corpuscles as CFU were produced inside large bodies. PMID- 811563 TI - Dichotomy between macrophage activation and degree of protection against Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii in mice stimulated with Corynebacterium parvum. AB - In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Corynebacterium parvum treatment of mice on resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii. Intravenous immunization with C. parvum conferred transient protection against intravenous challenge with Listeria or an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma but did not protect against a virulent strain of Toxoplasma. Compared with the level of protection conferred by C. parvum, a higher degree of resistance was noted when mice infected with Listeria or Toxoplasma were challenged with the homologous infecting organism. Peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized intravenously with C. parvum were activated to kill Toxoplasma in vitro. Whereas resistance to challenge in vivo was transient, this population of activated macrophages persisted. Peritoneal macrophages from C. parvum mice also markedly inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by L cells. PMID- 811564 TI - Enterotoxigenic intestinal bacteria in tropical sprue. IV. Effect of linoleic acid on growth interrelationships of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The factors responsible for colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic coliform bacteria in Puerto Ricans with tropical sprue are unknown, but epidemiological observations have suggested that they may be related to an increased dietary intake of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, which is known to exert an inhibitory effect on the growth of gram-positive organisms that normally comprise the flora of the small intestine. We have examined, by using a glucose-limited continuous-culture system, what effect this fatty acid exerts on the growth relationships of enteric gram-positive and coliform bacteria. In this system, colonization by an invading strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was prevented by the presence of an established culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, principally by virtue of a lowered pH of the medium that was incompatible with Klebsiella growth. However, when the population density of L. acidophilus was reduced by the presence of a sufficient concentration of linoleic acid, the invading K. pneumoniae successfully colonized the system and, once established, suppressed the growth of L. acidophilus. These observations indicate that, under the conditions of our chemostat, gram-positive enteric bacteria suppress coliform growth and that this effect is reversible by the presence of linoleic acid. It remains to be established, however, what pertinence these in vitro observations have to conditions within the intestinal tract of persons living in the tropics. PMID- 811565 TI - Immunochemical analysis of serum-related proteins in the respiratory tract secretions of normal mice. AB - Normal mouse lung lavage fluid was analyzed for its content of serum-related proteins by the methods of gel filtration, immunoelectrophoresis, and double immunodiffusion. Lavage samples were collected from exsanguinated mice using three repeated infusions of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Cells were removed, and the lavage fluid was concentrated. Approximately 0.23 mg of protein per mouse was present in the concentrated solution. Albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were among the proteins in greatest concentration. Albumin, IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM were quantitated by single radial diffusion. Although immunoglobulins could be synthesized locally, albumin and transferrin were assumed to come from plasma. The albumin content was used to estimate the amount of transudated plasma as 0.0027 ml per mouse. The IgA levels were low with an IgA/IgG1 ratio of 0.58 and an IgA/IgG2 ratio of 0.43. IgM was not detected. Goat anti-lung lavage serum revealed the presence of additional lung-related proteins. PMID- 811566 TI - Selective adhesion of microorganisms to the ductular epithelium of the bovine mammary gland. AB - Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium bovis were examined for their ability to adhere to the ductular epithelial cells of the bovine udder. S. agalactiae and S. aureus adhered readily and in large numbers, whereas the other organisms adhered poorly or not at all. The organisms showing the ability to adhere are those which frequently cause mastitis. These data suggest that selective adherence to the ductular epithelium may be the first stage in the pathogenesis of streptococcal and staphylococcal mastitis. PMID- 811567 TI - Use of Bacillus subtilis minicells to demonstrate an antigenic relationship between the poles and lateral cylindrical regions of rod-shaped cells. AB - Purified minicells produced by Bacillus subtilis div IV-B1 mutants were used to immunize rabbits. Immune serum was obtained that agglutinated minicells and was able to form precipitin lines when reacted with minicell antigens in double diffusion or immunoelectrophoretic procedures. Antiminicell serum agglutinated rod-shaped B. subtilis cells to long filaments produced by growth of a cell division-defective mutant at restrictive temperature. These findings indicate that minicells are immunogens capable of eliciting the production of antibodies that cross-react with the lateral, cylindrical regions of B. subtilis rods. It appears, therefore, that poles share a common antigen(s) with cylindrical regions of the cell. PMID- 811568 TI - Enhancement of resistance and suppression of immunization against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection by Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Intravenous but not intraperitoneal injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum either before or after intraperitoneal infection with the highly reticulotropic Tulahuen strain of Trypanosoma cruzi produced enhanced resistance against the infection in mice. In contrast, C. parvum had no effect when the infection was caused with the predominately myotropic Y strain of T. cruzi. C. parvum given intravenously before immunization with killed culture forms of the Y strain parasite consistently diminished the protective effect against subsequent infection, which could be obtained with antigen alone. PMID- 811569 TI - Modulation of the formation and release of bovine SRS-A in vitro by several anti anaphylactic drugs. AB - Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is released immunologically from bovine lung in vitro. Various drugs known to protect calves and other animals during anaphylaxis were tested to investigate their modulation of the formation and release of SRS-A. The anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamate and aspirin, potentiated SRS-A release. Chlorphenesin and diethylcarbamazine citrate at high concentrations both inhibited SRS-A release. Two new anti-anaphylactic drugs, PR D-92-EA and M&B 22,948, were particularly effective in inhibiting SRS-A release at low concentrations. The possible modes of actions of these drugs are discussed. PMID- 811570 TI - CoIII--EDTA dosimetry: accurate measurement of gamma-radiation doses at 10(4) 10(8) rads. PMID- 811571 TI - NaI (T1) detector efficiency calculations for distributed sources in a human phantom. PMID- 811572 TI - Surgical treatment for recurrent dislocation or chronic subluxation of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Recurrent dislocation or chronic subluxation of the temporomandibular joints may occur from long-term overclosure. Mandibular overclosure is due to loss of dentition. If the overclosure is not corrected by prosthetic rehabilitation of the proper vertical dimension, the result will be loosening of the temporomandibular capsule and stretching of the lateral ligament. The authors advocate capsule plication and ligamentorrhaphy via a preauricular or endaural approach. Occlusal splints are used during surgery to reestablish the vertical dimension. The patient is kept in intermaxillary fixation for 3 weeks. Postoperative prosthetic reconstruction is needed. Two cases are presented. PMID- 811573 TI - The effect of sulfonamides on pain and swelling following removal of ectopic third molars. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to study the value of cones containing sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole in the healing of third molar sockets. On the seventh postoperative day, 94 patients were examined regarding pain, swelling and the overall effect of the operation. Trials were run to compare sulfa cones directly with a placebo: in addition, the placebo and sulfa drugs were each compared with the effects of no medication. Pairs were made of the left and right mandibular third molars in the same patient and the results assessed by sequential analysis. It was found that although sulfa cones were better than the placebo, they themselves were no better or worse than leaving the socket alone. PMID- 811574 TI - Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. AB - Mucosal malignant melanomas of the oral cavity are rare and the present series comprising 23 patients is one of the largest ever published. The poor prognosis of these tumors appears from the fact that only two of the 23 patients could be presumed to have been treated sucessfully. The survival time of the 21 patients who died during the follow-up period was short in all but one patient, surviving 35 years after the first symptom of the tumor despite regional lymph node metastases in an early stage of the disease and repeated local recurrences. This indicates the importance of a regular lifelong follow-up and surgical activity concerning local recurrences and regional lymph node metastases. The poor prognosis may be explained by the patients' delay in seeking medical advice, which is stressed by the deep and massive infiltration of the extensive primary lesions as well as by the fact that metastases already were demonstrable in most patients at the first examination. A necessary condition for radical surgical therapy, and therefore an improvement in the very bad prognosis of oral malignant melanomas, is an earlier diagnosis than in the present series. As oral malignant melanomas almost exclusively appear in the palate and superior alveolar process, particular attention must be paid to lumps, ulcerations and pigmented spots occurring in this region. PMID- 811575 TI - Penicillin treatment in oral surgery in patients with coagulation disorders. AB - There are clinical observations indicating that the frequency of postoperative bleeding after oral surgery in patients with coagulation disorders is reduced by prophylactic antibiotic treatment. To assess this effect, the concentrations of phenoxymethylpenicillin in plasma and saliva were determined during treatment and compared with the MIC values for penicillin of the oral bacteria of four patients with coagulation disorders. The concentration of penicillin in plasma of the patients considerably exceeded the MIC values of all isolated bacteria. In mixed saliva and saliva of the parotid and submandibular glands no penicillin activity could be detected. The bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of the patients did not in vitro exhibit either fibrinolytic or plasminogen activator activity. Thus, the oral bacteria of patients with coagulopathies probably do not cause an increased bleeding tendency by their intra- or extracellular enzymes. PMID- 811576 TI - Effects of irradiation on saliva in cancer patients. AB - Whole unstimulated saliva was analyzed in 15 healthy individuals and 15 patients with malignant tumors in the head and neck region before and during irradiation therapy. Flow rate, pH, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg), protein and phosphate were measured. There was a decrease in rate of flow, and pH changed towards acidity. The most significant finding was the increased sodium content. We believe that irradiation reduces the reabsorption ability of the tubuli, causing the sodium content of the saliva to increase. PMID- 811577 TI - An improved technique in the diagnosis of pemphigus. AB - Pemphigus lesions are characterized by intraepithelial bullae. This phenomenon is used in a new practical procedure for obtaining specimens of diseased epithelium with a minimum of discomfort to the patient. This procedure makes it possible to demonstrate in vivo bound immunoglobulins in the epithelium without taking an ordinary biopsy for making the diagnosis of pemphigus. PMID- 811578 TI - Two components in the radiation sensitization of bacterial spores by p nitroacetophenone: the -OH component. AB - p-Nitroacetophenone (PNAP) sensitizes Bacillus megaterium spores under anoxic conditions to the lethal effects of 50 kVp X-rays. Concentrations between approximately 5 X 10(-4) M and 3-8 X 10(-3) M produce the maximum effect, an increase of about 30 per cent over the anoxic response when the spores are irradiated in water. Compounds that scavenge -OH decrease, but cannot completely eliminate, this maximum amount of sensitization. These results indicate that PNAP acts to increase spores' radiation sensitivity through two separable types of chemical reactions: one which involves -OH and one which does not. Possible mechanisms responsible for these two components of damage are discussed. In these experiments 1/15 M phosphate buffer acts in several unexpected ways. This concentration itself increased the anoxic spore response by about 9 per cent (relative to the anoxic response in water). In addition, although the maximum amounts of sensitization were the same, the amounts of sensitization from lower PNAP concentrations differed when the suspending fluid was buffer instead of water. An interaction was also seen during the PNAP-t-butanol experiments; again, the responses at low PNAP concentrations were different in buffer and in water. No mechanisms for these actions of this buffer were suggested, although somewhat similar effects may occur with other organisms. Clearly, such effects must be recognized and evaluated before quantitative analyses of the actions of sensitivity-modifying agents can be completed. PMID- 811579 TI - The role of metal ions in the radiosensitivity of metalloproteins. Model experiments with bovine carbonic anhydrase. AB - The radiation-induced inactivation of dilute solutions of three forms of bovine carbonic anhydrase (metal-free apo-BCA, Zn2+-BCA and Co2+-BCA) has been studied. The presence of the metal ions did not alter the sensitivity of the enzyme to inactivation by oxidizing radicals; however, they exerted a protective effect against inactivation by reducing radicals. Data obtained using the amino-acid specific inorganic radical anions (CNS)2-and Br2-allowed the identification of histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan as residues essential to the activity of bovine carbonic anhydrase when assayed by p-nitro-phenylacetate. PMID- 811580 TI - [Diagnosis and course of viral myocarditis]. PMID- 811581 TI - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 811582 TI - Origin and development of Bruch's membrane in monkey fetuses: an electron microscopic study. AB - The appearance of the components of Bruch's membrane in staged monkey fetuses was investigated with the electron microscope. The formation of this structure is closely associated with the morphological and cytological changes of the adjoining tissues. The sequence of events in the primate is as follows: (1) establishment of basal lamina of the pigment epithelium on the twenty-seventh day of gestation (optic cup stage); (2) appearance of some aggregated collagen fibers with nodosities on the thirty-eighth day of gestation; (3) layering of some collagen fibers with striations on the forty-sixth day of gestation; (4) appearance of the first immature elastic fibrils on the forty-ninth day of gestation; and (5) incomplete formation of basal lamina of the choriocapillary endothelium on the fifty-fourth day of gestation. The observations are discussed in relation to published work which has a bearing on Bruch's membrane formation. PMID- 811583 TI - The concentration of ascorbic acid in the posterior and anterior chambers of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The ascorbic acid concentration in the posterior and anterior chambers of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) eye was determined, and found to be significantly higher in the posterior chamber. Monkeys anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium had a higher posterior chamber ascorbic acid concentration than monkeys sedated with phencyclidine. The ascorbic acid diffusion coefficient, calculated from the posterior and anterior chamber data, was 0.0012 min.-1 for monkeys given phencyclidine and 0.0010 min.-1 for pentobarbital-anesthetized monkeys. PMID- 811584 TI - The mechanism of ischemia in anteroposterior compression of the spinal cord. AB - Intraspinal balloons were used in monkeys to simulate lateral and posterior epidural masses. Posterior masses flatten the cord and occlude the central vasculature while lateral balloons have less effect on central cord perfusion. The significance of these findings in relation to spondylotic myelopathy is discussed. PMID- 811585 TI - Changes in the pulse wave form with flow through vessels with repetitive saccular dilatations and stenosis. AB - Several patients with fibroplasia of the renal arteries without significant stenosis were found to have surgically reversible renal hypertension. The hypothesis is advanced that receptors in the kidney may respond to altered wave form by causing an increase in blood pressure. Various models of normal and pathological renal arteries were made and tested in a pulse duplicator. A discrete harmonic analysis was made of input and output waves. The results indicate that nodular, non-stenotic models significantly alter the systolic rise in perfusion pressures to the kidney. Therefore, irregularity of vessel lumen without stenosis may be sufficient to alter organ function. PMID- 811586 TI - Determination of glomerular filtration rate in the rat using 51Cr-EDTA and a single blood sample. AB - 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to measure the glomerular filtration rate in rats using external body counting and a two compartmental analysis according to the method of Sapirstein. A comparison was made of results calculated using the two-compartment method and a recently proposed formula requiring a knowledge of the distribution volume of the isotope and the analysis of a single timed plasma sample. The results have shown that the formula of Bryan et al. can be used for the rapid and convenient determination of glomerular filtration rate in small animals after the administration of 51Cr EDTA. PMID- 811588 TI - Comparative metabolism of radionuclides in mammals--IX. Retention of 75Se in the mouse, rat, monkey and dog. PMID- 811587 TI - Purification and preliminary characterization of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group). PMID- 811589 TI - An estimate of the patient risk in cyclotron neutron radiotherapy using mouse testes as a biological test system. PMID- 811590 TI - Thyroidal radioiodine exposure of the fetus. PMID- 811592 TI - Parent training. PMID- 811591 TI - Ambulatory monitoring: a 1975 overview. PMID- 811593 TI - Teaching students about their future role as parents. PMID- 811594 TI - Teenagers' attitudes toward parenting. PMID- 811595 TI - The need for effective health counselors in schools. PMID- 811596 TI - The role of the health educator in a county health department. PMID- 811597 TI - Teaching strategies: Me power. PMID- 811598 TI - Population control: a technological necessity. PMID- 811599 TI - The why and how of population education. PMID- 811600 TI - The black masses and population control. PMID- 811601 TI - National health care: consumer's delight or dilemma? PMID- 811602 TI - Death and the consumer. PMID- 811603 TI - Physical therapy and the consumer. PMID- 811604 TI - Positive consumerism: health economics. PMID- 811606 TI - Values and risk-taking behavior: the concept of calculated risk. PMID- 811605 TI - Analysis of health advertising. PMID- 811607 TI - A "far-out" philosophy of health education. PMID- 811608 TI - Constructive consumerism. PMID- 811609 TI - Teaching strategies. Horse racing in the classroom. PMID- 811611 TI - Teaching strategies. Health anagrams. PMID- 811610 TI - Independent study in health education. PMID- 811612 TI - Teaching strategies. The many faces of role playing. PMID- 811614 TI - Teaching strategies. Choices. PMID- 811615 TI - Teaching strategies. The open contract - a program of individualized study. PMID- 811617 TI - Drug stop: an alternative in drug education. PMID- 811616 TI - Television production for a community health project. PMID- 811618 TI - Overcoming economic barriers to health care. PMID- 811613 TI - Teaching strategies. Fantasy games. PMID- 811619 TI - Hospitals without walls. PMID- 811620 TI - Buying biofeedback. PMID- 811622 TI - Part 2. Positive consumerism: health economics. The senior consumer and health educators. PMID- 811621 TI - A consumer's guide to podiatric care. PMID- 811623 TI - The teenage consumer. PMID- 811624 TI - Another look at the chiropractor. PMID- 811625 TI - Effect of a methods course on elementary student teaching. PMID- 811626 TI - The drug cost crisis. PMID- 811627 TI - Decision making and fad diets. PMID- 811628 TI - [Intal treatment of occupational asthma]. PMID- 811629 TI - C-glucuronides, a novel type of drug metabolites. PMID- 811631 TI - A simplified method of specimen preparation for X-ray microanalysis of muscle and blood cells. AB - The effect of various steps in the preparation of muscle and blood cells for electron microscopic X-ray microanalysis, was studied with reference to calcium, zinc and copper levels. It was found that these elements are readily detectable in material fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded directly in Epon 812. Alcohol dehydration, buffer rinses and post-osmication caused marked depletion of all elements examined. PMID- 811632 TI - Experimental induction and treatment of toad poisoning in the dog. AB - Toad poisoning was studied in awake and anesthetized dogs. The intoxication was defined with respect to clinical signs, blood changes, and alterations in electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The efficacy of propranolol hydrochloride as an antidote was evaluated. PMID- 811630 TI - X-ray microanalysis of calcium binding sites in Paramecium with special reference to exocytosis. AB - In Paramecium cells Ca++-stimulated triggering of the exocytosis of secretory vesicles ("trichocysts") was achieved by ionophores X-537 A or A 23187. Under triggering conditions electron dense deposits were present in some "resting" trichocysts and regularly in discharging trichocysts; upon subsequent fixation deposits occurred on the trichocyst membrane (on the inner side or within the membrane) and on the "inner lamellar sheath" from where deposits seemed to "radiate" into the secretory materials. Similar results were obtained with glutardialdehyde fixation alone which also triggers exocytosis but only at low concentrations. Element analysis by energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis ascertained the presence of Ca and P in deposits occurring in trichocysts. Those "resting" trichocysts which were devoid of deposits did not contain Ca or P enriched. Hence, an abrupt Ca++-influx into individual trichocysts just before exocytosis seems to be involved in the triggering mechanism, possible in combination with the sudden activation of an ATPase system localized at those sites of the trichocysts which primarily contain the deposits. When paramecia were treated only with Ca++ and then fixed with OsO4 plus oxalate or merely with glutardialdehyde, electron scattering deposits were formed also on the inner side of the cell membrane and within the ciliary shaft (but rarely in trichocysts). Deposits obtained on cilia (including "ciliary granule plaques") also contained Ca, P and S. Cells contain osmiophilic "calcium-storing vacuoles" which were selectively rich in Ca and S but devoid of P. PMID- 811633 TI - Letter: Spinal ossifying pachymeningitis. PMID- 811634 TI - Ultrastructure of quiescent oocytes of Cebus albifrons. AB - Quiescent oocytes of the monkey Cebus albifrons were examined with the electron microscope. In many respects the ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that of other mammalian species. Elongate and oval mitochondria, lamellar Golgi complexes, small profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuolar organelles were randomly distributed around a round nucleus which usually contained a nucleolus and clumps of heterochromatin. Among the unusual morphological characteristics of these oocytes are 'membranous aggregates', membrane-bound organelles containing a complex of convoluted membranes, some very dense rod-like structures and a droplet of moderate density which resembles lipid. A similar droplet is frequently found in mitochondria. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in many of these oocytes, forming parallel arrays and concentric rings around the nucleus. Folded membrane complexes, apparent elaborations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, are frequently found in the cytoplasm in continuity with cisternae of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and associated with vesicles which often contain flocculent material. The morphology of Cebus oocytes suggests a greater rate of steroid and protein synthesis, transport, and storage than is usually indicated by the ultrastructure of other mammalian oocytes. PMID- 811636 TI - In vitro activity of ticarcillin, carbenicillin and ampicillin against some gram negative bacilli. AB - alpha-Carboxy-3-thienylmethyl penicillin (ticarcillin) is a relatively new semisynthetic penicillin which is more active than carbenillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the strains tested, those isolated from the respiratory tract showed an increased susceptibility to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. As with carbenicillin, synergistic activity against P. aeruginosa could be demonstrated with ticarcillin in combination with gentamicin. Like other penicillins, the antibacterial activity was influenced by the inoculum size. The antibacterial activity of ticarcillin showed the compound to be almost equally active with carbenicillin and ampicillin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes, but less active than acrbenicillin and ampicillin against indole negative Proteus strains. Regarding the indole-positive Proteus species, at relatively low antibiotic concentrations the proportion of strains sensitive to ticarcillin was greater than to carbenicillin or ampicillin whereas at relatively high antibiotic concentrations the converse was the case. It is interesting to note that a high proportion of strains of E. coli and K. aerogenes were resistant to the three penicillins even at a concentration of 200 mug/ml, while 70% of Proteus strains were inhibited by these drugs at the same concentration. Disc susceptibility tests with ticarcillin were carried out according to BAUER-KIRBY method. PMID- 811635 TI - The histochemistry of armadillo skin. AB - The histochemistry of armadillo skin has been studied. The dendritic cells are extremely large, very sharply outlined by methods for alkaline phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase, and they are dopa-negative. The mastocytes, however, are dopa-oxidase-positive, probably due to peroxidase rather than tyrosinase activity. The giant cells of the granulomas normally seen in the dermis of the armadillo are strongly beta-glucuronidase-positive. These giant cells are evidently foreign body cells reacting to the crystals always present in the dermis of the armadillo. The centre of these crystals, which are cholesterol and fat-negative, is alkaline phosphatase-positive. Further study of the mastocytes and dendritic cells is necessary to elucidate their nature. PMID- 811637 TI - Absorption of two antibacterial drugs, cephalexin and co-trimoxazole, in malabsorption syndromes. PMID- 811638 TI - Chromatographic methods for the analysis of hexachlorobenzene and possible metabolites in monkey fecal samples. AB - The separation and identification of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by thin layer, high-pressure liquid, and gas chromatography are reported. Satisfactory results were obtained with reverse phase thin layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The 2 gas chromatographic columns tested gave adequate separation of HCB and QCB. A PCP methylation process using dimethyl sulfate was attempted. Procedures are presented for extraction, cleanup, separation, and identification of HCB and possible metabolites from feces of a rhesus monkey treated with 14C-HCB. Recovery of radioactivity in excess of 96% was attained in extracts from feces by these methods. Preliminary evidence suggests the formation of PCP and possibly other polar metabolites from HCB in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 811639 TI - IUPAC Commission on the development, improvement, and standardization of methods of pesticide residue analysis. PMID- 811640 TI - Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of children with asthma. AB - We have reported our experience with cromolyn sodium in the management of fifteen children with chronic, intractable asthma. The overall improvement in 80% of children is in accordance with some of the studies reported in the literature. The most significant effect of the drug was in either reducing the dose of steroid needed for management or eliminating its requirement by the patient. PMID- 811641 TI - Editorial: Is L-dopa the final answer? PMID- 811642 TI - A pilot study of oral vitamin D2 in epileptics on anticonvulsants. PMID- 811644 TI - Identification of poly-gamma-glutamyl chain lengths in folates of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis strains 168 met ile leu and 23 thy contain folates which differ from one another in the number of glutamyl residues. The folate species were identified by reductive cleavage to the corresponding p-aminobenzoylglutamyl poly gamma-glutamates and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. Pteroyltriglutamate is the predominant folate type, accounting for 86 to 88% of the total. Pteroyltetraglutamate is the only other type present in appreciable quantities, accounting for 5 to 6% of the total folates. Pteroyldiglutamate and pteroylpentaglutamate are present in small amounts, accounting for 1 to 3% and 1% of the total folates, respectively. Strain 168 met ile leu contains a very small amount of pteroylmonoglutamate (less than 0.5% of the total folates), but the other strain contains none. PMID- 811643 TI - Isolation of 30S and 50S active ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis, Marburg strain. AB - Active 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits were isolated from Bacillus subtilis. These subunits were able to perform not only protein synthesis in the presence of artificial or natural messenger ribonucleic acid but also the specific functions characteristic of each of the subunits. Thus the 30S subunits alone are able to bind formyl-methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid, and the 50S subunits carry the peptidyl transferase activity. PMID- 811645 TI - Intrageneric transformation of neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria perflava to streptomycin resistance and nutritional independence. AB - Auxotrophic mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria perflava were transformed to prototrophy using homologous and heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Within either species the efficiencies of transformation for nutritional markers were found to be very similar to the values obtained for transformation to streptomycin resistance. The number of transformants in the interspecific N. perflava (donor) - - leads to N. gonorrhoeae (recipient) cross was 100-fold lower than the number obtained in the intraspecific N. gonorrhoeae - - leads to N. gonorrhoeae cross for streptomycin resistance, as well as for several nutritional markers. In the reciprocal experiment the difference in the number of transformants in the interspecific N. gonorrhoeae - - leads to N. perflava cross and the number obtained in the intraspecific N. perflava - - leads to N. perflava cross varied from 600 to 1,000-fold for the streptomycin resistance marker. Of greater interest was the finding that N. perflava auxotrophs, although transformable to prototrophy with wild-type N. perflava DNA, were not transformed to nutritional independence by gnoncoccal DNA. These same mutants were transformable to streptomycin resistance using the heterologous gonococcal DNA. When the DNAs of N. meningitidis, N. flava, and N. lactamicus were used to transform N. gonorrhoeae to prototrophy or streptomycin resistance, the transformation frequencies obtained fell along a gradient that in general reflected taxonomic relationships. On the other hand, with N. perflava as the recipient for these same DNAs, only N. flava DNA could transform auxotrophs to prototrophy, although transformation to streptomycin resistance occurred in all cases. DNA from N. perflava - - leads to N. gonorrheae streptomycin-resistant or Ade+ intergenotic transformants transformed N. gonorrhoeae cells at a 100-fold higher efficiency than did DNA from N. perflava. Our findings suggest that (i) N. gonorrhoeae and N. perflava are more closely related than hitherto suspected and (ii) N. perflava is more selective with respect to heterologous DNA than is N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 811646 TI - Heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid uptake and complexing with cellular constituents in competent Bacillus subtilis. AB - With competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis the uptake of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is about 50% that for homologous DNA. Uptake of phage T6 DNA, if any, is of the order of 7%, while nonglucosylated phage T6 (T6) DNA is taken up almost as effectively as homologous DNA. Both T6 and T4 DNA interfere only minimally with uptake of homologous DNA; by contrast, T6 DNA competes with homologous DNA as effectively as the latter itself. These results indicate that the glucose residues in the T-even phage DNA, located in the large groove of the DNA helix, reduce affinity for cellular receptors, leading to low binding of T6 DNA. The latter DNA is considerably less degraded by extracellular nucleases than homologous DNA, thus excluding enzymatic hydrolysis as the source of poor uptake. Affinity of DNA for competent cells was also evaluated by the formation, and detection in a CsCl density gradient, of complexes of DNA with cellular constituent(s). Such comlexes, similar to those previously observed with transforming DNA, are formed by E. coli DNA and T6 DNA; in reconstruction experiments the denatured forms of these same DNA samples form complexes when added to the cells before lysis. T6 DNA, on the other hand, does not form such a complex. The possible role of such complexes in transport of DNA to the cell interior is discussed. PMID- 811647 TI - Cross-reactivity of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid ligases from different microorganisms. AB - The cross-reaction of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) ligases from different microorganisms with antibodies raised against the purified enzyme from Escherichia coli has been investigated. The results of immunotitration and immunodiffusion experiments and of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates revealed: (i) a high degree of immunochemical identity of this enzyme only within the family Enterobacteriaceae; (ii) intermediate-to-weak cross-reaction with the phenylalanyl-tRNA ligases from Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, and Bacillus stearothermophilus; (iii) no detectable cross-reaction (with the methods employed) with the enzymes from several gram-positive organisms, Euglena gracilis, and several fungi. As revealed by immunochemical analysis, a merodiploid strain of E. coli carrying an episome (F148) that covers the aroD region of the E. coli chromosome possesses at least twice the amount of phenylalanyl-tRNA ligase in comparison with its haploid parent strain. This suggests that the cistrons for both the alpha and beta polypeptides of this enzyme are mapping in this area. PMID- 811649 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of fruiting body formation by myxobacteria. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow fruiting body formation by pure cultures of Chondromyces crocatus M38 and Stigmatella aurantica. Vegetative cells were grown on SP agar and then transferred to Bonner salts agar for fructification. Fruiting in both species commences with the formation of aggregation centers which resemble a fried egg in appearance. In Chondromyces the elevated center or "yolk" region of the aggregation enlarges into a bulbous structure under which the stalk forms and lengthens. At maximum stalk height the bulb extends laterally as bud-like swellings appear. These are immature sporangia and are arranged in a distintive radial pattern around the top of the stalk. This symmetry is lost as more sporangia are formed. Stigmatella does not form a bulb; rather the yolk region of the aggregation center projects upward to form a column like stalk which is nearly uniform in diameter throughout its length. At maximum stalk height, the terminus of the stalk develops an irregular pattern of bud-like swellings. These differentiate into sporangia. Stalks of 2-week-old mature fruiting bodies of both species appear to be cellular in composition. Stereomicrographs suggest orientation of these cells parallel to the long axis of the stalk. Stalks of 8-week-old fruiting bodies of Chondromyces were acellular and consisted of empty tubules, suggesting that the cells undergo degeneration with aging of the fruiting body. PMID- 811648 TI - Defective pyocin particles produced by some mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, defective in the production of active R-type pyocins, were isolated from pyocinogenic strains and their products were characterized. Polysheath-like structures were found in induced lysates of 29 out of 42 mutants. Two mutants (strain P15-16 and M189) were found to produce special defective particles, which were characterized in detail. The other 11 mutants did not produce significant amounts of any structure visible under an electron microscope. Serum blocking powers were found in lysates from P15-16 and M189 to significant amounts. Defective particle produced by strain P15-16 lacked the sheath component, whereas M189 had morphological defects at the junction between sheath and baseplate, and also in the architecture of baseplate. Both defective particles could adsorb to the surface of bacteria, that were sensitive to pyocin, at the tip of their fibers without killing cells. All M189 particles attached to the bacteria had the extended sheaths. Therefore, attachment to the bacteria by fibers is not sufficient to kill cells, and contraction of sheath must occur after the initial adsorption by fibers for pyocin to express its biological activity. Defective particles of strain P15-16, which was derived from strain P15 (a pyocin R1 producer), could be converted to active forms by an in vitro complementation reaction with extracts from certain mutants originated from strain PAO (a pyocin R2 producer). This result indicated the exchangeability of components between R-type pyocins belonging to the different groups. PMID- 811651 TI - Bacterial sporulation and regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase in ribonucleic acid polymerase mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The activity of dihydrodipicolinate synthase increased late in sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Mutants blocked at several stages of sporulation due to having an altered ribonucleic acid polymerase failed to exhibit this increase. PMID- 811650 TI - Comparison of lipopolysaccharides from Agmenellum quadruplicatum to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by using thin-layer chromatography. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from the unicellular blue-green bacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum using the procedure of Westphal and Jann (1965). It was composed of a lipid A and polysaccharide region suggesting a similarity to other gram-negative LPSs. Chemical analyses demonstrated the presence of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and xylose in the polysaccharide region, as well as 2-keto-3 deoxyoctonate, glucosamine, and phosphorous in the lipid A. Studies on the lipid composition revealed the presence of palmitic, behenic, and three beta-hydroxy fatty acids. A new procedure for thin-layer chromatography of bacterial LPSs was used to compare LPS from A. quadruplicatum to other gram-negative organisms. The method is capable of distinguishing between LPSs of different bacteria as well as between the wild-type organism and mutated forms unable to synthesize complete LPS. A comparison of LPS from A. quadruplicatum to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium demonstrated that, although the blue-green LPS was rather similar to that of the Enterobacteriaceae, distinct differences also existed. However, when several cell division mutants of A. quadruplicatum were compared chromatographically to the parent strain BG-1, no differences were observed. This suggests that cell division mutations in A. quadruplicatum are not associated with changes in the LPS. PMID- 811653 TI - Preferential inhibition of lipid synthesis by the bacteriocin pyocin S2. AB - The effects of pyocin S2, a bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M47, on several processes in susceptible bacterium have been examined. Lipid synthesis, measured in terms of [32P]phosphate, [14C]acetate or [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into lipid fractions, was halted almost completely soon after pyocin S2 addition. When cell suspensions were treated with various amounts of pyocin S2, the extent of inhibition of lipid synthesis was proportional to the ratio of killed bacteria. Protein synthesis was not essential for the inhibition. Degradation of lipid due to pyocin S2 was not detected. Pyocin S2 also affected protein and nucleic acid syntheses, but these inhibitions appeared with a delay of about 10 min after the cessation of lipid synthesis. The effect of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] on the viability of cells which had adsorbed pyocin S2 was also investigated: the cells went through a period when the destruction of pyocin S2 by trypsin restored the colony-forming ability of the cells (stage I). Then transition to a second state in which the cells lost viability irrespective of trypsin treatment (stage II) took place. The transition from stage I to stage II depended on the energy metabolism of the cells and followed first-order kinetics with a rate proportional to the number of killing units of adsorbed pyocin S2. The residual capacity for lipid synthesis in cells which had adsorbed pyocin S2 after trypsin treatment at various times indicated that lipid synthesis was inhibited only in the cells at stage II of pyocin S2 action. PMID- 811652 TI - Carbohydrate accumulation during myxospore formation in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - During glycerol-induced myxospore formation in Myxococcus xanthus, cellular neutral polysaccharide increases by approximately 200%, respiration decreases by 80%, and net phospholipid synthesis ceases. PMID- 811654 TI - Purification and properties of an acidic protein from rat skin. AB - An acidic protein, extractable in neutral salt solutions from rat skin, was markedly enriched when precipitated by dialysis against 0.5 M acetic acid. After dissolving the precipitate in 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, the protein was disaggregated by the addition of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 columns. The protein isolated under nondenaturing conditions appeared to be essentially homogeneous by its migration as a single band on (a) cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis at pH 8.6; (B) 4% and 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at ph 8.9; (C) sodium dodecyl sulfate (10%) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0; and by (d) its complete freedom from collagen, the major contaminating protein. The molecular weight of the protein was determined as 76,000 +/- 2,000 from its electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and 75,000 from its elution volume in Sephadex G-100 columns. Reduction and alkylation of the protein failed to generate smaller subunits. The amino acid composition of the protein showed that it was relatively rich in glutamic and aspartic acids, which together comprised 25% of its total residues. Hydrophobic amino acids like phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, alanine, proline, and cystine accounted for about 34% of the total residues in the protein. No free NH2 terminal amino acid could be detected in the purified protein by the dansylation method. Each mole of protein contained 11 mol of phosphate. Triton X-100 was necessary for achieving nondestructive disaggregation of the acidic protein. Each mole of protein bound about 3200 mol of Triton X-100 or 10 mol of Congo red. While the detergent binding could be reversed by dialysis, Congo red formed a stable complex with the protein. PMID- 811655 TI - Influence of cholesterol feeding on liver microsomal metabolism of steroids and bile acids in conventional and germ-free rats. AB - The present investigation has aimed at defining the factor responsible for the differences in microsomal metabolism of steroids between germ-free and conventional rats. Cholesterol, cholic acid, taurocholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid were fed to conventional and germ-free male rats and the effects on liver microsomal metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione, 5alpha [4-14C]androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, [4-14C]-cholesterol, 7alpha-hydroxy-4 [6beta-3H]cholesten-3-one, and [24-14C]lithocholic acid were studied. The most consistent effects were found with dietary cholesterol that stimulated the activities of several of the hydroxylases active on 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol and that decreased the 5alpha reduction of 4 androstene-3,17-dione, increased the 7alpha hydroxylation of cholesterol, decreased the 12alpha hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and increased by 6beta hydroxylation of lithocholic acid. These effects of cholesterol feeding on the microsomal metabolism of steroids in conventional rats made the pattern of microsomal enzyme activities resemble that characteristic of germ-free rats. Cholesterol feeding led to a pronounced increase in the intestinal concentration of beta-muricholic acid in conventional rats. Furthermore, cholesterol feeding to conventional animals led to an intestinal ratio of chenodeoxycholic acid (including its metabolites alpha- and beta muricholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid) to cholic acid (including deoxycholic acid) that was almost identical to that in germ-free rats. Conventionalization of germ-free rats for a period of up to 56 days led only to a partial normalization of the liver microsomal metabolism of 5alpha-[4-14C]androstane-3alpha, 17beta diol and 7alpha-hydroxy-4-[6beta-3H]cholesten-3-one and of the liver microsomal concentration of cytochrome P-450. The concentration of cholesterol was higher in both total liver homogenate and liver microsomal fraction of germ-free rats than in corresponding preparations from conventional rats. In conclusion, it is suggested that cholesterol is one of the factors responsible for the different microsomal metabolism of steroids in germ-free and conventional rats. It is also suggested that cholesterol may play a role as regulator of microsomal enzyme activities. PMID- 811656 TI - Co-oxygenation of organic substrates by the prostaglandin synthetase of sheep vesicular gland. AB - The microsomal fraction of sheep vesicular glands has been found to oxygenate 1,3 diphenylisobenzofuran, luminol, and the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzopyrene when incubated with arachidonic acid. The oxygenations demonstrate an absolute dependence on enzyme and fatty acid and can be completely inhibited by indomethacin and 2,3-dimercaproptopanol, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase. The oxygenations can also be stimulated by the hydroperoxy endoperoxide, prostaglandin G2, and 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid. These latter reactions are not inhibited by indomethacin or dimercaptopropanol but do require the microsomal enzyme system. The involvement of superoxide anion in the transformations could not be demonstrated. The oxygenations occurring in the presence of arachidonic acid appear to arise via the interaction of a microsomal enzyme system with hydroperoxide intermediates of prostaglandin biosynthesis. The ability of various sulfur reagents (reduced glutathione, alpha-lipoic acid, methional) to inhibit co-oxygenation is probably related to their ability to stimulate the conversion of the intermediate to prostaglandins. PMID- 811657 TI - The purification, composition, and specificity of the anti-T lectin from peanut (Arachis hypogaea). AB - Peanut agglutinin was purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-epsilon aminocaproyl-beta-D-galactopyranosylamine. The purified lectin obtained in a yield of 150 mg/100 g of defatted peanut was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and gel filtration. This intrinsic sedimentation coefficient (So20,w) and the intrinsic diffusion coefficient (Do20,w) were estimated at pH 7.4 as 5.7 +/- 0.1 S and 5.0 X 10(-7) cm2s(-1), respectively. The molecular weight of the agglutinin, determined by sedimentation and diffusion and by gel filtration, was found to be 110,000. Disc gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, both in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, gave a single component of Mr = 27,500 suggesting that the lectin is a tetramer composed of four subunits. Four alanine residues per 110,000 g were found by NH2-terminal analysis and the sequence of the five NH2-terminal amino acids was: ALa-Glu-Ser-Val-Thr. Each cycle in a sequenator gave a single amino acid, suggesting that the four subunits are identical. Peanut agglutinin does not contain covalently bound sugar; it is devoid of cysteine and cystine, low in methionine, histidine, and tryptophan, but rich in acidic and hydroxyamino acids. The lectin agglutinated erthrocytes of human ABO blood types equally well, but only after they have been treated with neuraminidase. Of the monosaccharides tested for inhibition of hemagglutination only D-galactose and alpha- and beta-D galactosides were active. High inhibitory activity was found with the Discaccharide DGalbeta(1 in equilibrium 3)DGalNAc and with the disialylated glycoproteins: alpha1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, glycophorin, and human blood group NN or MM antigen. These desialylated glycoproteins also reacted with the lectin to form precipitin bands in Ouchterlony double diffusion in agar. PMID- 811658 TI - Studies on thyroid hormone-binding proteins. II. Binding of thyroid hormones, retinol-binding protein, and fluorescent probes to prealbumin and effects of thyroxine on prealbumin subunit self association. AB - Vitamin A in human plasma is transported by its specific carrier protein, the retinol-binding protein. Under physiological conditions the protein forms a stable protein-protein complex with the tetrameric plasma protein, the thyroxine binding prealbumin. Human prealbumin was shown to interact with the fluorescent probes 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6 sulfonate (TNS). ANS bound to the protein at two independent sites with the apparent association constant 3 X 10(5) M-1, whereas TNS interacted with a single site with the binding constant 5 X 10(k) M-1. The fluorescent yield of protein bound ANS was 0.95, a more than 200-fold enhancement compared with that of ANS in aqueous solutions. TNS enhanced its quantum yield nearly 500-fold to 0.37. On addition of thyroid hormones the fluorescent probes could be quantitatively displaced from the protein. This finding suggested that triiodthyronine, thyroxine, and the probes bound to a common site in prealbumin, which is likely to have a strongly hydrophobic character. The association constants for the interaction between prealbumin and the thyroid hormones could be calculated by using the hormones as competitive inhibitors in the TNS-prealbumin titrations. The data from the competition experiments together with those obtained from equilibrium dialysis revealed one major hormone binding site on the protein. The calculated association constant were 9 X 10(6) M-1 and 1 X 10(8) M-1 for triiodothyronine and thyroxine, respectively. Prealbumin monomers were bound to Sepharose by covalent attachment, and their properties were examined. Evidence was obtained demonstrating that the retinol-binding protein could interact with a single subunit of prealbumin. The estimated apparent association constant for the interaction of the protein and the matrix-bound monomeric prealbumin was 3 X 10(4) M-1, approximately 250-fold lower than that measured for protein and matrix bound tetrameric prealbumin. The data, however, strongly suggest that there are four retinol-binding protein sites per prealbumin molecule. Using the technique of sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation the prealbumin subunit self association has been studied. The energy of the interaction for the prealbumin subunits is very high, and various concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride has to be used to perturb the equilibrium. All experiments indicated that prealbumin dissociates directly into monomers without the presence of intermediate forms. Thyroxine perturbed the chemical equilibrium of the prealbumin monomer-tetramer system by strengthening the interaction between the subunits. PMID- 811659 TI - Structural studies on rabbit muscle glycogen synthase. I. Subunit composition. AB - Essentially glycogen-free, fully converted rabbit muscle glycogen synthase I and D forms were purified to a specific activity of 30 approximately 35 units/mg, higher than that previously reported. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the synthase I and D forms in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed two species with molecular weights of 85,000 and 81,000 (I form) and one species with molecular weight of 85,000 (D form), respectively. The 81,000 subunit of the synthase I form is a product of proteolysis, since its proportion decreased when the enzyme was purified in the presence of a proteinase inhibitor and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. Two-dimensional chromatography and high voltage electrophoretic maps of the peptides produced by exhaustive tryptic digestion of synthase I and D forms gave 78 and 85 peptides, respectively. These values agreed with the expected theoretical number of peptides assuming that the molecular weight of the enzyme subunit is 85,000 based on the analytical data of arginine and lysine content. Pro-Leu- was found as the NH2-terminal dipeptide sequence of synthase D form by the dansyl Edman method. The automated sequential degradation of synthase I form by the method of Edman provided the following NH2-terminal octapeptide sequence: Pro-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-Leu Ser-Val-. The molecular weight of the subunit was also determined to be 80,000 approximately 90,000 by the quantitative analysis of phenylthiohydantoinproline. The purified synthase I and D forms each show two protein bands on gel electrophoresis in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, which were also found to be enzymatically active by employing an activity stain directly on the gels. The molecular species of the I and D forms have molecular weights of 155,000 and 340,000 (I form), and 278,000 and 350,000 (D form), respectively, as measured by gel electrophoresis. Thus, the native synthase I and D forms as visualized on gels under these conditions consist of dimer and tetramer, and trimer and tetramer, respectively. PMID- 811660 TI - Structural studies on rabbit muscle glycogen synthase. II. Limited proteolysis. AB - Limited tryptic digestion of either synthase I or D forms resulted in the appearance of a new glucose 6-phosphate-dependent form which was composed of 75,000 molecular weight subunits. Early in tryptic digestion, an intermediate 78,000 subunit was also observed with both forms of the enzyme. The NH2-terminal dipeptide sequence of the 75,000 subunit of both forms was the same as that of the original 85,000 subunit (Pro-Leu-) indicating degradation at or near the COOH terminal end without affecting the NH2-terminal end. Studies interrelating loss of organic phosphate, increase in glucose 6-phosphate dependency, and retention of the NH2-terminal sequence during limited tryptic digestion suggest that there are phosphorylation sites at or near the COOH-terminal, as well as sites within the core of the subunit, which are of importance in the synthase I to D form interconversion reaction via phosphorylation. The pathway of limited tryptic proteolysis of either synthase I or D forms was the same as judged by the molecular weights of the subunit intermediates: 85,000 leads to 78,000 leads to 75,000. A Ca2+-stimulated proteinase activity was also detected in some highly purified preparations of the synthase D form, which led to the appearance of subunits of molecular weight 78,000 and 75,000 together with phosphopeptide(s). These findings suggest that the pathway of proteolysis of the Ca2+-stimulated proteinase is similar to that of trypsin. PMID- 811661 TI - Vitellogenin synthesis in the avian liver. Vitellogenin is the precursor of the egg yolk phosphoproteins. AB - Administration of estrogen to roosters induces the synthesis of egg yolk phosphoproteins in the liver. We have demonstrated that these proteins are synthesized in the form of a large precursor, vitellogenin, and that vitellogenin is the only phosphoprotein found in the plasma of the estrogen-treated rooster. Vitellogenin is cleaved to form the egg yolk phosphoproteins, lipovitellin, and phosvitin. We have purified vitellogenin to hemogeneity by two methods: chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-52-cellulose and affinity chromatography on an antibody-Sepharose column. Antibodies were elicited in rabbits and sheep by immunization with vitellogenin and lipovitellin, and these antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography on antigen-Sepharose columns. We found that phosvitin was not immunogenic in its native form or in any of the large variety of modified forms we have tested. We have determined the molecular weights of native and denatured vitellogenin and have examined the immunological relationship between vitellogenin and lipovitellin. On the basis of these studies, together with data from phosphate analyses, we suggest that avian vitellogenin is composed of two polypeptides, each of which has a molecular weight of approximately 240,000 and contains within it lipovitellin and two phosvitins. PMID- 811662 TI - RNA polymerase from sporulating Bacillus subtilis. Purification and properties of a modified form of the enzyme containing two sporulation polypeptides. AB - A new form of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase termed enzyme III has been purified from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. In addition to the subunits of core RNA polymerase (beta', beta, alpha, and omega), enzyme III contains sporulation specific polypeptides of 85,000 (P85) and 27,000 (P27) daltons. P85 corresponds to an RNA polymerase-binding protein previously identified by precipitation of RNA polymerase from crude extracts of sporulating cells with antibody directed against core enzyme. Both P85 and P27 co-purified with RNA polymerase highly purified by gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, and glycerol gradient centrifugation. Enzyme III bound more tightly to phosphocellulose and sedimented more rapidly during zone centrifugation than did RNA polymerase lacking the sporulation polypeptides. RNA polymerase containing P85 and P27 transcribed B. subtilis DNA about 4.5 times more actively than did core RNA polymerase, although both enzymes exhibited similar activities with poly(dA-dT) and phage phie DNA as templates. Enzyme III and core RNA polymerase also differed in their response to increasing concentrations of Mg2+ and KCl. PMID- 811663 TI - Calcium-dependent stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose uptake in rat thymocytes by the divalent cation ionophore A23187. AB - A23187 (0.2 TO 1.0 Nmol/mg of cell protein) stimulates the transport of 3-O methylglucose by rat thymocytes more than 2-fold within 10 min in the presence of 1.9 mM Ca2+. Under these conditions, Ca2+ uptake by the cells increases 3- to 10 fold. The ionophore is less effective at lower Ca2+ concentrations and it has no effect on 3-O-methylglucose uptake when ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) is present in excess over Ca2+. Excess EGTA does not reduce the elevated rates of 3-O-methylglucose transport in cells already stimulated with A23187 on 3-O-methylglucose transport is completely blocked by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. The results suggest that elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations activate some ATP-dependent mechanism that modifies the glucose transport system in a manner that is not readily reversible. PMID- 811664 TI - Comparison of the arginine esteropeptidases associated with the nerve and epidermal growth factor. AB - The nerve growth factor (NGF) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) of the male mouse submaxillary gland are found in association with arginine esteropeptidases. These enzymes, the gamma subunits of 7 S NGF and the EGF-binding protein, respectively, have similar molecular weights, amino acid compositions, and substrate specificities (Greene, L. A., Shooter, E. M., and Varon, S. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 3735-3741; Taylor, J.M., Mitchell, W. M., and Cohen, S. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 21-8-2194). Although on the basis of molecular weight, the EGF binding protein has a peptide chain composition similar to that of the gamma3 subunit, it does not have the same isoelectric point nor electrophoretic properties as the subunit. In urea, its isoelectric point differs from those of the gamma1, gamma2, and gamma3 subunits. The EGF-binding protein has antigenic determinants not shared by the gamma subunits and vice versa. It also fails to replace the gamma subunits in the formation of 7 S NGF points to the specificity of this complex and supports the hypothesis that the nerve and epidermal growth factors are generated from larger precursors by the proteolytic action of their respective arginine esteropeptidases. PMID- 811666 TI - Self-contained photographic immunogram recording apparatus (SPIRA). PMID- 811665 TI - An endo-alpha1 leads to 6-D-mannanase from a soil bacterium. Purification, properties, and mode of action. AB - A soil organism, isolated by enrichment culture on unbranched alpha1 leads to 6 mannan backbone from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, secretes and endo-alpha1 leads to 6-mannanase. We have purified this mannanase to homogeneity and find it to consist of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 131,000. The enzyme is unusually heat-stable and appears to be highly extended in shape, possessing very little alpha helicity but with a high proportion of beta structure. The mannanase acts on unbranched alpha1 leads to 6-mannan to produce mannose and alpha1 leads to 6-mannobiose, with the intermediate formation of alpha1 leads to 6-mannooligosaccharides of various sizes. Calcium ion is required for full activity. The smallest substrate is the alpha1 leads to 6-mannotriose, whereas the reduced mannotriose is an inhibitor. The combining site appears to encompass 6 to 8 mannose units. PMID- 811667 TI - Morphological changes in the articular cartilage after meniscectomy. An experimental study in the monkey. AB - The medial meniscus was resected from the right knees of twelve young grivet monkeys that were killed at intervals of twenty-one to 252 days after operation. The knees operated upon and the control knees were investigated radiologically and histologically. Degenerative changes occurred in the medial femoral and tibial condyles. At first there was loss of cells from the superficial layer of the articular cartilage, with a marked decrease in the acid mucopolysaccharide content of the matrix. The chondrocytes in the deeper layer of the non-calcified zone proliferated to form clones before finally degenerating. The acellular cartilage showed splitting, and with progress of the degenerative process there was thinning and erosion of the cartilage. Eventually there was complete loss of articular cartilage with thickening and exposure of the subchondral bone. These degenerative changes were confined to a small area of the articular cartilage and had occurred despite regeneration of the meniscus. The rest of the cartilage looked normal. It is concluded that articular cartilage deprived of the protection of a meniscus may undergo arthritic changes. PMID- 811668 TI - Anomalous lateral and inferior position of the external carotid artery: case report. PMID- 811669 TI - Effect of cell population density on G2 arrest in Tetrahymena. AB - The ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL-C, has been used to study the effect of cell population density during starvation on the synchrony obtained after refeeding and on the number of cells arrested in G2 phase of the cell cycle. At high cell densities two peaks of division indices were observed after refeeding while only one was observed at low cell densities. Cell division began earlier in cultures starved at high cell densities. Most importantly, the proportion of cells in G2 was considerably higher in populations starved at high cell densities. When tritiated thymidine was present during the refeeding period, radioautographs of cell samples at different times showed that the first cells to exhibit division furrows contained unlabeled nuclei. The first peak in the division index after refeeding was observed only at higher cell densities and is attributed to the cells arrested in G2. These results suggest that Tetrahymena is an excellent organism to study the concept of resting stages in the cell cycle and their control. PMID- 811670 TI - Study on the reinitiation of transcription in 37 RC cells after actinomycin D inhibition. Spectrum of major RNA species resynthesized after maximal suppression by the drug. AB - The reinitiation of the synthesis of major RNA species has been studied in 37 RC cells after maximal inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D (AMD). During the period of recovery from AMD, resynthesized RNA (rec-RNA) is initially composed of almost exclusively light (4-14S) heterogeneous RNA species. All normal species of RNA can be detected in the rec-RNA spectrum as early as 3 h after AMD removal. The synthesis of low molecular weight methylated RNA species increases slightly during the early period after AMD removal, while the increase of low molecular weight unmethylated species is more significant during the same period. Much of the radioactivity in the polyribosomal fraction is EDTA and puromycin sensitive. Since polysomal, puromycin-sensitive RNA is polyadenylated (as evidenced by the binding of poly-U filters), and is heterogenous in size, it belongs to the m-RNA class. The synthesis of m-RNA increases immediately after AMD removal, whereas the reinitiation of the r-RNA synthesis occurs after a lag period of about 2 h. The kinetics of recovery of the synthesis of major RNA species from AMD inhibition show a size dependency comparable to the size-related sensitivity to AMD inhibition in other cellular systems. This dependency is most clearly seen in HnRNA, the AMD sensitivity of which is measured by the length of the lag period between AMD removal and the appearance of HnRNA fractions in a sucrose density gradient. Low molecular weight HnRNA reappears first, whereas heavier fractions of HnRNA appear in the spectrum after a lag period, the length of which is in direct relation to the position of the HnRNA fraction in the gradient. PMID- 811671 TI - Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. AB - Fractionation of MOPC 41 DL-1 tumors revealed that the mRNA for the light chain of immunoglobulin is localized exclusively in membrane-bound ribosomes. It was shown that the translation product of isolated light chain mRNA in a heterologous protein-synthesizing system in vitro is larger than the authentic secreted light chain; this confirms similar results from several laboratories. The synthesis in vitro of a precursor protein of the light chain is not an artifact of translation in a heterologous system, because it was shown that detached polysomes, isolated from detergent-treated rough microsomes, not only contain nascent light chains which have already been proteolytically processed in vivo but also contain unprocessed nascent light chains. In vitro completion of these nascent light chains thus resulted in the synthesis of some chains having the same mol wt as the authentic secreted light chains, because of completion of in vivo proteolytically processed chains and of other chains which, due to the completion of unprocessed chains, have the same mol wt as the precursor of the light chain. In contrast, completion of the nascent light chains contained in rough microsomes resulted in the synthesis of only processed light chains. Taken together, these results indicate that the processing activity is present in isolated rough microsomes, that it is localized in the membrane moiety of rough microsomes, and, therefore, that it was most likely solubilized during detergent treatment used for the isolation of detached polysomes. Furthermore, these results established that processing in vivo takes place before completion of the nascent chain. The data also indicate that in vitro processing of nascent chains by rough microsomes is dependent on ribosome binding to the membrane. If the latter process is interfered with by aurintricarboxylic acid, rough microsomes also synthesize some unprocessed chains. The data presented in this paper have been interpreted in the light of a recently proposed hypothesis. This hypothesis, referred to as the signal hypothesis, is described in greater detail in the Discussion section. PMID- 811672 TI - Transfer of proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components. AB - The data presented in this paper demonstrate that native small ribosomal subunits from reticulocytes (containing initiation factors) and large ribosomal subunits derived from free polysomes of reticulocytes by the puromycin-KCl procedures can function with stripped microsomes derived from dog pancreas rough microsomes in a protein-synthesizing system in vitro in response to added IgG light chain mRNA so as to segregate the translation product in a proteolysis-resistant space. No such segregation took place for the translation product of globin mRNA. In addition to their ability to segregate the translation product of a specific heterologous mRNA, native dog pancreas rough microsomes as well as derived stripped microsomes were able to proteolytically process the larger, primary translation product in an apparently correct manner, as evidenced by the identical mol wt of the segregated translation product and the authentic secreted light chain. Segregation as well as proteolytic processing by native and stripped microsomes occurred only during ongoing translation but not after completion of translation. Attempts to solubilize the proteolytic processing activity, presumably localized in the microsomal membrane by detergent treatment, and to achieve proteolytic processing of the completed light chain precursor protein failed. Taken together, these results establish unequivocally that the information for segregation of a translation product is encoded in the mRNA itself, not in the protein synthesizing apparatus; this provides strong evidence in support of the signal hypothesis. PMID- 811673 TI - A feedback control of cell cycle parameters in Tetrahymena. AB - Protein and RNA contents of individual cells were measured cytophotometrically and related to the duration of individual generation times. Constant amounts of RNA per cell at division, and generation time-dependent protein contents, resulted in generation time-specific RNA/protein ratios. Experimental reduction of these ratios by inhibition of RNA synthesis stimulated premature macronuclear S phases. PMID- 811674 TI - DNA replication in homogenates of Physarum polycephalum. AB - Homogenates of Physarum polycephalum incorporate [3H]dATP into nuclear DNA at an initial rate of approximately 15% of the in vivo rate. To attain this level of synthesis, cultures, are homogenized in a medium containing Mg++, EGTA, glucose and spermine. Incorporation is strongly stimulated by the addition of ATP and all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to homogenates prior to incubation. Various inorganic cations other than Mg++ either do not affect synthesis or are inhibitory. Incorporation is inhibited by a nonionic detergent, Triton X-100. DNA synthesis in this cell-free nuclear system is similar in several respects to that which occurs in vivo: (1) The rate of DNA synthesis in the intact organism at a given time in the mitotic cycle is reflected by the level of synthesis in homogenates prepared from cultures at that time of the cycle; (2) DNA strands labeled in vitro exhibit alkaline sucrose density gradient sedimentation properties similar to those of daughter-strand DNA pulse-labeled in vivo; and (3) Homogenates of cultures which were pre-treated with cycloheximide incorporate [3H]dATP at about 60% of the level observed in homogenates of untreated controls. PMID- 811675 TI - Polysomes from cultured muscle cells: the cell-free synthesis of myosin. AB - The results reported here have shown that there are significant differences between polysome patterns obtained from cultured cells and from freshly isolated muscle tissue. Polysomes from embryonic homogenates show different patterns with different levels of myosin synthesis, but this does not appear to be the case with cultured cells. Experiments utilizing cell-free protein synthesizing systems indicate that the polysomes isolated from myoblast cultures can synthesize myosin at levels similar to those obtained from myotube cultures, suggesting that the myoblasts contain significant amounts of the messenger RNA for myosin. In contrast, the polysomes isolated from BrdUrd-inhibited cultures synthesize a comparatively low level of myosin. These findings illustrate a significant difference between myoblasts and BrdUrd-inhibited cells. PMID- 811676 TI - Suppression of melanoma cell tyrosinase activity and tumorigenicity after incorporation of bromouracil for one or two cell divisions. AB - We have studied the kinetics of suppression of tyrosinase activity and tumorigenicity in unsynchronized B16 mouse melanoma cells (clone B559) exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 3 mug/ml) for one or two cell divisions, then cultured in BrdU-free medium (RM) for five or six days. Bromouracil replaced about 23% of thymine residues after 24 hours (1 cell division) and almost 40% after 48 hours (2 cell divisions) in the presence of BrdU. Upon subsequent growth in RM the extent of replacement declined in a manner consistent with dilution by new DNA synthesis, reaching 5-10% substitution by day 7 of these experiments. Tyrosinase activity was significantly reduced after treatment with BrdU for 24 or 48 hours but continued to decline after the cultures were changed to RM, approaching undetectable levels on day 7. The time course of reduction was similar to that previously determined in cells grown continuously for seven days in the presence of BrdU. Therefore, suppression of tyrosinase activity can result from incorporation of BrdU during a single cell cycle, but requires about seven days for full manifestation of the effect. Tumorigenicity decreased to 55% after 24 hours and to 15% after 48 hours with BrdU but rapidly reversed to approach that of untreated melanoma cells when subsequently grown in RM for 5-6 days. The effects of BrdU on total RNA or protein synthesis, or on plating efficiency appeared insufficient to account for the degree of suppression observed. Our results indicate that substitution by bromouracil into either strand of DNA loci controlling tyrosinase activity or tumorigenic potential may be sufficient for suppression. In addition, they demonstrate that such brief treatment with BrdU may be used to probe the regulation of differentiated function and tumorigenicity in these melanoma cells. PMID- 811677 TI - Spontaneous and induced membrane hyperpolarizations in macrophages. AB - The electrophysiological properties of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro were studied using standard intracellular recording techniques. The mean transmembrane potential, input resistance and time constant recorded from these cells were -13.1 mV, 143 Mohms, and 18 msec respectively. The majority of macrophages exhibited spontaneous hyperpolarizations (HA) of 4-8 seconds in duration and 10-50 mV in amplitude. Mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages manifested similar HA. HA could be induced by either mechanical stimulation or application of hyperpolarizing currents of 2-8 namps. HA had a mean reversal potential of -53 mV. Increasing the extracellular [K+] 10 fold resulted in a 50 mV shift in reversal potential. Addition of EGTA (1.5 mM) inhibited both spontaneous and evoked macrophage HA in the presence of excess Mg++. The divalent cation ionophore, A23187 induced prolongation of HA at low concentration (0.6 X 10(-6) M) and resulted in sustained hyperpolarization at higher concentration (2.0 X 10(-6) M). Addition to EGTA to cells treated with A23187 abolished HA. These data indicate that: (1) cultured macrophages from a variety of species exhibit spontaneous and induced HA, (2) development of HA is related to an increase in membrane permeability to K+, and (3) Ca++ may regulate the spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of the macrophage membrane presumably by affecting K+ permeability. PMID- 811678 TI - The localization of retinol-binding protein in rat liver by immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - The localization of immunoreactive retinol-binding protein (RBP) in rat liver was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. The study employed specific antisera to rat RBP prepared in a rabbit and in a sheep. The indirect, two-stage method of localizing tissue antigens was employed, and livers of both normal and vitamin A deficient rats were examined. Fab' fragments of immunoglobulins were used, to minimize non-specific labelling of the frozen sections of liver. With these techniques, the specific immune staining of RBP was observed within liver parenchymal cells. This staining appeared as both particulate and diffuse within the cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells, and was not concentrated within one region of the liver cell or lobule. Staining for RBP was not observed in nuclei or in cells other than parenchymal cells. Similar particulate and diffuse immune staining for RBP was observed in liver sections from both vitamin A-deficient and normal rats. More intense immune staining appeared to be present in the sections of vitamin A-deficient animals, in good correlation with the expected higher levels of RBP in deficient as compared to normal liver. When liver sections were exposed to an antiserum to rat albumin, instead of one to rat RBP, immune cytoplasmic staining was observed which was entirely of a diffuse nature, and did not appear particulate or granular. The findings suggest that RBP, unlike albumin, is localized in part within cytoplasmic vesicles or granules which are large enough to be detected with immunofluorescence, and which are present in livers of both normal and vitamin A-deficient animals. The nature of these putative RBP-containing particles remains to be explored. PMID- 811680 TI - [External fistulas of the small intestine]. PMID- 811679 TI - Formation of enantiomeric 4-oxa-2,6-diazabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-en-7-ones from methyl 6alpha- and 6beta-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanates. PMID- 811681 TI - Insolubilized Salmonella lipopolysaccharides as efficient immunoadsorbents for the preparation of specific Salmonella antisera. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from a single Salmonella serotype or a combination of serotypes were submitted to insolubilization by means of glutaraldehyde. Cross-linked LPS proved to be efficient immunoadsorbents. They were employed for the removal of cross-reacting anti-O antibodies from various Salmonella antisera. LPS immunoadsorbents offer a number of advantages over bacterial cells concerning the preparation of specific bacterial antisera: they regain the original antibody binding capacity after tryptic digestion of the anti LPS antibodies adsorbed and can be repeatedly used (15 times at least), adsorption of the sera is complete within 30 min, and the procedure is simplified. Prolonged storage (over 3 years) has no deleterious effect on the adsorption properties of the immunoadsorbents. Various applications of LPS immunoadsorbents are described. PMID- 811682 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic technique for rapid detection of bacterial phospholipases. AB - Silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 C for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as the sole lipid-soluble product. In none of the Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii strains tested could lecithinase activity be detected. Four among eight strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and one among 12 strains of Proteus tested produced negligible amounts of free fatty acid. PMID- 811683 TI - Conditions required for the attainment of colony-type stability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid culture. AB - Colony-type morphology in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated with virulence, transformability, and the presence or absence of pili. A reliable method for achieving large populations of cells that are relatively stable with respect to colony type would be valuable, for example, in studies of virulence or for the isolation of pilus-specific phages. Previously described methods designed to achieve type stability in liquid culture were inadequate for a variety of reasons, including their low final cell yields and/or their requirements for prolonged incubation. The success of the procedure described in this communication depends upon the use of an overnight plate harvest to insure a relatively large and stable inoculum for the liquid medium. Yields of as high as 10(10) colony-forming units/ml are routinely obtained after 4 to 5 h of incubation. Such cultures exhibit a colonial-type stability of 85 to 95% with respect to the original colonial type used for inoculation of the start plate. PMID- 811684 TI - Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a general hospital: a four-year study. AB - A retrospective study was done to determine the epidemiology of infection and/or colonization due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Brazilian general hospital. In 1966, 1968, and 1969, there were only two instances where probable cross contamination was shown; the remaining isolates were unrelated. In late 1971 the hospital experienced a marked increase in P. aeruginosa isolation. Contaminated dextrose solutions used in the infant feeding were the apparent cause of the problem which occurred in the premature and special care nurseries. A contaminated oxygen humidifying bottle was the source of a different outbreak in surgery. There was also evidence in four instances that cross-infection and/or contamination had occurred. Pyocin and serological typing revealed that many strains were involved and led to a clear understanding of the complex epidemiological relationships among all the strains. PMID- 811685 TI - Indirect hemagglutination test for human antibody to typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae. AB - An indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test is described that uses glutaraldehyde stabilized erythrocytes treated with a rickettsial erythrocyte-sensitizing substance obtained from Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia rickettsii. The serological reagent was stable for at least 3 months at room temperature and 6 months at 4 C. It exhibited group specificity and no group cross-reactivity. At a minimum dilution of 1:40, acute and early convalescent epidemic and murine typhus antisera showed 86% positive reactors, whereas similar spotted fever antisera had 74% positive reactors. In comparison with the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the IHA procedure gave lower titers but showed comparable detection of seroconversion with most paired sera. The IHA test demonstrated significantly higher titers than the complement fixation test and was more sensitive than either the complement fixation or Weil-Felix test in identifying seroconversion. No agglutination was observed when sensitized erythrocytes were tested with rodent sera known to contain rickettsial antibodies. PMID- 811686 TI - Comparison of four culture media for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a 2-year study. AB - Four media, Lowenstein-Jensen, Middlebrook, Petragnani, and ribonucleic acid, were tested for comparative ability to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specimens used included sputum, urine, tissue, and gastric washings. Three types of comparison were used: (i) comparison derived from randomized specimens; (ii) comparison of cultures from newly diagnosed cases that had received no prior therapy; and (iii) comparison of cultures from specimens whose initial direct smears were negative. Overall, ribonucleic acid medium performed best, but the differences among the four media were small. PMID- 811687 TI - Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro. AB - The abilities of 14 strains of aerobic gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli to adhere in vitro to human or canine aortic valve leaflets were compared. 2-mm sections of excised valve leaflets were obtained by punch biopsy and were incubated under standardized conditions in suspensions of bacteria. Valve sections were subsequently washed and homogenized, and quantitative techniques were used to determine the proportions of bacteria from the initial suspensions that had adhered to the valve sections. Comparable results were obtained when these adherence ratios were determined by two independent methods based either on measurements of bacterial viability or of radioactivity in 51Cr labeled bacteria. For each bacterial strain, the adherence ratio was constant over a wide range of concentrations of bacteria in the incubation medium. Strains of enterococci, viridans streptococci, coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (adherence ratios 0.003-0.017) were found to adhere more readily to valve sections than strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (adherence ratios 0.00002-0.00004). The organisms that most frequently cause bacterial endocarditis were found to adhere best to heart valves in vitro, suggesting that the ability to adhere to valvular endothelium may be an important or essential charcteristic of bacteria that cause endocarditis in man. PMID- 811688 TI - Hypoxic apnea and gasping. AB - We have tested the hypothesis that severe lypoxia causes apnea, regardless of the arterial CO2 and pH, and that extreme hypoxia causes gasping. Acute experiments with airway occlusion and with low inspired oxygen (FIo2) were performed on anesthetized adult dogs and monkeys. Arterial oxygen saturation was recorded continuously with fiberoptic oximetry, and Pco2 by an electrode catheter. In addition, blood samples were obtained for Po2, Pco2, and pH. Apnea was induced regularly when the Pao2 fell below 10 torr, whether the Paco2 was high with asphyxia (63 torr) or low (26 torr) with low FIo2. Similarly, the Pao2 at apnea was the same whether the pH was 7.17 with asphyxic hypoxia or 7.46 with hypoxic hypoxia. Gasping occurred at even lower Pao2 (below 5 torr) after 1 or 2 min of apnea. Gasping promptly restored the Pao2 to levels of moderate hypoxia (over 30 torr) which permitted resumption of regular respiration, with gradual elimination of the gasping. Fetal monkeys at term were studied in a similar manner from the moment of cord clamping. Their blood gases with apnea were quite similar to adult values in the narrow range of Pao2 and the wide range of Paco2 and pH. In the fetus, gasping was less immediately effective in improving arterial oxygen, but more persistent than in the adult. Regular respirations would not develop in the absence of oxygen in either the fetus or adult animal. PMID- 811689 TI - Effects of taurodihydrofusidate, a bile salt analogue, on bile formation and biliary lipid secretion in the rhesus monkey. AB - Bile salts play a major role in bile formation and biliary lipid secretion. Sodium taurodihydrofusidate (TDHF), a derivative of the antibiotic fusidic acid, closely resembles bile salts in terms of structure, micellar characteristics, and capacity ot solubilize otherwise insolbule lipids. We have therefore studied the biliary secretion of this bile salt analogue and its influence on bile formation and biliary lipid secretion in primates. Alert, unanesthetized female rhesus monkeys prepared with a total biliary fistula were allowed to reach a steady bile salt secretion rate before each study. In three animals (group I),[14C]TDHF was infused intravenously. Most of the compound was secreted rapidly in bile chemically unchanged. The biliary secretion of this drug produced a twofold increase in bile flow; however, the bile salt output was markedly reduced during the infusion. In spite of this reduction, the phospholipid output remained essentially unchanged whereas the cholesterol output increased almost twofold. In five other animals (group II), the effect of TDHF on the bile salt secretion was further investigated by an intravenous infusion of [14C]taurocholate followed by a combined infusion of [14C]taurocholate and TDHF. When TDHF was added to the infusate, a reduction in the [14C]taurocholate output and a progressive rise in the plasma [14C]taurocholate concentration were observed in each animal. An analysis of the data in both groups indicates that (a) the most likely explanation to account for the decreased bile salt output is that the bile salt analogue, TDHF, interfered with bile salt secretion into the biliary canaliculi; (b) TDHF induces a greater secretion of biliary water than was observed with bile salts, an effect consistent with a stimulation of the bile salt-independent canalicular flow; (c) at similar 3alpha-hydroxysteroid secretion rates TDHF caused a significant increase in cholesterol secretion compared to that induced by bile salt. This finding suggests that TDHF affects cholesterol metabolism or secretion in a way distinct from bile salts. Thus, the solubilization of biliary lipids in mixed micelles, although essential, is only one of the factors which determine their secretion into bile. PMID- 811690 TI - Plasma thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in the rat. Effect of thyroid excess and deficiency and cold exposure. AB - To investigate the physiology of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion from hypothalamus and brain, a method for measurement of peripheral plasma TRH concentrations in rats was developed. Blood was collected in heparin and dimercaptopropanol containing [3H]TRH to determine recovery. The plasma was extracted with methanol and the redissolved dried methanol extracts applied to anti-TRH Sepharose columns. These columns bound greater than 80% of 125I-TRH applied and had a capacity in excess of 20 ng TRH. TRH was eluted from the anti TRH Sepharose with acetic acid and quantitated by radioimmunoassay of the lyophilized acetic acid eluate. Mean recovery of unlabeled TRH was 44.7+/-6.1% (SD) and mean recovery of [3H]TRH was 44.0+/-4.0%. Mean plasma TRH concentrations, corrected for recovery, in plasma pools from eight groups of normal male rats (four to seven pools/experiment, five to seven rats/pool) ranged from 7 to 30 pg/ml (mean, 16). In experiments in which rats were given 5, 10, 15, 0r 50 mug thyroxine daily for 1 wk or in thyroidectomized rats, mean plasma TRH concentrations did not differ significantly from those of control animals sacrificed at the same time. In each experiment, four to seven plasma pools, each from five to seven rats, were processed from both control and experimental groups. No changes in plasma TRH concentrations were found in rats exposed to cold (4degreeC) for 30, 60, and 90-180 min. Signigicant increases in plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were found in all cold-exposed animals. These results provide no evidence that thyroid hormone excess of deficiency affects TRH secretion. If TRH secretion is responsible for cold-induced increases in plasma TSH concentrations, the increase in TRH secretion is of insufficient magnitude to alter periperal plasma TRH concentrations. PMID- 811691 TI - Varieties of depression. AB - A factorial study was made of ratings on 51 depressed female patients of IMPS items related to depression. Four separate depressive factors that involved: (1) loss of motivation and energy; (2) feelings of depression and hopelessness; (3) feelings of guilt and sin; and (4) retarded behavior were obtained. Neither the patient's age nor the endogenous-neurotic distinction appeared to be important. A comparison of these results with other factorial studies of depression was made. PMID- 811693 TI - Effects of one-stage and serial ablations of the middle third of sulcus principalis on delayed alternation performance in monkeys. AB - Recovery of a spatial delayed alternation habit following partial frontal lesions was investigated in mature rhesus monkeys. All animals subjected to serial ablation of the middle third of sulcus principalis were found to be capable of reacquiring preoperative levels of performance on the task. However, one-stage removal of the mid-principalis region resulted in both more severe and more protracted impairments than were evident after serial surgery. These results in conjunction with previous findings suggest that recovery following serially induced neurological insult may be dependent upon the integrity of neural tissue adjacent to the locus of injury. PMID- 811692 TI - Behavioral study of the visual cortex of Galago senegalensis. AB - An ablation study of the visual cortex of Galago senegalensis was undertaken in the hope of finding clues about the evolution of primate visual cortex. Removal of area 17 resulted in a profound sensory loss manifested by, first, the failure to discriminate between simple patterns; second, a deficit in localizing objects; third, a deficiency in tracking moving objects; and fourth, symptoms attributable to a deficiency in depth perception, such as misreaching and inaccurate jumping. Thus, the effects of ablating area 17 are similar in bushbabies and monkeys. In contrast, minimal sensory loss is produced by ablating area 17 in squirrels or tree shrews. This difference between primates and other mammals may depend on differences in the extent of the cortical target of the tecto-pulvinar path; in Galago and perhaps in all primates, more of the extrastriate visual cortex is entirely dependent on area 17. Removal of the ventral temporal cortex resulted in a loss of learned visual discriminations and in retardation in learning new visual discriminations. These symptoms seem related to the inferotemporal syndrome in monkeys. PMID- 811694 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis (type I Hurler-Scheie compound). PMID- 811695 TI - Vascular changes in the monkey mandible and maxilla after multiple extraction of teeth: a radiographic study. PMID- 811696 TI - Maxillary premolar reduction in the golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae). PMID- 811698 TI - Facial expressions and social responsiveness of blind monkeys. PMID- 811697 TI - A case of angiokeratoma corporis circumscriptum neviforme. PMID- 811699 TI - Resistance to psychopathology in adolescent monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) reared with mothers and peers. PMID- 811701 TI - Sensory deficits and behavioral deterioration in senescence. PMID- 811700 TI - Depressive behavior in adult monkeys following separation from family environment. PMID- 811702 TI - Gas chromatographic characteristics of authentic chlorinated dibenzofurans; identification of two isomers in American and Japanese polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 811703 TI - Screening and supportive techniques for home dialysis in the treatment of renal failure. AB - Patients with end-stage renal disease are being kept alive by dialysis treatment which may be provided either in an institution or in the patient's home. However, medical advancements have outstripped the ability of the treatment team to insure the quality of life for these long-term patients. Although the predominant pattern of care continues to be the hospital- or institution-based unit, an attempt is being made by both patients and physicians to make home dialysis a more viable alternative. There are two major barriers to the large-scale effectiveness of treatment by home dialysis: 1) lack of criteria for the selection of candidates, and 2) lack of a continuing supportive service system. Home care requires a total understanding of the psychosocial functioning of the patient and the family. PMID- 811705 TI - Pilot project using wine therapy with long-term residents. PMID- 811704 TI - Cyclandelate in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis. AB - Twenty-one patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were treated for twelve months with placebo or cyclandelate (Cyclospasmol), 400 mg four times daily, in a double blind study with medication cross-over after six months. The group included 8 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 69 years. Each patient showed at least 5 of 9 signs or symptoms adopted as "inclusion criteria" for the study. Concomitant psychotropic or other drug therapy was standardized or matched during the trial, and periodic assessments were made of the patients' behavioral, physical, neurologic and psychiatric status. No serious side effects were observed. There was no significant difference between the cyclandelate and placebo phases in measurements of physical state. Changes on the gross behavior scales were insufficient for analysis. Tests of memory, control of manual dexterity and comprehension of everyday situations showed statistically significant improvement during the cyclandelate phase. In contrast to placebo, no measurable intellectual decline occurred during cyclandelate therapy. PMID- 811706 TI - Medical model--nursing model? A gerontological dilemma. PMID- 811708 TI - A two-stage method for cross-linking antibody globulin to ferritin by glutaraldehyde. III. Size and antibody activity of the conjugates. AB - Immunoferritin conjugates consist of conjugates of different size. They can be separated in 4.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into at least 4 bands. The amount of the smallest 1:1 conjugate, in which one antibody molecule is linked to one ferritin molecule, is highest in coupling products with low overall yields of conjugated ferritin. Therefore relatively mild reaction conditions are recommended. With increasing size the antibody binding capacity of the conjugate is reduced. PMID- 811707 TI - Numerical analysis of the characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Victoria from 1962 to 1971. AB - A study of the incidence of diphtheria in the State of Victoria, Australia, was carried out. Numerical analysis of the characteristics of 264 strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated between 1962 and 1971 placed them into 18 varieties plus six strains which were unique in their combination of reactions to the characteristics examined. During the 10-year period, some varieties appeared intermittently and were recognized by certain defining characteristics but exhibited a gradual change in their antigenic structure. In contrast, when the outbreaks were examined over shorter periods of time, a number of varieties and single strains were found which differed greatly from each other yet possessed the same major serotype antigen. These findings are discussed in terms of a 'one parent' concept in which the varieties and single strains represent phases of a common ancestor. By inspection and analysis of the characteristics of the strains, certain associations were apparent. For instance, a correlation was found between the antigenic structure of the organism and the colonial appearance on tellurite blood agar. Similarly, correlation was observed between bacteriophage type, diphthericin type and biochemical activity in that a strain which was highly active in one of the properties was also very active in the other two. PMID- 811709 TI - Use of horseradish peroxidase-labelled antiglobulin for the colorimetric quantitation of erythrocyte antibodies. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled antiglobulin has been used extensively as a histochemical marker. In the method described the stable reaction product formed by using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the hydrogen donor in the peroxidase reaction was dissolved in a fluoro alcohol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HPF). Reproducible standardisation curves resulted with HRP. Based on these observations a colorimetric assay procedure was developed to quantitate the amount of antibody coating red cells. This was achieved by treating the coated red blood cells with HRP-labelled rabbit antihuman IgG followed by hypotonic lysis separating the ghosts for colour development with the DAB reagent, solubilisation in HFP, and reading at 450 nm. Preliminary estimates of the number of anti-D molecules on Rhesus positive red cells were found to approximate the results reported using radioiodinated antibodies. The smallest number of anti-D molecules detected was 350 per red cell. Qualitative studies indicate that this procedure can be applied to other blood group systems. PMID- 811710 TI - Injuries of ankle. PMID- 811711 TI - Cost of disease. PMID- 811712 TI - Comparative study of the innervation of the facila disc of selected mammals. AB - The greatest concentration of sensory nerves in the muzzle and facial disc of mammals is in the nose. In most nocturnal mammals, these nerves penetrate the epidermis of the naked nose either or in bundles which resemble the corpuscles of Eimer. The hair follicles around the nose, lips, and eyes, as well as the heaviply innervated vibrissae follicles found in all hairy mammals except man, are well innervated; those elsewhaere are not. Everywhere on the human body both large and small follicles abound in sensory nerves. These morphologic observations suggest that in most mammals the most sensitivie areas of the skin are at the anterior and posterior ends (not reported here), and that human skin is better equipped for cutaneous sensibility than that of any other mammal. PMID- 811713 TI - Isolation of poxvirus from an African Rodent. AB - A poxvirus was isolated from a wild gerbil (Tatera kempii) caught in northern Dahomey, Africa at the time of an epidemic of human smallpox. Electron microscopic appearance and serologic reactions placed it in the vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. The isolate differed from ectromelia, rabbitpox, vaccinia, monkeypox, and cowpox viruses in pock morphology on chorioallantoic membrane, ceiling temperature, relative innocuity for mice, and cytopathic effect in tissue culture. Like variola minor virus, it had a ceiling temperature of 38 C, produced small hypertrophic foci in tissue culture, and failed to grow in rabbit skin. Inoculated into a rhesus monkey, it caused fever but no skin eruption and produced seroconversion and protection from subsequent challenge with monkeypox virus. The growing list of animal viruses that differ only slightly from smallpox virus suggests the hypothesis that long-term survival of variola virus may be based on inapparent infection in animals as well as virulent spread among humans. PMID- 811714 TI - Influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) inoculated intratracheally with 10(4.2) 10(8.2) egg median infectious doses (EID50) of type A influenza virus (H3N2) responded with clinical illness including such signs as fever, sneezing or coughing, coryza, and increased respiratory rates. Necropsy studies performed six days after inoculation revealed bronchopneumonia in addition to a mild tracheitis. Squirrel monkeys given 10(5)-6 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of Streptococcus pneumoniae intratracheally died four to six days later after developing severe illness characterized by fever, bacteremia, lethargy, anorexia, coughing, labored breathing, and bronchopneumonia. Monkeys given 770 cfu of S. pneumoniae responded with less severe symptoms and survived. Four squirrel monkeys inoculated with 10(8.2) EID50 of virus and then 102 hr later with 770 cfu of S. pneumoniae developed severe disease; three of the four animals died within 40 hr. At necropsy these monkeys had more extensive and severe bronchopneumonia than was seen in monkeys infected with either organism alone. PMID- 811716 TI - [Grouping of hemolytic streptococci and typing of group A hemolytic streptococci. I. Grouping of hemolytic streptococci and typing of group A hemolytic streptococci by electrosyneresis]. PMID- 811715 TI - Treatment of chronic enteric fever with amoxicillin. AB - Twelve patients with proven Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A bacteriuria and recurrent bacteremia associated with schistosomiasis were treated for four weeks with amoxicillin (250 mg four times daily). Seven of the 12 patients were seriously ill and febrile before treatment. They showed a dramatic response, and, within three to six days of initiation of amoxicillin therapy, they were afebrile and much improved clinically. Amoxicillin was rapidly and highly concentrated in the urine of all patients; peak levels of 115-2,700 mug/ml were obtained within 2-4 hr of the first dose. Concentration of the drug in serum was also rapid and in all but two patients exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration of the organism within 4 hr of the first dose. Within one week after treatment started, all urine and blood specimens obtained from the patients became negative for Salmonella and remained so throughout the four-week follow-up period, during which the patients were hospitalized. PMID- 811717 TI - [Grouping of hemolytic streptococci and typing of group A hemolytic streptococci. II. Comparison among electrosyneresis, capillary precipitin reaction, bacitracin disc method and Kobayashi's method]. PMID- 811718 TI - [Evaluation of bacitracin-sensitivity test for the screening of group A hemolytic streptococci]. PMID- 811719 TI - [Seroepidemiological study on type T-12 group A streptococcus causing an epidemic of scarlet fever - with special reference to seroepidemiological study using T agglutinin]. PMID- 811720 TI - [Epidemiological investigation on group A streptococci from the pharynx of school children in a rural community]. PMID- 811721 TI - [Pharyngeal hemolytic streptococci in children and tonsillectomized patients]. PMID- 811722 TI - [Therapeutic effect of minomycin in scarlet fever]. PMID- 811723 TI - [Serratia infections]. PMID- 811725 TI - [Transition in the distribution of types of group A streptococci (from April, 1969 to March, 1974) and annual changes of the predominant types in the past 10 years]. PMID- 811724 TI - [Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2) Inorganic salts necessary for the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 811726 TI - [Drug susceptibility of hemolytic streptococci isolated from patients with scarlet fever during 1973]. PMID- 811727 TI - [Characterization of heat-stable antigen extracted from group C and G hemolytic streptococci and their distribution among strains]. PMID- 811728 TI - [Klebsiella infections]. PMID- 811729 TI - [Clinical reactions and antibody responses of measles-susceptible healthy children to the live measles "AIK-C" vaccine(chick embryo tissue culture type)]. PMID- 811730 TI - [Bacillary dysentery]. PMID- 811731 TI - [Hospital contamination with Staphylococcus epidermidis]. PMID- 811732 TI - [Supplementary notes on securing sputum washing and bacterial culture methods for the purpose of isolating the causative agents in respiratory infections]. PMID- 811733 TI - [Mycoplasma and its pathogenicity]. PMID- 811734 TI - [Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (3) Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution]. PMID- 811735 TI - [Epidemilogical study of typhoid originating at a seasonal hotel]. PMID- 811736 TI - [Salmonella infections]. PMID- 811737 TI - [Seroepidemiological studies of influenza in 1973]. PMID- 811738 TI - [Immunological studies of whooping cough]. PMID- 811739 TI - [Psittacosis treated with propionylmariodomycin--a case study]. PMID- 811740 TI - [Pathologic and hemodynamic observation on the glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve implanted in the tricuspid and pulmonary position]. PMID- 811741 TI - Studies of abluminuria and proteinuria in normal mice and mice with immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - Proteinuria is supposedly a frequent and early manifestation of glomerulonephritis. Since albuminuria rather than proteinuria is the hallmark of glomerular disease, the present studies were designed to study the occurrence of albuminuria in normal mice (SWR/J strain) and in mice with a reproducible and predictable immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. A radial immunodiffusion technique, specific for mouse albumin, was employed to quantify the albuminuria. Column chromatography of concentrated urine obtained from normal and nephritic mice demonstrated that albumin excreted in the urine had the same molecular weight as serum albumin and that identifiable fragments of albumin did not appear in the urine. Some albuminuria did occur in normal mice, 0.12 +/- SD. 0.13 mg. per 18 hours for 80 males and 0.13 +/- 0.09 mg. per 18 hours for 55 females. Increased albuminuria, defined as values greater than a normal mean + 2 S.D. (0.40 mg. per 18 hours) occurred in only 25 per cent of nephritic mice, although in more than 600 animals studied, immunofluorescent microscopy invariably demonstrated abnormal accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli of SWR/J mice chronically infected with LCM virus. Values of total proteinuria measured by the sulfosalicylic acid method did not correlate with radial immunodiffusion measured albuminuria. The results indicate that measurement of total proteinuria in mice is not a useful parameter of glomerular disease. Albuminuria, while increased in 25 per cent of nephritic animals, was not abnormal even in the presence of marked histologic alterations in 75 per cent of mice, suggesting that abnormal immunopathology may very commonly not be reflected in increased or pathologic albuminuria. Recent observations also suggest that this is the case in humans. PMID- 811743 TI - Primary liposarcoma of the mastoid. AB - A unique case of liposarcoma of the mastoid in a 4-year-old child presenting as acute mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscess has been reported. PMID- 811742 TI - The influence of chrysotherapy on serum protein and immunoglobulin levels, rheumatoid factor, and antiepithelial antibody titers. AB - Serum protein and immunoglobulin concentrations, rheumatoid factor (RF) titers, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) from 18 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were being treated with gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine) and monitored clinically were measured serially. Serum antiepithelial antibody (AEA) titers from 10 patients with pemphigus who were similarly treated were measured at frequent intervals. Statistically significant reductions of alpha2, gamma, and total globulins, IgG, IgA, and IgM, ESR, and RF, and AEA titers were found after 3 to 6 months of gold treatment. Serum albumin levels rose significantly, but alpha1, beta-globulin, and total protein did not change. A temporal relationship between the alteration of these serological tests and the clinical response to treatment was noted, but the magnitude of protein change did not correlate with the degree of clinical improvement within a given patient. These findings indicate that gold treatment influences serum protein and antibody concentrations in two diseases having diverse target organs and different etiologies. The question of whether gold compounds exert an immunosuppressive action, or whether the serologic changes are a secondary phenomenon reflecting amelioration of disease activity, is unresolved. PMID- 811745 TI - Editorial: The professional administration of long term care. PMID- 811744 TI - Neurogenic concept of bell's palsy. Medical decompression of facial nerve. AB - According to the author it is the 'transmyringal' portion of the chorda tympani nerve which in practice remains exposed to the cold atmospheric air and triggers the pathologic process involved in Bell's palsy, affecting the facial nerve secondarily, rather than a primary condition of the facial nerve. This theory was proved by creating a Bell's palsy (paralysis a frigore) with cold-air-stimuli to the tympanic membrane in experimental animals (two monkeys). On the basis of this observation the author recommend's 'medical decompression' of the facial nerve by means of infra-red fomentation of the drum, and eustachian insufflation of hydrocortisone, in cases of Bell's palsy before retrograde extension of oedema from the chorda tympani to the facial nerve can cause irreversible damage. Subsequently, the author has successfully managed fourteen cases (93-4 per cent) of Bell's palsy with a definite history of exposure to cold (paralysis a frigore). It is suggested that the ear canal be plugged with cotton as a preventive measure; and that chorda tympani neurectomy be performed to eliminate the chances of recurrence of the disease in cases of recurrent Bell's palsy. PMID- 811746 TI - A survey and critical evaluation of long term care reimbursement policies under Medicaid. PMID- 811747 TI - Vasotocin-like activity in the plasms of the euryhaline frog (Rana cancrivora) after transfer from fresh water to saline. AB - When Rana cancrivora were collected from fresh water and dehydrated (weight loss 4-10%) by exposure to saline, the plasma titre of hydro-osmotic activity, measured by amphibian bladder assay, was increased three-to fourfold. This activity, which was abolished by thioglycollate and by incubation with tyrosinase or trypsin, was ascribed to vasotocin. The plasma vasotocin activities (hydrated and dehydrated frogs respectively) were estimated to be 0-03-0-5 and 0-15-0-25 mug/1; if referred to oxytocin as a standard the equivalent values were 10 and 30 60 mu./ml. Assuming that the increase represented released pituitary hormone, the amount of vasotocin released by osmotic dehydration was calculated to be of the order of 1 ng. Pituitary glands of hydrated and dehydrated frogs were estimated to have 0.15 and 0-18 mug vasotocin/gland respectively. The possible physiological function of released vasotocin in promoting reabsorption of urea from the urinary bladder is discussed in relation to the euryhaline ability of R. cancrivora. PMID- 811748 TI - Differences in susceptibility of mature and immature mouse B lymphocytes to anti immunoglobulin-induced immunoglobulin suppression in vitro. Possible implications for B-cell tolerance to self. AB - Purified goat antibodies against mouse mu-chains and rabbit antibodies against mouse Ig determinants, and their Fab fragments, inhibited the development of IgM bearing B cells in explant cultures of 14-day mouse fetal liver, and caused the disappearance of cell surface IgM in explant and dissociated cell cultures of more developed lymphoid tissues. While treatment of cultures of fetal or newborn liver, or adult bone marrow, with low concentrations (less than or equal to 10 mug/ml) of anti-Ig for less than or equal to 24 h caused the complete, but reversible, disappearance (modulation) of cell surface IgM, treatment for greater than or less than 48 h produced irreversible IgM suppression. In contrast, anti Ig-induced suppression of cell surface IgM in cultures of adult spleen or lymph nodes required much higher concentrations of antibody (greater than or equal to 100 mug/ml) and was always reversible. These differences between immature and mature IgM-bearing cells could not be related to differences in the amount of surface IgM on the cells. The remarkable sensitivity of newly formed B cells to IgM modulation and irreversible IgM suppression when ligands bind to their Ig receptors, may have important implications for B-cell tolerance to self antigens. PMID- 811750 TI - Growth of B-lymphocyte colonies in vitro. AB - In semisolid agar cultures containing mercaptoethanol, cells from the spleen, lymph nodes, marrow, peritoneal cavity, thoracic duct, and blood of normal mice generated clusters and colonies of up to 3,000 cells. Colony numbers and growth were markedly enhanced by the addition of sheep red cells. The frequency of colony-forming cells in the spleen or lymph nodes was 0.5-2.0%, and cluster forming cells were approximately five times more numerous. The mononuclear cells comprising these colonies had the electronmicroscopic morphology of immature lymphoid and plasma cells. The majority of the cells possessed Fc receptors, 61 69% reacted with anti-mu-serum and 4-11% with anti-gamma2-serum. Analysis of single cells from individual colonies indicated a higher frequency of the cells with membrane immunoglobulin and a clonal pattern of anti-mu or anti-gamma reactivity. The clonal nature of colonies was supported by an analysis of NIP binding cells in colonies grown from CBA spleen cells enriched for NIP-binding cells. Mass-harvested colony cells synthesized immunoglobulin in short-term liquid cultures. It is concluded that the colonies are clones of functionally active B-lymphoid cells. PMID- 811749 TI - The allogeneic bisection of carrier-specific enhancement of monoclonal B-cell responses. AB - The ability of T cells to enhance the response of syngeneic and allogeneic B cells to thymus-dependent hapten-carrier conjugates was analyzed. This analysis was carried out on individual primary B cells in splenic fragment cultures derived from irradiated reconstituted mice. This system has several advantages: (a) the response of the B cells is entirely dependent on carrier priming of the irradiated recipient; (b) this B-cell response can be quantitated in terms of the number of responding cells; and (c) very small B-cell responses can be readily detected and analyzed. The results indicate that the majority of hapten-specific B cells were stimulated in allogeneic and syngeneic recipients only if these recipients were previously carrier primed. The number of B cells responding in carrier-primed allogeneic recipients was 60-70% of that in syngeneic carrier primed recipients. The antibody-forming cell clones resulting from B cells stimulated in the allogeneic environment produced small amounts of antibody and antibody solely of the IgM immunoglobulin class, while the larger responses in syngeneic recipients were predominantly IgG1 or IgM plus IgG1. The capacity of collaborative interactions between carrier-primed T cells and primary B cells to yield IgG1 antibody-producing clones was shown to be dependent on syngeny between these cells in the H-2 gene complex. It is concluded that: (a) B cells can be triggered by T-dependent antigens to clone formation through collaboration with T cells which differ at the H-2 complex as long as these T cells recognize the antigen; (b) the immunoglobulin class produced by the progeny of stimulated B cells generally depends on the nature of the stimulatory event rather than the nature of the B cell itself; and (c) stimulation to IgG1 production is dependent on syngeny between the collaborating T and B cells probably within the Ir-1A region. The role of the Ia antigens in the formation of IgG1-producing clones is not yet clear; Ia identity could permit IgG1 production or, conversely, nonidentity of Ia could induce all allogeneic interactions which prohibit IgG1 production. PMID- 811751 TI - Synthesis of the second component of complement by long-term primary cultures of human monocytes. AB - A method has been developed for preparation of confluent monolayers of human monocytes from small volumes of blood and for maintenance of these pure monocyte cultures for up to 16 wk in vitro. These cells phagocytosed 5.7 mum diameter latex beads, rosetted with erythrocytes coated with IgG or with C3, killed Listeria monocytogenes, and synthesized both lysozyme and the second component of complement. Lysozyme was secreted at a rate of approximately 50,000 mol/min per cell for at least 12 wk in cultures. The maximal rate of C2 synthesis and secretion was considerably less; i.e., approximately 30 mol/min per cell between the 2nd and 12th wk in culture. Monocytes produced little C2 during the first 6 days in culture after which a marked increase in the rate of C2 production was noted. This increase was coincident with morphologic evidence of monocyte maturation. PMID- 811752 TI - Calcium-sensitive modulation of Ig capping: evidence supporting a cytoplasmic control of ligand-receptor complexes. AB - Capping of anti-Ig-Ig complexes was studied in murine B lymphocytes. Morphological studies indicated that caps formed rapidly on cells before any changes in shape. The first changes in cell shape were evident as a contraction right under the cap area. The removal of extracellular calcium had no effect on cap formation. Furthermore, the introduction of calcium by the ionophore A-23187 stopped capping. The ionophere by itself in the absence of extracellular calcium had no effect. Caps were found to be disrupted, the complexes scattering over the entire cell surface if the cells were treated by A-23187 after the caps had formed. The disruptive effect of A-23187 as dependent on extracellular calcium and could be stopped by drugs that affected energy metabolism. The cytochalasins also disrupted the formed caps. Drugs that affect energy metabolism by themselves did not disrupt the caps. We interpret the effects of the ionophore as resulting from a systemic hypercontractility of microfilaments. A theory for explaining the formation and disruption of capping is discussed. PMID- 811753 TI - Comparison of visually guided reaching in normal and deprived infant monkeys. AB - A stump-tailed macaque, deprived of sight of its hands and body since shortly after birth, appears to be deficient in the accuracy and precision of its visually guided reaching. These deprived monkeys quickly develop adequate reaches if they are allowed to view their hands. To assess the deficit, we developed a method of open-loop testing (no sight of the reaching limb) for use on both an experimental group deprived of sight of limbs and a control group raised under identical restraints but allowed sight of limbs. The results show that the deprived monkeys can learn to reach a given visible target, but the learned reach is not as precise in the training condition or as precise to new target directions as it is for controls. Furthermore, there is little intermanual transfer of reaching skill for the experimentals but nearly 100% transfer for the controls. Finally, experimentals show a loss of precision in retention testing following a lack of practice, but controls do not. We conclude that the differences in visually guided reaching behavior of the two groups is evidence that the normal accuracy results from unconstrained vision of the hands which produces a mapping of the coordinates of motor response onto the space of vision. PMID- 811754 TI - An analysis of short-term visual memory in the monkey. AB - Visual memory in monkeys was examined under four different conditions, each with a separate group. In all conditions, the delay between sample and choice was 10 sec, and the delay between trials was 30 sec. The procedural differences were matching or nonmatching with the same two objects presented repeatedly and matching or nonmatching with trial-unique objects. With the customary repetitive stimuli, whether in matching or nonmatching, most monkeys either required prolonged training to solve the problem (over 40 sessions) or failed to solve it, corroborating the learning difficulties reported earlier by others. With trial unique stimuli, by contrast, most monkeys learned quickly (matching, under 20 sessions; nonmatching, under 5 sessions). Furthermore, in nonmatching with trial unique stimuli, scores averaged 80% correct in the first session, even though the monkeys were experimentally naive. The results indicate that recognition of a stimulus as familiar or novel is highly developed in monkeys, and that their difficulty with the customary nonspatial visual memory tasks stems from a retardation in noticing and using the mnemonic cue of recovery of presentation. Evidence is presented that this difficulty can be overcome, however, by a simple training procedure that exploits their proficiency at distinguishing familiar from novel stimuli. PMID- 811755 TI - Comparative physiology of cellular ion and volume regulation. AB - 1. Intracellular [K+]i in most cells is around 100-150 mOs. This is true in invertebrate or vertebrate muscle or any other tissue, and the only known exceptions being the axons of some invertebrates (Burton, '73). 2. When cell volume is increased due to hypoosmotic swelling, cell volume is regulated back toward normal in almost all cells. In cells with an osmolality of 300-350 mOs, the regulatory volume decrease is caused primarily by a passive efflux of potassium and anions due to increased membrane permeability to potassium. In cells with a higher osmolality, regulatory volume decrease is caused by the passive efflux of small organic molecules. 3. When cell volume is decreased due to hyperosmotic shrinking, volume is not always regulated back toward normal in in vitro experiments carried out for several hours. However, it appears from the in vivo experiments that some cell volume control is always present. The volume control in the flounder red cells took place through increased sodium influx brought about by a relative increase in cell membrane permeability to sodium. This mechanism also appears to be dominant in the mammalian renal papilla, where the [Na+]i increases in proportion to the increase in cellular osmolality with no change in [K+]i. 4. Cells which remain shrunken in vitro, or cells which only partly restore their volume in vivo, do not exhibit increased [K+]i. This finding means that potassium is lost from the cell and, in most cases, exchanged for sodium when the volume is decreased, even though the osmotic concentration in the extracellular fluid is elevated. 5. Finally, it appears that the maintenance of a rather constant [K+]i is important for all cells. This constancy may be due to the fact that certain enzymes are sensitive to the intracellular potassium concentration. Thus, the DNA synthesis is blocked in mammalian kidney cells when [K+]i is increased (Bygrave, '67). Furthermore, Lubin ('64) has shown that low [K+]i concentrations also cause a decrease in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. An optimal concentration appears to be necessary for protein synthesis. PMID- 811757 TI - Scaling in biology: the consequences of size. AB - A review of major ideas pertaining to the importance of the body size of animals. It discusses the size range of living organisms and the possibilities and constraints that result from the design of animals and the materials used in their supporting structures. The change in size of similarly organized animals is considered in the light of the principles of scaling, with examples chosen both from morphology and physiology. The mechanical consequences of body size in relation to locomotion is also discussed. PMID- 811756 TI - The August Krogh Principle: "For many problems there is an animal on which it can be most conveniently studied". AB - The idea stated in the title, first clearly expressed by August Krogh, is illustrated by examples from animal biochemistry, physiology, general cell biology, experimental medicine, ethology and botany. General aspects of the concept are discussed. PMID- 811758 TI - Response properties of macaque monkey chorda tympani fibers. AB - Many of the chorda tympani fibers of crab-eating monkeys respond to more than one of the four basic stimuli (NaCl, sucrose, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) as well as cooling or warming of the tongue. Fibers could be classified into four categories depending on their best sensitivity to any one of the four basic stimuli. Sucrose-best and quinine-best fibers are rather specifically sensitive to sucrose and quinine, respectively, while salt-best and acid-best fibers respond relatively well to HCl and NaCl, respectively. Saccharin, dulcin, and Pb acetate produce a good response in sucrose-best fibers, but quinine-best and salt best fibers also respond to saccharin. Highly significant positive correlations exist between amounts of responses to sucrose and those to saccharin, dulcin, and Pb acetate, indicating that these substances produce in the monkey a taste quality similar to that produced by sucrose. Compared with chroda tympani fibers of rats, hamsters, and squirrel monkeys, macaque monkey taste fibers are more narrowly tuned to one of the four basic taste stimuli and more highly developed in sensitivity to various sweet-tasting substances. Also LiCl and NaCl are more effective stimuli for gustatory receptors in macaque monkeys than NH4Cl and KCl. This contrasts with a higher sensitivity to KCl and NH4Cl than to NaCl in chorda tympani fibers of squirrel monkeys. PMID- 811759 TI - Aberrant DNA methylation under conditions of thymine deprivation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A study has been made of the levels of 6-methylaminopurine and 5-methyl-cytosine in the DNA of Bacillus subtilis during thymine deprivation. While DNA synthesis was inhibited by thymine deprivation, DNA methylation continued. Base analysis indicated that this aberrant methylation involved an increase solely in the amount of 5-methylcytosine. These aberrant 5-methylcytosine residues were removed from the DNA during continued growth of bacteria in medium lacking thymine. In contrast, 5-methylcytosine residues synthesized during normal growth were relatively unaffected by thymine deprivation. The results are interpreted to indicate that the extensive DNA damage which occurs during thymine deprivation is due in part to exonuclease digestion of regions of DNA containing aberrant 5 methylcytosine residues. PMID- 811760 TI - Production of ethylene and other volatiles and changes in cellulase and laccase activities during the life cycle of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. AB - Nine volatile hydrocarbons, as well as methyl chloride, carbonyl sulphide and carbon disulphide, have been identified by mass spectrometry as products of Agaricus bisporus in the compost used in comerical mushroom beds. Of these, only ethylene showed a pattern of production that could be correlated with developmental phases of the crop, high levels being produced whenever fruit bodies were rapidly enlarging. In laboratory flask cultures, under controlled conditions, high levels of ethylene occurred whenever young fruit bodies entered the expansion phase. The enhanced rate of ethylene production continued over several days, irrespective of whether fruit bodies were removed. Production occurred within the colonized compost; no ethylene was evolved by the fruit body itself. When the first fruit bodies expanded, either in beds or culture flasks, laccase levels in the compost fell and those of a beta-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) rose. The enzyme switch occurred once only, during maturation of the first fruit bodies, whereas an elevated ethylene production was associated with each occasion when fruit body maturation took place. The low level of laccase and high of cellulase characterized the whole of the reproductive stage of A. bisporus, whereas the phasic periods of high ethylene production distinguished between periods of fruit body maturation and intervening resting periods. PMID- 811761 TI - Prevalence of R factors in Pseudonomas aeruginosa. PMID- 811762 TI - Streptococcus faecalis chain disruption. PMID- 811764 TI - Evidence for noninvolvement of brain glycoprotein metabolism in escape training. AB - In two experiments, 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats received escape training in a two-choice four-alley water maze. Following training, glycosyl transferase activities of brain microsomal fractions were assayed in control and experimental animals. No significant group differences were observed in the extent of transfer of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine to endogenous or exogenous acceptors. The results suggested a lack of participation of whole brain glycoprotein metabolism in an escape learning situation. PMID- 811763 TI - Regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in intact cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum: inactivation of nitrogen fixation by ammonia, L-glutamine and L-asparagine. AB - The synthesis of nitrogenase by intact cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum was repressed in N-free media supplemented with L-glutamine or L-asparagine, but was unaffected by the presence of L-glutamate, L-aspartate or L-histidine. Specific activities attained by cultures in supplemented media maintained under Ar-CO2 were 2 to 3 times higher than those in N-free medium under N2-CO2. A loss in total activity occurred both in cultures growing with N2 after maximum activity had been reached, and in cultures maintained under Ar when the gas phase was changed to N2. There was a rapid loss in nitrogen-fixing activity when low concentrations of NH4+, L-glutamine or L-asparagine were added to cultures with high activities, but this could be recovered in the absence of demonstrable protein synthesis. During growth, the degree of inactivation brought about by 0-5 mM-inactivator increased to 80 to 90%, and NH4+ excreted into the medium reached a maximum concentration towards the end of exponential growth. PMID- 811765 TI - Purification and properties of brain N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase A. PMID- 811766 TI - Clindamycin concentrations in the central nervous system of primates before and after head trauma. AB - The authors measured levels of clindamycin, a drug well established as useful in the treatment of various soft-tissue and parenchymal bacterial infections, in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of 14 rhesus monkeys. Penetration into brain tissue was erratic and concentrations detected were not significant. Cerebrospinal fluid levels, however, averaged 20.5% of paired serum concentrations and were higher than concentrations needed to inhibit most Gram positive bacteria. Further studies in humans are indicated before this antibiotic may be used routinely. PMID- 811767 TI - Spinal cord blood flow as affected by changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. AB - The authors used the hydrogen clearance method to measure focal spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in the rhesus monkey over a wide range of mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) in an attempt to test the hypothesis of autoregulation. The MAP was either lowered by bleeding or raised by the intravenous infusion of norepinephrine or angiotensin. The SCBF remained constant and in the normal range with an MAP of 50 to 135 mm Hg, indicating the presence of autoregulation. Below 50 mm Hg, SCBF fell passively with further decreases in MAP. At MAP values above 135 mm Hg, vasodilatation occurred which resulted in a breakthrough of autoregulation and marked increases in SCBF with further increases in the MAP. PMID- 811768 TI - Role of histamine in posttraumatic spinal cord hyperemia and the luxury perfusion syndrome. AB - The authors studied the effect of pretreatment of monkeys with antihistamines on hyperemia observed in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord after severe experimental spinal cord trauma. After administration of Chlorpheniramine and Metiamide, the spinal cords were traumatized with a 600 gm-cm injury. Blood flow in the lateral funiculus at the injury site was then determined hourly for 6 hours. The blood flow at this site remained in the normal range at all times in all animals. Neither a hyperemia nor an ischemia could be demonstrated. This finding reaffirms the authors' previous observation that ischemia does not exist in the lateral funiculus after severe experimental spinal cord trauma, and explains the previous observation of hyperemia as a histamine-related phenomenon, easily blocked by the administration of Chlorpheniramine and Metiamide, potent antihistamines which together block both the H1 and H2 receptor sites. PMID- 811769 TI - Monkey brain damage from radiation in the therapeutic range. AB - Twelve Macaca mulatta monkeys received 200 rads of supervoltage radiation to the whole brain per day, 5 days a week. The course in 4 monkeys was 4 weeks for a total dose of 4000 rads; in 4 monkeys, 6 weeks for 6000 rads; and in 4 monkeys, 8 weeks for 8000 rads. Four unirradiated monkeys served as controls. One from each group, sacrificed at 6 and 12 months from start of irradiation, are reported here. The results from 4000 rads were negligible; those from 8000 rads, profound, with gross brain destruction. The results from 6000 rads, within the therapeutic range, included at 6 months punctate necrotic lesions, 1 mm or less, widely scattered but with a predilection for the forebrain white matter. The reaction to these lesions ranged from an early macrophage response to calcification. Some were accompanied by focal edema. There were occasional examples of vascular endothelial proliferation. In addition, there were patches of dilated capillaries or telangiectasia. Twelve months after 6000 rads there were a few mineralized lesions and innumerable minute deposits of calcium and iron. A more active process was suggested by widely disseminated areas of telangiectasia, 6 to 12 mm in extent. The clinical course from this exposure included papilledema from the third to the sixth month and depressed visual evoked response accompanied by delta activity in the electroencephalogram from the sixth to the twelfth month. PMID- 811770 TI - Suprasellar osteogenic sarcoma following radiation for pituitary adenoma. Case report. AB - The authors report a case in which sellar and suprasellar osteogenic sarcoma developed 10 years after radiation therapy for pituitary adenoma. The literature is reviewed and the rarity of this condition discussed. PMID- 811771 TI - Radiometric detection of the metabolic activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - A radiometric test capable of detecting the metabolic rate of M. tuberculosis within 18 hr after inoculation has been developed. The technique is based on the measurement of 14CO2 produced by the bacterial metabolism of 14C-U-glycerol of 14C-U-acetate. The test is an important first step in the development of rapid radiometric techniques for clinical study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 811772 TI - Enzymatic inhibition of diphosphonate: a proposed mechanism of tissue uptake. AB - Enzymes have been proposed as tissue receptors that bine 99mTc-stannous diphosphonate and its analogs. Incubation of diphosphonate with several enzymes demonstrated inhibition of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity but showed no effect on glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Complete reversal of the diphosphonate-induced inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity occurred when calcium ion was added to the reaction. The specificity of calcium to induce reversal was dispelled when magnesium ion gave identical results. Diphosphonate-induced inhibition of acid phosphatase, however, was not reversed by calcium or magnesium. PMID- 811773 TI - Letter: Toxicity of 99mTc-Sn-EHDP. PMID- 811774 TI - Utilization of amino acids administered enterally or parenterally to young pigs. AB - The utilization of essential amino acids provided enterally or parenterally was compared in six growing female pigs. Crystalline amino acids in aqueous solution were administered parenterally through a central venous cannula or enterally through a stomach fistula or in the diet. Other nutrients were provided in the diet. Plasma essential amino acid concentrations were not significantly different after the enteral and intravenous treatments in either the fasting or postprandial state except for phenylalanine and histidine for which both fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations were higher after intravenous infusion than after the enteral treatment. No significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of dispensable amino acids. Urinary amino acid concentrations showed no treatment effects. Body weight gain and nitrogen retention during intravenous treatment equaled or exceeded the respective parameters during enternal administration. Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected by route of administration except for hematocrit and serum phosphorus concentrations which were significantly lower during intravenous infusion. Serum sodium and total protein concentrations were significantly higher during the oral casein treatment than after crystalline amino acids were presented by either route of administration. The data suggest that utilization of essential amino acids is similar whether they are given enterally or intravenously. PMID- 811775 TI - 51Cr-EDTA, 91Y and 141Ce as nonabsorbed reference substances in the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken. AB - The use of 91Y, 51Cr-EDTA, and 141Cr as nonabosrbed reference substances in the gastrointestinal tract of the chick was examined. In single oral dose experiments, more than 95% of the isotopes administered was recovered from the gastrointestinal tract 3 hours after dosing. 51Cr was higher in blood than the other isotopes tested. When the isotopes were fed continuously, the ratio of 91Y to 141Cr changed little throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, the ratio of 91Y to 51Cr was higher in the crop and gizzard and lower in the duodenum than in the feed. Thus, passage time was shorter for 51Cr in the crop and gizzard and longer in the duodenum than that of 91Y. On the basis of distribution between solid and liquid phases in the intestinal contents, 91Y or 141Ce appears to be a suitable reference substance for studying the absorption of nitrogen and fatty acids, wheras 51Cr-EDTA would be preferable for bile acid absorption studies. PMID- 811776 TI - Effects of low and high protein diets on the induction of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. AB - To determine the effect of low and high levels of dietary proteins plus low doses of phenobarbital (PB) on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes, weanling male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 3.5 (low protein, LP), 26 (normal protein, NP), and 42% (high protein, HP) casein for 33 days. Five animals from each dietary group were injected with 10 mg of PB/kg body weight, intraperitoneally, for the last 3 days of the experimental period. The 10,000 X g supernatant and microsomes were prepared from perfused livers from each group. Both LP and HP diets caused a significant decrease in the activity of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase, an increase in the activity of p-nitrobenzoate reductase, and no changes in the activities of 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronyltransferase and cytochrome P-450. The low doses of PB used in this study caused significant induction of cytochrome P-450 (P less than 0.10), biphenyl 4-hydroxylase, and p nitrobenzoate reductase (except in LP and NP females). The males of NP and HP groups had consistently higher activities of these enzymes than corresponding females, however, this sex difference in the first two enzymes was abolished by feeding of the LP diet. PMID- 811777 TI - A histological study of tooth allografts transplanted to untreated and immunologically prepared mice. AB - Ten-day-old mouse teeth were grafted subcutaneously into adults of an unrelated strain which were either untreated or had rejected a skin graft from the same strain as the tooth donors. First set allografts degenerated rapidly after grafting and were only sparsely repopulated subsequently. No cell-mediated immune response was observed. In contrast, second set allografts were heavily infiltrated with mononuclear leukocytes which persisted throughout the study, although the coronal pulp was never involved. It was suggested that first set allografts did not suffer a cell-mediated response because rapid degeneration of the cellular components removed the immunogenic target tissue before the host response could be effected. PMID- 811778 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of chronic oral candidosis. AB - Human biopsy specimens from white patches on the mucosae of tongue and lips which had previously given positive cultures for Candida albicans were examined. The specimens were processed for electron microscopy by conventional techniques. The fine structure of the superficial layer of the epithelium revealed Candida albicans in extra- and intracellular sites. Penetration into the deeper layers was not observed. The fungus had a thick cell wall surrounded by an outer floccular layer. The cytoplasm of the superficial epithelial cells showed degenerative changes and fragmentation of tonofilaments in the immediate vicinity of the fungus. Microabscesses, formed by pools of neutrophils, were common in the upper spinous layer. In places, fungi and bacteria appear to have been phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages. The cells of the lower spinous and basal layers showed detachment of desmosomes, marked increase in intracellular glycogen, prominent lysosome-like dense bodies and abundant mitochondria of differing shapes. At the epithelia-connective tissue junction, fine filaments and collagen fibrils were intermingled throughout the basal lamina, forming multiple, highly electron-dense layers. A noticeable change in the connective tissue was the accumulation of numerous mast cells containing differently shaped granules filled with scrolls and dense strands of granular material. The terminal blood vessel exhibited leakage and numerous, concentric duplications of the basal lamina. PMID- 811779 TI - The human complement system. PMID- 811780 TI - Hemorrhagic palatal lesion. PMID- 811783 TI - Mixed infections of species of Leucocytozoon in individual birds from Atlantic Canada. PMID- 811781 TI - Phagocytes, lipid-removal and regression of atheroma. AB - Reticuloendothelial (RE) phagocytes (macrophages and histiocytes) can be distinguished from locally-derived lipid-containing cells (e.g., arterial smooth muscle) or locally derived phagocytes (e.g., Schwann cells and microglia) by the demonstration of a diffuse catalase reaction in a proportion of these RE cells with a short incubation modification of the Novikoff-Golfischer diaminobenzidine histochemical methods. Even though only a proportion of an RE population is catalase-positive, the results accord with the majority of current opinion that most of the cells in atherosclerotic lesions are derived locally, whereas the phagocytes in lipid implants and xanthomas are of RE origin. The phagocytes in the peripheral nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration appear to be of mixed RE and endogenous origin, whereas microglia around multiple sclerosis plaques seem to be derived locally. Lipid in lesions with RE phagocytes (subcutaneous lipid implants and xanthomas) is relatively rapidly resorbed, whereas lipid in lesions with few RE phagocytes (atherosclerosis) or phagocytes of endogenous origin (CNS degeneration) is more slowly resorbed or partly retained within the tissue. Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nerve, with its mixed population of RE and endogenous phagocytes, occupies an intermediate position in the speed of lipid removal. PMID- 811782 TI - Ultrastructural observations of a microsporidian protozoan parasite in Libinia dubia (Decapoda). II. Structure of the mature spore. PMID- 811784 TI - Recovery of schistosomula in the skin of rhesus monkeys immunized with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum exposed to high dose of x-irradiation. PMID- 811785 TI - Cholecystitis and calculi in a diverticulum of the gallbladder. PMID- 811786 TI - Amino acid analogs. III: New syntheses of monomethyl- and monophenylglutamic acids. AB - Glutamic acid analogs containing 3- and 4-methyl and 2-, 3-, and 4-phenyl substituents were prepared. The 3- and 4-methyl- and 3- and 4-phenylglutamic acids did not inhibit Plasmodium berghei and were nontoxic to the host (mice) at 640 mg/kg. The five analogs in addition to 2-methlglutamic acid were inactive against Lactobacillus casei at 1000 mug/ml in a defined medium: against Escherichia coli, only 2-methylglutamic acid caused 27% inhibition at 10,000 mug/ml. All six analogs failed to inhibit Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma viride, and Myrothecium verrucaria in a defined medium below 10,000 mug/ml. PMID- 811787 TI - Barbiturate-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys: comparisons of drugs with different durations of action. AB - The rate and pattern of pressing a lever was studied in rhesus monkeys under conditions where each press led to the intravenous injection of a barbiturate or of saline. The reinforcing effect of the barbiturate was indicated by higher rates of responding on the lever that delivered drug than on the lever that did not and by lower rates of responding when saline was delivered instead of the barbiturate. Responding increased and was maintained by the following ranges of dose/injection: barbital (2.5-10.0 mg/kg), pentobarbital (0.25-4.0 mg/kg), amobarbital (0.25-4.0 mg/kg), thiopental (0.50-4.0 mg/kg) and methohexital (0.125 2.0 mg/kg). Response rates were inversely related to the dose delivered with each injection for each of the barbiturates over these ranges. Within 3-hour access periods, injections tended to occur in bursts followed by pauses. PMID- 811788 TI - Rumen ciliates of the tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus lunatus) in South Africa. AB - Ciliate protozoa from the rumen of the tsessebe, Damaliscus lunatus lunatus, all belong to the family Ophryoscolescidae and no holotrichs were found in any of the 16 animals. Eighteen species were identified of which Entodinium fyferi sp. n., Enoploplastron garstangi sp. n. and Epidinium lunatus sp. n. are new and have been described for the first time. A short redescription of Eremoplastron gigantium Kofoid & MacLennan is given. PMID- 811789 TI - Fine structure of Encephalitozoon cuniculi from rabbits, mice and hamsters. AB - Fine structure and development of Encephalitozoon cuniculi from rabbits were studied in rabbit choroid plexus (CP) cell cultures and were compared to hamster and mouse microsporida. Sporoplasms had a single limiting membrane and contained a large nucleus. Proliferative forms (schizonts) had double outer membranes, the outermost being associated with the formation of the limiting membrane of vacuoles formed within the host cell cytoplasm. These organisms were often binucleate and divided to form sporonts. Sporonts divided once to form 2 sporoblasts which developed into electron-dense spores. Spores had a thick, 3 layered wall and contained a polar filament. The developmental cycle of E. cuniculi in rabbit CP cultures progressed rapidly. Sporoplasms were observed in host cells at 3 hr postinoculation (PI). By 24 hr PI proliferative forms were associated with host cell cytoplasmic vacuoles which contained developing organisms. Mature spores were present in vacuoles by 2 days PI, indicating that the life cycle in the CP system is approximately 48 hr. The fine structure and the sequential developmental cycle of the mouse and hamster isolates were observed to be identical to those of the rabbit isolate and different from those of the genus Nosema. It is proposed, therefore, that the 3 organisms represent the same species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi. PMID- 811790 TI - Encephalitozoon sp. in the blue-masked lovebird, Agapornis personata (Reichenow): first confirmed report of microsporidan infection in birds. AB - A microsporidan tentatively classified as Encephalitozoon sp. on the basis of structure and tinctorial qualities was identified in tissues from a group of blue masked lovebirds. Agapornis personata (Reichenow). The organism was present in renal tubular epithelial cells, hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. Focal hepatic necrosis occurred around clusters of the organisms but inflammation was minimal or absent in the other infected tissues. Attempts to infect laboratory mice with the organism were unsuccessful. Ultrastructural features were compared with those of E. cuniculi of mammals. PMID- 811791 TI - The ribosomes of the simian malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi. I. Isolation and characterization. AB - Monomeric ribosomes, isolated from the monkey malaria Plasmodium knowlesi by the combined use of low concentrations of Triton X-100 and differential centrifugation, sedimented in the 80S range and could be dissociated into 60 and 40S subparticles. The base composition of the rRNA was typically protozoan; that is, low in guanine and cytosine residues. PMID- 811792 TI - The physician and the confused elderly patient. PMID- 811793 TI - Mortality in neonatal duodenal obstruction. A review of 76 cases compared with a previous review of 142 cases. PMID- 811794 TI - The copulatory behaviour of adult male patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas. PMID- 811795 TI - Mechanism of immunity of schistosomiasis: histopathologic study of lesions elicited in rhesus monkeys during immunizations and challenge with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 811796 TI - The toxicity of inactivated bacteria and endotoxin in mice suffering from protein malnutrition. PMID- 811797 TI - Some important parasitic and other diseases of lion, Panthera leo, in the Kruger National Park. AB - Lions in the Kruger Park have been found affected by a variety of parasitic and other disease conditions, including trichinosis, filariasis, sarcoptic mange, pentastomiasis, echinococcosis, taeniasis, hepatozoonosis, anthrax, babesiosis and rickets. Six of these may be directly or indirectly transmissible to man or are, at least, closely related to human parasites or disease. Nine of these diseases, or closely related conditions, are also known to infect domestic animal species. The opposite may, of course, also be true--man and his domestic animals may, under certain circumstances, transmit certain diseases to lions, presumably sometimes with fatal results. PMID- 811799 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of certain imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. AB - A series of 5-substituted and 5,7-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines has been prepared. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these compounds against a variety of microorganisms is reported. 5-n-Octylaminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine exhibited significant activity against all the microorganisms studied. PMID- 811798 TI - Quinazolines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. 3. Analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acids. AB - A series of 19 quinazoline analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acid was prepared with particular emphasis being placed upon carboxylic acid esters. Each compound was evaluated as an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver as well as from Streptococcus faecium. Several of the more potent inhibitors were found to be inactive against L1210 leukemia in mice at low dose levels and were lethal to mice at 100 mg/kg. Six compounds were also evaluated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Three of these were found to be curative at higher levels, while the remaining compounds were found to be toxic. PMID- 811800 TI - 3-acyloxymethyl-7-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids. An improved synthesis and biological properties. PMID- 811801 TI - Issues in primary care: the policy perspective. PMID- 811802 TI - Organization of model systems for primary care practice and education: problems and issues. PMID- 811803 TI - The 'cost-effectiveness' of Sim One. PMID- 811805 TI - Changes of particle frequency in freeze-etched erythrocyte membranes after fixation. AB - The frequency of particles on the membrane fracture faces of freeze-etched human erythrocytes was measured, and the effect of fixation procedures on the particle frequencies was studied. Fresh blood, buffer washed cells and cells fixed in one of the following ways were examined: glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, osmium tetroxide alone. Quantitative analyses showed that some treatments produced a significant reduction in the number of particles on the fracture faces as compared with the fresh cells. After both osmium tetroxide fixations, the loss of particles was greater from the outer fracture face (OFF) than the inner fracture face (IFF), whilst after the other treatments approximately the same number of particles were lost from both fracture faces. The results are discussed with respect to some current concepts of the molecular architecture of the erythrocyte membrane and the action of fixatives. The reduction of particle frequencies is thought to be due to both leaching of membrane proteins, and deviations of the usual fracture plane within the membrane. Glutaraldehyde alone was shown to have less effect on particle frequency than the other fixatives and it is therefore a suitable fixative for the preparation of freeze-etch specimens. PMID- 811804 TI - The mechanisms of glutaraldehyde-fixed sarcoma 180 ascites cell aggregation. AB - Sediment height analysis was employed to investigate the mechanisms of cell aggregation by glutaraldehyde-fixed sarcoma 180 ascites cells. The aggregation of these cells proceeds by a polymer bridging mechanism in which the surface molecules of one cell associate directly with the surface molecules of adjacent cells by nonbonding interactions. The ability of adhesive surface macromolecules to serve as polymer bridges is regulated by hydrophobic and coulombic interactions. Hydrophobic interactions are not significantly involved in polymer bridging per se, but instead appear to operate either intramolecularly or between adjacent molecules of the same cell surface, and regulate the conformation and ability of such molecules to form stable intermolecular associations with the surface adhesive molecules of a nearby cell. A disruption of these intrasurface hydrophobic interactions generally promotes cell aggregation. Coulombic forces generated by the fixed charges of surface molecules inhibit aggregation; their diminution by charge neutralization promotes aggregation. It is likely that coulombic repulsive forces regulate intramolecular associations, interactions between adjacent molecules arising from the same cell surface, and interactions between macromolecules arising from different cell surfaces. The actual forces which serve to aggregate two fixed cells are not hydrophobic, but have characteristics commonly attributed to hydrogen bonding. Ion-pairing does not seem to play a role in the aggregation of fixed cells under physiological electrolyte conditions, nor does disulfide bridging. PMID- 811806 TI - Letter: Meningitis chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 811807 TI - Satellite DNA sequences of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 811808 TI - The origin of folded DNA rings from Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 811809 TI - Attachment of nascent RNA molecules to superhelical DNA. PMID- 811810 TI - Localization of transcribing genes in the bacterial cell by means of high resolution autoradiography. PMID- 811811 TI - Gonorrhea's Trojan horse: the asymptomatic female carrier. PMID- 811812 TI - A radiologic sign of lateral subluxation of the distal tibial epiphyses. AB - Linear calcification of the interosseus membrane at the ankle in a juvenile who has sustained an eversion/abduction injury with otherwise normal radiographs indicates that a Type I injury has occurred to the distal tibial and fibular epiphyses, with displacement at the time of injury. This is a significant injury with the potential to cause growth arrest of the tibial epiphyseal plate. PMID- 811813 TI - The head circumference chest circumference ratio in mild-to-moderate protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 811814 TI - Hepatozoon sp. infection in mink from southwestern Ontario. AB - Schizonts of Hepatozoon sp. were found in the lungs of 10 of 18 (56%) mink (Mustela vison). Schizonts were located in microgranulomas within the pulmonary parenchyma, occasionally in peribronchiolar or perivascular sites. PMID- 811816 TI - Hemoprotozoa in mourning doves and other small birds of western Oklahoma. AB - Blood smears obtained from 370 birds live-trapped in western Oklahoma were examined for hemoprotozoa. Haemoproteus spp. were found in 189 (90.4%) mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), one oriole (Icterus galbula), two mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), and three brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). Plasmodium sp. was present in one brown thrasher. Haemoproteus spp. in the mourning dove were identified as H. sacharovi and H. maccallumi, with the latter species predominating. The average parasitemia for doves infected only with H. sacharovi was 0.1% of the erythrocytes, for doves infected only with H. maccallumi it was 0.9%, and in doves with dual infections 1.8% of the erythrocytes were infected. PMID- 811815 TI - Prevalence and distribution of Leucocytozoon smithi and Haemoproteus meleagridis in wild turkeys in South Carolina. AB - A survey of 76 hunter-killed wild turkeys from all geographic regions in South Carolina during 1972 revealed that 33 of 76 (43%) were infected with Leucocytozoon smithi. Ten turkeys in the Coastal area had multiple infections with both L. smithi and Haemoproteus meleagridis. PMID- 811817 TI - Drug use data: a different perspective. PMID- 811818 TI - Acute cholecystitis. PMID- 811819 TI - Prinzmetal angina. Normal arteries and multifocal electrocardiographic changes. AB - A 40-year-old man with severe angina had electrocardiographic changes typical of Prinzmetal angina during his attacks of chest pain. ST segment elevations in leads II, III, and aVF occurred intermittently with elevations in leads I and aVL, and with T wave flattening in V1, suggesting myocardial ischemia in areas supplied by the right coronary artery and by the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. However, the coronary arteries appeared normal when arteriograms were made, suggesting that a reversible event caused the attacks. PMID- 811820 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 811821 TI - Tuberculosis in a community hospital. A five-year review. AB - Between January 1969 and December 1973, at a community hospital in Chicago, 129 patients had cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On admission to the hospital, only 36% of the patients were suspected of having tuberculosis, even after the initial chest x-ray film was available. Ten patients, in whom a positive culture was reported, were still living and had not been treated for tuberculosis as of June 1974. Five of these patients probably never had the disease, and the other five patients had overlooked-disease or had refused treatment. Nine patients died as a result of tuberculosis. PMID- 811822 TI - Meningococcal disease. Secondary attack rate and chemoprophylaxis in the United States, 1974. AB - Three hundred twenty-six reported cases of meningococcal disease in the United States from November 1973 through March 1974 were investigated. Three household members became ill with meningococcal disease following onset of the initial case in their household. The secondary attack rate was approximately 3/1,000 household members. In 60% of the households, members were given an antimicrobial drug as chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal disease, but only 35% received minocycline hydrochloride or rifampin, the two drugs now available for the eradication of sulfonamide-resistant meningococci from the nasopharynx. Only 26% given chemoprophylaxis received the drug within 24 hours after the patient's hospital admission. Survey results indicate that the secondary attack rate of meningococcal disease may justify the use of chemoprophylaxis, but that frequently in the United States, the drugs given are likely to be ineffective, give too late, or administered to persons who are not at high risk to meningococcal disease. PMID- 811823 TI - Primary meningococcal pericarditis. Diagnosis by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 811825 TI - [Bacteriology, ecology and infections of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 811824 TI - Rational asthma therapy for the outpatient. PMID- 811826 TI - [Preservation of Gonococcus by gelatin-disk method]. PMID- 811827 TI - [Beta-lactamase of gram-negative bacteria with special reference to its classification]. PMID- 811829 TI - [Autopsy study of clonorchiasis. A trial in serological diagnosis]. PMID- 811828 TI - [Serological characteristics of Lactobacillus casei var. rhamnosus]. PMID- 811830 TI - [Immunological assay of antithrombin (anthrombin III and alpha2-macroglobulin) (author's transl)]. PMID- 811831 TI - [Epithelioid cell granuloma, its experimental production and induction mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 811832 TI - [A case of multiple diverticulosis of the alimentary tract complicated with nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 811833 TI - Studies on the establishment of multi-drug-resistant strain BIO-4R of Streptococcus faecalis in the intestinal tract of germ-free mice. Bacterial interaction and effect of antibiotics. AB - Germ-free ICR mice were mono- or dicontaminated with a multi-drug-resistant strain BIO-4R of Streptococcus faecalis (BIO-4R) and Escherichia coli 026 : K60 (E. coli) and administered aminobenzyl penicillin (ABPC). BIO-4R was established in the intestinal tract at a level of 10(8) viable cells per gram of stool on the fourth day following oral inoculation and the BIO-4R population was stably maintained thereafter. The drug resistance of BIO-4R remained unchanged in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotes throughout the experiment. Highly resistant cells of E. coli were isolated from the feces of some dicontaminated mice after ABPC administration. However, it seems that the high resistance of these E. coli is not due to the transfer of resistance of BIO-4R to E. coli. All animals given a large amount of BIO-4R (10(8) cells) per os survived throughout the study period of two weeks without symptoms. PMID- 811836 TI - [Endless learning process in nursing]. PMID- 811835 TI - Chemical and immunological studies on the cell walls of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829. AB - The chemical and immunological properties of the cell walls prepared from the cells of anaerobic coryneforms, Propionibacterium acnes C7 and Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829, were partially investigated. The cell walls prepared from P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 were composed of fatty acids, polysaccharides consisting glucose, galactose and mannose and mucopeptides consisting mainly of alanine, glutamic acid, alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, muramic acid and glucosamine. As the fatty acid constituents of the cell wall of P. acnes C7, iso-pentadecanoic acid and iso-heptadecanoic acid were detected as major components. Both cell walls prepared from P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 showed potent adjuvant activity on the formation of circulating antibody and development of delayed type hypersensitivity in vivo and on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro, however, could not augment helper function of carrier-primed T cells and on the development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to mastocytoma P815-X2 cells in C57BL/6J mice. It is also shown that the cell walls of P. acnes C7 and C. parvum ATCC 11829 act on mouse spleen cells as mitogen. PMID- 811834 TI - Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions. III. Adjuvant effect of cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis BCG on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice. AB - A quantitative assay and characterization of oil-attached cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS) which stimulates cell-mediated immunity of spleen cells to alloantigens in mice were carried out by an in vitro cell mediated cytotoxicity test using 51Cr-labeled target cells. C57BL/6J mice (H-2b) were immunized intraperitoneally with mastocytoma cells (H-2d) with or without oil-attached BCG-CWS. The cytotoxicity, comparable to that of spleen cells from mice immunized with mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)), could be induuced in spleens of mice immunized with a mixture of mastocytoma cells (10(4)) and oil-attached BCG-CWS. The enhancing effect persisted from 55 days or more after the alloantigenic immunization. Oil-attached BCG-CWS enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity of T cells in the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node, but not in the thymus. The cytotoxicity showed specificity toward the alloantigen used for immunization. In addition to BCG-CWS, the cell walls of Nocardia rubra and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 and the peptidoglycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B were found to be potent stimulants of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice. Oil-attached BCG-CWS did not enhance humoral response to mastocytoma cells but enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity when viable mastocytoma cells were used as antigen. The above result was supported by the fact that anti hapten antibody response induced by viable trinitrophenyl (TNP)-mastocytoma cells (10(4)) plus oil-attached BCG-CWS did not increase to the maximum levels as was observed in mice immunized with a larger number of mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)) alone, while cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by the same treatment increased to the maximum level obtained by immunization with mastocytoma cells (3 X 10(7)) alone. PMID- 811837 TI - [On leaving the nursing profession]. PMID- 811838 TI - [An experience by a nursing instructor leading to her resignation: a conflict between the teaching staff and the administration of a nursing school]. PMID- 811839 TI - [Bedside nursing: psychiatric nursing of a young girl persistently refusing to attend school]. PMID- 811840 TI - [Bedside nursing: an interaction with an alocholic patient]. PMID- 811841 TI - [Introduction to music therapy]. PMID- 811843 TI - [Stress and diseases. 6. Stress and the nervous system]. PMID- 811842 TI - [Physiopathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 9. Cases of refractory decubitus ulcer--giant before and multiple bedsore]. PMID- 811844 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 6. The period of sexual maturation (2). Major diseases related to pregnancy]. PMID- 811846 TI - [Interview with Dr Peplau: future of nursing]. PMID- 811845 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents related to injections. 3. Injections into the triceps]. PMID- 811848 TI - [Observation on nursing in Canada]. PMID- 811847 TI - [Behavior of the nurse]. PMID- 811849 TI - [Personal satisfaction in nursing]. PMID- 811850 TI - [Personal satisfaction in nursing]. PMID- 811851 TI - [Personal satisfaction in nursing]. PMID- 811852 TI - [Personal satisfaction in nursing: an encounter with extremely hostile patients]. PMID- 811854 TI - [Moral support of the nurse]. PMID- 811853 TI - [Personal satisfaction in nursing]. PMID- 811855 TI - [Discussion: patients in the vegetable state and their life]. PMID- 811856 TI - [Discussion: Life supported by artificial means--a question concerning nursing of patients with hemodialysis]. PMID- 811857 TI - [From the nursing record of a cancer Ward. Life of a journalist, Takaya Kodama, from the time of hospital admission to his death]. PMID- 811858 TI - [Through the interaction with a patient with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 811859 TI - [Discussion: On nursing and medicine]. PMID- 811860 TI - [Bedside nursing: Nursing actions through reading sessions for diabetic patients in a psychiatric ward]. PMID- 811862 TI - [Patients' wishes directed toward medical personnel]. PMID- 811861 TI - [Bedside nursing: Nursing of a psychologically unstable patient with frequent complains during an extended hospitalization]. PMID- 811863 TI - [Circumstances leading to suicide in 3 aged patients]. PMID- 811865 TI - [Stress and diseases. 7. Stress and the endocrine system]. PMID- 811864 TI - [Pathophysiology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 10. Refractory and recurrent decubitus ulcer of the sacral region]. PMID- 811866 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 7. The period of sexual maturation. (3). Tumors]. PMID- 811867 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents related to injections. 4. Intramuscular injections in the gluteal region. (1)]. PMID- 811868 TI - [Observation on nursing in Canada]. PMID- 811870 TI - [Positive attitude of the nurse]. PMID- 811871 TI - [Physician-nurse interaction and conflict concerning a decision on continued enema application]. PMID- 811869 TI - [Discussion: Lack of responsible attitude in nurses]. PMID- 811872 TI - [Lack of humanity on the part of physicians affecting responsible nursing action]. PMID- 811873 TI - [Practice of responsible nursing for the establishment of positive professional philosophy]. PMID- 811874 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with acute leukemia]. PMID- 811875 TI - [Humanity as a basis for the nursing profession]. PMID- 811876 TI - [Importance of humane approach in nursing]. PMID- 811877 TI - [Adolescent psychology of children with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 811878 TI - [Pathology, prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcer. 6. Prevention and nonspecific, non-surgical treatment]. PMID- 811879 TI - [Stress and disease. 3. Stress and the circulatory system]. PMID- 811881 TI - [Oriental medicine. 6. Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion]. PMID- 811880 TI - [Aging and gynecological diseases. 3. Adolescence (1). Growth and process of sexual maturity]. PMID- 811883 TI - [Nursing as a professional entity]. PMID- 811882 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with acute myocardial infarct treated in the CCU]. PMID- 811884 TI - [Future of nursing profession as a professional entity]. PMID- 811885 TI - [Nurses' concept of the nursing profession: nurses' attitude and behavior in interpersonal relations]. PMID- 811886 TI - [The nurse as a member of the work force: specificity of the nursing duty]. PMID- 811887 TI - [Concept of nursing: an observation by the husband of a nurse]. PMID- 811888 TI - [Concept of nursing: an observation by the husband of a nurse]. PMID- 811889 TI - [Concept of nursing: an observation by a patient]. PMID- 811890 TI - [Concept of nursing: importance of the establishment of human rights in nursing profession]. PMID- 811891 TI - [Concept of nursing: analysis of the nursing profession by a nurse]. PMID- 811892 TI - [Discussion: nursing profession and femininity]. PMID- 811893 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with neurosis which took a fatal turn due to primary liver cancer]. PMID- 811894 TI - [Bedside nursing. Reduction of salivation by changing the position of the patient with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 811895 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with contracture of the femoral quadriceps]. PMID- 811896 TI - [Pathology, prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcer. 7. Bed and cushion materials for prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 811898 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 4. Adolescence (2). Menstruation disorders]. PMID- 811897 TI - [Stress and disease. 4. Stress and the digestive system]. PMID- 811899 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents involving injections. I. Description of clinical incidents]. PMID- 811900 TI - [Discussion: Hospitalization of children]. PMID- 811901 TI - [Hospital environment and child development]. PMID- 811902 TI - [Past and present of pediatric nursing]. PMID- 811904 TI - [Hospital environment and nursing of children: a prospect for the future]. PMID- 811905 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with senile dementia]. PMID- 811903 TI - [Hospitalization of a child in the department of pediatric psychiatry and his mental development]. PMID- 811906 TI - [Pathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 8. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 811907 TI - [Stress and diseases. 5. Respiratory diseases of psychosomatic origin]. PMID- 811908 TI - [Aging and gynecological diseases. 5. The stage of sexual maturity (1). Sexual cycles and sex hormones]. PMID- 811909 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents involving injections. 2. Subcutaneous injections]. PMID- 811910 TI - [A conversation with an aged patient with senile dementia--differentiation from pseudo-dementia]. PMID- 811911 TI - [Nursing care of adult leukemia patients - with special reference to prevention of infection]. PMID- 811912 TI - [Health instructions and continued nursing care of aged diabetic patients - with special reference to a patient with a 25-year history of diabetes]. PMID- 811913 TI - Studies on catalase activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens. PMID- 811914 TI - Survey on drug resistance of chicken coccidia collected from Japanese broiler farms in 1973. PMID- 811915 TI - Experimental fascioliasis in monkeys. I. Parasitological, clinical and pathological observations on monkeys infected with the "Japanese species" of Fasciola. PMID- 811917 TI - [Experimental studies on the anti-tuberculous effect of BB-K8 (author's transl)]. PMID- 811916 TI - Antepartum assessment in high-risk pregnancy. PMID- 811918 TI - New penicillins in the treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 811919 TI - Cellular immunity in experimental pyelonephritis. PMID- 811920 TI - [Rare complication of umbilical vein catheterization]. PMID- 811921 TI - [The enzyme activity of the blood serum of peptic ulcer patients in relation to method of operation]. PMID- 811922 TI - [Aminoacid spectrum of blood serum in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer under the parenteral caloric-nitrogen feeding regimen]. PMID- 811924 TI - [Rare complication of duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 811923 TI - [Perforation of the esophagus with a gastrostomy tube in a 4-year-old child]. PMID- 811925 TI - [Clinical investigations of the effect of tolbutamide and glibenclamide on pancreatic glucagon secretion (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of tolbutamide, glibenclamide, arginine and arginine in combination with glibenclamide upon insulin, glucagon and glucose serum levels have been studied in healthy young men. Sulphonylurea-induced hypoglycemia is followed by a reactive hyperglucagonemia. Arginine-induced hyperglucagonemia is not suppressed by sulphonylureas. While there exists no difference between tolbutamide and glibenclamide-stimulated glucagon secretion, there is one with regard to insulin secretion. PMID- 811927 TI - Ivan Illich faults world health care. PMID- 811926 TI - [The technique of quantitative determination of streptokinase in the patient's plasma (author's transl)]. AB - A method of a quantitative determination of plasma streptokinase concentrations in patients undergoing streptokinase infusion is described. The principle of this method is based on the clot lysis time recorded by the thromboelastograph. The test clot constituents were bovine fibrin, bovine plasminogen, human euglobulin, EDTA, human plasma (of unknown streptokinase quantity) and thrombin. As rather high concentrations (fixed excess) of plasminogen (euglobulin) and fibrinogen were present in the test coagulum, no interference with changing plasminogen and fibrinogen levels of the patient's plasma was observed. Furthermore, due to high EDTA concentrations, no interaction with platelet functions and coagulation factors took place. The standard deviation in measuring 2 u streptokinase in 1 ml human plasma was determined as s = +/- 0.19 u/ml, of 5 u streptokinase at s = +/- 0.47 u/ml and of 20 u streptokinase at s = +/- 2.5 u in 1 ml of human plasma. Plasma samples of patients undergoing fibrinolytic treatment were investigated with regard to their streptokinase content. Streptokinase concentration values varied between 0.7 u and 15 u/ml plasma. The average half life of streptokinase in the organism was 18 min. The decay of streptokinase in plasma at different temperatures and over various periods of time was also determined. A considerable loss of streptokinase in the plasma during storage at room temperature could be observed. Therefore, the determination procedures should be carried out without delay. PMID- 811928 TI - Clinical note--a case of bilateral dental fistula in a cynamolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). PMID- 811929 TI - Immunodiffusion in gels containing erythrocyte antigen. I. Theory for diffusion of antiserum from a circular well. PMID- 811930 TI - Early and late effects of irradiation for seminoma testis on the number of blood lymphocytes and their B and T subpopulations. AB - High voltage irradiation of the iliac and paraaortic lymph nodes for seminoma testis induces a grave, acute blood lymphocytopenia. A major part of this effect is probably caused by irradiation of the blood. Indications are presented that B lymphocytes are more gravely affected than T lymphocytes. It is possible that the treatment leaves a relatively radioresistant subpopulation of lymphocytes, mostly consisting of T lymphocytes. The total number of blood lymphocytes is normalized five to ten years after treatment. Six months after treatment the percentage of B lymphocytes is clearly higher than normal, remaining so for the first three years. The percentage of T lymphocytes is unchanged both during therapy and at all intervals thereafter. The results therefore indicate that the number of B lymphocytes is more rapidly normalized after radiotherapy than that of T lymphocytes, and that the post-irradiation lymphocytopenia is mainly a T lymphocytopenia. However, this shift in B/T lymphocyte ratio is not permanent, being completely or nearly normalized after ten years. This pattern of regeneration seems to be essentially the same in patients who have received additional treatment to the mediastinum, probably meaning that the thymus has only a marginal influence on the regeneration of T lymphocytes in the adult organism. It is possible that the rapid recovery of B lymphocytes relates to the ability of the bone marrow to extend into non-irradiated parts of the skeleton after radiation destruction. PMID- 811931 TI - Intravenous nutrition: evolution and current concepts. PMID- 811932 TI - Age-dependent micronuclear deterioration in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. AB - In the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1, senescence is marked both by mitotic and meiotic cytogenetic irregularities of the micronucleus (germinal nucleus) and by an increased frequency of cell death. Full vigor can be restored through the age-dependent process of genomic exclusion, which in prematurely senscent clones C, A III and A V results in the replacement of defective micronuclei but not in the development of new macronuclei (somatic nuclei). After a period of normal behavior, which lasts about 40 fissions in C and 100 fissions in A III and A V, the new micronucleus placed in the same cytoplasm as the old macronucleus again becomes defective and the rejevenated clone again shows signs of senescence. The origin of these defective micronuclei is traced to action of the old macronucleus. It is suggested that the time of course of aging is regulated through the accumulation of unrepaired damage to the micronuclear genetic material. PMID- 811933 TI - A method for injecting substances into the circulation to reach rapidly and to maintain a steady level. With examples of its application in the study of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. PMID- 811934 TI - Mechanics of spermatic fluid transport in the vas deferens. PMID- 811935 TI - The long-term care marketplace: an analysis of deficiencies and potential reform by means of incentive reimbursement. AB - This study analyzes the institutional, economic, and regulatory deficiencies of the long-term care sector of the health industry and develops an incentive reimbursement model as a means for correcting or ameliorating some of the stated deficiencies. The reimbursement model presents a schema which attempts to match patients to facilities, needs to services, and services to cost. A capital expansion coupon program is proposed, both as a suitable vehicle for channeling incentive rewards accruing to nonprofit institutions, and as a mechanism for subsidizing the approved expansion and/or renovation plans of "efficient" providers of care. PMID- 811936 TI - [Editorial: No forced feeding!]. PMID- 811937 TI - [General agreement on ethical declarations at the WMA general assembly in Tokyo]. PMID- 811938 TI - [Is it time to decentralize long term care]. PMID- 811939 TI - Norepinephrine and dopamine levels in normal dog and monkey spinal cord. PMID- 811940 TI - The effect of chronic marihuana usage on the immunological status of rheusus monkeys. PMID- 811941 TI - Intragastric self-administration of psychoactive drugs by the rhesus monkey. PMID- 811942 TI - Interaction of degraded iota carrageenans with plasma membranes: sedimentation of erythrocytes of different species. PMID- 811943 TI - Isolation of chromomycin A3 from a new subspecies of Streptomyces. AB - A streptomycete contaminant in a marine fungal culture was found to exhibit antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria. The active principle was determined to be a mixture of as many as 12 components which exhibited properties characteristic of the aureolic acid group of antibiotics. Chromatographic comparisons using reference materials revealed the major and second components of the antibiotic mixture to be indistinguishable from chromomycins A3 and A2, respectively. The major component was isolated using a series of column chromatographic and preparative tlc separations. Confirmation of the identity of the major antibiotic as chromomycin A3 was based on elemental analysis, optical rotation, spectral (uv, ir and nmr) characteristics, and properties of an acetate derivative. PMID- 811944 TI - [Possibilities of sector irradiation by a beam of electrons of a B5M-25 betatron]. PMID- 811945 TI - [Dosimetry of protons with 1000 MeV energy in medico-biological studies]. PMID- 811946 TI - [Energy distribution in thin layers of tissue-equivalent substance during passage of heavy charged particles]. PMID- 811947 TI - [Medical pion-mesonic beam of the Nuclear Problems Laboratory, United Institute of Nuclear Research]. PMID- 811948 TI - [Radiation load from secondary and scattered particles in irradiation with protons]. PMID- 811949 TI - [Experience in creating and prospects of use of the neutron medico-biological beam]. PMID- 811950 TI - [Formation of irradiation fields by use of the electron beam of a LUE-25 linear accelerator]. PMID- 811951 TI - [Calculation of parameters and certain physical characteristics of leveling filters for betatron electron beam]. PMID- 811952 TI - [Gamma therapy equipment]. PMID- 811953 TI - How they treat burns in the U.S.S.R. PMID- 811954 TI - What's your diagnosis? PMID- 811955 TI - What's your diagnosis? PMID- 811956 TI - How to recognize and treat diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 811957 TI - Advantages of continuous low dose insulin infusion in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 811958 TI - [Disorders of thrombocyte function in long-term dialysis. Inhibition of thrombocte aggregation as a measure of uremia-toxin efficacy]. PMID- 811959 TI - [Resistance to experimental Chagas' disease]. PMID- 811960 TI - [Experimental autoimmune orchitis]. PMID- 811961 TI - [Characteristic properties of culture media used in the sensitivity testing of mycobacteria]. PMID- 811962 TI - [Letter: Follow-up of patients with Chagas' disease outside the endemic area]. PMID- 811963 TI - [Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde as fixative and antimitotic agents (author's transl)]. AB - Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde produce a fixation effect at higher concentrations and an antimitotic one at lower concentrations. The arrested mitosis is characterized by immobilization of chromosomes in the equatorial plane, disappearance of all the spindle and astral fibers and "blocking" of centrospheres. It is a quinoline-like effect. The blocked centropheres persist at telophase or telo-prophase unlike the normal ones, which dissociate. This phenomenon is interpreted as a consequence of the storage of precursor material of microtubules in a more or less structural form around the centriole. PMID- 811964 TI - Pancreatic extract lung sensitivity. AB - Seven patients with respiratory tract sensitivity to powdered pig pancreatic extract were studied with regard to their atropic status and the immunological nature of this sensitivity. The results confirmed the role of allergen specific antibodies to pig pancreatic extract in this sensitization and underlined susceptibility of atopic subjects to develop respiratory sensitivity to allergens to which they are exposed. PMID- 811965 TI - [Some properties of carrier strains of Listeria monocytogenes (author's transl)]. AB - About 60 characteristics have been investigated in 7 hemolyzing and 12 nonhemolyzing strains of L. monocytogenes. From these investigations resulted inter alia that the organism grows well under strictly anaerobic conditions, esculin is split at 45 degrees C,NH3 is produced from peptone, but not from arginin, and H2S can be traced by sufficiently sensitive methods. All strains possess a lipase, muramidase, and deoxyribonuclease, the hemolytic ones only also a lecithinase. Besides, the hemolytic strains only dispose of experimental virulence and of a CAMP factor-like agent. The experimental animal of choice seems to be the conjunctivally infected guinea pig in which a generalized infection develops. PMID- 811966 TI - Nonspecific resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in mice infected and elicited with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Normal mice and mice displaying delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus were challenged with a lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes. Nonspecific antimicrobial activity was assessed by inhibition of bacterial growth in the spleen and by increased survival rates. Administration of specific staphylococcal antigen prior to challenge was a prerequisite for the induction of nonspecific resistance. Both the time of administering eliciting antigen and the route were important consideration for evoking the response. Similar responses were seen in 3 strains of inbred mice following immunization with both encapsulated and nonencapsulated staphylococci. Although enhanced resistance as measured by viable counts in the spleens was achieved after 2 injections, protection as measured by survival required 4 injections of S. aureus followed by elicitation with staphylococcal antigens. Nonspecific resistance could be detected as late as 9 weeks after the disappearance of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 811967 TI - Betatron-Quastler era at the University of Illinois. AB - New accelerator technology and a gathering of physicists and doctors interested in applications to therapy in the late 1940s made possible the development of early multimegavolt betatron techniques. Dr. Henry Quastler brought experience from an actual x-ray treatment, and Dr. Lester Skaggs joined the group to extract the electron beam. Some of the collaborating students were G.D. Adams, H.W. Koch, J.S. Laughlin, L.H. Lanzl and E.F. Lanzl. The physics staff had succeeded in sealing off a vacuum tube for the betatron, and further developments involved field flattening, exposure measurements, collimation, stray electron control, phantom tests, and development of a beam peeler. PMID- 811968 TI - Model for the calculation of output for elongated fields at nonstandard distances for a 25-MV betatron and for radiocobalt teletherapy units. AB - Output-area factors are usually provided only for square fields at one standard distance. To calculate dose for mantle, extended field, total nodal, subtotal body, and total body irradiation, output-area factors are required for a continuous range of shapes and distances. Dose rate measurements have been made for different elongation ratios at various distances with an Allis-Chalmers 25-MV betatron, an AECL Theratron-80 60Co unit, a Picker C-9 60Co unit, and a Picker C 10000 60Co unit. A model is presented that permits the extension of dose rates and area factors for square fields at one distance to elongated fields at any distance. An illustrative calculation for one of the units is given. PMID- 811969 TI - Lead shielding thickness for dose reduction of 7- to 28MeV electrons. AB - The relative percent dose reduction by lead of 7- to 18-MeV electrons with a Siemens betatron and of 19- to 28-MeV electrons with a Sagittaire linear accelerator has been measured with a thin-wall buildup chamber for 6.3 X 6.3- and 10.5 X 10.5-cm field sizes at the chamber position for the normal treatment source-to-skin distance (SSD) of each machine. The thickness of lead necessary to attenuate the open beam by 95-98% was then determined of 7- to 28-MeV electrons. The required thickness of lead to attenuate 95% of the 7- to 28-MeV electron beam ranged from 2.3 to 18 mm for the 6.3 X 6.3-cm field and from 2.4 to 23 mm for the 10.5 X 10.5-cm field, respectively. For 98% attenuation, thicknesses from 2.6 to 25.0 mm for the 6.3 X 6.3-cm field and from 2.8 to 27.5 mm of lead for the 10.5 X 10.5-cm field were necessary. PMID- 811970 TI - Simple design for a Styrofoam cutter. AB - The design and construction of a Styrofoam cutter used in the fabrication of custom shielding blocks is described. PMID- 811971 TI - Cromolyn sodium in pediatric asthma therapy. PMID- 811972 TI - The prognosis of seizures in the first three years of life. PMID- 811973 TI - Presence of D and I forms of glycogen synthase in adult frog liver. AB - Liver glycogen synthase from adult non-treated frogs is essentially completely dependent on glucose-6-P. Administration of glucose to the animals promotes the appearance of a form of glycogen synthase in absence of glucose-6-P. These two forms show different kinetic characteristics. The enzyme from glucose injected animals corresponds to an I form whereas the enzyme from non-treated animals appears to be a D form. PMID- 811974 TI - Cytopathology in viral diseases. Addendum: taxonomy of viruses. PMID- 811975 TI - [Gastroscopy and coronary risk (author's transl)]. AB - In 50 patients, both outpatients and inpatients, electrocardiograms were recorded in different phases during esophagogastroscopy. The changes which occurred, such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, and disorders of repolarization are discussed. The increased frequency during the initial stage of the endoscopy, which may assume an already dangerous dimension for patients with coronary heart disease, merits particular attention. PMID- 811976 TI - [The stomach probe in the physician's hand]. PMID- 811977 TI - [Phlebography of the upper extremity (author's transl)]. AB - Various modifications of phlebography of the upper extremity are described. Evaluation of 95 pathological phlebograms proves the importance of phlebographic early diagnosis in the Paget-Schrotter syndrome, in traumatic and iatrogenic vein lesions. A phlebographic delimitation of obstructed drainage, caused by tumors, from scarred stenosing is only seldom possible. PMID- 811978 TI - [The valence of radiodiagnostic methods for retroperitoneal fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The valence of radiological methods of examination for the diagnosis and observation of retroperitoneal fibrosis is presented with reference to 2 case reports and an analysis of 48 of our own patients. The i.v. urogram with breathing and profile exposures is the most important method of examination. Retrograde pyelography in the AP and lateral positions is often indispensable for preoperative diagnosis. Cavography and arteriogram are necessary to determine the extent of the vascular involvement and the extent of the fibrosis caudally. PMID- 811979 TI - [Physiological changes of amino acid secretion in 24-hour urine in adults]. PMID- 811980 TI - [Microscopic investigation of the partial stages of dissolution processes in urinary calculi (author's transl)]. AB - The formation of urinary calculi cannot yet be prevented with certainty. Consequently the dissolution of stones remains a focus of medical interest. The speed of solution of a calculus is not a quantity typical of the substance, but depends largely on the structural formation of the urinary calculi. With very different types of structure (e.g. Whewellite and Weddellite stones) the rate of dissolution can therefore fluctuate between wide limits in spite of similar phase composition. Consequently, type of structure, course of solution and rate of solution can be clearly correlated. Stones with relatively uniform structure formation (e.g. Struvite stones) on the other hand show largely similar solution rates. Medically, it is of interest that in certain structural types, solution may lead to disintegration of the stone into isolated solution residues. PMID- 811981 TI - [Circulating sperm antibodies in prostitutes (author's transl)]. AB - Spermatozoa antibodies are found uncommonly frequently in prostitutes both with regard to the spermatozoa immunofluorescence test and also sperm immobilisation. This is also true to a similar extent for the sperm immunofluorescence test in a group of women from infertile marriages, but not, on the other hand for the immobilisation test, in which the frequency of positive results in this group of women was significantly lower than in prostitutes. The outcome of comparative tests in virgins and fertile women were negative. The correlation of positive results in the sperm immobilisation test and in the sperm immunofluorescence test is strikingly small, so that a variable conclusiveness is to be assumed. Presumably, in the presence of sperm antibodies the probability of conception is reduced. PMID- 811982 TI - [Treatment of hypertension with a combination of prindolol and clopamide (author's transl)]. AB - The blood pressure lowering effects of prindolol (2 x 5 mg daily) and of the combination prindolol (2 x5 mg) + clopamide (10 mg) were investigated in a single blind controlled study on 61 patients with slight hypertension and compared with placebo in another group of patients. In both groups, a significant lowering of blood pressure, both lying down and standing, could be achieved, the fall in blood pressure in standing being significantly better with the combination treatment. The number of responders was greater with the combination therapy than with prindolol alone. PMID- 811983 TI - [A new drug in the therapy of rectal diseases]. PMID- 811984 TI - Distribution of bromouracil in the pyrimidine oligonucleotides of Drosophila DNA. AB - DNA was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster larvae fed radioactive thymidine (TdR), bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), or one of these nucleosides together with 5 fluorouracil (FU) under identical conditions. The four DNA samples designated T DNA, B-DNA, T(F)-DNA, and B(F)-DNA respectively were hydrolyzed with formic acid diphenylamine, and the pyrimidine oligonucleotides of various chain lengths (isotichs) were ractionated by DEAE-celluclose chromatography. The distributions of the labeled thymine and bromouracil (BU) residues among the pyrimidine isostichs were determined, and compared for the four DNAs. These comparisons indicated the following: (1) Similarity of T-DNA and T(F)-DNA with respect to labeled thymine distribution among the pyrimidine isostichs (using the mononucleotide to pentanucleotide tracts for statistical comparisons) showed that TdR entering DNA synthesis via the salvage pathway has the same distribution whether the synthetic pathway is operating normally or is inhibited by FU treatment. (2) Quantitative comparison of the distribution of BU among the isostichs of B-DNA and B(F)-DNA with the distribution of labeled thymine in T-DNA showed significant differences, indicating that the organism does not accept BUdR indiscriminately at all thymine sites for DNA synthesis. (3) Comparison of the distribution of BU in B-DNA and B(F)-DNA showed that isostichs 1 and 3 differ significantly. The elution profiles of the isostichs also differed qualitatively between these DNAs. This analysis confirms differential incorporation of BUdR into Drosophila DNA in the presence of a thymidylate inhibitor. The observations on BUdR incorporation in Drosophila DNA have been discussed with relation to the high frequency of somatic cell mutations induced in imaginal disc cells by treatment with the analog in the presence of inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 811985 TI - Light-chain nephropathy. Renal tubular dysfunction associated with light-chain proteinuria. AB - We observed idiopathic light-chain proteinuria in a patient with multiple abnormalities of proximal-tubule transport mechanisms (Fanconi syndrome), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and distal renal tubular acidosis. Seventeen of the 19 urinary amino acid levels measured were elevated. Uric acid and phosphate clearances were greater than 60 per cent and 50 per cent, respectively, of the simultaneous inulin clearance. When water deprivation was coupled with vasopressin administration, the maximum urinary concentration observed was 384 mOsm per kilogram of water. During ammonium-chloride loading, the level of hydrogen-ion concentration in the urine remained less than 100 times that in the blood. Kappa light-chain excretion was 149 mg per 24 hours. It appears that the concurrence of proximal tubular dysfunction, distal tubular dysfunction and light chain proteinuria represents a distinct syndrome, which we call "combined light chain nephropathy." Available evidence indicates that excessive light-chain production with subsequent filtration, reabsorption and catabolism, causes the complex tubular dysfunctions observed. PMID- 811986 TI - Letter: Pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 811987 TI - Letter: EDTA and T rosettes. PMID- 811988 TI - Phasing out state hospitals -- a psychiatric dilemma. AB - Whether state hospitals have a role in caring for mentally ill persons has been intensely debated for the past decade. During this time the inpatient census of public mental hospitals has fallen dramatically from 490,000 to 215,000 owing to increasingly effective treatment programs for acutely and chronically psychotic patients. The vast majority of patients currently cared for in state hospitals could be adequately treated in the community if a comprehensive spectrum of psychiatric services and residential alternatives were established. The failure to establish this network of community services before the discharge of thousands of patients has discredited the deinstitutionalization programs in many states, including California and New York, and forced California to abandon its plan to phase out all its state hospitals. Thus, although phase out of state hospitals is clinically feasible, it is unlikely at present since the fiscal and ideologic commitment to shift to community-based treatment is lacking. PMID- 811989 TI - Pituitary microadenoma and hyperprolactinemia: a cause of unexplained secondary amenorrhea. PMID- 811990 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-1976. PMID- 811991 TI - Letter: Parenteral nutrition at home. PMID- 811992 TI - Caffeine inhibits cell transformation by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. PMID- 811993 TI - Evidence for cell surface control of macronuclear DNA synthesis in Stentor. AB - In cell grafts, Stentor macronuclei associated with separate regions of cell surface can be made asynchronous with regard to morphology and DNA synthesis even though they demonstrably share a common endoplasm. These results suggest a mechanism for nuclear differentiation within a single cytoplasmic compartment, based on cell surface differences. PMID- 811994 TI - Identical sequence of light chains from rabbit anti-streptococcal antibodies. PMID- 811995 TI - Relationship of spontaneous fibrillation potentials to muscle fibre segmentation in human muscular dystrophy. PMID- 811996 TI - [Effect of hydrogen peroxide on Bacillus subtilis spores]. PMID- 811998 TI - [ABO blood-groups and Rh factor in psychical disorders]. PMID- 811997 TI - Effects of phentolamine, dihydroergocristine and isoxsuprine on the blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - Phentolamine, dihydroergocristine and isoxsuprine were compared for their effects on the blood pressure in anaesthetized normotensive rats, in rats made hypotensive by ganglionic blockade or by pithing and in rats with noradrenaline induced hypertension. Their ability to inhibit pressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and of the sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord was also investigated. All three drugs appeared very potent in inhibiting noradrenaline-induced hypertension and caused a dose dependent fall in blood pressure in normotensive rats, which however was less pronounced with dihydroergocristine than with phentolamine and isoxsuprine. In hypotensive rats, dihydroergocristine caused a rise in blood pressure. At higher doses than those required to block noradrenaline-induced hypertension, the three drugs inhibited pressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation and were equally active on peripherally- and centrally-evoked responses. Simultaneous recording of heart rate and blood pressure, both in anaesthetized and in pithed rats, indicated a reflex origin for phentolamine-induced tachycardia and a direct cardiac stimulation for isoxsuprine. Reflex changes of heart rate were not observed with dihydroergocristine. PMID- 811999 TI - [Extrapyramidal symptoms following Clozapine therapy. Case report]. PMID- 812000 TI - Nephropathy and mixed cryoglobulinemia: evidence for an immune complex pathogenesis. AB - Mixed IgM-IgG cryoglobulins were present in the serum of a patient with the nephrotic syndrome, recurrent purpura, chronic active hepatitis and ascites. A renal biopsy demonstrated deposition of IgM, IgG, and complement components C3 and C4 in intracapillary 'coagula' and glomerular capillary walls. No glomerular deposition of alternate complement pathway components was noted. Serum levels of C3 and C1q were depressed, and the cryoprecipitate which contained monoclonal chi type IgM and polyclonal IgG, behaved as an immune complex by in vitro C3 conversion tests. It is suggested that the renal disease resulted from entrapment of circulating cryoglobulin 'aggregates' having immunopathologic effects similar to those of immune complexes. PMID- 812001 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic observations in epileptic patients during long term treatment with benzonal]. AB - Benzonal was given to 52 epileptics. In 50 cases the duration of treatment ranged from 3 months to 7 years (mean 18 months) in doses of 100-500 mg daily, in 2 cases it had to be withdrawn after a short-term treatment because of intolerance. In all cases the drug was given together with other anticonvulsants: hydantoin, derivatives, mysodin, Tegretol, pheneturid or Ospolot in place of previously administered phenobarbital. It was found that benzonal reduced significantly the frequency of partial simple seizures (in 6 out of 20 cases) and grand mal seizures (in 24 out of 34 cases), while its action on the partial complex seizures was much weaker (improvement in only 7 out of 20 cases). The drug was usually well tolerated, side effects of greater intensity developed in 2 cases only, transient somnolence was observed in another 6 cases. In EEG records a slight favourable effect was exerted on pathological background activity with absent effect in focal changes and increase of seizure activity. The authors believe that in view of its favourable clinical action and good tolerance the drug may be widely used in properly selected cases of epilepsy. PMID- 812002 TI - Visual attention and inferotemporal cortex in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 812003 TI - Handedness and the evolution of the primate forelimb. PMID- 812004 TI - On-off response. Clinical and biochemical correlations during oral and intravenous levodopa administration in parkinsonian patients. AB - Seven parkinsonian patients who had severe on-off effects during chronic treatment with levodopa were studied. Marked swings in plasma dopa levels as well as in motor function followed each oral dose of levodopa. A constant intravenous infusion of levodopa resulted in stable plasma dopa concentrations and virtual disappearance of motor fluctuations. Notwithstanding steady plasma dopa levels, an abrupt decline in the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa attended postural tilting or cold pressore stimulation. Although these maneuvers were accompanied by a significant rise in plasma norepinephrine, the intravenous infusion of this catecholamine failed to influence the effect of levodopa on parkinsonian signs. The results suggest that central noradrenergic mechanisms as well as alterations in circulating dopa may contribute to the on-off response to levodopa. PMID- 812005 TI - Disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres. An alternative to hemispherectomy for the control of intractable seizures. AB - A boy with intractable siezures that had progressed to about 30 a day underwent complete disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres in January 1972. Using microsurgical technique, we followed the path described by Bogen and Vogel requiring division of the corpus callosum from rostrum to splenium, the anterior commisure, one fornix, and hippocampal commissure. Postoperative recovery was complicated by aseptic meningitis, which was treated with dexamethasone and, later by hydrocephalus, which was reduced by ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The patient improved rapidly and remains well. We believe that disconnection is a preferred alternative to hemispherectomy for control of intractable seizures arising from early damage to one cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 812006 TI - Motor effects of stimulation and ablation of the caudate nucleus of the monkey. AB - Electric stimulation of the caudate nucleus of the lightly anesthetized monkey was undertaken to demonstrate contralateral extremity movement. Contralateral forelimb flexion was observed in 75 percent of stimulations. The caudate nuclei were subsequently ablated, and 40 percent showed abnormal movements, mainly ipsilateral torticollis and ipsilateral eye deviation. The findings are consistent with previous studies using the caudate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 812007 TI - Isoniazid as an inhibitor of primidone metabolism. AB - Isoniazid inhibited the metabolism of primidone in a patient with focal seizures. The steady-state serum level of primidone rose when the patient received both drugs simultaneoulsy. The serum levels of the primidone metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide, fell and the rate of metabolism of primidone decreased. The results are similar to those observed when isoniazid is adminstered with diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 812008 TI - Grand mal seizures and acute intermittent porphyria. The problem of differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - A 36-year-old white man had both acute intermittent porphyria and long-standing idiopathic grand mal seizures. Diphenylhydantoin apparently adversely affected both the clinical and biochemical parameters of the acute intermittent porphyria. Comparison of urinary levels of the porphyrin precursors, delta aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen, under controlled diet conditions before and after withdrawal of diphenylhydantoin, showed that this drug accounted for approximately one-half of the porphyrin precursor excretion. Significant clinical improvement of the porphyria followed withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin. Bromides appeared to be approximately as effective as diphenylhydantoin for seizure control in this patient. PMID- 812009 TI - [Comparative light and scanning electron microscopy studies of dry prepared silverline systems of ciliates (Protozoa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 812010 TI - [Fluorescence microscopy of ciliates in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 812011 TI - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Department of Defense. PMID- 812012 TI - Federal Medical Chiefs on progress and plans. Department of the Army. PMID- 812013 TI - Federal Medical Chiefs on programs and plans. Department of the Air Force. PMID- 812014 TI - Federal Medical Chiefs on programs and plans. Veterans Administration. PMID- 812015 TI - Single dose oral antibiotics in the treatment and evaluation of venereally acquired acute urethritis in males. PMID- 812016 TI - An overview of dental findings and experiences in repatriated American prisoners of war from Southeast Asia. PMID- 812017 TI - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a case study. PMID- 812018 TI - An evaluation of military sentry dogs as a sentinel system to everglades virus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis Fe3-7C strain). PMID- 812019 TI - Alimentary reactive hypoglycemia: effects of DBI and dilantin on insulin secretion. PMID- 812020 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 812021 TI - Management of malaria exposure among operational aircrews. II. Prevention and control. PMID- 812022 TI - The DOA autopsy in army hospitals. PMID- 812023 TI - The army child psychiatrist: his varied roles in various settings. PMID- 812024 TI - Group Y meningococcal arthritis: case report. PMID- 812025 TI - Editorial: A strategy for ethical decision making. PMID- 812026 TI - [Insulin treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 812027 TI - [Comprehensive prevention in gerontology and geriatrics]. PMID- 812028 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in continuous-drip alimentation. PMID- 812029 TI - Repeated episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 812030 TI - Antibiotic treatment of secretory otitis media assessed by impedence audiometry. AB - Impedence audiometry was used to assess the response to treatment with antibiotics of children with secretory otitis media. Only ears with pressure at maximum compliance of less than --150mm water were included. There was a significant improvement with Bactrim, ampicillin and Vibramycin. There was no change without treatment and deterioration with penicillin. PMID- 812031 TI - Endodontic endosseous implants review on a biological basis. PMID- 812032 TI - Hypothalamic pituitary disorders expressed by galactorrhea. A dynamic evaluation. AB - Physiologic and pathologic production of milk involves complex relations between the mammary glands, hormones, and the central nervous system. In all the galactorrhea syndromes there is a functional or mechanical problem at the pituitary level, with abnormal secretion or reserve of prolactin secretion. Stimulatory agents of prolactin, like thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), chlorpromazine, amnio acids, and insulin, can be helpful in the study of the hypothalamic pituitary functional reserve, while the osmotic tests seem to provide a clear distinction between functional and tumoral causes. The inhibitory agents of prolactin secretion, L-dopa and CB 154, permit the study of the negative control of the hormone. In addition, CB 154 appears to be an effective treatment for functional galactorrhea. Hyperprolactinemia appears to exert an inhibitory influence on gonadotropins. Clomiphene, acting on the hypothalamus, and LHRH, acting on the gonadotropes, permit the assessment of the gonadotropic hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis. PMID- 812033 TI - Serum tyrosinase in malignant disease. PMID- 812034 TI - Pulp healing subjacent to corticosteroid- covered and amalgam-covered dentin. AB - Pulp inflammation was induced by placing soft carious human dentin and amalgam in Class V cavities prepared in sixty-five monkey teeth. These fillings were removed after 7 days, and the cavities were restored with either a corticosteroid containing cement and amalgam or amalgam only. The teeth were then removed after 7, 44, and 104 days. Healing occurred subjacent to both corticosteroid-covered and amalgam-covered dentin, but the healing subjacent to amalgam-covered dentin was generally less complete during the observation periods available. PMID- 812035 TI - [Balance of the usefulness and hazard of the antiseptic hexachlorophene]. PMID- 812036 TI - [Comparative study and recommendation of preserved blood to be used for total extracorporeal perfusion, with special reference to EDTA]. PMID- 812037 TI - [Plan of hygiene in infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B. pyocyaneum)]. PMID- 812038 TI - The striopallidal system: Its implication in motor disorders. PMID- 812039 TI - Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. AB - The erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum from Aotus trivirgatus were grown in Mill Hill medium. Significant invasion of erythrocytes was obtained by a subculture technique. This invasion, by parasites grown in Aotus erythrocytes, was greater when human erythrocytes were added to the cultures than when parasites were allowed to invade Aotus erythrocytes. This difference appeared to be a function of the properties of the erythrocyte and was not serum dependent. PMID- 812040 TI - In vitro isolation of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites using polycarbonate sieves. AB - A culture chamber fitted with a polycarbonate sieve has been used to isolate Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites as they are released from schizonts. A 3 mum pore size sieve allows passage of normal erythrocytes and red cells containing rings and trophozoites and can be used to concentrate schizonts from a mixed cell population. A 2 mum pore-size sieve retains normal and parasitized cells and provides uncontaminated merozoites in high yield (5 x 10(10) merozoites per ml schizonts). Merozoite viability diminishes rapidly during 30 min after isolation. These preparations should prove valuable for studies of the biochemical, physiological and antigenic properties of this transient phase of the malaria parasite. PMID- 812041 TI - [Comparative study of some quaternary ammoniums neutralizing agents. Influence of the nature of the bacterial strains used]. AB - The neutralising capacity of the anti-bacterial activity of a quaternary ammonium salt, depends on the nature of the bacterial strains used. Consequently, the choice of a neutralising agent of the bactericidal activity can only be made following a preliminary study on several bacterial species. Out of five products which we tested, we found the Tween-lecithin fresh egg mixture alone had satisfactory activity. PMID- 812042 TI - [Immunoglobulins A in the vagina. Assay and study of their specificity]. AB - The authors have titrated, by the Laurell technique, immunoglobulin A in vaginal washings ; the quantity of IgA found is higher for women having a pathogenic vaginal flora. Using immunofluorescence technique, and peroxydase-marked antibodies, the authors found specific IgA directed against Lactobacillus, N. gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans. PMID- 812043 TI - Incomplete rupture of the heart with diverticulum formation. AB - Two diverticula of the heart that caused no perceptible bulge in the cardiac outline were found at necropsy amongst 197 hearts from patients who had had myocardial infarcts. They lay within the wall of the left ventricle communicating with the left ventricular lumen by a small orifice, had mural thrombus in their lumens, were lined by connective tissue and surrounded by a healing or healed infarct. The lesions resulted from an incomplete rupture of the heart caused by the arrest of a haemorrhagic dissection en route from endocardial to epicardial surfaces through the infarcted ventricular wall. Resorption and organization occurred and a diverticulum formed. The distinct morphology of the diverticulum permits its differentiation from both a left ventricular aneurysm and a pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 812044 TI - Bacteria in ophthalmia neonatorum. AB - A four-year study of the bacteria isolated from neonatal eye swabs at Royal Women's Hospital, Brisbane has been carried out. Of infants admitted to nurseries 2.7% (571/21217) had positive cultures. The incidence of infection in permature non-premature nurseries was 9.7% (221/2273) and 1.8% (350/18944) respectively, a highly significant difference. There was a preponderance of Gram-negative organisms in the former (67%) and of Gram-positive organisms in the latter (69%), each a statistically significant difference. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated 8 times (1.4%) during this period. PMID- 812045 TI - Approaches to inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 812046 TI - Gastrointestinal changes in the malnourished child. PMID- 812047 TI - [Comparative evaluation of combined and complex methods of treatment of malignant tumors of the ovaries]. PMID- 812048 TI - [Large diverticulum of the bladder in pregnancy]. PMID- 812049 TI - Endocrine studies of the untreated progeny of thyroidectomized rats. AB - Experiments were conducted to assess late and persistent endocrine changes in the progeny of rats born and/or nursed by thyroidectomized (Tx) dams. Forty-five female rats were radiothyroidectomized several weeks before mating with normal males, and compared with the progeny of 26 control females. In all, 248 progeny were studied when adult. Tx dams had significantly reduced fertility (87% of controls), increased pup (11% versus 0) and maternal mortality (27% versus 0), and smaller litters (6.5 versus 11.8 pups/litter). It was shown that the offspring of thyroidectomized female rats had delayed eye opening (15.3 versus 14.3 days), smaller weaning (40.4 versus 54.4 g) and adult body weight (230 versus 260 g), smaller pituitary glands (12.2 versus 14.0 mg), and enlarged thyroid gland (14.2 versus 12.4 mg). Ovarian and testicular weight were decreased (73.9 versus 83.7 mg and 3.2 versus 3.6 g, respectively). The serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were increased from 53.8 to 84.4 muU/ml in the males. The pituitary TSH contents were not significantly altered, and the serum TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was normal. These persistent effects differed from the late effects of both fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism and neonatal underfeeding. Cross-fostering experiments showed that the diminished weaning weights were the result of the pups being nursed by the hypothyroid dams. The increased nursing mortality and the pituitary and thyroidal changes were the result of prenatal influences produced by the hypothyroid dams, since being nursed by a normal foster dam did not prevent them. The persistently enlarged thyroid glands and the elevated serum TSH in the male offspring of thyroidectomized dams suggested a permanent alteration in the set point of pituitary-thyroid regulation as the consequence of maternal hypothyroidism. PMID- 812050 TI - [Cerebrospinal meningitis in a 2-1/2-year-old child caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 812051 TI - Parents' knowledge of respiratory disease: A comparison of inner-city and suburban parents. AB - The difference in knowledge of common diseases between inner-city parents and suburban parents may be even greater than generally thought. Measuring this difference should serve to emphasize the general neglect of the subject of parent (or patient) education in medical schools, residency programs, and in pediatric texts and journals. The present study of parents' knowledge of respiratory disease shows that inner-city parents scored 20 points lower than suburban parents (67% vs. 87%). In the inner-city group Spanish-American parents scored 11 points lower than non-Spanish-American parents (61% vs. 72%). Thus, the urgent need for better health education, especially in the inner city, is emphasized. Several basic reviews of articles on health education show clearly that this subject is very complex and poorly understood by many investigators. Adequate controls are hard to establish, and long-term benefits are hard to prove. Hospitals are reluctant to spend additional funds on health education unless a convincing cost-benefit relationship can be shown. However, the costs of ignoring the problems of health education are probably much greater than the costs of conducting a well-organized program. PMID- 812052 TI - Nasoduodenal versus nasogastric feeding in the very low birthweight infant. AB - The practicality, effectiveness, and safety of feeding very low birthweight infants (less than 1,300 gm) by continuous nasoduodenal infusion was assessed by comparison with continuous nasogastric feeding. The nasoduodenal group appeared to have a clear advantage over the nasogastric group for the overall period in terms of caloric intake (131 cal/kg/day vs. 106 cal/kg/day), average weight gain (16 gm/day vs. 10 gm/day), and safety. This advantage was even more striking in the first two weeks of life. A caloric intake of 120 cal/kg/day could be reached within 48 to 72 hours after tube placement in the nasoduodenal group but only after a week in the nasogastric group. Nasoduodenal feeding resulted in faster weight gain than comparable published data on conventional feeding, peripheral intravenous alimentation, and parenteral alimentation. There were no cases of aspiration associated with tubes placed in the duodenum whereas two cases of aspiration pneumonia were associated with tubes placed in the stomach. With the tip of the catheter in the duodenum, none of the complications reported with nasojejunal tubes (intussusception, perforation, or necrotizing enterocolitis) were seen, either in the initial pilot study reported here or in 50 additional infants. PMID- 812053 TI - [Gangrenous-perforative Meckel's diverticulum in an infant]. PMID- 812054 TI - Dynamic properties of eye position coded neurons in the alert monkey during saccades. AB - Single units in the regions of the III, IV and VI nuclei were recorded together with EOG's for horizontal and vertical eye positions in alert macaques. The sequential analysis for several dynamic parameters of the activity patterns in correlation to the saccade velocity for saccades in the on-direction leads to the results that: 1. eye position coded neurons can clearly be separated into two main classes [early peak (EP) and late peak (LP] by means of their activity patterns during saccades in the on-direction; 2. the maximum impulse rate of EP neurons shows a better correlation with saccade velocity than the difference between maximum and initial impulse rate while the opposite is valid for LP neurons. EP neurons are likely to be motoneurons which initiate saccadic eye movements whereas LP neurons are too slow for this task because they reach their maximum impulse rate after half the saccadic time. The dynamic properties of LP neurons have several features similar to those of primary stretch receptors during ramp-like stretches. The possible influence of fusimotor activity on the oculomotor system is discussed. The fact that the relationship between dynamic index and saccade velocity shows subgroups of data supports the assumption that the state of alertness changes instantaneously in untrained monkeys. PMID- 812055 TI - [Prolactin adenoma. Hypophysectomy during pregnancy]. AB - The authors report a case of amenorrhoea with galatorrheoa due to a prolactin adenoma secondary to an inducer of ovulation (HMG and HCG) and in which pregnancy occurred. There was sudden progression of the adenoma with formation of a haematoma and the necessity for emergency surgery. In the light of this case, the risks and indications of inducers of ovulation in the sterile woman complaining of amenorrhoea with galactorrhoea are discussed. PMID- 812056 TI - [Letter: Significance of achromic spots in the infant]. PMID- 812057 TI - [Antibacterial and pharmacokinetic actions of amoxicillin]. PMID- 812058 TI - [Sensitivity of Streptococcus A and B towards penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin and amoxicillin]. PMID- 812059 TI - [Method of evaluation of the efficiency of an antibiotic in chronic bronchitis. Application to the study of amoxicillin]. PMID- 812060 TI - [Letter: Double blind study of hydergine in aged patients]. PMID- 812061 TI - [The P.P.S.B. coagulant fraction]. PMID- 812062 TI - [T.R.H. test in 93 cases of thyroid disease]. AB - The authors used the stimulation of TSH test by intravenous injection of TRH in 93 patients. They obtained a negative or weak response in thyrotoxicosis, toxic adenomas, and Means syndrome, and a normal response with non-extinctive hot nodules. The response was positive and high in primary hypothyroidism. The results are sometimes paradoxal in hypothalamo-pituitary pathology even after hypophysectomy: a delayed and elevated response is in favour of a pituitary reserve of non-utilised TSH. In non-functional goitres and thyroiditis, the sometimes positive responses obtained are an indication for substitutive and depressive therapy. PMID- 812063 TI - [Letter: Waldenstrom's disease accompanied by osteocondensation. 1 case]. PMID- 812064 TI - [Letter: Intestinal occlusion caused by a balloon catheter. 2 cases]. PMID- 812065 TI - [Acquired C1-esterase inhibitor deficiencies during lymphoid syndromes]. AB - Very marked abnormalities of the complement system were discovered in two patients suffering from a lymphoid syndrome and an IgM 7S dysglobulinaemia. The abnormalities in the complement system were related to a deficiency in C1 esterase (C1 INH). Several findings suggest that such a deficiency is acquired, in particular the absence of any family history of angio-neurotic oedema and, above all, the detection of a marked fall in levels of the C1 fraction which does not exist in the congenital form of deficiency of the inhibitor. The IgM 7S immunoglobulins found in the serum of both patients are probably responsible for the abnormalities in the complement system observed. Such acquired deficiencies in C1 INH are extremely rare since only a few cases have been reported in the literaute, in particular two cases in patients with lymphosarcoma with a serum IgM 7S. PMID- 812066 TI - [Letter: Discovery of enteral feeding]. PMID- 812067 TI - [Pro- and antiprolactin agents. Diagnostic and therapeutic values]. PMID- 812068 TI - Thoughts on care of the elderly: a life worth living. PMID- 812069 TI - Infectious diseases. Enteric fever, Salmonella, and food poisoning. PMID- 812070 TI - Food poisoning from take-away foods. PMID- 812071 TI - Unusual side effects during disodium cromoglycate (intal) therapy in a case of bronchial asthma (case report). PMID- 812072 TI - Cromolyn and deep inspiration-induced bronchoconstriction. PMID- 812073 TI - The impact of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol on patients with reversible airways obstruction attending a chest clinic. PMID- 812074 TI - Effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on bronchial provocation test reactions. PMID- 812075 TI - Long-term treatment of asthma with beclomethasone dipropionate. PMID- 812077 TI - [Direct and mixed Coombs' tests in children of mothers with Rh immunization]. PMID- 812076 TI - Sensible prescribing. XI.--Juvenile and adult epilepsy. PMID- 812078 TI - [Method of obtaining anti-Rh sera]. PMID- 812079 TI - [Case of RH-sensitization in primigravidae]. PMID- 812080 TI - [Results of remote observations of "immune" donors with Rh-negative blood subjected to active immunization and re-immunization with Rh-positive blood]. PMID- 812081 TI - [Experience with obtaining large amounts of anti-rhesus serum by means of donor immunization]. PMID- 812082 TI - [Use of non-setting solutions of gelatin as a solvent for hemagglutinating sera containing incomplete antibodies]. PMID- 812083 TI - Ultrafiltration for middle molecules in uraemia. AB - An ultrafiltration system for the purification of toxic substances is demonstrated. Using this system, it is possible to eliminate substances with a molecular weight up to 5,000 in the same amount as smaller molecules. The clearances for smaller molecules are lower and for larger molecules higher compared to haemodialysis and they depend mainly on the ultrafiltrate flow. Amino acid loss did not exceed the amount which was eliminated by plate haemodialysers. Side effects, such as excessive haemolysis, platelet or fibrinogen depletion, were not to be found. PMID- 812084 TI - Homeostasis and action of parathyroid hormone in normal man and patients with mild renal failure. AB - Patients with mild renal failure have elevated blood levels of PTH, and acute hypocalcaemia in these patients produced a greater increment in blood PTH than in normal subjects. There was also a delay in the recovery from hypocalcaemia in patients with mild renal failure as compared to normal subjects. The data are consistent with the presence of skeletal resistance to the calcaemic action endogenous PTH in patients with mild renal failure. This abnormality is probably responsible for the hypocalcaemia of patients with renal failure and to the state of secondary hyperparathyroidism in such patients. PMID- 812085 TI - Human pituitary growth hormone: a biologically active hendekakaihekaton peptide fragment corresponding to amino-acid residues 15-125 in the hormone molecule. AB - A hendekakaihekaton peptide fragment has been prepared by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the NH2-terminal 134-residue fragment of human pituitary growth hormone. It was characterized by amino-acid and end-group analyses, exclusion chromatography, disc electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and ultracentrifugation. The fragment, corresponding to amino-acid residues 15-125 in the hormone molecule, possesses hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17; L ornithine carboxy-lyase) stimulating, lactogenic, and somatotrophic activity. It has immunoreactivity in the microcomplement-fixation and radioimmunoassay experiments. The circular dichroism data indicate that the hendekakaihekaton peptide fragment is devoid of secondary and tertiary structure. PMID- 812086 TI - Conditions controlling commitment of differentiation in Bacillus megaterium. AB - The developmental stage at which cells of Bacillus megaterium are committed to continue differentiation, i.e., sporulation, depends on both the previous growth medium and the new medium to which the cells are transferred for the commitment test. The latest "stage of no return," after which cells continue differentiation, no matter how rich in nutrients the medium, is reached as soon as the forespore is completely surrounded by a double membrane. PMID- 812087 TI - Identification of aldosterone-induced proteins in the toad's urinary bladder. AB - Aldosterone (the 8,11-hemiacetal 0f 11beta,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-4-pregnen-18 al) markedly stimulates sodium transport in a number of epithelial tissues. We have attempted to determine whether aldosterone induces the synthesis of specific protein(s) in the course of its action upon the toad urinary bladder. Paired hemibladders were incubated in media containing either [3H]methionine or [35S]methionine; aldosterone in physiologic concentrations was added to one bath and, after incubation, the intact "mitochondria-rich" (MR) and "granular" (G) mucosal cells were isolated. The ratio (3H/35S) was used to identify proteins whose synthesis was induced in the mucosal cells of the steroid-treated bladders. Using exclusion gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing, we identified several aldosterone-induced proteins in the supernatant (105,000 x g) fraction of the MR cell. None was evident in this fraction of the G cell. These proteins have apparent molecular weights ranging from 17,000 to 38,000 and the isoelectric point of the major component is 4.5. Corticosterone (11beta,21-dihydroxy-4 pregnene-3,20-dione) induced the synthesis of proteins in the G cells, but none of these proteins was similar in molecular weight to the aldosterone-induced proteins in the MR cell. Our findings support the hypothesis that aldosterone induces the synthesis of specific proteins and indicate that, in this tissue, these proteins are synthesized by the MR cell. PMID- 812088 TI - Comparison between macrophage activation and enhancement of nonspecific resistance to tumors by mycobacterial immunoadjuvants. AB - It has repeatedly been observed that various bacterial preparations could increase the host's resistance to tumors. It has also been shown that after nonspecific activation by BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin), peritoneal macrophages could inhibit in vitro the growth of neoplastic target cells. In the present study a fraction extracted from Myobacterium smegmatis and referred to as interphase material was tested in view of measuring its ability to activate macrophages in vitro and in vivo. This preparation was previously shown to protect mice against a syngeneic leukemia and to increase the immune response of the guinea pig. Other water-soluble adjuvants devoid of demonstrable antitumor activity in vivo were also assayed. The results argue in favor of a correlation between adjuvant activity and the capacity of activating macrophages. Moreover, interphase material administered in vivo consistently induced stronger and more persistent stimulations of macrophages than the other preparations assayed. PMID- 812089 TI - Antibody to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. AB - Antibody to homogeneous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.31, nucleoside triphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase) from calf thymus gland has been prepared using crosslinked antigen derivatives in rabbits. The antisera produced precipitate and neutralize homologous antigen, and crossreact with human, chicken, mouse, and rat terminal transferase. Antiserum to pure terminal transferase provides greatly expanded analytical capabilities for further studies on terminal transferase biology and structure. PMID- 812090 TI - Further comments on the ascorbic acid requirement. AB - Recommended Daily Allowances (US RDA) of the Food and Drug Administration for ascorbic acid are higher than Recommended Dietary Allowances (set by the Food and Nutrition Board) for adults. There is a 6-fold margin between the requirement to prevent scurvy and the US RDA. The high requirement reported for the rhesus monkey may be needed to compensate for oxidative catabolism of ascorbic acid in this species. The rate of production of ascorbic acid, in mammals that synthesize it has been listed as 3-19 g/70 kg per day. If this high rate of synthesis represents the requirement of such animals, mutations that caused a loss of ascorbic-acid-synthesizing ability would be eliminated by natural selection on diets that failed to supply these large quantities. The loss of ascorbic-acid synthesizing ability by human beings could indicate a low requirement, which has enabled our species to spread to regions of the earth where dietary sources of ascorbic acid are poor. PMID- 812091 TI - Antibody nature of circulating inhibitor of plasma von Willebrand factor. AB - A circulating plasma inhibitor of the "von Willebrand factor" was observed in a multiply tranfused subject with severe von Willebrand's disease. The platelet active von Willebrand factor is associated with a plasma protein macromolecular complex that is deficient in the disease. The inhibitor appears to be an IgG antibody, kappa type, based on neutralization tests with goat antisera to specific human immunoglobulins. The IgG and inhibitor separated out together in plasma fractions obtained by "salting-out" and chromatographic procedures. Two separate inhibitor neutralization tests for the platelet-active factor, one with human plasma and ristocetin, the other with bovine plasma, gave similar results, based on the macroscopic aggregation time test of fixed human platelets. With cryoprecipitate transfusions the inhibitor was transiently neutralized with the temporary appearance of von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, and factor VIII-like antigen in the plasma. The plasma inhibitor level increased after transfusion, suggesting an anamnestic response. Lower titer inhibitor plasmas neutralized only the platelet activity. Highest titer plasma also neutralized human factor VIII, but only in part; it did not neutralize either bovine factor VIII or the human small active factor VIII fragment. The anti-factor VIII activity of the von Willebrand factor inhibitor may be due to steric hindrance, dependent on the spatial relationship of factor VIII sites on the macromolecular complex. PMID- 812092 TI - Effect of hypothalamic deafferentation on thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels in rat brain. AB - The medial basal hypothalamus was isolated from the remainder of the brain of the rat using a Halasz knife. Ten to 14 days after the surgical procedure the concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone within the island of hypothalamic tissue was 76% lower than in tissue from sham-operated control rats. Thus, much of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone that is normally present in the medial basal hypothalamus may be synthesized by cells outside of this region. There were no reductions in hormone levels in regions outside of the hypothalamic island after the surgical procedure. Extrahypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone does not appear to be produced by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. PMID- 812093 TI - Evidence of homologous relationship between thermolysin and neutral protease A of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A comparison of the partial amino-acid sequence of neutral protease A from Bacillus subtilis with the structure of thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.4) from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus reveals that these two proteins are homologous. Of 171 residues placed in neutral protease (54% of the sequence), 83 residues (49%) occur in identical positions in thermolysin, and include nine of the 13 residues previously identified as components of the active site of thermolysin. This similarity provides support for the hypothesis that the two enzymes have similar three-dimensional structures and a common mechanism of action. Since these enzymes differ markedly in their resistance to heat inactivation, a comparison of their structures may eventually provide a chemical basis for explaining the differences in their thermal stability. PMID- 812094 TI - Contraction of isolated smooth muscle cells by inophore A23187. AB - Ionophore A23187 causes contraction of smooth muscle cells isolated from the stomach muscularis of Bufo marinus. The peak response is reached within 10 sec of inophore addition and then decays to a lesser, sustained contraction. The initial phase of contraction is maximal at A23187 concentrations greater than 5 X 10(-6) M and half maximal at 5 X 10(-7) M. Chelation of extracellular calcium by ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) does not affect the initial contraction produced by A23187, whereas it inhibits completely the sustained, secondary phase. Addition of calcium in excess of EGTA restores this phase rapidly and fully to control levels of contraction. A23187 produces a maximal, rapid contraction of muscle cells previously depolarized by incubation in high potassium medium. The ionophore also contracts isolated strips of stomach smooth muscle. A23187 appears to produce contraction of the isolated smooth muscle cells by transmembrane transport of calcium into the cytoplasm from both intracellular and extracellular sources. PMID- 812095 TI - Guanosine metabolism and regulation of fruiting body construction in dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A cell aggregate of Dictyostelium discoideum either constructs a fruiting body directly or transforms into a migrating slug and fruits later on in some other locale. In the presence of formycin B, an inosine analog, and in an environment that otherwise favors fruiting, aggregates having reached a relatively late (17 hr) stage of fruit construction abandon that program and transform into migrating slugs. They then revert to the fruiting mode and construct normal fruiting bodies without further interference [Brackenbury et al. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 90, 529 539]. The data presented here suggest that formycin B exerts its morphogenetic effect by interfering competitively with the metabolism of guanosine. Thus: see article. The recovery from formycin B is thought to result from the ensuing accumulation of guanosine and reversal of the inhibition. In support of this are the following: (1) Formycin B does cause, in vivo, an accumulation of guanosine. Exogenoug guanosine reverses the effect of formycin B, depending on their relative concentrations. (2) Guanosine is phosphorylitically cleaved to guanine and ribose-1-P by purine ribonucleoside phosphorylase (purine nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyl transferase, EC 2.4.2.1), present in D. discoideum extracts, and formycin B is a competitive inhibitor or this reaction with a very high affinity for the enzyme. (3) Four other analogs, also competitive inhibitors of this enzyme, produce precisely the same morphogenetic deviation. The concentrations required are consistent with the relative K1 values. PMID- 812096 TI - Structure of tight junctions in epithelia with different permeability. AB - Freeze-fracture studies have shown a network of intramembrane fibrils in the tight junctions of epithelia. A direct correlation between the number of fibrils and junctional permeability has been suggested by previous studies. However, we have made two groups of observations showing that junctional permeability is not univocally related to the complexity of the network revealed by freeze-fracture. (i) The tight junctions of the rabbit ileum mucosa are permeable to lanthanum, although they have a complex network of fibrils resembling the junctions of toad urinary bladder, which are impermeable to lanthanum. (ii) The tight junctions of the toad urinary bladder are normally of low permeability; however, when the luminal solution is made hypertonic with lysine, junctional permeability markedly increases and lanthanum permeates through the tight junctions. In freeze-fracture replicas, no differences between the fibrils of control and lysine-treated bladders were found. Our results indicate that junctional permeability is controlled not only by the complexity of the fibrilar network, but that some features of the junctions or the fibrils themselves, not yet revealed by electron microscopy, play a central role in regulating epithelial permeability. PMID- 812097 TI - Chromosome puff activity and protein synthesis in larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Secretion proteins from larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster were analyzed with acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four fractions were found; three showed electrophoretic variants in different wild-type stocks. Crossbreeding and cytogenetic techniques were used to localize the genes responsible for the two main fractions: The gene for fraction 3 was found to lie within a segment of the third chromosome which includes section 68C; the gene for fraction 4, Sgs-4, was found to lie within section 3C8-3D1 of the X chromosome (1 - 3-5). The puffs within these sections of the giant chromosomes are active before and during secretion synthesis and become inactive as secretion synthesis ceases. Larvae of one wild-type stock which lack protein fraction 4 do not exhibit any puffing in 3C. The relative amount of protein 4 in the salivary secretion shows a marked dependence on the dosage of the Sgs-4 gene in both duplication and deficiency genotypes. The active site within puff 3C11-12 apparently contains the structural gene for protein 4. PMID- 812098 TI - Primary structure of a deleted human lambda type immunoglobulin light chain containing carbohydrate: protein Sm lambda. AB - An internal molecular deletion occurring in a human lambda type immunoglobulin light (L)-chain (Sm lambda) has been defined by sequence analysis. The Sm protein was isolated from the urine of a patient with a plasma cell dyscrasia involving the synthesis of an IgG molecule with both deleted gamma and lambda subunits. The Sm lambda polypeptide chain has an approximate molecular weight of 15,000 and contains 135 amino-acid residues. The constant (C) region is fully intact, comprising 105 residues, whereas the variable region (V) has only 30 residues. The V-region segment represents residues 1 through 30 of normal lambda chains and possesses considerable homology (87%) to lambda chains of subgroup II. Since lambdaII proteins normally contain 216 amino-acid residues, the defect represents an intramolecular deletion of 81 residues, which is entirely confined to the carboxyterminal three-quarters segment of the V-region, with a resumption of normal synthesis at a glutaminyl residue at position 110, the initiation point of the C-region. Carbohydrate is attached to an Asx residue at position 25, in the first hypervariable region, associated with the sequence triplet Asx-Ser-Ser, which is postulated to be a common recognition site for glycosylation of immunoglobulins. The carbohydrate moiety is a complex oligosaccharide with a branched chain structure containing sialic acid, fucose, mannose, N acetylglucosamine, and galactose. These structural studies and other findings suggest that restricted areas in the DNA of immunoglobulin genes, such as the hinge regions of heavy (H) and light (L) chains and the hypervariable regions, are particularly susceptible to breakage and reunion. We postulate that the genetic defect of protein Sm could have originated from a somatic mutational event in the plasmacyte precursor during or after the integration of the V and C genes. These studies provide additional support for the hypothesis and two distinct structural genes encode a single immunoglobulin polypeptide chain. PMID- 812099 TI - Evolution of human longevity and the genetic complexity governing aging rate. AB - Genetic complexity of processes governing the aging rate of man was estimated by determining the maximum rate lifespan has evolved along the hominid ancestral descendant sequence. Maximum lifespan potential was found to have increased approximately 2-fold over the past 3 million years, reaching a maximum rate of increase of 14 years per 100,000 years about 100,000 years ago. It is estimated that about 0.6% of the total functional genes have received substitutions leading to one or more adaptive amino acid changes during this 100,000-year time-period. This suggests that aging is not the result of an expression of a large number of independently acting processes. Instead, primary aging processes appear to exist where only a few genetic changes are necessary to decrease uniformly the aging rate of many different physiological functions. PMID- 812100 TI - Aging and its relation to cell growth and differentiation in Drosophila imaginal discs: developmental response to growth restricting conditions. AB - The development of Drosophila organ discs can be arrested by culturing them in adult male flies. These aged discs lose some of their differentiation competence and form incomplete imaginal structures. The more advanced the aging, the greater the loss of competence. Discs made to differentiate prematurely show deficiencies similar to aged discs. The age-induced defects can be repaired in a larval milieu. Special hormonal conditions, but not cell multiplication, are apparently involved in the recovery process. PMID- 812101 TI - Ecological studies of the microbial flora of the female lower genital tract. PMID- 812102 TI - [Obstetrician's approach to deep phlebitides during pregnancy]. AB - The attitude of the obstetrician faced with deep phlebitis in the course of pregnancy. PMID- 812103 TI - Accelerated RNA turnover in toad urinary bladder epithelial cells during early aldosterone action. AB - Demonstration of increased nuclear RNA specific radioactivity in epithelial cells scraped from isolated toad urinary bladder after brief treatment with aldosterone is shown to depend on the quantity of exogenous uridine supplied. By comparing the rate of incorporation of the nucleoside [6-3H] uridine into nuclear RNA at two different exogenous uridine concentrations, an estimate of the relative contribution of exogenous and endogenous nucleoside to the intracellular precursor pool was obtained. Based upon such an experimental model, we found that aldosterone significantly increased the contribution from endogenous precursor and conclude that one effect of the steroid in this isolated tissue is to accelerate RNA turnover. Accelerated RNA turnover, resulting from hormone treatment, was further substantiated by demonstarting a significant decrease in [6-3H] uridine concentration of the precursor pool of prelabeled cells following unlabeled uridine chase. Although evaluated, no evidence for aldosterone increasing the uptake of [6-3H] uridine into the acid-soluble precursor pool was found. In addition, the uridine concentration was shown not to be a rate-limiting step for the bioelectric demonstration of aldosterone-stimulated active Na+ transport. PMID- 812104 TI - The influence of intestinal absorption of an amino acid on the subsequent absorption of the same amino acid. AB - Cysteine absorption was determined in an intestinal segment "in situ" in the rat under general anaesthesia, perfusing the segment twice for 30 minutes, at one hour interval, with the same amount of cysteine dissolved in a 0.85% NaCl solution. At the second perfusion, absorption of the amino acid was about half that at the first perfusion. As the first perfusion reduces absorption even in a segment not previously perfused, and intraperitoneal injection of cysteine does not influence absorption, it is postulated that an inhibitory factor, released from the intestinal wall, intervenes by humoral route in the regulating mechanism of the absorption of amino acids. PMID- 812105 TI - A renin-like activity in pineal gland and hypophysis. AB - Using Boucher micromethod for determining renin activity in the rat pineal gland and hypophysis tissues, before and after NaCl 10% i.v. administration, the normal rats showed an average value of 96.8 +/- 21 ng Ang/g/h at the hypophysis level, and 325 +/- 66 ng Ang/g/h in epiphysis. In rats previously treated with 1--1.5 ml. NaCl 10% i.v., a more reduced renin-like activity was found both in hypophysis and epiphysis, that is 36.5 +/- 13 ng Ang/g/h and 144.5 +/- 38 Ang/g/h, respectively. In keeping with the previous data regarding the drinking and ADH-releasing effects of angiotensin, the obtained results plead for a possible participation of the cerebral glandular tissue renin in the self regulating of the hydroelectrolytic balance. PMID- 812106 TI - [Biochemical assessment of the state of thiamine nutrition in patients with neuroses]. PMID- 812107 TI - Feeding behavior in the rat with isolated medial hypothalamus. AB - After complete, unilateral, frontolateral, dorsal isolation of the medial hypothalamus, VMH included, or fornix section above the hypothalamus, total food consumption and diurnal pattern of food intake were followed 85 days postoperatively. It is suggested that the saftety signals are generated not only in VMH nucleus, but in a VMH-retrochiasmatic region located anteriorly to the VMH. PMID- 812108 TI - [Electrocardiographic characteristics of aging and aged persons]. PMID- 812109 TI - Glucidic and lipidic metabolic changes in rats induced by irradiation and the effect of adrenalectomy. AB - In experiments on X-irradiated rats (1000 R) the hepatic glycogen, total lipids, phospholipids content, and plasma glucose, cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein concentration were determined in intact and adrenalectomized animals. It was confirmed that irradiation produces a hepatic glycogen and blood glucose increased concentration. The glucidic metabolic response on irradiation is diminished by adrenalectomy. The adrenalectomy-induced modifications in the lipid metabolism of irradiated rats are more inconstant, which corresponds with its relative independence from glucocorticoid hormones. PMID- 812110 TI - Plasma corticosterone secretion in rats after irradiation. AB - In this material it was confirmed that the irradiated rats present a two-phase corticosterone hypersecretion. The responses are greater to higher doses of irradiation (700 R as compared with 500 R). The postirradiation hyperglycemia is not correlated with the corticosterone hypersecretion, having its peak value a day before. PMID- 812111 TI - [Anatomo-scintigraphic comparisons in hepato-biliary exploration and irradiation of the critical organ]. PMID- 812112 TI - [Study of hepatic cirrhosis using radioactive technetium]. PMID- 812113 TI - Researches regarding the effect of total x-ray irradiation on the collagen metabolism in rats. AB - 1. Hydroxyproline is an amino acid specific of collagen, so that any changes in its urinary concentration is a proof of the metabolical changes of collagen. 2. The basic value of hydroxyproline in rats investigated by us was of 270 +/- 49 mug/24 hours. 3. The total irradiation with 700 r induced a marked increase of urinary hydroxyproline, beginning after 24 hours and with a maximum level after 48 hours. PMID- 812114 TI - Hypergravitation and sympatho-adrenergic reactivity. AB - The cardiac frequency and adrenal and urinary catecholamine content were investigated on 10-minutes centrifuged rats (+6 Gz). It was found that the heart responds in an individual manner, with a general tendency to tachycardia. Under the same conditions after 1 1/2 minute the adrenal noradrenaline response was absent, after 3' and 6' the adrenal noradrenaline content was augmented and the adrenaline one diminished, and after 10' the response vanished. Hypergravitation does not change the urinary noradrenaline elimination collected after 10 minutes of centrifugation, but that of adrenaline is augmented in one of the two explored animal groups. The difference between the two groups may be explained by the great individual variations, as results from the cardial frequency (appreciated by teleelectrocardiogram). The environmental stress produces similar but more reduced catecholamine modifications. PMID- 812115 TI - Effects of mild hypoxia (2200 m) on catecholamine and corticosterone secretion. AB - In experiments carried out in male Wistar rats submitted in laboratory to a 2200 m depressurization the urinary noradrenaline and adrenaline elimination, as well as the plasma corticosterone level were investigated. In rats previously submitted 12 days only to the environmental stress the true depressurization (7 days) produced a relatively increased noradrenaline and adrenaline elimination. A similar increased catecholamine output was observed in rats submitted directly to hypoxia. The plasma corticosterone level was unmodified by hypoxia of the same value. PMID- 812116 TI - Blood and cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines in the chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. AB - In our research we have aimed at studying the blood- and cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines' behaviour by means of von Euler-Floding's method, in a group of 30 patients, between 33 and 83 years, with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy, evolving from over ten years (even in younger persons). The total catecholamines in the cerebrospinal fluid have double values as against those in the blood, corresponding to the proportion found in a group of healthy subjects. On the contrary, the catecholamine fractions, occurring both in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid, have a diffent behaviour as against the normals, the adrenaline percentage exceeding by far the value of 23% recorded by these latter, going up to 46.95% in the blood and up to 47.68 in the cerebrospinal fluid. The increase of the adrenaline percentage may represent a pathogenetical factor, added to the other metabolic and hemodynamic factors, in the genesis of the chronic cardiopneumopathy; and the noxious effect acting on the whole myocardium supports the thesis according to which, earlier or later, in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy the left ventricle starts to suffer, as an integrant part of the clinico-morphological image. PMID- 812117 TI - [Study of carotid pulse wave rate and sphygmogram pattern in hypertensive patients of various ages]. PMID- 812118 TI - [Nonspecific pharmacodynamic action of antideprin (imipramine) as compared with that of a neuroleptic (chlorpromazine) on the sympatho-adrenergic system]. PMID- 812119 TI - [Experimental dynamic mechanisms of drugs with central action, on the tonus of smooth and striated muscles of the eye]. PMID- 812120 TI - [Variability of the electrocardiographic expression of abnormal ventricular repolarization]. PMID- 812121 TI - [Mathematical model for determination of the mass of the liver and its clinical value]. PMID- 812122 TI - [Aspects of the biochemistry of the urine in mental deficiency in children]. PMID- 812123 TI - The action of benzalkonium chloride on the activation of contraction in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Toe muscle was used. The changes in K contracture and in the resting potential were measured. Above 0.2 mM, benzalkonium-Cl (BAC) induced an irreversible contracture associated to a rapid depolarization which caused in few min. the abolition of K contractures. With 0.5 mM, a steady tension representing 13-40% of maximal K contractures was reached in 11-16 sec. The development of BAC rigor was delayed in K depolarized muscles. BAC rigor had similarly a slower development after destruction of transverse tubules, suggesting a direct effect on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the maintenance of the steady tension and the dependence on membrane depolarization of its rapid onset. BAC effects were not affected by 10(-4) M D-tubocurarine. Concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 mM induced within tens of min. the irreversible depolarization and abolition of K contractures. Caffeine contracture was diminished. Pretreatment with lower concentrations favoured the development of BAC rigor in K depolarized muscles. These findings suggest that even in lower concentrations, besides the depolarizing and the uncoupling effects, BAC is still able to depress Ca uptake by SR. PMID- 812124 TI - [Studies of plasma corticosterone in rats under various stress conditions]. PMID- 812125 TI - Study on free and total urinary hydroxyproline in old men. AB - The present study deals with urinary free and total hydroxyproline (HOP) in a group of adults between 63-93 years old, admitted in a sanatorium for geriatries. The average value of the free HOP on the whole group was of 1.28 mg/24 hours (0.52-2.10) and that of the total HOP was of 16.54 mg/24 hours (10.7-27.94). The free HOP does not show differences as compared to the adults; but the total one decreases in old people. The data obtained are discussed and compared with the literature. PMID- 812126 TI - Modelling of some functions of the auditory system. PMID- 812127 TI - Experimental studies on drug sensitization I. Penicillin sensitization as an experimental model for drug allergy. PMID- 812128 TI - Primate drinking system as defined by electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB). AB - Four rhesus monkeys were examined by ESB for drinking sites in structures that had been previously demonstrated to support drinking behavior. Three yielded a significantly greater proportion of drinking sites than expected from the earlier study, and one yielded significantly less. As the exploration proceeded, the proportion of sites yielding drinking greatly increased in the drinkers and decreased in the nondrinker, and the ratio of stimulus-bound to nonstimulus-bound drinking sites increased in the drinkers but decreased in the nondrinker. Orienting responses decreased in both drinker and nondrinker as exploration proceeded. Two sites that had reliably supported drinking in the restraint chair failed to do so when telestimulated in a free environment, but instead yielded turning, walking, and climbing behavior. The results suggest that ESB-elicited drinking is determined by stimulation of several overlapping neural systems. These probably include ascending dopaminergic and cholinergic systems which are relatively thirst specific, and a nonspecific, cholinergic component of the reticular activating system which triggers the animal to execute a prepotent response which is specific to a given animal with a given history of stimulation under particular enviromental constraints. The learning of stimulus bound drinking is proposed to have its neural locus within the system which mediates the prepotent response, rather than in a thirst system or general activation system. PMID- 812129 TI - [Clinical trial od Di-n-propylacetate in epileptics with therapy-resistant absences]. AB - The clinical trials of Di-n-propylacetate (Depakine, Labaz) produced favorable results with 15 patients, whose epilepsies were characterized by exceptional therapy-resistant absences, partly in combination with grand mal (4 patients). After discontinuation of DPA and renewed application of this drug at a later stage the patients made a good recovery. PMID- 812130 TI - [Significance of muscular artefacts during absences]. AB - Among 1.000 absences registered in the electroencephalogram 373 were associated with automatisms. These 373 absences were ascribed to 3 groups with different clinical symptoms according to different timing of the automatisms. In the first two groups automatisms prevail in the motor picture, whereas in the third group of absences adversive movements and/or rhythmic myoclonias were predominant motor elements. The occurrence of automatisms after spike wave potentials confirms, that the true absence may last longer than is expressed by the electroencephalogram (E.E.G.). Similar conditions are known for the behaviour of the autonomous reflexes during the absence. The accordance of clinical and reflex myographical phenomena during the absence suggests a common pathophysiological origin. PMID- 812131 TI - [Use of triphthazine in the treatment of mentae disorders]. AB - Clinical experience gained in the Soviet Union shows that Triphthazine (Trifluoperazine) is among the most useful drugs for mass treatment of psychoses. This drug is being widely used in psychiatric practice. PMID- 812132 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma and Recklinghausen's disease]. AB - The present paper contains a brief survey of the literature on neurofibromatosis. A case of Recklinghausen's disease with multiple neurofibromas of the acoustic nerve, which affected the hypothalamo-hypophyseal region and thus caused adiposo genital dystrophy, is described in detail. PMID- 812133 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) as a possible quick-acting but short-lasting antidepressant. AB - In a double reversal design the potency of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (500 mug intravenously) as a quick-acting antidepressive agent was evaluated. A first injection did seem to give rise to a very slight short-lasting effect, though this could not be ascertained clearly. There were no visible effects after a second injection. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response curve after TRH administration in the depressive patients group was blunted in comparison with that in a matched control group of normals. PMID- 812134 TI - Asymmetrical cross-tolerance between morphine and scopolamine induced antinociception in the primate: differential sites of action. AB - Two experiments explored the role of the cholinergic system in mediating morphine induced analgesia in the rhesus monkey. Experiment 1 tested for cross-tolerance between two antinociceptive compounds, morphine and scopolamine, using the shock titration technqiue. Tolerance to morphine attentuated the response to scopolamine but tolerance to scopolamine had no effect on morphine induced antinociception. In Experiment 2, the shock threshold was not modified by injections of scopolamine or arecoline into brain sites which had previously been found to be responsive (in terms of antinociception) to morphine injections. These findings are interpreted to imply that morphine and scopolamine do not exert their antinociceptive effects through identical neural substrates, although Experiment 1 does suggest a certain degree of overlap between such substrates. PMID- 812135 TI - Plasma levels of mesoridazine and its metabolites and clinical response in acute schizophrenia after a single intramuscular drug dose. PMID- 812136 TI - The importance of reinforcement schedules in determining effects of drugs. PMID- 812137 TI - TRH treatment in psychiatric patients--effects on the pituitary-thyroid axis and on the EEG sleep pattern. PMID- 812138 TI - Elements of resistance to a combined medical and psychotherapeutic program in anorexia nervosa. An overview. AB - According to several follow-up studies in the literature, anorexia nervosa has to be considered as an affection with a grave prognosis. We have studied the outcome in a group of 32 female patients who could be considered as homogeneous in a number of aspects. The following five criteria, on which the delineation of the syndrome is based, were realized in all the patients: considerable weight loss; limited food intake; amenorrhea; juvenile age of onset; absence of primary organic or specific psychotic disorder. All of them presented a serious symptomatology and had undergone some previous treatment under the form of ambulatory psychotherapy and/or forced feeding. They all received, during their admission in the same hospital, the same form of combined intensive medical and psychotherapeutic treatment. All of them maintained regular psychotherapeutic contacts with the same psychiatrist. According to the outcome, the patients could be categorized into three groups: the cured, the improved, the unimproved. In order to circumscribe some prognostic elements, we have compared a number of clinical, family and personality variables in these groups. As favorable clinical factors can be mentioned: younger age at admission and shorter duration of the illness. Manifestations of impulsive behavior (automutilation, kleptomania, fugues, etc. ...) and sucide attempts are unfavorable. No definite family factors can be defined, although the absence of psychological interaction with the father seems to be unfavorable. A better prognostic outcome is offered by the following personality characteristics, determined by psychological testing: lower neuroticism and higher self-defensiveness on the ABV; a lower general profile and especially a lower score on the schizophrenia scale of the MMPI; less pronounced tendencies to infantile regression, passivity and sexual repression as these are expressed in the TAT. PMID- 812139 TI - The application of rapid lysis techniques in radiobiology. I. The effect of oxygen and radiosensitizers on DNA strand break production and repair in E. coli B/r. PMID- 812140 TI - Sensitivity of ribosomal functions in Tetrahymena pyriformis to varying doses and dose rates of gamma-radiation. PMID- 812141 TI - [Mobile therapy with electrons in breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Our intention in breast cancer is to reduce the local recurrency by optimal radiotherapy. The use of electrons with their ideal depth dose distribution was limited by several problems (e.g., field homogeneity, constancy of dose rate). Taking constructive measures, we now have an easy to handle, mobile electron therapy. PMID- 812143 TI - [Interlumen duodenal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 812142 TI - Ocular and orbital echography. AB - Diagnostic ultrasound is a noninvasive, well tolerated, safe procedure with no toxicity which aids the ophthalmologist by demonstrating the integrity of the intraocular contents or the presence of tumors, retinal detachments, vitreous membranes or hemorrhage, foreign bodies or other structural changes in eyes with opaque media which cannot be adequately evaluated optically. Orbital mass lesions and inflammatory changes can be demonstrated and ultrasonic evaluation should be utilized early in the diagnostic evaluation of exophthalmus in combination with other radiographic techniques. The ultrasound examination does require a certain technical skill and experience in interpretation as well as judgment in order for it to be a reliable diagnostic test. PMID- 812144 TI - Radiographic scale grid for supervoltage radiographs. AB - This paper deals with the construction and practical application of a radiographic scale grid incorporated into high energy radiation therapy machines in making port radiographs. The gadet is designed especially for the numerous small radiation therapy departments in community hospitals and private practices that do not have the sophistication provided by a simulator. PMID- 812145 TI - Interactions of the tripeptide pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide (thyrotropin releasing hormone) with brain norepinephrine metabolism: evidence for an extrahypophyseal action of TRH on central nervous system function. PMID- 812146 TI - Vasopressin as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system: some evidence from the supraoptic neurosecretory system. PMID- 812147 TI - TRH as a possible quick-acting but short-lasting antidepressant. PMID- 812148 TI - Action of releasing factors on unit activity in the forebrain. PMID- 812149 TI - Taxonomy of viruses, 1975. PMID- 812150 TI - [Induction of DNA damages and mutations by chemicals, and their patterns; recent studies in Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 812151 TI - The adaptive acid phosphatase of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-9. Effect of endocytosis of various nutrients. PMID- 812152 TI - A radioisotopic and morphologic study of the uptake of materials into food vacuoles by Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-9. PMID- 812155 TI - [Relation of uric acid and arteriosclerosis on an experimental model of chickens fed with eggs. Influence of insulin and oral antidiabetics (glibenclamide and tolbutamide)]. PMID- 812154 TI - [Value of the thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation test by means of hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). I. In primary thyroid pathology with hypothalamo-hypophyseal integrity]. PMID- 812153 TI - Radioimmunoassay of main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Radioimmunoassay of 5alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-11-keto-tetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid, main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), was performed using an antiserum produced in the rabbit. The antibody in 100 mu1 of 1,600-fold diluted antiserum binds with 60 picograms of metabolite. The main urinary metabolite level fell when flufenamic acid, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was given to rats. In contrast, it was significantly elevated when PGF2alpha was administered. PMID- 812158 TI - [Zenker's diverticulum]. PMID- 812156 TI - [Weight and biochemistry of various organs in weaned rats submitted to protein calorie malnutrition]. PMID- 812157 TI - [Protein calory malnutrition in rats. I. Weight changes of various animal organs after recovery with casein and meat]. PMID- 812159 TI - Endocrine neurons. PMID- 812160 TI - The formation of estrogens by central neuroendocrine tissues. PMID- 812161 TI - Qualitative and quantitative gonad-pituitary feedback. PMID- 812162 TI - The international postpartum family planning program: eight years of experience. AB - The International Postpartum Program was begun in 1966 in order to demonstrate the feasibility of providing efficient and effective family planning services in the context of the obstetrical care provided by hospitals. The project included 138 institutions in 21 countries. Over an eight-year period, 1.14 million women were recruited, representing 33 acceptors per 100 obstetrical/abortion patients in these hospitals. Relying primarily on modern methods of contraception, the pill, the IUD, and sterilization, the program provided about 124 years of contraceptive protection for each 100 obstetrical/abortion patients, or somewhat more than four years' protection per acceptor. Predischarge insertion of IUDs was found to be safe and effective. In all countries, the program acceptors experienced important changes in fertility over and above the effects of aging. The demonstration showed that basing a program on activities in the obstetrical wards permits a rapid buildup of services, without great cost for construction. Whether using specially trained additional staff to provide family planning education and information or relying on the existing staff, hospitals were able to recruit a substantial proportion of women on the maternity wards as acceptors. Cost per acceptor averaged about US$5.00 during the eight-year period- considerably below the cost per acceptor in the majority of national programs. Such economy arose because acceptance ratios for the International Postpartum Program were higher than ratios for national programs where the target population is more dispersed, and because only direct costs for the services needed to be considered. The idea of uniting family planning information and services with the maternity services of hospitals has been seized upon and replicated outside the International Postpartum Program. The governments of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Colombia, Thailand, and the Philippines, among others, now operate such systems. Postpartum programs still do not reach substantial segments of the urban population in the developing world, but the expansion of such services is continuing. Also, adaptations of maternity-centered family planning programs are now being tested in rural areas in the world, where most children are born. PMID- 812163 TI - Aflatoxin B1 hydroxylation: sensitive monooxygenase microassay suitable for liver biopsy specimens. AB - A method for measuring the rate of monooxygenase catalyzed hydroxylation of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin Q1 has been developed. It is suitable for use with small amounts of tissue obtained by needle or surgical biopsy of liver. Liver samples are homogenized in buffered saline containing a glucose-6-phosphate:NADPH generating system. 14C-AFB, is added to initiate the 10 min oxidation period. Quick-freezing stops oxidations, and AFB1 and AFQ1 are extracted using CHCl3. After solvent removal, the residue is resuspended in benzene-acetonitrile (98:2) and applied to silica gel thin-layer chromatography plates which are developed twice in chloroform-acetone-n-hexane (85:15:20). AFB1 and AFQ1 were located by fluorescence and scraped into vials for scintillation counting. The reaction was linear for 10 min using 5-10 mg liver tissue per 0.2 ml incubation. Aflatoxin M1 and 3 other metabolites more polar than AFB1 were also produced. The apparant Km for AFQ1 formation was 8.6x10(-4)M and Vmax was 287 picomoles AFQ1 mg protein-1 min-1 using bonnet monkey Macaca radiatea liver. The procedures should be valuable in comparative biochemical studies, especially those using liver biopsy specimens of primates. PMID- 812164 TI - Studies on human T lymphocyte rosette formation with human and sheep erythrocytes. AB - A large proportion of normal human blood lymphocytes forms rosettes with neuraminidase-treated autologous and allogeneic human erythrocytes (nHRBC) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In contrast, the percentage of rosette-forming cells is extremely reduced in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The formation of mixed rosettes after addition of nHRBC and SRBC suggests that most normal rosette-forming lymphocytes have receptor sites for both types of erythrocytes. Rosette formation with neuraminidase-untreated HRBC occurs only with a small fraction of normal lymphocytes, but can be increased by preincubating the lymphocytes with neuraminidase. Similar to rosette formation with SRBC. the binding of nHRBC is temperature-dependent, is prevented by pretreatment of the lymphocytes with proteolytic enzymes, but is not inhibited by EDTA. Rosette dissociation during incubation at 37 degree C is accompanied by conversion of ring- or morula-like rosettes into horseshoes or caps. PMID- 812165 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in silos in the United States. PMID- 812166 TI - [Activation and autoactivation in photic epilepsy]. PMID- 812167 TI - [Genetic problems. Mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses]. PMID- 812168 TI - [Connections between the nucleus lateralis dorsalis of the thalamus and the limbic system in man. Study of 12 anatomo-clinical cases of vascular origin]. AB - Lateralis dorsalis nucleus of thalamus belong to the limbic system of Papez more by its trigonal than cingular afferent pathways. Its parietal efferent pathways are probable, its cingular and trigonal ones possible but not proved. Neuropathologic studies provide informations to separate a latero-ventral part connected with parietal cortex and a mediodorsal part connected with limbic system. PMID- 812169 TI - [Studies on enterocinogens of enterococci present in food products and of their role in the mechanism of antagonisms]. PMID- 812170 TI - [Binding of carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) by RNA and rat liver proteins]. PMID- 812171 TI - [Experience with a double dose-monitoring system in the 18 MeV betatron therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Correct setting of the patient dose within a range of about +/- 3% is only achieved if a second exposure monitoring system controls the output variations of a betatron beam. A sealed thimble chamber attached in the centre of the field on the patient, which switches off the betatron when a given exposure has exceeded proved as a safe device. PMID- 812172 TI - Pseudothrombocytopenia due to platelet aggregation and degranulation in blood collected in EDTA. AB - Three patients are described in whom platelet aggregation and/or degranulation occurred in blood collected into EDTA. These changes resulted in spurious thrombocytopenia and morphological changes similar to those observed in some thrombocytopathies. The abnormalities were dependent on the presence of EDTA and did not occur in citrate, oxalate or heparin anticoagulants. In two patients the abnormality was shown to be due to a plasma factor which was not IgG, IgM, fibrinogen or albumin. The most likely explanation is that these patients have an unidentified abnormal plasma component which, on exposure to EDTA, develops 'anti platelet activity'. Althought relatively uncommon a prospective study of the incidence of these phenomena indicates that they are probably more common than either platelet cold agglutinins or platelet satellitism. They have practical significance with respect to the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and also to the interpretation of abnormal platelet morphology. PMID- 812173 TI - Analysis of a fibrin formation abnormality in a case of multiple myeloma. AB - Studies were performed to analyse the inhibitory effect of a myeloma globulin (IgG) on fibrin formation. This inhibitory activity was very intense and caused a severe bleeding disorder which proved fatal. The isolated myeloma globulin inhibited all three stages of fibrin formation: the proteolytic action of thrombin on fibrinogen, the aggregation of fibrin monomers and the stabilization of fibrin by cross-linkages in the gamma and alpha chains. Purified factor XIII, even in excess, previously activated by the addition of thrombin and calcium, did not correct this defect in cross linking. Our results suggest that this myeloma globulin induced a blockage of some receptors near the cross linking sites. PMID- 812174 TI - A scanning electron microscopy and immunological study of 84 cases of lymphocytic leukaemia and related lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - The surface features of cells from 84 cases of lymphocytic leukaemia, and related lymphoproliferative disorders are described as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of the 46 cases of CLL were shown to be B-derived, but rare cases of mixed B and T cell leukaemia and leukaemia with cells bearing both B and T markers were also encountered. Despite the existence of a spectrum of cell surface morphology, it was possible in many cases to identify a dominant cell type. Cells from cases of B derived malignancies were most frequently of the 'predominantly villous' type while a smaller proportion of cases were of the predominantly 'smoother' or 'mixed villous and smooth' type. Variations in surface morphology also occurred with progression of the disease. In most cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) 'smoother' cells predominated. However, more cases of ALL and T derived leukaemia need to be examined before definite conclusions can be drawn concerning the surface of these cell types. This study also illustrates the importance of examining large numbers of cases of leukaemia, before conclusions are drawn concerning their surface features and indicates that SEM cannot consistently distinguish between leukaemic B and T cells. It will be of interest to determine whether the surface architecture of the leukaemic cell is related to the degree of cell differentiation and eventual prognosis in these cases. PMID- 812176 TI - Isolation of IgG3 from normal human sera and from a patient with multiple myeloma by using protein A-sepharose 4B. AB - Affinity chromatography of IgG on protein A-Sepharose was used to isolate the human subclass IgG3 from normal serum and from a patient with multiple myeloma. The isolated material was purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and characterized immunochemically. Ultracentrifugation studies gave so20,w values of about 6.80 for both normal and myeloma IgG3. Approximately 54 half-cystine residues per molecule of IgG3 were obtained as judged from amino acid analysis after performic acid oxidation of the proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate of the isolated and reduced material resulted in two bands corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 23,000 and 56,000, respectively. The yield of normal human IgG3 represented 1%-2% of the total IgG. PMID- 812175 TI - Granulocyte release of vitamin B12-binders in vivo and in vitro in leukaemia and non-neoplastic leucocytosis. AB - The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the 'large molecular size vitamin B12-binding protein' (LBP) and the 'small molecular size vitamin B12 binding protein' (SBP) were determined by a Sephadex G 150 gel filtration method in 9 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 5 patients with blast cell leukaemia and 12 patients with non-neoplastic leucocytosis. EDTA plasma and serum separated after 20 min and after 120 min were examined. In the 20 min EDTA plasma samples, the mean LBP value was 8,009 pg/ml in CML, 2,468 in blast leukaemia, 175 in non-neoplastic leucocytosis, and 57 in normal controls. The in vitro release of LBP into serum was much smaller in the leukaemias than in non-neoplastic leucocytosis. No correlation was found between the LBP values and the white blood cell counts or lysozyme values, but lysozyme was correlated to white cell count in CML. It is suggested that the plasma LBP levels reflect the fraction of LBP decay taking place at sites, e.g. the spleen, from which the released LBP can enter the circulation. PMID- 812177 TI - [Results of swimming-pool-filter examination]. PMID- 812178 TI - [Comparative studies on the disinfection effect of bromine and chlorine in swimming pools and model tests]. PMID- 812179 TI - Pulmonary cell response patterns after exposure to airborne bacteria. AB - The free lung cells obtained with a lavage technique were studied in guinea-pigs exposed to an aerosol of E.coli, K. pneumoniae or B.subtilis. An increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was found 5-48 hours after exposure to E.coli and B.subtilis. The clearance of a mixture of viable and radioactively labelled E.coli was studied in animals with a naturally present or artificially induced high leucocyte level in the lungs. It was found that animals with the higher leucocyte number cleared the inhaled bacteria faster. PMID- 812180 TI - [Parenteral feeding]. PMID- 812181 TI - Lipoprotein and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase changes in galactosamine induced rat liver injury. AB - Abnormal lipoproteins and drcreased lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity are found in rat plasma following intraperitoneal injection of D galactosamine. The changes observed, including absence of alpha-lipoprotein and the presence of lipoproteins rich in phospholipid and unesterified cholesterol but deficient in cholesteryl esters, are remarkably similar to changes found in human pathologic states of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. When examined by electron microscopy, all of the major lipoprotein classes isolated by ultracentrifugation showed morphological abnormalities including the formation of rouleaus consisting of disk-shaped particles. PMID- 812182 TI - New technics in the operative treatment of scoliosis. AB - Preoperative correction of scoliotic curves by traction and casting improves the results achieved by operation. Use of the halo-hoop apparatus allows controlled correction when combined with spinal osteotomies. The anterior approach to the spine allows better correction and fusion of the more difficult curves of congenital scoliosis and those associated with neurofibromatosis and myelomeningocele. PMID- 812183 TI - Dialyzable transfer factor. AB - Dialyzable transfer factor, obtained from human peripheral blood leukocytes and first described by Lawrence, is being used in attempts to rectify defects in the cellular immune systems of patients with basic immunodeficiencies, chronic infectious diseases, and neoplastic diseases. Current knowledge of the chemical character of, assays for, and functional activities of transfer factor are briefly reviewed. An experimental animal model for dialyzable transfer factor involving the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni is discussed. The results of this study suggest that in this model transfer factor may act both specifically and nonspecifically. PMID- 812184 TI - [Economic aspects of prognosis in the development of public health]. PMID- 812186 TI - Total parenteral nutrition. A review. AB - Surgery, trauma, severe sepsis and burns are the most demanding physical stresses that a patient is likely to suffer, yet until recently, the nutrition of these patients was usually completely ignored. The concept of adequate feeding by the intravenous route is now well accepted and the authors present a review of many of the appropriate preparations which are available in South Africa, as well as a description of several regimens that have been successful in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). PMID- 812185 TI - The effect of prolonged lithium carbonate administration on the thyrotrophin and prolactin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. AB - Thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in euthyroid patients suffering from psychiatric disease on long-term lithium carbonate (LC) and phenothiazine therapy. These responses were retested after oral tri-iodothyronine (T3) 120 mug/day had been given for a week. The raised basal TSH and the suppression of the exaggerated responses to TRH by T3 found in some of the patients suggest a mild disturbance of thyroid function in patients on long-term LC therapy, even in the face of clinical euthyroidism and otherwise normal thyroid function. Basal serum PRL levels and the responses to TRH were elevated in 2 of 5 patients, probably associated with phenothiazine administration. In all 5, a moderate blunting of the PRL responses after TRH was produced by T3. The suppressive effect of T3 on TRH-induced PRL responses was unexpected and suggests a modifying role of thyroid hormones on PRL secretion, although further studies are needed to confirm this possibility. PMID- 812187 TI - [Meningoencephalitis and septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Clinical, bacteriolgical, and histopathological experiences]. PMID- 812188 TI - Cost accounting in inservice education. PMID- 812189 TI - The art and science of supervision. The issue of productivity. PMID- 812190 TI - Parenteral hyperalimentation and wound healing. AB - In the first five postoperative days following abdominoperineal resection, two groups of five patients were treated by infusion therapy following two schedules: 11.9 calories per kilogram per day and 0.042 gram of nitrogen per kilogram per day, and 53.8 calories per kilogram per day and 0.244 gram of nitrogen per kilogram per day. Nitrogen balance was determined, and the wound collagen content was evaluated by biopsies carried out on the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ninth, 12th and 15th postoperative days. It was noted that in group 2 patients nitrogen balance was rather equilibrated and the quantity of collagen in the granulation tissue was higher than in group 1. Postoperative parenteral hyperalimentation spares a good quantity of nitrogen and can facilitate wound healing. PMID- 812191 TI - Effect of single infusion of fat emulsion on plasma lipid. AB - Plasma triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid levels as well as the fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides were determined after the infusion of 10 per cent Intralipid. Fat emulsion from 2 to 4 grams per kilogram of body weight given at 0.4 gram per kilogram of body weight given at 0.4 gram per kilogram of body weight per hour was removed from the blood circulation rapidly. Four grams of fat per kilogram of body weight given intravenously at 0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight per hour was not even removed from circulation three hours after the infusion and had considerable effect on the plasma lipid. On the other hand, the simultaneous infusion of 0.5 gram of fat and 8 U.S.P. units of heparin per kilogram of body weight per hour released more lipoprotein lipase than the fat emulsion alone. This data indicate that fat emulsion should be given approximately at 0.4 gram per kilogram of body weight per hour or less with simultaneous infusion of 8 U.S.P. units of heparin per kilogram of body weight per hour. PMID- 812192 TI - Prophylactic ampicillin therapy for vaginal hysterectomy. AB - Ampicillin was given to a group of 41 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with and without vaginal repairs. This group was compared with 106 patients who received no antibiotic therapy. Retrospective analysis revealed both groups were the same when compared for race, parity, socioeconomic status, blood loss, operator experience and phase of the menstrual cycle. There was significantly less morbidity, infection and serious infections in the antibiotic-treated group than in the control group. In addition, significantly fewer complications of any type, fewer courses of therapeutic antibiotics and fewer readmissions for postoperative complications were noted in the group receiving prophylactic antibiotics. It is suggested that any patient undergoing a procedure which invades the peritoneal cavity by operating through the vagina should be placed on prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 812193 TI - The bovine arterial graft and its several applications. PMID- 812195 TI - [Long term medicine is an interesting specialty]. PMID- 812194 TI - Parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. AB - Nitrogen balance has been studied under conditions of simple fasting and in the postoperative period on a total of 102 patients. It is much more difficult to restore a positive nitrogen balance in the post-traumatic period, and this can be obtained only with calorie and, above all, amino acid quotas much higher than those capable of equilibrating the balance of fasting patients. The absence of a constant relationship between nitrogen sparing and the caloric value of the solutions infused and the advantages of hyperamino-acid therapy for the purpose of the balance agree with the hypothesis that the postoperative protein catabolism has the purpose of supplying the injured area with intermediate carbohydrate metabolites and constitutes the theoretic basis for the use of parenteral hyperalimentation during the postoperative period. This can be planned with doses of 35 to 40 calories per kilogram per day in the form of dextrose solution plus at least 2 grams of amino acids per kilogram per day. PMID- 812196 TI - Studies on PIVKA-X. AB - The incorporation of 14C-glucosamine and 3H-leucine into PIVKA-X and factor X has been studied in Macaca mulatta by means of a monospecific precipitating antiserum. No difference in the incorporation into PIVKA-X and factor X was found. The half-lives of PIVKA-X and factor X were similar (about 30-35 h and 27 31 h respectively) indicating that the vitamin K-induced modifications did not alter the survival of protein. A Russell's-viper venom/cephalin test system for factor X was more sensitive to inhibition by PIVKA-X than was a tissue thromboplastin-based system. PMID- 812197 TI - Effects of experimental coronary thrombosis upon regional and systemic plasma chromatographic patterns. AB - An evaluation of changes in the plasma chromatographic pattern was carried out in dogs with experimental coronary thrombosis. Sequential samples were taken simultaneously from the aorta and coronary sinus over a two, four and twenty-four hour period. In addition to gel-chromatography, immunodiffusion and electrophoresis were also employed to identify the protein components of the elution fractions. The results showed that there was a shift of the normal chromatographic pattern to the left from the control within two hours following thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery and it was maintained over a twenty four hour period. The shift to the left was presumably due to the earlier elution of the heavy molecular weight components forming as a result of the thrombotic process. The early appearance of the altered chromatographic pattern constitutes an important advantage worthy of further exploration for possible diagnostic application in the human subject. PMID- 812198 TI - Proceedings: Platelet cytogel extrusion: fact or artifact? PMID- 812199 TI - Proceedings: Light and electron microscopic observations on human blood platelets under the influence of different extracellular cation concentrations, with special reference to microfilaments and microtubules. PMID- 812200 TI - Proceedings: Studies on circulating plasminogen activator. PMID- 812201 TI - Cross-linking of human fibrinogen with glutaraldehyde and tetranitromethane. PMID- 812202 TI - Platelet aggregates in hypercholesterolemic rhesus monkeys. PMID- 812203 TI - [On appointments - again]. PMID- 812204 TI - [Letter: Quality of nitroglycerin tablets]. PMID- 812205 TI - [The occurrence of listeria encephalitis in cattle in a loose housing after the use of litter, infected with listeria bacteria, from a broiler farm. To what extent do listeria bacteria occur in the gut contents of broilers (author's transl)]. AB - In a loose housing, four cows had to be slaughtered as an emergency measure within a few weeks because of symptoms of encephalitis. Listeria monocytogenes of type 4 b were isolated both from the brains of these cows and from the litter previously spread in the cow stables, which was obtained from a broiler farm. At the same time an investigation of the occurrence of Listeria bacteria in the faeces/gut contents of broilers was undertaken. From the contents of 2373 intestines, representing 0.1 per cent of about 2,300,000 broilers from 146 farms, Listeria monocytogenes were isolated in 4.1 per cent of the birds. The infection occurred on six broiler farms, two of them exhibited recidivation. Listeria monocytogenes of type 4 b were involved three times, type 1 was concerned on two farms, and one strain could not be typed. PMID- 812206 TI - [Results of electrical pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstruction cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, left ventricular outflow gradient decreased about 56 per cent by way of electrical stimulation of the apex of the right ventricle. In 4 patients a permanent pacemaker was implanted. P-wave triggered pacemakers with electronic conduction-time of approximately 0 sec showed to be preferable. The decrease of left ventricle outflow gradient as well as of subjective complaints inclusively cerebral syncopes were remarkable. PMID- 812207 TI - [Exotic small mammals as patients]. PMID- 812208 TI - [Important zoonoses in veterinary practice. 1. Virus diseases]. PMID- 812209 TI - Potentiation of the acute toxicity of several pesticides and herbicides in trout by carbaryl. PMID- 812210 TI - Auditory detection behavior in parathion-treated squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 812212 TI - [Tuber avulsion from the forensic point of view]. AB - On the basis of 6 case reports regarding avulsions of the tuber of the maxillary bone, the author comments on iatrogenic incidents in general. He deals in particular with the causes and the treatment of tuber avulsion and, finally, with forensiv aspects of this problem. He is of opinion that tuber avulsions are in most cases not due to malpraxis. The proper approach to the avoidance or the management of such a complication is explained. PMID- 812211 TI - Metabolism of (4-14C)estradiol by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced mammary tumor peroxidase. AB - The peroxidase and estradiol-metabolizing activities of mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were determined in fresh and stored tissue. In both cases, a wide variation in peroxidase activity was observed in 47 different tumors tested. The properties of the enzyme found in the tumors were similar to those of lactoperoxidase. It is suggested that the amount of peroxidase present might reflect the ability of tumor cells to differentiate in response to hormonal stimulation and be indicative of the degree of tumor progression. PMID- 812214 TI - Absorption, distribution and elimination of 169Yb-EDTA in animal experiments. GFR estimation in rats. PMID- 812215 TI - Diagnostic value of the filtration clearance in late-toxicosis syndromes of pregnancy by means of radioindicators. PMID- 812213 TI - Influence of cerebral vasoconstricting and vasodilating agents on blood flow in regions of focal ischemia. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements with krypton-85 (100 separate determinations) were compared in squirrel monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (a cerebral vasoconstrictor) and halothane (a cerebral vasodilator) before, during, and after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Prior to MCA occlusion, a normal physiological response to alterations in arterial carbon dioxide tensions (Paco2) was demonstrated in both groups of monkeys; the cerebral vascular resistance was significantly lower in those anesthetized with halothane. During ischemia, there was loss of autoregulation and a failure to respond to alterations in Paco2 in both groups. Flow in the ischemic region remained uniform in the barbiturate group but decreased progressively in the halothane group, suggesting a "paradoxical response" to the dilating agent. Reactive hyperemia (luxury perfusion) was demonstrated in both groups after restoration of flow. The use of a beta-emitting isotope ensured that measurements in regions of ischemia accurately reflected rCBF and were free of the artifacts ("look through" and Compton scatter) related to use of a gamma-emitting indicator. PMID- 812216 TI - [Experimental animal studies on the effect of fluoride and EDTA on the accumulation of 18F in bone]. PMID- 812217 TI - Detection and identification of delta 8- and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in saliva of man and autoradiographic investigation of their distribution in different organs of the monkey. PMID- 812218 TI - A rapid method for the production of erythrocytes in the state "EC4" and "EC43". AB - The present report describes simple methods for preparing red blood cells coated with complement components. Erythrocytes coated strongly with C4 and C3 (EC43 cells) can be prepared using the standard sucrose hemolysis reaction system. Erythrocytes coated with C4 but not C3 (EC4 cells) can be prepared by a slight modification (addition of EDTA to sucrose prior to adding serum). Occasional sera (especially from black subjects) produced weak C3 coating of red blood cells in the modified sucrose hemolysis reaction. This C3 coating could be entirely abolished (without reducing C4 coating) by using Mg++ poor serum produced by dialyzing serum against Mg++ free barbital buffer. The EC43 and EC3 cells are extremely useful in analysis of anticomplement antiglobulin sera. PMID- 812219 TI - The groupamatic system for routine immunohematology. AB - Approximately 6000,000 routine immunohematological tests have been conducted with Groupamatic GC systems at the National Blood Transfusion Center in Paris. The system is used for determination of the ABO group including A1 and A2 subgrouping; the Rh factors including Du, C, c, E, e, CW;K;Lea; P1; M and N. The detection and identification of irregular alloantibodies is carried out systematically together with detection of the anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Simultaneously, testing for syphilis is done with a cardiolipid antigen. Groupamatic equipment allows 340 samples to be tested per hour and 12 reactions can be carried out simultaneously on each sample. The system is fully automated. PMID- 812220 TI - Another potential source of error in Rh-hr typing. AB - Three cases are presented in which the presence of sodium caprylate dependent albumin auto-agglutinins in the patients' sera resulted in erroneous Rh-hr phenotyping of their erythrocytes. In the initial testing, the albumin control was negative in each case. Since one of the cases was an Rh0(D) negative individual whose red blood cells might have been classified as Rh0(D) positive, a study was made using routine Rh-hr typing reagents from different manufacturers. Attention is drawn to the fact that Rh-hr typings should be performed using washed red blood cell samples when serum is known to contain albumin autoagglutinins. PMID- 812221 TI - Chronic protein malnutrition. PMID- 812222 TI - Neuropharmacological studies on hydergine. PMID- 812223 TI - Experimental studies on the action of metabolic and vasoactive substances in the brain. PMID- 812224 TI - [Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in isolated liver cells]. AB - Two methods of preparation of isolated rat liver cells were studied. In the first method, the dissociative effect of enzymes and mechanical treatment and Hanks' solution as isolation medium were used. In the second method, enzymes were replaced by compexon-ethylenediamine tetraacetate and Hanks' solution -- by 0.25 M sucrose. The cells obtained by the second method are able of oxidative phosphorylation and keep better NAD-H-cytochrom c-reductase. The fine structure of these cells revealed by means of electron microscopy analysis was well preserved. PMID- 812225 TI - Effects of caudate nuclei removal in cats. Comparison with effects of frontal cortex ablation. AB - A method is described for performing one-stage ablation of the caudate nuclei through a midline approach in cats. Ten bilateral acaudate cats (BAc), with an average of 84% of caudate tissue removed, were studied for a average of over 6 months (three, for over 1 year). In addition, 11 cats with unilateral caudectomy (UAc), with an average of 95% of the nucleus removed, 10 cats with bilateral removal of the frontal-cortical areas (BFr), and four sham-operated cats (ShO) were also studied. Most cats were implanted with recording electrodes in neocortical area, the hippocampus, the potine reticular formation, neck muscles, and orbits. The results of the gross behavioral, neurological, and polygraphic observations are reported. 1. A long-lasting, behavioral change labeled "compulsory approaching syndrome" (CAs) was observed following surtery in all BAc cats. This syndrome was characterized by stereotyped, "compulsory," and prolonged approaching or following of persons, cats, or objects apparently aimed at a physical contact with the approached target and persisting under unusual conditions... PMID- 812226 TI - Timing of major ontogenetic events in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey. AB - The place and time of origin, the migration and eventual disposition of neurons of the monkey visual cortex were studied by autoradiography in animals killed at various intervals after 3H-thymidine pulse labeling at embryonic (E) and early postnatal (P) stages. All neurons destined for the visual cortex are generated during about a 2-month period between E45 and E102. Neuron position in the cortical laminae correlates systematically with time of cell origin; neurons destined for deeper cortical positions are generated earlier, and more superficial ones progressively later. Thus, most neurons in layer VI are born between E45 and E60, in layer V between E60 and E70, in layer IV between E70 and E80, and in layers III and II between E80 and E102. No neurons, but numerous glia, are generated within the cortical plate itself. Initially young neurons are produced almost exclusively in the ventricular zone. Later they are probably generated in both ventricular and subventricular zones, and by the end of the proliferative period the subventricular zone becomes the predominant source of new cells. At the time when all neurons destined for the monkey visual cortex have already been produced, primary fissures are barely indicated on the cerebral surface and no secondary fissure appears as yet. Autoradiographic analyses indicate that at early stages young neurons move to the cortical plate relatively synchronously and at a fast rate, whereas at later stages there are considerable differences in the rates of cell migration. At early stages when the migration pathway is relatively short, the external process of the ventricular cell may stretch across almost the entire migratory distance. It is possible that nuclei move without interruption within their own cylinders of cytoplasm, a mechanism which might account for the rapid, synchronous movement of cell bodies as seen in the autoradiographic material. During later stages when young neurons, mostly of subventricular origin, move across a distance which is more than 10 times the length of their leading process, migrating cells follow radial glial guides across the widened intermediate zone and through densely packed cortical plate. This type of cell displacement seems to proceed less synchronously and require more time. It is proposed that two different mechanisms of cell displacement might exist: one in operation at early stages of cortical formation when mostly ventricular cells migrate, and another utilized by subventricular cells at later stages. PMID- 812227 TI - Brainstem substrates of sensory information processing and adaptive behavior. AB - Emerging clinical and experimental data suggest that the brainstem may be an important part of the functional matrix from which normal mental development and behavior evolve. Although the brainstem has not been a focal point in considering etiologies of mental retardation nor even in analyses of adaptive behavior, information processing within both the brainstem sensory nuclei and adjacent reticular formation may indeed be one of the most critical and relevant areas for such investigations. Data are summarized from several ongoing experiments which are designed to explore the capacity of the brainstem to encode sensory, especially acoustic, stimuli and to modulate the resultant sensory information so as to produce a "learned" response. Such data indicate that in the absence of forebrain or even midbrain structures, a simple conditioned response can be supported by the brainstem. The reticular neuropil is considered particularly important to this response acquisition and is conceptualized as a structure which can receive and transmit acoustic information with retention of specific stimulus coding. It is further suggested that independent associative and reflex functions of the reticular formation may be highly significant in neonatal behavior but, with the development of descending influences from higher centers during maturation, these functions may become largely masked. In order to develop a temporal frame of reference for brainstem structures potentially involved in sensory information processing and learning phenomena "time constants of response plasticity" are being established for different levels of the brainstem system. PMID- 812228 TI - Discussion: "Operant sensitization" and some remarks on unit recording in conscious animals. PMID- 812229 TI - Age, sex, and experience as related to the neural basis of cognitive development. AB - Studies of rhesus monkeys raised from infancy without portions of the central nervous systems provide evidence regarding the timing of functional maturity of specific regions. Some findings have been presented which show that deficits following lesions of specific cortical areas emerge at that age when abilities dependent upon the cortical area in question take on adult form in unoperated monkeys. However, age is but a convenient abstraction for conditions that vary over time. One such condition is the presence and titer of gonadal hormones. The finding that orbital functions may develop at different times in males and females is of interest from a number of perspectives, but it is especially stimulating to consider the possibility that the development of cortical tissue may be regulated by neuroendocrine factors in a fashion analogous to that envisioned for differentiation of hypothalamic mechanisms. Finally, experiential factors may depend greatly on the maturational status of those brain regions designed to be recipients of that stimulation. The fact that young children acquire second languages with far greater ease than adults or conversely that language fails to develop before 18-28 months of age regardless of training are features of human experience consistent with the interdependence of experience and neurological maturation. The present finding that training at relatively early periods of development facilitated recovery from brain injury indicates further that brain-damaged individuals can be even more sensitive to the effects of previous experience than intact cases. Age, sex, and experience are factors that may be isolated for experimental purposes and for the purpose of discussion. However, it is precisely the complex interactions of these variables that constitute the subject matter of future research in neurobiology, to which studies of infant monkeys may contribute animal models of normal and disordered human development. PMID- 812230 TI - The futility of comparative IQ research. PMID- 812231 TI - The enzymology of Tay-Sachs disease and its variant forms. PMID- 812232 TI - [Immunoglobulin G peculiar to cancer]. AB - The physicochemical methods showed that in the blood serum of patients with different forms of malignant growth, including myeloma, there exists protein which cannot be detected by the same methods in the serum of healthy people. Using ion-exchange chromatography protein was isolated and characterized by some physicochemical and biological parameters. The protein is established to belong to immunoglobulins G but it does not represent the whole function in reactions with antisera, it reacts only against gamma-heavy chains. The sedimentation constant and molecular weight testify to this fact as well. Peculiarities of amino acidic composition, conformation and structure are typical of the protein. The characteristic immunoglobulin G has a unique property of activating glycolysis and inhibiting oxygen uptake as well as of removing the Paster reaction. The physicochemical and biological peculiarities features are peculiar not only to the whole molecule but also to Fab fragment of characteristic immunoglobulin G. By using immunosorbents it was possible to show that a part of characteristic protein is in the composition of the immune complexes. The results of the model experiments with rats on studying biosynthesis of proteins peculiar to the malignant growth give reasons to suggest that proteins peculiar to these processes are synthetized anew. A correlation is found between the processes of protein synthesis and changes in mRNA transcription. On the basis of the data presented a conclusion is drawn on community of the malignant growth at the level of biosynthesis and ejection into the blood bed the peculiar proteins--malignancy markers. PMID- 812233 TI - [Studies in the field of hydrolytic enzymes]. AB - A study in the properties of hydrolytic enzymes and the processes of hydrolysis relized by them is a main trend in the department activity. Special attention is paid to the studies in hydrolases of microbial origin. Methods are developed for obtaining the proteolytic and cellulolytic complexes synthetized by the Aspergilla and Actinomyces. New, nonstudied (or little studied) individual enzymes are isolated from the proteolytic complexes proteinases form Asp. flavus, Asp. oryzae, Str. griseus; carboxypeptidase from Str. griseus. LGG-aminopeptidase from Asp. flavus. The presence of dipeptidases of different types is shown. The methods for cystallization of pepsin, alpha-chemotrypsin, trypsin, protease from Str. griseus, alpha-amylase from Asp. cryzae are developed and improved. The properties of the isolated enzymes are studied--their substrate specifity, elements, of chemical structure, effect of activators and inhibitors, metal ions, etc. Special attention is paid to studies in stability and conditions of enzymic proteins stabilization. On the basis of studies in the field of preparative enzymology as well as in stabilization and denaturation of the enzymes, seven preparations (or new methods of their production) are worked out for application to medicine. The studies in the process of gelatin hydrolysis with protease of Str. griseus made it possible to develop a new technique for silve regeneration by means of the preparation "proteinase-1". The enzymic-antibiotic preparation "protezym" proved to be effective when feeding sucking pigs and broilers. PMID- 812234 TI - [Letter: Acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in small children: as unknown virus as the cause]. PMID- 812235 TI - [Lactic acidosis in diabetics during phenformin therapy]. PMID- 812236 TI - Nasal melanoma. Its treatment by a new technique in radiation therapy. PMID- 812237 TI - [A valve-limiter for regulation of bile secretion in the postoperative period]. PMID- 812239 TI - [Skiabaryum Spofa in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in newborn calves]. AB - In 11 herds, to 209 calves a preventive preparation, Skiabaryum-Spofa, was applied in a dose of medium heaped soup spoon once a day for six days. Compared with the control group of 202 calves, morbidity in the experimental group was lower by 20.7 p. c. The difference was statistically conclusive (P = 0.01). In the case of therapeutic application, the same preparation in a dose of two medium heaped soup spoons twice a day cured 95.2 p. c. of the 209 calves on the average within 3.2 days. Mortality of the number of examined calves amounted to 1.5 p.c. Prevention by means of the Skiabaryum-Spofa preparation was more economic compared with the control group without any prevention. PMID- 812238 TI - [Effect of tylosin in pigs]. AB - The effect of tylosine and sulphadimidine, chlortetracycline, and bacitracin in feed was studied in 1275 piglets from 120 litters; the values obtained were compared with the control group given no antibiotics. Three Tylan injections were applied to a half of the animals on the 2nd, 5th, and 28th day after birth. The Tylan program did not lead to any significant reduction of piglet mortality before the 50th day of life. In neither of the groups did Tylan injections reduce mortality at the level of statistical significance. From the age of 56 days, the Tylan-application program provides statistically significant weight gains, as compared with other groups. The group with Czechoslovak antibiotics had the same weight as the group fed without antibiotics. The occurrence of pathological and anatomic findings on lungs showed no statistically significant differences in the two groups. The presence of tylosine in blood could not be ascertained after the oral application of even much higher doses than those used in the Tylan application program. Small incidence of rhinitis does not allow for drawing any conclusions concerning the effects of Tylan. PMID- 812240 TI - [Evaluation of adverse effects of the wood-impregnation substance Pentor 70]. AB - A hundred and ten days direct contact of pigs with wooden grates impregnated with Pentor 70 did not result in the arising of any obvious changes or reactions in the skin or in the lowering of efficiency. A per os intake of feed mixture with a content of 3 p. c. of sawdust impregnated with Pentor 70 resulted in the lowering of efficiency and in the arising of pathological changes in the digestive tract and in the livers. In experiments performed with rats, the contact with the impregnated sawdust and also the combination of the contact and per os acceptance resulted in changes in the respiratory organs of rats and in young rats in mortality. A limiting factor regarding the use of Pentor 70 in premises intended for pigs is the danger of gnawing impregnated wooden objects. PMID- 812241 TI - [Lipase activity in the calf serum under different types of feeding]. AB - The development of lipase activity in serum (S-lipase activity) was studied in two groups of the calves of the Bohemian Red-Pied breed in the post-natal period up to the age of nine weeks from birth. From the eighth day of age, the two groups differed from each other in their lactic nutrition. Group A calves were given whole milk (obtained at primary production) and group B calves were fed the Laktosan mixture instead of milk. The different type of nutrition did not influence the character of the development of S-lipase activity with increasing age. A difference was found between the two groups as to the level of the activity of the enzyme under study. In the whole-milk group the average S-lipase activity values were higher than in the group fed Laktosan in a larger part of the test period. Some differences were statistically significant. It is assumed that lipase activity in blood is a reflection of the external secretion of pancreas changing according to the structure of food taken in. The activity of S lipase was determined by the method according to Cherry and Crandall (Seligson, 1964); the average minimum value was 0.025 +/- 0.0017 u. in group A and 0.017 +/- 0.0081 u. in group B, and the average maximum value was 0.370 +/- 0.100 u. and 0.286 +/- 0.0766 u., respectively. PMID- 812243 TI - [Effect of catecholamines on the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and on the heart rate in goats]. AB - In goats of the Bohemian white breed the effects of increasing doses of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the changes of glycemia, the NEFA level in the plasma, and on changes of the cardiac frequency were investigated. The reaction of the cardiac frequency to i. v. applications of adrenaline and noradrenaline corresponded, as a matter of fact to the reaction observed in monogastric animals. Between adrenaline doses of 6.25 and 12.5 mug kg(-1) no conclusive difference was recorded in the effect on an increase of glycemia. Only in the case of the application of adrenaline in a dose of 25.0 mu kg(-1) there occurred a conclusively higher response of glycemia compared with the lower doses. In the case of noradrenaline no dependence on concentration was recorded in the glycemic response. Between the applied dose of both catecholamines and the increased NEFA level no dependence on concentration was observed. No interaction between the acting of adrenaline and insulin was recorded. The results obtained indicate that adrenaline and insulin affect the cardiac frequency and the level of glycemia independently from each other. PMID- 812242 TI - [Effect of nickel on the growth and liver proteins in ducks]. AB - In the course of three weeks an investigation of the growth and of the liver proteins of ducks intoxicated with nickel dichloride (0.20 in equilibrium 0.002 g Ni2+ per 100 g of feeds) and nickel ashes (5 g of solid ashes per 100 g of feeds) was carried out. It was found out that young ducks reacted sensitively with their growth to a high content of Ni2+ in the feeds, but also their resistance to nickel salt contained in the ashes. In animals fed feeds with a high content of nickel dichloride there occurred marked changes in the protein spectrum of the liver. After lowering the concentration of Ni2+ in the feeds there occured settling of the body growth and of the proteinogram. PMID- 812244 TI - [Examination and incidence of rabies on the territory of the Czech Socialist Republic during 1969 - 1973]. AB - In the course of the years 1969 until 1973, 20 058 animals including 43 species were examined for rabies in the Czech Socialist Republic. In the mentioned period rabies was found out in 1002 cases. The lowest occurrence was in the year 1970 -- 110 cases, and the highest in the year 1972, when 267 positive cases of rabies were diagnosed. A majority of the positive findings in the five years' period occurred in freely living animals, of which 889 cases (88.7 p. c.) were foxes. In dogs and cats, rabies was found altogether in 53 cases, which amounts to 8.6 p. c. In the territory of the Czech Socialist Republic rabies occurs in its silvatic form with an occasional transmission to domestic animals. PMID- 812245 TI - [Follow-up of esterified fatty acids in the blood serum and total content of fatty acids in the feces of calves reared on various types of feeding]. PMID- 812246 TI - [Effect of fenbendazole (Panacur) in sheep naturally invaded by gastrointestinal and lung nemtaodes]. AB - The paper presents the results of the clinical tests of fenbendazole (Panacur, produced by Hoechst, F. R. G.), a new antihelminthic preparation. The tests were performed in sheep naturally invaded by gastrointestinal and lung nematodes. Helminthological dissection performed 7 days after the application of 5 mg of fenbendazole per 1 kg of sheep weight proved 100% effectiveness on lungworms (Dictyocaulus filaria) and on the following gastrointestinal helminths: Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Strongyloides papilosus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus spp., and Nematodirus filicollis. The effect on the Trichocephalus ovis species was low and statistically insignificant (37.8%). The tolerance to the chemical was good even in sheep in a very bad condition. PMID- 812247 TI - [Comparison of nutrient media for isolation of microflora in swine dysentery]. AB - The usability of five nutrient media - three kinds of spirolate media, thioglycolate medium and brain hearth medium - suitable for the isolation of Vibrio coli and germs similar to borrelia isolated from pigs affected by dysentery, and vibria isolated from cattle, was compared in the study. The results of comparison show that fresh-prepared substrates must be used bor the isolation of the mentioned germs in all cases and a corresponding medium must be provided. The modified spirolate media prepared from inland and imported ingredients were suitable for the isolation of the mentioned microorganisms even in the case of their use as selective media after enrichment with antibiotics. The spirolate media and thioglycolator agar were not found suitable for maintaining the strains of germs similar to borrelia due to the quick production of involution forms and the result dying of the strains. Thenutrient solution prepared as the brain hearth inf. Oxoid blood agar is very suitable for the isolation as well as maintenance of strains. PMID- 812249 TI - [Abnormal shapes of drake's spermatozoon nucleus]. AB - An electron-microscopic study was performed to examine the shape abnormities of spermatozoon nuclei of drakes used for breeding. The following shape deviations were observed: round nuclei with one or more chromatin projections, pear-shaped nuclei and those of lobular shape. Spermatozoa with abnormal-shape usually had a smaller quantity of cytoplasma in which the electron-microscopy revealed structures of flagellum in the same form as in normal spermatozoa or in a structurally changed form. The structure of the nucleus of abnormal shapes is not distorted, with the exception of the presence of larger vacuoles. The chromatin of deformed spermatozoon nuclei showed a compsition similar to that in normal spermatozoa. PMID- 812248 TI - [Effect of experimental lard diet on the incidence of vitamin E deficiency signs in pigs]. AB - In three trials pigs were fed semisynthetic diet characterized by vitamin E deficit and supplemented with lard at different degrees of oxidative rancidity. When rancid lard was used and pigs were exposed to the effects of stress factors from the 55th day of the trail, signs of affected walking and lack of appetite were observed. Pig organs were subject to histological examination on the 83rd day. Dystrophic changes of heart and skeletal muscles were revealed. The changes were accompanied by increased activities of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum. The addition of 150 mg of tocopherol acetate per 1 kg of feed increased its concentration in tissues and prevented the occurrence of clinical, biochemical, and morphological signs; decreases in weight gains were also avoided. When fresh fat was used without any additional effect of stress factors, no morphological signs of vitamin E deficiency were observed. A decreased quality of lard in feed was not found to exert any influence on a higher consumption of vitamin E. The production of lipoperoxides in tissue homogenates was considerably decreased as a result of the addition of vitamin E to feed. The criteria to be used for intravital and post mortal diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency in pigs are evaluated. PMID- 812251 TI - Intravenous nutrition in the treatment of tetanus in horses. PMID- 812250 TI - [Demodex suis]. AB - There is a description of macroscopic changes in the subcutaneous layers in pigs caused by Demodex suis. The paper presents the biometrical values of individual stages of the development of the parasite. PMID- 812252 TI - [Case of double epiphrenic diverticulum]. PMID- 812253 TI - [Adjuvant activity of the peptidoglycan isolated from the bacterial wall of Brucella abortus 99]. AB - Cell walls were obtained from Brucella abortus 99. A peptidoglucan was isolated from them. Test animals were immunized (albino mice) with pure human gammaglobulin, and in a series of experiments the peptidoglucan was added to the antigen, while in another one it was injected 24 hours later. The titer of the separated serum was determined in terms of the amount of the complement-fixing antibodies present, using the microreaction of complement fixation. It was established that with the addition of the peptidoglucan to the antigen the titer of the newly produced antibodies rose several times. If injected later (24 hours) it did not affect the production of antibodies. Discussed is the mechanism substantiating the rise of the antibody level. PMID- 812254 TI - [Toxic action of Listeria monocytogenes]. AB - Two hoggets and 56 albino mice were used to study the effect of a water-extracted antigen of Listeria monocytogenes, strains 1,4b and St. r., through freezing, thawing, shaking, and filtrating (Seitz filter). A histologic examination was made of sections of the brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys, stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Most characteristic of the toxic effect were the necrobiotic changes in the brain and viscera as well as the histiocytic infiltrations with the formation of granulomas. The extracted antigen could be inactivated at 60 degrees C. The mortality rate of mice infected with both the antigen and Listeria organisms was highest, and this showed that the toxic substance participates in the Listeria infection. PMID- 812255 TI - Defective interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus generated in BHK cells do not interfere with viral RNA synthesis in Aedes albopictus cells. PMID- 812256 TI - Trichromacy in normally reared and light deprived infant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 812257 TI - Effects of intense visible radiation on the increment-threshold spectral sensitivity of the rhesus monkey eye. PMID- 812258 TI - Miniature eye movements of fixation in rhesus monkey. PMID- 812259 TI - [Chemotherapy of patients with recurring malignant tumors of the ovaries]. AB - The results of treatment in 59 patients with recurrent malignant ovarian tumors, using three chemotherapeutic drugs: thio-TEPA, cyclophosphane and a drug from the sym.-triazine (No31) group are analysed. The effect of these substances was estimated comparatively. The frequency of remissions proved to be practically similar. However, there was noted a tendency toward greater duration of remissions with the drug No 31 chemotherapy. PMID- 812260 TI - [Endolymphatic polychemotherapy of cancer of the ovaries]. PMID- 812261 TI - [Securing the primary effect in experiments with chemical carcinogens]. PMID- 812262 TI - [Results of intensive combination treatment of patients with cancer of the rectum]. AB - A comparative analysis of the results of treatment of two groups of patients with carcinoma of the rectum was made for a 6-year period of observation. One group (91 patients) was subjected to the intensive combined radiotherapy. In the preoperative period they received 3000 rad with supervoltage source, 600 rad daily during 9 days. Operations were performed 5-10 days following the irradiation. Surgery alone was performed in the second control group (132 patients). The intensive combined therapy allows a survival to be improved by 15.4% during six years of observation (indices were standardized by sex, age and prognosis). In a group of patients with poor prognosis the combined treatment ameliorated the results by 29% (indices are standardized by sex and age). It is believed that the intensive combined treatment for rectal cancer should be recommended for the health protection practice. PMID- 812263 TI - [Use of stereotaxic method in combination with classic craniotomy in treatment of focal epilepsy]. AB - A new method of surgical treatment in dealing with severe forms of multifocal epilepsy-stereotaxic intervention on subcortical structures during open craniotomy--is proposed. The method allows stereoelectrographic examinations to be performed during open operative interventions, helps discover subcortical epileptogenic foci, establish functional interrelationship of the chosen subcortical structure and the cortical epileptogenic focus and to undertake a differentiated intervention on the cortical, subcortical and both these foci at the same time. PMID- 812264 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin and platyphilline on hemodynamics in patients with coronary insufficiency caused by arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 812265 TI - Laboratory techniques in brucellosis. PMID- 812266 TI - Letter: Sjogren's syndrome with light chain myeloma. PMID- 812268 TI - Evaluation of dependence liability and dependence potential of drugs. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. PMID- 812267 TI - [Serological incompatibility caused by E antigen of the Rh system sensitization in an infant with hereditary spherocytosis]. PMID- 812269 TI - Control of nutritional anaemia with special reference to iron deficiency. Rpeort of an IAEA/USAID/WHO Joint Meeting. PMID- 812270 TI - Effects of the antibiotic resistomycin on the synthesis of macromolecules. AB - Resistomycin preferentially inhibits RNA synthesis in comparison to DNA and protein synthesis in intact bacterial cells. Studies with cell-free systems have shown that the antibiotic interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis, while protein synthesis is inhibited to a much lesser extent. Detailed studies in cell-free systems indicate an interaction of resistomycin with DNA- and RNA polymerase. In the case of RNA polymerase this was proved by CD measurements, whereas no interaction of the antibiotic with DNA, RNA, and homopolynucleotides could be found. One can conclude that the binding of the antibiotic to RNA polymerase is the basis for its interference with RNA synthesis. PMID- 812271 TI - Division of heterocysts in the blue-green alga Anabaena doliolum Bharadwaja. PMID- 812272 TI - Isolation of a heterotrophic, non-nitrogen-fixing mutant clone of Anabeane doliolum. PMID- 812273 TI - [Transient cerebral insult in hypoglycemias]. PMID- 812275 TI - [Stress sensitivity and adaptation]. PMID- 812274 TI - [Immunological studies on the pancreas]. AB - From 1969 to 1974 on 38 diabetic patients with terminal renal insufficiency 1,500 haemodialyses were carried out. Out of them 21 were or are in the prolonged programme of dialysis. The average duration of diabetes up to the terminal renal insufficiency was 20 years. The survival time under dialysis between 50 to 616 days was on the average nearly 248 days. The waste of substances normally contained in the urine and the normalisation of changes of minerals under dialysis is to be compared with that one in non-diabetics. The conduction of the diabetic metabolism in advanced diabetic nephropathy is independent on the form of therapy chosen difficult and undergoes strong variations. For this practical recommendations are given. Dependent on the beginning of the dialysis in 8 cases we succeeded in a temporarily limited full rehabilitation, 5 patients were partially rehabilitated and in 8 patients the general condition could be improved by the treatment without successful rehabilitation. The main complications, which were also dominating causes of death, were seen from the side of the system of coronary circulation. Mediascleroses of the arterial walls partly of a high degree allow the supposition that in these cases additionally a secondary hyperparathyroidism was in question. PMID- 812277 TI - A microelectrophoretic method for the separation of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A and B from cultured human fibroblasts and amniotic cells with the aid of polyacrylamide flat disc gels. PMID- 812276 TI - [The enzymic and immunological determination of coeruloplasmin: sex- and method dependent differences during the administration of oestrogens (author's transl)]. AB - After 14 days of 1 mug ethinyloestradiol per kg body weight per day, both sexes show highly significant increases in serum coeruloplasmin which are independent of the determination method. Expressed on a percentage basis, the concentrations of coeruloplasmin under oestrogen medication determined by the p-phenylendiamine oxidase reaction are significantly higher than those determined by the immunological-nephelometric method. This is because several coeruloplasmin components, mainly C and DO, take part in the determination with p phenylendiamine oxidase, whereas the immunological method measures chiefly the coeruloplasmin DO component. The significant sex differences under oestrogen medication shown by the determination with p-phenylendiamine oxidase, can therefore be explained by the presence of C- and D-coeruloplasmins in women, while the serum of men contains almost exclusively D-coeruloplasmins. Under oestrogen medication, the increase occurs primarily in the DO- coeruloplasmin component, and women also show an increase in coeruloplasmin-C. The significant higher enzymatic concentrations in the serum of the women in contrast to the men are thus plausibly explained. With the immunological assay, the sex differences were only probably significant. PMID- 812278 TI - [A comparative study of total protein and albumin in man, monkey, dog and rat employing different analytical methods (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study, serum albumin was determined colorimetrically in three animal species and in man with the help of four currently used dye-reagents (protein binding reagents). The results were compared with those obtained from corresponding electrophoretic and biuret determinations, using Versatol as a standard-control throughout. Using 2-(4-hydroxyazobenzene)-benzoic acid and bromocresol purple as reagent for the albumin determinations, species-specific differences from the electrophoretic results were found. No such differences occurred with bromo-cresol green, except in rats. There was no significant difference in albumin concentrations between man, monkeys and rats. Total protein concentration was only similar in man and monkeys. PMID- 812279 TI - [What is radiotherapy]. PMID- 812280 TI - [Change of the after-stress in the right and left ventricles under nitroglycerin]. PMID- 812281 TI - [Proceedings: The effect of nitrates on the systemic circulation and the myocardial oxygen consumption]. PMID- 812282 TI - Nuclear organisation in gametocytes of Plasmodium and Hepatocystis: a cytochemical study. PMID- 812283 TI - [Analysis of volatile aldehydes by radio-gaschromatography (author's transl)]. AB - Soya- and oats-lipoxygenase (E.C. 1.13.1.13.) are incubated by 14C-marked linoleic acid. The volatile aldehydes arising thereby are isolated. The activity of the components separated by gaschromatography is written down by a printing indicator and the impulses/min are registered and printed out by a ratemeter. Thus the aldehydes which are produced by the enzymatic oxydation with lipoxygenase from the molecule of the linoleic acid can be determined. The composition of the mixture of aldehyde is calculated in mol-% from the measured impulses per peak. A possible origin of pathway is indicated for the main reaction products hexanal (soya-lipoxygenase) and non-trans-2-enal (oats lipoxygenase). PMID- 812284 TI - [Screening in preschool- and school-age children]. PMID- 812285 TI - [The "Kaiser-Permanente" type of multiphasic screening]. PMID- 812286 TI - [Animal experiments on the maintenance dose of D-penicillamine]. AB - The question of a D-penicillamine maintenance dose was tested by the load resulting in rupture of excised strips of dorsal skin of male albino rats. The reduction in load resulting in rupture (-48.5 per cent) obtained by 14 days of treatment with 320 mg/kg/day orally can be maintained completely over a treatment period of 28 days by daily administration of half the dose (160 mg/kg/day orally). Animal experimental findings correspond well with the procedure applied in hospital, to fix the maintenance dose at 30-50 per cent of the maximal dose after full effect is reached. PMID- 812287 TI - [Antigens of the synovial fluid. I. Immunodiffusion and electrophoretic studies]. AB - 9 rabbits were immunized with the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The antisera thus raised contained antibodies against 18 serum proteins and against fibrinogen. After full absorption of the antisera with human blood plasma a maximum of 5 and average of 3 typically synovial antigens could be detected in the synovial fluid by immunodiffusion. One antigen (SF1) was present in all studied human organs and connective tissue extracts. It is thermostable, insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in 0,3 N perchloric acid. The two other antigens had a lipid character, one of them was also thermostable and insoluble in alcohol and smaller amounts there-of were found in organ extracts. The antigens could also be detected in synovial effusions caused by trauma, whereas normal synovial fluid contained only two unidentified antigens in low titre. Using immunodiffusion the antisera did not show any cross reaction with synovial fluids and organ extracts of other species. Immuno-electrophoretically only the line of the SF1 in the alpha1/alpha2 area could be definitely localized. PMID- 812288 TI - [On the distribution of fruiting myxobacteria in European beaches and dunes (author's transl)]. PMID- 812289 TI - [Perinatal fate of children delivered by cesarean section with a birth weight less than or equal to 2000g]. AB - The fate from children with a brithweight less than or equal to 2000 g in attendence of caesarean section is doubtful. From 35 children, born by caesarean section because of maternal and/or fetal indications died 17 (approximately 50 per cent). Maternal indication entitled always to perform sectio parva during the III. trimester of pregnancy--or to a earlier period. Clear fetal indication for caesarean section from the 34. week of gestation justified one-self. This is relative seldom. Caesarean section--performed before the 34. week of gestation- is changed with a high perinatal mortality and morbidity. PMID- 812291 TI - [Sarcoma uteri and neurofibrosarcoma in a case of Recklinghausen's disease]. AB - A case of Neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen with Sarcoma uteri is reported. After 23 years absence of recidivity a plum-sized, hard tumor was diagnosed in the left inguinal region. Primarily this tumor was thought to be a late relapse of sarcoma uteri, but in fact it was a neurofibrosarcoma. The connections between sarcoma uteri and neurofibrosarcoma is discussed, because a new histological examination could detect neurofibromal cells in the uterine tumor. PMID- 812290 TI - [Fetomaternal transfusion in abortion and pregnancy interruptions and Rh prevention]. AB - The present paper is intended to assess the amount of fetomaternal transfusion in the first and second half of pregnancy, in the peripartal phase as well as in abortion and interruption. The findings of our investigations show that the obtained values of HbF cell invasion approximately correspond to the invasion values in the postpartal phase and call for general immunoprophylaxis in Rh negative women. PMID- 812292 TI - Nationwide survey of antibiotic resistance by means of a computer. An introduction into the analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance. AB - One-year surveillance of single and multiple antibiotic resistance of 8 species of so-called "Problem Bacteria" by computer analysis of data obtained from 18 Public Health Laboratories in Slovakia in 1973 enables to establish the most frequently occuring spectra of multiple drug resistance which would point to the spread of typical R plasmids among the Problem bacteria investigated. As an introduction, we surveyed the mode of testing of Problem bacteria in individual PHLs against antibiotics - drugs of choice. Iw was important to find out whether strains belonging to Problem bacteria investigated are tested against sufficient number of antibacterial drugs. Our study shows that the percentage of bi- and multiple drug resistance in almost all bacterial species investigated depend on the number of antibiotics used in tests in vitro as single discs. The more antibiotic discs are used to test the strains, the more chance the laboratory has to register the true picture of multiresistance to antibiotics. Our study also shows that the testing in the PHLs associated to the computer study in this respect is inadequate. Moreover, the increasing complexity and proportion of multiple drug resistance in Problem Bacteria - with a notable exception of Salmonellae - forces the PHLs to use more and more discs so that using two Petri dishes full of discs - 12 to 15 discs - begins to be necessary in testing of most of the Problem bacteria under investigation. PMID- 812293 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies on cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in the muscles of calves infected experimentally with oocytes and sporocysts of the large form of Isospora bigemina from dogs. 2. The fine structure of cyst stages]. AB - In several experiments calves were infected with sporocytes of the large form of Isospora bigemina from dogs thus producing "thin-walled" cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in muscles. Following the growth of the cyst the development of the cyst stages (metrocytes, merozoites) was studied by electron microscopy. Cyst formation began about 34 days p.i. from a parasitophorus vacuole containing exclusively ovoid metrocytes. One the 62nd day p.i. mainly metrocytes and a few banana-shaped stages were present in the cysts. These banana-shaped stages were called merozoites, because we consider the process of cyst formation as an extraintestinal schizogony. From the 76th day p.i. mainly merozoites, i.e. infectious stages, were observed. The metrocytes were surrounded directly by the amorphous ground substance of the cyst's interior, whereas the merozoites were closely packed within chamber-like hollows of the ground substance. The metrocytes are globular cells, about 7 X 5 mum. These cells possess as the metrocytes of other species a typical three-layered pellicle with deep micropores, a conoid, polar ring with 22 anchored subpellicular microtubules, very few rhoptries and micronemes, a golgi complex anterior to the large nucleus. The nucleus has a spherical nucleolus consisting of granular and fibrillar zones. Chromosomal structures were seen in two different stages: large dense plaques (condensed stage), and as small dense granules of 300-400 A diameter, arranged spherically within the karyoplasm (extended stage). There is no significant difference in fine structure between the metrocytes of I. hominis-induced cysts and those from cysts after infections with the large form of I. bigemina from dog. PMID- 812294 TI - The role of temperature factors in the epidemiology of listeriosis. AB - A total of 5000 samples were examined for Listeria monocytogenes, and 117 strains had been isolated. Out of these, 36 strains were selected according to their low virulence. An increasing virulence could be observed, when they were cultured on optimal media at 4 degrees C, with inoculations at every third week. This increased virulence caused by temperature factors, can have an important role in the epidemiology of listeriosis. PMID- 812295 TI - Nation-wide survey of antibiotic resistance by means of a computer: bacterial strains from the urine, stool, and upper respiratory tract. AB - All-nation data of antibiotic resistance of about 200 000 bacterial strains isolated in the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1973 have been grouped, and compared, by means of a computer, into resistances of strains isolated from the urine, from upper respiratory tract (URT), from stool and from other pathological materials. In general, urine strains of all species investigated were found to be more resistant to "main antibiotics", and, suprisingly, to septrin, than strains from other sources. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and, notably, of Klebsiella Enterobacter from the URT are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than strains of these species isolated from other sources. Urine strains of E. coli, P. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa show a high degree of resistance almost to all antibiotics, with exception of gentamicin and colistin (for E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa only). Further antibiotics for combatting these strains are urgently needed. Similar computer-assisted monitoring of strains from the very specified sources may be easily adapted for individual hospitals, clinics and even wards. PMID- 812296 TI - [The meaning of the results of four national disinfectant testing techniques (author's transl)]. AB - The bactericidal activity of three disinfectant standards has been determined by four national methods (the qualitative suspension test of the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology DGHM, the quantitative suspension test of the Dutch Committee on Phytopharmacy, the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. and the Kelsey and Sykes' test) in order to compare these four testing techniques. In previous publications the results of these experiments and the degree of standardisation of the four methods have been tested. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate to what extent the results obtained by the four testing techniques do correspond. The bactericidal activity can be expressed as a germicidal effect. In theory (Tab. 1) the values of germicidal effect can be similar for the four testing techniques. In practice (Tab. 2 and 3) it has been found that with the suspension technique of the DGHM systematically higher values are obtained than in the other tests. These can not be compared to each other, because the medication times differ. Although the values of the germicidal effect obtained are widely different, it can happen that the minimum effective concentration determined by the four methods be identical as each of these methods applies different criteria. The authors have therefore calculated the minimum effective concentration which is required for the disinfectant standard by the four disinfectant testing techniques (Tab. 4). Even here, no correspondence has been found between the four methods. The lethal concentration of the disinfectant standards determined by the use-dilution method of the A.O.A.C. is thus 2 to 16 times those required by the Dutch suspension test. The difference in effective concentrations, however, is not constant and is not related to the type of disinfectant or the test organism. In consequence, there is no way of establishing a comparison between the results of the four methods with a view to setting up a conversion table. Each disinfectant testing technique has its own characteristics. PMID- 812298 TI - The effect of leucocytes from cattle immunized against East Coast fever on the migration of bovine lymphoblasts infected with Theileria parva. PMID- 812297 TI - [Test methods for surgical hand disinfection (author's transl)]. AB - As exemplified by a test preparation, methods for assessing the effect of hand disinfection on the resident flora are put up for discussion. The test of a method for hand disinfection must make allowance for conditions prevailing in practice. Accordingly, the following steps should be taken into consideration: A. Single use 1. Immediate disinfecting effect 2. Duration of the disinfecting effect B. Repeated use 3. Course of the initial colony count 4. Immediate disinfecting effect 5. Behaviour of colony count after interruption of the disinfecting method applied. For the purpose of comparing the total count, as with all other disinfecting methods, the colony count must be determined by fractional collection methods; to this end, Traub's procedure may be modified, possibly using the plastic bag method described by Gaschen. A careful statistical evaluation with appropriate transformation of the results is indispensable. PMID- 812299 TI - Production of antisera against the virus of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) of rainbow trout. PMID- 812300 TI - [Microflora and immunity in surgical patients. I. Some microfloral indices in the pre- and postoperative periods]. AB - Surgical treatment can lead to the appearance of a purulent staphylococcus infection of endogenous etiology. Endogenous infection originates as a result of the patient's diminished resistance, indicated by an increase in the number of pathogenic staphylococci, the appearance of representatives of the intestinal flora in the oral cavity and on the surface of the skin. No iogenous purulent infection. PMID- 812301 TI - [Biocenotic dynamics of liquid sewage in the process of its biological purification at aeration stations]. AB - A study was made of biological purification of sewage at the aeration stations on the quantitative composition of the main indicator microbes--of bacteria of the coliform group and of the fecal coliform bacilli, enterococci, Proteus, and also pathogenic enterobacteria. There was found a difference in the behaviour of different species of Proteus, i.e. reduction in the process of purification in the numbers of Pr. mirabilis, and a sharp elevation of Pr. morganii content. There was noted an insignificant amount of Pr. vulgaris both before and after the biological purification. It was found that dynamics of biocenosis was influenced by air temperature at the time of collection of the samples. A possibility of reproduction of coliform bacilli serving as one of the factors of autopurification of sewage during the biological purification was confirmed. PMID- 812302 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of the "healthy" diphtheria bacteria carrier state]. PMID- 812303 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the antigenic preparations obtained by various methods from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells]. PMID- 812304 TI - [Study of delayed hypersensitivity in animals with varying specific susceptibility to brucellosis when inoculated with vaccinal and virulent Brucella]. PMID- 812305 TI - [Infection risk in meningococcal infection (the effect of the duration and closeness of the contact in transmission of the Meningococcus]. AB - The authors present experimental-epidemiological data permitting to give an objective quantitative characteristics of the hazard of infection in meningococcus infection (including the carrier state and nasopharyngitis). In 70% of cases meningococcus infection occurred at a distance of less than 0.5 meters. With increase of the distance and reduction of the time of contact the risk of meningococcus infection in a collective body falls to the zero (no such phenomenon is observed in other droplet infections). PMID- 812306 TI - [Patterns of antimicrobial immunity in carriers of toxigenic diphtheria bacteria]. AB - It was shown in the passive hemagglutination test (PHAT) with a type-specific somatic antigen on 147 carriers of toxigenic diphtheria bacilli that the PHAT titres of 1/80 and over were determined in 64% of bacteria. In the process of carrier state of toxigenic bacteria antimicrobial antibodies were detected in 79% of the children; after the release from the carrier state, the percentage was from 57 to 26, depending on the time lapse after it. Among the carriers of nontoxigenic diphtheria bacilli the PHAT titre of 1/80 and over was established in up to 20% of children, and only in those which were in the focus of toxigenic bacilli carriers. The applied test could be used for epidemiological purpose to determine the spread of the carrier state of toxigenic bacteria in a collective body. PMID- 812307 TI - [Study of the reasons for a decrease in the inoculability of diphtheria bacteria]. AB - It was shown that the seeding efficacy of diphtheria bacilli depended not only on the state of the epidemic process, but also on the correct methodical approach to the examination. A combination of the qualitative and epidemiological choice of the groups of population for bacteriological examination with the use of blood tellurite media permitted to increase the efficacy of investigations, with a considerable reduction of the number of analyses. PMID- 812308 TI - [Production of sera for determining group A Streptococcus using the precipitation in gel reaction]. AB - The sera of rabbits immunized with the culture of streptococcus, group A, treated with pepsin were studied by the immunodiffusion methods. The sera intensively reacted with the polysaccharide of the streptococcus, group A, but not with the polysaccharide of the streptococcus of A-variant and with the proteins contained in the hyfrochloric extracts of group A. Some of the sera contained antibodies to polyglycerophosphate and antigen E4 which could be eliminated by sorption of the sera with the culture of the streptococcus of A-variant treated with pepsin. Despite the sorption, individual sera reacted with the hydrochloric extracts obtained from the streptococcus, group L, or the S. aureus. The sera reacting with the polysaccharide of group A could be used for the identification of streptococcus, group A, by the method of precipitation in gel. The advantages of the method consist in its simplicity and distinct result, which can be obtained in two hours. PMID- 812309 TI - [Immunogenic properties of the cellular components of Brucella]. AB - A study was made of immunogenic properties of the cell wall and other cellular components of brucellae obtained by mechanical disntegration of bacteria. The greatest immunogenic properties proved to be possessed by the cell walls. In using the vaccine consisting o the living vaccine of the Br. abortus strain 19 and the cell walls of brucellae the efficacy of the preparation was not reduced in experiments on guinea pigs and mice. PMID- 812310 TI - [Ability of lactobacilli in the human microflora to produce lysozyme]. AB - Lysozyme activity of 403 strains of lactobacilli were investigated; of these 26 were from foreign sets and 377 were isolated from the contents of the stomach, feces and vaginal discharge of healthy adults. The species reference of lactobacillae was confirmed by the results of study of their physiologo biochemical properties with the aid of 45 tests. A method of agar plates was adapted to determination of lysozyme: the autoclaved suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (strain No. 2665) was added to the agar medium MPC-I, and lactobacilli were cultivated for 4 days in the CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C. There was revealed the capacity of L. fermenti and L. brevis to produce lysozyme; in L. fermenti the lysozyme activity was much more frequent (p less than 0.001); strains of the rest of the species of lactobacilli differentiated by the Rogosa and Sharpe's classification proved to be lysozyme-negative. It was shown that the lactobacilli of the L. fermenti species, included into the microflora of the intestine and the vagina of healthy adults as a rule possessed lysozyme activity. L. fermenti strain 90T-S4 used in the production of dry lactobacterin also produced lysozyme. All this favours an important role of L. fermenti in the protective function of the microflora. PMID- 812311 TI - [Results of a study of the diagnostic qualities of brucellosis and tularemic antigenic erythrocytic diagnostica]. AB - The authors elaborated methods of preparation of brucella and tularemia antigenic erythrocytic diagnostic agents which were characterized as highly specific, specific and stable preparations in mass examination of humans and animals at various stages of the vaccinal and infectous processes. The simplicity of obtaining specific antigens intended for the sensitization of formalinized erythrocytes and stability of the results of results of reproduction of the methods of preparation of the antigenic erythrocytic diagnostic agents offered a possibility of recommending the mentioned methods of industrial preparation of the diagnostic agents. PMID- 812312 TI - [Toxic properties of the exotoxin from anthrax vaccinal strain CTI-1 in an experiment on animals]. AB - A study of sensitivity of various laboratory animals (guinea pigs, albino mice, Cricetus auratus W., albino rats and chick embryos) demonstrated that they all, excluding the latter, reacted by specific edema in response to the administration of the exotoxin produced by the vaccine strain CTI-1. A quantitative characteristics of the activity of the preparation for albino mice was presented and a method permitting to determine the activity of the anthrax exotoxin in intradermal test on guinea pigs with a greater precision than the accepted one was elaborated. PMID- 812313 TI - [Alpha-L-iduronidase activity in fibroblasts of patients with Hurler syndrome]. PMID- 812314 TI - [Studies on cross reactions of antisera against nucleotid-protein conjugates with denaturated desoxyribonucleic acids]. AB - The reactivity of anti-nucleotide-sera (anti-UMP, anti-AMP, anti-GMP) with denatured DNA's of 10 different sources was investigated by means of quantitative complement fixation. The haptene specificity of the anti-nucleotide antibodies was shown by haptene inhibition of the reaction with DNA. Anti-UMP showed cross reactions with other pyrimidine-derivatives, but to a lesser extent; anti-GMP cross-reacted with adenine structures. Quantitative differences were observed in the reaction of anti-UMP, anti-AMP and anti-GMP with DNA's of various (G + C) contents. These differences could not be correlated in all cases with the overall base composition of the DNA. PMID- 812315 TI - [Hepatitis beta-antigen titer and subtypes of acute and chronic hepatitis]. AB - The incidence of the hepatitis B antigen (HBSAg) in the sera of 650 acute virus hepatitis (AVH) and 200 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients was determined by screening test (counter-immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion). The findings showed a positivity in 28% of the acute virus hepatitis patients and in 47% of the chronic hepatitides. Further, the detected HB Ag was investigated both quantitatively (titer) and qualitatively (subtype). The results obtained have shown the absence of differences in the HB Ag-titer distribution of the two groups investigated and the prevalence of the HBSAg/ayw subdeterminant in both groups (62% in AVH and 57% in CH patients). PMID- 812317 TI - Cytochemical abnormalities of atypical erythroblasts in acute erythremic myelosis. AB - Cytochemical properties of atypical erythroblasts and 'histioid' cells from the bone marrows of two patients with acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's disease) were studied. In addition to strong PAS and strong nonspecific esterase positivity, intense specific esterase positivity was also detected in the majority of the erythroid precursors. Since specific esterase activity is considered to be a feature of granulocytic cells, its presence in erythroid precursors raises the possibility that the atypical erythroblasts of acute erythremic myelosis may share close metabolic relationships with granulocytic cells. PMID- 812318 TI - Human monocytopoiesis in acute and chronic inflammation. AB - Monocytopoiesis was analyzed in patients with severe, acute inflammations induced by surgical interventions as well as in others with mild, chronic inflammations in connection with gastric or duodenal ulcers. The state of acute inflammation was assumed to be associated with a high and steeply rising monocyte demand as opposed to the constant and relatively small monocyte recruitment in chronic inflammation. In chronic mild inflammatory reactions DNA synthesis activity of promonocytes was increased by a factor of about two; the promonocyte pool was normal. In patients who underwent surgical operations changes in the following parameters were observed during the first 15 h after start of surgery: (1) average increase in 3H-TDR labelling index by 38%; (2) average enlargement of promonocyte pool by 34%, (3) and relase of immature cells from the bone marrow into the blood. Increase in DNA synthesis activity as well as expansion of the promonocyte pool causes an enhanced monocyte production rate. The 'shift to the left' in monocyte egress is equivalent to a reduced stem-cell-to-blood transit time. These variations permit short-term adaptation of monocytopoiesis to varying demands. PMID- 812320 TI - Thrombopoietin activity in mice following immune-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - Thrombopoietin levels in thrombocytopenic mice assayed by 75Se-se-lenomethionine incorporation into blood platelets reached a maximum 12 h after the induction of an acute, immune thrombocytopenia; that was more than twice the value in control mice. The implications of this finding are discussed with reference to the kinetics of megakaryocyte production. PMID- 812316 TI - [The effect of depot contraceptive agents on the ovary in rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 812319 TI - Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in Uganda. AB - The hematologic remission rate of 17 black Ugandan children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with prednisone and vincristine was 41%. There was no correlation of the remission rate with any clinical or laboratory finding at the time of diagnosis. The frequency of remission approximated that of similarly treated black American children but was significantly less than that achieved in white children. Whether this poor response to therapy, as compared to the response of white children, represents genetic, environmental or socioeconomic factors is discussed. PMID- 812321 TI - A new family with congenital factor XII deficiency. AB - The case of a patient with Hageman trait and his family study are reported. Commercial plasma thromboplastin time (PTT) reagents showed a good sensitivity for detecting the plasma defect. By prolonging the incubation time of the mixture containing PTT reagent and factor XII-deficient plasma the abnormal coagulation times were not corrected. Thus, a concomitant Fletcher factor deficiency could be excluded. PMID- 812322 TI - Absence of the Y chromosome in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - The Y chromosome was missing from the cells of aspirated bone marrow in 2 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). in both cases, blast cell transformation occurred within 17 months of presentation. Their short course is in contrast to the hypothesis that absence of the Y chromosome in CGL is compatible with long survival. PMID- 812323 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of hypocholesterolemia, hypocalcemia and hypofibrinogenemia in a case of multiple myeloma. AB - Hypocholesterolemia, hypocalcemia and hypofibrinogenemia were simultaneously found in a patients with multiple myeloma. An objective remission of the myeloma during Melphalan treatment was accompanied by a normalization of these three parameters. PMID- 812324 TI - [Immunization in the range of HL-A antigen system in volunteers immunized with small doses of blood incompatible in the Rh system]. AB - Thirty-six healthy men Rh-negative were immunized with whole Rh-positive blood for production of anti-D antibodies were observed for development of anti leucocyte antibodies determined by incidental incompatibility in HL-A antigens. Small doses of blood containing 25-35 X 10(6) white blood cells were found to be sufficient for production of weak anti-leucocyte antibodies in 91.7% of immunized subjects. The ability to produce anti-leucocyte antibodies was nearly twice as high as the ability to produce anti-Rh antibodies. No correlation was observed between the ability of immunization in the range of erythrocyte or leucocyte antigens. PMID- 812325 TI - The market for anesthesia services: some estimates and recommendations. PMID- 812326 TI - A case study: a patient with a PCO2 less than 10 torr. PMID- 812327 TI - Precipitin to mite detected in asthmatic patients. AB - Mite antigen from dermatophagoides farinae was labelled with 125I, and used for detection of precipitin to mite antigen in sera from asthmatic patients allergic to mite and house dust. By double gel diffusion using this labelled antigen, it was found that 16 out of 37 sera formed precipitin bands which were detected by radioautography. Only one serum formed a precipitin band when non-labelled mite antigen was used in double gel diffusion. The main immunogenic component in mite extract migrated to the beta region in immunoelectrophoresis. The intensity of the precipitin line did not correlate with the relative concentration of IgE antibodies as determined by RAST. IgG antibodies to mite were detected by radioimmunoelectrophoresis in three out of 37 sera. PMID- 812328 TI - Clinical trial of a two per cent solution of DSCG in perennial rhinitis. PMID- 812329 TI - Bronchoconstriction induced by repeated forced vital capacity manoeuvres. AB - An asthmatic atopic patient who developed bronchoconstriction during repeated forced vital capacity manoeuvres and after exercise is reported. Since increases in total airway and upper segment resistances and drop in FEV1 and Vmax 50 were induced, it is considered that bronchoconstriction involved most of the airways. Partial prevention of this effect could be demonstrated after inhalation of an adrenergic bronchidilator or disodium cromoglycate. Atropine completely prevented the flow response but did not alter the total airway resistance increase. Bronchoconstriction is interpreted as partially related to mast cell disruption and cholinergically mediated stimuli. PMID- 812330 TI - Effects of different dosages of anticonvulsant drugs on mental performance in patients with chronic epilepsy. AB - Fifteen epileptic patients had their dose of anticonvulsant drugs changed twice, each time by 30-50 per cent of the initial medication. Before the dose change, the patients were given six especially adapted mental performance tests, which were designed to measure vigilance, reaction time and certain aspects of memory. Serum drug levels were also monitored. The main results include assessment of effects of drugs on mental performance and evaluation of the psychological tests used. (1) Vigilance and reaction time test were the most useful in evaluation of effects of various doses of the medication; the memory tasks showed similar, but less definite, trends; and rote calculation and block design were of no particular value in this study. (2) On the tests for vigilance and reaction time, the greatest number of patients performed best on the lowest dose of their medication, the respective percentages being 45.8 and 56. By comparison, fewest patients performed best on their highest dose, the percentages being 16.7 for vigilance and 12.5 for reaction time; while the percentages on medium dose were 37.5 and 31.2 on the respective tests. (3) Use of well-standardized, yet simplified, mental performance tests in combination with changes in the dosage of medication can help in reaching a compromise between acceptable seizure control and avoidance of excessive slowing of mental activity. PMID- 812331 TI - Influence of intrauterine haemolysis on the amniotic fluid phospholipid concentration. AB - The relationship between surfactant synthesis measured by amniotic fluid lecithin concentration and L/S ratio, and the degree of intrauterine haemolysis as judged by the Liley optical density difference, has been studied in 125 samples from 62 rhesus immunized pregnant women. In forty cases where the samples were obtained within one week of delivery, the results have been correlated with cord blood haemoglobin concentrations. There is evidence that a mild intrauterine haemolytic process may stimulate surfactant production while severe intrauterine haemolysis may be inhibitory in some cases. Intrauterine anaemia did not seem to have any effect upon respiratory function after birth as long as the L/S ratio was adequate. PMID- 812332 TI - Enzymatic studies of glycogen metabolism in nonmalignant and malignant biopsies from the human uterine cervix. AB - The glycogen metabolism of the human uterine cervix has been investigated in tissue specimens from 147 women with gynaecological diseases: 64 with cervical carcinomas, 6 with carcinoma in situ and 77 with nonmalignant cervical diseases. The glycogen content of the normal uterine cervix was found to be fairly constant and apparently not regulated by steroid hormones. The low content of glycogen in malgnant cervical tumours was confirmed by the present investigation. The percent investigation also showed that this abnormality was not only characteristic of invasive carcinoma but also of carcinoma in situ. A particularly low glycogen content was found in tissue samples from patients with relapse. Concerning the enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism, a significantly high activity of glycogen synthetase was found in malignant cervical biopsies, while the activity of glycogen phosphorylase did not differ significantly when comparing normal to malignant tissue. PMID- 812334 TI - Prevalence of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteriological specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with other diseases. AB - The relative prevalence of mucoid strains compared with non-mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been investigated in all routine bacteriological specimens received in a department of clinical microbiology during 1973. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 1054 of the specimens (5.7 per cent) representing 53 patients with cystic fibrosis (551 isolates) and 169 patients with other diseases (503 isolates). The relative prevalence of mucoid strains was significantly higher in specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis (80 per cent) than in specimens from patients with other diseases (3 per cent). Considering patients without cystic fibrosis, the relative prevalence of mucoid strains was low in specimens from all anatomical regions, and no special preference of these strains for the respiratory tract could be demonstrated in these patients, in contrast to the situation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Alternation between mucoid strains and non-mucoid strains in subsequent specimens was observed in 33 of the patients. PMID- 812333 TI - A modified "soft surface specimen technique" for examination of the inner ear. AB - A new surface preparation method was devised for assessing intracochlear vessels and sensorineurepithelium. The method is a combination of the conventional osmic acid stained surface preparation method and a surface preparation technique with injection of Prussian blue and decalcification of the cochlea. Such a combination preserves most advantages of each and eliminates many of the disadvantages. To preserve the delicate sensory and nervous structures we examined variations of the preparation, paying particular attention to fixation, staining, and decalcification procedures and solutions. Varying the preparation had a less marked effect on external wall structures than on the basilar membrane; the primary changes consisted of variation in staining contrast. The method proved useful for demonstrating the normal anatomy and pathological changes in cochlear vasculature and in sensorineural and supporting structures of the labyrinth in light and phase contrast microscopy at moderate magnifications. PMID- 812335 TI - Epidemiological markers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 6. Relationship between concomitant non-mucoid and mucoid strains from the respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis. AB - The simultaneously occurring mucoid (M) and non-mucoid (NM) variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently observed in cultures from the respiratory tract of chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients have been studied. M cultures in vitro were unstable and easily dissociated NM colonies. In a large proportion of the cases, M and NM variants occurring simultaneously in cultures from one and the same clinical specimen were of the same pyocine type, phage type, and serogroup. In some remaining cases there were small differences between the M and NM variants such that identity between the variants from one and the same specimen was possible, although not definite. The NM dissociants from M strains were of the same type as the M variant. The possible role of cross-infection and the interaction of bacteria and host response factors continuously tending to select the unstable M variant in vivo are discussed. PMID- 812336 TI - Gas chromatography of bacterial whole cell methanolysates. VII. Fatty acid composition of Acinetobacter in relation to the taxonomy of Neisseriaceae. AB - The cellular fatty acids of seventeen Acinetobacter strains were determined. Most acids identified were previously found in neisseriae and moraxellae. Specific for Acinetobacter was 2-hydroxydodecanoid acid and a few minor unidentified components. The fatty acid data were analysed by numerical methods and compared with previous results obtained for neisseriae and moraxellae. The findings were consistent with genetic evidence for some affinities of genus Acinetobacter to genus Moraxella and "false neisseriae". Occasionally, a high resemblance in fatty acid pattern was demonstrated between a Moraxella strain and certain strains of Acinetobacter, and also between an Acinetobacter strain and certain "true neisseriae". Still, the acinetobacters constituted one single cluster separated from the other genera of Neisseriaceae. PMID- 812337 TI - Comparison of the effect of phenobarbital on the D-glucuronic acid pathway in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 812339 TI - [The morphology of the fungiform papillae of some primates and humans]. PMID- 812338 TI - Artificial hyperventilation during 21 years in three cases of complete respiratory paralysis. AB - Three patients with paralytic poliomyelitis have been ventilated via tracheostomy with uncuffed silver cannula for 21 years, with high tidal volumes of atmospheric air (8.3, 7.2, and 5.4 ml/kg b.wt.), at a frequency of 20, passive expiration, and without periodic hyperinflation. No pulmonary complications were seen during the whole of this period. The total compliance was significantly decreased. The pulmonary physiological shunt relative to the total pulmonary blood flow (Qs/Qt) was slightly increased. PaO2 was nevertheless normal, probably due to a high alveolar PO2 caused by the hyperventilation. The physiological dead space realtive to the tidal volume (VD/VT) was within the noraml range, but VD was high in one case. Two of the patients disclosed an extremely low CO2 production and a PaCO2 averaging 12 mmHg, with small fluctuations during a 24-hour study. This profound respiratory alkalosis was only partly compensated in the arterial blood (pH: 7.54 and 7.50), suggesting a new state of acid-base equilibrium. The cerebrospinal fluid lactate was significantly increased to about 4 mmol/l, but the patients revealed no signs of impaired cerebral function. A reduction of the degree of hypocapnia by the use of a mechanical dead space is recommended. PMID- 812340 TI - Lactose synthetase. PMID- 812341 TI - The effects of tolbutamide on the development of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys fed an average American table-prepared diet. PMID- 812342 TI - Preliminary structural characterization of Pacific hagfish immunoglobulin. PMID- 812343 TI - Immunoglobulins in ranid frogs and tadpoles. AB - Three distinct immunoglobulins (Igs) have been isolated from serum of Rana catesbeiana frogs. One of these is high in molecular weight and probably corresponds to the IgM-like Igs that have been isolated from a variety of vertebrate species. The other 2 Igs are lower in molecular weight (approximately 7S) and very similar in subunit structure. They were highly cross-reactive, although each contained unique antigenic determinants. Their relationship to other vertebrate Ig classes remains to be established. The mode of subunit linkage in all 3 Igs is unusual since the unreduced proteins were partially dissociated in detergent. Serum from R. catesbeiana tadpoles contained Igs that were antigenically identical to each of the Igs in adults of this species. Sera from R. pipiens and R. clamitans frogs and tadpoles contained Igs that cross reacted with the R. catesbeiana high and low molecular weight Igs. PMID- 812344 TI - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the antibody library of sharks. PMID- 812345 TI - Tridacnin, a potent anti-galactan precipitin from the hemolymph of Tridacna maxima (Roding). PMID- 812346 TI - Phylogenetic aspects of hypersensitivity: immediate hypersensitivity reactions in flatfish. PMID- 812347 TI - The discriminatory capacity of phagocytic cells in chiton (Liolophura gaimardi). PMID- 812349 TI - [Analysis of proteins of subretinal fluid from experimental retinal detachment by disc electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 812348 TI - Chemotherapy of Trypanosoma cruzi infections. PMID- 812350 TI - [Reassessment of glycogen distribution in the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 812351 TI - [Mandibular deformities caused by benign tumors]. PMID- 812352 TI - Cardiac manifestations of Fabry's disease. Report of a case with mitral insufficiency and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction. AB - The light and electron microscopic findings in the heart of a patient with Fabry's disease are described. The study revealed that all cardiac tissues, including the conducting tissues and the valves, were involved. The latter finding was of particular interest since the patient was known to have mitral insufficiency. The findings of diffuse ballooning of the mitral valve with localized "overshoot" and massive glycolipid storage in the valve substance suggest that the abnormal storage process was itself responsible for the valvular insufficiency. The widespread involvement of the myocardium and conducting tissues is consistent with the elelctrocardiographic changes indicating infarction, although myocardial necrosis was not observed. The findings in this case suggest that the cardiac manifestations in Fabry's disease can be either primary, that is, directly related to the enzyme deficiency, or secondary, that is, evolving with time as a consequence of the disease. PMID- 812353 TI - Presence of multiple centrioles in a rhesus macaque oocyte matured in vitro. AB - This report demonstrates for the first time the presence of centrioles in a rhesus macaque oocyte which had attained meiotic maturation in culture. The exceptional presence of centrioles in this oocyte was associated with anomalous patterns of chromosomal and spindle organization. PMID- 812354 TI - Control of cost and medical relevance in clinical microbiology. AB - Government and third-party payers are applying increasing effort to control rising medical laboratory costs by restricting laboratory budgets. This threatens quality in clinical microbiology, where lack of automation has hampered increased productivity. A solution was sought by curtailing work on duplicates and specimens of poor quality using empirically derived objective criteria. One to 43% of specimens of various types were of insufficient quality to warrant planting, and 6-95% of isolates obtained in mixed culture were not subject to complete bacteriologic work-up because of evidence of superficial contamination. Combined with other controls this reduced bacteriology laboratory costs by 12%. Simultaneously, preliminary reports of examination of direct smears were provided for most specimens, and telephone reports were rendered when processing was incomplete to allow prompt resubmission of specimens. The impression that the information contributed to more rapid accurate diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease was gained. PMID- 812355 TI - Management of primary cancer of the breast. New considerations. PMID- 812356 TI - The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the breast. AB - Chemotherapy is of significant benefit to patients with advanced breast cancer, as measured by tumor regression and increased survival. Yet these tumor regressions are short-lived, and the patient survival benefit is measured in terms of months. This relative refractoriness is due either to drug resistance or to what is called "kinetic" resistance. Kinetic resistance implies large numbers of cells and long doubling times. Experimentally, surgery combined with chemotherapy offers the best chance of cure of several solid tumors in animals. Several clinical trials in combined surgery and chemotherapy indicating a markedly favorable effect of this approach are in progress. This suggests that, as in the animal systems, kinetic resistance can be overcome by the combined modality approach. The response to endocrine manipulation can be predicted by estrogen receptors. Clinical trials to combine chemotherapy, surgery and hormonal treatment are under way. PMID- 812357 TI - Readmission discount factors in program evaluation. An output value analysis of an adult psychiatry program. AB - The application of output value analysis, a type of benefit/cost analysis, to a psychiatric patient population is reported. A method for discounting the value of the program if a patient was readmitted within a year after discharge was introduced. The application of this discount factor reduces the value produced by the program and thereby reduces both productivity and effectiveness indices. When applied to groups known to differ in readmission rates, such as first admissions and readmissions or voluntary and involuntary admissions, the discount factor can accentuate group differences markedly. When selected diagnostic groups were compared, the discount factor could even reverse the relative standing of the groups. PMID- 812358 TI - The dental manifestations of the Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV). A diagnostic aid. AB - This study describes in detail the enamel defects in a patient in whom the diagnosis of Morquio syndrome (muchopolysaccharidosis IV) has been supported both biochemically and roentgenographically. These defects are an apparently constant feature of the Morquio syndrome, and are therefore important aids to its differential diagnosis. The defects consist of abnormally thin enamel that is rough because of the numerous minute pits on its surface. The thinness of the enamel results in altered shape and discoloration of the teeth and in their being spaced. Apart from these defects, the enamel is histologically normal and is of normal hardness and radiodensity. PMID- 812359 TI - Wernicke encephalopathy following prolonged artificial nutrition. PMID- 812361 TI - Long-term dialysis. PMID- 812360 TI - Characterization of beta-D-galactosidase isolated from I-cell disease liver. AB - The residual beta-D-galactosidase activity (10% of normal) present in an autopsy sample of liver derived from an I-cell patient has been characterized. The pH optima for both I-cell and normal acid 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside activities were 4.35. The adsorption and elution profiles of the I-cell enzyme from Con A-Sepharose were similar to those of normal liver beta-D-galactosidase. Although starch gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of beta-D-galactosidase A and B in I-cell disease liver, the A band was more diffuse and migrated less anodally than the A band from normal liver. The electrophoretic mobilities of both I-cell and normal beta-D-galactosidase A appeared to decrease after treatment with neuraminidase. Kinetic studies of the I-cell and normal level beta D-galactosidase demonstrated similar apparent Km values with respect to the 4 methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside and Gm1 ganglioside, whereas the Vmax values obtained for the I-cell enzyme were 10- to 12-fold lower than those of the normal enzyme for both substrates. PMID- 812362 TI - The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on patients undergoing vaginal operations. I. The effect on morbidity. AB - A prospective, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cephalosporins on morbidity in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Each patient received a five-day course of an active drug or a placebo beginning the night before operation. Microbiological studies, including culture and antibiotic sensitivities, were done on each patient pre- and post-operatively. Of 23 women who received the placebo, 11 (48 percent) were classified as morbid. They had either an operative bed infection or a urinary tract infection. Only a small number of cephalosporin-resistant organisms were involved in these infections. Of the 25 women who received the cephalosporins, none (0 per cent) was classified as morbid. A small increase in the number of cephalosporin-resistant organisms (most notably Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was found postoperatively. Four patients were readmitted with pelvic infections after their original discharge. Microbiological data and a discussion of these infections are presented. PMID- 812364 TI - Effectiveness of prophylactic Rh immunosuppression after transfusion with D positive blood. AB - In a published investigation 42 D-negative men were transfused with single units of D-positive R1r (CDe/cde) blood to mimic the D-incompatible transfusion accidents occasionally seen in young D-negative women. Twenty-two men received no therapy and 20 were treated with Rh immunoglobulin in a calculated dose of 20 mug of anti-Rh per milliliter of infused red cells. The reported incidence of serologic D alloimmunization was 81.8 per cent in control and zero per cent in treated recipients. Posttransfusion 51Cr clearance studies with a challenge with the use of 5 ml. of D-positive cells from the same donor at five months in these identical subjects vary from the results based upon the presence of circulating anti-D active antibody. Exponential immune clearance curves occurred in two control and nine treated recipients. As the first evidence of D alloimmunization is an immune Cr clearance curve followed at some later time by circulating active anti-D antibodies, these data could suggest that Rh immunization actually was 90.9 per cent in untreated control subjects and 45 per cent in treated men. The dose of passive Rh immunoglobulin effective in prophylaxis of transfusion Rh immunization of a D-negative person is still not definitely established, but apparently it is greater than 20 mug of anti-Rh per milliliter of D-positive erythrocytes received. PMID- 812363 TI - Changes in plasma histaminase activity during normal early human pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. AB - A sensitive isotopic assay was employed to follow the changes in plasma histaminase activity during pregnancy in patients who become pregnant following spontaneous and induced ovulation. Values in nonpregnant women ranged from 0.2 to 2.7 pmoles of histamine deaminated per milliliter of plasma per hour. In pregnant women, plasma histaminase activity began to increase 9 to 28 days following the presumed day of ovulation and then rose exponentially with a doubling time of 4 to 5 days. Peak values, 1,500 pmoles per milliliter per hour, were reached during the third trimester of pregnancy. The data suggested that the increase in histaminase activity actually started at about the same time in all patients, although the early rise in enzyme activity was not apparent in women who had high histaminase activity before pregnancy. Plasma histaminase did not rise in patients with spontaneous abortion, blighted ovum with hydatidiform degeneration, or choriocarcinoma. The high levels of chorionic gonadotropin and low levels of histaminase activity seen in patients with trophoblastic neoplasia suggest that these tests may be of value in the diagnosis of trophoblastic neoplasia early in pregnancy. PMID- 812366 TI - 3H2O volume and exchange in uterine cavity of monkeys. AB - A technique was developed to measure water exchange in the endometrical canal (uterine cavity). This type of determination should provide information necessary to understanding intrauterine pharmacokinetics. In the study described, measurements were performed on one cynomologus and four rhesus monkeys. Endometrial fluid in the uterine cavity was replaced with a 3H2O solution of known specific radioactivity (dpm/ml). Radioactivity remaining in the cavity at measured intervals of approximately 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 min following replacement was determined by flushing out the cavity. By extrapolating the 3H2O disappearance curve versus time to t = 0 (zero time), the apparent cavity volume (aVc) was derived. Values for aVc and t 1/2 3H2O were used to calculate endometrial fluid-water turnover rate. Mean values determined in four rhesus monkeys were as follows: aVc, 0.032 ml; t 1/2 H2O, 1.17 min; 24-h H2O turnover, 19.5 ml. In general, this value for H2O turnover was considerably higher than values of endometrial fluid production quantitated by other techniques. Water measurements in human uteri similar to those reported here appear feasible and are anticipated in future work. PMID- 812365 TI - Descartes' law of reciprocal innervation. AB - Reciprocal innervation plays a crucial role in the fine motor control exhibited in body movements and this is especially true for the precise ocular rotations demanded of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. Although Galen, in 157 AD, was knowledgeable in human anatomy and muscle function, it was Descarted, who in 1626 first conceived of model for the nervous system controller, of a muscular mechanism for movement of the extra-ocular plant, and of reciprocal innervation as the linking principle to provide for control of agonist and antagonist muscles. Bell, in 1826, and Sherrington in 1893, clearly demonstrated reciprocal innervation in their experimental animals. Additional qualitative neurophysiological evidence supporting the concept of reciprocal innervation has been provided by clinical case reports, by electromyographic recording from the extraocular muscles, and by monitoring single unit activity in the extraocular motor nuclei. Recently the applicatio of bioengineering concepts, such as time optimal control and quantitative models to elucidate the nature of the neural signals sent by the brain to command eye movements have further emphasized the importance of Descartes' "Law of Reciprocal Innervation." PMID- 812367 TI - A new symdrome of left vocal cord paresis and esophageal diverticulum due to mediastinal fibrosis. AB - The association of left vocal cord paresis with an esophageal diverticulum pointing to the left at the aorto-bronchial level constitutes a syndrome resulting from mediastinal fibrosis in that region. Demonstration of this type of diverticulum in a case of unexplained left cord paresis establishes mediastinal fibrosis as its cause. PMID- 812368 TI - Arteriographic manifestations of abdominal situs inversus. AB - The arteriographic findings are described and the embryology is discussed in a rare case of situs inversus of the abdominal viscera combined with reversed rotation of the bowel. The arteriogram correctly localized the precise site of hemorrhage in this perplexing case, and a complex surgical problem was simplified. PMID- 812369 TI - Immunological properties of antivenins. I. Bivalent Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes vipera antivenin. PMID- 812370 TI - Development of falciparum malaria in a Panamanian subspecies of howler monkey. PMID- 812371 TI - A report of a conference on newer immunologic approaches to schistosomiasis. PMID- 812372 TI - Human infection with Bhanja virus. PMID- 812373 TI - Immunoglobulin studies in strongyloidiasis with special reference to raised serum IgE levels. Preliminary communication. PMID- 812374 TI - Use of arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil either alone or in combination with supervoltage radiation as a treatment for carcinoma of the prostate and bladder. AB - Arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil either alone or in combination with supervoltage radiation achieves a definite objective improvement in patients with estrogen-resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate. This improvement has been documented by a decrease in tumor size, improvement in intravenous pyelograms, and a change in cancer grade from undifferentiated to well differentiated. The quality of life in each case has been good, with 45 per cent of the patients treated in this category currently alive and well. The use of protracted arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil in patients with stage C and D adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has had an even more satisfying outcome. Of those patients treated, 90 per cent are still alive and free of disease from six to sixty-six months. Eight of the patients have survived over two years with an excellent quality of life. A long-term outpatient infusion program is necessary to achieve these good results. It is also difficult and time consuming. In addition to having well trained paramedical personnel constantly available, the patients must live within a reasonable radius of the treatment center so they can be treated almost immediately if problems develop. A fairly large number of patients must be treated in order to develop familiarity with the technics and to maintain a level of proficiency. PMID- 812376 TI - Effects of parenteral alimentation on postoperative gastric function. AB - The effects of parenteral hyperalimentation on postoperative gastric function were studied in eleven patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. Positive nitrogen balance was achieved in hyperalimented patients. Hyperalimentation was found to augment gastric mucosal regeneration, allowing for more physiologic secretory patterns and the maintenance of the protective gastric mucosal mechanism. PMID- 812375 TI - Efficacy of inline bacterial filters in reducing contamination of intravenous nutritional solutions. PMID- 812378 TI - A novel technique for assay of side-chain cleavage of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol in adrenal mitochondrial and submitochondrial preparations. PMID- 812379 TI - The use of glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes for assaying the agglutinating activity of lectins. PMID- 812377 TI - Analytical techniques for cell fractions. XX. Cyclic affinity chromatography: principles and applications. PMID- 812380 TI - Phylo- and -ontogenetically determined local changes in the structure of the arterial wall of vertebrates. Macroscopical findings. AB - It has been shown, by means of comparative anatomical, phylo- and -ontogenetic studies, that the focal structural changes occuring at seven points in the wall of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries of reptiles, birds, and mammals, and in human-beinmnants of certain vessels which have regressed during embryonic development. They are considered to be loci minoris resistentiae and might therefore represent a site of predilection for pathological lesions, such as atherosclerosis. The existence of these "scars" in human-beings and birds has already been described. This paper presents definitive proof of their occurrence in reptiles (sea-turtle and crocodile) and mammals (dog, calf, sheep and monkey). It is therefore concluded that the "scars" in the aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries are of phylogenetic origin. PMID- 812381 TI - Anatomical data on the intracranial venous drainage of the tufted capuchin, Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758. AB - The venous channels responsible for the intracranial drainage were dissected in a series of 25 male and female adult tufted or brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). It was found that Cebus have a venous arrangement fundamentally the same as in man, differing only in that: 1. the monkey has no inferior sagittal sinus, spenoparietal sinus, and emissary parietal and condylar veins; 2. the occipital sinus is not in connection with other sinuses; 3. there are a spenopetrosal sinus, a petrosquamous sinus, and an unpaired inferior cerebellar vein; 4. besides the internal jugular vein, there is additional intracranial drainage through the petrosquamous sinus and the postglenoid vein; 5. the superficial middle cerebral vein opens into the petrosquamous sinus; 6. the lingual and facial veins are not tributaries of the internal jugular vein; 7. there is a bilateral uniform division of the superior sagittal sinus at the confluence of the sinuses to drain equally into both transverse sinuses; 8. the vascular pattern appears to be quite stable; anatomical variations appear to be few and unimportant. PMID- 812383 TI - Letter: Neonatal distribution of succinylcholine. PMID- 812384 TI - Influence of the distance of the proline carbonyl from the beta and gamma carbon on the 13C chemical shifts. PMID- 812382 TI - Case history number 87: vasodilator treatment of heart failure after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 812385 TI - Tetracyclines: chemistry, biochemistry, and structure-activity relations. PMID- 812386 TI - Conversion of 1,2-diols into aldehydes induced by photolysis of alkylcobaloximes: A model system for dioldehydrase. PMID- 812387 TI - Ribose-glucose exchange in purine nucleosides. PMID- 812388 TI - 2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl: a new protecting and chiroptical reporter group for cysteine peptides. PMID- 812389 TI - Biomimetic synthesis of skyrin. PMID- 812390 TI - Nonenzymatic model reaction for the coenzyme B12-catalyzed rearrangement of methylmalonyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA. PMID- 812392 TI - The vocalizations of pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea). AB - The vocalizations from a colony of pygmy marmosets are described along with the context in which each was likely to occur. Three contact--location calls were observed to be similar in physical structure, but each appeared in a different context. The ontogeny of these contact-location calls is presented and demonstrates a greater correlation with stages of parental dependence than with chronological age. Alerting and agonistic vocalizations also are described. Many of the vocalizations show close similarity to those of other species of marmosets. PMID- 812391 TI - Electrophoretic variation of red cell enzyme systems in farm animals. PMID- 812393 TI - Differential posteclosion housing experiences and reproduction in Drosophila. AB - Differential housing following eclosion was found to affect the mating behaviour of both sexes of Drosophila melanogaster. Flies housed in isolation showed higher mating frequencies and shorter latencies than did group-housed flies. Given a choice of an isolated or group-housed male, females tended to mate with males with similar housing experiences as themselves. Given a choice of an isolated or group-housed female, males strongly preferred the former. The possibility is advanced that these effects are mediated by olfactory stimuli. PMID- 812394 TI - [Application of electroimmunodiffusion to the classification of streptococci. Study of 332 strains from hospital origin]. AB - Using a recent technic according to the principes of counter-immuno electrophoresis, the authors corroborate the fact biochemical tests for streptococci are deficient. The work is practised in 332 samples from hospital. PMID- 812395 TI - Letter: The antibiotic or anesthetic question. PMID- 812396 TI - Catastrophic health bill focuses on costly illness. PMID- 812397 TI - Evidence for infection by two distinct strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis: report of 9 cases. AB - The sputum cultures of 26 patients in whom bacteriologic relapse occurred during or after an initial course of treatment with antimicrobial drugs were compared by phage typing with cultures isolated previously from the same patients. Nine (34 per cent) were different in phage type. Whether this indicates exogenous reinfection as the mechanism for the relapse, the presence of two distinct phage types present from the outset, or change in phage type of the original single strain has not been determined. These observations may have implications relating to epidemiology and control of tuberculosis. PMID- 812398 TI - Lifelong follow-up of inactive tuberculosis: its value and limitations. AB - There are 14,552 inactive cases of tuberculosis in British Columbia, representing 0.6 per cent of the population. The prevalence of inactive tuberculosis in 7 times higher among Indians than in the remainder of the population. Among all inactive cases, 60.5 per cent of patients had "good" chemotherapy, whereas 13.2 per cent had poor chemotherapy and 26.3 per cent had no chemotherapy. The risk of reactivation in those who received "good" chemotherapy was 2.2 cases per 1,000 persons per annum, whereas for those with poor and no chemotherapy, the risks were 7.8 and 6.7 cases per 1,000 persons per annum, respectively. One third of a sample of all inactive cases were found not to comply with the existing policy of lifelong annual examinations. Of the remaining two-thirds, one-half attended regularly and one-half, irregularly. All reactivations occurring during the 3 year period between 1971 and 1973 were reviewed. The pattern of attendance of these patients during a 3-year period immediately before the year of reactivation was similar to that of the sample of all inactive cases. Sixty per cent of reactivations occurring among "attenders" were diagnosed at such annual examinations. The bacteriologic status of reactivated disease was reviewed; 78 per cent were culture positive. Of patients who had received previous chemotherapy, 45 per cent had organisms that were resistant to one or more of the 3 primary antituberculous drugs, whereas previously untreated groups showed a much lower figure, 7.8 per cent. On the basis of the findings of this study, recommendations are made in relation to future policy of management of inactive cases of tuberculosis. PMID- 812399 TI - Laboratory services for mycobacterial diseases. AB - The philosophy of the recently proposed "Levels of Laboratory Service" program, which will be so vital to the conduct of a successful outpatient tuberculosis treatment and control program, is presented. The hallmark of this program is the decentralization of the diagnostic/monitoring services as they involve laboratory participation. In the long run this could mean more efficient operation, more reliable reporting, and probably less work for the participating laboratories. The greater emphasis on smear examination (Level I) as a monitoring tool will mean fewer cultures, thereby lessening the load for those laboratories that once went through countless clinically requested exercises of repetitively proving by culture the existence of M. tuberculosis in a given patient. Doubtless, the bulk of the work will be conducted in Level II laboratories; but here, too, identification of the most easily defined pathogen, M. tuberculosis, will minimize the over-all workload for these investigators while decreasing their concern about mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli. Expertise gained in frequent repetitions of a limited number of tests (niacin, nitrate reduction, and pH 7/68 degrees C catalase) will ensure reliable speciation of the clinically most important Mycobacterium. The work of Level III laboratories should eventually be reduced primarily to organisms other than M. tuberculosis, thereby ensuring that a number of highly competent reference institutions will not only attain proficiency in taxonomic aspects of mycobacteria, but will also reflect the regional picture of the changing patterns in mycobacterial pathogens of man. Participation of laboratories in proficiency testing programs will encourage top level performance in all areas. Additionally, such testing programs will serve a teaching role; a laboratory need not feel "locked in" at a given service level, but may increase its proficiency and move up a step in terms of the service it provides. In contrast, no laboratory need feel compelled to increase its activities; if daily workloads limit the extent of their involvement with mycobacteria, these laboratories can be confident that other institutions are providing needed services. The success of the entire "Levels of Laboratory Service" program depends on the recognition by individual laboratories of their own workload limitation, the directed motivation of personnel, and the maintenance of a free and open pipeline of communication to laboratories at the next higher level of service. PMID- 812400 TI - The general and specific humoral immune response to pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - The genus Aspergillus may cause one of several clinical entities in affected patients. Serum specimens from 79 patients, including 41 with aspergilloma, 28 with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 3 with both aspergilloma and the allergic variant, and 7 with invasive or disseminated aspergillosis, were studied for antibodies to aspergillus. The ammonium sulfate test was used with a mycelial component labeled with iodine-125 derived from Aspergillus fumigatus. Complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests using a culture filtrate antigen (aspergillin) from the same species were also performed. Immunoglobulins G, A, and M and complement component C-3 were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Total serum IgE was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum specimens from patients with aspergilloma manifested increased binding to the radio-labeled mycelial component, multiple precipitin bands, and/or increased complement fixation titers to aspergillin. Serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were increased. Patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were characterized by moderately increased binding to the radio-labeled mycelial component, a paucity of precipitating and complement-fixing antibody to aspergillin, and increased total serum IgE. Serum from patients with locally invasive or disseminated aspergillosis had increased concentrations of C-3 and variable binding to the radiolabeled mycelial component, depending on the duration of the disease process. Use of a battery of tests with both mycelial and culture filtrate antigens enhanced detection of circulating aspergillus antibody. PMID- 812401 TI - Changes in lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins in myeloma and the effect of an RNA containing plasma factor. AB - Patients with multiple myeloma have a reduced number of B lymphocytes with normal surface immunoglobulin. When, however, anti-idiotypic antiserums to the respective myeloma globulins were used for the visualization of surface immunoglobulin by indirect immunofluorescence, a large number of surface immunoglobulin carrying lymphocytes were detected. The possibility of absorption of these monoclonal surface immunoglobulins from the surrounding plasma was excluded by showing their resynthesis after removal from the cells by trypsinization. The change in the character of surface immunoglobulin was reproduced on normal lymphocytes with an RNA-rich extract from the plasma of patients with myeloma; this effect was inhibited by RNase and cycloheximide. These findings suggest the possibility that an RNA-containing plasma factor transmits information for synthesis of surface immunoglobulins between myeloma cells and normal lymphocytes. This mechanism may contribute to the dysfunction of B lymphocytes in patients with myeloma, leading to immunologic deficiency. PMID- 812402 TI - Hypopituitarism after external irradiation. Evidence for both hypothalamic and pituitary origin. AB - Endocrine complications after radiotherapy for tumors of the head and neck are thought to be relatively rare. The availability of synthetic hypothalamic hormones for clinical investigations and the radioimmunoassay of hormones have enabled us to study function of the hypothalamic pituitary axis in 15 patients who had radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer. Fourteen had evidence of endocrine deficiency. Twelve patients had evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction, 7 developed primary pituitary hormone deficiencies, and 3 developed primary hypothyroidism. These results indicate that [1] secondary hypopituitarism due to a hypothalamic lesion after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer may be more common than suspected in the past; [2] primary hypopituitarism after irradiation of extracranial tumors can occur; and [3[ primary hypothyroidism may result from irradiation of regional neck nodes. PMID- 812403 TI - Editorial: Pathogenesis and frequency of essential fatty acid deficiency during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 812404 TI - Failure to correct the metabolic defect by renal allotransplantion in Fabry's disease. AB - Plasma neutral glycolipid levels and plasma and leukocyte alpha-galactosidase activities were measured serially before and after renal allotransplantation in two men, aged 47 and 45 years, with renal failure due to Fabry's disease. The patients were followed posttransplantation for 92 and 64 weeks, respectively. No significant elevation of plasma or leukocyte alpha-galactosidase activities above levels in untreated men with Fabry's disease or decrease in the levels of trihexosyl ceramide was observed in either patient. The results do not support the use of renal allotransplantation for enzyme replacement in Fabry's disease. PMID- 812405 TI - Letter: Propranolol and digoxin for angina pectoris. PMID- 812407 TI - Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes in slaughter animals and bats of Togo (West Africa). AB - Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the intestinal lymph nodes of 8 out of 342 apparently healthy slaughter animals at the municipal abattoir in Lome (Togo) and from the faeces of 3 out of 236 bats. Except two strains of serovar 4b isolated from bats, all the nine others belonged to serovar 1/2a. The positive findings of slaughter animals were made from the carcasses of 2 pigs, 5 little ruminants and 1 cattle. The findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge on the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in some species of animals and its implications for the human being. PMID- 812406 TI - ["Pseudomonas aeruginosa" beta-lactamases and sensitivity to carbenicillin (author's transl)]. AB - This report discusses the differences in enzymes of two populations of P. aeruginosa, one sensitive and the other resistant to carbenicillin, which were strains isolated from four patients with chronic urinary infections. These sensitive and resistant strains biosynthetize only one beta-lactamase which appears to be a cephalosporinase of the class Id of Richmond and Sykes (1973). In the four cases the bacterial resistance to carbenicillin does not involve a new beta-lactamase and is due to other factors. PMID- 812408 TI - Ascorbate oxidase and related copper proteins. PMID- 812409 TI - Metabolism of ascorbic acid and ascorbic-2-sulfate in man and the subhuman primate. AB - Man does not catabolize ascorbate to CO2, whereas the monkey does catabolize ascorbate and ascorbate sulfate to CO2 when these compounds are given orally. However, it takes the same length of time to produce frank scurvy in both man and the monkey, thus indicating that the comparative storage, rate of use, and mode of metabolism of ascorbate is similar in both species. Preliminary feeding and isotope studies conducted on monkeys are in agreement with the fact that only a small amount of labeled ascorbate or ascorbate sulfate equilibrated with body stores. These results are in agreement with published ascorbic acid requirements of 10 mg/kg body weight. In our experiments, 250 mg/day had to be fed to a 10-kg monkey to completely clear all signs of scurvy and return blood ascorbate levels to normal. Ascorbic acid administered intravenously to monkeys appears to equilibrate completely with the ascorbate pool(s). Ascorbate sulfate was found to be a urinary metabolite of both ascorbic-1-14C acid and ascorbic-6-14C acid fed orally to monkeys. PMID- 812410 TI - L-leucine sensitive alkaline phosphatase isozyme from cancer tissue. PMID- 812411 TI - Heterogeneity of carcinoembryonic antigen. I. Concanavalin A-reactive and nonreactive CEA. AB - The use of Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography for preparation of CEA from two metastatic liver tumors resulted in a separation of two species of CEA. One is concanavalin A-reactive CEA (CEA-M): the other is Con A-nonreactive CEA (CEA P). Both CEA-M and CEA-P were glycoproteins and have identical antigenicity. However, 4 samples of CEA-M and CEA-P subfractions differed in their protein:carbohydrate ratios. The yield of CEA-M was greater than that of CEA-P. In electrophoresis, both CEA-M and CEA-P migrated at the region of beta-globulin of human blood serum. The isoelectric points of 4 samples of CEA-M and CEA-P subfractions from two different tumor sources differed from each other. In these preparations CEA-M usually showed a larger value of isoelectric point than CEA-P. Ultracentrifugal analysis of these four preparations revealed only a single peak, except CEA-P in case 1. Antigenic activity of CEA-M was almost completely destroyed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase treatment but only partly digestion with pronase. A possibility was suggested that N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal(s) is essential for the antigenic determinant groups of CEA molecule. PMID- 812412 TI - Immunopathological studies on CEA and CEA-associated antigens with reevaluation of the cancer specificities of CEA. PMID- 812413 TI - Second primary cancer after irradiation of laryngeal cancer. AB - Thirty (5.6%) of 535 patients followed 5-25 years after treatment of cordal carcinoma (T1A,B) developed a second primary laryngeal carcinoma. When analyzed by treatment modality, 3.9% of operated cases and 9% of irradiated cases formed new laryngeal or laryngopharyngeal malignancies. An explanation by radiation induced carcinogenesis for this statistically significant difference between the two groups is discussed. It is also suggested that supervoltage radiation directed to the laryngeal mucosa may produce the diminished latent period observed between the appearance of the second primary carcinoma. PMID- 812414 TI - Observations on the primate hyoepiglottic complex. AB - In the species presented, the orifice to the subhyoid air sac is found at the tuberculum (when the epiglottis attaches at the level of the ventricle); here also is noted the presence of a cartilaginous island(s) just anterior to the duct. When seen in coronal section along the axis of the duct, the glandular elements cluster around the sac in the anterior supraglottic subhyoid wedge, in preference to the area around the ventricles. PMID- 812415 TI - Fulminant liver failure: clinical and experimental study. AB - Clinical experience of some newer methods of hepatic support is described. The results are unpredictable and far from satisfactory. The need for an animal model in which potential therapeutic methods can be studied is emphasized. Such a model based on carefully imposed ischaemic insult to the liver in the absence of portacaval shunting is described. It is suggested that bacterial presence in the bowel together with a depression of the liver reticuloendothelial function plays an important part in the early and rapid mortality of acute liver failure. Temporary auxiliary liver transplantation using an allograft or a closely related primate heterograft seem to be the 2 best available methods of hepatic support for potentially reversible acute liver failure. PMID- 812416 TI - [The value of the myotomy for the management of a cervical esophageal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 812417 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in skeletal dysplasias. AB - Certain skeletal dysplasias represent excellent examples of genetic heterogeneity. Clinical recognition of their individual characteristics is a fundamental prerequisite for an understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms and for the identification of their basic molecular defects. PMID- 812419 TI - Ultrastructure of the synovial membrane. AB - The normal synovial membrane as seen by electron microscopy is bordered by one to three layers of lining cells that include some with phagocytic function, others rich in endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis and additional cells with mixed properties. Lining cells with prominent Golgi apparatus probably produce the synovial hyaluronic acid. The synovial matrix contains collagen and mucopolysaccharide. It offers little barrier to diffusion of most materials. Superficial capillaries and venules are fenestrated and presumably allow rapid exchange of fluid and electrolytes. Deeper venules have thick endothelium that can separate at intracellular junctions and can phagocytize circulating particles. Other identified synovial structures are fibrocytes, macrophages, lymphatics, mast cells, non-myelinated nerves and fat. PMID- 812418 TI - The lipidoses: morphologic changes in the nervous system in Gaucher's disease, GM2 gangliosidoses and Niemann-Pick disease. AB - The present paper presents, in tabular form, most of the inborn errors of lipid metabolism (exclusive of the hyperlipoproteinemias); some may, with further studies, be removed from this category. Three of the lipidoses and their subtypes which are associated with severe neurologic disorders are discussed, i.e., infantile Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease and the GM2 gangliosidoses. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of careful biochemical and enzymatic studies of either surgical or autopsy material of any patient suspected of having one of the lipidoses. Only by such studies can an exact diagnosis of virtually all of these inborn errors of lipid metabolism be established. Such a diagnosis is important, since in many instances an antenatal diagnosis is possible by demonstration of the enzymatic defect in cell grown in tissue culture from the amniotic fluid. PMID- 812420 TI - Changing attitudes create health care dilemma. PMID- 812421 TI - Health planning, gift or grief? PMID- 812422 TI - Comparison of methods for extraction of bacterial adenine nucleotides determined by firefly assay. AB - Adenine nucleotides in Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were extracted using 10 different methods. Extracts were assayed for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) by the firefly method using an improved procedure. Analytical interference by bacterial enzymes not inactivated during the extraction was found to be a major problem. However, these enzymes were inactivated to a considerable extent by the inclusion of ethylenediaminetetraacetate in the extraction reagent. The 10 extraction methods were compared with respect to yield of adenine nucleotides, interference with the enzymic assay, reproducibility of the method, and stability of the extracts. Results indicated that extraction with trichloroacetic acid was the method most closely reflecting actual levels of ATP, ADP and AMP in intact bacterial cells. However, for the extraction of ATP in some bacterial strains several other methods may be used and may be advantageous from a practical point of view. PMID- 812423 TI - Seasonal occurrence and distribution of microbial indicators and pathogens in the Rhode River of Chesapeake Bay. AB - The seasonal incidence and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens were studied at four sites in the Rhode River, a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay. The highest frequency of occurrence of total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci was in Muddy Creek, a marsh area receiving pasture land runoff. Second highest frequency of occurrence of these bacteria was in Cadle Creek, a populated area. Lowest measurements of these parameters were obtained at stations in the central portion of the Rhode River. No Salmonella spp. were detected by the methods employed in this study. However, it is concluded that if these organisms are present, the concentrations are less than or equal to 1 organism per liter. The presence of Clostridium botulinum was detected in 12% of the samples tested. PMID- 812424 TI - Effect of some inhibitors derived from nitrite on marcomolecular synthesis in Bacillus cereus. AB - The effect of several inhibitors derived from nitrite on incorporation of [14C]uracil into ribonucleic acid of Bacillus cereus during outgrowth and vegetative growth has been determined. A heat-induced inhibitor presumably of the Perigo type was compared with the nitrosothiols of thioglycolate and beta mercaptoethanol. All were found to effectively inhibit uracil incorporation at all stages tested. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed that inhibition of morphological events occurred either before germination or during early outgrowth, depending on inhibitor concentration. It was also found that a precursor to the heat-induced inhibitor could be isolated from dialyzable tryptone (a pancreatic digest of casein), which chromatographed as a single species on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and Sephadex G-25, with an apparent molecular weight of about 2,000. PMID- 812425 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the interaction of Ca2+ with mitochondria. PMID- 812427 TI - Proceedings: Serum uracil + uridine levels in normal subjects. PMID- 812426 TI - Lupus-scleroderma syndrome induced by ethosuximide. AB - Features of both systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma developed in a young Chinese girl while on multiple anticonvulsant therapy. These were reversed after withdrawal of the drugs. Readministration of ethosuximide for control of epilepsy caused a relapse with predominant sclerodermatous features. These clinical signs again resolved after ethosuximide withdrawal. PMID- 812428 TI - Cells with positive Dopa--reaction in the infiltrate of basal cell epithelioma (bce). AB - Histological sections of basal cell epithelioma (bce) reveal 4 groups of Dopa positive cells: 1. epidermal melanocytes; 2. cells within a thin subepidermal layer; 3. cells in the dense cellular infiltrate of the corium 4. cells within tumour tissue. In general the cells of groups 2 and 3 are mastocytes. The total number of Dopa-positive cells, especially those of group 3, is increased in the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes. PMID- 812429 TI - Tritiated methylmercury in the brain of squirrel monkeys. AB - Tritiated methylmercuty hydroxide (MeHgOH) with a specific activity of 306 curies/mol was synthesized by a Grignard reagent from tritiated methyl iodide with a yield of 70%. Tritiated MeHg was given to squirrel monkeys by stomach tube in weekly doses of 0.8 mg/kg. The animals were killed after one dose or six doses. The distribution of the substance in the brain was then studied by microautoradiography and by fractionation of brain tissue into cellular and subcellular fractions. Part of the MeHg in the brain is in a water-soluble form. Methylmercuty was found autoradiographically mainly in the neuropile of the cortex. At subtoxic doses (one dose), more protein-bound radioactivity was found in the glial fraction than in the neuronal fraction. At toxic dose (six doses), the protein-bound fraction of MeHg increased significantly (P less than .02) in the neurons relative to nontoxic dose (one dose). Methylmercury was demonstrated autoradiographically in damaged neurons but not in undamaged neurons. PMID- 812432 TI - [Simple radiographic observation of the primary changes of the skull in neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 812430 TI - Effects of carbon monoxide inhalation on ventricular fibrillation. AB - Since, in a previous study, inhalation of carbon monoxide resulted in demonstrable electrocardiographic effects on the myocardium, it was of interest to determine the effects of reduced hemoglobin oxygen content following carbon monoxide inhalation on the vulnerability of the heart to fibrillation. Normal monkeys and monkeys subjected to myocardial infarction were exposed to 100 ppm (115 mg/cu m) carbon monoxide for six hours, and the vulnerability of the heart to induced fibrillation was evaluated. The mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration attained was 9.3%. The voltage required to induce fibrillation was highest for normal, air-breathing animals and lowest for infarcted animals inhaling carbon monoxide. Infarction alone and carbon monoxide alone each required significantly less voltage for fibrillation, and when the two were combined, the effects were additive. PMID- 812431 TI - Long-term antioxidant exposure effects on female primates. AB - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were incorporated in the diet of adult rhesus female monkeys at a level that ensured a daily intake of 100 mg/kg of body weight (50 mg of BHA and 50 mg of BHT) for two years. Following the initial year of exposure, during which the monkeys experienced no clinical abnormalities attributable to the antioxidants, they were bred to rhesus males that had received unmodified diets. Their gestation was free of complications and normal infants were delivered naturally. Growth rate, hemograms, and behavior of these infants were similar to those of control infants. The infants and adults were evaluated for two years following the antoxidant exposure. During this period, the adult females continued to have normal infants and the infants born during the exposure period remained heatlhy. PMID- 812433 TI - [F. de Gaudart d'Allaines]. PMID- 812434 TI - [Human cardiac transplantation. Apropos of a case followed for more than 6 years]. AB - A cardiac transplantation was performed on November 28, 1968. This was the only one undertaken at Marseilles. After a survival period, now exceeding 6 years, the patient has had an almost normal activity. The course of this patient, the follow up elements, the incidents and complications during this period were analysed. It was insisted upon the interest of following up the coagulation tests for the preclinical detection of rejection or menacing rejection. Practically uninterrupted heparin treatment during the 6 years might have been an element for this prolonged survival. PMID- 812435 TI - [Criteria of detection and treatment of rejection crises following human cardiac transplantation in a series of 10 cases]. AB - Analysis of a series of 10 cardiac transplantations confirmed that the reject phenomena have a paroxysmal course, the diagnosis of which is different according to the time occurence of the reject crises, whether early (acute early rejection) or late (late acute rejection or chronic rejection). Because of the early diagnosis based on the follow-up of the electrocardiogram, of coagulation, of the graft flow, overcome eight rejection crises on the 3 patients with middle-term survival. PMID- 812436 TI - [Unruptured aneurysms of Valsalva sinus of septal origin]. AB - Aneurysms of Valvsalva sinus unruptured into a cavity, but developing into the membranous and even muscular interventricular septum are exceptional. Two cases illustrating this fact are reported. In one of them, a massive mitral incompetence by elongated chordae tendinae related to the presence of a voluminous intra-septal pouch. Atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances were present in both patients. The interest of supra-valvar angiography which makes it possible to advise operation before the eventual rupture is underlined. PMID- 812437 TI - [Surgical treatment of a single ventricle. Apropos of 4 operated cases]. AB - A surgical operation with a "curative" aim has been performed on four patients with a lone ventricle. It consisted of a IA type in 3 cases and IC type in one. There were one operative death and three long-term survivals. The operation consisted essentially in: a delicate step of partition of the lone cavity and the treatment of the often combined, and sometimes complex, heart malformation. The trauma to the conduction pathways is one of the major dangers of this type of operation and should be avoided or decreased by the detection during operation of the His bundle. Operation should be indicated in badly tolerated forms. Stenosis of the infundibulo-pulmonary pathway interferes with the development of a hypertensive pulmonary arteriolitis, seems to be a favourable element for surgical correction. In the absence of such stenosis, one should perform a banding early enough or discuss the indication for an intracardiac operation in relation with the pulmonary artery resistance. PMID- 812438 TI - [Alterations of auriculoventricular valves in single ventricles and similar abnormalities]. AB - The morphologic changes of the atrio-ventricular valve in 30 cases of lone ventricle or similar anomalies have been: 1. Common atrio-ventricular valve (8 cases); 2. Abnormally small left atrio-ventricular valve (15 cases) 3. Parachute like left atrio-ventricular valve (5 cases); 4. Atresia of one of the atrio ventricular valves (2 cases); 5. Atrio-ventricular valves corresponding to a tricuspid valve which were bicuspid (6 cases); 6. Accessory valvular orifices (5 cases); 7. Valvular clefts (3 cases); 8. Insufficient valvular tissue (4 cases); 9. Accessory valvular tissue (7 cases); 10. Anomalies of orientation of the anterior in relation with the posterior mitral valve leaflet (7 cases); 11. Peculiar orientation of the valve in relation with the outflow tract, resulting in a "functional overlap" (1 case); 12. Muscle column on the posterior wall of the main ventricular chamber (18 cases); 13. Papillary muscle distribution alterations (29 cases). The embryologic, diagnostic and surgical signification of all these anomalies were considered. PMID- 812439 TI - [Electrophysiological study of 2 cases of ventricular pre-excitation compatible with the presence of Mahaim's fibers]. AB - Report of two cases of ventricular pre-excitation in which the presence of Mahaim's fibres was suggested by the electro-physiological studies. In both cases, the short-circuit of the His bundle was responsible for the abnormally short HV interval. In a patient, atrial acceleration induced an increase of rh at first, related to an A-V delay without HV variation. For a cycle of 360 ms, HV lengthened suddenly from 15 to 40 ms while QRS changed configuration, which is in favour of a functional exclusion of an accessory pathway. Combination with the pre-excitation of a left bundle-branch block complicated, in this case, the problems of identification. The other case responded also to cardiac pacing by an increase of the A-V delay due mainly to intra-nodal conduction slowing. In the same time HV increases from 20 to 30 ms (for a cycle change from 480 to 315 ms) and the delta wave decreased progressively. For a higher rate there was a 2:1 A-V block proximal to H. The extrastimulus method produced initially the same results. On the contrary, when the coupling-interval decreased to 290 ms, HV increased suddenly from 25 to 45 ms, with disappearance of the pre-excitation pattern. At a still shorter interval, HV shortened again (25 ms) in parallel with a marked lengthening of the A-V nodal conduction times, thus revealing a "gap" phenomenon of the accessory pathway. PMID- 812440 TI - [Transient left posterior hemiblock in acute ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - Report of seven cases of intermittent left posterior hemiblock in subjects with acute ischaemic heart disease. The electrocardiograms of all the patients (together with the coronary arteriography in three cases) have shown the presence of two different areas of ischaemia: the anterior wall and the diaphragmatic wall of the left ventricle. In three patients acute coronary ischaemia was present in both areas; in the other cases one myocardial wall only was involved. PMID- 812441 TI - [Changes of systolic time in dystrophia myotonica]. AB - The left ventricular ejection time was studied by the external phonomechanocardiographic method on 17 patients affected by myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease), including 9 men and 8 women; aged from 25 to 68 years, with an average course for the neurological disease of 18.7 years. The case studied were those which demonstrated no signs of cardiac failure or of any disease liable to involve the heart. The results were compared on the one hand with the normal figures according to Blumberger, to Holldack and to Nazzi, Ricco and Meda, and on the other hand with the theoretical values computed, according to the regression equations of Weissler, Harris and Schoenfeld. The changes of systolic time intervals mechanical systole of the left ventricle. There was a narrow relationship between the length of the course of the neurological disease and the incidence of heart involvement, which seemed to be constant. PMID- 812442 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency. Incidence in the results of surgical valvular replacement]. AB - Out of 400 files of patients who underwent valvar correction between 1968 and 1974 under extra corporeal circulation by the thoracic route through median sternotomy 180 were kept for this study. All these 180 patients had a complete functional spirometric examination before operation, analysed in correlation with their valve disease. 39 of them had severe ventilatory insufficiency. Nevertheless the post-operative period was usually simple, and respiratory insufficiency was responsible for one death only of this series. These data were confirmed by the study of 45 autopsied patients who died after operation. At distance from operation, 80 patients were studied, 25 of whom had severe ventilatory insufficiency. In more than half the cases, and particularly in the mitral ones, the ventilatory deficiency was improved. Thus it is concluded that, respiratory insufficiency is rarely a contra-indication to valve replacement surgery in habitual conditions of the median sternotomy as a thoracic route. PMID- 812443 TI - [Phentolamine in treatment of acute left ventricular insufficiancies]. AB - Phentolamine (Regitine) at the dose of 0.3 mg/mn behaves as an arterial and, above all venous, vasodilatator agent, resulting in a marked and early lowering of the pulmonary pressures in acute oedema of the lung and in cardiac asthma. It was used alone in 47 attacks of acute severe left ventricular failure with very favourable results in 43 cases, as proved by the rapid improvement of the haemodynamic status and of the aicd-base balance. Under strict observation, tolerance has been excellent. This therapeutic method seems of great interest in the cases of acute pulmonary oedema with a maintained blood pressure level, and in the forms with severe arterial hypertension which might tolerate larger doses. PMID- 812444 TI - [Recurrent ventricular tachycardia due to hydatic cyst of the heart. Recovery after surgical resection. Report of one case]. AB - Report of the case-history of a 66 year-old woman in whom the diagnosis of ventricular aneurysm was reached in 1958 during a systematic X-ray examination, while the electrocardiogram suggested a lateral-wall infarction with no anginal pain. After fifteen years of a practically asymptomatic course there were practically uninterrupted attacks of ventricular tachycardia. Coronary angiography and left ventriculography excluded the hypothesis of an aneurysm and suggested the diagnosis to cystic tumour of the left ventricle. A voluminous hydatic cyst was removed surgically. Ventricular arrhythmia did not recur since. PMID- 812445 TI - Energy conservation in Bacillus megaterium. AB - 1. The respiratory chain energy conservation systems of Bacillus megaterium strains D440 and M have been investigated following growth in batch and continuous culture. Respiratory membranes from these strains contained cytochromes b, aa3, o and b, c, a, o, respecitvely; both readily oxidised NADH but neither showed any pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase activity. 2. Whole cells of both strains exhibited endogenous leads to H+/O ratios of approximately 4; when loaded with specific substrates the resultant leads to H+/O ratios indicated that proton translocating loops 1 and 2 were present in strain D440 and that loops 2 and 3 were present in strain M. 3. In situ respiratory activities were measured as a function of dilution rate during growth in continuous culture. True molar growth yields with respect to oxygen (Y02) of approximately 50 g cells mole oxygen-1 were obtained for most of the nutrient limitations employed. Average values for YATP of 12.7 and 10.8 g cells-mole ATP equivalent-1 were subsequently calculated for strains D440 and M respectively. 4. Energy requirements for maintenance purposes were low in energy-limited cultures but were substantially increased when growth was limited by nitrogen source (NH+/4). Under the latter conditions there is probably a partial uncoupling of energy conserving and energy-utilising processes leading to energy wastage. PMID- 812446 TI - A consideration of Euglena gracilis W3BUL as a cytoplasmic control for the wild type phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase system. AB - The studies described indicate that the UV bleached mutant, Euglena gracilis W3BUL does not serve as a suitable cytoplasmic control for the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase system. Chromatography of wild-type E. gracilis on Sephadex G100 revealed three peaks of activity identified as the chloroplastic, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes. The chloroplastic activity was greater in log than in stationary phase cells and was the only activity recovered from purified chloroplasts. Cell-free extracts of the achloroplstic mutant, E. gracilis W3BUL, contained wild-type levels of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases. However, no chloroplastic synthetase was detected in the mutant extracts. Anomalies in the aminoacylation behavior of the W3BUL system were observed which suggest the possibility of a mutation affecting non-chloroplastic tRNAs in this UV-induced mutant. These anomalies significantly reduce the ability of the E. gracilis W3BUL mutant to serve as a cytoplasmic control in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase system. PMID- 812447 TI - [Comparative studies with various anticoagulant stabilizer combinations for the preservation of blood specimen in leukosis diagnosis. 1. Studies on storage life of dry-preserved blood vials for the hematologic diagnosis of leukosis]. AB - Four anticoagulants in current use were compared in blood samples used to prepare dried specimens. The most suitable was a mixture of one part of heparin solution (5000 IU strength) and four parts of distilled water. Blood samples treated in this way must be process at the laboratory within 16 hours. Specimens dried in tubes could be stored for a long time, and this was the best way of dealing with samples from individual or export cattle. PMID- 812448 TI - [Comparative studies with various anticoagulant stabilizer combinations for the preservation of blood specimen in leukosis diagnosis. II. Testing the application possibilities of new anticoagulant stabilizer combinations for the hematologic diagnonsis of leukosis]. AB - The anticoagulant Chelaplex III in aqueous solution with two new stabilizers (methenamine and tannin) was tested for the preservation of blood samples, together with another combination composed of oxalic acid and methenamine solution. The eventual aim was to test their suitability for use with blood specimens dried in the tube, but this was not done in the present experiments. It was shown that a combination of 5% oxalic acid with 36% methenamine was at least as good as the conventional Chelaplex III-formaldehyde combination for inhibiting coagulation, and it was relatively cheap. PMID- 812449 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine on the vertical chamber syndrome in rhesus monkeys. AB - In an attempt at social rehabilitation, chlorporomazine was given to three groups of rhesus monkeys that had been confined to the vertical chambers apparatus early in their development. Previous studies have shown that such periods of deprivation produce severe deficits in social behavior. There were no substantial beneficial effects of chlorpromazine treatment; however, there was a notable amount of spontaneous improvement seen in all three groups. We discuss these data in terms of their implications for the use of the vertical chamber as a tool in experimental research of psychopathological disorder. PMID- 812452 TI - [On the composition of fatty acids in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of dimethyl- and diethylaminoazobenzene (author's transl)]. AB - The composition of bulk fatty acids in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of the carcinogenic dimethylaminoazobenzene and the non carcinogenic diethylaminoazobenzene was examined. In the presence of dimethylaminoazobenzene cultivated algae showed parallel to morphological changes distinct deviations in the composition of their fatty acids compared with the control. This especially concerns the unsaturated C18-fatty acids as the C16:0-, C16:2- and C16:3-acids respectively. By treatment of algae with diethylaminoazobenzene no morphological variations were observed and only little changes in composition of their fatty acids was demonstrated. PMID- 812450 TI - Echolalic speech in childhood autism. Consideration of possible underlying loci of brain damage. AB - The speech of echolalic autistic children is (1) specifically lacking in appropriate use of expressive-intonational features, but (2) the echolalic child's clear articulation of words and phrases indicates that discrimination of phonemic features is intact. The impairment in aphasic disorders is just the reverse. Failure to attend to auditory stimuli and the characteristic language disorder are among the most consistent findings in autistic children; they could be related. Discrimination of differential stress emphasis is the way the normal young child extracts major morphemic word stems and syntactic features from environmental speech; this may be a primitive perceptual function of brain stem auditory centers. The brain stem auditory system is especially vulnerable to perinatal injury. Damage to this system is an example of the kind of lesion that might lead to behavioral handicaps without neurological signs. PMID- 812451 TI - [Malignant melanoma--a PO-cell tumor? (author's transl)]. AB - In the connective tissue, diffusely scattered phenoloxidase containing cells (PO cells) can be found by histochemical methods. The same cells were demonstrated in a recurrent malignant melanoma of the skin and in its lymph node metastases. The theory is proposed that PO-cells are the stem cells of malignant melanoma in contrary to the common view that melanoma derives from the melanocytes of the stratum cyclindricum of the epidermis. The occurrence and distribution of PO cells in the rat give a good explanation for the appearance of metastasis within different organs and tissues. PMID- 812453 TI - Ultrastructure research of the endocardial endothelium of monkeys. AB - The surface structure of the endocardial endothelium of normal monkeys (Macaca fuscata and M. irus) was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The endocardium was covered by a layer of endothelial cells, each of which was recognized by the presence of nuclear bulge and marginal folds. The free cell surface was covered by a number of microvilli. The size of the endothelial cell and its surface morphology varied considerably in the different portions of the heart. The endothelial cells were packed more densely along the free margin of the valves especially at the noduli valvularum semilunarum. The microvilli over the cell surface were denser and longer on the ventricular side of the mitral valve and on the aortic valve, where the marginal folds were not "folds" but were formed by an array of numerous microvillous projections. These cytoplasmic projections had a topographical correlation with micro- and macro pinocytotic vesicles, thus suggesting their role in the interaction with circulating biologically active substances. PMID- 812454 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice after treatment with cyclophosphamide. AB - This study attempted to determine if the antineoplastic alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), altered the host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. The effect of cyclophosphamide was evaluated by an increased mortality or enhanced bacterial growth in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. The mice that were treated with either single or multiple doses of 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide showed no increase in mortality, nor did they exhibit an enhanced localization of P aeruginosa in any of the organs studied. Higher dose levels of cyclophosphamide produced a statistically significant increase in mortality and greater distribution of bacteria in the mouse organs, but there appeared to be no organ that was particularly susceptible to infection. PMID- 812455 TI - Massive small bowel resection in a neonate. Four-year follow-up. AB - All but 17 cm of small intestine was removed in the neonatal period from a child now aged 4 years. Satisfactory growth was achieved by 2 years of age without prolonged intravenous hyper-alimentation. On return to his home environment progress was not maintained, and by 4 years of age, mental and physical retardation were found. Cholestyramine resin was beneficial in reducing stool bulk but had no substantial effect on fat absorption. Compensatory changes in the remaining bowel are recorded. PMID- 812456 TI - Malnutrition in cardiac surgical patients. Results of a prospective, randomized evaluation of early postoperative parenteral nutrition. AB - A randomized evaluation of 44 malnourished patients, wherein 24 were used as controls and 20 received immediate postoperative parenteral hyperalimentation, indicated that five days of nutritional therapy had no notable effect on the morbidity and mortality experienced by the malnourished patients, in comparison to a third, nonmalnourished group of similar patients. Although central venous nutrition was safely administered without complications immediately after cardiac operations, clinical efficacy of this therapy could not be demonstrated. The inability to establish a dose-response relationship, and hence administer the "optimum" amount of nutrients, may have accounted for the negative results reported. Although preoperative malnutrition is associated with a poorer result after cardiac surgery, postoperative repletion of nutrients appears to be ineffective in reversing this relationship. PMID- 812457 TI - Distribution of 2,2(1),4,4(1),5,5(1)-hexachlorobiphenyl in mice and Chinese hamsters: dose dependent accumulation in the mouse bronchial mucosa. AB - The distribution of 2,2(1),4,4(1),5,5(1)-hexachlorobiphenyl-14C was studied in mice and Chinese Hamsters using whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. The mice exhibited a strong and persistent accumulation of radioactivity in the bronchial mucosa, and this accumulation was not fully developed until about 24 hours after an intravenous injection. The labelled substance passed to the fetuses of pregnant mice and was also concentrated in the fetal bronchi. Mice pretreated with a large dose of unlabelled PCB per os in peanut oil showed a completely different distribution pattern in the lungs--only traces of label being taken up by the bronchi. Quantitative measurements revealed a concomitant reduction of the total radioactivity retained by the lungs. Except for the lungs, however, no major differences in the distribution pattern were found at the various dose levels. The distribution in the Chinese hamsters equaled approximately that of the mice, but a very weak accumulation of label was observed in the hamster bronchi. The radioactivity in the mouse bronchi was considered as perhaps representing metabolized PCB. PMID- 812458 TI - Radiology case of the month. Case No. 4. Hutch diverticulum complicated by a post operative pelvic hematoma. PMID- 812460 TI - [Spirochetes on the mucous membrane of the intestine]. AB - Recently, it has been discovered that the mucosa of the large intestine and that of the appendix in man and in monkeys not infrequently is covered densely with spirochetes penetrated therein. These observations were confirmed by the material studied by the authors (specimens of the mucosa of the sigmoid flexture of 45 people, the specimens being obtained by means of aspiration biopsy, and the intestines of five monkeys). It was also established that spirochetes may also densely penetrate, covering almost entirely, into the inner surface of the large intestine, as if substituting by themselves for mircovilli of the epithelial cells. Such parasitism, however, does not produce any local reaction, and apparently, inflicts no special harm. PMID- 812461 TI - [Electrocardiographic signs of apical lesions in Chagas' heart disease]. PMID- 812459 TI - [Successes of experimental oncology and problems of the study of the morphogenesis of tumors]. AB - The present survey deals with requirements the experimental-oncological models used in morphogenetic investigations should meet. Data on ways of inducing tumours of various organs the most suited for such investigations are presented. The available at present literature comprises data on different variants of morphogenesis of tumours; in a number of cases malignant neoplasms can develop against the background of an unchanged structure without previous alterations. Because of a contradictory character of the literature reports on morphogenesis of tumours, further investigations into the morphodynamics of the process of cancerogenesis are needed; at present, this may be successfully implemented if adequate models of the majority of tumour diseases in man are available. These studies are of importance for better understanding of pathogenesis or tumour growth and for ascertaining the concept of precancer changes. PMID- 812462 TI - [Tissue reaction to pacemaker implant and its electrodes]. PMID- 812463 TI - [Extra cardiac sound caused by implanted pacemaker]. PMID- 812464 TI - Asthma drug therapy. 2. PMID- 812465 TI - The prevalence of sarcosporidiosis in Australian meat animals. AB - The prevalence of Sarcocystis infectious in Tasmanian sheep, cattle and pigs was assessed during February 1974. Serological results indicated that over 90% of sheep and cattle were infected. Macroscopic sarcocysts were found in 0.6% of lambs, 8.8% of 2- to 6-tooth (1 to 4 years old) sheep and 66% of full-mouth (4 years and older) sheep. The minimum prevalence in pigs, as determined by microscopic examination of muscle tissues, was 1.4% for animals less than 12 months old and 16.7% for animals older than 12 months. Abattoir figures, supplied by the Australian Department of Agriculture, showed that in 1972/73 the condemnation rate of sheep for sarcosporidiosis was 6 times greater in Tasmania than in New South Wales, Victoria or South Australia. The percentage of condemned carcases was lowest in Western Australia and Queensland. PMID- 812466 TI - Immunoglobulin class specificity of non-agglutinating antibody produced in cattle following Brucella abortus 45/20 vaccination. AB - The immunoglobulin class specificity of non-agglutinating antibody produced following vaccination with Br. abortus 45/20 vaccine was determined using the antiglobulin test. In previously unvaccinated cattle it was found that most of the non-agglutinating antibody was associated with the IgG1 immunoglobulin class. In cattle sensitised to Brucella antigens by prior vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 the majority of antibody was also associated with the IgG1 immunoglobulin class, but a significant amount of IgG2 antibody was also present. The results indicate that the significance of levels of IgG2 antibody would be difficult to determine in cattle repeatedly exposed to Brucella antigens. PMID- 812467 TI - Surveys of Australian feedstuffs for toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and for aflaxtoxin. AB - Because of the high prevalence of toxigenic A. flavus in commercial feed sources it is suggested that there is a danger of aflatoxin contamination if conditions are conducive to fungal growth. Under climatic conditions such as those experienced in the unusually wet summer of 1973-74 in many parts of Australia or where storage conditions are unsuitable, growth of A. flavus and elaboration of aflatoxin can be expected on a range of feed commodities from a wide geographical distribution. The results demonstrate the actual and potential danger of aflatoxin contamination in Australia feedstuffs. From these feed samples fungal species predominantly from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were also isolated, some of which are known to produce mycotoxins other than aflatoxin. The possibility of contamination of feeds by other mycotoxins cannot therefore be excluded. PMID- 812468 TI - Reduced death rate. PMID- 812469 TI - Quantitative observation of behavior in free-ranging Macaca mulatta: methodology and aggression. PMID- 812471 TI - [Experimental argon-laser trabeculo-puncture in rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 812470 TI - [Macula in animal species]. PMID- 812472 TI - [Light absorption of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 812473 TI - [Ruby-laser examinations of threshold values on the retina]. PMID- 812474 TI - [Clinical and histological studies following argon-laser effect on the retina. - Histo-pathological evaluation of laser injuries for the assessment of a functional injury threshold for lasers]. PMID- 812476 TI - [Traumatic macular involvement]. PMID- 812477 TI - [IV. List of disinfectants. 1. Supplement. Tested following the "Rules for Testing of Disinfectants" and found effective by the Deutsche Gesellschaft for Hygiene and Microbiology (situation as of Jan 16, 1975)]. PMID- 812475 TI - [Unilateral corneal lipoiddystrophy of unknown etiology]. PMID- 812478 TI - [Life cycle of sarcosporidia. VI. Studies on species differentiation of Sarcocystis fusiformis and Sarcocystis tenella]. PMID- 812479 TI - [Usefulness of the agar gel precipitation test for the diagnosis of Brucella canis infections in Beagles]. PMID- 812480 TI - Comparative immunochemical studies of primate hemoglobins. AB - The antigenic properties of a number of chromatographically purified primate hemoglobins were compared to those of normal human hemoglobin using a sensitive radioimmunochemical procedure. The degree of inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction with heterologous hemoglobins appeared to be related to the structural similarity of these proteins to the normal human hemoglobin immunogen. With the exception of the baboon hemoglobin, the antigenicity of the hemoglobins paralleled the phylogeny of the primates. The gorilla and chimpanzee hemoglobins were antigenically identical to normal human hemoglobin, whereas the gibbon and orangutan hemoglobins were substantially more variable. Of the Old World monkey hemoglobins examined, the baboon produced lower inhibition values, suggesting a greater degree of structural dissimilarity than other Cercopithecoidea hemoglobins, which is compatible with a greater rate of evolutionary change occurring in this protein. Using the known amino acid sequences of human and other primate hemoglobins, we have attempted to identify antigenic determinant areas of the proteins. PMID- 812481 TI - Evidence for one immunoglobulin light-chain type in chickens: absence of a blocked N-terminal light-chain type. PMID- 812482 TI - Presence of two forms of fumarase (fumarate hydratase E.C. 4.2.1.2) in mammalian cells: immunological characterization and genetic analysis in somatic cell hybrids. Confirmation of the assignment of a gene necessary for the enzyme expression to human chromosome 1. AB - Two major forms of fumarate hydratase have been resolved in extracts prepared from a wide variety of mammalian cells by electrophoresis. Fractionation experiments with human and mouse cells suggest that one form (the slower migrating) is localized in the mitochondria, whereas the other form is predominant in the cytoplasm. Analysis of the segregation of the enzyme forms in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids indicates that a gene(s) necessary for the expression of both forms can be assigned to human chromosome 1(confirmation of a previous assignment by van Someren et al., 1974). Electrophoretic analysis suggests that the two forms may be interrelated. Furthermore, they both exhibit identical reactivity toward anti-fumarate hydratase antiserum. It is suggested that a modification of one form may occur in vivo and that the modification may be important in determining the intracellular localization of the enzyme. PMID- 812483 TI - Rapidly labeled proteins on the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Experiments on short-term and pulse-chase labeling of chromosome proteins of the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster show unique patterns of label in the vicinity of chromosome puffs. A high turnover rate is indicated for these nonhistone proteins, which appear to form a fibrous sheath around the chromosomes. Acrylamide gel analyses of the chromosomal proteins that are quickly labeled, comparing compositions at different stages of development with compositions after heat shock, show that all are different and dependent on which chromosomal puffs are active and producing messenger RNA. The necessity for a continuous and rapid interchange of protein between the nucleus and cytoplasm is indicated, and it appears that regulation of gene activity must be related to this dynamic state of protein exchange. From the technical standpoint, it has been found that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is especially useful for observing silver grains on opaque autoradiographs. It appears also that SEM will prove useful in a variety of studies of chromosome structure. PMID- 812484 TI - Transport defects as the physiological basis for eye color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Kynurenine-H3 transport and conversion to 3-hydroxykynurenine were studied in organ culture using the Malpighian tubules and developing eyes from wild type and the eye color mutants w, st, ltd, ca, and cn of Drosophila melanogaster. Malpighian tubules from wild type have the ability to concentrate kynurenine and convert it to 3-hydroxykynurenine. The tubules from w, st, ltd, and ca are deficient in the ability to transport kynurenine, as are the eyes of the mutants w, st, and ltd. This defect in kynurenine transport provides a physiological explanation for the phenotypic properties of the mutants. The relationship of these measurements to previous observations on these eye color mutants is discussed and the transport defect hypothesis is consistently supported. We have concluded that several of the eye color mutants in Drosophila are transport mutants. PMID- 812486 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isozymes in American ponies and riding horses: a new polymorphic high-activity type isozyme. AB - A study of the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases of 219 American ponies and 76 riding horses has revealed the presence of five variants of the low-activity CA B isozyme and two variants of the high-activity CA C isozyme. The previously undetected variant of CA C was found only in the pony population and had an allele frequency of 8.9%. A family study of animals possessing the CA B variant A2 showed an unexpected high frequency of inheritance. PMID- 812485 TI - Residual activity of alpha-galactosidase A in Fabry's disease. AB - The alpha-galactosidase A activity from fibroblasts of five Fabry patients and five controls has been separated from alpha-galactosidase B through small DEAE cellulose columns and in some experiments by treatment of the fibroblast extracts with Sepharose coupled to anti-alpha-galactosidase B antibodies. By these independent methods, it has been shown that there is a residual alpha galactosidase A in Fabry's disease, which is immunologically similar to the alpha galactosidase A from the controls. The alpha-galactosidase A from all of the patients and controls has the same apparent Km value for the synthetic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-galactosidase A, while the fifth has a thermolabile enzyme like that from the controls. The amount of immunologically active alpha galactosidase A seems to be decreased in the patients tested. PMID- 812487 TI - Genetic aspects of quantitative variation in the carbonic anhydrases of the pig tailed macaque, Macaca nemestrina. I. Response to thyroxine. AB - Effects of thyroxine on incorporation of L-serine-C14 into four carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CA II, CA Ia, CA Ib, CA Ic) and hemoglobin were quantified in reticulocytes of Macaca nemestrian in vitro. Response to thyroxine differed significantly between CA Ia and two allelic variants (CA Ib and CA Ic) and the nonallelic isozyme (CA II). The effects of thyroxine on serine incorporation into hemoglobin and three of the carbonic anhydrase isozymes were shown to be nonlinear with thyroxine concentration. PMID- 812488 TI - Plasma-membrane-associated immunoglobulins and other polypeptides of pig mesenteric node lymphocytes. AB - Plasma membranes from pig mesenteric lymph-node lymphocytes contain a large number of polypeptide chains ranging in molecular weight from 20,000 to greater than 470,000, with a major component of 46,000. There are approx. 12-15 glycoproteins. The membranes contain immunoglobulin G, which comprises 0.6% of the total protein. Immunoglobulin M is also detected, but has not been accurately quantified for technical reasons. Possible origins of the membrane-associated immunoglobulin are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the immunoglobulin is probably associated with the plasma membrane in the intact cell. PMID- 812489 TI - Prokaryote-eukaryote relationship and the amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from Anabaena variabilis. AB - The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from the prokaryotic blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis was determined. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 105 residues. The amino acid sequence of the plastocyanin was compared with that of the eukaryotic green alga Chlorella fusca and with those of higher plant plastocyanins. The considerable similarity between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic plastocyanins is discussed. Detailed evidence for the sequence of the protein has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50051 (13 pages) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem J. (1975) 145, 5. PMID- 812490 TI - The isolation of an o-diphenal oxidase from third-instar larvae of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. AB - 1. The isolation of an o-diphenol oxidase from an acetone-dried powder of late third-instar larvae of Calliphora erythrocephala was investigated. An insoluble and micro-crystalline fraction containing the enzyme activity was obtained after fractionating extracts of the acetone-dried powder with (NH4)2SO4 and acetone. 2. This fraction can be solubilized in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate without loss of activity. 3. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate shows that the o-diphenol oxidase is a minor component of the extracts from the acetone-dried powder. 4. The o-diphenol oxidase was purified by zonal centrifugation on a sucrose density gradient in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 5. The amino acid composition of the purified enzyme resembles that of some other o-diphenol oxidases. 6. The subunit composition of the o-diphenol oxidase is discussed. PMID- 812491 TI - Human alpha1-acid glycoprotein: purification from urine proteins and immunological estimation of its serum concentration. PMID- 812492 TI - Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of Bacillus peptidoglycan synthesis: a new site of inhibition. PMID- 812493 TI - Further characterization of the mRNA coding for immunoglobulin light-chain. PMID- 812494 TI - Absence of preferential reassociation between heavy and light chains of two human immunoglobulins from common cellular origin. PMID- 812495 TI - Selective inhibition of sporulation of Bacillus subtilis by netropsin. PMID- 812496 TI - The initial organic products of fixation of 13N-labeled nitrogen gas by the blue green alga Anabaena cylindrica. PMID- 812497 TI - Stimulation of insulin release by calcium. PMID- 812499 TI - Thymidylate synthetase catalyzed dehalogenation of 5-bromo-and 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridylate. PMID- 812500 TI - The conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to sepiapterin by an enzyme system from Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 812498 TI - Studies on two isozymes of aconitase from Bacillus cereus T. I. Partial purification and stability. PMID- 812501 TI - Cationic dependency of high affinity prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors in bovine corpus luteum cell membranes. PMID- 812502 TI - Protein synthesis elongation factor 1 from rat liver: a zinc metalloenzyme. PMID- 812503 TI - Effect of hypolipidemic drugs, nafenopin and clofibrate, on the concentration of ligandin and Z protein in rat liver. PMID- 812504 TI - Monovalent concanavalin A. PMID- 812505 TI - Suprofen (R 25 061), a new potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 812506 TI - Platelet aggregation induced by anaphylatoxin and its inhibition. AB - Anaphylatoxin (AT), a splitting product of the fifth component of the complement system can be prepared by incubation of rat plasma with low-molecular weight dextran (MW 2000) at 37 degrees C, or by treatment with cobra venom factor. Using the turbidimetric method of Born the effect of AT was studied on platelets from man, dog, rabbit, cat, guinea pig, and rat. AT was found to induce aggregation only in platelet rich plasma from cat and guinea pig. This aggregation could be reduced by several known inhibitors of aggregation and platelet function, such as phentolamine, tosylarginine-methylester (TAMe), p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) whereas adenosine, methysergide bimaleinate, and mepyramine-maleate proved to be ineffective. Experiments with PCMB and TAMe suggest a release reaction induced by AT. Further more, there is evidence that with platelets from guinea pigs AT produces some tachyphylactic state. PMID- 812507 TI - [The local effect of a silver chelate on standardized scald wounds of the rat]. AB - In rat experiments a new silver chelate salt preparation is tested on scald wounds after standardized infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 30% of the animals survive scalding and infection after treatment with the new cream. This percentage does not reach the gentamycin treated reference group (60%). After combining gentamycin and silver chelate salt in local therapy 75% of the animals survive. Combination of silver chelate salt and gentamycin seems to be a very successful local therapy of scald wounds. PMID- 812508 TI - The effect of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on a rabbit model of athero-arteriosclerosis. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of various doses of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) in an experimental rabbit model of athero-arteriosclerosis designed by Hass et al. (Amer. J. Pathol., 49 (1966) 739). This model, which involves the feeding of a hypercholesterolemic diet in conjunction with the administration of moderately high doses of vitamin D and nicotine, results in an extensive arterial disease with complicated lesions. EHDP was administered daily by subcutaneous injection at levels of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg body weight beginning with the initiation of the atherogenic regimen. Results of chemical and histopathological analyses after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment indicate the following: (1) There was a dose-related inhibition of arterial calcification at 8 weeks. At 12 weeks, only the 2.5 mg/kg dose of EHDP resulted in reduced calcification. (2) EHDP administration appeared to influence arterial lipid-containing plaque formation in medium sized arteries at 12 weeks. There was no apparent effect of EHDP administration on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (3) EHDP, at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day, inhibited the vitamin D induced hypercalcemia. (4) EHDP administration at 2.5 mg/kg/day almost totally inhibited the thromboarteritis accompanying this disease. (5) The data thus indicate that if arterial calcification is inhibited, the other morphological effects of this treatment regime are also inhibited. This effect occurred even though serum lipid levels were unaffected. The data therefore emphasize the role of calcification in the pathogenesis of this type of experimental atherosclerosis and perhaps in human disease as well. PMID- 812509 TI - Repair of early cholesterol-induced aortic lesions in rabbits after withdrawal from short-term atherogenic diet. Scanning electron-microscopical (SEM) and transmission electron-microscopical (TEM) observations. AB - Signs of repair of early atherosclerotic lesions after withdrawal of rabbits from a short-term atherogenic diet have been observed by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The endothelial lining was lacking over large portions of the plaques during early atherogenesis. During the regression phase, hematic cholesterol values returned to normal, the smooth muscle cells of the plaques lost a large part of the lipids they had accumulated, while the surface of the plaques was covered by a continuous layer of endothelial cells. PMID- 812536 TI - [Determination of serum acid alpha 1 glycoprotein by means of 2 immunological comparison between normal values and results]. AB - In 227 healthy subjects, serum concentrations of acid-alpha-glicoprotein were measured by two different immunologic methods: electroimmunodiffusion by Laurell's technique and single radial immunodiffusion. The results obtained using the two methods were compared and the range of normal refeprence values was determined. PMID- 812537 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of bovine papulous stomatitis virus replicated in cell cultures]. AB - Ultramicroscopic structure of a strain (Mn-73) of BPSV grown on calf kidney primary cultures was investigated. Beside young and mature virions, virus particles with intermediate structural characteristics are described. Size of mature particles on electron microscopic photographs resulted of 270-280 X 140 150 nm, that is a little smaller in comparison with Nagington's et al. (1962) and Buttner's et al. (1964) estimations. Such discrepancy seems to arise from technical artifacts. PMID- 812539 TI - [Behavior of serum IGE in human hydatidosis]. AB - The quantitative assay of serum IgE was performed in 34 patients with active hepatic and extrahepatic hydatidosis, in 10 subjects with previous hydatidosis, who underwent surgery during the preceding 8 years, without clinical signs of relapse, and in 15 normal bloods donors. To this purpose a new type of plate from the market was employed, which, adopting radial immunodiffusion, allows determining quantitatively the IgE serum values at the upper normal limits (800 I.U./ml) besides higher levels. IgE serum concentrations, higher than 800 I.U./ml, were detected in 33 (97.06%) out of the 34 patients with active hydatidosis, in 5 (50%) out of the 10 subjects with previous hydatidosis, in 4 (26.67%) out of the 15 normal subjects. The statistical analysis of the results showed the significance of the comparison between the IgE values observed among the group of the patients with active hydatidosis and those, respectively, of the subjects with previous hydatidosis (p less than 0.05) and of the normal subjects (p less than 0.001). The results obtained are discussed in the light of the most recent knowledge on the role played by IgE in the complex immune mechanism of parasitic diseases. PMID- 812538 TI - [Immune complexes DNA-anti-DNA during the course of mixed cryoglobulinemia]. AB - Plasma and isolated cryoglobulins from ten patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia were studied for the presence of DNA using the diphenylamine reagent test. DNA like material was detected in all the plasmas tested and it was also present in nine of the isolated cryoglobulins. IgM and IgG components of three cryoglobulins were purified by gel-filtration: anti-DNA activity was detected in IgG fraction (two cases), in IgM and IgG (one case); antigammaglobulin activity was always found in IgM fraction. PMID- 812540 TI - [Studies on the absorption, distribution and excretion of a new non-steroid anti inflammatory agent: etoclofene]. PMID- 812541 TI - [In vitro absorption of dihydroergotoxin methansulfonate (DHET) in simple and delayed-action form]. PMID- 812542 TI - The mobility of horizontally pinned teeth in monkeys and of endosseous blade implants. PMID- 812543 TI - Studies on a smooth phage resistant variant of Brucella abortus II. Mechanism of phage resistance. AB - The properties of a smooth phage resistant variant of Brucella abortus were studied in an attempt to determine the mechanism of phage resistance. This strain was fully capable of adsorbing phage but penetration, and hence replication, did not occur. No evidence of lysogeny or a phage carrier state could be obtained and gross chemical differences between the resistant strain and its phage susceptible parent were not detected. The phage resistant variant showed increased resistance to lysis from without, either by phage or by lysozyme, in the presence of chelating agents. It was concluded that resistance was the result of a modification in cell wall structure conferring resistance to lysozyme-like enzymes, thus preventing penetration of phage. PMID- 812545 TI - The growth of some mycobacteria on cultured human tissues. AB - M. ulcerans grows in close association with the surface of cultured human foetal and adult tissue and produces necrosis. M. tuberculosis grows also but M. xenopi grows little or not at all. The two first named seem to stick well to the tissue surface and the last does not. These results are discussed in relationship to the pathogenesis of Buruli ulcer. PMID- 812544 TI - Protective properties and haemagglutinins in serum from humans and in serum from mice injected with a new polyvalent Pseudomonas vaccine. AB - Mice given single injections of a polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine produced anti pseudomonas haemagglutinins against the 16 component immunogens of the multivalent vaccine. Mice passively immunized with sera from vaccinated mice were protected against lethal challenge by 8/10 strains of Ps. aeruginosa of homologous serotype. Protection by the serum was inversely proportional to the virulence of the challenge strains. Anti-pseudomonas haemagglutinins were always present in sera which passively protected mice against pseudomonas infection. Low levels of anti-pseudomonas haemagglutinins were present in some sera which failed to passively immunize mice against pseudomonas infection. Anti-pseudomonas haemagglutinins and antibodies involved in passive protection were mainly in the IgM fractions of mouse serum. Control human sera contained anti-pseudomonas haemagglutinins against most serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa. Sera from patients with burns contained high levels of anti-pseudomonas haemagglutinins against some but not all serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa. Sera from both controls and patients with burns passively protected mice against pseudomonas infection. PMID- 812546 TI - Histopathology of ruby and argon laser lesions in monkey and human retina. A comparative study. AB - Suprathreshold fundus lesions produced by ruby and argon laser photocoagulation were studied within 24 hours by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that damage was maximal in the outer retina in all ruby laser lesions and extramacular argon laser lesions. In both monkey and human, inner retinal damage occurred independently of outer retinal damage in macular lesions produced by the argon laser. In lesions produced by equal energy, inner retinal damage was more severe in humans than in monkeys. In both species outer retinal damage was less severe in the foveal than the parafoveal region and this disparity was greater in humans than in monkeys. These findings are important to the therapeutic use of argon laser energy for mascular disease. In particular, absortion of energy in the inner retina reduces the energy available in the treatment of subretinal lesions in the foveal area, and causes unwanted neuroretinal damage. The higher sensitivity to argon laser irradiation of the human fovea compared with the monkey fovea, has not been appreciated when defining laser safety limits. PMID- 812547 TI - Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature. AB - The various in vivo studies on posterior ciliary arteries and choroidal vasculature reported piecemeal by the author over the past few years have now been collated. A coherent picture of the vasculature emerges which is of considerable clinical significance. The observations show that the posterior ciliary arteries and their branches right down to the terminal choroidal arterioles, the choriocapillaris, and the vortex veins have a segmental distribution in the choroid, and that the posterior ciliary arteries and choroidal arteries function as end-arteries. No special mascular artery supplying the submacular choroid has been found. The posterior ciliary arteries have only supply the choroid but are also the main source of blood supply to the anterior part of the optic nerve, and have an important role in the blood supply of the retina. The clinical significance of this segmental distribution of the uveal vasculature is discussed. PMID- 812548 TI - Eyes in arhinencephalic syndromes. AB - The ocular features of eight cases of arhinencephaly have been described. Prediction of the degree of brain involvement from the eye defects could not be made, but eye abnormalities were present in all cases. The relationship of these syndromes to chromosomal abnormalities is emphasized. In the less severe cases treatable endocrine dysgenesis must be excluded. PMID- 812550 TI - Endonuclease II of Escherichia coli: DNA reacted with 7-bromomethyl-12 methylbenz[alpha]anthracene as a substrate. AB - An endonuclease II preparation from Escherichia coli makes single strand breaks in DNA which has been treated with the carcinogen 7-bromomethyl-12 methylbenz[alpha]anthracene. In addition, the enzyme preparation excises N6-(12 methylbenz[alpha]anthracenyl-7-methyl)adenine and N2-(12 methylbenz[alpha]anthracenyl-7-methyl)guanine residues from the DNA. These are relased as the modified purine bases, not as purine nucleoside derivatives. The rate of release of the adenine derivative is three to four times that of the guanine derivative. PMID- 812549 TI - Effects of fast neutrons on the eye. A preliminary communication. PMID- 812551 TI - Effect of bile salts on lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activities in human brain, liver and cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - The effect of bile salts on the hydrolysis of lactosylcermide by human beta galactosidases in vitro was studied using cultured skin fibroblasts, liver and brain tissue. The evidence for two distinct enzymes that can catalyze the hydrolysis of lactosylceramide was observed when the bile salt was changed from pure sodium taurocholate to either crude taurocholate, or pure glycodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate or taurochenodeoxycholate. Tissues from patients with Krabbe's disease were found to be deficient in lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity (lactosylceramidase I) when pure taurocholate was used in the assay. When crude taurocholate was used in the assay, the Krabbe patients appeared to have normal activity for this enzyme. In place of crude taurocholate the pure salts of glycodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate worked even better to stimulate the second lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity and GM1 gangliosidosis patients exhibiting little if any activity. Therefore, lactosylcermidase I is stimulated by crude taurocholate or pure glycodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate. The use of pure bile salts to assay lactosylceramidase I and II will result in better reproducibility for these enzyme activities between laboratories. PMID- 812552 TI - On the positional specificity of the oxygenation reaction catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase-1. AB - Lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans is incubated with an isomer of linoleic acid, 13 cis, 16-cis-octadecadienoic acid. Analysis of the oxygenation products indicates that molecular oxygen is stereospecifically introduced mainly at C-17 (n-2) of the fatty acid (in the LS-configuration), and only to a minor extent at C-13 (n 6). These findings contradict previous suggestions about the postional specificity of lipoxygenase-1. PMID- 812553 TI - Apparent thermal destabilization of Escherichia coli nucleoprotein due to the incomplete dialysis of EDTA. AB - Escherichia coli nucleoprotein has been found to undergo thermal denaturation approx. 5 degrees C lower than purified E. coli DNA, measured in 0.25 mM sodium EDTA, pH 8.0 (Searcy, D.G. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 395, 535-547). This is now shown to be an artifact due to the impermeability of dialysis membranes to sodium EDTA, especially at low concentrations such as 1 mM or less. Thermal denaturation data can be corrected by measuring the electrical conductivity of the solutions. When this is done, the nucleoprotein and DNA both denature at the same temperature. PMID- 812554 TI - [Morphogenetic loss of shape stability in biological constructions]. AB - The stress-deformation regularities are taken as basic pattern formation factors in biological macrosystems. Mechanical stresses occuring in the growing biological objects give rise to large deformations involving the loss of shape stability with the morphogenetical complication (fold production). Both theory and experiment show that the smaller is construction rigidity of macrosystem (Acetabularia mediterranea and Drosophila melanogaster) the larger is the number of the embryonal folds. PMID- 812555 TI - Human serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: purification, molecular weight, presence of sugars and kinetic properties. AB - 1) Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase has been purified from human serum. Ammonium sulphate fractionation was used as the first step, the enzyme being precipated between 30 and 50 percent saturation. For the second step, the enzyme was adsorbed onto, and then eluted from a column of Concanavalin A covalently bound to Sepharose 4B. In the third step the enzyme was further purified by passage through two successive columns of Sephadex G-200. The final step, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gave a preparation of the enzyme with a specific activity of 36 mumoles of octopamine formed/30 min per mg of enzyme, representing a purification from the starting serum of 3,000 fold. 200 mug of enzyme could be obtained from 200 ml of serum. 2) The enzyme preparation was found to be pure or, at most, only slightly contaminated (depending on the starting serum) as judged by the criterion of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3) No cross-reaction could be observed between the human serum enzyme and rabbit antibody against bovine adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. 4) The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 250,000, i.e. less than the bovine adrenal enzyme. 5) Kinetic properties of the enzyme were studied. The mechanism of action of the enzyme was found to be similar to that of the bovine adrenal enzyme. Real kinetic parameters for both tyramine and ascorbate were calculated and found to be the same as those described for the bovine adrenal enzyme. 6) Interaction with Concanavalin A strongly suggests that the serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase is a glycoprotein. PMID- 812556 TI - [Isolation and purification of alpha-lactalbumin, the component of lactosesynthetase]. PMID- 812557 TI - [Enzymatic properties of neuraminidase from corynebacterium diptherial]. AB - Enzymatic properties of neuraminidase isolated from non-toxigenic strain C7 of diphteritic bacteria are studied. The enzyme has the pH optimum 5.5--6.0 in acetate buffer and the temperature optimum 38 degrees C. Neuraminidase has the highest substrate affinity to glycoproteins of equine blood serum, the lowest affinity--to 3-N-acetylneuraminosyllactose and ovomucin. The Km values was 4.3 10(-4) at optimal conditions under the hydrolysis of 3-N acetylneuraminosyllactose, Vm was 0.05+/-0.02 muM NANA/hour/mg of protein. The following esters of N-glyconoyl-glycine were shown to be competitive inhibitors of neuraminidase: 1) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-arabinooctonic acid; 2) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-glucoheptodecanic acid; 3) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-galactonic acid; 4) methyl ester of 3-aza-4-oxo-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-gluconic acid, Ki values being 6.5-10(-4), 4.5-10( 4); 9.5-10(-4) and 7.1-(10-3) M, respectively. PMID- 812558 TI - [Changes in RNA synthesis at early stages of aminoazocancerogenesis]. AB - A single injection of the carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'MDAB) or its non-carcinogen analogue 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (2-MDAB) 300 mg/1000 g body weight led to the increase in the RNA-synthetic capacity of liver cell nuclei in vitro. No differences were found in the ribonuclease activity; in the template activity of DNA and DNP with E. coli RNA-polymerase, and in the melting temperature of DNA and DNP in the presence of 3'MDAB and in the control. The apparent value or Km of the RNA synthesis reaction are equal both for the control animals and those treated with 3'MDAB, but Vmax is lower in the control. It is suggested that the increase of RNA synthetic capacity of the nuclei of rat liver cells, found in vitro at early stages of the carcinogen (3'MDAB) action, should be regarded as the manifestation of its toxic effect and is proposed to be due to the increase of the concentration of RNA-polymerase which is capable to catalyse the RNA synthesis in nuclei. PMID- 812559 TI - [Formation of breaks in the DNA of the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, under the action of x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 812560 TI - Reduction of epileptic seizures through EEG biofeedback training. AB - Biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) was carried out in three male and three female adolescent epileptics and in two normal controls. The patients represented a cross-section of epilepsies including grand mal, myoclonic, afocal and psychomotor types. Three of the cases were mentally retarded. 12-14 Hz (SMR) activity was detected by a combination of sharp analog filtering and digital processing. The patients were provided with feedback whenever they produced 0.5 sec of 12-14 Hz activity of a specified amplitude. Additional feedback was provided for epileptiform activity slow waves or movement. Furthermore, feedback for SMR production was inhibited by digital logic circuitry when movement, slow waves or spikes were present. Seizure reduction was obtained in five of the six epileptics. Several patients showed increased percentage of SMR when feedback was provided and varying degrees of normalization in their EEG as demonstrated by fast Fourier, crossed power spectral density and coherence analyses. PMID- 812561 TI - The temporal relationship between the preovulatory estrogen peak and the optimal mating period in rhesus and bonnet monkeys. PMID- 812562 TI - Evolution of mitosis in protozoa: the association of chromosomes, nuclear envelope, kinetochores and microtubules. PMID- 812563 TI - Mitosis and early meiosis in Tetrahymena pyriformis and the evolution of mitosis in the phylum Ciliophora. AB - The micronuclear mitotic spindle of Tetrahymena pyriformis contains several distinctive elements. The 150 or so continuous microtubules (MTs) form a peripheral sheath just inside the inner nuclear membrane while the kinetochore bundles traverse the center of the nucleoplasm. A new set of microtubules, the separation spindle, appears during the 10-fold nuclear elongation which occurs during the late anaphase. Both the separation spindle and peripheral sheath MTs are present in the macronucleus during macronuclear division but there are no definite kinetochore MTs. In the cresent stage of meiotic prophase both peripheral sheath and kinetochore MTs are present in the micronucleus. By using our own, and other workers', data in conjunction with the phylogenetic scheme for the ciliates which has been designed by Corliss (1974, 1975), we have attempted to trace out the evolutionary history of the various elements of the ciliate mitotic spindle. For example, the micronuclear separation spindle can be followed, from its point of origin within the primitive gymnostomes, throughout the phylum. The separation spindle of the macronucleus, by contrast, is lost at the level of the heterotrichs. Similarly, the anaphase breakdown and reconstitution of the nuclear envelope, which occurs in the primitive Loxodes magnus, can be followed up some phyletic branches, such as the heterotrichs, but in the suctorians and some other groups this feature seems to have been lost. Tracing the evolution of the ciliate mitotic spindle is made very difficult both by the incompleteness of the data and by what appear to be a number of cases of secondary reduction and parallel evolution. In general, however, the evolution of mitosis correlates well with the phylogeny of the ciliates constructed by Corliss and we consider this an independent substantiation of the general correctness of his phylogeny. PMID- 812564 TI - Nuclear characteristics and phylogeny in the protistan phylum Ciliophora. AB - Ciliates possess a number of nuclear characteristics which, in combination, are unique among the Protista. Nevertheless, attempts to understand the origin - presumably from a flagellate ancestry - of the Ciliophora as a phylum must be made, as well as efforts to elucidate phylogenetic pathways within the large and diverse assemblage represented by its present-day forms. The macronucleus may provide an important clue to early ciliate phylogeny, since we still have, among extant species, groups of distinct "karyological relicts" exhibiting the very features expected in hypothetical forms corresponding to postulated stages in macronuclear origin and evolution. The relationship of the groups of "relict" species to the predominant polyploid-macronucleate forms, with a direct impact on the classification system as well as ciliate evolution and phylogeny in general, is discussed in some detail. Arguments are presented for taxonomic separation of the relatively primitive homokaryotic and diploid-macronucleate forms, which also share other features in common related to their being members of the interstitial fauna, from the more advanced ciliates. The problem is complicated by the non nuclear structural complexities of these sand-dwelling forms, apparently secondarily-derived specializations which, by convergence, have come to resemble certain non-homologous features of the allegedly more highly evolved groups. PMID- 812565 TI - Different gene mutations in variants of GM1- and GM2- gangliosidosis demonstrated by enzyme analysis of (single) somatic hybrid cells. PMID- 812566 TI - Alpha-galactosidase in man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 812567 TI - Linkage group I: multipoint mapping. PMID- 812568 TI - Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz diseases: complementation of hexosaminidase A deficiency by somatic cell hybridization. PMID- 812570 TI - Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases: an hypothesis about the primary lesion based on hexosaminidase patterns in interspecific hybrids. PMID- 812569 TI - Linkage relationships of 1qh to Amy, Fy, PGM1, and Rh. PMID- 812571 TI - Rheopexy of denatured bacterial DNA solutions. PMID- 812572 TI - The binding of human and bovine thrombin to human platelets. AB - Human thrombin binds to specific receptors on the surface of human platelets in a manner analogous to bovine thrombin. Thus, two classes of binding are observed- high affinity with a dissociation constant (Kdiss) of 0.02 U/ml and low affinity with a Kdiss of 5 U/ml. Bovine and human thrombin bind to the same platelet receptors, although bovine thrombin binds with slightly greater affinity. When the amount of thrombin bound to platelets is related to the extent of 14C serotonin release, bovine and human thrombin are equally effective. Antibodies to human and bovine thrombin were found to differ markedly in their ability to precipitate thrombin of the two species. Thus, antibovine thrombin precipitated eightfold more bovine thrombin than human thrombin, while antihuman thrombin precipitated tenfold more human thrombin than bovine thrombin. Similar differences were found in the ability of Fab fragments of these antibodies to block the interaction of thrombin of each species with human platelets. The finding that both species of thrombin, despite significant evolutionary differences in primary structure, retain essentially identical binding sites to platelets suggests that this part of the thrombin molecule is physiologically important and supports our hypothesis of a role for thrombin binding to platelets in platelet function and hemostasis. PMID- 812573 TI - Platelet retention in glass bead columns: adhesion to glass and subsequent platelet-platelet interactions. AB - In normal heparinized blood, the retention of platelets in glass bead columns was low in the first 1 or 2 ml, increasing to more than 80% by the 4th or 5th ml. Prior flushing of the columns with platelet-poor plasma or saline lowered retention in all 5 ml. Additional studies were carried out with a two-stage procedure in which a sample of blood (A) was pumped through a column, immediately flushed out with saline or plasma, and followed by a second blood sample (B). When as little as 1 ml of blood A preceded the flushing solution, retention was very high in all 5 ml of the subsequent blood B. This enhancement of retention in B occurred, providing blood A contained platelets (other than thrombasthenic), fibrinogen, and adequate divalent cations. Enhancement did not require von Willebrand factor (vWF) in A, nor was ADP necessary, since enhancement occurred even when heparinized blood as A contained prostaglendin E1 (PGE1) or creatine phosphokinase with creatine phosphate (CPK-CP). However, the presence of PGE1 or CPK-CP in the plasma used to flush the columns prevented the enhancement of retention in the first milliliter of B. Retention in the first milliliter of B (following normal blood as A and saline or normal plasma for flushing) was high when B was afibrinogenemic, moderately high when B contained PGE1 or CPK-CP, and low in thrombasthenic, EDTA, or vWF-deficient blood. Retention declined in subsequent milliliters of PGE1 or CPK-CP blood and remained low in thrombasthenic, vWF-deficient, or EDTA blood. Our findings suggest that (1) the platelets in A adhere to glass; this adhesion requires fibrinogen but not vWF or ADP; (2) the adherent platelets release ADP and become sticky; (3) adhesion of platelets in the first milliliter of B to the sticky platelets from A requires vWF and divalent cations but not ADP; (4) retention is maintained thereafter by repetitive platelet-platelet interactions involving ADP release, alteration of adherent platelets by released ADP, and adhesion of further platelets to these ADP-altered platelets which requires vWF. PMID- 812574 TI - Deficiency of kappa- or lambda-type immunoglobulins. AB - A marked imbalance of the two light chain types of immunoglobulins was observed in two young male adults suffering from primary hypogammaglobulinemia and intrinsic factor-deficient pernicious anemia. In one patient, the kappa/lambda light chain ratio of serum immunoglobulins was 0.01; in the other, it was approximately 6 (normal value, 1.8 +/- 0.3). This light chain imbalance was found within each of the three main immunoglobulin classes. The number of mature immunoglobulin-producing cells in the bone marrow and in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract was reduced. The relative frequency of kappa- and lambda producing cells in these tissues corresponded to the kappa/lambda ratio of serum immunoglobulins. However, the number of peripheral lymphocytes with membrane associated immunoglobulins as well as the percentage distribution of blood lymphocytes with kappa- or lambda-type immunoglobulins on the membrane were within normal limits in both cases. The results suggested a hitherto unknown defect in the maturation of B-cells leading to an abnormal ratio of kappa- and lambda-type immunoglobulin-secreting cells. PMID- 812576 TI - [Cross reactions of anti-E sera with the Rh antigens E and Ew]. AB - Tests with 12 different trade anti-E sera have proven that half of them contain anti-Ew components. Therefore, according to the results of the tests, it must be concluded that, by immunizations with the antigen E, antibodies with the specificity anti-EEw are often be formed. PMID- 812575 TI - Hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, and accelerated thrombosis: studies in congenitally hyperlipidemic rats and in rats and monkeys with induced hyperlipidemia. AB - Inbred Carworth Farms Nelson (CFN) congenitally hyperlipidemic rats had significantly shorter coagulation and prothrombin times and higher levels of coagulation factors, II, V, VII, VIII, and X than did controls. Conversely, congenitally hypolipidemic rats of the same strain had significantly longer coagulation and prothrombin times and lower levels of factors II, V, VII, X and XII and of blood platelets than did controls. A loop-shaped polyethylene cannula was inserted into the aorta to assess the potential for thrombosis. The hyperlipidemic group obstructed this significantly faster and the hypolipidemic group slower than did the controls. Normal CFN rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal artery clip developed hypertension together with significantly elevated serum cholesterol and factor VII and X levels. Rhesus monkeys with diet induced hyperlipidemia showed shorter prothrombin times and higher factor X levels than did controls on normal diet. By selective breeding, two groups of squirrel monkeys were obtained. Both groups had similar serum cholesterol levels on a normal diet but one group (hyperresponders) showed higher serum cholesterol levels on a cholesterol-containing diet than did the other (hyporesponder) group. Both groups showed significantly elevated levels of factors II, V, VII, IX and X on a cholesterol-containing diet. There was good correlation between the levels of many coagulation factors and serum cholesterol in both rats and monkeys. If thrombosis is important in the genesis of atherosclerosis, these findings could indicate that elevation of plasma lipids may play a role, via the coagulation pathway, in the production of human vascular disease. PMID- 812578 TI - Temperature selection in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) following exposure to DDT, PCB or phenol. PMID- 812577 TI - [Mechanism of the blocking of the centrosphere by substances similar to quinoline. Its prevention with spindle inhibitors similar to colchicine]. AB - A colchicine-like substance, vincaleukoblastine (2.10-4M, 3 to 6 hours), prevents the blocking of the centrosphere which would be produced by quinoline or by a similar substance (glutaraldehyde), to the extent of the inhibition of polarity by this colchicine-like substance. This is interpreted as due to the fact that each molecule of colchicine-like substance binds to a single subunit (or heterodimer) of tubulin and consequently prevents the constitution of storage structures. It is supposed that on the contrary quinoline-like substances bind to several subunits of tubulin and that they can stabilize the storage structures, binding to them in several points. The ultrastructural study demonstrates that when the centrosphere is blocked by quinoline, there is accumulation, hypertrophy and permanence of the "dense bodies" later than prophase; sometimes they are fused in a large "dense mass". The "dense bodies", and perhaps the "striated bodies", may therefore be interpreted as constituting morphologically the storage structures, which enlarge when all the astral and spindle microtubules completely disappear by action of a quinoline-like substance. PMID- 812579 TI - A study on the effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1242) on an aquatic plant-- Spirodela oligorhiza (Kurz) Helm. PMID- 812580 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in maternal and cord blood in Tokyo metropolitan area. AB - PCB levels were determined with maternal and cord blood sampled at the time of delivery. All of the twentyfour mothers selected for this experiment are residents to Tokyo Metropolitan area. Gaschromatographic patterns of PCBs in cord blood closely resembled those of mothers. The cord blood in general showed lower PCB levels on both whole and fat basis than those in the maternal blood. No correlation was noticeable on statistical basis as regards the concentrations of PCBs between the cord blood and maternal blood. Our data suggests that the passage of PCBs through the placenta follows general patterns observed in other organochlorine insecticides. PMID- 812581 TI - Activated sludge primary biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 812582 TI - Phenformin and lactic acidosis. AB - Thirty-eight patients who presented with diabetes and a changed state of consciousness satisfied the criteria for lactic acidosis. Sixteen patients were non-ketotic, and 15 of these were receiving phenformin on admission. In all but one of these 15 patients, however, additional renal or cardiovascular abnormalities, or both, could be identified, which supported a multifactorial aetiology for lactic acidosis. Advanced age and cardiovascular and renal disease are absolute contraindications to the use of phenformin in diabetics. PMID- 812583 TI - Letter: "Happy death day". PMID- 812584 TI - Census of mental hospital patients and life expectancy of those unlikely to be discharged. AB - A census in a London mental hospital was performed so that the numbers of patients requiring permanent care for the next 20 to 40 years could be estimated. Of 1467 resident patients 20% had been admitted in the preceding five months and 15% in the year before that. Of the 65% who had been in hospital for over 17 months 1% (16 patients) had been in hospital for over 5o years. Altogether 257 (18%) patients would probably be discharged, 339 (23%) might possibly be discharged if there were adequate community facilities, but 871 (59%) were not likely to be discharged; 239 patients under the age of 65 who had been admitted between 1950 and 1973 were unlikely to be discharged. There were about 10 new younger long-stay patients from each year's admissions. Three conditions- schizophrenia, organic brain syndrome, and affective illness--affected 79% of the population. Fourteen per cent had been employed on admission and 28% were considered employable or possibly employable. Half of those who might be considered for discharge (296) would need a hostel. No rehabilitation was needed or possible for 40% of the patients; 299 (20%) patients were chairbound or bedridden and 400 (27%) were totally dependent on nursing and 587 (40%) partly dependent. Twenty months after the census 361 (25%) patients had left (59 had been readmitted), 284 (19%) had died, and 822 (56%) had remained as inpatients. The most realistic future prediction was that 210 (14%) of these patients would still be in the hospital in 20 years and 43 (3%) in 40 years. In the light of these findings and the scarceness of resources current Department of Health and Social Security plans for phasing out mental hospitals must be challenged. PMID- 812585 TI - Identification and definition of long-stay mental hospital population. AB - In a study to identify and define a central group of long-stay psychiatric patients who are resistant to discharge 422 were found who had been in hospital for eight to 23 years. These "problem" patients represented 40% of all long-stay patients. The total number of years that they had spent in hospital was nearly double that of the remaining patients. They were mostly unvisited, unoccupied, and single, and most were suffering from schizophrenia or organic psychosis. Half were in a good or reasonably good state of mental health, and three-quarters were in a good or reasonably good state of physical health. The findings have implications for the rehabilitation and treatment of these patients and also for the provision of community aftercare facilities. PMID- 812586 TI - Cortical blindness after overlapping retinal-striate lesions: a limit to plasticity in the central visual system. AB - Lesions in cats, rats, and monkeys that spare more than 2% of the optic tract or visual cortex cause trivial deficits on most measures of vision. Overlap in the topography of the visual system may allow the spared remnant to 'see' a wider field of vision than the physiological map predicts. We tested whether monkeys left with only the lower retinal-field portion of their striate map could see with information coming from the upper half of the retina. In 6 rhesus monkeys the ganglion fibers exiting from the lower half of both retinae were cut with a photocoagulator. Later, the portion of area 17 which, according to the electrophysiological map, controls upper retinal vision, was ablated bilaterally. The combined retinal and striate lesions overlapped to include the entire visual field. Together they produced cortical blindness. The monkeys' performance of two pattern and object tasks remained at chance throughout the survival period. A previous study has described considerable sparing of vision after combined optic tract and visual cortex lesions in cats. Differences in the lesion methods and in the anatomy of the cat and monkey visual system may explain the disagreement. PMID- 812588 TI - Cancer statistics, 1976 a comparison of white and black populations. PMID- 812589 TI - Letter: Carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 812587 TI - The effect of protein-energy undernutrition induced during the period of suckling on cholinergic enzyme activity in the rat brain stem. PMID- 812590 TI - Letter: Squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 812591 TI - A technique for localizing occult breast lesions. PMID- 812592 TI - Plasma cell neoplasms. PMID- 812593 TI - Laetrile: Focus on the facts. PMID- 812594 TI - Reporting on cancer research. PMID- 812595 TI - Highlighting cancer chemotherapy reports. PMID- 812596 TI - Editorial: Risks vs. benefits in breast cancer diagnosis. PMID- 812598 TI - Homoeotic effect of the tumorous-head mutant and differential effect of an enhancer gene in the tumorous-head strain of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Homoeotic effects (one organ replaced by an organ from a different part of the body) were investigated in the tumorous-head phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. The tumorous-head mutant is the only known maternally effected homoeotic mutant (Postlethwait and Schneiderman, 1973). As reported by Postlethwait et al. (1972) transformations from eye to abdominal like structures, eye to antennal like structures, eye to palpus like structures, rostralhaut to genital like structures, rostralhaut to clasper teeth, and rostralhaut to antennal like structures were observed. Transformations currently observed but not by Postlethwait et al. (1972) are: eye to genital structures (resembling anal plates in both sexes or lateral plates in males); antenna to genital like structures; rostralhaut to abdominal like structures; and proboscis to leg like structures. Since a tumorous-head strain selected for high penetrance and expressivity was used for this study, differences between the two studies are ascribed to strain selection. Effect of a third chromosome gene which acts to enhance the tumorous-head maternal effect was also investigated. A highly significant increase in expressivity was found especially in females. Of 4,730 female flies examined possessing the enhancer gene, high penetrance and high expressivity, only the eye-antennal imaginal disc and possibly the libial disc showed destabilization. We observed no destabilization of the wing disc by the tumorous-head genes as predicted by Kauffman (1973). PMID- 812600 TI - Genetic studies on walking behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Selection and hybridization analysis. AB - Rapid vs. slow types of walking behavior in Drosophila melanogaster were tested in response to light in a connected test-tube apparatus. The effect of selection for both types of behavior was clearly recognized after only a few generation. The heritability of the two traits of walking behavior was remarkably different; the former was estimated to be about 7%, the latter 26%. Walking behavior is possibly controlled by a major gene with the behavior manifesting slow response to light being dominant to that manifesting rapid walking behavior. PMID- 812599 TI - The search for relevant short term bioassays for chemical carcinogens: the tribulation of a modern Sisyphus. AB - Based on a good correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenic activity several rapid microbial bioassays for chemical carcinogens have been recently developed. We would like to suggest, that these microbial tests should be followed by bioassays using cultured human cells of the "average" man, and of persons with elevated cancer risk or increased susceptibility to carcinogenic agents. The main objective of using DNA repair (unscheduled uptake of 3HTdR) and DNA fragmentation (shift in sedimentation profiles) of cultured human cells was to design a test system that can simulate conditions found in man and thus provide information relevant to the human population. A trial on 98 different carcinogens, precarcinogens and noncarcinogens showed the suitability of DNA repair synthesis as a rapid, economic and relevant assay for detection of chemical carcinogens. To check the adaptability of DNA repair synthesis of human cells as a bioassay for chemical carcinogens we examined carcinogenic nitrosation products which are formed from the interaction of nitrite and nitrosatable compounds, carcinogenic or mutagenic photosensitizing chemicals, and the effect of complex interactions. Organotropic carcinogens can be detected by measuring DNA fragmentation and DNA repair in various target organs following the in vivo application of chemical carcinogens. The pros and cons of several bioassays and their usefulness in judging a carcinogenic or mutagenic hazard to human populations is discussed. PMID- 812597 TI - The comparative effects of vitamin d deficiency and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1 diphosphonate administration on the histology and glycolysis of chick epiphyseal and articular cartilage. AB - A comparison has been made between the effect of a vitamin D--deficient diet and treatment with disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on the morphology of chick epiphyseal cartilage and on the production of lactate in vitro by epiphyseal and articular cartilage. The cell populations in the growth plate were different following the two treatments. Vitamin D deficiency was characterized by an increase in proliferating cells, with a relative paucity of hypertrophic cells; EHDP treatment was characterized by an increase in hypertrophic cells. When similar cell types were compared, neither treatment changed lactate production from the control value. This stresses the need to correlate the morphology of cell types with their metabolic function. The present results indicate that the major effect of vitamin D deficiency in the chick is to block the differentiation of proliferating to hypertrophic cells. In contrast, EHDP may act by inhibiting calcification directly. Even though EHDP at the doses used is known to interfere with the production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol there is no block to cell differentiation under EHDP similar to that seen in dietary deficiency of vitamin D. PMID- 812601 TI - Irradiation of clinically uninvolved cervical lymph nodes. AB - Of 402 patients with cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and supraglottic larynx treated at Stanford between 1957 and 1972, 164 had clinically uninvolved cervical lymph nodes prior to the initiation of radiation therapy. Lymph node metastases developed later in 38 per cent of patients with primary oral cavity carcinomas who were treated with interstitial radium implants alone. No late cervical lymph node involvement was found in those patients who received high dose external irradiation to at least the primary site and first echelon lymph nodes. Lymph node failures were ultimately noted in 20 of the 140 patients (14 per cent), who received partial or complete neck irradiation, but 18 of these occurred in patients with uncontrolled primary lesions, suggesting that re seeding of cervical lymph nodes had taken place rather than failure of the initial irradiation to control subclinical metastases. Our present policy is to treat the primary lesion and adjacent lymph nodes with high dose megavoltage techniques, combined with interstitial irradiation if possible. Bilateral supplemental inferior neck radiation ports are added for patients with advanced primary neoplasms and for those with clinically involved cervical lymph nodes. All other patients undergoing radiation therapy for stage T1 primary lesions and clinically negative necks also receive ipsilateral low neck irradiation. In addition, cervical lymph nodes are electively irradiated when the primary lesion has been resected. When these policies are adopted, the incidence of cervical lymph node failures is extremely low in patients whose primary sites remain controlled, and morbidity from the cervical radiation fields is negligible. PMID- 812602 TI - Hematozoa of the passeriforms of the Tantramar Marshes, New Brunswick. PMID- 812603 TI - Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (NSC-119875): hearing loss and other toxic effects in rhesus monkeys. AB - Ototoxicity and general toxicity of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (ii), a compound with antitumor activity, were evaluated in four rhesus monkeys. Audiometry was performed with shock avoidance to donditioned stimuli of pure tones at frequencies from 0.25 to 18 kHz. Histopathologic lesions of the inner ear were identified with phase-contrast microscopy of surface preparations from the organ of Corti. The monkeys were also submitted to physical examinations, hematologic and blood chemical determinations, necropsies, and histopathologic evaluations. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) was injected intravenously in one monkey in five daily doses of 1.25 mg/kg (LD50) and in three monkeys in ten to 26 doses of 0.625 mg/kg five times per week. Transient hearing loss occurred in the monkey treated with the largest dose and in one of the three animals treated at the lower dose. In both monkeys apparently normal hearing reappeared after 120 and 200 days. No hearing loss was detectable in the other two animals. All four monkeys, however, had loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti and lesions were most severe among the outer hair cells of the lower turns. Other effects in all four monkeys included severe chronic glomerulonephritis with intermittent azotemia. Two monkeys (positive controls) injected intramuscularly with ten or 25 daily doses of neomycin sulfate (50 mg/kg) responded with delayed permanent hearing loss that appeared 3 months after the start of treatment. Deafness was substantiated by a total loss of inner hair cells in the upper turns, by a severe loss in the lower turns, and by a moderate or severe loss of outer hair cells in the lower turns. The above observations indicated that cis dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), at a treatment regimen which caused more severe organ toxicity, caused less severe ototoxicity than neomycin sulfate and destroyed hair cells at different sites than neomycin sulfate. PMID- 812605 TI - Changes in glomerular filtration rate following myocardial infarction. AB - Cr EDTA clearance was measured in 10 patients immediately after uncomplicated myocardial infarction and 3 weeks later. The initial values (120 +/- 36 ml/min) were significantly higher than the later values (79 +/- 23 ml/min). Possible reasons for this are reviewed. PMID- 812604 TI - Preclinical studies with triazinate (NSC-139105), an antifolate drug, in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of the intravenous administration of triazinate by single and multiple injections were studied in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys. In dogs, dose levels ranging from 0.3125 to 40 mg/kg were given either as single doses daily for 5 days, or once weekly for 6 weeks. The 5-day regimen was also studied in monkeys with dose levels from 2.5 to 40 mg/kg/day. Prominent drug-related and drug-dependent effects which appeared in both species were piloerection, muscular weakness, and respiratory difficulty which occurred during and immediately after the administration of dose levels of 10 mg/kg or greater. Gastrointestinal toxicity was severe in dogs but mild in monkeys. Lymphoid tissue toxicity was manifested by a circulating lymphopenia and localized cellular depletion in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissues. In dogs, signs of bone marrow toxicity consisted of a circulating neutropenia and, at necropsy, a reduction in the number of erythroid and myeloid elements plus megaloblastosis. Only the latter change was observed in monkeys. This difference in the hematopoietic toxicity between the beagle dog and the rhesus monkey was corroborated by the findings from in vitro studies with bone marrow. DNA synthesis in beagle bone marrow cells was depressed significantly by triazinate as compared with cells from rhesus marrow. A direct renal toxic effect was observed in monkeys given high doses of triazinate (20 and 40 mg/kg/day or 240-280 mg/m/day) for 5 days. PMID- 812606 TI - [Hypothalamic control of thyroid function (author's transl)]. PMID- 812607 TI - Uteroglobin-like antigen in the male genital tract secretions. AB - The secretion of the rabbit seminal vesicle has been investigated by morphological and biochemical means. Apical regions of seminal vesicle epithelial cells show highly active protein synthesizing and releasing organells. The secretory proteins released are analysed by disc-electrophoresis and three different immunological procedures. There is evidence for the presence of an uteroglobin-like antigen in seminal vesicle secretion. Comparison with seminal plasma indicated that the uteroglobin-like protein is also present in this fluid. The immunological and electrophoretical identity of rabbit uteroglobin, obtained from the uterus, with "male uteroglobin" is obvious, but molecular-biochemical and biological identity awaits further clarification. The demonstration of uteroglobin-like antigen in the male as in the female points towards new aspects in reproductive and contraceptive research. PMID- 812608 TI - T-lymphocyte mediated cytolysis: temperature dependence of killer cell dependent and independent phases and lack of recovery from the lethal hit at low temperatures. PMID- 812609 TI - [Specificity of adenyl cyclase in the urinary bladder of toads]. PMID- 812610 TI - [Importance of early experience in animals and man]. PMID- 812611 TI - Characterization of B and H blood-group active glycosphingolopids from human B erythrocyte membranes. AB - Two blood group B active glycosphingolipids (B-I and B-II) previously isolated and highly purified from human B erythrocytes [21] were analysed first by degradation with alpha-D-galactosidase from coffee beans, alpha-L-fucosidase from bovine kidney and with 0,1 N trichloracetic acid; the native B-glycolipids as well as their degradation products were then investigated by methylation analysis with combined gas chromatography-mass spectromety, by thin layer chromatography, two dimensional immunodiffusion and by the hemagglutination inhibition technique. Together with the results obtained by mass spectrometry of permethylated glycolipids [26] the following structures were elucidated: alpha-D gakactpurampsu;-(1 leads to 3) [alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)]-D galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)-ceramide for the B-I glycosphingolipid and alpha-D-galactopyransosyl-(1 leads to 3)-[alpha-L fucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)]-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-N-acetyl-D glucosaminosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-N-acetyl-D glucosaminosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-D-glucopyranosyl (1 leads to 1)-ceramide for the B-II glycophingolipid. AH active glycolipid fraction from B erythrocytes further purified by thin layer chromatography was also investigated by methylation analysis. The pattern of its partially methylated alditol acetates was essentially the same as that of the alpha galactosidase treated and permethylated B-I glycoliped. It is also exhibited strongly precipitating and hemagglutination inhibiting H properties as well as the two alpha-galactosidase treated B-I and B-II glycosphingolipids. Based upon these data the following tentative structure was proposed: alpha-L-fucopyranosyl (1 leads to 2)-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 leads to 1) ceramide. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed sphingosine and lignoceric, nervonic and behenic acids to be the main components of the ceramide residues of the three glycophingolipids. From the data presented the H active substance very probably can be regarded as the immediate precursor of the B-I gly cosphingolipid from human B erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 812612 TI - Triggered activity in cardiac muscle fibers of the simian mitral valve. AB - The action potential of cardiac fibers in the anterior mitral valve leaflet of the monkey heart is followed by an after-hyperpolarization. The addition of catecholamines causes a delayed after-depolarization to follow the after hyperpolarization. The amplitude of the after-depolarization increases as the stimulus cycle length is decreased, or after premature stimulation, and as a result can reach threshold to yield nondriven, sustained rhythmic activity which we term triggered activity. This sustained rhythmic activity can be terminated by a single, appropriately timed, premature stimulus. The amplitude of the action potentials of mitral valve fibers is increased by catecholamines; the amplitude and rate of depolarization are depressed by verapamil. The amplitude of the action potentials is little affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX) but the maximum rate of depolarization is reduced by TTX. The delayed after-depolarization induced by catecholamines is abolished by verapamil, as is triggered activity. These observations suggest that mitral valve fibers generate slow response action potentials, that triggerable sustained rhythmic activity may be a property of the slow response and that such activity may cause the types of cardiac arrhythmias that usually are attributed to reentry. PMID- 812613 TI - Regional Myocardial function in the conscious dog during acute coronary occlusion and responses to morphine, propranolol, nitroglycerin, and lidocaine. AB - Regional myocardial function following occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery was studied in unanesthetized dogs using minature ultrasonic crystal pairs implanted subendocardially within the left ventricle for measurement of control, marginal, and ischemic lengths. As early as five beats after coronary occlusion, reduced function was apparent in ischemic zones, and an increase in heart rate occurred (78 to 115 beats/min) at an average of 25 sec. In the control zones, shortening initially increased from a constant end-diastolic length, but later end-diastolic length also increased by 7.5%. Shortening in the marginal zones was reduced by 50% at 90 sec as holosystolic expansion developed in the ischemic zones. On reperfusion, systolic function returned to normal within a few minutes while protodiastolic abnormalities persisted for up to 45 min. With coronary occlusions longer than two minutes most dogs exhibited arousal and further tachycardia; this reaction was prevented by morphine. During two minute occlusions morphine also decreased the heart rate increase by 37%, and marginal segment shortening was improved by 40%. Prior administration of propranolol also decreased heart rate during coronary occlusion and produced similar improvement in marginal segment function; however, in contrast to morphine, there was depression of contraction in the control segments. Nitroglycerin given during coronary occlusion caused decreases in end-diastolic length of all segments and increased shortening in the marginal segment by 28%. Lidocaine administered during coronary occlusion produced a mild depression of myocardial function in all regions of the heart. PMID- 812614 TI - Vasodilator therapy for chronic left ventricular failure. AB - The effects of chronic oral vasodilator therapy were studied in a group of patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Fifteen patients were treated acutely with intravenous sodium nitroprusside and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. After continuous therapy with nitroprusside and isosorbide dinitrate for up to 72 hours the patients were then placed on isosorbide dinitrate and oral phenoxybenzamine. Hemodynamic responses to nitroprusside, isosorbide dinitrate, and phenoxybenzamine with isosorbide dinitrate were determined. After a mean follow-up of seven months, nine patients who were receiving isosorbide dinitrate and phenoxybenzamine underwent repeat hemodynamic studies. Beneficial effects of acute vasodilator therapy included a significant reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and significant increases in cardiac index and stroke work index. Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged. During the period of chronic vasodilator administration, no other change in basic therapy with isosorbide dinitrate and phenoxybenzamine (3-21 months), the favorable effects observed acutely were maintained. All patients demonstrated symptomatic improvement with minimal side effects. The beneficial hemodynamic responses that are noted with acute vasodilator therapy in patients in advanced congestive heart failure are maintained with oral therapy on a chronic basis. PMID- 812615 TI - Recently discovered hypothalamic-pituitary hormones. AB - In recent years a variety of peptide hormones have been isolated from the mammalian hypothalamus and pituitary. Several hypothalamic hormones, including thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing factory), luliberin (luteinizing hormone releasing factor), and somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor), have been characterized and synthesized. The subsequent development of radioimmunoassays for these hormones has made possible the study of their physiology. The measurement of prolactin in serum and the release of pituitary hormones after the administration of the hypothalamic hormones has proved to be useful in clinical diagnosis. The use of hypothalamic hormones in treating various clinical disorders and the isolation and characterization of new releasing and inhibiting hormones in the hypothalamus are actively being investigated. PMID- 812616 TI - Measuring picogram amounts of aluminum in biological tissue by flameless atomic absorption analysis of a chelate. AB - We describe a flameless atomic absorption method for aluminum determination in ethylenediaminetetraacetate extracts of biological tissues. Picogram quantities can be detected, and the technique appears to be more sensitive than other methods of aluminum determination used for biological samples. The extraction simplifies the method and virtually eliminates contamination with extraneous aluminum during the analysis. The extraction method might be useful for separating various other trace elements from biological tissues before analysis. PMID- 812617 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in baboon tissues and organs. AB - We determined the activity of the isoenzymes of creatine kinase in homogenates of fresh tissues from six baboons. Twenty-six tissues were removed from each baboon and the isoenzymes in them were separated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex A-50. Total activity was greatest in skeletal muscle (2600 U/g wet weight) followed by myocardium (800 U/g), brain (180 U/g), and the bladder and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract (about 100 U/g). Ten tissues had total activities of less than 20 U/g: trachea, lung, kidney, thyroid, gall bladder, liver, spleen, pancreas, common bile duct, and adrenal. Skeletal muscle contained only the MM isoenzyme; myocardium contained 81% MM isoenzyme, 18% MB isoenzyme, and 1% BB isoenzyme. Except for thyroid and pancreas, all other tissues contained mainly the BB isoenzyme. Tissues of the gastrointestinal tract contained significant (7 to 17%) MB isoenzyme activity. PMID- 812619 TI - Quantitative determination of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate in urine and plasma. AB - A technique has been developed to measure the diphosphonate ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate (EHDP) quantitatively in 5 ml of urine or 2 ml of plasma. The procedure is based on a coprecipitation of EHDP with calcium phosphate, elimination of inorganic phosphate as an insoluble triethylamine-phosphomolybdate complex, decomposition of the P-C-P bond with ultraviolet light and spectrophotometric determination of the inorganic phosphate released. A trace amount of [14C] EHDP is used to correct for losses. The method appears specific for the diphosphonate, exhibits quantitative recoveries, and has a mean coefficient of variation of 3.7% for urine and 7.3% for plasma. The limit of detection is in the order of 2.5 mumol/1 in 5 ml urine and 0.5 mumol/1 in 2 ml of plasma. PMID- 812618 TI - The motor nerve supply of the velopharyngeal muscles. AB - The present study attempted to clarify the motor nerve supply of the velopharyngeal muscles. Experiments were carried out on 20 anesthetized rhesus monkeys. Evoked EMG responses of the levator veli palatini, uvula, and superior constrictor pharyngeus muscles, which seem to contribute to velopharyngeal closure, were analyzed by stimulating the cranial nerves within the skull. Results were as follows: 1. Muscle action potentials (M-waves) from the selected muscles could be recognized on stimulating the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves at the petrosal area of the temporal bone but were not noted upon accessory nerve stimulation. 2. At maximal stimulation, the vagus gave a greater increase in muscle amplitude than the other nerves studied. This was followed by the glossopharyngeal with the facial nerve producing the least increase in amplitude. 3. Also at maximal stimulation, latencies in the response of the levator veli palatini and uvula muscles were reduced to the greatest degree by stimulation of the vagus, to a lesser extent for the glossopharyngeal, and least for the facial nerve. 4. On stimulating the facial nerve below the stylomastoid foramen, M-waves could not be recognized. From the present study, it was concluded that the levator veli palatini, uvula, and superior constrictor pharyngeus muscles are double innervated by the facial nerve and branches of the pharyngeal plexus derived from the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and that the facial nerve plays an important role as one of the motor nerves in movements responsible for velopharyngeal closure. PMID- 812620 TI - Molecular genetics of GM1 beta-galactosidase. AB - The molecular genetics of GM1 beta-galactosidase is reviewed. This enzyme exists in two forms, A and B. Form A is monomeric with a molecular weight of 72,000 and appears to be coded by a single autosomal locus. Form B is polymeric and cross reacts with anti-A antibodies; it is coded wholly or in part by the same locus that codes for A. The simultaneous loss of A and B in GM1 gangliosidosis is explained. None of the other beta-galactosidases, including neutral beta galactosidase, ceramide lactoside beta-galactosidase or cerebroside beta galactosidase cross-react with anti-A antibodies, demonstrating that they are coded by loci separate from A. GM1 beta-galactosidase A is heterocatalytic, cleaving beta-D-galactose from ganglioside GM1, lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, and galactose-containing glycoproteins such as asialofetuin, red cell stromal glycoproteins and keratan sulfate. The pleotropic effects of a single mutation affecting the locus for beta-galactosidase A can be explained by a one gene:one polypeptide:many substrates model. Phenotypic variability among beta galactosidase A mutants may result from better residual activity of the mutant enzyme for one substrate than for another. Patients with normal intelligence and severe bony deformities, who are homozygous for a mutation affecting the enzyme, illustrate this point. Thus far all human mutants for GM1 beta-galactosidase studied are structural mutants, synthesizing nearly normal quantities of mutant enzyme; one is a proven Km mutant, the others are very likely so. PMID- 812621 TI - Evidence for the presence of lambda chain dimers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - The presence of free lambda chain dimers in the CSF of selected patients suffering from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was proved by use of agar double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 812622 TI - Effect of age on cell-mediated immunity in long-lived mice. AB - The cytolytic ability of sensitized spleen cells to kill allogeneic target cells in vitro, a correlate of cell-mediated immune activity, was assessed in aging long-lived hybrid mice. There was about a 4-fold decline with age, of which about 2-fold could be accounted for by the decrease in relative numbers of immunocompetent precursor cell units. The terminally differentiated progeny cells of antigen-stimulated precursor cells of old mice were as efficient in killing target cells as were those of precursor cells of young mice. Thus, it would appear that a decrease in the proliferative and transforming capacities of antigen-stimulated precursor cells of old mice can account for the other 2-fold decline with age in the cytolytic activity. Cytolytic activity may not be the limiting function in resistance to tumour formation. This was indicated by the observation that resistance to allogeneic tumor cell challenge declines with age by as much as 500-fold in mice, showing only a 4-fold decline in their cytolytic activity. PMID- 812623 TI - Inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the rat by disodium cromoglycate and nitroindanedione. AB - A nitroindanedione (BRL 10833) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) showed similar activities as inhibitors of IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive peritoneal anaphylaxis (PPA) reactions in the rat. BRL 10833 was more active than DSCG when given parenterally and unlike DSCG it inhibited the PCA reaction in the rat after oral administration. In the PCA test both compounds produced a state of refractoriness both to themselves and to each other. Isoprenaline also inhibited the PCA reaction but its activity was not reduced when the rats were refractory to DSCG. PMID- 812624 TI - Actively induced thrombocytopenia in the marmoset. A possible autoimmune model. AB - Inoculation of S. oedipus marmosets with white blood cells and platelets from another species of marmosets, S. fuscicollis, led to an acute and fatal thrombocytopenia. Antibody in the recipients to the immunizing platelets was found by agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence; also, serum from the afflicted animals passively induced thrombocytopenia in S. fuscicollis marmosets. Similar inoculations of S. oedipus marmosets with platelet-free white blood cell preparations from the same donors were without any clinical effect; also, immunization with autologous, allogeneic (unrelated S. oedipus) or human platelets, did not cause the disease, even though antibody to the latter species of platelets, human, was formed in the recipients. Failure to detect antibody to autologous (or allogeneic) platelets in the afflicted animals suggests induction of a disease process similar to that of post-transfusion purpura,where it has been speculated that the thrombocytopenia results from the adherence of antigen (donor) antibody complexes to host platelets, leading to their destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. The severity and consistency of inducing the disease in the marmoset by an active immunization process suggests this system may serve as an excellent animal model for autoimmune diseases falling within the syndrome of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in man. PMID- 812625 TI - Immunologic and immunopathologic studies in congenital Chagas' disease. PMID- 812626 TI - An anti-immunoglobulin specificity in juman multiple myeloma sera. PMID- 812627 TI - The child with an unusual odor. A clinical resume. PMID- 812628 TI - Patient package inserts. II. Toward a rational patient package insert. AB - Analysis of the response to a questionnaire on various aspects of drug information showed several significant trends. The importance of the physician as an information source varied directly with age and inversely with educational level of patients. The doctor's importance as a source of information was also greater for those who visited physicians' offices or clinics more and if they were on long-term treatment. Younger persons, those with higher levels of education, and those who were not in regular contact with a physician placed greater importance on non-physician sources. Persons consulting physicians regularly desired less information and knew less about drugs than those who did not regularly see a physician. These findings suggest that the educational role of the physician could be improved and should be directed particularly at the low income, older patient. In the design of the package insert, particular attention should be given to self-prescribed medications where no other information sources will be operating. PMID- 812629 TI - An instrument to assess staff time utilization in a community mental health center. AB - The Daily Staff Log is an empirically refined instrument to assess staff hours spent in direct patient and collateral contact, clinical backup time, consultation, education, and administration. Its primary uses as a management tool include description of staff activities, comparisons by discipline or clinic, pre- and postcomparisons following administrative policy change, and cost effectiveness studies. Conditions for successful use include a firmly committed administrative interest, in-service education on the value of log data for decisionmaking to improve delivery of care, and positive feedback when logs indicate service goals are being met. Following the introduction of logging it was possible to document improvements in clinical and financial efficiency. PMID- 812630 TI - PSRO-future impact on community mental health centers. AB - In November 1972 Congress passed P.L. 92-603 creating Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) to involve practicing physicians and other health care professionals in the ongoing review and evaluation of health care services funded through Medicare, Medicaid, and maternal and child health programs. This paper examines the requirements and components of the PSRO program, the mandate for nonphysician peer review, and future implications for mental health facilities including community mental health centers. With the eventual review of community mental health centers by PSRO's, centers must begin plans for implementing review programs that evaluate the necessity, the quality, and the cost of services. PMID- 812632 TI - Some aspects of the initiation of protein synthesis in Crithidia fasciculata and Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 812631 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of sheep transferrin. PMID- 812633 TI - Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Recommendation of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. PMID- 812634 TI - Treatment of postpartum rhesus monkeys with progestogen: appearance in milk and effects on lactation. PMID- 812635 TI - Survival of animals injected with Pr-beta-HCG-TT. PMID- 812636 TI - Metabolic, endocrine and organ functions in monkeys immunized with Pr-beta-HCG-TT vaccine. PMID- 812637 TI - Anafranil in obsessive compulsive neurosis. PMID- 812638 TI - A preliminary study with penfluridol in hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 812639 TI - Role of diazepam in the management of eclampsia. PMID- 812640 TI - Lenperone: a controlled evaluation in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 812641 TI - Biochemical and clinical effects of metolazone in congestive heart failure. PMID- 812642 TI - The analgesic effect of Syndol following neurosurgery and neurosurgical procedures. PMID- 812643 TI - Use of doxycycline in an aerobic surgical infections: an open drug study. PMID- 812644 TI - Clinical evaluation of a single dose of tinidazole in trichomoniasis. PMID- 812645 TI - Cyproheptadine: weight-gain and appetite stimulation in essential anorexic adults. PMID- 812646 TI - Apparent pharmacokinetic interaction of diazepam and amitriptyline in psychiatric patients: a pilot study. PMID- 812647 TI - Quantitative determination of thioridazine and nonconjugated thioridazine metabolites in serum and urine of psychiatric patients. PMID- 812648 TI - The effect of multiple intramuscular placebo injections on injection-site tolerance and serum creatine phosphokinase activity. PMID- 812649 TI - Effect of 2% procaine hydrochloride solution on the bioavailability of cephradine after intramuscular injection. PMID- 812650 TI - Procainamide in acute myocardial infarction: a study on two different tablet preparations of sustained release type. PMID- 812651 TI - The bioavailability of enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid: a comparative study in reheumatoid arthritis, I. PMID- 812652 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of mecclocycline in healthy volunteers and patients with enteric infections. PMID- 812653 TI - Cefazolin in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 812654 TI - Comparison of oral clindamycin to oral and intramuscular (benzathine) penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 812656 TI - Drug interaction between asiaticoside and some anti-inflammatory drugs in wound healing of the rat. PMID- 812657 TI - Antiinflammatory activity and thymolytic effect of a new corticosteroid ester (I.S.F. 2073) by topical application. PMID- 812655 TI - Pharmacokinetics and penetration characteristics of cefazolin into human spinal fluid. PMID- 812658 TI - Effects of trazodone on behavior and brain amine content of mice. PMID- 812659 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Herellea vagincola) to tetracycline and minocycline. PMID- 812660 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of simfibrate a new clofibric acid derivative. PMID- 812661 TI - Parenteral cephradine in the treatment of gonorrhoea. PMID- 812662 TI - Treatment of pruritus in allergic dermatoses: an evaluation of the relative efficacy of cyproheptadine and hydroxyzine. PMID- 812663 TI - Antianginal effect of nifedipine in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 812664 TI - Antihypertensive effect and side-effects of treatment with beta blockers- a comparative study between oxprenolol and propranolol. PMID- 812665 TI - Muscle relaxants: chlorzoxazone compared with diazepam (a double-blind study). PMID- 812666 TI - A double-blind comparative study of the analgesic effects of fenbufen, codeine, aspirin, propoxyphene and placebo. PMID- 812667 TI - Further experience with pizotifen in the treatment of migraine. PMID- 812668 TI - Levodopa and levoamphetamine: a crossover study in young schizophrenic children. PMID- 812669 TI - An early clinical and toxicity trial of EX 11-582A in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 812670 TI - Oral protirelin (T.R.H.) in depression. PMID- 812671 TI - A controlled evaluation of loxitane in seventy-five adolescent schizophrenic patients. PMID- 812673 TI - Sanitary effects of urban garbage and night soil composting. PMID- 812672 TI - Uphold the party's basic line and do a good job in rural health revolution. PMID- 812674 TI - Mass survey and treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. A retrospect report. PMID- 812675 TI - Preliminary studies on tripiperaquine (M 1020). PMID- 812677 TI - Heparin and osmotic diuretics in acute fulminant hepatitis. PMID- 812676 TI - Subtotal gastrectomy without routine gastric decompression, intravenous infusion and fasting. Analysis of 250 cases. PMID- 812678 TI - Intrachondral microcirculation and cartilage growth. Cartilage and bone development during the embryonic stage. PMID- 812679 TI - Purification and characterization of mouse serum interferon. AB - Mouse serum interferon (MSIF) induced by intravenous injection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was subjected to purification by using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. Purified IF fractions were characterized by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis (PGDE) and immunodiffusion technique. Either on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration eluting with 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.001 M EDTA, or DEAE cellulose column chromatography eluting with 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.4) containing 0.001 M EDTA and gradual increasing molarity of NaCl, two peaks were found to be associated with IF activity. The first peak from Sephadex gel filtration (I100) showed an ambiguous band located between alpha2 and beta-globulin on PGDE, while the second peak on DEAE chromatography (IID) showed no particular band on PGDE. Both the second peak which appeared on Sephadex gel filtration (II100) and the first peak appeared on DEAE chromatography (ID) presented the clear band between alpha1 and alpha2-globulin. Among these four peak fractions, ID was least contaminated by other serum protein components. Immunodiffusion analysis of whole MSIF against anti-MSIF revealed that there was only one particular band which was probably identical to II100 and ID that appeared in Ouchterlony's plate. Whole MSIF was also analysed by using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (CAME). The pattern of CAME showed that the percentages of area at alpha1 and beta-globulin on the recording trace for MSIF seemed to be larger than those of control normal mouse serum. PMID- 812680 TI - [Exoskeletal ossifications following hip alloplasty]. PMID- 812682 TI - [Stabilization and coexistence of coacervate systems of different chemical composition]. PMID- 812681 TI - Causes of severe visual impairment in children and their prevention. AB - Concerning the fact that regarding causes of congenital visual impairment or visual impairment occurring during the first years of life, especially on the aetiology many problems have never been resolved, on instigation of The Netherlands a "Committee for the special study of severe visual impairment in children" has been founded by the International Association for Prevention of Blindness. The intention was that provisionally in this committee only 5 small West European countries should be represented, having more or less the same social and hygienic conditions, so that one could expect that comparison of the gained information in these countries should give some results concerning the aetiology. The contributing countries were: Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and The Netherlands. For this purpose criteria for definition of severe visual impairment, a questionnaire and a codinglist were drawn up. The classification scheme of causes of blindness and partial sightedness of the I.A.P.B. was utilized for answering the questions "by site and type and by aetiology" of the eye affections. The total number of children who were involved in the investigation was 4306. The investigation confirmed that heredity still occupies the first place in the aetiology of the congenital severe visual impairment. Moreover, the investigation could prove that besides the already known role of rubella, toxoplasmosis and dysoxygenation, probably also other affections occuring during pregnancy, prematurity, and too low birth weight (dysmaturity) and birth injuries, like asphyxia of the new-born child, are of great importance. Probably there is a correlation with certain eye affections (cataracta congenita and optic nerve atrophy). Attention is paid to the possibilities of prevention. From the results it appears that a renewed investigation is necessary where one should have to dispose of more and especially more reliable information concerning pregnancy and delivery. Suggestions in this direction are given. PMID- 812683 TI - [Isolation of proteolipids from plastid and blue-green algal membranes]. PMID- 812684 TI - [Electrophoretic analysis of salivary gland and fat body proteins in Drosophila melanogaster during development]. PMID- 812685 TI - [Chloroplast lipoxygenase]. PMID- 812686 TI - [Hormonal induction of acid phosphatase activity in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster larvae during metamorphosis]. PMID- 812687 TI - Nitroglycerin revisited: chemistry, biochemistry, interactions. PMID- 812688 TI - Interaction of drug metabolism with the other elements of drug safety evaluation. PMID- 812689 TI - Metabolism and Pharmacolinetics of Carbamazepine. PMID- 812690 TI - [Multiple myeloma and terminal acute myeloid leukaemia (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with multiple myeloma died of an acute myeloid leukaemia 15 years after onset of the former. At time of diagnosis the 39 year-old-patient had bone marrow infiltration of maximally 32 plasma cells/100 white bone marrow cells, a paraprotein (IgG, light-chain type lambda), osteoporosis of late onset and occasional osteolysis. The long survival time, as well as the acute myeloid leukaemia, are probably due to the effective treatment, first with cyclophosphamide (198 g over four years), later melphalan (3000 mg over eight years). PMID- 812691 TI - An analytical study of the role of various factors causing red tide outbreaks of trichodesmium as deduced from field and laboratory observation. AB - The marine blue green alga Trichodesmium sp is found in red-tide outbreaks in sub tropical areas in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Arabian Seas and the equatorial currents of the Gulf of Mexico. Giberellic acid stimulated the growth of Trichodesmium cultures to a greater extent than in the diatom Melosira sulcata. While increasing either the nitrate or phosphate above the normal levels in the culture medium did not greatly stimulate the growth of this organism, Trichodesmium did thrive in nitrogen impoverished waters by nitrogen fixation. The relevance of these findings to the hydrological factors which favour red-tide outbreaks is discussed. PMID- 812692 TI - Report on a biochemical red tide repressive agent. AB - Organisms were isolated from the November 1973 red tide outbreak in a search for a naturally occurring predator organism. Two organisms were found which look promising as a means of biocontrol: a Tintinnideae spp., ciliate and Gomphosphaeria aponina Kutzing, a blue-green algae. This report characterizes a blue-green algal toxin found to be lethal to the Florida red tide organism Gymnodinium breve Davis. PMID- 812694 TI - The major proteins of the Excherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane. Preparative isolation of all major membrane proteins. AB - A procedure is described that from one batch of cells allows the isolation of all major proteins of the outer cell envelope membrane of Escherichia coli B/r. The method involves differential extraction of cell envelopes with ionic and non ionic detergents with and without Mg2+ present, and the proteins are finally separated by molecular sieve chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. From 200 g cell paste in ten days (including the five days chromatography) approximately 120 mg protein I (molecular weight approximately 38,000), approximately 110 mg protein II* (molecular weight approximately 33,000), approximately 50 mg protein III (molecular weight approximately 17,000), and approximately 30 mg protein IV (molecular weight approximately 7,000) are obtained in pure state, and these yields are near the expected ones assuming quantitatve recoveries. Protein II* is a heat-modifiable protein (perhaps due to complete unfolding and/or binding of sodium dodecyl-sulfate only at higher temperatures), and the isolated protein is completely in its unmodified form. Protein IV, Braun's lipoprotein, in the cell envelope exists in two forms, one covalently bound to the murein layer and the other not. The isolated protein IV represents the free form of the protein that so far had not been isolated; its protein part dies not differ substantially from that of the bound form. PMID- 812693 TI - Sodium di-N-propylacetate (DPA) in the treatment of epilepsy. A review. AB - The literature on clinical and experimental studies of sodium dipropylacetate (DPA), a branched chain carboxylic acid with a unique antiepileptic structure, is critically reviewed. The clinical antiepileptic properties are evaluated by seizure type. DPA appears to be most efficacious in the treatment of absence seizures. The literature also provides evidence for efficacy in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures with elementary symptomatology. The clinical pharmacology of DPA has not been thoroughly investigated. Simple, accurate, and reproducible gas-liquid chromatographic methods are available for determining the concentration of DPA in body tissues and fluids. The plasma half-life in humans is 8 to 15 hr. The most frequently observed adverse effects are gastrointestinal disturbances. In patients receiving additional antiepileptic drugs, potentially serious sedative effects have also been noted, which may be due to an interaction between DPA and concurrently administered medications. PMID- 812695 TI - Determination of the primary structure of a mouse IgG2a immunoglobulin. Amino acid sequence of the H4 cyanogen-bromide fragment. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of CNBr fragment H4 of the murine immunoglobulin MOPC 173 (IgG2a,chi) has been determined, thus completing the sequence determination of the entire heavy chain. The H4 fragment contains 150 residues, and extends from residue 105 to residue 254 of the heavy chain, which appears thus to be composed of 447 amino acids residues. This fragment contains the end of the V region, the switch peptide, the CH1 domain, the hinge region and the beginning of CH2. Sequence comparisons suggest that the CH1 domain is highly conserved in evolution, and allows the definition of two additional isotypic specific regions. PMID- 812696 TI - Determination of the primary structure of a mouse IgG2a immunoglobulin. Amino acid sequence of the light chain. AB - The amino acid sequence of the light chain of the mouse monoclonal MOPC 173 immunoglobulin molecule (IgG2a,chi) is presented. This kappa chain contains 214 residues. Comparisons of this sequence with murine kappa chains already published by other workers bring a confirmation of the large size of the murine V chi chain pool. A complete identity was found with the constant region of the light chain of MOPC 21 from residue 97 to residue 214. PMID- 812697 TI - RNA polymerase B from Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Purification and partial characterization. AB - A purification procedure is described by which we obtained DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B (or II) from third-instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in essentially pure form. The enzyme is similar to the analogous polymerases from other eukaryotes in its enzymic and structural properties. It preferentially transcribes DNAs containing single-stranded regions, and it is inhibited by low amounts of the toxin alpha-amanitin; 50% inhibition occurs at an alpha-amanitin concentration of 0.03 mug/ml. Dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolves the purified Drosophila polymerase B into ten polypeptides with molecular weights as follows: 1 (174000), 2 (137000), 3 (34000), 4 (22000), 5 (18000), 6 and 7 (16000), 8 (15000), and 9 and 10 (less than 15000). The relative amounts of polypeptides 1-4 were constant at molar ratios of approximately 1:1:1:2 in different preparations of the enzyme, while the amounts of polypeptides 5-10 showed more variation. An antiserum directed against the Drosophila RNA polymerase B inhibited the activity in vitro of the B enzymes from Drosophila, yeast, and calf thymus. However, only the Drosophila enzyme gave a precipitin reaction with the antiserum. When the antiserum was added to Drosophila RNA polymerase B at different stages of the purification, the resulting precipitates were found to contain nearly constant proportions of seven of the ten polypeptides present in the purified enzyme. PMID- 812698 TI - Phenylalanine hydroxylase of Macaca irus A simple purification by affinity chromatography. PMID- 812699 TI - The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on enzyme synthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a rapid inhibitor of RNA synthesis, was followed on the activity of a number of enzymes in cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Two types of effect were found. In the first the activity continued to rise for a period and then remained constant. This occurred with alkaline phosphatase, basal and derepressed acid phosphatase, hexokinase, and derepressed sucrase and maltase at low cell density. It is consistent with control being exercised by an unstable mRNA or by an unstable stimulator of translocation. In the second the activity increased above the control values for several hours. This occurred with basal sucrase and maltase, and suggests a stable mRNA and an unstable inhibitor of translation. The extent of 'superproduction' of sucrase varied with cell density and with growth medium and this may be due to differences in the degree of translational inhibition. The possiblilty of a stable mRNA has interesting implications for the control of enzyme synthesis through the cell cycle. PMID- 812700 TI - Nitration of tyrosyl residues in human alpha-lactalbumin. Effect on lactose synthase specifier activity. AB - Alpha-Lactalbumin isolated from human milk was reacted with tetranitromethane in molar excess of 8-32 mol/mol of tyrosine. After gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, followed by chromatographic fractionation using DEAE-Sephadex A-25, three main components were separated, which differed from one another in the extent of nitration. These protein fractions were found to contain, respectively, one and two nitrotyrosine residues, or two nitrotyrosine residues together with one nitrotryptophan. The lactose synthase specifier activity of each of these components was measured and compared with that of unsubstituted alpha lactalbumin. Comparison of kinetic parameters showed the chemically modified proteins to be only slightly less active when tyrosines were the sole residues modified. In sharp contrast the additional nitration of a single tryptophan residue totally abolished the specifying activity of alpha-lactalbumin. Circular dichroism spectra of the tryptophan derivative revealed some structural alteration when compared with the other two and with the native protein. The conclusion could also be confirmed by using a double-immunodiffusion technique. After hydrolysis of the derivatives with thermolysin, it was possible to localize the substituted residues in the known sequence of human alpha-lactalbumin. Tyrosine-103 was found to be more easily nitrated than tyrosine-18. These two residues seem, therefore, to be on the outer surface of the molecule and more exposed than tyrosine-36 and tyrosine-50. Some precautions are indicated in the use of tetranitromethane as a nitrating agent on the basis of complex products observed in the nitration of the free amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan and their derivatives. PMID- 812701 TI - Calcium-related changes of enzyme activities in energy metabolism of cultured embryonic chick myoblasts and myotubes. AB - Changes in activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism have been determined in unfused, fused as well as in fusion-inhibited chick embryo muscle cells in vitro. Functionally related enzymes which supposedly are coded by "gene clusters" show a similar degree and rate of enzyme activity increase. Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveal only slight activity changes during muscle cell development under the conditions studied. The elevation of phosphofructokinase can be distinguished from that of the other glycolytic enzymes by its higher rate of increase and from that of phosphorylase by its time course of activity change. The Ca2+ dependence of the phosphorylase activity increase runs parallel to myoblast fusion rate. Experiments in which calcium was removed from cultures which had reached the final morphological state of mature myotubes 24 h after onset of fusion show that increases of enzyme activities are irreversible and that these increases proceed at unchanged rates. Experimental evidence suggest that although fusion and enzyme syntheses may be uncoupled, both are similarly triggered by being dependent on Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 812702 TI - (32P) phosphate incorporation into ATP during ATP hydrolysis and its dependence on the interaction of actin and myosin. AB - The incorporation of 32Pi into ATP has been found to be catalyzed by myosin only when and if it interacts with actin. This exchange reaction is inhibited in natural but not in desensitized actomyosin after removing of trace Ca2+ with ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethyl)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In desensitized as well as in synthetic actomyosin the exchange reaction can be fully inhibited by the addition of troponin I (0.5 mg troponin I/mg actomyosin results in a 50% inhibition) or after replacing the Mg activator by CaCl2. The exchange rate is about 1:500 of the ATPase rate in presence of 2 mM phosphate. These results suggest the existence of an 'energy-rich' actin -- myosin -- nucleoside diphosphate intermediate during the cross-bridge cycle. PMID- 812703 TI - The steady-state kinetics of the oxygenation of linoleic acid catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase. AB - The steady-state kinetics of the oxygenation of linoleic acid catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase-1 were studied. The results showed that lipoxygenase-1 is strongly inhibited by its substrate, linoleic acid. In the presence of the product of the reaction, 13-LS-hydroperoxy-linoleic acid, the substrate inhibition only affects the apparent affinity for O2 and is of a hyperbolic type. A kinetic scheme of the oxygenation reaction is presented, which postulates two substrate-binding sites on the enzyme, one for linoleic acid and one for O2, and a regulatory binding site, which can either bind the product or the fatty acid substrate. Since previous studies indicated that the product of the reaction influences the oxidation state of the iron present in protein, the steady-state kinetics of the native enzyme and of the enzyme pre-incubated with the product were compared. Pre-incubation of the enzyme with the product did not lead to altered steady-state kinetics of the reaction compared to those of the native enzyme. PMID- 812705 TI - Urinary catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormone blood level in the course of severe acute brain damage. AB - Urinary catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormone blood level were studied in 16 patients following severe cerebral trauma. Increased excretion rates of epinephrine and norepinephrine were found. There was no significant difference in the catecholamine excretion when compared with generally traumatized patients. The relationships between catecholamine excretion, increased metabolic rates, and negative nitrogen balance indicate that in patients with a midbrain syndrome there exists an additional diencephalic metabolic factor, which leads to a rise in fat oxidation and perpetuation of catabolism. Early high caloric parenteral nutrition seems to inhibit the initial increase of catecholamine excretion and thus protects the body from an unnecessary breakdown of its own reserves. If the course is classified according to neurological stages, it can be shown that patients with a traumatic apallic syndrome in poor condition have a high increase of catecholamine excretion. Secretion of thyroid hormones is not influenced significantly by cerebral trauma. PMID- 812704 TI - Suitability of non-glucose-carbohydrates for parenteral nutrition. AB - Postoperative parenteral nutrition can only be optimally effective if the characteristics of post-traumatic metabolism are taken into account. Two main possibilities are discussed for the carbohydrate component of parenteral nutrition during this phase: glucose with high doses of insulin or non-glucose carbohydrates (sugar substitutes) possibly in a suitable combination with glucose. The risks as well as the technical and organisational problems involved in the use of them are discussed and the authors prefer the second of the two alternatives. Possible side effects of non-glucose carbohydrates are pointed out and it is shown how these can be avoided by observing dose guidelines. So far a combination of frucose : glucose : xylitol in a ratio of 2 : 1 :1 with a total dose of 0.50 g/kg/hour has been studied most thoroughly. This combination normalises the fat metabolism and improves glucose tolerance without requiring exogenous insulin. Experiences with this combination as well as individual non glucose carbohydrates on operated patients have been given continuously for up to 7 days and in some cases even for several weeks. No side effects, no deviations from a steady state and no abnormal changes of the laboratory values occurred. The authors are of the opinion that non glucose carbohydrates are necessary if the facilities for frequent blood sugar controls are not available. PMID- 812706 TI - The suitability of maltose for parenteral nutrion. AB - Maltose infusion were performed in rats and normal human subjects. Utilisation of maltose in a rat is fairly good. Blood glucose and lactic acid concentrations are elevated during the high dose of maltose in the rat and renal loss is limited to less than 5% of the total amount infused. In the human subject no steady state is reached during the 4 hour continuous infusion and the renal loss of maltose and glucose was 31% of the intravenous load. In contrast to the rat the blood glucose concentration in man did not increase. The metabolic utilisation of maltose in man was however demonstrated by a decrease in inorganic phosphate and serum free fatty acid concentration. It is concluded that maltose is not suited as a fuel for parenteral nutrition because of its low metabolic rate in the human being. PMID- 812707 TI - Prophylaxis of chemically induced epithelial tumors with an aromatic retinoic acid analog (Ro 10-9359). PMID- 812708 TI - Structural repeating units in chromatin. I. Evidence for their general occurrence. PMID- 812709 TI - The autonomous function of germ plasm in a somatic region of the Drosophila egg. PMID- 812710 TI - The amount of nuclear protein synthesis in sea urchin blastulae. PMID- 812711 TI - Membrane renewal after dibucaine deciliation of Tetrahymena. Freeze-fracture technique, cilia, membrane structure. PMID- 812712 TI - Proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by A23187, a streptomyces antibiotic. PMID- 812713 TI - Mechanisms of retinal damage resulting from the exposure of rhesus monkeys to ultrashort laser pulses. PMID- 812714 TI - Ocular effects of clonidine in cats and monkeys (Macaca irus). PMID- 812715 TI - Alterations in carbonic anhydrase of the brain of rats as a function of age. PMID- 812716 TI - Responses of primate dentate neurons to different trajectories of the limb. AB - The activity of neurons in the dentate nucleus of the squirrel monkey was studied during the execution of a controlled, sequential movement that required different trajectories of the forearm. Examination of 207 dentate neurons ipsilateral to the performing limb revealed that over 80% of the neurons isolated were distinctly correlated with performance. The majority of these neurons had a tonic discharge pattern that usually increased coincident with the start of the movement and was maintained throughout most of the performance. A smaller group of cells ahd a burst of activity that was restricted only to a narrow part of the performance. About 30% of the tonic neurons altered their pattern of discharge whenever different limb trajectories were required, but burst cells showed exxentially no change. Detailed analysis of spike patterns revealed that no dentate neurons were phasically correlated with individual flexion-extension cycles of the performance sequence. Dentate neurons appear to be related to some general function of motor performance rather than the actions of joints or muscles used to execute the task. PMID- 812717 TI - [Synkinesis of head and eye movements evoked by brainstem stimulation in the alert monkey]. AB - The synkinesis of head and eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the tectum and tegmentum in the alert monkey is described. In positions where both head and eye movements can be evoked, the two are almost always parallel in direction and they are superimposed on rather than substituted for each other. The directiion of movement depends on the stimulated positions: tilt and turn reactions are distributed according to laterality, direction of vertical movements depends more on the stimulus parameter than the electrode position. Head movements release vestibulo-ocular reflexes, which are superimposed on the electrically evoked eye movements. PMID- 812718 TI - Cortical neuroglia in experimental epilepsy. PMID- 812719 TI - Schistosoma japonicum: immunopathology of nephritis in Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 812720 TI - Conserved message of o-Diphenolase in wheat embryos (Triticum aestivum). PMID- 812721 TI - Involvement of a surface concanavalin A-binding glycoprotein in the adhesion of Trichomonas vaginalis to substrates. AB - Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis with EDTA removes their ability to adhere to glass surfaces and changes their affinity to Concanavalin A (ConA) by a different distribution of their surface structures. Filtrates of the EDTA-treated Trichomonas passed through affinity chromatography columns (ConA bound to Sepharose 4B) separate into 2 fractions, one fraction was bound to the ConA Sepharose beads, the other was not. The Con A - bound fraction appears to be a glycoprotein which restores in a specific way the ability of the EDTA-treated protozoa to adhere to glass. PMID- 812722 TI - The effects of jaundiced plasma and hypercholesterolaemic plasma on vascular sensitivity to injected noradrenaline. AB - Jaundiced plasma and plasma from hyperlipidaemic patients was perfused into an isolated artery or kidney preparation. The responses of the artery to doses of noradrenaline when Krebs solution was perfused were compared to the responses when the plasmas were perfused. It was found that both jaundiced and hyperlipidaemic plasmas potentiated the effects of noradrenaline on the isolated arteries and kidneys. PMID- 812723 TI - Relative distribution of types A and B atrial receptors in dogs, cats, monkeys and rabbits. PMID- 812725 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity among monoclonal IgM: observations on guinea-pig sera. AB - Antisera against purified monoclonal IgM from patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were raised in guinea-pigs. Absorption with normal human serum and heterologous macroglobulinemic serum resulted in an antiserum to a subgroup present in 5 of 54 sera. PMID- 812724 TI - Depletion of heart norepinephrine in experimental acute myocarditis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The norepinephrine content of the heart was reduced to undetectable values in rats inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi. This fact indicates a massive involvement of the cardiac postganglionic sympathetic fibres in acute Chagas disease. PMID- 812727 TI - Role of amino acids on the growth and lipase production of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - A study was conducted on the requirement of amino acids for the growth of S. faecalis and its lipase production. Arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, tryptophane and valine were found to be essential, with alanine, glycine, lysine and serine as stimulatory and aspartic acid, cystine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine as non-essential for both growth and lipase synthesis. PMID- 812726 TI - A simple titration assay for anti-concanavalin A sera. AB - A method for the titration of anti-Con A sera is described. The test is based on the fact that agglutination of Con A-coated human erythrocytes can be prevented by agitation; subsequent addition of Con A-specific antisera and IgG to Con A coated cells leads to immediate clumping. PMID- 812728 TI - Patterns of membrane organization in toad bladder epithelium: a freeze-fracture study. AB - Two cell-types of toad bladder epithelium show uncommon plasma membrane organization in freeze-fractured specimens. One type, the granular cell, contains a plasma membrane in which the A-face is poorly particulate luminally while the B face discloses multiple large particles at this site. In contrast, the lateral and basal portions of the granular-cell membrane are typical in that more particles occupy the A-face than the B-face. In the other cell-type, which is mitochondria-rich, the plasma membrane, luminally, laterally, and basally, contains rod-shaped and a few globular particles in the A-face. We suggest that these two peculiar membrane organizations be considered in the localization of both vasopressin and aldosterone action in toad bladder. PMID- 812729 TI - X-ray microanalysis of mast cells in rat's muscle. AB - Mast cells from rat's tongue muscles, fixed with glutaraldehyde only, were examined with an electron microscopic microanalyzer - the EMMA-4. With the preparatory method used, high emissions of a number of elements were obtained in various intracellular spots. The granules of mast cells were found to contain strictly localized high concentrations of sulphur, calcium and zinc. PMID- 812730 TI - Demonstration of gap junctions by lanthanum in the vitamin A acid-treated skin tumor, keratoacanthoma. AB - In normal rabbit epidermis or in the untreated skin tumor, keratoacanthoma the usual cell junction is the desmosome. Gap junctions are very sparse. The extracellular tracer material, lanthanum nitrate was used to confirm the definite identification and increase of gap junctions in the vitamin A acid-treated keratoacanthoma. Without the use of lanthanum, the gap may not be always apparent in conventional thin sections and can be confused with the zonula occludens. PMID- 812731 TI - Mechanisms of destruction of human Rhesus sensitized red blood cells. AB - In order to determine the phagocytosis of human anti-D coated red cells we adopted a quantitative technique for its measurement using human erythrocytes labelled with 51Cr-chromate to support the assumption that erythrophagocytosis is one of the main mechanisms by which IgG-anti-D-antibody coated red cells are destroyed. PMID- 812732 TI - Glaucoma--a classic treatise--part 5. PMID- 812733 TI - Central mechanisms of vision: parallel processing. AB - Despite repeated attempts by several laboratories to discover increasingly complex "feature detector" neurons in higher visual centers of mammals, there has been little convincing evidence for the existence of such neurons. What had been reported instead is that many neurons in higher centers show less rather than more specificity when compared with cells in areas 17, 18 and 19. Studies in mammalian retina have revealed multiple processing systems apparently operating in parallel at the level of the ganglion cells. Striate cortex receives at least two different kinds of visual input from the lateral geniculate, and sends at least two different parallel outputs to other brain regions. Within striate cortex there is some segregation of different functional cell types in separate layers. The accumulated evidence suggests the existence of parallel visual processing mechanisms beginning in mammalian retina and extending through striate cortex to higher cortical centers. The notion of separate processing systems for the detection of different features in the visual world recalls earlier work by Lettvin, Maturana, McCulloch and Pitts concerning visual processing in the frog retina and optic tectum. PMID- 812734 TI - Organization of the visual cortex: comparative anatomical and behavioral studies. AB - In all mammals there are two parallel visual pathways ascending to the cortex: the geniculostriate system and the tectopulvinar system. However, there is a difference among mammals in the locus and extent of the cortical target of the tectopulvinar path. In several diverse species such as squirrel and tree shrew the cortical target of the tectopulvinar system lies adjacent to area 17 and extends into the temporal lobe; but areas 18 and 19 do not receive fibers from the tectorecipient zone of the pulvinar in Galago and presumably in all primates. This anatomical difference may account for the drastic sensory effect of removing area 17 in primates, and the failure to find marked sensory changes in tree shrews or squirrels deprived of the geniculostriate system. PMID- 812736 TI - [Changes in the rhythm of cardiac contractions upon stimulation of nuclei of the striopallidal system in chronic experiments with monkeys]. PMID- 812735 TI - [Double cholinergic and adrenergic regulation of cerebral blood flow]. AB - Cerebral vascular tonus was measurably influenced by both alpha or beta adrenergic blockade and by inhibition of cerebrovascular acetylcholine or acetylcholinesterase. Cerebral autoregulatory response was significantly affected by intravenous injection of PBZ, intravertabral and intravenous injection of PPL and intravertebral and intracarotid injection of neostigmine. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity to changes in aPCO2 was altered significantly by intravertebral injection of PPL, atropine, and neostigmine. The doses of intravenous PBZ injections were large (1.5 mg/kg) so that PBZ not only blocked peripheral alpha adrenergic receptor sites in the cerebrovascular system but probably also those possibly located in the brain stem (vertebrobasilar territory). The functional significance of a double cholinergic and adrenergic neuronal system located in the brain stem influencing CBF appears to have been established. PMID- 812737 TI - [Results of the gonorrhea treatment with Sulprim]. PMID- 812738 TI - Regulation of acid phosphatase activity in the ovary of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 812739 TI - Developmental defects of female-sterile mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 812740 TI - Control of microtubule pattern during the development of a large organelle in the ciliate Nassula. PMID- 812741 TI - Fate mapping of nervous system and other internal tissues in genetic mosaics of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 812742 TI - The control of prepupal puffing patterns in vitro; implications for prepupal ecdysone titres in Drosophilia melanogaster. PMID- 812743 TI - Further data on HBs subtypes: geographical distribution. AB - 1123 HBs antigens from silent carriers of different parts of Europe, Africa and Asia were subtyped and classed in the eight categories previously described: a1y(w1), a2yl(w2), a2(3)y(w3), a3y(w4), ayr, a2ld(w2), a3d(w4) and adr: We have showed that w can be subdivided into the system of a subdeterminants, but for the present time, we do not know if r is a fifth subdeterminant of a. Subtyping was performed by CIEP and by ID using antisera from guinea pigs and goats immunized with selected HBs antigens. With these 8 categories it is possible to greatly increase our knowledge about the geographical distribution of HBs antigen: in Africa six areas can be distinguished: North Africa with a predominance of a2ly(w2) (75%) and with none a3y(w4); areas between North and West Africa where a2ly(w2) and a3y(4) represent respectively 62.8% and 25.7%; West Africa with a great predominance of a3y(w4) (84.5%); Central Africa with less a3y(w4) (53.4%), appearance of a2ld(w2) (8.7%) and presence of a2ly(w2) (37%); East Africa appears to be especially a2ld(w) (only 3 sera from Burundi); South Africa with a great predominance of a2ld(w2) (86%) and with ay subtype represented by a2(3)y(w3), very exceptional in the other parts of Africa. In France, The Netherlands, Hungary, a2ld(w) subtype is predominant, respectively 73.3%, 74% and 63%, a2(3)y(w3) is the main ay subtype in France and the only one in The Netherlands whereas in Hungary the same amount of a2ly(w) and a2(3)(w) is encountered. In Rumania, Italy and Greece, a great predominance of ay subtype is found (80%): a2ly(w2) is predominant in Rumania (66%) and Italy (as in North Africa) whereas a weak predominance of a2(3)y(w3) over a2ly(w2) is found in Greece. In the Antilles, 75% of a2ld(w2) are encountered. In the Far East, a great predominance of adr is found in Laos, Japan and Thailand (100% and 84% respectively) but no adr is encountered in Vietnam where 8 a1y(w1) and 1 ayr are found of of 11 HBs sera. This a1y(w1) subtype has also been found, although infrequently, in some countries of Africa. Among French people who have lived in Africa, many examples are found which show that the HBs subtype is related to the country and does not seen to depend on the host. Among the French who have been contaminated in Indochina all are carriers of adr HBsAg and none exhibits an a1y(w1) subtype. PMID- 812744 TI - Transmission of hepatitis B to the rhesus monkey. AB - The rhesus monkey does provide a suitable laboratory animal model for studying hepatitis B virus and for investigating various aspects of interaction between this infectious agent and the host. This species of non-human primate, however, offers a less sensitive animal model for hepatitis B infection than the chimpanzee. PMID- 812745 TI - Hepatitis A in marmosets. AB - Transmission of hepatitis agents was attempted in marmosets. The Barker hepatitis agent could be serially propagated with difficulty while the Berlin agent consistently induced a striking biochemical and morphological hepatitis in the inoculated animals. Direct inoculation of marmosets with human hepatitis sera produced irregular enzyme changes, but these could not be transmitted in serial passage. PMID- 812746 TI - Demonstration of infectivity in marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis A. AB - Experimental infection of marmosets with marmoset serum (Berlin strain) suggests that the liver is not necessarily the primary site of virus replication since infectivity is found in blood long before the clinical onset of hepatitis. PMID- 812747 TI - Present and future trends in the laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis. AB - The development of sensitive, specific, serological techniques for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has resulted in the clarification of diverse aspects of the epidemiology of hepatitis type B. It is also provided a means whereby blood donors, potentially infected with the heaptitis B virus, may be screened out of the blood donating population, thus reducing the risk of transmitting hepatitis type B through the administration of blood and blood products. Immunoelectro-osmophoresis (IEOP) has been the most widely used technique for the large-scale testing of samples for HBsAg, such as required in blood transfusion centres. However, it has become increasingly evident that a considerable number of infectious units of blood are not detected by this method. Consequently, more sensitive techniques have been developed. Among these, the most promising are the reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures. The most sensitive methods for the detection of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) are passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. The application of these newly developed, highly sensitive procedures for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs to seroepidemiological studies has resulted in a considerable extension of our knowledge of the natural history of hepatitis type B, and further reduction in the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH). However, preliminary data suggest that even the most sensitive test for HBsAg will not detect all units of blood capable of transmitting PTH. The residual, potentially infectious units may possible be identified by applying tests for the detection of antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen, or by developing techniques for the identification of other agenst, including hepatitis type A, which may be implicated in the transmission of hepatitis through blood transfusion. PMID- 812748 TI - Evaluation of different techniques for the demonstration of hepatitis B antigen, with special reference to a modified Hepanosticon test. AB - Comparison of the features of the Hepanosticon, micro-Hepanosticon and Auscell techniques. The serum of 17,000 blood donors of the Amsterdam Blood Bank were tested. Using the micro-Hepanosticon method, 4.5% were false positive with fresh serum, but only 1.5% when the sera were frozen and stored before testing. The authors conclude that the agar gel diffusion, the hemagglutination-inhibition and the Austria II techniques are the most specific, although 1.5% false-positive results must be accepted. The micro-Hepanosticon method offers the great advantage of being the most economical. PMID- 812749 TI - Discordance of diabetic microangiopathy in identical twins. AB - In a pair of 19-year-old monozygotic twin girls, one developed insulin-dependent, ketosis-prone diabetes at the age of three and has required insulin for the past 16 years. Her identical twin has maintained normal oral and intravenous glucose tolerance with normal insulin release and glucagon suppression. An unequivocal hypertrophy of the muscle capillary basement membrane (1,800 +/- 148 A) was dound in the diabetic twin, while a normal thickness of 1,149 +/- 62 A was present in her nondiabetic sister. Follow-up of the present subjects and data from other discordant identical twins who have reached adulthood could determine whether muscle capillary basement membrane hypertrophy is an independent marker of genetic diabetes in adults. Discordance of diabetic microangiopathy in a pair of monozygotic twins has important implications regarding the influence of heredity and environment on diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 812750 TI - The treatment of childhood epilepsy with sodium valproate. PMID- 812751 TI - Diverticulation of the cerebral ventricles: a cause of progressive focal encephalopathy. AB - Diverticulation of the lateral ventricles of the brain has received little attention in the literature on hydrocephalus. From clinical observations on one child and one adult with diverticulation, it is apparent that force of CSF within the diverticulum is greater than that against the normal parts of the ventricular wall. In both cases, regression of focal symptoms occurred after insertion of a shunt. PMID- 812752 TI - Avoidance of shunt dependency in hydrocephalus. AB - An approach to the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus is proposed which is intended to reduce or eliminate shunt dependency by increasing the effectiveness of remaining pathways of absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In suitable cases, intermittent cranial compression by means of an elastic bandage or a helmet with an inflatable inner-lining may be effective. Hydrocephalus was arrested in nine of 14 children treated with this method, eight of whom have developed normally. When cranial compression is contra-indicated or not successful, the preferred method of treatment is an 'on-off' type of valve which is used intermittently to drain a fixed volume of cerebrospinal fluid. Of 18 children who had such shunts inserted, 10 have become totally independent of their shunts and their hydrocephalus has become compensated. All are of normal intelligence. Subtemporal craniectomy was performed on seven shunt-dependent children with recurrent catheter obstruction. Four have been followed for six months and three for two years and in no case has there been further malfunction of the proximal catheter. PMID- 812753 TI - Expanding ventricular shunts for hydrocephalus in infancy and childhood. AB - Expanding, adult-length catheters to accommodate continuing somatic growth have been implanted in the course of shunts, either to the heart or peritoneum, in 12 hydrocephalic infants and young children. Three of four patients with direct cardiac shunts are doing well 22, 28 and 30 months following primary shunt operations, and five of eight patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts are progressing favourably four to 10 months after shunt placement. While no claims can be made for long-term benefits, the preliminary results of these procedures are encouraging. PMID- 812754 TI - Synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen in patients with protein-losing enteropathy and in a patient recovering from protein malnutrition. AB - Using the 14C carbonate method of McFarlane, the synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen were determined in four patients with protein-losing enteropathy, in one patient during the recovery phase after severe protein malabsorption and in nine control patients. The following results were obtained: (1) The synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen were significantly increased in all patients studied. (2) All patients had low serum albumin levels. The increase in albumin synthesis rate was remarkably uniform in all patients, the average being 645 mg/kg/day or 2.7 times the mean control value. (3) Plasma fibrinogen levels were normal in all patients. The fibrinogen synthesis rate varied over a wide range from 42.1 to 199.3 mg/kg/day, i.e. 2-8.5 times the control value. PMID- 812755 TI - Inhibition of sulphonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion by beta adrenergic blockage. AB - Normal dogs were injected i.v. with a single dose of 0.25 mg/kg sodium salt of HB 419 (Glibenclamide). Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured at stated intervals over a period of two hours. The rise in insulin, but not the hypoglycemic response was abolished in peripheral blood when the animals were pretreated with a single i.v. injection of either 0.1 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg dl propranolol, 30 min prior to the administration of HB 419. The d-isomer of propranolol was ineffective in this respect. These results indicate that a) the mechanism by which propranolol inhibits sulphonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion involves beta adrenergic receptors; and b) the hypoglycemia produced by HB 419 in the presence of propranolol could be the result of extrapancreatic effects. Since the possibility of an early rise in the insulin concentration of portal blood was not excluded in our present series of experiments, final proof will have to be provided by studies in totally pancreatectomized dogs. PMID- 812757 TI - Actinomycin D-sensitive periods in the differentiation of Drosophila neurons and muscle cells in vitro. AB - Observations were made of neuroblasts differentiating into neurons, and myoblasts differentiating into myocytes in cultures of embryonic Drosophila cells. Axons greater than 50 mum long appeared in vitro between 7.5 and 16.5 h, and pulsating myocytes appeared between 12.5 and 23.5 h. Actinomycin D treatment prevented neuroblasts and myoblasts from proceeding in differentiation. Neurons became resistant to actinomycin D when they reached the stage of axon initiation, and axon elongation was not actinomycin D-sensitive. Myocytes were sensitive to actinomycin D until they attained the ability to pulsate, and ongoing pulsations were not halted by the drug. Autoradiographs and controls indicated that actinomycin D prevented uridine incorporation by about 90% but prevented leucine and thymidine incorporation by 6% or less in these cells. The result favour the interpretation that transcription is necessary in neuron differentation up to the point of axon initiation and in myocytes up to the point where pulsations can begin. Since ribosomal RNA synthesis is unnecessary for these differentiations, necessary RNA synthesis would be messenger or transfer RNA, or RNA of unknown identity. PMID- 812758 TI - [Experimental psychiatry in monkeys]. PMID- 812756 TI - Insulin secretion in the perinatal period of the rat in vivo and in vitro effects of glucose and gibenclamide (HB 419). AB - During the perinatal period of the rat the effect of glucose and glibenclamide (HB 419) on the secretion of insulin was studied in vivo and in vitro. In the in vitro experiments isolated islets of 21 day old fetal and 5 day old newborn rats were perifused wtih 16.7 mM glucose or 16.7 mM glucose plus 1 mug/ml glibenclamide, while in the in vivo ecperiments glucose, 0.5 g/kg of body weight, or glibenclamide, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight were tested. Glucose elicited a small first phase of insulin release in 21 days old fetal islets, while glucose plus glibenclamide evoked a biphasic pattern. The injection of glibenclamide to the mother lowered the blood sugar in the fetus and increased the fetal serum insulin concentration. In one day old newborn rats glibenclamide stimulated the secretion of insulin after an i.p. injection. Glucose was without effect. Both substances increaseded the serum insulin concentration in five day old newborn animals. Dynamic studies at that age revealed a monophasic response to glucose and a biphasic pattern to glucose plus glibenclamide. PMID- 812759 TI - Mediastinal histoplasmosis with esophageal abscess. Two case reports. AB - Two patients were seen with Histoplasma capsulatum infection of mediastinal nodes which had eroded into the esophagus to produce dysphagia. Fungal serologies were of value in the diagnosis in one of the patients. Both patients responded well to amphotericin B therapy. A traction diverticulum was noted to follow healing in 1 patient. PMID- 812760 TI - Hepatic toxicity in the rhesus monkey treated with chenodeoxycholic acid for 6 months: biochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - The long term administration of chenodeoxycholic acid in man has to be regarded with caution because chenodeoxycholic acid has caused liver damage in various species of animals, including primates. To study the effect of three doses of chenodeoxycholic acid (10, 40, and 100 mg per kg per day) on hepatic function and morphology, biliary bile acid composition and the reversibility of changes were investigated in 22 rhesus monkeys. After 6 months of treatment with 40 and 100 mg per kg per day, bile duct proliferation, portal tract inflammation and fibrosis, bile canalicular bleb formation, and hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were associated with elevated serum levels of oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and leucine aminopeptidase. In the bile, the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid and its bacterial metabolite, lithocholic acid, rose to approximately 85 and 10% of the total bile acids. After chenodeoxycholic acid was withdrawn for 3 months, the hepatic morphological lesions persisted in some animals although biliary bile acid composition returned to normal. No hepatic abnormalities were seen in the animals treated with 10 mg per kg per day. The findings suggest that long term treatment of rhesus monkeys with high doses of chenodeoxycholic acid results in severe hepatic histological lesions that can persist after discontinuation of the bile acid. PMID- 812761 TI - Use of a spring wire guide to by-pass Zenker's diverticulum in peroral endoscopy. PMID- 812762 TI - Influence of environmental salinity on renal and adrenocortical function in the toad, Bufo marinus. PMID- 812763 TI - Synthesis of juvenile hormone binding proteins by the fat body of Manduca sexta. PMID- 812764 TI - Allelic negative complementation at the Abruptex locus of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The mutations of the Abruptex locus in Drosophila melanogaster fall into three categories. There are recessive lethal alleles and viable alleles. The latter can be divided into suppressors and nonsuppressors of Notch mutations. The recessive lethals are lethal in heterozygous combination with Notch. As a rule the recessive lethals are lethal also in heterozygous combination with the viable alleles. Heterozygous combinations of certain viable alleles are also lethal. In such heterozygotes, one heteroallele is a suppressor of Notch and the other is a nonsuppressor. Other heterozygous combinations of viable alleles are viable and have an Abruptex phenotype. The insertion of the wild allele of the Abruptex locus as an extra dose (carried by a duplication) into the chromosomal complement of the fly fully restores the viability of the otherwise lethal heterozygotes if two viable alleles are involved. The extra wild allele also restores the viability of heterozygotes in which a lethal and a suppressor allele are present. If, however, a lethal and a nonsuppressor are involved, the wild allele only partly restores the viability, and the effect of the wild allele is weakest if two lethal alleles are involved. It seems likely that of the viable alleles the suppressors of Notch are hypermorphic and the nonsuppressors are hypomorphic. The lethal alleles share properties of both types, and are possibly antimorphic mutations. It is suggested that the locus is responsible for a single function which, however, consists of two components. The hypermorphic mutations are defects of the one component and the hypomorphic mutations of the other. In heterozygotes their cumulative action leads to decreased viability. The lethal alleles are supposed to be defects of the function as a whole. The function controlled by the locus might be a regulative function. PMID- 812765 TI - Maleless, a recessive autosomal mutant of Drosophila melanogaster that specifically kills male zygotes. AB - A second chromosome male-specific lethal gene, maleless (mle), in D. melanogaster is described. It kills males but not females in homozygous condition, regardless of whether female parents are heterozygous or homozygous for mle. Many, if not most, homozygous males survive up to the third instar larval stage, but cannot pupate and die eventually as larvae. No interactions with sex-transforming genes, tra and dsx, were observed. It is proposed that mle interacts with a gene(s) on the X chromosome, which is not dosage compensated. PMID- 812766 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutations of the notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Temperature-conditional mutations of the Notch locus were characterized in an attempt to understand the organization of a "complex locus" and the control of its function in development. Among 21 newly induced Notch alleles, about one-half are temperature-conditional for some effects, and three are temperature-sensitive for viability. One temperature-sensitive lethal, l(1)Nts1, is functionally non complementing for all known effects of Notch locus mutations and maps at a single site within the locus. Among the existing alleles involved in complex patterns of interallelic complementation, Ax59d5 is found to be temperature-sensitive, while fag, spl, and l(1)N are temperature-independent. Whereas temperature-sensitive alleles map predominantly to the right-most fifth of the locus, fag, spl, and l(1)N are known to map to the left of this region. Temperature-shift experiments demonstrate that fag, spl, and l(1)N cause defects at specific, non-overlapping times in development. -- We conclude (1) that the Notch locus is a single cistron (responsible for a single functional molecule, presumably a polypeptide); (2) that the right-most fifth of the locus is, at least in part, the region involved in coding for the Notch product; (3) that the complexity of interallelic complementation is a developmental effect of mutations that cause defects at selected times and spaces, and that complementation occurs because the mutant defects are temporally and spatially non-overlapping; and (4) that mutants express selected defects due to critical temporal and spatial differences in the chemical conditions controlling the synthesis or function of the Notch product. The complexity of the locus appears to reside in controlling the expression (synthesis or function) of the Notch product in development. PMID- 812767 TI - Selection for high adult body weight in Drosophila populations with different structures. AB - Selection for high adult body weight in Drosophila melanogaster was practiced for 18 generations in three selection lines. These lines were genetically similar and of equal size but different in population structure. One line represented a large mass-selected, random-mating population, while the other two lines simulated large populations that had been subdivided into partial isolates or demes. Mass selection and random mating occurred within each deme. These two subdivided lines were different only in the rate of effective migration among the demes (5% and 10%). Selection intensities of approximately 20% were applied to these populations. A fourth line served as a random mating control. Heritability of adult body weight in the base population was estimated to be 0.58 plus or minus 0.22. The results indicate that significantly greater responses were achieved in the subdivided lines than in the large mass-selected line, in spite of the fact that larger selection differentials were applied to the latter. No significant differences in response were observed between the two subdivided lines. Wright (1930, 1931) postulated that selection would be most efficient in subdivided populations with limited interdeme migration. The present findings appear to support this theory. PMID- 812768 TI - Negative complementation at the notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Four Abruptex alleles (AxE1, AxE2, Ax9B2, and Ax16172) have been mapped within the Notch locus. Based on their visible phenotypes and their interactions with one another and with N mutations, the Ax alleles can be divided into two groups. Heterozygous combinations of members of the same group are intermediate in phenotype compared to the respective homozygotes, whereas heterozygotes of Ax alleles from different groups exhibit negative heterosis, being much less viable and more extremely mutant than either homozygote. It is suggested that the Notch locus is a multi-functional regulator ("integrator") gene, whose product possesses both "repressor" and "activator" functions for the processes it regulates. PMID- 812769 TI - Compound autosomes in Drosophila melanogaster: The meiotic behavior of compound thirds. AB - Studies of the meiotic distribution of compound-3 chromosomes in males and females of Drosophila melanogaster provided the following results. (1) From females homozygous for the standard arrangement of all chromosomes other than C(3L) and C(3R), less than 5% of the gametes recovered were nullosomic or disomic for compound-3 chromosomes. The frequency of nonsegregation differed between strains, but within a given strain it remained relatively constant. (2) According to egg-hatch frequencies, C(3L) and C(3R) segregate independently during spermatogenesis. (3) In females, structurally heterozygous second chromosomes occasion a marked increase in the recovery of nonsegregational progeny; in males, rearranged seconds have no apparent influence on the distribution of compound thirds. (4) The highest frequencies of nonsegregational progeny were recovered from C(3L);C(3R) females carrying compound-X (plus free Y) chromosomes. (5) In comparing the recovery of nonsegregating compound thirds to the recovery of rearranged heterologs, a definite nonrandom distribution was realized in several crosses. These results are examined in reference to the concepts of distributive pairing (Grell 1962). Moreover, considering the structural nature of compound autosomes, we propose that nonhomologous (distributive) pairing is a property of the centromeric region and suggest that rearrangements involving breaks in this region possibly alter the effectiveness of distributive pairing forces. PMID- 812770 TI - Elements causing male crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A second chromosome line of Drosophila melanogaster (Symbol: T-007) has previously been shown to be responsible for the induction of male recombination. In the present investigation, the genetic elements responsible for this phenomenon have been partially identified and mapped. A major element (Symbol: Mr, for Male recombination) locates on the second chromosome between the pr (2L 54.4) and c (2R-75.5) loci and is responsible for the large majority of male recombination. In addition, there appear to be "secondary elements" present which have the ability to induce male recombination in much reduced frequencies and which are diluted out through successive back-cross generations when Mr is removed by recombination. The possible nature of these "secondary elements" is discussed. PMID- 812771 TI - Interpretation of data obtained with recombination-defective meiotic mutants. AB - According to probability laws, additive interaction between factors influencing recombination frequency suggests that the factors affect the same event. This analysis, applied to Carpenter and Sandler's (1974) data, permits separation of different sequential events during establishment of preconditions for exchange. The validity of another mathematical model for meiotic mutant characterization, suggested by those authors, is discussed. PMID- 812772 TI - The gene action and function of two dopa oxidase positive melanocyte mutants of the fowl. AB - Ultrastructural and autoradiographic analysis revealed the developmental genetic differences between the dopa oxidase positive pk and I mutations of the fowl. The differences were revealed by the results of five measurements involving homozygous mutant melanocytes, heterozygous melanocytes, and standard melanocytes at each of the loci. The measurements were: ultrastructural comparisons of melanosomes in pigmented epithelial (PE) and neural crest derived (NC) melanocytes, the number of 3H-dopa and 3H-leucine grains/mu2 of melanosome, the 3H-dopa/3H-leucine ratio, and the percentage of cytoplasmic 3H-leucine grains that were melanosomal. The pk mutation altered both PE and NC melanosomes. +/pk melanocytes were characterized by suppressed 3H-dopa/mu2 and 3H-dopa/3H-leucine values. +/pk cells, however, had the same percentage of melanosomal 3H-leucine grains as the "pk" standard. The I mutation altered only NC melanosomes. +/I melanocytes were characterized by 3H-dopa/mu2 and 3H-dopa/3H-leucine values similar to the "I" standard. +/I cells had a lower percentage of melanosomal 3H leucine grains that the "I" standard, however. These data suggest that pk is a structural mutation affecting melanin binding to the premelanosome, while I seems to be a control gene mutation partially suppressing the production of premelanosomal components in NC melanocytes. PMID- 812773 TI - Induction and transmission of a merodiploid condition near the terminal area of the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A small fraction (about 0.5%) of the transformants for a particular marker of B. subtilis (ilvA4; most probably a deletion) were found to be relatively unstable merodiploids. They possess a redundancy of the metB-ilvA chromosome segment. When their DNA is used as donor in transformation a merodiploid condition for the whole of this segment is created in all ilvA4+ transformants. For several of the duplicated loci both copies often are of recipient strain origin. Markers originally belonging to different copies of the diploidized region can be cotransferred in PBS1-mediated transduction. The data are well in agreement with the hypothesis that the merodiploids carry a tandem duplication. An alternative hypothesis which does not call for integration of the exogenote within the recipient chromosome was also considered. Models are proposed for interpreting the segregation of the merodiploids, the transmission of the diploid state and its generation during transformation of the ilvA4 marker by wild-type DNA. PMID- 812774 TI - Genetic damage at specific gene loci in Drosophila with betatron X-rays. AB - The mutation rate was determined for mature sperm at eight specific gene loci on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster using the low ion density radiations of 22 Mev betatron X-rays. A dose of 3000 rads of betatron X-rays produced a mutation rate of 4.36 X 10(-8) per rad/locus. Among the mutations observed, 66% were recessive lethals and 34% viable when homozygous. Only one of the 24 viable mutations was associated with a chromosome aberration. Among the 47 recessive lethals, no two-break aberrations were detected in 48.9% of the lethals, deletions were associated with 42.2%, inversions with 6.7% and translocations with 2.2%.-When these genetic results are compared to those for 250 KV X-rays, the mutation rate for betatron treatments was slightly lower (.76), the recessive lethal rate among induced mutations was higher, and the chromosome aberrations among lethal mutations were slightly lower than with 250 KV X-rays. Although the two types of irradiations differ by an ion density of approximately ten, the amount and types of inheritable genetic damage induced by the two radiations in mature sperm were not significantly different. PMID- 812775 TI - Studies on the mutation abnormal oocyte and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Sandler (1970) suggested that mutation, abnormal oocyte (abo:2-38), may influence the function of the ribosomal RNA cistrons. We have examined the abo mutation and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that the expression of the abo phenotype is unstable under the appropriate conditions, a behavior which paralleled changes in the phenotypic expression of bobbed mutations during the magnification of the ribosomal DNA. The change in the expression of the abo phenotype is correlated with an increase in the redundancy of the ribosomal cistrons, further suggesting a functional interaction of the abo and bobbed regions. PMID- 812777 TI - Therapeutic nihilism and other rationalizations for avoiding the issues in health care. PMID- 812776 TI - Genetic analysis of the 5S RNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The 5S RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster in either an isogenic wildtype or a multiply inverted (SM1) chromosome 2 increase their multiplicity when opposite a deficiency for the 5S gene site. This is analogous to the compensation phenomenon previously described for the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes of the X chromosome nucleolus organizer region. Molecular hybridization of 5S RNA to DNA containing various doses of the 56F1-9 region of chromosome 2 demonstrates that most, if not all, of the 5S genes reside in or near this region. Also, a deficiency missing approximately one-half of the wild-type number of 5S genes was isolated and genetically localized. This mutant has a phenotype like that of bobbed, a mutant known to be partially deficient in 18S and 28S ribosomal RAN genes. Finally, we report the existence of a chromosomal rearrangement which splits the second chromosome into two segments, each containing 5S DNA. PMID- 812778 TI - The unit coordinator-resident assistant: an alternate staffing pattern for long term health care. PMID- 812779 TI - Proceedings: Distribution of gut hormones. PMID- 812780 TI - Proceedings: Treatment of ulcerative colitis with disodium cromoglycate: a long term double-blind clinical trial. PMID- 812781 TI - [Haematology, haemostasis, and tissue repair]. PMID- 812782 TI - Turbidimetry as a method for studying in vitro human platelet lysis by antibodies. PMID- 812783 TI - Thrombin-induced calcium and magnesium platelet release and clot retraction. PMID- 812784 TI - Hyperbasophilic cells in malignant lymphomas. PMID- 812785 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: ferrokinetic remarks. PMID- 812786 TI - A biodegradable tendon gliding device. PMID- 812787 TI - [Psychiatric and behavioral aspects of the thyroid axis]. PMID- 812788 TI - Attempts at differentiation of the structure of neurons in the corpus geniculatum laterale of the pig by the immunocytochemical technique. AB - The investigations were carried out on the corpus geniculatum laterale of the pig with the aim to differentiate the structure of its neurons on the basis of the antigenic properties of the nervous tissue. The antigenic material consisted of the homogenate of the corpus geniculatum laterale (H) and of its nuclear (P1) and mitochondrial (P2) fractions. The antigens were used to immunize 3 groups of rabbits, the 4th one serving as control. The antigens were prepared according to requirements of the technique. By immunization of the rabbits with the antigens immune sera were obtained. These sera were processed in accordance with the requirements of the technique. The authors conducted the studies employing the immunofluorescent technique after Coons with the use of the anti-rabbit IgG goat serum conjugated with fluorescein, as well as the immunohistochemical method according to Nakane with the use of the antibodies labelled with horseradish peroxidase. The investigations led the authors to conclude that H as well as P1 and P2 possess distinct antigenic traits. Moreover, the findings of the immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical tests in which the anti-H serum was used point to the localization of the antigen in the following nerve structures: neuron perikaryons, glia cells, and nerve fibres. On the other hand, the application of anti-P1 and anti-P2 sera permitted the antigens to be localized in the peripheral areas of the neuron nuclei and in the mitochondria. The results obtained with the immunofluorescent technique were in agreement with those produced immunohistochemically. PMID- 812789 TI - [Parenteral feeding. Biochemical and clinical findings during continuous infusion of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol. 1. Own studies and results]. PMID- 812790 TI - [TRH test in patients with thyroid disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 812791 TI - Effects of kryptopyrrole on porphyrin synthesis in Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - We investigated the effects of exogenous 5-aminolaevulinate and kryptopyrrole, separately and together, on the porphyrin synthesis of Bacillus subtilis 168. It was confirmed that 5-aminolaevulinate increases the porphyrin content of the culture fluid in the way previously described. In comparison with the basic activity of the bacteria, kryptopyrrole enhances the amount of extracellular copro III, uro III and 5-carboxyl porphyrins. The combination of 5 aminolaevulinate and kryptopyrrole enhances the porphyrin synthesis; moreover, a more pronounced increased in porphyrin synthesis occurs if the kryptopyrrole solution used is rich in its oxidation products. In this latter case, the amount of 5,6,7-carboxylic porphyrins increases markedly along with uro III and particularly copro III, while suburoporphyrins also makes their appearance. An hypothesis is advanced to explain tentatively the increase in the porphyrin synthesis provoked by kryptopyrrole. PMID- 812793 TI - [Synthesis and spectroscopic investigation of Namide-ethylthyroliberin (author's transl)]. AB - A synthesis of Namide-ethylthroliberin is described. The structure of this analog of thyroliberin is proved by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and circular dichroism. It shows, compared to the natural hormone still considerable thyrotropin-releasing activity. PMID- 812792 TI - [Purification and characterization of chloroplast carbonate dehydratase from leaves of Lactuca sativa (author's transl)]. AB - Two isoenzymes of carbonate dehydratase were identified in green leaf tissue of Lactuca sativa. Their molecular weights were found to be 195 000 and 250 000. The lighter isoenzyme (I) was further characterized. It is localized in the chloroplast fraction. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulphate, subunits with a molecular weight of 34 000 and higher aggregates of this size could be detected. This is interpreted as an indication of an hexameric enzyme structure. The 900-fold purified polymer contained 5 - 6 atoms of zinc. Amino acid composition and inhibition by acetazolamide (Diamox), cyanide, nitrate, azide and ferricyanide are described. PMID- 812794 TI - Hospital operating margins. PMID- 812795 TI - Formation and endogenous sulphated compounds from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5' phosphosulphate in rat brain. PMID- 812796 TI - Evidence for double stranded RNA region in macrophage antigen-binding RNP. PMID- 812797 TI - Coliphage T2 neutralization by 7S antibody and C1. PMID- 812798 TI - On the function of lecithin and lecithin substitutes in the immune precipitation reaction of galactosyl lipids. PMID- 812799 TI - The in vivo opsonizing activity of Fab mu and F(c)5 mu fragments of pig immunoglobulin M to Escherichia coli 0 55 in newborn, precolostral piglets. PMID- 812800 TI - Different behaviour of immunoglobulin M poor in carbohydrate and native immunoglobulin M during dissociation and reassociation in vitro. PMID- 812801 TI - A new lambda-chain gene. PMID- 812802 TI - Factors affecting chain-interactions in immunoglobulins and their significance in cold-agglutinin activity. PMID- 812803 TI - Allotypes of rat immunoglobulins--III: an allotype of the gamma2b-chain locus. PMID- 812804 TI - Tryptic cleavage of IgD at elevated temperature and isolation of a Fc-like fragment in high yield. PMID- 812805 TI - Radioimmunoassay of class-specific antibodies (RIACA): chicken antibodies to bovine serum albumin. PMID- 812806 TI - Isolation of anti-myeloma membrane antibodies from rabbit xenoantisera using membrane immunoadsorbents. PMID- 812807 TI - Chemical studies on a monoclonal immunoglobulin from a patient with carcinoma of the colon. AB - Structural studies were carried out on a monotypic immunoglobulin (Ig) isolated from a patient suffering from a colon tumor. Results indicated that the light (L) chain of this protein belonged to the VkappaII subgroup and was devoid of known Inv allotypic determinants, whereas the heavy (H) chain variable (V) region belonged to the VHIII subgroup and its constant (C) region was of the gamma1 subclass and was Gm (a+Z+). The amino acid sequence of a total of 106 residues has been determined for this molecule. An extra cysteine was present at the fourth hypervarible region of the heavy chain. Preliminary results indicated that the Fc fragment of this protein did not include the inter-heavy-chain disulfide bonds. PMID- 812808 TI - Affinity labeling of anti-lactose antibodies with bromoacetylaminolac dye in dark. AB - Affinity labeling of rabbit IgG anti-lactose antibodies of restricted heterogeneity by bromacetylaminolac dye was carried out in dark and the label on the isolated chains determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The pattern of labeling was compared with that obtained when the reaction was carried out in light using the same reagent. Differences were observed in the mode of labeling of chains. Possible use of mapping the active site of the antibody by the same labeling reagent which can exist in two geometrical forms under dark and light conditions is discussed. PMID- 812809 TI - A comparative study of maltase & glucoamylase in the intestine of various animal species. PMID- 812810 TI - Pattern of histamine & histaminase changes following trauma. PMID- 812811 TI - Fungus superinfection in chronic obstructive airway disease. PMID- 812812 TI - Mid-arm/head circumference ratio in the assessment of protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 812813 TI - Free amino and nucleic acids changes in brain tissue of the preweanling malnourished rats. PMID- 812814 TI - [Are maltose infusions suitable for infusion therapy]. AB - The suitability of maltose for parenteral nutrition was investigated in metabolically healthy volunteers. A solution containing 20% of maltose was infused intravenously for four hours using three different doses (0.125 g/kg; 0.25 g/kg; 0.5 g/kg BW/h). Following cessation of the infusions the laboratory controls were carried on for four more hours. The infusions of maltose were tolerated without any complications. However, only when using the lowest dosage a steady state in blood concentration of maltose was reached, i.e. in the case of 0.125 g/kg BW/h. The results show that in humans the metabolic capacity for maltose is limited. The glucose concentration in blood remained almost unaltered during maltose infusion, while the serum insulin concentration was slightly elevated. A further sign for metabolism of maltose was the decrease in free fatty acid concentration. Because of the low metabolic capacity for maltose the urinary loss (in the form of maltose and glucose) is high with greater infusion rates and amounts to 20-30% of the intravenous load. A greater part of the sugar excreted in the urine consists of glucose, despite an almost normal blood glucose concentration. Considering the results of the experiments with volunteers it is concluded that maltose is not suited for intravenous therapy. Because of the low metabolic capacity of the human organism the renal losses are too great. PMID- 812815 TI - [Pathophysiological and therapeutic notes on infusion therapy in internal medicine]. PMID- 812816 TI - [Infusion theraphy in disorders of the acid-base equilibrium]. AB - The acid-base balance is primarily regulated by renal and respiratory mechanisms affecting concentration of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. The most important indication for intravenous therapy is diabetic keto acidosis, lactate acidosis and the acidosis following poisoning. Calculation of the required amounts of buffer as well as corresponding formulars for therapy are of limited value and have always to be considered in relation to the actual clinical status. PMID- 812817 TI - [Infusion therapy in kidney diseases]. AB - Body electrolyte and water balance as well as elimination of toxic metabolites depend on intact renal function. Acute azotemia of either prerenal, renal, or postreanal origin requires adequate fluid and electrolyte theraphy. Based on physiological regulation of protein metabolism and nitrogen balance parenteral nutrition of uremic patients with stable renal function is described. Sufficient caloric supplementation is required. Parenteral treatment to improve nitrogen balance in these patients is achieved by infusion of essential amino acids including histidine. The possible therapeutic value of keto-analogs is suggested by recent studies. PMID- 812818 TI - [Infusion therapy in gastrointestinal diseases]. AB - In terms of a short review indications and applications of infusion therapy in gastroenterology (concerning vomiting, fistulas, diarrhea, ileus and peritonitis) are discussed. It is pointed out that in cases of water and electrolyte deficiency a rigid regimen is not reasonable. If possible a balance should be obtained. Parenteral nutrition is applied in obstructions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in maldigestion and malabsorption. PMID- 812819 TI - [Infusion therapy in emergency situations]. AB - A review of the infusion therapy of acute emergency cases in internal medicine is give. The infusion therapy of hepatic coma, diabetic coma, thyrotoxicosis, acute renal failure, acute hemorrhage, acute cerebral ischemia and exogenous poisoning is described. PMID- 812820 TI - [Fundamentals of parenteral feeding in internal diseases]. AB - A review of parenteral infusion therapy in internal medicine is given. The principles of total parenteral nutrition with fatty acids, ethanol, glucose, non glucose-carbohydrates (fructose, sorbitol, xylitol) and amino acids are discussed. Problems such as indication and contraindication, metabolism and utilization of the applied substances as well as adverse effects are dealt with. The practice of infusion therapy and its form of application are shown on the basis of the author's own experience. Finally a scheme for total parenteral nutrition is presented. PMID- 812821 TI - Surgical treatment of dislocation of the peroneal tendons. AB - Dislocation of the peroneal tendons is an uncommon condition. Ten cases are reviewed and the aetiology is discussed. The surgical technique is described. The long-term results were in all cases good. PMID- 812822 TI - Reconstruction of the lateral ligament of the ankle. AB - An operation for the treatment of chronic inversion instability of the ankle is described and the results are reported. It is suggested that this operation is considered in all patients with this syndrome, in whom conservative measures have failed. PMID- 812823 TI - Antigenic independence of some microbial urate oxidases. AB - Antisera were prepared to urate oxidase derived from three microbial species, a yeast (Candida utilis), a mold (Aspergillus flavus), and a bacterium (Bacillus fastidious). The antisera inhibited enyme activity to a limited extent. Cross reaction studies with preparations of the enzyme from these and other species indicated that the microbial enzyme exhibits a high degree of antigenic independence. This appeared to be particularly true of the bacteria studied. PMID- 812824 TI - Depression of contact sensitivity and enhancement of antibody response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice. AB - The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on contact sensitivity to 2-phenyl 4-ethoximethylene-oxazolone (oxazolone) and on antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, horse erythrocytes, and Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysacharide was investigated in outbred C57BL/6 mice. Injection of 0.5 and 0.2 median lethal doses significantly depressed contact sensitivity to oxazolone, whereas injection of 0.5 median lethal dose of heat-killed microorganisms did not. The filtrate of a 24-h broth culture did not affect contact sensitivity as well. Antibody production against sheep erythrocytes, horse erythrocytes, and lipopolysaccharide (evaluated as plaque-forming cells and circulating hemagglutinin and hemolysin titers) was found to be significantly enhanced both in animals injected with living bacteria and in those which received heat-killed microorganisms. The simultaneous occurrence of depression of cell-mediated immunity and potentiation of humoral response suggests that P. aeruginosa might interfere at different levels of the host immunological responsiveness. PMID- 812826 TI - Pathogenesis and immunology of experimental gonococcal infection: role of iron in virulence. AB - Addition of iron componds to inocula of the relatively avirulent T3 or T4 colony types of gonococci increased their lethality for chicken embryos after intravenous inoculation but had little or no effect on the highly virulent T1 or T2 types. The toxicity of nonviable inocula, killed cells or sonicates, was not significantly affected by ecogenous iron. Addition of the iron-binding protein conalbumin reduced or delayed the lethal effect of T1, but not T3, gonococci although growth of both colony types in the allantoic cavity of the embryo was inhibited by this protwin. This effect can be attributed specifically to deprivation of iron since the iron-complexed form of conalbumin had no apparent influence on growth or virulence. The results indicate that the ability to acquire iron in vivo is a significant factor in gonococcal virulence. The virulent colony types appear to have enhanced ability to compete with the host for iron and this may be related to the presence of pili, other surface components, or the synthesis of iron-chelating compounds. PMID- 812825 TI - Host-parasite interactions with peritoneal macrophages of mice and rats in vitro and in vivo. AB - This paper deals with the intracellular multiplication of mycobacteria in peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats immunized with tubercle bacilli or pretreated with Triton WR 1339. If unstimulated macrophages were used, almost unrestricted multiplication of mycobacteria was observed in macrophages from both vaccinated and pretreated hosts after infection of the cells in vitro. Only when the infection of the cells was perfored in the peritoneal cavity of vaccinated hosts did the macrophages display a high degree of inhibition. This striking difference in the behavior of macrophages infected in vitro and in vivo is explained by the local inflammation caused by the intraperitoneal infection, which leads to an influx of T-cell mediators. When macrophages from hosts pretreated with Triton WR 1339 were used, inhibition of the multiplication of mycobacteria within cells infected in vitro or in vivo was very slight, though this compound displayed a marked protective effect in the host. Addition of streptomycin to the culture medium caused a strong inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria even in small concentrations; there was no difference between normal and "immune" macrophages. When rats were infected with virulent tubercle bacilli, they were initially fully susceptible to the infection but showed rapid onset of a strong immune response. PMID- 812827 TI - Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia. AB - We have previously shown that pupae of the giant silkmoth Samia cynthia have a humoral antibacterial activity, which was induced by viable, nonpathogenic gram negative bacteria (H.G. Boman et al., 1974). We show here that this activity was formed simultaneously with a selective incorporation of amino acids into eight polypeptide chains characterized by their electrophoretic behavior. If actinomycin D or cycloheximide were given at an early time, no antibacterial activity was found. If the inhibitors were given at the time of maximum activity, there was no effect with actinomycin D but a rapid decrease of the activity in the case of cycloheximide. The results imply that the messenger ribonucleic acid was stable, but that at least one protein component was turning over. Hemolymph from immunized pupae of another giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia, was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. This procedure, together with the isotope distribution after co-electrophoresis in polyarylamide gels, was used for comparing the response to injury and to different infections. Almost identical polypeptide patterns were obtained as a response to an infection with either viable Enterobacter cloacae or Bacillus subtilis. These patterns differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the injury effect created by an injection as such. There was only a low antibacterial activity in each of the four fractions obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation. However, a combination of three fractions restored a high killing activity. Fractionation of hemolymph from untreated pupae provided evidence for at least one preexisting factor which stimulated the killing of Escherichia coli. The osmotic pressure of the bacteria contributed to the antibacterial activity towards E. coli, but not towards B. subtitlis. The killing of E. coli was inhibited by liped A and, to a lesser extent, by an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes. The similarities and differences with the mammalian complement system are discussed. PMID- 812828 TI - Evaluation ofprimary blood monocyte and bone marrow cell culture for the isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii. AB - Rickettsia rickettsii was isolated from experimentally infected guinea pigs by culture of blood monocytes and bone marrow cells, and from experimentally infected rhesus monkeys by blood monocyte culture. Rickettsiae were identified in monocyte-macrophage monolayers stained by Gimenez or flourescent antibody techniques. A total of 78 culture attempts were made from 20 guinea pigs and 16 monkeys. The success of isolation of R. rickettsii in culture was positively correlated with the numbers of rickettsiae present in the blood and bone marrow. in cultures derived from infected guinea pigs, rickettsiae were usually observed after 5 to 7 days of culture, and in monkeys monocyte cultures they were usually observed within 3 to 5 days. Positive cultures were derived from guinea pigs and monkeys as early as the first day of fever and 1 to 3 days before the appearance of other clinical signs. Monocyte cultures became negative with the resolution of rickettsemia and concomitantly with the appearance of serum antibody. Monocyte culture isolation of R. rickettsii may be as sensitive for the detection of rickettsiae in blood and marrow as the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs or the plaque assay technique. Because of the simplicity of the method and because rickettsiae were often identified within 3 to 5 days after initiation, the monocyte culture technique may be useful in the early diagnois of human rickettsial disease. PMID- 812829 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition by a specific antigen in human brucellosis. AB - Leukocyte migration inhibition /LMI/ tests were carried out in 19 patients with Brucella abortus bovis infection and in 18 healthy control subjects using killed Brucella abortus bovis as antigen. In the brucellosis group a statistically significant LMI was observed, as compared to the members of the control group. Using the same antigen, a fairly good correlation was found between the local skin reaction and the results of the LMI test in the subacute or chronic stage of the disease. However, the results of the LMI test showed no correlation with either the clinical activity of the disease or the serological results and the general reactions elicited by the skin test. Since LMI and skin tests give nearly identical results in subacute or chronic brucellosis, it is suggested that the LMI test may be used as a safe test instead of the skin test. PMID- 812830 TI - Duodenum-, ileum- and colon-specific antigens. AB - Antigens specific for discrete segments of the intestinal tract of germ-free rats have been identified. There is at least one duodenum-, one ileum- and one colon specific antigen. In addition there is an intestine-specific antigen present at all levels of the bowel. The intestine-specific antigens are found in the goblet cell mucus. The intestinal epithelial cell cytoplasm contains antigen which is shared by other tissue. PMID- 812832 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and neurofibromatosis. PMID- 812831 TI - Enhanced mononuclear phagocytic activity during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. AB - It has been shown that Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice develop a nonspecific resistance to challenge with an unrelated microorganism, namely, Listeria monocytogenes. This increased resistance to Listeria was observed on the 4th day of trypanosoma infection and persisted for at least 25 days. It was associated with an increased mononuclear phagocytic activity, as revealed by carbon clearance experiments. The possibility that macrophages of the infected host become activated by a process which appears to depend upon some form of specific interaction between the immune lymphoid cells and the infecting organisms, as has been demonstrated with other infectious agents, is discussed. PMID- 812833 TI - Marihuana, learning, and memory. PMID- 812834 TI - Ewing's tumor. Review of 73 cases. AB - Observations on 73 cases of Ewing's tumor confirmed that this neoplasm occurs in twice as many males as females, mostly between the ages of 11 and 20. In contrast with other reported series, 61.6% of lesions in our patients were in the flat bones. Definite diagnosis cannot be based solely on clinical and radiological changes, and no patient suspected of suffering from Ewing's tumor should receive x-ray treatment or any other kind of therapy unless the diagnosis has been proved histologically, by means of open biopsy. Supervoltage radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy produces better results than other kinds of treatment. PMID- 812835 TI - Effect of the ocular media on the main wavelengths of argon laser emission. AB - (1) In owl monkeys, where no yellow staining of the media is present, there are clear-cut ophthalmoscopic and histologic differences in the lesions produced by equal amounts of argon green and blue light. (2) The yellow staining of the macula causes differences in lesion intensity and depth when different wavelengths are used for photocoagulation. (3) In humans the influence of age on this difference is apparent. PMID- 812836 TI - The effect of d-isoproterenol on intraocular pressure of the rabbit, monkey, and man. AB - D-isoproterenol d-bitartrate applied topically lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal albino rabbits and rabbits with alpha-chymotrypsin-induced glaucoma. This effect is independent of any effect on systemic blood pressure or pulse rate. A similar response could not be obtained in monkey or human eyes. Subconjunctival injection of d-isoproterenol d-bitartrate to monkey eyes did not alter IOP. PMID- 812837 TI - Studies on the genetic control of heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster. Elizabeth Goldschmidt Memorial Lecture. PMID- 812838 TI - Proceedings: Properties of solubilized prostaglandin synthetase from sheep vesicular glands. PMID- 812839 TI - Proceedings: Interaction of cereolysin and streptolysin O with red blood cell membrane cholesterol. PMID- 812840 TI - Proceedings: Chloroplastic origin of membrane proteins required for photosystem II activity in Euglena chloroplasts. PMID- 812841 TI - Proceedings: Partial sequence and size of the amino terminal extrapiece of immunoglobulin precursors programmed by mRNA in the wheat germ cell-free system. PMID- 812842 TI - Proceedings: Synthesis and characterization of DNA complementary to immunoglobulin light-chain mRNA. PMID- 812844 TI - Proceedings: Limited number of genes coding for the constant-region of immunoglobulin kappa-light-chains in mice. PMID- 812843 TI - Proceedings: Cross-hybridization of DNA complementary to one immunoglobulin light chain mRNA with mRNA of other light-chains. PMID- 812845 TI - [Chronic lead poisoning: Lead gout with giant tophi on the skin, nephrophathy and porphyrinopathy]. AB - Chronic lead nephtropathy, secondary gout (lead-gout) and porphyrinuria may develop after long lasting professional exposure to lead. A printer with giant tophi on his hands and feet excreted a significantly higher amount of lead after infusion of calcium EDTA in comparison with a normal control person. This result indicates an increased mobilization of lead from skeletal deposits. Furthermore, the laboratory findings showed renal insufficency and porphyrinuria up to 1316 mug/l (elevation of total porphyrins with slight or no elevation of delta-amino levulic acid and porphobilinogene). The clinical triad nephropathy, secondary gout and porphyrinuria seems to be a variant of chronic lead poisoning. PMID- 812846 TI - Plutonium--health implications for man. Plutonium in mammals: influence of plutonium chemistry, route of administration, and physiological status of the animal on initial distribution and long-term metabolism. PMID- 812847 TI - Plutonium--health implications for man. Other considerations in establishing standards. PMID- 812848 TI - Impact of expanded-duty assistants on cost and productivity in dental care delivery. AB - Data from an experimental dental program are used to develop a linear programming model of dental care delivery that the authors use to examine the economic implications of introducing expanded-duty dental assistants (EDDA's) in three types of dental practices. The authors examine the changes in productivity and profitability that result from hiring one or more EDDAs and conclude that a dentist in solo practice can more than double his net revenue by hiring one EDDA but will not increase his productivity further by hiring additional EDDAs. Two- and three-dentist groups also can increase revenue by hiring EDDAs, but, beyond a certain point, an inverse relationship exists between the number of auxiliaries hired and net revenue generated. PMID- 812849 TI - Regional planning of maternity services. AB - Analysis of utilization data from maternity units in a ten-county region in New York indicates that more small rural maternity units exist in that region than are needed. A mathematical model is used to ascertain optimal unit sizes, and criteria are developed by which units could be combined for more efficient use of facilities. PMID- 812850 TI - A decision theory approach to measuring severity in illness. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a multiattribute utility model for measuring the severity of a patient's illness. A single medical problem (an analysis of the costs and benefits of different burn care systems) was used to test the model. Physicians estimated the relative importance of and severity functions for criteria influencing severity. The model's estimates of severity were compared with survival rates of more than 6000 actual patients and with physicians' rankings of hypothetical patients. Although continued validation is needed, the multiattribute utility model appears to have potential as an index for illness severity and, possibly, health status. PMID- 812851 TI - A problem in clinical research: asthma and cromolyn sodium. PMID- 812852 TI - Congenital chloride diarrhoea with functional ileus in a premature infant. AB - A case of congenital chliride diarrhoea with functional ileus, early diagnosed in a premature infant of North-Africa parentage, is described. A short review is given of the clinical and biological manifestations of the disease in the newborn. Especially, the influence of parenteral therapy on the course as well as on the development of potentially fatal complications is discussed. PMID- 812853 TI - The use of tampons for identifying asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infections. AB - Female contacts of males with gonococcal urethritis were screened for asymptomatic infection using self-inserted tampons. Results of cultures were compared with specimens collected with cervical swabs during a pelvic examination. The sequence of collection of specimens was randomized, and specimens were promptly incubated. Among 297 patients, 40.4% had positive cervical specimens and 35.4% had positive tampon specimens. A difference in rates of recovery by method of collection was 5.0% +/- 1.7%. A better correlation in results was noted among patients using oral contraceptives and among patients whose tampon specimen was collected after a pelvic examination. A relatively small difference in results by method of collection suggests that tampons may serve as an inexpensive screening device for sexually active women, especially in settings where pelvic examinations are not routinely performed, but where immediate processing of specimens is possible. PMID- 812854 TI - On the structure of a new antibiotic TL-119 (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. VI). PMID- 812855 TI - Lysine and lysine analog potentiation of antibiotic and antimicrobial activity. PMID- 812856 TI - Inability of genetic systems of Bacillus subtilis to detect a mutagenic effect of low frequency ultrasound. PMID- 812857 TI - Degradation of 1-naphthol by a soil pseudomonad. PMID- 812858 TI - Combined activity of clindamycin and gentamicin on Bacteroides fragilis and other bacteria. PMID- 812859 TI - The immunology and epidemiology of influenza virus. PMID- 812861 TI - Egestion of degraded meningococci by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Quantitative studies were carried out on the in vitro phagocytosis of 14C-labeled Neisseria meningitidis by mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Intact, "loaded" leukocytes were found to excrete radioactive bacterial products back into supernatant fluids. Morphological events associated with the exocytosis events revealed a fusion between the phagocytic vacuole and plasma membranes of the leukocyte followed by an emptying of the vacuole contents. Egested materials were free from whole meningococci and consisted mainly of membranous vesicles. PMID- 812860 TI - Analysis of autolysins in temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The content and distribution of autolysin were measured in temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Strains RUB1000 and RUB1012 grew as rods at 30 C. At 45 C the mutants contained disproportionately less teichoic acid than peptidoglycan and grew as irregular spheres. The amount of enzyme that could be extracted from rods was at least 31 times the amount extracted from spheres. The rate of autolysis of cell walls was 7- to 28-fold greater in rods than in spheres. The low activity found associated with the cell walls of spheres was not compensated for by larger amounts of autolytic activity in the cytoplasm. No activity was found in the growth medium at either temperature. The failure of the mutant cells to autolyze was due to low amidase activity and relatively resistant cell walls. Revertants of RUB1012 were isolated that had 13, 23, and 55% of the normal proportions of teichoic acid when grown at the nonpermissive temperature. Cell walls from the revertants were as sensitive to added amidase as the wild type strain. None of the revertant strains regained the wild-type ability to produce more amidase at 45 C. However, the deficiency in autolysin observed with RUB1012 was partially restored in revertants containing higher proportions of teichoic acid. PMID- 812862 TI - Genetic and physiological classification of periplasmic-leaky mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that leaked periplasmic proteins were isolated. Four classes of mutants were identified by their increased sensitivity to dyes, detergents, or antibiotics. Conjugation studies indicated that representatives of two classes mapped in the proA-galE region of the Salmonella chromosome and two in the cysI-argE region. According to their bacteriophage sensitivity pattern, all four of the mutant classes appear to retain the smooth lipopolysaccharide characteristic. One class of mutants has an abnormal cell envelope in which the outer membrane balloons away from the murein layer. PMID- 812863 TI - Patterns of spore locations in pairs of Bacillus cereus sporangia. AB - The location patterns, relative to the cross wall, of terminal-to-subterminal Bacillus cereus spores were determined in pairs of sporangia. The presence of three types of patterns suggests that spores are randomly located, but medium dependent variability of the frequency ratios of the patterns strongly suggests that nonrandom localization cannot be discounted. PMID- 812864 TI - Potassium requirement for cell division in Anacystis nidulans. AB - A potassium requirement for growth can be readily demonstrated in the autotrophic blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans strain TX20 equivalent to 0.7% of the cellular dry weight. Starvation of this organism for potassium partially dissociates growth from cell division, thereby inducing 50% of the population to form filaments. PMID- 812865 TI - Evolution of the transcription complex during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Ribonucleic acid polymerase activity in partially purified extract of cells of Bacillus subtilis harvested at different times (t-1, to, t1, and t2) was studied by zone centrifugation. During the course of sporulation, vegetative sigma-factor activity decreased and the transcription complex lost some of its affinity for active sigma factor. The complex underwent a two-stage change in sedimentation value, from 14.5S in vegetative growth phase to a 13S species very early in sporulation to a 16S species at later times. Two SpoO mutants have been studied by zone centrifugation. One strain, a rifampin-resistant (RfmR) mutant, failed to show any modification of the transcription complex, whereas the other, a Rfms strain, underwent a partial evolution of the transcription complex after to. PMID- 812866 TI - Repression of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis by L-malate. AB - L-Malate repressed sporulation in the wild-type strain of Bacillus subtilis. When 75 mM L-malate was added to the growth medium at the time of inoculation, the appearance of heat-resistant spores was delayed 6 to 8 h. The synthesis of extracellular serine protease, alkaline phosphatase, glucose dehydrogenase, and dipicolinic acid was similarly delayed. Sporulation was not repressed when malate was added to the culture at t4 or later. A mutant was selected for ability to sporulate in the presence of malate. This strain could also sporulate in the presence of glucose. The malate-resistant mutant grew poorly with malate as sole carbon source, although it possessed an intact citric acid cycle, and it showed increased levels of malic enzyme. This indicates a defect in the metabolism of malate in the mutant. A mutant lacking malate dehydrogenase activity was also able to sporulate in the presence of malate. A model for the regulation of sporulation by malate is presented and discussed. Citric acid cycle intermediates other than malate did not affect sporulation. In contrast to previous results, sporulation of certain citric acid cycle mutants could be greatly increased or completely restored by the addition of intermediates after the enzymatic block. The results indicate that the failure of citric acid cycle mutants to sporulate can be adequately explained by lack of energy and lack of glutamate. PMID- 812867 TI - Recombination-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis Marburg, NIG43 and NIG45, were isolated. They showed high sensitivities to gamma rays, ultraviolet light (UV), and chemicals. Deficiencies in genetic recombination of these two mutants were shown by the experiments on their capacity in transformation. SPO2 transfection, and PBS1 phage transduction, as well as on their radiation and drug sensitivities and their Hcr+ capacity for UV-exposed phage M2. Some of these characteristics were compared with those of the known strains possessing the recA1 or recB2 alleles. Mapping studies revealed that the mutation rec-43 of strain NIG43 lies in the region of chromosome replication origin. The order was purA dna-8132 rec-43. Another mutation, rec-45, of strain NIG45 was found to be tightly linked to recA1. The mutation rec-43 reduced mainly the frequency of PBS1 transduction. On the other hand, the mutation rec-45 reduced the frequency of recombination involved both in transformation and PBS1 transduction. The mutation rec-43 of strain NIG43 is conditional, but rec-45 of strain NIG45 is not. The UV impairment in cellular survival of strain NIG43 was gradually reverted at higher salt or sucrose concentrations, suggesting cellular possession of a mutated gene produce whose function is conditional. In contrast to several other recombination deficient strains, SPO2 lysogens of strain NIG43 and NIG45 were not inducible, indicating involvement of rec-43+ or rec-45+ gene product in the development of SPO2 prophage to a vegetative form. The UV-induced deoxyribonucleic acid degradation in vegetative cells was higher in rec-43 and rec-45 strains. PMID- 812868 TI - Carbon dioxide assimilation in blue-green algae: initial studies on the structure of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was purified from the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica (Lemm) by procedures involving acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criterion of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and was a multimer of a single-size polypeptide chain of 54,000 daltons. The carboxylases from four species of blue-green algae (Anabaena, Nostoc strain MAC, Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain PR-6, and Anacystis nidulans strain TX20) were closely similar in molecular size, since enzyme activity was eluted at the same volume after sucrose gradient centrifugation. Further analysis by gel filtration indicated that the four blue-green algal carboxylases were nearly identical in molecular weight, ranging from 449 to 453,000. The amino acid composition of the Anabaena carboxylase was determined and was found to resemble closely the composition of the large subunit from eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. PMID- 812870 TI - Studies of a glycoprotein in the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. AB - A glycoprotein unique to the cytoplasm of the unsporulated oocyst of Eimeria tenella has been purified and partially characterized. The protein has a molecular weight of 30,000, of which approximately 40% is carbohydrate. The carbohydrate portion of the molecule consists of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, glucosamine, and galactosamine, with no detectable sialic acid. The protein portion contains approximately 141 residues, being rich in hydrophilic amino acids with very few aromatic amino acids and no cystine. The protein comprises 14% of the total soluble protein of the unsporulated oocyst but has not been identified in the cytoplasm of any other developmental stage of the organism. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a radioimmunoassay specific for the protein, it has been shown to disappear from the cytoplasm between the 15th and 20th hour of the 20-hour sporulation process. Subsequent immunofluorescence experiments have shown a reactive material as a component of the sporozoite membrane. These results indicate that the glycoprotein is a structural protein of the sporozoite membrane, apparently synthesized by the unsporulated oocyst and incorporated into the sporozoite membrane as one of the last steps involved in the sporulation process. PMID- 812869 TI - Magnesium and anion requirements of rodB mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - rodB mutants of Bacillus subtilis have been found to require several hundred-fold more Mg2+ in a minimal growth medium than the wild type to achieve rapid growth. In the presence of all concentrations of Cl-, the organisms grow as deformed cocci, but with 10 mM Mg2+ and Br-, I-, or NO3- present they grow as rods. The morphology is then directly under the control of the concentration of both Mg2+ and anion. Originally, it was found that L-glutamic acid in the medium brought about the change from deformed spheres to rods. This amino acid will similarly function at a much lower concentration when the higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Cl- are also present. At a constant concentration of L-glutamate, the morphology can be controlled by varying the Mg2+ concentration. In the presence of Mg2+ and I-, the morphological change is temperature sensitive. At 30 C rods are formed and at 42 C deformed cocci are formed. The requirement of a rodB mutant for a high concentration of magnesium and the round morphology have been shown to be most probably due to a single mutation. PMID- 812871 TI - Human platelet factor 4: Purification and characterization by affinity chromatography. Purification of human platelet factor 4. AB - Platelet factor 4 is a low molecular weight protein contained in the storage granules of platelets and released during aggregation with a variety of aggregating agents. In vitro, it is a potent antiheparin. This property has been used for a rapid, simple purification procedure using affinity chromatography on heparin epsilon-aminocaproic aced Sepharose. Supernatants collected from outdated platelet concentrates, or platelet extracts prepared from washed, outdate platlets themselves, are first precipitated with 50% ammonium sulfate. The supernatant is dialyzed and applied to the affinity column. Contaminating proteins are washed from the column with 0.5 M NaCl in 0.005 M sodium barbital buffer, pH 7.4 and the column is then eluted with a gradient of 0.5 to 3.0 M NaCl in 0.005 M sodium barbital buffer, pH 7.4. When prepared from platelet extracts, a single protein peak with high platelet factor 4 activity is eluted at 0.9 to 1.0 M NaCl. The peak fractions demonstrate a single band on Na dodecyl-SO4 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight as determined by Na dodecyl-SO4 gel electrophoresis was 11,600 +/- 330, and was 40,000 by gel filtration. PMID- 812872 TI - Peristaltic pumping in non-uniform tubes. PMID- 812873 TI - Fine filaments in lymphatic endothelial cells. AB - Several and various types of cells contain fine cytoplasmic filaments closely resembling the myofilaments of muscle cells (2, 18, 23, 24). In many of these cells and especially when cultured, it has been demonstrated that some of these filaments react with heavy meromyosin (HMM) in the same way as do the actin filaments of muscle cells (3, 6 7). This suggests that these filaments may be actinoid and form part of a contractile system. As fine intracytoplasmic filaments do occur in lymphatic endothelial cells (2, 14), we undertook an electron microscope investigation of their fine structure and their reaction on incubation with HMM and EDTA. We postulated that lymphatic endothelial cells possess a contractile filamentous system to which these filaments belong. PMID- 812874 TI - Analysis of the thylakoid outer surface. Coupling factor is limited to unstacked membrane regions. AB - The structure of the spinach thylakoid outer surface has been examined by deepetching, a technique which exposes the true surfaces of biological membranes by sublimination of frozen dilute buffer. The membrane surface is covered with large (150 A average diameter) and small (90 A average diameter) particles. Approximately 30% of the large particles can be removed under conditions reported to selectively remove carboxydismutase from the membrane surface. The remaining large particles can be removed only under conditions which cause a loss of coupling factor activity. When purified coupling factor is readded to membranes from which all coupling factor activity has been removed, large particles reappear, indicating that they represent coupling factor molecules. Since the number of particles and the amount of ATPase activity in the reconstituted and control membranes were the same, coupling factor molecules may be attached to specific binding sites. Analysis of antibody labeling experiments, enzyme assays, and experiments involving the unstacking and restacking of thylakoid membranes indicate that coupling factor is excluded from regions of membrane stacking (grana) and is present only in unstacked membrane regions. The exclusion of coupling factor from grana, which are known to be centers of intense photosynthetic activity, strongly suggests that the mechanism coupling electron transport to photophosphorylation is indirect. In addition to the large and small particles, in some cases regularly spaced ridges are visible on the outer surface after unstacking. Coupling factor binding sites seem to be excluded from regions where these structures occur. PMID- 812875 TI - Intercellular adhesive selectivity. II. Properties of embryonic chick liver cell cell adhesion. AB - Studies directed at understanding the molecular basis of liver cell homotypic adhesion are presented. An assay which measures the rate of adhesion of isotopically labeled (32PO4) embryonic chick liver cells to liver cell aggregates, described in a companion paper, has been used to investigate the problem of intercellular adhesive selectivity. Cation requirements, the effects of various inhibitors of metabolism and protein synthesis, of chelators (EDTA and EGTA), and the effects of temperature on liver cell adhesion are reported. Two mechanisms of inhibition of liver intercellular adhesion are suggested. One involves destruction of cell-surface adhesion receptors (sensitivity to proteases); the other is an energy-dependent step which may involve alterations in plasma membrane conformation and/or membrane fluidity. Finally, a model is suggested for liver cell-cell adhesion that incorporates the early tissue selectivity of intercellular adhesion previously reported, followed by a multistep process which leads to histogenic aggregation. PMID- 812876 TI - Immunochemical and immunoelectron microscope studies on localization of NADPH cytochrome c reductase on rat liver microsomes. AB - By the use of ferritin-conjugated antibody (conjugate) indirect immunoelectron microscopy, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was localized on rat liver microsomes. Most microsomes in the sections had from 1 to 12 conjugates on their outer surfaces. Among the conjugates, 83% was estimated to bind to NADPH-cytochrome c reductase at a molecular ratio of 1:1, 12% at the ratio of 2:1, and 5% at the ratio of 3 or 4:1. The correlation between immunochemical and morphological data confirmed that most of the NADPH-cytochrome c reducatase reacted with the conjugates. Subsequent morphological analyses have revealed that the enzyme is distributed homogeneously on the outer surfaces of microsomes but heterogeneously within microsomes in groups of three to five enzyme molecules. PMID- 812879 TI - Carotenoids and related compounds. Part XXXIII. Synthesis of dehydroflexixanthin and deoxyflexixanthin. PMID- 812878 TI - Macronuclear differentiation during oral regeneration in Stentor coeruleus. AB - The moniliform macronucleus of Stentor coeruleus coalesces and renodulates during division, reorganization and regeneration. These nuclear events are spatially and temporally synchronized with oral primordium development occurring at stages six and seven of membranellar morphogenesis. Coalesced, elongating and early renodulating macronuclei at states six and seven contained microtubules within double membrane-bound channels, passing through the nucleus parallel to the long axis. The number of microtubules per channel varied between 4 and 23. Microtubules were also found in the perinuclear cytoplasm at these stages, forming a loose network around the nucleus. The microtubules and channels are absent in control cells and macronuclei of regenerating cells prior to stage six. These transient microtubules and channels appearing in late stage six and stage seven may provide the axial plane on which elongation of the macronucleus proceeds. PMID- 812877 TI - Synthesis and secretion of light-chain immunoglobulin in two successive cycles of synchronized plasmacytoma cells. AB - Suspension-cultured mouse plasmacytoma cells (MPC-11) were accumulated in the late G1 phase by exposure to isoleucine-deficient medium for 20-24 h. The arrested culture was fed with complete medium enabling the cells to continue the cell cycle synchronously, undergo mitosis, and enter a second cycle of growth. This method of synchronization left the protein-synthesizing ability intact as judged by the polysome profile and the capacity of the cells to incorporate labeled amino acids into protein after the restoration of isoleucine. After incubation in isoleucine-deficient medium and the addition of isoleucine to the culture, cells entered the S phase after a short lag, as judged by [3H]thymidine incorporation into nucleic acid and by spectrophotometric measurement of nuclear DNA. The cells were in mitosis between 12 and 18 h as judged by the increase in cell count and analysis of cell populations on albumin gradients. Synthesis and secretion of light-chain immunoglobulin were maximal in the late G1/early S phase of the first cycle. During late S phase, G2 phase, and mitosis, both synthesis and secretion were observed to be at a low level; however, immediately after motosis the cells which then entered the G1 phase apparently commenced synthesis of light chain immunoglobulin straight away, although secretion of labeled material remained at a low level. PMID- 812880 TI - Separation of 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl amino acids on polyamide sheets. PMID- 812881 TI - Editorial: The nurse in an expanded role: a proposed solution to the problems of geriatric health care. PMID- 812882 TI - Reciprocal changes in serum concentrations of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in systemic illnesses. AB - Serum concentrations of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) were measured in adult patients with several systemic illnesses whose serum total and/or free T3 were low, serum total T4 was low or normal, and free T4 was either normal or elevated. The mean serum rT3 was 76, 46, and 77 ng per 100 ml in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, and acute febrile illnesses, respectively; the values in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and acute febrile illness were significantly higher than, and values in patients with renal failure did not differ significantly from, the mean serum rT3 (41 ng per 100 ml) in normal subjects. The mean serum rT3 in another group of patients from Calcutta, India, who had severe protein calorie malnutrition (PCM), was 53 ng per 100 ml; it was significantly higher than the corresponding value, 22 ng per 100 ml, in the same patients after feeding treatment. Mean serum rT3 in patients with systemic illnesses was not so high as that (151 ng per 100 ml) in the normal newborn, who also has low serum T3 and normal or high T4. High serum rT3 in patients with systemic illness could not be attributed to increased serum protein binding of rT3; whenever studied, the dialyzable fraction of rT3 was not decreased but actually increased. The mean serum-free rT3 was 450,207, and 366 pg per 100 per 100 ml in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, and acute febrile illnesses, respectively; each of these values was significantly higher than the corresponding value, 98 pg per 100 ml, in normal subjects. The mean serum free rT3, 516 pg per 100 ml, in newborn cord sera was similar to that in patients with hepatic cirrhosis but was higher than that observed in patients with chronic renal failure and acute febrile illnesses. High serum rT3 and low serum T3 in patients with PCM improved to normal or towards normal after feeding treatment. Since the peripheral metabolism of T4 is normally the predominant source of T3 as well as rT3 in man, our data, demonstrating reciprocal changes in serum rT3 and T3 and no consistent change in serum T4, suggest that body metabolism of T4 may be so altered in systemic illness that the conversion of T4 to rT3 may be increased while that to T3 is decreased. The mechanism or the biological significance of such a diversion of T4, from the normally occurring conversion to highly potent T3, to the generation of poorly calorigenic rT3 in systemic illness, is not clear at this time. The data in patients with PCM demonstrate, however, that such a change in the metabolism of T4 can be reversible. PMID- 812883 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome: examination of thyroid function, and the TSH and PRL responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone prior to and after testosterone administration. AB - Thyroid function and prolactin (PRL) responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were examined in 6 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome prior to and after therapy with testosterone. The thyroid function tests, including serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), resin T3 uptake (RT3U), radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation and the TSH response to TRH were normal during both periods of study. Testosterone treatment had no significant effect on any of these parameters with the exception of the RT3U which increased. PRL response to TRH were significantly higher than those observed in normal men (P less than 0.05). Despite the fact that mean plasma PRL responses to TRH were decreased when the patients were restudied during testosterone therapy, they remained greater than those of normal men. Mean serum estradiol concentrations were normal and did not increase significantly during testosterone therapy. These studies suggest that: (1) thyroid function may be normal in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome more often than previously reported, and (2) patients with Klinefelter's syndrome may manifest PRL hyper-responsiveness to TRH that is decreased but not normalized during testosterone therapy. Because estradiol levels failed to increase despite a marked rise in testosterone, further studies are warranted to examine testosterone and estradiol clearance and conversion rates in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 812884 TI - Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus serum precipitins by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Detection of serum precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis is compared with the immunodiffusion technique. Eight of nine (89%) sera from patients with proven A. fumigatus infection were positive by both methods. No serum from subjects with other systemic mycoses, bacterial infections, or healthy controls had detectable precipitins. The highest serum precipitin titers were found in sera of patients with the mycetomal and invasive forms of the disease. Detection of A. fumigatus serum precipitins by counterimmunoelectrophoresis compares favourably with immunodiffusion and has the advantage of significantly reducing the time required for results. PMID- 812885 TI - Improved transport system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens. AB - Protective transport media have to be used to preserve Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens during their transit to the laboratory. In this study, a CO2- environment chamber, the Jembec chamber, was used for transport of clinical speciments requiring examination for gonococci. The survival of N. gonorrhoeae present in clinical speciments when placed in Amies charcoal transport medium was compared to their survival when inoculated into Jembec chambers containing either modified Thayer-Martin medium (MTM) or modified New York City transport medium (MNYC). For a period of up to 2 days in transit, the three systems were not significantly different. However, after 3 days in transit, MNYC/Jembec chambers preserved significantly more gonococci than Amies charcoal transport meduim (P less than 0.0001) or MTM/Jembec chambers (P=0.006). MNYC/Jembec chambers withstood 241 miles (386 km) of postal transit during winter months; 80% of the gonococci present in clinical specimens remained viable from 2 to 5 days under these conditions. The CO2 generated by the tablet in the Jembec chamber was suggicient to support the growth of N. gonorrhoeae if the chambers were incubated at 36 C immediately after inoculation. However, if delayed in transit, the chambers had to be incubated in 5 to 10% CO2 to promote the growth of N. gonorrhoeae. MNYC/Jembec chambers provide a selective environment that will protect and maintain the viability of N. gonorrhoeae for extended periods, allowing a reasonable time for postal transit of clinical specimens to the laboratory. PMID- 812886 TI - Application of the single radial diffusion test for assay of antibody to influenza type A viruses. AB - Single radial diffusion (SRD) tests for antibodies to influenza type A hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and matrix protein antigens were compared with conventional hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and complement fixation tests. Sera used in this study were obtained in 1968-1969 from volunteers before and after vaccination and before and after an ensuing epidemic of Hong Kong influenza. The SRD test compared favorably with conventional tests for assessment of vaccine- or infection-induced rises in antibody titers to influenza type A viruses. Little linear relationshiip was seen between zone areas with SRD and titers with conventional tests, suggesting that the SRD test may detect antibody of different quality or specificity. The SRD seemed equal to the hemagglutination inhibition test for predicting susceptibility to influenza. SRD is a simple test for the recognition of antibody to various antigenic components of the influenza virus and could prove to be a valuable epidemiological tool. PMID- 812887 TI - Metabolic studies in total parenteral nutrition with lipid in man. Comparison with glucose. AB - A study was undertaken of patients on a regimen of total parenteral nutrition comparing the nitrogen balance, energy substrates, blood amino acids, immunoreactive insulin, and immunoreactive glucagon levels during the sequential infusion of nonprotein calories as either glucose alone (glucose system) or 83% as Intralipid (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Montreal, Canada) and 17% glucose (lipid system). These nonprotein calories were administered with a constant background of amino acids (1 g/kg per day), vitamins, and minerals. Each system was infused for a week at a time and the order of infusion randomized. In some patients whole blood arteriovenous (A-V) levels of amino acids were measured across forearm muscle. During the glucose system there was a significantly higher level of pyruvate, lactate, alanine, and immunoreactive insulin, consistent with glucose being the principal source of energy. In contrast, during the lipid system there was a rise in free fatty acids and ketone bodies with a fall in insulin, suggesting that lipid was now the principal source of energy. Despite these two very diverse metabolic situations the nitrogen balance with both systems was positive to a comparable degree after the establishment of equilibrium. Correspondingly, A-V differences of whole blood amino acid nitrogen showed uptake by muscle to an equivalent degree with both systems. Clinical studies indicated that the lipid system as defined herein could be infused by peripheral vein for up to 43 days with resultant weight gain, elevation of serum proteins, and healing of fistulae. Our studies suggest that for both metabolic and clinical reasons exogenously infused lipid is a suitable source of nonprotein calories. PMID- 812889 TI - Determination of antimicrobial MIC by paper diffusion method. AB - Because they are cumbersome, tests to determine the quantitative susceptibility of organisms to antimicrobial drugs are not performed routinely in many diagnostic laboratories. This paper describes a simple method of incorporating the antimicrobial drug in agar. It is an adaptation of the Rolinson and Russell technique which allows the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antimicrobial drugs for a large number of organisms. Results are comparable with those obtained when the standard agar dilution method is used. Strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were tested by both methods using ampicillin (86 strains), cephaloridine (72 strains), trimethoprim (72 strains), and gentamicin (72 strains). Of the 302 tests thus performed, a difference in MIC of more than one double dilution was noted in only 11 tests. With one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however, it was not possible to detect ampicillin resistance by the method described in this paper. PMID- 812888 TI - Human platelet-initiated formation and uptake of the C5-9 complex of human complement. AB - We have studied the interaction of radiolabeled complement components with normal human platelets, platelets from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and rabbit platelets in the absence of known complement activators or in the presence of cobra venom factor (CVF). When unwashed platelets in platelet-rich plasma, or washed platelets suspended in serum or autologous plasma, were incubated for 30 min, C3 and terminal components (C5, C8, and C9) were found to bind to them. The terminal components were shown to be bound as the C5-9 complex, rather than as individual proteins, by eluting them from the platelet membrane and examining their behavior on ultracentrifugation. They cosedimented at a rate characteristic of the stable C5-9 complex (22S). As many as 370-1,380 C5-9 complexes/platelet were calculated to have been bound during the incubation period. The complex so formed did not differ by ultracentrifugational criteria from that binding to rabbit platelets after CVF activation of complement. Though C3 was not included in the complex, it did not appear to be bound by nonspecific absorption. It could not be removed by washing but rather was eluted by the freeze-thaw technique used to elute the C5-9 complex. Incubation of radiolabeled components in platelet-free plasma did not result in C5-9 complex formation, indicating an initiating role for platelets in this reaction. In contrast to platelets, erythrocytes incubated in analogous plasma did not induce detectable C5-9 formation. Neither EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, nor epsilon-amino-N-caproic acid prevented platelet initiated formation of C5-9, suggesting that the reaction may involve mechanisms of complement activation not previously described. PMID- 812890 TI - The relation of anticonvulsant drug levels to complete seizure control. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the relationship of serum ACD levels to dosage in a group of patients who had been seizure free for at least two years. It demonstrated that some patients remain completely seizure free with DPH and/or phenobarbital serum concentrations which are well below the reported "optimal" therapeutic ranges. In addition, medicating patients with anti-convulsant drugs solely on the basis of mg/kg of body weight does not assure optimal ACD levels in any given patient. Certain patients can be maintained completely seizure free controlled with DPH and/or Pb levels of less than 10 micrograms/ml. There are several explanations for the medication concentrations observed in these patients: (1) patient noncompliance in ingestion of prescribed medication; (2) altered drug utilization; (3) a mild focus which is maintained under control with lower DPH levels than those necessary to control a more active focus; or (4) epilepsy in remission. Our observations emphasize the importance of individual regulation of medications for seizure control. PMID- 812891 TI - Studies of balanced and unblaanced growth of Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 812892 TI - Streptococcus sanguis: a model in the application in immunochemical analysis for the in situ localization of bacteria in dental plaque. AB - A review of the development of the serology of S sanguis has been presented. This species contains a group-specific antigen designated a, which appears to be a glycerol teichoic acid. It is suggested that this antigen be designated the Lancefield group H antigen. In addition, two major serotypes based on distribution of other surface antigens have been demonstrated. The grouping antiserums for S sanguis have been used to localize these bacteria in ultrastructural sections of intact dental plaque. The organisms appear antigens and seem to form pyramid-shaped microcolonies with the apex at the tooth surface and the base at the external surface of the plaque. The cells at the apex appear to have lost some surface antigens and seem to be older. The age and arrangement of the cells suggest that most plaque forms by cell division rather than by apposition of new cells from the oral cavity. If this is true, it is necessary to alter some current concepts regarding plaque development and possiby consider some different approaches to plaque control. PMID- 812893 TI - Load-bearing capacity of functioning alumina dental endosseous implants. AB - The average load that did not produce measurable plastic deformation (5 mum) of the bone that supported six Al2O3 implants in this study was 57.5 kg. Histological slides from specimens that were loaded to the point that measurable plastic deformation (5 mum) was produced showed lines along which stain was concentrated. These lines emanated from the point of maximum stress and extended in the direction of the applied load. They were concluded to indicate regions of microplastic deformation. No untoward histological response to the solid Al2O3 implants was observed and no evidence of apical migration of epithelial tissue was noted. PMID- 812894 TI - Identification of IgG antibody as a carrier of reaginic activity in asthmatic patients. AB - In a previous study it was reported that a group of asthmatic patients, in whom cromolyn sodium did not inhibit bronchial immediate allergic reactions, had reaginic antibodies that did not appear to belong to the IgE class. This study was designed to extend these observations, and it was shown that the IgG fractions from these patients' sera, purified by ion exchange chromatography and specific immunosorbents, had skin-sensitizing activity to the antigen studied, while the IgE fractions did not. The skin-sensitizing activity in the IgG fractions was not removed by anti-IgE antiserum and was not inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C or by reduction/alkylation. It is proposed that IgG antibodies may mediate immediate allergic reactions in some asthmatic patients, that these patients can be detected by means of serum total IgE and allergen specific IgE estimation, and that cromolyn sodium is not an effective inhibitor of bronchial immediate allergic reactions in these patients. PMID- 812895 TI - The effect of cromolyn sodium powder as a treatment for ragweed pollinosis. AB - The effect of treating ragweed pollinosis with intranasal cromolyn sodium powder was evaluated in 26 patients in a double-blind clinical study. Thirteen matched patient pairs were treated by either nasal insufflation of cromolyn sodium powder, 20 mg three times daily, or by a placebo powder. Patients were monitored for severity of symptoms by means of daily symptom diaries collected weekly throughout the pollen season. Serum samples were obtained in July prior to the ragweed season and following the ragweed season during the first and fourth weeks of October for the determination of ragweed-specific IgE antibody levels by the radioallergosorbent test. A significant reduction in symptom severity was observed in the treated patients with high preseasonal levels of IgE antibody to ragweed. Initially the levels of IgE antibody to ragweed did not differ between the two groups. IgE antibody levels increased in both groups after pollen exposure, but the treated group showed a significantly greater rise in IgE antibody levels. The results suggest that treatment with cromolyn sodium enhanced IgE antibody response to pollen exposure and significantly reduced the severity of hay fever symptoms in patients with high preseasonal levels of IgE antibody to ragweed. PMID- 812896 TI - Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and prevalence of Pi variant phenotypes in asthmatic children. AB - A total of 151 children with severe atopic bronchial asthma were screened for AAT levels by the STIC and RID methods. They were also phenotyped by the method of acid starch electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The results were compared with those in a like control age group of children without known pulmonary problems. Both groups revealed similar incidences of AAT deficiency and 3% phenotype Z variants. The children with steroid-dependent severe asthma had a greater proportion of Z heterozygote variants than the non-steroid-dependent asthmatic and control population. PMID- 812897 TI - Carbonic anhydrase catalyzed hydration studied by 13C and 18O labeling of carbon dioxide. PMID- 812898 TI - Chemical composition and lipoxygenase activity in soybeans as affected by genotype and environment. PMID- 812899 TI - The antibacterial activity of chloroxylenol in combination with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid. AB - The bactericidal activity of RBA 777 has been found to vary with both the cultural and environmental test conditions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to a lesser extent against Staphylococcus aureus. These variations may explain certain anomalies in earlier work regarding the activity of chloroxylenol-based products. The addition of EDTA to RBA 777 has brought about an improvement in the performance against P. aeruginosa and this activity is confirmed in vivo. Previous reports have already illustrated this potential and the evaluations of the new antibacterial agent DA 136 confirms and extends these results to its performance under adverse conditions, often associated with the hospital environment. PMID- 812900 TI - The immunogenic activity of ribosomal fractions derived from Brucella abortus. AB - The immunizing activity of ribosome preparations derived from Brucella abortus strain 19 cells was examined in guinea-pigs and mice. After subcutaneous injections of Br. abortus ribosomes in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, both mice and guinea-pigs developed immunity to challenge by virulent Br. abortus 544 organisms which was at least as effective as the protection conferred by live strain 19 vaccine. Both mice and guinea-pigs also developed agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity to Br. Abortus antigens. Conversely, ribosome preparations elicited delayed hypersensitivity reactions on intracutaneous injection into guinea-pigs chronically infected with Br. abortus or Br. melitensis. On injection into rabbits, Br. abortus ribosomes incorporated in incomplete adjuvant induced high titres of agglutinins, complement fxing antibodies and precipitins for Br. abortus antigens. On immunochemical examination, the ribosome preparations were not grossly contaminated with antigens derived from the cell surface. They were chemically complex, however, and in addition to RNA contained numerous protein components identified by disk electrophoresis. The nature of the components responsible for conferring protection against Br. abortus was not determined. PMID- 812901 TI - An evaluation of antiseptics used for hand disinfection in wards. AB - The antibacterial effectiveness of hand antiseptics commonly used in wards was studied by laboratory and in-use tests and their acceptability assessed by means of a questionnaire passed to hospital staff. To determine the immediate and long term antibacterial effects of the preparations the in-use tests were performed by groups of students. The greatest immediate reduction in bacterial counts on hands was obtained by products containing chlorhexidine. The long-term antibacterial effect was recorded with emulsions containing 3% hexachlorophane, 2% Irgasan CF3R or 4% chlorhexidine when used constantly on several consecutive days. Considerable discrepancies were recorded in the antibacterial effectiveness of some preparations when comparing laboratory and in-use test results. Therefore it is suggested that antiseptics should be tested by in-use tests which more closely resemble practical conditions before their use, or further trial, in hospital. PMID- 812902 TI - Enteric fever in Scotland, 1967-1974. AB - A review of 194 cases of enteric infection in Scotland during 1967-74, is reported. Diagnosis was confirmed by the laboratory isolation of Salmonella typhi (64 cases), S. paratyphi A (3) and S. paratyphi B (127), from blood or faeces; 174 persons were clinically ill and 20 were symptomless infections. Most patients (81-0%) were under 35 years of age, with the highest incidence occurring among young adults of 15-24 years, many of whom had been travelling overseas. One-third of all cases (65) were imported infections; the remaining 129 patients had not been outside the United Kingdom. A significantly greater proportion of typhoid infection (54-7%) was contracted overseas, in contrast to paratyphoid B with only one-fifth of cases (21-2%) being imported; all three cases of paratyphoid A were imported. The geographic distribution of origin of imported infections is discussed, along with the frequency of organisms belonging to different phage types. Two deaths occurred, one of which was the result of complications of paratyphoid fever. All other patients responded well to treatment, although two persons continued to excrete and became chronic carriers. A few examples are given of episodes of particular epidemiological interest. It is expected that in future years there will be a continued increase in the proportion of imported infections as more persons travel overseas, concurrent with the continuing decline in the number of chronic carriers resident in the British Isles. PMID- 812903 TI - Problems of allergenic and immunogenic mycobacterial antigens. PMID- 812904 TI - Influence of BCG vaccination on the pathogenesis of experimental airborne tuberculosis. PMID- 812905 TI - Nicotinic acid production of BCG substrains in relationship to their residual virulence and immunogenic efficacy. PMID- 812906 TI - The immunological methods of enzyme estimation in M. bovis BCG homogenates. The estimation of peroxidase by the methods of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 812907 TI - Catalase electrophoretic mobility of some BCG substrains. PMID- 812908 TI - Studies on tuberculin-active peptides. PMID- 812909 TI - Results of the study of the W 115 M. tuberculosis vaccine strain and the lyophilized experimental vaccine W 115. PMID- 812910 TI - The immunising efficiency of the avirulent strain M. tuberculosis Weiszfeiler no. 115/9. PMID- 812911 TI - The ultrastructure of lung tissue of rabbits infected intravenously with Mycobacterium tuberculosis "Weiszfeiler 115". PMID- 812912 TI - Antigen study of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and BCG for detection of postvaccinal and infectious allergy. PMID- 812913 TI - Studies of the mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. VII. Two stages in the T cell-mediated lytic cycle with distinct cation requirements. AB - The lysis of allogeneic cells by cytolytically active T lymphocytes has been shown to involve two stages, Each with distinct cation requirements. Cytolysis required the presence of Ca++ ions, but addition of Mg++ to Ca++ containing medium synergistically enhanced target cell destruction. This synergistic effect resulted form kinetically separable events mediated by these cations. Thus, optimal adhesions between killer and target cells necessitated the presence of Mg++; interactions also occurred, but less efficiently, in the presence of Ca++. Lymphocyte-target cell interactions resulting from the present of Mg++ did not lead to the lysis of the target cell, until Ca++ were added. A "late" stage of the establishment of a target cell lesion is thus uniquely served by Ca++. PMID- 812914 TI - A properdin system intermediate formed by zymosan and serum at 0 degrees C. AB - The interaction of guinea pig or rat serum with Z at 0 degrees C leads to the formation of properdin pathway intermediate, ZPI, whose activity is assessed by its capacity to deplete the titer of cobra venom inducible lysis in diluted rat serum. The formation of ZPI does not require C1 or C2 and is not diminished by prior absorption of the serum with Z. In contrast, removal of P suppresses ZPI formation. Both Ca++ and Mg++ are essential cofactors for the formation of this intermediate whose function is abrogated in the presence of anti-C3, anti-P, but not by anti-Factor B. Since C4-deficient guinea pig serum is also effective in ZPI formation, the data suggest that ZPI is an alternative pathway intermediate containing both P and C3. PMID- 812915 TI - A thermostable antigen characteristic for carcinogen-induced rat intestinal tumors. AB - Precipitation tests using properly absorbed rabbit antisera revealed that PCA extracts of DMH-induced rat jejunal and colonic adenocarcinomas contain an antigen that is not detectable in extracts of normal rat tissue or other rat tumors. This rat tumor antigen was detected in extracts of normal rat colon by employing the much more sensitive procedure of tanned cell hemagglutination inhibition, however, the concentration of the antigen in tumor was about 250-fold higher than in normal colon. Similar to human CEA, the rat tumor antigen was found to be heat stable, contained glycoprotein, migrated as a beta-globulin, and appeared at a high concentration in fetal intestines, however, the rat tumor antigen was serologically distinct from human CEA. PMID- 812916 TI - Immunoglobulin biosynthesis by the MOPC 173 mouse myeloma tumor and a variant spleen clone. AB - The IgG2a producing MOPC 173 tumor synthesizes heavy (H) and light (L) chains and assembles them into H2L2 utilizing heavy chain dimers (H2) and H2L as the major precursors. Although the tumor cells secrete only H2L2, they synthesize excess L chains which appear to be degraded and are not secreted. A L chain-producing variant arising spontaneously from the MOPC 173 tumor also failed to secrete any L chains. MOPC 173 tumor cells were cloned in the spleens of normal BALB/c mice and 1 of 23 spleen clones appeared to differ from the parent tumor in demonstrating a) a transient block in the assembly of H2L2 at the H2 level, leading to delayed formation and secretion of H2L2, b) appreciable amounts of non covalently bonded H2L, c) an abnormal intracellular immunoglobulin species, H4, d) production of equimolar amounts of H and L chains. The patterns of immunoglobulin synthesis and assembly demonstrable in the above studies were also observed when tumor cells were studied in situ. Tryptic peptide mapping of the H and L chains produced by the MOPC 173 tumor and the variant spleen clone failed to demonstrate any differences in the H chains, but there were definite chemical differences in the L chains. These studies indicate that variant myeloma cells producing structurally altered immunoglobulins may continually be arising in myeloma tumors. PMID- 812918 TI - Isolation of normal human IgA, IgM and IgG fragments by polyacrylamide beads immunoadsorbents. AB - Polyacrylamide beads antibody immunoabsorbents were used in order to isolate human IgA, IgM and fragments of papain-digested human IgG. The proteins obtained were pure as judged by immunochemical techniques. The antisera raised with these purified proteins were monospecific. The binding capacity and the yield were satisfactory. These antibody immunoadsorbents offer several advantages; a) highly purified antigens can be quickly obtained in a one-step procedure from body fluids; b) their handling is easy especially when using a column; c) they can be used for a long period of time and for many experiments without any noticeable loss in their binding capacity. PMID- 812917 TI - Complement activation in semi-solid medium: Insolubilization of properdin and the third component of complement (C3) in agar gels. AB - Although the role of properdin in the alternative pathway of complement activation remains unclear, evidence has recently been obtained for the formation of complexes between properdin and other components, including C3. In this study such complexes have apparently been directly visualized. When normal human serum and properdin were allowed to diffuse toward each other in agar gel for 16 hr, a line of precipitation could be seen when stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The reaction occured at pH 8.6 in 0.05 M Veronal buffer at room temperature but not under physiologic conditions of pH or tonicity. Like the alternative pathway, the reaction was Me++ dependent, occurred with C2- or C5-deficient or hypogammaglobulinemic serum, and did not occur with aged, 52 degrees C inactivated, C3b inactivator-deficient, or C3-deficient serum. 125I-labeled C3 and properdin but not Factor B were incorporated in the precipitate. Eleven sera containing the C3 nephritic factor failed to produce a precipitate with properdin, but a line of precipitation occurred between seven of these sera and normal serum. This line showed identity with the line occurring between properdin and normal serum. The phenomenon appears to result from formation of insoluble complexes between proteins of the alternative pathway and agar. PMID- 812919 TI - A modified method for tissue localization of cells bearing a complement receptor. AB - A modification of the method originally described by Dukor et al. (1970) was used for localization of cells bearing a complement receptor in lymphoid tissue of man, guinea pig, mouse and rat. Optimal fixation of the adherent indicator erythrocytes to the tissue section and satisfactory morphology of the tissue were obtained with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde. In addition, selective staining of indicator erythrocyte hemoglobin with Amido Black resulted in high contrast with the tissue constituents. The combination of fixative and stain descirbed above permitted more precise localization of cells bearing complement receptors in tissue sections. PMID- 812920 TI - A simple rapid method for layering blood on Ficoll-Isopaque gradients. AB - An easy rapid method for layering mammalian blood on Ficoll-Isopaque gradients is described. PMID- 812921 TI - Electroimmunoquantitation of serum proteins cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. AB - Electroimmunoassay is a simple, rapid and accurate method for quantitating the serum proteins. By use of glutaraldehyde, intermolecular cross-linkage of immunoglobulins to albumin was effected. The conjugation resulted in increased electrophoretic mobility of the immunoglobulins without perceptible change in antigenic determinants. With a Tris-EDTA-boric acid buffer system, the cross linked immunoglobulins migrated anodically in an electrical field. Six serum proteins from each of 20 samples were quantitated by electroimmunoassay, and the results correlated with values obtained by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 812922 TI - Anti-human C1q: rapid and simple method for preparing monospecific antisera. AB - A new simple, rapid and economical method is described for producing monospecific antisera to human C1q without using gel filtration or column chromatography. Moderately purified C1q is obtained by dialyzing fresh human serum in the presence of chelating agents at low ionic strength and then electrophoresing it in agarose. When injected into rabbits, the electrophoretically purified product induced potent antisera to three or four serum proteins including C1q, all with slow electrophoretic mobilities (gamma to beta) at pH 8.6. The antibodies to serum proteins other than C1q are easily removed by immunoadsorbents consisting of the insolubilized supernatants obtained from the dialysis used to make the original C1q-rich fraction. The monospecific antisera prepared by this technique form only one band of precipitate in the slow gamma region in immunoelectrophoresis with whole human serum or C1q-rich solution, as well as in Ouchterlony double diffusion test. They agglutinate EAClq but not EA cells and detect the same antigen as standard monospecific antisera to human C1q obtained by another well-established method. PMID- 812923 TI - Nosema slovaca sp. n.: a second microsporidian of the tick Ixodes ricinus. PMID- 812924 TI - Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis: species and tissue susceptibility and resistance. AB - The staphylococcal exfoliatin, which is responsible for the "scalded skin syndrome" in man, cleaves the epidermis directly beneath the stratum granulosum. Its activity in vivo is paralleled in organ cultures, providing a rapid and convenient assay. The cutaneous responses of several mammalian and nonmammalian species were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Human and murine skin, as well as that of hamsters and monkeys exfoliated, while all other species tested (rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, frog, and chicken) were refractory. Results were identical in vivo and in vitro. Susceptibility and resistance are inherent, presumably genetic, attributes of the epidermis, since neither dermal elements nor circulating factors interfered with or influenced sensitivity to staphylococcal exfoliatin. Besides possessing species specificity, this exfoliatin is also tissue specific, failing to cleave all mouse nonkeratinizing epithelia tested, while the reactions of some extracutaneous keratinizing epithelia were equivocal. The species and tissue specificity of the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome may be attributable to either keratinocyte receptors specific for exfoliatin or the presence of specific, as yet undefined, substances in the intercellular space. PMID- 812925 TI - Emergence of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Massachusetts. AB - Tests of sensitivity to rifampin of over 2,200 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrated a progressive increase in the number of rifampin resistant isolates during the past four years in Massachusetts. No resistant strains were isolated in 1971, but two strains resistant to 1 mug of rifampin/ml were isolated in 1972. Nine rifampin-resistant strains were isolated in 1973 and 16 were isolated in 1974. All but two of the resistant strains were isolated from patients who had received therapy for tuberculosis and had demonstrated resistance to other antituberculous agents. Rifampin-resistant strains were isolated from two patients, however, who had not received prior chemotherapy. Both strains were fully susceptible in vitro to other antituberculous drugs. PMID- 812926 TI - Secretory IgA antibody responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the genital secretions of infected females. AB - The serum and cervicovaginal secretions of six adolescent women with gonococcal cervicitis were examined and found to contain antibody of the IgA class to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The IgA antibody in the cervicovaginal secretions was of the secretory type, as shown by the fact that its concentration could be substantially reduced by absorption with an antibody specific for "secretory piece." Similar treatment of serum samples produced no reduction in titers of antibody. The local response was most frequently characterized by the prompt development of a concentration of IgA antibody exceeding that detected in the serum; local IgA levels returned to normal rapidly after the infection was terminated by appropriate antibiotic therapy. In each case studied, the quantitative and chronological features of the local response differed from those observed in the serum, a finding suggesting that the immune response generated in the genital tract was distinct from the systemic response. The possible implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infections were considered. PMID- 812927 TI - Host-parasite relationships in experimental airborne tuberculosis. V. Lack of hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the lungs in animals vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin. AB - The influence of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on the pathogenesis of experimental airborne tuberculosis was studied. In a model that approximates the conditions under which man is vaccinated and infected, BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated guinea pigs were infected by the respiratory route with an inoculum that resulted in the inhalation and retention (by each animal) of approximately three virulent tubercle bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv). Hematogenous seeding of the lungs occurred in unvaccinated animals about three weeks after aerosol infection but did not occur in BCG-vaccinated animals. Furthermore, the lungs of BCG-vaccinated animals failed to kill H37Rv that was introduced intravenously; however, evidence of mycobacteriostatic activity was found throughout the lungs. In view of the importance of hematogenous dissemination to the apex of the lungs in the establishment of pulmonary tuberculosis in man, the foregoing observations suggest a means by which vaccination with BCG may confer acquired resistance to tuberculosis. PMID- 812929 TI - Minocycline for prophylaxis of infection with Neisseria meningitidis: high rate of side effects in recipients. AB - A high rate of side effects (mostly vestibular) was found among 83 people receiving prophylaxis with minocycline because of contact with a patient who had died of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis. Three groups of contacts received different lots of minocycline and different dosage regimens. Seventy eight percent of these people had symptoms temporally related to ingestion of minocycline. These symptoms, which included dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, anorexia, and headache, generally commenced soon after initiation of chemoprophylaxis; the total dosage of minocycline was low. The high rate of vestibular side effects of minocycline militates against widespread use of minocycline for prophylaxis of meningococcal infection. PMID- 812928 TI - Binding of antibiotics to the human intracellular erythrocyte proteins hemoglobin and carbonic anhydase. AB - The interaction between human erythrocyte lysates and antibiotics was studied, and the effect of intracellular components on the activity and binding of the drugs was determined. Lysates inhibited antibacterial activity of penicillin G, dicloxacillin, tetracycline, and minocycline to about the same extent as did human plasma. Dicloxacillin activity was the most inhibited, followed by the activities of penicillin G, minocycline and tetracycline. All four antibiotics bound to human hemoglobin, as determined by gel filtration methods. Heme-free globin was also effective in binding the antibiotics. In addition, minocycline and tetracycline were bound to another erythrocytic protein, which, on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, molecular size, and localization, has been identified as carbonic anhydrase. Experiments with pure preparations of carbonic anhydrase revealed that the C isozyme is the major binder of the tetracyclines and that zinc is required for binding. Tetracyclines did not inhibit enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 812930 TI - [Acid glycoprotein contained in the saliva]. PMID- 812932 TI - Diastolic and systolic blood pressure measurements in monkeys determined by a noninvasive tail-cuff technique. AB - A noninvasive method to determine systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values in rhesus monkeys is described and evaluated. Simultaneous measurements of abdonimal aortic and tail-cuff pressures were compared for unanesthetized, anesthetized, hemorrhaged, and methoxamine-treated animals. Data indicated that correlation between direct and indirect methods were highly significant (r greater than or equal to 0.94); the mean differences found between the two measurements were less than or equal to 8 mm. Hg, with the exception of the methoxamine-treated groups. Reliability of the technique was considerably reduced following administration of this drug. PMID- 812931 TI - The effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on the primate model of allergic asthma. AB - Rhesus monkeys with reagin-mediated, immediate-type respiratory responses to ascaris antigen were used for comparison with the type of responses that occur from certain pharmacologic agents. Carbacholine produces a respiratory response that is the same type as an antigen-induced respiratory response and will sensitize an animal's airway so that a dose of antigen not reactive alone will stimulate a response. Antigen and histamine will sensitize the airway so that a subthreshold dose of carbacholine will produce a respiratory response. Atropine completely inhibited the carbacholine response and reversed the increased sensitivity to carbacholine that occurs after an antigen response. Atropine did not block the antigen-induced respiratory response or the respiratory response to prostagladin F2alpha. Partial inhibition of these responses may have occurred but was not detected in the systems used in these studies. A double-antigen challenge system in the rhesus model of asthma provides a useful technique for evaluating the effect of pharmacologic agents on the reagin-mediated respiratory response. PMID- 812933 TI - Growth and urinary metabolic excretion of pre-school children. PMID- 812934 TI - Detection of anti--DNA antibodies by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and passive hemagglutination titration techniques. PMID- 812935 TI - Studies on plasma corticosteroids in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The physiological regulation of the plasma corticosteroid concentration, measured by competitive protein-binding, was studied in female rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) sedated with phencyclidine hydrochloride. Morning basal levels of plasma corticosteroids were found to be in the range 8-0-25-2 mug/100 ml, which is lower than that previously reported in this species. A circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentration was demonstrated. Prolonged sedation with phencyclidine was associated with a gradual increase in the plasma cortisol concentration. Synthetic alpha1-24 adrenocorticotrophic hormone given intravenously caused a rapid rise in plasma cortisol, the minimum effective dose was between 1 and 10 ng/kg body weight and the response was maximal after 1000 ng/kg. The administration of lysine-vasopressin and the induction of hypoglycaemia by insulin were both followed by an increase in the plasma corticosteroid concentration. Metyrapone caused a decline in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and a concomitant increase in total corticosteroids measured by competitive protein-binding. It is concluded that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in the rhesus monkey functions in a manner which is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of man. PMID- 812936 TI - Proceedings: Is there any thyrotrophin releasing hormone in mammalian extra hypothalamic brain tissue? PMID- 812937 TI - Proceedings: Chronic oral administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone in the treatment of hypothalamic hypothyroidism. PMID- 812938 TI - Proceedings: Control of prolactin secretion in the terrapin (Chrysemys picta). PMID- 812939 TI - Proceedings: Hyperprolactinaemia in boys with gynaecomastia. PMID- 812941 TI - Sperm concentration and fertilization rate in Bufo arenarum (Amphibia: Anura). AB - The influence of sperm concentration upon the fertilization rate of Bufo arenarum oocytes was determinated. The experimental results were analysed according to the theories of Rothschild and Swann, and Hultin and Hagstrom for Psammechinus miliaris. The experimental results agreed with the predictions of the latter theory. Since Bufo arenarum and Psammechinus miliaris oocytes differ in both size and disposition of jelly envelopes, the postulations of Hultin and Hagstrom's theory appear to have a general validity. PMID- 812940 TI - Effect of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor on prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in male and female rats during various reproductive states. AB - The effect of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) on serum prolactin and LH concentrations was determined by radioimmunoassay in male, cyclic and pseudopregnant female rats. A solution of TRF (0-1, 0-25, 0-5 and 1 mug/rat) was injected i.v. at 17.00 h into rats pretreated with sodium pentobarbitone at 13.00 h. A group of male rats was also treated with TRF at 11.00 h after pretreatment with sodium pentobarbitone at 07.00 h. Fifteen minutes after TRF administration, blood samples were obtained by heart puncture. Doses of 0-25, 0-5 and 1 mug TRF significantly increased the serum prolactin concentration in pro-oestrous rats. The mean serum prolactin level after the injection of 0-5 and 1 mug into oestrous rats and 0-5 mug TRF into dioestrous day 2 rats, was significantly greater than the control values. Injection of TRF on day 1 of dioestrus had no effect. Serum LH concentration was not significantly modified by the various doses of TRF administered. On day 3 of pseudopregnancy a significant increase of serum prolactin values was obtained with 0-5 and 1 mug TRF. On day 7 of pseudopregnancy a dose of 0-5 mug produced the same effect, but on day 10 of pseudopregnancy only 1 mug TRF significantly increased serum prolactin levels when compared with the control rats. In male rats serum prolactin concentration was significantly greater than the control values after TRF treatment either in the morning or the afternoon. The response was similar to that obtained in pro-oestrous rats. The results suggest that the ability of synthetic TRF to stimulate prolactin release exists in both female and male rats and that TRF does not affect LH secretion. PMID- 812942 TI - The induction of mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250 and their selection by vancomycin. AB - The mutagenic and lethal effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), ultraviolet light irradiation and near-ultraviolet light irradiation with 8-methoxypsoralen on the bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250 were examined. The production of auxotrophic mutants was used as a measure of mutagenic efficiency. Under appropriate conditions all four agents were mutagenic. EMS and NTG although more effective than irradiation, did not cause such a high frequency of mutation as has been observed with other bacteria. A combination of vancomycin and penicillin V gave enrichment of non metabolizing bacteria and optimum conditions were found for the use of these compounds in a selection technique. PMID- 812943 TI - Surface-localized cortex-lytic enzyme in spores of Bacillus cereus T. PMID- 812944 TI - The relationship between aminosugars in the lipopolysaccharide, serotype, and aeruginocin sensitivity in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 812945 TI - The relationship between aminosurgars in the lipopolysaccharide, serotype, and aeruginocin sensitivity in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 812946 TI - Properties of the gamma haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus 'Smith 5R'. AB - Purified gamma haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus was characterized in relation to the alpha, beta and delta haemolysins. The sedimentation coefficient of the gamma lysin was 2-65, somewhat higher than the S20,w values of 1-4 for freshly purified alpha lysin and 1-8 for the beta lysin. The molecular weight of gamma lysin determined by gel filtration was 45000 daltons. The pI of gamma lysin was 6 0, while that of the alpha, beta and delta lysins ranged from 8-5 to 9-6. The amino acid analysis of gamma lysin was characterized by low levels of methionine and histidine. Methionine was, however, the N-terminus, which suggested that all of the amino acid might be involved in the N-terminal group. The gamma lysin was immunologically distinct from the alpha, beta and delta lysins by quantitative precipitin tests; in Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion tests, single lines of precipitation were observed which showed no evidence of cross-reactions amongst the four haemolysins. Gamma, beta and delta lysins had no affect in mice when injected at increasing doses ranging from 0 to 100 mug. The alpha lysin killed mice, the LD50 dose being 0-60 +/- 0-12 mug, or 27 to 34 mug/kg mouse tissue. Gamma lysin was, however, lethal for guinea pigs when 50 mug quantities were injected intracradially. Gamma lysin also lysed human leucocytes and destroyed C 6 (human lymphoblast) cells. PMID- 812947 TI - The effect of medium redox potential on the folate-limited growth of Lactobacillus casei var. rhamnosus. AB - The medium redox potential (Eh) influenced the folate-limited growth of Lactobacillus casei; the growth response was maximal at an Eh of +120 mV (pH 6 35). At raised Eh serum folate would support less growth than pteroylglutamic acid, and the response to N5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid was intermediate between them. Pteroylglutamic acid was not destroyed during 24 h incubation at 37 degrees C in medium with Eh values between +40 and +440 mV. Destruction of N5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid occurred within 24 h when the medium Eh was greater than +125 mV. Folate was taken up rapidly by L. casei with an Eh optimum at +270 mV. PMID- 812949 TI - The inability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pili antibodies to confer immunity in subcutaneous guinea-pig chambers. PMID- 812948 TI - Concanavalin A-induced nuclear division in Stylonychia mytilus. PMID- 812951 TI - The utilization of Tween 80 as carbon source by Pseudomonas. PMID- 812952 TI - Urease activity in the rumen of sheep and the isolation of ureolytic bacteria. AB - Urease activity in the sheep rumen varied with the diet of the sheep, but appeared to be largely or entirely present in the small bacterial fraction. Screening of over 1000 strains of rumen bacteria isolated on different media showed that urease activity was apparently confined to species of Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus casei var. casei and Klebsiella aerogenes. Consideration of the numbers in which these occurred and their activities suggested that the bacteria could not be responsible for the total rumen urease activity. By enrichment culture a ureolytic strain of Streptococcus faecium was isolated. This had a higher urease activity than the other bacteria and occurred in higher numbers in the rumen. It could live with other bacteria in the rumen of a gnotobiotic lamb in numbers, and with a urease activity, comparable with those in the normal sheep rumen. The other properties of the bacterium also suggested that it would grow and produce urease in the rumen, but was unlikely to retain its urease activity after isolation. It was concluded that this bacterium was the main source of rumen urease in roughage-fed, and probably other, sheep. PMID- 812953 TI - Effect of calcium ions on growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - Addition of calcium ions increased 2- to 3-fold the growth of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 2I in a minimal glucose-containing medium. The minimal concentration enhancing growth was 25 to 50 mug/ml CaCl2. Other divalent and trivalent cations tested, except for strontium ions, did not duplicate the calcium effect. Actively growing and dividing cells took up 45Ca2+, while resting yeast cells did not. The radiocalcium taken up was incorporated into newly synthesized structural material, presumably into the membrane protein. PMID- 812954 TI - A lack of inhibitory action of bacteriophage T4 ghosts in the presence of EDTA. AB - Adsorption of bacteriophage T4 ghosts on to Escherichia coli cells has been known to cause a dramatic change in the cellular metabolism, the effect being similar to that of colicin K. It is shown here that the inhibitory activity of ghosts is not expressed either at 0 degrees C in the ordinary media (like colicin K) or even at 30 degrees C in a medium containing EDTA, in contrast to colicin K. Since the process of sheath contraction of T4 phage is blocked by EDTA, it is suggested that the adsorbed ghosts may not exert their inhibitory activity until sheath extraction occurs. PMID- 812955 TI - Characterization and properties of phage B33, a female-specific phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The morphology and physico-chemical properties of a temperate phage, B33, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been determined. This phage is similar in size and structure to the previously described and serologically related phage B3 (Holloway, Egan & Monk, 1960), but differs from it in its plating properties on bacteria harbouring R plasmids. The plasmid RP1-1 causes a reduction in e.o.p. of B33 of 10(-6), and the mechanism whereby this occurs has been studied. The interaction is a specfic one since other plasmids either fail to affect plating or completely abolish it. The mechanism by which the latter occurs is different from that mediated by RP1-1, since mutants of B33 insensitive to RP1-1 nevertheless fail to plaque on these hosts. PMID- 812956 TI - Evidence for host-dependent modification and restriction of bacteriophage DNA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Wild isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be divided into the three internationally recognized phage types on the basis of susceptibility to mycobacteriophages DS6A, BK1 and D34. Strains of type A are lysed at high efficiency by DS6A only; type B is lysed by BK1 grown on Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607 and DS6A, while type C is lysed additionally by D34 grown on atypical Mycobacterium F130. Propagation of D34 on a C-strain (D34-C) or BK1 on a B-strain (BK1-B) has no effect on viral host-range. D34-C has an efficiency of plating (e.o.p.) of 10(-5) on type B strains and 10(-7) on A strains. BK1-B plates on A strains at an e.o.p. of 10(-5). BK1 recovered from and repropagated on an A strain (BK1-A) has an e.o.p. of 1-0 on strains of all classes. D34-B has an e.o.p. of 1-0 on strains of type B and C, while D34-A plates with high efficiency on types B and C and displayed an e.o.p. of 10(-4) on type A. Repropagation of these viruses on the M. tuberculosis strains originally lysed by them results in the restoration of their previous host range. Variations in plating efficiency cannot be explained by differences in viral absorption alone. These findings suggest that the three phage types of human tubercle bacilli are related by a hierarchical pattern of DNA restriction and modification in which the C pattern is included in the B, and both patterns are included in A-modified DNA. Viruses such as DS6A which are equally virulent for strains of all classes are not susceptible to host dependent restriction. PMID- 812957 TI - Bacteriophage MX-1: properties of the phage and its structural proteins. AB - Bacteriophage MX-1 is a virulent DNA phage for Myxococcus. The host range includes strains of Myxococcus xanthus, M. fulvus and M. virescens. The phage has a sedimentation coefficient (S degrees 20,w) of 1145S and a density of 1-531 g/ml. By using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 23 phage proteins with apparent mol. wt. between 10000 and 150000 were resolved. Gel filtration in the presence of non-ionic detergent partially resolved the proteins. The fraction excluded from Sephadex G-100, fraction 1, contains two glycoproteins. Fraction 1 was resolved into three fractions (1-1, 1-2 and 1-3) by chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The glycoproteins were present in fraction 1-2; all the proteins from this fraction were derived from the phage tail. Comparison of the amino acid, hexosamine and neutral-sugar compositions of the two glycoproteins showed that they are distinct molecular species; the smaller molecule is not a subunit of the larger. The significance of these findings is discussed and compared with the proteins of the tails of T-even phage of Escherichia coli. PMID- 812958 TI - [A case of Goldenhar syndrome: acute vitamin A intoxication in the mother during pregnancy]. AB - The authors describe the case of a boy aged 2 1/2, who showed at birth a bilateral epibulbar dermoid, preauricular appendices on the left side and other malformations suggesting Goldenhar's syndrome. The history disclosed that in the second month of pregnancy the mother had accidentally swallowed 10 ml of an oily solution of Vitamin A during a laboratory manipulation. In their discussion, the autonrs analyse the teratogenic action of Vitamin A during embryonic development and review the aetiologies found in cases of Goldenhar's syndrome. PMID- 812959 TI - Taurine in the brain and liver of the developing human and monkey. PMID- 812960 TI - Raised intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. 5. Effects of episodic intracranial pressure waves in primates. AB - The effects of episodic waves of intracranial pressure on cerebral blood flow were studied in primates. Six pressure waves each of 20 minutes' duration and ranging from 50 to 100 mmHg in magnitude were induced in baboons, at intervals of 30 minutes, in an attempt to simulate clinical plateau waves. With pressure waves up to 75 mmHg, cerebral blood flow remained at control levels despite falling cerebral perfusion pressures. Between the initial pressure waves a marked hyperaemia developed, with cerebral blood flow increasing by as much as 100%, and this appeared to be a means whereby adequate flow was maintained during pressure waves. Later pressure waves, up to 100 mmHg, eventually reduced blood flow below control levels, although moderately high flows were maintained during periods of very low perfusion pressure. Brain metabolism was affected by eht episodic pressure waves, although no consistent change was seen. PMID- 812961 TI - A study of the cerebrospinal fluid in atypical presentations of tuberculous meningitis. AB - Atypical clinical and CSF profiles encountered in TBM are highlighted. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were isolated from the CSF of 7 patients in spite of the complete absence of any cellular response and also from another 3 patients who had no clinical evidence of meningitis. M. flavescens was cultured from the CSF in 4 patients. PMID- 812962 TI - Studies to improve fixation of human nerves. IV. Effect of time elapsed between death and glutaraldehyde fixation on density of microtubules and neurofilaments. AB - Glutaraldehyde fixation of rat peroneal nerves after the animal was killed (simulated autopsy) was associated with a statistically significant decrease of density (number per unit area) of microtubules (MT) in comparison with controls (simulated biopsy). The density of MT decreased progressively with prolongation of time elapsed prior to glutaraldehyde fixation (1, 6, and 12 hours). Such a time effect was not demonstrated for density of neurofilaments. PMID- 812963 TI - Changes in local cerebral blood flow following profound systemic hypotension. AB - The authors studied local cerebral blood flow in monkeys rendered hypotensive by infusion of a ganglionic blocking agent. Application of the 14C-antipyrine method demonstrated that the blood flow: 1) normally varies reproducibly from one structure to another within the brain; 2) appears at its lowest level in all structures during the early minutes of a rapid-onset hypotension; 3) maintains the same general rank order of blood flow rate during hypotension as was present during normotension; and 4) returns to supranormal levels immediately following the rapid restoration of blood pressure. The values for local cerebral blood flow remain close-to-normal in some animals and diminish significantly in others during late recovery from hypotension. The close-to-normal values accompany uncomplicated recoveries while the diminished values appear in those animals which became neurologically depressed. Areas of the brain considered predisposed to hypotensive injury did not exhibit depressions in blood flow rate during hypotension more markedly than did other brain areas. The present results are interpreted as strong evidence against the "border zone" hypothesis. PMID- 812964 TI - The 12-hour shift: better quality, lower cost. PMID- 812965 TI - Changing practice: by choice rather than chance. PMID- 812966 TI - Experimental studies of food selective behavior in squirrel monkeys fed on riboflavin deficient diet. AB - A squirrel monkey, if it needs a particular dietary component because of a metabolic disorder or because that food has been excluded from its diet, will develop a specific hunger for the food. In cases where specific hungers show up clearly, four behaviors can be demonstrated: (1) The monkey prefers the food it needs to other foods that are also available; (2) It usually ingests large amounts of the food to meet its particular physiological requirements; (3) The animal will tend to eat the needed food even while the stomach is full; (4) When vitamin B2 is removed from its diet, a squirrel monkey will exhibit digestive disturbance, general weakness, a lack of vigor, and loss of weight. PMID- 812967 TI - Monkey contrast threshold for aperiodic patterns. AB - A monkey's and a human subject's threshold responses were measured for single- and double-bar patterns of high spatial frequency. The observed values were compared to predicted values which were derived from each subject's contrast sensitivity function. A theoretical peak-to-trough threshold mechanism was assumed in the calculations. The threshold predictions, which are couched in the assumption that the spatial visual system is linear near its threshold, were found to be close to observed values. The results are interpreted to suggest that the monkey visual system analyzes spatial information in qualitatively and quantitatively similar ways to human, and that a linear theory may be used for analyses of primate vision. PMID- 812969 TI - Atrioventricular conduction disturbance during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 812968 TI - Recent advances in calcium metabolism. I. Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis. AB - Within recent years newly acquired knowledge has provided a clearer understanding of some aspects of the complex mechanisms that collectively maintain calcium homeostasis within body fluids and it is our intent to define current concepts of the interrelationship of these various factors to the end that fuller understanding may be available concerning the maintenance of calcuim homeostasis in health as well as features which result in its disruption and the consequent effects of imbalances of calcium in various disease states. In this first section dealing with the physiologic state, there are included descriptions of: (1) the metabolism of vitamin D, the synthesis of its active metabolites, 25 OHD3 and1.25(OH)2D3, and the metabolic actions of the active vitamin D metabolite and analogues upon gastrointestinal, bone, and kidney functions; (2) the synthesis, secretion, and metabolic activity of parathyroid hormone and the difficulties with the radioimmunoassay of PTH related to the number of PTH-like peptides in the circulation; and (3) the chemistry, metabolism, and biologic activities of calcitonin, a hypocalcemic principle derived from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is emphasized that under normal circumstances these humoral mechanisms act in an integrated manner to maintain serum concentrations of total and ionized calcium within narrowly defined limits. PMID- 812970 TI - Letter: Origin of acidosis in total parenteral nutrition: Controversy. PMID- 812971 TI - Specific inhibitory factors of cellular immunity in children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Employing a 51Cr release cytotoxicity microassay, and using both measles-and SSPE infected target cells, four patients with documented SSPE were evaluated for specific cellular and humoral immunity. Mononuclear leukocytes from SSPE patients and control subjects exhibited comparable cytotoxicity. Serum and CSF from these SSPE patients inhibited the cellular response to SSPE-infected cells but not to measles-infected cells. Moreover, fresh whole serum alone from control donors produced significant 51Cr release from both cell lines, whereas SSPE whole serum was effective only against measles-infected cells. CSF from an additional ten patients with SSPE was examined for inhibitory activity: seven of these completely blocked and one partially blocked cell-mediated cytotoxicity to SSPE infected cells. Preliminary characterization of the serum inhibitory factor suggested that it is IgM or antigen-antibody complexes. These data also suggest antigenic differences between the SSPE and measles viruses. PMID- 812972 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease in an adult male: A proposed X-linked defect. AB - A 25-year old patient with chronic granulomatous disease of somewhat unusual history is described. The diagnosis of CGD was based on increased susceptibility to infection, granulomatous appearance of tissues, and diminished bactericidal and metabolic response of leukocytes during phagocytosis: the clinical and cellular features considered phenotypic of CGD. A 16-year-old female sibling had bactericidal and metabolic abnormalities of leukocyte function similar to those of the patient's leukocytes. Leukocytes from another sister, 26 years of age, were intermediate in bactericidal capacity. Two populations of leukocytes were identified by a histochemical test of NBT reduction. Both normal and abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocytes were present in the leukocyte population of the two sisters. Leukocytes from the patient's mother and maternal grandmother were normal by all methods tested. These findings are taken as evidence of a germ-line mutation in the chromosomal gene causing CGD, with transmission of the genetic defect from the mother to the son. PMID- 812973 TI - The radiographic demonstration of fatty liver in children (a clue to protein malnutrition). PMID- 812974 TI - Neonatal listeriosis: distribution of serotypes in relation to age at onset of disease. PMID- 812975 TI - Plasma amino acid changes in the postsurgical newborn during intravenous nutrition with a synthetic amino acid solution. AB - Plasma amino acid concentrations during the therapeutic use of a crystalline amino acid solution are presented and discussed. In an attempt to avoid potentially dangerous hyperaminoacidemia, a maximum infusion rate of 350 mg nitrogen/kg/day was chosen. This resulted in the majority of the amino acids remaining within two standard deviations of normal mean,3 although levels of aspartate, glutamate, proline, valine, and isoleucine are in excess of this limit. No amino acid level is as much as one standard deviation below the mean, the lowest in this respect being lysine. A moderate increase in nitrogen provision is probably desirable to improve weight gain, but this solution would result in undesirable increases in these amino acid concentrations. PMID- 812976 TI - Endotoxin clearance after intralipid infusion. AB - Healthy 6-8-wk-old New Zealand white rabbits were injected with chromium-chloride or sodium-chromate-labeled E. coli endotoxin after rapid infusion (10 ml/kg in 1 hr) or slow and repeated infusions (40 ml/kg daily for 7 consecutive days) of 10% Intralipid. Endotoxin clearance rates and RES organ uptakes were determined and the results were compared with those of the controls treated with correspondingly equal volumes of 5% D/W instead of fat. In the acute experiment, the clearance rates were similar in all animals during the first 15 min following endotoxin injection. After this phase, however, experimental animals had faster endotoxin clearance and eventually higher organ uptakes than the controls. In the chronic experiment, there was no significant difference in endotoxin clearance rates or total and per-gram organ uptakes between experimental and corresponding control animals infused with 5% D/W instead of fat. Experimental animals, particularly those having received multiple infusions of fat emulsion, showed deposition of polarizable brown pigment inside and outside the reticuloendothelial cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. None of the controls had these pigments in their organs. PMID- 812977 TI - Diagnosis and management of atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. AB - One hundred and thirty children with superficial atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis have been treated between 1958 and 1974. The introduction of Double Mantoux testing has provided a reliable means of differentiating human and bovine from atypical infection and has enabled us to cease the routine use of antituberculous drugs. Adequate local surgical excision has become the treatment of choice. PMID- 812978 TI - Disposition of diethylstilbestrol in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 812979 TI - Effects of morphine and narcotic antagonists on avoidance behavior of the squirrel monkey. AB - The effects of morphine, cyclazocine and nalorphine were evaluated on the continuous avoidance behavior of the squirrel monkey with schedule parameters similar to those used in previous studies on the rat. With this schedule, a lever pressing response postponed or terminated the delivery of an electric shock to the monkey's tail. Dose-response curves were determined for each drug administered alone and in combination with 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone. In the 1st hour of a 4-hour session, avoidance responding was increased slightly by low doses of morphine and cyclazocine and was decreased by higher doses; nalorphine only increased responding at all doses tested. In hour 4 of the session, the effects of morphine were similar to those at hour 1; cyclazocine produced only a dose related increase in response rate and nalorphine had no effect on responding. All drug effects were blocked by naloxone. The effects of these drugs in the monkey are qualitatively similar to those described for behavior maintained under similar schedule contingencies in the rat, although quantitative differences in drug effects between the two species are apparent. Nalorphine, naloxone and naltrexone were also compared in reversing the depression of avoidance behavior induced by 10 mg/kg of morphine. As antagonists of the response-rate decreasing effects of this dose of morphine, the relative potencies of naltrexone:naloxone:nalorphine were 30:10:1 in hour 1, and 100:10:1 in hour 4. The durations of action of naloxone and nalorphine were equivalent and were shorter than that of naltrexone. The potencies and durations of action for reversing morphine-induced depression of the avoidance behavior of the squirrel monkey are similar to those derived from tests involving the precipitation of abstinence by these narcotic antagonists in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys as well as in human volunteers. PMID- 812980 TI - Nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on cardiac metabolism and dynamics in a new experimental model of angina pectoris. AB - An experimental model of angina pectoris has been developed in order to study the hemodynamic, metabolic and electrophysiological alterations of the heart assumed to occur in the human disease and to analyze the influence of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on the above changes. In anesthetized and thoractomized dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was autoperfused from the subclavian artery. Coronary blood flow was reduced until the epicardial monopolar electrocardiogram recorded from the myocardial segment supplied by the constricted coronary artery was just short of ischemic changes. O2 consumption and lactate uptake of the same segment were determined from the arteriovenous difference by sampling venous blood draining this area. Increasing heart rate by 50 to 70 beats/min by electrical pacing of the right atrium evoked a reversible and reporducible elevation of the ST segment and T wave of the electrocardiogram. Blood flow to the area perfused by the constricted coronary artery as well as the O2 uptake of the same area failed to increase on pacing. A concomitant decrease of lactate uptake, sometimes becoming even negative, was indicative of ischemia of that area. These changes could be reduced or prevented by a 10-minute infusion of a total dose of 20 mug/kg of nitroglycerin but not by 60 mug/kg of dipyridamole. Since the changes are fully reversible and readily reproducible, and the response also appears to show parallelisms with those observed in the human patient during an acute angina pectoris attack, use of this model for the assay of antianginal drugs seems to be warranted. PMID- 812981 TI - Biogenic amines and the photomyoclonic syndrome in the baboon, Papio papio. AB - The role of biogenic amines in the proclivity of the baboon, Papio papio, to exhibit an epileptoid response to flashing light was studied. Intraventricular injections of epinephrine and norepinephrine reduced or blocked the photomyoclonic syndrome without modifying ongoing behavior. Epinephrine was effective at doses of 100 mg and more, and norepinephrine was effective at doses of 250 mg and more. Neither intraventricular injections of as much as 1.5 mg of dopamine and 1.0 mg of serotonin nor chronic systemic administration of L-dopa and L-tryptophan affected the syndrome, but reserpine, administered chronically at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day, induced photosensitivity in previously nonphotosensitive animals. Seizure testing of usually photosensitive animals 12 hours after reserpine, 0.5 mg/kg, showed that the drug prevented totally or reduced the intensity of seizures in these animals. Studies of the spontaneous electroencephalogram and of visually evoked potentials of the reserpine-treated animals revealed changes in power spectra and in the averaged evoked response from the occipital area which paralleled the induction of photosensitivity. The probability that epinephrine and norepinephrine brain concentrations are essential for inhibitory modulation and control of seizures in this species is discussed. PMID- 812983 TI - Proceedings: The effect of cooling nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum in rhesus monkeys on the tracking of a visual target. PMID- 812982 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase systems of rabbit tissues and their inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Prostaglandin synthetase activities in the microsomal fractions of seven rabbit tissues have been partially characterized. All of the microsomal preparations required arachidonic acid, hydroquinone and reduced glutathione for enzymatic activity. The synthetic systems of the renal medulla were most active followed by microsomal preparations from the renal cortex, lung, brain, spleen, uterus and heart. Three structurally distinct nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin, flufenamic acid and aspirin, inhibited the production of prostaglandins by these microsomes. The effectiveness of these drugs depended on the concentration of substrate. When assayed under identical experimental conditions, the inhibiting activity of each of these drugs for the synthetase of each of the tissues was the same. PMID- 812984 TI - Proceedings: Visual and taste neurones in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata: modulation of responsiveness by hunger. PMID- 812986 TI - Genital listeriosis (a case report). PMID- 812987 TI - Polyamines in bovine epididymal spermatozoa. PMID- 812985 TI - Some electrical and mechanical effects of strontium on toad ventricular muscle: comparison to calcium. AB - 1. The mechanical and electrophysiological effects of Sr were evaluated and compared to those of Ca in isolated, electrically driven toad ventricular muscle strips. The effects of Ca and Sr were compared at concentrations from control (2 mM) to 10 mM either by substitution of Sr for Ca at equimolar concentration, or by maintenance of a constant total Ca plus Sr concentration within which individual Ca and Sr concentrations were varied. 2. Changes in the degree of contractile activation were evaluated in terms of changes in maximal dT/dt of isometric contractions, maximal dL/dt of very lightly loaded isotonic contractions, and the shape of after-loaded force-velocity curves, with specific attention directed to the shape of the curves as they approached Vmax on the velocity axis. Effects on the cell membrane were evaluated in terms of changes in the transmembrane action potential (recorded with glass micro-electrodes) and in the mechanical parameters directly related to its duration in amphibian ventricle, viz. the duration of isometric tension and of isotonic shortening. Isometric tension and action potentials were recorded simultaneously. 3. Ca and Sr, at concentrations above control, had similar but not identical effects on dT/dt and dL/dt. Both ions alone in equimolar concentrations, or together at constant total Ca plus Sr concentration, increased dT/dt and dL/dt and shifted force-velocity curves upward. At constant total Ca plus Sr concentration, force velocity curves were virtually superimposable as they approached the velocity intercept. 4. The duration of the action potential was markedly prolonged by Sr and shortened by Ca in concentrations above control. Unlike dT/dt and dL/dt, the total duration of isometric tension and isotonic shortening depended upon the specific Ca and Sr concentrations within a constant total concentration, and were progressively prolonged as the Sr concentration was increased. 5. The similar effects of Ca and Sr on dT/dt, dL/dt, and on the force-velocity relationship at light loads depended upon the presence of Ca ions. In Sr alone, dT/dt and dL/dt were faster than in an equimolar concentration of Ca, and time to maximal dT/dt and dL/dt was prolonged. The force-velocity curve in Sr alone was consistently shifted upward beyond the other curves in which Ca was present. These differences between the two ions are attributed in part to the rapid and early repolarization of the action potential in elevated Ca and the resultant abbreviation of the build up in active state and slower dT/dt and dL/dt. 6. The results suggest that Ca and Sr act in a similar although not identical way in activating contraction but are competitive at the cell membrane. PMID- 812988 TI - Preovulatory and ovulatory mechanisms in oocyte maturation. AB - Studies of the effect of gonadotrophins on the cumulus and oocyte or on the whole follicle in vitro offer a good tool for understanding the mechanisms of oocyte maturation, the ability of follicles of different sizes to respond to gonadotrophins and the processes of atresia. The birth of normal young from intrafollicular oocytes matured in vitro furnishes proof that in-vitro techniques are valuable as long as follicular integrity is maintained during the whole culture period. PMID- 812989 TI - The eye of the newborn foal. PMID- 812990 TI - Podophyllotoxin analogs. 1. Synthesis and biological evaluation of certain trans 2-aryl-trans-6-hydroxymethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid gamma-lactones as antimitotic agents. AB - A series of cis and trans bicyclic lactones was prepared as congeners of podophyllotoxin (1) and evaluated as antimitotic agents both in cell cultures grown in vitro and in an in vitro protein binding assay. All compounds displayed insignificant activity-a result which may reflect insufficient structural similarity to podophyllotoxin or which may be interpreted as in agreement with previous observations of the stereochemical requirements for antimitotic activity defined for 1. PMID- 812991 TI - Synthesis of inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biogenesis. Analogs of D-alanyl-D alanine. PMID- 812992 TI - Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 8-hydroxyquinoline analogs as inhibitors of dental plaque. AB - A group of 5-substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines with predicted log P values in the 1 4 range has been prepared from either 8-hydroxyquinoline or its appropriate derivative. 5-Formyl-, 5-iodo-, 5-fluoro-, 5-acetyl-, and 5-methoxymethyl-8 hydroxyquinoline in addition to methyl-5(8-hydroxyquinolyl)acetate and ethyl 5-(8 hydroxyquinolyl)acetate displayed greater in vitro antiplaque activity than 8 hydroxyquinoline. PMID- 812993 TI - Adamantanamine derivatives. Antimicrobial activities of certain Mannich bases. AB - A series of Mannich condensation products containing the beta-(1 adamantylamino)propiophenone skeleton (type I) and the o-(1 adamantylaminomethyl)phenol skeleton (type II) was synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi by the agar diffusion and tube dilution methods. Type I compounds were more active than type II compounds and had a broad-spectrum effect on certain gram-negative and gram positive bacteria, acid-fast bacteria, a yeast, and a mold. PMID- 812994 TI - Chemistry and antibacterial activity of nitrobenzofurans. AB - Thirteen 2-methylbenzofurans were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was investigated. 2-Methyl-3-nitrobenzofuran and analogs containing 7-NO2, 5-NO2, 7-Br, 7-CONH2, and 7-CF3 substituents are bacteriostatic. The spectrum of activity of these compounds is similar to nitrofurazone; however, a strain of E. coli Br which has increased resistance to nitrofurazone did not show increased resistance to 3,7-dinitro-2-methylbenzofuran (1). The 3-nitro-2-methylbenzofurans are labile in solution (T1/2 0.8-3.5 hr at 37 degrees, pH 7.0). The solvolysis product of 1 was identified as alpha,6-dinitro-o-cresol (15). The 3 nitrobenzofurans are more potent in minimal media than in Penassay broth. This greater potency can be abolished by addition of casamino acids and tryptophan to the minimal media. PMID- 812995 TI - Proceedings: Survival of gonococci in millipore chambers implanted subcutaneously in mice. PMID- 812996 TI - Enterobacterial chelators of iron: their occurrence, detection, and relation to pathogenicity. AB - In or on agar media, low-density seedings of enterobacteria fail to grow in the presence of certain concentrations of ethylene diamine-di-orthohydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA); on the other hand, high-density seedings not only grow but secrete iron chelators which release the iron bound by the EDDA in the medium and stimulate the growth of low-density seedings. Plates of media containing EDDA with low-density seedings of indicator organisms were used to survey iron chelator production in seven enterobacterial genera, including a number of virulent smooth (S) forms from which rough (R) mutants had been obtained. An examination of over 80 strains of Aeromonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Shigella species indicated that the iron chelators from bacteria in all these genera were functionally interchangeable. Chelator production was equally good with randomly selected avirulent and virulent strains of Klebsiella spp. and E. coli; and with the S forms and their avirulent R mutants in one pair of escherichiae, six pairs of salmonellae (4 species) and six pairs of shigellae (3 species). As determinable in vitro, the capacity to synthesise iron chelators is clearly no index of the capacity of a strain to proliferate in vivo. PMID- 812997 TI - The faecal flora in ulcerative colitis. AB - Differential counts of the faecal flora of patients with ulcerative colitis showed a dysbiotic flora with a 100-fold increase of group-D streptococci and a reduction of bifidobacteria in comparison with the stable eubiotic flora of healthy subjects. The increase in number in group-D streptococci was accompanied by an increase in variety. About four different varieties of enterococci were found in faeces from patients compared with one or two in samples from healthy subjects. The strains isolated from patients were more active in mucin breakdown, and only strains from patients were able to break down hyaluronic acid. Lactic acid could be formed from these substrates. The increased secretion of mucin in colitis and the presence of unprotected hyaluronic acid in ulcers seem to select these organisms which are probably the cause of the high lactic-acid content of the faeces in such patients. PMID- 812998 TI - Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the influence of culture medium on the stability of mucus production. AB - Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), those obtained from non-CF patients, and those obtained in vitro by the action of phage, were found to be stable in their mucoid colonial form when serially subcultured on deoxycholate-citrate agar. The ability of anionic, cationic and neutral surfactants to stabilise mucus production is described. The possible importance of dipalmitoyl lecithin as a stabilising agent for mucus production in vivo is considered, with particular reference to the role of mucoid P. aeruginosa in CF disease. PMID- 812999 TI - Pyocin-sensitivity testing as a method of typing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: use of "phage-free" preparations of pyocin. AB - A method for pyocin-sensitivity typing by means of "phage-free" preparations of pyocin is described. The method was tested on 227 isolates of P. aeruginosa, collected from 34 different foci of infection in hospitals in the British Isles and the results were compared with those for combined serological and phage typing of all strains and pyocin production of 105 of the isolates. It is concluded that pyocin-sensitivity typing is a simple and reliable method giving a high degree of discrimination, comparable to that of combined serological and phage typing, and it is suitable for use in routine hospital laboratories. PMID- 813000 TI - Bacillus cereus food poisoning: a provisional serotyping scheme. AB - A provisional serotyping scheme for Bacillus cereus has been developed. Eighteen selected cultures of B. cereus isolated from foods and clinical specimens were used to prepare agglutinating sera against the flagellar antigen. There were no significant cross-reactions between the sera. The sera were used to type 137 isolates of B. cereus from 34 British and Australian incidents of food poisoning associated with the consumption of cooked rice. The majority of the isolates from samples of food (56 of 84; 66-7%) and from clinical specimens (43 of 53; 81-1%) were of H-serotype 1. Types 1, 3 and 5 were isolated from foods, clinical specimens or both, obtained from 31 of the 34 episodes. Sixty-six isolates of B. cereus were obtained from 63 samples of uncooked long-grain rice. The majority of the isolates (38 of 66; 57-6%) were untypable and types 1, 3 and 5 made up only 5 of 66 (7-5%) of the total. The results support the theory that B. cereus may cause two distinct forms of foodborne illness. Strains from incidents of food poisoning characterised by a longer incubation period and with diarrhoea as the main symptom have provided serotypes 2, 6, 8, 9 and 10, whereas those causing the rice-associated emetic illness are usually serotypes 1, 3 or 5. PMID- 813001 TI - A multipurpose specimen-carrier for handling small biological objects through critical point drying. AB - A specimen-carrier for safely handling, protecting and drying minute biological specimens down to 1.0 mum in size during the various steps of the critical point drying procedure is described. Free, unattached cells or subcellular fragments can be processed without loss and without risk of unintentional air-drying. PMID- 813002 TI - Native and imported transfer RNA in mitochondria. PMID- 813003 TI - The codon binding site of the Escherichia coli ribosome as studied with a chemically reactive A-U-G analog. PMID- 813004 TI - On the bidirectional replication of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. PMID- 813005 TI - A comparison of excitation-contraction coupling in heart and skeletal muscle: an examination of "calcium-induced calcium-release". PMID- 813007 TI - Letter to the editor: Tetrahymena DNA forms a single band in alkaline density gradients. PMID- 813006 TI - Sequence studies on 16S ribosomal RNA from a blue-green alga. AB - The 16S ribosomal RNA of the blue green alga Anacystis nidulans has been characterized in terms of the oligomers generated by digestion with T1 ribonuclease. A. nidulans by this criterion is definitely a procaryote; being no more distant from Bacilli or Enterics than the latter two are from one another. A. nidulans appears to be somewhat more closely related to the Bacilli than to the Enterics. PMID- 813008 TI - Oncorna-like viruses in baboon prostate tissue. AB - Oncorna-like virus particles were observed in prostate tissue of 2 of 11 baboons inoculated 3 years previously with a chemical carcinogen. There were no indications, however, of any relationship between the carcinogen and the development of virus particles. Biopsy specimens from the animals showed no evidence of neoplasia, and electron microscopic examination suggested that this virus should be categorized as a B-type oncornavirus. PMID- 813009 TI - Transformation of human osteosarcoma cells by a chemical carcinogen. AB - A human osteosarcoma clonal cell line (TE-85, clone F-5) was treated in vitro with various levels of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene or dimethyl sulfoxide (control). Cells treated only with the carcinogen underwent morphologic alteration in vitro, and one of these altered cell lines produced tumors subcutaneously and intracerebrally when injected into NIH nude mice. PMID- 813010 TI - Cocarcinogenic activity of peroxy compounds. AB - Peracetic acid was a potent tumor promoter and a weak complete carcinogen on the skin of female ICR Swiss mice. "Decomposed peracetic acid" was inactive as a tumor promoter, as were 3% [hydrogen peroxide and 5%] urea peroxide; 1% perbenzoic acid and m-chloroperbenzoic acid were active tumor prototers. PMID- 813011 TI - Alterations of glycolipid glycosyltrasnferase levels in lymphoma and lymphoid tissues of lymphoma-bearing hamsters. AB - Thymus from lymphoma-bearing hamsters in advanced stages of tumor growth showed enhanced activities of four glycolipid-glycosyltransferases which lead to the step-wise synthesis of lactosylceramide to Forssman hapten. The alpha galactosyltransferase activity of the thymus was decreased until day 6 of inoculation but increased thereafter. The activities of all the transferases tested were significantly lowered in lymphoma tissue. The level of UDP-galactose pyrophosphatase did not correlate with the transferase activities. PMID- 813012 TI - Dermal carcinogenicity study by mouse-skin painting with 2,4-toluendediamine alone or in representative hair dye formulations. AB - The chronic toxicity of 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) alone or in conbination with a hair dye complex (2,5-toluenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, and resorcinol) was studied in Swiss-Webster mice of both sexes by a skin-painting technique. The predominant neoplasms seen in these mice were primary pulmonary adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Skin neoplasms were seen in most groups of mice, including untreated control mice. Statistical analysis of the incidences of skin neoplasms among the various groups of mice did not show any significant differences. The 2,4-TDA alone or mixed with the hair dye complex did not produce any abnormal proliferation and maturation of the squamous epithelium of the skin. The 2,4-TDA under our experimental conditions was found to be nontoxic and noncarcinogenic to the skin of mice. PMID- 813013 TI - Lead in animal foods. AB - Analyses for lead content were carried out on 78 random samples of pet food (purchased in local grocery outlets) and on 25 individual rations for laboratory animals. The lead content of 46 samples of cat food ranged from 0.1 to 7.6 mug/g, 32 dog foods ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 mug/g, and 25 laboratory animal feeds ranged from 0.1 t0 4.0 mug/g. Foods that contain a significant amount of lead could add an uncontrolled variable to experiments using laboratory animals and may cause misinterpretation of experimental results. PMID- 813014 TI - Pulmonary compliance changes after experimental head injury. AB - Reduced static compliance has been reported in the lungs of experimental animals removed immediately after head injury. To relate these findings to clinical human experience, pulmonary dynamic compliance measurements were continuously made by clinically applicable methods in 18 monkeys subjected to severe head trauma. After a 2-hr control period, the monkeys were given a standard blow on the head and followed for 2 more hours. Two monkeys died immediately after trauma and two during the succeeding two hours. Pulmonary compliance significantly decreased in these animals only at time of death. No change in compliance was noted in animals which did not die during the 2 hours of observation after trauma were killed by further trauma. These animals did not demonstrate decreased compliance. The findings suggest that the mechanical characteristics of the lungs following head trauma in experimental animals can be measured by methods used clincally and may remain unaltered until immediately before the time of death. PMID- 813015 TI - The search for new antimalarial drugs. PMID- 813016 TI - Photosynthetically-linked oxidation of diaminobenzidine in Blue-green algae. PMID- 813017 TI - [Experimental study of electro-ejaculation in the baboon (author's transl)]. AB - With the aim of applying the technique of electro-ejaculation to paraplegics, the authors perfected an apparatus which permits stimulation with an intra-rectal electrode. Out of 27 electro-ejaculations carried out on 9 monkeys, there were 5 failures and 22 successes (but 3 of these only contained coagulum). The results improved at the same time as the technique. Although the motility and the number of spermatozoa were rather reduced in comparison with normal ejaculation, the semen obtained appeared to be utilizable. Observation of the animal, rectoscopy as well as the histological investigations carried out in 3 of the animals which were sacrificed showed no complication or lesion. The apparatus and technique which subsequently proved to be applicable in the paraplegic male should enable the improvement of his possibilities of procreation. PMID- 813018 TI - Prostatic cancer revisited. AB - Thirty patients with prostatic carcinoma treated for varying lengths of time by radiation or endocrine therapy alone and in combination underwent staging and biospy of the prostate 3 years ago. Survival data for these patients have been correlated with the clinical and histologic findings of 3 years ago. A negative biopsy was associated with a better prognosis than a positive one and clinical rectal examination of the treated prostate was a poor index of cancer control. The group of patients treated with a combination of endocrine and radiation therapy was associated with the highest proportion of negative biopsies. PMID- 813019 TI - Is good nursing-home care feasible? AB - A program using a team consisting of a nurse practitioner and a social worker to provide care for nursing-home patients was established. An important feature is the use of a specially designed problem-oriented record. The project disclosed a number of current deficiencies in nursing-home care and demonstrated ways to remedy many of these. The overall cost of the project was offset by the savings realized from reduced hospitalization and related medical costs. PMID- 813020 TI - Primary tuberculous complex of the skin. PMID- 813021 TI - [Two cases of IgD (K-type) myeloma--with special reference to urine protein analyses (author's transl)]. PMID- 813022 TI - [A case of macroglobulinemia with acute clinical course (author's transl)]. PMID- 813023 TI - [Symptomatic studies of spastic paralysis and pyramidal tract transection]. PMID- 813024 TI - [Cerebellar functions and cerebellar symptoms]. PMID- 813026 TI - [Re-evaluation of nursing plans. Evaluation of clinical practicality of nursing plans]. PMID- 813027 TI - [Various problems inherent in nursing plans]. PMID- 813025 TI - [Studies on immunochemical determination of the supernatant solution after rivanol precipitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 813028 TI - [On nursing plans - impressions on "Technics in Formulating Nursing Plans" by D.E. Little and on "Systemic Approach in Nursing Plans" by M.G. Meyers]. PMID- 813029 TI - [Nursing plans evaluated in case studies]. PMID- 813031 TI - [Observation on clinical nursing studies by an instructor]. PMID- 813032 TI - [Nursing of a patient having exudates from an intestinal fistula: prevention of exudation by using a doughnut-shaped cushion]. PMID- 813033 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a child with malignant lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 813030 TI - [Transition in nursing plans at Suwa Red Cross Hospital]. PMID- 813034 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a patient having recurrent asthmatic attacks and being hospitalized for an extended period - with special reference to interpersonal relations]. PMID- 813036 TI - [Experience of a parent of a child suffering from nephrosis]. PMID- 813035 TI - [Geriatric nursing and a music therapy clinic]. PMID- 813037 TI - [Pathophysiology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. II. Case studies of aged patients]. PMID- 813038 TI - [Stress and diseases. 8. Stress and the sensory systems]. PMID- 813039 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 8. Sexual maturity. 4. Diseases related to tumors and infections]. PMID- 813040 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents. 5. Intramuscular injection in the gluteal region. 2]. PMID- 813042 TI - [Observations on nursing in Canada]. PMID- 813041 TI - [Establishing communication with children having cerebral palsy]. PMID- 813043 TI - Prefrontal unit activity during delayed-response and delayed-alternation performances. AB - In order to examine whether or not the single unit activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey activated during delayed-response task is involved in a delayed-alternation task, the same prefrontal single unit activities were recorded extracellularly using tungsten electrodes while the monkey was performing the two tasks alternatively. Visual signals were given to two different locations (left and right) as visual cues and response cues. A total of 95 units were recorded. Two-thirds of them were activated during visual and response cue phases and were regarded as the visuokinetic units as defined in a previous paper (KUBOTA et al., 1974). Visuokinetic units with no different discharge rate between left and right trials of delayed-response did not show a difference in delayed-alternation. Visuokinetic units with a differential rate in delayed-response trials did not necessarily show a difference in delayed alternation. Visuokinetic units with no spontaneous activity in the intertrial interval time were considered as the E unit activity of delayed-alternation in a previous paper (KUBOTA and NIKI, 1971). Remaining one-third of units were activated or depressed during visual cues or during response cues and their activities were not different from each other between two tasks. No differential activity was found which could be correlated to the alternative choice of the reward in delayed-alternation. Discussions were made on possible mnemonic functions relevant to previous studies. PMID- 813044 TI - Effect of "drugs for liver disease" on hepatotoxic action of carbon tetrachloride. II. Effect of protoporphyrin and phosphorylcholine on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and the components in injuried liver. AB - The effect of "drugs for liver disease", protoporphyrin (PP) and phosphorylcholine (PC), on CCl4-induced liver injury was studied. Attention was given to the levels of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme and lipolytic enzyme activities and of some microsomal components such as phospholipid and peroxides. Administration of PP to CCl4-poisoned rats was found to increase the decreased microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline p-hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450 and b5 and lipolytic enzyme activity in CCl4-poisoned liver (12-20% increase as compared with those of the poisoned rats), and returned to control levels earlier than in CCl4-poisoned rats. Furthermore, administration of PP to CCl4-poisoned rats caused a decrease in the lipid peroxidation. A single dose of PP to normal rats was shown to increase these parameters, to a small extent. One of the mechanisms may be attributed to the fact that PP increases the biosynthesis of the hemoproteins by means of the incorporation of PP into the pigments and protects the membranes from lipid peroxides and the free radicals. On the other hand, administration of PC to the poisoned rats did not enhance the levels of the drug-metabolizing enzyme activities except for aminopyrine N-demethylase. Phospholipid phosphorous content, however, increased by 13-14% when PC was given. Thus, it is considered that PC may enhance the reconstitution of phospholipids in the injured membrane. PMID- 813046 TI - [Studies on indication of surgical treatment for open negative cases based on findings of tubercle bacilli cultivated from resected cavities (author's transl)]. PMID- 813045 TI - [Immunology of pulmonary diseases. (1) Immunological studies of pathogenic factors in bacterial respiratory infections]. PMID- 813047 TI - [Preoperative and postoperative nursing in head and neck cancer. 2. Tube feeding oral hygiene: irrigation]. PMID- 813048 TI - [Treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease in the light of data on pathophysiology of coronary circulation]. PMID- 813049 TI - [Neurofibromatosis with renal artery stenosis--a case report]. PMID- 813050 TI - [Postoperative infection (literature survey)]. PMID- 813051 TI - [Preoperative and postoperative care of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 813052 TI - [Introduction in immunophthalmology-problems and aims (author's transl)]. AB - By discussing basic problems and methods of immunology the significance of immune ophthalmological mechanisms is demonstrated. Humoral and cellular immune reactions in the eye are described. PMID- 813053 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of furosemide and ethacrynic acid (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of intravenous injections of furosemide and ethacrynic acid were studied in 12 patients during rest and exercise. Cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure showed no significant changes after injection of furosemide or ethacrynic acid. Few minutes after injection of furosemide there were significant falls of pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and right atrial pressure, whereas no changes were seen after injection of ethacrynic acid. This initial effect of furosemide apparently is of primarily vascular origin, causing an increased peripheral venous capacitance. Ethacrynic acid failed to exhibit any direct vascular effect. PMID- 813054 TI - Phase maps for particles and microorganisms in animal quarters. AB - Measurements of fallout of particles and microorganisms were carried out during the light and dark period in animal rooms occupied by rats, rabbits, cats and monkeys. Correlations between both parameters were established. The 24-hour mean was calculated and the percentage deviation of the individual measurements from this mean used for the elaboration of phase maps. For rats there is a high increase of particle and microorganism emission during the night following the activity cycle, while for cats and monkeys emission increases only during the feeding period. In rabbit rooms there is a nearly equal emission during day and night. PMID- 813055 TI - Occurrence of calcium deposits in the ovaries of the baboon. AB - Calcium deposits were found in the ovaries of 87 (81-3%) of a series of 107 young female baboons. The deposits were located in the cortex and in the majority of instances were bilateral. They were thought to arise as a result of dystrophic calcification in atretic follicles. PMID- 813057 TI - Diagnostic radiology: its utilization in nonhuman primate medicine. AB - Approximately 1000 radiographic examinations, including several types of special procedures were performed at the California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA. The availability of modern x-ray equipment and radiology consultants have facilitated the utilization of radiology in primate medicine and research programs as well as in the instruction of veterinary medical students. PMID- 813056 TI - Shrews: a review of the diseases, anomalies, and parasites. AB - The diseases, lesions, congenital disorders, and parasites of both Insectivora and prosimian shrews were reviewed. Preliminary baseline data provide encouraging prospects for using these animals as research models because few spontaneous diseases and lesions have been reported. It must be pointed out, however, that throughout the literature reviewed, clinical histories were incomplete and histopathologic examinations had seldom been performed, particularly with the parasitic entities. PMID- 813058 TI - Application of the Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test kit to pregnancy diagnosis in baboons. AB - The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test kit was used for diagnosis of pregnancy in 15 baboons. This hemagglutination inhibition test for urinary chorionic gonadotropin accurately indicated conception by positive responses in 106 of 109 specimens collected between 17 and 30 da after the estimated day of fertilization. Maximum hormone levels were reached during the middle of this 14-da interval. The rate of false positive and false negative results did not exceed 1%. PMID- 813059 TI - Ketamine HCl, a dissociative anesthetic for squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - A series of 3 experiments performed in squirrel monkeys showed that ketamine HCl was satisfactory for chemical restraint at doses of less than 13 mg/kg. Doses of 25 mg/kg and above produced surgical anesthesia. When serial doses of ketamine HCl were given to squirrel monkeys at regular intervals, predictable anesthesia and recovery times were produced. Deaths occurred only at 350 mg/kg. PMID- 813060 TI - An easily constructed laryngoscope. PMID- 813062 TI - Reproduction of wild-caught and laboratory-born marmoset species used in biomedical research (Saguinus sp, Callithrix jacchus). AB - Reproductive performances of wild-caught and laboratory-born marmosets maintained in a paired-cage system were summarized. Wild-caught, white-lipped (WL) marmosets (Saguinus fuscicollis, S nigricollis) averaged 2.6 live births per pair per yr compared with 1.6 for cotton-topped (CT) marmosets (S oedipus); S fuscicollis illigeri pairs were the best producers. Of first and second generation laboratory born animals, crossbred or hybrid WL pairs were the best producers; first generation pairs averaged 2.7 live births per pair per yr, comparable to the production of wild-caught WL pairs. In contrast, laboratory-born Sf illigeri pairs produced only 0.8 live births per pair per yr. No significant differences in reproductive performance were observed between first generation outbred vs inbred and between parent-reared vs hand-reared pairs. Based on limited data, the reproductive capabilities of wild-caught and laboratory-born Callithrix jacchus appeared superior to both WL and CT marmosets. Ten examples of marmoset models in biomedical research were discussed briefly. PMID- 813061 TI - Comparative primate reproductive endocrinology: advancements important in domestic breeding programs. AB - Recent advancements in primate reproductive endocrinology were reviewed with special emphasis given to hormonal patterns indicative of ovulation, technics for early pregnancy diagnosis, comparison of steroidal and gonadotropic hormonal patterns among various primates during advanced gestation, and identification of the individual contributions of the maternal, fetal, and placental compartments to the hormonal milieu of pregnancy. Each of these topics was examined according to its application to the management aspects of primate breeding. PMID- 813064 TI - Chondroitin-4-sulfaturia, chondroitin-6-sulfaturia. PMID- 813063 TI - A review of reproductive patterns in new world monkeys. AB - A review of the literature indicated that most of the information of reproductive patterns in New World monkeys has been gained from studies on the squirrel monkey. This species has been successfully bred in both indoor and outdoor colonies. Both sexes exhibit seasonal cyclicity that appears to be influenced by a number of environmental conditions. Reports indicated that most of the other New World species have been bred in captivity, most commonly in zoos. The scientific data on these species are sparse, usually obtained from small groups or individual animals. PMID- 813065 TI - Surface modifications evoked by antidiuretic hormone in isolated epithelial cells: evidence from lectin probes. AB - Epithelial cells (80-90% "granular" type) were isolated from urinary bladders of Bufo marinus and Rana catesbiana. The inhibitory effect of alpha-methyl-D mannoside on fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A (Con A) binding to these cells indicates that they possess specific binding sites for Con A. The lectin also mediates adsorption of erythrocytes to these cells. Both Con A binding and Con A mediated hemadsorption to epithelial cells are depressed at 4 degrees C, as compared with cells maintained at 22 degrees C. Elevation of temperature to 37 degrees C, however, enhances hemadsorption independently of alterations in lectin binding. Treatment of cells with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) at 22 degrees C followed by 15 min of incubation at 22 degrees or 37 degrees C before exposure of cells to Con A promotes increments in Con A-mediated hemadsorption, but not in lectin binding, at 22 degrees or 37 degrees C. These hormonal effects are not significant when hemadsorption is assayed at 4 degrees C. Treatment of cells with another octapeptide, angiotensin, elicits a small, but significant, increment in hemadsorption to epithelial cells which is likewise uninfluenced by quantitative changes in lectin binding. Collectively, these data and other independent observations suggest that treatment with octapeptide hormones acts to enhance the redistribution and aggregation of lectin-binding proteins in the membranes of granular epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder. Such changes, in turn, may contribute to the alterations in membrane transport properties which characterize the hormonal response. PMID- 813066 TI - Ultrastructural deformation studies on biological membranes. AB - The ultrastructural deformation technique has been used to study various membranes, including several claimed to show subunit structure. With localized deformation fibers ca. 100-300 A in diameter and up to 4,000 A long were found extending across the cracks parallel to the draw direction in all membranes. Lipid extraction and proteolytic enzyme (papain) treatment of membranes has shown that the fibers are protein in nature. Deformation of membranes while still wet showed no significant change in the appearance of the fibers compared with those obtained from deformation of membranes after air drying, indicating that formation of fibers is not an artifact due to dehydration. There must be extensive interaction between the protein molecules and thus we indicate that the results do not agree with current suggestions that membranes are composed of individual protein subunits immersed in a lipid bilayer. PMID- 813068 TI - [Exclusive parenteral hypernutrition for high risk of complicated digestive surgery]. PMID- 813067 TI - Possible role of firmly bound ATP in the energy transduction of photosynthetic membranes. AB - Chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach chloroplasts contain firmly bound ATP that is rapidly labeled along with ADP in the presence of 32Pi and endogenous nucleotides. The labeling is not entirely dependent on light. In chloroplasts three types of bound ATP can be defined methodologically by their extraction properties: buffer-soluble; acid-soluble; and SDS-soluble or firmly bound ATP. Extensive washing of the chloroplasts does reduce buffer-soluble but not acid-soluble and firmly bound ATP. Buffer-soluble [32P] ATP is almost exclusively gamma labeled while acid-soluble and firmly bound ATP are labeled in the beta and gamma position equally. CCCP, desaspidin, and phlorizin do not inhibit the labeling of firmly bound ATP, whereas the phosphorylation is almost abolished. However, EDTA and NEM pretreatments of the chloroplasts affect both reactions similarly. The postillumination [32P] ATP synthesis with chromatophores can be inhibited by adding ATP to the incubation mixture after illumination if 32Pi is included only during the dark incubation, but is without effect if 32Pi is present only during illumination. On the other hand, ADP added after illumination inhibits post-illumination [32P] ATP formation in both chromatophores and chloroplasts only if 32Pi is present during illumination. The data can be explained by a coupling factor having two sites, as proposed previously on the basis that firmly bound ATP does not transfer its phosphoryl group but seems to drive a synthesis of acid-soluble ATP which incorporates free phosphate. PMID- 813069 TI - [Treatment of severe diabetic ketosis with or without coma]. PMID- 813070 TI - [Transplantation of vital islands of Langerhans in diabetic animal recipients]. AB - Pancreatic islets of 300 g-Lewis-rats have been transplanted to 200 g streptozotocin-diabetic rats after preparation by manual-dissection method and by the Ficoll-method. The transplantation of more than 500 intact pancreatic islets into the peritoneal cavity of streptozotocin-diabetic-Lewis-rats results in a significant reduction of hyperglycemia, an increase of insulin output and a restoration of weight gain. It is suggested, that it is best to use the glucose tolerance-test for interpretation of insulin-output and insulin-effect. PMID- 813071 TI - Isogenic and allogenic transplatation of isolated langerhans islets into the liver. AB - This preliminary experimental report confirms the previous interest of isolated endocrine islet transplantation. Moreover a new "privileged position" for the islets grafts is proposed and is as uneventful as a liver biopsy. The functional value of this grafting procedure has been assessed on biological and functional criteria. The transplanted islets are easily retrievable and histological and especially immunocytochemical studies demonstrate the morphological behaviour of such islets. Finally the preliminary survival of allogeneic grafts into the liver supports the concept of the role of the liver during enhancement of facilitation and will be the subject of further investigations. PMID- 813072 TI - [Threshold changes in chronic transvenous cardiac pacing]. AB - Alterations in stimulation threshold in long term transvenous cardiac pacing were recorded by serial measurements in 33 patients with EM 169 "Vario" pacemakers and additionally in 286 patients at operative revisions up to 6 years post implantation. A rapid threshold increase within the first 4 weeks was followed by stabilization at 160% of initial value. After about 1 1/2 years a further continuous increase of threshold with an annual rate of 15% occured. Prognostic calculations in individual cases, however, seem to be difficult because of frequent and considerable variations. PMID- 813073 TI - [Effect of coronary vasodilator agents on the increase of coronary resistance during ischemia]. AB - Following normothermic cardiac arrest an increase of the coronary resistance and a decrease of the cross section of the coronary arteries have been measured as a function of the duration of the ischaemic period during intermittent coronary perfusion. A significant decrease of the coronary resistance, however, was observed when nitroglycerin or papaverin were perfused during the ischaemic period. This therapeutic procedure may improve myocardial circulation, which is insufficient during the post-ischaemic phase, and provides a better basis for a successful resuscitation of the heart. PMID- 813074 TI - [Findings of scanning microscopy studies and gas-transfer results in long-term perfusions using membrane oxygenators in animal experiment]. AB - Twelve hours partial extracorporeal circulation using the GEDL was carried out in sheep with experimental pulmonary insufficiency. The maximal O2-transfer was 53,8 ccm/min/m2 membrane surface at blood flows of 2 and 3 1/min. The CO2-transfer was nearly 30 ccm/min/m2 if the pCO2 was within the normal range. There was evidence, that the O2-transfer decreases during prolonged perfusion. Scanning-electron microscopic studies revealed a thickening of the membrane with protein and cell fragments which were thought to be the reason for the observed decrease in O2 transfer. PMID- 813075 TI - [Partial replacement of the heart]. AB - A ventricular-aortic blood pump was constructed for the functional replacement of the left heart. Hemodynamic experiments showed that the device was able to pump the total cardiac output in calves with a body weight under 85 kg. In these cases the myocardial oxygen consumption decreased to 40%. Laboratory findings in 5 longterm experiments revealed a complete adaptation of the body to the artificial organ up to 73 days. PMID- 813076 TI - [Transplantation of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - The indication for pancreatic transplantation currently accepted is juvenile diabetes with renal failure. Up to April, 1, 1975, 39 such transplantations had been performed, including our own 3 cases, and 2 of the 39 patients were living with functioning grafts. Application after total pancreatectomy and especially after cancer surgery cannot be comtemplated for some time. Prerequisites to be fulfilled are the feasibility of inducing tolerance and a low-risk transplantation technique. Patients considered for transplants should be young and their carcinoma should have been treated by radical, total pancreatectomy. PMID- 813077 TI - [Intra- or Postoperative Chemoprophylaxis? (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical cure rates for most operable cancers have remained unchanged over the past few decades despite progress in local treatment and "prophylactic" preor postoperative radiotherapy. Due to the limitations of primary and secondary prophylaxis (prevention and "early" diagnosis), tertiary prophylaxis (adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent relapse or dissemination) has aroused considerable interest in tumor management recently. Definite progress in prolongation of the postoperative tumorfree interval has been obtained in controlled studies of breast cancer, osteogenic sarcomas and other target neoplasms. Long-term chemoprophylaxis has proved to be more effective than peroperative short courses of chemotherapy. PMID- 813078 TI - The effect of predosage with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the dose-related inhibition of rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by DSCG. PMID- 813079 TI - Drug metabolism by microsomes from extrahepatic organs of rat and rabbit prepared by calcium aggregation. PMID- 813080 TI - Conversion of linoleic acid hydroperoxide by soybean lipoxygenase in the presence of guaiacol: identification of the reaction products. AB - Linoleic acid hydroperoxide formed by soybean lipoxygenase was metabolized by the same enzyme in the presence of guaiacol. The products of this reaction included, trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroperoxydihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroxyepoxyoctadecenoic acids, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, and oxooctadecadienoic acids. PMID- 813082 TI - [Effect of cystaphos on the state of motor function of the gastrointestinal tract of monkeys]. PMID- 813081 TI - Effect of vitamin B12 status on the occurrence of branched-chain and odd-numbered fatty acids in the liver lipids of the baboon. AB - Branched chain fatty acids of the anteiso series and others with methyl substitution nearer to the carboxyl group were found, together with odd numbered, straight chain fatty acids, in very small proportions in baboon liver lipids. The proportions were increased in vitamin B12-depleted animals, especially after administration of a B12 analogue. PMID- 813083 TI - [Control of acetylsalicylic-acid (ASS) therapy using the collagen-induced platelet aggregation]. PMID- 813084 TI - [Results of long-term training in obliterative arteriopathy]. PMID- 813085 TI - [Problematic long-term therapy of Parkinson's syndrome using amantadine salts]. PMID- 813086 TI - Evaluation of thyroid function during growth hormone therapy. AB - Decrease in the blood levels of PBI, in the thyroidal uptake of iodine, and diminished effect of TRH on TSH release have been reported to occur during growth hormone administration. We assessed thyroid function indices in two groups of growth hormone deficient children before and during long-term HGH therapy. Eight patients were given TSH prior and at 2, 4, and 6 mo of growth hormone treatment. In four other children, the disposal rates of simultaneously administered I125-T4 and I131-T3 were measured before and at 2 and 6 mo after initiation of HGH replacement. Blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, TBG capacity, and the T3 resin uptake were obtained at the time of each study. Growth hormone therapy did not affect the blood levels of T4, T3, TSH, TBG capacity, the T3 resin uptake, the thyroidal response to exogenous TSH, nor the disposal rates of thyroid hormones. PMID- 813087 TI - Regulation of rat liver glycogen synthesis and activities of glycogen cycle enzymes by glucose and galactose. AB - Direct regulation of rat liver glycogen metabolism by glucose and galactose was studied using an isolated liver perfusion system. Activation of glycogen synthase and net glycogen synthesis increased linearly when perfusate glucose concentration was increased from 125 to 500 mg/100 ml. Galactose, rapidly taken up by isolated rat liver regardless of circulating glucose concentration, increased these responses to glucose. In the presence of galactose (greater than or equal to 5 mg/100 ml), activation of synthase and glycogen synthesis were 1.5 fold higher at any given glucose concentration. The addition of insulin did not appreciably after synthase activation by glucose and galactose. Phosphorylase activity, low at circulating glucose levels above 125 mg/100 ml, was further decreased as glucose was increased or when galactose was added to the perfusate. Release of glucose into the perfusate in response to aglycemia was increased in the presence of galactose. PMID- 813088 TI - [Growth inhibition by antibiotics and the production of resistance to them in a population of Nostoc linckia]. AB - Increasing concentrations of penicillin and streptomycin inhibited the growth of the blue-green alga Nostoc linckia. Although the alga could build up resistance to higher concentrations of penicillin (1000 mcg/ml), it was very sensitive to streptomycin beyond a concentration of 0.02 mcg/ml. Two stable mutants, one resistant to 1000 mcg penicillin/ml and another to 0.02 mcg streptomycin/ml were isolated, of which the latter had lost its nitrogen fixing capacity. Drug resistance seems to be due to nuclear or gene mutation. PMID- 813090 TI - [Assimilation of nitrogen sources by toxigenic bacteria of the Subtilis Mesentericus group]. PMID- 813089 TI - [Study of the mycelial carbohydrates of Penicillium chrysogenum and of its inactive mutant]. AB - Metabolism of carbohydrates was studied in Penicillium chrysogenum 194 and in its inactive mutant growing on a defined medium, and also in the washed mycelium of these cultures. The percentage of nitrogen decreased in the mycelium of both strains with aging as a result of the accumulation of carbohydrate-containing substances dissolved in cold and hot hydrochloric acid. The rate of synthesis of these substances in the inactive mutant is higher than in the strain 194. The difference is especially pronounced in experiments with the washed mycelium. Carbohydrates dissolved in the hot acid are assimilated in largest amounts among carbohydrate-containing substances in the mycelium of the strain 194 growing in the conditions of starvation. PMID- 813091 TI - [Detection of the blue-green algae virus with octahedral type of symmetry]. PMID- 813092 TI - [Inoculation frequency of tuberculosis mycobacteria in patients with various lung diseases]. PMID- 813094 TI - Editorial: Decisions, decisions. PMID- 813093 TI - Review of tuberculosis among the Orang Asli (Aborigines) in West Malaysia from 1951-1970. PMID- 813095 TI - Editorial: Yellow fever. PMID- 813097 TI - The medical assessor and the invalid pension. Comment 1. PMID- 813096 TI - Deficiency of immunological and phagocytic function in aboriginal children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Infection, associated with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), is a widespread and important health problem in young Aboriginal children. Clinical obervations have suggested these children to have impaired immune resistance to infection. Children were fivided by anthropometric criteria into three groups: moderately malnourished; showing effects of previous PCM; normally nourished. Numbers and function of T and B lymphocytes and neutrophils were measured in these groups to give an assessment of systemic immune resistance. Primary antigen recognition and blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes were significantly impaired in the malnourished groups. Normal or increased numbers of B and T lymphocytes, and normal secondary antibody response to tetanus toxoid inoculations were found in all groups. Serum opsonin levels, C3 concentrations, immunoglobulin levels, neutrophil numbers and phagocytic activity were normal or increased in all groups. The malnourished children showed relative impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis, metabolic response to phagocytosis and intraphagocytic bactericidal activity. The findings suggested that children with moderate or lasting effects of PCM had multiple dificiencies in the funnction of their immune defence mechanism which may profoundly influence the prevalence, chronicity and mortality of infections diseases in Aboriginal communities. PMID- 813098 TI - [Possibilities and results of treatment in sterile environments]. PMID- 813099 TI - [Proceedings: Leukocyte substitution in infection endangered patients]. PMID- 813100 TI - [Proceedings: Conservative therapy in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 813101 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical functional diagnosis in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 813102 TI - [Digitalis in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 813103 TI - [Long term therapy with the pacemakers]. PMID- 813105 TI - [Epidemic meningitis]. PMID- 813104 TI - [The blood groups. Currently known systems and their clinical significance]. PMID- 813106 TI - [Rhesus immunoprevention by means of immunoglobulin anti-D]. PMID- 813107 TI - A quantitative theory of transfection in B. subtilis. AB - A theory of transfection is developed which describes three different types of experiments in transfection: The concentration dependence of transfection, transfection with marker rescue, and the mapping function in transfection crosses. The theory is applicable to transfection systems exhibiting quadratic or higher order dose response (APP1, AP50, SP82). It pictures the essential process in transfection as follows: transfecting DNA molecules, having suffered inactivating events during uptake or intracellularly, have to recombine prior to replication under elimination of these lesions. The probability for recombination, successful in this sense, is calculated as a function of the number of DNA molecules within the competent cell, the mean number of inactivating events per DNA molecule, and the crossover probability per nucleotide. Under the assumption of random distribution of inactivating events over the population of DNA molecules and homogeneous crossover probabilities the theory explains on a quantitative basis a number of experimental observations in transfection, as for instance the relative efficiencies of different helper phage in transfection with marker rescue, the third order concentration dependence in SP50 transfection, and the high recombination frequencies observed in transfection crosses. PMID- 813108 TI - Fine genetic structure of the 2D3-2F5 region of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - 97 lethal and semilethal mutations were induced by ethyl methanesulfonate, nitrosomethyl urea and gamma-irradiation in the 2D3-F5 region of the X-chromosome of D. melanogaster. Approximately 1 per cent of the tested X-chromosomes carried a lethal in the 2D3-2F5 region. The mutation frequencies per band or DNA content in the region and the whole X-chromosome are equal. Complementation analysis revealed at least 10 functionally independent essential loci in this region including about 10 bands. The data presented in this study support the one band- one gene hypothesis. The Pgd locus coding for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is mapped in the 2D3 (OR 2D4) band. Isolation of 11 lethal or semilethal point mutations with null or reduced 6PGD activity shows that the Pgd locus is a vital one. PMID- 813109 TI - Characteristics of a microsomal dechlorination system. PMID- 813110 TI - [Late complications of closed craniocerebral injuries with particular regard to their evaluation]. PMID- 813111 TI - Wernicke's encephalopathy with intravenous hyperalimentation: remarks on similarities between wernicke's encephalopathy and the phosphate depletion syndrome. PMID- 813112 TI - [The concept of neurogenic intermittent claudication. A rare form of intermittent limping in neurologic system disease]. AB - Two cases of neural muscular atrophy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann type with strain-dependent pain in the leg similar to intermittent claudication are reported. While the pathogenesis of a neurogenic intermittent claudication appears to be reasonably explained by a pathological narrowness of the lumbar spinal duct, this question must remain open in the cases of neurospinal systemic disease described. PMID- 813113 TI - [Galactography and cytology in the diagnosis of the secreting breast]. PMID- 813114 TI - [Slight cerebral dysfunction and disorders of speech (author's transl)]. AB - 206 "healthy" children of pre-school age submitted to a pluridimensional diagnosis, including 43 children with slight cerebral dysfunction, were investigated for phoniatric abnormities in a double blind study. These 43 children with slight cerebral dysfunction were seen to present more frequent pathological findings by far than the comparative group of 163 healthy children. An impairment of the function of speech was altogether found in 53.2 per cent of these 43 children. 6.9 per cent stutted (only 1 per cent of the total population stutter), in one third the development of speech was delayed. A particularly striking feature was the frequent occurrence of a disordered coordination of the tongue (27.9 per cent). In these children treatment must not be limited to the disorders of speech alone but must take the underlying disease into account. PMID- 813115 TI - [The use of videotape recordings in behavior therapy in children (author's transl)]. AB - The vast majority of disturbances of child behavior are due to improper methods of upbringing. Alteration of the child's misbehavior is therefore best done by re education of the parents. In this paper, a model for the modification of the behavior of mother and child by means of videotape recordings is described and illustrated by a report of treatment. Because of the high efficiency of video feedback for the conversion of parental educational style, its use in behavior therapy work is recommended unconditionally in spite of the very high costs and a considerable expenditure of time. PMID- 813117 TI - [Coronary heart disease in hospitalized mental patients. An electrocardiographic prevalence study]. AB - Altogether 1707 permanently hospitalized patients aged from 40 to 69, from 8 psychiatric hospitals in Germany, were investigated for the occurrence of electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart diseases. ECG changes which indicate a past infarction or a coronary insufficiency with great reliability were found almost not at all in patients under the age of 50, in men aged from 50 to 59 years in 7.0%, and aged from 60-69 in 11.8% of cases. In women of corresponding ages the figures were 3.8 and 10.8% respectively. Compared with a non-psychiatric population, there were suggestions of a slightly higher prevalence of coronary heart diseases in the psychiatric patients. PMID- 813118 TI - [Fatalities in a rehabilitation center for cardiovascular diseases (author's transl)]. AB - From 1967 until the end of 1974, a total of 32 524 treatments were carried out at the Hohenried clinic. There were 40 fatal incidents, corresponding to a mortality rate of 0.12%. 5386 treatments were carried out in 3606 infarction patients. Of these, 29 patients died, which, related to the treatments, corresponds to a mortality rate of 0.53% and, related to the number of infarction patients, to 0.80%. The main cause of death was acute cardiac death. 10 fatal incidents occurred in temporal relation to kinesitherapy. Retrospectively, severe ECG changes due to infarction, pathological reactions to stress as well as disorders of cardiac rhythm and cardiac hypertrophy can be regarded as being indicative of a particular danger to patients. PMID- 813116 TI - [Late sequelae following atomic bomb explosions and radiation accidents]. PMID- 813119 TI - [The ECG in emergency patients and its therapeutic consequences (author's transl)]. AB - The increase in internal emergencies compels the doctor on emergency duty to differentiate. For the primary diagnosis, in addition to palpation of the pulse and the patient's utterances of pain, the leads of an ECG are available in the emergency ambulance. Therefore tachycardias, bradycardias and arrhythmias can be differentiated. The question of the therapeutic consequences in the individual case according to the classification of these different forms of rhythmic distrubances by the doctor first treating the case are discussed. General guiding principles for treatment are pointed out. PMID- 813120 TI - [Glucose tolerance, insulin and lipids after one week's administration of fenfluramine to overweight patients (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of oral administration of the amphetamine derivative, fenfluramine for one week was investigated in comparison to a placebo for the same period in 28 overweight patients, 57% of whom showed a reduced glucose tolerance. In addition to glucose and insulin, the lipid fractions were also measured. In the series with pathological glucose tolerance in which the body weight remained unchanged, fenfluramine produced a lowering of the basal levels of blood sugar and insulin. After oral loading with glucose the total rise in glucose and the rise in insulin in the late phase were diminished. Free fatty acids, free glycerol, triglycerides and cholesterol were not affected. PMID- 813121 TI - [Risk factors and pathogenesis of postoperative cardiac decompensation (author's transl)]. AB - In 214 patients with healed myocardial infarction an assessment was made of the prognostic value of risk factors relating to early postoperative cardiac decompensation which occurred in 50 cases. A significant influence was shown by age (greater than or equal to 75 years), pre-existing heart failure and load insufficiency, hypertension (greater than or equal to 180/95 mm Hg), advanced arteriosclerosis with cerebrovascular and renovascular symptoms, infections with fever or septicemia, emergency operations, lang-lasting surgery, decrease in blood pressure during operations (greater than or equal to 70 mm Hg systolic) and postoperative anemia (less than or equal to 3.5 millions erythrocytes/cmm). The postoperative cardiac failure took a lethal course in 60%. Pathogenetically, the discrepancy between O2-requirement and O2-supply in the previously damaged myocardium is of essential importance during the postoperative stress period. PMID- 813123 TI - [What can be expected from the EEG in headache?]. PMID- 813122 TI - [Review of the Austrian field study on headache (author's transl)]. AB - In our field study on headache we made use of individual medical interviews and of an anterospectively programmed inventory designed for computer analysis. With regard to this aspect our investigation is the first of its kind in literature. We could find some new aspects concerning etiology and therapy of headache, among others the importance of the factor "unstable hypotension" in a general state of vascular lability, and of the factor of manual labour as a prophylactic aid against headache. Furthermore, evidence concerning the general incidence and the varying morbidity in different professional and social groups could be collected. PMID- 813124 TI - [Ophthalmoplegic migraine (author's transl)]. PMID- 813125 TI - [Headache associated with hypertension from the internist's and neurologist's point of view (author's transl)]. AB - In industrial countries the symptoms "headache" has an incidence of about 10%, and hypertension between 20 and 25%. Both terms are summary and may be pointers to and warning signals of the most varied disease processes. While, in malignant hypertensions, and pheochromocytoma, headache is a cardinal symptom, its causal connection with permanently raised blood pressure in the "benign" forms is viewed with scepticism. The observation that hypertensives frequently complain of headaches with a maximum intensity in the early hours of the morning is connected with the fall in blood pressure with accumulation of CO2 in shallow breathing. Headache as a symptom characteristic of hypertension is frequently only facultative in nature and must be classified among the series of symptoms of sequelae. But it offers a sufficient reason to institute a selective examination programme, especially as hypertension is still the most common cause of death even today. PMID- 813126 TI - [The cervical vertebral column as a cause of headache]. PMID- 813127 TI - [The biomechanical pathogenesis and differentiated therapy of cervical headache (author's transl)]. AB - Dysfunction in the upper region of the cervical vertebral column is largely to be regarded as the primary disorder from which secondary anatomical substrates, especially degenerative manifestations, develop. We must shift our attention from pathomorphology to function. There are two main types of disordered vertebral function which may lead to headache in many cases: 1. hypomobility (blocking) 2. hypermobility. Suggestions are made for selective methods of examination which help the detection of disturbed function. Cinematography can be used for substantiation. Diagnostic differentiation indicates possibilities for special manipulative, physical, surgical and orthopedic treatment. PMID- 813128 TI - [Chronic headache and autonomic therapy with particular reference to therapeutic local anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic headaches often have a multifactorial pathogenesis. We try to apply our therapeutic plan according to the analysis of these pathogenetic factors. Therapeutic local anesthesia has a particular place in the peripheral irritation syndrome. Three possible points of application are discussed: the source of irritation, the line of pain conduction and the projection area. PMID- 813129 TI - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation for the treatment of migraine and other head pain (author's transl)]. AB - 35 patients suffering from different painful conditions were treated with transcutaneous application of a slightly painful electrical stimulus. The effect was manifested in complete relief in six patients treated during an attack of migraine and in a relatively high number of other cases of headache with relief of pain. In some cases there was a long-lasting favourable effect for periods up to 8 months. For the theoretical explanation the 'gate control' theory is referred to. With respect to the practical application, the special indication in cases of chronic headache is emphasised, especially since this method avoids the risks of habit-formation or other damaging effects of drug therapy. PMID- 813130 TI - [Psychogenic headache in children]. PMID- 813131 TI - [Headache and inflammations in the mandibular region (author's transl)]. AB - Based on four cases, the necessity of a thorough clinical and X-ray examination of the entire set of teeth is demonstrated, since all four patients showed multiple focal lesions. It is emphasised that focal findings of this kind can always be the only or additional causes for pain syndromes in the head. PMID- 813133 TI - [Expert opinion on headache after accidents (author's transl)]. AB - If a patient suffers headaches as a result of cranial trauma, the medical expert must first of all clear up the cause of these subjective complaints. A precise diagnosis of the primary lesion and possible posttraumatic complications is a prerequisite. The differential diagnosis must take into consideration non traumatic diseases which are also associated with headache. In the majority of cases, non-traumatic factors such as a low level of intelligence, hysterical, hypochondriacal and psychopathic personality structures and the particular conditions of the accident give rise to the development of persistent headaches after cranial injury. Difficulties in estimating the duration of headache due to trauma for the purposes of private accident insurance are pointed out and finally questions of impaired healing conditions (delayed recompensation) and "psychic" pain are dealt with. PMID- 813132 TI - [Chronic headache and abuse of phenacetin (author's transl)]. AB - 70% of all patients who abuse phenacetin have headache. The nephrological aspects are reported of 240 patients who were phenacetin-dependent and in an average of 19 years had consumed an average of 6 kg - up to 25 compound powders daily. The degree of renal damage depends principally on the duration and regularity of ingestion of analgesics, and less on the total quantity. One fifth of the patients were already in a condition in which a fatal outcome was inevitable when they were admitted to hospital. PMID- 813135 TI - [Headache and occipitocervical dysplasia]. PMID- 813134 TI - [Ophthalmodynamometric studies in experimental and spontaneous headache]. PMID- 813136 TI - Repair of UV-induced DNA damage in recombination-deficient strains of Bacillus subtilis. AB - To clarify the role of gene products for genetic recombination which might be concerned in excision repair, the repair of DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was examined under non-growing conditions with a variety of recombination deficient (Rec-) mutants of Bacillus subtilis. The extent of repair was estimated by the recovery of transforming activity of DNA extracted from the cells during the post-irradiation incubation period (the assay method was termed as marker-repair experiment). The marker repair seemed to be accomplished by the excision repair as assumed from the effects of inhibitors. Among Rec- mutants tested, a mutant strain UVS80TH (rec-80) exhibited a normal level of marker repair activity, whereas strains GSY1025 (recA1), GSY1028 (recB2) and GSY908 (rec 4) exhibited reduced marker repair activities. These results and the data on UV sensitivity of the mutants indicate that (1) the products of all these Rec genes are related to UV resistance of the cell viability and are factors functioning through mechanisms other than excision repair, (2) the products of recA, recB and rec-4 genes display some roles in maintenance of a level of excision repair activity, and (3) the product of the rec-80 gene does not participate at all in excision repair. PMID- 813137 TI - Radiation-induction of fractional mutations in Drosophila. PMID- 813138 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection and tenosynovitis from an asymptomatically infected intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 813140 TI - Letter: Electrocardiographic changes in Fabry's disease. PMID- 813139 TI - Letter: Cost of home hemodialysis equipment. PMID- 813141 TI - Benefit-cost analysis of rubella vaccination policy. AB - To analyze rubella vaccination strategies we calculated benefits and costs of prevention or rubella. With no vaccination, lifetime expenditures for congenital rubella syndrome in offspring of females are greater than $35 per female (present value). Expenditures for acute rubella are less than $2.70 per person. Cost, when monovalent vaccine is used, is $3.00 per person. Vaccination of females at 12 years of age yields net benefits 80 per cent larger than vaccination of children at two. When only 80 per cent of the target group accepts vaccine, vaccination at 12 years reduces congenital rubella by 30 per cent more than vaccination at six or two. Vaccination at two and revaccination at 12 (with 80 per cent acceptance at each age) reduces expected natural infections by 80 per cent and expected congenital rubella by 95 per cent. Either single vaccination of females at 12 years or vaccination at two ages would be better than current United States practice of vaccinating children once at an early age. PMID- 813142 TI - Letter: L-dopa effect in painful bony metastases. PMID- 813143 TI - Letter: Electrocardiographic PR interval in Fabry's disease. PMID- 813145 TI - Evaluation of an ambulatory medical-care delivery system. AB - We designed a medical-care-delivery system specifically to relieve the impaired access to care that has invariably assompanied the elimination of personal fees by prepaid plans, Medicare and other third-party payment plans. The solution involved the entry of patients through a paramedically staffed health-evaluation servece that effectively separated patients into three basic health-status groups the well and worried well (68.4 per cent); the asymptomatic sick (3.9 per cent); and the sick (27.7 per cent)--a process that permitted matching the needs of each group with appropriate services. The system achieved increased physician accessibility to new patients by 20 times, reduced the waiting time for new appointments from six to eight weeks to a day or two, saved physician time and costs for entry work to a day or two, saved physician time and costs for entry work-up by 70 to 80 per cent reduced total resources used throughout the year by +32,550 per 1000 entrants, and proved very satisfactory to patients and generally so to staff. PMID- 813144 TI - Continuous nocturnal intragastric feeding for management of type 1 glycogen storage disease. AB - The clinical and biochemical abnormalities associated with Type 1 glycogen storage disease can be reversed by avoidance of hypoglycemia and secondary hormonal flux. Three patients with Type 1 disease were treated with intragastric infusions of a high glucose formula at night with three-hour starch feedings during the day. This regimen stabilized blood glucose levels above 70 mg per deciliter and decreased serum uric acid, triglyceride, lactate and serum oxalacetic transaminase levels, as well as hepatic size, in all patients. Increased linear growth rate (mean 1 cm per month) was associated with a decrease in mean plasma glucagon (from 190 to 40 pg per milliliter) and an increase in mean plasma insulin (from 19 to 43 muU per milliliter, [two patients]). These changes occurred within four weeks of beginning of treatment and continued with home treatment for 13 months. No complications resulted from tube placement daily by the patients. Type 1 disease can be managed by nighttime intragastric feeding and frequent daytime high starch meals. PMID- 813147 TI - Hemolytic, cytotoxic and complement inactivating properties of extracts of different species of Aspergillus. AB - Some of the biological properties of saline extracts of the mycelia of several species of the Aspergillus genus, namely, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. parasitucus and A. glaucus, were studied. Only the extract prepared from A. fumigatus was found to be hemolytic for sheep red blood cells. In contrast, all the extracts with the only exception of that of A. glaucus, had cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Both, the hemolytic and cytotoxic constituents of the extracts were removable by adsorption with activated carbon. Heating of the extracts at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes also resulted in detoxification. In vivo studies, performed only with detoxified extracts of A. fumigatus, showed these were capable of depleting complement levels in guinea pigs. Complement inactivation was also found to occur in vitro and was cuased by all the extracts tested. Also triggered by the extracts was the conversion of serum C3 but not of purified C3, indicating that other serum factors are essential in the process. Despite the similarity in this respect with cobra venom factor, differences in activity after heating-negative in cobra venom factor-indicate that the complement inactivating substance/s present in the Aspergillus extracts differ from those of the snake product. PMID- 813148 TI - Isolation and identification of 5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone, an inhibitor of Aspergillus flavus from peanuts. AB - An inhibitor of Aspergillus flavus has been isolated form peanuts and identified as 5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone, Authentic 5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone, synthesized from benzyl-2-hydroxy-4,6 dimethoxyphenyl (3), and the isolated compound display identical ultraviolet spectra in methanol, in methanol+sodium methoxide, and in methanol+AlCl3; similar behavior in solvent extraction, column chromatography, TLC, and fungal inhibition. PMID- 813146 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis as a routine mycoserological procedure. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) has been compared in a diangostic laboratory with agar gel double diffusion (DD) as a routine procedure for detection of antibodies to pathogenic and allergenic fungi and actinomycetes. It was shown to be of particular value in detecting antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus 72 of 106 sera in which precipitins were detected were positive by CIE alone. Some sera were positive only by CIE to antigens prepared from Histoplasma capsulatum, Allescheria boydii, Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. PMID- 813149 TI - Different degrees of interspecies homology in immunoglobulin lamda chain constant domain correlated with three-dimensional structure. PMID- 813150 TI - Quantitative variation and gene number. PMID- 813151 TI - Effect of light on egg-laying rate and mating speed in phototactic strains of Drosophila. PMID- 813152 TI - Spontaneous calcium action potentials in a clonal pituitary cell line and their relationship to prolactin secretion. PMID- 813154 TI - [Amyloidosis and paraproteinemia]. PMID- 813153 TI - Replacement of serum by hormones permits growth of cells in a defined medium. PMID- 813155 TI - Angina pectoris prophylaxis. PMID- 813156 TI - Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus. PMID- 813157 TI - [Current status of neuroleptic long term treatment of schizophrenia]. PMID- 813158 TI - Fetal brain injury after maternal carbon monoxide intoxication. Clinical and neuropathologic aspects. AB - In a model of brain damage in the rhesus monkey fetus, carbon monoxide inhalation by the mother was used to produce graded fetal hypoxia. Four fetuses with aterial oxygen contents of 2.1 to 2.4 ml per 100 ml during the most severe insult hour appeared neurologically normal, and their brains contained no lesions. A single animal with an intermediate degree of hypoxia was moderately abnormal; its brain showed extensive necrosis of the basal ganglia. Four fetuses with arterial oxygen contents of 1.6 to 1.8 ml per 100 ml during the most severe insult hour showed profound clinical deficits, and on postmortem examination the brains were markedly swollen and showed an extensive hemorrhagic necrosis. The fetal brain exhibits a high threshold to the effects of sustained hypoxia, but once a critical level of deoxygenation is exceeded, extensive brain damage with early death results. PMID- 813159 TI - [Infusion technic during parenteral feeding. Comparison of the traditional method and automatic infusion]. PMID- 813160 TI - Disease prevention in clinical practice. PMID- 813161 TI - Rynacrom (sodium cromoglycate) in intractable perennial rhinitis. AB - A double-blind trial of Rynacrom (sodium cromoglycate) was conducted on 39 patients with perennial rhinitis. Improvement in nasal blocking was achieved at a statistical significance while sneezing and rhinorrhoea only reached the 0.1 level. During long term follow up, four patients who had previously required polypectomy for recurrent nasal polypi, had their condition resolved and subsequently controlled by Rynacrom therapy of one year's duration. Sixty percent of the original trial population are also being successfully maintained at minimal dosage. PMID- 813162 TI - The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in a high-risk obstetric population. AB - An experience with the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in a population of high risk obstetric patients is presented. A wide range of values in ralation to gestational age was found. A delayed rise in L/S ratio was found in Class A diabetes and Rh sensitization but was most striking in Class B through F diabetes. Chronic hypertension alone or in combination with diabetes is associated with an earlier rise in L/S ratio. A poor correlation of L/S ratio and neonatal pulmonary outcome with birthweight and gestational age was found. However, a good correlation between L/S ratio and neonatal pulmonary outcome was apparent. An L/S ratio of over 2 was universally associated with absence of serious RDS, but a low L/S ratio was less precisely predictive. PMID- 813163 TI - Pregnancy and neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). AB - A case of neurofibromatosis adversely affected by pregnancy has been presented. The large neurofibromatosis lesions in this patient increased extensively during the latter part of pregnancy, mainly as the result of massive hemorrhage within the masses. Additionally, the patient developed partial paralysis of the lower extremities resulting in inability to walk. This was thought to be due either to the development of neurofibromatosis or to enlargement of a previously existing intraspinal small neurofibromatosis lesion. In view of exacerbation of von Recklinghausen's disease during pregnancy, as reported here and recorded by others, and its hereditary transmission (autosomal dominant gene), early termination of pregnancy and sterilization are recommended. PMID- 813164 TI - Pelvic neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of asymptomatic and previously undiagnosed neurofibromatosis which presented with clitoral enlargement, "cafe-au-lait" spots, and pelvic masses is described. The literature on neurofibromatosis as it involves the female genital tract is reviewed. PMID- 813165 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease and posterior orbital cerebral hernias]. PMID- 813166 TI - Behavioral parameters in rats and mice bearing tumors, carcinogens and inflammatory agents in the brain. AB - Walker tumor cells and carcinogens were implanted into the brains of rats and L1210, P388 and Ehrlich ascites tumors, in addition to inflammatory agents and hydrocarbons, injected cortically into mice. Behavioral changes were followed in such animals by several psychological criteria, a discriminated lever-press task in rats and an exploratory task, the poke test, in rats and mice. An activity wheel was also employed for further amplification of mouse behavior. No definite changes could be discerned by these tests between rats bearing tumor or carcinogen and the respective controls as was also the case with levels of activity in the mouse. In marked contrast, mice administered tumors or kaolin cortically demonstrated significant reductions in the mean number of pokes, especially with the higher numbers of cells injected and where neurological symptoms were evident. Behavioral changes, if any, were minimal in mice with cortically implanted carcinogens. PMID- 813167 TI - Cortical implantation of hydrocarbons in rats and mice. PMID- 813168 TI - An electron microscopic observation of striated filamentous bundles associated with centrioles in capillary endothelial cells of the monkey ciliary muscle. PMID- 813169 TI - The arterial distribution of the lips in the crab-eating monkey by plastic injection method. PMID- 813170 TI - Blood parasites of some wild bovidae in Botswana. AB - Blood smears from a total of 282 wild Bovidae from Ngamiland, Botswana were examined for the presence of blood parasites. The following species were sampled: 190 African buffalo, 23 impala, 10 blue wildebeest, 18 tsessebe, 1 eland, 13 lechwe, 16 kudu and 11 sable antelope. In addition, blood from 36 of the above antelope and from a further 48 buffalo was inoculated into rodents to test for the presence of trypanosomes. An anaplasm morphologically indistinguishable from Anaplasma marginale Theiler, 1910 was found in 28,4% of buffalo. The incidence of detectable cases of A. marginale infection in buffalo less than 5 years of age was significantly higher than in those 5-10 years of age (P less than 0,02). Furthermore, the level of parasitaemia was higher in young than in old buffalo. Theilerail piroplasms were found in all 8 species and were detected in 16,3% of buffalo. Two morphological types were found in impala; clinical cytauxzoonosis was suspected in 1 impala. A large Babesia occurred in the erythrocytes of 1 blue wildebeest. Erythrocytic discrasia, associated with the presence of a small Babesia was found in 1 tsessebe. Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense was found in blood smears from 4 buffalo, 1 impala, 1 lechwe and 1 kudu and T. (Trypanozoon) brucei occurred in smears from 2 buffalo and 1 kudu, but all 84 rodent inoculations were negative. The overall incidence of trypanosome infections detected was 2,5% in buffalo and 4,3% in the other species. Protozoa resembling the cyst organisms of Sarcocystis spp., probably originating from cysts ruptured accidentally, occurred in the blood films of 2 impala and 1 tsessebe. The parasite Haematoxenus was not detected in any of the blood smears. The findings are compared with those of workers in other African countries and the importance of blood parasites in wild animals is discussed. PMID- 813171 TI - Proceedings: Nasal disodium chromoglycate (DSCG). PMID- 813172 TI - Perfusion of melanoma. 133 isolated perfusions in 114 patients. PMID- 813173 TI - A method of quantitating injury inflicted in acute spinal cord studies. AB - Spinal cord trauma was induced in cats and Rhesus monkeys using an improved method which allows for accurate quantitation of the force delivered. The materials and methods described consist of a weight which is dropped down a centre shaft on to a strain gauge arch assembly which transfers the force to a teflon impounder resting on the exposed dura of the cord. The force transferred from the weight to the impounder is recorded by the strain gauge and thr force curve can be displayed on a storage oscilloscope. The force delivered to the cord can thus be photographed and quantitated. The construction of the strain gauge assembly and the application of the apparatus are discussed. PMID- 813174 TI - DMBA-induced mammary tumours in locally irradiated rats. AB - Local X-ray irradiation (400 r) covering 3 abdominal mammary glands revealed no tumours in the irradiated region after 10 months. A similar irradiation 1 or 10 days prior to i.v. DMBA showed a significant increase of tumours in the irradiated region, as compared with the contralateral abdominal region. The two thoracic regions, however, still had a very high tumour incidence. This was equal to, or even higher than that of the irradiated area. The same pattern also prevailed in animals receiving extra-mammary irradiation. The significance of early local factors in carcinogenesis is stressed. PMID- 813175 TI - Glycogen regulation in isolated perfused near term monkey liver. AB - Glycogen metabolism was studied in the isolated perfused liver of the monkey conceptus at 90% of gestation using an in situ recirculating perfusion system. Net uptake of glucose and galactose and the activities of the enzymes, glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase, were studied in response to varied perfusate composition. Synthetase activity was expressed as %I. the percentage of total synthetase activity in the active form. Perfusate glucose concentrations as high as 700 mg/100 ml did not lead to net glucose uptake of to an increase in the baseline %I synthetase (4 +/- 1, mean +/- SEM). In the presence of 300 mg/100 ml glucose, insulin at 10(-7) M in creased %I to 8 +/- 2, and galactose greater than 75 mg/100 ml increased %I to 8 +/- 1. The combination of galactose, glucose, and insulin increased %I to 40 +/- 5. With this latter combination, synthetase activity was proportional to perfusate glucose concentration above 100 mg/100 ml. Phosphorylase activity was diminished by either galactose or insulin, and phosphorylase activity was lowest in the group receiving galactose, glucose, and insulin. Galactose was taken up by all livers, but net glucose uptake was not observed under any condition; net hexose uptake was observed in perfusions with galactose. Glycogen levels did not vary significantly with varied perfusate composition during the 30-min perfusion periods. PMID- 813176 TI - Fatal lactic acidosis in a newborn attributable to a congenital defect of pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - An infant suffering from metabolic acidosis attributable to hyperlactatemai (6.1 mmol/liter) accompanied by hyperalaninemia (1 mmol/liter) and hyperserinemia (0.6 mmol/liter) is described. The urinary excretion of lactate and pyruvate was greatly elevated; the lactate to pyruvate ratio was normal. The urine showed low levels of citrate, isocitrate, and cis-aconitate, and low or normal levels of alpha-oxoglutarate, succinate, malate, and methylmalonate. Aspartate was slightly elevated in serum and urine, indicating a corresponding increase if its alpha ketoacid oxaloacetatae. These patterns of organic acids and amino acids suggested an in vivo defect in the oxidation of pyruvate. Fibroblasts cultured from skin biopsy from the patient metabolized radioactive pyruvate (final concentration 0.04-2 mmol/liter) to CO2 at rates from 5 to 17% of that of fibroblasts from normal control subjects. Enzyme studies with fibroblast sonicates revealed a severe deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (about 8% of normal), and this error was localized to the first unit of the complex, i.e., the pyruvate dehydrogenase (about 4% of normal). Fibroblasts from both parents metabolized pyruvate to CO2 at a slightly reduced rate, suggesting parental heterozygosity. PMID- 813177 TI - Various bilirubin conjugates in pregnant and nonpregnant rats with and without phenobarbital treatment. AB - The relative participation of bilirubin conjugating systems other than uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid-dependent bilirubin glucuronyl transferase in 21-day pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) rats with and without prior phenobarbital (PB) administration was studied. Relative enzyme activities of 74.5%, 17.6%, and 7.9% were observed for glucuronic acid, xylose, and glucose conjugates, respectively, in untreated NP rats. Pregnancy itself did not alter the relative activities. In response to PB administration, P rats increased activity less than NP animals for all three enzymes. The ratios of the three conjugates remained unchanged in both P and NP groups after PB stimulation. PMID- 813178 TI - [Case of mucopolysaccharidosis II--Hunter's syndrome]. PMID- 813179 TI - GM3 gangliosidosis: a novel human sphingolipodystrophy. AB - A male infant of nonconsanguinous Jewish parents had clinical features of pseudo Hurler's syndrome. A maternal uncle with similar features had previously died at 21/2 months of age. Following death at 3 1/2 months of age, analysis of the patient's brain and liver revealed increased amounts of ganglioside GM3, a virtual absence of higher ganglioside homologues (GM3, GM1, GD1a, and GT1) and a deficiency of the biosynthetic enzyme, UDP-Gal NAc:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase. Since the biochemical findings denote a novel state of ganglioside deficiency, clinical findings emphasizing points of distinction from other causes of pseudo-Hurler's syndrome are presented. PMID- 813180 TI - The iduronidase-deficient mucopolysaccharidoses: clinical and roentgenorgraphic features. AB - Hurler and Scheie syndromes, two of the six clinically distinct mucopolysaccharidoses, are deficient in the same lysosomal enzyme, alpha-L iduronidase. A third group of iduronidase-deficient patients can now be identified during the pediatric years using clinical and radiographic criteria. Based on inferential evidence for allelism between the Hurler and Scheie genes, the occurrence of genetic compounds which simultaneously carry both mutant alleles may be predicted to occur. This can be considered analogous to the structural gene mutations leading to hemoglobin SC disease. Four patients with phenotypes intermediate between Hurler and Scheie syndromes are flet to represent genetic compounds of this type. Both clinical and roentgenographic features are helpful in distinguishing these patients from those with Hurler syndrome or Scheie syndrome. Fibroblast correction characteristics identical to those of Hurler syndrome and Scheie syndrome and absence of consanguinity are additional features which favor classification as genetic compounds. The possibility of a third mutant allele at the Hurler-Scheie locus or of extreme phenotype variation are not considered likely alternative explantations. Depending on the frequency of the Scheie syndrome and the Hurler syndrome, genetic compounds may occur with an intermediate frequency or may be more common than either homozygous condition. PMID- 813181 TI - [Continuous feeding of low birth weight infants by duodenal tube]. PMID- 813182 TI - [Regressive neonatal neurofibromatosis and late nerve tumor]. PMID- 813183 TI - Heparin and ethylenediamine tetra-acetate as anticoagulants for fish blood. AB - This study compares the effects of ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) and heparin in various concentrations as anticoagulants on the microhaematocrit values of the blood of five species of freshwater fish. EDTA always produced haemolysis after a time interval ranging from 1 to 48 hrs and increased cell volume. Heparin in powdered form was found to be the anticoagulant of choice although minor haematological changes do occur, but it is stressed that preliminary experiments must be done to examine the effects of the anticoagulant before routine haematologic analyses are preformed. PMID- 813184 TI - [Fast neutron radiotherapy of a mouse malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 813185 TI - Malignant otitis externa. PMID- 813186 TI - Cost-benefit paralysis. PMID- 813187 TI - An innovative approach to long term care--a case study. PMID- 813188 TI - Pioneers in medicine: J.H. Jackson 1835-1911. PMID- 813189 TI - Synthesis of some 2-aminonicotinic acid derivatives. AB - The nucleophilic exchange of chlorine atom in 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine with morpholine, piperidine and pyrrolidine was carried out. Acids, amides, thioamides, esters and hydrazides were derived from the obtained compounds (Fig. 1). Some of these compounds showed only moderate tuberculostatic activity. PMID- 813190 TI - [Prospects for reconstructive surgery of oviducts and surgical treatment of female sterility using plastics]. AB - The author presents a critical review of the literature and his own experience on the operative treatment of feminine infertility. New achievements and attempts in this field are also discussed. PMID- 813191 TI - Infection in diabetes, predisposing factors. PMID- 813192 TI - Kinetics of lead interaction with human erythrocytes. PMID- 813193 TI - [Candida infections and their evolution in patients receiving parenteral feeding]. AB - Parenteral nutrition has completely modified the prognosis in a variety of illnesses of digestive tract. The method is not devoid of complications, and septicemias, particularly those originated by fungii of the Candida species, have been informed to occur with an alarming frequency of up to 23%. The patient on parenteral nutrition is an ideal prey for this kind of infection, but if the technic and the metabolic control are brought down considerably. In 30 patients of the Department of Gastroenterology at the Hospital General, Centro Medico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, we have studied the frequency and evolution of Candida infections, detected before or during the treatment with parenteral nutrition to know the influence of the method on this type of host parasite relationship. In the initial cultures 60% of the patients develop Candida in one or several regions; percentage increased to 63.3% at the end of 15 days and decreased spontaneously to 33% at the end of the treatment on the 30 patients we did not observe a septicemia due to Candida. We conclude that parenteral nutrition, while correcting the nutritional state of the patient, with a good technic, favors the spontaneous withdrawal of the fungii, without the necessary specific treatment. PMID- 813194 TI - [A clinically controlled study of disodium cromoglycate solution in prennial rhinitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 813195 TI - Clinical trials of health education for hypertensive outpatients: design and baseline data. PMID- 813196 TI - [Identification of the nature of the slimy substance of the thermophilic culture of Bac. subtilis-20]. AB - By infrared spectrography and gas-liquid chromatography the composition of the slimy substance of the thermophilic culture Bac. subtilis-20 has been investigated. The slimy substance synthesized by Bac. subtilis-20 has been shown to be a polysaccharide. Xylose, amnnose and glucose have been found in its acid hydrolysate. PMID- 813198 TI - [Influence of clay minerals on the oxidative activity of the caprolactam destructors Bacillus subtilis 6 and 21]. AB - By the Warburg manometric method the respiratory activity of the caprolactam destructors--Bacillus subtilis strains 6 and 21 was measured. The bacteria grown on the synthetic nutrient medium with caprolactam as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen oxidized that substrate more intensively than the cells grown on meat-peptone agar. The activity of caprolactam oxidation by the cultures showed strain differences. Clay minerals--montmorillonit, palygorskit, bentonit and vermiculit--stimulated the glucose and caprolactam oxidation by the above bacteria. The highest stimulating effect was produced by montmorillonit. PMID- 813197 TI - [Modification of the gas chromatographic method for identifying gaseous metabolites of microorganisms]. AB - A procedure for analyzing gaseous products resulting from metabolic processes of microorganisms has been developed. The procedure allows a distinct separation of gaseous products (H2, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, etc). The relative error ranges from 3.4 to 2.9% depending on the concentration of the gas in the volume tested. PMID- 813199 TI - [Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and complex B vitamins on the synthesis of alkaline protease by different strains of Bacillus mesentericus and Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The effect of different sources of carbon, nitrogen, amino acids and vitamins on the synthesis of alkaline proteases by the stock and mutant strains of Bacillus mesentericus and by the natural strain of Bacillus subtilis-12 has been investigated. The maximum synthesis of alkaline protease has been obtained in the media containing starch or its hydrolysates--dextrine and maltose as the carbon source. Ammonium phosphate and casein as the nitrogen source prove to be optimal for Bac. mesentericus and Bac. subtilis, respectively. Complex B vitamins added to the nutrient medium accelerate the enzyme synthesis 2.5-4-fold. PMID- 813200 TI - [Inosine synthesis by Bacillus subtilis mutants and their development in synthetic media]. AB - The inosine synthesis by Bacillus subtilis mutants selected by the Institute of Genetics 265 and 21 and their development on the mineral medium were studied. The mutants behaved differently towards the sources and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium as well as towards additions of tyrosine, histidine, adenine and uracyl. Optimal concentrations of the components of the mineral medium for the inosine synthesis by the Bac. subtilis mutants were determined. Under favourable conditions the mutants synthesized 8 to 10 mg/ml inosine for 120 hours. PMID- 813201 TI - [Carboxypeptidases in preparations of proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 813202 TI - [Study of oxidative enzymes of the lignin-degrading fungus Pleurotus ostreatus]. AB - The elctrophoretic separation in polyacrylamide gel of laccase and peroxidase isoenzymes of the lignin-degrading fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated. The optimal electrophoretic conditions were found: in the electrode buffer tris diethyl barbituric acid pH 7.0 in the gradient gel-4-10% acrylamide. Seven peroxidase isoenzymes oxidizing base benzidine and guaiacol were identified and five laccase isoenzymes reacting with specific substrates-p-phenylene diamine, alphs-naphthol, pyrogallol, hydroquinone were determined. PMID- 813203 TI - [Accumulation of aflatoxins on wheat grain inoculated by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 2999 and their distribution in grinding products]. AB - The influence of temperature ranging from 15 to 35 degrees C and relative humidity of 75 to 90% on the accumulation of aflatoxins on wheat grain inoculated by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 2999 was investigated. The lowest accumulation of aflatoxins took place at 20 degrees C and relative humidity of 80%. The highest accumulation of aflatoxins appeared in the grain after 3 day storage. Some products of three-graded 78% grinding showed a decrease in the aflatoxin content (flour of the first and second grade). During baking of leavened bread 70-80% of aflatoxins were decomposed. The feasible use of the rapid conditioning and Remix method to reduce the content of aflatoxins in flour and bread is discussed. PMID- 813205 TI - Atherosclerosis in primates. Introduction and overview. PMID- 813206 TI - Atherosclerosis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 813207 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in nonhuman primates. PMID- 813204 TI - [Ion exchange purification of some enzymes on KMT carboxyl cation exchanges]. AB - Highly purfied preparations of the enzymes--yeast beta-fructofuranosidase, fungal beta-galactosidase and bacterial proteases have been isolated from crude preparations or culture liquids by adsorption on KMT microporous carboxyl cation exchanger. During desorption the enzyme activity has fully recovered and the specific activity increased 4.5-fold for beta-galactosidase and 54-fold for proteases. PMID- 813208 TI - Reversibility of fatty streaks in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 813210 TI - Experimental atherosclerosis in the baboon. PMID- 813211 TI - Atherosclerosis in old world monkeys. PMID- 813209 TI - Coronary artery fine structure in rhesus monkeys: nonatherosclerotic intimal thickening. PMID- 813213 TI - [Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the aid of phages and other methods]. PMID- 813212 TI - Atherosclerosis in new world monkeys. PMID- 813214 TI - [Determination of the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 813215 TI - Isolation of antibodies specific to sickle hemoglobin by affinity chromatography using a synthetic peptide. AB - Antibodies to hemoglobin have been studied with a radioimmunoassay which employs [14C]carbamylated (= carbamolyated) hemoglobin S. An antiserum raised against hemoglobin S, which initially discriminated poorly between hemoglobins S and A, was fractionated by absorption to a column of Sepharose to which a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 13 amino-acid residues of the beta chain of sickle hemoglobin had been covalently bound. A subpopulation of the antiserum was eluted from this column with 4 M guanidine - HC1. These antibodies showed binding to hemoglobin S but not to hemoglobin A and this interaction could be inhibited by the synthetic peptide. These antibodies, of demonstrated fine structural specificity, may be useful in the detection of sickle hemoglobin and in the study of its structure in solution. PMID- 813216 TI - Synthesis of specific functional messenger RNA in vitro by phage-SP01-modified RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis. AB - RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) was purified from rifampicin-resistant Bacillus subtilis, from both uninfected cells and cells infected with bacteriophage SP01. The enzyme from infected cells lacked all traces of the sigma subunit, contained several polypeptides absent from the enzyme made in uninfected cells, and had an altered template specificity in a transcription assay. A cell-free protein synthesizing system from Escherichia coli, when poisoned with rifampicin, was completely dependent on addition of either of these RNA polymerase preparations for DNA-dependent protein synthesis. Under these conditions, the SP01-modified RNA polymerase preferentially stimulated the synthesis of functional mRNA for the phage enzyme dCMP deaminase (deoxycytidylate aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.12), whereas unmodified B. subtilis RNA polymerase could stimulate synthesis of this mRNA in small quantity and only after prolonged incubation. This mRNA belongs to a class of phage transcripts (m) which cannot be transcribed in vivo in the absence of phage specific protein synthesis. PMID- 813217 TI - Differential activity staining: its use in characterization of guanylyl-specific ribonuclease in the genus Ustilago. AB - Guanylyl-specific ribonuclease can be identified by a novel technique employing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide slabs followed by differential activity staining. The technique requires as little as 7 ng of enzyme which may be grossly admixed with contaminants, including other ribonucleases. Upon electrophoresis and activity staining, a variety of ribonucleases can be visualized as light or clear bands in a colored background formed by toluidine blue complexed with oligonucleotide substrate. Guanylyl-specific ribonuclease, which is detectable when using an oligonucleotide substrate of random base sequence, does not yield a band when using oligonucleotides bearing guanylyl residues at the 3'-termini only and containing, therefore, no susceptible internucleotide bonds; in contrast, a ribonuclease with a different base specificity or no base specificity yields a band with either substrate. This differential activity staining method for establishing guanylyl specificity permits estimation of the extent of nonspecific cleavage of internucleotide linkages by a putatively guanylyl-specific enzyme and is at least as sensitive as conventional procedures for determination of base specificity. With this new technique guanyloribonuclease has been identified in the unfractionated culture medium of 10 organisms belonging to the phytopathogenic fungal genus Ustilago. It is suggested that guanylyl-specific ribonuclease is widely distributed among Ustilago species; its electrophoretic properties may be revealing of phylogenetic relationships among these plant parasites and among their hosts. The general technique of differential activity staining, developed for determination of the base specificity of ribonucleases, may be widely applicable to analysis of enzymes catalyzing depolymerization reactions. PMID- 813218 TI - 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance study of [85% 13C-enriched proline]thyrotropin releasing factor: 13C-13C vicinal coupling constants and conformation of the proline residue. AB - To understand fully interactions between peptides and cellular receptors, peptide side chain conformation must be defined. In many cases the complexity of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) prevents this but the present work demonstrates this problem can be solved by using 13C enrichment. Selective 13C enrichment of a natural peptide hormone has been achieved by preparing [85% 13C-enriched proline]thyrotropin releasing factor which was examined by 13C NMR spectroscopy at various pH values. Because of the 13C enrichment, one-bonded and three-bonded (vicinal) 13C-13C coupling constants have been determined. The latter vary from 0 to 5 Hz and show bond angle dependence. These data indicate that in this hormone the pyrrolidine ring is not free but fixed in the Cgamma-endo puckered conformation. It has also been possible to assign chemical shift values for a second order 13C NMR spectrum. PMID- 813219 TI - Structure and regulation of immunoglobulins: kappa allotypes in the rat have multiple amino-acid differences in the constant region. AB - Immunoglobulin kappa chains from various inbred strains of rats have two serologically detectable forms that segregate in a Mendelian fashion (allotypes a and b of the RI-I locus). Partial amino-acid sequences from the constant regions of these two forms have been compared. Of the 81 residues of the constant region studied, 10 amino-acid substitutions as well as one size difference (sequence gap) were found. This large number of sequence differences among alternative forms of the kappa allotype raises provocative questions as to the genetic and evolutionary implications of these light chain allotypes. We designate allotypes whose alternative forms differ at multiple residue positions as complex allotypes. There are basically two genetic models that might explain complex allotypes. First, these allotypes are alleles of a single structural gene with an unusual evolutionary history. Second, all rats have genes that code for each of the light chain allotypes and a control mechanism that permits them to be expressed so that they mimic a Mendelian pattern of segregation. We discuss evidence from other immunoglobulin systems that is compatible with this second model. PMID- 813220 TI - Similarities among hypervariable segments of immunoglobulin chains. AB - A human lambdaV (Mcg) and a human lambdaII (Vil) myeloma protein have identical sequences in their first hypervariable segments although they differ at 21 positions throughout the variable region. If a different structural gene is responsible for each subgroup, the findings favor insertion of information for the hypervariable or complementarity-determining segments. PMID- 813221 TI - Mutual potentiation by magnesium and calcium of growth in animal cells. AB - The effects on DNA synthesis of various combinations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in cultures of chick embryo cells have been studied. When [Mg2+] larger than or equal to 0.24 mM, reduction of Ca2+ from the standard concentration of 1.72 mM to 0.01 mM had no effect on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) into DNA over a 16-hr period. When Mg2+ was reduced to 0.04 mM, [3H]dThd incorporation into DNA decreased directly with [Ca2+] below 1.72 mM and increased slightly up to [Ca2+] = 5.02 mM, where cell damage began to occur. The change in [Ca2+] necessary to maintain a half-maximal rate of [3H]dThd incorporation was found to depend inversely on the fourth power of the change in [Mg2+]. Chelation of Ca2+ with approximately equimolar ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N' tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in the presence of [Mg2+] larger than or equal to 0.24 mM reduced [3H]dThd incorporation about 10-fold, and large excesses of EGTA did not further reduce it. The amount of EGTA required to produce a detectable inhibition of [3H]dThd incorporation was independent of [Mg2+] larger than or equal to 0.24 mM, as was the level of residual incorporation in excess EGTA. When [Mg2+] was reduced to 0.04 mM, however, [3H]dThd incorporation declined even when [EGTA] less than [Ca2+], and vanished when EGTA was in large excess. The results are discussed within the framework of a model for the regulation of cell metabolism and growth in which the availability of free Mg2+ is the central coordinating factor. The metabolic effects of Mg2+ depend on its distribution between elements such as ATP and binding sites on membranes. We propose that the major metabolic effects of varying [Ca2+] are produced indirectly through its competition with Mg2+ for membrane sites, thereby making more or less Mg2+ available for rate limiting transphosphorylation reactions. PMID- 813222 TI - Reiteration frequency of immunoglobulin light chain genes: further evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity. AB - Methods have been developed for preparing mouse immunoglobulin light chain mRNA of better than 90% purity. Hybridization of both lambda and kappa mRNAs to excess liver DNA yielded results compatible with gene reiteration frequencies of two to three. There was no evidence of hybridization of these highly purified mRNAs to reiterated DNA, and, in fact, the kinetics of hybridization were very similar to that of purified globin mRNA. Purified lambda mRNA from tumors producing structurally different lambda chains were used in competition hybridization experiments. An unlabeled lambda mRNA competed with another, labeled lambda mRNA to the same extent as homologous unlabeled lambda mRNA. That is, base sequence homology among lambda mRNAs is so high that any lambda mRNA should cross hybridize with all germ line variable (Vlambda) genes at least for those V regions which are represented among myelomas. From amino-acid sequence data, it is argued that there are probably more than 25 different lambda V regions. Hence it is concluded that the number of germ line genes is too small to account for the diversity of lambda chains. A similar conclusion is drawn for kappa chains. PMID- 813223 TI - Isoimmunization against human chorionic gonadotropin with conjugates of processed beta-subunit of the hormone and tetanus toxoid. AB - The immunogenicity of the conjugate prepared from "processed" beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (choriogonadotropin, HCG) and tetanus toxoid has been studied in animals and a human subject. The conjugate elicited the formation of high-affinity (Ka = 10(9)-10(11) M-1) anti-HCG and anti-tetanus antibodies. On primary immunization, the antibody, response lasted for several months. Repeat injection of the conjugate in the declining phase of antibody titers produced a booster response without a lag period. The antibodies reacted with the beta subunit of HCG and the complete HCG molecule but were devois of significant crossreactivity with human growth hormone, placental lactogen, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone at tonic and surge levels. The antibodies were competent for neutralizing the biological activity of HCG in the mouse uterine weight gain assay, the ventral prostate weight gain assay, and the radioligand assay for binding of 125I-labeled HCG to receptors on corpus luteum. HCG (5000 international units) administered to an immunized subject was completely bound by circulating antibodies. Administration of HCG (in contrast to conjugate) was without booster effect on anti-HCG titers. PMID- 813224 TI - Defective function of a microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase in Gunn rats. AB - The kinetic parameters of the p-nitrophenol-metabolizing form of UDP glucuronyltransferase [-UDPglucuronosyltransferase; UDPglucuronate beta glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific), EC 2.4.1.17] have been compared in liver microsomes from the Gunn strain of rat and from normal; Wistar rats. The abnormally low rate of glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol in the Gunn rats, as compared with Wistar rats, is due to decreased affinity of UDP glucuronyltransferase for UDP-glucuronic acid. Activities at Vmax and the Michaelis constant for p-nitrophenol, KPNP, of UDP-glucuronyltransferase are the same for enzyme from either strain of rat. Studies of the kinetic parameters of the reverse reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase indicate that the enzyme from Gunn rats also has decreased affinity for UDP. Calculated values of deltaG degrees for the binding of the UDP portion of UDP-glucuronic acid suggest that the defect of UDP-glucuronyltransferase of Gunn rats appears limited to abnormal interactions between the enzyme and the UDP portion of UDP-glucuronic acid. Studies of the extent of UDP-induced inhibition of the forward reaction support this idea. Diethylnitrosamine, added to microsomes in vitro, enhances the affinity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase for the UDP portion of UDP-glucuronic acid. Despite the defective conformation of the UDP-glucuronic acid binding site of UDP glucuronyltransferase from Gunn rats this enzyme is activated in the normal way by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, which is a K-type effector with regard to UDP glucuronic acid. PMID- 813225 TI - Control of development: role of regulatory nucleotides synthesized by membranes of Bacillus subtilis in initiation of sporulation. AB - A model explaining the mechanism of initiation of differentiation is presented. It is based on the finding that sporulation in B. subtilis can be induced by the same nutrient deficiencies that also induce the synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides. Two of these nucleotides are synthesized by membrane vesicles. Synthesis can be inhibited by the same metabolites of glucose that also inhibit sporulation. It is concluded, therefore, that the plasma membrane synthesizes unusual nucleotides in response to nutrient deficiencies. By several as yet unknown steps, these nucleotides then cuase changes in the metabolism of the organism leading to the formation of spores. Both structure and mechanism of synthesis of adenosine hexaphosphate, pppAppp, have been elucidated by use of ATP analogues. PMID- 813226 TI - A method for determination of the in situ distribution of chromosomal proteins. AB - A technique has been developed for "staining" cytological preparations by indirect immunofluorescent methods that permits determination of the in situ distribution of chromosomal proteins. The method is particularly oriented to the use of polytene chromosome squashes from Drosophila salivary glands. Control experiments indicate that the fixation methods used allow little or no extraction or rearrangement of the chromosomal proteins. The results obtained demonstrate the specific in vivo chromosomal locations of nonhistone proteins purified from isolated chromatin. The technique is apparently capable of resolution at the level of the chromomere or band, the unit of genetic organization in Drosophila. PMID- 813228 TI - Application of polarization effects in light scattering: a new biophysical tool. AB - We demonstrate that a newly developed instrument which measures all polarization and intensity information contained in differentially and elastically scattered light has valuable applications in biology. The polarization states of light scattered differentially from suspensions of biological scatters are shown to contain structural information about those systems. The scatterers are discussed in the context of a 16 component matrix which completely characterizes the scattering process. The instrument and method are described in terms of the corresponding matrix algebra. We also discuss the use of the instrument as a device for distinguishing between closely related structural systems and as a tool for following time-dependent structural changes. PMID- 813227 TI - Metabolic activation of aromatic hydrocarbons in purified rat liver nuclei: induction of enzyme activities and binding to DNA with and without monooxygenase catalyzed formation of active oxygen. AB - Purified rat liver nuclei covalently bound low levels of seven aromatic [14C]hydrocarbons to nuclear DNA. Induction with 3-methylcholanthrene increased the binding of six carcinogenic hydorcarbons, but did not raise the level of binding of noncarcinogenic anthracence. Removal of the nuclear envelope by Triton N-101 eliminated binding and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities and cytochrome P-450 from the nuclei. Binding of two of two strong carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, to nuclear DNA was compared to the levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 in nuclei from uninduced and benz[a]anthracene-, 3-methylcholanthrene-, and phenobarbital induced rats. Microsomal hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 were also assayed. Induction with 3-methylcholanthrene gave the largest increases in nuclear activities: 11 times as much hydroxylase, 6 times as much cytochrome P-450, and 4 times as much binding of both hydrocarbons. Benz[a]anthracene and phenobarbital induced these nuclear activities 0- to 4-fold. In the presence of added NADPH, binding of benzol[a]pyrene to DNA by nuclei increased rapidly for at least 20 min. When NADPH was not added, the reaction stopped at a low level in 5 min. When CO was bubbled through the reaction mixture with or without added NADPH, binding of benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was partially inhibited, indicating that cytochrome P-450 plays a role in this activation. Since no nuclear hydroxylase activity was seen without added NADPH or in the presence of CO, activation and subsequent binding of hydrocarbons to nuclear DNA, at least in part, does not require the activated oxygen used in monooxygenase reactions. PMID- 813229 TI - Multiple pheromone system controlling mating in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The signals essential to Drosophila melanogaster courtship include pheromones emitted by the female which stimulate the male to court and pheromones emitted by the courting male which stimulate the female to accept. Genetic variation among these phermones is a common (if not universal) requirement for stimulation of either sex. The signal from the courting male to the female involves both a volatile and a nonvolatile component. The volatile component is associated with loci on the second and/or third chromosomes, while the monvolatile component is associated with the X and/or fourth chromosomes. This widespread distribution in the genome of loci controlling various components in the communication network inevitably results in linkage associations with other loci. The genetic array of gametes was limited. When combined with the negative assortitative mating pattern produced by the stimulation by dissimilar pheromones, linkage disequilibrium creates a strong counterforce to inbreeding during population bottlenecks. PMID- 813231 TI - Blood-aqueous barrier can be circumvented by lowering intraocular pressure. AB - Rhesus monkeys were injected intravenously with hypertonic urea (9 ml/kg body weight of 30% urea in 10% invert sugar) and the intraocular pressure was measured with an applamatic tonometer. When this pressure reached its minimum (20% of the normal value) horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight 40,000; radius of an equivalent hydrodynamic sphere about 2.5 nm; 0.5 g/kg body weight), was injected intravenously. Twenty minutes following peroxidase administration, either aqueous humor was sampled from the anterior chamber for biochemical determination of peroxidase activity, or one eyeball was enucleated and processed for light and electron microscopic localization of the enzymatic tracer. This experiment showed that: (1) therapeutic doses of hypertonic urea do not cause a breakdown of either the blood-retina or the blood-aqueous barriers; (2) as intraocular pressure decreases, peroxidase-containing blood flows back from the episcleral veins into the Schlemm canal; (3) macromolecules up to the dimensions of horseradish peroxidase leak through the intercellular clefts of the endothelium of the Schlemm canal, permeate the juxtacanalicular connective tissue and trabecular meshwork, and finally enter the anterior chamber. Thus, blood-borne substances can circumvent the blood-aqueous barrier when intraocular pressure is decreased, and administration of a hypertonic agent may represent a simple pharmacological device to cause penetration into the ocular chambers by drugs that are normally excluded from the interior of the eye. PMID- 813232 TI - An improved method for the determination of the biological availability of lysine in proteins using the micro-organism Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 813233 TI - Essential fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 813230 TI - The mucopolysaccharidoses (a review). AB - The mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of genetic diseases characterized by storage of incompletely degraded glycosaminoglycans. Such storage causes marked distortion of many tissues with consequent severe somatic changes and mental retardation. Storage of glycosaminoglycans results from markedly diminished activity of specific hydrolases requisite for the normal degradation of glycosaminoglycans. The specific enzymic defects have been identified in nine different diseases. In some cases evidence has been obtained indicating the existence of additional allelic diseases based on the same enzyme. The knowledge obtained from these studies has made prenatal diagnosis possible and has led to the possibility that therapy may be undertaken utilizing enzyme replacement. PMID- 813234 TI - Quality control in blood transfusion. PMID- 813236 TI - The nature of the polymeric serum IgA in man. AB - The nature and the amount of polymeric IgA in sera from normal, adult humans was investigated by means of three markers that selectively differentiate polymeric IgA: the capacity to bind secretory component; the presence of the J chain; and the reactivity with an antiserum that recognizes only the polymeric form of IgA. The results demonstrated that the sera of healthy adults contain only minimal amounts (less than 1% of the total serum IgA) of the true dimeric IgA. These conditions are valid for healthy individuals only. Pathological conditions at the secretory sites may result in increased values for the dimeric as well as for the secretory IgA in serum. PMID- 813235 TI - Elevated 7S immunoglobulin and acute phase proteins in adjuvant-injected chickens. AB - Injection of chickens with FCA or FIA supplemented with either Bordetella pertussis or Nocardia rubra induced greatly increased serum levels of 7S Ig and proteins with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mobility in electrophoresis. The serum protein changes were correlated with the development of DHS and the formation of a large allergic granuloma. The 7S Ig was considered "nonspecific" since it was not adsorbed with the bacterial cells. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-mobility proteins were identified as acute phase proteins as they also were induced by injection of chickens with turpentine-oil; however, increased serum levels of 7S Ig were not similarly increased. PMID- 813237 TI - Effect of force-feeding upon basal insulin levels of rats. AB - Rats were over- or under-fed to achieve a wide range of body weights. The effect of this treatment on basal insulin levels, with and without pretreatment with atropine, was examined. Basal insulin was positively correlated with body weight and this relationship was essentially unchanged in the presence of atropine. PMID- 813238 TI - Action of trypsin and detergents on tyrosinase of normal and malignant melanocytes. AB - The T1 variety of tyrosinase is present in both particulate and soluble or readily solubilized forms in the pigmented hypodermis (hair bulbs) of C57BL mice and Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. Trypsin treatment of 35,000g supernatants containing the microsomal (small granule) fraction of gentle homogenates of hair bulbs and melanoma results in significantly increased T1 activity within polyacrylamide gels. Similar treatment of 100,000g supernatants results in a slight increase in T1 activity. Addition of Triton-X or DOC to 35,000g supernatants of hair bulb and melanoma homogenates followed by centrifugation at 100,000g results in a marked enhancement of T1 when the latter supernatants are treated with trypsin. In the absence of trypsin treatment, T1 activity is comparable to nondetergent-treated controls. A slow-moving dopa-reactive band (Ts) is found in electropherograms of the nontrypsinized 100,000g supernants of detergent-treated 35,000g supernatants. It is absent in those treated with trypsin. The slow-moving enzyme appears to give rise to T1 molecules when eluted from acrylamide gels and even to a greater extent when elution is combined with trypsin treatment prior to reelectrophoresis. In mammals, tyrosinase apparently is not derived by a proteolytic activation of protyrosinase. PMID- 813239 TI - Comparing the effects of scopolamine on operant and aggressive responses in squirrel monkeys. AB - The anticholinergic drug, scopolamine, causes disinhibition or an increase in responses that an animal normally suppresses. Experiment 1 confirmed this effect in squirrel monkeys. Experiment 2 explored the implications of drug-produced disinhibition on aggressive interactions. In Experiment 1, scopolamine produced increased unreinforced responding on a DRL schedule and increased responding during unreinforced (Time Out) periods. In contrast, the peripheral control drug, methyl scopolamine, caused decreased responding in both situations. In Experiment 2, social rank and drug treatment interacted. When space was restricted so that the opportunity for social interactions was maximized, scopolamine consistently increased aggressiveness in the dominant monkey and decreased aggressiveness in a submissive monkey. When space was increased so that the opportunity for social interactions was minimized, scopolamine caused decreased aggressive responses in all monkeys. Neither the effective dosage nor the drug's effect on the operant task could be easily generalized to aggressive responses. PMID- 813241 TI - Photoreactivity of hydroxypsoralens and their photobiological effects in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 813240 TI - Retention of functional tolerance to ethanol in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Tolerance to ethanol (3 g/kg 90 min prior to testing) was assessed in a group of 4 rhesus monkeys in which tolerance development had been observed using the same behavioral task one year prior to the present study. Although some decrements in performance on a two-choice discrimination reversal learning task were observed, these changes were transient and statistically insignificant. Results indicate that functional tolerance persisted throughout a one year abstinence period. PMID- 813243 TI - [General physiopathological consequences of hypermetropic strain]. PMID- 813242 TI - Toward enzyme therapy for lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 813244 TI - Early cold training in newborn rats and dynamics of brain biochemical maturation. AB - The aim of the experiment was to investigate the influence of cold training in early postnatal life, on the dynamics of some biochemical brain parameters. Studies carried out on 96 Wistar newborn rats led to the following conclusions: chronic exposure to -12 degrees C, 10 min. daily, starting with day 1, or 7, 14, 21, and 30 days induces a significant stimulation of 32P-incorporation into brain phospholipids (in 14-, 21-, and 30-day-old rats), into phosphoproteins, cerebral DNA and RNA (especially in 14-day-old-rats.) The authors discuss the biological significance of these findings. PMID- 813245 TI - Determination of blood serum protein reactivity in children with behavior disturbances. AB - The researches were carried out on two groups of children: normals and with behavior disturbances. The serum cationic state was determined by an original method, using heparin as cautions exchanger in physiological pH, and the protein reactivity; the electrophoretic mobility of serum proteins at pH 7.4; total soduim and serum proteins. The obtained results show that serum proteins in children with behavior disturbances differ from those of normals, having: 1) smaller number of serotonin-fixing sites, 2) higher strength interaction between the serotonin and proteins, 3) lower resistance to the denaturant agents which has as a consequence the increase of cationic activity in the serum, and an increased electrophoretic mobility. The data are discussed and interpreted as perturbations in the electrolytes exchange (Na+, especially) in the integration centres of the autonomic functions. PMID- 813246 TI - [The ontogenetic development of GOT and GPT transaminases in mice and rats]. PMID- 813247 TI - DNA -a computer model. AB - The model of the system DNA-histones functioning like a computer has the following elements: 1. The hydrogen bonds between the complementary nucleotide bases function as informational gates. When the pi electrons of a nucleotide base are excited, an exchange of protons is produced between the 2 complementary bases. The result is the displacement of the double conjugated bonds which facilitate the intermolecular transmission of the electronic wave of excitation by an electromagnetic coupling. 2. Each triplet of nucleotide bases of DNA fixes a certain amino acid (as in the genetic code). Between the nucleotide bases and the amino acids there are constituted informational gates, which ensure the circulation of the electronic wave of excitation. PMID- 813248 TI - Learning and evolution. AB - Between the trinucleotides standing on the 2 chains of DNA, connections are made by means of amino acids, according to the signals received from the environment. Three types of connections are formed: the succession and the simultaneity connections, which explain the process of learning, and the evolutionary connection, which produces the phylogenetic evolution. PMID- 813249 TI - Investigations on some coagulability tests in atherosclerosis. AB - Coagulation and fibrinolysis were investigated in a group of atherosclerosis patients, a group of neonates and a control group, determining the clot retraction time, the amount and quality of the blood platelets, and euglobulin lysis time. The results showed that fibrinolytic activity values are about equal in the two experimental groups, whereas clot retraction time, number of thrombocytes, thrombocyte adhesiveness, and agglutination sharply differed. Hyperadhesiveness and hyperagglutination were found in 75% of the atherosclerosis patients, with a clot retraction time of 79% and 290,000 thrombocytes/mm3 as compared to the hypoadhesiveness and hypoagglutination found in all the neonates, in which clot retraction was 43% and the number of thrombocytes 115,000. All values differed from those of the control lot. PMID- 813250 TI - Daniel Danielopolu. PMID- 813251 TI - Contributions to the perfecting of the enzymatic method used for the determination of ATP in biological systems. AB - The improvement of methods for the determination of ATP, that is the increasing of their sensitivity is extremely useful for the study of excitation-energy coupling in excitable membranes. Such investigations from the object of the present work in which there is proved that the microanalytical method for the dosing of ATP, based on the enzymatic reaction with luciferin-luciferase system, may be converted into a ultramicroanalytical method and therefore used also in other fields of research, as for example the ATP biosynthesis in cell cultures. PMID- 813252 TI - Action of some pituitary hormones on the work capacity in rats. AB - FSH (50 mu/rat X 12 days), ICSH (in the same dosis) and gonadotropinum sericum (20 U/rat X 13 days) have a prevailing inhibitory influence on the motor activity in untrained or/and trained rats. TSH raises the motor performance but significantly only in great doses (1.5 IU/100g body weight X 13 days). GH (0.1 and 0.5 mg/rat X 16 days) reduces the favourable effects of moderate training on the run performance. A part of these results could be explained by the studied biochemical changes. PMID- 813253 TI - [Experimental thermal stress and cardiovascular modifications]. PMID- 813254 TI - [Efficacy of fluorescence microscopy in the detection of acidoresistant bacilli from the sputum]. PMID- 813255 TI - Proceedings: Thyrotropin releasing hormone in depression: clinical and endocrinological findings. PMID- 813256 TI - Experimental leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. PMID- 813257 TI - Public Health Reports, December 11, 1942: Sulfanilamide in the treatment of leprosy. PMID- 813258 TI - A study of the effectiveness of family planning clinics in the Philippines. AB - A study of 190 Philippine family planning clinics revealed that certain clinic and physician characteristics were significantly and positively associated with clinic effectiveness, defined in terms of the mean number of monthly acceptors of family planning and the efficacy of the methods selected. Clinics with a high degree of effectiveness were more likely to be staffed by physicians who wanted three or fewer children, who relied more extensively on the IUD (intrauterine device) than physicians in less effective clinics, and who derived more satisfaction from working in family planning than physicians in less effective clinics. Autonomous clinics were more effective than integrated clinics, and clinics staffed by physicians trained by institutions with more experience in family planning were more effective than those staffed by physicians trained by institutions with less experience in this field. The findings regarding the following hypotheses were in the predicted direction: Clinic effectiveness will be greater in clinics staffed by female rather than by male physicians, in urban rather than in rural clinics, in clinics staffed by physicians with a low rather than a high degree of religiosity, and in clinics staffed by physicians with a high rather than a low degree of concern about population growth. The differences in clinic effectiveness, however, in these instances, were not significant. PMID- 813259 TI - Insertion of IUDs by rural midwives in Iran. PMID- 813260 TI - The complexity of compiling abortion statistics. PMID- 813261 TI - Use of drugs among persons admitted to a country jail. AB - Examinations of 427 prisoners at the time of the admission to a large urban county jail showed that more than a quarter were, or had been, users of potentially addictive drugs. Except for their drug problems, the drug users did not present any more of different health problems than the nonusers. The treatment for drug abuse recommended by the examining physicians was, for the most part, not available in the facility. Evidence of continued drug use in the jail by less than 10 per cent of the prisoners was obtained at 4-week and 8-week followup examinations. Detection of drug use by means of questionnaires and urine testing was shown to be feasible among persons admitted to such a jail. PMID- 813262 TI - An analysis of the causes of increases in Medicaid payments, New Jersey, 1970-74. AB - An examination of the causes of the increases in payments made for 9 of the 17 health services provided by the New Jersey Medicaid program during calendar years 1970-74 revealed that most of the overall increase occurred because of an increase in utilization, followed by increases in prices and the number of eligible persons. An analysis of the annual rates of change for each of the three factors showed that price changes did not conform to any discernible pattern, while most of the increase in eligible persons plus a substantial amount of the increase in utilization occurred during 1970-71. The findings suggest that Medicaid payments will continue to increase in the future. However, because of uncertainty about the magnitude of price and utilization changes, coupled with uncertainty about whether the Medicaid umbrella will be expanded, as it was most recently by the 1972 Amendments to the Social Security Act, no definitive conclusions were reached about the size of future increases in Medicaid payments. PMID- 813263 TI - Who chooses prepaid medical care: Survey results from two marketings of three new prepayment plans. AB - Employees joining or not joining three newly marketed prepayment plans were surveyed during the first marketing period and during another open enrollment period 18 months later. In the 1973 survey the respondents were 149 subscribers (family contracts covering 568 persons) to the new plans and 224 nonjoiners (a total of 802 persons in their families)--all employees of Rochester's largest industry. In the 1975 survey the respondents were employees of several companies. They included 326 joiner families (1,101 persons) and 145 nonjoiner families (483 persons). There were no significant differences in previous out-of-pocket health expenditures between joiners and nonjoiners. Their self-reported health ratings did not differ; disability over the last 2 weeks was about the same. Physician utilization rates and inpatient rates were similar, except for the spouses of subscribers to one plan. However, the joiners were younger, had lived in Rochester for a shorter period, and had made less use of physicians in private practice. The three prepayment plans appealed to different population groups. The Network joiners were young, low-income families, mostly from the city. The Group Health joiners were young families with few children who especially valued availability, accessibility, and comprehensiveness. Health Watch joiners were older couples who preferred to use the traditional avenues to health care. PMID- 813264 TI - Prediction of dental care costs by use of a probability model. PMID- 813265 TI - Synthetic estimates of work loss disability for each state and the District of Columbia. AB - A method of synthetic estimation of health characteristics for local areas, devised by the National Center of Health Statistics, was evaluated in a recent study. In the method, local data on population are combined with national data on a given health characteristic to produce an indirect estimate of that characteristic. The health characteristic selected in the study was that of complete and partial work loss disability. Therefore, synthetic estimates of complete and partial work loss disability were calculated for each State by combining the estimated rates of such disability for the United States, specific to a set of demographic domains, with the data relating to the distribution of each State into this set of demographic domains. The synthetic estimates of complete and partial work loss disability for each State were then compared with the direct estimates available from the 1970 decennial census. For partial work loss disability, agreement between the synthetic and the direct estimates, as judged by the median percentage absolute difference, was fairly good; for complete work loss disability, agreement was rather poor. On the other hand, the correlation between the synthetic and the direct estimates was higher for complete work loss disability than for partial, partly because the synthetic estimates had a greater spread for complete work disability than for partial. The skewness of the distributions of the squared differences indicates that the evaluation based on median percentage absolute differences was more descriptive than the one based on mean square errors. PMID- 813266 TI - Public response to various written appeals to participate in health screening. PMID- 813267 TI - Cost effectiveness of screening for tuberculosis in a general medical clinic. AB - Over a 3-year period, only 22 new active cases of tuberculosis were discovered as a result of taking 48,000 70-mm X-ray films of generally elderly and chronically ill patients. The cases were among the patients of the general medical outpatient clinic of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Ga. Costs for the X-ray screening program exceeded $90,000. Ten of the 22 patients with new cases were alcohol abusers. Further analysis of the program revealed a yield of 1 new active case per 240 alcoholics screened, but only 1 new active case per 3,806 nonalcoholic patients screened. It is argued that screening of alcoholics for tuberculosis should be widely practiced, but routine yearly X-rays for detection of tuberculosis--even in a chronically ill population--is unwarranted. PMID- 813268 TI - Blueprint for a health manpower consortium: Joint college/community agency efforts. San Fernando Valley's model for a health services/educational activity. PMID- 813269 TI - Implications for training curriculums from a task inventory survey of Indian community health representatives. PMID- 813270 TI - Letter: Temperature-dependence of repair of sublethal radiation damage in Drosophila. PMID- 813272 TI - [Influence of age and complexons on the absorption of curium-244 from the gastrointestinal tract of rats]. PMID- 813273 TI - [Whole-body activity counter. Part 1: physical-technological principles]. PMID- 813274 TI - [Clinical experiences with intracavitary gamma-ray therapy of cervix carcinoma with afterloading apparatus "Agat-V" (author's transl)]. PMID- 813271 TI - [Stability of the conformation of double spiral DNA to gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 813275 TI - Relationship between RBE and depth dose for 23-MeV electrons. AB - A study comparing the RBE in depth of 23-MeV electrons was performed. A mouse sarcoma (KHT) maintained by serial passage in the C3H/HeJ female mouse was irradiated. Under the 23-MeV electron beam at the 100-percent and 14-percent isodose positions and under the 60Co beam at the 100-percent isodose position. The data failed to demonstrate a difference in biological effectiveness for the 23-MeV electron beam comparing the 14-percent isodose to the 100-percent isodose position. PMID- 813276 TI - The effects of radiation therapy on bone growth. AB - Results of a study of the effects of external irradiation on growing bone conducted at Stanford University School of Medicine are presented together with a review of the literature. Standing and sitting heights of 29 children receiving more than 3,500 rads of megavoltage radiation to the spine and 15 children receiving less than 2,500 rads were compared with those of 15,000 normal children. Retardation of spinal growth was seen in children irradiated during the periods of most active bone growth, i.e., under 6 years of age and during puberty. Correlative radiographic findings similar to those seen with orthovoltage therapy were seen in the high-dose group but not in the low-dose group. PMID- 813277 TI - Flurbiprofen-sepharose chromatography of the prostaglandin synthetase from bovine seminal vesicles. AB - Flurbiprofen-Sepharose and Acetyl-Sepharose have been prepared by coupling dl-2 (2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid [Flurbiprofen] and acetic acid, respectively, to 3-(N-[3-aminopropyl)aminopropyl Sepharose 4B using a water soluble carbodiimide. The arachidonic acid oxygenase activity of solubilized bovine seminal vesicle microsomes is retarded during chromatography on Flurbiprofen-Sepharose but not Acetyl-Sepharose. Thus binding of the oxygenase to Flurbiprofen-Sepharose results from interaction with the immobilized inhibitor. However, the impure oxygenase is either not bound and/or not eluted in a biospecific manner since the abilities of flufenamic acid, R(+) and S(-)-5 cyclohexylindan-1-carboxylic acid, and R and S-Naproxen to remove the enzyme from Flurbiprofen-Sepharose do not parallel the relative efficacies of these compounds as prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Nevertheless, gradient elution of arachidonic acid oxygenase activity from Flurbiprofen-Sepharose with flufenamic acid provides a 15 fold enrichment of the enzyme from solubilized bovine seminal vesicle microsomes in 80% yield indicating that this chromatographic reagent can be a powerful tool for use in purification of the prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 813278 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in decidual tissue of the rate uterus. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) synthetase activity and tissue concentration were measured in unilateral deciduomata induced by traumatization of the pseudo-pregnant rat uterus and in the decidua of pregnancy. PG synthetase activity per unit weight of deciduoma tissue was 7-10 fold higher, throughout the life-span of the deciduoma, than that in the untraumatized control horn. The concentration of prostaglandins of the E-type in the deciduoma exceeded that found in the control uterine horn by a factor of 10-20 on days 3-4 after decidual induction, and about five-fold on days 9-10. The concentration of prostaglandins of the F-type in the deciduoma measured on days 4 and 8 did not differ significantly from that in the control horn. PMID- 813279 TI - [Alkaline protease production]. AB - The influence of culture medium composition on alkaline protease production was studies. Various carbon sources such as glycerol, glucose, lactose and starch were tested. Different concentrations of lactose and bactopeptone have been tested. The optimum medium composition was found to be: (g/l) lactose 20.0; bactopeptne Difco 10.0; NaCl 1.5;mgSO47.H20 0.15; CaCl2 0.06; K2HPO4 1.5; KH2PO4 1.5; Na2SO4 1.5; MnCL2.4H2O 0.01. A cell concentration of c.a 9.5 g/l has been obtained after 30 hours. The maximun alkaline protease production (5,000 uAPAM/ml) was attained after 60 hours. The trials were carried on rotary shaker in 1 liter erlenmeyer flasks containing 250 ml of medium. PMID- 813280 TI - [Paraosteo-articular ossification in prolonged coma]. PMID- 813281 TI - Genetic risk from chemicals: mutagenicity studies and evaluation. PMID- 813282 TI - [Renal clearance of glucuronized fractions and bilirubin in various forms of jaundice. VI. Obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 813283 TI - An enzyme mechanism in explanation of pain in angina pectoris. AB - The effect of catecholamines, represented by epinephrine and norepinephrine, on the activity of phospholipase A2 from bee venom was studied. It was shown that the hydrolysis of l-alpha-lecithin to lysolecithin and a fatty acid was considerably activated by preincubation of the lecithin with the biogenic amine. On the other hand, addition of nitroglycerin or propranolol to the enzyme solution considerably curtailed activation by the catecholamines. The pharmacological effect of the split products of l-alpha-lecithin, free fatty acids (FFA), and lysolecithin in the nascent state on the myocardial cell membrane might be more plausible than the commonly accepted theory that the FFA derive from lipolysis of remote fat deposits. Certain arrhythmias and ion imbalances might be caused by catecholamine activation of phospholipase A2. Of great pharmacological interest is the observation that this activation is inhibited by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent without the presence of cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a messenger. The reaction may serve as a model for the study of the pharmacological influence of nitroglycerin and propranolol on angina pectoris. PMID- 813284 TI - Reduction in infarct size following experimental coronary occlusion by administration of verapamil. AB - The effect of verapamil, a calcium antagonist and antiarrhythmic and anti-anginal actions, were studied on the size of infarct in open-chest anesthetized dogs with left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Hemodyamic functions were monitored by standard techniques, and infarct size was assessed by epicardial electrocardiography. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres, and regional metabolism was studied by measuring lactate concentration in the venous drainage of the ischemic myocardium. Verapamil produced a significant reduction to ST segment elevation in the epicardial electrocardiogram and prevented the hemodynamic deterioration seen in the control animals in which ST segment elevation persisted. The drug had no effect on either total collateral blood flow or on the relative distribution of flow to the inner and outer halves of the ventricular wall. No significant differences were found between the levels of coronary venous lactate in the control animals and those in the verapamil-treated group. The results raise the possibility that the apparent protective effect of verapamil in myocardial ischemia may be due to its electrophysiological action on the cardiac membrane in relation to its calcium antagonistic properites in excitable tissues. PMID- 813285 TI - Effects of DDT on reproduction in higher animals. PMID- 813286 TI - [Thyroid and gonads (author's transl)]. PMID- 813287 TI - [Role of synthetic hypothalamic prolactin releasing hormone and of some progestogens in stimulating and maintaining post-partum lactation (author's transl)]. PMID- 813288 TI - [Treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever with amoxicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 813289 TI - [Study of neurological manifestations of chronic lymphatic leukemia (lymphosis). Role of associated globulin anomalies (apropos of 8 cases)]. AB - The authors emphasize the relative frequency of neurological symptoms in lymphatic leukaemia. Clinically, these cause more or less diffuse encephalitic or multineuritic syndromes, generally a combination of the two. Their pathogenesis is usually connected with lymphoid tissue infiltration into either the meninges or the vascular sheaths of the central nervous system or the sheaths of the roots or of the peripheral nerves. The authors stress the possible function of immunoglobulin abnormalities of the C.S.F. indicative of the presence of the leukaemic process within the nervous system. This pathogenesis prompts the use of therapeutic methods directly attacking leukaemic infiltration of the nervous system (focal cobalt therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy) and the authors have found that these give favourable results. PMID- 813290 TI - [The amaurotic idiocies]. PMID- 813291 TI - [Coagglutination in continuous flow. Techniques and applications]. AB - The principle of coagglutination, the specific agglutination of uncoated red cells by antibody coated ones was applied to the two conventional continuous flow agglutination systems (bromelin-methylcellulose and polybrene-Na-citrate). The technique was used to study a large number of allo- and auto-antibodies of various specificities as well as some drug related antibodies. The sensitivity of the technique proved not to be higher than that of similar systems using free antibodies. It was however shown to be still more economical and elegantly allowed to avoid manual absorption-elution steps prior to investigation of antibody or antigen specificity. PMID- 813293 TI - Acute posttraumatic anterior ankle instability. PMID- 813292 TI - [Classification of malnutrition]. PMID- 813294 TI - [Paget's disease and vertebral blocks (apropos of 7 cases)]. AB - The authors observed 10 blocks of from 2 to 8 vertebrae in 7 patients whose spines were affected by Paget's disease. The morphological characteristics of these blockages were for the most part similar to those of acquired synostoses, the corresponding articular apophyses appearing to be fused in the majority of cases. Even without a radiograph taken before the formation of the blocks, the fact that there had been progression of the synostosis between certain vertebrae indicates the probability of an acquired origin. The prevalence of these vertebral blocks in a group of 76 patients suffering from Paget's disease of the spine (12 percent, or 9 patients with 13 blocks) was significantly higher than that found in a population of 200 persons not suffering from Paget's disease, (3 percent, or 6 patients with 6 blocks) and among the 13 blocks discovered in the patients with Paget's disease only 3 were formed of vertebrae unaffected by deforming osteitis. These facts suggest that the formation of a vertebral block may be favoured by Paget's disease localized in the vertebral column. This is a little recognized idea even though it was formulated in Schmorl's work at the beginning of this century. PMID- 813295 TI - [Acquired vertebral block with bone demineralization during Paget's disease]. AB - The authors report an observation on a man 68 years of age suffering from Paget's disease in the pelvi-rachidian region. In four years the lumbar lesions evolved to form an L2-L4 vertebral block. The intensity of the bone radiotransparency of the vertebral block indicated some similarity to the localized forms of osteolysis well known in the skull and the long bones. PMID- 813296 TI - Incidence of antibiotic resistance and transmissible R factors in the gram negative bowel flora of hospital patients on admission. AB - Stool specimens obtained on admission of 95 patients to a male urological ward were examined quantitatively for antibiotic-resistant gram-negative aerobic bacteria. All patients excreted resistant strains of some kind; 67% resistant Escherichia coli strains. Organisms resistant to sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and streptomycin occurred at a frequency of 10(-3)-10(-4). Ampicillin resistance was encountered most frequently, i.e. greater than 10(-2), whereas organisms resistant to chloramphenicol were found less often (10(-6)). Transmissible R factors were demonstrated in 53/121 (44%) resistant E. coli strains. A connection between tetracycline resistance and ability to transfer resistance was demonstrated. Resistance to chloramphenicol did not occur as a single resistance trait but was transferred from all strains resistant to this antibiotic. PMID- 813297 TI - Effect of metacycline treatment on non-acute prostatitis. AB - Sixty-nine patients with symptoms of non-acute prostatitis were treated with metacycline and placebo according to the double-blind crossover technique. The patients reported improvement significantly more often after metacycline than after placebo treatment. But no difference was found between metacycline and placebo in respect of the palpatory findings or the number, morphology and motility of spermatozoa, the number of white blood cells in expressed prostatitic fluid, the zinc, magnesium or fructose content or antibacterial activity of seminal fluid. The lysozyme level in seminal fluid was significantly more often reduced after treatment with metacycline than after placebo. "Therapeutic" concentrations of metacycline were demonstrable in expressed prostatitic fluid specimens collected three hours after intake of the dose prescribed. The majority of patients harbouring Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Mycoplasma hominis were improved after the antibiotic treatment and the organism was no longer demonstrable. No undesirable effects of the treatment with metacycline were observed. PMID- 813298 TI - Activity of nocturnal primates: influences of twilight zeitgebers and weather. AB - The time of onset of activity of bush babies (Galago senegalensis), slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang), and an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) living in outdoor enclosures usually fell in certain illuminance ranges of dusk and kept pace with seasonal progressions of sunset time. Influences of cloud cover were variable, but excessive heat and cold were inhibitory. Accurate endogenous timekeeping and reliance on the most stable zeitgeber apparently maintain activities in synchrony with the rhythmically changing environment. PMID- 813299 TI - Inhibition by anions of human red cell carbonic anhydrase B: physiological and biochemical implications. AB - The hydration rate of CO2 catalyzed by human red cell carbonic anhydrase B is 92 percent reduced by the normal concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate in red cells. This reflects a general sensitivity of this reaction to halides and other anions, up to 87 times greater than the effect on red cell carbonic anhydrase C. The catalytic hydration of CO2 is generally more (up to 24 times) sensitive to inhibition by anions and sulfonamides than the dehydration of HCO3-, probably reflecting different mechanisms. The sensitivity of enzyme B to anion inhibition also depends upon the substrate, being much greater for CO2 than for certain esters. On the basis of the very low catalytic activity of B for CO2 in the presence of physiological concentration of chloride, and the fact that carbonic anhydrase C is effective for CO2 hydration (in the presence of chloride) at a rate 340 times greater than that of CO2 output from tissues, it appears that the biological role of enzyme B is not that of a carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 813300 TI - Evaluation of sodium cromoglycate B.P. (INTAL) in the prophylaxis of bronchial asthma in Asians. PMID- 813301 TI - Hemophilia associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 813302 TI - Candida paropsilosis infection. PMID- 813303 TI - [Peroral therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 813304 TI - The medical linear accelerator. PMID- 813305 TI - Osteosarcoma a review of 72 cases treated by megavoltage radiation therapy, with or without surgery. PMID- 813306 TI - [South African Medical and Dental Council: opening address at the meeting held in Bloemfontein, Monday 17 November 1975]. PMID- 813308 TI - Modern considerations in nutritional research. PMID- 813307 TI - Alpha-chain disease in a non-Mediterranean climate. A case report. AB - The clinical, biochemical, immunological and histopathological features in a patient with alpha-chain disease are described. The patient, a 20-year-old Coloured man, presented with severe steatorrhoea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and progressive general deterioration. An heterogeneous abnormal band with IgA immunochemical specificity was detected on electrophoresis of the patient's serum and urine. This protein was identified as free alpha-chain and was present in serum, urine, saliva and jejunal juice. A jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen showed distinctive appearances associated with alpha-chain disease. Bone marrow involvement was found and abnormal lymphoid cells were seen in the circulation together with an increased B lymphocyte population derived from bone marrow. This is the third South African patient with alpha-chain disease to be diagnosed. The patient has shown a partial remission after 12 months' chemotherapy. There was rapid symptomatic response and normalisation of protein parameters which were not paralleled by an objectively discernible response as assessed by haematological examination, intestinal absorption studies and histology of the jejunal mucosa. PMID- 813309 TI - Feeding and rearing of infant baboons in captivity. AB - The feeding, housing and care of infant baboons (Papio ursinus) are discussed. At the time of capture all the baboons were aged less than 5 weeks, and problems such as soft stools, diarrhoea and a staphylococcal dermatitis that occurred during their 5 weeks adaptation to conditions in the animal house are reported. A time-saving method for force-feeding infant baboons is also described, while information is given regarding the capturing technique used. PMID- 813310 TI - Chronic typhlitis in baboons fed a semisynthetic low-fibre diet. AB - Baboons were fed a low-fibre, semisynthetic diet for 20 months. After this period, 19 of 20 animals were found to have chronic typhlitis at postmortem examination. In contrast, baboons that had been fed a similar diet for approximately 3 months, did not show this inflammatory change of the caecum. One baboon that was sacrificed after 10 months on the diet also did not have typhlitis. As no indications of an infectious or other cause could be found, it was ocncluded that the low fibre content of the diet might have been a causative factor of the typhlitis observed. PMID- 813311 TI - Metabolic considerations in reconstitution of the small intestine after jejunoileal bypass. AB - Intestinal bypass is a reversible procedure which has been used with success in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Nine patients with intestinal bypass were forced to undergo reconstitution of the gastrointestinal tract due to severe symptoms of short gut syndrome. Meticulous attention to detail must be exercised in the preoperative preparation of this type of patient. Parenteral hyperalimentation may be necessary to return the patient to adequate nutrition. No attempt at revision should be made until the patient is nutritionally and metabolically reconstituted. PMID- 813312 TI - Continual catheter administration of an elemental diet. AB - A technique for continual catheter administration of elemental diet is used as the basis for successful nutritional support. There is a rational for early postoperative use of elemental diet as an intrajejunal feeding to provide fluid, electrolytes and nutritional requirements. PMID- 813313 TI - Neurologic surgery. PMID- 813314 TI - Orthopedic surgery. PMID- 813315 TI - Shock and metabolism. PMID- 813316 TI - Urology. PMID- 813318 TI - The short bowel revisited. PMID- 813317 TI - Autotransplantation of porcine islets of Langerhans. AB - Autotransplantation of the islets of Langerhans in pancreatic tissue fragments, prepared with no attempt to separate exocrine tissue, produced viable, well vascularized implants in the peritoneal cavity of pigs. We autografted 31 pancreatectomized pigs with pancreatic preparations in which exocrine tissue either was separated completely, partially, or not at all. Nine pancreatectomixed pigs were used as control animals. On the basis of the results of the standard serum glucose and insulin level tests and the mean survival results, the various methods of tissue preparation had no discernible effect. One month after grafting, the implants from the unseparated pancreatic preparations contained significant amounts of insulin and cells identical to normal beta cells. One pig with a free-fragment autograft is alive and well, with an increase in the size of its implants, 6 months later. Separation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue is not essential for autografting the islets of Langerhans in the pig. The exocrine tissue apparently can be removed by in vivo mechanisms, and the endocrine tissue is preserved in free-fragment pancreatic grafts. PMID- 813319 TI - [Physiological data and therapeutic applications of TRH]. PMID- 813320 TI - [TRH: experimental psychopharmacological data]. PMID- 813322 TI - [Use of TRH in neuropsychiatric therapy]. PMID- 813321 TI - [Hypothalamic hormones and depressive conditions]. PMID- 813323 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of human prolactin; therapeutic applications]. PMID- 813324 TI - [Hypothalamic therapies. Conclusions]. PMID- 813325 TI - Colchicine uptake and binding by human platelets. AB - The uptake and binding of antimitotic alkaloid colchicine has been demonstrated in washed preparations of human pletelets. A silicone oil technique was adapted so that both uptake and binding of 14C-colchicine were examined in the same platelet preparations. The time dependence and amount of colchicine taken up and bound by different pletelet preparations during a 90 to 120 min incubation period were highly reproducible. Both colchicine uptake and binding by intact platelets, and colchicine binding by preparations of lysed platelets were specific and temperature dependent. Colchicine uptake was slowly reversible. Magnesium and GTP enhanced colchicine binding by lysed platelet preparations but calcium decreased binding. exposure of platelets to either cold (4 degrees C) or to thrombin, which disrupt platelet microtubules, produced significant increases in colchicine uptake and binding. The thrombin effect was maximal at 37 degrees C and resulted in a greater increase in uptake and binding than that produced by either cold treatment alone or, by cold treatment followed by incubation with thrombin at 37 degrees C. The amount of increase in uptake and binding produced by thrombin was independent of both thrombin (1--5 Units/10(9) platelets) and colchicine concentrations (1--50 X 10(-6) M). It is postulated that thrombin may initiate the formation, or make available, colchicine binding sites (microtubule subunits) within platelets. PMID- 813327 TI - Partial purification of factors XI and XIa: a comparison of their molecular size and structure. PMID- 813326 TI - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation: the role of adenine nucleotides and the release reaction. AB - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation is associated with the release of ADP and the catabolism of radioactive ATP. These studies demonstrate that the amount of human platelet ADP released and ATP catabolized increase with time of stirring of the collagen-platelet rich plasma (PRP) mixture and with increasing amounts of collagen. These changes in adenine nucleotides occurred simultaneously with the aggregation. No early changes preceding aggregation were noted. Stirring the collagen-PRP mixture maximized ADP release and ATP catabolism; some ADP release and ATP catabolism occurred with minimal agitation. Incubation of PRP with metabolid poisons (2-deoxyglucose with either KCN or oligomycin), which lowered platelet ATP content, also reduced collagen-induced release of ADP and aggregation. However, platelet adhesion to collagen was unaffected by metabolic poisons. These data suggest that collagen directly stimulates ADP release. The demonstration of release in EDTA-PRP further suggest that platelet aggregation is not required for collagen-induced ADP release. PMID- 813328 TI - Configurational changes in helical microtubule frameworks in feeding tentacles of the suctorian ciliate Tokophyra. AB - Microtubules at the tip of a resting (non-feeding) tentacle are arranged helically in two concentric tube-shaped arrays. The pitches of the helical paths followed by tubules in the two arrays differ. At the start of feeding these microtubules bend along their longitudinal axes and splay outwards and downwards away from the tentacle tip as it 'everts'. Tubules in the two arrays slide across each other as this occurs. Comparison of the fine structure of the tips of feeding and resting tentacles with a dynamic model of the microtubular framework indicates that movement of the tubules is not brought about by active sliding of the tubules against each other or by the action of contractile elements attached along the lengths of the tubules. The tips of microtubules forming the inner tube may be pulled downwards by contractile elements in the tentacular pellicle; these tubules apparently push those in the outer tube to their new position. The pattern of configurational changes in a tentacle tip at the start of feeding appears to be largely defined by the elastic resistance of the microtubules to bending, and the ways in which tubules are packed and linked together and attached to the pellicle. PMID- 813329 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the freeze-etched spore envelope of the microsporidian, Nosema apis Zander. AB - The outer limiting layer of the spore coat of Nosema apis is relatively smooth. The inner limiting layer shows two fractured faces, the concave face carrying many stud-like projections, 120 nm long and 50 nm high, while the convex face carries numerous depressions which are complementary to the projections. In addition, the convex face bears 7 nm particles. In between the outer and inner limiting layers lies the thick homogeneous portion of spore coat which is comprised of numerous microfibres, each 9 nm in diameter. These microfibres resemble those in the freeze-etched host endocuticle. Next to the inner limiting layer of the spore coat are double spore membranes. The convex faces of these spore membranes have a dense population of particles, each 7 nm in diameter. PMID- 813331 TI - Effect of racemic mephobarbital and d-mephobarbital on hepatic microsomal enzyme induction in rat and monkey. PMID- 813330 TI - Influence of chelating agents on the gastrointestinal absorption of lead. PMID- 813332 TI - Trinitroglycerol metabolism: denitration and glucuronide formation in the rat. PMID- 813333 TI - Percutaneous absorption of vinyl chloride. PMID- 813334 TI - Distribution of an 125I-labelled chloroquine analogue in a pregnant macaca monkey. AB - Whole body autoradiography of a pregnant monkey (Macaca irus) of late gestation was performed 72 h after an intravenous injection of the 125I-labelled chloroquine analogue 4-(3-dimethylaminopropylamino)-7-iodoquinoline (DAPQ). The overall distribution pattern in the monkey was similar to that which was earlier observed in rodents. A few species differences, however, were found in the monkey as compared to the rodents: a high accumulation in the inner part of the adrenal cortex, a high level in the central nervous system, and generally a higher retention in the tissues. The accumulation in the adrenal cortex may be of significance for the cortisone-like effects of the 4-aminoquinolines in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions. The fact that no accumulation was found in the adrenal cortex of mice and rats indicates that these species may not be appropriate in studies on the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory action of the 4-aminoquinolines. As was earlier observed in small rodents the melanin containing structures accumulated the drug. In both the mother and the fetus a high concentration was thus seen in the uveal tract of the eye, in the inner ear (in the stria vascularis of the cochlea and the planum semilunatum of the ampullae) and in the hair follicles. This accumulation can be related to reported disturbances--also transplacentally induced--in vision and hearing. PMID- 813335 TI - A decalification method for ultrastructure of echinoderm tissues. AB - Decalcification of echinoderm tissues for electron microscopy can be achieved after glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation by treatment with a 1:1 mixture of 2% ascorbic acid and 0.3 M NaCl for 12-24 hours. Electron photomicrographs of material decalcified by this procedure are superior to those from EDTA-treated tissue and show few of the deleteriour effects produced by EDTA. PMID- 813336 TI - [Hard odontomas of the jaw]. PMID- 813338 TI - Uterine contractility and regional blood flow responses to oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 in pregnant rhesus monkeys. PMID- 813337 TI - Maternal estrogen and progesterone levels after hypophysectomy in early pregnancy and in term fetuses or newborn monkeys. AB - Pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were hypophysectomized at 8-10 weeks gestation to determine effects on plasma levels of estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2), and progesterone (p). The first group of monkeys was subsequently fetectomized at 107-114 days. After hypophysectomy there was an initial decrease in maternal peripheral plasma E2 followed by a rise to preoperative levels within 4-5 weeks. Plasma levels of E1 and P were not markedly altered. After fetectomy, peripheral estrogen concentrations, especially E2, declined markedly. In the second experimental series, we have examined the effects of maternal hypophysectomy on levels of E1, E2 and P either (1) in both mother and newborn baby or (2) in mother, term fetus and umbilical vein. Groups of hypophysectomized and intact pregnant monkeys (3 each) were delivered by cesarean section at the expected time of parturition. Other hypophysectomized and intact monkeys (2 each) delivered normally. E2 levels were elevated significantly in plasma of hypophysectomized monkeys at the time of cesarean delivery and in newborn babies of hypophysectomized mothers shortly after parturition. Escept for these differences, the maternal hypophysis apparently is not a major factor in the control of E1, E2 and P concentrations in pregnant rhesus monkeys. PMID- 813339 TI - Isogenic, allogenic, and xenogenic transplants in an insect species. AB - Eggs of varying degrees of genetic foreigness were implanted into the hemocoel of an insect larvae (Pimpla instigator, Hymenoptera). For xenogenic implants, eggs of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) and eggs of Apechthis compuctor (Hymenoptera) were employed. Pimpla eggs of stock culture and Pimpla eggs of genetically defined pure strains were used for allogenic implants and isogenic implants, respectively. The host response that has been studied is that of encapsulation; it was possible to examine quantitatively the effect of genetic relationship on the degree of cellular reaction, i.e., thickness of capsule. Encapsulation occurred with increasing intensity as the degree of genetic difference increased, indicating that Pimpla larvae were able to discriminate not only between self and not-self, but also between different degrees of not-self. PMID- 813340 TI - Inhibition of human monocyte spreading. An in vitro test for immunosuppressive potency of antihum lymphocyte globulin. AB - Monocytes from human peripheral blood, when incubated in vitro, spread onto the surface of the glass. Horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin (ALG) added to the incubation chamber inhibits the spreading, while normal horse globulin (NHG) does not. The inhibition depends on the concentration of ALG admixed to the mononuclear blood cells. Eleven coded samples of antihuman ALG were assayed for the ability to inhibit monocyte spreading. This potential was then compared to the in vivo immunosuppressive effect of the same samples determined by the prolongation of skin allograft survival in subhuman primates. It was found that the in vitro inhibitory acttivity correlated rather well with the in vivo immunosuppression, Therefore, the inhibition of monocyte spreading is proposed as an additional test system for the in vitro evaluation of the immunosuppressive potential of antihuman ALG. PMID- 813342 TI - [Thyroid diagnosis with reduced thyroxin-binding globulin]. PMID- 813341 TI - [Study of the cytogenetic activity of radioprotectors in a human lymphocyte culture. II]. AB - Action of certain radioprotectors: 2-mercaptoethylamine HCl (MEA), cysteine HCl, 2-aminoethylsothiouronium (AET), dithiol 2,3-dimercaptopropansulphate Na (unithiol), aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric acid (gammaphos), cystaphos and 5 metoxytriptamine (mexamine) was studied as applied to human chromosome aberrations induced with thio-TEPA. It was shown that with an increase in thioTEPA and protectors concentrations their effect grows. PMID- 813343 TI - [Os subtibiale and os subfibulare. Inconstant submalleolar boney elements. Review with case report]. PMID- 813344 TI - Elderly citizens and long term care. PMID- 813345 TI - [Perineal and transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate (author's transl)]. AB - On 254 biopsies of the prostate with the tru-cut needle the approach was either rectal or perineal depending on even or uneven dates of birth. The rectal approach showed wrong negative results a little more frequent than the perineal approach. Feverish complications were 6 times more often by rectal than by perineal approach. Additionally the rectal biopsy was complicated by serious bleedings out of the hemorrhoidal vessels or periprostatic veins. Based on the investigations you should chose the perineal approach as the routine method and use the rectal biopsy only for special indication. PMID- 813346 TI - Prophylaxis of bladder tumor implantation. Intravesical and systemic chemotherapy. AB - Several antitumor agents have been evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the implantation and progressive growth of transitional cell carcinoma in an animal model. This system allows the evaluation of both the topical cytotoxic action as well as the systemic toxicity of the drugs given intravesically. Systemic cyclophosphamide and intravesical epipodophyllotoxin significantly reduced the incidence of tumor cell implantation. PMID- 813348 TI - Musculoplasty for mastoid cavity obliteration in the capucine monkey. AB - In a series of musculoplasty in 12 ears in the capucine monkey the mastoid cavity was successfully obliterated in the early follow-up months, but showed no obliteration at one year. A control using a bovine collagen preparation showed similar results. Musculoplasty appears to carry the dual risk of burying residual cholesteatomatous disease by virtue of atrophy and shrinkage of the muscle flap, and reformation of the mastoid cavity. PMID- 813347 TI - Congenital retinal disinsertion syndrome. AB - The congenital retinal disinsertion (CRD) syndrome refers to cases of retinal detachment with disinsertion and may be divided into two groups. Group 1 reported by Hovland and co-workers includes healthy children with bilateral detachments and giant tears nasally, lens coloboma, and center anterior and posterior cortical lens opacities. Group 2 includes healthy children with a unilateral detachment often associated with microphthalmos and catatract. The opposite eye may show a combination of changes including small central anterior and posterior cortical lens opacities, lens colobomas, and paving-stone degeneration. The patients may have an increased risk of developing a detachment in the second eye, and some of these eyes have been treated with cryopexy. Seven patients belonging to group 2 have been described and four of these had unilateral cataract and microphthalmos. Two other patients had some degree of unilateral microphthalmos. Small central anterior or posterior cortical lens opacities were found in five eyes, and lens colobomas were found in two eyes. Six out of seven patients had varying degrees of paving-stone degeneration temporally in the nondetached eye. The CRD syndrome was familial in two patients who were sisters. Pathologic studies were done in the eyes of three patients. PMID- 813350 TI - Retinal and optic nerve atrophy induced by intravitreous vincristine in the primate. AB - Vincristine is known to be toxic to neural tissue, where it is thought to react with microtubules and impair axonal transport. Intravitreous vincristing-induced changes of the retina have been reported to be reversible after 10 micrograms. In the present study, the effects of 0.01 to 100 micrograms of intravitreous vincristine in monkeys were studied ophthalmoscopically and by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Retinal degeneration and optic atrophy were evident ophthalmoscopically in two to three weeks. Morphological changes included swelling of retinal neurons, loss of organelles and microtubules and accumulation of fibrillar-granular material. Progression of effects, with plasma membrane rupture and cell death, was observed with all doses of 0.1 micrograms and higher. The retina and optic nerve of monkeys appear to be more sensitive to intravitreous vincristine than are the same structures in certain lower animals. PMID- 813349 TI - The anesthetic eye: an investigation of changes in the anterior ocular segment of the monkey caused by interrupting the trigeminal nerve at various levels along its course. AB - Operations were performed at four different levels on the fifth nerve of the monkey to determine which procedure offers the best chance of avoiding ocular complications after surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (Figure 18). (1) Section of the ophthalmic branch of N V results in immediate corneal anesthesia. After one week, chromatolysis of the unipolar gasserian ganglion cells subserving the first division occurs and Wallerian degeneration of the corneal nerves of the ipsilateral eye is seen. This is associated with perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea and subconjunctival area. In addition, iritis develops de novo or becomes worse if it pre-exists. Miosis occurs, but the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin indicate an intact sympathetic system. The cause for this inflammatory reaction and pupillary change is unexplained by this study. The intraocular pressure is slightly lower on the side of the section than in the normal fellow control eye after surgery, but the difference is not statistically significant. (2) Section of the posterior sensory root of N V in the middle cranial fossa at a point between the gasserian glanglion and the tentorium results in similar ocular changes as is seen after interrupting the ophthalmic division alone. Wallerian degeneration of the corneal nerves, however, is not seen after seven, twelve or twenty-one days. (3) Transtentorial section of the trigeminal posterior sensory root performed in the middle cranial fossa, results in immediate corneal anesthesia. The gasserian ganglion cells, however, remain healthy and there is no perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea or subconjunctival tissue. Miosis occurs but the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin indicate an intact sympathetic system. The intraocular pressure is only slightly lower on the side of section than in the control eye, but the difference is not statistically significant. (4) Suboccipital rhizotomy of the posterior sensory root of NV at the pons results in immediate corneal anesthesia. The gasserian ganglion cells remain healthy and there is no perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea or subconjunctival tissue. Miosis occurs in most animals (2 of 3) and is associated with an intact sympathetic system as indicated by the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin. Intraocular pressure is very slightly lower on the side of section than in the control eye, but the difference is not statistically significant. (5) Thinning of the corneal epithelium occurs in an anesthetic eye regardless of the location of the section of N V and is not adversely affected by tarsorrhaphy. The corneal stroma, however, remains unchanged. (6) The experimental data demonstrate that to decrease ocular complications, operations on the trigeminal nerve should be performed on the caudal end of the sensory root as far from the gasserian ganglion as is techanically feasible. PMID- 813351 TI - [Arthritis in burned persons, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The clinical course and morphological changes in 33 limb joints in 20 burnt patients with pyocyanic arthritis have been studied. The latter is characterized by a grave clinical course and not infrequently complicated with sepsis which becomes especially hazardous after destruction of articular cartilages. Destructive changes in the joints would develop in different terms: following 25 45 days in large joints, in smaller one 10-15 days after the appearance of the clinical picture of this complication. Surgical therapy (arthrotomy, amputation of the extremity) associated with conservative measures (antibacterial therapy, blood transfusion, etc) should be considered to be the mostly effective treatment for destructive forms of arthritis. PMID- 813352 TI - [Use of immunofluorescence technic for the routine diagnosis of group B Streptococci]. AB - The authors tested the use of the immunofluorescence technique for the routine examination of milk samples for the contamination with group B streptococci (Str. agalactiae). The conjugates were prepared from rabbit sera; the rabbits were immunized by a polyvalent vaccine containing the antigens of all six types of Str. agalactiae. The non-specific reactions of conjugates with some streptococcus strains of group C were reduced by a single-stage inhibition with a titrated solution of the serum of non-immunized healthy rabbits, used as a diluent of lyophilized conjugates. If the producer enterprise maintains the quality of conjugates, the results of the immunofluorescence examination of milk samples for Str. agalactiae contamination are comparable with the results of the cultivation procedure. The method can be recommended mainly for the final examinations of sanitated herds where it may reveal positive cows which were not detected by the cultivation method. Besides the described indications, immunofluorescence can be used as an equal-value method to replace the cultivation procedure in the cases of emergency situations. PMID- 813353 TI - [Sensitivity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics in the Slovak Socialist Republic in the year 1974]. AB - In 1974, the State veterinary institutes in the Slovak Socialist Republic studied the sensitivity of 4420 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and 1056 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to eight antibiotics. The strains were isolated from milk samples obtained from dairy cows suffering from mastitis. 100 per cent of the strains of Streptococcus agalactiae was sensitive to ampicillin, 99.23% to erythromycin, 98.70% to oxytetracycline, 93.02% to bacitracin, 90.77% to chloramphenicol, 41.97% to penicillin, 12.39% to neomycin, 9.73% to streptomycin. As to the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 98.68 were sensitive to chloramphenicol, 98.50% to ampicillin, 97.92% to erythromycin, 94.98% to oxytetracycline, 93.85% to neomycin, 92.67% to bacitracin 87.50% to streptomycin, and 46.24% to penicillin. The results are discussed in relation to the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. PMID- 813354 TI - [Influence of some factors on the electric conductivity of mixed milk]. AB - The authors evaluated the method of the determination of the electric conductivity of purchased milk for the estimation of the hygienic aspects of mlik quality and for mass diagnosis of the inflammatory diseases of dairy cow mammary glands. The variability coefficient of duplicates varied from 1.37 to 3.09%. The study of the dependence of milk conductivity measurement on milk temperature revealed a statistically highly significant positive correlation between the values of these two factors. In the temperature range from 30 degrees C to 35 degrees C the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.951 to 0.996. Furthermore, interference caused by milk acidity was examined during a five-day incubation of samples at 25 degrees C. A statistically significant difference was observed from the third hour of incubation (P less than 0.05) and a statistically highly significant difference from the fourth hour of incubation (P less than 0.01). the evaluation of the diagnostic value of the method of the measurement of electric conductivity in purchased milk revealed a positive correlation to the content of chloride ions (r = 0.69) and to the number of the cellular elements of milk (r = 0.33). PMID- 813355 TI - [Etiology of dairy cows mastitis in Slovakia in the years 1972-1974]. AB - In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows. On an annual average, the number of examined samples were higher by 61% than in 1967-1971. Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows. The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae -- 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus -- 4.19%, other streptococci -- 1.49%, E. coli -- 0.18%, Klebsiella sp. - 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes -- 0.20%, other germs -- 0.26%. The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971. The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Staphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971. The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. PMID- 813356 TI - [Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the dairy cow milk serum in relation to positive mastitis test NK]. AB - The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK. The bacteriological examination for Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for coliform germs was performed at the same time. Increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK was found to be accompanied by almost proportionate increase of the total lactate dehydrogenase activity level in milk serum. The bacteriological finding was not correlated with increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK. New aspects of various diseases of the mammary gland and the possibility to diagnose mainly the latent stages of these diseases are analysed in a discussion. milk serum, optical test; lactate dehydrogenase level; bacteriological finding. PMID- 813357 TI - [Activity of some serum enzymes in calves suffering from white muscle disease]. AB - The paper described the findings of the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanine amino transferase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and aldolase in the blood serum of calves examined for white muscle disease (WMD). Relapsing mass accurrence of the disease was reported from various agricultural enterprises where calves were fed a milk replacer without vitamin E. In comparison with clinically healthy calves fed a feed mixture with vitamin E, calves suffering from the clinical form of WMD showed an alkaline phosphatase level decrease from 32.3 +/- 7.6 u. K. A. to 15.1 +/- 8.2 u. K. A. On the other hand, the activites of ALD, GOT, GPT, and LDH showed a statistically significant increase. The acute and sub-acute course of the disease increased enzyme activities as follows: ALD from 4.2 +/- 1.1 mumol (= 70.0 +/- 17.0 i.u.) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mumol (= 163.0 +/- 33.2 i. u.), GOT from 0.9 +/-0.5 mumol (= 68.0 +/- 5.8 i.u.) to 16.7 +/- 11.7 mumol (= 567.0 +/-40.0 i. u.) GPT from 0.2 +/- 0.8 mumol (= 5.0 +/- 12.4 i. u.) to 9.8 +/- 2.8 mumol (= 330.0 +/- 40.4 i.u.), LDH from 46.1 +/- 5.4 mumol (= 765.0 +/- 40.0 i.u.) to 72.7 +/- 24.3 mumol (= 1,207.0 +/- 403.0 i.u.). In WMD-affected herds, similar enzyme activity fluctuations were observed even in calves showing no clinical signs of the disease. It follows from the study that the examination of serum enzymes provides a method to demonstrate the clinical and pre-clinical forms of white-muscle disease and that it can be included in the set of tests for the diagnosis of diseases in calves. The significant differences in all calves in the affected herds show that the disease is a danger to all animals in the herd fed a deficient mixture. PMID- 813358 TI - [Electrophoretic characteristics of arylamidases in some organs of cattle]. AB - Agar electrophoresis was employed to study the homogeneity of arylamidase enzymes in the soluble fractions of liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, pancreas, and muscle homogenates and in serum. Enzymatic activity was determined in relation to the L-leucyl- and L-lysyl-p-nitroanilide chromogenic substrates. In all cases, electrophoresis made it possible to find at least two active zones with different electrophoretic mobility and with different activity in relation to the two substrates used. PMID- 813359 TI - Measles in recently imported colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza). PMID- 813360 TI - [Bacteriocinogeny in Bac. anthracis]. PMID- 813361 TI - [Uan'e reaction in cows immunized with STI vaccine]. PMID- 813362 TI - [Virulence and immunogenic properties in strains of Theileria annulata]. PMID- 813363 TI - [Cycle of development of sarcocystis]. PMID- 813364 TI - [Immunofluorescence reaction in the study of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of Theileria annulata]. PMID- 813365 TI - [Sarcosporidia and sarcosporidiosis in agricultural animals. II. Sarcosporidiosis in cattle]. AB - A total of 458 cows, oxen, and calves (up to the second year of age) were studied over the 1971-1973 period. The animals were slaughtered at the abattoir of the town of Bourgas, originating from 59 communities on the territory of Bourgas district where the field and feeding conditions varied. Samples were taken from the gullet, tongue, pharynx, diaphragm, cervical muscles, and heart, using the compression slide method to demonstrate the presence of microcysts. Sarcosporidia were found in 398 animals as follows: cows and oxen involved--99.11 per cent; calves--75.53 per cent. The average value for the whole group was 86.89 per cent. Lowest were the cases of parasitic infection in calves that were raised indoors, with lowest parasite burden in the animals involved. On the other hand, highest microcyst burden was found in calves that had been kept in mountainous grasslands. No differences were found in the extent of parasite infection between the animals of the two sexes. More severe was the infection in animals in the individual microregions (communities) and the mountainous region as a whole, and it was lowest in animals in the plain region of the district. Both the percentage of animals involved and the parasite burden showed year-to-year variations. Microcysts were observed in all investigated organs. The heart muscle was most frequently involved in all affected animals, showing also highest parasite burden. Lowest were the values concerning the skeletal musculature (cervical muscles). The data of the investigation are given in three tables. PMID- 813366 TI - The glomerular mesangium in hypertension: a morphometrical comparison of nephrosclerosis with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis on renal biopsies. AB - Glomerular changes were morphometrically studied in renal biopsies of 27 cases of nephrosclerosis showing clinically benign or malignant hypertension and of 15 cases of mild mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with hypertension. In nephrosclerosis, there was a mild increase in mesangial matrix without cell proliferation. The degree of the mesangial changes varied little despite a large variation in blood pressure and showed no significant difference between benign and malignant hypertension. In mild mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension, mesangial matrix, as well as the number of mesangial cells, showed an increase of varying degree. A quantitative assessment of the mesangium was proved effective in differentiating the glomerular changes in nephrosclerosis from those in mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension. PMID- 813367 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and histoplasmosis: report of three cases. AB - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), in addition to acute generalized histoplasmosis, was found at autopsy of three adult males, 23, 51, and 52 years of age. All three patients became ill in the same region of Venezuela, south of Lake Maracaibo, an area considered highly endemic for histoplasmosis. The PAP may be due to an environmental factor. PMID- 813368 TI - [The histological reaction of the endometrium to gestagens applied locally]. AB - To study the histologic changes produced by a new type of progesterone-medicated intrauterine device we examined the endometria of six hysterectomy specimens and one complete curettage. After being in place for 1 month the device induced a mild perifocal "arrested secretion" of the upper layers of the endometrium; after 3 months the change was pronounced, with decidually transformed stromal cells and atrophic glands. After 12 months these changes had partially progressed to fibrous atrophy. The endometrium underlying the perifocal-arrested secretion showed either proliferative or secretory changes almost like those of the lower functionalis of a normal menstrual cycle. A generalized atrophy of glands developed only when the patient had used oral contraceptive agents before the device was inserted. The perifocal arrested secretion thus differs from the generalized arrested secretion of the endometrium that follows use of oral or injected gestagens and from the decidualization produced mechanically by the local effect of an intrauterine device. The contraceptive effectiveness of the medicated intrauterine device, as compared with that of a simple device, is increased by the glandular atrophy of the arrested secretion. It avoids the dangers of the generalized effects of progestational agents by limiting the changes to the upper layers of the endometrium which are so important for implantation. PMID- 813369 TI - [Persistence of the primitive aortic conus in normal positioning of the great vessels of the heart. A contribution to the formal independence of bulbar contraction inhibition]. AB - A hitherto undescribed cardiac malformation, characterized by persistence of the primitive aortic conus and normal positioning of the great vessels, is reported and used to discuss the theory of bulbar resorption and the hypothesis of conal growth. The persistence of the primitive aortic conus is explained by the absence of bulbar contraction. The present selective inhibition of bulbar involution in normal positioning of the great vessels shows it to be a phenomenon formally independent of the transposition. Thus, the concept explaining the formal genesis of transposition is explained by arrest of torsion of the bulbar truncus is reconfirmed. PMID- 813371 TI - Studies on intracellular transport of secretory proteins in the rat exocrine pancreas. III. Effect of cobalt, lanthanum and antimycin A. AB - The effects of cobalt and lanthanum on the secretory process of the rat exocrine pancreas was studied in vitro using isolated pancreatic lobules. Cobalt in concentrations between 10(-3) to 10(-5) M has no effect on the rate of protein synthesis, intracellular transport, or discharge of zymogen granules, if the total population of stored granules is considered. It has, however, a marked effect on the release of newly packed zymogen granules which are formed during incubation in 10(-3) M CoC1(2). Determination of specific radioactivity in amylase released under the stimulation of 5X10(-6) M carbamylcholine and of total proteins retained in the zymogen granule fraction during stimulation indicate that granules formed during incubation in CoC1(2) are excluded from discharge. Lanthanum, on the other hand, has a differential effect on protein synthesis, intracellular transport, and discharge. Incorporation of tritiated leucine into TCA-precipitable proteins is inhibited by 50% at 10(-3) M LaC1(3). Intracellular transport as studied by cell fractionation is not changed during the first 35 min post pulse but is delayed from then on. This late effect is more pronounced if pancreatic lobules are preincubated for 60 min in 10(-3) M LaC1(3). Discharge of amylase and newly synthesized proteins is inhibited dose-dependently up to 80% by 10(-3) M LaC1(3). The effects of both cobalt and lanthanum are not due to an inhibition of cellular respiration. Comparison of these results with the inhibitory action of antimycin A between 10(-4) to 10(-8) M concentrations reveals a dose-dependent diminution of the rate of protein synthesis and intracellular transport, while discharge of granules is less energy dependent. The fine structural appearance of pancreatic lobules after 3 hrs incubation in 10(-3) M CoC1(2) is not altered, while in 5X10(-3) and 10(-3) M lanthanum acinar lumina are enlarged and the apical cytoplasm contains large vacuoles. At the highest concentration of lanthanum a flocculent electron dense material is observed apposed to the external lamina of the plasma membrane. The distribution of this material on the membrane is described. Antimycin A leads to cellular changes corresponding to the irreversible inhibition of cellular respiration. It is concluded from the results that cobalt acts on the process of granule formation inside the cell, while lanthanum by its binding to the plasma membrane may alter molecules involved in secretagogue binding and transport systems into the cell. PMID- 813370 TI - Studies on intracellular transport of secretory proteins in the rat exocrine pancreas. II. Inhibition of antimicrotubular agents. AB - The possible role of microtubules and microfilaments in the secretory process of the rat exocrine pancreas was analysed in vitro using isolated pancreatic lobules. Colchicine and vinblastine as microtubule inhibitors, hexylene glycol as a microtubule stabilizer, and cytochalasin B as a disruptive agent for microfilaments were used in increasing concentrations to test their effects on protein synthesis, intracellular transport, zymogen discharge, and cellular respiration. Colchicine only at 10(-2) M concentrations inhibits protein synthesis, while vinblastine inhibits at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M by 20% and at 10(-4) M by 55%. A similar inhibition is observed with 1.5% concentrations of hexylene glycol while cytochalasine B at 1,5 and 10 mug/ml is without effect on protein synthesis. Colchicine and vinblastine have their major effects on intracellular transport both in secretion studies and cell fractionation experiments. Colchicine in concentrations between 10(-3) to 10(-5) M inhibits discharge of newly synthesized proteins by 50%, while vinblastine shows a dose-response relationship of 40% inhibition of 10(-6) M to 90% at 10(-4) M. Discharge of amylase is uniformly reduced by 30% by both colchicine and vinblastine in the whole dose range. The pronounced effect of colchicine and vinblastine is evident in cell fractionation studies: both drugs inhibit the disappearance of protein radioactivity from microsomes and its appearance in zymogen granules; similarly the peak radioactivity in smooth microsomes (Golgi) appears delayed. No differential effect on the secretory process was observed with 1.5% concentrations of hexylene glycol or cytochalasin B at 1.5 and 10 mug/ml concentrations. A fines tructural analysis of microtubules and microfilaments in the exocrine pancreatic cell reveals their distribution in all parts of the cytoplasm and in relation to all cell organelles. Both systems (microtubules, microfilaments) seem to be connected, at least in certain areas of the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane. The reduction of transport efficiency by microtubule inhibitors results in a deposition of secretory material in the cristernal space of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, which leads to the formation of paracrystals. Colchicine at 10(-3) M concentrations leads to an enlargement of condensing vacuoles in the Golgi complex. PMID- 813372 TI - [Morphology versus prognosis in renal cell carcinoma a statistical approach]. AB - In a group of 102 selected cases of renal cell carcinoma which at various periods after nephrectomy terminated fatally, age, sex, and 23 gross and/or histologic tumor characteristics were examined, subclassified, and evaluated. An attempt was made to correlate these parameters statistically to postoperative survival time. A newly developed and programmed statistical method, i.c. "dichotomic variance analysis", proved to be superior to both multiple regression and cluster analysis. Using infiltrative-destructive tumor growth, polymorphy, and chromatin density of tumor cell nuclei, extension of renal vein invasion, age and sex, as the only 6 required out of 25 distinguished tumor parameters, this statistical multivariate method comprised 7 distinctive groups of different mean geometrical postoperative survival time, obviously corresponding to 7 tumor types of increasing degree of malignancy. By step-wise dichotomic splitting of tumor groups it therefore was possible to delinate schematically some of the complex connections between the criteria or variables of prognostic significance. Conceivable sources of errors possibly influencing reproducibility and practical applicability of the presented dichotomic variance analysis in evaluating prognostic criteria in renal cell carcinoma are discussed. PMID- 813373 TI - Deveolpment of hypertension in rats maintained on a sodium deficient diet and bearing a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4). AB - Implantation of a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4), secreting growth hormone, prolactin, and corticotropin, in female rats of Fischer F344 strain causes hypertension, vasculitis, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, and extensive renal and cardiac lesions. When rats of the same strain were implanted with the MtTF4 tumor but sodium was withheld from the diet, systolic blood pressure rose more slowly but by six weeks reached the same values recorded in the animals implanted with the tumor and allowed to consume sodium ad libitum. In the rats, on sodium deficient diet, however, the vascular damage as well as the renal and cardiac lesions were minimal or absent. Implantation of the tumor caused adrenal cortical dysfunction, and elevated levels of deoxycorticosterone were seen in the peripheral plasma of the rats of all three groups. Nonetheless, plasma deoxycorticosterone was significantly lower in rats on a sodium deficient diet as compared with those having sodium added to the diet. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the adrenal glands revealed that the lack of dietary sodium largely prevented the extensive damage of the zona fasciculata cells usually seen in the tumor-bearing rats, consuming sodium ad libitum. Both hypertensive MtT tumor-bearing animals and normotensive controls on a sodium deficient diet had a conspicuous increase of renal content of renin. It is evident that hypertension may be produced in rats bearing the MtTF4 tumor even in the virtual absence of dietary sodium. It does not appear that the hypersecretion of renal renin sustains the hypertension in these rats, since high levels of this substance were seen in the kidney of normotensive controls on the same sodium deficient diet. Elevated levels of plasma DOC may possibly explain the hypertension. In addition, it is likely that the animals may also have elevated levels of glucocorticoids. PMID- 813374 TI - Toxic glomerulosclerosis-morphology and pathogenesis. Light and electron microscopic studies fo the glomerular changes in the kidney of rats poisoned by N nitrosomorpholine. AB - 75 male rats were given toxic dosage of the hepatotoxin N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) using varied concentrations over varied time intervals. During and after the toxic dosings the kidneys were examined by light and electron microscopy in order to decide, whether the kidneys are also damaged by NNM. Our studies reveal that under the influence of a low concentration of NNM a distinct thickening of the GBM and an increase of the mesangial matrix occurs (changes referred by us as glomerulosclerosis). When a high concentration of NNM was given, toxic lesions of the mesangial and epithelial cells of the glomeruli were found, but a glomerulosclerosis was not observed during the intoxication. After this toxic dose was stopped, however, a progressive glomerulosclerosis did develop, which at first was accompanied by a transient proliferation of the mesangial cells. The glomerular changes found in the course of poisoning with NNM were interpreted as a direct effect of the NNM. From studies of the formal pathogenesis of the glomerulosclerosis presented here one can conclude that the poisoning leads to a decrease in breakdown of the components of the basement membrane and the mesangial matrix, thus causing the widening of the GBM and the augmentation of the mesangial matrix. PMID- 813375 TI - [Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of ceroid pigment. I. Phagocytosis and formation of lipid-containing lysosomes in Kupffer Cells after intravenous injection of unsaturated lipids (author's transl)]. AB - Wistar rats were injected intravenously with cod liver oil emulsion. The phagocytosis of these lipids by the Kupffer cells as well as the formation of lipid-containing lysosomes were studied electron microscopically within a period of 5 min to 12 hrs. The emulsified lipids are incorporated into the cytoplasm by membrane-vesiculation. The lipid-containing phagocytic vacuoles (lipophagosomes) were transformed into secondary lysosomes (lipophagolysosomes). This change occurs in two phases. Immediately after phagocytosis the lipophagosomes are provided with lysosomal enzymes by fusion with pre-existent lysosomes (dense bodies) of the Kupffer cells. These are mainly the so-called small homogenous dense bodies which are probably primary lysosomes of the type of "storage granules". In the second phase which begins 15-30 min after the injection; the fusion of lipophagosomes with newly produced primary lysosomes within the Golgi apparatus is predominant. Therefore, the enzyme supply of the phagocytic vacuoles does not occur at once but in small amounts during a longer period. The lipids slowly change into an amorphous electron-dense mass 12 hrs after the injection. Obviously, these changes are the first step to the formation of ceroid pigment. PMID- 813376 TI - Histological and autoradiographical findings in the immunologically stimulated spleen. AB - In order to estimate the role of a possible immunological coeffect on the splenic cellular proliferation during wound healing after mechanical or thermal lesions of internal organs, light microscopical and autoradiographical investigations with tritiated thymidine were performed on spleens of non-germfree rats, immunized by a single injection of sheep erythrocytes. Two days after an initial dissociation of preexisting germinal centers in the spleen a steep rise of the percentages of labeled cells in newly formed germinal centers occurs with a maximum on the fifth day. In the marginal zone an increased cell proliferation (mostly large lymphoid blasts) starts at 12 hours. In the lymphatic mantle zone a marked increase of labeled basophilic blasts (immunoblasts) can be observed with a maximum on the second day. The values are higher in the perifollicular B cell region than in the periarteriolar T cell region. In the red pulp of the spleen the highest percentages of labeled cells occur five days after the antigen injection. These findings in the spleen after a strong antigenic stimulation are characteristic for an immunological reaction of anamnestic type. In comparison with investigations of the spleen after cryolesions in internal organs such studies may be particularly helpful in judging the proportion of an unknown immunological reaction in the spleen after such an operation, which by tissue necroses and cellular destruction may have caused denaturation of self components. PMID- 813377 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of ischemic cell injury. II. Morphological changes of the pars convoluta (P1 and P2) of the proximal tubule of the rat kidney made ischemic in vivo. AB - The pars convoluta of the proximal tubules of the rat kidney was examined by means of light and electron microscopy after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of complete ischemia produced by clamping of the aorta. The same ischemia periods were also examined after 24 hrs of blood reflow. It was found that the vast majority of the cells of pars convoluta survived 60 min of ischemia as seen after 24 hrs of reflow. The following pattern of changes were observed at time intervals up to 60 min: progressive clumping of chromatin, progressive distortion of microvilli with bleb formation, increasing dilatation and finally vesiculation of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and initially condensation and later high amplitude swelling of mitochondria. It is concluded that these subcellular changes are compatible with cell survival. Also tubule cells containing swollen mitochondria with small flocculent densities are potential candidates for survival. 120 min of ischemia was associated with marked mitochondrial swelling with large flocculent densities, severe cell damage and necrosis and was not compatible with cell survival. A working hypothesis is presented relative to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure caused by complete ischemia. PMID- 813378 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of ischemic cell injury. III. Morphological changes of the proximal pars recta tubules (P3) of the rat kidney made ischemic in vivo. AB - The pars recta of the proximal tubule of the rat kidney was examined by means of light and electron microscopy after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of ischemia produced by clamping of the aorta. Also the effects of 24 hrs of blood reflow following the same ischemia periods were determined. The maximal changes occurring after ischemic periods of up to 60 min included: marked cell swelling, swelling of the inner compartments of the mitochondria, swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and of microvilli, pronounced chromatin clumping in the nuclei and distortion of the Golgi apparatus. These cell changes were reported to be reversible in the previous paper of this series. After 24 hrs of blood reflow it was found that with increasing periods of primary ischemia, ranging from 15 to 120 min, an increasing number of pars recta tubules cells were undergoing necrosis. Theses findings indicate that some additional mechanism other than the initial ischemia per se must be responsible for the progressive cellular damage leading to the necrosis. This is in contrast to the pars convoluta of the proximal tubule, which does not undergo further degenerative changes after the primary ischemia has been ended. The "no reflow" phenomenon may satisfactorily explain the necrosis seen in the pars recta segments following various periods of ischemia after 24 hrs of arterial renal reflow. PMID- 813379 TI - Cellular and subcellular effects of ischemia on the pancreatic acinar cell: in vitro studies of rat tissue. AB - Rat pancreatic slices were incubated at 37 degrees C in vitro, in order to determine if complete ischemia would reproduce the subcellular alterations seen in human pancreatic acinar cells following shock. The ultrastructural alterations observed were similar to those seen in humans and in animal models of hypovolemic shock. These changes ranged from dilated endoplasmic reticulum and swollen mitochondria (reversible changes) to mitochondrial flocculent densities and later stages (evidence of cell death). In this in vitro study the pancreas remained in an apparently reversible stage longer than liver, heart, kidney, and brain treated similarly. However, once the pancreatic cells died, necrotic breakdown occurred very rapidly, perhaps due to intracellular release of lysosomal and zymogen granule hydrolases. PMID- 813381 TI - [The antifolic activity of several derivatives of 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and 2,6-diaminopurine in a microbiologic test system]. PMID- 813380 TI - [Humoral cytotoxins in the serum of rats during the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis]. PMID- 813382 TI - [Determination of the histostructure of cutaneous melanoblastomas by cytologic study of smears]. AB - The work was undertaken to reveal the opportunities of cytological investigations of smears for recognition of the skin melanoblastoma histostructure. Three variants of smear cytograms corresponding to histological types of melanoblastomas were differentiated: epithelioid-cellular, spindle-cell and mixed. In 167 patients press-smears from the tumor surface were studied cytologically with subsequent pathomorphological assay of radically removed neoplasms. Skin melanoblastomas were revealed in all these patients, an epithelioid-cell type - in 119, mixed - in 37, spindle-cell - in 11. PMID- 813383 TI - [Folacin determination in the blood by a fluorimetric method]. AB - To determine the blood folacin a fluorometric method is proposed. This includes the following stage-wise operations: liberation of combined forms of folacin under the effect of enzymes contained in the blood investigated; quantification of tyrosine to make a correction for changed fluorescence intensity of this amino acid during oxilation of the solution; measurement of the fluorescence of the substances present in the solution before and after their oxidation with potassium permanganate and calculation of the folacin content. The fluorometric method enables it to greatly speed up the assay by comparison with the microbiological method of determination with the Lactobac. casei as a test organism, the assay time being cut down from 4-5 days to 4-5 hours without prejudicing the accuracy of the determination. PMID- 813384 TI - [The effect of a long-term administration of fluorine with food on the carcinogenesis and biochemical changes in the liver of rats]. AB - The effect of different amounts of fluorine in the ingested food (1.5 and 5 mg per 1 kg of body weight) on the development of tumours and biochemical changes in the liver of rats with carcinogenesis caused by their feeding on DAB was studied. With a long-term administration of fluorine in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg the appearance of macroscopically visible tumours in the liver proved less notable than with a lower dose or complete absence of fluorine. With carcinogenesis the rate of glycolysis in the liver of rats increases. A relationship between the inhibiting action of sodium fluoride on the glycolysis and changed activity of phosphofructokinase has been ascertained. PMID- 813386 TI - [On the prevalence of toxigenic aspergillus flavus strains in Soviet-made food products]. AB - An analysis of 813 specimens of agricultural crops and 155 specimens of good quality products from retail trading establishments demonstrated that more than 50 per cent of them were contaminated with molds of the A. flavus species. From among 489 strains isolated the toxigenic ones comprised 5.1 per cent and according to their morphological characteristics they were referred to molds of the A. flavus and A. fumigatus and Penicillium species. Toxigenic strains were isolated only in specimens of agricultural crops, none of them having been found in the products coming from the retail trade establishments. In the grain itself and in the food products none of the fluorescent components characteristics of aflatoxins were isolated. PMID- 813385 TI - [Bound form of ascorbic acid combined with the blood serum proteins]. AB - The fractional distribution of combined forms of ascorbic acid in the blood serum of man and animals was studied by the method of gel-filtration with sephadex. The investigations revealed the presence of a free ascorbic acid and the one combined with high-molecular proteins and peptides. A difference in binding ascorbic acid with high molecular proteins and peptides was noted. Saturation of the organism with ascorbic acid leads to its increased binding within the peptides zone alone. PMID- 813387 TI - Gel precipitin tests for hepatitis-B surface antigen. False positive reactions due to the presence of staphylococcal antigen in contaminated plasma samples. AB - Plasma samples contaminated with coagulase-positive staphylococci were found to give a false positive precipitin line for hepatitis-B surface antigen in gel tests. The staphylococcal antibody was found to be present in both normal immunoglobulin and anti-hepatitis-B surface antigen immunoglobulin preparations and also in many normal plasma samples. PMID- 813388 TI - [Immunoglobulin content in the blood serum in liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 813389 TI - [Effect of the intravenous administration of a fat emulsion of intralipid on the flow of pancreatic juice from a pancreatic fistula]. PMID- 813390 TI - [Thiophosphamide in the overall treatment of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 813391 TI - [Effect of the nature of the bacillus elimination on the healing of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 813392 TI - [Certain biochemical characteristics of blood in patients with lung cancer during conservative treatment]. PMID- 813394 TI - Accountability: words and action in inservice education. PMID- 813393 TI - [Combination of the " hemagglutination inhibition reaction and the antiglobulin test for the purposes of the serological diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)]. AB - The assessment of the HI test combined with the antiglobulin test in which antisera to human IgG, IgM and IgA were used as reagents as a method increasing the rate of detection of specific seroconversions to influenza viruses in patients and vaccinees is presented. The modified HI test increased the per cent of serological confirmation of influenza in patients from 49.3% in the routine HI test to 86.3%, and in subjects immunized with live A/Hong Kong/68 vaccine local serological changes were detected in 40% against 15% by the routine HI test. In the blood sera from adult patients the enhancing effect was obtained with IgG antiserum, in children with IgM antiserum. In nasopharyngeal washings the HI test gave better results when antiserum to IgA was employed. The utilization of the hi test combined with antiglobulin test considerably increases the volume and content of information obtained in influenza serodiagnosis by the routine HI test. PMID- 813395 TI - Tackling nutrition problems in Africa. PMID- 813396 TI - Surgery of the adult oesophagus. PMID- 813397 TI - Screening and the detection of gonorrhea. AB - The purpose of a physician's screening for gonorrhea is the provision of comprehensive health care to patients who seek his care. Among sexually active young patients, gonorrhea is probably far more common than many other diseases a physician "screens" for during a routine physical examination. Since gonorrhea culture tests are too costly in time and money to be offered to every patient, guidelines can be used to select patients for screening who are most likely to have gonorrhea. The gonorrhea culture test should be carried out in the same spirit as a cervical cytology test, as a potential health benefit and without stigma.However, even more important than gonorrhea screening, from the standpoint of the patient, is (1) increased use of culture for diagnostic problem solving, particularly in women with dysuria, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal menstrual bleeding or lower abdominal pain, and (2) location and treatment of sex partners. PMID- 813398 TI - Severe disabling polyarthritis associated with bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 813399 TI - The radioimmunoassay of hormones for clinical trials of fertility regulating agents in developing countries. Report of a WHO meeting of experts. PMID- 813400 TI - Developments in malaria immunology. Report of a WHO scientific group. PMID- 813401 TI - Nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 813402 TI - Leukaemomycin, an antibiotic with antitumor activity. I. Screening, fermentation, and biological activity. AB - A Streptomyces strain belonging to S. griseus (Krainski) Waksman et Henrici 1948 sensu Hutter (1967) was found to produce an antibiotic designated as leukaemomycin. The red-pigment antibiotic, having antimicrobial and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, was isolated from C-, N-, and Fe-containing cultures of the strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5570, IMET JA 10086, and IMET JA 10431. Leukaemomycin has indicator properties and is produced by the classic procedures of submerged fermentation. The crude base of leukaemomycin consists of 4 main components, designated as leukaemomycin A, B, C, and D. The biological activity of the main components leukaemomycin B and C was compared. The biological activity and the physicochemical properties of leukaemomycin C are identical with known properties of the anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin. PMID- 813403 TI - Sensitization of algal virus to UV by the incorporation of 5-bromouracil and mutations of host alga Plectonema boryanum. AB - Ultraviolet light (UV) sensitivity and photoreactivation of algal virus (cyanophage) LPP-1 were studied after multiplication in host alga Plectonema boryanum in presence of 5-bromouracil (5-BU) alone and in conjunction with sulfanilamide. Virus particles containing 5-BU were more sensitive towards UV and also showed low photoreactivation. There was less incorporation of 5-BU in virus without pretreatment of host alga with sulfanilamide, an inhibitor of thymine synthesis. 5-BU-induced short trichome mutants of Plectonema boryanum were isolated. These mutants grew slowly in liquid medium as well as on agar plates and differed in other morphological characters. Reversion of short trichome mutants was observed with a frequency of about 10(-3), but revertants were different from parent alga. The short trichome mutants were sensitive to virus LPP-1 and resistant towards UV. PMID- 813404 TI - [Various corpophilic myxobacteria strains (Myxobacterales)]. PMID- 813405 TI - [Supplement to the 1972 recommendations for the therapy of respiratory tract tuberculosis]. PMID- 813406 TI - [Pathogenesis of certain mycobacterioses in a chemically damaged liver of the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - Cirrhosis of the liver was provoked in adult rabbits by the administration of CCl4/0,3 ml subcutaneously two times a week during a period of six weeks. It was found that the infection by M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. kansasii causes a considerably greater dissemination than in the case with the livers of rabbits unaffected by cirrhosis, and that even a non-pathogenic strain (M. intracellulare) is pathogenic, if the liver is affected. Our findings confirm the lowered resistance of a chemically damaged liver to the development of mycobacterial infection. PMID- 813407 TI - [Investigations of cellular defense mechanism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. AB - In the bronchial secretion of patients with mucoviscidosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa besides Staphylococci can be isolated very often. The part of disturbances in the cellular defense mechanisms was investigated by the stimulation of the nitroblue tetrazolium-reduction after in vitro-incubation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In mucoviscidosis no selective deficiency in the defense of phagocyting cells of the peripheral blood could be found by these examinations, representing only one step of the intracellular destroying of bacteria. PMID- 813408 TI - Possibilities and necessities of parenteral nutrition with amino acid mixtures. PMID- 813409 TI - [Immunological factors in cardiovascular diseases]. AB - The results of our preliminary investigations support the opinion that a modification of the macromolecular components of the arterial or venous tissue conditioned by a certain aggression may stimulate the formation of auto-antigens and lead to a humoral as well as cellular immune reaction. PMID- 813411 TI - [Nitroglycerin, furosemide and ethacrynic acid effect on hemodynamics in rest and during ergometric load in coronary disease patients]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of intravenous injections of furosemide and ethacrynic acid as well as those of peroral administration of nitroglycerin were studied in 32 patients (4-12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction) during rest and exercise. Cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure showed no significant changes after administration of nitroglycerin, furosemide and ethacrynic acid (fig 3). A few minutes after application of nitroglycerin or furosemide there were significant falls of pulmonary arteria diastolic pressure and right atrial pressure (fig. 1 and 2), whereas no changes were seen after injection of ehtacrynic acid. This initial effect of furosemide as well as the effect of nitroglycerin is primarily of vascular origin, causing an increased peripheral venous capacitance. Ethacrinic acid failed to exhibit any direct vascular effect. Therefore during pulmonary oedema nitroglycerin together with furosemide should be given. PMID- 813410 TI - [Pre- and postnatal treatment of severe Rh-erythroblastosis (author's transl)]. AB - 162 children with severe Rh-erythroblastosis were treated with 326 prenatal blood transfusions. 89 (55%) survived. The indication and technique for this treatment and the postnatal intensive care of the newborn are reported. Prenatal diagnosis is extended by the author's immunofluorescence technique assessing the fetal Rh factor D even as minute contamination amongst other cells, in order to privente unnecessary treatment of Rh negative children. Checking the effectiveness of prenatal blood-transfusion this technique can demonstrate differences in the counts of HbF- and D-cells. Success of treatment appears to be, in part, determined by dexamethasone just before delivery and by immediate postnatal substitution of erythrocyte concentrates and following exchange transfusion. With increasing experience the percentage of successful treatment rose. Of 40 children treated during the last 2 years with 95 prenatal transfusions, 67,5% survived. 41 fetuses had ascites already at the first prenatal transfusion. 9 of them (22%) survived. The data of the children treated, earliest in the 21st week of pregnancy, are given: Bilirubin level in amniotic fluid, number of prenatal transfusions, gestational week at delivery, hematocrit, HbF cells, number of postnatal exchange transfusions and later transfusions. Postnatal development of successfully treated children corresponds to that of other premature children without erythroblastosis. PMID- 813412 TI - [Review of various types of scoliosis based on etiological veiwpoints with prognostic references]. PMID- 813413 TI - [The role of the mammillary complex in consolidating memory traces]. AB - The influence of the mammillary complex and of some other hypothalamus areas on the formation of a trace conditioned defensive reflex and EEG-reflex to time was studied in 19 rabbits with electrodes implanted in the brain. A transient functional switching off of the mammillary complex immediately after each learning session prevented formation of both reflexes. Simular procedures 2.5 to 3 hours after learning session did not affect the rate of reflex formation as compared with the control group of animals. Participation of the mammillary complex in the consolidation of memory traces has been suggested. PMID- 813414 TI - [Constancy of color perception in the gray toad (Bufo bufo L.)]. AB - Colour vision and constancy of colour perception in Bufo bufo L, were examined by means of unconditioned reaction of choosing moving and stationary models of females by males during breeding season. The males chose blue and dark blue models. Control of the choice of blue models presented in pairs with models of different shades of grey proves the existence of colour vision in Bufo bufo L. The choice of blue models has been observed under significantly varying conditions: both with artificial illumination and in sunlight. This attests the capacity of toads for constant colour perception. When a model was presented against a saturated red background, colour contrast was observed: under such conditions the toads chose the grey models which evoked no reactions when presented against white background. PMID- 813415 TI - [Research concerning the physiology of higher nervous activity at the I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences]. PMID- 813417 TI - [About the formation of volatile products during lipoxigenase-linoleic-acid reaction (author's transl)]. AB - Soya-lipoxigenase (E.C. 1.13.1.13) is incubated by linoleic acid at room temperature; the arising volatile products are isolated by different methods, concentrated, and investigated by means of gas chromatography. If the non volatile hydroperoxides, formed during the incubation are also injected, 15-20% are decomposed to volatile products superposing the primarily enzymatically formed volatile components as artefacts and consequently falsifying the result. Without separating the linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LHPO) the quantitative proportion Hexanal/Decadienal is approximately in accordance with the proportion 13-linoleic acid hydroperoxide/9-linoleic acid hydroperoxide (this means for soya lipoxigenase and pH 7 about 1:1). After separating the linoleic acid hydroperoxides only these volatile products are found which are arising during the lipoxigenase reaction. These are 1-2% in relation to the LHPO. In this case, the quantitative ratio Hexanal/Decadienal is not corresponding to the 13-/9 linoleic acid hydroperoxide proportion. Nearly the only product formed by this process is Hexanal. PMID- 813416 TI - [A change in the spontaneous and evoked activity of rabbit visual cortex neurons upon stimulation of different regions of the hypothalamus]. AB - The influence of stimulation of different hypothalamic areas on spontaneous and flash evoked electrical activity of visual cortex neurones was studied in acute experiments on rabbits by means of extracellular records. Stimulation of most parts of the hypothalamus depressed both kinds of neural activity. Stimulation of the ventro-caudal part of the lateral hypothalamic area and the supramammillar area alone resulted in a pronounced facilitation of the cortical unit activity. Localization of the facilitating areas coincides with the zones of maximum positive reinforcement in selfstimulation. The data are discussed in relation to the mechanisms of motivational behaviour. PMID- 813418 TI - The effect of methionine hydroxyanalog supplementation of the diet on the concentration of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of sheep. PMID- 813419 TI - Quantitative analysis of the vocal repertoire of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - During experiments concerning the communication of squirrel monkeys, it proved to be necessary to construct an automatic apparatus for the identification of individual calls (MAURUS et al. 1970). The aim of this paper was to furnish the necessary data to achieve this (frequency, duration and the relationship of the intensity between the fundamental frequency and the overtones). 6120 calls from 19 animals were analysed and were subdivided into 52 call types. It was thereby shown: 1. That the vocal repertoire consists not of the discrete call types assumed up to now, but of graded ones; 2. that the animals could not be differentiated as individuals on the basis of the particular parameter of their calls. The distribution into 52 call types is not necessarily biologically significant. A final statement about the distribution of call types can be made only after the signal value of each call type has been determined. PMID- 813420 TI - Dialects in Japanese monkeys: vocal learning and cultural transmission of locale specific vocal behavior? AB - Differences were detected by ear in vocalizations made during artificial feeding of Japanese monkey troops at three locations. Tape recording and sound spectrographic analysis confirmed a distinctive vocal pattern specific to each site and used only in the provisioning situation. The 3 different acoustic morphologies are variations on a shared tonal theme. Vocal learning by Macaca fuscata may have occurred separately at each site regulated by species-wide constraints on vocal production. PMID- 813421 TI - [Certain aspects of the state of medical service in the United States (literature survey)]. PMID- 813423 TI - Circulatory effects of splenectomy in the horse. IV. Effect on blood flow and blood lactate at rest and during exercise. PMID- 813422 TI - [Therapy of severe tetanus]. PMID- 813424 TI - [Behavior of some clinical, blood and serum parameters in swine with acute heart and circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 813425 TI - [Statistics, heredity and correlations between some features of the circulatory system in female German Landrace swine. III. Correlations and regressions]. PMID- 813426 TI - [Studies on erythrocyte size in dogs]. PMID- 813427 TI - [The influence of vitamin E and selenium supplements on the leg weakness syndrome in swine]. PMID- 813429 TI - [Experimental subclinical lead poisoning in sheep. Enzymatic, chemical and morphologic studies]. PMID- 813428 TI - [Studies on the storage and mobilization of magnesium in the organism]. PMID- 813430 TI - [Free amino acids in the amniotic fluid of different placental types]. PMID- 813431 TI - Toxic effects of diazinon on the gonads of fowls. PMID- 813433 TI - [Relations between clinical symptoms of zinc deficiency and zinc status of lactating cows]. PMID- 813432 TI - Trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in swine. Half-lives, volume of distribution and tissue concentrations. PMID- 813435 TI - [The eructation mechanism in the sheep. III. The composition of the eructated rumen gases with various ration forming]. PMID- 813434 TI - [The sensitivity of the red pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) to cobalt chloride]. PMID- 813436 TI - Bromosulphthalein clearance and total bilirubin level in cows deprived of food and water. PMID- 813437 TI - [The quantitative inheritance of human serum proteins. Radial immunodiffusion studies on family material]. PMID- 813438 TI - The behaviour of deoxyribonucleases of rat liver in the course of diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. PMID- 813439 TI - Serum calcium and magnesium levels during pregnancy and at calving in heifers and young cows, and the relationship between these components and the incidence of puerperal paresis in older half-sisters. PMID- 813440 TI - The hydraulic function of intramyocardial fluids subject to the erectile properties of the ventricular wall of mammalian hearts. PMID- 813441 TI - [Statistics, heredity and correlations between some features of the circulatory system in female German Landrace Swine. I. Mean values and environmental effects]. PMID- 813442 TI - Effect of month, season and sequence of calving on milk yield in Italian buffaloes. PMID- 813443 TI - [The influence of prostaglandins on the in vitro motility of the oviduct of the laying hen]. PMID- 813444 TI - Livability of albino and normal bull spermatozoa at 5 degrees C in citrate, milk and tris yolk extenders. PMID- 813445 TI - [Deficiency periodontopathy in dogs]. PMID- 813446 TI - Chloramphenicol plasma levels in horses, cattle and sheep after oral and intramuscular administration. PMID- 813447 TI - [A contribution to veterinary electromyography]. PMID- 813448 TI - [Statistics, heredity and correlations between some features of the circulatory system in female German Landrace swine. II. Heritabilities and gene frequencies]. PMID- 813449 TI - Myofibre number and myofibrillar development in neonatal pigs. PMID- 813451 TI - The effect of vitamin C supplement on the thyroid activity of chickens using 125I. PMID- 813450 TI - Eye lesions in ducklings fed Ammi majus seeds. PMID- 813452 TI - [Influences of intravenous magnesium on the magnesium level in the cerebrospinal fluid in sheep]. PMID- 813453 TI - [Enzyme activity patterns in the corpus luteum of gravid and non-gravid swine]. PMID- 813454 TI - A bovine ameloblastic tumour with peculiar stromal pattern suggesting a predentinic ameloblastoma. PMID- 813455 TI - [Large resorbing hemorrhage in the right ovary with disturbances of hormonal balance in a mouse]. PMID- 813456 TI - [Study of the pathogenic properties of the causative agent of tsutsugamushi fever in the process of prolonged cultivation in an experimental animal]. PMID- 813457 TI - [Effect of thermal treatment on the properties of staphylococcal enterotoxin type A]. AB - Thermal treatment of staphylococcus enterotoxin of type A at the stage of the cultural fluid failed to influence the character of the enterotoxin purification under the given conditions. In both cases the amount of the removed nitrogen components constituted about 97%. The purified preparations of the staphylococcus enterotoxin of type A differed from one another by the data of electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and also by the antigenic composition. Under the action of thermal treatment staphylococcus enterotoxin of type A changed its antigenic properties and lost some of its biological activity. PMID- 813458 TI - [Effect of furagin, furazoline and furazolidone on phagocytosis in in vitro experiments]. PMID- 813459 TI - [Interrelationship between phage types and biochemical types in Bac. cereus cultures isolated from different natural sources]. PMID- 813460 TI - [An current question in the molecular genetics of bacteria]. AB - The author considers the possibilities and limits of extrapolation of the data by the genetics of one species of bacteria to the other. It is emphasized that even in the related bacterial species a similar localization on chromosomes was inherent only to some of the unitypical genes, by in this case as well not all the genes were grouped in the same way, and differed by their delicate structure. An idea on the significant role of genetic metabolism in the microbial evolution is being developed; particular significance is attributed to plasmides. It is supposed that foreign plasmides, particularly transmissive factors of multiple drug resistance could aid in charting the chromosomes of bacteria in which the routes of transmission of genetic information are still unknown. A conclusion was drawn on the necessity of intensification and widening the investigations on the molecular genetics of bacteria of significance for public health and public economy. PMID- 813462 TI - [Molecular weight heterogeneity of isolated antigenic complexes and their immunochemical activity]. AB - Antigenic complexes extracted from S. typhi Ty24446 in tryptic proteolysis displayed heterogeneity by molecular weight. The O-antigenic activity of the preparation was associated with the components with a mol. weight of 6.7-10(4)--2 10(6), Vi-antigenic activity--with the components with a mol. weight of 6.7-10(4) -2-10(6) and the components with a mol. weight of 1.75-10(4)--6.7-10(6). Components with a mol. weight below 1.75-10(4) possessed no Vi-antigenic activity. Correlations between the high- and low-molecular components in the "tryptic" antigen depended on the regimen of proteolysis. PMID- 813461 TI - [Citrobacter persistence in the intestinal tract of guinea pigs depending on the microecological status]. AB - Gnotobiological studies were conducted on germ-free guinea pigs. Association of the animals with the citrobacteria 5396/38 strain led to the reproduction of these bacteria in numbers exceeding the sum total number of all the representatives of the normal microbial flora in the conventional animals. Association lasting for a period of 46 days caused no antibody formation in the blood serum of these animals in difference to conventional guinea pigs immunized parenterally. Conventionalization of the monoflora guinea pigs served as the beginning of population of the intestinal tract by other microbial representatives which replaced the first culture. Biochemical properties of the citrobacteria strains isolated from the monoflora strains were identical to the properties of the initial culture. After the monoflora animals were let out of the isolation cage the citrobacteria strains displayed changes of some differential-diagnostic signs. Passage through the macroorganism of the citrobacteria stain proved to lead to the changes in the antigenic structure. PMID- 813463 TI - [Mental disorders in children and adolescents with petit mal]. PMID- 813464 TI - [Screening for hereditary metabolic diseases in a group of children with a severe degree of intellectual defect]. PMID- 813465 TI - [Morphologic changes in the central nervous system of monkeys with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. AB - The authors attained a chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in monkeys (macacca rhesus) by immunizing them with small doses of encephalitogenic mixtures. A histological study displayed large foci of demyelinization which had the appearance of plaques with gliosis and a developing gliofibrosis which is similar to those seen in disseminated sclerosis. The paper shows the existence of transitional forms between plaques and perivascular foci of demyelinization. The suggestion is made concerning the mechanism of the formation of plaques by a confluence of perivascular foci. There is also a constant lesion of visual nerves -inflammation and a massive demyelinization. The achieved data are considered as a model of disseminated sclerosis. PMID- 813466 TI - [Morphologic features of the alcoholic encephalopathy of Gaillet-Wernicke and problems concerning its diagnosis at autopsy]. AB - The paper is concerned with a study of 4 cases of Gaillet-Wernicke alcoholic encephalopathy. In all cases there was a profound liver pathology. The changes found in the brain were quite typical for this disease, although they differed in the degree and severity of the vessel damage, glial elements and neurons. In one case there was a "hepatic" glia and in one (developing with hemochromatosis) - a deposition of iron salts, especially in the area of posterior hypothalamus and in the crus cerebri tentorium. PMID- 813467 TI - Putrescine-insensitive S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis contain a soluble S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase which, in contrast to the enzyme from most eukaryotic organisms, is not stimulated by putrescine or spermidine. The protozoan adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, unlike the putrescine-insensitive enzyme form Escherichia coli, did not require any metal ions for catalytic activity either. Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from Tetrahymena resembled the prokaryotic enzyme as far the inhibition by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was concerned, but behaved more like putrescine-activated enzyme in regard to the inhibition by 4-bromo-3-hydroxy benzyl-oxyamine. Adesylmethionine decarboxylase from rat liver, baker's yeast, E. coli and Tetrahymena were strongly inhibited by S-methyladenosylhomocysteamine (decarboxylated adenosylmethionine), the product of the reaction. The function of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from Tetrahymena like that of the enzymes from other organisms appears to be closely connected to the synthesis of spermidine. PMID- 813469 TI - Protected environment and intestinal decontamination in acute leukemia. PMID- 813468 TI - [Surgical pathology of the peripheral nerve. Introduction]. PMID- 813470 TI - Growth hormone release following thyrotrophin-releasing hormone injection into patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) on plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotrophin (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LHY, were studied in patients with anorexia nervosa. The basal plasma GH levels were elevated in 6 of 11 patients studied. Intravenous injection of synthetic TRH T500 mug) significantly raised the plasma GH levels in 9 of 11 patients. The peak values of plasma GH after TRH ranged from 6.0 to 31.5 ng/ml. Plasma GH concentrations also increased following the administration of synthetic LH-RH (100 mug) 1 of 7 patients. The intravenous injection of saline solution caused no significant change in plasma GH in these patients. The plasma LH responses to LH-RH were significantly blunted in all patients, whereas the plasma PRL and TSH responses to TRH were almost normal in the patients examined. These results suggest that the hypothalamo pituitary function regulating GH and LH secretion is altered in patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 813471 TI - Binding of L-triiodothyronine to isolated rat liver and kidney nuclei under various circumstances. AB - Triiodothyronine (T3) is specifically bound by nuclei from rat liver and kidney. Binding of T3 at 37 degrees C reaches its maximum at 30 min. In the presence of EDTA (to remove Mg2+) T3 binds to a class of binding sites with an estimated equilibrium association constant (Ka) of 3.3 x 10(10) M(-1) and a maximal binding capacity (MBC) of 3.8 fmol T3/100 mug DNA. In the presence of MgCl2 T3 binds to a second class of binding sites with an estimated Ka of 4.8 x 10(8) M(-1) and a MBC of 123 fmol/100 mug DNA. Among the analogues tested, binding - relative to T3 - of D-T3, triiodothyoacetic acid and desamino-T3 is the same for both classes of binding sites, but relative affinity of thyroxine, D-T4, tetraiodothyroacetic acid and desamino-T4 is 2.5 to 6 times higher for the second class of binding sites than for the first class. The presence of a cytosol binding protein is not a prerequisite for binding of T3 to the nucleus. PMID- 813473 TI - A comparative study of preparations of ovine lutenizing hormone by bioassay, immunodoublediffusion, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Three preparations of ovine LH were compared for biological potency and by several in vitro parameters. All were found to be heterogenous by immunodoublediffusion and by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. They all also showed similarities and/or differences with respect to their characteristics in immunodoublediffusion, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, gel electrophoresis and in dye-binding capacity, but in ways that preclude establishing a meaningful correlation between biopotency and the in vitro parameters or even among the in vitro parameters themselves. The implications of these findings for the use of these in vitro parameters for screening and assessing biological potencies of LH preparations and for inferring chemical and/or structural similarities between LH preparations are discussed. Aspects of polymorphism of LH, observed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, are also discussed. PMID- 813472 TI - Some aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - The secretion of lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL, was studied in 17 women suffering from anorexia nervosa. The mean basal serum LH was reduced (8.4 +/- 0.8 SE mIU/ml; P less than 0.001 vs normal controls), while LH increase after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LH-RH) appeared to be normal in 9 cases and impaired in 6 cases. The mean basal FSH did not significantly differ from normal subjects (3.9 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml), while LH-RH administration elicited an exaggerated increase in 7 cases and a normal increase in 8 cases: the mean FSH response was significantly higher than in controls (P less than 0.02). Plasma oestradiol-17beta was reduced (20.4 +/- 0.4 pg/ml; P less than 0.001) while the serum testosterone levels were normal (0.73 +/- 0.09 ng/ml). Clomiphene administration induced an increase in gonadotrophins in only 1 out of 7 patients. The mean serum TSH concentration was normal (2.3 +/- 0.4 muU/ml), while serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine and free thyroxine index, thought generally in the normal range, were significantly lower than values obtained in a control group (6.1 +/- 0.4 mug/100 ml, P less than 0.005; 102.3 +/- 7.7 ng/100 ml, P less than 0.005; 3.8 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.05). Though the mean serum TSH increase after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was normal (12.0 +/- 2.3 muU/ml), there were 4 impaired and 1 exaggerated increases, and 8 patients showed a delayed and frequently prolonged response. The increase in serum T3 after TRH appeared lower than in normal subjects (36.3 +/- 1.8 ng/100 ml, P less than 0.001). Serum PRL levels in basal conditions were higher than in the controls (19.4 +/- 4.1 ng/ml, P less than 0.001) while the increase in PRL after TRH was exaggerated in only 2 patients. The present data suggest that the primary failure in gonadotrophin secretion in anorexia nervosa occurs at hypothalamic level; moreover the data on TSH and PRL secretion also point to the existence of a hypothalamic disorder in this disease. PMID- 813474 TI - T3 resin uptake in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - RT3U3) is significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in the acute stage of kwashiorkor and returns to normal after 2 weeks of appropriate refeeding. RT3U is characterized by a high negative correlation with TBGcap. This negative correlation is maximal on admission (r equals -0.88) and gradually declines to normal value (r equals -0.63) with clinical recovery. This finding is consistent with the main role attributed to TBG in determining RT3U level. The collected data emphize the importance of the protein plasma levels in the evaluation of the thyroid function with RT3U in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 813476 TI - IgA (kappa)-IgG cryoglobulinemia and hyperviscosity syndrome in a patient with necrotizing tissues. PMID- 813475 TI - The melanogenic response to testosterone in scrotal epidermis: effects on tyrosinase activity and protein synthesis. AB - Pigmentation of the scrotum of the black-pelted rat, as expressed through melanocyte melanogenic activity, is controlled by androgens. Castration decreased in vitro incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into melanin. Testosterone pre-treatment for 4 days increased malanin radioactivity over castrate cont rols; the increment in vitro was prevented by an inhibitor of protein systhesis (cycloheximide) added to the incubation. However, cycloheximide only partially blocked melanin synthesis when added to tissue from animals hromone treated for 6 days in vivo, and was ineffective in tissue from intacts. Bulk protein snthesis in vitro (incorporation of [14C]tyrosine or -leucine) was not affected by castration or testosterone treatment but was uniformly inhibited by cycloheximide. The data suggest that new synthesis of specific protein in vitro was necessary for initial hormone-stimulation of melanogenesis, but with longer exposure to hormone sufficient protein was pre-synthetized in vivo to permit melanogenesis during incubation with the inhibitor. PMID- 813478 TI - Histochemical study of the activity of lipase in the digestive system of some teleost fishes. AB - The distribution of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in the different parts of the digestive system of Bagarius bagarius, Mastacembelus armatus, Glossogobius giuris and Rohtee cotio has been studied. In the stomach of Mastacembelus, Bagarius and Glossogobius the lipase activity has been found in the mucosa and gastric glands. The intestinal pulb and the intestine of herbivorous Rohtee and in the intestine of the rest of the three fishes show the enzymatic activity in the mucosal epithelium. However, in Mastacembelus and Glossogobius the lipase activity is more pronounced in the intestinal mucosa than that in Bagarius and Rohtee. In the liver, the enzyme is distributed in polyhedral hepatic cells in all the fishes studied specially around the nuclei of the hepatic cells. In the pancreas of Rohtee, the enzyme is distributed in the acinar cells and the cells of islets of Langerhans. The serosa and muscularis of the different portions of digestive system of the four fishes studied are devoid of any lipolytic activity. PMID- 813477 TI - Concentration of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin in serum in response to stress: A contribution to the prevention of stress ulcers by means of vitamin A. AB - Starting from clinical observations indicating a reduction in the stress ulcer rate by parenteral administration of high doses of vitamin A after burns, traumatic damage and surgical operations, the pattern of vitamin A, retinol binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations in serum was studied in a number of patients with multiple traumas (group 1; n equals 32), cranial cerebral lesions and postoperative conditions (group 2; n equals 27) and patients having undergone gynecologic operation (group 3; n equals 15); the results obtained were compared with the concentrations determined preoperatively and the normal values as reported in the literature. It was seen that the concentrations in the 3 groups were significantly reduced for all 3 parameters. This fall in concentration was observed not only when food was withheld but also with optimal supplies of essential nutrients. Intestinal hemmorrhages occurred in altogether 6 patients of groups 1 and 2 who exhibited serum vitamin A concentrations in the extremely low range and in the lower normal range. PMID- 813479 TI - [Microphotometric pattern of the acetylcholinesterase and monaminoxidase distribution in the cat motoric cortex (author's transl)]. AB - A scanning recording method for the investigation of the distribution of the histochemical AChE and MAO reaction is described. The spread of enzyme products is characteristic, but is not uniform in strata of motoric cortex of the cat. The distribution of reaction products does not coincide with the distribution of nerve cell layers. PMID- 813480 TI - [The evidence of biogenic amines with Reinecke-salt as a new principle of evidence of substances in the ultrahistochemistry (author's transl)]. AB - Reinecke-salt (ammonium tetracyanato diamine chromate) is known as amine precipitating reagens in applied chemistry. Its amine precipitates can be demonstrated in electron micrographes. The amine reineckates are unable to diffuse and difficult to dissolve. Depending from that they are localized in the cells. From our findings received in the boundary layer between adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, we conclude that there are no non-specific precipitations with other cell components caused by Reinecke-salt. It could be determined that the catecholamines are accumulated in the cells of the adrenal medulla in granular shape in a typical manner. In the adrenal medulla cells of Acomys cahirinus first investigated by us we found amine containing vesicles with a diameter of 200 to 250 nm. In the neighbouring cells of the adrenal cortex no precipitates were visable. In the adrenal cortex we noticed the mitochondria from the tubulus typ specific for this region. The assumption that Reinecke-salt is a specific amine precipitating substance able of forming localized amin precipitates was confirmed by these investigations. So the Reineck-salt precipitation of biogenic amines is a new method beside the known ones for the ultrahistochemical amine demonstration. In our method the precipitation of amines by Reinecke-salt is the first step followed later by the tissue fixation with glutaraldehyde. PMID- 813481 TI - Folate metabolism in normal peripheral leukocytes in children. AB - The activity of dihydrofolate dehydrogenase by histochemical method in children leukocytes was investigated. Blood leukocytes have a positive enzymic activity. Except monocytes a large enzymic variability was observed in neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in puberty and at the onset of the adolescence. Enzymic activity varies with blood cellular type, the age, in males and females and from one child to another. PMID- 813483 TI - Histochemical study of the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and lipase in the gastro-intestinal tract of Cirrhinus mrigala. AB - The sites of the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and lipase have been localized in the gastro-intestinal tract of the fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. All the three enzymes experimented have been recorded to be active in the mucosal epithelium of all the portions of the alimentary canal. Muscularis and serosa of all the parts of alimentary canal show negative sign for the presence of these enzymes. In the pancreas, both intra-hepatic and extrahepatic, strong activity of these enzymes is dicernible in the acinar cells. Hepatic cells also show intense reaction for these enzymes. In comparison to acid phosphatase, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is more pronounced in all the portions of the alimentary tract. The positive reaction for lipase in the blood and lymph vessels present in the tissues of the alimentary canal signifies the hydrolysis of fats during their transportation. PMID- 813482 TI - Histoenzymological mapping of acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase in the diencephalic and mesencephalic centers of Uromastix hardwickii. AB - The study deals with the histoenzymological mapping of acid phosphatase and 5 nucleotidase in the various nuclei of diencephalon and mesencephalon of Uromastix hardwickii. Almost all the nuclei and the fiber tracts reveal positive activity, both for acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase, althouh the intensity of the enzymatic activity presents great variations. Acid phosphatase preparations have generally revealed moderate or mild activity. On the contrary, the 5-nucleotidase preparations demonstrate the activity of a higher order. For this enzyme beside the nuclei, the commissures and fore-brain bundles are seen equipped with very intense activity. On the other hand, the commissures and fore-brain pundles present moderate activity for acid phosphatase. An attempt has been made to discuss the significance of the distribution of the enzymes at various locales. PMID- 813484 TI - A comparative histochemical study of the distribution of esterase in the gastro intestinal tract of some Indian teleosts. AB - The investigations on the distribution of esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) activity in the gastro-intestinal tract of four Indian fresh water teleost fishes, namely Mastacembelus, Bagarius, Glossogobius and Rohtee showed that the highest esterase activity occurred in the case of Mastacembelus. No notable esterase activity was recorded in the stomach of Bagarius and Glossogobius and in the intestinal bulb of Rohtee. The distribution of the esterase activity in the tissues of the intestine of all the fishes studied suggests the clue for the production of the enzyme in the intestine of the fishes as well. The sites of the distribution of the enzyme through the gastro-intestinal tract of the four fishes have been discussed. PMID- 813485 TI - [Effect of organophosphorus compounds on esterases in rat intestine- a comparing histochemical and biochemical investigation (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of 5 organophosphorus pesticids on the rat intestine and serum was investigated with histochemical and biochemical methods. The results of both methods were corresponding in nonspecific esterases of rat intestine. They differ in cholinesterases. Furthermore the effect on serum esterases of rat and man was investigated. With few exceptions the results corresponded too. We concluded, that the intestine is a suitable object for testing antiesterase action histochemically. General statements about total toxicity of a pesticid, however, are not possible. PMID- 813486 TI - Laser microprobe of cryostate sections of pancreas. AB - Laser microprobe was utilized in order to differentiate chemically the elementary composition of the A and B cells of Langerhans' islets and the exocrine parenchyma of the pancreas. An additional magnetic field was applyed to increase the sensitivity of the method. PMID- 813487 TI - [Experimental ovarian neoplasms. (3). Studies of neoplastic development induced by chemical carcinogen, DMBA]. PMID- 813488 TI - ICI 74,917: a new anti-allergic drug administered by pressurised aerosol. AB - Ten patients with allergic rhinitis were challenged intranasally with allergen before, and half an hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after intranasal administration of placebo, disodium cromoglycate powder and an aerosol containing ICI 74,917, a new compound with anti-allergic action. ICI 74,917 had a maximum protective effect after half an hour, but was significantly better than placebo 2 hours after nasal use. The effect was significantly better than that of disodium cromoglycate powder. The results will encourage studies of ICI 74,917 in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. PMID- 813489 TI - Dentate nucleus of Ateles ater. Cytomorphometric analysis. AB - A morphometric analysis of the dentate nucleus of A. ater was performed. Numerical cell densities, cell size, and gray cell coefficients were determined. The selection of this primate was predicated upon phylogenetic and cytoarchitectural criteria. This griseum is cytomorphologically identical to the human dentatum. Quantification was made with both phase contrast and bright-field optics. The gray cell coefficients were determined by Haug's point-counting method. The dentate nucleus is characterized by the presence of large and small neurons and the typical three glial elements. The ratio between the numerical cell densities of the large and small cells was 1:1. The oligodendrocytes had the highest numerical cell density, followed by the astrocytes, and the Hortega cells. The total glia index was computed to be 13.14. In the corpus medullare, the oligodendrocytes presented the highest numerical cell density; the numerical cell densities of the Hortega cells and the astrocytes were not significantly different from each other. Linear measurements of the glial nuclei revealed that the astrocytes were the largest of the glial elements, showing no difference in size between gray and white matter. The size of the oligodendrocytes in the dentate nucleus corresponded to their size in the white matter. In the corpus medullare, the Hortega cell nuclei are shorter in length than those found in the gray substance. The gray cell coefficients were transformed into volume percentages. Only 9% of the dentate nucleus is composed of nerve cell perikarya and glial cell nuclei; the glial cell nuclei represent only 2% of the total white matter. The morphometric differences existing between the cellular elements in both gray and white substance is correlated with the functional roles ascribed to the neuroglia in relation to capillary and neuronal density. The glial 'satellites' are predominately oligodendrocytes. PMID- 813490 TI - [5-fluorouracil and cobalt therapy in bladder cancer as a preoperative study of immediate toxicity]. PMID- 813491 TI - Effects of artificial intraocular pressure elevation on the corneal endothelium in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus ethiops). AB - Both eyes of anesthetized vervet monkeys were perfused with mock aqueous humor for 3-7 hours. By adjusting the height of a reservoir connected to the anterior chamber of each eye the intraocular pressure in one eye was maintained at 33-44 mmHg and in the other eye it was a few mmHg above the spontaneous level (12-15 mmHg). Morphologically the control eyes appeared normal, whereas pronounced changes were observed in the high pressure eyes. Thus the corneal endothelium showed an uneven surface towards the anterior chamber with vacuolization, bledding and disruption of the cytoplasm. Pycnosis, excaryocytosis and even loss of whole endothelial cells were observed as well. The morphological changes were most pronounced in the peripheral part of the cornea and furthermore differed among neighbouring cells. During the healing process one could observe mitosis, amitosis and cell surface increase. PMID- 813492 TI - Infection following total hip replacement in a general hospital without special orthopaedic facilities. AB - Infection following total hip replacement is a serious complication for it is frequently impossible to resolve without removal of the prosthesis. We have reviewed 321 total hip replacements undertaken in a general hospital without special orthopaedic theatres. There were 17 deep infections, nine early and eight late. Athough the diagnosis of early infection is usually not difficult, the differentiation between late infections, mechanical failure and metal sensitivity may be a problem. This paper discusses the use of ESR, radiographs, isolation of pathogenic organisms and bone scanning in reaching the diagnosis of infection of the hip. There is possibly a parallel between prosthetic infection and subacute bacterial endocarditis. Therefore all intercurrent infections and episodes of trauma should be given an adequate course of a broad spectrum antibiotic. Sterile air and laminar flow systems are discussed and compared with prophylactic antibiotics, both systemic and local, in attempting to reduce the overall rate of infection following total replacement of the hip. PMID- 813493 TI - Waldenstrom's disease with an IgA paraprotein. AB - A patient is described, in whom the diagnosis of Waldenstrom's disease was made on the basis of clinical and morphological findings, but whose M-component belonged to the IgA class of immunoglobulins. PMID- 813494 TI - Studies on phage 1P receptors in Rhizobium trifolii and Rhizobium leguminosarum. AB - The rate of phage 1P attachment to Rhizobium cell walls was increased in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). On the other hand the rate of adsorption of phage 1P to the Triton -- insoluble cell walls was diminished. The subsequent treatment of cell walls with 2% Triton X-100 and 5mM EDTA caused a more substantial decline of the phage inactivating capacity. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from the sensitive strains, contrary to those from phage-resistant mutants, inactivated effectively phage 1P. The content of sugars in LPS preparations was determined by using gas liquid chromatography. PMID- 813495 TI - Effect of sera on transfection Bacillus subtilis. AB - The effect of normal human, rabbit and cow sera, SP50 phage antiserum and the albumin and globulin fractions of normal rabbit serum on transfection of Bacillus subtilis 168 ind was studied. All the sera reduced to varying degrees the efficiency of the process within 60 min. from infection of the culture. None of the sera, except for the antiphage serum, influenced the further course of the process. The albumin fraction of normal rabbit serum otherwise than the globulin fraction, was found to stimulate transfection. The effect of the sera on transfection was influenced by the composition of the media. PMID- 813496 TI - Dissociation of deficits on auditory tasks following partial prefrontal lesions in monkeys. AB - Separate groups of normal monkeys were trained either in Pavlovian differentiation or in positional responses, and with either auditory frequency or auditory location cues. After reaching criterion, half the animals in each group were given a dorsal prefrontal lesion and the other half, a ventral prefrontal lesion. The dorsal removal produced a strong impairment on the positional response tasks but none on Pavlovian differentiation, whereas the ventral removal produced a severe impairment on Pavlovian differentiation and only a mild deficit in the positional response tasks. This dissociation of deficits after prefrontal lesions is discussed within the framework of the neural theory of conditioning elaborated in Konorski's "Integrative Activity of the Brain". PMID- 813497 TI - Learning and retention by monkeys with epileptogenic implants in anteromedial temporal cortex. AB - Alumina cream was implanted bilaterally in anteromedial temporal cortex of monkeys. After the onset of epileptic discharges eight implanted and eight normal monkeys were trained on tasks of visual and somesthetic discriminations and delayed alternation. All monkeys were tested for retention on the three tasks at 3-week intervals, for a total experimental period of 52 weeks. The normal monkeys received epileptogenic implants after their first retention tests. Serial scalp EEGs were recorded and several monkeys were implanted with cortical recording electrodes. On acquisition training the epileptic group was significantly retarded in comparison with the normals, but also exhibited significantly greater variabilities in individual learning rates. On the retention tests the majority of epileptic monkeys showed little or no deficits. In these monkeys the epileptic discharges remained restricted to the implanted areas. The retention deficits in several monkeys could be related to propagations of epileptiform patterns and secondary foci. These results are consistent with earlier findings with focal epileptogenic implants in different cortical areas of deficient acquisition rates on tasks specific to the focal areas, but unimpaired retention performance. The finding can be explained in relation to labile and consolidated mnemonic processes. PMID- 813498 TI - From attentiveness to sleep. A topographical analysis of localized "synchronized" activities on the cortex of normal cat and monkey. AB - In normal implanted cats, squirel monkeys and baboons, various types of localized rhythms can be identified in somatic area I and in the visual zone. Their relation to levels of attentiveness, alertness or drowsiness, and their possible correspondence to human EEG activities, wicket or mu rhythms and occipital alpha rhythms is considered. Subcortical recordings tend to show that these rhythms correspond to distinct thalamo-cortical systems, involving different thalamic nuclei. PMID- 813499 TI - Glycogen and its related enzymes of metabolism in the central nervous system. PMID- 813500 TI - Epithelial cells: growth in culture of normal and neoplastic forms. PMID- 813501 TI - Dilemmas in diabetes. PMID- 813503 TI - Functional and fine structural relationships of parathyroid glands. PMID- 813502 TI - Biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone formation. PMID- 813504 TI - Prostaglandins and aspirin: an alternative view. PMID- 813506 TI - [Histological studies of repairing processes after xenon photocoagulation in the monkey retina. 2. Electron microscopic studies on cellular responces in the late repairing stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 813505 TI - Anti-inflammatory drugs and renal papillary necrosis. AB - The literature on renal papillary necrosis (RPN) associated with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to rats and man, is reviewed. RPN is almost universally reported after long term administration of NSAID to rats, reports being cited for an indomethacin analog, phenylbutazone, fenamic acids, fenoprofen and sudoxicam. Aspirin will also induce RPN in rats, and is probably the cause of the analgesic nephropathy' linked to abuse of aspirin/phenacetin combinations in man. RPN is reported at autopsy in human arthritics, but whether this is a facet of the disease, or of long term salicylate ingestion, is not clear. NSAID are rerely implicated in RPN in humans. PMID- 813507 TI - Prinzmetal's variant form of angina as a manifestation of alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated coronary artery spasm: documentation by coronary arteriography. AB - In four patients with Prinzmetal's variant form of angina, the attack was induced by the combined administration of epinephrine (0.4 to 0.5 mg, given subcutaneously at 7:30 to 8:00 A.M.) and propranolol (40 mg. given orally at 5:00 A.M.). Selective coronary cinearteriography was done before, during, and after the attack with constant monitoring of the ECG and blood pressure. Severe spasm of the right coronary artery occurred at the proximal portion in association with ST-segment elevation in Lead III during the attack and disappeared with the subsidence of the attack in all of them. These results strongly suggest that severe spasm of a large coronary artery mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors is responsible for the attack of Prinzmetal's variant form of angina. PMID- 813508 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin upon pulmonary and left atrial pressures in patients with mitral stenosis. AB - In all nine patients studied with mitral stenosis and no evidence of left ventricular failure, nitroglycerin caused a decrease in pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and left ventricular pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. The decrease in left atrial pressure was attributable to the combination of a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure and a reduction in mitral valve gradient. While there was no significant mean change in heart rate, cardiac index, or mitral valve flow, there was a significant correlation between a decrease in each of these determinants of mitral valve gradient and the observed decline in left atrial pressure in individual patients. However, even those patients who had an increase in heart rate or cardiac output, either of which normally aggravates pulmonary congestion in mitral stenosis, had a decrease in their pulmonary and left atrial pressures in response to TNG. It is likely that nitroglycerin reduced pulmonary and left atrial pressures by either (1) systemic venous dilatation, causing a reduction in right heart filling and pulmonary blood volume, or (2) pulmonary arteriolar and venous dilatation, causing a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in pulmonary vascular compliance. Because of the efficacy of TNG in lowering pulmonary and left atrial pressures in this study, TNG may prove useful in the clinical management of symptomatic pulmonary congestion in mitral stenosis. PMID- 813509 TI - Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and renal function. PMID- 813511 TI - The programming of canalization in fetal lungs of man and monkey. AB - In the monkey lung (Macacus nemestrina) canalization of all bronchopulmonary segments begins simultaneously at the peripheral future-alveolar-duct portions of each segment and then continues progressively centralwards. Its simulataneous appearance in all segments of a human lung of the 17th postovulatory week (19th postmenstrual week) has now been confirmed (cf. Boyden, '74). The mode of canalization, as seen under the light microscope, is here demonstrated. PMID- 813510 TI - Comparative effects of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate on coronary collateral vessels and ischemic myocardium in dogs. AB - To determine the effect of isosorbide dinitrate or ischemic myocardium, this agent was administered to dogs with well developed coronary collateral vessels 8 to 14 weeks after embolization and subsequent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After thoracotomy the left coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with blood from the femoral artery. The distal left anterior descending artery was cannulated to monitor peripheral coronary pressure. Regional contractile force in the normal left circumflex and potentially ischemic left anterior descending regions was measured with isometric strain gauge arches sewn to the epicardium. Moderate decreases in coronary perfusion pressure averaging 27 mm Hg produced selective ischemia in the myocardium beyond the site of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Under these conditions the average increase in peripheral coronary pressure produced by intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate was 9.0 mm Hg, whereas contractile force in the ischemic region increased by 30 percent. The contractile force was unchanged in the normal regions. Therefore, isosorbide dinitrate can dilate coronary collateral vessels and improve contractile force in ischemic areas. Intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin had similar effects. The durations of responses to isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin were remarkably similar: 6.4 and 6.7 minutes, respectively. Although isosorbide dinitrate can directly dilate coronary collateral vessels, its effects are not longer lasting than those of nitroglycerin. PMID- 813512 TI - Establishment of a TSH-releasing-hormone-secreting cell line from the area cerebrovascular of an anencephalic foetus. AB - A cell line was established from the area cerebrovasculosa of an anencephalic foetus, five types of cells were identified in this cell line, and medium conditioned by this cell line caused strong TSH-secreting activity in cultured human pituitary cells. PMID- 813513 TI - Blood volume (51Cr) in severe protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The intravascular volumes were determined in 42 protein-calorie-depleted Shi children, and in 14 healthy patients. The red cell volume (RCV) was determined by a radiochromium technique; the total blood volume (TBV), the plasma volume (PV), and the total circulating albumin (TCA) were derived. The values were related to weight without edema, to expected weight for height, and to body surface area. Related values were averaged and were correlated with both the weight deviation and the plasma albumin level. Figures for healthy Shi children were comparable with American normal standards. Malnourished children were hypovolemic relative to their body size measurements; low TBV was the consequence of an absolute decrease in RCV and of a possible reduction of PV; TCA was lowered in the same proportion as albuminemia. RCV and TBV correlated well with albuminemia, but did not correlate with the weight deviation; the relationship between PV and albuminemia was not linear. Despite some quantitative discrepancies, similar results were obtained with each kind of related values. In a discussion of the results, stress is laid on risks of misinterpretation resulting from the use of anthropometric parameters as a basis of reference when studying intravascular volumes in marasmic kwashiorkor. PMID- 813514 TI - Functional significance of growth retardation in malnutrition. AB - Various functional parameters involved in resistance to infection were investigated in children suffering from varying grades of protein-calorie malnutrition. It was observed that the phagocytic function was impaired in children whose weights were below 80% of the Indian Council of Medical Research standard, whereas the cell-mediated immune response was altered in those with weights below 70% of the standard. Antibody response to typhoid antigen was impaired in children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition, while the response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids was normal in all. These observations suggest that malnourished children whose weights are below 80% of the Indian standard are likely to suffer from at least one functional handicap which may increase the risk of infection. In any action-oriented program, priority should, therefore, be given to this group of children. PMID- 813516 TI - A prospective study of serum copper and zinc levels in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - Weekly determinations of serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were made in eight adult patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 to 13 weeks. Serum Cu decreased in all eight patients. Five of eight patients had hypocupremia lasting at least 2 consecutive weeks and three of the five had Cu levels of 30 mug/dl or lower. Low levels of serum ceruloplasmin provided supportive evidence of Cu deficiency in the three patients with the lowest Cu levels. Two patients who had Cu less than or equal to 20 mug/dl demonstrated declines in hemoglobin which were probably due to Cu deficiency. The mean rate of decline in serum Cu was 10.8 mug/dl/week. After resumption of oral feedings in five patients, the mean rate of increase in Cu was 14 mug/dl/week. The sharpest rise in Cu was seen during the 2nd week after oral feedings were resumed in four of the five patients. Three of eight patients had serum Zn levels less than 70 mug/dl for at least 2 consecutive weeks. Serum Zn decreased at a mean rate of 6.6 mug/dl/week. There was a further decline in serum Zn in three of five patients in whom measurements were made after resumption of oral intake. Concentrations of Zn in TPN solutions varied between 0.63 and 1.0 mg/liter. Cu was undetectable in TPN solutions. PMID- 813515 TI - Upper arm anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. AB - The growth in arm muscle area and arm fat area of preschool children from rural Guatemala is compared to that of a standard from the U.S.A. It was found that although the Guatemalan children have reduced arm muscle and fat areas, the relative reduction in arm fat area was greater than in arm muscle area. Further, the upper arm cross-sectional area of Guatemalan children had proportionately more muscle than fat when compared to that of U.S.A. children. Lastly, for the same body weight, Guatemalan children had a similar arm muscle area but a clearly smaller arm fat area than North American children. It is concluded that these findings suggest that energy rather than protein is the main nutritional problem in these Guatemalan children. PMID- 813517 TI - Pica and elevated blood lead level in autistic and atypical children. AB - Children with severely atypical development often display pica, habitual mouthing, and odd food preferences as symptoms from the first year of life. Such children can ingest dangerous amounts of lead even in environments that are usually considered safe. Mean blood lead concentration was notably higher in 18 autistic children than in 16 nonautistic psychotic children or in ten normal siblings. Fifteen (44%) of the psychotic children (autistic and nonautistic) had blood lead levels greater than two standard deviations above the mean for normal controls. Behavioral and neurological sequelae of elevated blood lead level may be obscured in severely disorganized children. Screening for blood lead should be part of the medical care of these vulnerable children with pica. PMID- 813518 TI - Anaerobic (putrid) lung abscess in adolescence. AB - Two adolescents with acute anaerobic (putrid) lung abscess were seen during an influenza epidemic. One patient, who had a history of seizures and a dental infection, had a classic predisposition to this disease. In the second patient, the abscess was apparently acquired as a complication of influenza. In both cases, the preliminary diagnosis was staphylococcal pneumonia with pneumatocele. It is suggested that failure to consider an anaerobic cause in pulmonary infections, inappropriate specimens, transport and culture of anaerobic material, and the sensitivity of oral cavity-derived anaerobes to penicillin, serve to mask the true frequency of anaerobic lung infections in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 813519 TI - Congenital Chagas disease. AB - Two different histological types of congenital Chagas disease are defined. In one type, parasites were seen within the skeletal and cardiac fibers, and in the other, they are found mostly within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The latter was often associated with parasitized giant-cells with a single, lobulated, hyperchromatic nucleus. In 24 placentas, the most consistent findings were villous and intervillous inflammatory infiltrates. Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were found mostly in the chorionic villi and in the chorionic plate, and less frequently in the fetal membranes. PMID- 813520 TI - Metastasizing plasma cell tumor of the small bowel. AB - An 81-year old man who had a plasmacytoma of the ileum presented with melena for which no bleeding site could be established before surgery. He developed intussusception and the tumor was located at laparotomy. Metastases to the skin and axillary lymph nodes were documented prior to his operation, to mesenteric lymph nodes at surgery and to intrathoracic lymph nodes and a substernal goiter at autopsy. The liver, spleen, bones and marrow were not involved by myeloma or amyloid. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated an Ig-A (lambda) monoclonal protein in the serum (with nondiagnostic serum zone electrophoresis patterns) and lambda light chains in the urine. Immunoflourescense of Ig-A (lambda) globulin was present in imprint preparations from the bowel tumor. PMID- 813521 TI - Resistant giardiasis secondary to duodenal diverticula. Case report. PMID- 813522 TI - Evaluation of a prototype air-venting inline intravenous filter set. AB - A prototype inline intravenous final filter with a large filtration area and an air-elimination feature was evaluated. Adequate and uniform flow rates were maintained with infusion solutions containing cephalothin and ampicillin, while with oxytetracycline, flow rates decreased significantly. Challenging the unit with air demonstrated the suitability of the air-elimination system. In a brief clinical trial on 53 patients, the unit appeared easy to use and gained the acceptance of nurses, pharmacists and physicians. PMID- 813523 TI - Comparative effects of hyperosmolar urea administered by intra-amniotic, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes in rhesus monkeys. AB - Hypertonic urea solutions (58 per cent weight/volume) were injected rapidly into ten anesthetized rhesus monkeys at a dose of approximately 2 Gm. per kilogram by the intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intra-amniotic routes. An additional monkey received an intra-amniotic dose of 12.5 Gm. per kilogram. A tracer dose 14C-urea was included for measuring absorption and elimination. The following parameters were monitored before and for four hours after urea injection: arterial and cerebrospinal fluid pressures, heart and respiration rates, urine flow, and urea clearance. Serum electolytes, hematocrit and white count, and cumulative urea excretion were measured for one week. Monkeys were observed for three to six months after injection. At doses up to approximately twice the human dose (on a body weight basis) there were no urea-related deaths and no serious side effects noted in any of the experiments. These results support the suggestion that urea is a relatively safe hyperosmolar agent for inducing midtrimester abortions, especially with regard to inadvertent systemic injection. PMID- 813524 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intra-amniotically administered hyperosmolar urea in rhesus monkeys. AB - Three rhesus monkeys in midgestation were injected intra-amniotically with hyperosmolar 14C-urea (58 per cent weight/volume, 2.3 Gm. per kilogram, 25 muc) and the concentration of 14C-urea measured serially for 24 hours in amniotic fluid, maternal serum, and maternal urine. The volume of the amniotic space was measured by isotope dilution of 99mTc-albumin. The experimental values were fitted to a three-compartment mathematical model with the aid of a digital computer program for nonlinear data. The computer-derived concentration versus time curves were in close agreement with the measured values when the flux of urea was primarily from amniotic fluid to fetal water to maternal water with insignificant direct transport between the amniotic fluid and maternal serum. The half-times for distribution of urea into fetus and mother were approximately 30 minutes and 7 hours, respectively. Thus, although the uptake of urea by the fetus from surrounding amniotic fluid is rapid, the further movement of urea from fetus to mother is relatively slow. PMID- 813525 TI - Hyperacute renal allograft rejection in the primate. Therapeutic limitations of antiplatelet agents alone and combined with heparin. AB - Two antiplatelet drugs, pyridinolcarbamate and Sudoxicam, were tested separately and in combination with heparin for their ability to modify experimental hyperacute renal allograft rejection in primates. Pyridinolcarbamate delayed and amerliorated tissue injury and obstructive thrombosis but only minimally prolonged renal blood flow over that seen in untreated allografts, suggesting that graft failure was primarily due to vasoconstriction. Sudoxicam, an antiinflammatory agent, resulted in higher initial blood flow, but the duration of flow and graft survival were again only minimally prolonged. However, functional changes including C3, Factor II and X consumption were prevented, a net increase in Factor VIII activity was minimized, and fibrinolysis was inhibited. The combined effects of pyridinolcarbamate and heparin resembled those of heparin alone. Combination of Sudoxicam with heparin was more effective than heparin along in preventing intrarenal complement consumption, sequestration of formed elements, activation of coagulation, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. However, the latter combination also failed to prolong venous flow and graft survival over that seen with heparin alone. PMID- 813526 TI - Successful short-term modification of hyperacute renal allograft rejection in the primate. Intrarenal effects of phenoxybenzamine and methylprednisolone combined with heparin. AB - Inhibition of renal vasoconstriction during hyperacute rejection by phenoxybenzamine or methylprednisolone combined with either the antiplatelet agent pyridinolcarbamate or heparin was evaluted in primates. Phenoxybenzamine plus pyridinolcarbamate did not prolong kidney survival. Phenoxybenzamine plus heparin uniformly prolonged low rates of venous flow to 180 minutes and delayed secondary C3 consumption, sequestration of erythrocytes and platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis; neutrophil sequestration and vascular injury and obstruction were more marked than with heparin alone. Host pretreatment with methylprednisolone plus heparin also prolonged the low rates of venous flow to 180 minutes, further reduced secondary alterations, and resulted in the least vascular injury. When intact donor kidneys were also pretreated with methylprednisolone, persistently normal rates of venous flow were achieved. Despite marked consumption of Factor XII, the consumption of C3, other coagulation factors, prekallikrein, and sequestration of formed elements was minimal, and the histology appeared compatible with even more prolonged survival. PMID- 813527 TI - The relationship of tooth size to body size in a population of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Tooth areas correlate significantly with long bone measurements in a skeletal population of rhesus monkeys from Cayo Santiago. Correlations are relatively large for the troop as a whole, as well as for males and females separately. Femur and humerus length measurements show the higheres correlations with tooth size. PMID- 813528 TI - The cephalometric analysis of Cercopithecus aethiops. AB - A Steiner-based cephalometric study of 46 adult Vervet monkeys was undertaken using craniometric points as closely correlated to those in the human as possible. On tracings of each cephalogram 13 measurements were recorded. The results were statistically analysed. Whilst the monkey face does vary individually this variation is apparently much less than is that of the human face. It is possible that the positions of the monkey incisor crowns bear a relatively constant relationship to the soft tissue profile. The establishment of some cephalometric norms for the Vervet monkey may be useful for future growth studies. PMID- 813529 TI - A fossil hominid frontal from Velika Pecina (Croatia) and a consideration of Upper Pleistocene hominids from Yugoslavia. AB - Fossil hominid remains dating to the Upper Pleistocene in Yugoslavia are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the assessment of a hominid frontal from the site of Velika Pecina in northwestern Croatia. This specimen represents the earliest absolutely-dated hominid associated with the Upper Paleolithic in Europe. Also the hominid material from the site of Veternica is discussed, and data are presented on the new remains from Sandalja. It is concluded that no Neandertal remains, except for Krapina, have been found in Yugoslavia. PMID- 813530 TI - Growth of the maxillary complex in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The growth of the maxillary complex of 36 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively during four defined stages of postnatal development (i.e., infant, juvenile, adolescent, young adult). At each stage, growth was observed during a 24 week period. Since some animals were observed during two successive stages of development, 47 periods of growth were studied. The incremental growth data were collected by superimposing serial cephalograms on cranial base implants and on maxillary implants. The largest increments of growth were observed in the infant animals and were successively less during the other periods studied. The horizontal growth component was more more prominent than the vertical component in all age groups. The contribution of sutural growth to the vertical displacement of the maxilla was greater posteriorly, leading to a rotation of the maxillary complex during growth. The occlusal relationship was maintained by selective bone remodeling in conjunction with dentitional migration. PMID- 813532 TI - Effects of amphotericin B on ionic transport and sodium permeability of the toad lens. AB - The polyene antibiotic amphotericin B decreases the PD and short-circuit current (SCC) across the amphibian lens in vitro. It was only effective when placed in the solution at the anterior side and its effect was reversible. Amphotericin B caused a large decline in the PD across the anterior surface of the lens and a smaller reduction in the PD across the posterior side. This seems to be due to a direct decrease of the electrical resistance of the anterior face. The effects required the presence of sodium in the Ringer solution bathing the anterior surface. The translenticular Na fluxes were increased in both directions so that the net flux changed little. Amphotericin B produced a considerable increase in the rate of accumulation of sodium and loss of potassium by the lens. The oxygen consumption of the lens was unchanged by amphotericin B. Amphotericin B appears to act on the lens epithelium by selectively increasing its passive sodium permeability. PMID- 813531 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade and inhibitors of angiotensin II and prostaglandins on renal autoregulation. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins in renal autoregulation was investigated in dog kidneys in situ. Renal autoregulation during decreases in renal arterial pressure (RAP) was examined in animals pretreated with a competitive antagonist of angiotensin ii, [1-sarcosine, 8 glycine] angiotensin II, or one of two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, indomethacin and meclofenamate. Because of recent evidence suggesting a role for an intrarenal beta receptor in regulating renin release, renal autoregulation was also examined in animals treated with the beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol. In all groups of animals constancy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) was observed after substantial decreases in RAP to a range of 70-90 mmHg. These studies therefore do not provide evidence in support of a role for angiotensin II, prostaglandins, or an intrarenal beta receptor as mediators of the renal autoregulation of GFR or total RBF. PMID- 813533 TI - Inhibition of urate excretion by pyrazinoate: a micropuncture study. AB - Anesthetized monkeys (Cebus albifrons) undergoing moderate mannitol diuresis were treated with infusions containing lithium urate to elevate the urate concentration in plasma to 45-68 mug/ml and containing the uricosuric drug, 2 nitroprobenecid, to enhance the renal clearance or urate. The urate/inulin clearance ratio was 0.55 +/- 0.03. When pyrazinoate was added to the infusion the clearance ratio fell to 0.26 +/- 0.02. Analysis of free-flow micropuncture samples revealed a major effect of pyrazinoate in the proximal tubule, although an additional, smaller action in the distal tubule could not be definitely excluded. When droplets containing [14C]urate and [3H]inulin were streaked on the surface of the left kidney more urate than inulin appeared in the urine from that kidney (but not the other) within the first 3 min after application. This "excess" excretion of urate could be largely eliminated by pretreatment with pyrazinoate. The results suggest that pyrazinoate inhibits secretion of urate in the proximal tubule. PMID- 813534 TI - Renovascular resistance and noradrenaline. AB - Stimulation of the renal nerves can cause cortical vasoconstriction either by direct activation of vascular smooth muscle or by the generation of angiotensin II following renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells. High doses ( greater than 5 mug/min) of the renal neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) infused into the renal artery of the baboon causes cortical vasoconstriction. This NA-induced vasoconstriction is significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) by SQ20881, an inhibitor of converting enzyme, and by saralasin, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II. These results suggest that NA stimulates the renin-angiotensin mechanism. The further addition of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, to the NA-SQ20881 or NA-saralasin infusate completely abolishes NA-induced cortical vasoconstriction. These results suggest that NA-induced cortical vasoconstriction in the kidney is mediated by activation of both the renin-angiotensin system and alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 813536 TI - Whole body transmission-emission scanning with whole body camera. AB - Whole body transmission-emission scanning was carried out using a whole body camera. A disk source 30 cm in diameter filled with 99mTc was used for transmission scanning. Correct interpretation of emission scanning requires accurate anatomical orientation of the images. The value of whole body transmission-emission scanning is emphasized. PMID- 813535 TI - The Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome of micrognathia and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia at birth with subsequent normal growth. AB - Two patients are reported with the clinical and roentgenographic findings of the Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome. The features are neonatal micrognathia (Pierre Robin syndrome), rhizomelic chondrodysplasia with dumbbell shaped femur and humeri. The bone changes tend to regress and there is normal growth on serial studies. A third case seemed at birth to show similar roentgenographic changes but was dwarfed; serial observations revealed him to be a case of the Kniest syndrome with micrognathia as an added feature. The term "micrognathic dwarfism" suggested by Maroteaux is probably best aboided since it will inevitably include a variety of conditions, only some of which are associated with dwarfism. PMID- 813537 TI - [Modern concepts on gonococcal ultrastructure and its relationship with the cells of the macroorganism in gonorrheal infection]. PMID- 813538 TI - Pressure effects on the endothelium of the trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal: a study by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The scanning electron microscope was used to compare the appearances of the endothelial monolayer of the trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal in the rhesus monkey after exposure to intracameral pressures of 8, 15 and 22 mm Hg for one hour. Over this pressure range, the bulges in the spindle-shaped structures in the monolayer became rounder in shape and the number of openings on the surface was apparently greater at 22 mm Hg than at 15 and 8 mm Hg. A quantitative comparison between the tissue at 8 and 15 mm Hg showed a statistically significant increase in the number of openings on the bulges at 15 mm Hg. PMID- 813539 TI - Electron microscopic localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in rabbit cornea. AB - The localization of CA activity in the rabbit cornea was investigated using a modified Hansson's method. The reaction products indicating CA activity was observed in the lateral membrane of endothelial cell, but not in the apical membrane. In cytoplasm, Golgi complex, and mitochondria of the endothelial cells no specific reaction product could be found. In epithelium, stroma, and Descemet's membrane, no reaction product was seen. The specific staining was inhibited in the control group which was treated with 10(-4)M sodium acetazolamide. PMID- 813540 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, Gc-globulin and C4-component in aqueous humor (author's transl)]. AB - By using the combined disc-immunomethod, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein Gc globulin, and C4-component were identified in human aqueous humor. These proteins can be quantitatively analyzed by single radial immuno-diffusion. The quantiative determination of retinol-binding protein and C4-component in aqueous humor could be of diagnostic value because retinol-binding protein is capable of transporting retinol (vitamin A), and C4-component is implicated in immunologic reactions. Moreover, it is noteworthy that by these immunologic methods it is possible to determine protein concentrations below 0.05 mg/100 ml. PMID- 813542 TI - Purification of Ulex europeus hemagglutinin I by affinity chromatography. PMID- 813541 TI - The toxicity of intravitreal whole blood and hemoglobin. AB - To determine the toxic effect of whole blood and hemoglobin on the retina, volumes of autogenous blood varying between 0.3 and 1.5 ml and various hemoglobin concentrations were injected intravitreally into speciosa monkeys. Electroretinograms were performed at the outset of the experiment and immediately before sacrifice. After six weeks the animals were killed and the eyes were processed for histologic and electron microscopic examination. Three intravitreal injections of 0.3 ml of autogenous blood administered at one-month intervals or one injection of 22.4 mg of hemoglobin did not produce a toxic effect on the retina demonstrable by light or electron microscopic examination or electroretinography. Intravitreal injection of more than 0.6 ml of whole blood or 40 mg of hemoglobin produced definite toxic effects histologically and electroretinographically. The damage found histologically correlated well with the degree of hemosiderin deposition. Explosive lesions produced by xenon are photocoagulation to induce moderate vitreous hemorrhage failed to produce toxic doses of blood within the eye. In humans undergoing vitrectomy to remove vitreous hemorrhage, the amount of whole blood recovered from vitrectomy fluid was considered nontoxic, except when the patient had massive vitreous hemorrhage or intraoperative bleeding. PMID- 813543 TI - Fixation of foetal pig liver for electron microscopy. I. The effect of various aldehydrs and of delayed fixation. AB - Light and electron microscopic investigations of the ability of various fixatives to preserve foetal pig liver tissue (immersion fixed 5 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the death of the mother) gave the following results: 1) Fixation with 4% formaldehyde gives, in all circumstances, an unacceptable tissue presevation. 2)Fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde gives fair tissue preservation in a ca. 130 mu thick zone below the surface. 3) Fixation with a fixative mixture containing 2% formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde or 2% formaldehyde, 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein gives good tissue preservation in a ca. 500 mu thick zone under the surface. 4) The addition of DMSO does not improve tissue preservation. 5) Delayed fixation of liver tissue removed from the foetus after the uterus has been placed in an incubator for 40 min has only a slight effect on tissue preservation. PMID- 813544 TI - Cardiovascular effects of enflurane and halothane on the rhesus monkey. AB - Ten rhesus monkeys were chronically instrumented to compare the cardiovascular effects of enflurane and halothane. In 17 experiments, each monkey was evaluated in the awake state and after equilibration at each of many anesthetic levels. End expired gas concentrations were expressed in multiples of human minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) for comparison. There was a predictable dose-related decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peak left ventricular dp/dt, and the latter divided by left ventricular developed pressure (see article) with both agents. Central venous pressure was increased by both. At equal MAC levels, no significant differences were detected between halothane and enflurane. Cardiac output and aortic flow acceleration were obtained on one of the animals for both agents. Results were consistent with those for the other measured parameters. PMID- 813546 TI - A MTT-linked spot test for the detection of 'silent' phenotypes of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) in cattle erythrocytes. PMID- 813545 TI - Allozymic variation as an estimate of heterozygosity in Belgian pig breeds. AB - An electrophoretic survey of 13 enzymes corresponding to 19 loci has been carried out in Belgian Landrace and Pietrain pig breeds. Four of these enzymes have been shown to exhibit electrophoretically detectable polymorphism. The average heterozygosity per locus was found to be 0.066 in the Belgian Landrace and 0.028 in the Pietrain pigs. PMID- 813547 TI - Laboratory animal dander allergy: II. Clinical studies and the potential protective effect of disodium cromoglycate. AB - Intense occupational exposure to laboratory animal dander allergens plus the appropriate genetic background are the two major factors influencing development of symptoms of laboratory animal dander allergy (LADA). On quantitative evaluation by provocative bronchial challenge disodium cromoglycate afforded at least ten-fold clinical protection. PMID- 813548 TI - Lung antiproteinase: a potential defense against emphysema development. AB - A heat-labile, high molecular weight anti-elastase has been obtained from the peripheral air spaces by saline lavage. This antiproteinase appears to be different from known serum inhibitors. The lung antiproteinase prevents elastase induced experimental emphysema. PMID- 813549 TI - [Early appearing neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases of neurofibromatosis in children under seven years of age with other members of the family affected are reported. Mental retardation was observed in five patients, and one had convulsive crises. Growth and bone maturation retardation, without HGH deficiency after glucagon stimulation were observed. PMID- 813550 TI - The CO2 sensitivity induced by two rhabdoviruses, Piry and Chandipura, in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Piry and Chandipura viruses induce CO2 sensitivity after multiplication in D. melanogaster. Flies infected with Piry virus react to CO2 like flies infected with sigma virus: after a post-infection delay the flies become sensitive; sister batches exposed later on remain persistently CO2 sensitive. Flies infected with Chandipura virus react to CO2 like flies infected with VSV: flies become sensitive, but sister batches exposed later on recover and fail to show any CO2 sensitivity, although they remain infected with virus. These are consistent with the hypothesis that at the CO2 site (nervious system) a definite rhythm of production of budding sites, which transform the plasma membrane, is necessary for the CO2 sensitivity. Meanwhile, flies inoculated with Chandipura virus present a distinctive feature: below a definite temperature the flies do not become CO2 sensitive although it is still possible to observe a slight multiplication. The results from shift-up and shift-down experiments suggest that there is a cyrosensitive event in the viral multiplication. The experiments on the survival of infectious centers show that this event is implicated in the maturation step. With a study of the influence of previous CO2 exposure on CO2 sensitivity, when the expression of the viral functions are restricted by temperature, CO2 is whown to have a protective action probably produced by a cellular repair mechanism of non lethal lesions. When compared with VSV strains Brazil and New-Jersey, Piry and Chandipura viruses are moderately adapted to Drosophila. Like VSV, SVC virus and PFR, the Piry and Chandipura viruses have not been found in the progeny of infected flies, while with sigma virus "l'heritier has shown that CO2 sensitivity is hereditary. PMID- 813551 TI - Studies on the development of Theileria annulata Dschunskowsky and Luhs, 1904 in the tick--Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum Koch, 1844. AB - The endogenous development of Theileria annulata in the vector tick--Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum has been described. Parasites within and outside the erythrocytes were seen in the gut contents of larvae and nymphs immediately after their removal from the infected cattle but not after 24 hours. Two bodies resembling the intra-erythrocytic stage of the parasite, lying close to each other were seen near the gut epithelium of a larva on the 4th day of its dropping off the infected host. Neither multiplication nor union of the parasite resulting in zygote formation in the gut of the tick, was noticed. Next stage of the parasite was seen in the salivary glands of nymphs and adults. The pre-infective stage characterized by indistinct chromatin dots (nuclei) surrounded with cytoplasm was seen in alveolar cells of the salivary glands of nymphs and adult ticks from the first to the third day of their feeding of the host. This stage progressed to the infective stage consisting of distinct chromatin particles (the infective particles) surrounded with cytoplasm in the salivary glands of nymphs and adult ticks after the second and first day, respectively of feeding on the host. The infective particles were also seen within ducts of the salivary glands. PMID- 813552 TI - Malaria parasites of lemurs. PMID- 813553 TI - [The life cycle of Gorgoderina rochalimai Pereira and Cuocolo, 1940, a Digenea parasite of Bufo marinus in Guadeloupe]. AB - The sporocysts of G. rochalimai were found in Guadeloupe, in the bivalve Mollusc Sphaeriidae Eupera viridans. The cystocercous cercariae are ingested by Odonatan larvae in which the encystement occurs. The Toad Bufo marinus is the definitive host of the parasite. The life-cycle of G. rochalimai shows close similarities with the ones already known in many other speicies of Gorgoderidae. PMID- 813554 TI - Jonathan Hutchinson FRCS. PMID- 813555 TI - [Radiological aspects of thoracic manifestations of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 813556 TI - [Radiological study of 35 diverticula of the uretro-vesical junction in 27 children]. PMID- 813557 TI - Biochemistry of malignant melanoma. AB - The biochemistry of malignant melanoma is reviewed. The biosynthesis of melanin from tyrosine is described and the role of tyrosinase and other enzymes in melanoma considered. Detailed methods for the assay of free catechols, their metabolites and urinary indole melanogens are included. Normal values for these constituents and their significance in the evaluation of melanoma patients are discussed. PMID- 813558 TI - [4 years of use of a linear accelerator in dermatology]. AB - A recent acquisition in external radiotherapy, electrontherapy is the direct use of electrons which are essential in radiobiology. By their physical characteristics, the rapid fall in absorbed dosage in deep tissues, the electron beam is especially well adapted to dermatological practice. Four years use of a Bordeaux linear accelerator permitted the authors to determine the indications for the technique, its limits and practical details of its use. Carcinomas are the main indications, especially extensive lesions, advanced, relapsing, or even after other methods of radiotherapy, and in certain localisations. Wide or total irradiation raises new prospects in the treatment of hematodermia, perhaps, hope of a cure. PMID- 813559 TI - [Proceedings: Fabry's disease, angiokeratomas present at birth. Effect of diphenylhydantoin on painful attacks]. PMID- 813560 TI - Bactericidal and haemolytic activity of complement in bovine colostrum and serum: effect of proteolytic enzymes and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA). AB - Bovine colostral whey (CW) possessed heat-labile bactericidal activity against an enteropathogenic serum-susceptible strain of Escherichia coli. Activity was readily destroyed by trypsin or rat pancreatic juice, and less readily by chymotrypsin. Loss of activity due to trypsin, but not by chymotrypsin, could be prevented by addition of excess bovine colostral trypsin inhibitor. A second enteropathogenic strain of E. coli was killed by CW only if exogenous complement was added. This activity was maintained, however, even if the complement was heated 56 degrees C during 15 min. CW possessed only very weak haemolytic activity against sensitised rabbit erythrocytes, but could augment the haemolytic titre of bovine serum and could partially restore haemolytic activity to heat inactivated bovine serum. These observations indicate that low but significant amounts of complement may occur in bovine colostrum. Sequestration of Ca++ by EGTA abolished all bactericidal and haemolytic activity in CW, and reduced but did not completely abolish these activities in bovine serum or in CW + exogenous complement. The activity of colostral complement therefore appears to be mediated entirely by the classical pathway whereas the alternate pathway may play some part in the bactericidal and haemolytic activities of bovine serum or of CW + exogenous complement. PMID- 813561 TI - The organization, expression, and evolution of antibody genes and other multigene families. AB - The multigene family is a unit of chromosomal organization. Its gene members are closely linked, homologous in sequence, and have overlapping functions. Multigene families can be divided into three catagories: simple-sequence, multiplicational, and informational-by a variety of structural and functional criteria. Multigene families exhibit two novel evolutionary features-coincidental evolution and rapid change in family size-that suggest that they all share one or more evolutionary mechanisms. Natural selection cannot act directly upon individual genes in a family because of their identical or overlapping functions; hence selection must operate upon the family as a whole or upon blocks of genes within the family. The mechanism(s) for coincidental evolution expands out variant genes within a family so they can be acted upon by natural selection and, accordingly, permits multigene families to evolve adaptively. The control mechanisms in multiplicational families appear to promote the rapid expression of many gene copies. In contrast, the regulatory mechanisms of informational families promote the selection, expression, and amplification of appropriate units of information. The close linkage of the genes in a family appears to be a consequence of the fact that their control and evolutionary mechanisms may only operate on tandemly linked genes. New multigene families may evolve from a single gene or from other multigene families. In addition to evolving new functions, the latter mode of evolution generates a new multigene family whose members are preadapted to interact with those of the old family. These family interactions can lead to the evolution of more sophisticated molecular machines or to the regulation of one family by a second. Multigene families may be large or small. The three catagories of multigene families allow potential multigene families to be identified, and they suggest specific experimental approaches for the study of new families. Some of the most interesting genetic systems under the investigation today are known or potential informational multigene families. This is not fortuitous in that many of the most interesting aspects of phenotype are complex ones with correspondingly complex genetic, evolutionary, and regulatory requirements. One of the frontiers in modern genetics is the identification, characterization, and understanding of informational multigene families. PMID- 813562 TI - [Metabolites toxic for penicillin biosynthesis in P. chrysogenum fermentation]. AB - Substances toxic for biosynthesis of penicillin accumulated in the medium at the end of the process during penicillin fermentation. Accumulation of such substances was associated with the mycelium autolysis. Addition of nutrient substances as soon as they are consumed prevented autolysis of the mycelium and accumulation of the toxic metabolites. PMID- 813564 TI - [Some data from studying and using aminoglycoside antibiotics in reconstructive surgery]. AB - Effectiveness of antibacterial drugs from the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics,i.e. kanamycin, gentamycin and tobramycin with respect to the main causative agents of surgical infections, i.e. Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa was shown. The highest activity against Ps. aeruginosa was registered to tobramycin. The aminoglycoside antibiotics were satisfactorily absorbed after their intramuscular administration providing therapeutic levels of the antibiotics in the blood. For instance, administration of gentamycin in a dose of 80 mg and tobramycin in a dose of 50 mg 1-2 times a day provided the blood levels higher than the minimun inhibitory concentrations for most strains of gramnegative flora including Ps. aeruginosa. The use of the above drugs in theraphy and prophylaxis of infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa is expedient. PMID- 813563 TI - [Antibacterial activity of a lysozyme-like enzyme from staphylococci]. AB - A lysozyme-like enzyme isolated from the culture broth of Staph. aureus 712 presented in its native state a lipoproteid complex. The lytic and antibacterial spectrum of the enzyme was similar to that of the egg albumin enzyme. However, the lipoproteid complex was somewhat superior to the egg albumin complex in its activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus, a number of gramnegative bacteria and staphylococci. Out of the organisms studied Microccus lysodeikticus, Sarcina and Bac. subtilis proved to be most sensitive to the both enzymes. Comparison of the amount of the enzyme formed in the culture medium with its minimum inhibitory concentration with respect to most of the microbes tested provided a supposition that the lipoproteid enzyme did not play a significant role in the process of the microbial antagonism. PMID- 813565 TI - [Study of rifampicin in the treatment of tuberculosis and nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases]. AB - Benemecin, a Polish rifampicin was tested in vitro and clinically for the treatment of 2 groups of patients, i.e. 28 patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis of the lungs and 30 patients with non-specific pneumonia. High tuberculostatic activity of the drug in vitro was found. The clinical trials showed high efficiency of benemecin in the treatment of chronic destructive tuberculosis of the lungs and pneumonia of non-specific etiology. The drug was mainly well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 813566 TI - [Biosynthesis of penicillin and the biphasal development of a P. chrysogenum culture]. AB - The two-phase pattern of penicillin biosynthesis was observed only under definite cultivation conditions. When the conditions of the culture growth changed, the productivity curve also changed. The most high productivity levels on the glucose medium and the medium with glucose and lactose were noted at the beginning and in the middle of the process respectively. Under more or less equal conditions the productivity remained at the same level. PMID- 813567 TI - [Effect of orthophosphate on the growth rate and biosynthesis of tetracycline by an Actinomyces aureofaciens culture]. AB - A low initial rate of the culture growth is an obligatory condition for intensive biosynthesis of tetracycline by Act. aureofaciens in batch fermentations. The mineral phosphorus concentration is a factor limiting the growth rate. Under conditions of model experiments, the maximum specific rate of the culture growth equaled to 0.07--0.08 hours-1 was observed in the presence of at least 40 gamma/ml of phosphorus: such a rate correlated with the mycelium productivity equaled to 0.40--0.42 gamma/mg/hour. Cultures growing at a rate of 0.02--0.03 hours-1 were most productive (4.8--4.2 gamma/mg/hour). Such a rate was attained at the phosphorus concentration of 25--30 gamma/ml. PMID- 813568 TI - [Treatment of gonorrheal urethritis in men using kanamycin and vibramycin]. AB - The therapeutic efficiency of kanamycin and vibromycin in treatment of gonorrhea was studied on 112 and 86 males respectively. Clinical and etiological recovery was observed in 85.6 and 92.9 per cent of the patients. The best therapeutic results were obtained with the use of vibromycin in a course dose of 500 mg. A single administration of the drug in a course dose of 300 mg was less effective. The gonococci disappeared from the urethra secretion under the effects of kanamycin and vibromycin 4-10 hours after beginning of the treatment. The minimum concentration of vibromycin inhibiting the gonococcal growth on nutrient media ranged from 0.02 to 0.4 units/ml. PMID- 813570 TI - Monophenol monooxygenase and lincomysin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis. AB - Monophenol monooxygenase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.14.18.1) was studied in melanin-positive and melanin-negative mutants of Streptomyces lincolnensis NCIB 9413, varying in the lincomycin synthesizing ability. The activities of laccase and tyrosine phenol lyase (EC 4.1.99.2) are absent in this organism. The monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes hydroxylation of monophenols (K(m) and V(max) for l-tyrosine, 2 x 10(-4) M and 8.0 nmol of O(2)/min per ml, respectively) at a slower rate than it dehydrogenates diphenols to o-quinones (K(m) and V(max) for l-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, 7 x 10(-5) M and 51.7 nmol of O(2)/min per ml, respectively. It is inhibited by KCN, beta-mercaptoethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dipyridyl, thiourea, p-aminobenzoic acids and by some tryptophan metabolites. Changes in the activity of monophenol monooxygenase caused by mutation or by inhibitors are reflected in the synthesis of the antibiotic. Its participation in the biogenesis of the propylhygric moiety of lincomycin is discussed. PMID- 813569 TI - Comparison of in vitro susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole on three different media. AB - In vitro susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ combination; 1:19) was determined by the agar dilution technique using three different media under similar conditions. On Oxoid diagnostic sensitivity test, Mueller-Hinton, and GC agar media, the percentage of isolates inhibited by 2.5 mug or less of TMP per ml and 47.5 mug or less of SMZ per ml were 95, 90, and 84%, respectively. TMP-SMZ appeared to be effective in vitro against N. gonorrhoeae despite differences in the types of media used. PMID- 813571 TI - Presence of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine in fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum. AB - Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum, growth with [(35)S]sulfate or labeled amino acids, were examined by ion-exchange chromatography for possible peptidic precursors of penicillin. A sulfur-containing compound, present in both the mycelial extracts and the culture filtrates, was eluted at the location of the synthetic lld-tripeptide delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine. Since this compound was also labeled when the cultures were incubated with dl-[6 (14)C]alpha-aminoadipic acid, l-[3,3'-(3)H]cystine, or dl-[1-(14)C]valine, its identity with the synthetic lld-tripeptide can be accepted. No delta-(l-alpha aminoadipyl)-l-cysteine or lll-tripeptide were detected. The implications of these findings for tripeptide and penicillin biosynthesis are discussed. PMID- 813573 TI - In vitro evaluation of a new oral cephalosporin, cefatrizine (BL-s640). AB - The activity of cefatrizine (BL-S640), a semisynthetic orally absorbed cephalosporin, was studied and found to have in vitro activity at least comparable to that previously reported for cephalexin. PMID- 813572 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of a ribosomal mutant of Bacillus subtilis resistant to sporangiomycin. AB - The antibiotic sporangiomycin affects the growth of Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting protein synthesis. Mutants of B. subtilis resistant to sporangiomycin have been isolated. One of these, PB 1690, has been further studied. The analysis of subcellular fractions from the mutant has shown that the biochemical effect of the mutation is an alteration of a site on the 50S ribosomal subunit responsible for the binding of the antibiotic: the mutant ribosomes do not bind sporangiomycin and are capable of carrying out phenylalanine polymerization in the presence of sporangiomycin. The resistance mutation maps on the chromosomal region where the ribosomal markers map. The mutant strain is also resistant to the action of the chemically related antibiotic thiostrepton. Treatment of B. subtilis ribosomes with LiCl results in the detachment of a group of proteins including the one responsible for sporangiomycin resistance. Active ribosomes can be reconstructed by mixing "split proteins" and "core particles" of either parental or mutant origin. The fate of the mutant protein can now be followed by assaying reconstructed ribosomes for capacity to bind sporangiomycin and for resistance to the action of the antibiotic in the reactions for phenylalanine polymerization. PMID- 813574 TI - Antibacterial action of primaquine: effects in vitro on polypeptide synthesis and in vivo on ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid. AB - Primaquine inhibited polyphenylalanine formation directed by poly(U) in a cell free system obtained from Bacillus megaterium only when the drug was preincubated with transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), poly(U), or ribosomes. Considerably less inhibition was produced when the ionic strength of the preincubation mixture of tRNA or poly(U) plus primaquine was increased; with ribosomes, the extent of inhibition was only slightly reduced. In cultures of B. megaterium, primaquine induced the breakdown of ribosomes and their RNA. PMID- 813576 TI - Dry-heat inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by means of infra-red heating. AB - An experumental equipment for dry-heat inactivation of bacterial spores in an open system using Infrared (IR) radiation for energy transfer was deveoped. The dry-heat-inactivation kinetics for Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores were studied in the temperature range of 120-180 C. The z value (z = 23C) was constant in the temperature range investigated. The advantages offered by using IR radiation in sterilization systems are pointed out. PMID- 813575 TI - Characterization of two cell-envelope fractions from chemotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Two cell-envelope fractions were isolated from chemotrophically grown cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum. On the basis of electron-microscopic investigations, chemical analysis, distribution of components involved in respiration, and poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis, the heavy fraction (rho20 = 1.246 g per cm3) was identified as cell-wall, and the light fraction (rho = 1.145 g per cm3) as cyto plasmic-membrane fragments. Electron micrographs showed cell-wall fragments as open structures while cytoplasmic-membrane preparations were composed of closed membrane vesicles. With respect to the main classes of chemical compounds, cell wall could be distinguished from cytoplasmic membranes by a rather low ratio of phospholipids per protein and a high ratio of carbohydrates per protein. The relative proportion of individual neutral sugars as well as phospholipids (except for lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine) revealed no significant differences between both envelope fractions. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in cell-wall than in cyto-plasmic-membrane fractions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fractions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fractions showed distinct protein compositions. While in cell-wall preparations polypeptides of 43,000 and 14,000 daltons predominated, 56,000- and 52,000-dalton polypeptides were the main protein subunits of cytoplasmic membranes. Cross contaminations of both cell-envelope fractions were defined. PMID- 813577 TI - Detection of aflatoxin B1 in silkworm larvae attacked by an Aspergillus flavus isolate from a sericultural farm. AB - Aflatoxin B(1) (0.05 muM per larvae) was detected in silkworm larvae artificially attacked by an Aspergillus flavus isolate from a sericultural farm in Japan. PMID- 813578 TI - Distribution and effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cells of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Cell death in a resting population of an asporogenous Bacillus megaterium was accelerated by ambient concentrations of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5 T) equal to or greater than 10 mug/ml or 5 mug/mg of cells (dry weight), but only after prolonged exposure. Conversely, populations of growing cells were not markedly influenced even at 100 mug/ml. Effects on cell respiration were not manifest until the ambient concentration reached 1,000 mug of 2,4,5-T/ml, or 500 mug/mg. Cells of B. megaterium did, however, accumulate 2,4,5-T passively to a level approximately twofold above the ambient concentration. Most of the accumulated compound was easily washed from the cells, but, of the firmly bound herbicide, about 0.5 mug/mg of cells (dry weight), nearly 60% by weight, was localized in the protoplast membrane. The foregoing results, obtained with a purified preparation of 2,4,5-T were also elicited by 2,4,5-T analytical standards. The extracted contaminants did not produce the results alone nor did they influence the results when present in combination with 2,4,5-T. PMID- 813581 TI - Dislocation of the peroneal tendons. PMID- 813579 TI - Effects of three environmental variables on sulfate uptake by aerobic bacteria. AB - The effects of various concentrations of sulfate, organic sulfur, and organic carbon on sulfate uptake by aerobic bacteria were studied using pure cultures growing in a defined medium. Cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Corynebacterium striatum took up sulfate faster when young, but sulfate uptake by Serratia marcescens was faster in older cultures. Organic sulfur was found to decrease sulfate uptake, but at concentrations somewhat higher than occurs in most natural freshwater ecosystems. Low levels of sulfate can theoretically directly limit bacterial biomass production but such limitation probably does not occur in natural systems. Evidence is presented which indirectly links the uptake of sulfate and organic carbon, adding credibility to the proposal that sulfate uptake can be used as an indicator of microbial biomass production in freshwater ecosystems. PMID- 813580 TI - The carbon-dioxide laser. A new surgical tool. AB - The CO2 laser can be used as a tissue vaporizing tool and as a 'light knife'. After two years of experimental work, the authors summarize the present status of the CO2 laser and consider its possible clinical applications in surgery. The extent of the thermal damage after liver resection in dogs suggest that the CO2 laser alone is not suitable for major resections of the human liver. For tumor destruction in the aerodigestive tract, the CO2 laser has advantages over electrosurgery. It may also prove to be a substitute for electrocautery in the treatment of rectal tumors and polyps. The use of this laser should also be considered in performing biopsies on bone tumors and the excision of highly vascular soft tissues. PMID- 813582 TI - Scleromyxedema. AB - An unusual, nodulocystic form of scleromyxedema (lichen myxedematosus) developed in a 48-year-old man with a six-year history of psoriasis. The scleromyxedema responded to intermittent therapy with melphalan and prednisone. Dermabrasion smoothed and softened the skin and increased the mobility of the perioral skin. Two months after remission of the skin lesions, psoriasis recurred. PMID- 813583 TI - Serological studies on the carbohydrate moiety of human tyrosinase. AB - 1. Human tyrosinase is a glycoprotein containing N-acetylneuraminic acid. 2. The terminal neuraminic acid groups are linked to D-galactose. 3. In addition, human tyrosinase reacts strongly with concanavalin A. This finding indicates that the carbohydrate chain of human tyrosinase contains D-mannose. 4. The data presented here suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of human tyrosinase is linked to the protein core in an alkali-stable form. 5. Alkali-labile carbohydrate chains which occur predominantly in membrane bound glycoproteins could not be demonstrated serologically. PMID- 813584 TI - Oxygen consumption changes with stored blood infusions. AB - Stored blood contains microaggregates, often implicated in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. This study was an attempt to further elucidate the effect of autologous stored, filtered and non-filtered blood infusions and homologous stored and fresh blood infusions on pulmonary function and hemodynamics. Inconsistent changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and blood oxygenation were noted. The one significant finding was an increase in oxygen consumption, which occurred with unfiltered autologous or homologous blood but not with fresh or filtered blood. Since an increased oxygen consumption results in an oxygen demand which is difficult to meet in the face of multiple other injuries, it is conceivable that this observation implicates massive stored blood transfusion as a major contributing factor in the development of so-called irreversible shock. PMID- 813585 TI - Nitrogen balance in patients receiving either fat or carbohydrate for total intravenous nutrition. AB - Eighteen pre and/or postoperative patients underwent TIN using either fat or carbohydrate as a caloric substrate source for a similar period. Positive nitrogen balance was achieved with either solution for an equal number of days when balance studies were complete. Both groups demonstrated weight gain but it was more marked in the carbohydrate TIN group. One patient in the carbohydrate TIN group was changed to Intralipid because of a catheter related complication. This patient continued to show positive nitrogen balance while on Intralipid. There were 4 deaths in the 18 patients unrelated to TIN. It is concluded that Intralipid, when given through a peripheral vein with a nitrogen source, can produce positive nitrogen balance and is a safe and effective means for doing this. PMID- 813586 TI - Carcinoma of the oral cavity. An analysis of 478 cases. AB - Evaluation and analysis of 478 cases of carcinoma of the oral cavity treated from 1947 through 1970 shows a significant improvement in radiotherapy in the supervoltage (Co60) era. Survival in the early stages of disease (I and II) improved in the supervoltage era but not in the later stages of disease (III and IV). Results with combined therapy for advanced disease showed no significant difference from that of single mode therapy, whether with radiotherapy or with surgery in the supervoltage era. PMID- 813587 TI - Functional evaluation of the interposed colon as an esophageal substitute. AB - Five Rhesus monkeys and four human adults with colonic reconstruction of the esophagus have been studied by manometric, fluoroscopic and reflux tests. Transit through the graft is mainly under the influence of gravity. Infrequent colon contractions can be propulsive, and sequential haustral contractions give the appearance of peristalsis. The diaphragmatic hiatus and esophagocolic anastomosis are the sites of weak barriers to reflux which are readily overcome by abdominal compression and gastric distension. Esophageal peristalsis is necessary to return refluxed material and cricopharyngeus muscle is the final barrier to regurgitation. PMID- 813588 TI - Cardiac output measurement by thermodilution during cardiac operations. AB - Measurement of cardiac output by the thermodilution (COTD) technique through a flow-advanced pulmonary artery catheter is simple, reliable, and practical at the bedside. Rapid repeat determinations are possible, facilitating dynamic description of myocardial performance through construction of ventricular function curves. Replicate determinations of cardiac output indicate that the thermodilution method is more accurate than the indocyanine green technique. Examples of the clinical application of COTD in cardiac surgical patients are provided. PMID- 813589 TI - [Value of the study of the arterial pressure values under exercise in normotensive and hypertensive patients]. AB - Study of the blood pressure and cardiac rate changes in the course of an exercise test makes it possible to assess the possibilities of cardiovascular adaptation. This "induced arterial hyperrtensive subjects from those who possibly are not, and to assess correctly the blood pressure changes observed in various circumstances. On effort, an approach of the severity of the haemodynamic disturbance of the consequences of this disturbance, of the efficiency of treatment. PMID- 813590 TI - [Tricuspid incompetence after surgical correction of mitral and mitrio-aortic value diseases. Reasons for its persistence or its recurrence]. AB - 53 patients with mitral or aortic valve disease, observed consecutively, had before operation a marked tricuspid incompetence. 24 had, in the course of corrective mitral or mitral-aortic correction, a surgical attempt at treatment of tricuspid regurgitation; in theremaining 29, tricuspid incompetence was not corrected surgically. The course of the latter group was studied (average follow up period after operation = 18 months): the operative mortality was 10.3%, and secondary one 20.7%. The functional result was considered good in 55% of the patients, bad (classified III and IV of the NYHA) in 14% of the patients. The postoperative clinical and haemodynamic assessment showed that, in the patients in stages III and IV with persistent ou recurring tricuspid incompetence, the tricuspid lea was, in all cases, secondary to an anomalous function of the left heart (bad function of the prosthesis, persistence of aortic lesions either misvalued or uncorrected). Tricuspid repair in a second stage is unjestified in such cases. PMID- 813591 TI - [Long-term course of nonoperated tricuspid insufficiency following surgical correction of mitral and mitro-aortic valve diseases]. AB - This study concerns 120 patients with tricuspid incompetence (TI) combined with mitral or mitral-aortic valve disease. This first part is devoted to the 48 patients TI of whom was not corrected, and the long-term course (average 40 months) after mitral-aortic lesions correction was analysed. Assessment of the degree of TI at operation differed markedly from its pre-operative clinical assessment; surgical findings agreed with the clinical estimations in 10 of 12 cases of TI considered to be negligible, but only in 4 of 24 cases with a TI considered as intense clinically. The long-term unfavourable courses (TI with persistent right ventricular failure) were more common in the group of TI considered intense clinically (59%) than in the TI considered clinically as negligible (23%). Assessment by the surgeon during operation of the degree of TI seemed a less accurate element of valuation of the long-term prognosis. The mean pulmonary artery pressure measured at operation did not have, in the patients studied, a significant influence on the long-terme course after mitral-aortic valve correction. On the contrary, the results were less favourable in the group of patients whose TI was old-standing and in the group of patients with a cardio thoracic ration higher than 0.65. It seems therefore legitimate to recommend correction of both the cases of TI considered to be intense by the surgeon, and those considered to be intense clinically, even if the surgeon finds them to be negligible. This attitude is the more justified the older the TI and the larger the heart enlargement. PMID- 813592 TI - [Long-term course of tricuspid insufficiency operated during the surgical correction of mitral and mitro-aortic valve diseases]. AB - This study concerns 120 patients with tricuspid incompetence (TI) combined with mitral or mitral-aortic valve disease. This second part is devoted to the 72 patients whose TI was corrected together with the mitral-aortic valve lesions, and the long-term post-operative course (average 40 months) was analysed. The results were correlated with pre-operatice clinical intensity of the TI: un unfavourable course (persistent TI and right ventricular failure) was noted in 56% of the cases of TI judged to be intense and in 29% only of the cases of TI judged to be clinically negligible (p is less than 0.5). The course varied according to the mode of tricuspid valve repair with a good long-term result in 37% of the 30 cases with Kay's annuloplasty, 62% of the 26 prosthetic valve replacements and 69% of the 13 cases treated by Carpentier's annuloplasty. This latter technique seems to represent the most efficient means of correction for TI, when the anatomical lesions allow for it. In the group of the patients studied, the course is independent from the degree of heart enlargement and from the pulmonary artery pressure level before operation. PMID- 813593 TI - [Re-operations on mitral valve prostheses. Apropos of 40 cases]. AB - The present study deals with a series of 40 reoperations in a group of 1279 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. All reoperations were late following the immediate post-operative period, the earliest being 5 months after the primary operation. The factors which were analyzed are: causes of reoperation, the most frequent being paravalvular leaks and valve thrombosis, diagnostic methods, surgical techniques and results following reoperation. PMID- 813594 TI - [Mid-term fate of Beall's prosthesis in the mitral or mitro-tricuspid position. Apropos of 100 cases]. AB - Aiming at investigation, a Beall's valve was implanted in mitral or in mitral tricuspid positions only on 100 patients, between November 1969 and February 1972. The details of the initial valve lesions, the clinical condition of the patients, and the modalities of prosthetic replacement are described. The causes of death within the first month were analysed. None could be related with the prosthesis itself. At distance, 17 patients were lost of sight, 18 died and 51 were studied from 12-42 months after operation. It results from this investigation: -- that 84% of the patients reexamined were improved. Most of them were included in a better functional class; -- that the incidence of thrombo embolic accidents amounted to 12% for the whole group of patients, a percentage similar to that observed with other types of prostheses; -- that in contraat, haemolysis is an obvious disadvantage of Beall's prosthesis (20 of 51 cases); -- that abnormal wears in two valves resulted in valve dysfunction compelled to re operation. These latter two incidents have lead to abandoning this type of prosthesis. PMID- 813595 TI - [Internal changes of the ball in De Bakey's valve prosthesis. Technical note]. PMID- 813596 TI - [Embryological duplications of the node-bundle of His : its pathological role]. AB - A histological study by the method of seriated sections in one case of "double outlet left ventricle" made it possible to confirm and to describe the embryology of the nodal-His junction: not only the atrio-ventricular node (AV N) but also the His bundle (H) have a double origin, atrial and ventricular. Fusion of these two buds, inexistant in the "lone ventricle" is certainly imperfect. Two macroscopically normal hearts provided examples of nodal buds in one case, of a persisting cleft between the two His buds in the other. PMID- 813597 TI - [Prevention of ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction using an intracorporeal pacemaker. Apropos of one case]. AB - Pacemaker implantation is seldom as a treatment of ventricular tachycardia after chronic myocardial infarction. In this new case, pacemaker implantation was successfull for over a year after partial surgery failure. A regular demand pacemaker with bipolar pervenous catheter inserted in the coronary sinus is to give atrial orthorhythmic pacing triggered by ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 813598 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia due to premature supra-ventricular beats with a normal QRS complex. Analysis of a case]. AB - Report of attacks of ventricular tachycardia in a 39 year-old man, free from heart disease. Cardiac pacing showed that the tachycardia could be induced by premature supraventricular beats normally propagated to the ventricles, and by atrial acceleration. The same part played by the cardiac rate on triggering of attacks was demonstrated during ventricular pacing. Besides, the possibility to interrupt the tachycardia by one electrically induced ventricular beat, supports the hypothesis of a re-entry machanism. The QRS configuration during the arrythmia suggested a propagation of excitation starting from the posterior inferior area of the left ventricle. However, the absence of anomalies of the supraventricular beats initiating the tachycardia excluded a circus movement resulting from a unidirectional block on the left anterior hemibranch. More probably there existed an area of micro-reentry, stimulating the left ventricle from the posterior branches of the His-Purkinje system. PMID- 813599 TI - [Value of hemodynamic exploration under exercise in chronic bronchitis]. AB - Pulmonary haemodynamics was studied in the course of a calibrated exercise test on an ergometric cycle in 55 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Three groups of patients could be distinguished: absent pulmonary artery hypertension, both at rest and on exercise (group I), pulmonary artery hypertension on effort only (group II), permanent pulmonary hypertension, both on effort and at rest (group III). If adaptation of the cardiac output to exercise was identical in three groups and appeared to be normal, the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure and flow differed clearly from one group to another. Elements of orientation make it possible to foresee this latent pulmonary artery hypertension on the basis of rest gazometry and simple spirography data. The prognostic and aetiologic significations were discussed. PMID- 813600 TI - [Correlations between the sub-maximal exercise electrocardiogram and selective coronarography: a critical study of positive criteria]. AB - A critical study of the electrical criteria for coronary insufficiency was undertaken on the basis of a group of 150 patients who underwent a selective coronary arteriography and a submaximal effort electrocardiogram and free of any functional coronary insufficiency. The three following notions became apparent: - a downward displacement of the J point is greater than or equal to 4 mm has a very high predicitive value (90%) for coronary insufficiency, whatever the slope of the following ST segment; -- anslowly ascending, rigid ST segment with a slope included between 0.1 and 1 mV/sec. has a value equivalent to that of the classical criterion: horizontal or descending slope of the ST segment greater or equal than 1 mm; -- the ischaemic index put formard by McHenry (J is less than or equal 1 - J + ST is greater than or equal 0) is not specific enough to be of practical value. PMID- 813601 TI - [Alpha-chain disease with intestinal involvement. Report of a case with clinical, histological and immunological recovery after treatment by antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 813602 TI - [Proceedings: New technic of parenteral feeding]. PMID- 813603 TI - [Proceedings: Parenteral nutrition and serious, complicated digestive surgery]. PMID- 813605 TI - [New technic for the surgery of urethral diverticulum in the female]. PMID- 813604 TI - Short vs long hospitalization. A controlled study: III. Inpatient results for nonschizophrenics. AB - A controlled, prospective, two-year follow-up study examined the relative effectiveness of short-term vs long-term psychiatric hospitalization. Results of the inpatient phase for a sample of 74 nonschizophrenic patients are reported here. About four weeks after admission the patients hospitalized for a short stay were discharged, and at that time were functioning better than the patients in the long-stay group. When the patients hospitalized for a long stay were discharged, three to fur months after admission, they were then functioning as well as, but not noticeably better than, the patients in the short-stay group had been at their earlier time of discharge. Patients with affective disorders were more impaired at admission and improved more than patients with other diagnoses, regardless of length of stay. PMID- 813606 TI - [Uterine oxygen consumption in relation to uterine blood supply]. PMID- 813607 TI - [Phase-contrast-microscopy diagnosis of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 813608 TI - [Splenectomy and anti-D prevention]. PMID- 813609 TI - [Aromatization of 3H-androstenedione in the liver and ovary of a postmenopausal Rhesus monkey in vivo]. PMID- 813610 TI - [LRH and clomiphene tests before and after chronic LRH therapy]. PMID- 813611 TI - Functional recovery with and without training following brain damage in experimental animals: a review. AB - Review of observations on experimental animals following brain damage shows that some functions may recover spontaneously and functional accomplishment can be increased by training even with unchanged reflex status. Training consists of a combination of two basic techniques: forced use of the impaired body part, and instrumental conditional relfexes. The possible mechanisms of recovery include restoration by an alternative pathway, compensation through complicated interactions among brain structures and, with training, activation of a parallel system essential to conditioned responses. Factors, such as motivation and emotion, may complicate the course of recovery. Results of recovery with training in experimental animals strongly indicate that such training can play an active and specific role in functional improvement following brain damage in man. Future development of rehabilitation medicine in this direction is suggested. PMID- 813612 TI - Studies on the host range specificity of pyocin P1. PMID- 813613 TI - [Inhibitory effect of thiotepa (tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulfide) on the reproduction of Blattella germanica L]. PMID- 813614 TI - [Sterilizing effect of thiotepa (tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulfide) on Musca domestcia L. at different ages]. PMID- 813616 TI - Further characterization of Raccoonpox virus. AB - A poxvirus isolated from the respiratory tract of raccoons in a forest and swamp area near Aberdeen, Maryland, was characterized by biological, serological, and biophysical methods. The virus was shown to be related to the vaccinia-variola subgroup by serological and biophysical methods, but measurably different from the other viruses of this group by biological methods. It causes flaccid paralysis in 1-day-old suckling mice and does not grow well on CAM after two or three passages. PMID- 813617 TI - Multiplication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (Mucambo) virus in cultured mosquito cells. AB - Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (Mucambo) virus was able to multiply at 28degree C in cultured mosquito cells (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) without inducing any apparent cytopathology. The kinetics of virus multiplication was similar in mosquito and mammalian (Vero) cells. Twelve to twenty four hours post-infection, a maximum of 10-50 per cent of the cells were engaged in virus production; however, almost immediately this proportion fell abruptly tending to stabilize in the order of 0.01 to 0.05 per cent. No significant increase of infectious centers was observed after cell subculturing. Study of subpopulations of mosquito cells revealed a differential suceptibility to virus infection, which suggests that a balance of susceptible and virus resistant cells may play a role in the establishment and persistence of the chronic infection. PMID- 813615 TI - Female rhesus sexual behavior and distance to a male partner: relation to stage of the menstrual cycle. AB - Female rhesus monkeys were observed in standardized mating tests during successive menstrual cycles as well as in tests while separated from, but in view of, their male partners. Under both conditions, behaviors of the female were noted which varied with the stages of the menstrual cycle. Some of the most prominent fluctuations occurred in measures of interindividual distance. In particular, time spent near the male peaked at the time most likely for ovulation. The pattern of changes in this behavioral index followed a course similar to that noted for male ejaculatory success and for hormone-dependent coloration of the females; sex skin. The frequency of particular female solicit actions was also maximal during the perivulatory portion of the cycle. Female presents, a behavior often used by others as an indicator of female sexual motivation, did not show corresponding changes under either test condition. PMID- 813618 TI - Rubella virus identification in primary and continuous monkey kidney cell cultures by immunoperoxidase technique. PMID- 813619 TI - [Atypical ossification of anomalous ribs]. AB - Atypical ossifications of anomalous ribs were found in 22 cases of 400.000 fluorograms with rentgenological control (0,005% or 1:18.000). Among them there were 15 cases on the right side, 6--on the left and one bilateral case in the third ribs. The fourth ribs were altered more frequently (12) and the fifth one- less frequently (9). Atypical ossifications were observed only in forked bifurcations of anterior ends which may serve as one of differential diagnostical signs for distinguishing them from other pathological changes. PMID- 813620 TI - Experimental argon laser photocoagulation. I. Effects on retinal nerve fiber layer. AB - Eight rhesus monkeys were photocoagulated with varying intensities of argon laser energy to determine the effects on the retinal nerve fiber layer. Photocoagulation of arterioles and venules always resulted in largely irreversible and permanent perivascular axonal destruction. Photocoagulation of areas free of major vessels showed variable responses to identical dosages, ranging from minimal destruction of the outer part of the retina to full thickness destruction involving the nerve fiber layer. Variations in retinal thickness, vascularity, pigment epithelial pigmentation, and focus of the laser beam are responsible for differences in severity of each burn. Even when major vessels are avoided, it is impossible to predict accurately the degree of damage. However, our studies suggest that much of the initial damage is extracellular, sparing nerve fiber layer axons. Therefore, some acute damage might be reversible following resorption of the edema. PMID- 813621 TI - Blood vascular system in cancer of the larynx. AB - Injection methods were used for the study of the blood vascular system in 50 specimens from total or subtotal laryngectomy in patients with extensive cancer of the larynx, and in 24 normal postmortem larynges. All specimens were injected via the superior laryngeal arteries. A silicone rubber technique was found to be the most suitable for the aims of this study. A chaotic distribution of abnormal vessels that differ in shape, a rich neovascular network within the tumor, and capillary hypertrophy in its vicinity are the main features of the blood vascular system in laryngeal cancer. The results obtained indicate great tumor-angiogenic ability that can be indirectly explained by action of an angiogenesis factor diffusing from cancer cells. This may open new possibilities for the treatment of carcinoma of the larynx based on anti-angiogenesis. PMID- 813623 TI - Acute zinc deficency in man during intravenous alimentation. AB - Changes in the plasma levels and urinary excretion of zinc have been studied in a series of adult patients receiving intravenous alimentation. Urinary zinc loss may be very high in this group, but serious plasma depletion does not occur unless there is a concomitant phase of sustained anabolism in the absence of significant exogenous intake. A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency is described consisting of diarrhea, mental apathy and depression, a moist eczematoid dermatitis, most severe in the perioral area and alopecia. The response to intravenous zinc therapy is very striking although alopecia is slower to develop and complete hair regrowth is correspondingly delayed. PMID- 813622 TI - Gonorrheal infections in the oropharynx. AB - In the otolaryngology literature, little attention is given to pharyngeal gonococcal infections. In the past, gonorrheal stomatitis was emphasized; recent publications dealt especially with tonsillitis. A gonococcal focus in the tonsil is not easily eradicated and often leads to diseminated gonorrhea with arthritis. Homosexual contacts are of importance. Among 196 patients with suspected venereal disease (93 men and 103 women), 74 had genital or rectal gonorrhea, or both; two female patients had an isolated gonococcal pharyngeal infection. A positive gonococcal pharyngeal culture was obtained from one homosexual man who had tonsillitis. In all cases of tonsillitis in "young" adults, the otolaryngologist should be aware of the possibility of a gonorrheal infection. Even if there is the slightest suspicion, a tonsillar culture for gonococci is required, for which suction of the crypts is recommended. PMID- 813624 TI - Preliminary results of a clinical trial of intravenous feeding of premature infants of birth weight 1050g or less. PMID- 813625 TI - Migration inhibitory factor production by lymphoid cells of Australian Aboriginal children with moderate protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 813627 TI - Aircraft noise-sound reduction techniques. PMID- 813626 TI - Effects of 100% oxygen on cell division in lung alveoli of squirrel monkeys. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 100% oxygen on cell division in lung alveoli of squirrel monkeys. To accomplish this, squirrel monkeys were exposed to 100% oxygen for up to 5 d. Prior to sacrifice, cells preparing to divide were labeled with tritiated thymidine (3H-Tdr). Labeled cells were visualized with autoradiographic techniques, counted with the light microscope, and expressed in terms of a labeling index. In the present study it was shown that DNA synthesis was initially inhibited by exposure to 100% oxygen. However, within 3 d it was returning to normal and by 5 d was well above control levels. Analysis of the cell types involved showed that the large increase in labeling was due to an increase in dividing Type 2 cells, which is thought to be for replacement of damaged Type 1 cells. PMID- 813628 TI - [Studies on the incidence and life cycle of a sarcosporidian species of the horse (Sarcocystis equicanis n. spec)]. PMID- 813629 TI - [Contributions to the life cycle of sarcosporidia. VII. Developmental stages of Sarcocystis ovicanus in sheep]. PMID- 813630 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation during glycollate metabolism in mitochondria from phototrophic Euglena gracilis. AB - Mitochondria were isolated by gradient centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients from broken cell suspensions of phototrophically grown Euglena gracilis. An antimycin A-sensitive but rotenone-insensitive glycollate-dependent oxygen uptake was demonstrated in isolated mitochondria. The partial reactions of glycollate cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase were demonstrated by using Euglena cytochrome c as exogenous electron acceptor/donor. Isolated mitochondria contain glycollate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate-glutamate aminotransferase and oxidize exogenous glycine. A P:O ratio of 1.7 was obtained for glycollate oxidation, consistent with glycollate electrons entering the Euglena respiratory chain at the flavoprotein level. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to photorespiration in algae. PMID- 813631 TI - Hepatic albumin and urea synthesis: The mathematical modelling of the dynamics of [14C]carbonate-derived guanidine-labelled arginine in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - A mathematical model was constructed to define the dynamics of incorporation of radioactivity into urea carbon and the guanidine carbon of arginine in plasma albumin after the rapid intraportal-venous administration of Na214CO3 in the isolated perfused rat liver. 2. The model was formulated in terms of compartmental analysis and additional experiments were designed to provide further information on subsystem dynamics and to discriminate between alternative model structures. 3. Evidence for the rapid-time-constant of labelling of intracellular arginine was provided by precursor-product analysis of precursor [14C]carboante and product [14C]urea in the perfusate. 4. Compartmental analysis of the dynamics of newly synthesized urea was based on the fate of exogenous [13C]urea, endogenous [14C]urea and the accumulation of [12C]urea in perfusate water, confirming the early completion of urea carbon labelling, the absence of continuing synthesis of labelled urea, and the presence of a small intrahepatic urea-delay pool. 5. Analysis of the perfusate dynamics of endogenously synthesized and exogenously administered [6-14C]arginine indicated that although the capacity for extrahepatic formation of [14C]-urea exists, little or no arginine formed within the intrahepatic urea cycle was transported out of the liver. However, the presence of a rapidly turning-over intrahepatic arginine pool was confirmed. 6. On the basis of these subsystem analyses it was possible to offer feasible estimations for the parameters of the mathematical model. However, it was not possible to stimulate the form and magnitude of the dynamics of newly synthesized labelled urea and albumin which were simultaneously observed after administration of [14C]carbonate on the basis of a preliminary model which postulated that both products were derived from a single hepatic pool of [16 14C]arginine. On the other hand these observed dynamics could be satisfied to a two-compartment arginine model, which also provided an explanation for discrepancies observed between albumin synthesis measured radioisotopically and immunologically. This was based on a relative overestimation of [14C]urea specific radioactivity resulting from the rapid dynamics of [14C]carbonate and the [14C]urea subsystem relative to the labelled albumin subsystem. The effects of arginine compartmentalization could be minimized in the model by minor slowing of the rate of [14C]carbonate turnover or by constant infusion of [14C]carbonate, both of which permitted valid determination of albumin-synthesis rates. PMID- 813632 TI - Ring-andN-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene by rat liver reconstituted cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. AB - The N- and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene were studied with a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 enzyme from microsomal fractions of liver from both control and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. Proteinase treatment and Triton X-100 solubilization were two important steps for partial purification of the cytochrome P-450 fraction. Both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase fractions were required for optimum N- and ring-hydroxylation activity. Hydroxylation activity was determined by the source of cytochrome P-450 fraction; cytochrome P-450 fraction from pretreated animals was severalfold more active than the fraction from controls. Formation of N-hydroxylated metabolites with reconstituted systems from both control and pretreated animals was greater than that with their respective whole microsomal fractions. PMID- 813633 TI - The transport of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in a New World monkey. AB - Albumin is responsible for the transport of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the Capuchin monkey. This was confirmed by gel filtration, analytical polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide-gel isoelectric focusing and a competitive protein-binding assay. Association constants of the serum transport proteins of a New and an Old World monkey towards 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were calculated; the transport protein in the New World monkey has a lower affinity for the vitamin D metabolite than the transport protein in the Old World primate. PMID- 813634 TI - The effects of glucose and of potassium ions on the interconversion of the two forms of glycogen phosphorylase and of glycogen synthetase in isolated rat liver preparations. AB - In the isolated perfused rat liver, increasing glucose concentration from 5.5 to 55 mm in the perfusion medium caused a sequential inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glycogen synthetase. The latter change was preceded by a lag period which corresponded to the time required to inactivate the major part of the phosphorylase. 2. The same sequence of events was observed in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated at 37C. In this preparation, the rate of phosphorylase inactivation was greatly increased by increasing the concentration of glucose and/or of K+ ions in the external medium. The same agents also caused the activation of glycogen synthetase, but this effect was secondary to the inactivation of phosphorylase. 3. In both types of preparations, the rate of synthetase activation was modulated by the residual amount of phosphorylase a that remained after the initial phase of rapid inactivation and was independent of glucose concentration. 4. In isolated hepatocytes, the rate of conversion of glucose into glycogen was propotional to the activity of synthetase a in the preparation. This conversion was preceded by a lag period which could be shortened by increasing either glucose or K+ concentration in the medium. The incorporation of labelled glucose into glycogen was simultaneous with a glycogenolytic process which could not be attributed to the activity of phosphorylase a. PMID- 813637 TI - Inhibition of monkey liver alcohol dehydrogenase by 4-methylpyrazole. PMID- 813635 TI - Palmitate activation and esterification in microsomal fractions of rat liver. AB - Palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity in the microsomal fraction of rat liver was measured directly by palmitoyl-CoA production, and indirectly by converting the palmitoyl-CoA into palmitoylcarnitine under optimum conditions. Even in the latter system, palmitoyl-CoA accumulated. The rate of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysis and the inhibition of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase by palmitoyl-CoA were each estimated to be less than 10% of the maximum rate of palmitoyl-CoA production. The concentration of palmitoyl-CoA present in the assay systems used for measuring palmitate esterification to glycerol phosphate and the activity of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase by using the carnitine-linked determination were measured. These concentrations were not altered by the addition of glycerol phosphate, or of carnitine plus carnitine palmitoyltransferase. The relationship between the activity of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase and the rate of glycerolipid synthesis was investigated. The latter activity was measured by using palmitoyl CoA generated from palmitate, palmitoyl--AMP or palmitoylcarnitine. It is concluded that, at optimum substrate concentrations, the activity of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase is rate-limiting in the synthesis of phosphatidate by rat liver microsomal fractions. The implications of these results in the measurement of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase and in the control of glycerolipid synthesis are discussed. PMID- 813636 TI - Cytochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase production during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - During sporulation of Bacillus subtilis 168 there is an increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase in the presence of Pi. This enzyme was shown by cytochemical techniques to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of the mother cell and also with the membranes of the developing prespore. There is a strong correlation between an increasing number of electron-dense deposits due to phosphatase activity and the formation of the spore septum, i.e. stage II of sporulation. Cytochemical and biochemical evidence shows that cells well advanced in spore formation can be derepressed to produce the very much higher amounts of alkaline phosphatase characteristic of phosphate-starved vegetative cells. PMID- 813638 TI - Studies of human carboxypeptidase A purification and properties from human pancreas. PMID- 813639 TI - Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from various organisms: relation of the putrescine activation of the enzyme to the ability of the organism to synthesize spermine. PMID- 813641 TI - The influence of saturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthetase activity. PMID- 813640 TI - N, alpha-acetoxyethyl- N-ethyl-nitrosamine: a precursor of the biologically effective metabolite of N, N-diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 813642 TI - Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--differences in rat strains. PMID- 813643 TI - Neurochemical bases for narcotic tolerance and dependence. PMID- 813746 TI - [Latex agglutination and double diffusion tests for the immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 813747 TI - [Chemotherapeutic activity of a nitroimidazolacetamide compound in chronic chagasic infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 813748 TI - [Response of thyrotropin (TSH) to the stimulation with hypothalamic releasing factor (TRF) in hypothyroid children]. AB - The normal human serum thyrotropin (TSH) measured by radioimmunoassay in 36 children was 3.3 +/- 1.13 muUI/ml. No differences dependent on age or sex were found. Stimulation by intravenous injection of 100 mug of TRF has been carried out in 7 euthyroid children and in 14 with hypothyroidism. TSH was determined prior to, and during TRF stimulation. Among other thyroid tests included in this study were: serum T3 uptake, total thyroxine, serum protein-bound iodine, 131INa uptake and thyroid scanning. In the euthyroid children, TSH at zero time was 4.4 muUI/ml.; a significant increase was reached at 30-40 minutes. In 13 children with a light primary hypothyroidism, TSH was little increased in correlation with other parameters assessed. In two children with true primary hypothyroidism, TSH at zero time was X 465 muUI/ml., showing an increase at 30 minutes of X 550 muUL/ml. which was in agreement with the absence of thyroid tissue, showed by the scanning image and with the low concentration of thyroid hormones. The synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) should be a useful agent for clinical assessment of pituitary reserve. TSH, T3, T4 and T4I serum concentration measurement in pediatric age, makes possible to evaluate the physiopathology of the pituitary - thyroid axis. PMID- 813749 TI - [Parenteral feeding of infants with prolonged diarrhea and intolerance to monosaccharides]. AB - The study in 14 patients with severe and protracted infectious gastroenteritis is reported. In all cases, intolerance to monosaccharides was present and in 13 cases, third degree malnutrition was evident. The period of evolution of the diarrhea was, as an average, 67.6 days at the moment when parenteral feeding was initiated. Eight of the cases had shown sepsis, intestinal pneumatosis and hypoglycemia in six and gastrointestinal hemorrhage was found in another six patients. They were managed with parenteral feeding for an average period of 21.5 days, during which, they gained an average of 14.6 g/day. Six episodes of sepsis were seen during the procedure, but in no case did it follow infection through the central catheter. Four of the patients died, but in no case was there any direct relationship to the procedure. In this type of severely ill patients with protracted diarrhea, parenteral feeding is a resource that allows the defunctionalization of the intestine and recovery of these patients. PMID- 813750 TI - The reaction of the rat molar pulp to various materials. PMID- 813751 TI - Editorial: Benefit from fluoridation. PMID- 813752 TI - Asymptomatic gonorrhoea in men. PMID- 813753 TI - Enhancement by prolactin of carcinogen induced mammary cancerigenesis in the male rat. AB - Mammary tumours were induced in 3 groups of male Long-Evans rats by a series of 6 fortnightly gastric intubations of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Two weeks before the initial carcinogen treatment one group of rats was grafted with 3 pituitary homografts underneath the kidney capsule of each recipient (hyperprolactinaemia). A second group, 2 weeks before the initial carcinogen treatment and for the duration of the study (35 weeks), were injected 4 X weekly with 2-Br-alpha ergocryptine (CB-154) (hypoprolactinaemia). A third group of rats served as controls. A significant increase in the incidence of mammary tumours and a reduced latency period of tumour appearance in the hyperprolactinaemia group, when compared with the controls, were observed in this study. Mammary tumour incidence and latency period of tumour appearance in the hypoprolactinaemia group, however, did not differ significantly from controls. Thus, an increased secretion of pituitary prolactin in rats appears to be an important enhancing endocrinic condition in carcinogenesis of the male mammary gland. PMID- 813754 TI - The persistence of unmetabolized 3H-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in regenerating rat liver. AB - The hepatic subcellular distribution, binding and persistence of 3H-7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were compared in partially hepatectomized rats and in intact controls. By 2 weeks after injection, intact liver homogenates contained only 9% of the total radioactivity present 4 h after injection; regenerated liver contained 60% in spite of a tripling in liver mass during this time. Cell fractions isolated from regenerated liver had 9-59 fold greater hexane extractable specific activities than those from intact liver. The radioactivity present in hexane extracts co-chromatographed with a 3H-7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene standard. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that liver microsomes isolated from DMBA treated partially hepatectomized animals metabolized less DMBA in vitro than did microsomes isolated from DMBA treated intact animals. The greater persistence of unmetabolized DMBA may be related to the greater carcinogenicity of this compound for regenerating, as compared with intact, rat liver. PMID- 813756 TI - Comparative morphological studies on the carcinogenic effect of 7,12 dimethylbenz(A)anthracene (DMBA) in normal or intrasplenic ovarian tissue of C3H mice. AB - A single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induces a high percentage of ovarian granulosa cell tumours in C3H mice. After implantation of ovarian tissue into the spleen of gonadectomized female C3H mice similar tumours were found, resulting from an over stimulation by pituitary gonadotrophins. In the present study the tumour development in intrasplenic ovarian tissue was observed after an additional single intravenous application of 100 mg/kg b.w. DMBA. It was found that the induction of granulosa cell tumours did not seem to be affected by the carcinogen injection whether 12 weeks before or 12 weeks after ovarian tissue was implanted into the spleen. The morphology of these neoplasms corresponds to the DMBA induced granulosa cell tumours in orthotopic ovaries. A direct carcinogenic effect of DMBA on ovarian cells in mice could not be demonstrated but there are indications that the additional DMBA application accelerated the destruction of the oocytes, which might result in a more rapid intrasplenic tumour induction. PMID- 813757 TI - Malarial infections in Aotus trivirgatus with special reference to renal pathology. II. P. falciparum and mixed malaria infections. AB - This paper describe the renal pathology in Aotus trivirgatus (owl monkeys) following P. falciparum infections and also when the initial P. falciparum was followed by infection with P. malariae or P. brrasilianum. Acute P. falciparum infections were associted with high parasitaemia but relatively mild changes in the glomeruli. This was also the case when a second infection with P. falciparum was given after the first infection had been terminated with chloroquine. Four monkeys with multiple infections involving P. Malariae or P. brasilianum after P. falciparum showed a glomerulonephritis. Two of these also showed a necrotizing arteriolitis. The findings suggest that P. falciparum alone does not give progressive renal disease and that this is more likely to occur with mixed infections. PMID- 813755 TI - The effect of gold salts on tumour immunity and its stimulation by Corynebacterium Parvum. AB - The anti-inflammatory agent sodium aurothiomalate appears to act upon mononuclear phagocytes, inhibiting their lysosomal enzyme activity. Evidence is presented that gold salts can increase the number of lung tumour nodules that develop following intravenous injection of tumour cells and pretreatment can enhance the take of a subcutaneous tumour inoculum. In contrast, they do not affect the later growth of tumour. Gold salts can also suppress the action of systemically administered C. parvum in inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous tumours. These results are taken as supporting the evidence in favour of a fast acting nonspecific anti-tumour mechanism, probably macrophage mediated, that can be inhibited by gold salts and enhanced by C. parvum. The effect of gold salts upon other biological changes induced by C. parvum is examined, including its adjuvant action, and the results are discussed in the context of the mechanisms underlying the immunotherapeutic action of this organism. PMID- 813758 TI - Fibrin-blood platelet interaction in a contracting clot. AB - The interaction of fibrin and blood platelets was studied by measuring tension development in clots containing different ratios of these two components. Isometric tension attained a saturation value (MT) when plotted as a function of the concentration of either component at a constant concentration of the other. The value of MT increases linearly with the minimal platelet concentration (Ps) required in order to reach saturation at various different fibrin concentrations. A linear relationship also holds in a plot of Ps versus the logarithm of the corresponding fibrin concentration. When the cylindrical clots contracted isotonically, the velocity, normalized with respect to the momentary length, was found to be constant. This velocity decreased in an hyperbolic manner with increasing fibrin concentration at a constant concentration of blood platelets. The results are interpreted in terms of a three-dimensional network in which the blood platelets serve as contractile cross-bridges connecting fibrin fibres. Tension development is assumed to be accompanied by the reduction of the angle between fibrin fibres. An attempt was made to calculate the isometric tension developed by a platelet. PMID- 813759 TI - A study performed on batches of serum albumin used as diluents in Rh testing. A report to the International Society of Blood Transfusion/International Committee for Standardization in Haematology by their albumin working party. AB - The paper reports the findings of a Working Party of the Joint International Committee of Standardization/International Society of Blood Transfusion on the Standardization of Blood Group Reagents. Thirteen samples of serum albumin, 11 bovine and two human, were examined by serological and physicochemical means. Batches of albumin tested were normally more efficient in causing agglutination of sensitized red cells than in aiding the uptake of Rh antibody, and those found satisfactory by manual techniques gave satisfactory results by automated methods. Reference is made to evidence for the existence of inhibitors of red cell agglutination which may account for lack of correlation noted between the dimer/polymer content of some samples and their efficiency in causing agglutination of sensitized red cells. PMID- 813760 TI - Comparison of the nerve growth factor proteins from cobra venom (Naja naja) and mouse submaxillary gland. AB - The nerve growth factors (NGF's) isolated from cobra venom (Naja naja) and mouse submaxillary gland are closely related proteins. They are structurally similar in that about 60% of their amino acid residues are identical (Hogue-Angeletti, R. A., Frazier, W. A., Jacobs, J. W., Niall, H.D., and Bradshaw, R. A. (1976), Biochemistry, preceding paper in this issue). They are functionally similar in that they both elicit maximum neurite outgrowth from chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia at the same protein concentration. However, the extent of the response is not as great with Naja naja NGF. The cobra NGF has an affinity close to that of mouse NGF for a major proportion of the specific NGF receptors on cells from dissociated embryonic dorsal root ganglia. Despite these similarities there are differences which can be detected between the two proteins. High concentrations of Naja naja NGF will not displace approximately 20% of the binding of mouse NGF to specific NGF receptors. Moreover, Naja naja NGF shows limited cross-reactivity with antiserum to mouse NGF in a competition radioimmunoassay, consistent with the extent of its amino acid sequence homology with mouse NGF. Naja naja NGF does not interact with the alpha- and gamma-subunits of 7S NGF to form a high molecular weight complex. In this behavior it resembles a modified form of mouse NGF which, like Naja naja NGF, lacks COOH-terminal arginine residues. PMID- 813761 TI - Replacement of metal in metalloenzymes. A lead-alkaline phosphatase. AB - Lead ions can interact with calf intestine alkaline phosphatase. Experiments using 203Pb-labeled Pb2+ ions showed that Pb2+ ions bind the native protein in a molar ratio of Pb/protein of 1:5 with moderate inhibition of its biochemical activity. The 4 g-atoms of Zn per mol present in the native enzyme may be removed by dialysis against EDTA. The inactive apoenzyme is capable of incorporating Pb2+ ions in a Pb/protein molar ratio of 2:1, giving a lead-protein complex still enzymatically active also when genetic material, such as nucleotides or DNA, has been used a a substrate. The reconstituted lead-protein is capable of binding Zn2+ ions without any release of the Pb2+ ions and with an increase in the catalytic activity of only 10-15%. The absence of Zn in the inactive apoenzyme as well as in the reconstituted lead-protein, the incorporation of Pb2+ ions in stoichiometric amounts in the apoenzyme, and the weak influence of the Zn2+ ions on the enzymatic assay of the lead-enzyme suggest that lead ions partially reactivate the calf intestine alkaline phosphatase apoenzyme. PMID- 813762 TI - Factors affecting substrate binding in Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase as studied by equilibrium dialysis. AB - The binding of deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates and various folate derivatives to Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase was measured by equilibrium dialysis. The substrate, deoxyuridylate (dUMP), and the product, thymidylate (dTMP), were bound to the enzyme at a ratio of unity and appeared to compete for the same site. The binding of each was tighter in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.1) than in 50 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0). Folate derivatives increased the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate to a greater extent than for the product, although they themselves did not appear to be bound in the absence of substrate or substrate analogues. However, in the presence of enzyme, dUMP or 4-N-OH-dCMP, and either 7,8-dihydrofolate or methotrexate, a ternary complex was obtained, with the folate derivatives exhibiting single site binding. The binding of dUMP in the ternary complex was 25-fold greater than that of 7,8-dihydrofolate and 50-fold greater than that of methotrexate. Supporting evidence for the enhanced stability of the ternary complex was provided by heat inactivation studies. As in the case of deoxynucleotide binding to the synthetase, the ternary complex was more stable in Tris HCl than in potassium phosphate buffer. The binding characteristics of the substrate analogue 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP) could be clearly distinguished from that of dUMP by comparing their binding in phphate and Tris HCl. While each deoxynucleotide exhibited only single site binding in phosphate, a second site was clearly demonstrated for FdUMP with Tris-HCl. The binding of FdUMP to each site appeared to be equal in the presence of methotrexate or ( )5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and was increased about 17-fold in Tris-HCl. Two sites were also obtained for FdUMP in the presence of 7,8-dihydrofolate, but Scatchard analyses revealed a biphasic curve, with the second site possessing a higher dissociation constant than the first. A second low affinity FdUMP binding site was also detected in phosphate buffer when 7,8-dihydrofolate or (-)5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate was included in the binding assay. In the presence of (+)5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate, however, 2 mol of FdUMP was bound stoichoimetrically to 1 mol of enzyme regardless of the buffer used. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the presence of two apparently identical subunits in the native enzyme. PMID- 813763 TI - Isolation, characterization, and function of 6-mycolyl-6'-acetyltrehalose in the H37Ra strain of Myocobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The major mycolic acid containing extractable lipid of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was established to be 6-mycolyl-6'-acetyltrehalose (MAT). This new glycolipid was extracted from harvested cells with chloroform methanol (2:1, v/v) and initially precipitated out in acetone. A series of column (DEAE-cellulose, silicic acid, and Sephadex LH-20) and preparative thin-layer chromatography steps yielded a homogeneous preparation. A single sugar was released by saponification and it was identified to be trehalose by paper chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl derivative. The lipid moiety was determined to be exclusively mycolic acids. The major mycolic acid component of this glycolipid was isolated, purified as the methyl ester, and characterized to be methyl alpha-mycolate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molar ratio of trehalose to mycolic acids was determined to be 1:1. The other acyl group in MAT was established to be acetate by gas-liquid chromatography. Methylation analysis showed the mycolate and acetate ester linkages to the 6 and 6' positions of trehalose. The time course of incorporation of 14C-labeled acetate into the mycolates of both MAT and total cellular fatty acids was followed. These results showed that the synthesis of MAT is rapid and linear for the initial 20 min of incubation whereas the curve for the total cellular mycolates minus MAT (an estimate of the cell wall mycolates) had a 25-30-min lag period. When the label in the lipids was chased out with an excess of unlabeled acetate, relatively rapid decline in the labeled MAT resulted with a corresponding rise in the level of radioactivity in the mycolates of the nonextractable cellular fraction (assumed to be the cell wall fraction). Thus mycolic acids are rapidly transferred from MAT to the cell wall of M. tuberculosis. PMID- 813764 TI - Subunit structure of rDNA-containing chromatin. AB - Recent studies indicate that chromatin has a repeating subunit structure. In an attempt to relate this organization to chromatin's role in selective gene transcription we have begun to examine the subunit structure of a specific gene. Tetrahymena pyriformis preferentially replicates the genes coding for rRNA (rDNA) during refeeding after prolonged starvation. By prelabeling cultures during exponential growth with [14C]thymidine and pulse-labeling during refeeding with [3H]thymidine, we have been able to differentially label bulk chromatin and rDNA containing chromatin. Nuclei which contained at least 78% of their 3H label in rDNA were digested with staphylococcal nuclease, and the DNA digestion products analyzed on agarose gels. Both the kinetics of digestion and the digestion products were similar for 14C- and 3H-labeled chromatin. In order to monitor protein exchange, digestions were also performed on partially purified rDNA containing chromatin or free rDNA in the presence of nuclei. While the chromatin had a digestion pattern like nuclei, the rDNA was afforded no protection from digestion. Our conclusion is that the chromatin containing rDNA (a repeated, extrachromosomal gene in Tetrahymena) exhibits a particulate structure very similar to that of bulk chromatin. This organization does not exist in free rDNA and is not the result of protein exchange during the nuclease digestion. PMID- 813766 TI - Thyroxine-binding globulin biosynthesis in isolated monkey hepatocytes. AB - Thyroxine-binding globulin biosynthesis was demonstrated in hepatocytes isolated from normal adult Rhesus monkeys. Dispersed cells were obtained by in situ liver perfusion with collagenase, hyaluronidase and EDTA. Conditions for optimum cell survival and incorporation of radioactive leucine into newly synthesized proteins were defined. Protein synthesis, and specifically thyroxine-binding globulin synthesis, were shown to continue throughout the incubation period, while cell survival remained high (75% excluded trypan blue after 6h). Incubation medium, cytosol and a particulate fraction (extracted with digitonin) were analyzed for thyroxine-binding globulin. After extensive dialysis and purification by affinity chromatography, newly synthesized thyroxine-binding globulin was identified by specific double-antibody immunoprecipitation and by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with autoradiography. Newly synthesized thyroxine-binding globulin was present after 4 h of incubation. After 6 h, the total synthesized had increased to 150% of the 4 h value, while the fraction present in the medium and increased to 300%, indicating probable thyroxine-binding globulin secretion PMID- 813765 TI - Dissociation and denaturation equilibria and kinetics of a homogeneous human immunoglobulin Fab fragment. AB - The conformational equilibria and the kinetics of the approach to equilibrium of an IgG1 myeloma (Wes) Fab fragment (SSFab) and its mildly reduced and S carboxyamidomethylated derivative (RAFab) were studied as a function of guanidine hydrochloride concentration. The unimolecular denaturation of SSFab, the bimolecular denaturation of RAFab, and the denaturation of Wes L chain reported previously (Rowe, E. S., and Tanford, C., (1973), Biochemistry 12, 4822) are interpreted in terms of the domain structure and evaluated in terms of the thermodynamic stability of the protein and the covalent and noncovalent interactions among its subunits. The Fd-L interactions are found to be extremely strong and are maintained at concentrations of denaturant sufficient to denature the individual domains. It is shown that all of the data are consistent with a two region structure for Fab, one composed of the vL and vH domains, and the other composed of the cL and cH domains, so that there are two sites of noncovalent Fd-L interactions. One region, identified as the C region, is found to be 10(2)-10(4) times more stable than the other; this difference in stability is attributed largely to a stronger and more extensive interaction between the domains of this region. The kinetics of the approach to equilibrium are found to be extremely slow in the center of the transitions, requiring up to a week for equilibration for RAFab, and several months for SSFab. This unusual kinetic behavior is shown to be due to the strong Fd-L interaction under conditions where the monomeric domains are unstable. PMID- 813767 TI - Hydrodynamic determination of polynucleotide chain discontinuities. Improved molecular weight correlations for denatured DNA. AB - Evidence is presented of the constancy in the conformation of denatured DNA in 2% formaldehyde in SSC (0.15 M NaCl/0.015 M trisodium citrate (pH 7.0)) over a wide range of molecular weights. It is also shown that denatured RNA behaves in the same way as DNA. The range of molecular weights studied runs from 0.02 to 16 X 10(6). In accordance with these results, biparametric expressions are proposed for molecular weight calculations from sedimentation or viscosity data of denatured DNA or RNA, when determined in 2% formaldehyde in SSC. Testing of the expressions with standard DNA and RNA preparations showed good correlation. PMID- 813768 TI - Carrier-mediated sodium-dependent and calcium-dependent calcium efflux from pinched-off presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) in vitro. AB - The influence of external cations on 45Ca2+ efflux from Ca2+ loaded synaptosomes has been examined. The synaptosomes were pre-loaded with 45Ca2+ by incubating the suspensions in potassium-rich media for 2 min. The suspensions were then diluted into "efflux" media containing a "normal" (5mM) K+ concentration; the content of Na+ and Ca2+ was varied, as noted below. Efflux of 45Ca2+ was measured for a 2 min period (except for "zero-time" samples), and was terminated by filtering the suspensions on 0.3 mum cellulose acetate filters. 45Ca2+ retained on the filters was determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. The difference between the 45Ca2+ in the "zero-time" samples (="Ca2+ load") and in the samples incubated for 2 min was taken as the 45Ca2+ efflux. 45Ca2+ loss into Ca2+ -free efflux media containing ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) was markedly influenced by the Na+ concentration: nearly 80% of the 45Ca2+ was lost from the synaptosomes if the media contained 132 mM Na+, but only about 7% was lost in 2 min if 97% of the Na+ was replaced mol-for-mol by choline. In media containing 1.2 mM Ca2+ and 132 mM Na+, the 45Ca2+ uptake by synaptosomes previously loaded with 40Ca2+ was significantly less than 45Ca2+ loss from synaptosomes loaded with 45Ca2+. Thus there was a net efflux of Ca2+ from the Ca2+ -loaded synaptosomes; this efflux was, presumably, Na+ dependent. In media containing 1.2 mM 40Ca2+ and only 4 mM Na+, the 45Ca2+ efflux from 45Ca2+ -loaded synaptosomes was significantly greater if most of the external Na+ (128 mM) was replaced isomotically by Li+ rather than by choline, guanidine or glucose. This observation may be evidence for a Ca2+ -Ca2+ exchange which is promoted by Li+. Both the Na+ -dependent and the Ca2+ -dependent Ca2+ effluxes were inhibited by Mn2+. The data are consistent with a Ca2+ carrier mechanism which can extrude Ca2+ in exchange for Na+ or for Ca2+, the latter being activated by Li+. These properties bear a striking resemblance to those of a Ca2+ efflux mechanism which has been characterized in squid axons. This mechanism may there fore have evolved fairly early on in the history of the animal kingdom. PMID- 813769 TI - Role of calcium in exocrine pancreatic secretion. II. Comparison of the effects of carbachol and the inophore A-23187 on enzyme secretion and calcium movements in rabbit pancreas. AB - 1. The secretory effects of carbachol and the ionophore A-23187 on the isolated rabbit pancreas and rabbit pancreas fragments are compared in order to obtain more insight in the involvement of calcium in the stimulus-secretion coupling of pancreatic enzyme secretion. 2. The divalent cation ionophore A-23187 mimicks the effect of carbachol on pancreatic enzyme secretion in both preparations. 3. The action of the ionophore is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. The carbachol effect is much less dependent on calcium, as it occurs even in a Ca2+ -free medium containing 10(-4) M ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether) N,N-tetraacetic acid. 4. Carbachol causes a marked increase in the 45Ca2+ efflux from pre-loaded pancreas fragments in both a normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium and this Ca2+ -free medium. 5. Although the tissue still contains about 50% of its original 45Ca2+ content, at the time of stimulation, the ionophore has little or no effect on the 45Ca2+ efflux. This indicates that the cytoplasmic 45Ca2+ concentration is very low, and hence that most of the 45Ca2+ must be sequestered in one or more intracellular stores. 6. It is concluded that both substances stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion by increasing the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, through an increase in the calcium permeability of the plasma membrane in the case of the ionophore, and through a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in the case of carbachol. PMID- 813771 TI - Correlation between changes in the membrane organization and susceptibility to phospholipase C attack induced by ATP depletion of rat erythrocytes. AB - About 20 and 43% of the total membrane phospholipids are hydrolized in fresh rat erythrocytes by treatment with phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus), or both sphingomyelinase and phospholipase C, respectively, without causing cell lysis. Treatment of ATP-depleted cells with phospholipase C alone results in 50% hydrolysis and extensive lysis. Depletion of ATP causes a marked increase in the aggregation of intramembranous particles accompanied by a similar increase in the smooth area between the particle clusters as revealed by the freeze-etch technique. Such changes are not induced by extensive phospholipid hydrolysis in absence of cell lysis in fresh cells. Based on these and additional data, it is suggested that the membrane phospholipid organization can be divided into 3 types: phospholipids exposed to phospholipase C; phospholipids protected against phospholipase C by presence of sphingomyelin; phospholipids which can be exposed following alteration of the proteinlipid interactions. Such alterations which might be induced by a variety of means, including ATP depletion, might result in clustering of intramembranous particles and increase of the free lipid bilayer phase of the membrane. PMID- 813770 TI - Microsomal cytochromes of Candida tropicalis grown on alkanes. AB - A comparison of methods used in isolating microsomes and in measuring microsomal cytochrome P-450 demonstrated that separation following protoplast lysis gave the best results. By this latter technique a high amount of cytochrome P-450 (0.2-0.3 nmol/mg) was recovered but cytochrome P-420, considered as the denatured form, was absent. The alkanes specifically induce cytochromes P-450 and b5 localized on the microsomes. The denaturation in vivo of cytochrome P-450 into cytochrome P 420 even occurs during storage at 1 degree C. This degradation is increased during preparation of subcellular fractions if no preventive measures are taken. PMID- 813772 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Nepsilon-Me-His2-thyroliberin. An hyperactive analogue of thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing factor). AB - The 270 MHz Proton magnetic resonance spectra of N-epsilon-Me-His2-thyroliberin in solution in deuterium oxide and deuterated dimethylsulfoxide have been analyzed. All the spectral features (chemical shifts, coupling constants, temperature dependence of NH peptide resonances) clearly show that no significant conformational difference exists between thyroliberin and its analogue. Upon changing solvent from Me2SO-2H6 to 2H2O, both molecules undergo a conformational change which affects the carboxamide group and the backbone of the second residue. PMID- 813773 TI - Determination of the structure of the novel polypeptide containing aspartic acid and arginine which is found in Cyanobacteria. AB - The polypeptide contained in the cyanophycin granule, a characteristic cyanobacterial subcellular inclusion, is shown to be a highly branched structure consisting of a polyaspartic acid core to which arginyl residues are attached at each free carboxyl group of the polyaspartic acid. The evidence supporting such a model includes: (i) The resistance of the polypeptide to a variety of enzymatic procedures commonly used to degrade linear polypeptide chains. (ii) The inability to degrade the polypeptide from the amino terminal using sequential Edman degradation. (iii) The preferential relase of arginine following hydrolysis of the polypeptide in dilute acid (0.03 M acetic acid, 105 degrees C). (iv) The demonstration by chemical linkage analysis that both the carboxyl groups of aspartic acid are unavailable for reduction and must therefore by involved in covalent linkages and that many arginyl residues can be reduced and therefore must not be involved in covalent linkage. (v) The removal of approximately 75% of the arginine from the polypeptide by chemical treatment of the polypeptide using methods designed to cleave carboxyl-terminal amino acids. The highly branched structure of the cyanophycin granule polypeptide is similar in form to synthetically produced multichain polyamino acids, and using the nomenclature for describing multichain polyamino acids, it is proposed that the cyanophycin granule polypeptide be called multi-L-arginyl- -polyaspartic acid. PMID- 813774 TI - Human pituitary somatotropin: 46. Preparation of tritium labelled hormone. PMID- 813775 TI - Isolation and purification of Rh(E) antigen. AB - The Rh(E) antigen of human red blood cell membranes has been isolated. The method of preparation was as follows: Red cell membranes were solubilized using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by NaCl. Membrane ultrafilters were used to separtely 75% of the arginine from the polypeptide by chemical treatment of the polypeptide suing methods designed to cleave carboxyl-terminal amino acids. The highly branched structure of the cyanophycin granule polypeptide is similar in form to synthetically produced multichain polyamino acids, and using the nomenclature for describing multichain polyamino acids, it is proposed that the cyanophycin granule polypeptide be called multi-l-arginyl- -polyaspartic acid. PMID- 813776 TI - Possible mechanism of induction of liver microsomal monooxygenases by phenobarbital. AB - A study has been made of a model of "consecutive" induction of microsomal monooxygenases following treatment with phenobarbital which was administered after maximal induction by 3-methylcholanthrene. It has been found that in this "consecutive" system, notwithstanding the discontinuation of 3 methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital stimulates the further increase of the CO binding hemoprotein content in the form of P-488. At the same time there is a considerable gain in the content of its high-spin species. An increase has been observed in the velocity of NADPH-dependent reduction of the CO-binding hemoprotein as well as a pronounced elevation in the activity of amino-pyrine N demethylase. The data presented indicate that the location of the CO-peak of Na2S2O4-reduced hemoprotein is not the criterion of monooxygenase functional specificity; the latter may, possibly, be defined by the relation between the contents of the high-spin and low-spin species of the cytochrome. The possibility has been demonstrated of phenobarbital induction under conditions when the inducer-microsomal hemoprotein primary binding step is not involved, inasmuch as cytochrome P-448 lacks binding sites for phenobarbital. In this connection it is assumed that in the mechanism of phenobarbital induction of microsomal monooxygenases the activation of a portion of the genome and subsequent protein synthesis are effected by the substrate itself and not by the products of its primary metabolism in the microsomes. PMID- 813778 TI - Specific activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase during Bufo bufo development. AB - It has been suggested by some authors that during amphibian development, due to the higher glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) activity compared to that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43), 6-phosphogluconate could accumulate in the embryo tissues and regulate the channelling of glucose-6 phosphate into glycolysis. Here, on the base of the specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6 phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) found in the embryos of Bufo bufo during development, it is discussed whether 6-phosphogluconate can accumulate and play a regulative role on glucose-6-phosphate metabolism in the anuran embryo. PMID- 813779 TI - Respiratory control in hyperpermeable adult heart muscle cells. Effects of calcium. AB - Spontaneously beating myocardial fragments prepared by mechanical disaggregation have hyperpermeable sarcolemmae. Such preparations were used to study mitochondrial function in situ. The myocardial fragments suspended in a phosphate buffered salt solution containing 1-3 mM MgCl2 showed a low rate of oxygen uptake. Addition of succinate, pyruvate plus malate or glutamate was followed by an increase in the rate of O2 uptake. Addition of ADP to fragments engaged in State 4 respiration was followed by initiation of more rapid State 3 respiration, with respiratory control ratios routinely greater than 3 for succinate and glutamate. If the fragments were suspended in the same medium containing 3 mM ATP (a medium in which contractile activity occurs), State 3 was initiated upon addition of substrate. The suspension medium used in these experiments contained about 8 muM calcium as contamination. Addition of calcium chloride to give a final concentration of 0.14 to 0.57 mM stimulated State 4 respiration of the myocardial fragments. In contrast similar additions made during State 3 inhibited respiration. The maximum degree of inhibition brought respiration close to the State 4 rate. If calcium was added prior to ADP, respiratory stimulation by the nucleotide was diminished. Respiratory function of myocardial fragments and of mitochondria isolated from them was similar in terms of response to substrate, ADP, and calcium addition in State 4. Response to calcium in State 3 was different in that inhibition was long-lived only at low [Pi] in the case of mitochondria, but at low or high [Pi] in the case of the fragments. PMID- 813777 TI - Ca2+-dependent activation of phosphorylase by phosphorylase kinase in adipose tissue. AB - Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.1.38) activity in crude cytosol preparations of chicken adipose tissue was assayed using as substrate either the endogenous phosphorylase b in the preparation or added purified rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b. The results obtained with the two substrates were similar. The phosphorylase kinase reaction was markedly inhibited by ethyleneglycol-bis(beta aminoethylether)-N,N',-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), maximum inhibition (about 90%) occurring at approx. 0.2 mM. This inhibition was readily reversed by addition of Ca2+. Full reversal was achieved with 0.3 mM Ca2+ in the presence of 0.5 mM EGTA; the estimated free Ca2+ concentration required was 4 muM. The activation of phosphorylase b was blocked immediately and completely by EGTA added during the course of the assay; reversal was achieved without a time lag by the addition of Ca2+. The Ca2+ requirement was also demonstrated directly by preparing an enzyme fraction from which Ca2+ had been removed and by using Ca2+-free reagents. Under these conditions the Ca2+ concentration needed for half maximum activation was 10 muM and maximum activation was obtained at about 100 muM. The possibility that the effects of EGTA and Ca2+ might be related to changes in phosphorylase phosphatase activity rather than phosphorylase kinase was considered unlikely since the phosphorylase phosphatase activity was inhibited during the phosphorylase kinase assay step by the inclusion of fluoride and beta glycerophosphate. Phosphorylase kinase activity in rat adipocytes, using endogenous phosphorylase as substrate, was also inhibited EGTA but, whereas the activity in chicken adipose tissue was inhibited by 90%, the activity in rat adipose tissue was inhibited only 60%. These data indicate that adipose tissue phosphorylase kinase has a Ca2+ requirement for optimal activity and is thus qualitatively similar to the enzyme in contractile tissues. PMID- 813780 TI - Photosynthetic electron transport, ATP synthesis and nitrogenase activity in isolated heterocysts of Anabaena cylindrica. AB - Isolated heterocysts of the N2-fixing blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica contain the Photosystem I components P-700, bound and soluble ferredoxins and ferredoxin NADP reductase. They also show Photosystem I activity being able to photoreduce both methylviologen and NADP when ascorbate + dichlorophenol-indophenol acts as reductant. They photophosphorylate (64 munol ATP produced/mg chlorophyll a/h) and carry out oxidative phosphorylation (8.7 munol ATP produced/mg chlorophyll a/h). Ninety per cent of the total cell-free extract nitrogenase activity is located in the heterocyst fraction of aerobic cultures. PMID- 813781 TI - Effects of magnesium and chloride ions on light-induced electron transport in membrane fragments from a blue-green alga. AB - The effects of magnesium and chloride ions on photosynthetic electron transport were investigated in membrane fragments of a blue-green alga, Nostoc muscorum (Strain 7119), noted for their stability and high rates of electron transport from water or reduced dichlorophenolindophenol to NADP+. Magnesium ions were required not only for light-induced electron transport from water to NADP+ but also for protection in the dark of the integrity of the water-photooxidizing system (Photosystem II). Membrane fragments suspended in the dark in a medium lacking Mg2+ lost the capacity to photoreduce NADP+ with water on subsequent illumination. Chloride ions could substitute, but less effectively, for each of these two effects of Chloride ions could substitute, but less effectively, for each of these two effects of magnesium ions. By contrast, the photoreduction of NADP+ by DCIPH2 was independent of Mg2+ (or Cl-) for the protection of the electron transport system in the dark or during the light reaction proper. Furthermore, high concentration of MgGl2 produced a strong inhibition of NADP+ photoreduction with DCIPH2 without significantly affecting the rate of NADP+ photoreduction with water. The implications of these findings for the differential involvement of Photosystem I and Photosystem II in the photoreduction of NADP+ with different electron donors are discussed. PMID- 813782 TI - [Comparison of histone-like proteins from blue-green algae with ribosomal basic proteins of alga and wheat germ histones]. AB - Histone-like proteins was found in blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans, which has no nucleus. F2b2, F2a2, F2a1 fractions were found in histone-like algae proteins and no fraction F1. Content of basic amino acids (arginine being prevailing in algae protein) is quite identical in histone-like algae proteins and in wheat germs histones, while the content of acid amino acids is considerably higher in algae. The presence in procaryotic cells of basic proteins similar in a number of properties to histones of higher organisms suggests that these proteins are evolutionary precursors of eucaryotic histones. PMID- 813784 TI - [2 interconvertible forms of L type pyruvate kinase from the rabbit adrenal cortex]. AB - Pyruvate kinase (PK-II) isoenzyme from rabbit adrenal cortex was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose during long-term incubation in the cold. The enzyme is resistant to fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and L-alanine. Dithiotreitol and preincubation for 10 min. at 30 degrees C did not change the resistance of the enzyme to these factors. Preincubation for 30 min. at 30 degrees C in the presence of EDTA (3.3 mM) converted the enzyme into the FDP sensitive form, the dependency curve of the initial reaction rate on the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate being S-form. Sucrose and dithiotreitol contributed the isolation of PK-II from rabbit adrenal cortex in the form having a higher degree of the interaction of active sites. PMID- 813783 TI - [Changes in the activity of enzymes of glycogen metabolism in oocytes and embryos of teleosts]. AB - An acceleration of the rate of glycogenolysis after the onset of embryo-genesis of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) is not due either to the activation of phosphorylase, nor to the increase of its intracellular activity. The activity of debranching enzyme-amylo-1,6-glucosidase and oligo-1,4 leads to 1,4 glucantransferase are increased, which indicated possible participation of these enzymes in the control of glycogenolysis. The activity of glycogen synthetase reached its maximum before the oocyte maturation and then it gradually decreased. The activity of "branching" enzyme alpha-1,4-glucan: alpha-1,4-glucan 6 glycosyltransferase sharply increased after the beginning of decreasing in the activity of glycogen synthetase. Most of the activity of phosphorylase and debranching enzymes is not bound with the granular glycogen. PMID- 813785 TI - [Methylation of DNA of 1P+F phage for Bacillus brevis var. G-B]. AB - DNA from a virulent mutant of the temperate 1P+f phage for Bacillus brevis var. G B belongs to AT-type (GCequals34.5 mole %) and contains 5-methylcytosine (0.17 mole %) and N6-methyladenine (0.32 mole %). The amount of these minor bases in the phage DNA does not depend on the bacterial host (P- and S-variants of Bac.brevis var. G.-B). In contrast to the host DNA and heterologous DNA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells, DNA of 1P+f phage does not accept methyl groups from (methyl-3H)-S-adenosyl methionine on being methylated in vitro by enzymes from Bac. brevts cells. Thus, these phage DNA are fully methylated in vivo. The character of methylation of phage DNA in the cells of different Bac. brevis var. G-B variants is the same, i.e. dissociation of Bac. brevis var. G-B is not accompanied by any changes in the specificity of DNA methylation. In 1P+f DNA 5 methylcytosine is contained in all pyrimidine isopliths, the maximum quantity of this base (27%) is established to be present in dipyrimidine clusters. In host DNA all 5-methylcytosine localization in mono- and dipyrimidine fragments at a ratio of 1:1. This means that the specificity of methylation of cytosine residues in host and phage DNA in Bac. brevis var. G-B cells is quite different. This difference seems to be due to a specific methylase(s) induced by phage 1P+f which participates in the phage DNA methylation in vivo in addition to host enzymes. PMID- 813786 TI - [The interaction of polycyclic hydrocarbons with lipids in the livers of animals during the early stages of carcinogenesis]. PMID- 813787 TI - [X-ray induced DNA degradation in radiosensitive mutants of Anacystis nidulans]. PMID- 813788 TI - The villous stems of the human placenta. AB - Dissection and graphic reconstruction of villous stems of human placentas has shown that the allegedly typical pattern, namely, one single villous stem and one maternal arterial ostium supplying each lobule, is not the usual state. More often, portions of one villous stem supply several lobules, and several stems take part in the formation of one lobule. This, together with the previously demonstrated location of arterial ostia at the interlobular areas, leads to the concept that arterial ostia, usually in close association with large anchoring villi, form a network at the base of the placenta which determines the distribution of the lobules. PMID- 813789 TI - [The effect of antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effects of serotype and tissue localization on resistance]. AB - The authors report the antibiotic susceptibility and serotyping identification of 1 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated during one year (1972-1973) in the Besancon C.H.U. Eighty per cent of strains are sensitive to 3.2 mcg/ml of Gentamycin (G); to 6.4 mcg/ml of Colistin (Co); to 25 mcg/ml of Rifampicin (R) and 400 mcg/ml of Carbenicillin (Ca). Tobramycin (T) and Lividomycin (L) are active on G-resistant strains in the ratio: CMI.T/CMI.G = 0.12 and CMI.L/CMI.G = 0.25. Among the serotypes, the most common are the 3 (19% of the total), 6 (18.2%) and 5 (11.9%). The serotype 11 (9.5% of the total) is the most resistant to Carbenicillin (CMI m = 400-800 mcg/ml), to Gentamicin (CMI m = 4 mcg/ml) and to Colistin (CMI m = 6.4 to 12.5 mcg/ml). Urinary tract bacteria are more resistant (CMI.Ca 400 mcg/ml; CMI.G = 3.2-6.4 MCG/ML; CMI.R = 25-50 mcg/ml) than fecal bacteria (CMI.Ca 100-200 mcg/ml; CMI.G 1.6 mcg/ml; CMI.R 12.5-25 mcg/ml). This resistance seems essentially linked to bacterial localization, not to serotype: indeed it is possible to find in the same patient, several resistant serotypes in the urinary tract, although bacteria in other sites remain sensitive. PMID- 813790 TI - Antibodies against myoid thymic cells and striated muscle, and monoclonal gammapathy in myasthenia gravis. AB - The serum of a patient with myasthenia gravis contained a particularly high titer of antistriated muscle antibodies, as well as a monoclonal IgM Kappa immunoglobulin. The antibody activity was only associated with IgG fractions and not with the monoclonal IgM, when these immunoglobulins were separated by chromatography. The association of these two immunological disorders is discussed. PMID- 813791 TI - Dense growth of aerobic bacteria in a bench-scale fermentor. AB - Escherichia coli B, Escherichia coli MRE 600, Escherichia coli K 12-3300, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aerobacter aerogenes were grown exponentially in a bench-scale fermentor to cell concentrations in the range of 20 to 41 g dry cells/liter at 30 degrees C and 30 to 55 g dry cells/liter at 25 degrees C. The high cell concentrations were achieved in a growth system previously described for growth of Escherichia coli W (Biotechnol. Bioeng., 16, 933 (1974); ibid. 17, 227 (1975)). Various enzyme activity levels in the high-concentration cells were compared to those in cells grown in conventional low-density cultures. No significant differences were found. The culture supernatants were found to be essentially free of high-molecular weight metabolic or cell lysis products. Yield constants for glucose, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus were also determined in the dense cultures and some of their relations to the growth conditions are discussed. PMID- 813792 TI - The neural crest in abnormalities of the face and brain. AB - Available evidence indicates that neural crest cells, which originate from ectoderm at the neural plate margin, form the skeletal and connective tissues in the face and portions of the cranium. Common origins may thus account for some brain-eye-face malformation complexes such as arhinencephaly. These are thought to involve deficient crest-cell formation which particularly affects frontonasal derivatives. In contrast, the more caudal maxillary process and visceral arch derivatives seem to be more affected by defective crest migration. Also considered are malformations possibly resulting from defects in crest-cell proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 813794 TI - Hemorrhage in development of the face. AB - Focal hemorrhages, early in embryogenesis, may play a significant part in the pathogenesis of specific malformations. Animal models of hemifacial microsomia and thalidomide-induced otomandibular dysostosis are described; the causal mechanism of malformation appeared to be closely related to the formation of a hematoma at the time of development of the stapedial arterial systems. The effects of the hematoma on morphogenesis are described, and the changes observed in the animal models compared with similar anomalies in man. PMID- 813795 TI - Cell migration and neuronal ectopias in the brain. PMID- 813793 TI - Anomalies of face and brain. AB - The forming head is a community of interrelated cells, tissues and complex organs. Anomalies of the craniofacial complex constitute a special category of birth defects because they involve several organ systems and functions including the central nervous system, upper respiratory and alimentary tracts, vision, speech and hearing, and facial expression. A review of face-brain anomalies, utilizing a heuristic classification, is presented to provide a rational basis for diagnosis, treatment, and clinical and laboratory investigation. PMID- 813797 TI - [Relation between the Rhesus and Gm systems, their localization on chromosome]. AB - The accumulated combination (X2 = 11.28 greater than 9.21) of Gm 1+ with Rh(CC) and of Gm 1-with Rh(cc) demonstrates the synteny of both markers on chromosome 1. PMID- 813796 TI - Reduction of 14C-norepinephrine metabolism in rabbit aorta by vasodilators. AB - In the present study, both of the major enzymes, monoamine oxidase and catechol-o methyltransferase, involved in the degradation of norepinephrine were examined indirectly in segments of rabbit aorta by exposure of tissues to 14C norepinephrine and subsequent isolation of metabolites from homogenates by chromatographic techniques. Segments of aorta were preincubated with vasodilators to examine their influence on accumulation and metabolism of 14C-norepinephrine. The accumulation of labeled norepinephrine by aortae was enhanced after preincubation with hydrochlorothiazide or diazoxide, and reduced after preincubation with sodium nitroprusside or nitroglycerin. However, the fraction of accumulated 14C-norepinephrine which was degraded was significantly reduced after exposure to all four vasodilators. These results suggest that a decrease in degradation of norepinephrine in vascular smooth muscle can be observed (1) in vitro and (2) fairly rapidly after exposure to vasodilators. PMID- 813798 TI - Educational approach in the control of Chagas' disease. AB - The serious threat posed by Chagas' disease demands an urgent and realistic approach to controlling the infection in multitudes of affected Latin American communities. Education is undoubtedly the best current means available for combating widespread public ignorance, both of the threat posed by reduviid bugs and of the association between the bugs and the disease. Especially high priority should be given to informing schoolchildren about the disease and to providing adults with an appropriate education on elementary hygiene and advice about how to make their homes secure against reduviid bug infestations. In general, the obstacles to control of Chagas' disease do not involve lack of a cure so much as lack of public awareness and education. A need thus exists for public health and education authorities to take an active interest in the implementation of control programs, and to make a determined effort to overcome existing difficulties by means of an educational approach. PMID- 813799 TI - The effect of urea on population density of the ciliates Entodinium cultivated in vitro. PMID- 813801 TI - The influence of metyrapone on the synthesis and release of prostaglandins from the pregnant rat uterus in vitro. AB - 1 Metyrapone (150 mg/kg, s.c. or i.p.) an inhibitor of corticosteroid biosynthesis, significantly reduced the release of prostaglandins of the F-type from isolated preparations of pregnant rat uteri in vitro, on day 22 - the expected day of delivery. 2 Metyrapone and indomethacin administered in vitro both inhibited the conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 by homogenates of day 22 pregnant rat uteri. Metyrapone was approximately 150 times less potent than indomethacin. Although indomethacin also inhibited prostaglandin F2alpha production, metyrapone stimulated synthesis of this prostaglandin. The differential inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by metyrapone may reflect sensitivity of the inhibitor to changes in experimental conditions. 3 Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may explain the effects of metyrapone on parturition in the rat. PMID- 813800 TI - Ventral root responses of the hemisected amphibian spinal cord to perfused amino acids in the presence of procaine. AB - The use of the procaine-blocked hemisected spinal cord preparation to identify the primary action of amino acids and their antagonists on amphibian mononeurones is described. 2 Apart from an anomalous effect of glycine, the responses of frog spinal motoneurones to amino acids were shown to be similar to those of mammalian spinal neurones. 3 In the presence of procaine, gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), taurine and beta-alanine caused a hyperpolarizing response, measured in ventral roots, whereas L-glutamate and, to a lesser extent, glycine caused depolarization. 4 Picrotoxin and bicuculline specifically blocked ventral root responses to GABA; strychnine blocked responses to taurine and beta-alanine but not responses to L-glutamate, glycine or GABA. PMID- 813802 TI - Assessing hazards from prolonged and repeated exposure to low doses of toxic substances. PMID- 813804 TI - Editorial: Trial by traction. PMID- 813803 TI - Analytical surveys of food. PMID- 813806 TI - Letter: Long-stay mental hospital population. PMID- 813805 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Leucocytes from 26 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 18 healthy controls were investigated by migration inhibition induced by a variety of antigens. In patients with CF cell-mediated immunity was found to human lung and pancreatic tissue extracts as well as to Aspergillus fumigatus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and food antigens but not to brain, heart, or kidney. Those patients with the severest form of the disease had the greatest impairment of cell-mediated immunity, but this impairment could be reversed by steroid treatment. Cell mediated cytotoxicity may also be concerned in the pathogenesis of CF. PMID- 813807 TI - Letter: Isolation of patients with bone marrow depression. PMID- 813808 TI - Problems of childhood. Febrile fits. PMID- 813810 TI - Letter: Steroids and common skin diseases. PMID- 813809 TI - Sodium cromoglycate in chronic asthma. AB - A long-term double-blind trial of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) with and without isoprenaline, with a placebo control, was undertaken in Edinburgh to a similar design as a previously reported trial in London. The results from the two centres were compared and combined. In Edinburgh 41 patients were studied for 36 weeks and 40 for 52 weeks and in the combined series 121 were studied for 36 weeks and 114 for 52 weeks. In the second year 14 patients were followed-up in Edinburgh and 27 in London. The two SCG regimens were superior overall to placebo both in the Edinburgh and London patients. SCG was effective in similar proportions of patients with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma. In the second year the effectiveness of SCG was further tested by randomly allocating half the patients to a placebo. Some patients derived a continuing benefit from SCG, but its continued use did not appear to be necessary for others, whose progress on placebo was satisfactory. PMID- 813811 TI - Long-term digoxin treatment in general practice. AB - A questionnaire was sent to several general practitioners and specialists in an attempt to obtain a consensus on standards of care for patients receiving long term digoxin treatment. The consultants' suggested standards were slightly more stringent than those of the general practitioners. The records of 42 patients taking digoxin under the care of two general practitioners were studied to see how far their actual care matched up to the suggested standards. The models of management proposed by these patients' doctors were only slightly different from those suggested by other practitioners, but measured against these models the patients' care was in some cases inadequate. Nevertheless, there was little relationship between the recorded levels of care and the health of the patient, and it may have been the standard of recording rather than the care that was inadequate. Measuring plasma digoxin levels in these patients proved to be of little value. Medical audit is thus a useful tool in helping the general practitioner to review his work and improve his knowledge, but it may not be a practical or true way of measuring the quality of care. PMID- 813812 TI - Letter: Localised plasmacytomia in a patient with alpha-chain disease in remission. PMID- 813813 TI - Letter: Immunisation against dental caries. PMID- 813814 TI - Possible mis-identification of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. PMID- 813815 TI - Properties of two isolates (MK-7-73 and MK-10-73) from wild monkeys. PMID- 813816 TI - Serotonin axons in the supra- and subependymal plexuses and in the leptomeninges; their roles in local alterations of cerebrospinal fluid and vasomotor activity. AB - Extensive plexuses of serotonin axons form a supra- and subependymal system in the walls of the ventricles, in the arachnoid sheath around major cerebral blood vessels, and in the pia over the spinal cord. These have been demonstrated by autoradiography after continuous intraventricular perfusions of exogenous [3H]5 HT in rats and monkeys. The axons accumulate 5,6-DHT rendering them electron opaque, but have no uptake systems for [3H]NE. After treatment with MAO inhibitors and [3H]5-HT, the axonal boutons contain large (70nm) variably dense synaptic vesicles, and small (35 nm) vesicles each equipped with a dense dot. The latter vesicles are not seen in untreated controls. Electrical stimulation in the raphe nuclei causes significant increases in axonal [3H]5-HT uptake indicating that the fibers originate in the raphe. Quantitatively, the supraependymal plexus is variable, profuse over the dorsal and ventral aqueductal surfaces, sparse over the lateral aspects. Individual raphe neurons have their specific uptake affinities for [3H]5-HT that are independent of tracer concentration or diffusion gradient. It is suggested that raphe neurons with low 5-HT uptake may utilize other neurotransmitters. Two new functional roles are proposed: (1) the serotonin ventricular and pial axons are probably important modifiers of local cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition so that regional CSF variations in 5-HT and its metabolites are highly probable; (2) the subarachnoid plexus around major cerebral vessels may contribute to local vasomotor action, thus affecting the cerebral blood flow. The possible significance of these serotonin systems for an understanding of certain neurological entities such as migraine and hemodynamic regulation in cerebral vascular disease is indicated. PMID- 813817 TI - 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (mhpg) transport from the spinal cord during spinal subarachnoid perfusion. AB - Spinal subarachnoid perfusions of rhesus monkeys were performed to study the transport of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) by the spinal cord. The perfusate contained [3H]MHPG and a reference extracellular space marker ([14C]sucrose of [14C]ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-calcium complex). The mean (+/- S.D.) clearance of MHPG by the monkey spinal cord was 33 (+/- 4) mul/min. Analysis of serial sections of spinal tissue after each perfusion facilitated determination of several basic parameters of MHPG transport. MHPG has a spinal tissue distribution space of 70-80%. MHPG enters capillaries within spinal tissue throughout the entire spinal cord. The mean capillary exchange half-time was 8.2 min +/- 1.9 min. MHPG crosses cell membranes easily and diffuses through cells rapidly. The apparent tissue diffusion coefficient approximated the diffusion coefficient in water (8.5 x 10(-6) sq.cm/sec). The data suggests that CSF levels of MHPG are an uncertain indicator of norepinephrine metabolism and that lumbar CSF levels of MHPG reflect in large part spinal cord rather than brain metabolism. PMID- 813818 TI - Studies on the control of some simple motor tasks. Effects of thalamic and red nuclei lesions. PMID- 813819 TI - Immune-mediated demyelination in the rabbit retina after intraocular injection of antigen. PMID- 813820 TI - A projection from the medial pulvinar to the amygdala in primates. PMID- 813821 TI - Degeneration of layer III pyramidal cells in area 18 following destruction of callosal input. PMID- 813822 TI - [On electrophoretically undetected immunoglobulin. 29th Communication on nitrogenous substances in body fluids (author's transl)]. PMID- 813823 TI - Effect of brinolase on corneal endothelium. AB - We investigated Brinolase, a substance producing enzymatic zonulysis, for effects on the physiological and anatomical function of the corneal endothelium in the specular microscope. Concentrations of 100 C2 units/ml perfused for ten minutes did not appear to damage the corneal endothelium. Longer perfusions or higher concentrations possibly produced alterations in the physiological functions of the endothelium, but no significant anatomic change was demonstrated. Longer perfusion times with high concentrations (1,600 C2 units/ml) resulted in the formation of holes which perforated the corneal stroma. PMID- 813825 TI - Induction of lymphatic leukemia in non-inbred mice and its control with glucocorticoids. The Lucy Wortham James lecture. AB - A set of feedings of a lipid solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene given biweekly by gastric intubation to young adult female mice of the non-inbred CF-1 strain elicited lymphatic leukemia in 73% of the animals in 112 +/- 24 days. Brief ether anesthesia facilitated alimentary administration of hydrocarbons and steroids. Inoculation of whole blood of mice with lymphatic leukemia into the subcutaneous tissue of allogeneic newborn resulted in lymphosarcomas at the injection site sometimes associated with leukemia. The lymphosarcomas of infant mice regressed rapidly following administration of cortisone or dexamethasone. They frequently, but not invariably, recurred; 14% of the mice were free from lymphosarcoma 3 months after treatment with the glucocorticoids. PMID- 813826 TI - What is early diagnosis doing? AB - Programs for the early detection of cancer in the past have been beset with problems of low yield, inability to recruit high risk populations, poor utilization of physicians, and inadequate end results evaluation. Nevertheless, for twelve forms of cancer representing 80% of all cancers and 70% of all cancer mortality there is a useful form of early detection or prevention. Furthermore, the ultimate benefit of early diagnosis to patients is supported by long-term relative survival rate studies, and for certain forms of cancer by reduction in mortality rates as well. Efforts are now underway to develop risk factor detection programs which will overcome some of the aforementioned problems. One such program is the risk factor analysis project, operating in the CANSCREEN clinics, which was designed to detect high risk indicators for cancer which are amenable to intervention by primary prevention or diagnosis and treatment. A triage system with linkages to comprehensive cancer centers has been established and a medical information system prepared for centralized statistical and epidemiological studies. The clinics are operated entirely by nurse examiners and health educators. Results of pilot studies are encouraging with regard to the feasibility of implementing such programs. PMID- 813824 TI - Contamination of agricultural products by halogenated biphenyls. PMID- 813827 TI - Endoscopy and the detection of genitourinary carcinoma. AB - Endoscopy in the detection of urinary tract cancer is one of the primary tools of the urologist. It is used in the localization of bleeding sites, the systematic follow-up in detecting recurrent malignancies, the pathologic staging of carcinoma of the bladder through transurethral biopsy, and the identification and biopsy of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. It is also a prime tool in the diagnosis of ureteral and pelvic tumors through retrograde pyelography, brush biopsy, and urine collection for cytology. Nephroscopy is now also possible for the obscure lesions difficult to diagnose otherwise. Urethroscopy is also important in detecting malignant changes. The various sites for urologic cancer, their incidence, and the role of endoscopy in relation to other means of diagnosis and management are discussed. PMID- 813829 TI - [Nitroglycerin and glaucoma]. PMID- 813828 TI - The anatomy of the pulmonary vascular bed in the toad Bufo marinus. AB - 1. The pulmonary vascular anatomy of the toad, Bufo marinus was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and of tissues prepared for light microscopy. 2. The lung is divided by septa into three orders of alveoli. Arterial branches run in the septa and cannot be observed directly through the lung surface. 3. The capillary bed forms a meshwork over the lumenal surface of septa and lung walls. It is divided into longitudinal zones of arterial distribution; it is broken along primary septal margins into primary alveolar units; within alveoli, it is functionally divided by distortion over circum-alveolar smooth muscle bundles. 4. The capillaries form a network of tubes rather than a perforated sheet of vascular space. Capillary beds on either face of septa are interconnected through the septum. 5. There is no evidence of collateral ("bronchial") vessels or of anatomically definable shunt vessels. 6. Intrinsic pulmonary arterial branches have a muscular coat. PMID- 813830 TI - [Pi system. VI. Evaluation of 2-dimensional electrophoreogram of alpha-1 antitrypsin]. PMID- 813831 TI - [Further information on the infestation of premature children by the microbe Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 813832 TI - [Iatrogenic rachitis - sequelae of a long-term antiepileptic treatment]. PMID- 813833 TI - Tissue distribution, binding properties and lesions produced by dehydroretronecine in the nonhuman primate. AB - Four-month-old rhesus monkeys were injected with 65 mg of [3H] dehydroretronecine per kg body weight and sacrificed at 6,12 and 24 h following injection. By the 24th h 13% of the dose had been eliminated in the urine. Although there were no feces, the extremely high radioactivity of the bile and intestinal contents suggested this route was a major one for the excretion of this compound. The 3H was distributed throughout the body by the 6th h with the greatest percentage being in the skin and muscle. However, per gram of tissue the gastric mucosa and bile showed the highest radioactivity. Likewise, it was in the gastric mucosa that the lesions produced by dehydroretronecine were the most severe. High levels of radioactivity persisted in the gastric mucosal lysates after washings with trichloroacetic acit (TCA) while only a small percentage of the (3)H remained in the washed liver lysate. It was determined that over 20% of the 3H was bound to mucosal protein and less than 1% to the nucleic acids. PMID- 813834 TI - On the mode of action of 5-diazouracil on bacterial cell division. AB - Cell division by strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is inhibited by 5-diazouracil (5-DU). Division recovers in the presence of the inhibitor after a period which is temperature-dependent. Recovery is probably due to breakdown of 5-DU and the rate of this breakdown is apparently increased at alkaline pH. Growth with 5-DU caused only a slight reduction in the rate of murein synthesis and no alteration in the properties or composition of membranes of S. typhimurium. The agent caused chaining in Streptococcus fecalis and inhibition of the penicillin-induced lysis of S. typhimurium. These effects may have been due to direct inhibition of lysin activity but an indirect effect seems more likely. The most marked effect of 5-DU on S. typhimurium was to cause a transient inhibition of DNA synthesis. Since 5-DU did not stop uncoupled cell division (i.e. division occurring independently of DNA replication) and since lon strains were more sensitive to 5-DU than lon+ strains, it was concluded that 5 DU acts on cell division via an inhibitory effect on DNA replication. PMID- 813835 TI - [Eutergine and retinal arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 813836 TI - [Case of unilateral proboscis]. PMID- 813837 TI - Carbamate resistance in Anopheles albimanus. Penetration and metabolism of carbaryl in propoxur-selected larvae. AB - The roles of increased metabolism and reduced penetration as possible mechanisms of resistance to carbaryl were investigated in a strain of A. albimanus from El Salvador in which carbamate and organophosphorus resistance had been induced by laboratory selection with propoxur. Carbaryl was metabolized to N hydroxymethylcarbaryl, 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxycarbaryl and an unidentified metabolite A. The rate of metabolism by the resistant strain was only slightly higher than that by the parental strain. The rate of penetration of carbaryl in the parental strain was nearly twice that in the resistant strain during the first hour of exposure. However, this difference did not persist for as long as 90 min. Because of the low level of carbamate metabolism detected, it was concluded that the high resistance of the strain must be due to the action of some as yet unidentified mechanism, possibly enhanced by factors controlling the penetration and metabolism of the toxicant. PMID- 813838 TI - [Vesicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Y organ of Carcinus maenas L. (Crustacea, Decapoda)]. AB - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Y organ cells consists of vesicular and tubular elements containing a slightly electron dense substance. The contents of these vesicles are released either at the gland surface or within the intercellular spaces. These processes which are concomitant with the hormonal activity preparatory to the molting, may represent the release of crustecdysone or of one of its precursors. PMID- 813839 TI - [The effect of temperature on the reproductive function of female crabs, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius)]. AB - The ovaries of females kept at 15 degrees C in the beginning of autumn, develop the next spring but in most of the crabs maintained at 25 degrees C these glands are still in previtellogenesis at that time. On the contrary, the ovarian development of eyestalkless animals is favoured by a high temperature. The inhibiting pedoncular hormone would then be ordered by the temperature. From the results obtained, it seems that the ovary does not order the appearance of sexual periodic characters. PMID- 813840 TI - [Comparison of the zymograms of isopod (Crustacea, Peracarides) digestive tubes]. AB - The zymograms of the digestive caeca and the intestine in seven species of Isopods are established. The glucidasic activities predominate. A relative proteasic poverty is noted as well as the absence of lipases however, the esterases exist. The enzymatic pattern of the gut suggests its participation in the alimentary digestion. The enzymes distribution allows us to establish relations with the food preference of the animals. Some particularities (trypsin, alpha and beta glucosidase) favour a comparison of the marine species with the supralittoral species on one hand and with terrestrial species on the other. This fact does not exclude however the systematic interest of the zymograms. PMID- 813841 TI - [Juvenile hormone activity in healthy and parasitized adult Anacridium aegyptium (Insecta, Orthoptera) during and after experimental termination of diapause]. AB - The content of juvenile hormone in the haemolymph of Anacridium, normal and infected by Metacemyia (Diptera Tachinidae), has been evaluated by the Galleria bioassay. In all the diapausing locusts, the level of juvenile hormone is very low. It is slightly increased in the males and the parasited animals. In all the locusts,, activated by electrostimulations of the pars intercerebralis, the level of juvenile hormone is high. It is the highest in the infected females with an inhibited vitellogenesis. The allata system cannot therefore be implicated in parasitic castration. PMID- 813842 TI - [Proximo-distal motor coordination in the locomotive appendages of the lobster]. AB - In the walking legs, mechanical stimulation of the single chordotonal organ (CB) elicits a reflex response in the muscles of the different joints. The result presented can explain the role of the heterosegmental proprioceptive reflexes in the patterned motor activity. PMID- 813843 TI - [The effect of pregnant mare's serum on the level of K+ ions in the immature rat ovary]. AB - Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin enhanced potassium level in immature rat ovaries in comparison with controls, three hours after intravenous injection. In vivo 42K uptake was also 36% higher (p less than or equal to 0,01) in PMSG primed rat ovaries. This response was specific to the ovary. Experiments are carried out to determine correlation between K+ level and macromolecule biosynthesis. PMID- 813844 TI - [The effect of 1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in magnesium-deficient rats]. PMID- 813845 TI - [Immunofluorescence study of LHRF producing neurons in cebidae]. AB - LRF producing neurons have been demonstrated in the Cebidae by the use of an antiserum against unconjugated synthetic LRF. These neurons are mainly localized in the medio basal hypothalamus and in the terminal lamina. Their axons form two different tracts, the first ending around the capillaries of the primary portal plexus and the second at the level of the vascular organ of terminal lamina and of its ependyma. PMID- 813846 TI - [Mercury pollution of the superficial sediments of the Gulf of Lion]. AB - Mercury pollution in the superficial sediments of the continental shelf of the golfe du Lion, is characterized by an important extension in its eastern part, which is under the direct influence of the Rhone river, and more limited and fragmented in itw western part. Between both these zones, territories with low contamination persist, of which the hydrodynamism prevents the advance of dense particles containing mercury. PMID- 813847 TI - [Hemorheology. Erythrocyte aggregation and non-Newtonian properties of blood: new rheological law and the validity of Casson's law for blood]. AB - The rheological behaviour tau = tau(gamma), deduced from the relation (see article), where alpha = alpha(gamma) is an "aggregation" coefficient, is studied. This relation is shown to be in very good agreement with Casson's law, and is able to banish some difficulties met in application of this law to hemorheology. PMID- 813848 TI - [A Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner mutant resistant to oxytetracycline, with temperature-sensitive sporulation]. AB - Sporulation of an oxytetracycline-resistant mutant is blocked at 37 degrees C and delayed at 30 degrees C; shift up and shift down (30-37 degrees C) and assays of some extra- and intracellular enzymes show that an early event (stage II) is concerned. PMID- 813849 TI - [Ultrastructure of the lateral vessel walls of the tube of Bonellia (Bonellia viridis, Echiuridae)]. AB - The present studies show the presence of a singular structure: a myoepithelial syncytium with the bases of the cells being embedded in a hypertrophied basal lamina containing collagen, in which bundles of muscular fibers also penetrate. The cells forming a vascular pseudo-endothelium are probably immobilised haemocytes. PMID- 813850 TI - [Ultrastructure of the blood cells present in the Y organ of Carcinus maenas L. (Crustacea, Decapoda)]. AB - Ultrastructural characters of the hemocytes in the Y organ of Carcinus maenas lead us to assimilate these cells to the "granulocytes". In the degenerating glands, these hemocytes evolve towards a peculiar physiological state: they show a phagocytic activity which confers on them macrophagic properties. PMID- 813851 TI - [Modulation of 17-alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone or gonadotropic extract activity on the in vitro intrafollicular maturation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) oocytes by various steroids lacking maturing activity]. AB - The efficiency of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha-20 beta Pg) or of a Trout pituitary gonadotropic extract to induce intrafollicular maturation of trout oocytes can be modulated by some steroids which do not present any direct maturing action: gonadotropic extract efficiency is lowered by estradiol and estrone, and enhanced by testosteron. As these steroids do not present a significant effect on 17 alpha-20 beta Pg induced maturation, their site of action may be located in the follicular tissues. The corticosteroids, particularly cortisol and cortisone enhance the maturing efficiency of gonadotropin and stimulate much more strongly the efficiency of 17 alpha-20 beta Pg. This suggests a direct effect on oocyte sensitivity to 17 alpha-20 beta Pg. PMID- 813852 TI - [The effect of a juvenile hormone mimetic on the ovarian function of allatectomized females of Labidura riparia (Insecta, Dermaptera]. AB - The methyl-3, 7, 11-trimethyl-11-chlorine-2-dodecanoate, a Juvenile Hormone analogue, used at different doses on allatectomised females of Labidura riparia, starts a vitellogenesis, a rapid disappearance of follicular degenerations and in some cases an intensive eggs laying. However, neither the normal reproductive cycle nor the parental comportment have been reconstituted. PMID- 813853 TI - [Variations in blood testosterone levels of prepubertal foxes and during the seasonal genital cycle of the adult male fox (Vupes vulpes) in captivity]. AB - Plasma testosterone levels have been determined by radioimmunoassay on peripheral venous blood samples of young and adult foxes at different times of their genital activity. In the cub, the testosterone levels increase from November to January; at this time, the young is pubescent. In the adult, the testosterone levels are low from April to November. At this time, the levels increase and reach a maximum value from December to February, which is the mating season. Some high testosterone levels observed in summer prove that the endocrine activity of the testis persists during the out-breeding season. PMID- 813854 TI - [Stimulation of rat ovarian adenyl cyclase by methylated luteinizing hormone (LH). The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid]. AB - A comparative study was made of the stimulation of rat ovary adenyl cyclase by ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) and its methylated drrivative (obtained by reductive alkylation of the lysine residues). The apparent Km (half maximal activity) of native LH and methylated LH was similar but the maximal activity obtained with the methylated derivative was significantly higher (1.2-1.8 times). When EDTA was added to the incubation medium the maximal activity obtained with the methylated LH diminished and became even lower than that obtained with native LH. PMID- 813855 TI - [Relationship between testosterone binding proteins and testosterone and LH plasma concentrations in the young bull]. AB - Plasma levels of testosterone and LH were measured by radioimmunoassay from blood samples of young bulls of 9 to 15 months of age. The binding constants of specific testosterone binding plasma proteins were determined from the same samples. No significant difference of these values could be seen during the 25 hr. sampling period, contrary to large fluctuations in testosterone and LH plasma concentrations. But, the testosterone binding constants values were significantly lower after puberty (15 months) than at 9 and 12 months of age. PMID- 813856 TI - [Effect of the destruction of the pars intercerebralis on molting in Aeshne cyanes Mull. larva (Insecta, Odonata)]. AB - The cauterization of the pars intercerebralis blocks the moulting process in Aeshna. The critical period for this experiment has been determined in the 2 last instars. After this period brain cautery only delays moulting without preventing this process. Cauterization of the pars intercerebralis after the critical period of the prothoracic gland activity does not affect moulting in any way. PMID- 813857 TI - [Energetic requirements of finch populations (Fringilla montifringilla) in relation to the cultivation of maize (Zea mais) in France from 1955 to 1973)]. AB - A study of the relations between the size of the concentrations observed and the primary production shows the roles played in the adaptation of a species to a new habitat by quantity of energy produced by the habitat, sociability of the birds, and circulation of information between individuals. PMID- 813858 TI - [The effect of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength in the millimeter range on bacterial growth]. AB - The study on the growth of E. coli cells under low power microwave irradiation the frequency of which can vary between 70 and 75 GHz, demonstrates that in the neighbourhood of 70.5 and 73 GHz a slowdown of growth is most frequently observed. On the contrary, the survival is not altered as long as the power of the irradiation is low. The irradiation does not induce lesions in DNA, whatever the frequency may be. PMID- 813859 TI - [Preliminary studies on chromatin subunits by freeze-etching]. AB - We show that freeze-etching electron microscopy preserves and visualizes chromatin structure at level 25 A. Chromatin depleted of histone H 1 is observed to consist of subunits each having a central asymmetric core of DNA and protein 100 by 120 A. Around this core is wound a loop of DNA containing about 130 base pairs and perhaps some protein. PMID- 813860 TI - [DNA-intercalating compounds. Synthesis of acridine dimers]. AB - Several alpha, omega, di(2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-acridinyl) polyaza-alkanes have been prepared starting from 6, 9-dichloro-2-methoxy acridine. Some acridine dimers are able to bind to DNA with a very high affinity, both aromatic rings being intercalated. PMID- 813861 TI - [Endocardial resection: surgical treatment of constrictive fibrous endocarditis]. AB - A new operation, the resection of the endocardium, is proposed in the case of fibrous constrictive endocarditis. I performed this operation in 1971, for the first time, with good results. I operated on two other patients with success in 1973 and 1975. The results I have obtained indicate that this new technique is possibly the answer to a disease which otherwise ultimately results in death. PMID- 813862 TI - [Study of proteins binding radioactive indium in vivo]. AB - After in vivo infusion, radio-active indium is fixed by liver and bone marrow, but more slowly and less completely than iron. It does not incorporate to haem. It is found as labelled ferritin in the liver, after the fifth day. In the bone marrow, indium is almost exclusively found as labelled transferrin; several arguments suggest the intra-cellular site of the labelled protein. Using indium may enable a better knowledge of the intermediary iron pools. PMID- 813863 TI - [Spiriopsis adipophila Arvy and Peters 1972 (=Spirinella edipophila Arvy and Delage 1966), parasite of Ephemeroptera, is a sporozoan]. AB - The occurrence of micronemes and paraglycogen in the cytoplasm of Spiriopsis adipophila (Arvy and Delage 1966) Arvy and Peters 1972, incites us to consider this parasite of Ephemeroptera larvae as the infesting stage of a Sporozoon. It could be in fact a new member of the Barrouxiidae, a family of Coccidia parasitic in Insects and Centipedes which are characterized by the production of monozoic spores. PMID- 813864 TI - [The biology and polygyny of the ant Tapinoma simrothi phoenicium Emery]. AB - Laying and nesting start in winter. The society is strictly polygynous. All the fertilized females participate in the laying. After the nuptial flight, the founders cohabit and together form a new society. The pullulation and resistance of this species is explained by its polygymy. PMID- 813865 TI - [Feather- and hair-forming properties of dermal cells of glabrous skin from bird and mammals]. AB - The absence of cutaneous appendages in glabrous skin areas of birds and mammals rises from the incapacity of the dermis to trigger off the development of feather and hair buds. The dermal cells from avian or mammalian glabrous regions are however able to induce the continuation and completion of feather or hair morphogenesis respectively, provided the initiation of appendage bud formation has been triggered off by dermis from feather- or hair-forming regions. PMID- 813866 TI - [Mitochondrial reorganization after HCG stimulation of Leydig cells from hypophysectomized hogs]. AB - One to three months after hypophysectomy, porcine Leydig cells contain numerous dense bodies surrounded by a single membrane and crowded with dense rods geometrically arranged. In organotypic culture with HCG they undergo a striking evolution which leads first to intermediate bodies looking like peroxysomes and then to mitochondrial structures. This evolution is quantitatively reduced in a medium without HCG. PMID- 813867 TI - [The effect of the larva's host plant (Apium graveolens L.) on the egg-laying and the ovarian production of Philophylla heraclei L. (Dipters, Terphritidae)]. AB - Celery leaves--hostplant for larvae--have no trophic importance for adults and are not a site of rendez-vous. But their presence, even for four hours a day, strongly stimulates ovarian production, independently from egg-laying which varies with leaves age. PMID- 813869 TI - [Cyclic reproductive activity in bathyal and abyssel deep-sea fishes]. AB - A female of the rare Brotulid fish Cataetyx laticeps has been caught; it contained a great number of larvae all of the same size. Growth marks can be noticed on its otoliths as well as on those of various species caught to the depth of 4 700 m. They are indications of a cyclic activity in the abyssal depths. PMID- 813868 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins of Anomalocers patersoni (Copepods, Pontellidea) and evidence for esterase activity. Elements of biochemical sexual dimorphism]. AB - Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel of total proteins and esterases of the Copepod Anomalocera patersoni shows the existence of intraspecific variability. Some of these variations represent sexual differences which are an expression of a biochemical sexual dimorphism. PMID- 813871 TI - [A partially inheritable aging influence on a non-Mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Some crosses between strains of Drosophila melanogaster give rise to F1 females, which display a quite characteristic kind of incomplete sterility (S.F. females). The sterility appears to result from the interaction between two factors, "I" brought by the male parent, "R" by the female parent, neither of which behave like classical mendelian genes. In this paper, results are presented which demonstrate that the level of sterility of an S.F. female depends on the age of its maternal ancestors. Therefore, aging of a reproducing female induces variations in the "R" factor which are inherited and behave like "dauermodifikation". PMID- 813870 TI - [Evidence of benzo-3, 4-pyrene in the water and organic sediments of briny pools of polynesian atolls. Biotic and abiotic factors]. AB - The presence of 3,4-benzopyrene is reported in samples of water and sediments from three briny ponds free from pollution of exogenous origin belonging to three different atolls of Polynesia. The synthesis of this hydrocarbon seems to be dependent on the presence of abundant phytoplancton and of bacterial flora. PMID- 813874 TI - [Structural transitions of the Torpedo cholinergic receptor in its membrane state as demonstrated by a fluorescent local anesthetic: quinacrine]. AB - Differential fluorescence emissions of receptor-rich membrane fragments prepared from Torpedo marmorata electric organ and labelled by a fluorescent local anesthetic quinacrine are obtained by energy transfer. Addition of a cholinergic effector causes two classes of structural transitions, fast and slow, which are related to the agonist or antagonist character of the ligand. PMID- 813872 TI - [Determinism of the displacements of the first stage larvae of Acrolepiopsis (Acrolepia) assectella Zell. (Lepidoptera) in the host plant]. AB - The leek-moth digs straight mines towards the base of the plant. Experiments show that this orientation would be essentially the consequence of the morphological structure and of the physiological activity of the host-plant while geotactism had little influence on the behaviour of the leaf-miner. PMID- 813873 TI - [Nearest-neighbor relationships among 50S ribosomal proteins of E. coli]. AB - Dimethyl suberimidate has been used to study the proximity relations between E. coli 50 S ribosomal proteins. The composition of two cross-linked protein complexes has been determined; one is a quaternary complex containg proteins L2, L20, L27 and L32-33, and the other is a ternary complex containing proteins L2, L13 and L20. The vicinity of these proteins in the ribosome is discussed. PMID- 813876 TI - [The role of the rat in the dynamics of endemic schistosomias in Guadeloupe]. AB - In Guadeloupe (French Lesser Antilles), because they are simultaneously infested with Schistosoma mansoni, which causes the human intestinal schistosomiasis, and Ribeiroia marini, a Trematode which sterilizes the Mollusk-host of the schistosoma, the rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) seem able to influence, at least locally, the infestation of the human population. PMID- 813877 TI - [Karyotype of Nicotiana tabacum L. artificial haploids]. AB - Twenty-five platelets obtained by culturing anthers of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. "Wisconsin 38" are haploids (22) or mixoploids (3). Numerous aneuhaploid cells were observed in 15 haploid plants (n = 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28). Such a chromosomic variability careful caryological studies of haploid plants before these are used in genetic work. PMID- 813875 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the reticulated cellular structures induced in Lepidoptera by baculovirus]. AB - Five of six Baculovirus species studied induce cytoplasmic and nuclear fibrous sheets, observed by electron microscopy, within infected cells of lepidopterous. The reticulated structures, revealed by fluorescence microscopy, assimilate the fibrillar substance induced by these viruses thanks to the affinity they show for globulins of healthy rabbits. PMID- 813878 TI - [Ultrastructure of the clypeal gland of male spiders of the genus Argyrodes (Theridiidae)]. AB - The electronomicroscopic study of the clypeal gland of Argyrodes gibbosus (Lucas, 1846) shows a secretion which flows through excretory, intracellular canaliculi which pass through the integument. PMID- 813879 TI - [Electron microscopic identification of thymidine-incorporating cells in a population with a low turnover rate. Application to deep lung cells]. AB - Many cells difficult to identify by photon microscopy were identified by using serial thin and semithin epoxy section. This procedure made it possible to carry out significant statistical analysis on a restricted number of sections. When applied to the study of cell renewal in the deep lung, each cellular proliferation could be quantified. PMID- 813880 TI - [Evolution of the Y organs in certain Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flagellifera)]. AB - After having completed their puberty (terminal) molt, males of Sphaeroma serratum, Sphaeroma hookeri and Cymodoce truncata present a degeneration of their Y organs. The degenerative process lasts 1 to 1,5 months in reared animals: it results in a reducing length of Y organs, while nucleus become less numerous and cellular fragments appear. On the contrary, in females of these species, Y organs seem to remain up to death. These facts are perhaps a general characteristic of the family Sphaeromatidae. PMID- 813881 TI - [Adsorption on "Porapak Q" of the effluvia emitted by virgin females of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Identification of tetradecene-11(E)al-1, principal sex pheromone of this species]. AB - Air which had been drawn over virgin female Choristoneura fumiferana was passed through "Porapak Q", in this way an extract containing all the volatile compounds emitted by the insect may be obtained. (E)-11-tetradecenal but not (E)-11 tetradecen-1-ol was identified among the components of the extract. The latter compound, an inhibitor of the aldehyde, has previously been shown to be present in the secretory gland of the insect. PMID- 813882 TI - [Postural adjustment associated with cat movement]. AB - The experiments were undertaken in order to investigate the relationship between movement and associated postural adjustment. Cats were accustomed to standing quietly in a restraining hammock. Each forelimb was supported by a tray equipped with strain gauge transducers in order to measure the postural forces exerted by the limbs. Flexion of one forelimb was elicited by stimulation of the motor cortex, the red nucleus or the superficial radial nerve. Unloading of the forelimb undergoing flesion was associated with loading of the other forelimb. The loading resulted from a postural adjustment which was elicited together with movement by the central or peripheral stimulation. Movement and postural adjustment are linked by a common central command. PMID- 813883 TI - [Electrical activity of the medio-basal cells of the hypothalamus of the ewe after estrogen injection]. AB - Single intravenous injections of estradiol benzoate in castrated, progesteron primed ewes, appeared to activate 34% of the cells located in the hypothalamus, namely in infundibular and ventromedial nuclei. 53% of the activated cells exhibited a typical bursting pattern of discharge. The increase in the mean firing rate could be transitory or durable. PMID- 813884 TI - [Enzyme activities in the gills of benthic filter feeders (ascidia)]. AB - The gill of Ciona intestinalis, Phallusia mammillata, Styela plicata and Microcosmus sabatieri is the seat of enzymatic activities. alpha-amylases as well as proteases secreted into the mucus might start the digestion of the filtered organic particles. As for the proteasic activity, only a chymotrypsine-like enzyme could be detected and localized. PMID- 813885 TI - [Ultrastructure aspects of myoseptum formation in embryos of the common toad Bufo bufo L. (Amphibia, Anoura)]. AB - The formation of myosepts of the toad is characterized by three stages in early development. At the first stage, the somitic cells give off some pseudopods and many collagen fibres. At the second stage, the newwork of collagen fibers grows denser but pseudopods retract. In the end, at the third stage, the collagen fibres disappear and secreting fibroblasts are seen in the myosepts. PMID- 813886 TI - [The effects of anterio-posterior and dorso-ventral inversions of the lateral mesoblast of the neurula on the formation of the mesonephric, medullary, and adrenal anlage of the common toad, Bufo bufo L. (Amphibia, Anoura)]. AB - The experimental results of cranio-caudal reversal and dorso-ventral reversal of the lateral mesoblast of the toad early neurula prove that, at this stage, the cranio-caudal polarity of this tissue is fixed but not the dorso-ventral one. External factors are responsible for the formation of mesonephric, adrenal and gonadal medullary anlage by the lateral mesoblast. PMID- 813887 TI - [The interaction of acetylcholinesterase with thioridazine chlorohydrate and thiazinamium methylsulfate]. AB - In reaction mixture containing 0,1 M NaCl and acetylcholine used as substrate, the kinetics of the inhibition of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) by thioridazine hydrochloride and thiazinamium methylsulfate imply the simultaneous binding of two thioridazine or thiazinamium molecules at the free enzyme and of two thioridazine molecules at the acetylated enzyme. These observations corroborate the functional participation in the inhibition mechanism of a peripheral anionic site distinct from the anionic subsite of the active center of the enzyme. PMID- 813888 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxy-9-ellipticine]. AB - The anti-inflammatory activity of 9-hydroxy-ellipticine is studied through various experimental models. It is particularly interesting in the guinea-pig cutaneous erythema, in the carragenin-induced oedema and in the adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in the rat. It appears in immune or non-immune induced inflammatory responses. Its important thymolytic activity can be related to its immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 813889 TI - [Demonstration of direct projections between the ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum and the visual cortex of the cat using a peroxidase technique]. AB - Using a retrograde tracer technique with horseradish peroxidase, we have identified the afferent connections to the visual cortex from the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (locus coeruleus, nucleus parabrachialis medialis and nucleus parabrachialis lateralis) as well as from the dorsal raphe nucleus. PMID- 813890 TI - [Ultrastructure of the "rudimentary secretory photoreceptors" (RSP) of the embryonic pineal body of Lacerta vivipara J. (Reptilia, Lacertilia) and the origin of the RSP of Sauropsida]. AB - The "secretory rudimentary photoreceptor-cells" of Lacerta vivipara J., during embryonic stages, exhibit photosensory differentiations (disks). Our ontogenetic observations agree with the phylogenetic studies and support the concept of a "sensory cell line" (Colin, 1969) in the pineal organ of vertebrates. PMID- 813891 TI - [Preliminary results on the ultrastructure of the molting gland (Y organ) of normal and Sacculina carcini parasitized crabs]. AB - The Y organ of Carcinus mediterraneus parasitized by Sacculina carcini and of normal Crabs at the C4 stage of the intermolt cycle have the same ultrastructure. At this stage the secretory activity of the Y organ appears to be reduced. PMID- 813892 TI - [Purine metabolism in cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells: adenosine utilization]. AB - 14C-adenosine is incorporated very little inot nucleic acids of Drosophila cells cultured in a medium free of foetal calf serum. The greater part of the radioactivity is recovered in inosine and hypoxanthine. These results suggest that the principal pathway of ultilization of adenosine is not mediated by adenosine kinase. Adenosine is rapidly deaminated to inosine by adenosine deaminase, and cleaved to hypoxanthine by inosine phosphorylase. Inosine and hypoxanthine not being substrates for Drosophila cell lines, are released into the culture medium. PMID- 813893 TI - [Comparison of the effects of di-n-propylacetate and oxazepam on spontaneous and conditioned responses in mice]. AB - When effects of di-n-propylacetate (nDPA) on various patterns of behaviour in mice in "novel environment" tests are compared with the effects of oxazepam, it appears that the stimulating action of nDPA is more evident than its antianxiety effects. Learning seems to be facilitated by this stimulating action. PMID- 813894 TI - [Isotopic equilibrium and thyroid secretion]. AB - The long-term iodine turnover (140 days) of thyroid gland and plasma has been studied in rats in a steady state and receiving either 5 (group 5) or 50 (group 50) mug of iodine daily. At 60 days, the turnover of Thyroglobin is total (group 50) or 80% (group 5) but is total for PBI in the two groups. An iodine pool with a very slow turnover participates neither in the PBI secretion nor in the iodide recycling within the gland. PMID- 813895 TI - [Indirect effect of the larval food of an alternative host (Galleria mellonella L., Lepidoptera, Galleriidae) on the reproduction of an entomophagous insect (Lixophaga distraeae Towns, Dipt. Tachinidae)]. AB - G. mellonella reared on its natural food, beeswax and pollen, is not suitable for a continuous rearing of L. diatraeae. As a matter of fact, L. diatraeae cannot be maintained for more than 10 generations on G. mellonella because the effect of adverse factors during the larval stage progressively reduces both mating rate and female fertility. But adding vitamin E to the natural larval food of G. mellonella eliminates these reproduction disturbances of the parasite, and L. diatraeae rearing can be continued on this alternative host, the diet of which has been enriched with vitamin E. PMID- 813896 TI - [Use of the feral pigeon (Columba livia) to monitor atmospheric lead pollution]. AB - Pigeons living in cities show a large accumulation of lead in their bodies. The lead concentration in their lungs and bones varied according to the pollution level of their territory caused by automobile gas exhausts. PMID- 813897 TI - [Use of bioelectric impedance measurements as a control in the cryodestruction of normal or pathological tissue in vivo]. AB - Using an original device including cryoprobes and a measurement apparatus to evaluate bioelectrical impedances, the authors have accurately determined the zone of irreversible cellular injury after cryotherapy. PMID- 813898 TI - [Properties of a hemagglutinin isolated from the seeds of Vicia graminea]. AB - A lectin is isolated from Vicia graminea seeds; it is purified from a crude extract after a precipitation with ammonium sulfate "DEAE"-cellulose chromatography and "sephadex G 150" gel filtration. Its homogeneity is demonstrated by different methods. It is a glycoprotein with 7.3% of carbohydrates. The native lectin is found to have a molecular weight about 100 000 and the subunit molecular weight is estimated to be 25 000 daltons. The lectin agglutinates only N erythrocytes and it is not mitogenic. The Vicia graminea lectin is the first anti N lectin which has been purified and characterized. PMID- 813899 TI - [The mechanism controlling the crossing of the vector's stomach wall by microfilariae (Dipetalonema dessetae-Aedes aegypti)]. AB - In some of the human filariasis, the number of microfiliariae which succeed in crossing the vector's stomach wall is smaller when the number of ingested microfilariae is larger (limitation). In the couple Dipetalonema dessetae-Aedes aegypti, this phenomenon appears to be due to a specific lysis of the stomach cells invaded by the microfilariae. This reaction is started when the microfilariae are very numberous. There is "information" transmitted to the whole of the vector's stomach. PMID- 813900 TI - [The effect of harmaline on sodium transport across isolated Rana esculents skin and Astacus leptodactylus branchiae]. AB - Harmaline stimulates transport of sodium through the isolated frog skin when the alkaloid is added at low concentration (10(-5) to 10(-6) M) to the external medium. In the same conditions, it inhibits in vivo transport of sodium through the gills of the crayfish. It is proposed that these effects do not involve a (Na + K) ATPase but are the result of an interaction between harmaline and the sites of penetration of sodium on the external surface. PMID- 813902 TI - [Plasma and testicular levels of testosterone and androstenedione during puberty in guinea pigs]. AB - In male Guinea-pig, hormonal puberty is situated about the 50th day; at this moment production rate of testosterone reaches its maximum during post-natal life. This hormonal puberty period is preceded by a prepuberty period, marked by a sharp linear increase of plasmatic and testicular testosterone levels, which starts on the 16th day, long before spermatozoids became apparent. PMID- 813901 TI - [Termination of imaginal diapause of female Tetrix undulate (Sow.) (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) by implantation of the corpora allata of an active female Locusta migratoria]. AB - The effect of implanted active corpora allata on the reproductive diapause in adult females of grasshopper, Tetrix undulata (Sow.) was investigated. Implantation of one corpus allatum originating from sexually mature, adult female Locusta migratoria donors effectively terminated reproductive diapause by inducing oocyte development and egg-laying. The diapause-break is the same in females reared at 8, 12, 16 hours light at 30 degrees or 25-20 degrees. There is no difference between females reared with male or without male. PMID- 813903 TI - [Plasma progesterone of ewes at the end of the gestational period after destruction of the fetal hypophysis. Effect of dexamethasone administration]. AB - Destruction of the foetal pituitary has been performed in ewes at day 120 of pregnancy and progesterone has been assayed by radioimmunology. The plasma progesterone remains at a steady level from day 138 and throughout the prolongation of pregnancy, even after injection of dexamethasone on day 145. PMID- 813904 TI - [Electrophysiological study of the blinking reflex of Macacus cynomolgus]. AB - An electromyographic study of the blink reflex has been undertaken in the monkey Macacus cynomolgus. Reflex responses were evoked by stimulating trigeminal or facial afferent pathways and their modifications studied when a conditioning stimulus was applied to other afferences. The response may have two components (R1 = short latency, R2 = long latency) but R1 was only present after stimulating the ipsilateral supra-orbital nerve, whereas R2 alone occurred when either facial or contralateral supra-orbital nerves were stimulated. Previous stimulations of facial or contralateral supra-orbital nerves resulted in a facilitation of the reflex followed by some inhibition of R1 and R2 which became complete when the time interval was sufficient. The responses were depressed from 5 c/s (R1) or 2 c/s (R2). PMID- 813906 TI - [Social communication in Agelena consociate D. (Araneida, Labidognatha)]. AB - The aim of the present work is : 1. to discover the communication channels of social spider communities peacefully living, working and hunting in concert; 2. to determine ways of reducing their tendency to congregate; 3. to break their mutual tolerance; 4. likewise to trigger a reciprocal aggressiveness. Finally it is assumed that the anterior tarsi, the palps and the web are the fundamental supports of the social communication system. PMID- 813905 TI - [Transplantation into the blastocoel of Pleurodeles waltlii Michah., of blastomers isolated from blocked blastulae obtained from interspecific nuclear transplants between Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw. and Ambystoma dumerilii Duges (urodele amphibians)]. AB - Ectodermic blastomeres from arrested nucleocytoplasmic blastulae obtained by nuclear graft between Ambystoma mexicanum (A. m.) and Ambystoma dumerilii (A. d.), are transplanted in the blastocoele of recipient Pleurodeles waltlii blastulae. Histo-autoradiographic analysis shows that hybrid cells have cellular affinities and multiplication capacities very different from normal Ambystoma mexicanum blastulae isolated cells. The possibility that a revitalisation of lethal blastomeres can occur should not be retained. PMID- 813907 TI - [Hemocytic reactions in lepidoptera pupae. Intensity of the reaction as a function of its localization in Pieris brassicae]. AB - Quantitative studies were made on cellular capsules formed in diapause pupae of Pieris brassicae. A simple procedure is to implant pieces of nylon thread in hemocoele. Differences have been noticed in the vigour of the reaction at different regions of the pupae : the haemocytic reaction was less vigorous in the central region of pupae than in the distal ones. PMID- 813908 TI - [Paramagnetism of activated amino acids]. AB - In continuation of magnetic work on intracellular active fractions, the author, as in first part of previous work, studies the biological synthesis of proteins. He shows that in activating AA, ATP gives them strong paramagnetism and the data values of massic susceptibilities for 21 of them are given. The homogeneity of results suggest the appearance of one free electron and subsequent paramagnetism. PMID- 813910 TI - [Transplantation immunity in nemerteans of the genus Lineus. Accelerated rejection of second heterospecific incompatible grafts]. PMID- 813909 TI - [Comparative subcellular localization of para-hydroxylated derivatives of ephedrine and amphetamine in rat brain]. AB - Localisation of noradrenaline, hydroxyamphetamine, hydroxynorephedrine and hydroxyephedrine was studied in adrenergic granules of rat's brain in normal animals and in animals injected with hydroxy-6 dopamine. In normal animals the synaptosomes fixed noradrenaline, first and then, in decreasing order, hydroxynorephedrine, hydroxyephedrine and hydroxyamphetamine. Hydroxy-6 dopamine injection resulted in a decrease of fixation by synaptosomes, thus confirming the role of central false-transmitters of hydroxylated derivatives of amphetamine and ephedrine. PMID- 813911 TI - Heart rate and arterial blood pressure during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Effects of training and of nitroglycerin. AB - In 29 patients with typical exertional angina pectoris, intra-arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and the rate-pressure product (RPP = HR X SBP X 10(-2) were continuously recorded during repeated bouts of leg or arm exercise. Development of chest pain was independent of the workload and occurred at a fairly constant value of RPP, of HR, and of SBP in each patient for a given type of exercise, but the pain threshold values for all three variables were consistently higher during arm exercise than during leg exercise. The reproducibility of the pain threshold values was assessed for leg exercise. The variation, based on individual coefficients of variation, ranged from 1.3% to 13% (group mean, about 6%). There was no significant difference between the SBP values obtained by the traditional, noninvasive cuff technique and the values during intra-arterial monitoring. In 25 patients a physical training program of an average of three months increased the maximal amount of work (watt X sec) performed before onset of pain by 100%. The most conspicuous effect of training on cardiac function was a 10% reduction of HR at a given workload, SBP being unchanged. Over-all, the data suggest that the increased exercise capacity caused by training could be accounted for by the reduction in the relation between RPP and external workload. The improvement in exercise capacity resulting from training was on the same level of magnitude as the 90% increase obtained in 11 untrained patients after administration of 0.25 to 0.50 mg of nitroglycerine sublingually prior to exercise. In contrast to the finding after training, nitroglycerin administered to subjects increased HR by 10%, but reduced SBP by 13%, RPP remaining unchanged. Therefore to explain the effect of nitroglycerin on exercise capacity additional economizing changes in myocardial performance (e.g., reduction of heart volume) are required. PMID- 813913 TI - The effect of diphenylhydantoin on the microbial assay of serum folate. AB - 1. Two modifications fo the usual method of assay for folic acid in solutions are reported which appear to improve this procedure. These are a reduction of incubation time and dilution with 95% ethanol. 2. Experimental results are reported which indicate that Dilantin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin) does not interfere with the microbiological assay for folic acid. PMID- 813912 TI - Antibodies mediating type I skin test reactions to polysaccharide and protein antigens of Candida albicans. AB - Immediate, type I, prick test reactions in man to purified fractions of Candida albicans group A were mediated by different classes of antibody. The allergens were the cell-wall polysaccharide, mannan, and 'purified' cytoplasmic protein fraction, free of mannan, prepared by passage through Sepharose-concanavalin-A. Passive transfer tests in the monkey gave immediate reactions, (1) to the purified, cytoplasmic, protein mediated by heat-labile long-term sensitizing antibody, and (2) to the polysaccharide, mannan, mediated by heat-stable short term sensitizing antibody. PMID- 813914 TI - Complement C3 in serum and plasma, as measured by radial immunodiffusion with four commercial kits. AB - Quantitation of the C3 component of complement by single radial immunodiffusion is subject to error because the C3 molecule has several antigenic determinants and anti-C3 sera differ in their specificity to these determinants. C3 was measured in plasma (ethylenediaminetetraacetate anticoagulant) and serum, in five normal individuals, by use of four such commercial kits. The effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and of incubation at -20, 4, and 37 degrees C for 1, 2, and 7 days were investigated. We found wide variations in C3 in the same sample, as measured with different kits. Incubation for longer than 48 h at 4 degrees C changed C3 concentrations as compared to those in fresh samples. Reference sera for C3 assay and standardized procedures for sample processing are both essential to valid results. PMID- 813915 TI - Two IgM paraproteins differing in carbohydrate content in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - Two IgM paraproteins of different electrophoretic mobility were detected in the serum of a patient with Waldenstrom's disease. Both were type kappa, existed as high molecular weight polymers, and contained J-chain. The faster-moving protein contained a greater amount of carbohydrate, in both H and L chains. PMID- 813916 TI - Antiserum raised against human pancreatic alpha-amylase. AB - Isozymes of human pancreatic alpha-amylase were used as immunogens to raise antisera in rabbits. These antisera were unable to differentiate between the two isoamylases but produced an almost total inhibition of serum amylase activity when used at a dilution of 1 : 5000. Similar inhibition patterns were produced with the salivary and urinary enzymes as well as with serum from a patient with acute pancreatitis. No cross reactivity of the antisera with hog pancreatic amylase was observed and only at antiserum concentrations of 1 : 5000 and above was ther any inhibition of monkey serum amylase. The degree of inhibition observed varied with the size of the substrate but was not increased by the use of a second antibody. PMID- 813917 TI - Prolactin concentrations in patients with acromegaly: clinical significance and response to surgery. AB - Basal serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in forty patients with acromegaly. GH concentrations were elevated in all patients studied before treatment and prolactin levels were raised in seven of twenty-six patients. Of the thirty-two patients reviewed after treatment (which in most cases was transsphenoidal hypophysectomy) twenty-five had GH concentrations below 5 ng/ml and twenty-nine had normal prolactin levels. In eighteen patients hormone measurements were made both before and after hypophysectomy: though GH levels fell in all but one, prolactin fell in only six patients. They were not significantly changed in eleven patients. There was no correlation of GH and prolactin either before or after surgery. Seven patients had greatly elevated prolactin levels and in four of these there was evidence of upward extension of a pituitary tumour on air encephalogram (AEG). Only one patient with a normal prolactin level had an abnormal AEG. Two patients with elevated prolactin concentrations and normal AEGs had a parallel fall of prolactin and GH in response to surgery. Four of the five hyperprolactinaemic men complained of loss of libido: in three gonadotrophin concentrations before and after treatment were normal. We conclude that there is no overall correlation of GH and prolactin levels in patients with acromegaly. Seven of twenty-six untreated patients (27%) had hyperprolactinaemia. We suggest that in these patients a raised prolactin level may be due either to interference with the normal inhibitory control mechanism of prolactin by suprasellar extension or, more rarely, to secretion of both GH and prolactin by the tumour itself. A high prolactin concentration may be the cause of the impotence of which some patients with acromegaly complain. PMID- 813918 TI - Endocrine function in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 813920 TI - An unusual partial trisomy 13. PMID- 813919 TI - Delayed adjustment of the pituitary response to variations in circulating thyroid hormones in a case of subacute thyroiditis. AB - In a case of subacute de Quervain thyroiditis characterized by a period of pronounced hypermetabolism followed by hypometabolism, levels of T4, T3 and the TSH response to TRH were repeatedly measured. As expected, the response to TRH was absent or low during the hypermetabolic phase, high during the hypometabolic phase and returned to normal with recovery. However, at the beginning and at the end of the hypometabolic phase, while circulating levels of T3 and T4 both lay in the subnormal range, two periods of inadequate response to TRH could be demonstrated. During the first period, the response to TRH was zero or very small; during the second period, stimulation by TRH was exaggerated. The response to TRH thus depends not only on the level of circulating thyroid hormones but on other factors such as the previous state of pituitary stimulation or inhibition. PMID- 813921 TI - A case of deficiency of the seventh component of complement in man. Biological properties of a C7-deficient serum and description of a C7-inactivating principle. AB - The serum of a 13-year-old healthy boy was found to be deficient in whole complement activity. The seventh component of complement could not be detected by functional assays whereas the titres of the other components were found within the normal range. An attempt to detect C7 by immunodiffusion against an antiserum to human C7 also failed. The functions of C1-C6 were normal with respect to opsonizing activity, immune adherence, and the ability to generate chemotactic activity. However, those functions that require the whole complement sequence such as bactericidal and haemolytic activity were found to be absent. Furthermore, the occurrence of a C7-inactivating principle was demonstrated in the C7-deficient serum. This principle inactivated C7 both in the fluid phase and in its cell-bound state. Some physicochemical parameters of the inactivator are described and its possible nature is discussed. PMID- 813922 TI - An unusual mouse myeloma protein binding native DNA. AB - SP 104 is an IgA-kappa myeloma protein produced by a lymphoid tumour of CA F1 mice. It arose originally in mice injected intraperitoneally with cell-free extract of spleen from a dog with systemic lupus erythematosus. The monoclonal nature of the IgA was shown by characteristic appearance on immunoelectrophoresis, restriction to a single light chain type and ability to induce anti-idiotypic antiserum. This protein has antibody activity against native (double-stranded) DNA and its specificity is similar to the antibodies against DNA found in the sera of humans with SLE and NZB/NZW F1 mice. Its idiotype does not cross-react with idiotypes of other mouse myeloma proteins known to bind DNA. PMID- 813923 TI - Quantitative studies of the growth and rejection of allogeneic tumour cells in mouse cerebrospinal fluid. Elimination in the absence of H-2 differences. AB - Following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation DBA/2 (H-2d) mastocytoma cells (P815) grow to concentrations of greater than 10,000/mul in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of H-2 compatible BALB/c mice, but are completely eliminated from 90% of such animals within 12 days. A similar pattern occurs in allogeneic C57BL (H-2b) and random-bred WEHI mice, whereas syngeneic DBA/2 mice die within 7 days from unrestricted tumour growth. Rejection in BALB/c mice is enhanced by prior exposure to the tumour, but is severely depressed by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide. Leucocytes responsible for eliminating the mastocytoma are apparently not active against sarcoma 180 cells injected simultaneously. Subsequent to intraperitoneal inoculation with mastocytoma cells both BALB/c and C57BL mice generate significant cytotoxic activity in spleen, as measured by an in vitro 51Cr release assay. Cytolysis is abrogated by prior incubation of spleen cells with AKR anti-O ascitic fluid and complement, but not by normal AKR ascitic fluid and complement. Following i.c. exposure, however, much lower levels of cytotoxic activity are found in spleen, though specifically sensitized lymphocytes are also present in lymph nodes of the cervical chain. PMID- 813924 TI - The quantitation of antibody in farmer's lung syndrome using a radioimmunoassay. Results of a clinical survey and comparison of three serological methods. AB - Three serological tests for antibody to Micropolyspora faeni, the precipitin test (Ouchterlony double diffusion test in two dimensions) the fluorescent antibody test (double-layer technique using patient's serum in middle layer) and a quantitative radioimmunoassay for IgG antibody were applied to cases of farmer's lung syndrome and compared as to their value in diagnosis and management of these cases. Of twenty-one cases with clinical symptoms only ten (48%) had positive precipitin tests, while all (100%) showed a positive fluorescent antibody test. Sixteen (76-4%) were found by the radioimmunoassay to have antibody in excess of the normal controls. The remaining five cases with symptoms had a range of antibody levels which overlapped with those of symptom-free individuals (with sera negative to fluorescent antibody tests). The precipitin test was positive above a level of 75 mug/ml of IgG antibody as determined by the radioimmunoassay, whilst the cases judged by the fluorescent antibody test to be positive were all above a level of 35 mug/ml of IgG antibody. Application of the radioimmunoassay to a group of farmers in the West of Scotland successfully detected high antibody levels in all with clinical evidence of farmer's lung syndrome; farmers who were symptom-free also had measurable antibody. The advantages of a quantitative test for antibody levels in the management of cases of this disease are discussed. PMID- 813925 TI - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE-containing cells in human gastrointestinal fluids and tissues. AB - Human gastric, small intestinal, colonic and rectal mucosae were examined for IgE containing cells by single- and double-antibody immunofluorescence techniques, and IgE in intesinal fluids was measured by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. IgE-containing cells were identified in all tissue specimens and comprised about 2% of all immunoglobulin-containing cells. Although less numerous than cells containing IgA, IgM or IgG, they were remarkably numerous in relation to the concentration of IgE in serum (about 0-001% of total immunoglobulin). IgE immunocytes were significantly more numerous in stomach and proximal small bowel than in colon and rectum, and were very numerous at bases of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers. Measurable IgE was found in seventy-eight of eighty-five (92%) intestinal fluids. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of four of the fluids revealed that the immunologically reactive IgE was largely in fractions corresponding to molecules of lower molecular weight than that of albumin, which suggests that IgE in gut contents is degraded by proteolytic enzymes. The presence of IgE-forming cells in gastrointestinal tissues, and IgE or a fragment of IgE in intestinal fluids, suggests that IgE antibodies are available for participation in local reaginic-type reactions in the gut. PMID- 813926 TI - A comparison of the inhibition of leucocyte migration and monocyte spreading as in vitro assays for tuberculin hypersensitivity in man. AB - The ability of leucocyte migration inhibition and monocyte spreading inhibition test to detect tuberculin hypersensitivity was compared in the same twelve Mantoux-negative and fifteen Mantoux-positive persons. Tuberculin hypersensitivity expressed in vitro as migration or spreading inhibition, induced by 100 mug of PPD/ml, was assessed after 2 and 24, or 4 and 20 hr of incubation. A significant difference was found between negative and positive persons by migration inhibition at the early interval and by spreading inhibition at both intervals. When the two tests were compared on the basis of individual results, monocyte spreading inhibition appeared more discriminating (fewer results in the group of positive persons overlapped with those found among negative persons). Results of the monocyte spreading inhibition test correlated well with cutaneous reactions at both incubation intervals, while with migration inhibition the correlation was not so well expressed at either interval. Furthermore, a given change in skin reactivity of tuberculin-positive persons was reflected better in spreading inhibition than in migration inhibition indices. We conclude that the method of monocyte spreading inhibition compares favourably with the method of leucocyte migration inhibition, and it seems to be a suitable in vitro test for detection of tuberculin hypersensitivity in man. PMID- 813928 TI - Mechanisms of protective immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis of the guinea-pig. I. Lack of effects of immune lymphocytes and of activated macrophages. AB - Leishmania enriettii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite which infects guinea-pigs and resides in macrophages. Subcutaneous inoculation produces a skin infection which heals spontaneously and leaves the animal immune to reinfection. Experiments have been performed to explore the mechanisms of parasite destruction in the recovering and immune animal. Using quantitative techniques to assess parasite survival it was found that L. enriettii is not killed in vitro in macrophages from immune guinea-pigs. Inocubation of monolayers of parasitized macrophages with lymphocytes from Leishmania-immune animals had no effect on the intracellular parasites. Finally, macrophages activated to destroy Listeria monocytogenes did not impair intracellular survival of L. enriettii. The possible significance of these findings in explaining the course of infection is discussed. PMID- 813927 TI - A common idiotype on human macroglobulins with anti-I and anti-i specificity. AB - The reactions of an idiotypic antiserum prepared against an anti-I cold agglutinin (Da) were studied in radioimmunoassays which were designed to detect partial rather than complete idiotypic cross-reactions among cold agglutinins with anti-I and anti-i activity. Proteins showing strong idiotypic cross reactions by gel precipitation could not inhibit the binding of 125I-labelled Da to anti-Da (individual specificity). It was necessary to use 125I-labelled cross reactive proteins in order to demonstrate cross-idiotypic specificity and even the choice of the reference cross-reactive protein was important. The use of the 125I-labelled Fab fragment of a cross-reactive anti-I cold agglutinin (Low) allowed the detection of an idiotypic determinant common to at least 73% of cold agglutinins with specificity for the I-i antigen complex. Among these were two transiently occurring cold agglutinins following M. pneumoniae infection and infectious mononucleosis. This idiotypic determinant was not detected on cold agglutinins with anti-Pr specificity or on isolated monoclonal IgM or IgG lacking cold agglutinin activity, but it was present in low concentrations in pooled IgG. The common idiotypic determinant was found on IgM kappa cold agglutinins belonging to different VK subgroups and on an IgM lambda protein. A knowledge of the structural basis of such idiotypic cross-reactions among proteins from unrelated individuals should provide important information about the genes controlling the synthesis of site-related regions of antibodies. PMID- 813930 TI - Depression of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in the presence of plasma from children with acute protein energy malnutrition. AB - Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation of four healthy adults and a child with kwashiorkor was performed in the presence of plasma from nineteen patients with protein energy malnutrition and a nutritionally normal child. Marked inhibition occurred in the presence of plasma from six patients who subsequently died, moderate inhibition occurred in six other patients in the acute stage and in two of these six in the convalescent stage, whilst in the remaining seven there was no effect. Reduction in response did not appear to be due to plasma cytotoxicity. Plasma factors in some cases of malnutrition, associated with certain infections appear to inhibit the lymphocyte response and this may have prognostic implications. PMID- 813929 TI - Enumeration and isolation of human T and B lymphocytes by rosette formation with antibody-coated erythrocytes. AB - Rosette techniques are presented for the enumeration and separation of both Ig+ T and Ig- T+ human lymphocytes. In order to enumerate Ig+ cells, the direct immunocytoadhesion technique was employed using human erythrocytes (E) coated with purified anti-kappa or anti-lambda light chain antibodies. Specificity of these rosettes was shown with chronic lymphocytic leukaemias of either the kappa or lambda type. T+ cells were enumerated by a new indirect rosette technique in which the lymphocytes were initially treated with rabbit anti-human thymus cell antiserum followed by direct rosetting with human E coated with purified anti rabbit light chain antibody. For normal individuals, 24-32% Ig+ T- cells and 65 71% Ig- T+ cells were found among the lymphocytes of peripheral blood as well as tonsils with these rosette methods. The Ficoll-Hypaque method was used to obtain purified Ig- T+ and Ig+ T- cells by removing rosetted Ig+ cells or T+ cells, respectively. The purity of the Ig- T+ cells was indicated by greater than 99% indirect rosetting of cells sensitized with anti-human thymus cell antibody (Ab) and by less than 1% direct rosetting with anti-kappa Ab-E+ anti-lambda Ab-E. The purity of the Ig+ T- cells obtained was indicated by 92-96% direct rosetting with anti-kappa Ab-E+anti-lambda Ab-E and by less than 1% indirect rosetting with anti human thymus cell antibody. A small percentage of Ig- T- 'null' cells could not be identified by either reagent. Thus, essentially pure Ig- T+ and Ig+ T- cells were readily and efficiently isolated by 'negative selection' thereby lessening the possibility of functional changes that may develop by more extensive manipulation of lymphocytes. PMID- 813931 TI - Human faecal immunoglobulins in healthy infants and children, and in some with diseases affecting the intestinal tract or the immune system. AB - IgA, IgG and IgM is faeces were quantified by single radial immunodiffusion using extracts of freeze-dried faeces. IgA in small specimens of faeces seemed to mirror the total amound of IgA secreted into the gut at the time of sampling. Presumptive normal values of faecal IgA concentrations in infants and children were established. Agglutinins to rabbit erythrocytes served as markers for the antibody activity. Infants and children just recovered from enteritis of probably infectious origin had higher concentrations of both IgA and agglutinins in faeces. Faeces from three out of five patients with ulcerative colitis in remission, contained IgG in markedly increased concentrations. Two patients with IgA deficiency had no detectable IgA in faeces, but had increased levels of faecal IgM which also agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. Immunoglobulins were not demonstrated in faeces from three patients with agammaglobulinaemia. The findings indicate that faeces can be used for assay of immunoglobulins of the intestinal tract. PMID- 813932 TI - Mechanisms of activation of the properdin system. Studies on properdin electrophoretic mobility in agarose activation of the alternative pathway. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of properdin in agarose with and without EDTA examined in sera from normal subjects and from patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, mesangial IgG-IgA disease, minimal change glomerulonephritis and partial lipodystrophy. In 'EDTA agarose", the properdin arc of normal serum was always cathodal (gamma), whereas in non-EDTA agarose it was always (beta), indicating that agarose activated properdin with its consequent conversion from a cathodal to an anodal form. Using this change in the mobility of properdin to investigate activation of the properdin system, it was found that the lower the C3 concentration of diseased sera, the less able were they to support properdin conversion by non-EDTA agarose. This relationship we interpret as a manifestation of the requirement of an intact C3b feedback pathway for properdin activation. This view was supported experimentally by (i) decreasing ability of non-EDTA agarose to shift properdin mobility in normal serum as it was progressively depleted of components of the alternative pathway by cobra venom factor, C3 nehritic factor or Mg2+, and (ii) the inability of non-EDTA agarose to shift properdin in sera depleted of C3 or factor B, and in serum deficient in C3. The report of other workers that activated properdin causes generation of C3b, coupled with our finding that properdin activation depends on the C3b feedback, indicates that a system exists in which activation of the C3b feedback cycle allows activation of properdin, allowing in turn further amplification of the C3b feedback. That the anodal form of properdin may be a property of activated properdin was shown by our observations that properdin eluted from zymosan was anodal and activated, and that the properdin in the supernatant normal serum incubated with inulin was anodal. PMID- 813933 TI - Detection of rubella-specific serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA responses using a radioactive single radial immunodiffusion technique. AB - A radioactive, single radial immunodiffusion technique (RSRID) employing 125I labelled antiglobulins, was developed to determine rubella-specific serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA antibody responses following both naturally acquired rubella and vaccination with four attenuated vaccines. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies developed in parallel with haemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibodies and both persisted for at least a year in all cases of naturally acquired and vaccine induced infection. However, the RSRID test detected rises in titre in all of five volunteers challenged intranasally with RA27/3, whereas only one volunteer showed a rise by HAI. Serum IgA antibodies generally persisted for at least a year following naturally acquired infection but rubella vaccines induced variable responses. Thus, following administration of RA27/3 and To-336 vaccines, rubella-specific IgA usually persisted for a year, whereas Cendehill vaccine failed to induce a detectable response. Rubella-specific nasopharyngeal IgA was detected in all five patients following naturally acquired infection and was still present in the only two patients tested a year after infection. These antibodies were detected in fourteen of twenty-three vaccinees at 3 weeks, but persisted for a year in only two vaccinees, both of whom were given RA27/3 intranasally. PMID- 813935 TI - IgA and glomerular disease. AB - Serum IgA levels are raised in a proportion of children with Henoch-Schonlein disease (H. S. P.), patients with Berger's mesangial IgA disease, and in patients with glomerular lesions in association with hepatic cirrhosis. These conditions are all characterized by mesangial staining with anti-IgA antisera on immunofluorescence. It has been suggested that elevated serum IgA levels are of value in the diagnosis of these diseases. We have measured serum IgA levels by radial immunodiffusion in a variety of primary and secondary glomerular diseases. High serum IgA levels were confined to patients with glomerular IgA deposition, but were not restricted to H. S. P. and Berger's disease, nor to patients with deposition of IgA only in a mesangial pattern. Elevated salivary IgA levels were found in 3/4 patients with high serum IgA levels but we found no evidence for involvement of the secretory system in glomerular mesangial IgA deposition. PMID- 813934 TI - Mechanisms of specific and non-specific tumour immunity after azathioprine treatment of mice. AB - The ability of phagocyte-depleted spleen cells to lyse chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) in the presence of antibody was measured in mice which had been treated with the antimetabolite azathioprine. Single doses of the drug had no effect on this ability when measured on the day after administration. A 4-day course of 80 mg/kg/day of the drug markedly reduced splenic antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC) although it reduced neither antibody responses nor the development of cytotoxic cells following subsequent immunization with an allogeneic tumour. Splenic phagocytosis and phagocyte-mediated ADCMC were both slightly enhanced following drug treatment. The implications of these findings are that the major antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell in phagocyte-depleted mouse spleen is normally in a state of proliferation, and plays no important role in antigen recognition. PMID- 813936 TI - Xenobiotics and molecular teratology. PMID- 813937 TI - Therapeutic effectiveness of cromolyn sodium with 38 severely asthmatic children under five years of age. PMID- 813938 TI - Effect of intrauterine T-device and copper-T on in vitro uptake of estradiol-17 beta-6, 7-3H and progesterone-1,2-3H in monkey uterus and cervix. PMID- 813939 TI - Comparison of multiple and combination tablet drug therapy in hypertension. PMID- 813940 TI - A new technique for safe and effective control of hypertension with intravenous clonidine. PMID- 813941 TI - An evaluation of theophylline/ephedrine with and without hydroxyzine in asthma. PMID- 813942 TI - Sodium meclofenamate for rheumatoid arthritis: an early double-blind evaluation. PMID- 813944 TI - Clinical effectiveness of mebendazole in the treatment of trichuriasis. PMID- 813943 TI - Management of pelvic inflammatory disease with a new cephalosporin. PMID- 813946 TI - A double-blind evaluation of betamethasone-17, 21-dipropionate (Diproderm ointment) in comparison with fluclorolone acetonide (Topilar ointment) in psoriasis. PMID- 813945 TI - Controlled double-blind study of a corticoid-salicylic acid ointment (EMD 28 828). PMID- 813947 TI - Double-blind clinical evaluation of mazindol (42-548) in obese diabetics. PMID- 813948 TI - Oxazepam-protriptyline: a double-blind phase II evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the combination versus placebo in neurotic, depressed and anxious psychiatric outpatients. PMID- 813949 TI - Controlled clinical trial of a new antidepressant (Org. GB 94) of novel chemical formulation. PMID- 813950 TI - Long-term efficacy of halofenate on serum triglyceride levels. PMID- 813951 TI - Lack of interaction between ibuprofen and warfarin. PMID- 813952 TI - Deanol in L-dopa and tardive dyskinesias: a review. PMID- 813953 TI - Treatment of acute psychotic patients with loxapine parenterally. PMID- 813954 TI - Carbuterol: a double-blind clinical trial comparing carbuterol and salbutamol. PMID- 813955 TI - Prenylamine lactate in the treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 813956 TI - A new technique for safe and effective control of hypertension with intravenous diazoxide. PMID- 813958 TI - Orgotein efficacy in ameliorating side effects due to radiation therapy. I. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with bladder tumors. PMID- 813959 TI - Therapeutic effectiveness of minocycline in nonspecific urethritis and other genitourinary infections. PMID- 813960 TI - Minocycline in gonorrhoeic and non-gonorrhoeic urethritis. PMID- 813957 TI - Long-term treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda in adults with salmon calcitonin and calcium. PMID- 813961 TI - Double-blind comparison of sulfacytine, a new sulfonamide, with sulfisoxazole in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 813962 TI - Clinical experience with glibenclamide in long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 813963 TI - Serum concentration and elimination from serum of thioridazine in psychiatric patients. PMID- 813964 TI - The relative bioavailability of terbutaline (Bricanyl) elixir and tablet formulations. PMID- 813966 TI - [Clinical evaluation of several new sulfonamide drugs manufactured in China]. PMID- 813965 TI - Morphogenesis of human bronchial diverticulum. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Diverticulosis of the bronchial wall was found in patients not only with, but also without, chronic obstructive lung disease; it appeared to start as submicroscopic depressions and dilatations of the ducts of the bronchial gland on the mucosal surface. Multiple depressions and dilatations fused to form a diverticulum which herniated between and through the smooth-muscle cellular bundles. Rupture of the latter resulted in large diverticula. Cough and a weakened bronchial wall, from whatever causes, likely lead to bronchial diverticulosis. Exaggerated but unequal formations of bronchial diverticula at the sites of dichotomy suggest either that the effect of cough could be different between segments or subsegments, or that there are local differences in connective-tissue atrophy, inflammation, and structural defects. Mucous plugs, macrophages, red blood cells, inhaled particles, and probably carcinogens are accumulated at the bronchial diverticula, which apparently interfere with airway cleansing and also cause continuous local irritation. The relationship between bronchial diverticulosis and small-airway disease or lung cancer needs further clarification. PMID- 813967 TI - [Combination of Western and Chinese medicine in the conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy - clinical analysis of 600 cases]. PMID- 813968 TI - [Cytological study of alpha-chymotrypsin stomach washing in diagnosis of stomach neoplasms - analysis of 600 cases]. PMID- 813969 TI - [Report of 408 cases of partial gastrectomy with 1 - layer anastomosis]. PMID- 813971 TI - [Lateral anastomosis of the lacrimal apparatus and lacrimal ductules]. PMID- 813970 TI - [Partial gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 813972 TI - ["Chiao ai ssu wu tang" for treatment of ectopic pregnancy - report of 55 cases]. PMID- 813973 TI - [Recurrent puvulent meningitis - report on 27 cases]. PMID- 813975 TI - [Treatment of filariasis by using small dosage and subsequent stosstherapy of "Hai ch'un sheng"]. PMID- 813974 TI - [Errors in diagnosis of thoracic amebiasis]. PMID- 813976 TI - [Observation on controlled air pumping into the colon for the treatment of intussusception in children]. PMID- 813977 TI - [Experimental use of "tung yang hwa yu" and "tsu yu che yu" in the treatment of arteriosclerosis in rabbits]. PMID- 813978 TI - [Studies on reticulum cell neoplasms]. PMID- 813979 TI - [Clinical pathological conference: No. 30 - headache, hematuria, breathing difficulty, convulsion and loss of consciousness]. PMID- 813980 TI - Polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha: biochemical and morphological changes during macronuclear development in a ciliated protozoan. AB - After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to the polytene chromosomes of the Dipteran salivary gland. The nucleus of a developing macronuclear anlage contains 120 +/- 2 polytene chromosomes and each chromosome has an average of 81 hands; a total of about 10,000 bands per nucleus. At a later stage in development, the number of bands per chromosome is reduced by a factor of four, presumably due to fusion of adjacent bands. The polytene chromosomes then break up into their constituent bands, each of which is encased in a vesicle. There are about 2,700 vesicles per nucleus.--During the growth of polytene chromosomes, there is a change in the relative proportion of sequences in the DNA. The DNA from polytene nuclei has a buoyant density of 1.695 g/cc, significantly lighter than the density of the original micronuclear DNA (1.698 G/cc to 1.702 g/cc). We interpret this buoyant density change to be the result of differential replication of DNA sequences during polytene chromosome growth. A second change in DNA composition occurs after the polytene stage of development, shown by a shift in buoyant density to 1.701 g/cc in the DNA of the mature macronucleus. During this second process, the molecular weight of the DNA is reduced from greater than 50 x 10(6) daltons to about 2 x 10(6) daltons. PMID- 813981 TI - Histone content in relation to amount of heterochromatin and developmental stage in three species of Drosophila. AB - Relative amounts of various histone fractions in Drosophila chromatin were estimated densitometrically on electrophoretic gel separations. Several consistent and highly significant differences were obtained between larval and adult chromatin. The arginine-rich histones showed the most conspicuous changes: higher amounts of H4 in larvae, higher H3 in adults. The level of modification of these histones was clearly higher in larval than in adult chromatin. The modification of the two slower subfractions of H4 involved, in all probability, phosphorylation as well as acetylation. In all types of Drosophila chromatin studied 50% or more of the H2a molecules were phosphorylated--a remarkably high proportion. The species differences observed in relative amounts of histone were consistent in both stages of development. D. melanogaster differed from D. hydei and D. virilis in all histones except H2b, while the latter two species were generally similar. The interspecific variation in histone pattern was generally not correlated to differences in content of heterochromatin. The level of modification of H2 was, however, presumably an exception, as it was significantly lower for both larvae and adults in D. virilis than in the other two species. These differ from D. virilis in containing appreciably lower proportions of heterochromatic chromosome segments. PMID- 813982 TI - [Reversible photooxidation of bacteriochlorophylls a and b in aqueous solutions of detergents]. PMID- 813983 TI - [Metabolic effects of parenteral administration of a combined carbohydrate solution (glucose, fructose, xylitol 2:2:1) (author's transl)]. AB - A combined carbohydrate in fusate (glucose, fructose, and xylitol in the ratio of 2:2:1) was administered to eight healthy adults at the rate of 0.5 g.kg-1.h-1 for 12 hours. The solution also contained 80 mmol sodium, 30 mmol potassium, 2.5 mmol magnesium, 2.8 mmol phosphate and 110 mmol chloride per litre. Glucose and fructose were almost completely metabolised. The percentage loss of xylitol was very low (8.9% of the administered dose). There was a slight insulin incretion and moderate rise in lactate concentration. No disorder of fat and uric acid metabolism and acid-base equilibrium was observed. Nor was there intravascular volume dilution, as measured by protein, albumin and haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit. There was a significant fall in phosphate concentration due to increased phosphate utilisation. Calcium concentration was also significantly decreased. Excretion of sodium was 10 mmol/h of potassium 4 mmol/h, phosphate 0.02 mmol/h and of magnesium 0.27 mmol/h. Sodium balance was positive in six patients, potassium and phosphate balance in five, magnesium and waterbalance in eight. There was no change in transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase. A typical sign of carbohydrate infusion was the slight rise in bilirubin concentration by 6.84 mumol/l. The tested carbohydrate combination can, at the stated rate of administration, cover the entire daily energy needs of an adult. PMID- 813984 TI - [A controlled study of treating haemophilia A on an out-patient basis (author's transl)]. AB - For six months 36 U factor VIII concentrates per kg bodyweight and week were administered to six out-patients with severe haemophilia A. The injection regimen was changed in every patient every two months, from 36 U/kg once to 18 U/kg twice and 12 U/kg three times, intravenously. The six possible combinations of these three dosage schedules were used in the patients in a strictly randomised manner, and all patients were treated during the same period. In the pre-trial period (treatment as needed) there were an average of 35 bleedings per two months. On continual treatment there were 21 bleedings on weekly injections of 36 U factor VIII per kg, 14 on twice weekly 18 U/kg and none on 12 U/kg, three times weekly. The differences are statistically significant. The absence of bleeding on the last dosage schedule was achieved during normal working. Days lost from work per patient per month was zero on three times 12 U/kg, 0.4 day on twice 18 U/kg and once 36 U/kg, while it had been five days in the pre-trial period. In addition to freedom from bleeding and no lost days from work, there was increased mobility and physical capacity. PMID- 813985 TI - [Prophylactic effects of a long-term therapy with vitamin A in stress ulcer? (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility of a protective effect on the development of stress ulcers by increased vitamin A supplements was investigated in albino rats. No differences were found between vitamin A treated and control animals as regards frequency and size of the induced ulcers. Neither did vitamin A pre-treatment lead to increased staining of PAS-positive substances in the gastric mucosa. Measured activity of lysosomal enzymes in the gastric secretion was significantly higher for chitobiase and acid phosphatase in animals pretreated with 10,000 IU of vitamin A than in control animals. PMID- 813986 TI - [Prevention of meningococcal disease among family members]. PMID- 813987 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid hormone interactions on thyrotropin secretion in the rat: lack of inhibiting effects of small doses of triiodo-L thyronine in the hypothyroid rat. AB - Rats were thyroidectomized (T) and injected once daily with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) ip; circulating thyrotropin (TSH) levels and TSH response to 100 ng of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) iv, were measured in different groups of rats at several intervals after the last dose of T4 or T3. It was found that T rats on 1.8 mug T4 or 0.4 mug T3/100 g BW/day, response to TRH decreased after the injection of the hormone, maximum suppressive effect being found about 7-8 h after T4, or 4 h after T3. The response increased as T4 or T3 levels reached a nadir, in agreement with present views on TRH, T4, and T3 interactions at the pituitary level. The degree of TSH response to TRH appears as a sensitive parameter of T4 or T3 activity in this experimental model. However, in T rats on 0.2 mug T3/100 g BW/day, TSH response to TRH did not decrease, but actually increased, after the daily injection of T3. These animals appeared to be in a state of continuous thyroid hormone deficiency. The same 0.2 mug T3 dose effectively suppresses the elevated basal TSH levels of these animals. It is also capable of decreasing TSH response to 100 ng TRH in animals under more "euthyroid" conditions. These results in the T rats on 0.2 mug T3 are not easily fitted into the relatively simple model frequently described to explain TRH-T3 interactions and TSH secretion. PMID- 813988 TI - Inhibition of degradation and measurement of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rat blood and plasma. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is described. The cross-reactivity of the antiserum was tested with 26 analogs of TRH, 5 amino acids, and LH-releasing hormone. Use of this RIA revealed that inactivation of TRH by rat blood was prevented if the blood was frozen and thawed prior to its incubation with TRH. This procedure did not interfere with the binding of TRH to its antibody. The degradation of TRH by blood or plasma was inhibited by 2,3 dimercaptopropanol (BAL) or benzamidine, but these compounds nonspecifically inhibited the binding of [125I]TRH to anti-TRH. At 37 C, 50% of the synthetic TRH added to rat blood was degraded within seconds, whereas at 1C, 60-65% was recovered after 90 min. When blood was frozen and thawed prior to its incubation with TRH at 1C, essentially all of the hormone was recovered after a 90-min incubation period. In contrast, incubation of TRH with frozen and thawed blood at 37 C resulted in a rapid loss of TRH. BAL (10 mM) or bensamidine (100 mM) afforded complete protection for TRH for at least 30 min at 1 C. At 37 C, protection was incomplete. Exposure of rats to cold (2C) resulted in a significant increase in serum TSH levels, but TRH was undetectable (less than3 pg) in 100 mul of blood regardless of whether the blood contained BAL (10 mM) or benzamidine (100 mM), or was frozen quickly and thawed before RIA. However, when 5-8 ml of trunk blood was extracted with methanol, 8-11 pg/ml of TRH was found, and the TRH levels were slightly but significantly elevated after cold exposure. PMID- 813990 TI - Releasing factors in the circumventricular organs in the rat brain. AB - With a recently developed microdissection technique, four circumventricular organs were removed from the rat brain, and their contents of LHRH and TRH were measured. The subfornical organ, the organon vasculosum lamia terminalis, the subcommissural organ, the area postrema all contained significant quantities of both releasing factors. The concentration of LHRH in the organon vasculosum (OVLT) was 14 ng/mg protein, 58% of that found in the median eminence. The concentration of LHRH in the remaining circumventricular organs ranged from 4.2 to 10.2 ng/mg protein. The concentration of TRH in these structures, however, was considerably lower, ranging from 0.7 to 1.8 ng/mg protein. The concentrations of LHRH and TRH in the tissue immediately adjacent to the organon vasculosum were nearly 50 times and 4 times less, respectively, than the concentration of these two releasing factors within the OVLT itself. PMID- 813989 TI - Pituitary-thyroid axis in neonatal and adult rats: comparison of the sexes. AB - Systematic comparisons have been made of the development of the pituitary-thyroid axes of male and female rats, by measuring plasma thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in neonates and adults. Observations were made in untreated groups as well as in rats treated with various regimens of exogenous T4, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or TSH. All hormone determinations were by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Salient findings include the following: 1) In early neonatal life, untreated rats showed no significant sex difference in the plasma concentrations of either TSH or T4. 2) In adulthood, the plasma TSH of untreated males attained levels strikingly higher than those of neonates-the differences averaged 5-fold more. For females, the increase in plasma TSH during development was less marked, averaging slightly less than 2-fold more. Thus, untreated adults exhibited a clear sex difference in circulating TSH concentrations; the male TSH levels averaged 2.8-fold higher than those of females. 3) Plasma T4 concentrations also increased markedly during development. For both sexes, adult T4 levels were approximately 3-fold greater than the T4 levels in early neonatal life. Among untreated adults, the female T4 concentrations averaged 28% greater than those of males. 4) Plasma TSH and T4 concentrations exhibited only minor fluctuations, of borderline statistical significance, during the female estrous cycle. 5) A significant reduction in responsiveness to exogenous TRH was observed in adult male rats which had been treated with high doses of T4 in neonatal life, although the effect was not completely consistent. No significant reduction was observed in females which received the same treatment. We have concluded that major changes occur in the circulating hormone levels of the pituitary-thyroid axis of the rat between birth and adulthood, and that such changes are not identical for the two sexes. PMID- 813992 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on prolactin and growth hormone synthesis and secretion in cultured rat pituitary cells. AB - The effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1alpha, and F2alpha on prolactin and growth hormone synthesis and secretion were studied in cultured rat pituitary cells. Total extracellular accumulation of prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay. When hormone synthesis was studied, the cells were cultured in the presence of [3H]leucine for the last hour of each treatment period. The intra and extracellular radioactive hormones were determined in the same microsample by a specific and quantitative immunoprecipitation method, employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The results show that all prostaglandins stimulated the extracellular accumulation of prolactin at 3-30 nM. Prostaglandin E1 was more effective in stimulating extracellular accumulation of prolactin than prostaglandin E2 and the F compounds. Prostaglandin F2alpha at 3 nM doubled the rate of prolactin synthesis, but had no effect on growth hormone or total cell protein synthesis after 24 h of treatment. The first effect of prostaglandin F2alpha was observed after 5 h of incubation, and the time-course of effect on prolactin synthesis was similar to that of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 813991 TI - Biological activity of somatostatin and somatostatin analogs on inhibtion of arginine-induced insulin and glucagon release in the rat. AB - Somatostatin and dihydrosomatostatin (H2somatostatin) are equipotent in inhibiting insulin and glucagon release induced by arginine in the rat. The ID50 of H2somatostatin on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine are 14 +/ 6 and 6 +/- 10 mug/100 g BW respectively, similar to the ID50 of H2somatostatin (18 +/- 10 mug/100 g BW) on inhibition of insulin release induced by glucose. Thyrotropin releasing factor, luteinizing hormone releasing factor, alpha-MSH, and the N-terminus decapeptide of the beta-chain of porcine hemoglobin did not alter the secretion of insulin and glucagon induced by arginine. With the exception of [Ala2[-somatostatin and [Ala5]-somatostatin, alanine substituted analogs of somatostatin were less potent than somatostatin. [D-Trp8]-somatostatin is 6-8 times as potent as somatostatin in inhibiting insulin and glucagon release induced by arginine. The relative potencies of these analogs to inhibit the secretion of the pancreatic hormones are in good agreement with our previously reported values based on the inhibition of GH secretion in vitro. PMID- 813993 TI - Plasma neurophysin levels in monkeys: emphasis on the hypothalamic response to estrogen and ovarian events. AB - Specific radioimmunoassays for human neurophysins released in response to estrogen (estrogen-stimulated neurophysin, ESN) and nicotine (nicotine-stimulated neurophysin, NSN) have been used to measure two similar neurophysins in rhesus monkey plasma. As in the human, concentrations of rhesus monkey neurophysins in plasma were specifically produced a marked increase of plasma NSN concentrations in the monkey. Estradiol benzoate administered intramuscularly consistently produced an increase in plasma ESN concentrations in normal cycling and castrate monkeys. ESN response to estrogen was exclusively positive and occurred approximately 10 hours after an injection of estradiol benzoate intramuscularly. Plasma samples obtained throughout the mid-cycle were measured and a characteristic rise in estrogen and LH, and a more prolonged rise in ESN were found. Our data indicate that the ESN and LH responses to estrogen stimulation are temporally related events and that the assay of ESN in plasma may be of unique value as it directly reflects the hypothalamic response to changes in estrogen secretion. PMID- 813994 TI - Characteristics of the interaction between thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin for thyrotropin and prolactin release. AB - Somatostatin, at concentrations up to 10(-7) M, does not inhibit the basal release of TSH from primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. The TRH induced TSH release is however 65% reduced by somatostatin, half-maximal inhibition being measured at 2.5 x 10(-10) M somatostatin. The concentration of TRH giving half-maximal stimulation (ED50) of TSH release is only slightly increased from 1 to 3 x 10(-9) M in the presence of 10(-8) M somatostatin. Somatostatin inhibits by 45-65% both the basal and TRH-induced PRL release of pituitary cells prepared from adult female rats, with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 5 x 10(-10) M somatostatin. The TRH ED50 for PRL release was not significantly affected by somatostatin. Somatostatin (200 mug) has no effect on the basal plasma levels of TSH or PRL in anesthetized male rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB), hypothyroid rats, or hypothyroid animals treated with EB. The plasma TSH response to TRH is, however, reduced by approximately 75% by somatostatin while the plasma PRL response is not affected by injection of the peptide. The interaction between TRH and somatostatin for both TSH and PRL release is non-competitive and is thus likely to occur at a step subsequent to the binding of the peptides to their specific receptors in both thyrotrophs and mammotrophs. PMID- 813995 TI - Stimulation of human prolactin secretion by sulpiride. AB - Intramuscular injection of 100 mg of sulpiride significantly raised plasma human prolactin (hPRL) levels in all of 7 normal subjects examined. The mean (+SE) peak value was 78.0 +/- 16.6 ng/ml, which was observed 30 min after the injection. Daily administration of sulpiride (50 mg tid po) raised plasma hPRL levels in all 7 patients with peptic ulcer, with peak values obtained within 2 weeks. Lactation occurred in 2 of these patients. It is concluded that sulpiride stimulates hPRL secretion in man. PMID- 813996 TI - Purification and sequence analysis of the mRNA coding for an immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - A mutant cell line (IF2) derived from the mouse myeloma MOPC 21 has been used for the isolation and sequence analysis of H-chain mRNA. The IF2 cells synthesise an H-chain of reduced size in which the CH1 homology region is missing. Sizing of the IF2 H-chain mRNA and wild-type H-chain mRNA revealed that the deletion is expressed at the mRNA level. The mutant H-chain mRNA sedimented at 16-S, enabling effective resolution from 18-S ribosomal RNA. In experiments using IF2 cells labelled with [32P]phosphate, the 16-S mRNA was purified by oligo(T)-cellulose chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the poly(A)-containing fraction showed the presence of a single radioactive band. Comparison of the mobility of this band relative to markers of known molecular weight revealed that the molecule contained about 1600 nucleotides. Digestion of the 32-P-labelled mRNA with T1 ribonuclease and two-dimensional fractionation of the resulting oligonucleotides yielded a 'finger-print' suitable for a preliminary sequence analysis. By using the established amino acid sequence of the IF2 H-chain and a knowledge of the genetic code, 14 oligonucleotides were assigned within the constant region and four within the variable region of the IF2 H-chain. This sequence data accounts for 19.5% of the coding region. Several other oligonucleotides, which could not be assigned within the coding region but which occurred in approximately molar yield, have also been partially characterised. These oligonucleotides are presumably derived from the untranslated regions of mRNA. PMID- 813997 TI - Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Initial velocity kinetics, ligand banding, and reaction mechanism. AB - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Salmonella typhimurium has been subjected to kinetic analysis i.e. determination of initial velocity patterns and product inhibition studies. The kinetic results suggest that the enzyme works by a sequential reaction mechanism, where the nucleoside, phosphate, and pentose 1 phosphate are all able to bind to the free enzyme, whereas it appears that the purine base binds after addition of the pentose 1-phosphate. The proposed mechanism is confirmed by substrate binding studies. In addition to the enzyme substrate complexes suggested by the kinetics, the binding studies revealed a 'dead end' complex, consisting of enzyme, phosphate, and purine base. Similar binding experiments were carried out using the enzyme from Escherichia coli. The results suggest that this enzyme works by an identical reaction mechanism. The binding data are in agreement with the presence of six binding sites per native enzyme molecule, one binding site per subunit, for each ligand. Both enzymes show normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics for their substrates with the exception of phosphate, for which the double-reciprocal plots are concave down. This behaviour is seen in both binding and velocity curves, and most likely is a result of negative cooperativity in the binding of phosphate to the enzyme. PMID- 813998 TI - Action of nucleases on double-stranded RNA. AB - Double-stranded RNAs from Penicillium chrysogenum virus have been treated with RNAse III, pancreatic RNAse A and RNAse T1 and the degradation of the RNAs has been studied under different conditions. It was found that only the two former enzymes cut across both strands, RNase T1 cannot cleave double strands. RNase III was shown to digest double-stranded RNA by a two step process: an initial phase of specific cleavage is followed by random degradation. In the first phase the enzyme exhibited a definite preference for some specific base pattern. Partial or complete degradation with pancreatic RNase A could also be achieved in media with high salt concentration provided that the enzyme: substrate ratio was increased together with the salt concentration. By combining different assay techniques, the process of degradation was followed from the early stages to complete digestion and the breakdown products were characterised. It is suggested that a structural change in the enzyme molecules enables them to act on double-stranded RNA. RNAse T1, being unable to cleave double strands, provides a useful tool for studying the secondary structure of RNA molecules. Treatment with different nucleases yielded some new information on the structure of different RNA species in Penicillium stoloniferum virus. PMID- 813999 TI - Sanfilippo disease type B: presence of material cross reacting with antibodies against alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. AB - 1. alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase, the enzyme deficient in Sanfilippo disease type B (mucopolysaccharidosis III B) was purified from normal human urine. An antiserum was raised in rabbits against the purified enzyme. Preincubation of the antiserum with crude alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase from normal human urine, followed by centrifugation, led to a marked reduction of the enzyme activity in the supernatant. Formation of the antibody-enzyme complex had no influence on the activity. The thermal stability of the enzyme was markedly enhanced by complex formation with the antiserum. 2. In the urine from three patients with Sanfilippo disease type B the presence of cross-reacting material could be demonstrated by incubating the antiserum with alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the presence of Sanfilippo B urine or by pretreatment of the antiserum with Sanfilippo B urine. 3. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis of crude normal or Sanfilippo B urine gave rise to up to four precipitation lines, only one of which exhibited alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in the case of normal urine. Purified alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase yielded only a single precipitation line. After adsorption with the purified enzyme the antiserum did not cross react with any of the urinary proteins. 4. On a quantitative determination of cross-reacting material using Sepharose immobilized antibodies in the urine from two Sanfilippo B patients the amount of cross-reacting material appeared to be less than one fourth of the amount of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase protein in an age-matched control urine. The cross-reacting material present in the urine of Sanfilippo B patients had a significant lower binding affinity for antibodies against alpha-N acetylglucosaminidase than preparations from normal human urine. Taking into account this lower binding affinity, it can be calculated that the amount of cross-reacting material in the urine of Salfilippo B patients exceeds that of normal controls. 5. It is concluded that Sanfilippo disease type B is due to a mutation of a structural gene coding for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The mutation affects the catalytical and immunological properties of the enzyme protein. PMID- 814000 TI - The reconstitution of Anacystis nidulans DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from its isolated subunits. AB - The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the blud-green alga Anacystis nidulans was reconstituted from its isolated subunits in the absence of urea. Applying this technique the kinetics and the subunit requirements of the reconstitution process were analyzed. The results reveal differences with respect to the reconstitution of Escherichia coli polymerase. Reconstitution proceeds much more slowly in the case of the A. nidulans enzyme. Reconstitution here is absolutely dependent on the presence of the subunit sigma. On the other hand, the largest of the subunits of Mr=190000 can be fully substituted by a specific degradation product of this subunit of Mr=175000. Heterologous reconstitution between subunits of E. coli and A. nidulans polymerase does not result in active enzyme hybrids, showing a divergent evolution of the structure of this enzyme in these procaryotic organisms. PMID- 814001 TI - The formation of threo-11-hydroxy-trans-12: 13-epoxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid by enzymic isomerisation of 13-L-hydroperoxy-9-cis, 11-transoctadecadienoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1. AB - The interaction of soybean lipoxygenase-1 with 13-L-hydroperoxy-9-cis, 11-trans octadecadienoic acid (13-hydroperoxy-linoleate), the product of the enzymic dioxygenation of linoleic acid, yields either a yellow or a purple-coloured enzyme species depending on the amount of product used. With an excess of 13 hydroperoxy-linoleate a labile purple-coloured enzyme species is formed which reverts to a yellow-coloured form with concomitant conversion of the hydroperoxy compound. In this reaction 13-hydroperoxy-linoleate isomerises into threo-11 hydroxy-trans-12:13 epoxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid as could be concluded from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data. Experiments with 13 [18O2]hydroperoxy-linoleate showed a high retention (70%) of the 2 hydroperoxy oxygen atoms in the end product. PMID- 814002 TI - Levansucrase of Bacillus subtilis: kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of transfructosylation processes. AB - Simple kinetic considerations derived from the ping-pong mechanism previously proposed for levansucrase of Bacillus subtillis allowed us to predict an easily operated method to approach the kinetic studies of exchange and hydrolytic activities of this enzyme. The experimental kinetic pattern obtained from the study of both activities is in close agreement with those predicted by theoretical approach. The combination of kinetic results enabled us to determine with a good accuracy the values of the apparent rate constant of the step of fructosylation of the enzyme from the sucrose-enzyme Michaelis complex and the apparent rate constants of the steps of defructosylation of the fructosyl enzyme to water or to glucose. The standard free energy reaction coordinate diagram for the transfructosylation process from sucrose to water was constructed. We found that the high energy of the glycosidic linkage of sucrose is preserved in the fructosyl-enzyme intermediate. The temperature dependence studies of the rate constants of fructosylation and defructosylation of the enzyme show that the entropy of activation for the two steps of defructosylation of the fructosyl enzyme are nearly the same. However the enthalpy of activation for the transfructosylation step to water is greater than that to glucose. We attempted to explain this discrepancy. Furthermore comparison of mechanism and efficiency of enzymatic and acid catalysis of sucrose hydrolysis was developed. PMID- 814003 TI - Protein degradation and proteinases during yeast sporulation. AB - During ascospore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at least 60-70% of the pre-existing vegetative protein was broken down at a rather constant rate until the time mature asci appeared. Under the same conditions in a non-sporulating haploid derived from the same strain the rate of protein degradation, although initially comparable to that of sporulating cells, decreased much more rapidly. Proteins synthesized at different times during sporulation had approximately the same degradation rates as the vegetative proteins. Similar rates of degradation were observed for the vegetative proteins in all fractions obtained from cell homogenates by differential centrifugation. Protein breakdown after transfer to sporulation medium was blocked by uncouplers and inhibitors of energy metabolism, and was partially inhibited by cycloheximide. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, of the proteins extracted from vegetative cells and from isolated asci and ascospores revealed that ascus formation was accompanied by a shift of the cellular proteins to a lower molecular weight. From several proteinase inhibitors tested, only tosyl-p-lysine chloromethylketone slightly reduced the rate of ascus formation. During sporulation the total activity of proteinase A increased more than twofold with a maximum at 18 h after transfer to sporulation medium. Total proteinase B activity showed a striking increase in the first hours after transfer to sporulation medium and after that remained constant throughout sporulation. The levels of carboxypeptidase Y and of the proteinase B inhibitor were not significantly altered during sporulation. The proteinases and the proteinase B inhibitor were present within the mature ascospore. The proteinases from both vegetative and sporulating cells were eluted with the same ionic strength from DEAE-Sephadex, and they were undistinguishable in their sensitivity to different proteinase inhibitors. No additional proteolytic activities could be detected in sporulating cells using 3H-labelled denatured yeast protein as a substrate. PMID- 814004 TI - Inactivation of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase by halogenated isoxazolylpenicillins. AB - Upon preincubation with halogenated isoxazolyl-penicillins, the activity of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase is decreased by a factor proportional to the inhibitor concentration. This inactivation, which concerns essentially the catalytic rate constant of the enzyme, occurs only at or above 37 degrees C with cloxacillin and dicloxacillin, and even at 25 degrees C with flucloxacillin. The dependence of the inactivation rate upon inhibitor concentration is consistent, in the former case, with the occurrence of a bimolecular reaction, and in the latter case, with a bimolecular process followed by a monomolecular step. PMID- 814005 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in hepatobiliary disease in infancy. AB - Metabolism of calcium and magnesium may be disturbed in hepatobiliary disease because of deficient or absent bile flow into the gut, since bile is important for the intestinal absorption of these elements. In the present paper the tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), calcium (TRCa), and magnesium (TRMg) were determined in an attempt to evaluate the parathyroid function of infants and children with hepatobiliary disease. In unrepaired biliary atresia TRP was conspicuously reduced (mean 49.8%, SD 15.1). In successfully repaired biliary atresia the value was increased near the normal range (mean 80.7%, SD 8.1). In neonatal hepatitis the value was variable in individual cases, but significantly lower than the normal (mean 47.6%, SD 19.9). TRCa was reduced in one third of the patients with unrepaired biliary atresia and in one fifth of the cases of neonatal hepatitis. The value was within the normal range in repaired biliary atresia. TRMg was decreased in both unrepaired and repaired biliary atresia and in neonatal hepatitis. The effect of intravenous calcium infusion on TRP, TRCa and TRMg was evaluated in 3 patients with unrepaired biliary atresia. TRP was conspicuously enhanced after infusion. TRCa was decreased in 3 to a variable extent. TRMg was moderately increased in 2 and greatly decreased in 1. These results indicate that infants with hepatobiliary disease are in a state of secondary hyperparathyroidism because of deficient or absent bile flow into the intestines. PMID- 814006 TI - [Artificial nursing of new-born cynomolgus monkeys as a model of the human infant and development of abnormal behavior (author's transl)]. AB - New-born cynomolgus monkeys were sucessfully reared by artificial nursing that was started just afterbirth with a 12% solution of a commercially prepared powdered-milk (Yukijirushi, P 7a) containing 13.3g of protein per 100g. Marked growth-retardation was observed in baby cynomolgus monkeys fed on a 12% solution of the modified P 7a milk containing only 6.6g of protein per 100g to which lactose was supplemented to give a baby monkey the same caloric value as that of the original P 7a milk. These artificially reared cynomolgus monkeys manifested various kinds of abnormal behavior such as self-clasping, autism-like self mouthing, huddling, stereotype rocking, head-knocking, autoerotism, fear, aggression, etc.. Generally, development of these abnormal behaviors was more noticeable in the monkeys nursed with a milk bottle fixed to the side of a cage without human contact than in the monkeys nursed by a care-taker with bodily touching. These qualitative observational results indicate that the new-born cynomolgus monkey can be used as a model of the human baby for research into the relationship between malnutrition and abnormal physical and mental growth. PMID- 814007 TI - [The weight of the reproductive organs, hypophysis and thyroid of male cynomolgus monkeys. (Macaca fascicularis) (author's transl)]. AB - The present short paper deals with the weight of the male reproductive organs of wild-imported cynomolgus monkeys, including the testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, vesicula seminalis prostata, bulbo urethralis and penis. In addition, the size of the testes and the weight of the thyroid and hypophysis are also presented. PMID- 814009 TI - Histone distribution in chromosomes revealed by antihistone sera. PMID- 814010 TI - Shape of microtubules in solutions. PMID- 814008 TI - A physicochemical analysis of conjugation in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 814011 TI - Age related differences in the water content of normal and irradiated Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814012 TI - Some cortical projections to the parahippocampal area in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 814014 TI - Bi-manual motor performance in the monkey: successive division of the forebrain and of the cerebellum. PMID- 814013 TI - A method for estimating edema in experimental traumatic spinal cord injury. PMID- 814016 TI - USe of tissue culture medium for in vitro studies on the ion transport capacity of amphibian epithelia. AB - The sodium transport capacity across frog skin and toad bladder in vitro is enhanced when a tissue culture medium is used to mount the preparations, instead of the classic Ringer solution. The response to antidiuretic hormone used 24 h after isolating the tissues is also higher in preparations incubated in the same culture medium. PMID- 814015 TI - Increased collagen and glycoprotein contents of the denervated cremaster muscle of the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata. AB - Denervation of genitofemoralis in the bonnet monkey for 60 days resulted in a significant increase in neutral salt-soluble, alkali-soluble and insoluble collagens as well as glycoproteins. The hydroxyproline content of the salt soluble and insoluble collagens in the muscle increased on denervation. These changes are discussed to imply the impairment of the action of specific structural genes. PMID- 814017 TI - Chemotaxis of rabbit macrophages in vitro: inhibition by drugs. AB - Chemotaxis of rabbit macrophages was inhibited by phenylbutazone and sodium salicylate, but not by other antiinflammatory agents. Other inhibitory compounds were colchicine, vincristine, PHA, Con A, iodoacetic acid, cytochalasin B, and EDTA. Some of these in vitro results contrast apparently with in vivo effects. PMID- 814018 TI - [Localization of dioctyl-phthalate on normal immunoglobulins G and on those of Kahler's disease (author's transl)]. AB - After having identified as dioctyl-phthalate (DOP), a plasticizer that comes out with fatty acids of normal immunoglobulins G (IgG) and of those of Kahler's disease, we found out that DOP is preferentially bound to the heavy chains of IgG and is either missing from myeloma proteins or more abundant in them than in normal ones. PMID- 814019 TI - Histochemical remarks on monamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase in some regions of amphibian brain. AB - The histochemical localization of monamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase has been studied in the cerebellum, optic tectum and telencephalon of three amphibian species. For acetylcholinesterase in particular, different histochemical methods and selective inhibitors have been used in order to investigate the actual nature of enzymatic activity revealed. PMID- 814020 TI - [Some thiophosphamide derivatives of berberine and their interaction with hydrogen chloride]. PMID- 814021 TI - Post-transcriptional modification of tyrosine tRNA as a function of growth in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 814022 TI - Reversible inhibition of ovulation in the rhesus monkey by polydimethylsiloxane subdermal capsules of megestrol acetate. AB - The effect of megestrol acetate in polydimethylsiloxane subcutaneous implants on menstrual cycle, ovarian function, and uterine histology of adult parous rhesus monkeys was studied. Release rates of 129.6 and 64.8 mug/day inhibited ovulation and produced amenorrhea in all of the treated monkeys. The plasma progesterone level was 0 ng/ml during the initial part of the study (8 months). Endometrial biopsies obtained at different times showed a suppressed endometrium. Approximately 30 days after removal of all of the polydimethylsiloxane implants, the monkeys menstruated normally and the plasma progesterone levels subsequently were between 3 and 19 ng/ml. Histologic studies showed secretory endometria and corpora lutea, thus confirming resumption of ovulation. PMID- 814024 TI - The Banting Memorial Lecture 1975. Diabetes and the alpha cell. PMID- 814023 TI - Cerebral edema complicating therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Four cases of cerebral edema associated with therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis are reported. One patient had an inappropriate ADH-like syndrome at the time of onset of clinical symptoms of cerebral edema; he survived. The remaining patients had hyponatremia at or near the time of onset of clinical symptoms of cerebral edema, and they subsequently died. The literature is reviewed and some aspects of therapy, which might be casually related to cerebral edema observed in association with therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis, are discussed. PMID- 814025 TI - Neuroendocrine control of insulin secretion. AB - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, substance P, somatostatin, and a partially purified hypothalamic extract on insulin secretion were tested both in vitro and in vivo. Only somatostatin and the hypothalamic extract affected insulin secretion. In vitro, somatostatin decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isolated islets and in vivo significantly reduced the rate of insulin output into the portal vein. The hypothalamic extract significantly stimulated insulin secretion in both systems. These effects in vivo were independent of glucose concentration. Islets preincubated for four hours responded better in vitro to the hypothalamic extract stimulation and the somatostatin inhibition. PMID- 814026 TI - Colonic infusion in the management of the short bowel syndrome. AB - Two cases are presented of short bowel syndrome. Both had had the colon or part of the colon bypassed as part of prior surgical management in addition to having had extensive resection of the small bowel. Despite various medical regimens, both patients remained in negative fluid and electrolyte balance thus requiring intravenous fluid supplementation. In an effort to maintain positive fluid balance without intravenous therapy, colonic infusion of fluids was initiated. This modification of management proved effective in maintenance of adequate plasma volume and normal renal function. It is concluded that this type of therapy can be of great benefit in the management of patients with the short bowel syndrome. PMID- 814027 TI - Letter: Metiamide and the lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 814028 TI - Abnormal hepatic transport of indocyanine green in Gilbert's syndrome. AB - The plasma fractional disappearance rate of indocyanine green (kICG, min-1) and the absolute hepatic ICG removal rate (VICG, mg per kg per min) were determined in 26 patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and 19 normal control volunteers following intravenous administration of doses of 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 mg per kg of dye. The diagnosis of GS was based on studies of radiobilirubin kinetics in all cases and liver biopsy in 22 cases. The patients were further classified into 3 subgroups, based on patterns of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) kinetics, as follows: GS I (15 patients) had normal BSP metabolism; GS II (5 patients) had a defect in BSP metabolism beyond the stage of initial hepatic uptake; and GS III (6 patients) had a defect in the initial hepatic uptake of BSP (Gastroenterology 63:472-481, 1972). Both kICG and VICG were significantly reduced, compared to normal controls, in the GS III group with defective BSP uptake, but did not differ significantly from normal in the GS I and GS II groups. Michaelis-Menten analysis of the data indicated that VMAX for ICG uptake in the GS III group (1.2 +/- 0.6 mg per min per kg) was significantly reduced compared to the previously established normal value of 3.6 +/- 0.6 mg per min per kg; (P less than 0.01). For the total population of 26 patients with Gilbets' syndrome, there was a highly significant correlation (r= 0.77, P less than 0.01) between kICG and lambda21BSP, the fractional hepatic uptake rate for BSP. These studies confirm previous work indicating that patients with Gilbert's syndrome constitute a heterogeneous population with regard to defects in hepatic organic anion transport, some of the defects not being attributable to glucuronyl transferese deficiency. Future studies of Gilbert's syndrome must take into account the existence of these subgroups, since they may have different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 814030 TI - Diphenylhydantoin-induced hepatic necrosis. A case study. AB - A patient with post-traumatic seizure disorder developed lymphadenopathy, exfoliative dermatitis, and hepatic failure while on diphenylhydantoin therapy and died in hepatic coma. Autopsy disclosed massive hepatic necrosis. The clinical and pathological pictures are similar to the six previously reported cases of diphenylhydantoin-induced hepatic necrosis, with the exception of the time of onset of hepatic failure, which is explained. The cause of such hepatotoxicity is unknown, although hypersensitivity is postulated. It appears that studies of liver function in patients receiving diphenylhydantion are indicated to assess the true indicence of hepatocellular injury. PMID- 814029 TI - Simultaneous measurement of the pancreatic and biliary response to CCK and secretin. Primate biliary physiology. XIII. AB - A primate model is described that permits separate but simultaneous sampling of both bile and pancreatic fluid without altering the normal enterohepatic circulation. Simultaneous biliary and pancreatic dose response curves are presented to contrast the production of bile with both pancreatic flow and the secretion of pancreatic protein and bicarbonate. The data show that in the cholecystectomized animal both cholecystokinin and secretin increase bile flow at doses that produce appropriate submaximal responses from the pancreas. Both these hormones, therefore, are physiologically important in regulating flow. Further, over a wide dose range (0.2 to 2.3 U per kg) secretion has the major effect on bile flow, and pancreatic flow, and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, whereas cholyecystokinin has the major effect on pancreatic protein secretion. PMID- 814031 TI - [Observations, analyses and experiments on the use of the hand in Callithrix jacchus Erxleben, 1777. Part II. Fine analysis of prehensive behavior]. AB - The use of the hand of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus Erxleben, 1777) was analysed on the basis of observations and experiments conducted on 56 animals of all age. During arboreal locomotion Callithrix jacchus makes use of the hands for support and for grasping to maintain its balance, The palmar region serves as the main means of support, while the findgers in the locomotor grip also contribute to maintaining balance and support. The greater the need for maintaining balance, for example, during vertikal climbing or in movement along the narow branches, the mre complete the djustment of the hand form on the surface and the more complete the alignment of the hand on the branch will be. Additional support is supplied by the longitudinal palm furrow, caused by the radio-ulnar adduction of the hand edges and by the clinging properties of the volar pads... PMID- 814032 TI - [(Contributions on the developmental changes of the primate cranium with observations on the sagittal angle relationships. I. Dental development)]. PMID- 814033 TI - [(Contributions on the development of the primate cranium with observations on the sagittal angle relationships. II. Spatial analysis. 1: Neurocranium. III. Spatial analysis. 2: Viscerocranium]. PMID- 814034 TI - [Problems and results of skull x-ray following vacuum extraction (author's transl)]. AB - The vacuum extraction supplies the forceps nearly complete on the IInd Department of obstetrics and gynecology Vienna in the last years. Skull X-ray of 104 newborns following vacuum extraction and of 101 spontaneous delivered newborns are examined on the incidence of fractures, fracture-fissures, elevations and widening of skull sutures. Early pathological findings are rigid criteria for the possible danger due to a method of operative delivery but we have no typical late damage after vacuum extraction or forceps delivery, we don't find in spontaneous born children too. PMID- 814035 TI - A single-gene-dependent abnormality of adoral membranelles in Tetrahymena pyriformis, species 1. AB - Strain D of species (syngen) 1, Tetrahymena pyriformis, differs from other inbred strains in its manifestation of certain abnormal patterns of adoral membranelles. Instead of the usual three membranelles some cells have a greater number, most frequently 4 or 5, but occasionally up to 7. The extra membranelles, or even all membranelles of any given set, are shorter than M-1 and M-2 of the normal pattern. In other cases, the only alteration observed is a change in the relative lengths of the three membranelles. The frequency of abnormal cells varies from about 5% to 15% during exponential growth to over 50% after prolonged stationary culture. The genetic basis for the abnormality is shown to be due to a single recessive gene which segregates normally in various crosses and which manifests vegetative assortment as do most allelic variants in species 1. PMID- 814036 TI - Cold-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melanogaster defective in ribosome assembly. AB - Thirteen X-linked, cold-sensitive lethal, female-sterile mutants of Drosophila melanogaster located at eight separate loci were screened for their ability to assemble ribosomes at the restrictive temperature of 17 degrees. Females were labelled with 3H-uridine for either 2 or 20 hours at 17 degrees. A mitochondria free extract was prepared and analyzed by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation. Four of the mutants, l(1)TW-2cs, l(1)HM16cs, l(1)HM23cs, and l(1)HM20cs, had a lower ratio of cpm in the 40S subunit to cpm in the 60S subunit (40S:60S ratio) than wild type with a 2-hour label. The same was true of a 20 hour label of l(1)TW-2cs, l(1)HM16cs, and l(1)HM23cs, which are allelic, resulted in a 40S:60S ratio higher than wild type. Four other cs mutants were found to have less drastic effects on ribosome assembly. The ribosomal subunits of mutants l(1)HM16cs and l(1)HM20cs sediment at the same rate as their wild-type counterparts. The same is true for the RNA in their ribosomal particles. Sucrose gradient analysis of ribosomes from cold-sensitive lethal, female-sterile mutants appears to be an effective method for finding mutants that affect ribosome assembly. PMID- 814037 TI - Isolation and characterization of sex-linked female-sterile mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The purpose of the experiments described was to identify X chromosome genes functioning mainly or exclusively during oogenesis. Two mutagenesis experiments were carried out with ethyl methane sulfonate. Following treatment inducing 60% lethals, 9% of the treated X chromosomes carried a female sterility mutation which did not otherwise seriously affect viability. Among--95 isolated mutants, 19 were heat-sensitive and 5 cold-sensitive. The mutants have been classified as follows: I (16 mutants; 12 complementation groups): the females laid few or no eggs; the defect concerned either ovulation or oogenesis. II (37 mutants; 18 complementation groups): the female laid morphologically abnormal eggs, often with increased membrane permeability. III A (13 mutants; at least 8 complementation groups): the homozygous females were sterile if mated to mutant males; their progeny (homo- and hemizygous) died at a late embryonic stage (11 mutants), at the larval stage (1 mutant) or at the pupal stage (1 mutant). However fertility was partly restored by breeding to wild-type males as shown by survival of some heterozygous descendants. III B (29 mutants; 22 complementation groups): the fertility of the females was not restored by breeding to a wild-type male. Most of the eggs of 13 of the mutants died at a late stage of embryogenesis. The eggs of the others ceased development earlier or, perhaps, remained unfertilized. The distribution of the number of mutants per complementation group led to an estimation of a total of about 150 X-linked genes involved in female fertility. The females of three mutants, heat-sensitive and totally sterile at 29 degrees, produced at a lower temperature descendants morphologically abnormal or deprived of germ cells. Three other mutants not described in detail showed a reduction in female fertility with many descendants lacking germ cells. A desirable mutant which was not recovered was one with normal fertile females producing descendants which, regardless of their genotype, bore specific morphological abnormalities. The value of the mutants isolated for analysis of the complex processes leading to egg formation and initiation of development is discussed. PMID- 814038 TI - Genetic analysis of the proximal region of chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Detachment products of compound autosomes. AB - To examine the genetic composition of proximal heterochromatin in chromosome 2, the detachment of compound second autosomes, for generating proximal deficiencies, appeared a promising method. Compound seconds were detached by gamma radiation. A fraction of the detachment products were recessive lethals owing to proximal deficiencies. Analysis by inter se complementation, pseudo dominance tests with proximal mutations and allelism tests with known deficiencies provided evidence for at least two loci between the centromere and the light locus in 2L and one locus in 2R between the rolled locus and the centromere. The data further demonstrate that rolled, and probably light, are located within the proximal heterochromatin. Thus, functional genetic loci are found in heterochromatin, albeit at low density. PMID- 814039 TI - The synthesis of 5S RNA and its relationship to 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA in the bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Ribosomes contain one molecule each of 5S, 18S and 28S RNA. In Drosophila melanogaster although the genes for 18S + 28S are physically separated from the 5S RNA genes, the multiplicity of various ribosomal RNA genes is roughly the same. Thus a coordinate synthesis of these three molecules might seem feasible. This problem has been approached by determining the molar ratios of various RNA's in ovaries and in adult flies. In ovaries there is a slight excess of 5S RNA molecules over other rRNA's, but in adult flies no such differences exist. Bobbed mutants also have the same molar ratios as wild-type flies. Results on 5S RNA synthesis in both in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is reduced in coordination with 18S + 28S rRNA in the bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Various possibilities are discussed in considering the implications of these results. PMID- 814040 TI - The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XIV. Clines and their interpretation. AB - The Yanomama Indians are a South American tribe distributed over an irregular area approximately 200 X 300 miles. The gene frequencies observed at 12 loci in 47 villages within this area have been analyzed for the occurrence of clines. Apparently significant clines are observed for alleles of the Rh, MNSs, Kidd, Gm, Inv and serum albumin system. Available data concerning recent tribal expansion and admixture permit a tentative analysis of the causes of these clines. Although the action of selection cannot be rigorously excluded, it seems unlikely to be the major couse. Admixture with surrounding tribes plays a role which can be quantified because of the fortuitous cicumstance of two genetic markers for admixture. It is suggested that an important factor in the origin of these clines is the manner in which the tribe has recently expanded through successive village fissionings and a predominantly centrifugal pattern of village migration. PMID- 814041 TI - Variations in the number of the Y chromosomal rRNA genes in Drosophila hydei. AB - The number of rRNA cistrons is measured by filter saturation hybridization in different stocks of D. hydei, where the wild-type X chromosome has one nucleolus organizer (NO) and wild-type Y has two separated NO's. XX/Y females having no X chromosomal NO show an rDNA content exceeding that of a Y chromosome. An even greater increase in the rRNA cistron number is measured in two translocation stocks where the XX is combined with one half of a Y and, therefore, each stock contains only one of the two Y chromosomal NO's. But when the same Y fragments are brought together with a wild-type X chromosome they lose about one-half of their rRNA cistrons within one generation. Males with two complementary Y fragments but having no X chromosomal NO show a considerably higher rDNA content than the XX/Y females, although both are equal in respect of their NO number. Consideration is given to related phenomena in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814042 TI - Evolution of experimental "mutator" populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The theory of evolution predicts that the rate of adaptation of a population is a function of the amount of genetic variation present in the population. This has been experimentally demonstrated in Drosophila populations in which genetic variability was increased either by mass hybridization of two gene pools, or by X irradiation.--Mutator genes increase the spontaneous mutation rates of their carriers. We have now studied the effects of a third-chromosome mutator gene, mt, on the rate of adaptation of laboratory populations. Initially, experimental and control populations had similar genetic constitutions except for the presence of absence of the mt gene. The populations were maintained for 20-25 generations by "serial transfer" under conditions of very intense selection.--The number of flies produced per unit time remained constant throughout the experiment in the experimental as well as in the control populations. However, in the mutator carring populations the average longevity of the flies (and consequently the average population size) gradually decreased. Under the experimental conditions natural selection is unable to counteract completely the increased input of deleterious mutations due to the mt gene. PMID- 814043 TI - The genetic variability of third chromosomes in a local population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Five hundred and two third chromosomes were extracted from a large cage population of Drosophila melanogaster initiated two months after collection of the progenitors near Raleigh, North Carolina in 1970.---Salivary gland chromosomes of 489 chromosome lines were examined and 54 chromosomes were found to carry inversions. The inversions were classified into three polymorphic types [In (3L)P, In (3R)P, and In (3R)C] and two unique types. The polymorphic inversions were found in frequencies of 0.012, 0.88, and 0.010, respectively.- Viabilities of homozygotes and heterozygotes were examined. Chromosomes with lethals occurred with a frequency of 0.495: 0.537 in the group of inversion carrying chromosomes and 0.490 in the group of inversion-free chromosomes. The average homozygote viability computed on the basis of an average heterozygote viability of 1.0000 was 0.3235 if lethal lines were included and 0.6290 if they were excluded. The detrimental load to lethal load ratio (D:L ratio) was 0.70 (=0.4636-0.6650). The average viability of lethal heterozygotes was significantly larger than that of lethal-free heterozygotes. It appears, however, that lethal genes in heterozygotes have deleterious effects on fitness as a whole.--The average degree of dominance for viability polygenes was estimated to be about 0.3 0.4 in lethal-free individuals and nearly zero in lethal heterozygotes. Overdominance or some form of balancing selection was suggested at some loci. The difference between the values obtained for average degree of dominance due to genetic backgrounds and superior vibaility of lethal heterozygotes (but not fitness as a whole) suggest that some epistasis or coadaptation occurs.--The results described above are similar to those obtained for the second chromosomes. PMID- 814049 TI - [Riboflavin and lumiflavin analogs and alloxazine derivatives. I. Effect on riboflavin synthesis by and growth of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - Effect of riboflavin, lumiflavin and a number of alloxazine derivatives is studied on the growth of three Bacillus subtilis strains with different genetic state of riboflavin operon as well as their ability to show coenzyme and regulating properties characteristic of vitamin B2. The fission of the ribityl chain of the riboflavin molecule results in the complete loss of both coenzyme and regulating properties of vitamin B2 (analogues of lumiflavin and alloxazine derivatives). Different types of esterification of hydroxyl groups of ribityl chain or its replacement by dulcityl chain results in the decrease of regulating properties characteristic of riboflavin as an end product of biosynthetic pathway (tetraacetylriboflavin and its derivatives, tetrapropionyl- and tetrabutyrylriboflavin) or to the loss of coenzyme and regulating activities (galactoflavin and tetrabenzoylriboflavin). The length increase of hydrocarbon chain under esterification of hydroxyl groups in ribityl chain results in enhancing vitamin B2 non-specific inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis strains studied. The replacement of 8-CH3 group in the riboflavin molecule by amino- or D-ribitylaminogroup results in the formation of specific antimetabolites, 8-amino(nor)riboflavin and 8-D-ribitylamino(nor)riboflavin respectively. Depending on the nature of other alterations or replacements of the 8-CH3 group of riboflavin molecule and their combinations with alterations of ribityl chain the reduction of the regulating activity (8-alpha bromtetraacetylriboflavin) or a sharp decrease of coenzyme and regulating functions (analogues N 9 to N 15) takes place. The replacement of riboflavin-5-N oxide and 2-thioriboflavin type did not affect the studied properties of riboflavin. PMID- 814050 TI - [Comparative study of salivary gland polytene chromosome asynapsis in larvae of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans and their hybrids]. AB - Quantitative comparative study of larvae salivary gland chromosome asynapsis has been performed on 3L arm for sibling species of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans and their hybrids (D. melanogaster female X D. simulans hermaphrodite). A frequency of asynapsis occurence, an asynapsis localization and distributions of asynapsis terminal points and asynapsis lengths were determined. It is revealed that parent species are very similar as regards to quantitative characteristics studied. For hybrids there are some essential differences with either of parent species. These are: 1) reliably larger frequency of asynapsis, 2) different character of asynapsis localization, and 3) two new "peaks" of distal terminal points of asynapsis and three new "peaks" of proximal terminal points of asynapsis are revealed, main parents "peaks" being kept. PMID- 814052 TI - [Characteristics of the scutellar bristle pattern in Drosophila melanogaster mutants al, h and al; h]. AB - The object of this study was the distribution of macrochaetae and microchaetae on the scutellum of Drosophila melanogaster in wild-type individuals and in three mutant genotypes: h/h, al/al and al; h/al; h. The mutation h (hairy) causes the appearance on the scutellum of extra microchaetae with a definite distribution pattern. The mutation al (aristaless) changes the size and the shape of scutellum and causes the shift of the posterior scutellar bristles. It is shown by the study of double homozygotes al; h/al; h, that this bristle can be shifted into the region occupied by one of microchaetae. The results obtained are considered in the light of the prepattern hypothesis. An assumption is made about the possible three-component constitution of the system of pattern formation. PMID- 814051 TI - [High frequency of spontaneous occurrence of mutations affecting viability in chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster line "HA"]. AB - The frequency of spontaneous mutations affecting viability was estimated in the chromosome II in LA strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The strain has been selected for low sexual activity for more than 180 generations and maintained by close inbreeding. Spontaneous mutation rate in LA strain has appeared to be extremely high--the frequency of lethal and semilethal mutations in the chromosome II in by an order higher than usual mutation frequencies. Most of the mutations originating are distributed between a limited number of loci in the b- c region. PMID- 814054 TI - Preventive medicine in a long-term care institution. PMID- 814053 TI - [Effect of temperature on homoeotic mutation expression in Drosophila. I. Homoeotic transformation in Proboscipedia mutants]. AB - It is generally adopted that the homoeotic gene proboscipedia causes the transformation of the distal parts of proboscis into corresponding tarsal or antennal (aristal) segments. It is shown that actually the homoeotic effect of the mutation proboscipedia consists in the transformation of the oral lobes of proboscis into a whole prothoracic leg. Sometimes the distal parts of the homoeotic leg (segments of tarsus, claws) can coexist with or be substituted for by the aristal filaments. The transformation of oral lobes of proboscic into the leg is most conspicuous at 29 degrees C, while at 16 degrees C the substitution of tarsal structures by aristal ones is observed more frequently. The homology between the corresponding elements of the proboscis, legs and antenna (as revealed by the pattern of homoeosis) is discussed. PMID- 814055 TI - Total ankle joint replacement as an alternative to arthrodesis. PMID- 814056 TI - [Determination of anthio and butyphose in the water by the method of thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 814058 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of hepatic coma]. PMID- 814057 TI - [Alloimmunization with HL-A antigens as an indication to preterm, induced labor]. PMID- 814060 TI - State of the visual analysor by vibration diseases. PMID- 814059 TI - Polycardiographical examinations in patients with emphysema and bronchitis chronica. PMID- 814061 TI - Effectiveness of retaining beta radioactive substances by cigarette filters from the acetate type. PMID- 814062 TI - Concerning the fatty and protein metabolism in advanced and old age. PMID- 814064 TI - Apexkinetocardiography--method and diagnostic possibilities. PMID- 814063 TI - Excretion of uropepsinogen in case of a disturbed acidity and morphological changes in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 814065 TI - Simultaneous development of a fibromyxosarcoma of the ileum and argentaffinoma of the appendix. PMID- 814066 TI - Upon some peculiarities of the blood supply of the brain in advanced and old age. PMID- 814067 TI - Effect of sodium arsenite on the biosynthesis of mitomycins by Streptomyces caespitosus and mode of action of mitomycin C on Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-543. AB - Addition of different concentrations of sodium arsenite to the fermentation medium used for the production of mitomycin antibiotics by Streptomyces caespitosus hindered the biosynthesis of mitomycins and led to the accumulation of 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate and acetone. Mitomycin C isolated and purified using thin-layer chromatography in low concentration of about 0.1 mug/ml did not affect the RNA, DNA and protein biosynthesis of the growing Bacillus subtilis, while at 10 mug/ml mitomycin C markedly affected RNA, DNA and protein biosynthesis. PMID- 814069 TI - Activation of lipolytic activity of Streptococcus faecalis by nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 814068 TI - Biological activity of hydroxyanthraquinones and their glucosides toward microorganisms. AB - Five mono- and dihydroxyanthraquinones as well as 12 of their glucosides (both free and acetylated) were tested with six different microbial species using the plate-diffusion method. None of the tested substances was active against Escherichia coli, 15 of the 17 substances displayed an activity toward Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Streptomyces aureofaciens. Relationships between the substance type and biological activity are discussed. PMID- 814070 TI - Antimicrobial efficiency of omega-piperidinoethyl esters of n-alkoxy phenylcarbamic acids. PMID- 814071 TI - Behavioral effects of L-dopa and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in schizophrenic patients: a preliminary report. AB - L-Dopa (in a dose of 300-400 mg daily) was used concomitantly with conventional antipsychotic drugs in four patients with long-standing schizophrenia (of more than 10 years' duration). In two of these four patients marked symptomatic improvement was observed, while in the other two symptoms remained unchanged. Symptoms that were found most responsive included disturbance of contact with others and emotional poverty. PMID- 814072 TI - Enhanced growth hormone responses to TRH injection in bipolar depressed patients. AB - Twenty-five depressed patients were examined as to their growth hormone responses to TRH. An enhanced pituitary growth hormone response to intravenous injection of 500 mug TRH was observed in eight depressed patients, while TRH administration did not raise growth hormone levels in nine of 10 normal subjects examined. Occurrence of enhanced response of growth hormone was not related to the thyrotropin values after TRH administration. Bipolar patients exhibited enhanced growth-hormone response more frequently than unipolar patients. Five patients with involutional depression and neurotic depression who showed the most insufficient thyrotropin release to TRH administration together with lowered thyroid function revealed to be non-responders of growth hormone. PMID- 814073 TI - Thyroid function levels and thyrotropin responses to TRH administration in manic patients receiving lithium carbonate. AB - To determine the pituitary-thyroid dysfunction in the manic patients receiving lithium carbonate, determination of thyroxine concentration, T3 Resin Uptake, thyrotropin concentration in plasma, and thyrotropin responses to administration of TRH, 500 mug i.v., were made. Eight manic patients were examined before and after lithium treatment, 600-1,200 mg daily, for four weeks. Slight reduction in the plasma levels of thyroxine, and slight increase in the plasma thyrotropin levels were seen following lithium treatment. Significantly enhanced thyrotropin responses to TRH administration were found as compared to the results before lithium treatment. It is assumed that lithium salts decrease both output of thyroid hormones and the sensitivity of the thyroid gland to thyrotropin, and that this action of lithium inhibiting the thyroid gland might be related to its anti-manic effect. PMID- 814074 TI - Determination of the concentration of explosives in air by isotope dilution analysis. AB - The concentrations in air of dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were measured at 25 degrees C under equilibrium conditions, and that of cyclomethylene trinitramine (RDX) was measured at elevated temperature by means of an isotope dilution technique. Isotopically multi-labeled compounds were synthesized and used as diluents. Field ionization mass spectrometry was used to measure the abundance ratios of the unlabeled materials. The concentrations in air at 25 degrees C of DNT, TNT, NG, EDGN, PETN, and RDX are 184, 4, 31, 37,000, 7, and 0.8 ppb v/v, respectively. The data obtained may be used for the assessment of the required sensitivity of air-monitoring detection systems. PMID- 814075 TI - The kinetics of electrical activity of beta cells in response to a "square wave" stimulation with glucose or glibenclamide. AB - The effect of a "square wave" stimulation with glucose or glibenclamide on the electrical activity of beta-cells has been studied with microelectrode techniques in isolated perifused mouse islets. While glucose evoked a burst activity with periodic oscillations of the membrane potential between two levels, glibenclamide produced a constant depolarization with a continuous spike activity. In both cases the time course of activity was biphasic and resembled closely the corresponding patterns of insulin release. The effect of glibenclamide on the membrane was irreversible. The results provide further evidence for a direct correlation between insulin release and electrical activity. Furthermore, it is suggested that the membrane potential is, at least in part, involved in the mechanism of biphasic insulin release. PMID- 814076 TI - Induction and yield of reaginic antibodies in mouse serum and ascitic fluid. AB - Reaginic antibody in ascitic fluid was isolated from mice immunized with ovalbumin and TAl(OH)3 or with avalbumin and pertussis adjuvant. Partial purification of this reagin by ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange column chromatography yielded a gammaglobulin fraction highly active in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. This was identical in purity and specific activity to a fraction of partially purified reagin isolated from mouse antiserum. The recovery of reaginic activity after purification from ascitic fluid was 19 per cent compared to the 7-8 per cent recovery from anti serum. These studies demonstrate that ascitic fluid in mice immunized with methods known to produce reaginic antibody provides an excellent source of mouse IgE. PMID- 814079 TI - Salmonella indiana (1, 4, 12 : Z : 1, 7) : a serotype isolated for the first time in India. PMID- 814077 TI - Suppression of synthesis of an IgG subclass in a persistent viral infection. AB - Comparison of immunoglobulin levels of nine horses before and after infection with equine infectious anaemia (EIA) virus demonstrated a significant depression of serum IgG(T) at 2 months (P less than 0-001) and at 1 year (P less than 0-01) after infection. In contrast, the levels of IgGa were significantly increased at both times after infection. Another sixteen horses with EIA for 1-4 months were examined and there was also significant depression (P less than 0-001) of IgG(T) when compared to pre-infection levels. No significant changes in IgG(T), IgGa and IgM were noted in fourteen normal horses housed for 2-7 months in the same manner as infected horses. Following DNP immunization there was a significant (P less than 0-02) decrease in the amount of IgG(T) antibody produced in five horses with EIA when compared to five normal horses. Metabolism studies with iodinated IgG(T) showed a significant (P less than 0-001) decrease in synthesis of this immunoglobulin in EIA-infected horses when compared to normal horses. Amounts of IgGa synthesized were similar in the two groups. Thus, persistent EIA viral infection suppresses the synthesis of IgG(T), an IgG subclass, without suppressing IgGa. PMID- 814078 TI - Production of monospecific goat antisera to sheep IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulins. AB - Monospecific antisera to sheep IgG1 and IgG2 were produced in goats. The production of such antisera, essential for single radial diffusion technique, may be explained by the common phylogenetic origin of the two species. PMID- 814080 TI - Enteric infections in captive monkeys II. Symptomless shedder of enteropathogenic bacteria. PMID- 814081 TI - An evaluation of age-independent anthropometric indices for the assessment of nutritional status in pre-school children. PMID- 814082 TI - Carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amongst hospital staff and surgical patients on admission. PMID- 814083 TI - Protein calorie malnutrition--a follow-up study. PMID- 814084 TI - Soluble complement fixing (SCF) antibody to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in human sera. PMID- 814085 TI - Evaluation of the special nutrition programme in the tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 814086 TI - An experimental model of aortic coarctation in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 814088 TI - Radiation pneumonitis. PMID- 814087 TI - Pencillin therapy in gonorrhoea: correlation of in vitro resistance of N. gonorrhoeae strains with clinical response to penicillin and its blood levels. PMID- 814089 TI - Biochemical basis of psychosomatic constitution. PMID- 814090 TI - Frequency-modulation of hippocampal stimulation effects on cardio-respiratory responses in monkeys. PMID- 814091 TI - Experimental infection in animals with influenza viruses. PMID- 814092 TI - Cytopathological and cytochemical studies in respiratory viruses in tissue cultured cells. I. Infection with influenza A2 and influenza B viruses. PMID- 814093 TI - Cytopathological and cytochemical studies on respiratory viruses in tissue cultured cells. II. Infection with REO virus. PMID- 814094 TI - Cytopathological and cytochemical studies on respiratory viruses in tissue cultured cells. IV. Infection with mumps and respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 814095 TI - Chromosome aberrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 814096 TI - Neurofibroma, pachydermatocele of skin and cutis verticis gyrata. PMID- 814097 TI - Measurement of antibody to influenza virus neuraminidase by single radial hemolysis in agarose gels. AB - A simple method of assaying anti-influenza neuraminidase antibodies in human sera was described. Suitable antigenic hybrid viruses were adsorbed to sheep erythrocytes, which were then incorporated into agarose gels. When sera were introduced into wells cut in the gels, zones of hemolysis were observed in the neighborhood of those containing neuraminidase antibodies. There was a direct relationship between zone size and antibody titer. No purification of adsorbed viruses was necessary. The test was rapid, required very simple reagents, gave results that agreed well with those given by conventional techniques, and appeared to be the most sensitive of four methods evaluated. Studies of cross reactions by hyperimmune sera against homologous and heterologous neuraminidases and of absorption of neuraminidase antibodies from human sera indicated a high degree of specificity. The technique seems to be suitable for large-scale epidemiological investigations. PMID- 814098 TI - Effect of rifampin on immunity to tuberculosis and on delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative. AB - Mice vaccinated with mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) produced a high immune response and did not develop delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD), and rifampin had no effect on the immune response. Mice vaccinated with viable H37Ra cells produced a high immune response and did develop delayed hypersensitivity to PPD. Rifampin had no effect on this immune response, but reduced the footpad reactions to PPD. Both mycobacterial RNA and poly(A:U) served as adjuvants for induction of hypersensitivity to PPD. This hypersensitivity was reduced by the administration of rifampin. Rifampin had no effect on the production of mycobacterial growth inhibitory factor, which is produced following vaccination of mice with mycobacterial RNA or viable H37Ra cells. Rifampin had no effect on the nonspecific phase of the granulomatous response, but did inhibit the secondary allergic phase of this response. The action, therefore, of rifampin that inhibits the induction of delayed hypersensitivity but had no effect on the immune responses against tuberculosis leads to a separation of tuberculin hypersensitivity from cellular immunity to tuberculosis. PMID- 814099 TI - Microbial synergy in experimental intra-abdominal abscess. AB - Intra-abdominal sepsis was studied in Wistar rats by using four microbial species: Escherichia coli, enterococci, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium varium. These organisms were implanted into the peritoneal cavity singly and in all possible dual combinations. Results were evaluated by mortality rates and the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses on autopsy following sacrifice after 7 days. Mortality was restricted to recipients of E. coli, thus implicating coliforms in the acute lethality associated with this experimental model. Intra abdominal abscesses were produced in 61 of 95 (94%) animals that received the combination of an anaerobe and a facultative organism. Abscesses failed to form with any single strain or with E. coli plus enterococci, and they were detected in one 1 of 19 animals receiving B. fragilis plus F. varium. These results suggest that intra-abdominal abscess formation is related to synergy between anaerobes and facultative bacteria. PMID- 814101 TI - Response of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Bdellovibrio species. AB - Bdellovibrio species are small, highly motile bacteria that are predators upon other bacteria in nature. Bdellovibrios attach to, penetrate, replicate within, and destroy prey that share the general characteristic of gram negativity. The lipopolysaccharide moiety of the cell membrane of target microorganisms appears to contain the principal receptor site for bdellovibrio attachment. Since gonococci also contain lipopolysaccharide that is similar in many respects to that contained within gram-negative rods, studies were conducted to determine the extent of gonococcal interaction with a variety of bdellovibrio species. Despite transient attachment, penetration of gonococci by bdellovibrios never occurred. Failure of bdellovibrio parasitization was unrelated to gonococcal species, colony type, piliation, penicillin susceptibility, or virulence as influenced by passage in embryonated eggs. In experiments involving mixtures of gonococci and more typical gram-negative bacillary prey, the latter were always attacked by bdellovibrios, whereas the former were ignored. Despite evidence for similarities between gonococcal and gram-negative bacillary lipopolysaccharides, resemblances do not extend to the point where gonococci are susceptible to bdellovibrio parasitization. PMID- 814100 TI - Selective adherence as a determinant of the host tropisms of certain indigenous and pathogenic bacteria. AB - The relationship between the selective abilities of bacteria to adhere and their predilections for colonizing different mammalian hosts was investigated by using bacteria indigenous to the tongue dorsum of humans and rats as models. Streptococcus salivarius and S. sanguis averaged 22.6 and 2.8%, respectively, of the cultivable bacteria recovered from swab samples of the tonges of five humans, but these organisms were not indigenous on the tongues of rats (Charles River strain). S. faecalis and serum-requiring diphtheroids were consistently prominant on the tongues of rats, but they were not detected on the tongues of the humans examined. The ability of these organisms to adhere to the tongue surface of the hosts was compared by introducing mixtures of streptomycin-resistant strains into the mouths of human volunteers and rats. S. salivarius adhered in higher proportions to the dorsal tongue surface of humans than did strains of S. faecalis and the serum-requiring diphtheroid. S. sanguis also adhered to human tongues better than the serum-requiring diphtheroid. However, S. faecalis and the serum-requiring diphtheroid sorbed in higher proportions to the tongues of rats. In an in vivo assay, human strains of S. pyogenes and S. salivarius attached in higher numbers to buccal epithelial cells derived from humans than to those obtained from rats, whereas the reverse was observed with a serum-requiring diphtheroid derived from rats. Collectively, these studies show that bacteria sorb with a high degree of specificity to the tissues of different mammalian hosts, and the relative adherence of the organisms studied correlated with their natural host tropisms. The selective adherence of S. salvarius and S. faecalis was similar to the tongues of conventional and germ-free rats, suggesting that the presence of an indigenous bacterial flora did not significantly influence their attachment selectivity. Moreover, the ability of these organisms to colonize the tongues of gnotobiotic rats lacking an indigenous flora paralleled their adherence selectivity. Direct scanning microscopic observations indicated that the tongue dorsum of conventional rats is highly papillated but contains relatively sparse bacterial populations. Indigenous organisms colonized the bases of papillae on the anterior tip and lateral edges of the tongue as discrete microcolonies, but bacteria were rarely observed on other papillae. This localized and restricted pattern of colonization and the spatial distribution of the microcolonies of indigenous bacteria present also suggest that antagonistic interactions are unlikely to account for the bacterial tropisms observed for colonization of the tongues of rats. PMID- 814102 TI - IgE-mediated anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig and the effect of disodium cromoglycate. AB - Using guinea pigs, the development of anaphylactic hypersensitivity with time after Trichinella spiralis infection has been studied, the response being assessed in terms of bronchoconstriction at 5, 12, 19 and 26 days after infection. In addition, the susceptibility of these reactions to treatment with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has been determined. At 12 days after infection, DSCG significantly reduced the severity of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction, suggesting that IgE competes with IgG1 antibody for sensitisation sites in the lung. PMID- 814103 TI - Inhibition of allergic reactions by cromoglycate and by a new anti-allergic drug(10-chloro-1,4,6,9-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxopyrido(3,2-g)quinoline-2,8 dicarboxylic acid). II. Activity in primates against aerosolized Ascaris suum antigen. AB - Immediate type hypersensitivity to Ascaris antigen in rhesus reactor monkeys was used to assess the pharmacologic profile of Cromolyn Na and a new inhibitor of IgE-medited lung function changes. Cutaneous reactivity to Ascaris correlated poorly with a respiratory response to antigen. Two parameters used to measure lung function, respiratory rate increase and tidal volume decrease, were significantly altered by Cromolyn Na and compound A. PMID- 814104 TI - Fc- and complement-receptor rosette-forming cell ratios in human tonsils and peripheral blood. AB - Lymphocytes were investigated for both Fc- and complement-rosette-forming cell activities. At least three subpopulations differing in the relative activities of the Fc and complement receptors have been disclosed. In human tonsils a subpopulation of B lymphocytes had a higher complement-receptor activity than Fc receptor activity. In contrast, the peripheral cells from a patient with a lymphoma and another with an undiagnosed lymphocytic disease contained a population of B lymphocytes with higher Fc-receptor than complement- receptor activity. In three patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B lymphocytes contained both Fc- and complement-receptor activities. No differences between complement- and Fc-receptor activities were evident in normal human peripheral blood. Fc-receptor, but not complement-receptor activity was inhibited by 2% gamma-globulin, or 8 X 10(3) M iodoacetate. EDTA at 1.7 X 19(-2) M concentration has no effect upon Fc- or complement-rosette-forming cells. The activity of both receptors was diminished at 4 degrees C. PMID- 814105 TI - A retrospective assessment of the long-term effects of dothiepin. AB - A hospital-based study reports the treatment with dothiepin hydrochloride (Prothiaden) of 237 depressed patients, some for over 2 years. Of the initial 237 patients a total of 84 patients had to be withdrawn from the study, over one third of these because of non-attendance. Only 26 (11.8%) of all patients failed to respond and 23 (9.7%) had to be withdrawn because of side effects, the commonest being dry mouth (6 patients) and drowsiness (4). The dosage required was between 75 and 225 mg/day with 75% of patients receiving between 125 and 150 mg/day. The majority of patients (75.2%) were well and off therapy by 9 months but a hard core of 30 patients (19.6%) required long-term therapy in excess of 2 years. The study showed dothiepin to be a well tolerated, safe and effective antidepressant with a special place in the treatment of chronic depressive states in inadequate personalities. PMID- 814106 TI - The problem of post-psychotic schizophrenic depressions and their pharmacological induction. Long-term studies with fluspirilene and penfluridol and single-blind trial with fluphenazine-decanoate and flupenthixol-decanoate. AB - The authors discuss the historical aspects, as well as the various etiological and clinical factors which contribute to the so-called pharmacogenically induced depressions during treatment by means of neuroleptics generally, and long-term neuroleptics especially. An open study on 161 schizophrenic patients treated by means of fluspirilene and 123 patients treated by means of penfluridol is described. A single blind trial on 48 patients, by means of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol-decanoate, which compares the possible depression inducing or antidepressant activity of the above drugs, is presented. The criteria for evaluating drug-induced depressions and their two clinical types are discussed. PMID- 814107 TI - Synthesis and chromatographic properties of cysthationamine. A substrate for diamineoidase. AB - Details are reported for the preparation of the 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl sulfide from 3-bromopropylamine and 2-mercaptoethylamine. For this compound, the shorter name cystathionamine is proposed. The corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone have been also prepared. Some analytical data and chromatographic properties are reported. Preliminary results show that cystathionamine is a good substrate for the pig kidney diamineoxidase. PMID- 814108 TI - A temperature-sensitive behavioural mutant of Drosophila melanogaster: Out-cold. PMID- 814109 TI - Mode of action of a homoeotic gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Localization and dosage effects of Polycomb. PMID- 814110 TI - The effect of conditioning the medium in DRosophila, in relation to frequency dependent selection. AB - In the context of frequency-dependent selection, the effect of conditioning the medium, by the previous culture of larvae of a given strain, on the survival of subsequent larvae of the same or different strains was measured. Six strains were sued, some inbred and some lines selected for low or high sternopleural bristles. The survival of larvae was not significantly less when the food had been conditioned by the same strain rather than by another strain, nor did conditioning by one strain have any special effect on the survival of another. The survival of lines on medium conditioned by the same strain was not less than on fresh medium, and in some cases was significantly greater. PMID- 814111 TI - A test of the influence of isoallelic variation upon a quantitative character. AB - In order to test the assumption that isoalleles can contribute to polygenic variation, several isoalleles of cubitus interruptus were examined for their influence upon the quantitative expression of a related venation mutant, veinlet. In spite of the fact that veinlet and cubitus interruptus affect closely related developmental processes, the ci isoalleles had no effect upon the expression of veinlet. This test does not, of course, disprove the hypothesis that isoalleles play a part in polygenic variation. It is clear, however, that not all seemingly relevant isoalleles are necessarily effective elements in a given polygenic system. PMID- 814112 TI - Histochemistry of the metanephros in the golden hamster. II. The adult ureter. AB - Adult ureter epithelium of the golden hamster is found to be multilayered but not stratified. All epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane and thereby get into close vicinity to the underlying dense capillary network of the lamina propria. By this diffusion distances for nutritial fluids are kept very short. As can be seen from high glycoproteid and glycolipid content as well as high SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities, superficial cells are higher differentiated than intermediate and basal cells where enzyme activities and concentrations of glycoproteids and glycolipids are always found to be lower. From low RNA concentrations in all layers of ureter epithelium, high G6PDH activity and glycolipid content, it is concluded that pentose-phosphate cycle primarily functions as donator of reduced NADP for lipid synthesis. Dual presence of SDH and LDH activities in ureter epithelium is seen in hypothetical connection with periods of changing oxygen supply caused by ureter peristalsis. Small amounts of glycogen are metabolically rather inactive as revealed by low or absent phosphorylase and UDPGGT activities. PMID- 814113 TI - Dynamics of liver glycogen: the topochemistry of glycogen synthesis, glycogen content and glycogenolysis under the experimental conditions of glycogen accumulation and depletion. AB - Using histochemical techniques the glycogen content and the activities of glycogen synthetase (UDPGGT) and phosphorylase were studied in the livers of 106 golden hamsters under following experimental conditions; a) starvation of 16, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours: b) alloxan-diabetes. Starvation leads to a depletion of liver glycogen during the first 48 hours, which is finally restricted to zone 3 of the liver acinus. After starvation of 72 and 96 hours a new glycogen accumulation is demonstrable in the microvasculatory periphery of the acinus (zone 3 and 2). The process of glycogen depletion is characterized in the beginning by a high phosphorylase activity in all zones of the acinus, later only in the forefield of glycogen content. The weak activity of glycogen synthetase is mainly restricted to zone 3. All phases of glycogen depletion are to be found in alloxan diabetic animals, too. Out of 45 hamsters 23 showed an extreme depletion of glycogen; typical for this situation is a weak or absent glycogen synthetase activity in zone 3 and a broad field of phosphorylase activity in zones 1 and 2. The short stimulation by insulin leads to a considerable increase of glycogen synthetase activity at the portally oriented border of the glycogen area and to a shift of the moderate phosphorylase activity of zone 1. Thus the histochemical characteristics of glycogen depletion are: a shift of the reduced glycogen content in direction of the microvasculatory periphery of the liver acinus (zone 3), caused by a high phosphorylase activity in the portal forefield, while glycogen synthetase activity is low in the glycogen area. The histochemical characteristics of glycogen accumulation are: after a short phase of glycogen synthesis in all hepatocytes a moderate phosphorylase activity in zone 1 leads to a mobilization of the portal glycogen deposits and to an increasing accumulation of glycogen in the peripheral part of the acinus. At the portally oriented border of the glycogen area a high synthetase activity leads to a broadening of the glycogen area in direction of the portal branches. At the end of this process the "normal" pattern of the liver acinus occurs: all hepatocytes are filled with glycogen, the glycogen enzymes are restricted to the periportal border of zone 1. PMID- 814114 TI - Disruption of the sarcolemma of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers by homogenization. AB - A new method has been developed for mechanically disrupting the sarcolemma of mammalian sketletal muscle fibers (sarcolemma nonfunctional). Single fibers were produced from small pieces of the soleus muscle of the rabbit by gentle homogenization in a relaxing solution in a tissue homogenizer. These fibers were found to be longitudinally intact, with a sarcomere spacing of approximately 2.1 mum, permeable to large molecules of 10,000 MW, sensitive to the chemical stimuli that cause Ca2+ to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and responsive to Ca2+ in the same manner as frog fibers skinned in the traditional manner. The single fibers were mounted in a tension transducer and steady-state tensions were recorded in test solutions of different Ca2+ concentrations. The data did not differ statistically from data similarly obtained in identically prepared fibers that, in addition, we had longitudinally split in half to ensure disruption of the sarcolemmal barrier to the diffusion of ions. PMID- 814115 TI - Determination of body surface area in the rhesus monkey. AB - Body surface areas (BSA) of 31 apparently normal rhesus monkeys of both sexes weighing 3.2-5.3 kg were determined by the direct skinning technique. The range of measured BSA was 1,940-3,020 cm2 (mean = 2,430 cm2). The BSA values of male and female monkeys were not significantly different. The K value, calculated as the ratio of BSA (cm2)/body wt2/3 (kg), was 969 +/- 15 (SE). Based on the principle of least squares for goodness of fit between the measured and calculated BSA, the best equation was determined to be (see article). A nomogram was constructed for rapid determination of the BSA of rhesus monkeys with known body weight and lengths (head to anus). Monkey BSA could also be computed by multiplying the DuBois human BSA equation by a factor of 1.147 for the head-to anus measure of length or by 0.891 for the head-to-heel measurement. PMID- 814116 TI - Formation of beta-methylmalate and its conversion to citramalate in Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Using a cell-free extract of Rhodospirillum rubrum, studies were made of the condensation reaction between propionyl-CoA and glyoxylate. When [14C]propionate was incubated with the extract in the presence of glyoxylate, ATP, CoA, Mg2+, and Mn2+, radioactivity was incorporated into several compounds. Two of the main products were characterized as citramalate (CMA) and erythro-beta-methylmalate (erythro-MMA) on the basis of their behavior compared with authentic samples of CMA and erythro-MMA in the following three analyses: (i) paper chromatography using two solvent systems, (ii) radio-gas chromatography on their methyl esters, and (iii) chemical conversion to readily crystallizable derivatives, that is, citramalyl chloralide for CMA, and thymine for MMA. The CMA was thought to be of L(+)-form based on the results of optical resolution with brucine and also its susceptibility to L(+)-citramalate lyase of Clostridium tetanomorphum. When the reaction was carried out with lower concentrations of the enzyme, only MMA was accumulated. However, when the reaction was allowed to proceed further after addition of higher concentrations of the enzyme and of excess semicarbazide to prevent further condensation, the amount of accumulated MMA was decreased and CMA was formed instead. Furthermore, the time course of MMA and CMA formation exhibited a pattern typical of a precursor-product relationship. From these results, it was concluded that MMA was formed by alpha-condensation between propionyl-CoA and glyoxylate, and that CMA was derived from MMA, possibly from its CoA derivative. PMID- 814118 TI - Structures of multi-branched dextrins produced by saccharifyiing alpha-amylase from starch. AB - From the digest of beta-limit dextrin (prepared from glutinous rice starch) with saccharifying alpha-amylase of Bacillus subtilis [EC 3.2.1.1] (BSA), two extensibely branched dextrins consisting of nine (No. 6, Fig. 1) and ten (No 7, Fig.1) glucose units were isolated by paper chromatography. Structural analysis using various enzymes revealed that No. 6 and No. 7 were both mixtures of four triply branched dextrins. They had structures which were built up with 63-alpha glucosylmaltotriose and/or 62-alpha-glucosylmaltose as a linking unit. However, the branching configuration and the minimum alpha-1, 4-glucosidic linkages existing between two branches followed one of the three structures shown below: (see article). PMID- 814117 TI - Utilization of adenosine for nucleotide synthesis in the erythrocytes of some animals. AB - Erythrocytes of human, monkey, dog, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hen, or frog were incubated with [U-14C]adenosine at a concentration of 0.23 muM, a level roughly corresponding to its plasma level in mammals. Direct utilization of adenosine by phosphorylation (the kinase pathway) and indirect utilization via hypoxanthine (the hypoxanthine pathway) were analyzed from the ratio of the specific radioactivities of nucleotide and base, as described previously (1,2). Both human and monkey cells efficiently utilized adenosine only by the kinase pathway, while rodent cells used the same route with an efficiency which varied with the species. Canine cells incorporated adenosine in extremely small amounts both by the kinase pathway and via the hypoxanthine pathway with a marked predominance of the former. Frog erythrocytes were similar to dog cells in mechanism of utilization, but the efficiency was of the same level as that of the primates. In contrast to other animals tested, the avian cells utilized twice as much adenosine via the hypoxanthine pathway as by the kinase pathway. PMID- 814119 TI - Amino acid sequence of flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. I. Cyanogen bromide peptides. AB - Sequence studies are presented on the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. Eight unique CNBr peptides, ranging in length from 4 to 113 residues, were isolated in pure state. These peptides accounted for the amino acid composition of flagellin. The NH2-terminal methionyl residue of the protein reacted only partially with CNBr. Partial cleavage was observed at a Met-Glu bond (residues 22 to 23) of the protein. PMID- 814120 TI - Amino acid sequence of flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. II. Tryptic peptides from maleylated flagellin. AB - Fifteen pure peptides, ranging in length from 2 to 141 residues, were isolated from the tryptic digest of maleylated flagellin. Studies of these peptides in conjunction with the data on the eight cyanogen bromide peptides described earlier (Chang, J. Y., DeLange, R. J., Shaper, J. H., and Glazer, A. N. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 695-700) established the order of three of the CNBr peptides at the NH2 terminus and of three at the COOH terminus of flagellin. PMID- 814121 TI - Amino acid sequence of flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. III. Tryptic peptides, N-bromosuccinimide peptides, and the complete amino acid sequence. AB - Of the 28 expected tryptic peptides from Bacillus subtilis 168 flagellin, 24 were isolated and sequenced. Several overlapping tryptic peptides were also characterized. Studies were also performed on two peptides of 142 and 162 residues isolated after cleavage of the flagellin molecule at the single tyrosine residue (residue 142) with N-bromosuccinimide. These studies together with the previous data on the cyanogen bromide peptides and the tryptic peptides from maleylated flagellin permitted the complete amino acid sequence to be established: (see article). The primary structure reveals no obvious regularities or major repetitions of homologous sequences. Hydrophobic residues are distributed randomly in the amino acid sequence. However, the distribution of charged residues is strikingly asymmetric. The NH2-terminal region (residues 1 to 101) possesses a net charge of 6 plus, the middle of the molecule (residues 102 to 203), a net charge of 9 minus, and the COOH terminal region (residues 204 to 304), a net charge of 4 minus. PMID- 814122 TI - Purification of normal and inactive galactosemic galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from human red cells. AB - A rapid method is described for the purification of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.12) from human red blood cells by the use of DEAE cellulose and two steps of affinity chromatography on a "uridine-aminohexyl" agarose column. The enzyme consists of two identical subunits of 31,000 molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 chromatography gave a molecular weight of 69,000 for the native enzyme, it being eluted from the column with bovine serum albumin. Cross-linking of the enzyme with dimethylsuberimidate followed by analysis of the products by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis caused the near-disappearance of the 31,000 molecular weight subunit and the appearance of a protein with a molecular weight of about 65,000 without the appearance of higher polymers. PMID- 814123 TI - An activator stimulating the enzymic hydrolysis of sphingoglycolipids. AB - An activator stimulating the enzymic hydrolysis of sphingoglycolipids has been purified from human liver. The purity of the activator, as examined by disc gel electrophoresis, showed one major band stained with both amido black and periodate-Schiff reagent. Chemical analyses identify the activator as a glycoprotein. The physical properties of the activator are: heat-stable, nondialyzable; molecular weight, about 21,000; isoelectric point (pI), 4.1. The purified activator stimulates the hydrolysis of GM1 by beta-galactosidase, GM2 by beta-hexosaminidase, as well as ceramide trihexoside by alpha-galactosidase A or B. The hydrolysis by glycosidases depends upon the amount of activator added. An antibody against the activator was developed from rabbits. The specificity of the antibody to the activator has been established. The antibody was used to make the affinity column for isolation of the activator. It was also used to develop a sensitive immunodiffusion method to detect the activator. PMID- 814124 TI - Membrane-associated enzymes involved in nucleoside processing by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from L929 cells grown in defined medium. AB - adenosine, adenosine,Transport-competent plasma membrane vesicles isolated from a subline of L929 cells (L929se-) grown in serum-free, defined medium accumulate ribose-1-P when exposed to adensoine, inosine, guanosine, or uridine. This observation suggests the action of one or more nucleoside phosphorylases acting prior to, during, or subsequent to the transport event. Extravesicular ribose-1-P neither inhibits uptake nor exchanges with intravesicular ribose-1-P, indicating that the action of the phosphorylase is not prior to uptake. Preloading the vesicles with inosine prior to subjecting the vesicles to conditions under which further uptake could not take place (in the presence of caffeine) did not result in an alteration of the ribose-1-P to inosine ratio within the vesicles. This observation was interpreted as evidence that only exogenously derived, not intravesicular inosine, is the substrate for the nucleoside phosphorylase. This datum, when taken with the fact that hypoxanthine is never found to be a significant extent within the vesicles, suggests that the phosphorolytic cleavage of inosine occurs as a group translocation during the transport itself, so that hypoxanthine is released to the surrounding medium while the ribose-1-P accumulates intravesicularly. Thus, phosphorolysis would seem to occur during passage across the membrane. PMID- 814125 TI - Experimental and analytical determinations of the mechanical impedance response of animals to vertical vibration. PMID- 814126 TI - Freeman-Sheldon ("whistling face") syndrome. PMID- 814127 TI - A localized region of basal body proliferation in growing cells of Dileptus visscheri (ciliata, gymnostomate). AB - In the ciliate Dileptus organisms are completely organized at the time of excystation. They grow intensively, increasing in volume several times, before they reach the trophic cell size. The growth includes both the somatic part of the body as well as the oral parts, consisting of the cytostomal field and the ventral band of the proboscis. From the time of excystation, during the growth of the cell, the oral apparatus is able to capture and ingest food. Growth of an oral apparatus while functioning has not previously been reported in cilates. The proliferation of new oral kinetosomes in the growing oral apparatus occurs only in the cytostomal field. There is no proliferation of ciliature in the oral kineties of the growing proboscis. In those regions of the somatic kineties bordering the cytostomal field an extensive proliferation of somatic ciliature takes place. The zone of proliferation common to the oral and somatic ciliature supplies new kinetosomes for the elongating proboscis, the growing oral apparatus and the growth of the rest of the body. The mode of proliferation of the oral kinetosomes differs from that of the somatic kinetosomes. The oral kinetosomes form randomly in large numbers, appearing similar to an anarchic field such as is found in other ciliates. The somatic kinetosomes always arise singly and in a defined position in relation to the mature kinetosome. The proliferation of basal bodies in a defined area in Dileptus suggests the existence of a growth zone localized around the cytostomal field. PMID- 814128 TI - The fixation of nuclei and chromosomes. AB - Chromosomes in the nuclei of living salivary glands of Simulium have been observed with Nomarski optics and polarized light before and during irrigation with various fixatives. All cause loss of chromosomal organization to some degree. The best fixative is redistilled glutaraldehyde; even so, although it leaves the nucleus visually unaltered, a network forms in the nuclear sap and birefringence is lost. Calcium ions in the fixative cause chromosomal movements. The fixatives may alter nucleoli and may dissolve them completely. New fixatives are needed for reliable fine-structural studies of chromosomal organization. PMID- 814129 TI - Macronuclear division with and without microtubules in Tetrahymena. AB - The effects of cold shocks (0 degrees C) and colchicine (4 mg/ml) on macronuclear microtubules and macronuclear division have been investigated in Tetrahymena. Macronuclear division was affected by both treatments, but loss of microtubules occurred only in the presence of colchicine. When colchicine was applied immediately prior to macronuclear elongation, the nuclei underwent a partial elongation without microtubules, but were unable to constrict and separate into daughter nuclei. Such nuclei were cut in two by the advancing cytoplasmic fission furrow. When colchicine was applied to macronuclei in the fully elongated state, that maintained their elongation in the absence of microtubules, and were subsequently separated into daughter nuclei by the cytoplasmic furrow. It is suggested that macronuclear microtubules, most probably the membrane-associated microtubules, are required for the terminal stages of nuclear elongation and separation. However, the considerable macronuclear elongation which takes place in the absence of microtubules serves to focus attention on molecular mechanisms of force production which must reside elsewhere in the macronucleus. PMID- 814130 TI - TLC analysis of carbaryl insecticide on sprayed foliage. A student experiment. PMID- 814131 TI - Metabolism of 4,4'-dihalogenobiphenyls. PMID- 814132 TI - Recurrent hyperthyroidism in an acromegalic patient previously treated with proton beam irradiation: Graves' disease as probable etiology based on follow-up observations. AB - A 56-year-old woman presented in 1973 with hyperthyroidism and partial anterior pituitary insufficiency. Three years before she had undergone pituitary irradiation for acromegaly and hyperthyroidism, the latter was attributed at the time to excessive TSH secretion because of elevations in plasma TSH. During the present 11/2 years of observation, TSH levels were appropriately low and did not respond to iv TRH when the patient was hyperthyroid. Moreover, they did not rise during treatment, even as the patient became borderline hypothyroid. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism probably has always been due to Graves' disease. PMID- 814133 TI - Stimulation of rhesus monkey GH release: arginine vs plasma volume expansion. AB - Plasma GH and cortisol responses were examined in unanesthetized adult male rhesus monkeys infused with approximately 30 ml (8.3 ml/kg) of arginine monohydrochloride (Arg 0.5 g/kg), 0.9% saline (NS) or Dextran 75 and following 15 ml infusions of acid-saline (AS), or somatostatin (GHRIH 30 mug/kg). None of the infusions were accompanied by GH elevations. Rebound GH elevations occurred after each 30 ml infusion and after GHRIH but not after 15 ml AS. Although the amplitude of GH responses were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05), responses to Arg and dextran were significantly delayed as compared to responses following NS and GHRIH which did not differ from each other. Both of the latter responses occurred within 15 min of infusion completion. The delay following dextran was significantly longer than that following Arg (p less than 0.05). Since the volume of saline and the dosage of Arg were equivalent to those used in the standard intravenous Arg test, results suggest that effects of infusion volume upon GH secretion and upon GH responses to Arg warrant examination in the human. In addition, it is suggested that GH responses to NS and to dextran are mediated via an intravascular volume control mechanism and that GHRIH may be released upon activation of such a mechanism. GH elevations may represent rebound responses upon termination of GHRIH secretion. PMID- 814134 TI - A new extractant for serum thyroxine by enzymatic digestion of thyroxine binding proteins. AB - The use of a pepsin solution to digest serum proteins results in quantitative release of thyroxine from carrier proteins. This extraction method greatly simplifies the original Murphy and Pattee (1) competitive protein-binding assay for serum thyroxine. The simplicity and efficiency of this extractant suggest that it may have application in radioimmunoassay and competitive protein-binding assay for nonpeptide ligands in serum. PMID- 814135 TI - Erythroblastosis fetalis: ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 814136 TI - Bacterial endocarditis. Echocardiographic and clinical evaluation during therapy. AB - In two patients with bacterial endocarditis and apparent vegetations, the echocardiographic findings included thickening but normal excursion of the mitral leaflet and abnormal shaggy echoes superimposed on the mitral leaflet echogram. Both patients had had endocarditis several weeks before the study was performed. In both patients the abnormal echoes disappeared after antibiotic therapy. Whether or not the echocardiographic findings are specific to bacterial endocarditis must be determined by further studies. One patient had evidence of "immune complex disease" with vasculitis, hypocomplementemia, and renal failure which persisted for weeks after disappearance of vegetations on the echocardiogram. This sequence was unexpected, as a continued source of antigen for this reaction was not apparent. PMID- 814137 TI - Posterior fossa cyst:prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - Ultrasound imaging of congenital anomalies in utero is feasible. Fetal intracranial details of a posterior fossa cyst were demonstrated by sonography. To our knowledge, an ultrasonic antenatal diagnosis of a posterior fossa cyst has not yet been reported. PMID- 814138 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of the high rate of human multiple pregnancy in the first trimester. AB - The ultrasonic examination of 6,690 pregnant patients showed a greater number of multiple pregnancies than usually observed at delivery: 71 per cent of twin gestations diagnosed before 10 weeks were singletons when delivered. PMID- 814139 TI - Echocardiographic features of combined hypertrophic and membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis: a case report. AB - Combined hypertrophic and membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis was detected by echocardiography. The diagnosis was established by the discovery of severe asymmetric septal hypertrophy, a membrane in the left ventricular outflow tract, narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract, as well as high frequency fluttering and premature systolic closure of the aortic valve leaflets. PMID- 814141 TI - The echocardiographic appearance of a partially disrupted ventricular septal defect repair: a case report. AB - Case report detailing the echocardiographic appearance of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a patient with a partially disrupted ventricular septal defect patch. After surgery, the echocardiogram revealed a normal appearing left outflow tract. PMID- 814140 TI - Aortic root dissection: echocardiographic demon-stration of torn intimal flap. AB - An unusual case of aortic root aneurysm with dissection is described. A large intimal tear allowed a flap of aortic tissue to sag into the lumen. The echocardiographic and angiographic findings simulated an aortic supravalvular membrane. Surgical replacement of the aortic valve and aortic root was successfully accomplished. PMID- 814142 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous aspiration of lymphoceles following renal transplantation: a diagnostic and therapeutic method. AB - Percutaneous aspirations of perirenal collections under ultrasonographic control is a safe and simple therapeutic and diagnostic procedure in patients who have developed lymphoceles after renal transplantation. The diagnostic and therapeutic yield is far superior to any other method, short of surgical exploration. We encountered no complications in our cases. The technique is described in detail. PMID- 814143 TI - A technique for reproducing ultrasonograms by transparencies. PMID- 814144 TI - A technique for generating three-dimensional images from ultrasonography. AB - An improved technique is presented using readily available materials to produce an easy, inexpensive system for three-dimensional visualization of ultrasonic images. The author hopes this technique may stimulate others to look at three dimensional imaging as an easy, obtainable objective to explore its clinical applications. PMID- 814145 TI - A simple ultrasound guide for needle puncture. AB - A method of ultrasound directed needle puncture using a clamp and a guide block is described. It eliminates the need for an aspiration biopsy transducer and has proved to be simple, accurate, and inexpensive. PMID- 814146 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound of the urinary tract. PMID- 814147 TI - Choledochal cyst: report of a case with specific ultrasonographic findings. AB - A case of choledochal cyst in a 17 month old child is described. The ultrasonographic findings were felt to be specific in this case since the dilated common bile duct was noted to enter directly into a large right upper quadrant cyst. The clinical history, ultrasonographic findings, and differential diagnostic features are discussed. PMID- 814148 TI - Proceedings: Enzyme defects in mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 814149 TI - Behavioral thermoregulation in the squirrel monkey when response effort is varied. AB - Squirrel monkeys controlled the air temperature within their test chamber by pulling a chain to select between two preset air temperatures, 10 and 50 degrees C. When the force required to pull the chain was increased in steps from 2.94 to 6.86 N, interresponse interval increased, resulting in wider air temperature swings within the chamber. The average air temperature selected became progressively lower, producing a concomitant fall in skin temperature. However, internal body temperatures (rectal and brain stem) remained nearly constant due to a compensatory increase in metabolic heat production. By allowing a cooler, rather than warmer, environment to result from a decreased response rate, the monkeys guarded against hyperthermia, which they are ill equipped to handle autonomically. PMID- 814150 TI - Interactions among lactobacilli and man. AB - Lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria have been involved intimately with man for centuries. The associations have involved manufacture of various human foods as well as performance of various beneficial interactions in different parts of the human body. Renewed interests in the role of the intestinal microflora again have focused on the intestinal lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus acidophilus. PMID- 814151 TI - Specific inactivation of solid carbonic anhydrase upon X-ray resonance absorption in the constituent zinc atom. PMID- 814152 TI - Dietary counseling in ambulatory care. IV. The nutrition consultant in home care services. PMID- 814153 TI - Initial adjustment to a long-term care institution: medical and behavioral aspects. AB - One hundred elderly persons consecutively admitted to the Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged were studied during the first month after admission. Medical changes (chiefly cardiovascular) and behavioral changes were analyzed independently and then correlated. Four subgroups were found: 1) smooth adjustment and no significant medical changes (33 subjects); 2) smooth adjustment with significant medical changes (17 subjects); 3) severe adjustment problems but no significant medical changes (31 subjects); and 4) severe adjustment problems with significant medical changes (19 subjects). The aged persons most likely to have initial adjustment difficulties usually had poor capacity for interpersonal relationships, were socially isolated, were either single or divorced, had a dependent personality, had severe chronic brain syndrome, had a negative or ambivalent attitude toward admission, and often had been referred for psychiatric evaluation before admission. Major patterns of reaction were anxiety, aggressiveness and depression. Significant medical changes were more likely to develop in those with previous poor health who manifested an advanced state of confusion and depressive trends. Depression was related to concomitant medical changes rather than to the previous health status; it exacerbated the reaction to medical illness, which resulted in a decline in the level of functioning. In 58 per cent of the 50 patients with initial adjustment difficulties, a satisfactory level of adaptation was reached during the first six months after admission. PMID- 814154 TI - Elderly applicants to long-term care institutions. I. Their characteristics, health problems and state of mind. AB - As part of a study of long-term institutional care of the elderly, this report presents a comparison of the characteristics, health problems, and state of mind of 193 elderly applicants for such care (Group A) with those of 141 elderly persons living independently in the community (Group I). Group A members were older, living with a spouse less often, and had low incomes. They showed much more cerebrovascular disease, incontinence, recent loss of independence in the activities of daily living, dementia, recent hospitalization, loneliness, and depression. They had had much less recent involvement in social and recreational activities, although most had not been socially isolated. They had received more extensive help from relatives and friends, and it seemed unlikely that additional help from these sources would keep many more of these elderly persons out of institutions. Community agencies and services had been used by a relatively low proportion of Group A, and hardly at all by Group I. PMID- 814155 TI - Proceedings: The structures of cranial bone sutures. PMID- 814157 TI - Stereotaxic coordinates for the Rhesus monkey thalamus and mesencephalon referencing visual afferents and cytoarchitecture. AB - When using a stereotaxic instrument for visual field stimulation we found that electrode placements in the thalamus and mesencephalon of prone rhesus monkeys with the aid of avaiable atlases showed considerable errors. As these animals are valuable for primate visual system reseach an atlas was constructed with methods that have not been used before for rhesus. In addition, the specific connections from the visual cortices, superior colliculus and retina to the thalamus and mesencephalon are also shown. Anesthetized monkeys of specific body dimensions had a matrix of pins inserted into the brain before fixation. A matrix was used so that the penetrations seen in the sectioned brain could be cross related as a control for accurate measurements of the stereotaxic planes throughout the brain. The surface of the whole brain frozen blocks were photographed on the microtome just before a cut section was taken. These calibrated pictures formed the "floor plan" of the atlas as they represent more accurately the brain geometry than individual sections which are distorted by cutting, staining and mounting. Cytoarchitectural (Nissl stain) and axonal connectional (Fink-Heimer stain) information was transferred and adjusted onto the block pictures from their corresponding stained sections. Follow up experiments showed that the present coordinates are accurate for these monkeys of restricted body dimensions. In addition, referencing visual axonal projections onto the same cytoarchitectural map in stereotaxic coordinates provides an atlas for localizing areas of the thalamus, on a basis other than cytoarchitecture, which receive combinations of visual inputs for further anatomical and physiological studies of the rhesus monkey visual system. The atlas further demonstrates that projections do not necessarily follow the cytoarchitectural definition of an area, but rather redefine the thalamus on the basis of specific axonal connections. PMID- 814156 TI - [Epitheliomas of the cervis uteri: exclusive radio-curietherapy in 431 cases (32 of them residual cervices) treated between 1959 and 1969]. AB - The author gives the results of treatment exclusively using physical agents (tele cobalt therapy, radium therapy) in a series of 431 cases of epitheliomata of the cervix between 1959 and 1969. The analysis is of 399 patients and 32 carcinomata of the cervical stump (9 cases that were lost to follow-up and 12 who died of coincidental diseases have not been taken account of). The classification which has been adopted is that approved by U.I.C.C. in 1969. External irradiation, which was always carried out before radium treatment, varied in importance according to the stage of the disease: doses of from 2,000 to 5,000 rads were given to the whole pelvis in interrupted doses of 1,000 rads a week in from to to five weeks followed by classical radium treatment (the Paris method) by colpostat and an intra-uterine tube. As a result the number of mgh was lowered and the dose given was inversely proportionate to that of external irradiation. This type of treatment was on the whole well tolerated by most patients and nearly always complications were limited to minor digestive troubles which are not followed by the late after-effects usually found. The 5 years follow-up results give only one death in 19 cases with a stage T1 lesion. 72 cures were found in 93 patients with a stage T2a lesion (77%). 46 patients were cured out of 87 (53%) when the stage was T2b. 54 out of 131 (41%) were cured with stage T3a and 13 out of 46 (28%) with stage T3b. Furthermore these results improved as the years passed and for the period 1967 to 1969 reached 92% for stage T2a, 62% for stage T2b, 53% for stage T3a and 30% for stage T3b. The improvement in results seems to have been brought about by external irradiation, which plays, its part in sterilising macroscopic infiltrations in the pelvis or microscopic ones, in reducing inflammatory phenomena and in lessening the size of the cervix. This latter means that radium therapy can be administered in more favourable conditions. Radium therapy still remains an indispensable weapon for sterilising the primary lesion. The author compares the results that have been obtained in this way with those that have been reported in the literature and develops his arguments in favour of associating the tecnhiques of external irradiation and radium therapy, following a well-defined order. These techniques are particularly valuable in stages T2b and T3 in which lymph node involvement is concerned and for which sterilisation requires doses of the order of 5,000 to 6,000 rads. In conclusion, the possibilities of improving the results in the future by considering how to treat the lumbo-aortic area, the frequent site of metastases in the lymph nodes, and which deserves treatment at the same time as the area of the pelvis, are analysed. PMID- 814158 TI - An ultrastructural study of hypothalamic neurons in monkeys of different ages with special reference to age related lipofuscin. AB - Ultrastructural comparison hypothalamic neurons from the anterior, middle and posterior hypothalamus have been carried out both in young and aged Cynomologus monkeys. The overall ultrastructure of the hypothalamic neurons studied shows no fundamental difference. Neurons from the supraoptic, paraventricular and infundibular regions often exhibit a spiral arrangement of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of neurosecretory granules (NSG). Lipofuscin is present both in the young and aged monkey. The progressive accumulation of lipofuscin and degenerative changes in the mitochondria are the main age related neurocytological changes. The rate of pigment accumulation however seems to differ in the various regions of the hypothalamus in the young and aged monkey. The young hypothalamus shows more pigment accumulation in the posterior part than in the anterior. In contrast, the aged hypothalamus revealed increased accumulation of pigment in the anterior part as compared to the posterior. The close topographical and morphological association of the pigment to the mitochondria and the pronounced degenerative age changes of the mitochondria, detrimental to oxidative and metabolic processes, suggest that lipofuscin is a stage in the life history of mitochondria and being a fundamental factor in aging. Noteworthy too is the increasing appearance of microglia cells or phagocytes filled with osmiophilic granules close to capillaries in the older age group of monkeys studied. PMID- 814159 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative study on ontogenesis of nucleus nervi hypoglossi in male Tupaia belangeri]. AB - The change of the number of neurons, of the freshvolume, of the density of neurons, of the relative volume (freshvolume of hypoglossal nucleus/freshvolume of the whole brain) and of the length of the hypoglossal nucleus of 30 male Tupaia belangeri aged 36 to 388 days of ontogenesis has been studied using the logistic function (see article) for increasing values and the exponential function (see article) for decreasing values. The number of neurons is decreasing at 36 days of ontogenesis from 5700 to 5150 on the adult level, the density of neurons from 30000 N/mm3 to 6000 N/mm3 and the relative volume from 0,8% to 0,26%. The freshvolume is increasing from 0,31 mm3 on birth to 0,92 mm3 on the adult level and the length from 1,74 mm to 2,41 mm. The development of hypoglossal nucleus of Tupaia belangeri during ontogenesis starts very early in comparison with the whole brain. The half-value time of the growth of freshvolume is 53 days of ontogenesis and that of the growth of length is 34 days of ontogenesis. The maximum of spontaneous cell loss, stated here too for the hypoglossal nucleus, probably lies before the 36th day of ontogenesis. The decrease of the relative volume during ontogenesis is a further characteristic fact of the very early start of the development of hypoglossal nucleus of Tupaia belangeri during ontogenesis. PMID- 814160 TI - In vitro induction of cytotoxicity against syngeneic mastocytoma and its suppression by spleen and thymus cells from tumor-bearing mice. AB - P815 times 2 mastocytoma cells, when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic DBA/2 mice, induced T lymphocytemediated cytotoxicity in the mice. During the course of tumor growth this cytotoxic activity decreased and ultimately the tumor killed the mice. When spleen cells from mice with tumors in the early stages of growth were incubated in vitro with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells, specific cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes was developed. In contrast, spleen cells, taken from mice with tumors at a later stage in their growth, did not develop cytotoxic activity. The unresponsiveness of spleen cells from mice with tumors in the latter stages of growth seemed to be due to the presence of suppressor cells since in vitro development of cytotoxicity by spleen cells from early tumor bearing mice were inhibited by the addition of spleen cells or thymocytes from mice with progressively growing tumors. Normal spleen cells or thymocytes did not affect the response. PMID- 814161 TI - Isolation and characterization of rabbit antibodies directed against group a allotypic determinants. AB - The L chains of rabbit antibodies directed against group a allotypes exhibited in many instances a high degree of homogeneity as measured by L chain banding patterns in alkaline urea polyacrylamide gels. Amino terminal sequence analyses were carried out on six L chain preparations from antibodies isolated from individual antisera or from pools of antisera. The same major amino terminal sequence, Ala-Val-Val-Met, was observed for each of these preparations indication that anti-allotype antibodies preferentially select L chains from a single subgroup. The antiallotype anitbodies were isolated from antisera by elution from IgG immunoadsorbent columns in yields ranging from 0.3 to 1 mg/ml antibody. The specificity of the isolated antibodies was demonstrated by radioimmune assays. Certain fractions were contaminated with a protein that had properties similar to rabbit serum albumin. This contamination was minimized by preadsorption of the antisera. The antibodies were primarily of the IgG class as shown by immunoelectrophoresis and by m.w. of the H and L chains on SDS gels. PMID- 814162 TI - Cell surface immunoglobulin. XVI. Polypeptide chain structure of mouse IgM and IgD-like molecule. AB - 125I-membrane IgM, 125I-membrane IgD-like molecules, and their constituent chains from iodinated murine splenocytes were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent m.w. of the heavy chains decreased as the acrylamide concentration was raised. The membrane mu-chain had a slower mobility than did mu-chain from secreted IgM. Unreduced IgM and IgD-like molecules had mobilities consistent with an H2L2 structure. Intact IgD-like molecules were replaced after overnight dialysis by molecules with the properties of HL. Unreduced surface IgM had a slower mobility than that of monomeric IgM obtained by partial reduction of secreted IgM. PMID- 814163 TI - Physicochemical and functional characterization of the C1r subunit of the first complement component. AB - C1r was isolated from serum by an improved method and found to be a glycoprotein with a sedimentation coefficient of 7.0S. Under conditions of physiologic ionic strength and pH, C1r consist of two apparently identical noncovalently linked 95,000 dalton polypeptide chains. Antisera to C1r detected a protein of gamma mobility on electrophoresis of serum in agarose in the presence of calcium, and a Beta-mobility protein when the electrophoretic separation was carried out in EDTA. On sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of normal human serum in the presence of calcium, C1r antigenicity was found in the 19 S region of the gradient. On the other hand, when the gradient contained EDTA, C1r antigenicity was found in the 7 S region. No reaction of anti-C1r with C1r-deficient sera was observed. C1r had a high affinity for active C1s or proenzyme C1s in the presence of calcium and was able to activate C1s and to form C1 in conjunction with C1q and C1s. Activation of C1s by C1r was inhibited by calcium, C1 inactivator, polyanethol sulfonate, and DFP. Activation of C1s by C1r occurred only after a preliminary incubation of C1r for a brief time at 37 degrees C before addition of C1s. The ability of C1r to form C1 in conjunction with C1q and C1s was, however, progressively lost on incubation at 37 degrees C. Trypsin, although potentiating the activity of crude C1r, did not modify the activity of purified C1r. Its action was on a trypsin-sensitive inhibitor separated from C1r in the final step of the isolation procedure. The binding of 125I-C1r to sensitized sheep erythrocytes required the presence of C1q and calcium but not C1s, whereas the binding of 125I-C1s required C1q, C1r and calcium. Thus, C1r functions as not only the activator of C1s, but also serves as the physical link between C1q and C1s in macromolecular C1. PMID- 814164 TI - Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. III. Isolation and characterization of a fragment corresponding to the Cgamma2 homology region of human immunoglobin G1. AB - Exposure of Fc fragments derived from human IgG1 myeloma proteins to acid pH rendered the region between the Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 domains transiently susceptible to cleavage by trypsin upon return to neutral pH. Trypsin covalently linked to Sepharose was used and two fragments derived from the Cgamma2 region and one from the Cgamma3 region were purified by column chromatography. On the basis of amino acid analysis, primary sequency data, antigenic properties, and m.w., one of the Cgamma2 fragments was shown to consist of two polypeptide chains of unequal mass joined by the inter-heavy chain disulfide bonds. The larger chain corresponded to a stretch of gamma-chain between Thr 223 and Lys 338 (Eu numbering) and the shorter chain to the section between Thr 223 and Lys 248. The other Cgamma2-fragment was a disulfide-linked dimer of the Thr 223 to Lys 338 sections of the paired gamma-chains. When this latter fragment was reduced under mild conditions it dissociated into monomers indicating that there was little or no noncovalent interactions between the Cgamma2 domains. The Cgamma3-fragment was shown to be a noncovalent dimer composed of the Glu 345 to Lys 349 sections of the two gamma-chains although some heterogeneity was apparent at the amino terminus. Circular dichroism was used to probe the conformational relationships between the isolated domains and the parent Fc. The spectral properties of Fc could not be fully accounted for on the basis of the spectra observed for the isolated domains which suggested that inter-domain interaction might be significant in Fc. PMID- 814165 TI - The structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. IV. The distribution of some effector functions among the Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 homology regions of human immunoglobulin G1. AB - The fragments related to the Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 homology regions of human IgG, described in the preceding paper by Ellerson, et al. were assayed for their ability to interact with complement, engage in cytophilic activity toward macrophages, and to play a role in controlling the catabolism of the whole IgG. The Cgamma2-fragment retained about 3% of the activity of intact IgG in a whole complement-fixing assay in which the test proteins were absorbed as mono-layers onto polystyrene latex beads. However, in a fluid-phase C1-binding assay this fragment showed the same activity as IgG and Fc fragment, when compared on a molar basis. Since the Cgamma2-fragment represented only one intact domain, full expression of complement-fixing activity appeared to be independent of quaternary interactions. Thus IgG possesses two C1-binding sites. The Cgamma3-fragment was inactive in both of the complement assays. The ability of IgG to interact with the Fc-receptor on guinea-pig macrophages was shown to be entirely a function of the Cgamma3 region. This was demonstrated both in a direct assay in which tanned red cells coated with Cgamma3-fragment formed rosettes with macrophages and in an indirect assay in which this fragment was able to inhibit rosette formation between IgG-coated red cells and macrophages. The rate of clearance of radiolabeled Cgamma2-, Cgamma3-, Fab, Fc fragments, and IgG from the circulation was measured in rabbits. The Cgamma2 fragment was cleared with a half-time similar to that shown by intact IgG and Fc (about 70 hr) whereas Cgamma3- and Fab fragments were cleared more rapidly (half-time, about 15 hr). The rate of cleaance was not related to the presence of sialic acid or exposed galactosyl residues at the termini of the carbohydrate prosthetic groups. These data clearly show that at least three of the biologic functions of IgG are mediated fully and independently by one or other of the Fc domains. PMID- 814166 TI - The chemoattraction of neutrophils by heterologous and homologous cytotoxic sera. AB - Neutrophils (PMN) migrated in vitro chemotactically along concentration gradients of heterologous and homologous leukocytotoxic, complement-active sera. The heterologous systems consisted of normal, non-immune nurse shark or dog serum and human PMN; the homologous systems consisted of human or dog immune sera and human or dog PMN, respectively. Chemotaxis was induced 1) by fresh cytotoxic sera, 2) by complement alone if the cytotoxic antibodies were with the responding cells or if the cells were passively sensitized with the antibodies, and 3) by individual and combined complement components if the corresponding intermediate PMN-antibody complement component complexes were the migrating cells. These observations represent a new mechanism of immune chemotaxis: the chemotactic stimulation is a direct consequence of a gradient-controlled immune reaction occuring at and involving the surface of the chemoattracted cell. This mechanism is distinctly different from that which depends on chemotactic factors produced or released independent of and at a distance from the responding cells. PMID- 814168 TI - Use of the blocking procedure in mixed hemadsorption tests for the analysis of surface antigens in liver tissue culture cells. AB - For detection of surface species-specific and specific tumor antigens in the various tissue culture cell lines, including interspecies hybrid cell line, the blocking procedure was included in a microhemadsorption test (MHT). Use of the appropriate high-titered blocking antisera unadequate to the indicatory system of MHT permits the detection of different species-specific and tumor antigens on the surface of the liver tissue culture cells with the use of heterologous unabsorbed immune sera. PMID- 814167 TI - Specific in vitro binding of radiolabeled antibodies to cell surface antigens: interaction of antihuman thymocyte globulin with human target cells. AB - We have developed a highly sensitive and reproducible in vitro method to measure the rate and amount of binding of radiolabeled antibodies to target cells. We reduced non-specific binding of the antibodies to the target cells approx. 92% by removing protein aggregates from the antibody solutions. Using a specially designed cup that simultaneously allows washing and collection of target cells, cell loss was eliminated. This method was used to study the in vitro binding properties of the IgG fraction of anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG) to nucleated human cells and to cells of other species. We found the initial rapid uptake of labeled ATG-IgG slowed with prolonged incubation. Incubation temperature and ATG concentration increased the rate of uptake. Sequential absorption studies indicated that initial uptake was due to rapidly binding antibodies. After these antibodies were removed, the rate of binding for antibodies that remained was several fold less than that of the antibodies removed by the initial absorption. Since temperature and the concentration of antibody and target cells can be rigidly controlled, this in vitro model system is ideally suited to quantify optimal conditions and kinetics of antibody binding to cell membrane antigens. Furthermore, the binding properties of antibody subpopulations in an antiserum may be determined by this technique. The maximum antibody binding capacity of various cell types can also be measured using the technique with a precision of +/- 14% on replicate determinations. PMID- 814169 TI - A method for preparing IgG F(ab')2 fragments using small amounts of serum. AB - An alternative method devised to isolate functionally active antibody F(ab')2 fragments required fewer manipulations and used less serum than do methods generally used. The method involved pepsin digestion of the whole globulin fraction precipitated from as little as 3 ml of serum. Chromatographic separation of the digest on Sephadex G-150 yielded two distinct peaks: Peak I consisted of lipoprotein and showed no immunoglobulin determinants; Peak II, as established by immunodiffusion analysis, contained immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments. Radioimmunoassays performed on Peak II protein to determine the presence of allotypic markers revealed less than 10% contamination by non-immunoglobulin protein; coprecipitation tests, used to characterize Peak II further, also showed less than 10% contamination by non-immunoglobulin protein. Recovery of total serum IgG F(ab')2 was 90% or greater using this technique, compared with a potential 20-25% recovery using standard isolation procedures. PMID- 814170 TI - Surface immune precipitation: a new method for rapid quantitative antigen analysis. AB - A new method for quantitative antigen analysis is described which precludes necessity for long incubation periods. The new technique, Surface Immune Precipitation (SIP), entails the application of an antigen sample droplet directly onto the surface of a gel containing antibody, the gel being supported by a reflecting substrate. Within a few minutes, a visible uniform opaque precipitate area appears at the location of the antigen droplet when antigen specific antibody is present in the gel. The reflecting substrate enhances the contrast between the precipitate area and the surrounding gel. The scattering intensity of the precipitate, which may be measured with simple photodetection apparatus, is related to the antigen concentration in the droplet. Good correlation is demonstrated between the Surface Immune Precipitation method and radial immunodiffusion for the analysis of serum IgG. PMID- 814171 TI - Application of the SIP technique to the determination of proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. AB - The application of the Surface Immune Precipitation (SIP) technique to the determination of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum is described. SIP measurements of CSF total protein and albumin exhibited good linear correlation with the sulfosalicylic acid turbidimetric method for total protein and the radial immunodiffusion (RID) method for albumin. A coefficient of variation of 20% for total protein and 11% for albumin was obtained on clinical CSF specimens. Clinical serum samples were analyzed for C3, alpha1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha1 antitrypsin by both the SIP and RID methods. Good linear correlation was obtained between the two systems with a coefficient of variation of 11, 5, and 6% for the C3, alpha1 acid glycoprotein, and alpha1 antitrypsin systems, respectively. PMID- 814173 TI - Distribution of antigens in established cell lines of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814172 TI - Serum iron and iron binding capacity in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 814175 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 814174 TI - Tumors of the pilosebaceous unit induced in the rat by the intravenous administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(A)anthracene. AB - Six of 70 female Sprague-Dawley rats given a single intravenous injection of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) developed 7 pilosebaceous tumors. Two of the tumors showed differentiation toward the upper portion of the pilosebaceous unit while 5 showed differentiation toward the lower portion. Each tumor was examined histochemically for the presence of inner root sheath keratin of the hair follicle using the carbamido diacetyl reaction for citrulline and for hair shaft keratin using boiling ninhydrin reagent. The 2 tumors of the upper portion of the pilosebaceous unit were sebaceous adenomas which were accompained by a keratinizing epithelim like that of the sebaceous gland duct and upper pilosebaceous canal. Histochemically, the keratin was not like that of hair shaft nor inner root sheath. The 5 tumors showing differentiation toward components of the lower pilosebaceous unit were trichoepitheliomas. They were composed of structures which, to varying degrees, recapitulated the organization of the normal hair follicle. Within these follicular structures, both inner root sheath and hair shaft type keratins were found. The occurrence of skin tumors after the intravenous administration of DMBA was unexpected since it is uncommon for skin tumors to be produced by the systematic administration of chemical carcinogens and they have never been described after the oral administration of DMBA. That the route of administration may influence tumor production with this carcinogen is suggested by the fact that the only other reported tumors, which were squamous carcinomas, also followed intravenous injection of DMBA. PMID- 814176 TI - [Reaction mechanism in streptozyme test: its correlation with the index of multiple antibody titers of antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-streptokinase(ASK) and anti-hyaluronidase(AH)]. PMID- 814178 TI - [Individual differences in the morphology of the facial arteries]. PMID- 814177 TI - [Antibody titer of the serum of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Passive hemagglutination test using original endotoxin protein(OEP)]. PMID- 814179 TI - The treatment of pharyngeal pouch. AB - A case of carcinoma occurring in a pouch following a Dohlman's operation is reported. The management and complications of ninety-two patients with pharyngeal diverticula are discussed. The average length of hospitalization for patients undergoing diverticulectomy was sixteen days compared with eleven days for those treated by Dohlman's technique. The risk of carcinoma subsequently occurring in a retrained pouch should be considered and external diverticulectomy should be the treatment of choice whenever possible. PMID- 814180 TI - A clinical study of the prophylactic use of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - The prophylactic use of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in seasonal allergic rhinitis has been investigated in 20 patients in an open study. The subjective assessment of the symptoms recorded on a daily record card was significantly lower in the betamethasone valerate group compared with the sodium cromoglycate group. Patients' and physician's overall assessment of the treatment favoured the steroid aerosol. No clinically significant side effects were noted. PMID- 814181 TI - Acute renal filure. Treatment with hemodialysis and parenteral hyperalimentation at Mid-Maine Medical Center 1973-1975. PMID- 814182 TI - Mitomycin C. PMID- 814183 TI - Freeze-fracture studies of various membrane components isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis cells. PMID- 814184 TI - Pulpal reactions to attrition. PMID- 814185 TI - Antimicrobial efficacy of reduced concentrations of parachlorophenol in extracted teeth. PMID- 814187 TI - Quantitative bactericidal effectiveness of an old and a new endodontic irrigant. PMID- 814186 TI - Apical healing with retrofilling materials amalgam and gutta-percha. PMID- 814188 TI - Histologic appraisal of 3 experimental root canal filling materials. PMID- 814189 TI - Some biochemical considerations of fixation in endodontics. PMID- 814190 TI - Behavioral control of visual fixation of the rhesus monkey. AB - A paradigm for the control of visual fixation of the macaque monkey in vision experiments was described. Using a Maxwellian view, the procedure permits the placement of discrete test-light stimuli in a specific area of the retina as the monkey fixates a primary target. This procedure holds foveal fixation as other behaviorally significant visual stimuli are presented to the visual field. By a methods-of-limits procedure, the sensitivity of the monkey eye was measured at different retinal locations under both photopic and scotopic visual adaptation. PMID- 814191 TI - Relative reinforcer magnitude under a nonindependent concurrent schedule of cocaine reinforcement in rhesus monkeys. AB - Lever pressing by three rhesus monkeys was maintained under a two-lever concurrent schedule of cocaine reinforcement. Responding on one lever (constant dose lever) produced a constant dose of 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg/injection arranged according to a variable-interval 1-min schedule. Responding on the other lever (variable-dose lever) produced a comparison dose of cocaine (0.013 to 0.8 mg/kg/injection), also under a variable-interval 1-min schedule. The two variable interval schedules were made nonindependent by arranging that the assignment of a reinforcer by one schedule inactivated the second schedule until the assigned reinforcer had been obtained. This modification ensured that the two cocaine doses were obtained with approximately equal frequency, regardless of the distribution of the subject's responding. Preference, indicated by relative response frequency on the variable-dose lever, was almost always for the larger of the doses and was a monotonic function of the comparison dose, except at the highest doses. Preferences at the highest comparison doses may have resulted from the low overall response rates exhibited at these doses. Relative response frequencies on the variable-dose lever roughly matched relative reinforcer magnitude (mg/kg/injection available on the variable-dose lever divided by the sum of mg/kg/injections available on each lever). PMID- 814192 TI - Behavior controlled by scheduled injections of cocaine in squirrel and rhesus monkeys. AB - Rates and patterns of key-press responding maintained under schedules in which responding resulted in intravenous injections of cocaine were studied in squirrel monkeys and rhesus monkeys. Each injection was followed by a 60- or 100-sec timeout period. Schedule-controlled behavior was obtained at appropriate cocaine doses in each species. Under FR 10 or FR 30 schedules, performance was characterized by high rates of responding (usually more than one response per second) in each ratio. Under FI 5-min schedules, performance was characterized by an initial pause, followed by acceleration of responding to a final rate that was maintained until the end of the interval. Under multiple fixed-ratio fixed interval schedules, rates and patterns of responding appropriate to each schedule component were maintained. Responding seldom occurred during timeout periods under any schedule studied. At doses of cocaine above or below those that maintained characteristic schedule-controlled behavior, rates of responding were relatively low and patterns of responding were irregular. Characteristic fixed interval responding was maintained over a wider range of cocaine doses than characteristic fixed-ratio responding. Complex patterns of responding controlled by discriminative stimuli under fixed-ratio or fixed-interval schedules can be maintained by cocaine injections in squirrel monkeys and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 814193 TI - Embryonic development of tetraploid mice during the second half of gestation. AB - A small proportion (about 17%) of experimentally produced tetraploid blastocysts are capable of postimplantation development in the randomly bred Q strain of mice. Four newborn mice, three of which were confirmed as tetraploid, were produced but all were eaten by their mother within a few hours of birth. Studies on the embryonic development of tetraploid mice reveal a variety of developmental abnormalities, especially during the later stages of gestation. At 14 1/2 and 16 1/2 days, tetraploid embryos weigh significantly less than corresponding stage diploids, especially so if litter size is taken into account. Histologically, aberrations are found in many different tissues with a clear hierarchy of susceptibility shown among the organs. For instance, yolk-sac-derived blood, and gonads, are invariably affected and the anterior end of the neural tube also seems to be particularly at risk. Possible explanations for the aberrant development are discussed and it is concluded that strictly genetic reasons can be ruled out and that physiological difficulties imposed by the increased size of tetraploid cells and/or problems produced by lack of cell numbers are instrumental in causing abnormal development. Using weight as a guide it is estimated that tetraploid embryos at 14 1/2 and 16 1/2 days gestation contain about one-quarter as many cells as similar stage diploids. PMID- 814195 TI - Inheritance of antibody specificity. III. A new VH gene controls fine specificity of anti-p-azobenzenearsonate coupled to the carbon atom 5 of hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the mouse. AB - Mice of 10 inbred strains were immunized with a protein conjugate of a hapten of p-azobenzenearsonate coupled to the carbon atom 5 of hydroxphenylacetic acid (ABA HOP), and anti-ABA-HOP titers were determined by the haptenated phage inactivation. Mean titers of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were significantly lower than those of A/J and CBA strains. The titers were under a polygenic control and did not correlate with allotypes in backcross mice. Fine specificity of the anti ABA-HOP was characterized by inhibiting the haptenated phage inactivation reaction with five chemically related compounds including ABA-HOP (Fig. 1). This antibody was genetically more polymorphic than any other antibody studied. Three distinct idiotypes could be demonstrated and the number is probably greater. The idiotypes of the A/J and C57BL/6 were inherited as allotype-linked dominant Mendelian traits, the former in two and the latter in three different backcrosses. Condominance of the two alleles was shown since approximately equal amounts of the two idiotypes were produced by the population of heterozygous mice. There were many individual heterozygotes, however, in which only one parental idiotype could be detected. In other individuals of the same genotype the other parental idiotype was predominant. In many mice a mixture of the two idiotypes was indicated by doubly sigmoid inhibition curves. The causes for the variation in the expression of the two alleles in genotypically identical mice is discussed. PMID- 814196 TI - The adherence of human Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes to antigen-antibody complexes. II. Morphologic alterations induced by the substrate. AB - The adhesion of human Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes to immobilized antigen antibody complexes is accompanied by marked alterations in cell shape, resulting in flattening of greater than 90% of the adherent cells. In addition, about 65% of the adherent cells become elongated, with distinct uropods being present in about 1/3 of these cells. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that most of the surface microvilli are lost, while ruffled membranes and long microextensions are formed during the shape change. Time-lapse cinematography shows that the major shape changes occur within a few minutes after contact with the substrate, and that the adherent cells undergo translational motility. Both flattening and elongation of the adherent cells are inhibited by low temperature, chelating agents, cytochalasin B, and vinblastine, while sodium azide selectively inhibits elongation and uropod formation. It is argued that these morphological changes result from an active response of the cell to the immobilized complexes, and that such alterations may be related mechanistically to the ability of the cells to kill antibody-coated target cells. PMID- 814194 TI - Cell shape changes induced by cationic anesthetics. AB - The effects of local anesthetics on cultivated macrophages were studied in living preparations and recorded in still pictures and time-lapse cine-micrographs. Exposure to 12mM lidocaine or 1.5 mM tetracaine resulted in rounding in 10-15 min. Rounding was characterized by cell contraction, marked increase in retraction fibrils, withdrawal of cell processes, and, in late stages, pulsation like activity and zeiosis. Cells showed appreciable membrane activity as they rounded. Respreading was complete within 15 min of perfusion in drug-free medium and entailed a marked increase in surface motility over control periods. As many as eight successive cycles of rounding and spreading were obtained with lidocaine without evidence of cell damage. The effects of anesthetics were similar to those observed with EDTA, but ethylene-glycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N, N' tetraacetic acid-Mg was ineffective. Rounding was also induced by benzocaine, an anesthetic nearly uncharged at pH 7.0. Quaternary (nondischargeable) compounds were of low activity, presumably because they are slow permeants. Lidocaine induced rounding at 10 degrees C and above but was less effective at 5 degrees C and ineffective at 0 degrees C. Rounding by the anesthetic was also obtained in media depleted or Na or enriched with 10 mM Ca or Mg. The latter finding, together with the failure of tetrodotoxin to induce rounding, suggests that the anesthetic effect is unrelated to inhibition of sodium conductance. It is possible that the drugs influence divalent ion fluxes or some component of the contractile cells' machinery, but a metabolic target of action cannot yet be excluded. PMID- 814197 TI - Methods available for solving medicolegal problems of disputed parentage. PMID- 814198 TI - Cadaveric kidneys for transplantation: is there a need for more? AB - The paper questions the need for more cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. After establishing such need, it points out the inability of current supply to meet demand. Theoretically, enough kidneys should be available to meet all demand, so the various reasons for discrepancies between theoretical supply and the lesser actual one are discussed. The medical profession is aware of the insufficient supply of kidneys, and several avenues are currently being pursued to increase procurement. The paper reviews these activities and looks into possible future ones, mainly along the line of creating incentives, not necessarily financial, for more donations and procurement. Some experimentation may be necessary to identify more promising activities and to eliminate inefficient ones. Finally, the paper looks into the somewhat controversial problem of allowing living donors to participate in kidney banks. It argues that sometimes it may be immoral to prohibit a living donor from selling a kidney if this kidney has the prospect of offering excellent prognosis to a needy patient. PMID- 814199 TI - [Partial trisomy for the short arms of chromosome 9 in a girl as the result of a 9-22 translocation in her mother]. PMID- 814200 TI - [General classification and limited nosology of the phacomatoses]. AB - The authors suggest a new classification of phacomatoses based on the dysembryoplastic concept of these disorders, which are blastomas of the germ layers. Three main groups are described : ectoblastic, mesoblastic and entoblastic phacomatoses. The diffuse forms are often familial and very evolutive and are contrasted with the regional forms which are commonly sporadic and not very evolutive. The limits of the phacomatoses are finally specified. PMID- 814201 TI - [Unusual bone lesions in bon Recklinghausen's disease: pseudarthris of the tibia; localized cranial osseous dysplasia]. PMID- 814202 TI - [Mental retardation and Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 814203 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease: a genetic and clinico-pathological study a propos of 67 genelogies]. PMID- 814204 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease - typical forms and unusual forms. A propos of 12 cases]. PMID- 814205 TI - [A propos of 15 cases of phakomatoses]. PMID- 814206 TI - Eye malformations in the mentally retarded. Social and medical implications of the registration. PMID- 814207 TI - Studies to improve fixation of human nerves. Part 3. Effect of osmolality of glutaraldhyde solutions on relationship of axonal area to number of myelin lamellae. AB - When rat peroneal nerves were fixed under 5 different fixation schedules with various osmolalities (310, 410 and 900 milliosmoles), the frequency of abnormality of mitochondria in the axoplasm was lowest in myelinated fibers fixed with 6% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (900 milliosmoles). The relationship of axonal area to number of myelin lamellae was significantly different between high-osmolality fixation and low-osmolality fixation. Assuming that the number of myelin lamellae remains the same with fixation, there was a significant shrinkage in the axonal area of fibers with high-osmolality fixation. The amount of shrinkage was less in larger fibers than in smaller fibers fixed at high osmolality. PMID- 814209 TI - Functional properties of primary afferent units probably related to pain mechanisms in primate glabrous skin. AB - High-threshold primary afferent units were selected from the population of axons functionally isolated in fine filaments dissected from the median and ulnar nerves of macaque monkeys. In 47 experiments, 536 such units were studied. They comprised 345 A-delta and 191 C fiber units; 90 low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents were also studied for comparison. The high-threshold units were categorized by observing their responses to mechanical and thermal (53 and 8 degrees C) stimuli applied to their receptive fiblds in the glabrous skin of the hand. PMID- 814208 TI - Immunoglobulin abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Relation to clinical parameters: disability, duration and age of onset. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 35 pairs of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were analysed as regards mononuclear pleocytosis, concentrations of total protein, immunoglobulin G and A and beta-trace protein, and kappa:lambda ratios, as well as the serum/CSF ratios of IgG and albumin. The disability of the patients differed, whereas the age and the duration of the disease were similar in each pair. Similar analyses were also performed on CSF and serum from 72 patients, who were subdivided according to age at onset and severity of the disease. The highest mean values of the CSF-IgG and the lowest mean values of the serum/CSF IgG ratios were found in the more disabled patients. CSF immunoglobulin abnormalities were encountered more often and were more pronounced in the patients with the most malignant course of the disease, i.e., in those with severe disability after a short duration of the disease (less than 10 yr) and in severely disabled patients with an early age at onset of the disease(less than 25 yr). Contrarily, normal mean values of CSF-IgG concentrations and serum/CFS/IgG ratios were found in the groups of patients without disability after a duration of the disease of 10 years or more, and patients without disability and an early age at onset of the disease (less than 25 yr). The observations indicate that the immune response is most vigorous in disabled patients with a short duration or with an early age at onset of the disease. MS patients with a late age at onset (greater than 35 yr) showed a less pronouced immune response within the CNS, irrespective of the occurrence of disability. The most disabled patients also showed the most severe blood-brain barrier damage as manifested by high mean values of total protein in CSF and low serum/CSF albumin ratios. The patients with severe disability and a long duration of the disease (greater than 10 yr) had the highest content of beta-trace protein in the CSF, probably as a sign of destruction of brain matter. PMID- 814210 TI - Effect of intracisternal phentolamine on cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid injection of blood. AB - The hydrogen clearance method was used to measure total and focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the monkey before and for 5 hours after a simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Some monkeys also received 0.2 to 1.0 mg/kg phentolamine intracisternally 3 hours after SAH. Results show that SAH did not change cerebrovascular resistance, but as cerebral perfusion pressure decreased, CBF fell transiently. Phentolamine injected intracisternally 3 hours after SAH produced a significant fall in arterial blood pressure; cerebrovascular resistance did not change but CBF decreased significantly. These data indicate that intracisternal phentolamine cannot be considered potentially useful to treat ischemic encephalopathy after SAH. PMID- 814211 TI - Effect of protein-energy nutrition on the activity of hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in growing rats. AB - Male Wistar weanling rats were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets for 7, 14 and 28 days: a control diet (21% protein) fed ad libitum, a low protein diet fed ad libitum (the control diet diluted to contain 7% protein by the addition of starch) or an energy and protein restricted diet (control diet fed to provide protein intake equal to that consumed by the low protein group). The activity of glucoronyl transferase was depressed by energy restriction and cytochrome P-450 was depressed by the low protein-ad libitum energy diet compared to controls. In the animals fed the low protein diet with ad libitum energy for 14 or 28 days, the rise in the activity of biphenyl 4 hydroxylase per g liver was sufficient to compensate for the lower liver weight so that the absolute amount of enzyme activity per liver was the same as in the controls. Due to adaptive response of the enzyme to the low protein diet, the activity of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase per g liver was higher than in the controls in animals fed a protein-free diet. It is concluded that the adaptive response of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase was possibly mediated by corticosteroids and was not due to a change in the conformation of the enzyme. PMID- 814212 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 814213 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells from a canine mastocytoma maintained in vitro. AB - Mast cells obtained from a canine mastocytoma were maintained in cell culture for a period of 11 weeks. Samples of these cells were harvested for electron microscopic examination after 9 weeks in vitro. Although the overall morphologic appearance was sufficient to allow their identification as mast cells, the tumor cells differed in several respects from descriptions of normal tissue mast cells. In contrast to normal tissue mast cells, the tumor cells exhibited peripheral accumulations of microfilaments, randomly dispersed microtubules, and small clusters of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The tumor mast cells also presented three different granule types: spherical granules with an amorphous and electron dense matrix; irregularly shaped granules possessing a limiting external membrane and an internal matrix containing laminated and/or coiled structures; and granules containing loosely coiled, unorganized membrane structures similar in appearance to myelin whorls. The canine mastocytoma is an excellent source of mast cells as they can be obtained in large numbers without contamination by extraneous cell types and the cells can be maintained in vitro for extended periods of time. PMID- 814214 TI - Morphology of salivary calculi. The distribution of the inorganic component. AB - Different hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of salivary calculi have been postulated on the basis of their morphology. In the present study, microradiography of plane-polished ground sections of a number of salivary calculi has shown that the morphology of salivary calculi varies considerably. The commonly accepted concept that salivary calculi emanate from an inorganic nucleus, which then successively grows by the apposition of alternating shells of organic and inorganic substances, could not be established by this study, as the microradiographs show that the distribution of mineral elements varied extensively from one calculus to another. Thus, whereas some calculi exhibited a lamellar structure, others consisted largely of homogeneous, irregular layers of alternatively high and low mineral content. The lamellar structure also showed great variation, extending in some cases over the entire diameter of the calculus. Some calculi lacked the lamination in their peripheral parts whereas, in others, lamination occurred only in the most peripheral zone. The structure of the central portions also showed a varied configuration. The calculi were often built up around one or more mineralized nuclei, often centrally located, while in some cases a mineralized nucleus was lacking. This report discusses some of the significant factors in the great variation in morphological features and therefore also in the pathogenesis of salivary calculi. PMID- 814215 TI - Crystalline structure of salivary calculi. A microradiographic and microdiffractometric study. AB - The crystalline substances localized in different areas of salivary calculi were identified by using microradiographic and X-ray microdiffractometric techniques. All 19 calculi analyzed had a general pattern of apatite which was recognizable both in the center and at varying distances from the core. In addition to apatite patterns, six of the calculi gave a diffraction pattern of whitlockite, which in all but one case was located in the central part of the calculi. The influence of various factors on the distribution of the crystalline substances of apatite and whitlockite within the calculi is discussed. PMID- 814216 TI - Ultrastructural observations of the oral mucosa in Anderson-Fabry disease. AB - Electron microscopic study of oral mucosa from a patient with Anderson-Fabry disease (glycosphingolipid lipidosis) revealed lamellar and membranous osmiophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions having a periodicity of 4.5 nanometers. These were observed chiefly in reticulo-endothelial cells as membrane bound and occasionally unbound bodies. They could also be observed within the cytoplasm of squamous epithelial cells, particularly of the stratum germinativum. Morphologic features in endothelial and epithelial cells are described. PMID- 814217 TI - The effect of oral physiotherapy on dilantin gingival hyperplasia. AB - Gingival hyperplasia was studied in 13 boys with epilepsy living in a state hospital. Boys were selected on the basis of having gingival hyperplasia, having all teeth between cuspids (upper and lower), having no occlusal abnormality and being cooperative. After gingivectomy, regrowth of gingiva was compared around lateral incisors on one side of the mouth having operator-assisted oral hygiene with that around lateral incisors on the other side of the mouth without operator assisted oral hygiene. Regrowth of tissue was documented by precise photogrammetry. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation and crevicular fluid were monitored. Less inflammation, less crevicular fluid and less regrowth of gingival tissues occurred around teeth subjected to good oral hygiene. Precise periodic photographic documentation of the clinical status of patients during studies such as this is considered very valuable. PMID- 814218 TI - In vitro metabolism of testosterone-4-14 C by canine salivary glands. AB - Testosterone-4-14C (2430 pmol, 0.48 muM) was incubated aerobically in 67 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with homogenates and minces of salivary glands from male dogs. Extracted radiosteroids were resolved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, removed and quantitated. Substantially higher NAD+-dependent 17beta hydroxy-C19-steroid oxidoreductase activity was found in submaxillary gland homogenates than in similar parotid-gland preparations. Preliminary evidence is presented that the enzyme activity per unit wet weight of the minced submaxillary gland is decreased in the 2-week male castrate, in the absence of any recognizable histologic changes in the gland. Testosterone metabolism by canine salivary glands is thus oxidative, contrasting with the reductive 17 beta hydroxysteroid pathway characteristic of androgen-dependent organs such as the prostate, and is more extensive than in this accessory sex tissue. Our findings suggest that the canine salivary glands are not target organs for circulating male hormone. PMID- 814220 TI - Multiple external-internal resorptions as late effects of thorium X (224 Ra). AB - Multiple external-internal resorptions are infrequent and are related to a variety of etiological factors. Thorium X (224Ra) is believed to cause the dental resorptive changes observed in 2 patients who had received a series of injections each containing 8 to 70 muCi of 224Ra 25 years previously. PMID- 814219 TI - Ultrastructural features of the verruciform xanthoma. AB - The verruciform xanthoma, a rare lesion of the oral cavity, was studied by light and electron microscopy. The major cell type associated with the lesion was shown to contain appreciable amounts of lipid and was characterized as a macrophage. It was characteristic of the endothelial cells associated with subepithelial capillaries to exhibit multiple basal laminae. A rather unusual observation was the migration of lipid-filled cells into the stratum germinativum of the overlying epithelium. PMID- 814221 TI - Mandibular lesion in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 814223 TI - Primary malignant neurilemmona (schwannoma) of the liver in a case of neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of primary malignant neurilemmal tumour of the liver, associated with neurofibromatosis, is presented. The terminology of such tumours is reviewed. It is concluded that this particular tumour was a malignant neurilemmoma (schwannoma), and the case represents a previously unrecorded association. PMID- 814222 TI - Torulopsis glabrata infection in the oral cavity. AB - The first case report of an oral infection due to Torulopsis glabrata is presented. This microorganism is a yeast-like fungus grouped in a similar family to the Candida species. It has been isolated with increasing frequency from the oral cavity but, surprisingly, has not been reported as a pathogen in this site. In other anatomical sites, including the urinary tract, lung and gastrointestinal tract, Torulopsis glabrata has been reported as a pathogen, at times resulting in a fatal outcome. However, there has usually been some modifying factor, e.g. malignancy, cytotoxic drug therapy, diabetes or broad spectrum antibiotics, which caused this marginal pathogen to assume a pathogenic role. No such modifying factors could be elicited in this case. The history of the case including the management is presented. A brief outline of the microbiologic grouping of Torulopsis glabrata is given, as well as the diagnostic test used in its identification. The histopathology is described and the necessity for combining special tests in establishing a positive diagnosis is exemplified, as the histology alone is not pathognomonic of the infection. PMID- 814224 TI - The pathology of measles in Abyssinian Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza): a description of an outbreak. AB - The pathological changes found in four Abyssinian Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) dying of measles are described. Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells were plentiful in the lymphoid tissue and spleen, in the mucosa of the alimentary tract and in the lungs, where they accompanied a non-suppurative pneumonia. In the alimentary tract they were most frequent in the colon when an associated colitis was present. Measles virus was recovered from the lung tissue of one animal, the virus being neutralised by both human and rhesus monkey anti-sera. This together with the close similarity between the pathological changes in human and monkey measles, supports the contention that the two diseases are one and due to the same virus. PMID- 814225 TI - Lipid metabolism in the neonate. I. The effects of Intralipid infusion on plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in the neonate. AB - To determine the ability of the neonate to metabolize Intralipid, it was infused in a dose of 1 gm/kg of body weight over a 4-hour period to 27 infants in the first 48 hours of life. Differences in the metabolism of this lipid were related to gestational age and to weight for gestational age. Premature AGA infants of less than 33 week's gestation hydrolyzed the triglyceride to FFA more slowly than did AGA infants whose gestation was greater than 33 weeks. The SGA infants achieved very high plasma levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids during the infusion and cleared the lipid very slowly in the postinfusion period. This suggested impaired hydrolysis of the triglyceride and deficient uptake and/or utilization at a cellular level of the resulting free fatty acids in SGA infants. PMID- 814226 TI - Lipid metabolism in the neonate. II. The effect of Intralipid on bilirubin binding in vitro and in vivo. AB - The relationship between Intralipid fat emulsion and the binding of bilirubin to protein and cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro system, Intralipid had no beneficial effect in augmenting billirubin binding in adult whole blood. The unmetabolized Intralipid had no adverse effect on bilirubin binding in vitro. Twenty-seven neonates were infused with Intralipid (1 gm/kg) over a 4-hour period; the SGA infants achieved very high plasma concentrations of free fatty acids. When the molar ratio of free fatty acids to albumin in plasma was greater than six, the free fatty acids displaced bilirubin from albumin, resulting in the generation of free bilirubin. It is suggested that the molar ratios of free fatty acids to albumin in plasma be followed in any infant who is receiving Intralipid and that the dose of Intralipid be adjusted to maintain this ratio below six. PMID- 814228 TI - Central diabetes insipidus following intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 814227 TI - The effect of Intralipid on the estimation of serum bilirubin in the newborn infant. AB - After noting rises in measured serum billirubin in premature infants undergoing parenteral nutrition, a series of experiments was designed to ascertain the effect of the presence of Intralipid on the actual laboratory analysis. It has been shown that the most commonly used spectrophotometric analysis of bilirubin and the estimation of direct bilirubin by micromethods are affected by the presence of Intralipid in the specimens. Centrifugation of the blood samples at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes and analysis of the aqueous layer overcomes, in both methods, the interference and error introduced by the presence of Intralipid chylomicrons in patient sera. Alternatively spurious bilirubin measurements due to hyperlipidemia may be avoided by using a bilirubinometer equipped with a filter which eliminates the effect of Intralipid interference. PMID- 814229 TI - Blood in amniotic fluid following intrauterine transfusion and its effect on premature onset of labor. AB - The most frequent cause of perinatal death following intrauterine transfusion in cases of severe rhesus hemolytic disease remains premature onset of labor and the resulting newborn so delivered. In the present study, 70% of all perinatal deaths were directly related to immaturity. A factor of decisive importance as an initiator of labor before the intended time is the leakage of blood into the amniotic fluid at the time of the procedure. (Mostly, this blood seems to originate from the fetal abdomen into which it was injected for therapeutic reasons.) The effect of blood-contaminated amniotic fluid on uterine activity is demonstrated on the material from Lewisham Hospital of London, where between 1 and 5 intrauterine transfusions were performed on 517 patients during a period between November 1963 and the end of March 1973. The presence of blood in the amniotic fluid was proved either by means of amniocentesis performed 2 days after intrauterine transfusion, or at the time of membrane rupture in labor. Patients who received a self-retaining catheter for any length of time were excluded from the material since the additive influence of the catheter on labor could not be assessed. Out of a total of 452 cases receiving single-use catheters, there were 208 cases (46%) with premature onset of labor. In 2-thirds of the cases this happened within the first week after the last intrauterinetransfusion. Further investigation of 332 case-histories with complete records was carried out. In 61.6% of the patients with labor before the intended time within 21 days after the last intrauterine transfusion, blood contaminated amniotic fluid was found, whereas this occurred in only 34.8% of the cases without premature onset of labor (p less than 0.001). From the same material, corresponding percentages for livebirths and stillbirths were calculated. As a consequence of these results, it is recommended that patients be kept under intensive hospital care following intrauterine transfusion whenever blood can be proved to be present in the amniotic fluid. Prophylactic measures to prevent premature onset of labor should also be considered. PMID- 814230 TI - The influence of intra-uterine surgery and of fetal intravenous nutritional supplements 'in utero' on plasma free amino acid homeostasis in the pregnant ewe. PMID- 814232 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraception. PMID- 814231 TI - Transmembrane exchange of chloride with bicarbonate ion in mammalian red blood cells: evidence for a sulphonamide-sensitive "carrier". AB - 1. It is well known that red blood cells suspended in isotonic NH4Cl solution swell because penetration of NH3 induces a transmembrane exchange between Cl-o and OH-i(or HCO3-i). The rate of swelling thus depends on the speed of the transmembrane exchanges and on the amount of anions available for exchange. 2. It has been demonstrated in experiments carried out in a CO2-free medium that OH ions are poorly permeating whereas the permeability for HCO3-is very high. Thus the rate of swelling is largely dependent on the intracellular HCO3 concentration. In this context the well-known inhibitory effect of sulphonamides upon swelling can be interpreted, and always has been until now, as being due to the inhibitory action of the drug on the intracellular carbonic anhydrase. However, this inhibitory effect could also result from a direct action of the drug on the transmembrane exchange; it would explain why under conditions of total carbonic anhydrase inhibition we have shown that the inhibition of swelling is far from maximal. 3. A direct experimental evidence of such an effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on the transmembrane exchange of Cl-with HCO3- was obtained with benzolamide (Cl 11,366), Cl 13,580 and ethoxzolamide. Surprisingly enough, however, acetazolamide (Diamox) does not affect the transmembrane exchange process. 4. The inhibitory effect of sulphonamides on HCO3-transport process is discussed in terms of an interaction of the drug with a transport system common to HCO3- and organic anions. PMID- 814233 TI - Use of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate in the study of the conformational changes in antigen-stimulated macrophages. PMID- 814234 TI - Novel pyrazolo, isoxazolo, and thiazolo steroidal systems and model analogs containing dimethyoxylaryl (or dihydroxylaryl) groups and derivatives. Synthesis, spectral properties, and biological activity. AB - The total syntheses of a series of vicinal-substituted dimethoxy and dihydroxy heterosteroids of the equilenin type and model analogs are described. A novel class of pyrazolo steroidal N-glucosides has also been synthesized. Compounds prepared were screened in vitro for growth inhibition of different microorganisms. Of these, 1-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-4,5-dihydro-7-methyoxy-1H benz[g]indazole tetraacetate (3) was quite active. For example, N-glucoside 13 inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and KB cells at moderate concentrations. PMID- 814235 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of heterocyclic compounds containing a trimethoxyarene function. AB - Pyrazole-, isoxazole-, and pyrazolone-containing systems were prepared from 3,4 dihydro-5,6,7-trimethoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone, 3,4-dihydro-6,7,8-trimethoxy-1(2H) naphthalenone, and 3,4-dihydro-6,7,8-trimethoxy-1(2H)-phenanthrone. Primarily, the pyrazoles displayed inhibition of growth in the microbial screens and in tissue culture. Correlation of the heteroatom distances between the oxygen atoms of two methoxy groups and a nitrogen atom in the pyrazole function with the percent plating efficiency on KB cell growth suggests increased inhibition as the (OA-N)/(OB-N) ratio deviates from one. No trend was observed in relating the OA-N OB angle and activity for the examples studied. PMID- 814236 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of 2,9alpha-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan. AB - 2,9alpha-Dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan (14) has been synthesized in six to seven steps from trans-3,4-dihydro-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-3-methyl 1(2H)-naphthalenone (1). The key reaction of the sequence was mercuric acetate cyclization of trans-1,2-dihydro-1-(2-methylaminoethyl)-7-methoxy-2 methylnaphthalene (8) which gave a mixture of 9alpha-methyl-8alpha-hydroxy-6,7 benzomorphan (9, 49%), the corresponding acetate (10, 13%), and the 9beta-methyl 8alpha-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphan (11, 5%). In the presence of Et3N, the yields were 16, 37, and 0%, respectively. Structural assignments are based on ir, NMR, and mass spectral data and on chemical conversions. PMID- 814237 TI - Beta-lactam antibiotics with N-oxide side chains. 1. Quinoxaline N-oxides. AB - A series of penicillin derivatives of quinoxaline di-N-oxide carboxylic acids was prepared. These compounds were prepared from the acid chlorides and mixed anhydrides of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides. The compounds prepared exhibited minimal antibacterial activity against gram-negative organisms. PMID- 814240 TI - Letter: Cost containment. PMID- 814239 TI - Products from furans. 1. Sunthesis and anticoccidial and antimicrobial activity of 5-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4'-biphenylyl)-2H-pyran-3(4H)-ones and related compounds. AB - A Michael type addition of an amine to 6-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4'-biphenylyl)-2H pyran-3(6H)-one (1) dissolved in ether, benzene, or THF gave 5-amino derivatives of 5,6-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4'-biphenylyl)-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one (2). These by subsequent reduction with LiAlH4 were converted to 5-amino derivatives of 6 methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4'-biphenylyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol (3). Both isomers A and B of 1 (in regard to the methoxy group at C6) were used for the synthesis of 2 and 3. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the amine adducts 2 was of the same order of magnitude as the starting material. Amine adducts in general, however, were by far more active as coccidiostats than the starting material and retained their activities when they were reduced. 5,6-Dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl 2-(4'-biphenylyl)-5-(dimethylamino)-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one hydrochloride (A) and 5,6 dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(4'-biphenylyl)-5-(dimethylamino)-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one hydrochloride (B), prepared from isomer A and B of 1, respectively, were the most active as coccidiostats. These compounds when administered orally to chickens 1 day prior to infection at a concentration 0.05% in their diet gave them total protection against Eimeria tenella. PMID- 814238 TI - Racemic diastereoisomers of 1-amino-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid. AB - The synthesis and characterization of the two diastereoisomeric forms of 1-amino 2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid have been accomplished. A previously reported synthesis produced a racemic mixture of the threonine analog trans-2 hydroxy-1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (trans with respect to the hydroxy and carboxyl group). The alternate allothreonine analog was produced by conversion of cyclopentene oxide to trans-2-methoxycyclopentanol, followed by oxidation to 2 methoxycyclopentanone and conversion to a hydantoin. Fractional crystallization of the hydantoin sample, followed by hydrolysis, produced cis-2-hydroxy-1 aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis with respect to the hydroxy and carboxyl group) in high purity. Neither of the isomeric forms significantly inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains examined nor were they effective in inhibiting Jensen sarcoma cells in tissue culture. PMID- 814241 TI - Sites of action of D2O in intact and skinned crayfish muscle fibers. AB - The effect on tension development of replacing 90% of the H2O of the bathing saline with D2O was studied on intact single fibers, and on skinned fibers before and after the latter were treated so as to eliminate Ca-accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) of intact fibers is not abolished, but is depressed by D2O so that higher depolarizations are required to elicit a given tension. The reduction in tension at a given level of depolarization is not due to inhibition of the contractile system. The latter showed an enhanced Ca sensitivity; that is, skinned fibers respond to Ca concentrations that are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller in D2O than in H2O saline. When bathed in D2O saline, intact fibers or skinned fibers with functional SR can still accumulate and release Ca in sufficient quantities to allow repeated induction of maximum tensions. Relaxation is slowed in all three types of preparation, perhaps because of an increased affinity of troponin to Ca in D2O salines. PMID- 814242 TI - Redundancy of washing in the preparation of biological specimens for transmission electron microscopy. AB - A marine unicellular organism, human trophoblast tissue and cultured trophoblast cells of human origin have been satisfactorily preserved for electron microscopy without resort to washing either before dehydration or between different stages of fixation. The time required to fix and dehydrate a specimen using this method is 55 min. PMID- 814243 TI - Pulp reaction to an acid etchant when applied to enamel only for adhesive resin restoration. PMID- 814244 TI - Chemotactic repellents of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 814245 TI - Ribosomal DNA transcription products during the first steps of magnification in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814246 TI - The myosin filament. III. C-protein. PMID- 814247 TI - Nuclear and cell division in Bacillus subtilis. A study of spread nucleoplasm. PMID- 814248 TI - The accessory fibers of the sperm tail. II. Their role in binding zinc in mammals and cephalopods. PMID- 814249 TI - Study of glomerular and tubular function after in situ cooling of the kidney. AB - Ischemia of the kidney for 3 hours at a temperature of 16 to 18C will only impair renal function to a minimal degree measured by glomerular (51Cr ethylenediaminetetracetic acid) and tubular (125I hippuran) clearances. A newly developed device for surface cooling is described. The technique of clinical in situ surface cooling is recommended whenever an ischemia time for more than 10 minutes is expected. PMID- 814250 TI - Letter: Subclavian-mammary vein catheterization. PMID- 814251 TI - Geotrichum septicemia. AB - Although disseminated geotrichosis is an unusual disease (to our knowledge, only six cases have been reported), Geotrichum candidum is not a very virulent fungus. In our case, there was neutrophillic phagocytosis of the arthrosphores of G candidum, with rapid clearance of the fungus from the plasma of a chronically ill patient whose immune defenses were still intact. PMID- 814254 TI - Liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity. Nonoperative treatment of fatty metamorphosis with parenteral hyperalimentation. AB - A patient with liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity was treated successfully with intravenous hyperalimentation. The hepatic steatosis and dysfunction were most likely caused by the preferential absorption of carbohydrate in the remaining small bowel, with resulting relative protein starvation. Routine use of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets postoperatively until weight stabilization has occurred may prevent this complication. PMID- 814252 TI - Hypophosphatemis mimicking acute Guillanin-Barre-Strohl syndrome. A complication of parenteral hyperalimentation. PMID- 814253 TI - Technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin lung scans. Use in chronic childhood asthma. AB - Serial roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin lung scans were done simultaneously in 30 bronchodilator-dependent asthmatic children and young adults during both relative remission and attacks of status asthmaticus. When chest roentgenograms showed air trapping and increased peribronchial vascular marking associated with persistent perfusion defects, the children benefited from further laboratory studies and continuous comprehensive therapy. Serial scans provided information about underperfusion that was not discernible either by roentgenograms or by usual blood gas studies. Also, lung scans are easier to obtain in children with long-standing asthma than are detailed pulmonary tests. In our study, technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin scans showed persistent regional perfusion defects in 20 children wiht chronic asthma during relative remission and exacerbations. PMID- 814255 TI - Diagnostic standards of tuberculosis--revised. PMID- 814256 TI - Early diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Use of primary monocyte culture technique. AB - Diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever was made as early as the fourth day of febrile illness in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), with a monocyte culture technique that is easily amenable to use in humans. Rickettsia rickettsii were identified by direct immunofluorescent and Gimenez staining of cultures of circulating monocytes from four experimentally infected monkeys, even in the presence of a mild or inapparent disease in three. Levels of rickettsemia were estimated by the plaque-assay technique, and specific antibody titers were determined by complement fixation. PMID- 814257 TI - Suppurative gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 814258 TI - Prevalence of malnutrition in general medical patients. AB - Three, single-day nutritional surveys at weekly intervals were conducted in the general medical wards of an urban municipal teaching hospital. The techniques of nutritional assessment included anthropometric measures (weight/height, triceps skin fold, arm-muscle circumference, serum albumin, and hematocrit). The prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition was 44% or greater by these criteria (weight/height, 45%; triceps skin fold, 76%; arm-muscle circumference, 55%; serum albumin, 44%; and hematocrit, 48%). These results were reproducible without significant variation between surveys. In 34% of patients, a lymphopenia of 1,200 cells/cu mm or less was found, a level likely to be associated with diminished cell-mediated immunity. Compared with a similar survey among surgical patients, the medical patients were more depleted calorically (weight/height, triceps skin fold) but had better protein status (arm-muscle circumference, serum albumin). Significant protein-calorie malnutrition occurs commonly in municipal hospitals in both medical and surgical services. PMID- 814259 TI - Modern concepts of status epilepticus. AB - Among 60 cases of status epilepticus, there were 45 cases of convulsive status and 15 cases of nonconvulsive or confusional status. In 37 cases, status was due to an identifiable cause. The most frequent etiologic factors were vascular (nine cases), traumatic (seven cases), and metabolic (five cases). Four patients with metabolic encephalopathy had focal status. While the possibility of expanding lesions should be investigated in every case of convulsive status, a complete metabolic screening is also necessary. Non-convulsive status was represented by two cases of psychomotor status and 13 cases of absence status. Clinically, these cases were characterized by various impairments of intellectual functioning and confusion. Diagnosis was determined by characteristic changes in the electroencephalogram. Aggressive treatment is indicated by one or more of the major anticonvulsants, supplemented by adequate oxygenation and maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. PMID- 814260 TI - Listeria sepsis immediately preceding renal transplant rejection. PMID- 814261 TI - Surgical wound infections. PMID- 814262 TI - A preliminary study on echinococcosis in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. PMID- 814263 TI - Morquio's dyschondroplasia with overlapping skeletal features of gargoylism. PMID- 814264 TI - Epilepsy--I. PMID- 814265 TI - Population planning. PMID- 814266 TI - A geographical view of cirrhosis. PMID- 814267 TI - A brief concept of clinical immunology. PMID- 814268 TI - The problem of urolithiasis in Pakistan. PMID- 814270 TI - Urolithiasis in industrial workers. PMID- 814269 TI - Calculous disease--a survey of 400 patients. PMID- 814271 TI - Stone in the upper urinary tract. (A preliminary report on 222 cases). PMID- 814272 TI - The chaning face of urinary lithiasis in childhood. PMID- 814273 TI - Analysis of 1,423 (new patients) referred to the nephro-urology department of the Jinnah post-graduate medical centre, Karachi--a five years study. PMID- 814275 TI - Deaths during anaesthesia. PMID- 814274 TI - The influence of environments on the toxicity of drugs. PMID- 814276 TI - Testicular adenocarcinoma of infancy. PMID- 814277 TI - Variant angina pectoris (prinz-metal angina)--a case report. PMID- 814279 TI - Oral carcinoma. PMID- 814280 TI - The effects of indomethacin treatment on experimental nephritis in rats. PMID- 814278 TI - The classification and nomenclature of liver cirrhosis. PMID- 814281 TI - Disorder of potency in males. PMID- 814282 TI - Cor biloculare with polysplenia. A case report. PMID- 814283 TI - The environmental health of Lyallpur--a city of the industrial revolution. PMID- 814284 TI - Renovascular hypertension and the role of surgery. PMID- 814285 TI - Drug dependence - a preliminary survey in hospitalised drug addicts (1968-1973). PMID- 814286 TI - Scope of occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of burnt children. PMID- 814287 TI - Nitroharmidine nitrate on neuromuscular transmission: a preliminary report. PMID- 814288 TI - Epilepsy - II--management. PMID- 814289 TI - Dissolving gallstone. PMID- 814290 TI - Age differential between spouses and pregnancy wastage. PMID- 814291 TI - Induction of labour in multiparae--oral prostaglandin or intravenous syntocinon. PMID- 814292 TI - L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent. PMID- 814293 TI - Epilepsy III--epilepsy in children. PMID- 814294 TI - Radiation and pregnancy. PMID- 814295 TI - Comparative study of topical mafenide acetate and nitrofura zone on the course of healing of acute burns. PMID- 814296 TI - Chronic non-dysenteric intestinal amoebasis-a review of 159 cases. PMID- 814297 TI - The assessment of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of burns. PMID- 814298 TI - Syncope. PMID- 814299 TI - Hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 814301 TI - Vertigo. PMID- 814302 TI - Screening for hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 814300 TI - Anicteric hepatitis in Pakistan-Incidence in apparently healthy males. PMID- 814303 TI - Obesity. PMID- 814304 TI - Studies on flammability of clothing of burn victims, changes therein and their wearability after a borax rinse. PMID- 814306 TI - Surgery in rheumatoid hand. PMID- 814305 TI - Malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 814307 TI - Extrapyramidal reaction induced by thiethylperazine (torecan). PMID- 814308 TI - Acute effects of clonidine on blood pressure in normal individuals and patients with hypertension. PMID- 814309 TI - Duration of antigenaemia in hepatitis B. PMID- 814310 TI - Some facts on drug--enzyme interactions and their relevance in discovery of new drugs. PMID- 814311 TI - Intermittent left bundle branch block-a case report. PMID- 814313 TI - Serum complement. PMID- 814312 TI - Involuntary movements. PMID- 814314 TI - Urinary tract infection. PMID- 814315 TI - Previous history of abortions and pregnancy wastage. PMID- 814316 TI - Some pharmacological actions of an alkaloidal mixture obtained from Prosopis glandulosa. PMID- 814318 TI - The complement system. PMID- 814319 TI - Urine examination of 1,460 patients suspected of urinary tract infection. PMID- 814321 TI - Complications of local anaesthesia with special reference to lignocaine hydrochloride. PMID- 814320 TI - Intestinal tuberculosis. PMID- 814322 TI - Anicteric viral hepatitis--a review. PMID- 814324 TI - Sjogrens syndrome and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 814323 TI - Nutritional disorders in Pakistan. PMID- 814325 TI - Chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 814326 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 814327 TI - Postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 814328 TI - Prevalence of abnormal hemoglobin and thalassemia trait in a group of professional blood donors and hospital staff in Karachi. PMID- 814329 TI - Clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PMID- 814330 TI - Leishmaniasis in animals in El Kharj Saudi Arabia. PMID- 814331 TI - Anicteric viral hepatitis--a review (concluded). PMID- 814332 TI - Chemical environment and child behavior. PMID- 814333 TI - Management of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 814334 TI - Pharmacotherapy: promise and problems. PMID- 814335 TI - Abnormal hemoglobins, thalasemia trait & G6PD deficiency in young Pakistani males. PMID- 814336 TI - Oral toxoicology of Abrus Precatorius Linn. PMID- 814337 TI - Spontaneous hypoglycaemia--a case report. PMID- 814338 TI - Pharmacological techniques for the assessment of the mechanism of action of drugs. PMID- 814339 TI - [Penicillinase produced by Pseudomonas]. PMID- 814340 TI - [Surface changes of Pseudomonas caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics]. PMID- 814342 TI - [Gelatinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 814341 TI - [Various characteristics of Pseudomonas elongated by the action of synthetic penicillins]. PMID- 814343 TI - [Basic structure of the membrane of Pseudomonas and localization of O antigen]. PMID- 814344 TI - [Immune response of various animals to tetanus toxoid]. PMID- 814345 TI - [Mechanism of tetracycline (TC) and chloramphenicol (CP) resistant R factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 814346 TI - [Relationship between germination of Bacillus subtilis spores and electric potentials of the spore coat]. PMID- 814347 TI - [Changes in components of the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis during germination and outgrowth]. PMID- 814348 TI - [Mechanism of germination of spores. (2). The role of L-alanine during the early stage of germination]. PMID- 814349 TI - [Substance produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibitory action on phagocytosis by peritoneal polymorphonuclear eosinophils of rabbits]. PMID- 814350 TI - [Interrelationship between transmissible plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the classification method according to their compatibility]. PMID- 814351 TI - [Mapping of genes related to formation of O antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 814352 TI - [Preservation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by simple drying]. PMID- 814353 TI - [Classification of coryneform bacteria]. PMID- 814354 TI - [L-form of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Ultrastructure]. PMID- 814355 TI - [Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4357]. PMID- 814356 TI - [Disorders of immunoglobulins with abnormal molecular structures-immunoglobulin fragment disease]. PMID- 814357 TI - [Abnormal radiographic finding of the thoracic region observed in mass screening: pericardial diverticulosis]. PMID- 814358 TI - [Arthralgia, dull pains at the tips of fingers and toes, edema and proteinuria: Fabry's disease]. PMID- 814359 TI - [Etiology of apoplexy and its relation to cerebrovascular circulation]. PMID- 814360 TI - [Applications of radioimmunoassay to endocrine function tests of children with special reference to TRH test and to LH-RH test (author's transl)]. PMID- 814361 TI - [Aging and anterior pituitary function - responses of TSH, PRL and LH-FSH to synthetic TRH and LH-RH]. PMID- 814362 TI - [The 50th Annual Meeting Symposium. I. Immunological activity of mycobacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 814363 TI - [Ways of correction of lipid metabolism in burns]. PMID- 814364 TI - [What is the effect of glyceryl trinitrate on the intraocular pressure? (author's transl)]. AB - In experiments with animals and on glaucoma patients with wide and narrow anterior chamber angle, the effect of glyceryl trinitrate on the intraocular pressure was examined. In no case was found an increase in the intraocular pressure. On the contrary the pressure fell more or less definitely in the patients within 30 minutes after application of the drug. After that the intraocular pressure increased again to the original value. PMID- 814365 TI - [Retinal changes in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 814366 TI - [Cutaneous allergen test in children: frequency of conversion of prick-test reactions, IgE concentrations in serum and course of the disease in young asthmatics during or without treatment with "Dinatrium cromoglicicum" inhalation (author's transl)]. AB - Among 62 children with asthma or/and hay fever 32 were treated symptomatically. 30 were treated with DNCG inhalations. 22 asthmatics with proved inhalation allergy responded well or very well to DNCG inhalations, 3 others only fairly. Of 5 patients without proved allergy 4 showed a fair response, 1 none. In group I (without DNCG) 4 out of 20 negative prick-tests became definitely positive at a follow-up examination, in group II (with DNCG) 9 out of 14. The follow-up examinations tended to be done during a time when symptoms were reduced or absent. In group II there were 7 of 9 children with good effect of DNCG. IgE assays in serum were clearly lower in "non-allergics" than in sensitized patients. The IgE was raised only in children where the follow-up showed a positive reaction. One might assume that when the clinical symptoms improve, IgE or mediator substances in the tissues, particularly in mast cells, are accumulated so that cutaneous skin-reactions now become clearly positive. IgE concentration in serum did not show correlated changes. Assessment of the clinical course of the illness apart, conversion of prick testing might indicate protective action of DNCG inhalations in bronchial asthma due to inhalation allergy. PMID- 814368 TI - Demonstration of carbohydrate structures in malignant melanoma tyrosinase. AB - Electrophoretic studies on malignant melanoma extracts before and after treatment with neuraminidase revealed that tyrosinase is a glycoprotein containing N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Double diffusion tests using Concanavalin A and the lectin from Ricinus communis show that the carbohydrated chain of tyrosinase contains D mannose as a sugar unit located within the carbohydrate chain. The terminal neuraminic acid groups are linked to D-galactose. The enzymatic activity of tyrosinase is not inhibited by Concanavalin A. PMID- 814367 TI - The TRH stimulation test in endemic goitre in Greece. AB - The serum T4=T4(D), T3 in vitro uptake=RT3U and TSH were measured before and 30 min after the injection of 200 mug of TRH in 30 subjects from an iodine deficient area of Central Greece. These persons were divided in two groups of 16 goitrous and 14 nongoitrous patients and the results from each group compared to each other and also with the same parameters obtained from 14 controls subjects, all nongoitrous and from a nonendemic area. It has been found that in this area with a mild iodine deficiency serum T4 is the only hormone decreased whereas RT3U and TSH both before and 30 min after TRH injection are normal. There existed however a negative correlation between serum T4 and TSH in the goitrous group. Why the nongoitrous iodine deficient persons achieve the same compensation without thyroid gland enlargement remains unsolved but it may be stated from the present results that goitre development should be regarded as a maladaptation rather than a compensatory process. PMID- 814369 TI - [Clinical study of certain antineoplastic preparations in cancer of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 814370 TI - A procedure for management of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula in ventilator patients. AB - An operative technique is presented for acquired tracheosophageal fistula including cervical esophagostomy, division and closure of the distal esophagus, and use of the cervical and thoracic esophageal segment as a patch to close the posterior trachea wall. Later coloesophagoplasty is used to establish gastrointestinal continuity. An external negative-pressure ventilator (Drinker Collins iron lung) is used in combination with a conventional positive-pressure ventilator to diminish airway pressure after the tracheal repair. PMID- 814371 TI - Chylothorax: a complication of subclavian vein catheterization and parenteral hyperalimentation. AB - A case is presented in which a unique combination of events occurred as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization. Extravasation of intravenous hyperalimentation solution occurred, resulting in mediastinitis and venous obstruction of the jugulosubclavian confluence bilaterally. Bilateral chylothorax resulted which was successfully managed by conservative means. The methods used and the rationale for their employment are discussed. PMID- 814372 TI - Evaluation of the action of some drugs on the blood supply of the myocardium in rabbits by means of the test of 125J absorption. AB - In experiments with rabbits, the influence of nitroglycerine, sorbonite and aminophylline on blood flow through the myocardium was compared by the radioisotope method. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline diminished capillary blood flow in the heart of rabbits. Persantine had no effect on capillary circulation in the heart of the experimental animals. PMID- 814373 TI - [5-Nok in the treatment of candidiasis]. PMID- 814374 TI - [Antibody activity of blood serum and whey of cows immunized with phages of group N Streptococci]. PMID- 814376 TI - Binding of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene to nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. PMID- 814375 TI - [The problems surrounding subtotal struma resection in hyperthyroidism with endocrinous Ophthalmopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Observation of 39 patients who had undergone surgery for hyperthyroidism with or without endocrine ophthalmopathy between 1965 and 1972 indicate that this type of therapy involves no higher risk than do medication of radiological measures as far as the course of ophthalmic changes is concerned. Examination of the basal and the TRH-stimulated TSH concentrations i.s. argues against any primarily pituitary cause for progressive ophthalmopathy after surgery. In addition, it elucidates the almost inevitable postoperative development of preclinical hypothyroidism while the clinical condition is still euthyroid, and indicates the necessity of constant postoperative hormone substitution. PMID- 814377 TI - Preparation and purification of lipid hydroperoxides from arachidonic and gamma linolenic acids. AB - Commercial soybean lipoxygenase may be used under carefully controlled reaction conditions to give high yields of lipid hydroperoxides. Lipid hydroperoxides so derived from gamma-linolenic or arachidonic acid may be purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Thus, commercial lipoxygenase serves as a viable source for 100 mg quantities of lipid hydroperoxides. PMID- 814379 TI - [Megavolt therapy of bronchial and esophageal cancer under conditions of concommitant pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 814378 TI - Studies on the 12alpha and 26-hydroxylation of bile alcohols by rabbit liver microsomes. AB - 12Alpha--Hydroxylation of two C27-steroids by rabbit liver microsomes was studied. Optimal assay conditions were determined with 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten 3-one and 5beta-cholestand-3alpha, 7alpha-diol as substrates. The rate of 12alpha hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was found to be greater than that of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol by ca. 60%. Microsomal 26 hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha7alpha-diol was also measured, and the ratio of 26-hydroxylation to 12alpha-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol was found to be ca. 0.4. Rabbit liver 12-alphahydroxylase was more active than that of three other species (man, rat, monkey), explaining in part the predominance of cholic acid in rabbit bile. PMID- 814380 TI - [Evaluation of levels of irradiation from evoked activity on medical acclerators of B5M-25 and LUE-25 types]. PMID- 814381 TI - [Basic principles for the design of an experimental automated system for performing prophylactic examinations of the population]. AB - The purpose, set-up and main characteristics of a draft-project for an experimental automated system designed to conduct prophylactic medical examinations of the population (ASPEP) are discussed. The operation of the system proceeds by following a basic medical program that provides for automation of medical technological processes, input, transmission, treatment and storage of information, as well as filling in of examination cards, so as to identify persons exhibiting deviations from the parameters checked and to secure presentation of recording and review documentation. Results of a tentative estimates as to the economic advantages offered by the experimental ASPEP and conditions required to achieve the maximum economic effect by using this system are given. PMID- 814382 TI - [Differential diagnosis of thyroid hot nolules using stimulation studies with TRH and TSH]. PMID- 814383 TI - [Infrared spectra of extreme and obligate thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus]. AB - A recording double-beam spectrophotometer UR-10 was used to obtain IR spectra of the extreme thermophilic non-sporeforming bacterium Thermus flavus, the obligate thermophilic non-sporeforming bacterium Thermus ruber, the thermotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas thermophilus, the sporeforming bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, and the mesophilic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. denitrificans, Flavobacterium breve, Flavobact. arborescens. No significant differences have been found in the IR spectra of these bacteria. PMID- 814384 TI - [Effect of oxygen on the transformation of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate in the hydrogen bacterium Hydrogenomonas eutropha]. AB - Oxygenase transforamtion of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate was found in the hydrogen bacterium Hydrogenomonas eutropha Z-1. Oxygen inhibits the carboxylating activity of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase by 42% at a low concentration of the substrate of carboxylation--bicarbonate. The oxygenase activity of this carboxylase is saturated at 50% of oxygen in the atmosphere. PMID- 814385 TI - [Lethal and mutagenic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on Bacillus mesentericus]. PMID- 814386 TI - [Bacteriocinogenicity of Lactobacillus acidophilus]. PMID- 814387 TI - [Inoculability and bacteriocinogenic activity of enterococci]. PMID- 814388 TI - [Problems of toxin formation in blue-green algae]. PMID- 814389 TI - [Effect of gamma rays on peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in hop plants affected by leaf roll virus]. PMID- 814390 TI - [Effect of phytohemagglutinins on the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis transformation]. PMID- 814391 TI - [Cultivation of Candida tropicalis K-41 on blue-green algae hydrolysates]. PMID- 814393 TI - [Sensitivity of hyacinth and calla soft rot agents to various antimicrobial substances]. PMID- 814392 TI - [Proteolytic complexes of various bacteria]. PMID- 814394 TI - The cost-effectiveness of medical device standards. PMID- 814395 TI - [Potatoe egg diet and mixed low protein diet: subjective evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - Earlier own studies concerning nutritional state (protein metabolism) have shown a superiority of mixed low protein diet - combined with essential amino acids (EAA) - to potatoe egg diet (PE). As a sequal to these studies now the subjective evaluation of the two kinds of diet was investigated. The following results are obtained: Compliance with mixed low protein diet is easier though drug intake is increased. Contrary to potatoe egg diet it seldom causes psychic stress (93 to 33% respectively). Therefore it probably can be strictly adhered to for a longer time and is subjectively told to cause an improvement of the physical condition. For that reason in future the mixed low protein diet in combination with EAA should be preferred in the phase of predialysis or transplantation. A successful treatment presumes a relative constancy of the residual glomerular filtration. PMID- 814396 TI - [Efficacy of lidoflazine in angina pectoris. A long-term double-blind study]. AB - The long-term efficacy of lidoflazine was investigated in 40 patients with a longer history of angina pectoris and well-documented ischemic heart disease over a whole range of 18 months in double-blind technique. Significant improvement occurs to frequency and severity of angina pectoris, related to reduction in consumption of nitro-compounds and in the extent of ST-segmental depression under resting and cycloergometric test conditions. Increase in cardiac work capacity is evident. There are no changes in heart rate, blood pressure and AV-interval in the ECG. The mode of action of lidoflazine may be an increase in the formation of coronary collaterals, whereas its acute vasodilating properties, experimentally verified in the dog, does not play any important part in the treatment of human coronary insufficiency. The introduction of lidoflazine in the treatment of coronary heart disease appears to be justified as an additive medication. PMID- 814397 TI - [Mechanics of circulation in lowering the blood pressure in different hemodynamic forms of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The high blood pressure of essential hypertension sustained by an increased peripheral resistance or by cardiac output, or by both of these magnitudes. To examine the mechanics of lowering the blood pressure in these different forms of hypertension on analysis of circulation was carried out on three patients with a cardiac output hypertension and on seven patients with a resistance hypertension before and after lowering the blood pressure by the compound preparation Briserin. The results showed that the influence on the hemodynamics was different. The therapeutic result was due partly to a decrease of the cardiac output and partly to a reduction in vascular peripheral resistance. The increased parameter of circulation decreased during the treatment. Occasionally however the cardiac output as well as the peripheral resistance were decreased or while one of the parameters decreased the other even increased. PMID- 814398 TI - Comparative evaluation of different fixation procedures and different coupling reagents for the demonstration of influenza virus-specific antibodies by the indirect hemagglutination test. AB - The indirect hemagglutination technique has been improved by fixing the carrier erythrocytes successively with glutaraldehyde and sulfosalicylic acid. Sensitization by covalent conjugation of influenza virus antigens to the erythrocytes with various coupling reagents, which resulted in stable and highly sensitive test cells, has been defined. An economical affinity chromatography procedure using antibody-coated agarose has been developed to prepare sufficiently pure antigens from fowl plague virus-infected choriollantoic membranes. PMID- 814399 TI - [Argasid ticks (Argasidae) and Rickettsia prowazekii (experimental studies)]. PMID- 814400 TI - Specific cross-linking of proteins S7 and L4 to ribosomal RNA, by UV irradiation of Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits. AB - Radioactive 30S and 50S subunits from E. coli ribosomes were irradiated with UV light, under conditions giving rise to approximately 10% cross-linking of protein to ribosomal RNA. Irradiation to levels of cross-linking higher than 10% caused unfolding of the ribosomal subunits, even in the presence of 5 mM magnesium. The specificity of the cross-linking reaction at this low level was found to be extremely high. Cross-linked RNA-protein complexes, freed from unbound protein, were treated with nuclease and then analysed on Sarkosyl gels. S7 was found to be the primary target of the cross-linking reaction in the 30S particle. This was proven by using subunits from both E. coli MRE 600 and A19, whose respective S7 species differ markedly. In the 50S particle, L4 was the primary target, although L2 was also cross-linked to a small extent. Ambiguity in the identification of L4 in the Sarkosyl system was resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis, which was also used to demonstrate a genuine linkage to RNA in the case of both S7 and L4; proteins spots containing 32P were observed, derived from these two proteins, when subunits containing 32P-RNA were irradiated, treated with nuclease, and applied to the electrophoresis. The identities of S7, L4 and L2 were finally confirmed by Ouchterlony tests with protein-specific anti-sera. PMID- 814401 TI - Gene expression of bacteriophage SPPI. I. Phage directed protein synthesis. AB - A total of 23 phage specific proteins (including four head and six tail proteins) could be identified after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts from phage SPP1 infected Bacillus subtilis cells. The total molecular weight of the proteins amounts to approximately 1.9 X 10(6) daltons, equivalent to the majority of the coding capacity of SPP1 DNA. It can thus be assumed that almost all SPP1 coded proteins have been identified. Protein assignments to phage cistrons were made by analysis of extracts from nonpermissive cells infected with sus-mutants. The SPP1 specified proteins can be subdivided into three groups on the basis of the time of their synthesis during the latent period. Host protein synthesis is not significantly affected by SPP1 infection. Normal expression of host genes appears to be essential for SPP1 growth. PMID- 814402 TI - Gene expression of bacteriophage SPP1. II. Regulatory aspects. AB - The expression of late SPP1 genes depends on preceding SPP1 DNA replication. This is shown in nonpermissive infection with a mutant defective in DNA replication and after inhibition of DNA synthesis by HPUra. The potential for host gene expression is not significantly influenced by SPP1 infection, as evidenced by the continuation of host protein synthesis and the inducibility of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase after infection. The involvement of a positive control element in the regulation of SPP1 gene expression is deduced from the observation that chloramphenicol prevents the synthesis of the only class of mRNA which is transcribed from the L-strand. PMID- 814403 TI - Restriction and modification in B. subtilis. Nucleotide sequence recognised by restriction endonuclease R. Bsu R from strain R. AB - Restriction endonuclease R from Bacillus subtilis strain R cleaves nonmodified SPP 1 DNA in approximately 80, and lambda DNA in about 200 different sites. DNA digests with this endonuclease and with endonuclease Hae III from Haemophilus aegyptius show identical fragmentation patterns on gel electrophoresis, indicating that the two enzymes recognise the same nucleotide sequence. The polynucleotide kinase reaction was used in conjunction with two-dimensional ionophoretic nucleotide mapping methods to identify the 5'-nucleotide sequences at the sites of cleavage by the B. subtilis restriction endonuclease. The results show that the recognition sequence is (see article) where arrows indicate the points of strand scission. Each of the four possible nucleotides can occur in the positions flanking the recognition site. PMID- 814404 TI - Instability at the bobbed locus following magnification in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Newly magnified bobbed loci, combined with bb+ or bb loci, are in certain cases unstable. This may lead either to a reversion to the original bobbed mutation, or to lethal bobbed mutation. We name this instability "modification". Modification occurs very early during the first divisions following fecondation of eggs, in embryos heterozygous for a magnified bobbed locus and a bb+ or bb locus. This phenomenon of modification is consistent with the model proposed by Ritossa (1972) to account for the phenomenom of magnification. PMID- 814405 TI - A molecular analysis of transductional marker rescue involving P-group plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The molecular properties of the P-group plasmids R26, R527 and R18-18- (a carbenicillin-sensitive derivative of R18) have been compared with those of RP1. R18-18 and RPI have a MW about 38 X 10(6) daltons, and R26 and R527 of 52 X 10(6) daltons (determined from contour lengths). All three plasmids have a bouyant density similar to that of RPI (1.719 g/cm3, 60% GN. From their molecular and phenotypic similarities, these plasmids probably represent two pairs of identical or closely similar elements. Resistant bacteria are not recovered following F116L mediated transduction of R26 (or R527), and this correlates with the plasmids' larger size (phage genome=40 X 10(6) daltons). Fragments of R26 are, however, transduced and their resistance determinants may be "rescued" by recombination if the recipient harbours R1818. Such events are accompanied by an increase in the size of the recipient plasmid from 38 X 10(6) to 52 X 10(6) daltons following inheritance of the resistance determinants Sm Su Gm Hg, but not Cb. Thus, Sm Su Gm Hg are encoded in a DNA segment of MW about 14 X 10(6) daltons which apparently has no homologous region on R18-18. Since a piece of DNA of this MW also corresponds to the difference in size between R26 and R18-18, it is possible that the former is derived from an RPI-like element which has acquired these additional resistance determinants. PMID- 814406 TI - Enzyme defense against reactive oxygen derivatives. II. Erythrocytes and tumor cells. AB - The enzymatic destruction of oxidizing products produced during metabolic reduction of oxygen in the cell (such as singlet oxygen, H2O2 and OH radical) involves the concerted action of superoxide dismutase-which removes O-2 and yields H2O2-and H2O2 removing enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase. A difference in distribution or ratio of these enzymes in various tissues may result in a different reactivity of oxygen radicals. It was found that in red blood cells superoxide dismutase and catalase are extracted in the same fraction as hemoglobin, while glutathione peroxidase appears to be "loosely" bound to the cellular structure. This suggests that in red blood cells catalase acts in series with superoxide dismutase against bursts of oxygen radicals formed from oxyhemoglobin, while glutathione & peroxidase may protect the cell membrane against low concentrations of H2O2. On the other hand, catalase activity is absent in various types of ascites tumor cells, while glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are found in the cytoplasm. However, the peroxidase/dismutase ratio is lower than in liver cells, and this may provide an explanation for the higher susceptibility of tumor cells to treatments likely to involve oxygen radicals. PMID- 814407 TI - EDTA-and puromycin-derived duck- and rabbit globin-messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated by oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography. AB - Duck- and rabbit globin messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated by oligo(dT) cellulose chromatography reveal an identical protein pattern-two main proteins of molecular weights of 73,000 and 49,000 daltons and minor components whether the complexes have been liberated from polyribosomes with the EDTA- or the puromycin-high-salt method. In the globin messenger ribonucleoprotein particles of both species predominantly the protein with a molecular weight of 73,000 daltons is attached to poly(A)-containing regions of the messenger RNAs. PMID- 814409 TI - [The therapy of malignant fractures of the extremities (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical treatment of malignant fractures of the extremities includes a wide range of methods today. The intramedullary Kuntscher nailing of the femur and tibia by the AO (Society for Osteosynthesis) method, Hackethal's multiple nailing in the upper arm and fore arm, and the bone glue-plate compound osteosynthesis methods are described. The alloplastic joint prostheses for hip and knee are extended to proximal and distal femur prostheses. Total femur prosthesis with simultaneous hip and knee joint alloplasty seems to be full of prospect. PMID- 814408 TI - [DNA content, replication and transcription rate in different site of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Duration of replication period and relative content of DNA and chromosomal newly synthesized RNA were determined in nine sites of the region 1A1-3C8 in the polytene X-chromosome of D. melanogaster. Determination of DNA content by cytophotometry of Feulgen stained preparations and by autoradiography after long term [3H]thymidine labeling gave similar results for all nine sites. The smallest portion of the chromosome in which DNA content could be measured by cytophotometry was about 2-10 bands. The mean DNA content per one band measured separately in 25 sites of the 1A1-3C8 region containing 109 bands differs in 8 times. Calculations show that different chromomeres of elementary chromosome (chromatide) contained from 8 to 65 X 10(3) bases pairs. No additional DNA replication was shown to be involved in the process of 2B region puffing. The duration of replication period was found to correlate negatively with the level of the transcription rate in nine sites of the 1A1-3C8 region of the X-chromosome (r = -0.65). The transcription rate correlates negatively with the DNA content in the largest band for each of nine sites. No significant correlation was obtained between duration of replication period and DNA content in the largest band for each of nine regions. PMID- 814410 TI - [Is the activity of rheumatoid arthritis affected by repeated surgical operations?(author's transl)]. AB - 37 R.A. patients who had been operated on several times (synovectomy and reconstructive surgery) were re-examined within 1 to 6 years after operation. Pain and function were improved in 2/3 of the patients, morning stiffness, ESR, and medicine consumption decreased in 2/3. The lower cortisone requirement in 28 patients (75%) was particularly impressive. 25 patients (67%) became cortisone free. The joint index was reduced in 30 patients (81%). The impression exists that the rheumatic process can be influenced surgically for a long time. PMID- 814411 TI - [Second and multiple operations on the biliary tract. Follow-up of 90 patients (author's transl)]. AB - 108 repeat operations on the biliary tract of 90 patients within a period of 6 years are reported. Lethality in 11% (10 patients), good results in 50 patients, no freedom from complaint in 21 patients suggest that the prognosis depends on the method of operation. PMID- 814412 TI - [Giant-cell hepatitis and bile duct obstruction in the newborn infant. 2 different syndromes or one pathogenetic entity?]. PMID- 814413 TI - [Sauerbruch and the development of thoracic surgery]. PMID- 814414 TI - [Porphyria variegata (author's transl)]. AB - Porphyria variegata, one of the rarer forms of hepatic porphyria, is brought to the attention through presentation of one case. Its clinical and chemical laboratory characteristics are compared with other hepatic porphyrias and pathogenesis, hereditary transmission and therapy are gone into. PMID- 814415 TI - [The effect of Voltaren on the gastrointestinal excretion of blood (author's transl)]. AB - 24 subjects were treated with Voltaren 150 mg per day for 21 days, or with Naproxen 750 mg per day and ASA 3.0 g per day. In all patients the physiological excretion of blood from the intestine markedly increased, to a very great extent with Naproxen and ASA. From this aspect, Voltaren is highly significantly superior in maximal doses to the other two medicaments. PMID- 814416 TI - [50 years of strumectomy at the hospital Munchen-Nymphenburg. Indication, surgical technic and mortality following the surgery of goiter]. AB - A brief report is made on the experience relating to the current approach in strumectomies, and on the mortality and causes of death after strumectomy during the past 50 years at the Munich-Nymphenburg Hospital. A significant feature is the decrease in mortality to 0.39% and the disappearance of air embolism since the introduction of intubation anesthesia. Cardiovascular failure, pulmonary embolism and pneumonia were seen to occur as most frequent causes of death during all periods under survey. PMID- 814417 TI - [Thyroid gland surgery in elderly patients (author's transl)]. AB - In our hospital during the last 8 years, 583 operations on the thyroid gland were performed. 95 patients were aged between 61 and 90, and there was an increased risk in more than half of these cases. Our observations show that thyroid gland surgery is relatively harmless with insignificant complications, except for cancer of the thyroid, which has a high lethality. PMID- 814418 TI - [Cystic degeneration of autonomous adenomas (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up examinations in four patients with autonomous adenomas showed cystic degeneration in the autonomous adenomas 20 to 45 months after the first examination, confirmed by fine needle biopsy. Clinical improvement occurred three times with scintigraphic compensation, decompensation occurred once without clinical deterioration. In particular cases a therapeutic policy of wait and see is justified in patients with autonomous adenomas because they may remain clinically inconspicuous for a long time; on the other hand there is a possibility of a cystic degeneration. PMID- 814419 TI - [Mechanical and functional complications in endemic struma (author's transl)]. AB - Of 1294 patients examined with struma of magnitude I to III, complications in the form of mechanical effects on the neighboring organs, disturbances of thyroid function and pathological anatomical changes in the struma were demonstrated in 1051 cases. The appearance of high-seated esophageal varices is described in 33 patients with primary struma of magnitude II and III. 72 patients had congenital or postnatal hypothyroidism, and 164 patients a subclinical one. The carcinoma ratio (2.9%) was in the lower range of the normal for the endemic areas. Because of the high complication rate, every struma should be clarified diagnostically and specifically treated. PMID- 814420 TI - [The cholera syndrome - pathogenesis and pathogens (author's transl)]. AB - The same pathomechanism underlies both classical cholera and the enteritides due to nonagglutinating (NAG) vibrios and a few types of E. coli. A heat-labile enterotoxin activates the adenocyclase. This stimulates the cells of the small intestine to secrete ions and water, the immune reaction in the intestine is retarded and the production of gastric juice is reduced. Neuraminidase potentiates these reactions by opening additional enterotoxin receptors. Endotoxin is a further pathogenetic factor. The individual pathogens can certainly be clearly distinguished microbiologically, but the possession of the same pathogenetic factors makes the transition seem rather fluid. For this reason it is certainly wrong to regard NAG vibrios as only harmless water vibrios. PMID- 814421 TI - [Clinical pathology of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - 24 patients (among 35 clinical cases) with meningococcal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome were submitted to pathologic anatomical examinations (including 18 microscopic investigations). Two aspects were found: 12 cases of mild suprarenal hemorrhage (histological evidence only), but associated with massive degeneration of the adrenocortical cells, leptomeningitis, distinct thymic hypertrophy with microthrombi in various organs. The other 12 cases presented massive bilateral suprarenal hemorrhage with medium status thymo-lymphaticus and distinct capillary thromboses in all organs investigated (consumptive coagulopathy). PMID- 814422 TI - [Relapsing tetanus (author's transl)]. AB - Tetanus relapses are caused by reactivated tetanus spores which have remained in the region of the wound, and made possible by unsatisfactory immunisation during a tetanus infection. From previously communicated individual case reports, the frequency of relapse, the length of the interval and the type of course are grouped together and compared with a case of our own. Electromyography plays a decisive role in the differential diagnosis of clinically similar syndromes and hysterical reactions. The characteristic electrophysiological findings are presented from the example of our own patient. Finally the therapeutic consequences are pointed out. PMID- 814424 TI - [The one-dose-therapy of the Trichomonas colpitis with tinidazole]. PMID- 814423 TI - [TPHA test. Comparison with classical lues reactions and the FTA-ABS test (author's transl)]. AB - 1. 227 sera from a mixed group of patients were investigated by the TPHA test, FTA-ABS test, the complement fixation reaction with cardiolipin and pallida antigens, the Meinicke test II and the VDRL test, and compared. 2. 124 sera with a diagnosis of "latent seropositive syphilis" were compared in the same way. The TPHA, FTA-ABS and VDRL tests were in very good agreement with a high specificity and sensitivity, so that all 3 methods are suitable for routine diagnosis. 3. A change in the diagnostic methods for lues is discussed in the light of our own results and those published in the literature and the fact that no unclarified cases remain after using the TPHA and the FTA-ABS tests. PMID- 814426 TI - [Prof. Dr. med. Heinrich Lippelt--obituary]. PMID- 814425 TI - [Tetracyclines for the treatment of mycoplamic prostato-urethritis]. PMID- 814427 TI - [Noise at work (author's transl)]. AB - In 1929, noise-induced lesions were accepted for the first time into the list of occupational diseases. Only "deafness or impairment of hearing bordering on deafness caused by noise" in workers from factories working and processing metals was recognised. Today the VII. Occupational Diseases Order is in force, according to which notifications and compensations may be carried through without regard to the type of factory. The effect of noise is divided into two large groups: 1. General "autonomic" reactions, 2. damage to the organ of hearing. For point 2 there are accurately defined concepts, specifications for the protection and detection of workers exposed to noise and methods of investigation. But there are also a number of problems in the sphere of the expert opinion. There are some difficulties with regard to preventive measures in the use of personal noise protection. Prominent in prophylaxis are sound level measurements. PMID- 814428 TI - [Urinary tract carcinomas in gas industry employees (author's transl)]. AB - Arising from a retrospective investigation of the causes of death in active and pensioned employees from the author's sphere of observation, the increased occurence of urinary tract carcinoma in furnace battery and pipe system workers in the gas industry is pointed out. Statistical studies suggest a causal connection between exposure to tar in these jobs and the urinary tract carcinomas. The necessity for industrial medical precautions is commented on. PMID- 814429 TI - [Industrial accidents and the weather (author's transl)]. AB - Of the numerous factors which can be held responsible for the frequency of industrial accidents, the influence of the weather plays a certain role. Accidents occur more frequently during warm air advection with climatic instability (heat thunderstorms), they occur less frequently in north west weather conditions with cold air advection and particularly in east weather conditions. Germans and foreigners are similarly affected by the weather. PMID- 814430 TI - [Natural and mechanical respiration therapy for chronic respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Respiratory therapy of ventilation disorders involves a redistribution of the work of the respiratory musculature from above downwards, relieving the auxiliary musculature, increasing the excursion of the lower part of the thorax and relaxation of the diaphragm. It is pointless to provide respiratory techniques for use as exercises only when the body is in a state of rest; suitable respiratory techniques must rather be of the pattern of spontaneous respiratory movement which keeps control in stress situations also. The patient must learn to recognise the limit of his own pulmonary functional capacity, so that he can reduce the work load in good time before it is reached. Respiratory therapy is increased even more by passive positive pressure respiration which enables passive inspiration, sparing inspiratory respiratory work, with active exercise therapy in the expiratory phase, and which can be combined with inhalation treatment. PMID- 814431 TI - [The disorders of cerebrovascular circulation. The recent viewpoints in the world literature]. PMID- 814432 TI - [Resection of a large hypernephroma from the middle part of a solitary kidney]. PMID- 814433 TI - [Double pylorus (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of double pylorus are reported which had been diagnosed gastroscopically. In 1 case, the ulcerative origin could be demonstrated by autopsy and histological examination. PMID- 814434 TI - [The treatment of pertrochanteric femoral fractures by trochanteric nailing (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of pertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients should be undertaken immediately for vital reasons. The operating time is considerably reduced by the simplicity of trochanteric nailing. Consequently, the postoperative complications are considerably fewer in comparison to other methods. This type of treatment guarantees considerably greater chances of survival through the outstandingly successful healing. PMID- 814435 TI - [Experiences with Eusaprim suspension for adults in geriatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - A new galenical formulation of the broad spectrum bactericidal agent, Eusaprim Suspension for Adults, has been tried in 121 geriatric patients presenting various infections, particularly of the urogenital tract, respiratory passages, gastrointestinal tract, as well as superinfections in decubitus, varicose ulcer and gangrene. No differences could be established compared to the tablet form. No side effects were observed and transient symptoms of intolerance were noted in only 4 cases. The suspension should be given preference in patients presenting difficulty in swallowing. PMID- 814436 TI - [Instillation therapy of anal cryptitis]. PMID- 814437 TI - [Karl Ernst von Baer 1792-1876]. PMID- 814438 TI - [Infant mortality, premature birth, social factors (author's transl)]. AB - In connection with the analysis of individual cases of maternal deaths undertaken in Hamburg since 1953, the cases of infantile mortality between 1968 and 1972 were collected and investigated according to the type of event. The deaths are listed according to age and in 2 weight groups with a limiting value of 2500 g. For comparison, the frequency of premature births to all births of the period is presented. The collective of dead infants has been examined according to the age of the mother and the family circumstances into which the child was born. The maternal deaths, stillbirths and infantile deaths should be considered epidemiologically as a unit, the analysis of individual deaths being seen as a starting point for elucidating the entire field of relationship. PMID- 814439 TI - [The diagnostic significance of immunoglobulin determination in chronic liver diseases. III. observations of progress (author's transl)]. AB - 55 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and 20 with liver cirrhosis were observed over a 2-year period. Liver biopsy was performed several times but no immunosuppressive therapy was carried out. In this way a comparison was made between biochemically and histomorphologically demonstrable alterations in the process with the immunoglobulins. Significant agreement between the clinical biochemical and histomorphological activities and the behavior of immunoglobulin can only be concluded from increased activity of the process. But in histological deterioration, no correlation to the immunoglobulins was established, with the exception of IGM. PMID- 814440 TI - [Immunobiological "Allassotherapy" in sarcoidosis. Method and results (author's transl)]. AB - Immunobiological allassotherapy is performed with subcutaneous injections of a mixture of old tuberculin and blood of a healthy donor of the same blood group who is highly sensitive to tuberculin and additional BCG injections. The results and experience over 15 years with this treatment show the advantages of this method in a series of patients with proved resistance to therapy and a poor prognosis compared with methods previously possible. PMID- 814441 TI - [Diabetic nephropathy (author's transl)]. AB - The term diabetic nephropathy includes the Kimmelstiel-Wilson intercapillary glumerulosclerosis (1936), arterio-arteriolosclerotic changes and pyelonephritis. In principle, diabetic nephropathy becomes more frequent with increasing duration of diabetes mellituus. Pyelonephritis is 4 to 5 times more frequent in diabetics than in the general population. Elderly overweight women are particularly at risk. - Only the nodular intercapillary glomerulosclerosis and not the diffuse or exudative form is specific for diabetes mellitus. It is found in 20-40% of all diabetics who have had the disease for 10-15 years. Whether the microangiopathy is typical of diabetes mellitus remains to be seen. Due to the intense cardiovascular changes, possible disorders of brain and liver function and infection, the prognosis of renal insufficiency is considerably worse in diabetics than in non-diabetics. PMID- 814442 TI - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal insufficiency. Prevention and therapy]. PMID- 814444 TI - [Amino acid pattern in endemic (Balkan-)nephropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Free amino acids were determined quantitatively in serum from the fasting blood of healthy children from families with patients with endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. A group of healthy children of the same age served as controls. Compared with the boys from healthy families the healthy boys from families with patients of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy had statistically significantly higher concentrations of the following amino acids: alanin, citrulline, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline and serine. The healthy girls from families with patients with endemic (Balkan) nephropathy had statistically significantly higher concentrations of citrulline, cystine, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline and serine than girls in the control group. PMID- 814443 TI - [Renal osteopathy and bone mineralisation in patients treated with dihydrotachysterol during long term dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - 21 hypocalcemic patients on regular hemodialysis were treated for 2 months with 0.2 mg and for a further 2 months with 0.46 mg dihydrotachysterol daily. 8 normocalcemic patients served as a control group. Radiological and radiodensitometric investigations were undertaken in all patients at regular intervals. Slight signs of renal osteopathy with a predominant osteomalacic component could be established in the skeletal X-ray in 55% of all patients. Compared with a healthy collective, all dialysis patients showed a small but significant reduction of bone mineralisation radiodensitometrically before the beginning of treatment. During treatment with dihydrotachysterol, the patients showed a significant demineralisation of the skeleton. In four cases the characteristics of the osteopathy also increased in the skeletal radiography. During the same period of observation, none of the untreated patients showed any change of the bone mineralisation. PMID- 814446 TI - [Statistics of a bush hospital (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report from a hospital in Ethiopia, the only hospital for a tribe of about 1 million people. With a capacity of 50 beds, about 3,000 in patients per annum plus outpatient department and 5 outposts of about 70,000 patients per annum. Considering the variety of severe and complicated cases in any field of medicine (obstetrics, major and minor surgery, internal medicine dealing with tropical, infectious, helminthic and ophthalmic diseases, etc.), a female staff of 2 physicians, 1 pharmacist, 1 laboratory assistant and a total of 6 nurse midwives is completely insufficient. None of the more than 50 native employees is in possession of a nursing diploma as a result of poor school education. In therapy, penicillin still plays the role of a miracle drug. PMID- 814445 TI - [The determination of hemagglutinating antibodies with polyvalent E, coli O antigens in infections of the urinary tract in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 42 sera from children with acute urinary tract infections and 71 sera from children with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections were examined for antibodies by means of indirect hemagglutination with eight different polyvalent O antigens from a total of 143 E. coli strains and compared with a control group from 142 children. 72% of the children with acute urinary tract infection had a raised antibody titer. On the other hand, the group with chronic recurrent urinary tract infection showed raised antibody titers in only 23% of cases. The method is suitable for random sample investigations and for observation of the course of the disease. PMID- 814447 TI - [Maupassant as a patient. At the occasion of the author's 125th birthday on August 5th, 1975]. PMID- 814448 TI - Temperature-sensitive prune (pn) mutations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutations, at the prune locus (pnts) of Drosophilia melanogaster, were induced with EMS. The majority of the new class of mutations, designated pnts-e, do not interact with the mutation Killer of prune (Kpn) at all of the experimental temperatures, i.e., pnts-e, Kpn flies do not die. One mutation, designated pnts-ek, is temperature-senstive with respect to both the eye coloration and the interaction with Kpn. pntr (temperature-non-sensitive), pnts-e, and pnts-ek alleles were found to differ with respect to both quantity of drosopterines and the color of the eyes. The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) for pn eye color occurs at a late pupal stage. The TSP for the pn--Kpn interaction lasts from the beginning of the first laraval instar to eclosion [22]. It is concluded that all pn mutations known to date occupy the same functional unit. The various pn mutations affect the same metabolic step to various degrees: the eye color phenotype results from a reduction in the end product, while the interaction with Kpn depends on the amount of the accumulated precursor. No recombination between pn alleles was found among more than 106 zygotes that were scored. The reasons for this failure are discussed. PMID- 814450 TI - On nature of Y chromosome fragments induced in Drosophila melanogaster females. III. C(1)RA vs C(1)RM females. AB - The distribution of breakpoints in the Y chromosome has been determined for samples of Y chromosome fragments recovered from irradiated immature and mature oocytes of females carrying a reversed acrocentric compound X chromosome. Both distributions differ from the distributions determined from Y chromosome fragments recovered from irradiated females carrying a reversed metacentric compound X chromosome. Differential spatial associations of chromosomes in the oocyte nuclei of the two types of females is discussed as a possible cause of the observed differences. PMID- 814449 TI - Chemical induction of chromosome aberrations in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Third instar larvae of the Oregon R stock were treated for 25 or 30 min with vapour of methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). At various times after the treatment (4, 8 and 12 h), microscope specimens of the nerve ganglia were prepared. At all the times of fixation, only aberrations of a chromatid type were found, but with different frequencies in the two sexes. The females were about 3 times more sensitive than the males to MMS. An analysis of the distribution of the breaks between and within chromosomes showed that they were not localized at random but were clustered in the heterochromatic centromere regions of the X chromosome and the autosomes. The Y chromosome, although entirely heterochromatic, on the other hand, was highly resistant to MMS. However, this phenomenon had only a very weak effect upon the variation with sex of MMS-induced chromosome damage. Among the aberrations induced, although interchanges were normally present, neither intra exchanges nor triradials were found. In the interchanges, there was a greater tendency for the homologous chromosomes to be involved, and these rejoined symmetrically. The above results are discussed in relation to data previously obtained with X-rays. PMID- 814452 TI - Lack of an effect of caffeine on repair systems in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster following treatment of mature sperm with alkylating agents. PMID- 814451 TI - Mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, and ifosfamide in drosophila melanogaster. specific induction of recessive lethals in the absence of detectable chromosome breakage. AB - The mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide (EndoxanR), trofosfamide (IxotenR), and ifosfamide was tested on male germ cells, mainly mature sperm, of Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic end points used were sex-linked recessive lethals, dominant lethals, sex chromosome loss, and partial Y chromosome loss. For recessive sex-linked lethals, all three substances induced a significant increase over the control. The effectiveness was not concentration dependent. None of the compounds induced dominant lethals, or complete or partial loss of the sex chromosome. The results are interpreted to indicate the existence of a rate limiting factor which acts as restriction on the amount of active metabolite in the target cell. This amount is considered to be lower than that required to cause a detectable increase in chromosome breakage types of damage, but is detectable with the higher resolving power of the recessive lethal test. PMID- 814453 TI - Intracellular distribution of 8-14C-puromycin aminonucleoside in ultraviolet irradiated Escherichia coli. AB - The uptake of 8-14C-puromycin aminonucleoside (8-14C-PAN) was studied in ultraviolet (UV) irradiated strains of E. coli B/r hcr+ and hcr-. The cells took up only 0.1-0.3% of the 8-14C-PAN present in the medium when grown in minimal (M9) containing 8-14C-PAN. When ethylenedinitrilotetra-acetic acid (EDTA) treated E. coli cells are placed in a medium containing 8-14C-PAN, the total concentration of 8-14C-PAN in the cells reaches 43-54% of the medium within 30 min of incubation. Almost all 8-14C-PAN can be dialyzed from cells exposed in the absence of an energy source, but cells metabolizing in M9 medium during exposure can retain up to 30% of their internal concentration. Bacteria grown in the presence of 8-14C-PAN, accumulated the radioactive material intracellularly in three forms, namely, unbound, reversibly bound (dialyzable) and irreversibly bound to the protein (nondialyzable). Approx. 70-77% of the irreversibly bound radioactive material linked with the protein fraction was released by treatment with a protease. Addition of PAN into the post-irradiation medium of EDTA-treated hcr+ cells, increased UV induced mutation rates. Antimutagenic purine ribosides decreased the final level of 8-14C-PAN accumulated by the cells. Decreases in 8 14C-PAN uptake in the presence of antimutagens correspond to reductions in the rate of mutation to streptomycin resistance induced by UV light. Therefore, protein bound PAN appears to be the relevant component in the enhancement of UV induced mutation by this drug. PMID- 814454 TI - Counteracting effect of eosin and related dyestuffs on the production of respiration-deficient mutants in yeast by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - Production of respiration-deficient (rho-) mutants under growing conditions in a strain of Saccharomyces chevalieri by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), a potent carcinogen, reached 100%. The mutation frequency was considerably reduced when eosin Y was applied in various combinations with 4NQO. The counteracting effect was slight when eosin Y was applied concurrently with 4NQO, but was very strong and persistent when eosin Y was impregnated into the yeast cells before their exposure to 4NQO. Eosin B, erythrosin B and uranin also showed more or less counteracting effects agains 4NQO in producing the rho- mutants. Possible mechanisms for the counteracting effects of these dyestuffs against 4NQO are discusses in relation to antimutagenesis and chemotherapeutic interference. PMID- 814455 TI - Mutagenicity screening of pesticides in the microbial system. AB - A survey on the mutation induction capacity was made in the microbial system on 166 pesticides including 57 fungicides, 63 herbicides and 46 insecticides. The screening methods consisted of the rec-assay procedure, a sensitivity test utilizing H17 Rec+ and M45 Rec- strains of Bacillus subtilis, as well as the reversion assays on plates utilizing auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli (WP2) and Salmonella typhimurium (Ames series). Chemicals inducing reversions were detected only among those showing positive effects in the rec-assay but not among negative samples. In addition to Captafol, Captan, Dexon and NBT of which mutagenicities have been previously reported, Dichlorvos, Folpet, 2 hydrazinoethanol (HEH), 5-nitro-1-naphthonitrile (NNN) and Vamidothion were found to be mutagens in our systems. PMID- 814456 TI - The mutagenic effect of the mercury fungicide Ceresan M in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - After the 1972 mercury poisoning in Iraq, there was widespread concern over the use of mercury fungicides in seed dressing. The ethyl mercury fungicide Ceresan M, claimed to be responsible for the two earlier outbreaks of poisoning in 1956 and 1960 in Iraq, was tested in Drosophila to study its mutagenic potentialities. Of the two concentrations used, namely 30 and 40 mg of the chemical in 100 cc of the food medium, the latter treatment resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals. PMID- 814457 TI - Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The standard sex-linked recessive lethal test using "Basc" virgin females and treated Canton S males was used to test potential mutagenicity of ingested butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on mature spermatozoa. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was employed as a positive control and at lower concentrations a roughly linear dose response curve resulted. Flies treated with BHA yielded no higher frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals than did control flies, and statistical analysis confirmed that a high confidence level, the BHA treatment used did not double the spontaneous frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals. PMID- 814458 TI - [Electroimmunoprecipitation for the determination of precipitating antibodies in Candida mycoses--a comparison with other serological investigation methods]. PMID- 814459 TI - Some impacts of clinical investigation on immunology. Surface IgD, IgE, and heavy chain variants. PMID- 814460 TI - Letter: Survival of Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease virus in formol-fixed brain tissue. PMID- 814461 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 15-1976. PMID- 814463 TI - Aspergillosis in desert locust (Schistocerka gregaria Forsk). AB - Fatal Aspergillus flavus infection of Desert Locust at Field Station for Investigations on Locusts, Bikaner, India, has been described. The infection appeared in the form of pinkish to brownish black patches with hardening of the affected regions, paralysis and twichings of the legs. The fungus was demonstrated in the lesions and was isolated from the diseased parts as well as from the air, floor and walls of the breeding cabin. The cool and humid conditions of the cabin favoured growth of the fungus and the air blasts helped in dissemination of its spores in the air which predisposed the disease. The infection appeared exogenous with the fungus gaining assess through surface and invading the deeper tissues. It has often been observed at the Field Station for Investigation, on Locusts, Bikaner, India, that the mortility rate of Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forst) at times increased to a frustrating level preventing the building of a good laboratory stock (5). All the diseased and dying insects showed similar features. Sporadic deaths occurred throughout the year and were preceeded by similar signs and symptoms. On 12th May 1975 following a two day dust storm about 40% of the insects in a breeding cabin developed these features and ultimately died. This paper describes investigations under taken at our end to study aetiopathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 814462 TI - Letter: Total parenteral nutrition at home. PMID- 814464 TI - Novel surface polymer changes in development of Myxococcus spp. PMID- 814465 TI - Gene that controls initiation of chromosome replication and prophage induction in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 814466 TI - Early production of intracellular IgM by B-lymphocyte precursors in mouse. PMID- 814467 TI - Substance stimulating the differentiation of spores of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum licheniforme. PMID- 814468 TI - Regulation of degradation of thyrotropin releasing hormone by thyroid hormones. PMID- 814469 TI - Fossil hominid femora and the evolution of walking. PMID- 814470 TI - Intercalary regeneration in imaginal wing disk of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814471 TI - Interspecific variation in products of animal mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 814472 TI - [Tobacco mosaic virus and para-tobacco mosaic virus in cigarettes]. PMID- 814473 TI - Temperature regulation in the slow loris. PMID- 814474 TI - [Hepato-cellular jaundice and thrombopenia following prolonged intravenous administration of oil emulsion (Intralipid)]. PMID- 814475 TI - [Gonorrheal opthalmia neonatorum]. PMID- 814476 TI - [Pro and contra: electrocardiography in general practice]. PMID- 814477 TI - [Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in children]. PMID- 814478 TI - [The so-called Moyamoya syndrome (hemangiomatous vascular network at the base of the skull) associated with Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. A case report]. PMID- 814479 TI - [Circulatory disturbance of the venous system under intracranial hypertension (3rd report)-an experiment using primates (author's transl)]. AB - Although many authors suggested vascular compression of venous system under increased intracranial pressure, the exact site and mechanism of the compression are still obscure. By the previous reports obtained in mongrel dogs, we clarified that a vascular stenosis took place 1-2 mm lateral to the junction between the lateral lacuna and the superior sagittal sinus as the intracranial pressure (ICP) was elevated. The present study was designed to reinvestigate the internal pressure of the intracranial venous pathways using crab-eating monkeys under gradually increasing ICP. (1) METHODS: Using crab-eating monkeys, pressure of the cortical veins and the superior sagittal sinus was measured by cannulating small calibred (0.4 - 0.5 mm in outer diameter) polyethylene tube. The ICP was elevated by inflating rubber balloon placed in the epidural space. Pressure of the above mentioned vessels, systemic blood pressure and ICP were measured with a standard pressure transducer. Pressure gradient between the lateral lacuna and the superior sagittal sinus was measured by moving to and fro the tip of small calibred tube which was inserted into the lacuna under operation microscope. (2) RESULTS: The pressure of the cortical vein was constantly 50 - 250 mmH2O (4-18 mmHg) higher than the ICP in monkeys, regardless of the level of ICP (Fig. 1, 2 & 3). Pressure of the superior sagittal sinus was quite stable at the low level untill the ICP was elevated up to 500mmH2O (36 mmHg) and more or less increased thereafter (Fig. 1 & 2). The pressure in the parasagittal venous pathways presented abrupt alterations between the lacuna and the superior sagittal sinus in monkeys (Fig. 6). (3) CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that a gradual stenosis of parasagittal venous pathways took place 1-2 mm lateral to the junction between the lateral lacuna and the superior sagittal sinus in monkeys when the ICP was gradually elevated. This result suggests that also in humans a gradual stenosis occurs in a similar fasion as the ICP is elevated. The results of the experiment obtained in monkeys were almost the same as those previously obtained in dogs. PMID- 814480 TI - [The effect of alphamethyltyrosine on cerebral vascular occlusive disease (author's transl)]. AB - A double blind prospective study of the modification by alphamethyltyrosine (AMT) of experimental occulusion of the middle celebral artery (MCA) was performed on squirrel monkeys. The transorbital microsurgical technique was employed to expose the origin of the left MCA. A miniture Levis-Scoville clip was placed on the left MCA for 3 hours. Thirteen monkeys were given 10 ml/kg of 2% AMT solution approximately on hour prior to occlusion and just after revascularization. Thirteen control monkeys were given an equal volume of normal saline. After the removal of hte clip, detailed evaluation of neurological condition was recored every hour for 6 hours and at frequent intervals thereafter until the monkey expired or was sacrificed. The brain was perfused with biological carbon/saline solution and fixed glutaraldehyde using catheters placed in both common carotoid arteries. Brain samples were cut to 100 microns and examined with a light microscope. Immediately after the clip was placed on the MCA, all the animals demonstrated severe hemiparesis or hemiplegis of the contralateral side. When the clip was removed gradual recovery of function of the right side occured over a period of several hours. How,ever recovery was less complete in the control group, and even with seeming fair recovery of function in some animals, sudden death occured within 24 hours. Ten of the thirteen controls expired within 24 hours but only 2 AMT treated animals expired within 6 hours. Changes in blood pressure and gases due to AMT were negligible. In gross and microscopic examination, considerable brain edema with midline shift to the the contralateral side was observed in all untreated animals 6 hours after revascularization. Leakage of carbon, indicating microvasculature damage, occured in the infarcted areas and in the surrounding tissues. The sam degree of brain edema and infarction was observed in the AMT treated animals which were died within 6 hours after revascularization. Better perfusion with carbon black and less edema were, however, seen in other AMT treated animals 6 afters after revacularization... PMID- 814481 TI - Postictal blindness. AB - Transient loss of vision occasionally follows an epileptic seizure. This rare phenomenon is seen chiefly in children and may be related to the relative electrical instability of the occipital cerebral cortex. Occipital foci are more common in the juvenile electroencephalogram and, with maturity, tend to be seen more rostrally in the temporal areas. We have seen three cases of postictal blindness in children; all have cleared within 24 hours. PMID- 814482 TI - Spontaneous recurrent seizure state induced by daily electric amygdaloid stimulation in Senegalese baboons (Papio papio). AB - Daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala in Senegalese baboons (Papio papio) resulted in the development of generalized convulsive seizures focal onset through five distinct clinical stages in an average of 72 days. The chronologic pattern of electroclinical features suggested that vertical intrahemispheric ictal dissemination was of primary importance in the progressive seizure development. Some animals developed spontaneous recurrence of both partial complex and primary generalized seizures. The kindling preparation in P. papio represents a unique model of human epilepsy with its secondary generalized convulsive seizure development, spontaneously recurrent partial and primary generalized seizures in the background of predisposed epileptogenic susceptibility. PMID- 814483 TI - Levodopa and psychometric test performance in parkinsonism-5 years later. AB - Forty parkinsonian patients on levodopa therapy for a mean of 4 years and 10 months were given a battery of psychometric tests to assess memory cognition, and perception. Three equated control groups consisting of (1) parkinsonian patients not on levodopa, (2) patients on short-term levodopa, a mean of 1 year and 1 month, and (3) spouses, were administered a similar battery. The experimental group performed better than the nonlevodopa and the short-term groups on two subtests of intellectual functioning, but did less well on two tests of recent memory. All three parkinsonian groups consistently did significantly worse than spouses. When sex, age, and other relevant variables are equated, longer term levodopa therapy does not significantly after the overall pattern of psychometrically tested functions generally reported in parkinsonian patients. PMID- 814484 TI - A survey of drug formulary procedures in Naval Hospitals and the feasibility of change. PMID- 814485 TI - Case for diagnosis: mediastinal neurofileroma. PMID- 814486 TI - Progress and plans: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. PMID- 814487 TI - Seroepidemiological studies of Polaris submarine crews. I. Acute respiratory infections. PMID- 814488 TI - Seroepidemiological studies of polaris Submarine crews. II. Infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 814489 TI - Total surveillance program of infections: an analysis of two new programs in Army teaching hospitals. PMID- 814490 TI - Hydatidiform mole: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. PMID- 814491 TI - A comparative study of patient scheduling systems for Army sick call. PMID- 814492 TI - Search and re-search. PMID- 814493 TI - Blastomycosis of the lung and parotid gland: case report. PMID- 814494 TI - Human sexuality course in the military. PMID- 814495 TI - Multiple primary carcinoma: case report. PMID- 814496 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) of the anterior mediastinum: case report. PMID- 814497 TI - Primary ganglioneuroma of the posterior cranial fossa: case report. PMID- 814498 TI - Editorial: Military plastic surgery and esthetic surgery. PMID- 814499 TI - Chronic pleural thickening: some observations on cause and pathogenesis. PMID- 814500 TI - Surgical oral pathology in an Army Regional Laboratory: a survey. PMID- 814501 TI - Investigation of the perceived role functions and attitudes of the nurse practitioner role in a primary care clinic. PMID- 814502 TI - Behavior of Army personnel towards initial dental care. PMID- 814503 TI - Immunizations and false positive VDRL tests in military recruits. PMID- 814504 TI - HL-A27 in Reiter's Syndrome. PMID- 814505 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease with diphosphonate (disodium ethydronate)]. AB - 16 patients suffering from Paget's disease were studied before, during and after 3 or 6 month treatment with disodium ethydronate (EHDP) per os. An appreciable improvement in pain symptomatology was noted and at times an evident improvement in audiometry; from the metabolic viewpoint there was a fall in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline. A study of radiocalcium kinetics demonstrated a reduction in the exchangeable calcium pool and the fractional turnover rate. Histological examination following needle biopsy of the iliac crest showed evident diminution in the active bone cell population (osteoclasts, osteoblasts) and, in certain cases, appearance of osteoid borders. PMID- 814506 TI - [Economic correlations between the various states of health welfare]. PMID- 814507 TI - Potassium depletion and impaired insulin release in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 814508 TI - Chenodeoxycholic acid in the dissolution of gallstones. PMID- 814509 TI - Microstix-A reagent strip for urine culture. AB - Microstix is a simple and convenient reagent strip for obtaining a semi quantitative bacterial count on urine specimens. This method correctly predicted over 10(5) gram-negative organisms per ml in 84 percent of samples and over 10(5) gram-positive organisms per ml in 72 percent. Urine specimens containing 10(4) per ml or more of any organism should be recultured using fully quantitative methods. If this criterion had been used 89 percent of urine samples with over 10(5) organisms per ml would have been detected with Microstix and only 33 of the 393 remaining samples would need to have been repeated. The false positive rate was low. This method would be ideal for use in doctors' offices to culture the urine of patients presenting with urinary tract symptoms. It would also be very suitable for use in hospital clinics and for the screening of asymptomatic populations who are high risk of having urinary tract infections. PMID- 814510 TI - Ethiopia 1974-some medical impressions. AB - Medical impressions gained during the course of an international relief operation in Ethiopia in 1974 are presented. The medical problems encountered by members of the New Zealand Red Cross Medical Team were primarily those of an under developed, not faminestricken, country. PMID- 814511 TI - Suburethral diverticula treated by marsupialization. AB - This study reports the results of therapy for 8 patients in whom the diagnosis of suburethral diverticulum had been missed for many years. The treatment of these patients utilized a new surgical technic of marsupialization which is described in detail. In all patients, the time of operation was short, blood loss minimal, and the surgery resulted in relief of symptoms. No complications were noted with marsupialization as compared with the 17% overall complication rate of diverticulectomy, the present standard therapy. In addition, a literature survey of this disorder is presented as well as a program for adequate diagnostic evaluation of a patient with a urinary tract disorder. PMID- 814513 TI - [The effect of alpha- and beta-ecdysone on differentiation of imaginal disks of Drosophila melanogaster cultivated in vitro]. AB - The effect of alpha- and beta-ecdysone was studied upon differentiation of eye and leg imaginal discs of Drosophila cultivated together with neural ganglia in the medium C-39. In the medium without hormone, eye and leg imaginal discs from larvae of the early 3rd instar are not capable of differentiation. In these conditions, eye imaginal discs from larvae of the late 3rd instar become pigmented in 5 weeks and leg imaginal discs form sometimes segmented limbs on the 4th week of cultivation. In the medium with alpha- and beta-ecdysone, eye and leg imaginal discs from larvae of the early 3rd instar reveal only initial stages of differentiation. The effect of beta-ecdysone concentration was studied upon differentiation of leg and eye imaginal discs from larvae of the late 3rd instar. On decrease of beta-ecdysone concentration from 0.05 down to 0.005 mug/ml, initial stages of differentiation of leg imaginal discs proceed at a slower rate but, then, more complete differentiation with the formation of chitin and neuromuscular tissue is observed. In eye imaginal discs alpha-ecdysone at a concentration of 0.5 mug/ml and beta-ecdysone at a concentration of 0.005-0.5 mug/ml induce the pigment accumulation already at the 1st week of cultivation and beta-ecdysone at a concentration of 5 mug/ml fully inhibits the formation and accumulation of pigment. PMID- 814512 TI - The possible deleterious effects of the intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea. AB - Hypertonic urea has been shown to be an effective midtrimester abortifacient. Although safer than hypertonic saline when injected intravascularly, it has not been compared to saline in the case of inadvertent intramyometrial injection. This report documents that intramyometrial injection of hypertonic urea will result in the same type of muscle necrosis as that produced by saline. PMID- 814514 TI - [The effect of prolonged exposure to heat on the activity of salivary gland polytene chromosomes]. AB - The influence of long-term heating on the puffing activity of polytene chromosomes in the early prepupa salivary glands was investigated. The activity of puffs was estimated by two criteria: size and frequency. The rearing of insects at a temperature of 29 degrees resulted in puff changes: the activity of some puffs increased or depressed, some puffs were inhibited, other puffs were induced newly. The differential response of each chromosome was observed. A possible mechanism of the effect of heating on the puff activity of polytene chromosomes is discussed. PMID- 814515 TI - [Genetic control of chromosomal behavior during meiosis]. AB - A review concerned with the problem of genetic control of chromosome behaviour in meiosis. Descriptions are given for mutations switching off the process of meiosis as a whole, mutations switching off only the II meiotic division, and mutations blocking individual phenomena, such as pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing-over, segregation of chromosomes and cytokinesis. Mechanisms of the action of different genes affecting the same process may be quite different. Natural variations of meiosis in heteromorphic sexes, parthenogenetic animal species and apomictic plant species are considered from the viewpoint of blocking individual steps of meiosis. Some problems of general genetics are discussed for which meiotic mutations might be of great value. PMID- 814516 TI - [Snythesis of mucoprotein secretion in the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster IIIrd instar larvae]. AB - The process of mucoprotein (glue) accumulation is described. This substance is secreted by salivary glands of the III instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Granules of the secretory substance appear in the glandular cells 90 hrs after egg laying. Its secretion takes place within 120 hrs. The template RNA of glue proteins appears to be synthesized within the range of 72-85 hrs since actinomycin treatment of larvae at this time suppresses the formation of secretory substance. The portion of secretory proteins amounts to 23-32% of the total gland protein. In a mutant, 13tl, deficient by the absence of pupation, no PAS-positive, staining of glands or secretory granules identified under the phase contrast microscope was found. A possible participation of fat body in the formation of mucoprotein secretory substance is discussed. PMID- 814518 TI - [Hormonal regulation of mucoprotein secretion by salivary gland cells of Drosophila melanogaster larvae during metamorphosis]. AB - The secretion of mucoproteins by the Drosophila melanogaster salivary gland cells into the gland lumen is associated with the high ecdysone content. Mucoproteins are synthesized but not discharged by these cells in ecdysone-deficient homozygous 1(2)gl larvae, as well as in normal larvae devoid of ecdysone by ligatures and transplantation of salivary gland into the imago abdomen. Ecdysone injections stimulate the mucoprotein secretion into the gland lumen. PMID- 814519 TI - [The dynamics of realization of spontaneous dominant lethal mutations during drosophila ontogenesis]. AB - The dynamics of realization of spontaneous dominant lethal mutations (DLM) has been studied in cyclic crosses of 5 strains of Drosophila at 3 developmental stages. The frequency of the DLM realized at the embryonic stage was shown to be determined by the maternal organism. No predominant role of either parent in the realization of DLM at the larval and pupal stages was established. The total frequency of DLM realized at all developmental stages correlated with that of DLM realized at the embryonic stages and was determined by the maternal organism. The maternal effect in the determination of DLM frequency was not related to the shift in the stage of their realization. The DLM frequency at the embryonic stage may serve as a criterion of mutational process in strains since it reflects their genetical structure but its utilization for characterization of hybrid combinations is not expedient as it is mainly determined by the maternal organism. PMID- 814520 TI - [Determination of gene Est-6 expression in the genitalia of Drosophila melanogaster males]. AB - To determine the time of the appearance of cells capable of subsequent synthesis of esterase-6, genital imaginal discs extracted from male larvae of different instars were transplanted in female larvae just before pupation. An analysis of the esterase activity in transplants has shown that cells in which esterase-6 is to be synthesized appear 8-10 hrs after the beginning of the 3rd larval instar, i.e. long before the differentiation starts. The relations between the determination of the gene Est-6 expression and its transcription and translation were assessed by studying the effect of the inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) and protein synthesis (cycloheximide). It has been demonstrated that the transcription and translation of the gene Est-6 take place after metamorphosis during the first hours after emergence of imago. There exists, thus, a large interval between the appearance of cells capable of esterase synthesis and the time of expression of the structural gene controlling this enzyme. The data obtained suggest that cell determination may not be due to the accumulation of "long-living" templates (mRNA). PMID- 814521 TI - [Isolation of active gonadotropin fractions from sturgeon hypophysis and procurement of specific immune sera to them]. AB - The proteins of sturgeon hypophysis form 12 fractions when being separated by disc-electrophoresis. The maturation of the Rana esculenta or Bufo viridis oocytes in vitro served as a criterion of gonadotropic activity of fractions. The gonadotropic activity was shown to reside in two glycoprotein fractions with the mobilities 0.26 and 0.34. The immune serum to the former fraction is monospecific under immunodiffusion and suppresses the oocyte maturation in vitro. The immune serum to the latter fraction is characterized by the antigonadotropic activity as well, but expressed to a lesser extent. PMID- 814522 TI - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the uvea in an adult]. AB - Because of a quick growing iris tumor right eye was enucleated in a man 22 years old. It seemed to be malignant according to fluorescein angiography and isotope examinations. On histopathological examination only a juvenile xantogranuloma was found, a benign granulation process of unknown etiology, occurring mainly in young children, where corresponding skin changes could also be found. The 'tumor' is composed mainly by histiocytes sometimes also numerous giant cells and it has numerous fine vessels which can give rise to a spontaneous hyphaema--a clinically important feature. A secondary glaucoma may subsequently occur. An early diagnosis is essential because these granulation tissues are very sensitive to X rays. Unfortunately the correct diagnosis is often made only histologically, whereas the clinical signs imitate a malignant process. One can not rely here on isotope examinations. Flourescein angiography may lead to the correct diagnosis but only in very experienced hands. PMID- 814523 TI - [The role of the Roux stapler in modern surgery]. PMID- 814524 TI - [Case of unusual esophageal diverticulum with recurrent nerve paralysis in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 814525 TI - Duovirus in malnourished children. PMID- 814526 TI - [Austrian complex-study on dipropylacetate. Pediatric experiences]. AB - The clinical trial of Dipropylacetat (Convulex) demonstrates the advantages of a well organized multicenter-study. In rather short time reliable information concerning indication, compatibility and dosage can be received. The results of this project are similar to other observations dealing with DPA: Good therapeutical effect in primary generalized epilepsies independent of the seizure type. Astonishing results influencing Lennox-Syndrome. In cases not treated before, Convulex shows at least the same effect than the "standard anticonvulsants" but less side effects, especially sedation. In those untreated "new-comers" therapeutical effect comes earlier than in cases of premedication. 20 to 50 mg/kg/day can be recommended in childhood. In rare cases the dosage was increased up to 120 mg/kg/day without problems. PMID- 814527 TI - [2 cases of congenital cardiac diverticulum]. PMID- 814529 TI - Letter: Chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity. PMID- 814528 TI - Fucosidosis type 2. AB - Two siblings, 9 and 4 1/2 years old, had alpha-L-fucosidase deficiency, angiokeratoma, progressive psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, coarse facila features, and dysostosis multiplex. It appears that genetic heterogeneity is present in fucosidosis; there are at least two types. In type 1, patients have no vascular lesions, but have rapid psychomotor regression, severe and rapidly progressing neurologic signs, elevated sodium and chloride excretion in the sweat, and fatal outcome before the sixth year. In type 2, patients have angiokeratoma, milder psychomotor retardation and neurologic signs, longer survival, and normal salinity in the sweat. Quantitative studies on erythrocytes and in saliva disclosed severely increased expressions of Lea and Leb. Biopsies of skin and gingiva showed alterations as seen in angiokeratoma. There was also evidence of lysosomal storage in vascular endothelium, eccrine sweat gland epithelium, and fibroblasts of the skin. PMID- 814530 TI - [Modern theories on the functional role of lipids in the nervous system]. PMID- 814531 TI - Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in renal disease. PMID- 814532 TI - [Letter: Waldenstrom's disease accompanied by osteocondensation]. PMID- 814533 TI - [Hematologic intensive care units for cancer patients. Their role in the efficacy of cytostatic chemotherapy]. AB - Intensive care units for hematology or oncology patients consist of rooms free from pathogenic germs and low in microbe content. The units are staffed by doctors and nurses checked to be non carriers of pathogenic germs, and platelet and granulocyte transfusions are available. The first of these rooms, the Unit Fred-Siguier at the Hospital Paul-Brousse (Villejuif), was created for patients receiving bone marrow transplantation. Several units now exist in Europe. Results from two cooperative chemotherapy trials conducted at a European level showed that the number of remissions was double in services equipped with such rooms when compared with other hospital services. The study thus provides further evidence of the great need for such intensive care units. PMID- 814534 TI - [Energy and cicatrization]. PMID- 814535 TI - [Acute leukemia with megakaryoblasts. Incidence following immunosuppressive treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. AB - The authors report the case of a man suffering from rheumatoid arthritis treated for almost 5 years with chlorambucil. Death occurred 9 years after the onset of the disease at the age of 55 years with a picture of acute megacaryoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 814536 TI - [Pheochromocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis. 3 personal observations]. PMID- 814537 TI - Bifunctional chelates for radio-pharmaceutical labeling. AB - The use of the first of a new class of chelating agents for the binding of metal ions to macromolecules as a novel approach to radiopharmaceutical labeling is described. Advantages are mild reaction conditions, large variety of accessible radionuclides and reactive groups, and separation of synthetic organic chemistry from radiochemistry. Human serum albumin and bovine fibrinogen labeled with 111Indium using this technique were relatively stable in vitro and in vivo, showed little alteration in function, and have potential as tumor localizing agents in humans. PMID- 814538 TI - Nursing care study. Lily--a long-stay patient. PMID- 814539 TI - [5-year survival of patients with bladder carcinoma following x-ray therapy]. PMID- 814540 TI - [Mucopolisaccharidoses, Enzyme deficiencies (author's transl)]. PMID- 814541 TI - Progress in clinical immunotherapy for tumors. AB - Immunotherapy of human tumors is a promising new modality that remains highly investigational and poses unforeseen risks. It should preferably be conducted in patients brought into remission by conventional antitumor therapy and against the background of a complex, reliable monitoring system capable of quantitatively measuring the patient's antitumor immune reactions. PMID- 814542 TI - Managing primary breast cancer. AB - Management of breast cancer by surgery combined with irradiation can only affect disease within the treated area. In patients who have distant metastases at the time of therapy, there is no evidence of improved overall survival rates by the use of irradiation, either preoperatively or postoperatively. Survival may be affected by these measures, as well as by extensive surgical procedures, in only a very small subset of the patient population with breast cancer. A study of adjunctive systemic therapy with thiotepa has also failed to show a change in overall survival. Control of local and regional disease is the realistic goal of surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment. This goal can be best achieved by the use of surgical procedures ranging from radical mastectomy to excisional biopsy combined with a tumor dose of 4,500 to 5,000 rads to the areas of potential subclinical disease. Elective chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or both may be beneficial in preventing or retarding the development of distant metastases. However, use of these modalities should be restricted to controlled clinical trials to determine their actual effectiveness. It is not appropriate to institute such treatment as a substitute for established methods of controlling regional disease. PMID- 814543 TI - [Choice of carbohydrates for postoperative infusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 814544 TI - [Health injuries by leaded gasoline (author's transl)]. PMID- 814545 TI - Large scale preparation of wheat germ agglutinin. AB - A highly active form of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was isolated by affinity chromatography on a partially acid hydrolyzed chitin column after extraction of the wheat germ with 0.5 M formic acid and removal of the denatured or water insoluble WGA by dialyzing against distilled water before and after affinity chromatography. The purified preparation was found to be homogeneous by gel filtration, disc electrophoresis, and chemical analysis. It reacted readily with WGA receptors in human serum and urine, giving well-defined bands on agar gel double diffusion and electrophoresis. When chemically coupled to Sepharose the WGA was very reactive with red blood cells, WGA receptors in serum, urine and other biological fluids. The Sepharose-WGA has proven to be stable over a long period of time. PMID- 814546 TI - The chiasmal enigma. PMID- 814547 TI - Sodium valproate in the management of intractable epilepsy: comparison with clonazepam. AB - Sodium valproate 400 mg.-1800 mg. daily has been used for 1-4 months in the management of 35 patients with intractable epilepsy. This preliminary report indicates that the agent is a useful addition to anti-convulsant therapy with beneficial effect to the majority of patients with gran mal, petit mal, nyoclonus and akinetic attacks. Temporal lobe epilepsy and other focal cortical seizures responded less well. There were some minor gastrointestinal and neurological side effects which subsided with time or the reduction of dosage. The transition period while other anticonvulsants were being withdrawn was accompanied by grand mal seizures in 6 patients. It appears that sodium valproate requires 7-10 days to becoms fully active and that other anticonvulsants should be withdrawn only after the patient is established on a maintenance dosage. Comparison with clonazepam suggests that the latter is more effective in the control of petit mal and temporal lobe epilepsy but has more persistent sedative effects. Most patients transferred from other anticonvulsants to sodium valproate felt more alert and able to concentrate better. PMID- 814548 TI - Periparturitional serum concentrations of prolactin, the gonadotropins, and the gonadal hormones in the rhesus monkey. AB - The time courses of serum concentrations of prolactin, estradiol, estrone, progesterone, LH, and FSH were studied in seven pregnant rhesus monkeys from 1 month prior to delivery until 1 month after parturition. All animals nursed their young. Circulating levels of estradiol and estrone increased during the last few days of pregnancy, reaching peak values of 700 pg/ml and 350 pg/ml, respectively, on the day prior to delivery, fell precipitously to about 25 pg/ml within 1 day after parturition, and remained at this level for at least 30 days. Serum prolactin concentrations also increased during the week preceding parturition, rose abruptly at delivery, and then declined gradually. Serum progesterone levels ranged between 2 and 3 ng/ml during the last month of pregnancy, rose slightly a few days prior to parturition, decreased sharply at delivery to 50% of prepartum levels and declined gradually thereafter. Serum LH and FSH levels were not detectable during the entire sampling period. The administration of estradiol benzoate to two pregnant monkeys at midgestation, in a manner which replicated the normal prepartum increase in serum estradiol concentrations, failed to elicit an elevation in circulating prolactin levels or to induce premature delivery of the fetus. PMID- 814549 TI - Indium-111-labeled antibody heavy metal chelate conjugates: a potential alternative to radioiodination. AB - An alternative method to radioiodination is outlined for labeling antibodies with a radioactive marker. The method requires the conjugation of the antibody molecule to chelating agents that contain a free amino group and are capable of binding heavy metal ions. Glutaraldehyde is the coupling agent used to bridge the free amino groups on both the chelate and the antibody molecules. 111In is then added to the antibody-chelate conjugate and is bound instantaneously by the chelating portion. Electrophoretic, autoradiographic, immunodiffusion, and hemagglutination techniques were used to confirm the integrity of the 111In labeled antibodies. PMID- 814550 TI - Role of calcium and beta-adrenergic system in control of parathyroid hormone secretion. AB - In the rat, EDTA and isoproterenol stimulated PTH secretion, whereas high calcium and propranolol inhibited it. The stimulatory effects of EDTA and isoproterenol were still evident and unaltered in the presence of blocks induced by propranolol and high calcium, respectively. The findings suggest that: (i) both calcium and beta-adrenergic stimuli affect PTH secretion; and (ii) the two influences affect the PTH secretion by separate initial pathways. PMID- 814551 TI - Phencyclidine sedation as a technique for handling rhesus monkeys: effects on LH, GH, and prolactin secretion. AB - Rhesus monkeys, sedated with phencyclidine hydrochloride (Sernylan), were quieted for prolonged periods of time, while maintaining somatic reflexes, muscle tone, and respiration. Brief daily periods of sedation did not interfere with the menstrual cycle. Prolonged sedation, however, interfered with the experimentally estrogen-induced LH surge, but not with the inhibitory action of estrogen on LH tonic secretion. Pulsatile release of LH, GH, and prolactin persisted even under prolonged sedation. The secretion of prolactin in response to the administration of TRH was increased in animals sedated with phencyclidine. PMID- 814552 TI - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in animals as a model of human disease. PMID- 814554 TI - The effect of potassium iodide on photophobic responses in Euglena: evidence for two photoreceptor pigments. PMID- 814553 TI - Primary mechanisms of erythrocyte photolysis induced by biological sensitizers and phototoxic drugs. PMID- 814555 TI - Primary reactions in photosynthesis. PMID- 814556 TI - [Retinal venous stasis following disorders of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 814558 TI - [A simple method of measuring surface areas on membranes in histology, demonstrated on calf pituitary glands]. PMID- 814557 TI - Influence of heat exposure on the cerebral metabolism in infant rats. AB - Studies carried out on 96 Wistar newborn rats led to the following conclusions: the chronic exposure to heat (+40 degrees C), 10 min. daily, starting with day 1, induces a significant stimulation of 32P-incorporation into brain phospholipids (in 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old rats), into phosphoproteins (especially 14 days after birth), and into RNA and DNA (during the first 3 weeks after birth). The hypothalamic 32P-uptake is enhanced in 7- and 14-day-old rats. The authors discuss the biological significance of these findings. PMID- 814560 TI - Serotonin through pregnancy. Comparative researches in different species and in mankind. AB - By spectrofluorimetric method there was followed the blood and cerebral serotonin content in different species of mammalians: in 28 women, from the venous whole blood collected by cubital puncture, and in 20 cows, from the jugular whole blood. In 90 female rats the serotonin content from hypothalamus, rhinencephalon, mesencephalon, and sensorimotor cortex was determined. The obtained data show that in the course of labour in both species the blood serotonin concentration is decreased, returning to its initial values after delivery. The serotonin concentration in cows is 10--15 times higher than in women. As concerns the serotonin values in the cerebral nuclei through pregnancy, a progressive and significant increase of its content was noted in the hypothalamus, rhinencephalon, and mesencephalon, but not in the cerebral cortex. It reaches its maximum concentration at the end of pregnancy. It was concluded that during pregnancy a reduction of serotonin release processes is produced, which can signify a lower functional level of the serotoninergic structures implied in the regulation of the reproductive functions. The data are interpreted in the light of the particular endocrine state existing through pregnancy, attributing to serotonin a role in the functioning of PIF-prolactin system. PMID- 814559 TI - [New types of congenital metabolic errors detected in newborn infants]. PMID- 814561 TI - Avoidance behaviour peculiarities induced by chronic treatment with L-DOPA in the neonatal period. AB - The aim of the research was to observe the effects of chronic treatment with L DOPA in the neonatal period on reactivity in avoidance situations, the sympatheticoadrenal system being known to be constantly involved in the response to stress. At 3 weeks from birth the experimental group (52 chronically L-DOPA injected animals) was tested for the unconditioned avoidance behaviour (light avoidance) limits, the capacity for learning and retaining a noxious significance in comparison to two control groups (53 animals injected with distilled water and 53 free of any such stress). The animals injected with L-DOPA since birth were significantly less than controls able to recall the noxioux significance they had trained on a single session and they extinguished eariler than controls did the conditioned passive avoidance response. The results are discussed from the point of view of the neurohormonal influence involved in setting up the specific avoidance phenotype. PMID- 814562 TI - The effect of lysine-vasopressin upon short-term recall of a noxious significance. AB - This study deals with the effect of vasopressin on the ability to learn (short- and long-term memory) a noxious significance. The literature shows that the response to stress is always accompanied by increased vasopressin secretion. The animals used were 27 adult male rats of which 12 injected with lysine-vasopressin and 15 controls. The effect of the drug was studied on unconditioned avoidance behaviour (light-avoidance) and on learning and retention of an environment the noxious significance of which the animals had trained in a single session. Vasopressin proved to alter, as an immediate effect, the avoidance responsiveness in experimental animals. PMID- 814563 TI - Heat adaptation patterns in infant rats during the first postnatal period. AB - In 129 infant rats divided into two groups housed to a constant ambient temperature of 21 degrees C, dynamics of body temperature and hypothermic reaction were studied. Beginning with day 1, the experimental group (66 animals), was exposed 15 min. daily for four weeks to an ambient temperature of +40 degrees C. Rectal temperature, temperature of hair-covered skin areas and tail temperature were monitored in either group. A statistically significant difference, which increased with age, between rectal and skin temperature, was found in experimental 3-week-old rats, while in control animals only in 45-day old ones. Moreover, rectal and skin temperatures in the experimental group were significantly higher than in control group. The body-temperature difference between the two groups disappeared 17 days after cessation of exposure to heat. The hypothermic reaction induced by an weekly 2-min exposure to an ambient temperature of -1 degrees C, was significantly more important and extensive, in the experimental group than in the control one, during the first week of life only. The changes observed suggested a retarded development of the pituitary corticoadrenal axis. PMID- 814565 TI - The effect of ionizing irradiation on the collagen general metabolism in normal and adrenalectomized rats. AB - The effect of doses of 100, 250, 500, and 700 R on the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in normal and adrenalectomized rats was followed over a period of 30 days. Urinary hydroxyproline is decreased by 100 and 250 R doses and increased by those of a 500 and 700 R. The first effect is explained by an increase of the insolubility of collagen as a result of the appearance of additional intermolecular crosslinkages, and the second one by breakage of the mentioned linkages. Adrenalectomized rats, both normal and irradiated, show a more significant decrease in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline. Results are discussed on the basis of related bibliography, outlining the practical utility of the research. PMID- 814564 TI - [Biopsy and scintigraphic comparisons in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 814566 TI - [On corpora amyrlacea in the central nervous system of Macaca fuscata fuscata (author's transl)]. PMID- 814569 TI - Broadcast of microbial aerosols by stacks of sewage treatment plants and effects of ozonation on bacteria in the gaseous effluent. AB - In the aeration basins of sewage treatment plants, compressed air is supplied to diffusers near the bottom of tanks to aid in the conversion by aerobic bacteria of dissolved and suspended solids of sewage into particles that will settle. Air bubbles breaking at the air-water interface will aerosolize bacteria that concentrate in the uppermost microlayer. The microbiological output of a plant in New York City with such a system was monitored. Samples of the gaseous effluent were collected inside the aeration building, inside the building's stack, 300 meters upwind (background sampler), and 300 meters downwind (test sampler), using Andersen samplers. Among the genera identified in the atmosphere in and around the plant were Mycobacterium, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus, all potentially pathogenic. The disinfection power of ozone, which is generally used for odor control, was also tested. Samples were taken from the ozone mixing chamber in the stack of the thickentng tank building. No significant difference in general bacterial counts could be detected at different levels of ozone production. It appears that in the air, ozone is an ineffective bactericidal agent. Results in this preliminary study demonstrate the need to evaluate the hazard of microbial aerosols generated by sewage treatment plants similar to the one studied. The possibility of such hazards is of special interest where facilities are located upwind of populations especially susceptible to infections, because of age of debility. Correlations with epidemiologic data are indicated. PMID- 814570 TI - Contact with health guides and use of health services among Blacks in Buffalo. PMID- 814578 TI - Dog bites among letter carriers in St. Louis. PMID- 814571 TI - Portable X-ray fluorescence instruments for the analysis of lead in paints. AB - In a study in the laboratories of the Chicago Board of Health, the results from determination of lead in paint films by X-ray fluorescence were compared with results from determination by atomic absorption. Portable instruments of three suppliers were used for X-ray fluorescence measurements. An improved version of one of these instruments was also tested. The results of X-ray fluorescence readings on painted card stock panels with one of these instruments compared satisfactorily with the results as determined by the atomic absorption method at levels below 10 mg of lead per square centimeter. Readings on multiple layers of these panels were additive and independent of the order of these panels. All four instruments were tested in the laboratory on painted surfaces from the walls of condemned buildings. The most recent version of each instrument gave a correlation coefficient of 0.96 or better for the linear regression of lead values in milligrams per square centimeter by atomic absorption against instrument readings. It was calculated that a reading of 3.2 or greater on any of the instruments would indicate with greater than 95 percent confidence that 1 mg or more of lead per square centimeter would be found when a sample of the paint was analyzed by atomic absorption. When the readings of one of the instruments showed lead to be absent, that result would inidcate with better than 95 percent confidence that less than 1 mg of lead per square centimeter would be found by the atomic absorption method. Portable X-ray fluorescence instruments can be used in situ to determine whether the walls of a building give readings for lead above the range of 0 to 3.2. Walls with readings above this range can be considered to have 1 mg or more of lead per square centimeter and would not be in conformance with the code of the City of Chicago. Samples would need to be taken for analysis in the laboratory by atomic absorption only from those walls with readings within the range of 0 to 3.2. PMID- 814580 TI - Small-field irradiation of monkey eyes with protons and photons. PMID- 814581 TI - [Examinations of dose distribution for irradiation of malignant tumors with ultrahard bremsstrahlung from a 28 mev belatron by 3 stationary fields (author's transl)]. PMID- 814582 TI - [Roentgenographic findings in mucopolysaccharidosis iv (morquio disease)]. PMID- 814583 TI - Megavoltage therapy in patients with aneurysmal bone cysts. AB - Three adolescent patients with similar destructive lesions involving the pelvis were found to have unresectable aneurysmal bone cysts. All 3 patients appear to have permanent control and good function from 2 to 7 years after megavoltage irradiation with 4,000 rads. No complications or late sequelae have occurred, and follow-up radiographs demonstrate reconstitution and calcification of the affected bone. A slightly lower dose may be just as effective in controlling such lesions. PMID- 814584 TI - Properties of a partially-purified preparation of the prostaglandin-forming oxygenase from sheep vesicular gland. AB - The fatty acid oxygenase of sheep vesicular glands was solubilized with Tween-40 and purified 60-fold using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Deae-cellulose chromatography. Glycerol (50%) stabilized the activity at all stages of purification and allowed long-term storage at -60 degrees. The partially purified enzyme contained less than 0.7 nmoles of iron per mg of protein and less than 0.1 nmole of copper per mg of protein. Although the KI values for aspirin, BL-2338, flurbiprofen and ibuprofen remained relatively unchanged during purification, the apparent KI value for inhibition by indomethacin decreased from 120 to 2.7 muM. PMID- 814585 TI - Prostaglandin E1 specific binding in rhesus myometrium. AB - Myometrial low speed supernatant prepared from non-pregnant rhesus uteri was incubated with 3H-Prostaglandin (PG)E1 with or without addition of unlabelled prostaglandins. The uptake of 3H-PGE1 was inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by PGE2greater thanPGE1greater thanPGA1greater thanpgf2alpha=PGA1greater thanPGB1=PGB2greater than or equal toPGD2. PGE1 metabolites inhibited 3H-PGE1 binding in the following order: 13, 14-dihydro-PGE1greater than13,14-dihydro-15 keto-PGE1=15-keto-PGE1. The specific binding of 3H-PGE1 and 3H-PGF2alpha was similarly affected by the temperature and time of incubation. Equilibrium binding constants determined using rhesus uteri obtained during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle indicate the presence of high affinity PGE1 binding sites with an average (n=3) apparent dissociation constant of 2.2 X 10(-9)M and a lower affinity PGE1 binding site with a Kd approximately equal to 1 X 10(-8)M. No high affinity - low capacity 3H-PGF2alpha sites could be demonstrated. Relative uterine stimulating potencies of some natural prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogs tested after acute intravenous administration in mid-pregnant rhesus monkeys corresponded with the PGE1 binding inhibition of the respective compound. The uterine stimulating potencies of the prostaglandin analogs tested were: (15S) 15-methyl-PGE2=16,16-dimethyl-PGE2greater than17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor PGE2greater than16 phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF2alpha=PGE2=PGE1=(15S)-15 methyl-PGF2alpha greater than PGF2alpha. PMID- 814586 TI - [Metabolic adaptations in infant malnutrition]. PMID- 814587 TI - [Reservoirs and wild vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. LXI. Behavioral aspects of various samples of T. cruzi in culture media]. PMID- 814589 TI - [Hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic diabetic coma]. PMID- 814588 TI - [Studies on pre- and post-natal malnutrition in albino rats. Partial ponderal and biochemic recuperation (author's transl)]. AB - Attempts at restoring the state of malnutrition experimentally induced in rats during pre- and post-natal periods, led to the following remarks: 1) animals fed a normal diet soon improved their weight and levels of this blood proteins; 2) the restoration levels obtained at the end of 120 days of treatment did not reach, however, that obtained by the control animals. PMID- 814590 TI - [Purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Catalytic reaction mechanism. II. Product reaction-inhibition (author's transl)]. AB - According to Cleland's theoretical predictions, inosine phosphorolysis catalyzed by chicken and pigeon's liver PNPase (Purine nucleoside:ortophosphate ribosyltransferase. E.C. 2.4.2.1.) appears to be a rapid equilibrium random bi-bi with "dead end" enzyme-phosphate-hypoxantine complex. This mechanism implies the existence of two essential active centers in the enzymatic molecule to which inosine and phosphate attach themselves independently. The observed lack of analogy in the PNPase mechanism of mechanism of different species seems to suggest the existence of structural differences between them. PMID- 814591 TI - Studies on glycogen metabolism in human leukemic cells. I. Glycogen content, glycogen synthetase forms and their metabolic interconversion. AB - A decrease in glycogen content and glycogen-synthetase activity was observed in leukemic leucocytes compared to those of normal humans, but the decrease was lesser in chronic myeloid leukemic leucocytes than in those of acute leukemic patients. Incubation of crude leucocyte homogenates at 30 degrees C before assay of the enzyme activity, revealed a conversion of the glycogen-synthetase from the D to the I form. It took place if the enzyme source were enzyme extracts from acute myeloblastic, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic, acute menoblastic and undifferenciate leucocytes. The conversion did not occur in crude homogenates from leucocytes of chronic myeloid leukemic patients. ATP-Mg caused a conversion of the glycogen-synthetase I form to the D form in acute myeloblastic, chronic lymphocytic and undifferenciate leukemic leucocytes. This conversion was not observed in chronic myelocytic leukemic leucocytes. PMID- 814592 TI - [Energy/protein index: a new approach for the assessment of nutritional status. I. Values in well nourished preschool children (author's transl)]. PMID- 814593 TI - [Chaga's disease in Yucatan, Mexico. Report of eleven cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 814595 TI - [Role of the thymus in development of immunity in children]. PMID- 814594 TI - [Bilateral tumors of the acoustic nerve and Recklinghausen's disease observed in several generations. Considerations on heriditary acoustic nerve tumors]. AB - Since 1933, four families have been found in Marseilles with bilateral tumours of the acoustic nerve spread over three generations in three families. The fourth only showing a cutaneous neuro-fibromatosis in the second generation. The authors recall briefly the clinical characteristics and compare their cases with similar ones found in the literature. Bilateral and familial neurinomas of the VIIIth cranial verbes were found in 21 families, making a total of 111 cases, unilateral neurinoma being used as a term of comparison. Among the groups of cases published, the family observed by Gardner and Frazier is the most remarkable (43 cases over 6 generations). From the hereditary point of view, the phenomenon of antiposition is not always constant. From the evolutionary point of view, bilateral neurinomas manifest themselves earlier clinically than unilateral ones. As far as associations are concerned, cutaneous manifestations of neuro fibromatosis are the most frequent if the neurinomas are bilateral and non familia. Among tumors of the nervous system, meningiomas and gliomas have been found, other dysembryoplastic or degenerative tumoral associations being rare. The incidence of cutaneous symptoms is very low when the neurioma is unilateral. The association of cutaneous symptoms with bilateral and familial neurinomas does not worsen the prognosis, but the presence of such cutaneous signs is significantly more serious if the neurinoma is isolated. These considerations do no more than touch the fringes of the problems raised by these sporadic or hereditary tumours of the VIII the cranial nerves, developing within the framework of phacomatosis. Great caution is necessary in assessing the correlations observed in view of the narrow range of statistics available. PMID- 814596 TI - [Psychomotor development in the young child and its morpho-functional basis]. PMID- 814597 TI - [Structure and dynamics of the electroencephalographic changes in measles neuraxitis]. PMID- 814599 TI - [Changes in acid-base equilibrium and respiratory gases in asthmatic crisis]. PMID- 814598 TI - [Congenital (Blackfan-Diamond) hypoplastic anemia. Considerations on a case followed-up for 6 years]. PMID- 814600 TI - [General considerations on 200 cases of children and adolescents with thoraco pulmonary surgical operations]. PMID- 814601 TI - [Sudden death caused by cardiac tumor in a 7-month-old infant]. PMID- 814602 TI - [Evaluation of some screening programs in the diagnosis and prevention of hereditary diseases]. PMID- 814603 TI - [Clinical and experimental aspects of antithrombotic treatment in children]. PMID- 814605 TI - Auto-immune disease. AB - Auto-immune disease may result from the interaction of the genetic load of the individual, modification of self-tissue antigens by environmental agents such as virus or drugs and abnormalities of the immunological system itself such as the loss of controlling or suppressor T cells with age. In the majority of people the outcome is tolerance, maintenance of normal tissue architecture and function. In the unfortunate few the outcome is auto-immune disease, that is, failure to recognize "self". PMID- 814604 TI - [Treatment with cyclophosphamide in grave forms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura]. PMID- 814606 TI - [Bacillus cereus as an etiological factor in food poisoning]. PMID- 814607 TI - [Bacterial flora of water in indoor swimming pools]. PMID- 814608 TI - [Percutaneous radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the thyroid (author's transl)]. AB - Survey of the therapeutic problems of malignant tumors of the thyroid with emphasis on technical considerations in percutaneous megavolt therapy. This plays an important part for all forms of mature or immature-cell tumors. Combined with thyroidectomy and 131 iodine therapy it contributed decisively to the excellent results which can be achieved with mature-cell carcinomata. PMID- 814609 TI - [Neuromuscular junction. History and present-day knowledge]. PMID- 814611 TI - [Evolution cycle of Hepatozoon triatomae (Sporozoa, haemogregarinidae) parasite of Triatominea]. PMID- 814610 TI - [Importance of synantropic animals in the control of endemic Chagas' disease]. PMID- 814613 TI - [Enterokinase activity in different mammals (author's transl)]. PMID- 814612 TI - [Isoenzyme pattern and enzymatic activity of lactate and alcohol dehydrogenases of lethal mutants 1(3)tr and of the wild type of Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 814614 TI - Blocking effect of J chain and J-chain antibody on the binding of secretory component to human IgA and IgM. AB - Isolated released J chain showed only a small affinity for free secretory component (SC), as indicated by a marginal but reproducible blocking effect on the binding of SC to Ig polymers. The SC-binding site was completely blocked by J chain antibody in those Ig polymers where the bound J chains were accessible to the antibody. Along with the established masking effect of SC on the antigenicity of J chains present in secretory IgA, these results are compatible with the idea that the conformation of Ig-associated J chains contributes to the SC-binding site of Ig polymers. PMID- 814615 TI - Antimicrobial activity of human seminal fluid. AB - The antibacterial, antifungal and antimycoplasmal activity of human semen was studied. Gram-positive aerobic bacterial species i.e. staphylococci, but not gram negative aerobic bacteria, were inhibited by seminal fluid in vitro. Neither were anaerobic gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, nor Candida or Mycoplasma inhibited. Semen of healthy males had a higher antibacterial effect on S. albus than that of patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis. There was a positive correlation between the antibacterial power of the semen of the patients studied and their content of zinc and magnesium, while no correlation was found with fructose and lysozyme or the number of spermatozoa in any of the groups. A positive correlation was found between the antibacterial capacity and the volume of the ejaculate in the patients but not among the controls. The antibacterial substance(s) was dialysable, ether-extractable, resistant to boiling and partly to storage at room temperature. The addition of EDTA, tranexamic acid and ammonium reineckate to semen did not influence the antibacterial effect, which was, however, slightly inhibited by sodium polyanethol sulphonate. The nature of possible antibacterial substances in semen is discussed. PMID- 814616 TI - [T-and B-lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative syndromes]. AB - Using the various markers of human lymphocytes, it is possible to define, at least roughly, some malignancies of the lymphoid system in terms of their components in T and B cell subpopulations. Furthermore, the study of surface immune globulins using labelled antisera specific for heavy and light chain classes, has made it possible to define the concept of monoclonal proliferation of B cells. Following a short description of the various interrelationships between B and T lymphocytes, the main lymphoproliferative diseases are briefly described in terms of B or T nature of tumoral cell lines and their bearing on the overall function of the immune apparatus. PMID- 814618 TI - [Diagnostic value of immunological lymphocyte differentiation]. AB - The morphologically homogenous population of circulating lymphocytes can be further differentiated by immunological methods. A proportion of the cells bear immunoglobulins on their surface, as evidenced by immunofluorescence; these are either cells of the B-lymphocyte line at a stage of producing surface immunoglobulins (antigen receptors) or lymphocytes which acquire immunoglobulins from outside by various mechanisms. Other circulating lymphocytes, attributed at least partly to T-cells, form rosettes with desensitised sheep erythrocytes. Determination of the percentage of surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes or rosette forming cells has been used by many investigators to further characterize (subdivide) various diseases. Conflicting results were obtained, mainly due to wide variations in the technique used. Most patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia show a strongly elevated proportion of surface immunoglobulin cells. Also, in non-Hodgkin lymphomas the percentage of such cells is elevated even the absolute number of peripheral lymphocytes and their morphology is normal. Patients with Waldenstrom's disease often displays an elevated proportion of IgM carrying cells. Many other diseases are associated with unbalanced ratios between immunoglobulin positive and rosette forming lymphocytes. Some of the relevant results of the literature are discussed with reference to their diagnostic value. PMID- 814619 TI - Representation of the visual field on the medial wall of occipital-parietal cortex in the owl monkey. AB - The medial visual area is located on the medical wall of occipital-parietal cortex. A much larger proportion of this area is devoted to the representation of the more peripheral parts of the visual field than in any other cortical area or subcortical visual structure than has been mapped previously in any species of primate. PMID- 814617 TI - [Parathyroid response to EDTA: effect of the immune heterogeneity of the parathyroid hormone]. AB - The parathyroid response to EDTA infusion was measured in 23 patients with hypo- or hyperparathyroidism using two different antisera, one predominantly anti COOH terminal (GP 62) and the other predominantly anti NH2-terminal (WC), and was compared with the responses observed in 16 controls for GP 62 and 18 controls for WC. In primary hyperparathyroidism elevated basal PTH values were found more frequently with GP 62 (6 of 10 cases) than with WC (3 of 9 cases). However, WC more frequently exhibited exaggerated responses to EDTA (8 of 9 cases) than GP 62 (7 of 10 cases). In hypoparathyroidism the basal values were not distinguishable from the normals. However, the EDTA test showed absent or low responses in 10 of 11 cases studied with GP 62. Antiserum WC showed normal responses in 4 cases with postoperative hypoparathyroidism, revealing some residual PTH secretion but not response in the 2 cases with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Since one of them had a normal response when measured with GP 62, secretion of an immunologically abnormal PTH may be suspected. In chronic renal failure normal responses can be observed despite an abnormal basal PTH level, since it is falsely elevated by the accumulation of COOH-terminal fragments. PMID- 814620 TI - Measurement of an inhibitory zone. AB - An inhibitory zone mechanism generates the heterocyst pattern in Anabaena. These inhibitory zones can be measured; we find that they extend about five cells on either side of a heterocyst. We can use our observations to predict with reasonable accuracy which cells in the filaments will differentiate into heterocysts. PMID- 814621 TI - The radiographic spectrum in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 814622 TI - Sturge-Weber syndrome. PMID- 814624 TI - Intraluminal diverticulum of duodenum with associated diverticulitis and gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A case of intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum presenting with GI bleeding and associated focal diverticulitis has been added to the 39 other cases of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum previously described in the literature. The patient was treated surgically without difficulty after he was stabilized and evaluated by endoscopy and hypotonic duodenography. PMID- 814623 TI - Ketoacidosis. AB - The pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis has been discussed. Insulin deficiency leads to increased rates of hepatic ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis with resultant hyperglycemia and ketonemia. Treatment consists of insulin and fluid replacement. Insulin therapy is titrated against the change in blood glucose concentration. Isotonic saline is the initial replacement fluid, and potassium is administered as required. Bicarbonate is employed in extreme acidosis, but its administration may contribute to the development of hypokalemia, CSF acidosis, and tissue hypoxia. It is hoped that a better understanding of the biochemical basis of ketoacidosis will permit the physician to develop a rational therapeutic regimen which will decrease the mortality associated with this condition. PMID- 814625 TI - Protein calorie malnutrition and nutritional anaemia in Black pre-school children in a South African semirural community. AB - The incidence of nutritional anaemia and of protein calorie malnutrition in 119 randomly selected Black children living in the Muldersdrift area was studied. The ecology of nutritional problems in the community was also investigated. Major problems in the area were poor educational and medical facilities, a high childhood mortality rate and poor cash incomes. An important factor which influenced nutrition was large family size. The incidence of protein calorie malnutrition was 27,6% and of nutritional anaemia 13,3%. In the second year of life the incidence of anaemia was 27,3%. The main cause of anaemia was iron deficiency. PMID- 814626 TI - Choriocarcinoma presenting as Jacksonian epilepsy. AB - Cerebral deposits of choriocarcinoma tend to be multiple and usually result in a rapidly fatal course. Two patients presented with Jacksonian epilepsy due to metastatic choriocarcinoma in the brain. In the first patient, the diagnosis of metastatic choriocarcinoma was unsuspected, since curetted uterine material was normal, the haemagglutination inhibition test for pregnancy was negative and a chest radiograph was unremarkable. A diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was made by brain biopsy 2 days before death. The second patient had been previously treated with systemic chemotherapy (methotrexate and actinomycin D) for uterine and pulmonary choriocarcinoma associated with hyperthyroidism. Human chorionic gonadotrophin could not be detected in the urine when the patient presented with Jacksonian epilepsy. A brain scan showed multiple areas of increased uptake consistent with metastatic choriocarcinoma. She was treated with both systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate and cranial irradiation. A complete remission was obtained. Intrathecal methotrexate and cranial irradiation appear to offer a hopeful new approach to the problem of metastatic cerebral choriocarcinoma. PMID- 814627 TI - [Intracellular dight chains in peripheral lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia and lambda Bence-Jones proteinuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 814628 TI - [Quantitative electroimmunodiffusion assessment of factor viii-associated antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 814629 TI - Pitfalls in the performance and interpretation of esophageal function test. PMID- 814631 TI - Value of prospective Candida precipitins in fungemia in patients with hyperalimentation. PMID- 814632 TI - Hyperalimentation and immune competence in cancer. PMID- 814630 TI - Comparison of carbohydrate and fat as caloric sources. PMID- 814633 TI - Effect of pancreatic islet transplantation on insulin and glucagon levels in diabetic rats. PMID- 814634 TI - Further studies on the significance of microaggregates in stored blood. PMID- 814635 TI - Characteristics of intestinal absorption following prolonged total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 814636 TI - Susceptibility of autogenous venous grafts to dietart-induced atherosclerosis. PMID- 814637 TI - Modified and unmodified umbilical vein allografts and xenografts as arterial substitutes: morphologic assessment. PMID- 814638 TI - Control of humoral rejection of renal allografts in presensitized monkeys by monospecific F(ab')2 fragments. PMID- 814639 TI - Hepatocellular transplantation in UDP-glucuronyl-transferase-deficient rats. PMID- 814640 TI - Effects of secretin and cholecystokinin on relative composition of hepatic bile in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 814641 TI - Effects of parenteral hyperalimentation on pancreatic and biliary secretion. PMID- 814642 TI - Transplantation of porcine islets of Langerhans. PMID- 814643 TI - Vulnerability of pancreatic islets to immune cells and serum. PMID- 814645 TI - A porous titanium endoprosthesis for replacement of lost segments of long bones. PMID- 814644 TI - Experimental therapy after middle cerebral artery occlusion in monkeys. PMID- 814646 TI - Laser trabeculotomy with the new laser (YAG). PMID- 814647 TI - Direct fascicular repair and interfascicular nerve grafting of median and ulnar nerves in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 814648 TI - Effect of urinary tract infection on maturation of the ureterovesical junction. PMID- 814649 TI - Role of chronically decreased oxygen-hemoglobin affinity in the control of red cell production. PMID- 814650 TI - Activation of factor IX by thrombin preparations in the absence of factor XI. PMID- 814651 TI - Immunological comparison of native streptokinase with streptokinase fragments. PMID- 814652 TI - [Letter: Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with continuous intravenous insulin infusion]. PMID- 814653 TI - [Chances of reducing the formation of immune antibodies after massive transfusions in open heart surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Children, young people and women at the age of possible maternity form the majority of patients operated by extracorporal circulation. A longterm planning of these operations should also have donor in call, who are compatible with the patients' Rh groups and Kell antigens. Having practiced such a selection of donors we succeeded in reducing the formation of immune antibodies. 6 out of 330 patients had antibodies, but 4 had been sensibilized before operation. In the case of the other 2 it would not be excluded that they might have been immunized a long time ago. We emphasize the importance of hemodilution, strict indication of every postoperative therapy with red cells and the autologous transfusion. PMID- 814654 TI - [Bacterial aortic aneurysm due to pseudomonas aeruginosa after pneumonectomy (author's transl)]. AB - After transpericardial extrapleural pneumonectomy because of bronchial carcinoma in a 56-year old woman an infection of the thoracic cavity develops, caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient dies from this infection. At autopsy an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta is discovered close to the previous site of operation. In the wall of the aneurysm pseudomonas aeruginosa is found. Pathogenetic problems concerning the development of bacterial aortic aneurysms are discussed, and in the case presented an infection of the aortic wall from outside via the lymphatics of the adventitia and vasa vasorum is regarded as the most probably way of infection. PMID- 814655 TI - [Results of ortho- and megavolt therapy of inoperable bronchial carcinoma]. AB - Survival rates of patients with inoperable, histologically verified bronchial carcinoma are compared as to orthovoltage or megavoltage radiation therapy. With megavoltage therapy, better survival rates are obtained after one or two years; later on, an approximation of the comparison groups is to be observed with regard to life expectancy. The improvement in one-year and two-year survival rates does justify the application of megavoltage therapy. PMID- 814656 TI - [The photon-stationary-field therapy with the 42 MeV betatron using wedge filters]. AB - The dose distribution in photon beams from a 42 MeV betatron using wedge filters of lead with different angles of slope is described. The wedge coefficient to be considered at a field size of 10 X 10 cm is given. The scope for isodoses modified by wedge filters is discussed with regard to stationary-field photon therapy. PMID- 814657 TI - [Methodologic studies on the optimization of the 60Co-teletherapy in combination with high dosage brachytherapy of cervix carcinoma]. AB - After dosimetric recording of the radium implants being in use at the radiological department of the gynecological clinics at Vienna, an attempt is made for the adaptation of cobalt-60 teletherapy to brachytherapy generally applied here and utilizing relatively high dosage. A biaxial, bisegmental small angle rotation about two cranially convergent axes, combined with the radium doses, yields a relatively well equilibrated load on the parametrial tissue and on the essential areas of the lymph flow. The dose distribution is shown by transversal as well as by frontal sectional planes. If deviations of the position of the radium implants, always possible in an individual case, are verified by localization imaging, asymmetrical dose distributions can be calculated by a computer and compensated by means of different loads to the axes of rotation. PMID- 814658 TI - A comparison of Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus in the xenodiagnosis of a chronic Trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) cruzi infection in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mullatta). AB - Fifth instar Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus were fed on a rhesus monkey (Macaca mullatta) with a chronic infection of Peru strain Trypanosoma cruzi and examined 30 days later for the presence of trypanosomes in the rectum. No correlation could be demonstrated between either blood meal size or sex and the subsequent development of a rectal infection with T. cruzi. As T. infestans and P. megistus were more highly infected than R. prolixus in terms of both percentage infected and degree of infection, the two former species can be regarded as more suitable for the xenodiagnosis of this particular strain of T. cruzi in M. Mullatta. PMID- 814660 TI - Proceedings: Electrophoretic variation of enzymes in chicken coccidia. PMID- 814661 TI - Letter: Proposal for establishment of a central facility to produce antigen for serologic tests for malarial antibody. PMID- 814659 TI - Proceedings: Preliminary observations on countercurrent immuno-electrophoresis of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania. PMID- 814662 TI - The nutritional status of children ages 0-5 years in Nkhotakota, Malawi. AB - A nutritional status survey of children aged 0-5 years was carried out in a lake shore district in Malawi. Anthropometric and clinical studies indicated a high overall prevalence (14%) of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (PCM), particularly among the 1- to 1 1/2-year-olds. Few signs of vitamin deficiencies were seen but iron deficient anaemia was common at all ages, 68% being below the acceptable haemoglobin level. Sixty percent of children had malaria parasitaemia and 25% conjunctivitis. Under-five mortality was estimated to lie between 31 and 44%. Muslim children had a higher mortality and prevalence of PCM and fewer of their fathers had been to school. It is suspected that many cases of undernutrition go unrecognized because of uniform stunting occurs and ages are not known. It is recommended therefore that medical units use a local calendar, similar to that evolved for the survey, in order to estimate ages more accurately. PMID- 814663 TI - Reappraisal of the activity of morphazinamide against M. tuberculosis. AB - Morphazinamide was shown to have an in vitro activity similar to an equimolar concentration of pyrazinamide. This activity was not due, as had been previously assumed, to pyrazinamide formed by hydrolysis from morphazinamide, since it was demonstrated in slide cultures containing tubercle bacilli which were incubated with freshly prepared dilutions of morphazinamide in acid medium for several successive periods of only 1 hour, during which time little hydrolysis occurred. A new method was used for measuring morphazinamide and pyrazinamide separately in plasma. In man, the estimated in vitro antibacterial activity was similar after approximately equimolar oral doses of morphazinamide or pyrazinamide. However, it is uncertain whether the in vivo activity of morphazinamide is the same as its in vitro activity. PMID- 814664 TI - Notes on the organization of tuberculosis bacteriology and its quality control. AB - The time-scale of tuberculosis allows the centralization of identification and sensitivity tests on positive cultures with the advantages of better efficiency, economy and safety. The system operated in England and Wales is described with its methods of quality control. The incidence of false resistance in new cases is less than 0-1 per cent and that of missed resistance little more. Arguments are advanced against the use of blind chemotherapy on new patients in Britain. PMID- 814665 TI - The genetics of mycobacteria and mycobacteriophages - a review. AB - The genus Mycobacterium, despite its medical importance, has so far received relatively little attention from bacterial geneticists. Nevertheless examples of the transfer of genes from one strain to another by means of transformation, phage-mediated transduction and direct cellular contact have been reported. The modification of strains by experimental or naturally occurring lysogeny has been studied in some detail and there is evidence that phage may contribute significantly to variation within species. Mycobacteriophages have been the subject of genetic analyses and have proved of value in the study of certain aspects of host-induced phage modification. In addition phages are being used to develop typing systems for use in epidemiological studies. It is evident that much of interest and value awaits discovery by means of genetic analysis of the mycobacteria and their phages and hopefully the next decade or so will bring great advances in this subject. PMID- 814667 TI - [Radiation induced malignant hypertension treated by unilateral nephrectomy]. PMID- 814666 TI - [Gelatin from bone collagen hydrolyzed with Streptomyces griseus protease and its properties]. AB - Gelatin melting from bone collagen previously hydrolyzed with the Str. griseus protease was studied as dependent on the medium temperature. The properties of this gelatin were compared with those of others melted from collagen previously extracted with alkali. Gelatin obtained by using the Str. griseus protease has the average molecular weight of 63 400 characteristic viscosity of 0.22, it contains 10.6% of oxyproline and 0.06% of free carbohydrates. By a degree of heterogeneity the preparation obtained does not differ from those used for the comparison. PMID- 814669 TI - [Sensitivity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus strains to antibiotics in Slovakia during 1974]. AB - In 1974, the State Veterinary institutes in the Slovak Socialist Republic studied the sensitivity of 4420 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and 1056 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to eight antibiotics. The strains were isolated from milk samples obtained from dairy cows suffering from mastitis. 100 per cent of the strains of Streptococcus agalactiae was sensitive to ampicillin, 99.23% to erythromycin, 98.70% to oxytetracycline, 93.02% to bacitracin, 90.77% to chloramphenicol, 41.97% to penicillin, 12.39% to neomycin, 9.73% to streptomycin. As to the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 98.68 were sensitive to chloramphenicol, 98.50% to ampicillin, 97.92% to erythromycin, 94.98% to oxytetracycline, 93.85% to neomycin, 92.67% to bacitracin, 87.50% to streptomycin, and 46.24% to penicillin. The results are discussed in relation to the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. PMID- 814668 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescence technic for the routine diagnosis of group B Streptococci]. AB - The authors tested the use of the immunofluorescence technique for the routine examination of milk samples for the contamination with group B streptococci (Str. agalactiae). The conjugates were prepared from rabbit sera; the rabbits were immunized by a polyvalent vaccine containing the antigens of all six types of Str. agalactiae. The non-specific reactions of conjugates with some streptococcus strains of group C were reduced by a single-stage inhibition with a titrated solution of the serum of non-immunized healthy rabbits, used as a diluent of lyophilized conjugates. If the producer enterprise maintains the quality of conjugates, the results of the immunofluorescence examination of milk samples for Str. agalactiae contamination are comparable with the results of the cultivation procedure. The method can be recommended mainly for the final examinations of sanitated herds where it may reveal positive cows which were not detected by the cultivation method. Besides the described indications, immunofluorescence can be used as an equal-value method to replace the cultivation procedure in the cases of emergency situations. PMID- 814670 TI - [Effect of various factors on the electric conductivity of mixed milk]. AB - The authors evaluated the method of the determination of the electric conductivity of purchased milk for the estimation of the hygienic aspects of milk quality and for mass diagnosis of the inflammatory diseases of dairy cow mammary glands. The variability coefficient of duplicates varied from 1.37 to 3.09%. The study of the dependence of milk conductivity measurement on milk temperature revealed a statistically highly significant positive correlation between the values of these two factors. In the temperature range from 30 degrees C to 35 degrees C the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.951 to 0.996. Furthermore, interference caused by milk acidity was examined during a five-day incubation of samples at 25 degrees C. A statistically significant difference was observed from the third hour of incubation (P less than 0.05) and a statistically highly significant difference from the fourth hour of incubation (P less than 0.01). The evaluation of the diagnostic value of the method of the measurement of electric conductivity in purchased milk revealed a positive correlation to the content of chloride ions (r = 0.69) and to the number of the cellular elements of milk (r = 0.33). PMID- 814671 TI - [Etiology of mastitis in dairy cows in Slovakia during 1972-1974]. AB - In the period from 1972 to 1974, veterinary institutes in Slovakia performed bacteriological examinations in 178,853 milk samples coming from 72,454 dairy cows. On an annual average, the number of examined samples was higher by 61% than in 1967-1971. Germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 22.32% of the dairy cows. The following bacterial germs were represented: Streptococcus agalactiae - 15.77%, Staphylococcus aureus - 4.19%, other streptococci - 1.49%, E. coli - 0.18%, Klebsiella sp. - 0.23%, Corynebacterium pyogenes - 0.20%, other germs - 0.26%. The number of dairy cows having bacterial germs in their milk was found higher by 1.47% than in 1967-1971. The number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher by 3.29% and that of Straphylococcus aureus by 1.15% than in the period from 1967 to 1971. The higher number of the findings of the bacterial causative agents responsible for mastitis was due, in particular, to the increased number of the findings of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. PMID- 814672 TI - [Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the milk serum of dairy cows in relation to the possitive response to the mastitis NK-test]. AB - The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK. The bacteriological examination for Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and for coliform germs was performed at the same time. Increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK was found to be accompanied by an almost proportionate increase of the total lactate dehydrogenase activity level in milk serum. The bacteriological finding was not correlated with increasing positiveness of the response to Mastitis test-NK. New aspects of various diseases of the mammary gland and the possibility to diagnose mainly the latent stages of these diseases are analysed in a discussion. PMID- 814673 TI - [Activity of various serum enzymes in calves suffering from nutritionally-induced muscular dystrophy]. AB - The paper described the findings of the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanine amino transferase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and aldolase in the blood serum of calves examined for white muscle disease (WMD). Relapsing mass accurrence of the disease was reported from various agricultural enterprises where calves were fed a milk replacer without vitamin E. In comparison with clinically healthy calves fed a feed mixture with vitamin E, calves suffering from the clinical form of WMD showed an alkaline phosphatase level decrease from 32.3 +/- 7.6 u. K. A. to 15.1 +/- 8.2 U. K. A. On the other hand, the activities of ALD, GOT, GPT, and LDH showed a statistically significant increase. The acute and subacute course of the disease increased enzyme activities as follows: ALD from 4.2 +/- 1.1 mumol (= 70.0 +/- 17.0 i. u.) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mumol (= 163.0 +/- 33.2 i. u.), GOT from 0.9 +/- 0.5 mumol (= 68.0 +/- 5.8 i. u.) to 16.7 +/- 11.7 mumol (= 567.0 +/- 40.0 i. u.), GPT from 0.2 +/- 0.8 mumol (= 5.0 +/- 12.4 i. u.) to 9.8 +/- 2.8 mumol (= 330.0 +/- 40.4 i. u.), LDH from 46.1 +/- 5.4 mumol (= 765.0 +/- 40.0 i. u.) to 72.7 +/- 24.3 mumol (= 1,207.0 +/- 403.0 i. u.). In WMD-affected herds, similar enzyme activity fluctuations were observed even in calves showing no clinical signs of the disease. It follows from the study that the examination of serum enzymes provides a method to demonstrate the clinical and pre-clinical forms of white-muscle disease and that it can be included in the set of tests for the diagnosis of diseases in calves. The significant differences in all calves in the affected herds show that the disease is a danger to all animals in the herd fed a deficient mixture. PMID- 814674 TI - [Electrophoretic properties of arylamidases from various cattle organs]. AB - Agar electrophoresis was employed to study the homogeneity of arylamidase enzymes in the soluble fractions of liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, pancreas, and muscle homogenates and in serum. Enzymatic activity was determined in relation to the L-leucyl- and L-lysyl-p-nitroanilide chromogenic substrates. In all cases, electrophoresis made it possible to find at least two active zones with different electrophoretic mobility and with different activity in relation to the two substrates used. PMID- 814676 TI - [Reproductive capacity and milk production in cows of various cattle breeds as related to age at the ist calving]. AB - The course of parturition, the ability to get in-calf, and milk production were studied in 348 first-calved cows, in 162 cows of the Bohemian Spotted breed, 88 cows of the Black-Pied Lowland breed, and 98 crossbreds of these two breeds divided into three categories according to the age at the first calving (from 21 to 23 months, 24 months, and from 25 to 29 months). There were only slight differences in the average calf birth weight between the cows of all the breeds calving for the first time before the age of 24 months and cows calving later (lower by 0.70 kg, 1.15 kg, 0.80 kg, respectively). The frequency of irregular parturitions and the course of early puerperium did not differ considerably in individual categories under study, either. The average time elapsing from parturition to the first insemination was 58, 63, and 53 days, respectively, in the cows of the youngest category, and 56, 57, and 51 days, respectively, in the oldest category. Similarly, insignificant differences were found in the length of the service period (SP = 94, 95, and 85 days compared to 88, 94, and 80 days) and in the value of the insemination index (2.17, 1.91, and 2.02 compared to 1.92, 2.00, and 1.92). Milk production in early-calving cows in the first lactation was significantly lower than in later-calving cows (3155, 3704 and 3267 kg of milk compared to 3788, 3961, and 3515 kg of milk). If the required live weight at calving is reached, no greater complications of parturition and puerperium occur in the cows calving for the first time at an early age. The indices of further fertility and milk production are also favourable. This justifies the view that the reduction of the pre-production period in heifers and the earliness of the first calving can be considered as a generally recommendable method of the intensification of the reproduction process and as a contribution to the improvement of the profitability of cattle breeding. PMID- 814675 TI - [Conception ability of early mated heifers of Bohemiam spotted and black-pied lowland cattle and their crossbreeds]. AB - The conception rate of heifers was studied in dependence on their age and body weight at the first mating. The trial included 163 heifers of the Bohemian Spotted breed, 72 heifers of the Black-Pied Lowland breed, and 101 crossbreds between these two breeds. The heifers of the Bohemian Spotted breed mated for the first time at the age of 12 months had a lower weight than required by the standard (336 kg -- standard requires 360 kg) and a lower weight than the heifers of the other breeds under study. In the heifers of the youngest age categories (111/2-15 months) the conception rate after the first insemination ranged from 56.5 to 58.8% in the Bohemian Spotted heifers, from 57.5 to 77.7% in the Black Pied Lowland cattle, and from 52.17 to 66.0% in the crossbreds. There were no greater differences from the heifers of higher age categories (15-18 and more months). These tendencies are proved also by other indices such as the average time from the first insemination to getting in-calf and, in particular, the insemination index. Somewhat better indices of the conception rate of early-mated heifers were found in the Black-Pied Lowland breed. The conception rate of early mated heifers was only slightly influenced by the season. In the summer months (June to August) the pregnancy percentage was lower but the remaining indices showed no greater differences. On an average, the length of gravidity was longer by five days in the heifers of the Bohemian Spotted breed as compared with the heifers of the Black-Pied Lowland cattle, and longer by two days as compared with the crossbred heifers. PMID- 814677 TI - [Effect of the standard of hygiene in the care for breeding boars and of the technic of semen collection on the number of pathogens in the boar ejaculate]. AB - The microbiological examination of 48 ejaculates obtained by an artificial vagina revealed an average number of 178 000 germs per 1 ml of semen (1900 - 758 000). When the technique was changed, the manual method being employed, 23 ejaculates were obtained from the same boars and the microbiological examination revealed 44 200 germs per 1 ml of semen, on an average. In the second part of the trial 85 ejaculates obtained by an artificial vagina from 17 breeding boars were subject to microbiological examination. The average number of germs found in this case was 99 377 (10 000 - 400 000). When boar body was washed with water or with water and soap and rubbed with a sterile cloth, prior to each collection, the number of germs per 1 ml of semen decreased to 6071 (0 - 40 000). The reduction of the number of germs in the ejaculate of washed boars is statistically highly significant, as compared with semen collection from boars without washing. The number of fungus-bearing ejaculates decreased from the original 39.9% to 9.3%. PMID- 814679 TI - [Economic problems in the control of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine]. AB - The losses ascribable to transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs were financially determined at eight sites with 133-1269 large animal units, as converted to pig stocks. The overall losses were divided as follows: mortality and confiscation - 42.38%, weight gain reduction - 30.50%, extra costs of the enterprise - 13.11%, emergency slaughters 7.79%, and losses in progenies 6.22%. The coefficient of loss per one diseased animal was 42.63 to 114.65 crowns. Furthermore, the level of the assumed losses due to mortality and morbidity prevented by veterinary measures was also calculated. The calculation of the effectiveness of these measures showed that 3.14--60.01 crowns are saved per 1 crown spent. The total number of losses, loss coefficient per one diseased animal, the level of prevented loss, and the money saved per 1 crown were calculated from the over-all societal viewpoint and from the viewpoint of the agricultural enterprise after the detraction of the indemnities from the State Insurance Company. PMID- 814678 TI - [Effect of the ruminal amino nitrogen level on the nitrogen passage into the isolated rumen of sheep]. AB - Eight trials were performed with two sheep to study the passage of ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and amino nitrogen into an isolated rumen at different amino nitrogen levels in rumen after a single intraruminal application of enzymatic casein hydrolyzate. After casein hydrolyzate application the level of amino nitrogen in rumen increased; consequently, the passage of ammonia to the isolated rumen rapidly decreased. The passage of nitrogen as urea and amino nitrogen to the isolated rumen is the same, both at a higher and a lower level of amino nitrogen in the rumen. The total quantity of urea and ammonia nitrogen (N NH3 + N-urea) and amino nitrogen (N-NH3 + N-urea + amino-N) present in the isolated rumen shows a highly significant correlation with ammonia passage. This quantity reaches its maximum before the application of casein hydrolyzate to the rumen. An intensive drop occurs within one and two hours after application. The results of our study testify to the fact that the chemical composition of rumen content plays an important role in the ruminohepatic circulation of nitrogen, particularly when endogenic nitrogen passes into the rumen through rumen wall, and that the passage of nitrogen compounds from blood to the rumen is influenced not only by the concentration ratio between blood and rumen content but also by neurohumoral effects. PMID- 814680 TI - [Equine influenza in Czechoslovakia during the 1973 epizootic]. AB - During the epizootic spreading in Europe, equine influenza was brought in also into Czechoslovakia. The disease gradually spread from Slovakia (where horses were isolated after a trip abroad) to race horses throughout the country. The serological examination by the IH test showed that, again, the A equi 1/Praha 56 virus was the causative agent of the infection. The application of the Grippeguin vaccine from France was effective. No clinical manifestations of the disease were observed in two mares from one farm that had not been vaccinated although they had been in the focus of infection. However, these mares were housed together with one-year-old foals vaccinated against equine influenza before transport to the training stable in autumn 1972. In addition, the disease was not brought upon their two foals in the focus of infection (the age of these foals was three and five months). PMID- 814681 TI - [Weight gains of rats following injection of aurothioglucose]. AB - Aurothioglucose doses of 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, and 1 mg g-1 of live weight were applied to adult female rats of the Wistar strain. No greater weight gain increase was obtained after the injection of ATG in the doses of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8 mg g-1 l. w. The dose of 1 mg ATG per 1 g l. w. practically represented the LD100 irrespective of application to starving or normally fed rats. PMID- 814682 TI - Letter: Measles in monkeys. PMID- 814683 TI - Exposure to Br abortus in veterinary undergraduates and graduates. AB - Serial Brucella agglutination tests were carried out on veterinary students at Bristol University between 1962 and 1968. A steady rise in the number of those with a significant positive titre was demonstrated in undergraduates and this was related to an increased exposure to farm livestock as their course progressed. A much larger proportion of individuals showed a significant titre in the period following graduation. While only 8-9 per cent of students in the first year of their course showed a significant titre, 49-5 per cent gave a serological response at 1/80 dilution or greater, within five years ofgraduation and of those in predominantly large animal practice almost 60 per cent showed this response. Only 7 per cent of those with a significant rise in titre reported symptoms suggestive of clinical disease. PMID- 814684 TI - [Properties of the Brucella isolated from the aborted fetuses of cows inoculated with strain 82 vaccine]. PMID- 814685 TI - [Zoopathogenic arboviruses, their systematics and ecology]. PMID- 814686 TI - [Study of the immunogenic properties of chicken coccidia]. PMID- 814688 TI - [Determination of the biological value of milk by a microbiological method]. PMID- 814687 TI - [Isolation and study of aflatoxinogenic fungi from grain]. PMID- 814689 TI - [Testing of drugs in monkey helminthieses]. PMID- 814690 TI - [Eliminating the tuberculosis bacillus from camel's milk and hair]. PMID- 814691 TI - [Cultivation of Theileria annulata in tissue culture]. PMID- 814692 TI - [Determination of sevin and the products of its metabolism in the urine]. PMID- 814693 TI - [Influence of Sarcocystis invasion on the quality of pork]. PMID- 814694 TI - [Use of dry acidophilus cultures in poultry raising]. PMID- 814696 TI - [Methods of detecting Theileria mutans]. PMID- 814695 TI - [Hydrogen peroxide disinfection of shops producing brucellosis preparations]. PMID- 814697 TI - [Prevention of nosematosis in bees]. PMID- 814698 TI - [Study of the antigenic makeup of strains of Borrelia anserina, Sakharoff, 1891, of the Surnevo and Pamoukchii serotypes]. AB - An antigen analysis of Borrelia anserina strains, belonging to two serotypes, was carried out for the first time by means of direct immunofluorescence microscopy, gel diffusion after Ouchterlony, immunoelectrophoresis as modified by Scheidegger, and whole serum macroagglutination reaction. It was found that the spirochetes of the strain Rouen of Pamoukchii serotype possess eight surface antigens, and those of strain Surnevo I of the same serotype have 6. The two strains were found to have as many as four common surface antigens, on the one hand, and two type-specific antigens each, on the other. Strain Rouen has a heat resistant type-specific antigen, probably of a polysaccharide nature. Two of the surface antigens of strain Rouen were found to be more deeply bound in strain Surnevo I. PMID- 814699 TI - [Studies of the humoral reactivity of piglets with experimental trichinelliasis]. AB - Studied were pigs with experimental Trichinella spiralis infection by means of biopsy, the complement-fixation test, the tube precipitation reaction, the double diffusion technique after Ouchterlony, and the microimmunoelectrophoresis after Scheidegger, using an antigen obtained by the method of Tanner and Gregory as modified by the authors. Highest titers established by the c. f. test and the tube precipitation reaction were observed on 30th--60th day after the infection. Complement-fixing antibodies were found up to the end of the third month, and precipitins -- up to the end of the fourth month of the infection. With the use of the double diffusion technique and the immunoelectrophoresis method the precipitation arcs were observed in the 2nd and 3rd month after the infection. PMID- 814700 TI - [Attempts to purify strain K of the virus of classical swine plague]. AB - In the treatment of spleens and lumph nodes of rabbits infected with strain K, with the use of freon 113 the virus was freed from proteins up to 92-96 per cent. The infective power of the purified virus proved equal to that of the initial non purified virus proved equal to that of the initial non-purified virus, and this points to the full extraction of the virus itself. The antigenic properties of the purified virus were demonstrated through agar gel precipitation with normal and hyperimmune sera of pigs and rabbits and indirect immunofluorescence methods. This method of purification yields a virus that can be used in more precise immunologic studies as well as in the study of the morphology of the classic swine fever virus. PMID- 814702 TI - Histiocytosis X of lungs and kidneys. AB - Report on a case of histiocytosis X of the lungs and kidneys. The pulmonary changes occured mainly during the fibrotic phase of the illness. In the kidneys, the process had a distinct granulomatous character with direct transition into a scarring final stage. Unusual was the considerable vascularisation of the pulmonary foci. Because of the large amount of plasma cells, particularly in the renal cortex, an allergic-hyperergic pathogenesis of the illness had to be discussed. PMID- 814701 TI - Hamartoma of the stomach in childhood: case report and review of the literature. AB - The clinical symptoms, x-ray appearances, and anatomical description of a large gastric hamartoma in an 8-year-old girl are presented. The literature of this condition in childhood is reviewed. The differentiation between true genuine hamartomas of the gastric wall and heterotopic (ectopic) tissues is stressed. PMID- 814703 TI - Lipid metabolism of the arterial wall in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). AB - The uptake and incorporation of [I14-C] oleic acid by diseased arterial intima removed by thrombendarteriectomy in 3 patients with Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) was studied. The diagnosis of TAO had been established by clinical, angiographic and histological criteria. The uptake and distribution of the label was found very similar in TAO and normal intima and differed considerably from atherosclerotic intima, from fatty streaks as well as from fibro-fatty lesions. In fatty streak lesions the incorporation of [I14-C] oleic acid into phospholipid, triglyceride and cholesterol ester was significantly increased compared to TAO, normal intima and unbilical artery. In TAO the distribution of labeled lipids between subcellular fractions of the arterial intima was also studied and, as in normal intima, most of the cholesterol ester were found membrane-bound whereas in fibro-fatty lesions the bulk of the cholesterol ester was present in the lipid skin fraction. The incorporation of [I14-C] oleic acid into different phospholipids was highest in atherosclerotic intima while no significant differences were found between normal intima and TAO. These data suggest a different pathogenesis of TAO and atherosclerosis. PMID- 814704 TI - [Obliterative intimofibrosis of the renal arteries under the influence of hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Histologic and morphologic methods were employed to study the influence of chronic hemodialysis on kidney vessels in chronic renal insufficiency. Arteries of contracted kidneys from patients with and without hemodialysis treatment were investigated. The dialysis group was made up of 33 patients, 28 having undergone bilateral nephrectomy and 5 having died. The control group consisted of 21 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, who died in uremic coma without prior hemodialysis. A statistical evaluation was done by comparing measurements from corresponding arteries in the dialysis- and control groups. The correlation pattern from a BMD 03D-program, in which each group was separately assessed for the possible influence of various clinical findings, was determined. Clinical influences taken into account included the course of the kidney disease, grade of renal insufficiency, duration and degree of hypertension as affecting the renal arteries. The statistical results showed that hemodialysis treatment, even taking clinical data into consideration, influenced the development of intimal fibrosis in the arteries of contracted kidneys in an increasing positive manner. Decreased perfusion of the kidneys during hemodialysis suggested as a possible cause. The examination of early lesions in renal arteries following short-term dialysis treatment lends support to this possibility. Here edema and proliferation of the intimal cells in the arteries, similar to that in vessels having a reduced blood flow, is observed. PMID- 814705 TI - Cellular features in desmoid fibromatosis and well-differentiated fibrosarcomas: an electron microscopic study. AB - In the study presented here the ultrastructural cellular features of three desmoids and four well-differentiated fibrosarcomas were compared. Electron microscopically, the tumors were almost identical relative to qualitative traits. The majority of cells corresponded to fibroblast-like cells with certain morphological variations. Especially cells with characteristics of myofibroblasts must be emphasized, whereas cells with an organelle composition of classical fibroblasts were surprisingly seldom. Considering the relations of cells to each other and to vessels the prevailing origin of tumor cells from preexisting fibroblasts is suggested. PMID- 814706 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma with leukemic blood picture in the terminal stage of mycosis fungoides. AB - A 76 year old man with mycosis fungoides developed an immunoblastic sarcoma and a leukemic blood picture in the final tumor stage after 6 years, in which the disease had clinically progressed in a typical manner. The results of histological and cytochemical studies of autopsy material are presented. Based on these findings and evidence of the T cell nature of mycosis fungoides, the immunoblastic sarcoma observed in the terminal stage of this case of mycosis fungoides might be of the rare T cell type. PMID- 814707 TI - Endolymphatic stromal myosis: report of a case treated surgically and with hormones. AB - Stromal endolymphatic myosis is regarded as a mixed homologous tumour with a prominent proliferation of the stroma and a varying degree of proliferation of glandlike structures and vessels. A case is presented in which the patient was treated periodically with progestine. This therapy seems to have been of benefit in controlling the frequency of recurrence. PMID- 814708 TI - Experimantal Congo virus (Ib -AN 7620) infection in primates. AB - Three primates inoculated with Congo virus (CV) developed viremia. The animals showed neither any rise in rectal temperature, nor signs of overt disease; however, in one of them pruritus and rash were observed. Skin biopsy revealed vasculitis and hemorrhage. By complement fixation, neutralization and gel diffusion tests CV antibodies were demonstrated in the convalescent sera of the three animals. PMID- 814709 TI - [M component and monoclonal lambda light chains in the urine during screening for amyloidosis of the kidney in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 814710 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid A and B]. PMID- 814711 TI - [Mechanism of increased resistance of thyroidectomized rats to the blastomogenous effect of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in cerebellum]. AB - In rat cerebellum development of tumor, induced by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2 benzanthracene, was accompanied by a gradual increase in concentration of corticosterone in peripheral blood and by a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptophane decarboxylase activity. Experimental athyreosis inhibited development of the tumor in cerebellum (the tumor developed in 80.8% of normothyreotic animals treated with the benzanthracene derivatives; in the athyreotic animals this figure did not exceed 55.7%), decreased the corticosterone concentration in blood and caused a subsequent decrease in the 5-hydroxytryptophane decarboxylase activity in cerebellum as compared with the corresponding values determined in rats with intact thyroid gland. These alterations are considered as possible determinants of increased resistance of thyroidectomized rats to the blastomogenous effect of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene on cerebellum. PMID- 814712 TI - [Chromosomal aberrations induced by thio-TEPA in cells of malignant ovarian tumors in humans]. AB - Chromosome abberations in cells of 4 ovarian cancer patients have been studied prior to and during the treatment with ThioTEPA. ThioTEPA was injected intraperitoneally once a week in a dose of 40 mg. The amount of abberant cells prior to the therapy averaged 7.8%. 14 days following the treatment the amount of cells with chromosome abberations reached its peak (88.6%). By the 21st day of ThioTEPA treatment, when a total dose of the drug was 120 mg, the number of cells with abberations rapidly decreased, and by the 28-35th day of treatment there was a fall up to the initial values. ThioTEPA induced in tumor cells chiefly abberations of chromatoid type that evidenced the injury of cells in a phase G2 of the cellular cycle. A decrease in the number of chromosome abberations in tumor cells during the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs is a morphological indication of the appearance of drug resistance. PMID- 814713 TI - [Immunologic responses of the body to tumors induced by DMBA]. AB - As a result of the complex immunobiological study in an autologous system on the models of DMBA induced tumors in muscular tissue there were shown 3 types of cell response to primary tumors, their metastases and autotransplantation: no response, moderate and very pronounced reaction. In a definite percentage of cases autologous peritoneal macrophages were found to inhibit malignant cells in autotransplantation. The percentage of positive inoculations and an average weight of transplants of primary tumors and their metastases at the moment of highest transplantation immunity (12-14 days) have been definitely correlated with the intensity of cell response developed in these tissue, and also are dependent on individual features of proper malignant cells. PMID- 814715 TI - C3 polymorphism in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. AB - C3 polymorphism in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-C3/C3c-serum. Through ageing, treatment of sera with cobra venom factor, endotoxin or with neuramindase, polymorphic bands were seen also in a conversion product and antigenically attributed to C3c. Rare phenotypes were observable in native C3 and in C3c. PMID- 814714 TI - A study of HL-A types in Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - The HL-A types of 288 women, immunised to the Rh(D) antigen as a result of pregnancy, have been compared to the HL-A types of 139 women who although they have had Rh(D)-positive children have not produced anti-Rh(D). There is an indication that an increased incidence of the HL-A3 antigen is associated with the immunised mothers. A study of the HL-A types of husbands and children of both immunised and non-immunised women did not suggest that their HL-A types played a significant role in anti-Rh(D) production. The frequencies of the HL-A antigens in each category studied have been tabulated for record purposes, as well as the frequencies in a random panel of persons living in the Newcastle environs. Full ABO, Rh and HL-A details of 50 immunised mothers and their families and of 58 non immunised mothers and their families are available. PMID- 814716 TI - High frequency of IgG anti-A and -B antibody in old age. PMID- 814717 TI - Inheritance of the Rh complex 'Santi', Rou(GV)1. PMID- 814718 TI - Incidence of lymphocytotoxic antibody in maternal serum at delivery, in cord serum and placental fluid. PMID- 814719 TI - The first example of the Rh antigen EW in Western Europe. PMID- 814720 TI - A second example of anti-Fy51. PMID- 814722 TI - [Virion enzymes of vertebrate viruses]. PMID- 814721 TI - [Genetic pathology of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and problems of the negative effect of certain drugs]. PMID- 814723 TI - [Long-term observation of myositis ossificans progressiva in an 11-year-old girl]. PMID- 814724 TI - [Rare complication of intraoperative cholangiography]. PMID- 814725 TI - [Jacksonian fits and threatened premature labour (the effect of valium, prepar and antiepileptic drugs on the fetus and uterine contractility ante and intra partum) (author's transl)]. AB - The case is reported of a 30-year-old patient whose fifth pregnancy (para 2, no living children) was complicated by the necessity of surgical removal of a stage II astrocytoma. Threatened premature labour was averted by the continuous administration of Prepar as from the 25th week of pregnancy and spontaneous vaginal delivery of a live-born infant was achieved in the 35th week. The development of repeated Jacksonian fits necessitated the administration of high doses of Valium (215 mg i.v. over a 50-nour period) both pre and intra partum, over and above the long-term antiepileptic maintenance therapy which the patient had received throughout the entire pregnancy. The fetal heart rate was not affected by Valium even at such high dosage. This case serves to illustrate that if the indication arises, high doses of Valium may be given before and during labour in conjunction with long-term antiepileptic drugs and Prepar apparently without adverse effects on the fetus or on uterine activity. PMID- 814726 TI - Pregnancy and abortion in adolescence. Report of a WHO meeting. PMID- 814727 TI - The epidemiology of infertility. Report of a WHO scientific group. PMID- 814728 TI - Small bowel resections--exhaustive approach to a theory of adaptation. PMID- 814729 TI - [Stomach diverticula]. PMID- 814730 TI - [Proceedings: Abolition of regulatory processes by quinone antibiotics]. PMID- 814731 TI - [Serum dixogin determination. Clinical significance, results and error consideration based on comparative studies with different radioimmunoassays]. AB - In order to compare 5 different radioimmunoassays (RIA's) and their results we determined the digoxin concentration in the serum of 186 patients and point out some sources of error. We consider the following points important: 1. There were found varying results in the determination of digoxin concentration in patient's sera using different RIA's. 2. One of the essential reasons for these differences are discrepancies of the RIA standards which belong to each kit. 3. It should be required that the control standard is equal to all RIA's. 4. Each laboratory which carries out digoxin determinations should, in collaboration with the clinic, work out and announce its own guide-line values for the RIA used in regard to the optimal therapeutic range and also to overdoses. PMID- 814732 TI - [Light microscopic studies on the development of Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky and Luhs, 1904) in Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844). I. The development in the gut of engorged nymphs (author's transl)]. AB - A laboratory strain of H. a. excavatum was selected on high susceptibility for T. annulata through several generations. Giemsa-stained smears and wet smears of gut and gut content were studied. After engorgement of erythrocytic stages of T. annulata by the nymphs the following development was observed: 1. Erythrocytic merozoites developed to slender, spindleshaped "microgamonts" in the gut 24 to 96 hours after repletion (p. repl.). Spherical stages with a conspicuous spike developed at the same time and earlier. The "microgamonts" then form up to 4 nuclei and several flagella-like appendices. Filiform "microgametes" obviously develop from the "microgamonts". In addition, spherical stages, i.e. "macrogametes", occur. 2. Spherical "zygotes" with a vacuole-like center appear in the epithelial cells of the gut from day 5 p. repl. These "zygotes" increase steadily in size and then stain more intensely up to day 12 p. repl. 3. From day 12 p. repl. the spherical "Zygotes" change to elongate forms by a continuing process of folding. Finally, from day 13 p. repl., they extend to clubshaped kinetes. These kinetes move actively by gliding within the gut cells and from day 17 p. repl. in the haemolymph. It could not be decided yet whether these kinetes are oo- or sporokinetes. PMID- 814733 TI - [Electron microscope studies on development stages of Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky, Luhs, 1904) in the intestine and haemolymph of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844) (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time developmental stages of Theileria within the intestine and haemolymph of ticks were studied by electron microscopy. On the 1st-6th day post repletionem the intestine of the ticks contained humerous tages, which were very similar to microgamonts and microgametes of haemosporidia. Later, on the 14th 19th day p.r. ookinete-like stages ere found in the haemolymph of ticks. From these results it seemed likely that gamogony of Theileria takes place in the intestine of ticks. In more detail: The microgamont-like stages were spindle shaped; they measured about 8-12 mu in length with a diameter of about. 08 mu in their middle region... PMID- 814734 TI - Proposal for a new nomenclature of the Sarcosporidia. PMID- 814735 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on cysts of Sarcocystis ovicanis Heydorn et al. (1975) within muscle fibres of sheep (author's transl)]. AB - Four conventionally reared lambs, isolated at the age of 5 and 8 weeks, were orally infected with oocysts and sporocysts from dogs, which had been fed raw muscles from sheep containing small cysts of S. tenella. Three lambs, each infected with 100,000 sporocysts, were killed at days 41, 63 and 81 p.i. The other lamb was used for a non-infected control. The development of Sarcocystis cysts in muscle cells of the infected lambs was studied by light and electron microscopy. The cyst was always situated within a muscle fiber which was never surrounded by fibrillar layers (=no secondary cyst wall). The cyst was limited by a unit membrane, which was thickened at numerous places of the interior by osmiophilic material. This complex is called primary cyst wall (= Primarhulle), reaching a thickness of up to 25 nm. In old cysts this primary wall was regulary folded, forming palisade-like protrusions of about 3.5 mu in length. In light microscopy the combined protrusions had the appearance of a radially striated "thick wall", because of their close proximity to each other. During formation of the palisade-like protrusions the thin areas of the primary wall were restricted to the base of the protrusions and to the small space between the protrusions. Here, the single unit membrane formed vesicle-like invaginations of about 40 nm in diameter into the interior of the cyst. Vesicles seen in the cysts were thought to derive from these invaginations. Within the palisade-like protrusions never fibrillar or tubular elements appeared. In comparing the fine structure of the cyst wall of the small cysts, studied here, with the macroscopically visible cysts we found significant differences. These differences in the morphology confirm the results of transmission experiments, by which it was shown that S. tenella as described in literature is part of at least two coccidian life cycles. So the term S. tenella was replaced by two new species: S. ovicanis (final host: dog) and S. ovifelis (final host: cat) Heydorn et al. (1975). PMID- 814736 TI - [Proceedings: Extramembraneous glomerulonephritis in a young woman with acid mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 814737 TI - [Morphological, biochemical and antigenic characteristics of gonococci with high and low sensitivity to penicillin]. PMID- 814738 TI - Blocking of cross reactions with contrast dye and native sera to increase specificity of immunofluorescence reaction in diagnosis of gonorrhea. PMID- 814739 TI - [Praxis of the blood group opinion of parentage: systems with low exclusions potency; evidence of serological exclusion; biostatistical problems. Comments to a paper of H. Ritter in FamRZ 1973, 121 (author's transl)]. AB - Blood group systems with a rare second allel are in praxis ineffective and therefore uneconomical because of their low exclusion potency as well as their low serostatistical value. The evidence of exclusion in particular blood group systems is fixed by the German "Richtlinien". With the new German law, however, one has to differentiate between the requirements in respect of the "offenbar unmoglich" ("fatherhood evidently impossible") in cases of extramatriomonial children, and those in respect of "schwerwiegende Zweifel" ("serious doubts in fatherhood") in cases of illegitimate children. The serostatistical results can give an indication on non-fatherhood, but in no case a real exclusion of paternity. Further evidence, as an anthropological or an HL-A expert opinion, is necessary to decide if the negative hint is reliable or not. To evaluate blood group (and HL-A) findings biostatistically, one uses the BAYES' Theorem with ESSEN-MOLLER's frequencies X and Y (in two-hypothesis cases). As prior plausibility one sets ESSEN-MOLLER's normative 0.5 or a realistic value, calculated from a concrete material of forensic cases. Statistical values on the basis of the exclusion chance as A, WA, Z, P and x do not give the whole information, because the phenotype of the man is not (or not fully) regarded. Therefore these values are of no use in serostatistical evaluation. With appropriate frequencies it is possible to calculate the probability of paternity also in cases in which foreign people is involved. If foreign frequencies are not available, the German "Richtlinien" allow to use european frequencies, if the involved people shares the caucasoid (europid) race. PMID- 814740 TI - [Regressive changes in the structures of the syndesmoses in conservatively treated ankle injuries]. PMID- 814741 TI - [Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of Rh incompability]. AB - Review about prophylaxis and management of Rh isoimmunization with special reference to prevention of Rh hemolytic disease by anti-D-gammaglobulin. PMID- 814742 TI - [Placental changes in diabetes mellitus with special reference to villi maturation disorders. (Morphological findings and severity of the disease)]. AB - The placentas of 42 cases with rhesus sensitization were examined. The degree of severity of this disease was classified according to the typing of Liley. There was found an increase of placental weight in relation to the degree of severity of rhesus sensitization. Similar relation was seen referred to the height of the placenta-child-index. Implantation lesions occurred in all degrees of sensitization. In the most cases we found insertion anomalies of the cord or shape abnormalities. All the placentas showed a disturbance of circulation, in 70% only in small areas. A relation to the degree of the severity of this disease wasn't provable. Nearly all placentas showed villi necrosis and proliferation of the syncytiotrophoblast. A compensatory angiomatosis was seen only 3 times. The authors found 85,7% distrubed maturation of the villi in rhesus sensitization; there was a relation between the degree of the changes and the degree of the severity of the disease. Dominant was the discordant retardation of the villi. These pathological findings have to be seen in correlation to the aetiology of this disease, causal treatment is not possible. PMID- 814743 TI - [Studies on the effectiveness of the anti-D-prevention at the Gottingen University Gynecological Clinic from 1969 to 1972]. AB - The effectivity of the anti-D-prophylaxis performed at the Women's Hospital of the University of Gottingen was controlled by means of serological control examinations of those women, who represented an increase immunological risk of a potential formation of antibodies by means of a second and third Rh-positive infant. None of these women showed an anti-D-body-formation in spite of the application of very sensitive serological methods of examination. In about 10% of our examined women the standard dosis of 300 mug anti-D-IgG had to be increased, so as to achieve a complete elimination of fetal erythrocytes. This result underlines again the necessity of a careful control of influx of red blood corpuscles after the application of anti-D-IgG, so as to avoid failures of the applied prophylaxis. Though we are not in the position to give a final answer concerning the effectivity of our anti-D-prophylaxis with the control examination of 58 serologically observed women, we are of the opinion, that the special immunological stress of a second or third delivery in this special group of patients puts more weight to the observation. As there were no "failures" in these exposed patients to be found by means of the differentiated serological tests during the control examinations, we believe, that our anti-D-prophylaxis scheme appears to be effective from the present point of view. PMID- 814744 TI - [Normal antistreptolysin titres and demonstration of rheumatoid factors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (author's transl)]. AB - Rhesus monkeys are often used as experimental animals. Many clinical and biochemical parameters are known but there are only few papers dealing with the normal values of antistreptolysin O (ASL). Informations about antistreptococcal antibodies are necessary in order to follow the course of immunization and infection experiments. When non-absorbed sera were used, the mean value of antistreptolysin O in clinically healthy rhesus monkeys (Macacus rhesus) amounted to 178 +/- 52 ASU. After absorption with dextran sulphate, the mean value was 90 +/- 20 ASU. Absorption with dextransulphate is a necessary prerequisite to exact determinations of antistreptolysin titres because it removes unspecific inhibitors of streptolysin O. In the sera of rhesus monkey more inhibitors were present than in human sera. On an average, in monkeys 55% of the material reacting with streptolysin O was an inhibitor, compared with about 40% in human sera. As a result of common infections with streptolysin O-producing streptococcal groups C and G antistreptolysin titres can frequently be seen to increase above the average normal value. Using non-absorbed and dextran sulphate absorbed sera, respectively 350 and 200 ASU must be regarded as the normal upper limits for serum antistreptolysin-titres. PMID- 814745 TI - Unrelatedness between agglutinations of bacteria and the presence of anti polysaccharides in sera of Salmonellae from groups B and D. AB - Rabbits hyperimmunized with two strains of S. paratyphi B provided sera with high agglutinating titers, although the sera were deprived of antipolysaccharide antibodies. However, the polysaccharides of both strains of S. paratyphi B precipitated against anti S. typhimurium sera in which antipolysaccharide antibodies were induced. Antisera obtained with three S. enteritidis strains showed a comparable unrelatedness between the agglutinating titers and the presence of antipolysaccharide antibodies in the corresponding sera. One of the strains, repeatedly used for immunization, never induced antipolysaccharide antibodies, while the agglutinating titers of the sera were high; the polysaccharide of this strain precipitated strongly against anti-Salmonella typhi O 901 sera and against the antisera of the other S. enteritidis strains in which antipolysaccharide antibodies were induced. According to these results, there is no apparent relationship between agglutinations of bacteria and the presence of antipolysaccharide antibodies in the corresponding sera. Heated proteins, isolated from all the strains after previous exhaustive extraction at 37 degrees C, showed strong serological precipitations. PMID- 814746 TI - [Toxicity of culture supernatants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - In an effort to learn more about the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa we studied the culture supernatants of 20 strains of this bacterial species. Of these 5 proved to be highly toxic, 9 moderately toxic and 6 nontoxic for mice. The toxic component could not be separated from protease (elastase), neither by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100 superfine, nor by isoelectric focusing. From this we assumed that the toxicity of the culture supernatants was associated with elastase. Purified elastase from P. aeruginosa, strain 75, elicited cytotoxic effects in cultures of L-, HeLa- and testicular-cells from calves. It apparently did not damage cultures of kidney-cells from rabbits and pigs. PMID- 814747 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on cysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis in the muscles of calves infected experimentally with oocysts and sporocysts of the large form of Isospora bigemina from cats (author's transl)]. AB - In several experiments young calves were infected with oocyss and sporocysts of the large form of isospora bigemina from cats, which has been fed by raw beef containing Sarcocystis fusiformis cysts. On he 98th and 160th day p.i. the calves were killed and the development of S. fusiformis cysts in muscle cells was sutided by lign and electron microscopy. The cyst was always situated within a muscle fiber which was never surrounded by fibrillar layers of host origin (= no secondary cyst wall). The cyst was limited by a singel unit membrane, which was thickened at numerous places of the interior by osmiophilic material. This complex is called primary wall (Primarhulle), reaching a thickness of up to 250 A. This primary wall was regulary folded, forming palisade-like protrusions... PMID- 814748 TI - [About the decomposition of acetamide as taxonomic marker for some species of the genus pseudomonas (author's transl)]. AB - The comparative examination of the acetamide-decompostition and of the acetamide utilisation as sole source of carbon demonstrates that various groups of the Pseudomonas species with the same kind of reaction have to be distinguished. The acetamide-decomposition-test according to BUHLMANN et al. and the methylene-blue reduction-test show homogeneous results. As a positive result of these tests the formation of ammonia has always been shown. An acetamide decomposition of this kind has been demonstrable with P. aeruginosa, P. acidovorans and many P. cepacia strains. On liquid mineral media containing acetamide P. fluorescens, P. putida and P. pseudomallei show growth although ammonia is not produced and the test according to BUHLMANN et al. as well as the methylene-blue-reduction-test result negatively. In all tests P. alcaligenes, P. marginata, P. caryophilli and with certain exceptions P. sutzeri and P. putrefaciens react negatively. PMID- 814749 TI - [Method of determining visual pigments in situ and their study in some vertebrates]. AB - A simple electrophysiological method for determining of visual pigments in isolated retina is described. The method is based on registration of the early receptor potential amplitude which is proportional to the visual pigment content and on measurement of the rate of the decrease of this amplitude under the action of the bleaching light of a known wavelength and intensity. The results of the determining of rod and cone visual pigments in the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, teleosts Diplodus annularis and Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus, toad Bufo bufo and guinea pig are presented. PMID- 814750 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of protein composition of chromatins from rats and frogs]. PMID- 814752 TI - [Isolation and study of the properties of the Meningococcus allergen]. AB - Meningococcus allergen was obtained from meningococcus cultures grown on serum free media by the method of alkaline extraction and subsequent acid precipitation. In intradermal injection to guinea pigs this allergen indicated a specific sensitization with menigococci in 80% of cases. In the nonsensitized animals and also in guinea pigs sensitized with N. catarrhalis and N. gonorrhoeae positive skin reactions were seen in 7.6% of cases only. In detection of meningococcus sensitization there was found no relationship to their group specificity. The preparation was harmless in diagnostic dose, produced no sensitizing action, by chemical nature served as a glyconucleoproteid devoid of lipid, possessed molecular and electrophoretic heterogeneity. The allergen contained precipitating antigens not associated with its capacity to detect the state of sensitization in intradermal injection. PMID- 814751 TI - [Transfer to the leukocytes of neonates by means of the plasma of patients with tuberculosis and of healthy persons of the ability to depress migration under the influence of antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro]. AB - A study was made of the effect of the blood plasma of patients suffering from tuberculosis and of healthy individuals on the in vitro migration in the presence of old tuberculin and the BCG vaccine of the leukocytes of neonates sensitive and insensitive to these antigens. Plasma of tuberculosis patients and more rarely of healthy persons created favourable conditions for depression of migration with old tuberculin and the BCG vaccine of the neonatal leukocytes insensitive to it on autoplasma, i.e. realized the transfer of the cellulo-mediated reactivity. In some cases the neonatal leukocyte migration by tuberculin on autoplasma was absent on the plasma of patients with tuberculosis of the lungs. A conclusion was drawn that the blood plasma of neonates suffering from tuberculosis and of adult healthy individuals contained quantitatively and qualitatively different factors determining different sensitivity of their leukocytes to the Mycobacteria antigens. PMID- 814753 TI - [Connection between the group factors of the blood systems ABO, MNSs, and rhesus and peculiarities of the vaccination process in children immunized against smallpox]. AB - The ahthors present new data on the character of the vaccine process in children associated with the characteristics of the blood group ABO, MNSs and Rh systems. The greater frequency of occurrence and more manifest reactions were noted in children with blood groups A, B, AB, M and Rho (D) - in comparison with those having blood groups O, Rho (D) +, MN and N. There was a significant prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in the primarily immunized children with blood groups A in comparison with groups O, B and AB. The data obtained pointed to the negative effect of the mimi-rating antigens of the smallpox virus on the immunogenesis in smallpox. Search for methods of releasing the vaccine of these antigens is necessary for reduction of the reactogenic properties and increase of immunogenecity of the smallpox vaccines. PMID- 814754 TI - [Use of the corycin test and of bacteriophage typing for genetic marking of corynebacteria with reference to C. diphtheriae of the gravis type]. AB - Nontoxigenic C. diphtheria, fermenting starch, of convertible phage types ABCDFCH, ABCDFG, ABCDF, ABCD, ABD, ACDf, CDf, AF and A, and also strains of nonconvertible bacteriophage types I, H and K proved to be noncoricynogenic in the corycine test and weakly sensitive to bacteriocin of the No. 3463 test strain (a study was made of a total of 502 strains). Strains (383) isolated from 354 patients and carriers--starch-fermenting and toxigenic to the gravis type--were toxigenic were lysed by a combination of bacteriophages O, P, Q, R, S, T produced an active bacteriocine against the test strains No. 23 BC, and were insensitive to bacteriocine of the strain No. 3453. Strains of phage type G(g) were noncorycinogenic. Only one strain of phage type G, which produced corycine, active against the test strain No. 23 BC served as an exception. With the aid of phages A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, K it was possible to separate 244 strains of the phage type G(g) into 3 phage types--bc, ABfGH and Abg. Strains of phage type ABfGH were noncorycinogenic; the only strain of phage type bG available produced bacteriocine. PMID- 814755 TI - [Light chain typing of paraproteins and Bence-Jones proteins by immunoelectrophoresis]. AB - Light chain types of paraproteins G (76), A (28) and D (5), monoclonal macroglobulins (14) and Bence-Jones proteins (11) were determined by immunoelectrophoretic analysis using monospecific antisera to surface (accessible) and nonaccessible determinants of light chains. The types of the G and A paraproteins were determined in the whole sera; D paraproteins and monoclonal macroglobulins were purified before typing. No precipitation occurred with antisera to light chains in 6 out of 28 A paraproteins. In these cases the inhibition of the IgG precipitation with either the anti-kappa or anti-lambda sera allowed to determine the paraprotein type. The kappa:lambda ratio was established for paraproteins of various classes: 1.7 for paraproteins G, 1.0 for paraproteins A, 2.5 for monoclonal macroglobulins and 0.83 for Bence-Jones proteins. All the D paraproteins investigated were of the lambds-type. PMID- 814756 TI - [Current data on the polymorphism of Rickettsia prowazekii and burneti in cultured cells]. AB - In cultivation of Rickettsia prowazeki (strains Breinl and E) in the cell cultures of guinea pig kidneys (GPK) and chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) ultrastructure of rickettsia of unusual shape (filamentous, irregularpleomorphic and spheroplast-like) were revealed along with rickettsia of the usual shape and size. The polymorphism was less pronounced in the GPK and the CEF cells of Rickettsia burneti (strain M-44). It is supposed that rickettsial polymorphism was not associated with their developmental cycle and served as a morphological expression of the changes in the microorganism under the effect of unfavourable ecological conditions. The appearance of filamentous forms could be associated with disturbed cell division process; changed rigidity of the cell wall could serve as the cause of appearance of pleomorphic rickettsia. In difference from polymorphism, the cycle of rickettsial development is considered to be (in the basis of modern electron microscopic data) as a biological replacement of the vegetative (rod-like, bacillary) forms by those more stable in the external environment, resting (coccoid). PMID- 814757 TI - [Epidemiological assessment of the system of indices characterizing the quality of vaccine preparations]. AB - The authors discuss the methodology and the method of formation of the medico technical requirements to newly-elaborated or modified vaccine preparations. The following are considered among the principal parameters responsible for the formation of the quality of the vaccines: the prophylactic activity, the extent of the injurious effect, the technological and the exploitation properties. A close association of these parameters in the determination of the quality of the vaccine and the dependence of the efficacy of its use on the character of the epidemic situation was shown. A possibility of using the method of calculation of the efficacy of immunization for detection of the main (leading) parameters of the quality of the vaccine elaborated which should be used in composing the medico-technical requirements. It is emphasize that one of the principal directions of the investigations is the elaboration and the assessment of the correctness of the immunological and laboratory methods of standardization and control of the methods of objective measurement of the parameters forming the quality of the vaccine preparations. PMID- 814758 TI - [The effect of neuraminidase of C. diphtheriae on the functional capacity of the peritoneal exudate cells of guinea pigs to diphtheria bacilli]. AB - A study was made of the effect of neuraminidase preparation containing no diphtheria toxin admixtures and hyaluronidase on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Neuraminidase produced a stimulating effect on the cells of the developing macrophage culture. The macrophages treated with the enzyme increased their capacity to digestion of nontoxigenic diphtheria bacilli. PMID- 814759 TI - [Alterations in several cerebral metabolic indices in patients with epilepsy]. AB - The paper pertains to studies of some metabolic indices in the brain of 106 epileptic patients where fits were of a traumatical and inflammatory etiology and with the duration of the disease from 1-10 years. The examination revealed disorders of the reductive-oxidative processes and carbohydrate metabolism in the brain which were not related to the etiology of epilepsy. A disorder of reductive oxidative processes were more expressed in focal nonconvulsive fits characteristic for temporal epilepsy. The authors point to a certain correlation between changes in biochemical indices and the duration of the disease. PMID- 814760 TI - [Histamine metabolism in patients with cerebral circulatory disorders together with hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis]. AB - The authors conducted a study of the histamine system (H), diaminoxidase (DO), histaminopexic index (HPI) using the biological method in 127 patients with hypertensive disease and cerebral atherosclerosis with brain circulation disturbances and in 23 patients with atherosclerotic parkinsonism. It was displayed that in the majority of the patients the H level and HPI value were pathologically changed, but DO activity was disturbed to a lesser degree. The authors demonstrated some correlations between the fluctuations of H-DO-HPI system and the character of the brain circulation disturbances, the period of the stroke, severity of the disease and an etiological factor. According to the authors' opinion changes in H-DO-HPI system were in a direct correlation with fluctuations of the level in the biological fluids of catecholimes, serotonin, acetylcholine, glucocorticoids. Recommendations concerning a discontinuation of histaminemia or its negative effects were given. PMID- 814761 TI - [A rheoencephalographic study of the relatives of patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - The presentation contains the result of a rheoencephalographic study of 67 sons and daughters of the patients with ischemic stroke of a hemispheric localization. Some rheoencephalographic signs testifying to the presence of a cerebro-vascular deficiency in the relatives of the probands were depicted. The use of nitroglycerin sample permitted to reveal in practically healthy relatives certain REG changes which exceeded the normal limits. These shifts were mainly observed in the elder age group of the investigated individuals (above 40 years). The obtained data can promote detection of those individuals who are predisposed to atherosclerosis and hypertensive disease, and to conduct medico-prophylactic measures in due time. PMID- 814762 TI - Induction of laccase by ferulic acid in basidiomycetes. PMID- 814763 TI - [Parenteral feeding after total gastrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 2 cases of radical gastrectomy for cancer. Parenteral feeding composed of amino acids, solutions of lipids and carbon hydrats insures an intake of 2,500 to 4,000 calories per day in the immediate postoperative phase. Daily nitrogen and measurement of the different blood and urine parameters make it possible to estimate the daily needs of these patients and to provide for a smooth recovery. PMID- 814764 TI - Acute redistribution of thyroxine after the administration of univalent anions, salicylate, theophylline and barbiturates in rats. AB - Rats were injected with [125I]L-thyroxine (T4) ip 16 h before the experiment and samples of blood were frequently taken from polyethylene tubing inserted into the femoral artery in anaesthetized and heparin injected animals, isovolaemia being maintained. In each sample of plasma T4 counts per ml were estimated with the aid of paper chromatography. Rapid decrease of circulating T4 level was found at 20 min after iv injection of various compounds (thiocyanate, iodide, fluoroborate, theophylline and salicylate) and a dose-response relationship was established between such a decrease and the administered dose of salicylate (5-160 mg/400 g b.w.). A similar decrease was observed at 60 min after ip injection of some general anaesthetics (thio-, pento- and allo-barbiturate, urethane) or tranquilizers (Innovar-Vet). Finally, an incrase of T4 fractional disposal rate was found between 120 and 480 min after the administration of some of the above mentioned anaesthetics and this effect was abolished by the administration of thiocyanate. It was concluded that there are two different effects of drugs on the circulating T4 level: 1. the immediate effect resulting apparently from a decreased plasma protein binding; 2. the prolonged effect which presumably results from the increased turnover of T4 by peripheral tissues, the metabolic basis of which remains unexplained. PMID- 814765 TI - [Effect of hormonal contraceptives on endometrial deposit in rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 814766 TI - [Results of planned immunization of Rh-negative subjects with Rh-positive blood]. AB - Fifty-four men were immunized with Rh-positive blood for induction of anti-Rh antibodies. The method of immunization used allowed the planned effect to be obtained in 56% of cases. Starting with the 5th month after administration of the first antigenic stimulus the plasma of 17 subjects could be used for production of anti-D immunoglobulin. No reliable results were obtained in investigations of early phase of serologically undetectable immune response using the test of local haemolysis in gel (plaque-forming cells). PMID- 814767 TI - [Stimulation of secondary immune response to antigen D from the Rh system]. AB - The authors report the results of investigations on stimulation of secondary immunological response in 30 subjects immunized with antigen D for obtaining highly active sera for production of anti-D immunoglobulin. The analysis of these results showed that application of frequent antigenic stimuli leads to a short term rise in the antibody level but in 10 cases no expected effect was obtained. None of the immunized subjects produced serologically detectable antibodies reacting with platelets. PMID- 814768 TI - [Comparative histochemical and disc-electrophoretical investigations about the postnatal differentiation of the alkaline and acid phosphatases in the intestinal mucosa of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The alkaline and acid phosphatase were studied with different histochemical methods in 5 different regions of the small intestine in newborn (1. to 50. postnatal day) and in adult rats (4 month old) and compared with the results of the disk-electrophoretical fractionation of these enzymes. In the course of the adaptation of the enzymes pattern of newborn animals to the pattern of adult animals during the 3. postnatal week, in the disk-elektrophoresis there is a alteration of the qualitative composition of the enzymes. Until the 20. day the electrophoresis shows only one fraction of alkaline and acid phosphatase in duodenum. After this day three fractions can be separated. Simultaneously there is a precipitous decrease in the enzyme activities in the electropherograms of the ileum. Synchronous with the enzyme adaptation the characteristic surface epithelium of ileum is replaced by non vacuolised cylindrical epithelium. PMID- 814769 TI - Cytospectrophotometric studies on the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in functionally different neuron-neuroglia units. I. Optimal procedure conditions and topochemical comparisons in normal mice. AB - Optimal conditions are described to reveal quantitatively the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the activity of its H- and M-form in the nervous tissue sections when applying Brody and Engel's tetrazolium method modified by Gerebtzoff. This histochemical reaction has been shown to obey Bouger-Lambert Beer's law which confirms the possibility of the quantitative determination of the activity of LDH and its isoenzymes by means of cytospectrophotometric method. In the neurons of different areas of the mouse nervous system (cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, spinal cord anterior horns, spinal ganglia), both the total LDH activity and the activities of its H- and M-forms were localized in the cytoplasm. Within the limits of the sensitivity and correctness of the cytospectrophotometric method, the ratio of H- to M-forms of LDH did not differ significantly in the majority of the neuron types studied as well as in the neurons as compared with their glial satellite cells. PMID- 814771 TI - Studies on sterol/steroid biosynthesis from 3:4 dihydroxy phenyl alanine. AB - Homogenated tissue of gonads of Rana tigrina were incubated in Young's Ringer solution containing 5 mg of 3:4 dihydroxy phenylalanine. An increase in the cholesterol and neutral-17-ketosteroids was found when compared with the control. Perfusion of ovary with DOPA gave similar results. However, there was a sharp drop (greater than 50%) in the cholesterol contents of the kidney and suprarenal under similar conditions. A postulated scheme of steroid biosynthesis from DOPA is given. PMID- 814770 TI - Steroid dehydrogenases in the kidney of musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea: a histochemical study. AB - The presence of NADH diaphorase, G-6-PDH, ICDH, delta5-3beta-HSDH, 17beta-HSDH and 11beta-HSDH enzyme activity has been histochemically demonstrated in the renal and the collecting tubules of the kidney of the musk shrew, Crocidura caerulea, a primitive mammal. It is inferred that the kidney is capable of converting delta5-3beta, 17beta- and 11beta-hydroxysteroids to ketosteroids, presumably, during steroid excretion. PMID- 814772 TI - Testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in toad (Bufo melanostictus) following prolonged exposure to heat. AB - In contrast to our previous observation of increased activity of testicular delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in toad with relation to the moderate rise of external temperature (40 degrees C), the present observation, however, shows a significant fall of this enzyme in the testis of toads exposed to a considerably high temperature (48 degrees C). The possible mechanism of action of heat on testicular steroid hormone synthesis has been discussed. PMID- 814773 TI - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the kidney of white-breasted water hen, Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis (Boddaert). AB - Histochemical localization of delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta5 3beta-HSDH), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSDH), 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) have been studied in the kidney of white-breasted water hen, Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis. All these enzyme activities occurred in the proximal and distal convoluted and collecting tubules, however, the intensity of these enzyme activities was more in the proximal convoluted tubules. It is suggested that these enzymes might have a role in converting certain hydroxysteroids to ketosteroids during steroid excretion. PMID- 814774 TI - On the distribution of heavy metals in the ovary of common ground squirrel, Funambulus pennanti: a histochemical study. AB - A histochemical survey of few minerals including iron, calcium, magnesium, nickel, bismuth, lead and zinc have been made in the ovary of common ground squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. Magnesium, nickel, bismuth, lead and zinc which are beleived not to occur normally in tissues, were fed orally and separately to the squirrels, while no extra diet was administered for iron and calcium. After fifteen days of this treatment, ovaries from different squirrel groups were examined to locate the presence of respective metals applying specific histochemical methods. The results thus obtained proove the retention of Fe, Ca, Ni, Mg, and Bi in the ovarian tissue while Pb and Zn could not be trace out. Possible roles of these elements, apart from that of nutrition are discussed with special reference to gonads, mentioning the rate and degree of toxicity wherever it is caused. PMID- 814775 TI - Fluorescent cytochemistry of calid and algid normal and Lucke tumor-bearing kidneys. AB - Fluorescent cytochemical techniques, chiefly end-group methods, have been employed in the characterization of cells in calid and algid normal and LUCKE tumor-bearing kidneys of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Cytoplasmic RNA and glycogen distribution reflect the known patterns of general metabolic activity of the respective cells in question. Protein sulfhydryl distribution is similar in normal distal tubules and tumors while both differ significantly from proximal tubules. Viral inclusions in nuclei of algid tumor cells contain demonstrable DNA, protein sulfhydryls and disulfides, arginine and lysine-rich basic proteins, also both C-terminal and side chain carboxyl groups. Significant amounts of DNA are demonstrable in the cytoplasm of algid tumors. Fluorescence cytochemical methods directed toward end-groups or specific classes of macromolecules offer a particularly favorable option, because of increased sensitivity and higher levels of contrast, for comparative cytological investigations of the LUCKE tumor and of similar systems. PMID- 814776 TI - [The use of an ovomucoid-peroxidase complex for ultracytochemical demonstration of wheat germ agglutinin membrane receptors]. PMID- 814777 TI - Prolonged artificial hyperventilation in cerebral apoplexy. PMID- 814778 TI - The value of amniotic fluid diamine oxidase estimations in the management of severe rhesus iso-immunization. AB - Serial estimations of the enzyme, diamine oxidase (D.A.O.) in liquor amnii were made in 82 rhesus sensitised women. Normal levels were found in severe disease with a favourable fetal outcome, but abnormal levels were found in 50% of the pregnancies in which severe disease was associated with fetal death. In addition, when liquor bilirubin levels predicted moderate-severe disease, D.A.O. levels were abnormal in 75% of the pregnancies in which the fetus succumbed. Abnormally low D.A.O. levels in amniotic fluid were frequently associated with the subsequent development of disseminated intra-vascular coagulation in the infant. Serial estimations of D.A.O. in amniotic fluid could be a helphful adjunct to serial liquor bilirubin estimations in the management of severe rhesus iso immunisation. PMID- 814779 TI - Vestibular evoked potentials in thalamus and basal ganglia of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - In anesthetized squirrel monkeys vestibular representation in the thalamus and basal ganglia was determined by field potential recording using peripheral electrical vestibular nerve stimulation. Vestibular thalamic regions were investigated for cortical connections. Two relatively large thalamic areas, nucleus ventralis posterolateralis, VPL and the posterior nuclear group (Po) received vestibular inputs with short latencies suggesting direct connections with the vestibular nuclei. Antidromic stimulation of the area 3 a vestibular field did not produce responses in any of the vestibular thalamic fields. The vestibular regions in VPL and Po can be antidromically invaded from SI and the anterior parietal lobe respectively. In the striatum vestibular fields were found in the suprathalamic portion of the nucleus caudatus and dorsomedially in the putamen. PMID- 814780 TI - Light microscopic and ultrastructural observations on the short-term effects of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on rat tibia epiphysis. AB - Ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered intraperitoneally to one-day old rats at a concentration of 30 and 40 mg/kg body weight/injection. Two groups of animals received four doses, respectively, over a 44-hour-period and a third group received two high doses with a 15-hour interval, the total amounts corresponding to 30, 40 and 20 mg/P/kg body weight. Animals in the first two experimental groups showed increased width of the hypertrophic zone as compared with normal controls and lack of calcified septa within the zone of provisional calcification. In the calcification zone, persistent atypical chondrocytes were present and in the septa a large number of matrix vesicles which hardly ever contained any crystals. The ground substance of these septa contained fine precipitates, probably representing proteoglycan complexes which were not seen normally in this zone. In the third group, the septa of the calcification zone were calcified and the hypertrophic zone was not clearly widened. In the metaphysis, remnants of cartilage or osteoid were observed as "islands" covered with osteoblast-like cells which showed signs both of collagen and apatite formation, the latter evidenced by the appearance of crystals within the matrix vesicles. It is suggested that the complex effects observed in calcifying cartilage after administration of high doses of EHDP in vivo are not restricted solely to the stage of crystal formation. PMID- 814781 TI - Radiorespirometric studies in genus Neisseria. 2. The catabolism of glutamate and fumarate. AB - The catabolism of glutamate and fumarate was studied by radiorespirometry in selected Neisseria species. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is functioning in all species tested, in spite of the known absence of in vitro malate dehydrogenase activity in N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and N. cinerea. The results imply a pyridine nucleotide independent oxidation of malate. The oxidation of glutamate is less complete in the presence of phosphate. In N. meningitidis, N. perflava, N. flava, N. subflava and N. lactamica the catabolism of fumarate was slow and incomplete in the absence of glutamate. PMID- 814783 TI - Osmotically induced changes of cell spaces in Neisseria meningitidis competence variants. AB - The volume of the whole cell and the fraction of the intact cell bounded by the cytoplasmic membrane (protoplast volume) have been measured by dextran and 14C sucrose exclusion spaces in Neisseria meningitidis competence variants. Increase in external osmotic pressure causes contraction of the protoplast volume. Increasing osmolality due to NaCl and MgCl2 also causes contraction of the volume of the whole cell, whereas increasing concentrations of sucrose cause little or no change in the whole cell volume. The experiments demonstrate a significant difference between competent (cp+) and incompetent (cp-) cells. The cp+ protoplast have a far higher capacity for swelling during decreasing osmolality, and for shrinkage during increasing osmolality. Comparison of spheroplasts obtained by autolysis as well as by the penicillin technique indicates that the average cp+ spheroplast is larger than the average cp- one. The significance of the difference in structure of cp+ and cp- protoplasts has been discussed. PMID- 814782 TI - Pyridine nucleotide independent oxidation of L-malate in genus Neisseria. AB - In cell free extract from Neisseria meningitidis an enzyme has been found which catalyses the oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate in the absence of pyridine nucleotides, using ferricyanide as electron acceptor. The enzyme was found to be particle-bound, as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Activity corresponding to this enzyme was demonstrated in extracts from all strains tested of selected Neisseria species. In contrast to the large differences in NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase activity among the species, the interspecies variation of the pyridine nucleotide independent oxidation of malate was not sufficiently distinct to be useful for classification purposes. PMID- 814784 TI - Effects of exposure to high and low osmotic pressure upon Neisseria meningitidis transformation. AB - Transformation efficiency in competent variants of the Neisseria meningitidis Strain M1 increased more than three-fold after exposure of the recipient cells to approximately 35 atmospheres osmotic pressure for 20 min. Growth of the recipient cells at increased osmotic pressure contantly reduced the transformation efficiency. Exposure of the cells to hypotonic conditions reduced transformability significantly and attempts to restore transformability by means of supernatant solutions from competent cultures were unsuccessful. Incompetent variants of the Strain M1 could not be rendered competent by exposure to increased tonicity. The findings have been discussed in relation to the effects of tonicity variation on N. meningitidis competence variants. PMID- 814785 TI - Multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in Microtus agrestis (field vole). AB - The multiplication of bacteria is examined by quantitative culture from the organs of two groups of field voles injected intraperitoneally with a large dose of M. tuberculosis or a small dose of M. bovis and killed at intervals during a period of up to 3 months after the injection. M. tuberculosis given in a dose of 7 X 10(5) viable units did not multiply, or multiplied only to a small extent. None of the animals in the group died from tuberculosis and the macroscopical lesions found at autopsy were insignificant. In contrast, a dose of 14 viable units of M. bovis provoked generalized tuberculosis running a rapid, fatal course. The bacteria multiplied almost uninhibited throughout the course of the infection. PMID- 814786 TI - Radiorespirometric studies in genus Neisseria. 3. The catabolism of pyruvate and acetate. AB - The catabolism of pyruvate and acetate is selected Neisseria species was studied by radiorespirometry. Both substrates were oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. N. elongata and the "false neisserias" (N. catarrhalis, N. ovis and N. caviae) did oxidize acetate in the absence of other substrates. This can be explained if it is assumed that these species have glyoxylic acid cycle activity. In the "true neisserias" other than N. elongata, acetate was oxidized only in the presence of glutamate, indicating that these species do not possess a glyoxylic acid cycle. PMID- 814787 TI - Persistent organochlorinated compounds in human organs collected in Denmark 1972 73. PMID- 814788 TI - Sterilization by means of ethylene oxide. PMID- 814789 TI - Differences between sterilization at hospitals and in industry. PMID- 814790 TI - Sterilization by means of dry heat and disinfection by means of toxic gases as performed at hospitals. PMID- 814791 TI - Intraphrenic esophageal leiomyoma associated with diverticula preoperatively diagnosed by angiography. AB - Two cases of esophageal leiomyoma associated with diverticulum are described. Angiography demonstrated an intraphrenic location. PMID- 814792 TI - [Dynamics of multiplication and changes in the virulence of various pathogenic microorganisms in milk and milk products]. PMID- 814793 TI - [Virulence and polysaccharides of brucella]. PMID- 814794 TI - The ongoing problems of hospital infections. PMID- 814795 TI - Inheritable disorders of bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 814796 TI - Perspectives in complex partial seizures. PMID- 814797 TI - Initiation and propagation of epileptogenic foci. PMID- 814798 TI - The differential diagnosis of partial seizures with complex symptomatology. PMID- 814799 TI - Physiology of the limbic system. PMID- 814802 TI - Issues in benefit-cost analyses of the vocational rehabilitation program. PMID- 814801 TI - [Cast compensator devices for high-energy irradiation (telecobaltherapy- electrontherapy]. PMID- 814800 TI - Neurological aspects of hallucinogenic drugs. PMID- 814804 TI - Effects of a low-protein diet during pregnancy of the rhesus monkey I. Reproductive efficiency. AB - Pregnant rhesus monkeys were fed a control diet of modified cow's milk or an experimental diet containing only 25% as much as protein but made isocaloric with supplemental lactose. The ad libitum consumption of the control and experimental diets provided about 2 and 0.5 g of protein/kg of body weight per day, respectively. Total volume and energy consumption of control and experimental animals were generally comparable per kilogram of body weight, with groups showing a reduction in intake of about 20% during the latter part of pregnancy. Control females gained an average of 1.3 kg during pregnancy compared to 0.02 kg by the monkeys fed the low-protein diet. One of 15 infants born to control animals died shortly after birth; eight of 16 pregnancies in animals on the low protein diet resulted in maternal and fetal death, stillbirth, or death in the newborn period. The birth weight of full term infants from mothers fed the low protein diet was depressed by about 15%, and fetal linear growth was affected very little, but fetal and perinatal survival were low. We conclude that growth measurements of the newborn infants were relatively insensitive indices of the severity of the maternal nutritional deficiency and of the prognosis for the infant. PMID- 814803 TI - Relationship between Intralipid-induced hyperlipemia and pulmonary function. AB - One unit (500 ml) of 10% Intralipid (an intravenous soy bean oil-egg yolk lecithin preparation) was infused into 20 normal subjects over 4 hr. Serum triglyceride concentration and plasma optic density (at 700 nm) increased to maximal levels of 339 +/- 102 mg/100 ml and 1.14 +/- 0.41, respectively, at the completion of the infusion, and returned to basal levels in most subjects within 4 hr. Pulmonary membrane diffusion was decreased in six subjects at rest and with exercise at 25 and 50% maximum oxygen uptake. Only one subject showed a minor change in PO2 and none showed clinical signs of ischemia. The changes in pulmonary diffusion reverted to basal levels when serum lipids were cleared. Heparin (60 IU/kg) prevented the marked increase in serum lipids and, as a consequence, the changes in pulmonary function. Changes in pulmonary function from Intralipid-induced lipemia are similar to those known to result from diet induced lipemia. The findings suggest that in the presence of normal vasculature and pulmonary function, Intralipid-induced lipemia should cause no clinical consequences. However, patients with preexisting pulmonary or vascular disease may be at greater risk after Intralipid-induced lipemia. PMID- 814806 TI - Letter: Blood bank survey. PMID- 814805 TI - Zinc deficiency in two infants during total parenteral alimentation for diarrhea. AB - Zinc deficiency was observed in two infants receiving total parenteral alimentation for chronic diarrhea. An acrodermatitis enteropathica-like rash occurred in both of the infants. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the rash. Treatment with zinc resulted in rapid cure of the rash and a subsidence of other signs consistent with zinc deficiency. PMID- 814807 TI - Neisseria lactamica meningitis. AB - Neisseria lactamica was recovered from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of a 7 month-old girl with acute purulent meningitis. The isolate was identified initially as N meningitidis. However, additional biochemical testing at the Center for Disease Control showed that the organism fermented lactose and produced beta-D-galactosidase, thereby confirming its identity as N lactamica. PMID- 814808 TI - An influenza simulation model for immunization studies. AB - A stochastic simulation epidemic model based on discrete time intervals and appropriate for any infectious agent spread by person-to-person contacts is presented. The population is highly structured, allowing for five age groups and for subgrouping mixing in families, neighborhoods, schools, and preschool playgroups as well as total community mixing. With proper choice of relative susceptibility by age, length of latency and infectivity periods, pathogenicity and withdrawal patterns, and the relative infectiousness of silent infections, the model becomes highly agent-specific. The model includes flexible immunization routines and variable vaccine response patterns. The model is applied to the 1957 Asian and 1968 Hong Kong pandemic strains of influenza A. The results of several schedules of immunization of school children are presented and compared for the two strains. PMID- 814809 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Mississippi: survey for spotted fever antibodies in dogs and for spotted fever group reckettsiae in dog ticks. AB - During epidemiologic studies of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Mississippi in 1973, dogs were surveyed for antibodies tp spotted fever group antigens and for tick parasites infected with rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. Fifty-three (46%) of 116 serum samples had complement-fixing antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:8 as compared to only one (5%) of 21 samples from a group of dogs obtained from metropolitan Chicage. Fifty-two per cent of the dogs tested from Mississippi had microagglutinating antibodies titers greater than or equal to 1:8; 9% of dogs from Chicago had similar titers. Rickettsia rickettsii was demonstrated in only one (0.8%) of 129 Dermacentor variabilis removed from Mississippi dogs. Quite unexpectedly, 167 (18.9%) of 884 Rhipicephalus sanguineus taken from these dogs contained spotted fever group rickettsiae. PMID- 814810 TI - Nonketotic diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? AB - Ninety-five nonobese, nonketotic subjects were divided into five groups (one normal and four with varying degrees of glucose intolerance) according to their plasma glucose responses during an oral glucose tolerance test. These five groups were then compared on the basis of their insulin response during the oral glucose tolerance test and on the ability of exogenously infused insulin to limit hyperglycemia during a continuous infusion of glucose and insulin, while endogenous insulin was inhibited by the infusion of epinephrine and propranolol. The mean plasma insulin response of patients with either borderline abnormalities of glucose tolerance or chemical diabetes was equal to or greater than that of normal subjects at all points during the glucose tolerance test. Thus, the glucose tolerance of these two patient groups cannot be attributed to lack of insulin. On the other hand, the mean insulin response of patients with moderate fasting hyperglycemia (plasma glucose of 110 to 150 mg/100 ml) was somewhat attenuated, and patients with severe fasting hyperglycemia (plasma glucose greater than 150 mg/100 ml) had unequivocal insulin deficiency. In contrast, all four patient groups with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were more resistant than normal subjects to the action of insulin. These results indicate that there is a very complex relationship between insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in patients currently classified as having nonketotic diabetes. Patients with either borderline abnormal glucose tolerance or chemical diabetes are more resistant to insulin than normal subjects, and are not insulin deficient. In these patients it seems reasonable to assume that their glucose intolerance is a direct function of their insulin resistance. Patients with severe fasting hyperglycemia are suffering from both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, and the relationship between these two variables in the genesis of hyperglycemia in these subjects remains obscure. It seems apparent from these studies that nonketotic diabetes mellitus can no longer be considered to be a simple function of insulin lack, and that in order to understand this syndrome we will need to increase our knowledge of the relationship between insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in these patients. PMID- 814811 TI - Circulating immunoglobulin complexes in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - Two cases of Wegener's granulomatosis are reported in which circulating immunoglobulin complexes detected during the active phase of the disease disappeared during induction of remissions of active pulmonary and renal disease by immunosuppressive agents. Elevated antiglobulin activity, urinary immunoglobulin L-chain concentration and evidence of activated coagulation mechanisms were also present during active disease, and returned toward normal with treatment. Studies showed that the serum complexes did not contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and demonstrated their immunoglobulin nature. Serum complement concentrations were normal, and no cryoglobulins were present. Immunofluorescent staining and electron microscopy of the kidney biopsy specimen of one patient showed marked fibrin deposition but no immunoglobulin or antigen antibody deposits. Although the role of circulating immunoglobulin complexes in the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis remains uncertain, serial changes in the described parameters may provide an objective guide to activity of the disease and its response to treatment. PMID- 814812 TI - Manifestations of systemic light chain deposition. AB - In two patients with terminal renal failure, manifestations of disease developed in multiple organ systems. One had a previous diagnosis of multiple myeloma with kappa light chain proteinemia and proteinuria. The other had idiopathic lobular glomerulonephritis. Hepatic and neurologic abnormalities developed in both; in the latter gastrointestinal, cardiac and endocrine disease developed as well. Clinical and pathologic correlations suggest that the retention and tissue deposition of light chains produced the organ dysfunction, inasmuch as free kappa light chain determinants were demonstrated histologically in the clinically affected organs. The deposition in these patients may be an extreme example of a common but previously unrecognized form of plasma cell dyscrasia. PMID- 814813 TI - Some newer concepts of the human intestinal flora. PMID- 814814 TI - Epilepsy: A controllable disease. Part I. Classification and diagnosis of seizures. PMID- 814815 TI - Epilepsy: a controllable disease. Part 2. Drug therapy and nursing care. PMID- 814816 TI - Preventing complications during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 814817 TI - Pathology of orbital bones. The XXXII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. AB - The orbital bones may show nearly all the pathologic changes observed in the skull and in the face. The congenital anomalies in this area are numerous and involve various forms of craniostenoses. Among the benign osseous tumors the osteoma is most frequently encountered in the orbit. Fibrous dysplasia is a tumefaction of indeterminate behavior that often involves the orbit. Osteosarcoma or other malignant neoplasms are rarely seen in this area. Eosinophilic granuloma and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease are tumor-like lesions that may involve the orbit. PMID- 814818 TI - Structural alterations in the ciliary process and the blood-aqueous barrier of the monkey after systemic urea injections. AB - The structural alterations induced in the monkey ciliary epithelium by intravascular injection of urea solutions were studied with the light and electron microscopes. Arterial injection of urea resulted in destruction of the nonpigmented epithelium and the consequent breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. The intravenous injection did not significantly affect the structural integrity of the ciliary epithelium. The intercellular zonulae occludens were not altered and the intercellular pathway from blood to posterior chamber remained closed to horseradish peroxidase. Intercellular uptake in large cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared to account for some late transport to the basal end of the nonpigmented epithelium. There was no comparable transport of peroxidase in vesicles or vacuoles through the nonpigmented epithelium in animals not subjected to intravenous urea treatment. Compared to the arterial route, intravenous administration of urea does not appear to pose a serious threat to the integrity of the ciliary epithelium. PMID- 814820 TI - Effect of aging on bone mass in adult women. AB - Total-body calcium was measured in 40 adult women by total-body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA). Procedures for normalizing the absolute calcium measurements for the parameters of size and age were developed in order to effect a direct comparison of women of age 30-78 yr. The normal total-body calcium (TBCa) for an individual can be predicted by a formula developed in the present study to within +/- 11% (1.62 SD) at the 90% confidence level. The TBCa loss can be characterized by two components: one with a slower rate, 0.37%/yr, and the other with a faster rate, 1.08%/yr. The latter, a more rapid postmenopausal loss, started at 50-60 yr and was superimposed on the slower rate of loss that started in the fourth decade and continued throughout life. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius, measured by the absorptiometric technique, correlated well with the total-body skeletal calcium in this population (r = 0.813, P less than .001). However, for intercomparisons of the BMC values of individuals, normalization of the BMC values for size and age is required, as it is for the TBCa data. Normalization provided by the ratio of BMC to radius width is not adequate for comparative studies. PMID- 814819 TI - Valve implants in filtering surgery. AB - A valve implant for glaucoma incorporated upper and lower intraocular pressure limits for outflow. The device consisted of an open Supramid tube sealed to a Silastic tube with a slit valve. The valve implants had opening pressures of 11 to 16 mm Hg and closing pressures 1 to 3 mm Hg lower. A surgical technique was developed in monkey eyes and applied later in modified form to three patients with glaucoma. In four of seven monkey eyes the implants remained in place and were patent for over one year. Follow-up studies were carried out for over six months in the three patients. In two patients the valve implants were functioning with controlled intraocular pressures. In one patient the implant migrated posteriorly. This was replaced by using a new valve and a buried fixation suture and has since functioned without problem. The valve implants were well tolerated and offered possibilities for predictable intraocular pressures after glaucoma surgery. PMID- 814821 TI - Cholecystokinin-decreased food intake in rhesus monkeys. AB - Five rhesus monkeys were infused intravenously with partially purified cholecystokinin (CCK) Just prior to a test meal of solid food after overnight food deprivation; CCK produced large, rapid, dose related suppressions of feeding. The lowest dose tested (5 Ivy U/kg body wt) produced a significant inhibition of food intake (26% suppression, P less than 0.05). Equivalent infusions of partially purified CCK or the synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of CCK (a pure fragment with all the biological activity of the full molecule) produced equivalent suppressions. In a second experiment, gastric preloads of a potent releaser of endogenous CCK, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), and a weak releaser, D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) were compared for their relative abilities to suppress food intake at a test meal in nine rhesus monkeys after overnight deprivation. L Phenylalanine produced large, rapid, dose-related suppressions of feeding, but D Phe did not. The threshold dose of L-Phe was 0.5 g/kg (32% suppression, P less than 0.01). Neither CCK nor L-Phe caused signs of illness in these experiments. The results demonstrate that intravenous exogenous CCK suppresses feeding in rhesus monkeys and suggest that endogenous CCK has the same effect; they are consistent with the hypothesis that CCK is a satiety signal. PMID- 814822 TI - Antidiuretic peptide in mammalian choroid plexus. AB - Lyophilized bovine, porcine, and human choroid plexuses contain .02-.09 U of antidiuretic activity per milligram. The antidiuretic factor in bovine choroid plexus was concentrated 100 times by extraction with acetic acid, fractional precipitation with acetone and ethyl ether, gel filtration, and paper chromatography. Resulting choroid plexus fraction IIgammaB2 was eluted from Sephadex G-25 in position corresponding to molecular weight between 750 and 3,500; its antidiuretic activity was destroyed by trypsin, performic acid, and thioglycollic acid, but was not affected by leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A or B, or cyanogen bromide. HgammaB2 possesses antidiuretic, pressor, and oxytocic potencies (measured in anesthetized-hydrated rat, anesthetized rat, and isolated rat uterus, respectively) of 1.9, 0.5, and 0.1 U/mg, respectively. PMID- 814823 TI - The worth of a screening program: an application of a statistical decision model for the benefit evaluation of screening projects. AB - A statistical decision model is applied to the benefit evaluation of screening projects to derive an expression which provides upper and lower limits for average benefits in terms of prevalance rates of screen positives and negatives, and the average cost of screening and referral. Possible applications of such a technique are discussed and a numerical example is given. PMID- 814824 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis with parental alimentation. AB - From July 1971 to March 1975, elevan infants receiving total or partial parenteral alimentation at the University of Florida showed histologic evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis. The clinical records of these patients have been examined. These infants were critically ill and had protracted hospital courses with only two survivors. Liver biopsies demonstrated marked cholestasis with some fibrosis and thickening of the limiting membrane of the hepatocyte. In those patients in whom serial liver biopsies were obtained, hepatic histology returned toward normal, paralleling improvement in liver function studies, as intravenous alimentation was discontinued. Careful monitoring of the liver function tests is essential to detect this progressive abnormality as early as possible and discontinue intravenous alimentation. Follow-up as long as two and a half years in the two surviving patients has demonstrated no chronic dysfunction. PMID- 814825 TI - Effect of parenteral nutrition on body composition in the critically ill patient. AB - The efficacy of intravenous hyperalimentation in the critically ill patient was evaluated by body composition measurements performed with a multiple isotope dilution technic. The size of the body cell mass was evaluated by measuring the total exchangeable potassium and the intracellular water volume. The total exchangeable sodium and the extracellular water volume were both measured to evaluate the extracellular supporting component of body composition. These measurements were performed in two groups of severely ill patients who were in a chronic catabolic state. The first group of sixteen patients received intravenous hyperalimentation and the second group of eighteen patients served as controls in that they were not hyperalimented. Similar measurements were performed in sixteen normal volunteers to define the normal range for the various body composition parameters. In the nonalimented patients, there was a significant decrease in the body cell mass accompanied by an expansion of the extracellular supporting component of body composition. Similar changes occurred in the patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. However, the magnitude of these changes was not great. Thus, intravenous hyperalimentation tended to preserve the body cell mass and prevent expansion of the extracellular component of body composition. PMID- 814827 TI - [Determination of gonadotropic function in ontogenesis]. PMID- 814826 TI - Hyperalimentation in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The effect of total parenteral nutrition on a group of thirty-four patients with inflammatory bowel disease over the past three and a half years was reviewed. Only patients in whom medical management had failed were included. Patients in whom the decision for surgery had been made and who were treated with total parenteral nutrition in an effort to prepare them for surgery were excluded. Of the group with Crohn's disease, those patients with small bowel involvement appeared to fare best; surgery was avoided in approximately 70 per cent of these admissions. Crohn's disease with colonic involvement had a less favorable prognosis, and 43 per cent of these patients underwent operation. Parenteral nutrition does not appear to affect the course of ulcerative colitis, as almost all patients in the group were treated by colectomy. PMID- 814829 TI - [Antenatal determination of the fetal Rh-factor from amniotic fluid cells]. PMID- 814828 TI - [The antenatal diagnosis of hemolytic diseases of the fetus, based on the determination of optic density of the amniotic fluid and on the choice of delivery time]. PMID- 814830 TI - [Dynamics of microcirculation in pregnant women and newborn infants with Rh factor incompatibility]. PMID- 814831 TI - [Alloplasty of the skin in the complex treatment of pregnant women with Rh immunization]. PMID- 814832 TI - [Miscarriage and fetal malformations in immunologic incompatibility through the Rh-factor and ABO system]. PMID- 814833 TI - [Complement activity of blood serum and Rh-isosensitization]. PMID- 814834 TI - [Management of pregnancy in women with isoantigenic incompatibility by the Rh factor]. PMID- 814835 TI - [Quantitative values for immunoglobulins G, A and M in women with prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 814836 TI - [Limitation of prolonged nasotracheal intubation (author's transl)]. AB - The debate concerning the relative merits of about prolonged nasal intubation or tracheostomy on adult patients continues. We had only very positive experiences in our intensive care unit describing 7 patients in whom the average duration of nasal intubation was 28,7 days (Range 26 to 33 days). All patients had a regularly weekly bronchoscopy to avoid any damage to the larynx or trachea. PMID- 814837 TI - [Administration of glucose 33 p.c. with added high doses of insulin within a scheme of early total parenteral alimentation to patients with shock-related excessive caloric demand (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients, who had been admitted to the ICU in a stage of shock were given glucose 33 p.c. with added high doses of insulin, administered within a scheme of early total parenteral alimentation, along with fat emulsions and aminoacid solutions. It is demonstrated that this type of nutrition is able to improve metabolisation of glucose in a phase of impaired glucose utilisation following shock. The duration of reduced glucose utilisation is 5-10 days during which period increased addition of insulin (24-18 U insulin/50 g glucose) is advisable. After this time the action of endogenous insulin was improved to such an extent that the added insulin could be reduced to 12 U insulin/50 g glucose up to the third week and later (up to 49 days) to 8 U insulin/50 g glucose. PMID- 814838 TI - The Guillain-Barre syndrome in intensive care. PMID- 814839 TI - Discrepancy in the mobility of a protein of phage phi29 in 2 different SDS polyacrylamide-gel systems. PMID- 814840 TI - A sensitive radioactive method for determination of glutamine. PMID- 814841 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of prostaglandins F2alpha, E2, and D2 from in vitro enzyme incubations. PMID- 814842 TI - Aqueous phase high speed liquid chromatographic separation and atomic absorption detection of amino carboxylic acid--copper chelates. PMID- 814843 TI - Ultrastructure of baboon parotid gland. AB - The parotid gland of the olive baboon, Papio anubis, was examined by electron microscopy. The acini are all serous in nature, and consist of pyramidal cells with abundant secretory granules of varying size. These granules consist of a dense matrix in which a denser spherule or lenticular body is present. Granules linked by a short isthmus are observed in the apical cytoplasm, and granules in the process of discharging their contents to the acinar lumen may be connected to the luminal plasma membrane by a neck-like protrusion. Intercalated duct cells contain granules reminiscent of those found in the rat submandibular acinar cells. The striated ducts consist of tall cells interlocked in a complex fashion near their bases, with numerous vertically-oriented mitochondria lodged in their basal crenulations. Small vesicles whose contents vary in density are present in the apical cytoplasm as are large deposits of lipofuscin. The striated duct cells display a proclivity for ballooning into the duct lumen. Excretory ducts consist of simple to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and lack basal striations or apical blebs. PMID- 814844 TI - Synthetic applications of heteroaromatic betaines with six-membered rings. PMID- 814845 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin as an example of a light-driven proton pump. PMID- 814846 TI - Optical inducation during biomimetic formation of cysteine. PMID- 814847 TI - Biomimetic polyene cyclizations. PMID- 814848 TI - Cervical retraction of the maxillae in the Macaca mulatta monkey using heavy orthopedic force. AB - Heavy, interupted orthopedic forces were employed for the cervical retraction of the maxillae in two Macaca mulatta monkeys. The nature, location and magnitude of resultant movements and remodelling were studied with the help of plaster casts, amalgam implants, lateral cephalometric tracings, and of gross and microscopic study of the skulls themselves. The principal effect of the retractive force was a marked downward and backward rotational movement of the maxillae which carried the maxillary teeth into posterior crossbite and a severe Class III molar relationship. Posterior movement of the tuberosity entirely closed the pterygomaxillary fissure so that the tuberosity impinged upon the pterygoid plates. Like the maxillae, the mandible, premaxilla, and nasal boned also moved downward and backward. These changes increased the vertical dimension of the face and diminished it horizontally leaving a flattened facial profile from the nasal opening to the maxillary incisors. Movement of facial elements posteriorly against an unhielding anterior cranial base imposed a number of other compensatory changes. These included generalized resorption at the craniofacial sutures and sliding of the sutures upon each other. They also involved mutual resorption of the maxillary tuberosity and of the pterygoid plates together with remodelling and lateral extension of the malar bones. Tolerance of the animals and of the localized tissues for these intensive forces suggests a significant role for this form of therapy. Clinical application, however, should be tempered by judicious concern for the vital structures of the pterygomaxillary fissure which could be impinged or strangulated by excessive retrusive force. PMID- 814849 TI - Radiation therapy of midline granuloma. AB - During a 15-year period, 10 patients with well-documented midline granuloma were treated with high-dose, deep local irradiation and followed for extended periods of time. Long-term remissions were achieved in 7 patients, with a mean (+/- SEM) survival postirradiation of 7.4 (+/- 1.4) years in the 6 patients still alive. True midline granuloma, which is a localized, destructive, inflammatory process of the upper airways, can be distinguished from Wegener's granulomatosis and neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract by several clinicopathologic criteria. The cause of midline granuloma is unknown, but it most likely represents an abnormal accelerated hypersensitivity reaction to an unknown antigen(s). Although serious complications of high-dose local irradiation to the upper airways can occur, the risk is warranted because of the high, long-term remission rate in this previously uniformly fatal disease. PMID- 814850 TI - Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Recommendation of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Center for Disease Control, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. AB - Polysaccharide vaccines against diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C meningococci are now licensed in the United States. They are prepared as monovalent and as bivalent antigens. This statement summarizes available information on these antigen and offers guidance regarding their role in the control of epidemics of meningococcal disease in the civilian population of the U. S. PMID- 814851 TI - A behavioral framework for the study of human disease. AB - A frame of reference for studying human disease is presented. An individual's social behavior serves as the orienting theme. Special forms of social behavior are in effect what tie an individual to his physical and social space, and alterations here can lead to disease. Causes of disease can thus be linked to behaviors of the individual. Although associated with basic changes in the psysiologies and chemistries of the individual, disease invariably comes to affect the individual's behavior and adaptation. Different ways in which such behavioral changes can be conceptualized are discussed. The individual relies on these behavioral changes as the data for evaluating his disease and deciding about medical treatment. A model of how an individual processes information about illness and makes decisions designed to alleviate his condition is presented. Finally, the rationale and value of keeping behavior and adaptation in mind when studying disease are discussed. PMID- 814852 TI - Health care 1976: Costs and consequences. PMID- 814853 TI - [Study of the vertical transmission and horizontal transmission of "Drosophila melanogaster" and "Drosophila immigrans" picornavirus (author's transl)]. AB - The contamination of drosophila eggs, of larvae of the 3 instars and of adults, was studied using several strains of P and C viruses of D. melanogaster and of iota virus of D. immigrans. The infected adults contaminated other flies if they were rich in viral particles and if the contact was long enough. Infection of the adults occurred in the presence of concentrated viral suspensions. The larvae were easily infected when they grew in contaminated media; the more sensitive stage was the first instar. Transovarian transmission was observed only in naturally infected flies propagating viruses of serotype I or III. C viruses were not hereditarily transmitted. Persistence of the Picornaviruses of drosophila populations can be explained by the additive effects of the 3 mechanisms of contamination. PMID- 814854 TI - Analysis of human serum proteins by molecular weight dependent acrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - The technique of acrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate treated protein mixtures has been applied to the analysis of human serum proteins in the 70,000 to 250,000 molecular weight range. After staining, the bands are well defined, the molecular weight is defined and, hence, the identity of each can be estimated from the migration distance. In ambiguous cases, the identification of a band is confirmed by an independent method. The procedure is particularly valuable in the study of the gammopathies. The immunoglobulins migrate as expected, in contrast to the problems often encountered in the Ornstein-Davis gel method. Furthermore, light chains migrate more rapidly, are well separated from other serum proteins and, therefore, are readily detected. Paraproteins from three patients with documented gammopathies have been studied and characterized using this method. PMID- 814855 TI - Preclinical safety testing of new drugs. AB - Preclinical safety testing is one important step in the development of new medicines. The requirements of such testing are the subject of government regulations and may vary in details, but not in general principles, in different countries around the world. The approach to preclinical safety testing of new drugs is multidisciplinary and requires the expertise of members from many different fields of science. The procedures described are guidelines rather than fixed protocols; they are subject to modifications according to the specific phamracological nature of the drug to be tested and also to the preference of the individual investigator. Under certain circumstances, special studies are necessary, such as electron microscopy, histochemistry, radioautography, and cytogenetics,--just to name a few. Routine studies for the safety assessment of new drugs include: (1) acute studies, (2) multiple-dose studies including carcinogenicity tests, (3) studies of fertility and general reproductive performance, (4) teratology studies, (5) perinatal and postnatal studies, (6) multiple-generation studies and (7) irritation studies. PMID- 814856 TI - [TSH responses to TRH in the addisonians (author's transl)]. AB - After the administration of TRH the hyperresponse of TSH was observed in the non treated addisonians and the normal response in the treated addisonians. These reulsts are inverted to those found in the patients of hyperadrenocorticism or treated with corticoid. This hyperresponse of TSH to TRH is due to the lack of corticoid and makes us suppose that the corticoid controls the TRH-TSH system as well as the CRF-ACTH system. PMID- 814857 TI - Drug metabolism and hepatic heme proteins in the vitamin E-deficient rat. PMID- 814858 TI - Histochemical findings in different types of malignant melanoma: biological and clinical significance. AB - By means of histochemical methods (gel-film incubation-media) superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma are investigated. The result of this examination is that with regard to their enzyme spectra, the nodular melanoma and the nodular part of the superficial spreading melanoma are very similar. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows the strongest enzyme reaction, followed by succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction is always weak. The reaction of acid phosphatase is between negative and weakly positive. Significant differences, however, are observed in lentigo maligna and in lentigo maligna melanoma. In both, the strongest formazan deposits are seen with succinate dehydrogenase, sometimes also with lactate dehydrogenase. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, however, is sometimes considerably weaker. In the case of lentigo maligna melanoma, the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase often is increased, and acid phosphatase also shows higher reactions than in the other melanomas. These differences in the enzyme pattern correspond to the different biological behavior of the tumours. The enzymatical and biological characteristics of lentigo maligna melanoma possibly derive more from the characteristics of the tumour itself which are not dependent on the area. PMID- 814859 TI - The tyrosinases of normal and diseased human skin (naevi, malignant melanoma, vitiligo). AB - Extracts of healthy and diseased skin in vitiligo, naevi and malignant melanoma were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel. Melanin bands were visualized on the gel by Dopa reaction. The tyrosinases found in malignant melanoma were also present in naevocellular naevi. Additional dopa melanin bands were observed. Some bands which were not related to the presence of melanocytes varied with the level of the melanogenetic activity in the individual patients. PMID- 814860 TI - [Study of sinus node function. Preliminary results]. AB - Direct exploration of the sinus node remains experimental. Indirect techniques have been put forward to assess the sinus function in man: high frequency atrial pacing; premature atrial pacing; pharmacodynamic tests using atropin and isoproterenol injection. 68 patients were so explored: in 10 of them were ECG signs suggestive of "sinus disease" or "atrium disease" (group I); 14 subjects had only a sinus bradycardia with a rate of 55/mn or below (group II); in 16 cases, the ECG tracing was normal, but there was the notion of paroxysmal tachycardia or various disturbances (group IIIa); finally, in 28 cases the ECG demonstrated atrio-ventricular or inter-ventricular conduction disturbances (group IIIb). The preliminary results reported here should be interpreted carefully; nevertheless, correlation of the data obtained by the various techniques used, seems to be able to allow a correct assessment of sinus automatism, and of sino-atrial conduction. PMID- 814861 TI - [Recording of conduction tissue potentials in intraventricular conduction disorders. (apropos of 147 patients)]. AB - 147 patients, 31 controls and 116 patients with intraventricular conduction disturbances, have been submitted to an endocardial investigation: HR lengthening in case of bundle-branch block indicates a low diffusion of the conduction disturbances and has a pejorative signification. The most important legthenings of this interval have been observed in the cases with delay in the common trunk of His bundle: -- In case of trunkular delay, 66% of the patients have a HR interval longer than 80 msec, and the average value of HR is 82 msec. -- In the absence of obvious trunkular delay, 8% of the patients only have a HR interval longer than 80 msec, with an average value of 67 msec. For these latter patients no branch potential was recorded. -- In some cases one is certain of the presence of a conduction disturbance of both branches and the HR value then never exceeded 60 msec. -- Branch potential recording makes it possible to determine the site of the conduction disturbance of the branch and show mild variations of the HR interval and of both components. PMID- 814862 TI - [Study of interventricular septal defects with equal aortic and pulmonary artery pressures. Classification by clinical and computer methods of 70 cases]. AB - Application of various methods of classification to a group of 70 cases of ventricular septal defect with high pulmonary artery hypertension allowed a comparative study between the various methods aiming at distinguishing the forms with low from high pulmonary artery resistance. The reference clinical classification provides supplementary informations derived from the natural or post-operative course and eventually from the microscopic examination. The first automatic classification relies on the study of a single criterion: the pulmonary arteriolar resistance and the systemic resistance ratio. A second classification is based on the attribution of points to some clinical or haemodynamic signs resulting in a score orienting the classification of every individual. Multifactorial analysis methods deal with all the available informations for the overall group, and suppose the use of a computer. The informatic methods make it possible to study the classifying value of every sign. Correlations were established between these various techniques and the medical classification. PMID- 814863 TI - [Physical training in patients with coronary insufficiency. 2 year report of 2 center's activities]. AB - One hundred and twenty patients went through a complete cycle of physical training. Eighty seven of them were recovering from recent myocardial infarction, eighteen had angina pectoris and fifteen were recovering from operation of aorta to-coronary by-pass. Physical training was considered to be contra-indicated in the presence of evolutive angina pectoris, obvious signs of cardiac failure and a voluminous ventricular wall aneurysm. Severity of the anginal pains and intensity of the coronary artery lesions were not contra-indications. In all the cases, there was a decrease of the number and intensity of the pains while the extent of physical performance increased. The psychological effect was remarkable. Comparison between the maximal exercise tests before and after re-education showed an improvement of the cardio-circulatory function, as evidenced by a decreased cardiac rate, of the blood pressure and of the degree of the downward displacement of the ST segment for efforts of equal intensity. PMID- 814864 TI - [Effects of post-infarct physical training on physical fitness and cardio circulatory adaptation to effort]. AB - In fifteen patients recovering from a myocardial infarction dating of at least three months, examined at rest or during a submaximal exercise, various circulatory (cardiac rate, blood pressure, cardiac output...) and ventricular parameters (oxygen consumption, ventilation per minute) both before and after a program of physical training for a period of six to eight weeks. The benefit of readaptation was judged on the increased work capacity (VO2max increase of 24.6%) and the improvement of cardio-circulatory adaptation during a submaximal exercise: reduction of the cardiac rate by 11%, of Katz's index by 12.6%, of the cardiac output by 5.8% and of the left ventricular work by 8.8%. This cardiac thrift at the origin of the increase of physical aptitude is essentially due to a better peripheral circulation adaptation to exercise, as indicated by the increased oxygen arterio-ventout difference by 11.4%. PMID- 814865 TI - [Bidimensional and direct visualization of the heart by multiple element echocardiography]. AB - Multiple element echography permits a direct visualization of heart sections. In congenital heart diseases, an accurate anatomical diagnosis is often possible. In valvular heart diseases, visualization of the valvular movements and measurement of haemodynamic repercussions over the other cardiac structures makes it possible to assess the severity of the lesion. The overall function of the heart may also be assessed as well on the basis of measurement of the size of the heart, and above all through analysis of valvular movements and the left ventricular wall kinaetics, an information analogous to that obtained by cineangiocardiography. A quantitative study of the left ventricular function by measurement of the systolic and diastolic volumes is still in the experimental stage. A different method of recording and the use of a large single cristal allow a better resolution of the picture of conventional echography, but technical progress might be foreseen in multiple element echography. PMID- 814866 TI - [Coronary emboli in mitral stenosis]. AB - Study of four personal cases and of twelve cases reported in the literature makes it possible to describe the characteristics of coronary embolism in mitral stenosis, a rare complication but indicating the presence of a left intra-atrial thrombosis: -- variable clinical picture, dominated by a syndrome combining simultaneously a picture of myocardial infarction and of peripheral arterial emboli of other localizations; -- diagnosis to be discussed within the framework of coronary syndromes in mitral heart disease: embolism requiring to be distinguished from coronary atherosclerosis combined with mitral stenosis, more rarely a functional coronary insufficiency; -- severe course and prognosis: besides the possibility of rapidly lethal cases, coronary embolism seems liable to result in weakening and diminishing of the adaptation possibilities of the left ventricle, responsible for attacks of heart failure after mitral valvulotomy. PMID- 814867 TI - [Treatment of carotid sinus syncope by demand electro-systolic cardiac pacing]. AB - The observations of 2 patients having carotid sinus syncopes treated by temporary (1 case), or definitive (1 case) endovenous demand cardiac pacing are correlated with 15 similar observations found in the literature. In all these patients, cardiac pacing is more effective than all the other treatments cutting off the hyperactive reflex. Indeed, carotid sinus hypersensibility seems to be good, though unusual indication of cardiac pacing. PMID- 814868 TI - [Vascular reflex responses during skeletal muscle contraction in dogs]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the thigh in the anaesthetized dog induces reflex changes of the aortic pressure and of the renal vascular tone. The afferent pathways is located in the somatic nerves of the stimulated limb, the efferent pathways is in the ortosympathetic nerves. Muscle contraction is necessary to activate the receptors, responsible for the reflex increase of the arterial pressure; this contraction is not necessary to activate the receptors responsible for the blood pressure decrease. It is probably that the former receptors play a role in the increase of the sympathetic tone during muscle exercise. PMID- 814869 TI - [Complete atrio-ventricular block caused by tuberculoma of the inter-atrial septum. Histological analysis]. AB - A syndrome of obstacle to the outflow of the left ventricle was found in a woman with atrio-ventricular block with narrow ventricular complexes. A tuberculoma of the intar-atrial septum was responsible both for the obstacle to left ventricular ejection and for the block which was found to be proximal on microscopic examination. PMID- 814870 TI - [Indigenous endomyocardial fibrosis observed in the course of distomatosis]. AB - One case of rapidly lethal endomyocardial fibrosis was observed in a man aged 47 who never left France and suffering from distomatosis. The relationship between this parasitic disease and this "autochtonus" endomyocardial fibrosis are discussed. PMID- 814872 TI - The ultrastructure and development of the colonial sheath of Microcystis marginata. AB - The colonial sheath of Microcystis marginata has a definite structure as seen by light and electron microscopy, consisting of a relatively smooth inner surface and densely packed, long fibrils on the outer surface. The sheath initially forms around the single cell and expands by continual deposition of sheath material to accomodate the synchronously dividing cells of the colony. PMID- 814871 TI - [Metabolic products of microorganisms, 149. Lysolipin I, a new antibiotic from streptomyces violaceoniger (author's transl)]. AB - From the cultures of Streptomyces violaceoniger, strain Tu 96, two new lipophilic antibiotics, Lysolipin I and Lysolipin X were isolated. The latter one is chemically unstable and is easily transformed to Lysolipin I. The deeply yellow Lysolipin I has a molecular formula C29H24CINO11. It was characterized by the ir, uv, H-nmr and 13C-nmr spectra, which make a quinone structure very probable. Lysolipin I is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, enterobacteriae are only inhibited in high dilution, when the membrane permeation is damaged. Lysolipin I acts lytically against bacterial cells. Its activity is decreased by several lipids. The site of action is the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls, an interaction with the carrier lipid for mureine intermediates being probable. PMID- 814873 TI - [Mitomycin and a new phenoxazone pigment from Streptomyces michiganensis. Metabolic products of microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - Streptomyces michiganensis strain Tu 1074, was isolated from a Tunesian soil sample and produces in liquid medium an antibiotic active pigment complex. Besides mitomycin A the separation of this complex yielded a nonactive phenoxazone, which hitherto has not been described in the literature. In contrary to all known phenoxazones from micro-organisms the new compound lacks a 2-amino function. The production of this phenoxazone could be enhanced by optimizing the condtions of fermentation. PMID- 814875 TI - Halophilic-blue-green algae. AB - The isolation of a halophilic blue-green alga, Aphanothece halophytica, from Great Salt Lake is described. The organism was cultured from waters with salinities up to saturated NaC1 (about 30% w/v). It has an optimum salinity for growth of about 16% NaC1, but can grow very slowly even in saturated NaC1. Based on the study of the Great Salt Lake organism, and on a review of the earlier literature, it is concluded that despite recent reports to the contrary, true halophilic blue-green algae do exist. PMID- 814874 TI - Lipoic acid content of Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. AB - A mutant strain of Escherichia coli K-12 requiring lipoic acid. W1485lip 2 (ATCC 25645), was used to develop a turbidimetric assay for lipoic acid and a polarographic assay based on the oxidation of pyruvate by suspensions of lipoic acid-deficient organisms. The turbidmetric assay was more sensitive with a working range equivalent to 0.2-2.0 ng of DL-alpha-lipoic acid compared with 5-50 ng for the polarographic method. The mutant responded equally to racemic mixtures of alpha-lipoic acid, beta-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid but gave little response to lipoamide, and other derivatives without prior hydrolysis; 8 methyllipoic acid was a competitive inhibitor of the response to lipoic acid. A high specificity of the mutant for the natural steroisomer was indicated by the fact that (+)-alpha-lipoic acid had twice the activity of the racemic mixture. Escherichia coli K12 contained less than 0.05 ng of free (+)-alpha-lipoic acid per mg dry weight but, depending on the growth substrate, the equivalent of between 13 and 47 ng of (+)-alpha-lipoic acid per mg dry weight after acid extraction. There was a strong correlation between the lipoic acid content and the sum of the specific activities for the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Experiments with washed suspensions of Escherichia coli showed only small increases in lipoic acid content (18%) when incubated with pyruvate, cysteine and methionine. When supplied with exogenous lipoic acid the mutant, W1485lip2, accumulated very little more than was demanded by its metabolism. The lipoic acid contents of several organisms were measured and correlated with their metabolism. PMID- 814876 TI - The incorporation of nitrogen into products of recent photosynthesis in Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. AB - In vivo tracer studies with 14C have been performed to help determine pathways of incorporation of newly assimilated nitrogen into N2-fixing cells of Anabaena cylindrica. After photosynthesis in Ar: O2:14CO2 for 30 min, the addition of N2 or NH+4 resulted in increased rates of 14CO2-incorporation both in the light and dark, and in increased incorporation of 14C into amino acids at the expense of sucrose and sugar phosphates. Evidence of enhanced sucrose catabolism and increased pyruvate kinase activity was obtained on adding nitrogen, and, of the 14C-labelling entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle, more appeared in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate than in malate and oxaloacetate. The kinetics of 14C-incorporation into various amino acids suggest that in the light and dark the most important route of primary ammonia assimilation involves glutamine synthetase and that glutamate, aspartate, glycine and probably alanine are formed secondarily from glutamine. PMID- 814877 TI - A study of the effects of near UV radiation on the pigmentation of the blue-green alga Gloeocapsa alpicola. AB - The UV survival characteristics of a wild-type and a UV resistant strain of Gloeocapsa alpicola were compared. Except for a higher carotenoid content the resistant strain was similar to the wild-type. However, on exposure to UV radiation the level of carotenoids in the wild-type fell sharply whereas no such decrease occurred in the resistant strain. Growth of cells in diphenylamine and under red and blue light reduced the survival rate. This phenomenon is linked with a reduced carotenoid level in the cell, indicating that they perform an important protective function. PMID- 814878 TI - [Comparative studies on placenta specific proteins in man and subhuman primates (author's transl)]. AB - It is shown that in placentae and partly also in sera from pregnant monkeys (chimpanzee, baboon, rhesus monkey and cynomolgus) proteins occur which are immunochemically related to the human placental specific antigens HPL (human placental locatogen), SP1 (pregnancy specific beta1-glycoprotein), PP5 (placental protein 5) and HSAP (heat stable alkaline phosphatase). The immunochemical and physico-chemical properties of these monkey proteins are compared with those of the corresponding human proteins using gel diffusion test, immuno electrophoresis, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These antigens also have been localized in the tissue of human and monkey (cynomolgus) placentae by the immunofluorescent technique. PMID- 814879 TI - Pulmonary pneumocystosis in nonhuman primates. AB - Pulmonary infection with Pneumocystis carinii was detected in two aged owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and two young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The clinical histories of the owl monkeys were similar and included progressive weight loss, anorexia, failure to thrive, and death. One of the owl monkeys had no concurrent disease, whereas the other had been experimentally inoculated with Treponema pallidum 44 months before death. In both chimpanzees, an underlying myeloproliferative malignant neoplasm was associated with Pneumocystis infection. Pneumocystis organisms were found in alveolar spaces and alveolar lining cells by light and electron microscopy. Pathologic features of these untreated cases and a case in a chimpanzee treated with pentamidine isethionate were similar to those described in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary pneumocystosis associated with death in nonhuman primates. PMID- 814880 TI - [Congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 814881 TI - [Aneurysmectomy as the treatment for refractory tachydardias in patients with ventricular arrhythmias of chagasic etiology]. PMID- 814882 TI - Changes in cortical subarachnoid fluid potassium concentrations during hypoxia. AB - Seventeen rhesus monkeys underwent 20-minute episodes of hypoxia (mean Po2, 18 to 28 mm Hg). In 14 animals that maintained mean blood pressures greater than 60 mm Hg, increases in potassium concentration averaging greater than 1 mEq/liter were observed in the cortical subarachnoid fluid. These changes were reversible with oxygen administration and were usually not associated with morphologic evidence of brain injury. Cisterna magna fluid, sampled in five animals, showed smaller increases in potassium concentration (mean, 0.3 +/- 0.4 mEq/liter). The arteriovenous difference in potassium concentration was consistently positive, suggesting movement of potassium from blood to brain during hypoxia. The amount of potassium accumulation in the cortical subarachnoid fluid was closely related to the severity of the hypoxia. Threshold Po2 levels, below which potassium changes occurred, were estimated at 29 mm Hg for the arterial blood and 20 mm Hg for the jugular venous blood. Massive potassium accumulations in the cortical subarachnoid fluid (greater than 10 mEq/liter) developed in three animals that sustained severe arterial hypotension during hypoxia. PMID- 814883 TI - Biochemical genetics in neurology. PMID- 814884 TI - The pigment epithelium of the monkey. Topographic study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - The pigment epithelium of the normal monkey was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Appearance of microvilli of the cell are demonstrated and compared topographically. The apical surface of the pigment epithelium consists of densely distributed fine microvilli. No thick portion of the villi or the cell borders are seen in normal conditions. The attachment of the epithelium and the outer segment is extremely firm and breakage of the microvilli or outer segments occurs easily in the attempt to separate these two layers. PMID- 814885 TI - Experimental argon laser photocoagulation. II. Effects on the optic disc. AB - Eight monkeys and five humans were subjected to photocoagulation with single argon laser burns of varying intensity on the optic nerve head. Energies greater than 400 milliwatts, 0.2 second and 100 mu spot size consistently caused neural parenchymal damage, even in the absence of heat-generating pigment epithelium. Papillary burns in monkeys and humans created with powers less than 400 mW showed only small, focal submicroscopic areas of degeneration, and were therefore considered relatively safe except for the occasional involvement of critical foveal fibers in which scotomas of disproportionately greater severity than one would expect from the size of the lesion could result. The threshold for toxicity following peripapillary photocoagulation is lower, because the burned pigment epithelium can radiate heat into the adjacent optic nerve fibers. Normal capillaries within the optic nerve were seldom destroyed or occluded, even after high energy densities. In normal vessels, we have found it impossible to create a highly selective lesion without concurrently causing neural damage about the vessel. PMID- 814886 TI - Experimental argon laser photocoagulation. III. Relative dangers of immediate vs delayed retreatment. AB - Monkey retinas were studied histopathologically to assess the relative effects of immediate versus delayed repetitive photocoagulation with the argon laser. Immediate retreatment adds relatively little damage to that created in the retinal nerve fiber layer by the initial photocoagulation. Delayed retreatment increases destruction of all retinal layers, including the nerve fiber layer, and also increases the chance of inducing hemorrhage. When argon laser retreatment of a retinal locus is necessary, it is much safer to do so immediately (within a few hours) rather than after days or weeks. PMID- 814887 TI - [Inner-ear of monkeys under the influence of streptomycin-sulfate (author's transl)]. AB - Eight monkeys were treated with 65 X 150 mg/kg Streptomycine-Sulfate per day given intramuscularly. Their vestibular reactions were investigated several times during and after (up to 7 1/2 months) the medication. Using nystagmography, a decrease of excitability could be realized as long as the drug was given. After the stop of the injections the excitability returned, mostly even up to the normal level. The most reliable vestibular reactions were the vestibular threshold, respectively duration and frequency of the postrotatory nystagmus. Additional medicaiton of Ozothin had some influence on the toxicity of Streptomycine towards the auditory system, but no effect at all regarding the vestibular reactions. PMID- 814889 TI - Studies of the contractile response in the protozoan, Vorticella picta. PMID- 814888 TI - Interaction between marihuana and altitude on a complex behavioral task in baboons. AB - Marihuana, or its principal active ingredient, delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinal (delta9-THC), impairs performance on complex behavioral tasks in animals and man. Although there exists some evidence that altitude-induced hypoxia potentiates the physiological effects of marihuana, the interaction between altitude and marihuana on behavioral tasks has not been established. In the absence of evidence that use of marihuana is less frequent among members of the aviation community than among the general population, it was necessary to evaluate the effects on performance of any interaction between hypoxia and marihuana. Two baboons were trained to perform on a delayed matching-to-sample task at ground level and altitudes of 2438 and 3658 m (8000 and 12000 ft). The animals were orally administered doses of delta9-THC, ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 mg/kg, 2 h prior to experimental sessions at each altitude. No effects on accuracy of matching performance were observed for any of the drug doses or altitudes used. Amount of work output, as measured by number of trials completed and speed of responding, was not affected by delta9-THC at ground level but was markedly reduced by the higher drug doses at the 2438- and 3658-m altitudes. This interaction suggests that the behavioral impairment produced by marihuana can be potentiated by hypoxia. PMID- 814890 TI - Selection for geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster: heritability, degree of dominance, and correlated responses to selection. AB - Selection for geotaxis was carried out with flies from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster; geotactic behavior was measured by means of a Hirsch classification maze. The population was initally almost neutral to gravity, and it responded to both positive (downward) and negative (upward) selection with a realized heritability of about 0.13. Stabilizing selection toward neutral gravity was carried out simultaneously. At generations 6, 9, and 10, all possibly hybrid crosses between pairs of the selected populations were generated and tested. The geotactic scores of hybrids in generations 6 and 9 were not significantly different from the midparent values, while the scores of hybrids in generation 10 deviated significantly from the midparent values in the direction of positive geotaxis. The frequencies of polymorphic inversions declined in every population during selection, but the population under neutral selection seemed to maintain a higher chromosomal polymorphism than those under positive or negative selection. There was no significant depression of productivity, measured as number of progeny, in any population during nine generations of selection. PMID- 814891 TI - Letter: Courtship stimuli in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814892 TI - Letter: Reply: Pheromones vs. wings in Drosophila courtship. PMID- 814893 TI - A genetic marker in the variable region of rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - A previous study [Mole et al. (1971) Biochem. J. 124, 301-318] showed several differences in sequence between the variable (V) regions of rabbit immunoglobulin Aa1 and Aa3 heavy chains. The inheritance of one such difference has been followed in a family of 38 rabbits by a radioautographic peptide-'map' technique and is shown to segregate in a Mendelian fashion. This clearly demonstrates the presence of a genetic marker in the rabbit heavy-chain V region, although the finding that Aa2 and Aa3 heavy chains have identity of sequence in the region studied obscures the relationship of this genetic marker to the a locus. PMID- 814895 TI - Immunological characterization of human liver alpha-D-mannosidase. AB - Antiserum was raised against purified human liver alpha-D-mannosidase B. It precipitated alpha-mannosidases A and B from solution, demonstrating the close structural resemblance of these 2 forms of acidic alpha-mannosidase activity. A continuous enzymically active precipitin line with no spurs was obtained when alpha-mannosidase A and B were placed in adjacent wells on Ouchterlony double diffusion plates. The antiserum precipitated acidic but not neutral alpha mannosidase from an extract of human liver, confirming that the acidic and neutral activities are not closely related. Acidic activity was also precipitated from extracts of human brain, kidney and leucocytes by the antiserum. However, it did not cross-react with bovine acidic alpha-mannosidase activity or with the activity in human plasma that has an optimum pH of 5.5. The two acidic forms of human liver alpha-mannosidase, A and B, are immunologically identical but distinct from neutral alpha-mannosidase and that activity with an optimum pH of 5.5. PMID- 814894 TI - Isoaccepting lysine transfer ribonucleic acid species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa tRNA was treated with iodine, CNBr and N-ethylmaleimide, three thionucleotide-specific reagents. Reaction with iodine resulted in extensive loss of acceptor activity by lysine tRNA, glutamic acid tRNA, glutamine tRNA, serine tRNA and tyrosine tRNA. CNBr treatment resulted in high loss of acceptor ability by lysine tRNA, glutamic acid tRNA and glutamine tRNA. Only the acceptor ability of tyrosine tRNA was inhibited up to 66% by N-ethylmaleimide treatment, a reagent specific for 4-thiouridine. By the combined use of benzoylated DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex columns, lysine tRNA of Ps. aeruginosa was resolved into two isoaccepting species, a major, tRNA Lys1 and a minor, tRNALys1. Co-chromatography of 14C-labelled tRNALys1 and 3H-labelled tRNALys2 on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose at pH 4.5 gave two distinct, non superimposable profiles for the two activity peaks, suggesting that they were separate species. The acceptor activity of these two species was inhibited by about 95% by iodine and CNBr. Both the species showed equal response to codons AAA and AAG and also for poly(A) and poly(A1,G1) suggesting that the anticodon of these species was UUU. Chemical modification of these two species by iodine did not inhibit the coding response. The two species of lysine of Ps. aeruginosa are truly redundant in that they are indistinguishable either by chemical modification or by their coding response. PMID- 814896 TI - A gamma Bence-Jones protein in guinea pigs. AB - 1. The L2C lymphocytic leukaemia in strain-2 guinea pigs is accompanied by a protein in the urine resembling a homogenous immunoglobulin light chain. 2. The amino acid sequence over the first 20 residues demonstrates a close analogy with a human gamma chain of V region subgroup IV. 3. The protein is apparently synthesized by the leukaemic cells and thus represents a monoclonal light chain, i.e. a Bence-Jones protein. PMID- 814898 TI - Interaction of 13C-enriched folate with dihydrofolate reductase studies by carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 814899 TI - Partial sequence of the precursors of immunoglobulin light-chains of different subgroups: evidence that the immunoglobulin variable-region gene is larger than hitherto known. PMID- 814897 TI - The action of hydrogen peroxide on the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by spinach-beet phenolase. AB - Treatment of spinach-beet phenolase with H2O2 under aerobic conditions results in a stimulation of the p-coumaric acid hydroxylation it catalyses, but not the caffeic acid oxidation. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that an oxygenated enzyme species is formed under these conditions. PMID- 814901 TI - Species variations in the N-oxidation of chlorphentermine. PMID- 814900 TI - Ca++-dependent formation of brain adenylate cyclase-protein activator complex. PMID- 814902 TI - Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaEDTA) toxicity--effect of lysosomal stabilizers and labilizers on CaEDTA-induced collagen degradation in the rat. PMID- 814903 TI - Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaEDTA) toxicity--interaction of CaEDTA, cortisol and vitamin A palmitate on lysosomes in vivo in the rat. PMID- 814904 TI - Induction of liver microsomal mixed-function oxidases by volatile hydrocarbons. PMID- 814905 TI - Effect of angiotensin II on short-circuit current in amphibian membranes. PMID- 814906 TI - Absent factor II in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunologic studies and response to corticosteroid therapy. AB - This report describes a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who evidenced severe bleeding consequent to a profound and isolated reduction in plasma factor II (prothrombin) activity. Absence of the factor is documented by immunologic means and its return after corticosteroid therapy is demonstrated. The authors recommend inclusion of this acquired coagulopathy among other more traditional diagnostic manifestations of SLE. PMID- 814911 TI - [Influence of disodium etidronate (EHDP) on plasma and urinary levels of sodium and potassium in humans]. PMID- 814910 TI - Design and calibration of a total-body counting system for measuring radioactivity in beagles. PMID- 814907 TI - [Studies on doxycycline levels in human tissues after i.v. administration (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments dealing with levels of alpha-6-desoxy-5-oxytetracycline (doxycycline, DOOTC) in human organ tissue after i.v. applications of 2 times 200 mg have been conducted. 100 biopsies yielding 371 samples (generally 4 samples at 70 +/- 14 mg per specimen) were tested against Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633 using the agar diffusion method (test plate: dst-agar Oxoid CM 261, pH 6.3-6.4, basic layer without and overlay with spores). Taking into account the manifold sources of error in diffusion tests, the results should be understood only as a basic outline without overestimating the tabulated figures of the antibiotic contents in tissue. Most of the organs showed DOOTC levels which were distinctly higher than the minimal inhibiting concentration effective against DOOTC susceptible bacteria. PMID- 814913 TI - The primary Rho(D) immune response in male volunteers. AB - After a single antigenic stimulus, not greater than 5.0 ml R2R2 red cells, anti-D was detected in 79% of D-negative volunteers increasing to 88% after subsequent spaced stimuli. The use of repeated antigenic stimuli at 2- or 4-weekly intervals to induce the immune response did not appear to increase the frequency of responders. The results obtained are compared with those of other workers and evidence is presented to suggest that the immunogenicity of red cells from different donors may have a role in determining the frequency of responders with detectable anti-D and is possibly associated with the R2 antigenic complex. PMID- 814912 TI - The fractionation of isolated liver cells from normal and carcinogen treated rats. AB - Suspensions of isolated cells were obtained from livers of normal rats and rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene. Differential centrifugation of dispersed cells yielded a large parenchymal cell fraction and a small non-parencymal cell fraction. By means of rate sedimentation through different concnetrations of Ficoll, parenchymal cells were separated into cells with fast, intermediate and slow rates of sedimentation. Periods of sedimentation were brief and centrifugal forces low in order to retain the best possible state of preservation of cells. DNA, RNA and protein contents, acid phosphatase activity, cell size and nucleocytoplasmic ratios of parenchymal cells sedimenting at fast, intermediate and slow rates were measured. Cell fractions from normal livers had properties suggesting that faster sedimenting cells were derived from the centre and middle of the lobule whereas slowly sedimenting cells were periportal; however, much of the periportal cell population remained in a residue of undissociated tissue. Compared with normal cells, carcinogen treated cells appeared to fractionate according to different physical and chemical criteria and could not be related to their origin within the liver lobule. They were smaller, slower sedimenting, lower in protein and RNA content and acid phosphatase activity. The tissue residue contained abnromal histological structures. PMID- 814914 TI - The anti-Rho(D) responses of immunized volunteers following repeated antigenic stimuli. AB - Twenty-nine Rho(D) negative male volunteers previously immunized with D-positive red cells have received series of antigenic stimuli repeated at intervals of 2 or 4 weeks. Although there is an individual variation in the magnitude of the anti-D response, the levels of anti-D achieved are, in general, higher than those obtained after stimuli spaced at intervals of several months. Moreover, certain volunteers whose plasma was not suitable for inclusion into pools for the preparation of anti-D immunoglobulin after spaced stimuli could donate regularly following the repeated stimuli. Whilst untoward clinical reactions did not occur as a result of the repeated stimuli five volunteers developed unwanted antibodies outside the Rh system and this may be related to the total dose of red cells injected. PMID- 814915 TI - Date of confinement prediction from serum diamine oxidase determination in early pregnancy. AB - A reliable assessment of the date of confinement is often important in early pregnancy. In many pregnancies the menstrual history is in doubt or the size of the uterus does not correspond to the last menstrual period. During early pregnancy the rise of serum diamine oxidase (DAO) is confined within narrow limits to certain weeks of gestation. In a series of 189 patients from the 6th to 16th week of pregnancy, the date of confinement was estimated by enzyme determination, and was also calculated by Naegel's formula. Dating by serum DAO was found to be more accurate than the menstrual history, and this technique is recommended for use in routine clinical practice. PMID- 814916 TI - Bilateral juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris. AB - Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris has only twice before been reported as occurring bilaterally. In this present bilateral case, treatment with steroids and irradiation was sucessful in eradicating the lesion from the lesser affected eye. PMID- 814917 TI - Development of macular vessels in monkey and cat. PMID- 814918 TI - Nebcin in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. AB - When the ocular toxicity and the in vivo and in vitro effects of gentamicin, Nebcin, and saline solution were compared in experimentally induced Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits, both antibiotics showed the same toxicity for the rabbits' conjunctival tissues. But Nebcin showed better in vitro and in vivo results than gentamicin, and the clinical effect was confirmed by culture study: significant numbers of organisms were recovered from the corneas of the gentamicin-treated rabbits but none from the corneas of the Nebcin-treated rabbits. PMID- 814919 TI - Structure of the heavy chain from strain 13 guinea pig immunoglobulin G1: isolation of cyanogen bromide fragments. AB - Guinea pig serum contains two isotypes of immunoglobulin G: IgG1 and IgG2. These immunoglobulins are antigentically distinct from each other and they mediate different biologic processes in the same guinea pig, although they share the ability to bind the same antigen. An attempt was made to study the primary structure of the gamma1 heavy chain from IgG1 in comparison with the largely known primary structure of the gamma-heavy chain from IgG2, with the aim of demarcating the structural differences between these molecules. IgG1 was isolated from the serum of immune strain 13 guinea pigs. Both IgG1 and the gamma1 chain were digested with CNBr. Nine fragments were isolated from both digests by gel filtration procedures before and after reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds. These fragments appear to account for the entire approximately 444 residues in the gamma1 chain. Amino acid composition data of CNBr fragments suggest that at least the amino terminal approximately 182 residues of the gamma1 and gamma2 chains are very similar. Two of the fragments which have been isolated have amino acid compositions suggesting their derivation from the "hinge" region and carboxyl terminus of the gamma1 chain. PMID- 814920 TI - Role of Calcium in the thermal stability of thermolysin. AB - The effect of calcium ion on the thermal stability of thermolysin has been investigated. The native protein undergoes an irreversible structural change and autolysis at high temperature. Analysis of the calcium ion dependence of the apparent melting temperature observed spectroscopically gives an apparent deltaH of -x (130 kcal/mol) where x is either 1 or 2. Neither zinc ion, where bound at the active site, nor terbium ion, which binds very tightly to the double calcium binding site, shows a stabilizing effect. These sites are therefore presumably not coupled to the transition which leads to autolysis. Removal of calcium ion from the native enzyme at temperatures below 50 degrees C results in inactivation but not major autolysis. The addition of 1 equiv of terbium before calcium removal results in a protein species which is 40% active and is no longer subject to thermal stabilization by calcium. These results suggest a pathway for the thermal inactivation of the enzyme which involves an irreversible structural change at one or both of the single calcium ion sites. This change propagates to the active site and results in inactivation. The binding of calcium ion to either or both single sites completely inhibits this structural change. The structural change is apparently cooperative and may correspond to a localized denaturation of the native structure. PMID- 814921 TI - Uridine 5'-(5-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl pyrophosphate): chemical synthesis and activation of rat liver glycogen synthetase. AB - Uridine 5'-(5-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl pyrophosphate), UDPTG, appears to be a potent activator of rat liver glycogen synthetase a even though it is not a substrate. At 1.0 mM, UDPTG causes over 400% activation of glycogen synthetase a activity. Activation by UDPTG is accompanied by normalization of the otherwise sigmoidal kinetics for UDPG with glycogen synthetase a and a decrease in the apparent Km for UDPG from approximately 2.0 to 0.62 mM. UDPTG inhibits catalytic activity at higher concentrations. At the concentrations examined, UDPTG has no effect on glycogen synthetase b activity. The use of glycogen synthetase free from glycogen synthetase b phosphatase and the selective inhibition of glycogen synthetase b phosphatase by 100 mM NaF-indicate that conversion of synthetase b to a is not responsible for the activation. Moreover, the use of the colorimetric assay for glycogen synthetase activity precludes effects of UDPTG on glycogen phosphorylase activity. UDPTG, chemically synthesized in 60% yield, is characterized by chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures, by its uv spectra, and by analysis of products after chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 814922 TI - Purification and characterization of the histones associated with the macronucleus of Tetrahymena. AB - Histone fractions have been isolated from the macronucleus of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Five classes of macronuclear histone were purified, using a combination of gel exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography, and were examined with respect to their solubility, electrophoretic, chromatographic, and chemical properties. Tetrahymena H4 is very similar to vertebrate H4, except that it exhibits a larger number of acetylated subfractions. In contrast, the other Tetrahymena histones vary more extensively from their calf thymus counterparts. Tetrahymena H3 resembles calf thymus H3 in its solubility properties and is the only macronuclear histone containing cysteine. However, it differs from vertebrate H3 in composition and has a faster electrophoretic mobility on both urea-acrylamide and sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tetrahymena H3 also displays a level of acetylation higher than that reported for its vertebrate homologue. Approximately 45% of macronuclear H2B, which resembles calf thymus H2B in composition and solubility, is present in a (mono)acetylated form, not detected in vertebrate somatic H2B. H1, though similar to its calf thymus homologue in solubility, modification (by phosphorylation), and other properties, differs considerably in its content of basic, acidic, and hydrophobic amino acids. Tetrahymena does not contain a histone strictly homologous to H2A. Although macronuclear histone X resembles H2A in chromatographic and some solubility properties more like H2B than H2A. Fraction X is polymorphic in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels, migrating as two distinct molecular forms. While it is possible that one form is H2A-like and the other more H2B-like, the observation that both forms of X behave identically in solubility fractionation schemes makes this unlikely. Fraction X is both phosphorylated and acetylated which, in addition to two molecular forms, results in a characteristic heterogeneous pattern on urea-acrylamide gels. Characterization of the histone complement of this lower eucaryote should contribute to the understanding of the evolution and biological role of these basic proteins. Moreover, this description represents the most extensive analysis to date of the histones associated with an amitotic, genetically active nucleus. It will serve as a reference to which the histones of the morphologically distinct, mitotically dividing, and genetically inactive micronucleus of this organism can be compared. PMID- 814923 TI - Covalent structure of apolipoprotein A-II from Macaca mulatta serum high-density lipoproteins. AB - The covalent structure of apolipoprotein A-II, isolated from the serum high density lipoprotein of a single male Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), was determined. The amino acid sequence of this 77-residue polypeptide is: less than Glu-Ala-Glu-Glu-Pro5-Ser-Val-Glu-Ser-Leu10-Val-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Phe15-Gln-Thr-Val-Thr Asp20-Tyr-Gly-Lys-Asp-Leu25-Met-Glu-Lys-Val-Lys30-Ser-Pro-Glu-Leu-Gln35-Ala-Gln Ala-Lys-Ala40-Tyr-Phe-Glu-Lys-Ser45-Lys-Glu-Gln-Leu-Thr50-Pro-Leu-Val-Lys-Lys55 Ala-Gly-Thr-Asp-Leu60-Val-Asn-Phe-Leu-Ser65-Tyr-Phe-Val-Glu-Leu70-Arg-Thr-Gln-Pro Ala75-Thr-Gln-COOH. A comparison of this structure to that of the monomeric form of human apolipoprotein A-II reveals a high degree of homology except for six conservative amino acid replacements (positions 3, 6, 40, 53, 59, and 71). Of particular structural significance is the replacement of cysteine by serine in position 6. This explaines why Rhesus A-II exists in monomeric form, contrary to the established dimeric nature of the human protein. PMID- 814924 TI - The active centers of Streptomyces griseus protease 3 and alpha-chymotrypsin: enzyme-substrate interactions remote from the scissile bond. AB - Kinetic constants are reported for alpha-chymotrypsin- and Streptomyces griseus protease 3 (SGP3)-catalyzed amide hydrolysis of a number of peptide amides of varying substrate chain length. alpha-Chymotrypsin, but not SGP3, will hydrolyze rapidly specific acetyl amino acid amides. SGP3-catalyzed, but not alpha chymotrypsin-catalyzed, hydrolysis is greatly stimulated by the presence of up to four amino acid residues N-terminal to the scissile bond of the substrate. The enzyme-substrate interactions utilized to promote hydrolysis, therefore, differ in these two enzymes, which, in other respects, show marked similarities. alpha Chymotrypsin depends mainly on primary enzyme-substrate contacts, those with the amino acid residue (P1) whose carbonyl group forms part of the scissile bond, whereas SGP3 depends mainly on "secondary" enzyme-substrate contacts with amino acid residues (P2-P4) more remote from the scissile bond. A comparison with porcine elastase, a related serine protease, indicates that there is an inverse relation between the importance of primary and secondary enzyme substrate interactions in this family of enzymes. A rationale is proposed for this effect based on the observation that both types of enzyme-substrate interaction predominantly affect the rate constant for the acylation step of substrate hydrolysis. PMID- 814925 TI - The active centers of Streptomyces griseus protease 3, alpha-chymotrypsin, and elastase: enzyme-substrate interactions close to the scissile bond. AB - Kinetic constants are reported for alpha-chymotrypsin-, Streptomyces griseus protease 3 (SGP3)-, and elastase-catalyzed hydrolysis of a number of peptides. SGP3, like alpha-chymotrypsine, hydrolyzes most readily amide bonds whose immediate acyl group (P1) is a large, hydrophobic, amino acid residue. SGP3, however, has a broader specificity for P1 residues than does alpha-chymotrypsin, primarily because the most important interactions between SGP3 and residue P1 of the substrate involve the Cbeta and Cgamma groups of the P1 side chain. For substrates of all three proteases, the amino acid residue contributing the amino group of the scissile bond (P1') is less important than P1 in determining kcat/Km for the hydrolysis reaction. Each enzyme interacts favorably with a hydrophobic P1' side chain. A substate with a large P1' side chain is bound more strongly, but is hydrolyzed less rapidly, than that with P1' Ala. The observation that strong binding of P1' is not necessarily conducive to rapid hydrolysis is consistent with the idea that parts of P1' must undergo a considerable displacement during substrate hydrolysis. PMID- 814926 TI - Purification and properties of rabbit-liver glycogen synthase. AB - Glycogen synthase b was purified from rabbit liver by a procedure involving isolation of the glycogen-enzyme complex, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 25 mumol of glucose transferred from UDPglucose into glycogen per min per mg of protein at 30 degrees C in the presence of 10 mM glucose 6-P, and appeared to be homogeneous by the criterion of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The b form was convertible into the a form by a rabbit-liver protein phosphatase. A subunit size of 85 000 was determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and molecular weights of 183 000 +/- 20 000 and 170 000 +/- 21 000 were determined for the a and b forms of the enzyme, respectively. On conversion of the a into the b form, 1.13 mol of phosphate was incorporated per 85 000 g of protein. The degree of phosphorylation and loss of glycogen synthase a activity paralleled each other. PMID- 814927 TI - Isolation of aminopeptidase from Aspergillus flavus. AB - A mixture of aminopeptidase and neutral protease from the Aspergillus flavus mold obtained by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex was fractionated by chromatography on the hydroxyalkyl methacrylate gel with chemically bonded 1,6 hexamethylene diamine and D-leucine. Aminopeptidase thus obtained was electrophoretically homogeneous. Conditions for chromatography were worked out allowing a one stage isolation of a highly active aminopeptidase sample directly from the alcoholic precipitate of the culture medium of the Aspergillus flavus mold. PMID- 814928 TI - The myoglobin of primates. VIII. Nycticebus coucang (slow loris). AB - To the analysis of three prosimian myoglobins reported previously [1, 2] that of the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) has been added. A cladogram has been constructed utilising the new information to arrive at a possible ancestral prosimian myoglobin. Within the primates only the four prosimians share residues of threonine at position 34 and of isoleucine at position 142. During tryptic digestion of the loris myoglobin, some hydrolysis was observed at bonds not usually considered to be susceptible to the action of this enzyme: 52 Pro-53 Asp, and 120 Pro-121 Gly. PMID- 814929 TI - Sugar binding to purified fractions from bovine taste buds and epithelial tissue. Relationships to bioactivity. AB - Binding of various sugars was compared in purified subfractions of taste buds isolated from bovine circumvallate papillae and of non-taste bud-bearing epithelium isolated from tissue surrounding these papillae. Binding of 14C labeled sugars was greater in purified subfractions obtained from taste bud than from non-taste bud-bearing tissue and was, in general, greater in those taste bud subfractions in which a greater membrane purification was achieved. Binding specificity of the 14C-labeled sugars sucrose, fructose, glucose and of 14C labeled cyclamate and saccharine was measured by competition of each 14C-labeled sugar or synthetic sweetener with its unlabeled homologous sugar in P4(B) taste bud subfractions; this binding, as shown for sucrose, was reversible and temperature dependent. Essentially no competition of the 14C-lageled sugars sucrose, fructose, glucose or 14C-labeled cyclamate and saccharine by their respective unlabeled homologues occurred in epithelial tissue P4(B) subfractions; this binding was not reversible. Binding specificity was further observed by the competition of 14C-labeled sucrose, fructose and glucose with each unlabeled sugar for binding sites on P4(B) taste bud subfractions; unlabeled sucrose was more effective in competing with each 14C-labeled surgar than was unlabeled fructose or glucose. The relatively non-sweet sugar lactose did not compete with 14C-labeled lactose in P4(B) subfractions from either taste bud or non-taste bud bearing epithelial tissue. Binding of 14C-labeled sucrose in purified P4(B) bud subfractions was inhibited by increased concentrations of unlabeled sucrose, phospholipase C, neuraminidase, EDTA, NaCl and urea. Dissociation constants for sugar or synthetic sweetener binding were low (approx. 10(-3) M) but in a rank order (sucrose greater than fructose greater than glucose greater than saccharine) consistent with preference and electrophysiological responses in cow. The cow is behaviorally indifferent to saccharine and lactose consistent with the data obtained in the present study. PMID- 814930 TI - Comparative studies on chemical, hemolytic and diffusion-in-gel precipitation properties of various lysosphingolipids. AB - Various lysosphingolipids were prepared and their chemical structures were confirmed by thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analyses of sugars, aminosugars, fatty acids and long chain bases by gas-liquid chromatography. Some hemolytic and diffusion in-gel precipitation properties of these substances were compared with each other. Almost all of deacylated sphingolipids had approximately the same hemolytic activity. These hemolytic activities were inhibited with equal amounts of cholesterol. Aqueous solutions of digalactosylglucosylsphingosine, galactosaminyldigalactosylglucosylsphingosine and digalactosaminyldigalactosylglucosylsphingosine gave rise to non-immune precipitation lines with normal animal sera, particularly with their low density lipoproteins on agarose gel double diffusion, whereas sphingosylphosphorylcholine and neuraminylgalactosylglucosylsphingosine gave no precipitation lines at all. High concentration of lactosylsphingosine, galactosylsphingosine and glucosylsphingosine, respectively, gave rise to a slightly faint precipitation line. PMID- 814931 TI - Triacylglycerol turnover in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Relation to phospholipid synthesis. AB - The metabolic function of triaclyglycerol in Tetrahymena pyriformis was investigated by prelabeling endogenous lipid with a 14C-labeled short chain fatty acid, and then following the disappearance of radioactivity from triacylglycerol and its appearance in other products. In 90 min, up to 85% of the label in triacylglycerol turns over, and although some radioactivity appears in CO2 and glycogen, most of the label appears in phospholipid. Starvation of the cells, as well as resuspension in enriched medium or provision of acetate all block triacylglycerol breakdown, while supplementation of the medium with pyruvate does not. Prelabeling lipid with [3H] glycerol shows that some of the transfer of material from triacylglycerol to phospholipid involves transfer of the glycerol backbone, although transfer of triacylglycerol fatty acids directly to phospholipid probably also occurs. In addition, the catabolism of triacylglycerol occurs by a "last-in-first-out" mechanism, indicating some form of compartmentation of triacylglycerol in this cell. The results demonstrate an important metabolic interrelationship between triacylglycerol catabolism and phospholipid synthesis and raise the question, in this cell at least, of the validity of considering triacylglycerol only as a fuel storage form. PMID- 814932 TI - Immunological comparison of phosphatidylinostiol and phosphatidylcholine exchange proteins in bovine brain, liver and heart. AB - The two phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins isolated from bovine cerebral cortex, I (isoelectric point pH 5.2) and II (isoelectric point pH 5.5), had essentially identical amino acid compositions. Rabbit antisera preparations specific to each of these brain proteins were equally effective in inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol transfer activity of both protein I and II. Judged by double diffusion on agar gels, immunoprecipitation was not observed between either of the brain phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins and anti-liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein antibody or between liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein and anti-brain phosphatidylinositol exchange protein antibody. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine transfer activity was measured in microsome-liposome assay systems. For membrane-free tissue preparations phosphatidylinositol activity increased in the order: brain greater than heart greater than liver, while phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins transferred phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in the ratio 1.4: liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein transferred exclusively phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylinositol transfer activity in brain, heart and liver was more than 80% inhibited by anti-brain phosphatidylinositol exchange protein antibody. The proportion of phosphatidylcholine transfer activity sensitive to anti-liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein antibody was 15% for brain, 75% for liver and 20% for heart, while the proportion sensitive to anti-brain phosphatidylinositol exchange protein antibody was 65% for brain, 10% for liver and 60% for heart. Together these two classes of phospholipid exchange proteins accounted for approx. 80% of the phosphoatidylcholine transfer activity in selected bovine tissues. A protein which was chemically, immunologically, and catalytically similar to liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein was identified in brain and contributed about 20% of the phosphatidylcholine transfer activity in that tissue. PMID- 814933 TI - [Theoretical study of the kinetics of dark reduction of photochemically oxidized bacteriochlorophyll in the reaction center of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores]. AB - It is shown from the results of theoretical study that the scheme involving two successive interacting components of the pool of secondary acceptors shows the biexponential character of the kinetics of dark reduction of the pigment of P870 observed in the experiment. The velocity constants of the electron transport reactions considered are evaluated. PMID- 814934 TI - [The role of the accessory visual system in bringing about optokinetic reactions in anuran amphibia]. PMID- 814935 TI - Control of placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase: comparison of enzyme characteristics in man, cow, goat, rat and Rhesus monkey. PMID- 814936 TI - Carbonic anhydrase localization in the epidimymis and testis of the rat: histochemical and biochemical analysis. PMID- 814937 TI - Models for depolymerizing enzymes. Application to alpha-amylases. PMID- 814938 TI - A new approach to prenatal diagnosis using trophoblast cells in maternal blood. PMID- 814939 TI - Characterization of a mirex metabolite from monkeys. PMID- 814940 TI - Isolation and identification of a polar metabolite of tetrachlorobiphenyl from bile of rainbow trout exposed to 14C-tetrachlorobiphenyl. PMID- 814942 TI - Traumatic arachnoid diverticula: a report of two cases causing spinal cord compression. AB - We wish to report two cases of large traumatic extradural diverticula resulting from motorcycle accidents and causing spinal cord compression. One was a complication of total brachial plexus avulsion and the other followed a closed spinal injury with probable associated brachial plexus traction and root sleeve rupture. PMID- 814941 TI - Sodium and calcium ions in the control of temperature set-point in the pigeon. AB - 1 The effect of altering the ionic balance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on cloacal temperature of unanesthetized pigeons kept at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) was examined by injection or infusion of solutions of different ionic composition into a cannulated lateral cerebral ventricle. 2 An increase in the concentration of calcium ions caused a fall in temperature and behavioural sedation. The effects were the same whether the calcium was present as calcium chloride or as the calcium disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (CaNa2EDTA). 3 When the concentration of sodium ions in the CSF perfusate was increased by addition of NaCl or that of calcium ions was decreased by addition of Na2EDTA a rise in temperature was often produced but this was not consistent. NaCl sometimes had either no effect or lowered the temperature. Na2EDTA while producing a rise when first injected failed to do so when repeated a few hours, 24 h and often 72 h later. Prolonged infusion of either agent caused intense behavioural excitement leading to death. 4 Potassium ions, like sodium ions, caused a rise in temperature but only when infused continuously. Behavioural excitement was only rarely observed. 5 Magnesium produced a fall in temperature. The concentration required was much higher than that of calcium but the hypothermia was more prolonged suggesting a slower elimination of the magnesium ions from the CSF. Magnesium ions caused tremors, nystagmus and ataxia as opposed to sedation caused by calcium. 6 All these were central effects as they were not obtained when the substances were injected intravenously. 7 Since changes in body temperature of the pigeon produced by injection of calcium or sodium ions into the CSF were similar to those seen in various species of mammal, it is concluded that the relative concentration of these ions within the brain plays an important role in establishing the temperature setpoint in both birds and mammals. PMID- 814943 TI - Proceedings: The transport maximum concept in intravenous cholangiography. PMID- 814944 TI - Proceedings: Lymphographic appearances of some uncommon haematological disorders. PMID- 814945 TI - Results of the use of a new water-soluble contrast medium (metrizamide) in the posterior fossa of the baboon. AB - An investigation was made of the use of a new water-soluble contrast material (metrizamide) for posterior-fossa radiography in the baboon. The experiments showed that the concentration of metrizamide needed to produce adequate radiographs from sub-occipital injections into the posterior fossa always produced generalized seizures. Intraventricular injection produced excellent radiographs from metrizamide concentrations, which did not result in either clinical or EEG seizure activity. Seizures, when they occurred, were easily controlled with pentobarbitone and phenytoin. In all the experiments, ECG changes were found, which disappeared after some hours. PMID- 814946 TI - Letter: Electron back-scattering from lead in a perspex phantom. PMID- 814947 TI - Proceedings: The effect of dose-rate on lifeshortening in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 814948 TI - Editorial: Radiology now. Choices. PMID- 814949 TI - Proceedings: Bran tablets in the treatment of diverticular disease. PMID- 814950 TI - Proceedings: Functional evaluation of the jejunal segment as an oesophageal substitute. PMID- 814951 TI - Proceedings: Faecal electrolytes and motility in diverticular disease. PMID- 814952 TI - Proceedings: Amino acid infusion following surgery. PMID- 814953 TI - Proceedings: Parenteral chemoprophylaxis in bowel surgery. PMID- 814954 TI - Letter: Folic acid deficiency during intensive therapy. PMID- 814955 TI - Topical chemoprophylaxis with silver sulphadiazine and silver nitrate chlorhexidine creams: emergence of sulphonamide-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. AB - Controlled trials of 0.5% silver nitrate compresses (SN), 1% silver sulphadiazine cream (SSD), and a cream containing 0.5% silver nitrate and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (SNC) showed that all were comparably effective in protecting burns from infection. SN compresses were much less active against miscellaneous Gram negative bacilli than the other preparations, and the mean morning and evening temperatures and respiration rates in the patients treated with SN compresses were higher then those of patients treated with SSD. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp, though rare in all groups, were less often found in the patients treated with SN compresses. Sulphonamide-resistant Gram-negative bacilli became predominant during the trial of SSD cream on extensive burns and the prophylactic effectiveness of that preparation was thus reduced in the later stages of the trial. PMID- 814956 TI - Diet and oral antidiabetic drugs and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. AB - A longitudal study was carried out to separate the effects of treatment with diet from those of treatment with glibenclamide and phenformin on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma sugar and insulin levels in 118 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Both drugs improved glucose tolerance and random blood sugar levels more than diet alone. The improved glucose tolerance with both drugs was due to a combination of a reduced fasting plasma sugar level and an improved tolerance to the glucose load. Treatment with glibenclamide increased insulin secretion but phenformin had no significant effect. Mean body weight fell slightly during phenformin administration, whereas a small but insignificant rise in patients receiving glibenclamide. PMID- 814957 TI - Need for supervision in the elderly receiving long-term prescribed medication. AB - Medication for 127 randomly selected patients aged over 70 in a large group practice was examined in relation to the available supervision for this treatment. About half the patients were on long-term treatment, mainly drugs associated with heart disease, depression, or anxiety. Nineteen had had no recorded contact with the family doctor for six months or longer, and examination by nurse surveillance suggested that three might be suffering from drug toxicity. It was concluded that reliance on self-referral by elderly patients was unsafe. PMID- 814958 TI - Priorities and expenditure. PMID- 814959 TI - Portal hypertension in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. PMID- 814960 TI - Letter: Progression and regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 814961 TI - Letter: Supervision of repeat prescribing. PMID- 814962 TI - Cultivation of type 1 N. Gonorrhoeae in liquid media. AB - The effect of CO2 concentration on the growth and colonial stability of Type 1 Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been investigated. Carbon dioxide at a concentration of 16 per cent in air above flasks incubated in a shaker was effective in supporting growth and 100 per cent colonial stability of Types 1, 1', 2, and 4. Lower CO2 tensions increased the generation time of the strains and were less effective in maintaining the stability of virulent variants. Of several liquid media tested, Enriched Single Phase medium, which consists of Difco GC medium base (devoid of agar and starch) to which Lankford supplement and "Isovitalex" have been added, was the most suitable for use with small inocula. PMID- 814963 TI - Further studies of Trichomonas Vaginalis with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Under the scanning electron microscope, the body surface of trichomonads appears ruffled and creased, with numerous crater-like depressions, which should probably be interpreted as the initial stage in the formation of digestive vacuoles or pinocytotic vesicles. Having contacted epithelial cells, trichomonads engulf them totally or partially. Various micro-organisms also become a prey of the protozoon. The different stages of phagocytosis are illustrated in electron micrographs. Gonococci have been discovered in phagosomes of T. vaginalis. Usually their phagocytosis is not brought to completion and they survive within the trichomonads (endocytobiosis). This suggests that the agent of gonorrhoea may be maintained within trichomonads in cases of mixed infection. In addition to morphological details described earlier, T. vaginalis has lattice-like and lamellar structures of uncertain function. Spherical forms are found usually in an unfavourable environment or as a result of budding. PMID- 814964 TI - Effect of tissue culture cells in promoting prolonged survival of N. Gonorrhoeae in artificial subcutaneous cavities of mice. AB - Both tissue culture cells and human epithelial cells ingest gonococci, and subsequently protect them from the lethal action of various bactericidal agents. Using the convenient chamber produced by the subcutaneous insertion of a polyvinyl ring, the fate of the gonococci in mice was studied in vivo. Both humoral and cellular factors have free access to the organisms, and under normal circumstances these do not survive longer than 3 days. However, when gonococci were protected within tissue culture cells, their survival was prolonged. Only eventual graft rejection caused the death of the tissue culture cells and gonococci contained within them. PMID- 814965 TI - Radioimmunoassay for quantifying antibody to N. Gonorrhoeae in human sera. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the serodiagnosis of gonorrhoea. When 382 human sera from acutely infected and well documented control subjects were assayed by this procedure, 90% were diagnosed correctly, 5% were diagnosed incorrectly, and in 5% the results were indecisive. PMID- 814966 TI - Gonorrhoea screening programme. AB - In a 12-month period, a gonorrhoea screening programme was carried out and 192,983 cultures were collected from various sources in Tennessee; 7% were positive for gonococci. The positivity rate varied from 31-7% in veneral disease clinics to 0-5% in military dependants. The low yield of positive results in certain population groups suggests that selective groups of persons at high risk of infection with gonorrhoea. PMID- 814967 TI - Experimental kuru in the spider monkey. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of the brain during early stages of incubation. AB - The brains of 10 spider monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from kuru patients have been studied histologically and ultrastructurally. The animals were killed by perfusion of fixative from four to forty-one weeks after inoculation, when healthy and free of neurological signs. Definite histopathological changes had occurred as early as four weeks after inoculation, when moderate numbers of bi-nucleated neurons were found within the limbic cortex, striatum, the hypothalamus and amongst the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. At later stages of incubation a moderate loss of neurons in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex and a mild to moderate proliferation of fibrous astrocytes here and also in the hypothalamus were the most striking features. None of our cases showed either status spongiosus or the generalized astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy, characteristic of fully developed experimental kuru, in any region of the brain. The principal ultrastructural abnormalities consisted of the formation of membrane-bound intracytoplasmic vacuoles, predominantly within dendrites, and of concentric laminar arrays derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The former were seen in all regions of the brain examined and at all stages of incubation. Concentric laminar arrays were confined to the cerebellar nodulus, where they were most numerous in dendrites and neuronal perikarya four weeks after inoculation. Both changes are interpreted as an indication that the kuru agent acts upon the plasma membrane from an early stage onwards and, by stimulating its growth, leads to the formation of complex, membrane-bounded vacuoles and to hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum. The formation of vacuoles is further regarded as the first sign of status spongiosus on an ultrastructural level. Attention is drawn to the great similarities between the changes observed in the present material and those described in the brains of patients dying from kuru and of primates with fully developed experimental kuru. The significance of the relatively rapid spread of the kuru agent throughout the brain is discussed in relation to the concept of "slow virus" diseases. PMID- 814969 TI - Thalamic unit activity in the alert monkey during natural vestibular stimulation. PMID- 814968 TI - Comparative neurology of the temporal lobe in primates including man with reference to speech. PMID- 814970 TI - Monamine distribution in primate brain. II. Brain stem catecholaminergic pathways in Macaca speciosa (arctoides). PMID- 814972 TI - Origin of primary sensorimotor cortical projections to lumbar spinal cord of cat and monkey. PMID- 814971 TI - Timing of the responses in the motor cortex of monkeys to an unexpected disturbance of finger position. AB - Monkeys were trained with food rewards to hold the wrist and fingers of their right hand in a flexed posture and maintain force with the finger tips against an isometric lever for a number of seconds. Once the animal had learned to produce a reliable performance of the task an assembly was attached to the skull through which microelectrodes could be introduced into the precentral cortex to record the activity of single neurones. Neurones whose activity was correlated with the force of finger flexion were studied; some of these could be identified as pyramidal tract neurones by their response to electrical stimulation in the medullary pyramids. While the monkey was flexing against it, the lever was sometimes suddenly released so that the fingers flexed without resistance. This unexpected disturbance was often followed by a change in the discharge of precentral neurones, although the monkey had not been trained to respond to the release in any particular way. On release of the lever the discharge of a given cortical neurone might either increase or decrease, and the direction of this change could not be predicted from the behaviour of the neurone during the isometric task. The most common response was an increase in cortical cell firing in neurones whose natural discharge was associated with the active development of force. The discharge of pyramidal tract neurones changed 25-50 msec after the sudden unexpected peripheral disturbance. Earlier changes were seen in some other neurones situated within the precentral gyrus and in the anterior bank of the central sulcus. PMID- 814973 TI - Changes in a motor pattern following cerebellar and olivary lesions in the squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys were trained to perform ballistically initiated flexion movements of the forearm. It is shown that the motor output to agonist and antagonist subsequent to the onset of the movement depends continuously on the movement's parameters, primarily the velocity, as in man. The contribution of cerebellar activities to maintain this relationship was investigated by means of discrete lesions of the cerebellum and inferior olive. After lesions of the cerebellar nuclei, EMG activity of agonist and antagonist is no longer precisely structured. This result implies that activity of the cerebellar nuclei is necessary to maintain the gain and timing of the relationship between sensory inputs and motor outputs. Participation of the inferior olive is also required, since lesions of this structure mimic the effect of destruction of the cerebellar nuclei. Lesions of the cerebellar cortex, instead, affect mainly the timing of the motor output. PMID- 814975 TI - Studies of the metabolism of asialotrasferrins: the in vivo behavior of baboon and rhesus asialotransferrins. AB - The catabolism and distribution of rhesus and baboon asialotransferrins relative to the corresponding parent proteins were studied in rabbits using a dual isotope tracer technique. Also a similar study with the baboon proteins in a baboon is reported. The metabolic data obtained in rabbits with both rhesus and baboon transferrins was close to the values established in a previous study for rabbit transferrin. Desialylation resulted in an average increase in the fractional catabolic rate of rhesus trasferrin by 22.7%. This change is similar to that found earlier with asialotransferrins from several nonprimate mammals which are thought not to interact with the hepatic asialoglyco-protein receptor. Two kinetically distinct fractions were identified in baboon asialotransferrin. One of these, amounting to approximately one-third of the protein, was eliminated from the circulation very rapidly. The remaining two-thirds constituted a slowly catabolized fraction which behaved in vivo similarly to rhesus asialotransferrin. Unlike the rapidly cleared fraction, elimination of the slowly catabolized fraction in baboon asialotransferrin is probably not mediated by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. An amount comparable to the rapidly eliminated fraction in baboon asialotransferrin was recovered with the liver of rats in short-term experiments. In rats which were preinjected with chicken acid alpha1 glycoprotein the hepatic uptake of baboon asialotransferrin was markedly reduced. Data obtained in the baboon agreed with the findings in rabbits, although transferrin turnover was slower in the baboon. From its behavior in vivo as an asialoglycoprotein, baboon transferrin shows greater resemblance to human transferrin than rhesus transferrin. The conclusion is supported by carbohydrate analyses which show an intermediate position for baboon transferrin between man and a nonprimate mammal (rabbit), and a similarity between rhesus and rabbit transferrins. PMID- 814974 TI - Prostaglandins: bone resorption stimulating factors released from monkey gingiva. AB - Gingival fragments from monkeys have been found to release a factor in vitro into incubation medium which stimulates bone resorption in organ culture. Indomethacin effectively blocks the occurrence of this stimulatory factor in the gingival incubation medium. All of this bone resorptive activity can be accounted for by prostaglandin-like material. The prostaglandins contributing to the bone resorptive activity have been found to be prostaglandins E1 and E2. PMID- 814976 TI - Structural determination of the polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups Y, W-135, and BO1. AB - The purified high molecular weight serogroup Y meningococcal polysaccharide contains equimolar proportions of D-glucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid and is partially O-acetylated. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, together with other chemical data, have indicated that the polysaccharide is linked only at C-6 of the D-glucose and C-4 of the sialic acid residues, all the linkages being in the alpha-configuration. The 13CNMR data also indicated that the Y polysaccharide is composed of an alternating sequence of these two different residues, and this was confirmed by its autohydrolysis where the major product was 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The W-135 polysaccharide differs from that of Y only in the absence of O-acetylation and in the configuration of one hydroxyl group of the disaccharide repeating unit. In this case autohydrolysis yielded 4-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-N acetylneuraminic acid as the major product. Structural evidence indicates that the BO and Y polysaccharides are identical. Methanolysis of the Y polysaccharide yielded in addition to the methyl glycosides of glucose and sialic acid, a 9-O acetyl derivative of the latter. This derivative was formed during the re-N acetylation process and its formation was mainly due to the presence of sodium ions in the original polysaccharide. PMID- 814977 TI - Method for detecting antibody formation to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The use of Concanavalin A as a coupling agent for sensitization of sheep erythrocytes with an alkaline extract of Neisseria gonorrhoeae organisms is described in this paper. The sensitized erythrocytes were used in a plaque assay for enumeration of antibody-producing cells and in hemagglutination and hemolysin tests for determination of serum antibody. Rabbits were immunized intraperitoneally, intravenously, or via the footpad with viable N. gonorrhoeae organisms. Plaque-forming cells were found in draining lymph nodes and in the spleens of these rabbits. The cells from some rabbits also lysed sheep erythrocytes coated with an alkaline extract prepared from Neisseria meningitidis organisms. No antibody-producing cells were found in the lymphoid tissues of normal rabbits. Rabbits immunized by all three routes developed high hemagglutination and hemolysin titers. Hemolysin titers were significantly higher than hemagglutination titers when both tests were performed on the same serum samples. Pooled antiserum from these rabbits also lysed erythrocytes coated with a meningococcal antigen, but titers for the specific immunizing species were higher. PMID- 814978 TI - The pathogenicity of rough strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Galleria mellonella. AB - Rough mutants of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been isolated by selection for resistance to virulent lipopolysaccharide-specific phages. The rough mutants fell into two classes on the basis of colonial morphology and agglutination by acriflavine and NaCl. The pigment and exoenzyme-synthesizing properties of these derivatives were identical with those of the parental cultures. The rough strains were 8- to 62-fold less pathogenic for the larvae of the wax moth (Galleria mellonella) than the smooth wild-type cells. PMID- 814980 TI - The in vitro hydroxylation of 4'-chloro-4-biphenylol by a mushroom tyrosinase preparation. AB - Incubation of 4'-chloro-4-biphenylol with a mushroom tyrosinase preparation gave the catechol, 4'-chloro-3,4-biphenyldiol as the sole in vitro metabolite. This compound was identical with the major rat urinary metabolite of 4'-chloro-4 biphenylol and thus confirms the structure assigned to the metabolite. This result also demonstrates a possible degradation pathway of hydroxylated chlorobiphenyls which are themselves the major metabolic degradation products of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 814979 TI - Mushroom inhibitors of dopa oxidation. AB - Two low molecular weight (about 1000) peptide inhibitors of dopa oxidation, purified by Sephadex chromatography, have been demonstrated electrophoretically in a preparation from the field mushroom, Agaricus hortensis. PMID- 814981 TI - The effect of cooling and warming rates on the survival of a variety of bacteria. AB - Cooling and warming rates affect bacterial survival profoundly with all bacteria tested (Azotobacter chroococcum, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis) behaving similarly. Most bacteria were sensitive to salt on freezing and thawing. Viabilities of population frozen and thawed in saline were always less (by at least 20%) than comparable ones frozen in water alone. Under these conditions, S. faecalis was resistant to the presence of sodium chloride; viabilities of populations frozen in the presence or absence of sodium chloride were always less than 5% different. The implications of these results in light of the organisms' shape, Gram stain, and respiration are discussed. PMID- 814982 TI - Improved techniques for the preparation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. AB - Liopolysaccharides were prepared from six organisms by the use of two cell disruption procedures before conventional phenol-water extraction. Disruption of cells by grinding with glass beads or by digestion with hen egg white lysozyme before phenol extraction facilitated rapid purification and greater yields of lipopolysaccharide. Pretreatment of cells with lysozyme in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was the most efficient method in terms of lipopolysaccharide yield and ease of preparation. Increase in lipopolysaccharide yield achieved by use of the lysozyme method, compared with the conventional phenol extraction, varied from 1.7- to 12.4-fold. Preparations were designated as pure according to several criteria and were judged not to have undergone changes as a result of prephenol extraction procedures. PMID- 814983 TI - Aquatic acetylene-reduction techniques: solutions to several problems. AB - Previous methods of performing aquatic acetylene-reduction assays are described and several problems associated with them are discussed. A refinement of these older techniques is introduced and problems that it overcomes are also discussed. A depth profile of nitrogen fixation (C2H4 production), obtained by the refined technique, is shown for a fertilized Canadian Shield lake in the Experimental Lakes Area of northwestern Ontario. PMID- 814984 TI - Association of a ribonuclease with the purified influenza virus. AB - Purified influenza virus contains ribonuclease activity. The enzyme does not hydrolyze viral RNA but both 28 S and 18 S host cell RNA are degraded forming large (about 16 S) and small (about 5 S) fragments with the release of the acid soluble material. It has an optimum temperature of 37 degrees C, requires no divalent ions, and is inhibited by 0.1 M EDTA and 1% SDS. Treatment with 4 M urea increases enzymatic activity considerably (42%) but is not a prerequisite for eliciting ribonuclease activity suggesting that the enzyme is probably located near the surface of the virus particle. Results show that the observed enzyme activity is virus-associated as no host cell protein is detectable in the purified virus. PMID- 814985 TI - Penicillin tolerance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evidence disallowing a penicillinase-mediated mechanism from a refined microbiological assay method. AB - A microbiological assay method has been developed and applied to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, for the purpose of detecting enzymatic deactivation of benzyl penicillin. Calibration of the method, using strains of Escherichia coli K-12 with previously reported penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6.) activities, has shown that it is extremely sensitive and may be used in a quantitative manner. At the limit of sensitivity the test is able to detect penicillin breakdown in the order of 3 X 10(-3) mug in 48 h, which is equivalent to about 7 X 10(-8) mumol/min per milligram dry weight of cells. Over 100 strains of N. gonorrhoeae, most of them resistant to penicillin, were screened for their ability to deactivate penicillin during 48 h of growth in the presence of subinhibitory levels. No deactivation was detected. It is concluded, from quantitative evidence, that reduced penicillin sensitivity in N. gonorrhoeae is not due to the enzymatic deactivation of the antibiotic. PMID- 814986 TI - Dry-heat inactivation of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores with special reference to spore density. AB - The dry-heat inactivation kinetics of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (ATCC9372) spores has been studied in the temperature range of 120-190 degrees C. The spores were applied to glass plates of a standardized area (3.24 cm2). Spore preparations of five different spore densities were used (8.3 X 10(4), 7.4 X 10(6), 6.3 X 10(7), and 6.6 X 10(8) spores per sample, respectively). The heat resistance of the spore was dependent on the number of spores per surface unit. Maximum resistance was observed when the concentration was 7.4 X 10(5) spores per sample. The D-values obtained at 160 degrees C from these samples were about twice as high as the D-values obtained from samples with a concentration of 6.3 X 10(7) or 6.6 X 10(8) spores per sample. The z-value was found to be independent of spore density. Thus, for the two concentrations 7.4 X 10(5) and 6.3 X 10(7) spores per sample, the z-value was found to be 22 degrees C and constant over the temperature range investigated. PMID- 814987 TI - Biodegradation of petroleum by Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria. AB - Chesapeake Bay sediment bacteria from oil-contaminated and oil-free environments were compared for their ability to utilize a South Louisiana crude oil. Preferential solubility, column chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and computerized mass spectrometry were used to provide new and useful information regarding biodegradation of fractions and components of the crude oil. Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-contaminated sediment, whereas coryneforms and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the culture inoculated with oil-free sediment. Microorganisms from the oil-free sediment produced greater quantities of polar n-pentane-insoluble components (asphaltenes) after degradation, whereas microorganisms from the oil contaminated sediments provided greater degradation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 814988 TI - Dual dorsal columns: a review. AB - Recent evidence indicates that Wall (1970) may have been premature in concluding that dorsal column lesions produce no discernable sensory defects. Much of the negative evidence Wall presented to support this view is inconclusive. In addition several studies have reported significant sensory deficits in animals with severed dorsal columns. On the other hand, the literature strongly supports Wall's view that dorsal column lesions cause motor disturbances. A review of the anatomical and electrophysiological literature reveals growing evidence for the dissociation of two major subsystems relaying in the dorsal column nuclei. The possible functions of these two systems are discussed. PMID- 814989 TI - Acute ultrastructural changes in the middle cerebral artery due to the injury and ischemia of surgical clamping. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the zone of clamping of the middle cerebral artery of the squirrel monkey are described after application of a surgical clip. The experimental model utilized has been widely applied to the study of cerebral ischemia and possibly has relevance to clamps applied to the cerebral vessels during neurosurgical treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disorders. The earliest changes within the arterial wall were found in the smooth muscle (media) and accompanying fasciculi of nerves. Changes within the nerve bundles were sufficiently advances following 4 hours of vascular clipping to suggest temporary or permanent impairment of neurogenic innervation of the cerebral vessels distal to the trunk of the vessel clipped. PMID- 814990 TI - Effects of three pesticides on respiration, coughing, and heart rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). PMID- 814991 TI - Letter: Dental caries vaccination. PMID- 814992 TI - New perspectives in allergic asthma. AB - Major advances have recently been made in both the diagnosis and the treatment of allergic asthma. The radioallergosorbent test (RAST), which measures allergen specificity of lgE antibodies in vitro, offers as good results as direct skin tests for allergy, without the inconvenience, discomfort and risk for the patient of the latter. However, the RAST must be done in a radioisotope laboratory, and standardized extracts of test allergens are lacking. Several new drugs, administered by inhalation and relatively free from serious side effects, are highly effective in treating asthma. Disodium cromoglycate, believed to stabilize tissue mast cells, protects particularly against exercise- or antigen-induced bronchospasm, and often permits reduction or withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy. Some acetonides or esters of glucocorticoids, because of their greatly increased topical anti-inflammatory activity, are effective in doses too small to cause serious systemic side effects. With the most topically effective, beclomethasone dipropionate, systemic corticosteroid therapy can usually be reduced or withdrawn, but recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function may be delayed; the drug regimens should therefore overlap. PMID- 814993 TI - Cost analysis of leukemia treatment: a problem-oriented approach. AB - A Problem Oriented List of Charges (POLC) can be used to obtain information about the cost of treatment of a single medical problem in patients with several coexisting medical problems. To prepare a POLC, each charge item is associated with one of the patient's problems. POLCs were compiled from the Problem Oriented Medical Records (POMRs) of patients with Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemic (ANLL). From the POLCs at was apparent that the treatment of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia and their sequelae were the most costly problems associated with ANLL. The projected cost of treatment for all problems for 11.5 months (the median survival of patients with ANLL treated with a single chemotherapeutic agent at this institution) was $40,022. By extending the POMR into the area of Medical reimbursement with a POLC, charge incurring activities can be coupled to the results of patient care. Only by directly coupling, in the original medical record, the reasons for, the charges for, and the results of medical care, can cost data be appropriately interpreted. PMID- 814994 TI - Gas gangrene-like infection with Bacillus cereus in a lymphoma patient. AB - A patient with a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma developed an infection caused by Bacillus cereus during a period of induced granulocytopenia. A fulminant process resembling gas gangrene developed shortly after the accidental penetration by a small piece of metal into his right hand. Incision and drainage as well as antimicrobial therapy did not prevent the loss of the third, fourth and fifth fingers; however, localization and subsequent control of the infection was achieved concomitant with bone marrow recovery. PMID- 814995 TI - A preliminary report on investigation of oncogenic potential of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Cebus monkeys. AB - A total of 301 female and 133 male Cebus monkeys have been placed under study during a 3-year period. Females are inoculated intradermally into the cervix every 6 months; 225 receive virus and 76 receive control material. More than 50% of the animals were infected on primary inoculation, and a similar percentage was foundon the 1st reinoculation. Males are housed with females at 1:1 to 1:3 ratios. Eighteen % of the males exposed to virus-inoculated females have become infected. To date, a total of 55 pregnancies have produced 14 live births and 8 abortions. The remaining 33 animals are still pregnant. No neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 infections have been identified. Cytological changes of mild (atypia) to moderate (dysplasia) anaplasia have persisted for 12 to 32 months in 13 herpes simplex virus type 2-infected females. These animals received their 1st inoculation 14 to 50 months ago. Persistent anaplasia has not been found in control animals. PMID- 814996 TI - Inhibition of two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin with bis(2 chloroethyl)sulfide. AB - ICR/Ha Swiss mice, 30 females/group, were given a single application of 20 mug 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, followed 2 weeks later by three times weekly applications of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), 2.5 mug/application. In the accompanying inhibition experiments, sulfur mustard [SM; bis(2 chloroethyl)sulfide] was applied at a dose of 20 mug/application during the promotion phase, either on the same day as PMA, i.e., three times weekly, or on alternate days, i.e., twice weekly. The experiments were continued for 385 days. The control group, i.e., without SM, resulted in 27 of 30 mice with a total of 281 papillomas. Sixteen of these mice also bore squamous cell carcinomas. In the two groups also receiving SM, two or three times weekly, 2 of 30 and 1 of 30 mice, respectively, bore papillomas. Carcinomas were not observed in these groups. The inflammatory response of mouse skin to the combined treatments of SM and PMA was no greater than with PMA alone. PMID- 814997 TI - Evidence of repair of DNA damage induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in guinea pig pancreatic slices in vitro. AB - In vitro exposure of guinea pig pancreatic slices to 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1 oxide (HAQO) resulted in increased [methyl-3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation into DNA, both in the presence and absence of hydroxyurea (HU). Normal DNA replicative synthesis, but not DNA repair synthesis, was suppressed by HU. The increase in [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA damage induced by HAQO. Exposure of pancreatic slices to 10(-6) to 10(-5) M concentrations of HAQO did not significantly increase thymidine incorporation; however, a 15-min exposure to 10( 4) M HAQO induced a significant increase in HU-insensitive [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA. Kinetics of [3H]TdR incorporation suggests that most of the DNA repair synthesis occurs during the 2 hr following HAQO-induced DNA damage. PMID- 814998 TI - Microsomal N-oxidation of the hepatocarcinogen N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and the reactivity of N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene. AB - The N-oxidation of the hepatocarcinogen N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) was catalyzed by hepatic microsomes in a reduced pyridine nucleotide- and oxygen dependent reaction. The initial N-oxidation product, N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene (N-HO-MAB), was readily oxidized to a second product that yielded N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene upon subsequent acid treatment. The secondary N oxidation product may be formed nonenzymatically and is presumed to be N-HO-MAB N oxide or its dehydrated derivative, N-(p-phenylazophenyl)nitrone. Under the same conditions, MAB was also oxidatively N-dealkylated to 4-aminoazobenzene, which was N-oxidized to N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene. Unlike the latter reactions, the microsomal N-oxidation of MAB was independent of cytochrome P-450, as shown by its lack of sensitivity to inhibition by 2-[(2,4-dichloro-6 phenyl)phenoxy]ethylamine and its inability to utilize cumene hydroperoxide in place of reduced pyridine nucleotides and oxygen. The N-oxidation of MAB was also catalyzed by the purified microsomal flavoprotein mixed-function amine oxidase of Ziegler et al. The noncarcinogenic dye N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene was metabolized similarly to MAB. For male animals the hepatic levels of MAB N-oxidase activity were in the order: rat greater than hamster, guinea pig greater than mouse, rabbit. Little or no MAB N-oxidase activity was present in several extrahepatic rat tissues. N-HO-MAB, N-hydroxy-N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, and N-hydroxy-4 aminoazobenzene catalyzed the aerobic oxidation of cysteine and glutathione. These hydroxylamines also bound covalently to proteins. The binding of N-HO-MAB with nucleic acids was only 3 to 6% that observed with serum albumin. Under anhydrous conditions the nitrone generated aerobically from N-HO-MAB reacted with carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bonds, or both, in fatty acids, retinol, purines, and pyrimidines to yield isoxazolidine and/or oxadiazolidine addition products. The nitrone from N-hydroxy-N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene was much less reactive under these conditions. Syntheses of N-HO-MAB and N-hydroxy-N-ethyl-4 aminoazobenzene are reported. PMID- 814999 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced enhancement of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene metabolism and DNA binding in differentiating mouse epidermal cell cultures. AB - Mouse epidermal cells in primary culture differentiate rapidly over a 2-week period leading to keratinization and sloughing of most of the plated cells. Cell replication was partially synchronized in these cultures with peaks of DNA synthesis at the 2nd and 8th day. The ability of epidermal cells to metabolize 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and the subsequent binding of activated products to epidermal DNA was a function of the culture time. Constitutive and induced levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cells cultured for 10 days were half of those in cells grown for 3 days. Likewise, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene binding to epidermal DNA was two- to fourfold lower in 10-day than 3-day cultures. This decrease in metabolism and binding between 3-day and 10-day cultures could be eliminated by the inclusion of 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide in the culture medium during the entire culture period. PMID- 815000 TI - Abnormal heart rate responses during exercise in patients with Chagas' disease. AB - Normal subjects and cardiac chagasic patients without previous history of congestive failure or actual evidences of cardiac decompensation were exercised on a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. Patients with less than the expected increase in heart rate during exercise were found to exhibit also an abnormal heart rate response to pharmacologic blockade and acute alterations in systemic vascular resistance. These results are in agreement with previous observations showing neuronal degeneration and autonomic impairment in chronic Chagas' heart disease. PMID- 815001 TI - Failure of carbon monoxide to induce myocardial infarction in cholesterol-fed cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Twenty-six adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were randomly assigned to four groups which were fed on a standard laboratory diet or a semipurified diet containing cholesterol. In two of the groups, the monkeys were exposed intermittently to CO throughout the day for 14 months; the control animals breathed room air. No myocardial infarctions were observed, and the ECG showed a transitory injury current in only one animal. No differences in plasma cholesterol levels or in aortic and coronary atherosclerosis could be attributed to CO exposure. PMID- 815002 TI - The myelinated parallel fibers of the cerebellar cortex and their regional distribution. AB - In the cerebellar cortex of the Rhesus monkey and the cat, the supraganglionic plexus in the molecular layer exhibits regional differences. The plexus is very well developed in the vermal parts of the anterior lobe, but only poorly developed in the nodulofloccular lobe. Most of the fibers of this plexus are myelinated parallel fibers, which synapse in the typical manner with dendritic thorns of Purkinje cells. Only very few fibers of this plexus are recurrent collaterals of Purkinje cells. Their distribution throughout the cerebellar cortex does not display regional differences. These findings agree with physiological data on the disinhibition of Purkinje cells in different parts of the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 815003 TI - Letter: Medical care costs. PMID- 815004 TI - [Antitubercular agents. XVI. Use of HMO computations in the study of structure activity relationship of antitubercular agents. III]. PMID- 815005 TI - [Current methods for the determination of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine (analytical review)]. PMID- 815006 TI - [Amino acid solutions for parenteral administration in a comparative balance study (author's transl)]. PMID- 815007 TI - [Relationship between the weight of adenohypophysis, thyroxine-binding adenohypophyseal proteins in vitro and level of ceruloplasmin in the rat serum: effect of hormones and of various neurotrophic drugs]. PMID- 815008 TI - [Vigilance and petit mal paroxysms from the viewpoint of analytical electroencephalography]. PMID- 815009 TI - [Rubidium in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 815010 TI - Letter: Chemical structure of QAII, one of the covalently bound adducts of carcinogenic 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with nucleic acid bases of cellular nucleic acids. PMID- 815011 TI - Letter: Occurrence of Pyr-His-Pro-NH2 in the frog skin. PMID- 815012 TI - [Autoradiographic demonstration of the innervation of the tooth and the periodontium]. AB - The innervation of the tooth and the parodont has been studied by autoradiography of 3H proline, unilaterally injected in the Gasser ganglion of adult cats. The presence of neurofibrils has been observed particularly in predentine and dentine, along the collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament, in the superficial layer of bone and cementum, in the papillar layer of the gingiva and as ultraterminal fibrils in the gingival epithelium. PMID- 815014 TI - [The effect of puromycin, nalidixic acid, and cycloheximide acetylcholinesterase purified from Electrophorus electricus L]. AB - The action of puromycin, nalidixic acid and cycloheximide on acetylcholinesterase has been studied using an "electrophoretically pure" preparation. Results obtained show that these well known inhibitors of protein synthesis have an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. The inhibitory action exercised by puromycin and nalidixic acid is of a mixed inhibition type, similar to the one seen when decamethonium and d-tubocurarine are used as inhibitory agents. Cycloheximide acts in a non competitive way on the enzyme activity. PMID- 815013 TI - [Comparison of enzyme activity in two insect cell lines: Anthera eucalypti and Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera)]. AB - A new micromethod has been used to compare the enzymic profiles of two cell lines of Lepidoptera (Antheraea eucalypti and Malacosoma disstria). Differences are observed on alkaline phosphatase, on two aminopeptidases, on alpha and beta galactosidases and on alpha mannosidase. The whole intracellular activity of the enzymes revealed is detected without any previous treatment of the cells. PMID- 815015 TI - [The effect of hypophysectomy on the adaptation of three species of Mugilidae (marine teleosts) to fresh water]. AB - The study of the adaptation in fresh water of three species of Mugilidae, normal or hypophysectomised, provides new data on the osmoregulation of these fish. In Crenimugil labrosus and in Mugil auratus, hypophysis acts directly on osmoregulation. On the other hand, in Mugil ramada, this seems rather to be under peripheric control and hypophysis does not seem to play a leading part. PMID- 815016 TI - [Allatecotomy and imaginal diapause in female Tetrix undulata (Sow.) (Orthoptera, (Tetrigidae)]. AB - Allatectomised females (whose diapause has been broken by chilling) do not lay though sham-operated or unoperated or unoperated controls do lay: corpora allata are essential for maturation. Ovocyte size is the same for allatectomized females as for diapause females. So it seems that the lack of ovocyte development might be the result of the inactivity or inhibition of corporal allata. PMID- 815017 TI - [L'"apprentissage social" chez le termite de santonge]. AB - Termites, when they are in groups, are able to learn a maze between their nest and the food. Workers lay an odorous trail on the most direct way. The gallery will be built on this train. Kinesthetic information also seem implicated. PMID- 815018 TI - [The effects of different amino acids and structural analogues on the penetration of L-tryptophan in mouse brain in vivo and in vitro]. AB - Various amino-acids and substituted tryptophane derivatives inhibit the penetration of tryptophane in mice brain slices. Their inhibitory effect is rapidly neutralized in vivo by a perpheral mechanism, including the binding of tryptophane to circulating serumalbumins. PMID- 815019 TI - [A correlation between histocompatibility antigens HL-A 1 and 8 and an improved defense in the chronic uremic patient against hepatitis B virus]. AB - Histocompatibility antigens have been studied in 328 uraemic patients treated by chronic haemodialysis, of whom 201 were contaminated by hepatitis-B virus associated antigen (HBs Ag). The frequency of the phenotypes HL-A 1 (36.2%), HL-A 8 (29.8%) and the HL-A 1,8 (23.4%) was significantly higher in the group of 47 patients who were able to eliminate HBs Ag after a transient antigenemia, than in the group of 154 patients who became chronic carriers of this antigen (P less than 0.01 for HL-A 1,8 association). These frequencies were also higher than the corresponding ones in the normal French population (P less than 0.01 for HL-A 8; P less than 0.001 for HL-A 1,8 association). In contrast, the HL-A frequencies observed in the group of patients with persistent antigenemia were not different from those observed in healthy controls. In conclusion, the presence of HL-A 1,8 phenotype seems to be correlated, in uraemic haemodialyzed patients, with a better immunological response against hepatitis B virus and hence, with the ability to elminate HBs Ag. PMID- 815020 TI - [The presence of non-integrated SV40 viral DNA in nonproductive cells transformed by this virus]. AB - The hot phenol extraction of nuclic acids reveals the presence of small amounts of nonintegrated SV 40 DNA in transformed syrian hamster or mouse cells. The extractibility of the viral DNA is influenced by its conformation; SV 40 DNA, form I is preferentially extracted by contrast with form III DNA. PMID- 815022 TI - [Effect of intestinal flora and diet on rat intestinal pool and fecal excretion of bile salts]. AB - Comparative studies between groups of rats which differ by the microbial flora of their gastrointestinal tract, the weight of their caecum and the diet on which they are fed allow the following conclusions: 1. Caecal enlargement is, on the one hand, mainly responsible for the increased intestinal pool of bile salts in the intestine of germ-free rats and on the other has little action on the decrease of their fecal excretion. 2. Other than for intestinal flora, diet modifies intestinal pool and fecal excretion of bile salts. Fecal excretion mainly depends on diet cholesterol content. Intestinal pool size mainly depends on dietary factors which are different from cholesterol. PMID- 815021 TI - [Mouse hepatocyte plasma membranes at different ages: isolation, ultrastructure and 5'-nucleotidase activity]. PMID- 815023 TI - [Activated sludge activity: an easy test for inspection of biological purification plants]. AB - The results of the enzymatic study of microbial dehydrogenases with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) present the possibility of a new practical method which can be used in activated-sludge plants. The procedure has been modified, with regard to simplicity and low cost of operation. PMID- 815024 TI - [A new PiN mutation at the Pi locus in human populations]. AB - By a bidimensional immuno-isofocalisation electrophoresis method a new PiN allel was revealed in 365 samples collected in a Caucasoid population from a Central Pyrenees Valley (Les Baronnies). Its high frequency (0,151) contributes to the decrease of the PiM one. The different NS, MN and NN phenotypes were formerly classed respectively as MS and MM phenotypes. PiN allel seems to be widely distributed in Mediterranean populations. PMID- 815025 TI - [2 new antineoplastic derivatives: 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-ellipticinium (acetate) and 9-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-ellipticinium (chloride). Effect on mouse L 1210 leukemia]. AB - The antitumoral activity of two new derivatives of ellipticine, 9-hydroxy-2 methyl ellipticinium and 9-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-ellipticinium, has been determined using L 1210 mouse leukemia. The first compound elicits a therapeutic index similar to that of 9-hydroxy-ellipticine but is active at doses ten times smaller. The second compound elicits an exceptionally high therapeutic index. It is still active when used at one hundredth of the sublethal dose. PMID- 815026 TI - [Influence of spermatogenesis on testicular fluid secretion in adult rats]. AB - Unilateral efferent duct ligature mainatined for 24 h in adult Wistar rats, shows that the secretion of testicular fluid elevates progressively with the age of animals (from 10 mg/g/h at a 100 days to 13 mg/g/h at a 150 days). This technique when applied to rats in which spermatogenesis is temporarily inhibited by busulphan shows, by contrast with control animals, a change in the secretion of testicular fluid which is the converse of the variation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 815027 TI - [Influence of recent modification of behavioral relationships of male and female OF1 mice on resistance to nitrogen or carbon monoxide hypoxia]. AB - A decrease of resistance to hypoxia is obtained in OF1 mice, 24 hours after an hyperactivity resulting from a grouping by 13 of male or female mice previously isolated. Besides, this decrease is statistically significant in an acute nitrogen hypoxia but not in an acute carbon monoxide poisoning. In both hypoxias, in mice of same age the males are less resistant than females. PMID- 815028 TI - [Light scattering by corneal stroma during edema: relation between spectral law and scattering intensity]. AB - The quantity D of light scattered by a layer is proportional to the n-th power of the wavelength. This has been checked with five rabbit corneas at different stages of hydration and the corresponding values of n have been calculated. It appears that, during the progress of edema, D and n remain connected through the linear relation : n = aD + b. The constants a and b are determined as well as the correlation coefficients. That physical link between n and D throws a light on the nature of ultra-structure alterations occurring in the edematous stroma. PMID- 815029 TI - [Dependence of angiotensin II induced drinking on local cerebral vasomotor function in rats]. AB - In the Rat, injection of vasoplegics such as papaverine, NaNO2, sodium nitroprusside or prostaglandin E 2 into the subfornical organ, the antero inferior part of the 3rd ventricle or the lateral ventricle blocks the dipsogenic action of angiotensin II (A II) injected through the same cannula practically completely without diminishing that of carbachol. This antagonism of A II by substances known to relax vascular smooth muscle supports our hypothesis that the mechanism of action of this dipsogenic substance, in contrast to that of carbachol, involves mechanoreceptors situated in special cavernous structures. PMID- 815030 TI - [Effect of denervation on macromolecular metabolism in electric tissue of Electrophorus electricus (L)]. AB - Unilateral denervation of the principal electric organ of the Electrophorus electricus produces in the denervated an increase of its content of RNA. This increase results, as shown by radioactive incorporation, from an increase in RNA synthesis and is followed by an increase in aminoacid incorporation by proteins. Protein concentration does not change significantly, implying that a change of the proteic pattern occurs. The increase in the RNA content follows denervation rather rapidly but comes down to approximately 10% of the initial value sixty days afterwards. PMID- 815031 TI - [Hydrolysis of diphosphatidylglycerol in situ in E. coli by activation of specific phospholipase D]. AB - E coli cells are harvested at early stationary phase and, first, incubated in phosphate buffer without energetic metabolites, conditions which invole the formation of an excess of diphosphatidylglycerol. If, in a second stage, they are cultivated again in normal medium, the diphosphatidylglycerol is metabolized very fast. It is mainly hydrolyzed, by activation of a specific phospholipase D, with formation of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The latter is immediatly metabolized in bacteria in phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, both about equal in amount. PMID- 815032 TI - [Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: acquired susceptibility to trout serum neutralizing factor after repeated passage in cell culture]. AB - It has been shown previously that in normal sera from IPN free Rainbow Trout a "6 S molecule" neutralized Sp type IPN Viruses routinely used in European fish diseases laboratories. These viruses were unable to reproduce the disease under experimental conditions. After a survey of trout farms, a Sp type pathogenic virus was isolated (isolate 31/75). After one passage on RTG2 cells this virus was fed to 7 weeks old fry and led to a 70% mortality. In contrast, a routinely passed and cloned virus (27/70) gave no noticeable mortality. This freshly isolated virus produced only small plaques on RTG2 cells (27/70 produced small and large plaques) and was not neutralized at all by the "natural" 6 S neutralizing molecule from serum. After repeated RTG2 cell culture passages of 31/75 virus, large plaques appeared at the 7th passage, and a large plaque was cloned. The virus thus cloned (8th passage) was fully neutralized by 1/200 normal trout serum. This acquired susceptibility can account for the loss of pathogenicity of cell cultured IPN viruses, and could be a "marker" of non pathogenic IPN viruses which have been recorded in trout farms. PMID- 815033 TI - [Demonstration, stabilization and purification of an intracapsid nucleoprotein structure of Baculovirus of Oryctes rhinoceros L]. AB - The presence of a structurally organized nucleoproteic structure in the capsid of the Baculovirus of Oryctes rhinoceros L. is shown. This structure is stabilized under definite conditions described in detail in the paper. It possesses a rope like structure of about 280 nm in length on 15 nm in diameter containing the DNA molecule. A basic protein is found in the virus. PMID- 815034 TI - [Role of 2 thymus extracts in protection mechanisms against microbial infection]. AB - Two thymus extracts were isolated and partially purified on a Sephadex column. They showed a a molecular weight of 3000 and 12000 respectively. These extracts participate in the protection of the mouse when it has been infected with Yersinia pestis. PMID- 815035 TI - Collagen polymorphism in human scars. AB - Collagen similar to the collagen found in embryonic skin (same intermolecular cross-links and same structure of the polypeptide chains) is synthesized in young human scars. Later on, in normal scars, this collagen is replaced by the collagen of adult skin progressively. In contrast, in hypertrophic scars, a high proportion of collagen of "embryonic" type is present permanently. In granulation tissues of chronic inflammation, experimentally developed in rats, similar "embryonic" collagen has been found ; these granuloma are proposed as a model in laboratory animals of human hypertrophic scars. PMID- 815036 TI - [Genetic analysis of circadian activity rhythm in mice]. AB - Mice of the inbred strains C57BL/6J and SEC/1 ReJ show high patterns of wheel running activity during the night when placed in a condition of 12h of darkness and 12h of light. Under continuous illumination or darkness the C57 strain is characterized by a clearcut circadian rhythm while the patterns of activity of the SEC strain do not show a clear thythmic activity. PMID- 815037 TI - [Results of long term general therapy on experimental bone resorption in golden hamster]. AB - A restoring osteogenesis of osteoclastic lesions induced by the high carbohydrate Keyes diet, was brought about, at the alveolar bone level, with long term general therapy without any local treatment. PMID- 815038 TI - [Influence of alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on plasma calcium and phosphate levels in cattle]. AB - The intravenous injection of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalfiferol in calves, steers and cows induced a significant rise in plasma calcium and phosphate levels, associated with a slight fall in plasma magnesium. Thus 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol might be used efficiently in cows afflicted with parturient hypocalcaemia. PMID- 815039 TI - [Effect of hemispherectomy on neuroendocrine responses in birds]. AB - In the thalamic pigeon, neurogenic stimuli were still effective in promoting the adreno-cortical activation. The magnitude of the response was as important as in intact birds and was also similar to that obtained after anterior lateral deafferentation of the hypothalamus. Photically induced testis growth was quite normal in hemispherectomized quail. It appears therefore that in birds two kinds of neuroendocrine responses can be induced without any telencephalic participation. PMID- 815040 TI - [Optical properties of isolated myocardial trabeculae and skeletal muscle fibers. Study in double sucrose gap system]. PMID- 815041 TI - [Determination of magnetic susceptibility tensor of rod outer segment of frog retina by microscopic method]. PMID- 815042 TI - [Influence of solvent composition and ionic equilibria on amino acid separation by two-dimensional, thin-layer partition chromatography. Elaboration of system with very high separating power]. PMID- 815043 TI - [Effect of cortisol and cortisol-transcortin complex on transcription in calf thymus chromatin]. AB - The influence of transcortin and of cortisol on RNA synthesis in thymus chromatin, have been tested. The experimental results show that cortisol alone has no effect on RNA synthesis. But, in the same conditions of ionic strength, a serious decrease in transcription, induced by cortisol-transcortin complex, is demonstrated. PMID- 815044 TI - [New organophosphorous fungicides active against rice piriculariosis]. PMID- 815045 TI - Comparative study of absorption and distribution of dexamethasone-3H after percutaneous or oral administration in mice and rats. AB - Percutaneous absorption of dexamethasone in alcoholic solution in mice and rats was low. Permeability constant measured on mice was included between 1.05 and 1.39.10(-5) cm/h. Under the site of application, a retention appeared in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscles which explained local pharmacological action. In other tissues (plasma, liver, kidney, adrenals and muscles), level of corticoid remained very low. On the contrary after oral administration, dexamethasone was present everywhere, concentration was the highest in liver and kidney. PMID- 815046 TI - [Variations in enzyme activities in different sporulation conditions of Bacillus megaterium]. AB - Glucose dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities have been studied for various conditions of sporulation of Bacillus megaterium KM (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate starvation). Glucose dehydrogenase appears in all conditions of sporulation, even with excess of glucose or gluconate. Alkaline phosphatase, usually dereprimed in phosphate starvation, does not increase during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium when phosphate is present. PMID- 815047 TI - [Quantitative determination of specific immunoglobin E in serum]. PMID- 815048 TI - [Immunoenzymatic detection of monkey membrane sites in somatic monkey-mouse hybrid cells]. AB - Membrane bound monkey antigens can be localized in different clones of somatic monkey-mouse hybrid cells. These antigens are detected, using peroxidase labelled anti-monkey sera, in thin sections observed in the electron microscope. The different clones contain a small number of simian chromosomes (9 to 25) and a complete set of murin chromosomes. PMID- 815049 TI - [Obtaining additional agglutinins by mixing culture media of lymphoid tissues taken from animals immunized with Salmonella paratyphi B]. AB - Culture media of splenic explants from chicken immunized with Salmonella paratyphi B have antiflagellar agglutinin titers which vary with time. When the culture media coming from distinct cultures in the same series are mixed on the same day of the culture, the agglutinin titer sometimes rises and becomes greater than the highest individual titer. PMID- 815050 TI - [Energy equilibrium during sleep in ruminants]. AB - Measurements of heat exchanges were made in calves and sheep before and after shearing isolated in a gradient-layer calorimeter which also operates as an open circuit separation chamber or the head maintained in a hood for respiration exchanges. Sheep with fleeces were in negative heat balance during periods of sleep. In calves and shorn sheep, heat production and heat loss were equally reduced during sleep. PMID- 815051 TI - [Excretion of 7 estrogens during last days of human pregnancy]. AB - The excretion of seven urinary estrogens was studied during the last two or three weeks of five normal pregnant women. A study of the urinary excretion curves demonstrated that 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone and 16-oxo-estradiol followed the same pattern with the particularity of presenting two excretion peaks which were persistently observed on the 8th or 7th day prior to delivery for the first one, and around the 4th or 3rd day prior to delivery for the second one. It is possible that there is a relation between this phenomenon and the onset of delivery. PMID- 815052 TI - [Bimodal secretion of thyroid hormones]. AB - In rats receiving 50 mug of iodine daily, the turnover curve of plasmatic hormones is bimodal. Simultaneously, a flux of direct secretion and a flux of delayed secretion participate in the hormonal secretion. The second flux is about twenty times greater than the first one. The delay of its turnover is probably due to the diffusion of the molecules of thyroglobulin into the colloid. PMID- 815054 TI - [Optical property changes during activity of myocardial trabeculae and skeletal muscle of Rana esculenta]. AB - The contractile activity,measured on a small portion of myocardial trabeculae or skeletal muscle, is accompanied by optical changes, analyzed using a signal averaging technique. Scattering changes correspond mainly to structural modifications (volume); absorption changes are attributed to early metabolic events while birefringence changes are related to variations in mechanical tension. PMID- 815053 TI - [Increase of intercellular adhesion of chick embryo neuroretina cells by peptides from bovine serum albumin]. PMID- 815055 TI - [Metabolism of Helix pomatia polygalacturonase]. AB - The reaction pattern of the polygalacturonase from Helix pomatia juice has been studied. Hydrolysis of pectic acid occurs in a random manner. Oligogalacturonic acids are hydrolyzed in a sequential process, starting from the non-reducing end. This behavior is different from that of other endopolygalacturonases, which split these latter substrates both randomly and in a stepwise way from the reducing end. PMID- 815056 TI - [New molluscocid organophosphorous compounds]. AB - The authors show that, among the studied phosphoryl compounds, some dissymetric derivatives of the 2,4,5 trichlorophenol have an exceptional activity against the limneas, chosen as representatives of aquatic molluscs, and have, at the same time, a slight toxicity for mice and fish. PMID- 815057 TI - [Mannose dependent horse erythrocyte agglutinin specific to bovine enterotoxic E coli strains]. AB - We show that in enterotoxic or not enterotoxic E. coli strains from various origins, enterotoxic strains of E. coli from calves only agglutin horse red cells in presence of mannose. The haemagglutinins structure, not visible with electron microscope is compatible with presence of fimbriae. It would be K 99 antigen, specific adhesiveness structure for strains from calves. PMID- 815058 TI - [Antigenic and immunogenic activities of dog spleen dry acetone powder for DLA histocompatibility test system]. AB - The specific lymphocytotoxic activity of an anti DLA-A 9 serum was completely removed when absorbed with spleen dry acetone powder from a DLA-A 9 dog, but was not modified when absorbed with spleen powder from a non DLA-A 9 dog. A lymphocytotoxic serum specific for DLA-B 13 was produced in a dog injected with spleen dry acetone powder from a DLA-B 13 dog. PMID- 815060 TI - Clinical uses of precordial ST-segment mapping and the pathophysiology of ST segment voltage changes. PMID- 815061 TI - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients. The modifying influence of prolonged antihypertensive treatment on the tolerance to acute, drug induced hypotension. AB - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied by the arteriovenous oxygen difference method in 13 patients with untreated or ineffectively treated severe hypertension, nine patients with effectively treated, formerly severe hypertension, and ten normotensive controls. Resting mean blood pressure in these three groups was 145 +/- 17 (1 SD) mm Hg, 116 +/- 18 mm Hg, and 98 +/- 10 mm Hg, respectively. Blood pressure was decreased by trimethaphan infusion combined with head-up tilt. The lower limit of CBF autoregulation in the three groups was 113 +/- 17 mm Hg, 96 +/- 17 mm Hg, and 73 +/- 9 mm Hg, and the lowest tolerated blood pressure where mild symptoms of brain hypoperfusion were encountered was 65 +/- 10 mm Hg, 53 +/- 18 mm Hg, and 43 +/- 8 mm Hg. These pressures were all significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the group of untreated or ineffectively treated hypertensive patients than in the normotensive group demonstrating a shift of CBF autoregulation in the former. The observations in effectively treated hypertensive patients strongly suggested a readaptation of CBF autoregulation toward normal in some cases. In four hypertensive patients studied twice it was found that 8-12 months of antihypertensive treatment on average did not influence the lower limit of CBF autoregulation. PMID- 815059 TI - Protection of ischemic myocardium by nitroglycerin: experimental and clinical results. AB - Nitroglycerin (NTG) traditionally has bben avoided in the treatment of pain caused by acute myocardial infarction because of the belief that NTG-induced decrease in arterial pressure and concomitant reflex increase in heart rate might extend the ischemic process. However, recent experimental and clinical investigations cast doubt on this concept. For example, when the left anterior descending coronary artery is acutely occluded in normal dogs or in dogs when chronic coronary occlusions and extensive collaterals, NTG reduces ST-segment evevation (and presumably myocardial ischemia). This salutary effect occurs despite lowering of systemic arterial pressure, as long as excessive reflex tachycardia does not result; the magnitude of ischemia reduction is potentiated when methoxamine or phenylephrine are administered simultaneously to abolish the NTG -induced hypotension and reflex tachycardia. NTG and methoxamine treatment also results in 1) reduction of infarct size as (as assessed by gross morphologic examinations and myocardial CPK levels) in dogs subjected to 5 hours of coronary occlusion, and 2) increase in ventricular fibrillation (VF) threshold and reduction of the incidence of spontaneously occurring VF in dogs with acute coronary occlusion. Finally, the effectiveness of NTG during acute myocardial iinfarction (AMI) in man has been studied. Multiple precordial electrodes were used to measure changes in the degree of ST-segment elevation; these changes were used as an index of alterations in myocardial ischemic injury. Patients with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressures ( less than 15 mm Hg) did not benefit consistently from NTG alone; however, when phenylephrine was administered with NTG (to abolish NTG-induced arterial pressure reduction and reflex increase in heart rate), ST-segment elevation diminished consistently. In patients with elevated wedge pressures ( greater than 15 mm Hg), NTG alone consistently reduced ischemia; addition of phenylephrine often partially reversed this benefit. Thus, administration of NTG, alone or with phenylephrine, appears to reduce myocardial ischemic injury during AMI in man; however, the response to phenylephrine depends upon the presence or absence of LV failure prior to treatment. These experimental and clinical results suggest this form of therapy may be use in reducing infarct size in man, although additional studies are necessary to determine the functional significance of these acute electrophysiologic alterations. PMID- 815062 TI - Gas-chromatographic analysis for succinimide anticonvulsants in serum: macro- and micro-scale methods. AB - A gas-chromatographic analysis for the succinimide anticonvulsant drugs- ethosuximide, methsuximide, and phensuximide--in 1.0 ml of serum was modified to improve its reliability, speed, and precision. A separate procedure for 10-100 mul of serum was also developed. Neither method requires an initial preparation of derivatives. The working range of each method is about 10-100 mg/liter for the macro-method, 2-100 mg/liter for the micro-method. The methsuximide metabolite, N desmethylmethsuximide, is included in both methods. Concentrations of N desmethylmethsuximide in the blood of two patients with petit mal epilepsy are reported. PMID- 815063 TI - Letter: Thyroid-function tests in diphenylhydantoin-treated patients. PMID- 815064 TI - Letter: Poor separation of creatine kinase isoenzymes with column-chromatographic kits. PMID- 815065 TI - Changes in the concentration of lipoprotein-X during incubation of postheparin plasma from patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. AB - The concentration of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) has been studied in six patients with familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency before and after the administration of heparin. In preheparin plasma, LP-X was present in all the patients, the concentrations ranging from 40 to 251 mg/100 ml. When postheparin plasma samples were incubated at 37 degrees C for 4 hours, LP-X could not be detected, whereas it was still present before incubation. LCAT activity was absent in the preheparin as well as in the postheparin samples. Accordingly, the changes in the concentration of LP-X could not be attributed to alterations in plasma LCAT activity. An increase in lysolecithin and a decrease in lecithin was observed during incubation of postheparin plasma samples. PMID- 815066 TI - Occurrence of beta2-microglobulin and post-gamma globulin in human semen. PMID- 815067 TI - Transplantation in patients with unusual causes of renal failure. PMID- 815068 TI - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: etiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. AB - It was suggested that several behaviorial factors could be important in allowing mild local symptoms of infection to develop into PID. A localized gonococcal infection may produce an increased vaginal discharge or dysuria. PID results only if several other factors have been operable. Loss of the cervical mucus barrier with menstruation appears to be important in allowing bacteria to pass from the cervix in to the uterine cavity. Uterine infection may account for the abnormal uterine bleeding seen in 40% of all PID patients (18). When N. gonorrhoeae multiples beyond the capabilities of the genital tract defense mechanisms, a bilateral tubal infection ensues... PMID- 815069 TI - Glucose tolerance and insulin release in malnourished rats. AB - 1. Young Wistar rats were used as an experimental model to determine the effects of protein-energy malnutrition on glucose tolerance and insulin release. 2. Malnourished rats presented some of the features commonly found in human protein energy malnutrition, such as failure to gain weight, hypoalbuminaemia, fatty infiltration of the liver and intolerance of oral and intravenous glucose loads. 3. The rate of disappearance of glucose from the gut lumen was greater in the malnourished rats but there was no significant difference in portal blood glucose concentration between normal and malnourished rats 5 and 10 min after an oral glucose load. 4. Insulin resistance was not thought to be the cause of the glucose intolerance in the malnourished animals since these rats had a low fasting plasma insulin concentration with a normal fasting blood glucose concentration and no impairment in their hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, fasting malnourished rats were unable to correct the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite high concentrations of hepatic glycogen. 5. Malnourished rats had lower peak plasma insulin concentrations than normal control animals after provocation with oral and intravenous glucose, intravenous tolbutamide and intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin. This was not due to a reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas or potassium deficiency. Healthy weanling rats, like the older malnourished rats, had a diminished insulin response to intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. However, their insulin response to stimulation with intravenous glucose plus aminophyllin far exceeded that of the malnourished rats. Thus the impairment of insulin release demonstrated in the malnourished rats cannot be ascribed to a 'functional immaturity' of the pancreas. PMID- 815070 TI - Bronchial asthma. PMID- 815071 TI - Metabolic response to illness: protein-sparing therapy. PMID- 815072 TI - The plasma transport proteins of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in mammals. PMID- 815073 TI - Enzyme changes during development of holo- and hemi-metabolic insects. PMID- 815074 TI - Cell division and DNA replication in synchronous Tetrahymena cultures. PMID- 815075 TI - [Is an active immunization against pseudomonas aeruginosa in burns justifiable?]. AB - The critical evaluation of active immunisation against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in severely burned patients was carried out. Two group,s were tested: 1. 120 burned patients vaccinated, 2. 68 persons as control group vaccinated. In the healthy control group, the vaccination resulted in an almost linear rise of the antibody titer. In contrast thereto, vaccination in patients resulted initially in a raised titer which was followed in the 3rd and 4th week by a sharp fall. Due to the fact that an infected burn wound can also be considered as a vaccination, we examined the antibody titer in a 2nd group of patients which were not vaccinated. Similarly after a short rise there was a definite lowering in the 3rd and 4th week. The research included a total of 239 persons. In order to obtain a polyvalent vaccine, we carried out an epidemiological study involving serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa over a period of several years. PMID- 815078 TI - Quantitation of desynchronosis. AB - In order to find ways of preventing or correcting the effects of desynchronosis, it is necessary to know the physiological mechanisms that are affected and to quantitatively determine their rate of recovery following a time-zone change. To best accomplish this, it is necessary not only to establish the rates of change brought about in performance and physiological systems during actual flight experiments, but to complement these observations with ground-based simulation experiments. A mathematical model was developed to quantitatively describe desynchronosis and was applied to data obtained from ground-based photoperiod shift studies using monkeys. An initial steady state, Vc, and a final steady state, Vs are postulated. The measured data vector, Vt, initially equals Vc, and finally equals Vs. The difference vector, Vts, with components A(t) and B(t), defined as the dot product and cross product of vectors Vt and Vs, is termed the desynchronosis vector. The trajectory of A(t) with time is given by: A(t) = A - e (alpha + betat), where A is the asymptote denoting complete resynchronization, alpha is proportional to the total desynchronosis on day O, and beta is the rate of resynchronization. The number of cycles required to achieve a 95% recovery, t95, is computed. This model has been applied to body temperature (BT) data from a monkey subjected to a 180 degrees phase-shift by alternating the photoperiod. The BT rhythm was initially stable and a 180 degrees reversal of phase with the new environment was eventually achieved. Estimated rephasal times were: 37% in 2.6 days; 50% in 5.6 days, and 95% in 8.4 days. Similar rates of internal and external resynchronization have been obtained from human photoperiod shift, ground-based experiments. Estimated rephasal time for BT rhythms with HR rhythms to the new photoperiod (t95) is 4.9 days. PMID- 815077 TI - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro RNA synthesis on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila. AB - A comparative radioautographic study of the RNA precursors incorporation on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila in vivo in the cells of salivary glands, and in vitro during incubation of E.coli RNA polymerase on slides with fixed chromosomes was performed.--The pattern of in vivo 3H-uridine incorporation on different sections of the chromosomes drastically differed from the in vitro 3H UTP incorporation which seems to be much more related to DNA content of the individual small sections. In both cases puffing of the loci resulted in the increase of RNA synthesis but in vitro only 2-3 fold and in vivo much more. Hence, RNA synthesis in vitro was unspecific and did not reflect the in vivo RNA synthesis.--On the other hand, E.coli RNA polymerase completely mimics in vitro the dosage compensation phenomenon making twice as much RNA on one X-chromosome of males (1X2A) as on each of X-chromosomes of diploid (2X2A) and triploid (3X3A) females and super-females (3X2A), and the intermediate amount of RNA on each of X chromosomes of intersexes (2X3A). It is suggested that the differences in the in vitro template activity of X-chromosomes of cells with different X:A ratio are due to different extent of condensation of their deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP). Yet, both male and each of female X-chromosomes bind the same amount of thymus histone FI labelled with fluorochrome which indicates that they contain the same amount of "open" regions with exposed chromosomal DNA accessible to external proteins.--On the basis of these observations a hypothesis is put forward which suggests that RNA transcription in animal chromosomes is regulated at two levels by different mechanisms; the first one controls the extent of condensation of DNP of genetic loci and determines their competence to the second mechanism which involves the action of gene-specific activator proteins. According to this hypothesis the phenomenon of dosage compensation of sex-linked genes is due to decondensation of DNP of male X-chromosome which renders its loci twice as responsive to activators as compared to the same loci in females. PMID- 815079 TI - [Isolation of auxotrophic mutants in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans]. PMID- 815076 TI - Numbers of 5S and tRNA genes in macro- and micronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis contain approximately 200 copies of the genes for 25S and 17S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) per haploid genome. Micronuclei, however, contain only a few copies of the rRNA genes per haploid complement. Since macronuclei develop from products of meiosis, fertilization and division of micronuclei, we suggested that the multiple copies of the rRNA genes in macronuclei are generated by amplification of the small number of genes in micronuclei (Yao et al., 1974). This process provides a simple mechanism for maintaining the homogeneity of the repeated rRNA gnes. To test if amplification is a general mechanism operating on all repeated genes in Tetrahymena, we have examined the numbers of 5S RNA and tRNA genes in macro- and micronuclei. 5S RNA was purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hybridized to saturation against macro- and micronuclear DNA. Approximately 0.013-0.014% of macronuclear DNA and about 0.009% of micronuclear DNA is complementary to 5S RNA. After correcting for the differences in the DNA sequence complexities between the two nuclei, we calculate that there are 300-350 5S genes per haploid macro- or micronuclear genome. From these data we conclude that there is little or no detectable amplification of the 5S genes in macronuclei relative to micronuclei. Similar studies using tRNA indicate that these genes are also highly repeated in both nuclei; about 800 genes are present per haploid genome. Thus, amplification from a small number of genes can be excluded as the mechanism for generating the repeated copies of the 5S and tRNA genes in Tetrahymena and it is likely that another, as yet unidentified, mechanism operates to maintain the homogeneity of these genes. PMID- 815080 TI - [Gonococcal penicillin resistance in Helsinki, 1974]. PMID- 815081 TI - Purulent ophthalmia neonatorum at Mulago Hospital. PMID- 815082 TI - [Experimental horizontal fractures of front tooth roots and their endodontic endosseous pin fixation in monkeys]. AB - Pathologically movable anteriors with horizontal root fracture can be fixed by endodontal bone pins, unless the fracture is located in the cervical third of the root canal. The apical root fragment needs to be removed for fixation. As the anatomic conditions in monkeys do not permit adequate preparation of the root canal required for endodontal pin fixation, the histological findings can be transferred to man to a limited extent only. PMID- 815083 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and mechanisms of mood regulation]. AB - Pharmaco-psychiatry has contributed to the study of mood regulation mechanisms (thymo-regulation). Anti-manic neuroleptics may induce depressions: anti depressants may cause mood inversion (with artificial "bipolarity"), and lithium has an action upon alternating disorders of the mood. Correlations with the extrapyramidal syndromes are to be noted: parkinsonism going along with depression, and the antiparkinsonian action with the stimulation of mood. The extent of the role played by neuro-hormones, beta-inhibitors, and releasing factors is still under discussion. The theoretical notion of mood regualtion makes it possible to single out a special type of psycho-stimulation implying manifold applications. PMID- 815084 TI - [Clinical evaluation of free thyroxine index, triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone assay and the TRH stimulating test]. PMID- 815085 TI - The structure of teichoic acid from Bacillus subtilis var, niger WM as determined by C nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. AB - The walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM, grown in a Mg2+ -limited chemostat culture (carbon source glucose, dilution rate = 0.2 h(-1), 37 degrees C, pH 7) contained 45% (w/w) teichoic acid, a polymer composed of glycerol, phosphate[ and glucose in the molar ratio 1.00:1.00:0.88, respectively. Alkaline hydrolysis of this teichoic acid yeilded 1-O-beta-glucosylglycerol phosphate (together with small amounts of glycerol phosphate0 and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this hydrolysis product, and its derivative after alkaline phosphate treatment, confirmed that the monomeric unit was 1-O-beta-glucosylglycerol-3 phosphate. Assignment of the resonances in the spectrum of undergraded teichoic acid revealed that the polymer was a poly [(2,3) glycerol phosphate 1, glucosidically substituted on C-1 of glycerol with beta-glucose. PMID- 815086 TI - Binding of secretory component to human immunoglobulin M. AB - The binding of human free secretory component to immoglobulin M (IgM) has been studied in vitro as a model for the formation of complexes between the two proteins in vivo. Three IgM myelomas and normal serum IgM were found to bind secretory component in amounts from 0.8 to 2.0 mol per mol of IgM. This variation in binding was not related to a corresponding variation of the J-chain content of the immunoglobulins, but more likely it was due to varying amounts of unspecifically bound serum proteins blocking the attachment of secretory component. In contrast to complexes with immunoglobulin A (IgA), the binding of secretory component to IgM appeared to be solely of a noncovalent nature, as all secretory component was released from complexes with IgM during gel chromatography in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Studies with tryptic fragments of one of the IgM myelomas indicated that the binding site for secretory component is located on the (Fc)5mu part of the IgM pentamer. Finally, only minimal conformational changes were found to accompany complex formation between secretory component and IgM, analogous to what has earlier been reported for the attachment of the secretory component to IgA. PMID- 815087 TI - Differentiation of the nucleotide pyrophosphatases of rat-liver plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum by enzymic iodination. AB - Enzymic iodination of isolated rat hepatocytes and of rat livers perfused in situ was used to discriminate between the nucleotide pyrophosphatases of endoplasmic reticulum and of plasma membranes. The location of the latter on the cell surface could also be substantiated by this method. The activity of the microsomal enzyme increased after phenobarbital treatment of the animals. The nucleotide pyrophosphates from both subcellular fractions were solubilized, purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and their 125I content determined. The labelling of the enzyme obtained from plasma membranes was several-fold higher than that of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase from endoplasmic reticulum. This indicates a bimodal distribution of nucleotide pyrophosphatase in rat liver and the accessibility of the plasma membrane enzyme from the extracellular space. PMID- 815088 TI - Accumulation of replicative DNA intermediates in Tetrahymena after excision repairable damage to DNA. AB - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the eukaryotic organism Tetrahymena pyriformis by thymine starvation results in the formation and accumulation of a distinct class of DNA during the first hour after re-initiation of the synthesis. This DNA, when synthesized in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), bands as a distinct peak at an intermediate density of (see article) in a neutral CsCl buoyant density gradient. Following short pulses of BrdUrd, the DNA of intermediate density accounts for up to 90% of the newly synthesized DNA and binding assays on nitrocellulose filters show the presence of single-stranded regions. Alkaline buoyant density and alkaline velocity gradients clearly demonstrate the presence of non-covalently linked newly synthesized fragments with an average length shorter than that of the parental strands. Pulse experiments show that the DNA of intermediate density is progressively converted to fully hybrid (light - heavy) DNA molecules. It is therefore suggested that in response to damage caused by thymine starvation, a replicative DNA intermediate accumulates at the growing point. A similar phenomenon has also been observed after irridation with ultraviolet light. The effect of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide on the formation on the intermediate and the fully hybrid material is also described. PMID- 815089 TI - UDP-glucuronyltransferase in perfused rat liver and in microsomes. Glucuronidation of bilirubin. AB - In perfused rat liver and in fistula rats the formation of bilirubin conjugates was studied after labeling with [14C]bilirubin,5-amino [14C]levulinic acid and [14C]hemin. The latter two compounds were used to study heme degradation to bilirubin from intrahepatic and extrahepatic sources, respectively. Bilirubin glucuronides were the major conjugates in fistula bile. In liver perfusion bile the proportion of non-glucuronide conjugates was increased. After a high dose of hemin (2.5 mumol) bilirubin glucuronides were decreased compared with other bilirubin conjugates both in fistula bile and in liver perfusion bile. In addition green pigments were formed. These alterations were reversed in chronically hemin-treated rats in which heme oxygenase had been induced. The interference of UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronic acid with bilirubin glucuronidation and glucosidation was studied in liver microsomes. UDP-glucose did not affect bilirubin glucuronidation in native microsomes in which UDP glucuronyltransferase activity is constrained. When this constraint was released by various treatments altering membrane structure UDP-glucose markedly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation. However, under these conditions bilirubin glucosidation was unaffected by UDP-glucuronic acid. The results suggest that the release of the constraint of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in vivo may lead to a decrease of the proportion of bilirubin glucuronides to other bilirubin conjugates in bile. PMID- 815090 TI - Immediate transition from a petit mal absence into a grand mal seizure. Case report. AB - Petit mal absences in childhood are often followed by grand mal seizures in adolescence and a coexistence of both types of seizures is not uncommon at all. It is noteworthy, however, that such a coexistence does not imply immediate transition from one type of seizure into the other one. Hence, a grand mal attack may be prepared by all sorts of focal seizures, psychomotor automatisms or bilateral-synchronous myoclonus but immediately preceding petit mal (with generalized spike-wave discharges) is probably extremely rare. The presented case is characterized by unusually late onset of petit mal and grand mal seizures at age 32 and, following a mild head injury, a few episodes of petit mal status (ictal stupor) at age 52. At that time, a series of petit mal absences and eventually a smooth transition from petit mal to grand mal could be recorded. Uncommon frequency characteristics (especially some interspersed spiking at a rate of 9-15/sec) were found at the onset of the ictal spike-wave activity during the petit mal absences. This is regarded as the expression of failing inhibitory mechanisms which generally prevent the immediate development of a grand mal out of a petit mal absence. PMID- 815091 TI - Gram-negative rod bacteremia in cancer patients. A review with emphasis on the antibody response. PMID- 815092 TI - Gnotobiotics in hematology: improvement of treatment of acute leukemia. PMID- 815093 TI - Analysis of studies on protected environments and prophylactic antibiotics in adult acute leukemia. PMID- 815094 TI - Aggressive cancer treatment and its role in predisposing to infection. PMID- 815095 TI - [Experimental toxocologic study of some trichlorobiphenyl isomers]. AB - The authors, after having performed the preparation of a few pure trichlorobiphenyl isomers, proceeded with a preliminary toxicological study of the rat which should then facilitate study for a commerical product. The fixation level of these compounds is considerably higher in lipids and in the spleen than in the other organs. Urinary elimination is very low compared with faecal excretion; furthermore, chromatographic analysis makes it possible to shed light on phenolic products of transformation in the excreta, some of which it was possible to identify with hydroxylated trichlorobiphenyls synthesized in the laboratory. PMID- 815096 TI - Sensitivity of murine hemopoietic stem cells to lectin cytotoxicity. AB - The response of normal murine bone marrow and mastocytoma cells to the cytotoxic effect of the four lectins WGA, PHA, SBA and Con A was studied. It was found that the two types of cells had similar sensitivities to each of the four lectins, as judged by decreased ability to develop colony growth in soft agar. They differed, however, in their sensitivity to particular lectins. The cells were most sensitive to WGA, less sensitive to PHA and SBA, and least sensitive to Con A. In further experiments, carried out on bone marrow cells, it was found that pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and committed stem cells (CFU-C) were equally sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of WGA. Incubation of bone marrow cells with 12 mug/ml WGA at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes had no effect on CFU-C; incubation for 60 minutes produced a 70% decrease in CFU-C. Additional periods of incubation up to 120 minutes did not further affect CFU-C, suggesting that some particular phase of the cell cycle may be sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of lectins. PMID- 815097 TI - The response of 8th nerve fibers to horizontal sinusoidal oscillation in the alert monkey. AB - 1. The activity of single units in the vestibular nerve was recorded in alert monkeys in stationary positions and during horizontal sinusoidal angular rotations at frequencies from 0.10 to 4.0 Hz. 2. All units encountered had a spontaneous discharge rate which varied from 48.61 to 178.25 spikes/sec. The regularity of firing for each unit also varied. 3. To ipsilateral rotation of the animal the units responded with an increase in firing rate. Rotations in the opposite direction decreased the firing rate relative to the spontaneous discharge rate. The unit response was indicative of imposed velocity rather than acceleration or position. The harmonic distortion of the unit response was not a function of frequency of oscillation. For 43 units at 0.78 Hz the harmonic distortion averaged 23.9%. 4. There was some correlation between the regularity of spontaneous discharge of each unit and the degree of diminished phase lag at higher frequencies of oscillation. Those units with the most irregular spontaneous discharge patterns were most likely to exhibit a diminishing phase lag re:acceleration as frequency of oscillation increased beyond 0.5 Hz. 5. No unit activity related to eye movements was encountered in the vestibular nerve. PMID- 815098 TI - Fastigial neuronal responses to sinusoidal horizontal rotation. PMID- 815099 TI - Effect of prosencephalectomy on the connections of the inferior olivary nucleus in fetal rhesus monkeys. PMID- 815100 TI - Effects of cooling cerebellar nuclei on evoked forearm oscillations. PMID- 815101 TI - Frequency-dependent mating success among mutant ebony of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815102 TI - Occurrence of a blood group A-like substance in eggs of the prosobranch snail Pomacea canaliculata. AB - In the eggs of the prosobranch snails Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea insularum a blood group A-like substance has been detected by anti-A from the snails Helix pomatia, Helix aspersa and Cepaea nemoralis. PMID- 815103 TI - Letter to the editor: Proliferative arteriopathy in macaques and vascular neurofibromatosis. PMID- 815104 TI - Expenditures for organized family planning services in the United States: 1974. PMID- 815106 TI - [Polychlorobiphenyls in the human adipose tissue: experimental assay and its possible hygienic significance]. PMID- 815105 TI - [Prospects for using IR spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical analysis of penicillin group preparations. II. IR spectroscopy as a method of identifying oxacillins and phenoxymethl penicillins]. PMID- 815107 TI - [Experimental therapy of burn infection caused by pyocyanic bacilli]. AB - The chemotherapeutic effect of di-N-quinoxaline oxide derivatives--quinoxidine and diaxidine, as contrasted to that of carbenicillin and hentamycin with their 3 and 10-day application, was studied on a model of a burn in mice infected with Pseudomonas eruginosa. The results achieved by the quinoxidine and dioxidine medication proved much better than those obtained by the use of carbenicillin and hentamycin. PMID- 815108 TI - Nucleotide sequence of Drosophila melanogaster 5S RNA: evidence for a general 5S RNA model. PMID- 815109 TI - [Chromatographic method of identifying 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline and nitrofungin]. PMID- 815110 TI - Ovary-autonomous maternal inheritance at a developmental locus in Drosophila. PMID- 815111 TI - Differentiation in cultures derived from embryonic chicken muscle. I. Muscle specific enzyme changes before fusion in EGTA-synchronized cultures. PMID- 815112 TI - Patterns of pigmentation color states regulated by the y locus in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815113 TI - Autonomous cellular differentiation of homoeotic bithorax mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815114 TI - Effect of the Wingless (wg1) mutation on wing and haltere development in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815115 TI - Morphogenetic fate map of prospective adult structures of the honey bee. PMID- 815116 TI - Specific protein synthesis in cellular differentiation. III. The eggshell proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and their program of synthesis. PMID- 815117 TI - Inhibition of cellular differentiation by phospholipase C. II. Separation of fusion and recognition among myogenic cells. PMID- 815118 TI - Cytoplasmic continuity between embryonic cells and the primitive yolk sac during early gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815119 TI - The ontogeny of germ plasm during oogenesis in Drosophila. PMID- 815120 TI - Selective responding by recently separated juvenile rhesus monkeys to the calls of their mothers. AB - Four juvenile rhesus monkeys responded to the coo-type vocalization of their respective mothers by increasing dramatically their own vocalization rate and their locomotor activities. The juveniles appeared quite disturbed when they heard their mothers voices and this disturbance was, with one exception, apparently specific to their own mothers. PMID- 815121 TI - Insulin degradation. XVI. Evidence for the sequential degradative pathway in isolated liver cells. AB - Isolated liver cells contain insulin-degrading activity. Examination by chromatography on Sephadex G-75 of the products formed from 125I-insulin (1 nM or 1 muM) upon incubation with suspensions of hepatocytes for various time periods showed that there is at first a transient accumulation of the intermediate product, A chain, which is further hydrolyzed by protease(s) to low-molecular weight components. These results indicate that the sequential degradative pathway is operative, both at low and high concentrations of insulin, in isolated liver cells, i.e., the insulin is first split at the disulfide bonds by glutathione insulin transhydrogenase (GIT) into A and B chains, followed by proteolysis of the resultant polypeptides, and that this system might be used for well-defined studies of factors controlling insulin metabolism. The chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) accelerated the accumulation of A chain (i.e., enhanced the activity of GIT), which is in keeping with its effect with purified GIT. In contrast to previous studies with tissue homogenates in which EDTA caused a marked inhibition of the proteolytic stage, EDTA had little or no effect with intact liver cells. Since EDTA does not appreciably penetrate the cell membrane, these data suggest that GIT activity either occurs on the cell surface or is readily available at the cell surface, whereas the proteolytic activity either occurs inside the cell or is inaccessible at the cell surface. PMID- 815122 TI - Studies in the renal handling of insulin in juvenile diabetics. AB - A technique is described for the accurate radioimmunoassay of insulin in serum and urine. This method was applied to study of renal clearance and excretion of endogenous and exogenous insulin in untreated juvenile diabetics and healthy young adults. There was good agreement between our results for normal adults and previously reported values. In six non-obese juvenile diabetics, urinary insulin clearance values, both basal (fasting) and following glucose loading (entire range 0.03 ml/min to 1.23 ml/min) were similar to those obtained for the adults (entire range 0.17 ml/min to 2.35 ml/min). The basal urinary excretion in these diabetics was generally of the same order of magnitude as that in the normals. The clearance of exogenous insulin, administered for the first time, was also of the same order as that for endogenous insulin. Markedly elevated urinary clearance and excretion of insulin during fasting and non-fasting states was demonstrated in four non-obese juvenile diabetics with no clinical evidence of abnormal proteinuria, though they demonstrated slight to mild clinical dehydration and acidosis compared with the other diabetics studied. Clearance and excretion of exogenous insulin was similarly elevated. This finding could reflect renal tubular dysfunction in these diabetics, and this dysfunction could relate to even the mild degree of dehydration and acidosis found in this study. Endogenous and exogenous insulin clearance in an obese diabetic child was similar to that for the control group. PMID- 815123 TI - Changes in cell surface structure by viral transformation studied by binding of lectins differing in sugar specificity. AB - Changes in cell surface structure by viral transformation were studied by examining changes in the binding of various lectins differing in carbohydrate specificities. Binding of lectins was assayed directly using cells grown in coverslips. The following 125I-lectins were used: Concanavalin-A (specific for glucose and mannose), wheat germ agglutinin (specific for N-acetylglucosamine), castor bean agglutinin (specific for galactose), Wistaria floribunda agglutinin (specific for N-acetylgalactosamine), and soybean agglutinin (specific for N acetyl-galactosamine). Cells for a clone, SS7, transformed by bovine adenovirus type-3, were found to bind 5 to 6 times more Wistaria floribunda agglutinin than the normal counterpart cells (clone C31, from C3H mouse kidney). In contrast, the binding of soybean agglutinin, which has a sugar specificity similar to Wistaria floribunda agglutinin, to normal and transformed cells was similar. The binding of wheat germ agglutinin and castor bean agglutinin, respectively, to normal and transformed cells was also similar. However, normal cells bound twice as much concanavalin-A as transformed cells. Only half as much Wistaria floribunda agglutinin was bound to transformed cells when they had been dispersed with EDTA. These changes in the number of lectin binding sites on transformation are thought to reflect alteration of the cell surface structure. The amount of lectins bound per cell decreased with increase in cell density, especially in the case of binding of Wistaria floribunda agglutinin to normal cells. PMID- 815124 TI - Fine structure of the small intestinal mucosa in infantile marasmic malnutrition. AB - The jejunal mucosa was studied in infantile marasmic malnutrition in the early phase after treatment was begun and before the onset of significant weight gain. In 7 infants light microscopy before recovery showed that the mucosa was normal or mildly abnormal in 4, and moderately abnormal in 3 cases. The electron microscope disclosed abnormalities of the brush border, large autophagosomes and residual bodies, and the deposition of collagen, filaments, and a dense, finely granular material below the basal lamella. Three of the infants were studied again during recovery. Although the histology remained unchanged, electron microscopy revealed improvement of the brush border, disappearance of the autophagosomes, and smaller and fewer residual bodies. The dense material below the basal lamella was absent whereas the fibrillar components remained. It is postulated that the fine structural lesions observed may be due to the derangements in cell metabolism caused by the severe, prolonged restriction of protein and caloric intake. PMID- 815126 TI - Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium. AB - A 3-year-old child with severe acute self-limited enterocolitis was found on rectal biopsy to be infected with the protozoal parasite Cryptosporidium. This organism is known to infect a variety of vertebrates, but this is the first report of infection by Cryptosporidium in a human being. Both light and electron microscopic findings in the rectal biopsy are reported. It is suggested, on the basis of the severity of the clinical symptoms, and on the pathological changes in the rectum, that the organism in this case is likely to have been the cause of the enterocolitis and thus to have been a pathogen rather than a commensal. The source of the infection in this child could not be established. The value of signoidoscopy and biopsies is noted in this condition and as a general method for determining the etiology of a gastrointestinal infection in cases where other studies are negative. PMID- 815127 TI - [New mutants of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Characteristics are given of 57 Drosophila melanogaster mutants catched in the South and Soeth-West Iran. PMID- 815125 TI - Stimulation of secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin by intraduodenal amino acid perfusion. AB - The effect of intraduodenal or intravenous administration of a 30-gm mixed amino acid solution of serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), alpha-amino nitrogen (AAN), glucose, and insulin concentrations was studied in 10 normal subjects. Initially, an intraduodenal amino acid perfusion (15 ml per min X 60 min) was performed in each subject and was followed in 1 to 2 weeks by an intravenous infusion. Peak AAN concentrations occurred at 60 min after both routes of administration, but were greater with intravenous infusion, 145 +/- 5.7 mug per ml vs. 89 +/- 4.4 mug per ml (P less than 0.001). Although serum AAN levels were significantly lower after intraduodenal administration, incremental insulin concentrations were greater after intraduodenal perfusion, 77.3 +/- 8.8 muM per ml vs. 43.1 +/- 5.6 muU per ml (P less than 0.005). Total integrated insulin secretion was also greater after intraduodenal amino acids, 5000 vs. 2400 muU-min ml-1 (P less than 0.005). With intravenous amino acid infusion, serum GIP concentrations remained below the assay detection limit. After intraduodenal perfusion, a mean maximum GIP increment of 468 pg per ml occurred at 15 min. In all subjects peak GIP concentrations occurred at 15 min and preceded the maximum insulin rise by 15 to 30 min. Total integrated GIP secretion was significantly greater after intraduodenal amino acid perfusion, 13,000 pg-min ml-1 vs. no measurable response with intravenous infusion. In separate studies performed in 12 subjects, no significant changes in serum GIP concentrations occurred after intraduodenal perfusion of 0.45% saline, 0.9% saline, or 10% mannitol. The results of this study demonstrate that intraduodenal amino acid administration stimulates the secretion of GIP and suggest that endogenously released GIP may be important in the enteric mediated release of insulin. PMID- 815128 TI - [Chromosome variability in established cultures of Drosophila melanogaster embryonal cells]. AB - Diploid cell lines with female karyotype for 7 years conserved the normal chromosome set. Tripoid and tetraploid chromosome sets also remained unchanged after two years of cultivation in both sublines. The karyotypes characterized by supernumerary X-chromosomes or deficient for one or more X-chromosomes are predominant among the aneuploids in diploid and euploid lines. The cloning technique allows to isolate the hyperploid variants only. The following karotypic changes were observed during prolonged cultivation: a loss of a single chromosome from the 4th pair; the X-autosome (third pair) translocation; the enlargement of a heterochromatic pricentromeric segment of the X-chromosome; the centric fusion of the X-chromosomes. The formation of 2 telocentric fragments as a result of the centromeric breakage of the autosome of the second pair is a typical chromosome aberration observed in diploid, triploid and tetraploid cell lines. PMID- 815129 TI - [Effect of pulse and prolonged x-rays in air and in nitrogen on the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - The effect of X-irradiation on the frequency of recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster sperm cells is studied. Drosophila males were X irradiated in air and nitrogen in three units with doses rates of 4 X 10(9), 10(11) and 1.7 rad/sec at a dose of 2000 rad. It is found that the mutation frequency after the pulse irradiation was almost twice as low as that after prolonged irradiation. The oxygen effect is eliminated under pulse irradiation, and the data on pulse irradiation in air are similar to those on irradiation at a low dose rate in nitrogen. The data obtained are explained by the presence of short-lived oxygen-dependent damages which are not realized under pulse irradiation due to the lack of oxygen in the track volume. PMID- 815130 TI - [Preparation of Bacillus subtilis A-50 mutants by exposure to nitrosoguanidine and ICR-191]. AB - Spontaneous and NG- and ICR-191-induced variability of Bacillus subtilis A-50 with respect to the production of alkaline proteinase (subtilisine) is studied. It is found that ICR-191 induces greater variability as compared with NG under conditions of a low survival. Six mutants synthesizing proteinases showing a changed ability to form enzymes were obtained under the action of the same mutagens. PMID- 815131 TI - [Operon of riboflavin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. VIII. Localization of group ribC markers in relation to the structural gene cluster group]. AB - Regulatory markers of ribC group were located on the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis by means of genetic transformation using DNA isolated by the phenol benzoate method of Kelly. Markers of this group controlling the regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis were mapped in the terminal region of the chromosome between phe and lys markers. A maximal value of contransfer index between ribC 1 and lys42 markers was found to be 3.5%. PMID- 815132 TI - [Mutagenic action of static electric fields on Drosophila melanogaster females]. AB - The effect of the 24-hours' action of 1500 v/cm and 3300 v/cm static electric fields (SEF) on the non-disjunction and sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster females was studied. Both SEFs increased the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals, that was shown to be independent of the boltage of the field. The action of SEF exerted on effect on the frequency of non disjunction of X-chromosomes. PMID- 815133 TI - [Regulation of alkaline protease synthesis in Bacillus subtilis A-50]. AB - The effect of glucose and amino acids on the synthesis of alkaline protease of the prototroph strain and auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis A-50 was studied. There are both general and different from one another mechanisms of regulation for sporulation and protease synthesis as one of early stages of sporulation. Most auxotroph mutations pleiotropically decrease the level of protease synthesis and the efficiency of sporulation. At the same time the differences depending on sporulation and protease formation from glucose, amino acids and caseinoacids are observed. The increase in glucose concentration in the medium from 0.5 to 5% leads to intensification of protease synthesis and decrease of the sporulation efficiency. The suppression of alkaline protease formation in B. subtilis occurs when amino acid concentration is of the order of 1.5 mg/ml in the studied combination in the presence of 1--5% glucose. The strongest inhibitory effect was discovered for 2d, 3d and 4th amino acid groups in the presence of 5% glucose, whereas amino acids of the first group stimulate the protease synthesis in the presence of 2% glucose. The stimulatory effect of amino acids of the first groups is due to histidine and arginine. PMID- 815134 TI - [Genetic effects in Drosophila caused by space flight factors in "Kosmos-573"]. AB - It was proved in the experiments conducted on the space-ship "Cosmos 573" that the factors of the cosmic flight raised significantly the mutability in the D-32 wild type line of Drosophila melanogaster for two kinds of mutations: sex-linked recessive lethals and visible mutations in two X-chromosome's locuses: white and yellow. PMID- 815135 TI - [Mechanism of inactivation and mutagenesis induced by ethyleneimine in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells. VI. Dominant lethal mutations at different stages of spermatogenesis]. AB - The object of this investigation was the frequency of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) induced by ethylene imine (EI) in spermatozoa, spermatids, spermatocytes I and spermatogonia of Drosophila melanogaster. The DLM frequency was shown to increase up to a certain level in case of storage of EI-treated spermatozoa in spermathecas of intact females. No such increase of the DLM frequency was observed for treated spematids. No differences in the induced DLM frequency between treated spermatozoa and spermatids were observed. The treatment of spermatocytes I resulted in the sterility of males; however, after the elapse of some time their fertility was restored at the expense of dividing spermatozoa. The sterility of males in case of the EI treatment of spermatocytes I is presumably caused by a great number of chromosome aberrations. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of the hypothesis of potential chromosome lesions. The realization of these potential chromosome damages in the groups of cells studied is assumed to depend on the activity of the protein synthesis or of the metabolism in the cells. The more active is the chromosome, the more rapidly are realized the potential chromosome damages. PMID- 815136 TI - [Operon of riboflavin synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. IX. Preparation and properties of lumiflavin- or lumichrome-resistant mutants]. AB - Lumiflavin and lumichrome both inhibit the growth of different strains of Bacillus subtilis including riboflavin-constitutive mutant. Lumiflavin has no regulating effect, but lumichrome is an effector and it participates in the repression of riboflavin precursors synthesis and the synthesis of riboflavinsynthetase. Mutants resistant to lumiflavin or lumichrome accumulate a mixture of riboflavin, FMN and FAD. Their regulatory characteristics are substantially altered. They are repressed by higher concentrations of all effectors comparing with the wild type. The mapping of resistant mutants showed that the most of them are located near to ribC gene, probably inside of it. The simultaneous presence of all three flavins in the cultural medium shows that the regulatory protein is universal to the biosynthesis of all flavins. PMID- 815138 TI - [Induced somatic mosaicism in Drosophila as a test for evaluating the genetic activity of environmental factors]. AB - Ethylene imine induces mitotic crossing-over between the locus "white" and the centromere by treatment of embryonic and post-embryonic development stages of Drosophila melanogaster. Embryos at the age of 0-4 hours are less sensitive to the recombinogenic effect of ethylene imine than the late embryos at the age of 16-20 hours and early larvae at the age of 24-28 hours after the egg deposition. In the latter case the frequency of somatic mosaics reaches 30%. Mitotic crossing over is considered as one of the sensitive test-methods of evaluation of genetic activity of some environmental factors. PMID- 815137 TI - [Current problems of molecular genetics]. AB - Some problems of molecular genetics are considered. A special attention is paied to enzymology of genetic processes, in particular, to the mechanism of DNA replication, gene ingeneering and the structure and activity regulation mechanisms of genetic loci in higher organisms. PMID- 815139 TI - [Analysis of the relation between character expressions on the right and left sides of the body for genes with bilateral phenotype action. Experimental studies on Drosophila]. AB - The interdependence between manifestations of character on different sides of the body in case of mutations with incomplete penetrance affecting phenotypically symmetrical parts of the body was analysed in several stocks of Drosophila melanogaster. According to Astaurov's conception, if manifestations of character on different sides of the body of an individual are independent events, the heterogeneity of genetic background and environment causes a positive dependency in the mutant stock. About 130 anomalous characters of 15 alleles of 6 genes were examined. It was found that the dependence in the stocks is practically always positive. In view of the heterogeneity of environment and genotypes in the natural populations, the dependence among predisposed genotypes of a population is obviously positive. Except for one case, we could not obtain negative dependency between the sides by selection for 14-16 generations in several mutant stocks. The possibility to use mutations with incomplete penetrance affecting antimeres for evaluation of heterogeneity of the environment and the genetic background in the cultivated stocks is shown. A quantitative criterion of the heterogeneity is given. PMID- 815140 TI - Cell lineage analysis of kynurenine producing organs in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815141 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster: a quantitative character. PMID- 815142 TI - [Determination of the biological damage of water-endangering compounds by means of the inhibition of cell proliferation in the blue alga Microcystis]. PMID- 815143 TI - [The anti-Rh D immunoglobulin and the use of plasmapheresis as an improvement of its production]. PMID- 815144 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and acetylcholine receptor]. PMID- 815145 TI - Tissue distribution and excretion of tritiated tetrachlorodibenzo-p-doxin in non human primates and rats. PMID- 815146 TI - Patterns of chloroform metabolism. PMID- 815147 TI - [Parenteral feeding in man. Utilization and metabolic effects of parenterally administered hexoses]. PMID- 815148 TI - [Prolactin. New clinical importance of a phylogenetically old hormone]. AB - New clinical significance of a phylogenetically old hormone. Recently, human Prolactin(hPRL) has been established as an anterior pituitary hormone which can be separated from growth hormone. By radioimmunoassay of hPRL it could be shown that many pituitary tumors formerly thought to be hormonally inactive, were in fact producing prolactin. Hyperprolactinaemia, with and without pituitary tumors, causing amenorrhea and galactorrhea in females, and loss of libido and impotence in males, can be treated effectively by neurosurgical procedures in tumor cases, or by medical inhibition of hPRL-secretion with bromocryptin. PMID- 815149 TI - [Epilepsy with impulsive petit mal. Myoclonal juvenile petit mal]. PMID- 815151 TI - The case for a flexible, long-term sheltered workshop for psychiatric patients. AB - In making his case for a flexible, long-term sheltered workshop, the author presents seven propositions that he supports with reviews of outcome studies in psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation. He submits that it is unrealistic to expect a lasting cure for many psychiatric patients; that despite rehospitilizations, many patients spend most of their lives in the community, where their vocational performance is poor; that total vocational rehabilitation is an unrealistic goal for many of the patients but that in our culture employment is essential to self-respect; and that hospital patients can and will work in hospital workshops and in community workshops after discharge. In addition, he describes a work-for-pay program affiliated with a psychiatric day hospital. PMID- 815150 TI - [Studies on glucose, amino acid and protein metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis in relation to plasma levels of human growth hormone (author's transl)]. AB - Derangements in glucose, amino acid and protein metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis were examined with special reference to plasma levels of human growth hormone (HGH). Changes in blood glucose, IRI (immunoreactive insulin), HGH, FFA (free fatty acid) and plasma free amino acid levels were determined in controls and patients following either oral glucose load, protein feeding or intravenous arginine infusion. 1) In patients with liver cirrhosis, incidence of glucose intolerance after glucose tolerance test (GTT) was high and IRI levels were elevated in the fasting state as well as after glucose, protein or arginine loads. 2) Fasting levels of blood HGH were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis than in controls. GTT revealed that blood HGH levels decreased slightly during the rising phase of blood glucose, and conversely, increased during the falling phase of glucose (180 minutes after the glucose load) both in controls and in patients. In cirrhotic patients, marked increases in HGH levels were observed both 120 minutes after the protein load and 60 minutes after the arginine infusion. 3) Fasting levels of serum FFA were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis than in controls. Both controls and patients, however, showed a similar pattern of change in FFA levels following GTT or protein ingestion, i.e. a minimum value 120 minutes after the load and a gradual increase thereafter. 4) Fasting levels of plasma free amino acids were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls. After the glucose load, however, slight decrease was noted in some amino acid levels. All the amino acid levels examined were elevated following protein ingestion, particularly in cirrhotic patients. 5) A positive correlation was demonstrated in cirrhotic patients between total plasma free amino acids and maximal HGH responses following protein ingestion. Similar significant correlations were observed between the maximal HGH response and the plasma level of several amino acids such as His., Ser., Gly., Thr., Ala., and Ileu., respectively. 6) In cirrhotic patients, negative correlations were demonstrated between fasting levels of serum albumin and total plasma free amino acids or maximal HGH responses, respectively, after the protein ingestion. From these results it was inferred that derangements in the metabolism of protein and amino acids in cirrhotic patients may result in an increase in plasma free amino acid level which in turn stimulates HGH secretion. It was surmised that the HGH levels so elevated in the patients may cause FFA mobilization which in effect results in the glucose intolerance. PMID- 815152 TI - A group employment program for rehabilitating clients with severe emotional disabilities. PMID- 815153 TI - Medicare provides foundation for NHI. PMID- 815154 TI - Publicly funded plan: the most equitable and cost-effective. PMID- 815155 TI - Health care regulatory policy requires centralized authority. PMID- 815156 TI - Protein deprivation in primates: VII. Determinants of size and skeletal maturity at birth in Rhesus monkeys. PMID- 815157 TI - Letter: Immunological cardiac damage and cell bound antibodies. PMID- 815158 TI - Chemical modification of peptide antibiotics : Part III. Biological activities of some ethanolamine and tryptophan derivatives and of some polypeptides containing tryptophan. PMID- 815159 TI - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. PMID- 815160 TI - Thionucleoside composition of transfer RNAs in Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 815161 TI - Fatty acid composition of some members of family Achromobacteraceae. PMID- 815162 TI - Purification and properties of pre-phenoloxidase activating enzyme in lobster (Panulirus homarus Linn.). PMID- 815163 TI - Purification and properties of latent and iso-enzymes of phenoloxidase in lobster (Panulirus homarus Linn.). PMID- 815164 TI - Evidence for the existence of two isozymes of aconitate hydratase and its correlation with 59Fe uptake in Bacillus cereus T. PMID- 815165 TI - [On the mode of action of antirheumatic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Since the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis presently is mostly unknown, the therapeutical efforts are focussed on attempts to influence the pathogeneic events occurring in this disease. Among the discussed pathogenic mechanisms aberration of immunereactions seem to play an important role. The drugs mainly used for basical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are cytostatics, D penicillamine, gold salts and chloroquine. The clinical experiences with these drugs and their mode of action are reviewed. PMID- 815166 TI - Chemical typing of human immunoglobulin VH subgroups. PMID- 815167 TI - Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of bovine serum and colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses. PMID- 815168 TI - Variability among guinea pig antibody populations produced by varying the immunizing dose of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase. PMID- 815169 TI - Cleavage products of C4b produced by enzymes in human serum. PMID- 815170 TI - Some properties of IgG1 and IgG2 globulins from normal and adjuvant stimulated guinea-pigs. PMID- 815171 TI - Evidence for a serum inhibitor of Clq. PMID- 815172 TI - Immunodiffusion in gels containing erythrocyte antigen-II: Analysis of experiments involving the diffusion of antiserum from a circular well. PMID- 815173 TI - Physicochemical and immunological properties of a mu chain disease protein. PMID- 815174 TI - Humoral and cellular aspects of immunoglobulin allotype suppression in the rabbit. IV. Kinetics of induction. AB - The injection of anti-b6 antibody into neonatal heterozygous b4b6 or b5b6 rabbits causes allotype suppression. Animals receiving a weight-related dose of antibody on day 2 or day 5 of life showed complete long-term chronic suppression of b6 immunoglobulin. Delay of injection until day 8, day 10 or day 11 of life resulted in more variable suppression, with animals showing either short- or long-term complete suppression or partial suppression. There was some correlation between levels of anti-b6 present in the circulation at day 21 and the degree of suppression obtained. Allotype suppression could be partially neutralized by injection of the paternal type immunoglobulin on days 19, 28, 30 or 43; if the injection was delayed until day 54, 66 or 79 there was no effect and chronic suppression proceeded as in control rabbits not receiving neutralizing immunoglobulin. The results indicate that the critical period for the induction of allotype suppression is between days 11 and 43 of life. PMID- 815175 TI - Humoral immune responses characteristic of testosterone-propionate-treated chickens. AB - White Leghorn chickens treated with testosterone-propionate on the 3rd day of embryonation were immunized with a mixture of sheep red blood cells, Brucella abortus and Salmonella pullorum at various ages, and the resulting agglutinins were titrated. The production of IgM antibody against sheep red blood cells was not affected significantly by testosterone-propionate. On the contrary, immune responses against the bacterial antigens were strongly suppressed by the same treatment. Production of IgG antibodies was strongly suppressed by the same treatment. There was little correlation between the production of IgM antibody against sheep red blood cells and the presence of bursal follicles. Immune responses against bacterial antigens correlated with the presence of the follicles. Production of IgG antibodies also correlated with the maintenance of bursal lymphoid structure. PMID- 815176 TI - Heterogeneity of surface immunoglobulin on murine B lymphocytes. AB - Surface IgM on murine splenic lymphocytes was capped using a rhodamine-coupled anti-mu chain system. The cells were then reacted with a polyspecific, fluorescein-coupled anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) under non-capping conditions. A large number (31-41% of total Ig-bearing cells) which gave red caps with anti mu subsequently stained green peripherally with anti-Fab under the non-capping conditions. The remaining stained cells were divided between those showing only red caps (17-29% of Ig-bearing cells) and those showing only green rings (37-45% of Ig-bearing cells). These data are interpreted by assuming that most of the staining with the second reagent (fluorescein-coupled anti-mouse Ig) is due to the presence of surface associated IgD. PMID- 815177 TI - Ferric iron and the antibacterial effects of horse 7S antibodies to Escherichia coli O111. AB - Previous work showed that the virulence of Escherichia coli O141 was related to its ability to secrete catechols capable of transporting iron from serum transferrin to the bacterial cell. E. coli O111 also produced similar compounds in synthetic medium but was unable to do so in serum. It was postulated that antibody interfered with the production of these substances by this strain. The present experiments show that horse antiserum to E. coli O111 can induce bacterial killing in foetal calf serum, which, in contrast to the bactericidal effect of normal rabbit serum, cannot be reversed by Fe3+. Five IgG subfractions of increasing electrophoretic mobility were isolated from the 7S fraction of the antiserum, all of which exerted a bactericidal effect on E. coli O111 in calf serum which could not be prevented by Fe3+. The bacteriostatic effect induced by the fractions in the presence of transferrin could, however, be reversed by Fe3+. IgG and IgT were isolated from normal serum but neither of these activated calf serum complement or induced bacteriostasis in the presence of transferrin. These results show that specific antibody is responsible for these antibacterial effects and point to new problems concerning the role of iron compounds in the antibacterial effects of normal and specific immune serum. PMID- 815178 TI - Immune bactericidal reactions by guinea-pig gamma1 and gamma2 antibodies. AB - Guinea-pigs produced both gamma1 and gamma2 antibodies against Escherichia coli K12, W3110/SM when they were injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of heat killed bacteria without adjuvant twice a week for 12 weeks. The antibodies were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The gamma1 antibodies gave PCA reaction against soluble antigens prepared from sonicated E. coli, but the gamma2 antibodies did not. Both gamma1 and gamma2 antibodies induced complement-mediated bactericidal reaction against the homologous bacteria. In the case of gamma1 antibodies presensitization of bacteria with the antibodies before the addition of complement enhanced their bactericidal activity to a degree, EGTA inhibited the bactericidal activity of gamma2 antibodies, more than that of gamma1 antibodies. It is suggested that the gamma1 antibodies kill bacteria via the alternative pathway of complement activation, whilst the gamma2 antibodies exert their bactericidal activity mainly through the classical pathway. PMID- 815179 TI - In vitro sensitivity of Alternaria daturae Peck to the culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis (Cohn.) Prazmowski. PMID- 815180 TI - [When does nutrition turn into therapy?]. AB - There are close interrelations between therapeutic and nutritional measures. Suitable nutrition is one of the most effective tools of preventive medicine. Dietetic treatment can support medicamentous therapy and help to spare drugs. Finally nutrition ranges as predominant or exclusive therapy in the treatment of certain anatomic or function defects of the gastrointestinal tract or of inborn errors of metabolism. The introduction of parenteral nutrition led to a considerable extension of therapeutic possibilities especially in the field of surgery. PMID- 815181 TI - [Efficacy of parenterally administered fat emulsions]. AB - Efficiency and tolerance of parenteral fat emulsions are determined essentially by the fate of the fat particles after entry into the circular system. - Although small quantitatively, unwanted phagocytosis by the reticulo endothelial system which may occur must not be disregarded and may lower the state of resistance of the organism. However, the plasma is mainly cleared of emulgated fat by extracellular liberation of fatty acids, the smaller part of which is oxidized immediately, the major part being reesterified to storage fat in adipose tissues by energy requiring process. - In order to avoid an "overloading syndrome" because of saturation of these mechanisms-which is easily possible-recommended dosages must not be exceeded (up to 30% of total daily calories in normal adults, up to 50% in infants, maximum infusion rate 150 mg/kg body weight and hour). - Achievable efficiencies of parenteral fat emulsions can be preestimated roughly depending on parameters of the individual cases. The most important ones among these parameters are the amount and the differently activated intracellular mobilisation of the body's own fat stores in relation to its oxidative capacity or requirement, resp. The indications which result from the efficiencies estimated individually are identical from the viewpoints of application of essential fatty acids as well as of fat emulsions as a calorie source (figure 7a and b). PMID- 815182 TI - Editorials: Problems in identifying M. leprae. PMID- 815183 TI - Tumors, cysts and allied lesions of the jaws and oral mucosa in Lagos, Nigeria, 1969-74. AB - Tumors, tumor-like lesions and cysts of the oral cavity and jaw bones seen over a 5-year period, 1969-1974, in the Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, are reviewed using the World Health Organization's guidelines for histologic classifications. The histopathologic distribution of the 286 lesions seen over this period was as follows: tumors of non-odontogenic tissues, 180 cases (62.9%); tumors of odontogenic tissue, 37 cases (12.9%); cysts and periapical granulomas, 67 cases (23.4%) and tumors of debatable odontogenic origin, two cases (0.8%). On the strength of available evidence, this report does not share the view that jaw tumors are more common among Africans; instead, the report's conclusion agrees with the "harvesting" theory: that jaw tumors, which are generally slow-growing, painless and non life threatening, are "showing up" more at treatment centres throughout Africa, thus giving a clinician the chance to see many cases of jaw lesions over a relatively short time. PMID- 815184 TI - Skeletal anomalies and keratocysts in the basal cell nevus syndrome. AB - Five cases with multiple jaw cysts from two families, and two other unrelated patients are presented. Multiple keratocysts of the jaws were found in all patinets whose cysts had been examined histologically. There were also several follicular cysts without keratinization. In some cysts there was even a pronounced proliferation of the basal cells, which resembled basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinomas were seen in only three patients, apparently because the series had been selected for the presence of multiple jaw cysts. However, two patients with only pigmented nevi showed a marked proliferation of the basal cells. An elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase was noted in four out of five patients. The sella turcica was bridged in all but one patient and fusion of the vertebrae was seen in all but two patients. In addition, a high frequency of rib anomalies, frontal and parietal bossing, mild mandibular prognathism and dural calcification was seen. Therefore, what is called the basal cell nevus syndrome may be regarded as a skeletal dystrophy syndrome. Based on the family pedigrees, an autosomal dominant inheritance with poor penetration seems probable. PMID- 815185 TI - The early effects of segmental surgery on the human pulp. AB - The teeth of two patients requiring preprosthetic segmental surgery were removed between 4 and 10 weeks postoperatively. The pulps of these teeth were examined histologically using sound teeth from patients of the same age as controls and it was generally found that the teeth from the repositioned segment retained their vitality; there was progressive degeneration of nerves except for the nonmyelinated nerves of the autonomac nervous system, which remained intact. PMID- 815186 TI - Radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joint subsequent to vertical ramus osteotomy. AB - The position of the mandibular condyle in patients treated for mandibular protrusion by the oblique vertical osteotomy of the mandibular rami was studied on temporomandibular joint radiographs exposed according to the oblique transcranial projection. Forty-four adults participated in the study, and the radiographs were taken before the operation, 6 weeks postoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. At the 6-week postoperative control all the variables measured indicated a significant downward and forward displacement of the condylar fragment of about 1mm. The changes did not increase the variability of the joint morphology. At the 1-year postoperative control there were still significant differences in the position of the condyle compared with the pretreatment recording. A slight tendency to normalization was, however, observed. The mobility of the condyle, which was greatly restricted at the 6-week postoperative control, was fully restituted 1 year after the operation. PMID- 815187 TI - The use of bupivacaine for blocking the Gasserian ganglion in major trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Five patients are reported with major trigeminal neuralgia in whom medicamentous therapy and/or peripheral blocking of the trigeminal nerve branches was unsuccessful in relieving pain attacks for appreciable periods. Under fluoroscopic control, 0.6 to 1.5 ml of a 0.5% bupivacaine solution (without added vasoconstrictor) was injected into the ganglion. In two patients with the cannula secured at its proper place, after 3 to 5 hours a second injection was given. Immediate complete anesthesia was induced in all patients in the whole innervation area of the trigeminal nerve. Conjunctival as well as corneal reflexed could not be stimulated. Sensibility returned after 24 to 72 hours, algesia being the function last restored; at this time, the eye reflexes were positive again. In spite of recovered sensibility, the patients remained free from typical paroxysmal attacks for several months or even years. Residual pain was easily combated by carbamazepine. Bupivacaine injections were well tolerated; no ill-effects of the drug were observed. In two patients disturbances were seen that are not uncommon after intrathecal injections. PMID- 815189 TI - Anti-inflammatory and analgetic effects of indomethacin following removal of impacted mandibular third molars. AB - In a double-blind, clinical study, the analgetic and anti-inflammatory effects of indomethacin (Indocid) were evaluated following removal of impacted or semi impacted mandibular third molars in 50 patients. Regarding analgetic effectiveness, 84% of the patients reported good or excellent relief from pain after administration of 50 mg of indomethacin three times a day for 2 days. The analgetic effect of indomethacin was significantly better than that of placebo. There was no significant difference in anti-inflammatory effectiveness between indomethacin and placebo. The degree of trismus postoperatively was significantly less in the indomethacin group. Due to a rather high incidence of side effects (28%) in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the routine use of indomethacin in oral surgery is not recommended. PMID- 815188 TI - Paracetamol/codeine in relieving pain following removal of impacted mandibular third molars. AB - A double-blind clinical study of analgesic drugs was conducted involving 47 healthy adults requiring removal of 90 bony impacted mandibular third molars. The analgesic effect of paracetamol plus codeine (P + C) 350 + 20 mg was compared to that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 500 mg and placebo. A standardized surgical procedure under local anesthesia was used. Insufficient analgesic effect was noted in 16% of the ASA group and in 69% of the placebo group but in none in the P+C group. On the first postoperative day, patients given P+C suffered less pain compared with those given ASA (P less than 0.01). No relationship could be demonstrated between the type of impaction and intensity of pain. Trismus, however, was found to be associated with difficulty of extirpation. Drowsiness and an increased sleeping tendency were the main side effects found in the P+C group. The incidence of secondary hemorrhage was high in the ASA group, compared with the P+C group a significance of 0.01 less than P less than 0.05 was found on various postoperative days. Registration of swelling revealed less postoperative edema in the P+C group than in the ASA group (0.01less thanPless than0.05). The main conclusion from this study is that the analgesic effect of P+C orally administered after a specific oral surgical procedure is superior to ASA and placebo. P+C also appears to have a more marked antiphologistic effect than ASA. PMID- 815190 TI - Transantral, subperiosteal resection of the palatal root of maxillary molars. AB - A resection method for the palatal root of the maxillary molar is presented, in which the tip of the root is exposed by widening the resection opening of the buccal roots into the maxillary sinus and by lifting the periosteum from its underlying tissue above the tip of the root. The method suits cases in which the mucous membrane of the sinus is healthy and the floor of the sinus extends between the roots or the tip of the root is close to the sinus. By this method, palatal opening and damage to the mucous membrane of the sinus are avoided. Pain and discomfort are minimal. In addition, the topographic anatomy of the floor of the maxillary sinus and the dental roots and radiographic methods suitable for diagnostics are discussed. PMID- 815191 TI - A technical note on precision implantation for interstitial oral radiation. AB - A method for precise radium needle implantation in the therapy of tumors of the tongue and floor of the mouth is described. The device is fabricated as a two piece acrylic splint that may be applied easily either under local or general anesthesia. It provides the radiation therapist with parallel positioning of the needles and an optimum distribution pattern. Fabrication and clinical application of the device are presented. PMID- 815192 TI - The role of complement in hydatid disease: in vitro studies. PMID- 815193 TI - Letter: Oxidative phosphorylation by Tetrahymena pyriformis mitochondria exposed to gamma radiation in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 815194 TI - Letter: Chromosome aberration yields in human lymphocytes exposed to fractionated doses of negative pi mesons. PMID- 815195 TI - The role of mucin on experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. AB - The role of mucin in the manifestation of Pseudomonas keratitis was studied. Pseudomonas was cultivated in solutions of mucin, in which it grew rapidly and then inoculated into rabbit cornea by needle pricks. When the organism was inoculated as a suspension in saline, infection infrequently occurred as small ring abscesses of short duration around a few sites of inoculation. When the organism was inoculated as a suspension in a solution of gastric mucin, infection was usually observed as severe hypopyon-keratitis with formation of a huge ring abscess. Corneal perforation and panophthalmitis resulted in some cases. It was thus concluded that the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas is definitely increased when it was inoculated into the cornea with mucin solution. PMID- 815196 TI - Intravenous cholangiography in the rhesus monkey. part I: Determination of optimal iodipamide dose during a one-hour infusion. AB - One-hour infusion intravenous cholangiography with iodipamide was performed in 3 rhesus monkeys with intact enterohepatic circulations. A series of four different doses including standard (0.3 ml/kg) and "double dose" (0.6 ml/kg) levels were compared. The 0.6 ml/kg dose resulted in significantly higher biliary iodine excretion and concentration than the lower two doses. A 1.2 ml/kg dose probably increased biliary iodine concentration a small amount when compared to the 0.6 ml/kg dose but did not increase iodine excretion. Peak iodine excretion and concentration occurred, on the average, at one hour. The excretion of iodine in the bile demonstrated no inhibitory effect on the concomitant excretion of bile salts. PMID- 815197 TI - Urease. The primary cause of infection-induced urinary stones. AB - Previous reports have suggested that urease-producing bacteria play a prominent role in the formation of infection-induced urinary stones. We have carried out crystalization experiments in vitro which show that bacterial urease alkalinizes urine, thereby causing: (i) supersaturation with respect to struvite and calcium phosphate; and (ii) formation of struvite and apatite crystals. Growth of Proteus in urea-free urine or in urine which contained a urease inhibitor did not cause alkalinization, supersaturation, or crystallization of struvite and apatite. Growth of Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas was not associated with significant alkalinization, supersaturation, or crystallization. Struvite and apatite crystals dissolved in Proteus-infected urine in which undersaturation was maintained by urease inhibition. Similar results in all experiments were obtained using human urine and a synthetic urine which was devoid of matrix, pyrophosphate, or other undefined solutes. Urease-induced supersaturation appears to be the primary cause of infection-induced urinary stones. PMID- 815198 TI - Studies on the formation of E-rosettes by human T lymphocytes and thymus cells. Effects of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and anti-T sera. PMID- 815199 TI - Proceedings: Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys by a synthetic basic copolymer. PMID- 815200 TI - Proceedings: Animal model for myasthenia gravis: acetylcholine receptor-induced myasthenia in rabbits, guinea pigs and monkeys. PMID- 815201 TI - Proceedings: Inhibition of blood coagulation factor XI-XII by monoclonal IgM. PMID- 815202 TI - Proceedings: Immunochemical studies of hexosaminidases. PMID- 815203 TI - Proceedings: Agglutination of bacteria by hemagglutinins from Pseudomonal aeruginosa. PMID- 815204 TI - Proceedings: Studies on lipid infusion to babies. PMID- 815205 TI - Calcium sulphate phosphor for clinical neutron dosimetry. PMID- 815206 TI - Implementing the requirement to reduce radiation exposure to "as low as practicable" at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. PMID- 815208 TI - A concept of value for the classroom. PMID- 815209 TI - The school health program in the Soviet Union. PMID- 815207 TI - Values clarification--where does it belong? PMID- 815210 TI - The stimulus of death. PMID- 815211 TI - Values clarification revisited. Clarifying what and how well? PMID- 815213 TI - Nonsmokers: their dilemma and rights. PMID- 815212 TI - EMT training in New York public schools. PMID- 815214 TI - Inservice training for elementary school health education. PMID- 815216 TI - What teachers think they need to be sexuality educators. PMID- 815215 TI - An instrument to evaluate the VD knowledge of elementary teachers. PMID- 815217 TI - Instructional practices of drug education teachers. PMID- 815218 TI - Individual/family characteristics of maternity clinics. PMID- 815220 TI - Teaching ideas: the smoking classroom. PMID- 815219 TI - Health programs in Illinois schools. PMID- 815221 TI - Conducting travel-study courses in health education. PMID- 815222 TI - Extra credit--make it meaningful. PMID- 815223 TI - Values clarification and drug abuse. PMID- 815225 TI - Genotype x environment interactions. IV. The effect of the background genotype. AB - Experimental evidence from sternopleural chaeta number and yield of offspring in Drosophila melanogaster bears out the expectation (Mather, 1975) that the value of the regression of g, measuring genotype X environment interaction, on e, measuring the overall effect of environmental change , depends on genes in which the contrasting genotypes are alike as well as on the genes in which they differ. With yield of offspring there is evidence of some genotypes reacting to the environmental changes in the opposite direction to others. PMID- 815226 TI - Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 66 antibacterial agents in vitro. PMID- 815224 TI - The primary prevention project. PMID- 815227 TI - Letter: Klebsiella in monkeys. PMID- 815229 TI - Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection and other intestinal parasitisms in cats from a humane shelter in Ohio. AB - Feces of 1,000 cats from a humane shelter in Columbus, Ohio were examined for evidence of intestinal parasitisms. Prevalences (in percentage of oocysts or helminth eggs) were: Sarcocytis sp, 0.2; Toxoplasma-like sp, 1.0; Isospora felis, 6.2; Isopora rivolta, 3.2; Toxocara cati, 25; Capillaria sp, 1.3; Ancylostoma sp, 9.4; Uncinaria sp, 0.2; and Taenia sp, 0.5. Infectivity of coccidia found in feces was tested by oral inoculation into mice and by feeding inoculated mice to cats. Toxoplasma-like oocysts as well as I felis and I rivolta oocysts were infectious to mice. None of 4 Eimeria or the 2 Sarocystis isolates were infectious to mice and cats. PMID- 815230 TI - Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection and other intestinal parasitisms in dogs from a humane shelter in Ohio. AB - Fecal specimens from 500 stray dogs in Columbus, Oh, were examined for evidence of intestinal parasitisms. Prevalences (%) of coccidia were: Sarcocystis sp, 1.8; Isospora canis, 1.8; and Isospora ohioensis, 3.6. Prevalences (%) of helminths were: Toxocara canis, 19.2; Toxascaris leonina, 10.2; Trichuris sp, 42.2; Capillaria sp; 1.0; Ancylostoma sp, 60.8; Uncinaria sp, 2.4; and Taenia sp, 7.4. PMID- 815228 TI - Anesthetic-antibiotic interrelationships. PMID- 815231 TI - Lead poisoning in dogs at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital. AB - Twenty-seven dogs with lead poisoning were admitted to the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital from July, 1963, to April, 1975. The major source of the lead was paint. A common history was ingestion of plaster or paint scrapings during room renovation. Most of the dogs were less than 1 year old and had clinical signs referable to the gastrointestinal or the nervous system, or both. The gastrointestinal signs, in order of frequency, were vomiting, anorexia, tender abdomen, diarrhea, and constipation. The neurologic signs, in order of frequency, were hysteria, convulsions, ataxia, blindness, and mydriasis. The finding of many nucleated erythrocytes without severe anemia was nearly pathognomonic for lead poisoning. Of 14 affected dogs subjected to abdominal radiography, 9 had evidence of ingested radiopaque material. A mean blood lead concentration of 18.8 mug/100 ml, with a range of 0 to 50 mug/100 ml, was found for 26 dogs that were hospitalized for problems unrelated to lead poisoning. Of the 27 dogs with lead poisoning, 22 had their blood analyzed for lead. This group had blood lead values ranging from 40 to 530 mug/100 ml. Seven of the affected dogs were monitored throughout their period of treatment with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The concentration of lead in the blood decreased quickly after the initiation of treatment but leveled off after 2 or 3 days. The initial rapid phase probably corresponded to the removal of weakly bound or extracellular lead, whereas the slow phase probably corresponded to strongly bound or intracellular lead. PMID- 815232 TI - The extent of the odontoblast process in the cat. AB - Earlier work has shown that in the dentine of cats perfused with aldehyde fixatives for short periods the odontoblast process seems to be limited to inner dentine. This could possibly have been an artefact due either to inadequate penetration of the fixative or shrinkage of the cells. Experiments prolonging the duration of the fixation and raising the concentration of the fixatives, examining dentine from regions and species where it is narrow and more accessible to fixatives, and looking at dentine fixed by immersion both in situ and after excision, all showed the process to be limited to inner dentine. Measruing glutaraldehyde penetration through model dentine and also through dentine in the perfused animal showed that this fixative penetrates the dentine well. Variations in fixative osmotic pressure, while having a profound effect on cells and processes in vitro and causing changes in cell shape in the intact animal, do not neasurably alter the extent of the odontoblast process. The conclusion is that the odontoblast process in the cat is limited to the pulpal half of the dentine. As a consequence, no cellular mechanism can be involved in the transmission of stimuli across the outer dentine. PMID- 815233 TI - Cellular changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat and monkey after section of the optic tract. AB - Cellular changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus following section of the optic tract have been studied in adult cats and monkeys. The cats were allowed to survive for periods varying from 20 to 363 days after operation, and the monkeys from 14 to 90 days. No cellular changes were seen in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat at survivals up to 120 days. After 200 days, however, there was shrinkage of the cells in all laminae and measurements showed this to be between 20 and 30%. In the monkey shrinkage of cells was found, and was up to 30% after 28 days and 40% after 90 days. The delayed onset of the cellular shrinkage in adult cats resulting from section of the optic tract, as compared with that occurring after eye enucleation (63 days), suggests that even in adult cats there is some degree of 'competition' present between cells of the laminae related respectively to the ipsilateral and contralateral eye. PMID- 815234 TI - Excretion of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in cows' milk. AB - Four lactating Holstein cows were each given a single oral dose of either 0.5 g 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 0.5 g 2,5,2',4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 1.5 g Aroclor 1242, or 1.5 g Aroclor 1254 in gelatin capsules. Milk samples were collected twice daily at the am and pm milkings and were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolites and PCBs. Excretion of metabolites in the milk paralleled excretion of the parent PCBs, with maximum amounts eliminated 1 day after dosing. Less than 0.06% of the initial doses of the 2 single components appeared as metabolites in milk over a period of 10 days. Most of the metabolites occurred as conjugates. Only the 4-hydroxy metabolites were found in the milk of cows given single components. Milk samples from cows given Aroclor 1242 or Aroclor 1254 contained 10 and 4 monohydroxy metabolites, respectively. Using the same methodology, no monohydroxy metabolites were detected in whole milk samples from herds accidentally contaminated with a polybrominated biphenyl mixture. PMID- 815235 TI - Effect of methionine on chemotaxis by Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis, like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, carries out chemotaxis by modulating the relative frequency of smooth swimming and tumbling. Like these enteric bacteria, methionine auxotrophs starved for methionine show an abnormally long-period of smooth swimming after addition of attractant. This "hypersensitive" state requires an hour of starvation for its genesis, which can be hastened by including alanine, a strong attractant, in starvation medium. Susceptibility to repellent, which causes transient tumbling when added, if anything, increases slightly by starvation for methionine. The results are interpreted by postulating the existence of a methionine-derived structure that hastens recovery of attractant-stimulated bacteria back to normal. PMID- 815236 TI - Translocation in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of elongation factor G by peptidyl-[3H]puromycin synthesis. AB - This communication describes the characterization of elongation factor G from Bacillus subtilis by the translocation of "native" peptide donors. Translocation was followed by elongation factor G-dependent increase in the synthesis of peptidyl-[3H]puromycin using "washed" ribosomes carrying in vivo-bound peptidyl transfer ribonucleic acid ("native" peptidyl-transfer ribonucleic acid) molecules as peptide donors. Such ribosomes were obtained from cell extracts by washing at a high salt concentration. The use of "native" peptide donors facilitated the study of translocation under conditions that are closer to the in vivo state than those in the methods previously employed. PMID- 815237 TI - Bacteriophage resistance in Bacillus subtilis 168, W23, and interstrain transformants. AB - Strains of Bacillus subtilis 168 deficient in glucosylated teichoic acid vary in their resistance to bacteriophage infection. Although glucosylated teichoic acid is important for bacteriophage attachment, the results demonstrate that alternate receptor sites exist. Non-glucosylated cell wall mutants could be assigned to specific classes (gtaA, gtaB, gtaC) by their pattern of resistance to three closely related bacteriophages (phi25, phie, SP82). In addition to glucosylation, the type of teichoic acid was also important for bacteriophage attachment. B. subtilis strains 168 and W23 have different teichoic acids in their cell walls and have varied susceptibilities to bacteriophage infection. Transfer of bacteriophage resistance from strain W23 into a derivative of strain 168 was accomplished. The resistant bacteria obtained were imparied in their ability to adsorb bacteriophage and in their capacity to be transfected by bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 815238 TI - Turnover and spreading of old wall during surface growth of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The steady-state concentration of cell wall turnover products in the medium of Bacillus subtilis 168 growing exponentially on a casein hydrolysate-supplemented medium is equivalent to an overall rate of turnover of less than 10% per generation. After transfer of a steady-labeled culture to nonradioactive medium, the rate of release of labeled turnover products increased exponentially for up to two generations. The rate of turnover finally attained by this culture reached an apparently first-order rate of about 50% per generation. The addition of soluble autolytic activity to growing cultures of a mutant possessing a reduced rate of wall turnover resulted in a marked stimulation in the rate of solubilization of the cell wall fraction. The increased rate of solubilization produced was proportional to the concentration of added enzyme and remained constant until less than 20% of the wall originally present was left. Autolytic activity added under these conditions was bound entirely to wall at least one generation old. The results are interpreted in terms of a model for cell wall growth in which wall two or more generations old covers a total surface area at least four times larger than that occupied at the time of synthesis, forming a shallow outer layer (overlying newer wall) from which all turnover takes place. The model is discussed in relation to previous attempts to determine the pattern of surface expansion in bacilli. PMID- 815239 TI - Layered distribution, according to age, within the cell wall of bacillus subtilis. AB - When soluble autolytic activity was added to growing cultures of a mutant possessing a reduced rate of cell wall turnover, there was a delay of more than one generation before solubilization of new cell wall began, in contrast to the immediate increase in the rate of solubilization of old cell wall. A similar delay was found before turnover of new cell wall occurred in the parent, in agreement with a previous report (Mauck et al., 1971). When sodium lauryl sulfate inactivated cell walls were prepared, the great bulk of the wall formed a uniformly susceptible substrate to added autolytic activity. The immediate solubilization of new wall eliminates insusceptibility to autolytic enzyme as an explanation for the failure to be turned over. There were, however, major differences in the rate of solubilization of wall of different ages. During solubilization of the initial 30% of the cell wall preparation, wall two generations old was solubilized at least seven times faster than wall one-half a generation old. This result is interpreted in terms of differences in accessibility. The cell wall is seen as consisting of a series of layers, the age of which increases with the distance from the membrane, such that wall newly synthesized on the membrane passes out through the thickness of the cell wall layer during subsequent growth and only becomes susceptible to turnover as it reaches the outer surface, largely in the form of a layer, more than one generation after incorporation. PMID- 815240 TI - Morphological study of the reversion to bacillary form, of Bacillus megaterium protoplasts. AB - Protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium readily reverted to bacillary form in liquid media and when plated in a soft-agar layer onto the surface of appropriate agar media. Three phases of the reversion sequence could be differentiated by phase contrast microscopy: (i) increase in size of the individual protoplasts, (ii) non oriented division of the protoplasts and (iii) outgrowth of the bacillary forms. With time-lapse photomicrography, reversion sequences of single protoplasts were demonstrated. PMID- 815241 TI - Bacteriophage SP50 as a marker for cell wall growth in Bacillus subtilis. AB - When grown under conditions of phosphate limitation, Bacillus subtilis W23 lacked wall teichoic acid and did not adsorb phage SP50. During transition from growth under conditions of phosphate limitation to those of potassium limitation, the bacteria developed an ability to adsorb phage which increased exponentially in relation to their content of wall teichoic acid. During transition in the reverse direction, the bacteria retained near-maximum phage-binding properties until their content of wall teichoic acid had fallen to a fairly low level. These observations suggest that newly incorporated wall material does not immediately appear at the cell surface in a structure to which phage can adsorb. Examination of the location of adsorbed phage particles showed that recently incorporated receptor material appeared at the cell surface first along the length of the cylindrical portion of the cell. The results are consistent with models of wall assembly in which newly synthesized wall material is intercalated at a large number of sites that are distributed along the length of the cell. This newly incorporated material may be located initially at a level underlying the surface of the cell and may become exposed at the surface only during subsequent growth. Incorporation of new material may also proceed rapidly into the developing septa, but new wall material is incorporated into existing polar caps more slowly, or perhaps not at all. PMID- 815242 TI - Chromosomal location of antibiotic resistance genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Transformation with purified plasmid and chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from a clinical isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed that each of seven loci affecting drug resistance (penA, penB, ery, str, tet, chl, and env) was chromosomal. PMID- 815243 TI - Translocation in Bacillus subtilis: irreversible inactivation of elongation factor G and viability of a temperature- sensitive mutant. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 lost its viability irreversibly when grown at temperatures higher than 50 C. It is suggested that this loss of viability is due to irreversible alteration of elongation factor G activity, which was shown in vitro by two different assay methods. PMID- 815244 TI - Activator specificity of pyruvate kinase from lactic streptococci. AB - The pyruvate kinase from lactic streptococci was activated by 20 structurally dissimilar sugar phosphates and glycolytic intermediates. Nine compounds were more effective activators than fructose-1,6-diphosphate. PMID- 815245 TI - Identification of coreplicating chromosomal sectors in Bacillus subtilis by nitrosoguanidine-induced comutation. AB - The simultaneous replication of four regions of dichotomously replicating chromosomes of Bacillus subtilis has been detected by means of nitrosoguanidine induced comutation. The map distance between successive rounds of replication has been measured as one-half a replicative arm in cells growing exponentially in rich medium. PMID- 815246 TI - Order of expression of genes affecting septum location during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The mean volumes of stationary-phase cells of wild-type and asporogenous mutants of Bacillus subtilis have been measured. Mutants blocked at stage 0 of sporulation either produced cells that had the same volume as the developing sporangium or they divided to produce cells of one-half this volume. The order of expression of the genes affected by the mutations in these strains was determined by biochemical characterization and by construction of double sporulation mutants. Mutants that produced small cells were blocked at an earlier stage of sporulation than those that produced large cells. It is suggested that the following dependent sequence must occur before the formation of the prespore spetum: (i) the initiation of sporulation, (ii) a signal to block the final central division site, and (iii) a signal to activate a polar septum site. PMID- 815247 TI - Suppressor mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Suppressor mutations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified. An isolate of strain PAT, initially selected as being temperature sensitive for growth, was found to suppress two different auxotrophic mutations. A suppressor locus, designated sup-1, has been mapped and is co-transducible with three closely linked thr loci. The suppressor mutation has been used to isolate suppressor sensitive (sus) mutants of the virulent phage E79 and the R factor R18. By selecting for revertants of auxotrophic markers, other sup mutants have been isolated and are found to be of two types, either temperature sensitive for growth like the original mutant or showing wild-type growth at 43 C. The mutations giving rise to both these classes of suppressor are very closely linked. One of the sup-1 alleles of strain PAT also shows suppressor activity when transferred into P. aeruginosa strain PAO. Escherichia coli strains carrying the nonsense suppressors supC, supD, or supF do not suppress the sus mutant of R18. This suggests that sup-1 is different from the amber and ochre suppressors of the enterobacteria. PMID- 815248 TI - Evolution and utility of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug resistance factor. AB - We describe the addition to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa sex factor, FP2, of carbenicillin resistance encoded by the RP1 plasmid. This occurred in a step-wise manner as detected by variations in the characteristics of the FP2-RP1 plasmid aggregate. The addition of the carbenicillin resistance marker to FP2 facilitates estimates of FP2 transfer. Transfer frequencies for the presumed cointegrate plasmid, using carbenicillin selection, approached 10(-1) per donor bacterium. The chromosomal mobilization properties of the derived plasmid, designated pR0271, resembled those of the progenitor plasmid FP2. Plasmid pR0271 was also observed to mobilize a nontransmissible drug resistance plasmid sharing genetic homology at frequencies corresponding to those observed for chromosomal markers proximal to the origin of transfer. PMID- 815249 TI - Adaptation of a stable L-form of Bacillus subtilis to minimal salts medium without osmotic stabilizers. AB - An L-form isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168 was adapted to growth in a 340 mOsm minimal salts medium without the addition of osmotically protective solutes. This L-form had no chemically detectable peptidoglycan residues on its surface, but 0.8% of the dry weight of washed membranes was hexosamine. The osmotic stability and susceptibility to bacitracin and vancomycin of the L-form adapted to growth in 340 mOsm osmotically unprotected medium was twice that of the L-form grown in 2,680 mOsm medium supplemented with 1.2 M NaCl. PMID- 815250 TI - Thermal denaturation of mesophilic and thermophilic 5S ribonucleic acids. AB - The Tm of Bacillus stearothermophilus 5S ribonucleic acid (RNA) is 1.5 +/- 0.5 C higher than that of 5S RNAs from B. subtilis and Escherichia coli. Melting in 50% methanol and in formaldehyde indicate that both base stacking and helical regions are involved in the slightly increased thermal stability of B. stearothermophilus 5S RNA. It is probable that the 5S RNA makes only a minor contribution to the thermostability of B. stearothermophilus 50S ribosomal subunits. PMID- 815251 TI - In vitro synthesis of the unit that links teichoic acid to peptidoglycan. AB - The role of cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-glycerol in gram-positive bacteria whose walls lack poly(glycerol phosphate) was investigated. Membrane preparations from Staphylococcus aureus H, Bacillus subtilis W23, and Micrococcus sp. 2102 catalyzed the incorporation of glycerol phosphate residues from radioactive CDP glycerol into a water-soluble polymer. In toluenized cells of Micrococcus sp. 2102, some of this product became linked to the wall. In each case, maximum incorporation of glycerol phosphate residues required the presence of the nucleotide precursors of wall teichoic acid and of uridine diphosphate-N acetylglucosamine. In membrane preparations capable of synthesizing peptidoglycan, vancomycin caused a decrease in the incorporation of isotope from CDP-glycerol into polymer. Synthesis of the poly (glycerol phosphate) unit thus depended at an early stage on the concomitant synthesis of wall teichoic acid and later on the synthesis of peptidoglycan. It is concluded that CDP-glycerol is the biosynthetic precursor of the tri(glycerol phosphate) linkage unit between teichoic acid and peptidoglycan that has recently been characterized in S. aureus H. PMID- 815253 TI - Antibodies to an NH2-terminal fragment of betaS globin. I. Preparation and radioimmunoassay. AB - Polypeptide fragments corresponding to the NH2-terminal 55 amino acids of betaS and betaA globins were prepared by cyanogen bromide treatment of globin and isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. Sheep were immunized with the isolated NH2-terminal fragments, and one of these sheep produced precipitating antibodies to the NH2-terminal fragment of betaS globin. These antibodies also reacted with betaA and betaS globin and hemoglobins A and S, as shown by immunodiffusion and quantitative precipitation studies. A radioimmunoassay was developed using the radioiodinated NH2-terminal fragment as tracer, and dextran coated charcoal for separating bound and free peptide. The radioimmunoassay was used to characterize the interaction of the antibodies and the NH2-terminal fragment of betaS globin. PMID- 815252 TI - Effects of chloramine on Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The lesions induced in Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after treating bacterial cells (in vivo) and bacterial DNA (in vitro) with chloramine were studied biologically and physically. Single-strand breaks and a few double strand scissions (at higher chloramine doses) accompanied loss of DNA transforming activity in both kinds of treatments. Chloramine was about three times more efficient in vitro than in vivo in inducing DNA single-strand breaks. DNA was slowly chlorinated; the subsequent efficiency of producing DNA breaks was high. Chlorination of cells also reduced activity of endonucleases in cells; however, chlorinated DNA of both treatments was sensitized to cleavage by endonucleases. The procedure of extracting DNA from cells treated with chloramine induced further DNA degradation. Both treatments introduced a small fraction of alkali-sensitive lesions in DNA. DNA chlorinated in vitro showed further reduction in transforming activity as well as further degradation after incubation at 50 C for 5 h whereas DNA extracted from chloramine-treated cells did not show such a heat sensitivity. PMID- 815254 TI - Antibodies to an NH2-terminal fragment of betaS globin. II. Specificity and isolation of antibodies for the sickle mutation. AB - The immunochemical specificity of an antiserum produced to an NH2-terminal 55 residue polypeptide fragment of the betaS globin, betaS(1-55), was analyzed with a radioimmunoassay using the radioiodinated fragment as a tracer. These studies show that most of the antibodies have comparable reactivity with betaS(1-55), betaA(1-55), betaS globin, betaA globin, HbS, and HbA. However, the antiserum contains some antibodies which react only with the species derived from HbS. These "S" -specific antibodies were isolated by absorption of the serum on a column of betaA(1-55) coupled covalently to Sepharose. The S-specific antibodies have markedly diminished reaction with betaA(1-55) and HbA. The S specificity was localized to the valine substitution at position 6 of the beta globin, as shown by inhibition of the binding of the radiolabeled fragment to S-specific antibodies by the synthetic peptide betaS(1-13). These antibodies, which appear monospecific, can be used to study the conformation of the NH2-terminal region of the beta chain of HbS. PMID- 815255 TI - Formation of ternary complexes of thymidylate synthetase as followed by absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroic spectra and gel electrophoresis. AB - Ternary complexes of thymidylate synthetase (Form II and Form III), which are composed of the enzyme, 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate, and the natural isomer of methylenetetrahydrofolate, were generated by titrating thymidylate synthetase (Form I) in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate with either the enzymatically prepared natural isomer or the chemically prepared racemic mixture of the diastereomers of methylenetetrahydrofolate. Such titrations were monitored by absorption, circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of these investigations suggest that the natural isomer of methylenetetrahydrofolate is primarily involved in the formation of stable ternary complexes with thymidylate synthetase and 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate but that the unnatural isomer of methylenetetrahydrofolate, when present in solution, may compete with the natural isomer by forming relatively weak complexes with the enzyme and the 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate. PMID- 815256 TI - Purification and characterization of DNA polymerase III from Bacillus subtilis. AB - DNA polymerase III from Bacillus subtilis has been purified about 4,500-fold. Disc gel electrophoresis of the purified fraction reveals a single major protein band which co-migrates with the polymerase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the polymerase yields a single, 166,000 dalton band. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme are ionic strength dependent. The average values from determinations in high and low salt are 7.6 S for the sedimentation coefficient and 52 A for the Stokes radius. These two parameters indicate a molecular weight for the native enzyme of 160,000. Therefore, the enzyme appears to contain a single, long, polypeptide chain. The enzyme has no endonuclease activity but does have single strand specific exonuclease activity. Hydrolysis is initiated exclusively from the 3' terminus yielding 5' mononucleotides, and a dinucleotide is the limit of digestion. The exonuclease activity has an ionic strength dependence of pH optimum similar to that of the polymerase but appears to be more fastidious in its divalent metal requirement. The mode of attack by the enzyme is strictly distributive. The activity of the exonuclease decreases markedly with increasing substrate size. Two opposing mechanisms account quantitatively for this effect--intrinsic competitive inhibition by interior substrate nucleotides and increasing accessibility of the substrate terminus to the enzyme with increasing chain length. The polymerase synthesizes DNA in the 5' leads to 3' direction and the apparent Km for each of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates is about 1 muM. The polymerase replicates RNA-primed, phiX174 DNA in the presence of Escherichia coli elongation Factors I and II. In contrast to polymerase III, B. subtilis DNA polymerase II has no detectable nuclease activity. PMID- 815257 TI - Delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthase from chick embryo liver mitochondria. II. Immunochemical correlation between synthesis and activity in induction and repression. AB - A specific rabbit antibody was prepared against chick embryo liver mitochondrial delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) and used to quantitate the amount of enzyme present in liver mitochondria from normal and drug-treated chick embryos. When increases in enzyme activity were produced by the drugs 2 allylisopropylacetamide, or 1,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxycollidine, quantitative immunotitrations and the Laurell electroimmunoassay showed proportional increases occurred in the amount of enzyme antigen. Conversely, decreases of induced enzyme activity produced by hemin were accompanied by corresponding decreases in enzyme antigen. The relative rate of synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase was measured by pulse-labeling of liver proteins with L-[4,5-3H]leucine. delta Aminolevulinic acid synthase was isolated by quantitative immunoprecipitation followed by electrophoresis of the dissolved immunoprecipitate on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. In normal and drug-treated chick embryo liver mitochondria, enzyme activity was closely correlated with the relative rate of enzyme synthesis. When a 360-fold increase in enzyme activity was produced in vivo by a combination of 2-allylisopropylacetamide and 1,4-dihydro-3,5 dicarbethoxycollidine in 12 hours, there was a 500-fold increase in relative synthesis, such that delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase constituted over 1% of the total intracellular protein synthesis and over 3% of the total labeled protein in liver mitochondria. Hemin administered after inducing chemicals was able to completely block the induced synthesis of delta-aminolevulinc acid synthase with no significant change in general protein synthesis. Mitochondria from untreated chick embryo livers contain delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase that migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels identically with the induced enzyme. PMID- 815258 TI - Multiple forms of rat liver cytochrome P-450. Immunochemical evidence with antibody against cytochrome P-448. AB - Purified hepatic cytochrome P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats was used to produce antibody in rabbits. The cytochrome P-448 antibody (IgG fraction) isolated from immune rabbit serum is quite specific and precipitates purified rat liver cytochrome P-448 at low antibody to protein ratios when assayed by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. Purified hepatic cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats cross-reacts poorly with the cytochrome P-448 antibody as do purified rabbit hepatic cytochrome P-448 and P-450. No cross-reaction is observed with purified cytochrome P-450 from beef adrenal mitochondria or from Pseudomonas putida in Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments. The cytochrome P 448 antibody produces a single distinct precipitin band with purified rat cytochrome P-448. In contrast, purified liver cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital treated rats gives three precipitin bands, all of which contain hemeprotein as judged by benzidine staining. At least two of the three precipitin bands are immunochemically different from the precipitin band formed with cytochrome P-448. When added to the reconstituted system, the cytochrome P-448 antibody inhibits purified rat cytochrome P-448- and P-450-supported N-demethylation of benzphetamine, O-deethylation of ethoxycoumarin, hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene, and the hydroxylation of testosterone at the 6beta, 7alpha, and 16alpha positions. Antibody inhibits cytochrome P-448-supported metabolism more than cytochrome P-450-supported metabolism except for benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation at low antibody to hemeprotein ratios. In addition, the pattern and extent of inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system depends on the substrate used, suggesting that multiple forms of the hemeprotein are present in the purified preparation from phenobarbital-treated rats. The observed patterns of immunoprecipitation and inhibition of catalytic activity indicate that (a) cytochrome P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats is immunochemically different from cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats, and (b) there appear to be at least three hemeprotein forms in the purified cytochrome P-450 preparation from phenobarbital-treated rats. PMID- 815259 TI - Characterization of fragment E from fibrinogen and cross-linked fibrin. AB - Fragment E, a terminal plasmin digestion product of fibrinogen or fibrin, contains portions of the alpha, beta, and gamma chains linked by disulfide bonds. In this study, Fragment E from fibrinogen and fully cross-linked fibrin were purified by gel filtration of the soluble fraction from heated plasmin digests of either fibrinogen or fibrin or by step-wise chromatography of terminal plasmin digests of fibrinogen or cross-linked fibrin on DEAE-cellulose. Fibrinogen Fragment E and fibrin Fragment E migrated as single bands with identical mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 or pH 8.6. After reduction by beta mercaptoethanol, the two Fragment E species had very similar patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis; each contained three subunits which had molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 12,000. Only the subunit polypeptide derived from the gamma chain in either Fragment E contained carbohydrate. The two Fragment E species had identical sedimentation coefficients and identical molecular weights by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The amino acid compositions were indistinguishable. Partial NH2-terminal sequence analyses of fibrinogen Fragment E and fibrin E were identical, indicating that plasmin had cleaved the NH2-terminal regions of the Aalpha or alpha and Bbeta or beta chains of both Fragment E Species. PMID- 815260 TI - Purification and characterization of a troponin-C-like protein from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - A low molecular weight protein found in the soluble extract of bovine adrenal medulla, and having a high affinity for calcium ions has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purification requires three steps, including ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The protein was homogeneous by the criteria of both standard and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity analysis, and NH2-terminal analysis. The calcium-binding protein is very acidic and has an isoelectric point of 4.27. Aspartic and glutamic acid together account for 30% of the total amino acid composition. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum reveals a A280/A260 ratio of 0.83 and shows discrete maxima at 258, 264, 269, 278, and 284 nm. Two moles of calcium are bound per mole of protein. The apparent Kp is approximately 20 muM. The molecular weight was found to be 16,000 +/- 1,000 by both sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The protein was found to consist of a single polypeptide chain by the criteria of tryptic peptide mapping and NH2-terminal analysis. Amino acid analysis revealed the absence of tryptophan, single residues of cysteine and histidine, and 2 residues of tyrosine. The protein was void of carbohydrate and phosphate. The structural similarities and possible functional correlation between adrenal medulla calcium binding protein and troponin-C from muscle tissue are discussed. PMID- 815261 TI - Antiserum monospecific to hepatic ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Specific antiserum to a purified preparation of ornithine decarboxylase was prepared and successfully labeled with 125I. Monospecificity of this antiserum was attained by repeated precipitation with normal rat liver. The conditions for optimal antigen/antibody reaction were investigated. When the antibody was tested against either crude or purified regenerating rat liver enzyme a single precipitin line was observed both with Ouchterlony double diffusion plates and with immunoelectrophoresis. The specificity of the purified antiserum was also evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the 14C-labeled enzyme.antibody complex, the radioactivity of which appeared as a sharp peak in the 90,000 molecular weight region. Finally, an approximate antigen/antibody molar ratio was determined using labeled enzyme and labeled antiserum. PMID- 815262 TI - Karyology standards for rhesus diploid cell line DBS-FRhL-2. PMID- 815263 TI - Tendon grafting with glutaraldehyde fixed material. AB - An evaluation of 0.2% buffered glutaraldehyde fixed tendon as a potential tendon replacement prosthesis was evaluated in rabbit and chicken models. In vivo implantations were done to determine compatability, function, and strength of grafts. Autogenous fresh grafts were used as controls in the strength evaluations. The fixed tendon elicits no cellular rejection response, is invaded and replaced by host tissues, and anastomosis strength in tension compares favorably to a fresh autogenous control. These preliminary evaluations indicate a useful potential for this fixed biomaterial as a tendon prosthesis. PMID- 815264 TI - Stimulation of melanotic expression in a melanoma cell line by theophylline. AB - Theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was found to be a potent stimulator of melanogenesis in the RPMI 3460 hamster melanoma cell line. This stimulation was greater than that caused by either dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) or another phosphodiesterase inhibitor, papaverine. Theophylline and db-cAMP treatments also produced strikingly different morphologies in the monolayered cells. The theophylline effect on melanogenesis was diminished by db-cAMP, whereas simultaneous treatment of cells with db-cAMP and papaverine produced greater stimulation of melanotic activity than either agent acting alone. Theophylline, therefore, may have phenotypic effects that are at least partially independent of phosphodiesterase inhibition. Theophylline stimulated melanin biosynthesis, as measured by rates of 2-[2-14C] thiouracil incorporation, and also caused an increase in the level of tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) activity. This melanotic stimulation was prevented by the presence of cordycepin or cycloheximide. Theophylline inhibited DNA synthesis and mitosis in the melanoma cell cultures but stimulated protein synthesis. However, inhibition of proliferation and the first appearance of induced melanotic activity did not bear an immediate direct relationship to one another. PMID- 815265 TI - Effect of acute increases in serum triiodothyronine on TSH and prolactin responses to TRH, and estimates of pituitary stores of TSH and prolactin in normal subjects and in patients with primary hypothyroidism. AB - Previous investigators have shown that daily administration of TRH to normal individuals leads to diminishing TSH responses which were believed due to rising serum T3 with subsequent feedback inhibition of the pituitary. Patients with primary hypothyroidism were examined in the present study to test this hypothesis, since their T3 cannot increase after TRH. Bi-daily TRH (100 mug) was given to 4 patients for 3 consecutive days, and repeated on a 4th day following oral T3 (50 mug). TSH and PRL responses were unchanged during these 3days of serial TRH and were unaltered by T3 administration on the fouth day. In 5 other hypothyroid subjects studied before and during 3 consecutive days of T3 administration, TSH but not PRL responses to TRH appeared to decrease slowly but progressively. These observations led us to re-examine TRH responses in normal subjects given T3, since other workers had reported that 50 mug T3 completely abolished TSH response. Responses to TRH in 11 normals on a control day were compared to those observed 1 hour after oral T3. In spite of marked increases in serum T3, there was no significant difference between the mean TSH responses of the two studies. PMID- 815266 TI - Electron capture gas chromatographic detection of acethylmethylcarbinol produced by neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other Neisseria species was established by gas-liquid chromatography and by mass spectrometric data. Sixty-nine isolates of Neisseria were tested by incubating them in a chemically defined fluid medium. The medium was extracted with organic solvents and derivatized with heptafluorobutryic anhydride for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cultures of 58 of the same strains were tested with the conventional Voges-Proskauer reagents, and results were compared with those of gas-liquid chromatography. When glucose was used as an energy source, N. gonorrhoeae, some N. meningitidis, and N. lactamica produced enough acetoin in 16 h to be detectable by either method, whereas other Neisseria species produce amounts detectable only by gas chromatography. The conventional acetylmethylcarbinol test with the chemically defined medium and maltose as an energy source might be used to develop methods that would differentiate certain members of the genus, including the pathogenic species. PMID- 815267 TI - Microimmunofluorescence test for the serological study of rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus. AB - A microimmunofluorescence test was used to study antibody responses to various spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsiae during Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and epidemic typhus (ET). Patients with RMSF reacted most strongly to Rickettsia rickettsii; those with ET reacted predominantly to R. prowazekii. The degree of cross-reaction to other rickettsial strains varied from patient to patient, but a particular pattern of cross-reaction was consistently observed in serial sera from the same patient. Fresh isolates from three Montana RMSF cases were indistinguishable from each other and from strain R of R. rickettsii used as a standard antigen in all tests. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were usually present in high titer in early-convalescent-phase sera from RMSF, as well as ET, patients. After RMSF, IgM antibodies persisted for a few months and, in one instance, for as long as 10 months. IgM responses to laboratory-acquired infections were infrequent in persons previously vaccinated with antigens related to the infecting strain. Previous antigenic conditioning from infection or vaccination may have accounted partly for the apparent lack of IgM response in a few study participants. PMID- 815268 TI - Comparison of the complement fixation test and counterelectrophoresis test for the detection of antibodies in Chagas disease. AB - Sera from 452 patients and blood donors were tested for antibodies to Tryp anosoma cruzi. The complement fixation test and a counterelectrophoresis test were used. The results showed that both tests agreed in 92% of the sera. However, the counterelectrophoresis test was not as sensitive as the complement fixation test. PMID- 815269 TI - Adaptation of the Minitek system for the rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A suspending medium was developed for use with the Minitek system for the confirmatory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and N. lactamica based upon the production of acid from various carbohydrates. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the medium made negative reactions easier to read. More isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were identified with the suspending medium in the Minitek system than with cystine-Trypticase agar media. With a suitable inoculum size, a positive identification could be made in less than 1 h; most isolates (90,8%) could be identified within 4 h of inoculation. The Minitek system is reliable and easy to use. PMID- 815270 TI - Simple disk-plate method for the biochemical confirmation of pathogenic Neisseria. AB - The carbohydrate fermentation test in cystine trypticase agar (BBL)-tubed medium was compared with a simple method using commercially available carbohydrate impregnated disks on culture inoculated Thayer-Martin medium with and without (vancomycin, colistimethate, and nystatin) inhibitors. There was 100% agreement between the two methods when a limited sample of clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Nesseria meningitidis were tested. PMID- 815271 TI - Identification of Brucella abortus antibodies in cattle serum by single radial diffusion. AB - Single radial diffusion combined with the Rose Bengal test permitted rapid identification of all of the Brucella abortus-infected cattle in a study group of 689 animals. PMID- 815272 TI - Gas chromatographic characterization of mycobacteria: analysis of fatty acids and trifluoroacetylated whole-cell methanolysates. AB - Mycobacterium avium, M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M. kansasii, and M. tuberculosis were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Methylated fatty acids of the mycobacterial lipids and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of whole cell methanolysates were analyzed. Both the fatty acid and the TFA chromatograms showed reproducible differences between the various mycobacteria studied. Chromatograms from different strains of one and the same species showed negligible differences. Fatty acid methyl esters and TFA methyl glycosides are probably the main constituents of the TFA chromatograms. TFA derivatives are easily prepared and the method provides a potential tool for species indentification of mycobacteria. PMID- 815273 TI - Human deficiency of the eighth component of complement. The requirement of C8 for serum Neisseria gonorrhoeae bactericidal activity. AB - The serum of a 23-yr-old woman with prolonged disseminated gonococcal infection syndrome failed to normally promote hemolysis of sensitized sheep red blood cells (RBC). The patient's serum was deficient in the eight component of complement (C8) as determined by functional assays, immunoelectrophoresis, and quantitative immunoprecipitation. Functional titers of each of her other complement components were normal. No serum inhibitors of C8 were detected. The patient's serum supported activation of both the classical and alternate complement pathways. Her fresh serum lacked any bactericidal activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but addition of purified C8 or complement donor serum restored bactericidal activity as well as RBC hemolytic activity. Her serum gave normal opsonization of yeast particles and staphylococci and had normal capacity to coat sensitized RBC with C8 and C4 and to generate chemotactic activity. No defects were observed in the patient's blood coagulation mechanisms. Complement-mediated bacterial lysis may be important in human defense against bacteremic Neisseria infections. PMID- 815274 TI - Antigen heterogeneity of human B and T lymphocytes. AB - Rhesus monkeys were immunized with normal human lymphoid cells, cultured lymphoid cells, and chronic leukemic lymphocytes. Antisera were analyzed by cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence techniques to study the antigenic characteristics of human lymphocytes. In an attempt to obtain a reagent specifically reactive with T (thymus-derived) lymphocytes, an antispleen antiserum was absorbed with cellf from five B- (bone marrow-derived) cell lines. After absorption, the antiserum killed 60-75% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and 40-50% of tonsil cells, so that there was a relationship between the percentage of killed cells and the proportion of T lymphocytes. However, when cells after cytotoxic treatment were assayed for rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (a T-cell marker) 5-20% of viable rosette-forming lymphocytes were found. Therefore, this antiserum was cytotoxic for only 75-90% of T cells. From studies performed with antisera prepared against spleen and B-cell lines, we conclude that lymphoblastoid cells are antigenically different and deficient in comparison to normal B lymphocytes. In addition, cultured B-cell lines appear to be antigenically heterogenous, as shown by the cytotoxic activity remaining in antispleen and anti-B-cell lines sera after absorption with various numbers and types of lymphoid cell lines. After absorption with normal lymphocytes, an antiserum produced against chronic lymphatic leukemia cells had specific activity associated with 12 chronic lymphatic leukemia cells tested. Absorption of the same antiserum with leukemic cells from two patients showed that a certain degree of antigenic heterogeneity also exists among chronic leukemic lymphocytes. PMID- 815276 TI - Osseous repair of an infrabony pocket without new attachment of connective tissue. AB - This report describes the osseous repair of an infrabony pocket without new attachment of connective tissue between the new bone and root surface. While the width of the connective tissue between the new bone and root surface was of approximately normal dimensions, junctional epithelium was present on the root surface. PMID- 815275 TI - Retardation of epithelial migration in new attachment attempts in intrabony defects in monkeys. AB - New attachment procedures were performed in 80 three-wall intrabony defects produced adjacent to incisors and canines in monkeys. Following a reverse bevel incision, mucoperiosteal flaps were raised on the buccal and lingual aspect of 40 intrabony defects. All soft tissue was removed from the defects and following transplantation of autogenous bone grafts, the tissue flaps were replaced and sutured. On the buccal and lingual aspect of another 40 intrabony defects a split flap procedure was performed. Granulation tissue was removed from the defects and following transplantation of autogenous bone grafts, the defects were covered with free palatal grafts. The animals were sacrificed to yield observation periods from 0 to 42 days. After decalcification of the specimens and embedding in paraffin, 8-mum serial sections were cut and stained. The epithelium on the full thickness flap seemed almost unaffected by the surgical procedure and had migrated between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm along the root surface during the first week of healing. The epithelium on the transplants degenerated almost completely within the first week after surgery and epithelial migration along the root surface was not observed until after 10-12 days. These results indicate that the migration of epithelium during the postoperative phase of new attachment attempts can be retarded by covering the defects with free palatal grafts instead of full thickness flaps. PMID- 815277 TI - Single reverse radial immunodiffusion of sera from cattle after exposure to Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides. PMID- 815278 TI - Adaptation and possible attenuation of Theileria parva-infected cells grown in irradiated mice. PMID- 815279 TI - The future of oral surgery in Connecticut. PMID- 815280 TI - Recipient 1975 Waterbury Award. PMID- 815281 TI - Statement to the State of Connecticut legislative review committee re--UConn Health Center: Oct. 7, 1974. PMID- 815282 TI - Modern concepts in interrelated restorative periodontal therapy--Part I. PMID- 815283 TI - A philosophy for the rationale of periodontal surgery. PMID- 815284 TI - Minor tooth movement in treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 815285 TI - Horace Wells club anesthesia award recipient. PMID- 815286 TI - The 1975 Alfred C. Fones Award. PMID- 815287 TI - Distribution of dentists in Connecticut by comprehensive health planning area and individual and contiguous towns, 1973. PMID- 815288 TI - The president's perspectives. Adio, mi amici!! PMID- 815289 TI - Modern concepts in interrelated restorative periodontal therapy--part II. PMID- 815290 TI - Co-inhalation analgesia (C.I.A.) technique employing ethrane. PMID- 815291 TI - The smilemobile project. PMID- 815292 TI - Thumbsucking: relationship to malocclusion and treatment. PMID- 815293 TI - The versatility of the intra-oral approach to correction of mandibular deformities. PMID- 815294 TI - Reimplantation: a six year follow-up. PMID- 815295 TI - Mercury inspection in the dental office (Are we drinking the metal?). PMID- 815296 TI - Stamford geriatric dental clinic. PMID- 815297 TI - Investigation: a higher state fee for the stainless steel crown. PMID- 815298 TI - Dear Steven, I hope you decide on dentistry, love, Dad. PMID- 815299 TI - The difficult complete maxillary denture. PMID- 815300 TI - Protection against harmful effects of a restorative procedure using an acidic cavity cleanser. AB - The present investigation demonstrates that direct application of a composite resin on an acid-etched, vital dentin surface is hazardous to the pulp in monkey teeth. This indicates that exposed dentin should be protected before treating the tooth with a restorative technique including acid etching. A ca(OH)2-containing base material showed promising qualities as a protective liner for this kind of restorative treatment. PMID- 815301 TI - Anticalculus and antiplaque activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. AB - The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate on the formation of artificial calculi, rat calculus, and dog plaque plus its ability to remove dog plaque were studied. Several chemically related agents were also evaluated for their anticalculus effects. The most effective anticalculus agent was 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. At concentrations of 4 or 5%, swabbed over molar teeth, it was essentially equally effective in retarding the formation of rat calculus. Significant (1% level) reduction occurred with concentration as low as 3% in rats. When used so as to mimic mouthrinse use, 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate also significantly (5% level) reduced formation of calculus in rats. All rats showed normal behavioral and weight-gain patterns. Visual evaluation of oral tissues in the swabbing tests plus visual and histopathological evaluation of oral tissues in the mouthrinse procedure showed 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate had no irritating or toxic effects. In dogs, the teeth treated with 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate nine times during a five-day period had 93.7 to 98.4% less buccal plaque than vehicle-treated teeth. The antiplaque effect was considerable in both canines and fourth premolars. In older dogs, teeth treated with 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate 15 times during a ten-day period had 33 to 46.1% less plaque than when treated with the vehicle. The effect was considerable on canines but slight on fourth premolars. In older dogs after 24 treatments during a 15-day period, 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate removed 25 to 57.5% of established plaque whereas the vehicle removed 2.5 to 22.5%. Again, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate was more effective on canine buccal plaque. These results show that 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate is an effective anticalculus and antiplaque agent that is nontoxic to animal oral tissue. The results also indicate that the dog is a suitable animal model for the evaluation of antiplaque agents. PMID- 815302 TI - Effect of EDTA on fluoride-treated dental enamel. PMID- 815303 TI - Microbial metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls. Studies on the relative degradability of polychlorinated biphenyl components by Alkaligenes sp. PMID- 815304 TI - Residues of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) components in broiler cockerels receiving two Aroclors in three dietary variations. PMID- 815305 TI - Metabolism of (+)-limonene in rats. PMID- 815307 TI - Temperature dependence of positron lifetimes in carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 815306 TI - Studies on lipids of natto. PMID- 815308 TI - Protein needs and possible modifications of the American diet. AB - The matter of protein needs is almost irrelevant in the discussion of appropriate modification of the American diet. Our total food supply system from the producer through the processor to the retail distributor is wasteful of energy and produces a food supply of less than optimal quality. The energy crisis may have a favorable effect on the food supply. We should and no doubt will contribute to the world food supply for a long time to come, but eventually the countries in need of food must solve their problems internally. In the long run, we can probably do more by attempting to conserve resources than by trying to feed the world. PMID- 815309 TI - Concepts of cost effectiveness: accountability for nutrition,productivity. PMID- 815310 TI - Elderly applicants to long-term care institutions. II. The application process; placement and care needs. AB - As part of a study of long-term institutional care of the elderly, this report presents salient data concerning 193 elderly applicants. Physicians play an important role in decisions to apply for such care. More than half of the applicants and about 80% of their family members approved of the proposed move. The number applying to homes for the aged vs. other institutions seemed much greater than appropriate; many of these applicants appeared more elibible for placement in foster homes and specialized facilities for the demented, or for remaining in their own homes. About a fifth of the applicants could have continued living independently if they had received a reasonable amount of community assistance. Action implications include: 1) expansion and more informed use of community services, 2) more programs of supervised foster homes for the elderly, 3) construction of specialized institutions for the demented, and 4) a greater effort by institutions to satisfy the desire of many new residents to be involved there in useful tasks. PMID- 815316 TI - Coping with chronicity--a family perspective. PMID- 815317 TI - The role of the medical director in a long-term care facility. PMID- 815318 TI - Senate Subcommittee on Long-Term Care issues report on nursing homes. PMID- 815319 TI - [Fetal ventriculogram in rhesus immunization. Various aspects]. AB - We considered it useful to attempt to diagnose fetal distress or fetal heart failure in hydropic fetuses using external electrodes with a feto-maternal electrocardiographic machine. The pathological tracings that we obtained have been compared with tracings from a normal pregnancy. The authors have not been able to find that there is a significant difference between the electric axes of normal fetuses and pathological fetuses. In fact in both groups we have found as many normal axes with right deviation as with left deviation. In any case we have found that low voltage ventriculograms with a triangular shape have been more common in hydropic fetuses than in the control group. We do not think that this method will be of any use in diagnosing chronic fetal distress of heart failure. All the same we think that we should devote our attention particularly to those patients that have low voltage ventriculograms of triangular shape. We would like to thank Dr Mario Villamichel for his advice and commentary on the manuscript as well as Dr Luis Senties, the Chef de Service of the Department of Isoimmunisation. PMID- 815320 TI - Spontaneous male recombination and mutation in isogenic-derived chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Spontaneous male recombination and visible mutations were observed in second and third chromosomes derived from an isogenic line, ID, previously found to exhibit a high recessive lethal mutation rate. All three types of events tend to occur very early in spermatogenesis resulting in large clusters of identical recombinant or mutant progeny from a single male. Mutations and male recombination exchange points tend to be located more frequently in the right arm than in the left in both second and third chromosomes but for a trivial reason in the case of chromosome 2. No significant differences in male or female recombination were found between the progeny of reciprocal crosses. Male recombination in chromosome 2, like recessive lethal mutation, is independent of the presence of ID third chromosomes in the same genome. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in male recombination were found when ID chromosomes were compared with others extracted from natural populations. PMID- 815428 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in single cells and chromosomes by immunologic techniques. AB - Antibodies to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or iododeoxyuridine may be used to identify cells or regions of chromosomes in which de novo deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis has occurred. The antibodies to BrdU were produced in rabbits by injection of the antigen, a conjugate between bovine serum albumin and bromouridine (BrU), or iodouridine. Specific antibodies were produced by affinity chromatography on AH-Sepharose 4B to which had been coupled BrU. Anti-BrU cross reacts with iodeodeoxyuridine. Indirect antibody techniques have been used to monitor deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in nuclei; anti-BrdU treatment was followed by goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G labeled with either fluorescein or horseradish peroxidase. By use of these techniques, labeling indices were determined in cell cultures which had been pulsed with 3H-BrdU. The immunologic technique compared favorably with the autoradiographic methods performed concurrently on the same cultures. Metaphase chromosomes from synchronous CHO cell which had been pulse labled with BrdU at different time intervals during S phase were subjected to these immunologic procedures. Chromosome banding was observed with both the fluoresence and peroxidase methods. Chromosomes from cells not containing BrdU did not exhibit banding. PMID- 815429 TI - Listeria cell wall fraction: a B cell adjuvant. AB - A crude cell wall-rich fraction of Listeria monocytogenes (LCWF) has previously been shown to induce resistance to Listeria infection in mice, to be a murine B cell mitogen, and to be an immunologic adjuvant. Data reported here show that LCWF stimulates immune responses by three different murine B cell populations that respond poorly or not at all to thymus-dependent antigens when T cells are severely depleted or absent. These B cell populations include nude mouse spleen cells, anti-theta serum-treated spleen cells and bone marrow-derived spleen cells. In addition, sheep erythrocytes coated with LCWF are converted to thymus independent antigens. The adjuvant effect of LCWF on B cell populations is not enhanced by the presence of T cells, nor does LCWF increase in vivo education of T cells to sheep erythrocyte antigens. Thus, a direct effect of LCWF on T cells could not be demonstrated, suggesting that LCWF does not act on T cells. Because of these LCWF effects on B cells, the possible role of B cells in resistance to infection by Liseria monocytogenes is discussed. PMID- 815430 TI - A simple method for the determination of complement receptor-bearing mononuclear cells. AB - A simple method is described for the identification of mononuclear cells bearing the complement receptor. Gram-negative bacteria are directly fluoresceinated and then incubated in non-immune human serum, which leads to complement fixation via activation of the alternative complement pathway. Complement receptor-bearing mononuclear cells (CRMC) will form easily readable rosettes with these bacteria. The method requires no antibody preparation or purification, uses human serum rather than purified complement components or mouse serum, and gives results that correlate closely (r = 0.9015) with the EAC method of identifying CRMC. Furthermore, these indicator cells cannot bind to mononuclear cells via the E or IgG Fc receptors, eliminating this source of possible error. This method may be used for the identification of CRMC in suspension or frozen tissue sections. PMID- 815431 TI - Characterization of lymphocytes in bronchial lavage fluid from monkeys. AB - At least two populations of lymphocytes can be identified in primate lung washings, one forming rosettes with SRBC and another forming rosettes with erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes. The response to mitogens by cells from lavage fluid is similar to spleen and blood lymphocytes. The distribution of lymphocytes in pulmonary lavage fluid is similar to that found in the peripheral blood. The identity of lymphocyte populations in respiratory fluids has relevance in understanding the immunologic capabilities of the primate respiratory tract. PMID- 815432 TI - Comparative studies on monotypic IgMlamba and IgGkappa from an individual patient. II. Amino-terminal sequence analyses. AB - Amino terminal sequence analyses were performed on the H and L chains of the idiotypically related IgMlambda and IgGkappa paraproteins isolated from the sera of a patient, Br. The N-terminal 41 residues of the Br k-chain belonged to the Vkiii subgroup, and L chains derived from BrIgMlambda revealed a blocked N terminus characteristics of lambda-chains. Comparative sequence analysis of the Br mu- and gamma-chains indicated that, although both possessed an unblocked N terminal glutamic acid, the respective VH regions belonged to seperate subgroups. The N-terminal 27 residues of the Br mu-chain reflected a typical VHiii subgroup sequence. The Br gamma-chain sequence demonstrated a VHI pattern with an unblocked N-terminus. These structural data stand in contrast to previously reported serologic evidence, which indicated that the BrIgMlambda and BrIgGkappa proteins possessed highly similar Vh-associated idiotypic determinants. Final interpretation of these findings of similar Vh idiotypic determinants expressed by H chains belonging to seperate Vh subgroups must await complete sequence analysis of hypervariable segments of the Br gamma- and mu-chains. PMID- 815433 TI - Protective effects of specific antibodies in Trypanosoma cruzi infections. AB - The action of immune sera from animals with chronic Chagas disease on Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream forms (Y and CL strains) was investigated. Y strain trypomastigotes were agglutinated by anti-CL or anti-Y immune sera and their infectivity was decreased when inoculated into normal mice. CL strain trypomastigotes, however, remained apparently unchanged, with neither agglutination nor decline of infectivity being observed after incubation with both immune sera. Sera from three patients with chronic Chagas disease clearly agglutinated and two of them decreased the infectivity of Y strain trypomastigotes. Passive transfer of immunity was achieved in mice that recieved anti-CL or anti-Y immune sera and that were challenged with Y strain parasites. These results suggest that humoral immunity participates in the protective immune response against T. cruzi and that bloodstream trypomastigotes represent a more suitable model for studies of antigenic variation in these infections. PMID- 815434 TI - Serum factors activating the alternative complement pathway in autoimmune disease: description of two different factors from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serum factors which activated the alternative pathway of complement were detected in 10 of 26 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), three of 18 patients with mixed connective tissue disease, one patient with scleroderma, and one with Sjogren's syndrome. This activation was detected by conversion of factor B and C3 into split products and by lysis of glutathione-sensitized human erythrocytes under conditions where classical pathway activation was blocked. The serum factors capable of activating the alternative pathway could be seperated into 7S and 19S-type molecules by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. In two patients with SLE, serum factors were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis, and molecular sieve chromatography. The serum 7S factor was immunochemically identical to the C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) of hypocomplementemic chronic glomerulonephritis. Antisera to other complement components failed to react with this purified material. The 7S factor was able to activate the alternative pathway in C2 deficient serum, and in normal human serum under conditions where classical pathway was blocked, but was unable to do so in sera depleted of factor B, factor D, and C3. The activity could be removed by antiserum to C3NeF. In contrast, the serum 19S activator of the alternative pathway was not reactive with antiserum to C3NeF. It had a fast gamma mobility on electrophoresis and the activity could be removed by absorption with anti-IgG and anti-IgM. It was suggested that the 19S factors could consist, in part, of immune complexes. PMID- 815436 TI - Studies on tolerance induction in vitro. II. Requirements for the generation and transfer of suppressor cell activity. AB - The induction of specific immunologic tolerance and its transfer has been studied in the in vitro response of unprimed rabbit spleen cells to solubilized phage antigens. Evidence presented shows that only viable cells transfer tolerance and that the responsible cells appear devoid of membrane-bound antigen but are sensitive to anti-thymocyte serum. It appears, therefore, that although the in vitro response to solubilized S-T2 has no demonstrable requirement for T "helper" cells, it is subject to the action of T "supp "suppressor" cells. PMID- 815435 TI - Antibody-induced ultrastructural changes of malarial sporozoites. AB - Immunization with irradiated sporozoites produces a considerable degree protection against rodent, simian, and human malaria. This protection is in part antibody mediated. Antibodies neutralize sporozoites (SNA), i.e. abolish their infectivity, and cause, in vitro, the formation of a thread-like precipitate on the parasites (CSP reaction). The present study was undertaken to characterize the ultrastructural aspects of antibody-sporozoite interaction. PMID- 815437 TI - The defect in mu heavy chain disease protein GLI. AB - Amino acid sequence studies of muHCD protein GLI reveal the absence of the amino terminal 130 residues. The molecule starts at Ala 131 and contains Cys 140, normally involved in the H-L disulfide bridges. Except for the deletion and presumably an extra H-H disulfide bridge involving Cys 140, the remainder of the mu-chain appears normal. PMID- 815438 TI - Separation of effector cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC) to erythrocyte targets from those mediating ADC to tumor targets. AB - Murine spleen cells mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC) both to erythrocyte targets in a 51Cr release assay and to syngeneic tumor targets in a microcytotoxicity assay. The effector cells active in the two ADC assays can be separated by passage of the spleen cells through columns of Sephadex G-10 at 37 degrees C. Cells mediating ADC to sarcoma cells did not adhere to the G-10 and were recovered in the column effluent. These nonadherent cells were not cytotoxic to antibody-coated chicken red blood cells. Spleen cells which mediated ADC in a 51Cr release assay to the red cell targets adhered to G-10. Adherent effector cells could subsequently be recovered from the columns by elution with 5 X 10(-4) M EDTA. PMID- 815439 TI - Two immunochemically and physicochemically distinct secretory components from rat exocrine secretion. AB - Two proteins were isolated from rat milk by using ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography and shown to be secretory components by the criteria of: a) occurrence as free proteins in exocrine secretions, as well as bound to exocrine IgA while absent from serum and serum IgA, b) immunohistochemical localization in the epithelial cells of the gut, c) dissociability from and in vitro binding to 11 S SIgA, d) cross-reactivity with antisera to mouse and bovine secretory components, and e) significant peptide homology with bovine secretory component. The secretory components were immunochemically and physicochemically distinct as shown by: a) the lack of cross-reactivity between their specific antisera and differential reactivity with anti-bovine FSC and anti-mouse SC, b) different electrophoretic mobilities, c) DEAE elution profiles, d) carbohydrate contents, e) molecular weights, and f) apparent polypeptide chain constitution. Another interesting difference in the two is that only one of the components dissociates spontaneously from SIgA. Possible functions of two secretory components are discussed. PMID- 815441 TI - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on viability, growth, fertility, and crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera). PMID- 815440 TI - Effect of cobra venom factor on the in vivo immune response in Galleria mellonella to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 815442 TI - Distribution of glycogen resulting from degradation of 14C-labelled bacteria in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. PMID- 815443 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin in mice: histopathology and serum enzyme changes. AB - The histopathology and serum levels of mice inoculated intravenously with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were studied. The toxin exerted a marked effect on the liver but elicited no demonstrable microscopic changes in other organs. The microscopic lesions caused in the liver by a single injection of two 50% lethal doses (LD50) of toxin (2.3 mug) were characterized by necrosis, cellular swelling, and fatty change within 4--8 hr and near total hepatocellular necrosis at 48 hr. Hepatic necrosis was accompanied by a parallel rise in serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase. A single injection of 10 LD50 elicited similar but somewhat more rapid degeneration. No progressive lesions were seen after injection of toxoid or of 0.5 LD50 of toxin. PMID- 815444 TI - Replication of dengue viruses in cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes from dengue-immune rhesus monkeys. AB - Dengue virus of types 1, 2, and 4 replicated reproducibly in cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes from 18 dengue-immune rhesus monkeys but failed to multiple in peripheral blood leukocytes from 25 nonimmune monkeys. Replication was observed at input multiplicity of infection of 0.1 and 0.01 but irregularly at less than or equal to 0.001. Dengue viruses in permissive leukocytes achieved maximal titers on days 2-4 of culture. Viral replication in peripheral blood leukocytes from animals immune to a different type of dengue virus and in animals immune to two or more types of dengue virus was quantitatively similar to that in peripheral blood leukocytes from homotypically immune donors. Dengue virus permissiveness developed between two and three weeks after primary dengue infections. Leukocytes of animals that developed immunity to dengue virus remained permissive to in vitro infection by dengue virus of types 1 and 2 for prolonged periods, but within six months permissiveness to type 4 decreased. Thus an immunological dependence of in vitro dengue virus replication in simian peripheral blood leukocytes was demonstrated. PMID- 815445 TI - Immunity in plague: protection induced in Cercopithecus aethiops by oral administration of live, attenuated Yersinia pestis. AB - A live, attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine, designated EV76 (Paris) F, was pathogenic in Cercopithecus aethiops when administered parenterally. Although an oral dose of 10(9) colone-forming units of the vaccine was nonfatal to vervets, a transient but severe gastrointestinal disturbance resulted in four of 12 animals. Seven immunized vervets were protected against intradermal challenge. The remaining five vervets without serologic reactions and five untreated controls died from typical bubonic (septicemic) plague within seven days. General reactions after vaccination were not predictive of later-developing immunity, which appeared to correlate with the production of Fraction I-specific antibodies. Marked differences in immunity were noted with two methods of vaccine administration (incorporation into bananas and dropping into the mouth). This finding supported the prior observation that the oral mucosa is the major portal of entry for this strain of vaccine. Local reactions in the buccal cavity after feeding were negligible. Thus this strain of Y. pestis is a nonlethal, effective weapon against bubonic plague in a susceptible species. PMID- 815446 TI - Experimental production of respiratory tract infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in rhesus monkeys. AB - Knowledge of the pathogenesis of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been derived primarily from experimental infection of rodents. As part of an effort to establish a model with a closer resemblance to man, three seronegative, young, adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated with M. pneumoniae (10(7.4) cfu per animal) by oropharyngeal administration of coarse-particle aerosol. Five to six days after exposure of the animals, cultures obtained from the upper respiratory tract were positive for M. pneumoniae. Each animal subsequently developed a serologic response, as determined by complement fixation, complement mediated killing, and tetrazolium-reduction inhibition techniques. Infection was subclinical, and serial chest roentgenograms failed to disclose pneumonia throughout the course of infection. Blood cell counts and titers of cold agglutinins remained unchanged. Althought M. pneumoniae was recovered from the upper respiratory tract of two monkeys for 50 days, there was no evidence of transmission of infection to cage-mate controls inoculated with broth. PMID- 815447 TI - Escherichia coli enterotoxin: purification, partial characterization, and immunological observations. AB - Enterotoxin, a diarrhea-inducing protein elaborated by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, was isolated from the supernate of fermenter cultures of E. coli strain P263, a porcine enteropathogen. Purification involved chromatography and preparative isotachophoresis. The resulting product appeared to be pure according to immunoelectrophoretic, disc electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal, and immunologic criteria. The enterotoxin had an apparent molecular weight of 102,000 daltons, and its isoelectric point was 6.90. The isolated product was active in inducing experimental diarrhea in adult rabbits and piglets. In small dosage it also elicited a drastic increase in adenylate cyclase activity in broken-cell preparations of cat heart tissue. The enterotoxin activity was acid labile and was destroyed by heat (65 C for 30 min). It is suggested that the heat-stable enterotoxin was derived from heat-labile enterotoxin by complexing with endotoxin or with capsular material in the culture supernatant. The antigenic relations between the heat-labile enterotoxins of enteropathogenic E. coli strains of different serological types and different host adaptations, as well as between the E. coli enterotoxin and that of Vibrio cholerae, were investigated. PMID- 815448 TI - Chemistry of cholera toxin: the subunit structure. AB - The toxin of Vibrio cholerae was separated into two subunits by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 in 5% formic acid. The subunits were designated A and B. Amino acid analysis indicated that subunit B corresponded to choleragenoid. Renatured subunit B was found to be antigenically identical to the whole molecule, whereas renatured subunit A was not. On reduction and S-carboxymethylation with [2-14C] iodoacetate in 8 m urea, subunit A separated into two polypeptides of unequal sizes, A1 and A2, with equal amounts of radioactivity. Subunit B, on the other hand, remained a single molecular species. Molecular weights of the polypeptides A1, A2, and B were estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea buffer, in conjunction with amino acid analysis, to be 20,000, 7,500, and 9,500 daltons, respectively. The carboxyl terminal sequence of subunit B was found to be -Met-Ala-Asn. After treatment of toxin with cyanogen bromide, the peptide Ala-Asn could be isolated and quantitated. From this data the number of B polypeptides in a molecule of toxin was estimated as six. PMID- 815449 TI - Size and structure of the cholera toxin molecule and its subunits. AB - Cholera toxin (choleragen) dissociated into two types of subunit with molecular weights estimated to be 28,000 daltons (A) and 11,000 daltons (B); this dissociation was effected by gel filtration at acid pH with or without urea. Subunit A could be separated into two fragments, A1 (23,000 daltons) and A2 (about 2,500 daltons), after reduction and alkylation. Choleragenoid (68,000 daltons) appeared to be a polymerized form of subunit B. A-specific antigen was found in choleragen as well as in A1 and A2, while B-specific antigen was found in both choleragen and choleragenoid. In electron micrographs, the toxin molecule appeared as a particle of uniform size consisting of subunits in V- or Y-shape and in ring form. The dimensions coincided with the values calculated from the molecular weights. PMID- 815450 TI - The subunits of cholera toxin: structure, stoichiometry, and function. AB - The toxin of Vibrio cholerae dissociates into subunit A and an aggregate of subunit B (choleragenoid); the dissociation is rapid under denaturing conditions and slow at neutral pH. Subunit A has a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons (measured by sedimentation equilibrium or gel chromatography) and has two polypeptide chains (mol wt, approximately 22,000 and 5,000 daltons) joined by disulfide bonds. The molecular weight of subunit B in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride is 14,000 daltons when determined by sedimentation equilibrium or gel chromatography, although dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis suggests a lower value. These results suggest a structure of AB4 for the toxin; studies of cross linking with methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate confirm this structure. The properties of antibodies both to cholera toxin and to choleragenoid are compatible with this structure, but subunit A has very low immunogenicity. Subunit A by itself is active, and this activity is abolished by a large excess of antitoxin but not by choleragenoid, anticholeragenoid, or ganglioside GM1 (galactosyl-N acetylgalactosaminyl [sialosyl] lactosyl ceramide; GGnSLC). It is suggested that the function of subunit B is not to interact directly with the adenylate cyclase system, but to bind to the cell membrane and facilitate the interaction of subunit A. PMID- 815451 TI - [Rubella and rubella syndrome]. PMID- 815454 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)]. PMID- 815452 TI - [Fatal case of Hodgkin's disease associated with meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Clostridium sordellii]. PMID- 815453 TI - [Salmonella paratyphi A brought in by travellers and characteristics of the isolate in sugar fermentation]. PMID- 815455 TI - [Double-blind tests of ampicillin and talampicillin in scarlet fever]. PMID- 815456 TI - [Clinical effects of talampicillin hydrochloride on urinary tract infections]. PMID- 815457 TI - [Studies on talampicillin. I. Absorption and excretion--comparison with ampicillin and effects of food intake]. PMID- 815458 TI - [Studies on talampicillin. II. Antibacterial activity and clinical results]. PMID- 815459 TI - [Clinical use of talampicillin in respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 815461 TI - [Studies on talampicillin]. PMID- 815460 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of talampicillin (PC-183)]. PMID- 815462 TI - [Clinical studies of talampicillin]. PMID- 815463 TI - [Clinical studies on talampicillin hydrochloride]. PMID- 815464 TI - [Clinical studies on talampicillin]. PMID- 815465 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin]. PMID- 815467 TI - [Experimental studies on talampicillin and its application in respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 815466 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin hydrochloride]. PMID- 815468 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin in urologic diseases]. PMID- 815469 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin in urologic diseases]. PMID- 815470 TI - [Effects of talampicillin on urinary tract infections]. PMID- 815471 TI - [Talampicillin in surgical field--its antibacterial activities, absorption, excretion, distribution, metabolism and clinical use]. PMID- 815472 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin hydrochloride in the surgical field]. PMID- 815474 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on a new broad-spectrum penicillin, talampicillin, in pediatrics]. PMID- 815473 TI - [Clinical use of talampicillin in the surgical field]. PMID- 815475 TI - [Clinical use of talampicillin in obstetrical and gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 815476 TI - [Studies on talampicillin]. PMID- 815477 TI - [Talampicillin and skin diseases]. PMID- 815478 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin in ophthalmology]. PMID- 815479 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of talampicillin in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 815480 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on talampicillin in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 815482 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of talampicillin in the field of oral surgery]. PMID- 815481 TI - [Clinical use of talampicillin hydrochloride in infectious diseases in the otorhinolaryngologic field]. PMID- 815483 TI - [Use of talampicillin in oral infections]. PMID- 815484 TI - [Microbiological evaluation of a synthetic penicillin, talampicillin]. PMID- 815485 TI - [Pharmacological studies on talampicillin]. PMID- 815486 TI - [Bacteriological studies on talampicillin hydrochloride]. PMID- 815487 TI - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of talampicillin hydrochloride. (1) Dose-response relationship and effects of food intake on its metabolism]. PMID- 815488 TI - [Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of talampicillin hydrochloride. (2) Distribution and excretion of phthalidyl moiety in rats]. PMID- 815489 TI - [Toxicological studies of talampicillin hydrochloride. (1) Acute toxicity study in rats and mice]. PMID- 815490 TI - [Toxicological studies of talampicillin hydrochloride. (2) 7-week oral toxicity study in rats]. PMID- 815491 TI - [Toxicological studies of talampicillin hydrochloride. (3) 26-week oral toxicity study in rats]. PMID- 815492 TI - [Toxicological studies of talampicillin hydrochloride. (4) 5-week oral toxicity study in beagle dogs]. PMID- 815493 TI - [Effects of talampicillin hydrochloride on reproduction. (1) Administration during the organogenetic period in rats]. PMID- 815494 TI - [Effects of talampicillin hydrochloride on reproduction. (2) Administration during the organogenetic period in rats]. PMID- 815496 TI - [Streptococcus group B infections]. PMID- 815495 TI - [Pharmacological studies on talampicillin hydrochloride]. PMID- 815497 TI - [Production of enteropathogenic toxin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its thermostability. 1. Quantitative analysis of the toxin and conditions for its production]. PMID- 815498 TI - [Production of enteropathogenic toxin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its thermostability. 2. Effects of heat on biological activity and immunological and physico-chemical properties of the toxin]. PMID- 815500 TI - [Antibodies against acute infantile infectious diseases in maternal and umbilical cord blood]. PMID- 815499 TI - [Therapeutic effect of fosfomycin on bacillary dysentery and related enterocolitic infections]. PMID- 815501 TI - [Fate of the aortic homograft in reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract--calcification and ossification]. PMID- 815502 TI - Fatty acids of mitochondrial membranes from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - We have examined the fatty acid composition of the mitochondrial membranes in three strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. All three had similar components and exhibited large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The cytoplasmic mutant, CA 10, which has a slower growth rate and unusual membrane morphology, had a slightly higher amount of iso-acids but was otherwise similar to the other strains in fatty acid composition. Arachidonic acid, previously undetected in extracts of Tetrahymena, was identified as a minor component of the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 815503 TI - Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis: changes in rabbit aorta and skin during experimental atherogenesis. AB - The transformation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into [14C]prostaglandin E2(PGE2) by rabbit aorta and skin was demonstrated by cell-free preparations, and the PGE2 synthetase activity was located mainly in the microsomal fraction (105,000 g pellet) of both tissues. Rabbits fed an atherogenic diet (Purina rabbit chow plus 1% cholesterol and 2% cottonseed oil) developed atheroma in the aortas and skin lesions resembling xanthoma in 6 to 7 months. At the end of this period, increases in the conversion of [1-14C]-arachidonic acid into [14C]PGE2 were observed in microsomal preparations of the intima-media of the aortas (2.5-fold of control) and normal-appearing skin (3.0-fold of control) of the experimental animal. Microsomal preparations of skin lesions particularly had greater ability to form PGE2 (7-fold of control). PMID- 815504 TI - Editorial: Kinetics of the phagocytic function of the reticulo-endothelial system. PMID- 815505 TI - Tamoxifen as an anti-tumour agent: role of oestradiol and prolactin. AB - Four-day cyclic rats fed 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) (20 mg) at 50 days of age had peak prolactin, oestradiol and uterine wet weights at pro oestrus. Tamoxifen (50, 200 and 800 mug daily), administered to ovariectomized rats, produced significant (P less than 0 X 05) decreases in oestrogen-stimulated prolactin levels but was unable to reduce prolactin to control values. Tamoxifen (12 X 5, 50 and 200 mug daily) produced decreases in size in DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinomata in intact rats although some tumours did not respond to therapy. The ability of the pituitary to produce prolactin was not impaired. Decreases in uterine wet weights and peripheral oestradiol levels occurred during tamoxifen treatment. PMID- 815506 TI - Cortisol in amniotic fluid of rhesus monkeys. PMID- 815507 TI - Effects of growth hormone inhibiting factor (somatostatin) on the release of growth hormone and prolactin from pituitaries of the domestic fowl in vitro. PMID- 815508 TI - Production of prostaglandins E and Falpha by corpora lutea, corpora albicantes and stroma from the human ovary. AB - This study has shown that corpora lutea, stromal tissue and corpora albicantes from human ovaries contain prostaglandin E (PGE) and PGFalpha, and that the two former tissues can synthesize these prostaglandins during incubation. Enhanced syntheses, especially of PGE, occurred on adding arachidonic acid to the incubation medium, and the presence of prostaglandin synthetase activity was conclusively demonstrated. In corpora lutea obtained during the early and mid luteal phase, the mean concentrations of PGE and PGFalpha were 34.3 and 9l9 ng/g respectively (mean ratio PGE:PGFalpha = 3.7); similar values were found in three corpora lutea from women at 10-12 weeks of pregnancy. All these corpora lutea contained appreciable amounts of progesterone and oestradiol-17beta. Prostaglandin levels were generally lower in corpora lutea obtained during the late luteal phase, although the PGE:PGFalpha ratio had increased to a mean value of 8.4. In corpora albicantes, the concentrations of both PGE and PGFalpha were significantly higher than the levels found in corpora lutea (P less than 0.01), whilst the mean ratio of PGE:PGFalpha had fallen significantly to 1.8 (P less than 0.01). Prostaglandin levels in stromal tissue varied considerably between individuals. The mean values were significantly lower than those of the corpora albicantes (P less than 0.01) but not significantly different to corpora lutea at any stage. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of prostaglandins in ovarian steroidogenesis and corpus luteum regression in man. PMID- 815509 TI - Studies on immunoglobulins of Xenopus borealis, Xenopus clivii and Xenopus muelleri. AB - Following immunization with human IgG three species of anuran amphibians, Xenopus borealis, Xenopus clivii and Xenopus muelleri, were found to synthesize two molecular populations of antibodies associated with 19S and 7S fractions of the sera. These antibodies, designated high (HMW) and low (LMW) molecular weight immunoglobulins, were isolated and their constituent heavy (H) and light (L) polypeptide chains separated following extensive reduction and alkylation in a relative yield of about 70% and 30% respectively. The molecular weights of H and L chains of the three species were determined by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The L chains from both molecules in the three species had a molecular weight of about 26,000. The H chains of the HMW and LMW immunoglobulins had a molecular weight of about 73,000 and 63,000 respectively. The two populations of immunoglobulins were analysed in immunodiffusion plates using rabbit antisera to LMW immunoglobulins. The HMW immunoglobulins were found to be antigenically deficient with respect to LMW immunoglobulins. From these results it was judged that the two populations in each species belonged to distinct classes. The antigenicities of the LMW and HMW immunoglobulins of different species within the genus Xenopus were compared. PMID- 815510 TI - Genetic hybridization of the leu-ilv region in bacilli. AB - Two auxotrophic strains of Bacillus subtilis 168 served as recipients for DNA extracted from various wild-type strains of B. subtilis and wild-type species of the genus Bacillus. Depending upon the DNA source, heterologous transformations of the linked try-his-tyr loci were either as efficient as those observed with donor DNA obtained from the wild type B. subtilis 168 strain or were undetectable. The order and relative distances of the three gene loci were the same for all active DNA preparations. Similar results were obtained in heterologous transformations of the linked leu-ilv loci, except that DNA preparations from the Bacillus globigii and B. subtilis var. niger species exhibited a reduced but detectable frequency of transformation. With the latter preparations a marked polarity of integration favouring the leu+ gene was observed, an effect not seen with homologous DNA. Six independent hybrid lines were obtained from transformation of B. subtilis leu- ilv- with DNA from B. subtilis var. niger leu+ ilv+. DNA extracted from these lines fell into two classes on the basis of activity in transforming the parental recipient strain: (i) indistinguishable from homologous DNA, and (ii) intermediate between homologous DNA and DNA from the original donor strain. With either class, polarity of integration was no longer observed in the leu-ilv region. The intermediate type of hybrid demonstrates that at least some of the inefficiency of heterospecific transformation must be due to heterology in nucleotide sequence between the different species at the leu-ilv loci. PMID- 815511 TI - Experimental studies on food selective behavior in squirrel monkeys fed on riboflavin deficient diet. AB - The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which squirrel monkeys might demonstrate self-selective behavior when fed a riboflavin deficient diet, and the extent to which such a diet might lead to digestive disturbances, general weakness, lack of vigor, and loss of weight for such animals. Ss included 12 male squirrel monkeys approximately eight months of age. Experimental Ss, fed a riboflavin deficient diet, were tested on performance on a T-maze, a "vigor roller apparatus," and observed for digestive disturbances, general weakness, and loss of weight. Control Ss, fed a balanced diet, were given the same procedure. Significant results from the .001 to the .05 levels indicated experimental S s preferred a high riboflavin diet after the diet was deficient in this substance, and indicated digestive disturbances, lack of vigor, and loss of weight as compared with the control Ss. PMID- 815512 TI - Calcium-dependent release of exogenously loaded gamma-amino-[U-14C]butyrate from synaptosomes: time course of stimulation by potassium, veratridine, and the calcium ionophore, A23187. PMID- 815513 TI - Effect of systemic arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow in intracranial hypertension. AB - In five baboons and 11 cats cerebral ischaemia was produced either by inflating an epidural balloon and or by ligating major arteries supplying the brain. Fifteen of the animals developed intracranial hypertension after cerebral ischaemia. If ICP were high, but still significantly lower than MABP, elevation of MABP by noradrenaline infusions was accompanied by a proportional increase of ICP. However, the increase of ICP was lower than that of MABP so that CPP was raised. CBF measured by the 133Xenon clearance technique was significantly increased by arterial hypertension in eight cases. The proportional increase of CPP and CBF by elevation of arterial blood pressure was substantially greater, the lower ICP was immediately after ischaemia. There was no effect of MABP in cases in which ICP equalled MABP. PMID- 815514 TI - Contribution of auditory cortex to sound localization in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Monkeys with lesions of auditory cortex were tested for their ability to localize the source of brief sounds. Although those deprived of primary auditory cortex bilaterally were able to indicate the direction of a sound with near-normal acuity, they were unable to locate its source. This dissociation of abilities suggest that the role of auditory cortex in sound localization is not so much sensory or perceptual as it is auditomotor or associative. Thus, sound localization joins loudness, pitch, and most other traditional attributes of sound as dimensions whose discrimination does not depend on auditory cortex. The question would now seem to turn to whether or not auditory cortex is necessary for any sensory discrimination whatever. PMID- 815515 TI - A peripheral "cold" fiber population responsive to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli applied to monkey's face. AB - The activity of 134 cold fibers innervating the hairy skin of the face was recorded from fine dissected strands of the infraorbital nerve in rhesus monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A precisely controlled contact thermode was used to produce rapid temperature shifts of approximately 10 degrees C/s in the cooling and warming directions with a 20-60 degrees C range. Cold fiber receptive fields usually were single spots less than 300 mum in diameter. The mean conduction velocity of 94 cold fibers determined by electrical stimulation of the receptive field was 9.0 m/s, with a range indicating an almost exclusive A delta population. Rapid cooling shifts of 1-10 degrees C produced an initial transient period of high-frequency discharges, which decayed rapidly and was followed by a period of slow adaptation. Intensity functions were linear for cooling shifts up to 6-8 degrees C, and the slope of the intensity function was independent on the base-line temperature over a 30-40 degree C range. Rapid warming shifts produced a transient suppression of cold fiber activity. Previous cooling stimuli also influenced cold fiber responses, and these effects were dependent on the intensity of the previous stimulus as well as the stimulus interval. The average maximum discharge frequency of cold fibers to constant or steady-strate temperatures occurred at 30 degrees C, but varied over a 20-35 degrees C range for individual fibers. Periodic burst discharges separated by silent periods were present at steady-state temperatures of 20-35 degrees C. PMID- 815516 TI - Sustained and transient cells in monkey lateral geniculate nucleus: conduction velocites and response properties. AB - The receptive-field properties of units in the macaque LGN were studied with extracellular microelectrodes. Analysis of responses of opponent and nonopponent cells to stationary spots, moving spots, and grating revealed transient and sustained varieties of both spectral groups as well as cells with mixed properties. The cell's temporal discharge pattern was not correlated with its color sensitivity. Cells that ere classified as sustained responders did so under all stimulus conditions tested. Most transient cells responded in a transient fashion to each stimulus tested. In a few cells, a sustained response could be shortened into a transient response by activating the cell's surroun mechanism. The conduction velocities of sustained and transient cells were determined by shocking optic chiasm and striate cortex. Among nonopponent cells, transient types conducted significantly faster than the sustained type. No such difference was found among opponent cells. Among all cells, the fastest conducting were transient nonopponent (14 m/s), while the slowest were +B-Y opponent cells (4 m/s). Intermediate were sustained nonopponent (11 m/s) and the remainder of opponent cells types (about 7 m/s). There was a significant positive correlation between a cell's shock-evoked spike latency and its visually evoked latency. These results suggest that there are at least three independent information channels in monkey geniculostriate pathway. Further characterization of these channels is in progress. PMID- 815517 TI - Effect of pulvinar lesions on visual pattern discrimination in monkeys. AB - This study compares the performance (percent correct responses and reaction times) of three unoperated control monkeys with the postoperative performance of eight monkeys with pulvinar lesions, either inferior pulvinar or medial and lateral pulvinar, on a tachistoscopically presented visual pattern-discrimination task highly demanding of attention. To further emphasize and assess the attentional factor in visual pattern discrimination, all monkeys who attained criterion performance (90% correct response on three consecutive sessions of 100 trials each) were tested for the effects of visually distracting interference stimuli added to the original discriminative stimuli. In addition, retention of postoperatively learned discriminations was tested after a 6-wk interval withou training and compared with the performance of control monkeys. Four monkeys with only inferior pulvinar lesions and one monkey with inferior pulvinar plus medial and lateral pulvinar lesions were markedly impaired in the postoperative learning of a visual pattern discrimination. Three of these monkeys failed to acquire criterion perfromance in 9,000 or more training trials, while two learned to ceiterion level only after prolonged training (7,400 and 6,900 trials). In contrast, monkeys with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions showed no deficit in learning ability compared to unoperated control monkeys. Furthermore, the performance of the two monkeys with inferior pulvinar lesions, who attained the criterion level of learning only with difficulty, was further impaired by the addition of distracting interference stimuli, where the performance of monkeys with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions as well as the control monkeys was only temporarily disrupted by this procedure. None of the monkeys with pulvinar lesions, who were tested for retention of the postoperatively learned discrimination, showed appreciable deficits in comparison to control monkeys. All monkeys, including controls and those uith pulvinar lesions who were able to learn the visual pattern discrimination, showed a common pattern of reaction time (RT) change during the course of the learning; that is, RT was low during change level performance, increased during learning, and decreased once criterion performance was achieved. Reaction times of monkeys with inferior pulvinar lesions tended to be longer than for controls or for those with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions. These results provide the first behavior evidence that the inferior pulvinar of monkeys is involved in visual pattern discrimination and add further support to the concept of a second visual system in which the inferior pulvinar plays a role. The attentional aspects of the visual pattern discrimination task employed in this study and the additional effects obtained with distracting stimuli suggest that the impairments arising from inferior pulvinar lesions may be dependent in part on visual attentional factors. PMID- 815518 TI - Mechanisms underlying achievement of final head position. AB - The studies reported here are directed toward understanding some of the mechanisms whereby the central nervous system terminates a given phase in a motor sequence and maintains a newly acquired position. In particular, we investigated the extent to which the termination of a centrally initiated head movement in monkeys and the subsequent maintenance of posture depend on a readout of proprioceptive afferent input generated during the movement itself or are instead centrally programmed. We approached this question in two ways: first, using vestibulectomized, but otherwise intact monkeys, we applied load disturbances unexpectedly at the beginning and throughout centrally initiated head movements with the aim of provoking a proprioceptive response in all types of neck receptors and to observe the outcome of this stimulation on the head final position. In a second set of experiments, we interrupted the flow of afferent input by cutting cervical and upper thoracic dorsal roots and observed how the absence of proprioceptive feedback affects the achievement of final head position. The results indicated that the central pattern of neural impulses establishing final head position is preprogrammed and it is not reset by the afferent proprioceptive impulses generated during the intended movement. In addition, our findings are consistent with the view that final head position is an equilibrium point dependent on a number of factors, such as the firing rate and the recruitment of the alpha motoneurons, the length-tension properties of the muscles involved in posture, and passive elastic properties of external loads. PMID- 815519 TI - Ultrastructural blood-brain barrier alterations and edema formation in acute spinal cord trauma. AB - Endothelial changes leading to edema formation are examined in the primate spinal cord (Macaca mulatta) following a lesion created by a 20-gm weight falling 15 cm onto the exposed dura. Intravascular perfusion of a paraformaldehydeglutaraldehyde solution followed by carbon black provides adequate fixation of vascular structures and glial elements. Myelin is poorly preserved. Ultrastructural alterations of the blood-brain barrier consist of loss of integrity of the endothelial tight junctions. Edema caused by vascular disruption and parenchymatous extravasation of intravascular contents is observed along with glial swelling. Interglial gap junctions persist in areas of marked cellular seperation and do not impede the migration of edema fluid. PMID- 815520 TI - Preserved autoregulation in the rhesus spinal cord after high cervical cord section. AB - The authors studied the effect of high cervical cord section on the phenomenon of autoregulation in the rhesus monkey with the hydrogen clearance method to measure focal spinal cord blood flow (SCBF). Laminectomies were performed at T7-11 and C1 2. The spinal cord was completely severed at C1-2. Under normocapnic conditions, SCBF was then measured in the thoracic spinal cord over a wide range of blood pressures (MAP). The MAP was either lowered by bleeding or raised by the intravenous infusion of angiotensin. Autoregulation was found to be intact between 50 and 125 mm Hg, following a pattern similar to the one observed in the intact animal. PMID- 815521 TI - Resources for the Long-Term Care Director of Nursing. PMID- 815522 TI - Ultrastructure of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the palate. AB - Tissues from four local recurrences of a palatal tumor and regional lymph node metastases were studied by light microscopy while ultrastructural observations were made on the most recent tumor. The tumor was composed of solid sheets, clumps, and small nests of polyhedral epithelial cells with well-defined cell boundaries, clear cytoplasm, and cellular pleomorphism. Histochemical stains indicated the presence of abundant intracellular glycogen deposits in all tumor specimens examined. Ultrastructural observations revealed solid sheets of epithelial cells which lacked both surrounding basement lamina and ductal arrangements. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was filled with beta glycogen deposits and contained scattered bundles of tonofilaments and scant organelles. The transition between the glycogen-rich tumor cells and surface epithelium showed intervening cells which contained diffusely dispersed ribosomes and small amounts of glycogen. The tumor probably originated from surface epithelium. PMID- 815523 TI - Production of keratinizing cysts within mandibles of rats with autogenous gingival epithelial grafts. A histologic study. AB - A method for the consistent production of epithelial-lined cysts in the mandibles of rats is described. Attached gingiva from the interdental papilla was excised and implanted into prepared cavities in the mandible. The animals were examined at time periods varying from 0 to 45 days later. Twenty-seven of the 28 animals examined after 7 days or longer had developed cysts. An interpretation of the pathogenesis of these cysts was made based on histologic observations and measurements of the cysts at the various time intervals. PMID- 815524 TI - Studies on the dental lamina as related to its role in the etiology of cysts and tumors. AB - The natural history of the dental lamina involved in the formation of the permanent molars of macaque monkeys is described. Its relation to the oral mucosa and surrounding structures shows that the remnants of this lamina are unlikely to be the principal origin of keratocysts and ameloblastomas. PMID- 815525 TI - Some observations on the fluids of odontogenic cysts. AB - The fluids of 44 dental cysts, 19 dentigerous cysts, 36 odontogenic keratocysts, and 12 ameloblastomas have been investigated. The incidence of epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, cholesterol crystals and bacteria was recorded in smears. There was a high incidence of epithelial cells in odontogenic keratocysts and not in other lesions. Cholesterol crystals had a similar incidence in all lesions. The proportion of the soluble proteins and total protein content was determined from cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Dental cysts contained an average of 51.19% albumin, 17.52% beta globulin, 22.04 % gamma globulin, and 6.30 g/100 ml protein. Dentigerous cysts contained an average of 61.35% albumin, 13.98% beta globulin, 12.70% gamma globulin and 5.40 g/100 ml protein. Odontogenic keratocysts contained an average of 78.03% albumin, 7.51% beta globulin, 7.91% gamma globulin, and 2.09 g/100 ml protein. Ameloblastomas contained an average of 67.38% albumin, 12.83% beta globulin, 12.60% gamma globulin and 4.86 g/100 ml protein. The immunoglobulin content was determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Dental cysts contained an average of 488.9 mg/100 ml IgA, 2535.4 mg/100 ml IgG, and 135.6 mg/100 ml IgM. Dentigerous cysts contained an average of 308.4 mg/100 ml IgA, 1618.2 mg/100 ml IgG, and 155.6 mg/100 ml IgM. Odontogenic keratocysts contained an average of 135.6 mg/100 ml IgA, 491.9 mg/100 ml IgG, and 54.1 mg/100 ml IgM. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 815526 TI - Biological basis for vertical ramus osteotomies--a study of bone healing and revascularization in adult rhesus monkeys. AB - Fifteen adult rhesus monkeys were used as experimental models to investigate revascularization and bone healing associated with pedicled and nonpedicled vertical ramus osteotomies and to elucidate the problem of vascular ischemia of the proximal segment and healing of the osteotomized bone. Microangiographic and histologic studies of vertical ramus osteotomies in which the proximal segment was not pedicled to soft tissue showed intraosseous necrosis, vascular ischemia, and delayed healing. Similar studies of pedicled vertical ramus osteotomies showed early osseous union, minimal osteonecrosis, and minimal vascular ischemia. The results indicate that continuous circulation to the proximal segment is necessary to retain osseous viability and to support the clinical practice of pedicling the proximal condylar segment to the articular capsule and lateral pterygoid muscle. PMID- 815527 TI - A portable infusion system for the ambulant child. AB - A portable infusion system has been developed that can maintain a continuous intravenous or nasogastric infusion in a child for prolonged periods of time. Three children have received infusions of several months' duration over a period of two years. They were able to remain ambulant and the system has been maintained by parents at home. A minature peristaltic rotary pump is carried on the back, which infused fluid from an IV solution pack via an indwelling silicone rubber catheter. During IV infusion two bacterial filters are used in series. The first removes the particles normally present in commercial IV solutions, enabling the second to reduce the risk of infection and air embolism. Nasogastric infusion is simpler to maintain and the silicone rubber tubes are well tolerated for long periods. The pump unit is small, inexpensive, and requires minimal maintenance; the pump chambers and catheters are readily sterilized. Modified systems are in use, (e.g. for nasojejunal feeding of preterm infants) and the unit could provide compact alimentation for the ambulant patient after massive gut resection. PMID- 815528 TI - Oral infection of mammals with Sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites from cattle and sporocysts from dogs and coyotes. AB - Individual sporocysts containing 4 sporozoites were shed in the feces of dogs, foxes, and raccoons after ingestion of bovine tissue infected with Sarcocystis fusiformis bradyzoites. No sporocysts were shed by cats, monkeys, swine, skunks, ferrets, rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits after ingestion of similar bovine tissue. The shedding of sporocysts by dogs that had ingested tissue from a bovine experimentally infected with sporocysts from coyotes indicated that both canids were definitive hosts for the same species of Sarcocystis. After oral inoculation wtih sporocysts from dogs previously fed infected bovine heart, a calf became infected; but sheep, swine, rats, mice, rabbits, and monkeys did not. These results show the narrow specificity of the asexual stages of this parasite for the bovine intermediate host and the wider, though still restricted, host range of the sexual stages of this parasite for coyotes, dogs, foxes, and raccoons, the definitive hosts. PMID- 815529 TI - Anatrichosoma cynamolgi (Nematoda: Trichinellida) in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. AB - Young adult rhesus monkeys were examined for Anatrichosoma spp. by means of nasal swab, by histological study, and by gross examination with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Of 394 monkeys examined by nasal swab, 25 (6.3%) were found to be positive. Of 166 monkeys that died while in the colony, 23 (13.9%) were found to be infected when examined by histological study. Of 18 unfixed samples of external nasal vestibule, five (27.2%) were found to be infected when they were examined grossly with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Inflammatory response to the nematodes was limited. The nematodes were compared to type specimens of Anatrichosoma from monkeys, and were identified as A. cynamolgi Smith and Chitwood 1954. A. rhina and A. nacepobi are considered to be synonyms of A. cynamolgi. PMID- 815530 TI - Toxicity of carcinogenic nitroquinoline derivatives for promastigotes of Leishmania tarentolae. PMID- 815531 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition test with heart antigens in American trypanosomiasis. PMID- 815532 TI - Experimental Chagas' disease: studies on the stability of a protective antigen. PMID- 815533 TI - Experimental Chagas' disease: protective activity in relation with subcellular fractions of the parasite. PMID- 815534 TI - Cross-reactivity of lytic antibodies against blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 815535 TI - Blood parasites of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) from Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, and West Virginia. PMID- 815536 TI - Relapse in malaria--an enigma. PMID- 815537 TI - The effect of dexamethasone in traumatic changes of the periodontium of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The systemic administration of steroid hormone (0.400 mg of Dexamethasone every 2 days), during a 28-day period in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) produced modifications in the evolution of the experimental periodontal traumatism. The observed changes were osteoporosis and reduction of the periodontal fibers in quantity as well as a reduction of repair process, when compared to the control group that only received the action of the trauma from occlusion. PMID- 815538 TI - Effects of electrosurgery on the gingival attachment in rhesus monkeys. AB - A biometric and histometric study of electrosurgical gingival "troughing" with a fully rectified current was accomplished in four Rhesus monkeys. The operation resulted in a statistically significant recession of the free gingival margin and loss of connective tissue attachment associated with apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Burn marks from contacts with the electrodes were observed on the cemental surfaces and in the dentin under the enamel close to the cemento enamel junction. The cemental burn marks usually were covered by epithelium, which may explain the apical migration of the junctional epithelium observed in the experiemtal teeth. A slight loss of crestal alveolar bone occurred in the experimental areas and a bone sequestrum formed in one instance. Secondary dentin was found in response to electrosurgical contact of the cemental surface. PMID- 815539 TI - Multiliter production and immunochemical cross-reactivity of plant tissue culture antigens. AB - Cells of short ragweed suspension culture were successfully propagated in a multiliter fermentor. Proteins were isolated from tissue cultures (short ragweed, cantaloupe, marigold, and Ammi) and plants (short ragweed pollen, cantaloupe fruit, and marigold flowers) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cross-linked dextran gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography. Some fractions elicited allergenic responses in ragweed-sensitive patients but not in ragweed nonsensitive control patients. Double-immunodiffusion analysis of these fractions showed their nonidentity with short ragweed antigen E. PMID- 815540 TI - Electron microscope study of effect of benzalkonium chloride and edetate disodium on cell envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Electron micrographs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in nutrient broth or broth containing subinhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride indicate that benzalkonium chloride at 50 and 100 mug/ml strips off the outer cell membrane. Cells grown in the presence of edetate disodium, 50-100 mug/ml had convoluted surfaces (wavy in cross section). Cells damaged by growing on nutrient agar containing benzalkonium (200 mug/ml), when subsequently grown for 16 hr in nutrient broth, produced cells with apparently normal outer lavers. Similar cells grown on nutrient agar plus benzalkonium (500 mug/ml) when grown for 16 hr in nutrient broth had normal resistance to edetate disodium lysis, but cells grown overnight in broth plus benzalkonium (500 mug/ml) showed increased sensitivity to edetate disodium lysis. Cells grown on nutrient agar in the presence of benzalkonium (800 mug/ml) grew in broth plus benzalkonium (10 mug/ml) without stripping of their external membrane, but replicate inocula into broth plus benzalkonium (10 mug/ml) and edetate disodium (50 mug/ml) produced cells with structural damage to the outer lavers of the cell envelope. PMID- 815541 TI - Orthostatic influences on cardiovascular responses to nitroglycerin in conscious dogs. AB - The influence of body position change on the arterial pressure and heart rate responses produced by acute short-acting and sustained-release dosage forms of nitroglycerin was evaluated in a series of chronically prepared, conscious beagle dogs. The upright repositioning of the dog to 60 degrees from horizontal markedly enhanced the hypotensive and bradycardic responses produced by both dosage forms. Since it has been suggested that the lowering of arterial pressure is an essential component resulting in the therapeutic usefulness of nitroglycerin in angina pectoris, the experimental orthostatic model could be a sensitive procedure for the laboratory assessment of drugs of this class. PMID- 815542 TI - Morphine, pentazocine and naloxone effects on responding under a multiple schedule of reinforcement in rhesus monkeys and pigeons. AB - The effects of morphine, pentazocine, naloxone and combinations of these drugs on schedule-controlled behavior were examined in rhesus monkeys and pigeons. The order of potency in decreasing response rates under a multiple 5-minute fixed interval, 30-response fixed-ratio schedule in both monkeys and pigeons was morphine greater than pentazocine greater than naloxone. Compared to monkeys, pigeons were less sensitive to morphine and pentazocine and slightly more sensitive to naloxone. In monkeys and pigeons, as the morphine dose increased, higher naloxone doses were required to restore responding to or near control levels. In pigeons, however, the response rate decreases caused by naloxone prevented the complete antagonism of the highest morphine dose and limited the range of naloxone doses over which complete antagonism of morphine occurred. Antagonism of pentazocine by naloxone generally was greatest at the lowest pentazocine dose tested in both monkeys and pigeons. At higher pentazocine doses, if any antagonism was obtained, it was slight, and the amount of antagonism typically did not increase as the naloxone dose increased. Pentazocine generally failed to antagonize morphine in monkeys and pigeons. PMID- 815544 TI - The thermoreculatory responses of the galago (Galago crassicaudatus), the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and the chimpanzee (Pan stayrus) to heat stress. AB - 1. The thermoregulatory response of the galago, the baboon and the chimpanzee were studied on exposure to dry bulb temperatures of up to 40 degrees C in a temperature controlled room. 2. Heat exposure caused an elevation in the respiratory frequency of all three species. The increase in the galago was significantly greater than that in the baboon and the chimpanzee. 3. Heat exposure also caused an increase in the cutaneous moisture loss of the baboon and the chimpanzee but not in the galago. 4. Rectal temperatures always rose on heat exposure but the animals never become hypethermic. 5. Sweat gland activity in the baboon and the chimpanzee was stimulated by the administration of acetylcholine and was blocked by the administration of atropine. Sympathetic and parasympathetic drugs had no stimulatory effect on the sueat glands of the galago. 6. Local, infra-red heating of the skin of the galago and the baboon did not stimulate any sweat gland activity. 7. The sweat glands in the galago and the baboon were found to be epitrichial. 8. These findings are discussed in relation to the habitat of each species. They are also compared to thermoregulation in other primate species, especially in relation to the unique nature of thermoregulation in man. PMID- 815543 TI - Pancreatic acinar cells: the role of calcium in stimulus-secretion coupling. AB - 1. Segments of mouse or rat pancreas were placed in a flow cell through which physiological salt solutions of varying composition were pumped at a constant rate. Intracellular recordings of membrane potential, resistance and electrical time constant were made from the acini using fine glass micro-electrodes. In some experiments two micro-electrodes were inserted into two acinar cells within the same acinus to assess directly cell to cell coupling. The concentration of amylase in the effluent was measured continuously. 2. Electrical coupling between two acinar cells was observed when the tips of the two micro-electrodes were less than 50 mum from each other. The coupling ratio was close to 1. Acetylcholine (ACh) always evoked depolarization of exactly the same amplitude in two coupled cells and reduced the amplitude of current-pulse induced membrane potential changes in both cell simultaneously. 3. Stimulation with ACh caused an immediate increase in amylase output. Replacement of superfusion fluid Na by Tris or Cl by sulphate abolished ACh-evoked increase in amylase release, but the subsequent reintroduction of Na or Cl caused an increase in amylase release of a magnitude similar to what was normally observed following stimulation. 4. Omitting Ca from the superfusion fluid and adding EGTA rapidly depolarized the acinar cell membrane, reduced the input resistance and caused a marked reduction in amylase secretion. During exposure to a Ca-free, EGTA containing solution a marked increase in amylase release occurred following maximal ACh stimulation. 5. Addition of small amounts of Mg, Ca or Mn to a Ca-, Mg-free solution caused an increase in membrane potential, input resistance and electrical time constant and markedly increased amylase release. The effect on the electrical parameters was reversed in the absence of extracellular Na while extracellular Na was of no importance for the effect on amylase release. 6. The effect of ACh on amylase was enhanced during superfusion with a fluid containing 20 mM-Ca. The presence of Mn (5 mM) in an otherwise normal control had no effect on ACh-evoked release. 7. These results show that ACh acts on the acinus by reducing the surface cell membrane resistance. It is suggested that the ACh-receptor interaction causes a release of Ca from the surface cell membrane and that the concentration of Ca in the surface cell membrane determines the specific membrane resistance particularly for Na. The release of Ca to the cytosol activates exocytosis while the Na influx is of importance for acinar fluid secretion. The effect of ACh on amylase secretion can be mimicked by agents displacing membrane-bound Ca (Mg, Ca, Mn). PMID- 815546 TI - Rehabilitation of grossly deficient mandibles with combined subperiosteal implants and bone grafts. AB - 1. This study has described the osseous reconstruction of deficient edentulous ridges in adult rhesus monkeys. The rebuilt osseous ridges did not resorb under complete prosthetic function over a 4 month period. 2. Remodeling of the graft proceeded along the usually observed patterns with mature cortices forming in the grafted areas within 6 months. 3. This procedure has been duplicated for clinical patients with reasonably good results, restoring function in otherwise untenable prosthetic situations whic had been refractory to other types of prosthetic and surgical treatment. 4. In the future, this method of marrow-bone grafting with a simultaneous subperiosteal implant may restore function in many edentulous patients who have experienced extreme resorption over the mandibular ridge and in whom conventional implant techniques or the usual type of bone grafting procedures has not been successful. PMID- 815545 TI - Potassium and calcium conductance in slow muscle fibres of the toad. AB - Slow muscle fibres in isotonic potassium sulphate saline could be easily repolarized to -90 mV. From this membrane potential a regenerative response could be elicited with short depolarizing pulses. 2. This response is blocked by TEA, suggesting that potassium is the main ion involved. 3. In the presence of TEA, a transient depolarization is recorded when the steady hyperpolarization is withdrawn. This anode break response is dependent upon the external calcium and is blocked by cobalt, suggesting that it is due to a calcium conductance. 4. The membrane conductance change was continuously recorded with short pulses at the end of the hyperpolarization. The membrane conductance decayed with at least two components with an average t1/2 of 1-2 and 6-8 sec. TEA blocked the slow component, and the fast one was dependent upon calcium and was blocked by cobalt. PMID- 815547 TI - [Late progressive radiation myelopathies. A study of 27 cases]. AB - Several conclusions seem evident from this study : firstly radiation myelopathies exist without any doubt; secondly clinical observation, even very attentive, during irradiation is perfectly blind regarding this subject; lastly, one can only, at this time, attempt to anticipate medullary accidents caused by irradiation. Radiation myelopathies exist incontestably. We report 27 new cases which are added to the more than 500 cases already analysed in the world litterature. The improvement of results of cancerology and in particular of radiotherapy make and will continue to make the number of observations published increase. However, if there is no doubt as to existence of these myelopathies, discussions persist concerning their nature : purely vascular, cytotoxic, probably mixed, perhaps maintained and prolonged by a superimposed immunologic phenomenon. Prevention is the sole method at our disposal to be effective. It must be applied as much to the patient as to the technique of irradiation. With regard to the patient treated in a medullary volume, several factors are probably favorable to the development of myelopathy and must cause one to modify eventually the technique of radiation proposed : the existence of anterior vertebral medullary pathology, whatever its nature; two ages demonstrate increased incidences : the young which have relative immaturity of tissue (we report 4 cases patients less than 25 years old), and the old, whose chances of accumulating associated pathologies are great, especially as systemic hypertension and arteriosclerosis are likely to have played a favorable role; the patients for whom restraint is difficult or who present disrupted regions anatomy are qually much more fragile. With regard to the technical plan, several factors incontestably favor the appearance of radiation myelopathy : large medullary volumes irradiated, especially when they encompass the zones of vascular medullary junction; the overlap of fields involving the spinal cord; the reduction of fields too close to the spinal cord not allowing at least 1 cm margin of relative security; the association of physical agents in the measure to which the global dosimetry is uncertain, i.e. in particular the use of high energy electrons for boost dosage, the intensity of which must be chosen with the greatest prudence; finally and most importantly, it seems desirable to us not to surpass at the level of the spinal cord, treating 5 times per week, a dose of 5 000 rads with fractions of 200 rads of 4 500 rads with fractions of 250 rads, and of 4 000 rads with fractions of 300 rads. Can one reasonable pretend always to foresee all radiation myelopathies? No, for on the one hand there exist authentic cases which have occured after doses which were below the limits of tolerance which we have indicated above, in accordance with others authors, and on the other hand, the necessity of sterilising certain inoperable tumors obliges one sometimes to deliver to region of the spinal cord aggressive doses. PMID- 815549 TI - Specific serological identification of ostrich meat and meat products. AB - Using aqueous urea solution extracts of heated ostrich muscle as antigen for the production of precipitating rabbit antiostrich sera, it was possible to specifically identify raw, heated (70-95 degrees C) and air dried-salted ostrich meat by means of gel immunodiffusion tests. The sera did not react with chicken, turkey or horse meat or with beef in any form. The soluble proteins extracted from ostrich meat heated to temperatures of 70 degrees C for 30 minutes appear to constitute at least two closely related antigenic determinants of which only one is thermostable at temperatures above 70 degrees C). PMID- 815548 TI - [Value of high-energy radiotherapy in adenopathy of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 815551 TI - The role of the Federal government in financing health and medical services. AB - Public sector spending and private sector spending for health and medical services have tended to parallel one another over the past four decades. Although total expenditures have grown dramatically, the relationship between the two sectors has not. Government gradually increased its support and provision of health care between 1929 and 1940. Between 1940 and 1966 government spending for health care remained at a plateau. The federal government's major participation since 1966 has been through its role as a transfer agent for the Medicare trust fund, acting as an intermediary, rather than through the expenditure of general revenues for health and medical care services. Rising costs and increased demand for medical services will probably force a larger financial role upon government. PMID- 815550 TI - Optical resolution of (+/-)-2,5-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-9alpha- and -9beta-propyl-6,7 benzomorphans and their pharmacological properties. AB - The levo and dextro isomers of 2,5-dimethyl-2'-hydroxy-9alpha- and -9beta-propyl 6,7-benzomorphans have been prepared. The analgesic potency and physical dependence capacity of the optical isomers and their racemic parents were determined. The 9alpha-propyl levo isomer was analgesically equipotent with morphine; the 9beta-propyl levo isomer was considerably more potent subcutaneously and equipotent orally. None of the optical isomers suppressed the withdrawal syndrome; the 9beta-propyl levo isomer exacerbated the withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 815552 TI - Developmentally regulated proteins of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum. The carbohydrate-binding protein. PMID- 815553 TI - Regulatory gene 28 of bacteriophage SPO1 codes for a phage-induced subunit of RNA polymerase. PMID- 815554 TI - DNA and polyribosome-like structures in lysates of mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 815555 TI - An ultrastructural study of mammalian cardiac ganglia. PMID- 815556 TI - Experimental biharzial bladder cancer: tryptophan metabolism in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium. AB - A nonhuman primate species infected with Schistosoma haematobium provided a model system for controlled studies on biharzial bladder cancer. Urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was similar to that of humans when expressed per g creatinine. Liver tryptophan oxygenase activity of the capuchin monkeys was comparable to that of humans. Excretion of 3 hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was elevated above control levels in capuchin monkeys infected experimentally with S. haematobium. The capuchin-S. haematobium system closely resembles the human biharziasis system and offers a reproducible laboratory model system for the controlled study of the parasitology, pathogenesis, and biochemistry of biharzial bladder cancer. PMID- 815557 TI - Coproduction of Regan isoenzyme and carcinoembryonic antigen in HCT-8 cells. AB - The presence of the Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated in the carcinoembryonic antigen-producing human cell line HCT-8 Biochemical, histochemical, immunologic, and electrophoretic methods were used as criteria for the identification and characterization of this isoenzyme. PMID- 815558 TI - Altered immunologic responsiveness in mastocytoma-bearing mice. AB - Immune responses to sheep erythrocytes were enhanced in mice bearing small mastocytomas soon after injection of a few tumor cells. In contrast, mice with larger tumors after transfer of a greater number of mastocytoma cells and those in the later stages of tumor development after transfer of small numbers of tumor cells showed moderately suppressed immune responses. Transfer of spleen cells from mastocytoma-bearing mice to irradiated recipients resulted in more antibody forming cells as compared to transfer of splenocytes from normal donor mice. The addition of graded numbers of mastocytoma cells to a constant amount of normal spleen cells transferred to irradiated mice also resulted in enhanced responses and increased spleen weights in the recipients. This increase, in direct proportion to the number of mastocytoma cells transferred, also occurred when Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (a T-cell independent antigen) was used to immunize animals given spleen cells from normal mice and mastocytoma cells. Mastocytoma cell-free homogenates or X-irradiated tumor cells also heightened immune responses in recipient mice, which indicated that viable cells were not needed for the effect. Such homogenates, as well as the tumor cells per se, stimulated increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the sera of recipient mice. However, tumor cells passaged in tissue culture for several months, those derived from mice bearing a mastocytoma cell line with a low LDH stimulatory activity, or UV-irradiated mastocytoma cells with a high LDH stimulatory activity did not induce enhanced plaque-forming cell responses. PMID- 815560 TI - Failure of Corynebacterium parvum presensitization to modify the antitumor effects of systemic and local therapeutic injections of C. parvum in mice. AB - The therapeutic effects of iv and intralesional injection of Corynebacterium parvum against mastocytoma P815 in mice, presentized and showing marked delayed hypersensitivity to C. parvum, were no different from those in unimmunized controls. PMID- 815559 TI - Correlation of cocarcinogenic activity among n-alkanes with their physical effects on phospholipid micelles. AB - N-alkanes from C12 to C28 were tested for their cocarcinogenic or promoting activities to evaluate a correlation of their biologic activity with their effects on transport properties of phospholipid micelles. On this basis, we had predicted that the C18 and C20 homologues would be more active than the better known dodecane. The C12, C16, C18, and C20 n-alkanes, at various dilutions from 6 to 40% by volume in decahydronaphthalene (Decalin), were tested for their relative activity in a cocarcinogenic relationship to benzo[a]pyrene. At a 20% alkane concentration level, the solutions containing octadecane and eicosane induced tumors most rapidly. A 40% dodecane concentration was required to produce this level of cocarcinogenic activity. The activity of octadecane paralleled its physical effects on transport kinetics closely in the 6-40% (by volume) concentration. The C18, C20, and C28 n-alkanes and the C30 olefin squalene at dilutions from 10 to 40% in Decalin (by volume) were tested for their relative promoting activity after a single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in benzene. At comparable mole fractions in Decalin, the three n-alkanes had essentially the same promoting activity; squalene, at 20%, showed only borderline activity. Thus the high biologic activity of the C18, C20, and C28 n-alkanes correlated well with their physical effects on the structure of phospholipid micelles (chain-chain interactions of the alkanes with the acyl chains of the lipid). This correlation was interpreted as a strong indication that the liquid crystalline region of the phospholipid assembly (adjacent to the aqueous interface) in the membranes of latent (initiated) cancer cells was the site of action of hydrocarbon cocarcinogens. Application of a modified physical model to pristane, a branched-chain C19 alkane from coal and Colorado shale, indicated higher cocarcinogenic activity than that of n-C18H38. Applied to purified samples of docosane and tetracosane, activity comparable to that of octadecane was indicated. PMID- 815561 TI - Treatment of solid P815x2 murine mastocytoma with adriamycin (NSC-1231127): toxity limitations. AB - The efficacy of adriamycin (NSC-123127), given as weekly or as 5-day-per-week doses, on the control of solid P815X2 murine mastocytomas was severely limited by hematopoietic and gastrointestinal toxicity. Although daily or weekly drug schedules both elicited dose responsiveness in terms of tumor control, no dose level of drug increased the life-span of tumor bearing animals. PMID- 815562 TI - Mechanisms of the inhibitory action of p-hydroxyacetanilide on carcinogenesis by N-2-fluorenylacetamide or N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. AB - The metabolism of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) and N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-FAA) was studied in groups of rats that had been prefed the protective agent p-hydroxyacetanilide (p-OH-AA) alone or in combination with each of the carcinogens for 4 weeks. Compared with controls, pretreatment increased the percentage of metabolites in the urine, chiefly as glucuronic acid conjugates, whereas the fecal excretion of FAA metabolites was lowered. The levels of total and tissue-bound material in the liver and blood plasma were also lower after prefeeding. Liver aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and liver deacetylase were not affected by p-OH-AA pretreatment. However, liver glucuronyl transferase was increased by either prefeeding with p-OH-AA and/or the carcinogen. The protective effect of p-OH-AA against liver tumor induction with FAA or N-OH-FAA may in part result from a combination of the decreased binding of carcinogen to hepatic cellular macromolecules and the increased excretion as the glucuronide conjugates. PMID- 815563 TI - Suitability of rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 as a model for BCG immunotherapy. AB - We determined the optimal conditions for conducting experiments with the solid and ascites sublines of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma and examined the response of the tumor growth rate to BCG administered in admixture with tumor cells or separately at a remote site. Versene dissociation of the 13762 solid tumor produced better growth rates than did pronase-DNase, but the former decreased cell viability and yields. A dose of 10(6) or 10(5) tumor cells produced 100% growth by the sc and iv routes. Both sublines grew slower but produced metastases slightly sooner in the intradermal than in the sc site. The frequency of axillary lymph node metastases from the sc site increased as a function of the duration of the time interval between tumor implantation and surgical excision. Both solid and ascites tumors were weakly immunogenic. Administration of BCG in a split adjuvant protocol did not improve tumor immunity. Admixture of tumor cells with BCG suppressed tumor growth but when given at a remote site, BCG was ineffective. We concluded that the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma is a useful system for BCG immunotherapy. PMID- 815564 TI - Induction of measles virus hemagglutinin in a persistently infected, nonvirogenic line of cells (BGM/MV). AB - BGM/MV cells carry measles virus antigens and nucleocapsid-like structures in their cytoplasm. There is no infectious virus demonstrable, and measles virus induced cell surface changes detectable by hemadsorption (HAD) are absent. Treatment of cells with actinomycin D or cycloheximide or enucleation of cells with cytochalasin B induced surface changes in that the cells became HAD positive. 6-Azauridine treatment of cells did not inhibit the induction of HAD, suggesting that RNA synthesis was not required. Cycloheximide treatment of cells induced by enucleation inhibited the development of HAD, suggesting a requirement for protein synthesis. PMID- 815565 TI - Recombinational-type transfer of viral DNA during bacteriophage 2C replication in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The Bacillus subtilis phage 2C contains one molecule of double-stranded DNA of about 100 x 10(6) daltons in which thymine is replaced by hydroxymethyluracil; the two strands have different buoyant densities. Parental DNA, labeled with either [3H]uracil of [32P]phosphate, was quite effectively transferred to offspring phage, and the efficiency of transfer was the same for the two strands. Labeled nucleotide compositions of the H and L strands from parental and progeny virions were very close. These data exclude a degradation of the infecting DNA and reutilization of nucleotides. Upon infection of light unlabeled cells with heavy radioactive viruses, no DNA with either heavy or hybrid density was extracted from offspring phage. Instead, an heterogeneous population of DNA molecules of densities ranging from that of almost hybrid to that of fully light species was obtained. Shear degradation of such progeny DNA to fragments of decreasing molecular weight produced a progressive shift to the density of hybrid molecules. Denaturation of sheared DNA segments caused the appearance of labeled and heavy single-stranded segments. These findings indicate that 2C DNA replicates semiconservatively and then undergoes extensive genetic recombination with newly formed viral DNA molecules within the vegatative pool, thus mimicking a dispersive transfer of the infecting viral genome. The pieces of transferred parental DNA have an average size of 10 x 10(6) daltons. PMID- 815566 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a corynebacteriophage beta, tox operator constitutive-like mutant lysogen of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. AB - We have isolated and partially characterized a beta-phage mutant lysogen of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C7(betatoxct1+), which is partially insensitive to iron inhibition of diphtheria toxin production. tox expression by C7(betatoxct1+) was found to be partially constitutive. In the presence of concentrations of iron that almost completely inhibit the expression of diphtheria toxin by the wild type, C7(beta), the level of toxin production by C7(betatoxct1+) was found to be at least 25 times that of the parent. The purified tox gene product of C7(betatoxct1+) was immunologically and electrophoretically identical to, and equally as toxic as, diphtheria toxin purified from C7(beta). In addition, the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence was found to be identical to diphtheria toxin. This data strongly suggests that the mutation allowing for the constitutive expression of tox in C7(betatoxct1+) is outside of the structural gene. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of diphtheria toxin was found to be cis dominant in the double lysogen C7(betacrm45+/betatoxct1+). The data presented is consistent with the existence of a tox operator locus. PMID- 815567 TI - Premature parturition in the California sea lion. AB - Twenty percent of the California sea lion pups born on San Miguel Island die due to premature parturition. Specimens collected from premature-partus animals resulted in recovery of a virus, San Miguel Sea Lion Virus, indistinguishable from Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus, and Leptospira pomona from some of the premature cows and pups. The age range of 10 females delivering healthy pups in June was 10-14 years. With one exception, the ages in 10 aborting females was 6-8 years. The p,p'-DDE levels of the premature parturient cows' blubber and liver were 7.6 and 4.8 times greater, respectively, than corresponding tissue concentrations in the full-term animals. Polychlorinated biphenyls residues were 4.4 and 3.8 times greater in aborting animals' blubber and liver than in the same tissues of full-term sea lions. Premature-partus females had tissue imbalances of mercury, selenium, cadmium and bromine. Pathology, parasitology, serum enzyme and hormone results are also presented. These data suggest an interrelationship of disease agents and environmental contaminants as the cause of premature parturition. PMID- 815568 TI - Prevalence of macroscopically detectable Sarcocystis in North Dakota ducks. AB - Hunter-killed ducks were examined in North Dakota from 1969 through 1972 for prevalence of macroscopically detectable cysts of Sarcocysitis. Fifty-seven of 632 (9%) adult dabbling ducks and 1 of 420 (0.24%) juveniles were infected. Sarcocystis was not detected in 169 adult and 91 juvenile diving ducks. PMID- 815569 TI - Anti-brucella agglutinins in bats and "Callithrix" monkeys. AB - Anti-Brucella agglutinins were found in 5 of 53 (9.4%) vampire bats Desmodus rotundus, captured in the State of Bahia, Brasil. Two specimens of Diphylla ecaudata were negative. Fifty specimens of the small monkey, Callithrix penicillata, were also negative. PMID- 815570 TI - Blood parasites of some birds from Kenya, Tanzania and Zaire. AB - A total of 647 birds of 146 species representing 41 families from localities in Kenya, Tanzania and Zaire were examined for blood parasites. A total of 242 (37.2%) birds harbored either single or multiple infections of Haemoproteus (16%), Leucocytozoon (14%), Plasmodium (5.4%), Trypanosoma (1.7%), microfilaria (2.9%) or a variety of babesioids and haemogregarines (4.3%). Occurrence of blood parasites was greatest in Zaire and least in Kenya; the occurrence of the different genera varied markedly between areas and between bird families. PMID- 815571 TI - Hepatozoon griseisciuri infection in gray squirrels of the southeastern United States. AB - Blood films and selected tissue sections from 270 gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) from 18 sites in 11 southeastern states were examined for Hepatozoan griseisciuri. This parasite was found in 110 (41%) squirrels from 17 of the 18 sites. Data suggested transmission of the parasite apparently occurs throughout the year and increases from spring to late summer. The infection was more prevalent in subadults and adults than in juveniles. Schizogonic stages were found only in the lungs, suggesting this organ is a major site of schizogony. Pathologic changes associated with H. griseisciuri infection were thickening of alveolar walls, eosinophil infiltration, pulmonary congestion and atelectasis. PMID- 815572 TI - Possible species differences between Sarcocystis from mule deer and cattle. AB - In preliminary studies with Sarcocystis from bovine (Bos taurus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), a coccidia-free laboratory dog (Canis familiaris) and captive coyote (Canis latrans) were fed flesh from a local Sarcocystis infected bovine and later flesh from an infected mule deer from Eastern Oregon. Sporocysts were passed in the feces of both canine hosts 10-15 days after ingestion of infected meat. There was a statistical difference in the size of sporocysts derived from bovine and deer. It was concluded that the Sarcocystis from bovine and mule deer probably constitute distinct species with a life cycle dependent on the respective ruminant host and a canine host. PMID- 815573 TI - Bacillus species infection in patients with hematologic neoplasia. PMID- 815574 TI - Editorial: Clonazepam: a new anticonvulsant. PMID- 815575 TI - Cost-benefit ratio of pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy. AB - The posttransplant courses of 27 chronic dialysis patients with 29 grafts who had undergone pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy were compared to those of 49 patients with 55 transplant who had no pretransplant surgery during the same time period. The latter had better survival and fewer rejection episodes (P less than .05). The six patients who died of bacterial sepsis after transplantation all had pretransplant surgery. The frequency of post transplant hypertension was similar in both groups. Apparently, pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy offers no advantage to the patient awaiting an allograft. PMID- 815576 TI - Enterococcal endocarditis in heroin addicts. AB - Enterococci caused eleven of 20 cases (55%) of narcotic-associated endocarditis in Cleveland over a 54-month period. Acute staphylococcal endocarditis seen concurrently in this addict population displayed tricuspid valve involvement and septic pulmonary emboli, but enterococcal endocarditis was subacute, affected only aortic or mitral valves, and was not associated with septic pulmonary emboli. In contrast to enterococcal endocarditis in a nonaddict population, patients were younger and rarely had antecedent valvular disease or genitourinary abnormality. Staphylococcal tricuspid valve endocarditis was managed with relatively little difficulty in this addict population. Enterococcal infection, however, was complicated by severe cardiac failure that often required valvular prostheses, relapses due to continued use of narcotics, Candida superinfection, and nervous system complications, including cerebral emboli and mycotic aneurysms. PMID- 815577 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri. A complication of parenteral hyperalimentation. PMID- 815634 TI - Double blind trial of propranolol and pindolol in angina pectoris. PMID- 815639 TI - Intestinal tuberculosis. PMID- 815652 TI - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on metabolism of thyroid hormone in Wistar rats. PMID- 815642 TI - Sjogrens syndrome and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 815651 TI - [General anesthesia for patients with von Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 815653 TI - [Medical history taking of expectant mother with Rh(-)]. PMID- 815655 TI - [Home nursing of elderly bed-ridden patients]. PMID- 815656 TI - [Night nursing and behavior of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 815654 TI - [Studies of vitamin B 12 absorption by a whole-body counter. (2). Clinical application with special reference to the effect of pancreatic enzymes on vitamin B 12 absorption in patients after total pancreatectomy]. PMID- 815657 TI - [Nursing of sleepness patients - psychology of patients during night]. PMID- 815658 TI - [Anxiety of patients at night]. PMID- 815659 TI - [Self-satisfaction in nursing through the interaction with patients during the night]. PMID- 815660 TI - [Nurse-patient interaction during night, a discussion]. PMID- 815661 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a child with hydrocephalus]. PMID- 815662 TI - [Bedside nursing. Bladder training and activities of daily living of an elderly, bed-ridden patient]. PMID- 815663 TI - [Nursing conference. 1. Problems of bedrest in a patient with congestive heart failure]. PMID- 815664 TI - [Life and death of patients over 70 - a proposal for organization of a group of citizens preferring a dignified death over meaningless prolongation of live. A discussion]. PMID- 815665 TI - [Proposal for the organization of citizens' group preferring a dignified death over meaningless prolongation of life]. PMID- 815666 TI - [Pathology, prevention and therapy of decubitus ulcer. 12. Keypoints in therapy and health education of the patient and their families]. PMID- 815667 TI - [Aging and gynecological diseases. 9. Menopause and old age (1). Aging of the genital organs]. PMID- 815668 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents involving injections. 6. Injections into the femoral muscle]. PMID- 815669 TI - [Interpretation of electrocardiography. 1. Information on physiology and anatomy of the heart necessary in clinical training]. PMID- 815671 TI - [Behavior and antics of a schizophrenic patient on our ward. (1)]. PMID- 815670 TI - [Toxicity of thalidomide]. PMID- 815672 TI - [Methods of nursing evaluation]. PMID- 815673 TI - [Role of nursing records in nursing review]. PMID- 815675 TI - [Consious effort in assessment of nursing action]. PMID- 815674 TI - [Self-evaluation by re-structuring the nursing scene]. PMID- 815676 TI - [Bedside nursing: Assistance of an aged patient toward more independent life]. PMID- 815677 TI - [Bedside nursing: Observation on the interaction between his family and the patient with a poor prognosis following an extended period of hospitalization]. PMID- 815678 TI - [Bedside nursing: training in care of premature infants prior to discharge--for a better mother-child relations]. PMID- 815679 TI - [Nursing conference. 2. A 34-year-old housewife with respiratory insufficiency and excessive expectoration]. PMID- 815680 TI - [Changes in nursing from prewar to postwar period. Discussion]. PMID- 815681 TI - [Practice of home care. 1. Definition of refractory diseases]. PMID- 815682 TI - [Aging and gynecologic diseases. 10. Menopause and old age (2)]. PMID- 815683 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents. 7. Intravenous injections]. PMID- 815684 TI - [Interpretation of electrocardiography. 2. Clinical significance and the normal electrocardiogram]. PMID- 815685 TI - [Home nursing of aged, bed-ridden patients]. PMID- 815686 TI - [Significance of carbonic anhydrases in respiratory failure]. PMID- 815687 TI - Specific fluorescent antibody staining of the grain in skin lesion of guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 815688 TI - [Morphology and structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815690 TI - [Genetic study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815689 TI - [Mode of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815691 TI - [Metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815692 TI - [Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815693 TI - [Chemistry and biological activities of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815694 TI - [Tuberculin protein]. PMID- 815695 TI - [Polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815696 TI - [Glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815697 TI - [Phospholipids]. PMID- 815699 TI - [Wax D]. PMID- 815700 TI - [Experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 815698 TI - [Cord factor]. PMID- 815701 TI - [Experimental lung cavity]. PMID- 815702 TI - [Host-parasite relationship in the transmission of tuberculosis]. PMID- 815703 TI - [Antimycobacterial immunity]. PMID- 815704 TI - [Culture media and colony formation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815705 TI - [Microbial sensitivity tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 815706 TI - [Primary drug resistance]. PMID- 815707 TI - [A study of prevalence of resistance to major drugs among newly admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 1972. Part 2. Studies on the factors related to the prevalence of drug resistance (author's transl)]. PMID- 815708 TI - [The clinical significance of the critical drug concentration of rifampicin. Report 1. Studies on the MIC of rifampicin to tubercle bacilli isolated from the rifampicin untreated patients using 1% Ogawa medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 815709 TI - [A study of the PH phage susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 815710 TI - [The clinical significance of the critical drug concentration of rifampicin. Report 2. Clinical investigation: the emergence and reversion of resistance (author's transl)]. PMID- 815711 TI - [Therapeutic indications and effectivity control of Intal resorption in children]. PMID- 815712 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of fistulas in esophageal diverticulosis]. PMID- 815713 TI - [Treatment of external unformed intestinal fistulas in children]. PMID- 815714 TI - [Duodenal diverticulosis]. PMID- 815715 TI - [A "new cause of erythema nodosum worth knowing: yersinia-infections (author's transl)]. AB - In the German literature little has so far been published on the appearance of erythema nodosum (e.n.), particularly in childhood, following Yersinia infections. We have seen a boy aged 10 years and 8 months with marked e.n. on the legs and mildly on the left fore-arm. This had been preceeded by typical enteritic symptoms; contact with numerous animals was noteworthy. When we treated him with penicillin V, septic fever and a rise in the ESR occurred. Serologic examination showed high titres against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The titre of type I fell, that of type II rose which indicated a mixed infection. In view of the increasingly common reports on e.n. following Yersinia infections in adults we have to assume that in childhood, too, Yersinia infections will be found increasingly as a cause of e.n. PMID- 815716 TI - Postconvulsivant hyperammonaemia (author's transl). AB - The blood ammonia levels were estimated in 42 children with convulsions (grand mal). The levels were elevated within 3 hours after the seizure without exception (23 children). 4 to 8 hours after the seizure the levels were found near the upper norm range (6 children). The levels returned to normal 24 hours after the seizure (13 children). PMID- 815717 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma digoxin in nephrotic syndrome. AB - Plasma digoxin was determined by three different radioimmunoassays in blood samples from 12 patients with hypoalbuminemia before and after increasing the concentration of albumin and TBG. With the Clinical-Assays-[125I]-Kit and the Schwarz/Mann-[3H]-Kit reliable digoxin values were obtained even in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 815718 TI - A measles epizootic with 5 deaths in newly-imported rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Of 21 newly-imported rhesus monkeys, 11 showed a typical macular rash and 13 developed a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titre to measles. 5 animals died, 4 of them with extensive pneumonia, pleurisy and pericarditis. Although measles was involved in each case, there were contributory causes of death, namely Diplococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus infection, and infestation with Oesophagostomum (nodular worm) larvae. PMID- 815720 TI - An approach to the financial evaluation of occupational health. PMID- 815719 TI - Improved technique for anaestesia of Macaca speciosa with methohexitone sodium. AB - Injection of methohexitone sodium, 5% w/v in 0.9 % saline, into the deltoid muscle at a dose of 16-17 mg/kg bodyweight was satisfactory for dailty general anaesthesia of Macaca speciosa monkeys. PMID- 815721 TI - The routine physical examination - opiate of the masses. Is it worth the cost? An overview of the problem. PMID- 815722 TI - Cost versus effectiveness of laboratory studies. PMID- 815723 TI - "The routine physical exam - is it worth the cost?". PMID- 815724 TI - Reconstruction of the thermally injured upper extremity. AB - A rational approach to the restoration of function of the upper extremity has been outlined for the burned patient. If these guidelines are followed and the joints of the upper extremity approached individually with a goal of restoring as much range of motion as possible, great functional improvement may be anticipated. The surgical procedures must be augmented with vigorous PT and strong patient motivation. With this combination improvement of function of the upper extremity can be provided that is gratifying to both the surgeon and the patient. PMID- 815725 TI - Total parenteral nutrition. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a relatively new innovation in patient care which allows us to replace and maintain essential nutrients in patients in whom oral or tube feedings are contraindicated or inadequate. Insertion of a catheter into a large central vein permits one to concentrate hypertonic dextrose calories in normal daily fluid requirements. In addition, TPN solutions contain synthetic amino acids or protein hydrolysates, macroelements, electrolytes, and vitamins. Indications for TPN include intestinal fistulas, severe short bowel syndrome, unresolving pancreatitis, advanced inflammatory bowel disease, delayed postoperative gastrointestinal function, developmental anomalies of the intestinal tract, protracted diarrhea of infancy, and hypermetabolic states. Complications encountered in patients receiving TPN are catheter-related mechanical problems, infections, and metabolic abnormalities. In select patients, who otherwise would require repeated hospitalizations for malnutrition, encouraging results have been achieved by the use of TPN in the home. PMID- 815726 TI - Feasibility study of the reversible occlusion device for the vas deferens. PMID- 815728 TI - [Increased home care services--an Alexander's thrust at health costs?]. PMID- 815727 TI - [Today's tasks for internal medicine clinics. 200 old age pensioners were admitted--what became of them?]. PMID- 815729 TI - A descriptive appreciation of modern laboratory instrumentation used for medicolegal purposes: with special emphasis on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 815730 TI - [Splenic infarct revealing paratyphoid fever in a child]. PMID- 815731 TI - [Prepyloric diverticulum of the greater gastric curvature with aberrant pancreas]. PMID- 815733 TI - [Mucolipidosis II or I cell disease. Critical review and study of 5 personal observations]. PMID- 815732 TI - [Use of oral disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of food allergy]. PMID- 815734 TI - Activation of hepatic microsomal glucuronyl transferase from Gunn rats by exposure to light. PMID- 815736 TI - Breast-feeding at one hour of age. PMID- 815735 TI - Pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics. PMID- 815738 TI - Caring for children with help of puppets. PMID- 815737 TI - Coma in children: how it affects parents. PMID- 815739 TI - A way to minimize side effects from radiation therapy. PMID- 815740 TI - Expectant fathers: what are their needs? PMID- 815741 TI - Nursing care for infants with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 815742 TI - An approach to examining the adolescent male. PMID- 815743 TI - Becoming a mother at sixteen. PMID- 815744 TI - Editorial: Beginning a new magazine. PMID- 815746 TI - What a million nurses can do. PMID- 815745 TI - Professionally speaking - free to be. PMID- 815747 TI - Recognizing discord between mother and child and changing it to harmony. PMID- 815748 TI - Supportive nursing care for the mother and newborn who are separated from each other. PMID- 815749 TI - Nursing intervention with the failure-to-thrive family. PMID- 815750 TI - Care of the hospitalized abused child and his family: nursing implications. PMID- 815751 TI - Editorial: Practicing nurses should share their experiences through writing. PMID- 815752 TI - Quality assurance review in nursing. PMID- 815754 TI - Camp nursing: an opportunity for independent practice in a miniature community. PMID- 815755 TI - Mother-child relationships. Infant behavior and maternal attachment: two sides to the coin. PMID- 815756 TI - Editorial: The impact of individual words. PMID- 815757 TI - Starting a system for evaluating quality of care: process and product. PMID- 815753 TI - Approaches to caring for the American Indian maternity patient. PMID- 815758 TI - Stop and think... what are we doing? PMID- 815759 TI - Should children be screened for hypertension? PMID- 815760 TI - Frustration felt by a mother and her child during the child's hospitalization. PMID- 815761 TI - The essence of birth without violence. PMID- 815763 TI - Recognizing the range of human sexual needs and behavior. PMID- 815764 TI - The sexual history as an integral part of the patient history. PMID- 815762 TI - Spending time with the hospitalized child. PMID- 815765 TI - Sexual counseling for pregnant couples. PMID- 815766 TI - Preparing parents to teach their children about human sexuality. PMID- 815767 TI - Sexual disturbance in young children. PMID- 815768 TI - [Controlled therapy of lead poisoning]. PMID- 815769 TI - [Induction of growth- and skeleton maturation disorders by long term corticosteroids therapy]. PMID- 815770 TI - [Study of structural proteins of cyanophage LPP-1A]. PMID- 815771 TI - [Application of microcalorimetry for the identification of microorganisms]. PMID- 815772 TI - [Calculation of average specific growth rate for microorganisms with disturbance in cultivation process stability]. PMID- 815773 TI - [Antagonistic action of prednisolone and buformin in the carbohydrate metabolism of healthy persons (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed and changes of blood glucose and insulin concentration were measured to examine whether the diabetogenic effect of glucocorticoides can be compensated by biguanides. Seven standard weight volunteers with a healthy metabolism were given prednisolone and buformin as well as a combination of both. In spite of the reactively higher insulin secretion after treatment with prednisolone the glucose tolerance was reduced. In contrast, treatment with biguanide improved the glucose tolerance while decreasing the insulin secretion. It was nearly possible to compensate the negative effect of prednisolone on the carbohydrate metabolism by biguanides. We, therefore, consider a preventive administration of biguanides to be effective in long term or high dosage administration of glucocorticoides. PMID- 815774 TI - Clonazepam: a new anticonvulsant. PMID- 815775 TI - [The antibacterial effect of organs and tissues of Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma anatolicum and Ixodes persulcatus ticks]. PMID- 815776 TI - Computer generation of high-energy x-ray dose distributions. AB - A computer program for the generation of high-energy x-ray dose distributions has been developed. The program takes account of the fact that the x-ray beam profile, as affected by penumbra, wedges, beam blocks, or flattening filters, is one of the prime determinants of the dose distribution. Doses from primary and scattered radiation are calculated separately by using published tissue-air ratio (TAR) and scatter-air ratio (SAR) data. The dose from scattered radiation is determined by dividing the x-ray field into a series of scattered strips and summing the contribution from each. Wedges or beam blocks are taken into account simply by earning their actual coordinates and linear attenuation coefficients. The program may be used to design wedges, beam blocks, or flattening filters prior to fabrication. Complete libraries of dose distribution for 60Co, 2-, 4-, and 6-MV x rays have been generated. PMID- 815777 TI - Electron beam treatment-planning system. AB - Some of the physical parameters necessary in electron beam treatment planning are investigated for 5- to 45-MeV electrons extracted from a Brown-Boveri betatron. The percent depth ionization (PDI) curves are compared with the empirical relation given by Laughlin's equation, and an extension of Laughlin's equation is described. The modified absorption coefficient (MAC) method is introduced to correct the isodose distributions for the presence of inhomogeneities, such as lung, with the actual density of lung and the location of the inhomogeneity taken into consideration. Experimental data from measurements made in a water-cork phantom are presented, and the results are compared with the various calculated methods. PMID- 815778 TI - Fast-neutron dose rate vs energy for the d+Be reaction--a reanalysis. AB - The differences in the published information concerning tissue kerma in air vs deuteron energy for the d+Be reaction are analyzed in light of some recent measurements. The reason for the discrepancy is determined to be a lack of electron suppression on the Be target in some earlier measurements, and the relation ln(tissue kerma)=ln(1.356 X 10(-4)+2.97lnE is found to fit the measured data over the deuteron energy range 11-50 MeV. PMID- 815779 TI - [Continuous naso-gastric infusion in the feeding of premature newborn infants]. PMID- 815781 TI - Extraction of impacted teeth in baboons. PMID- 815780 TI - Congenital ophthalmic anomalies in cattle. PMID- 815782 TI - Restriction and modification in B. subtilis. The biochemical basis of modification against endo R. Bsu R restriction. AB - The content of 5-methylcytosine (5MC) and 6-methyladenine (6MA) in modified and nonmodified DNAs from B. subtilis and B. subtilis phage SPP1 were determined. Non modified SPP1-O DNA contains about 15 5MC residues/molecule. Each modified SPP1-R DNA molecule carries 190 modification specific methyl groups. This number is sufficient to account for modification of the 80 restriction sites in SPP1 DNA (Bron and Murray, 1975) against endo R-Bsu R, assuming each modified site contains two 5MC residues. Resistance of SPO1 DNA against endo R-Bsu R restriction both in vivo and in vitro is probably not due to methylation of endo R-Bsu R recognition sites. PMID- 815783 TI - Evidence for a new type of complementation among the cin, lxd and ma-l loci in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A phenotypic effect of the lxd locus in the expression of the cin and ma-l gene products has been described. Flies which are genotypically lxd have normal eye pigments, but maternally affected cin; lxd or ma-l; lxd flies are characterized by mutant eyes which are indistinguishable from those observed in ma-l or ry mutant strains. Furthermore, under ocnditions where there is only partial complementation at the ma-l locus, the presence of the lxd gene is sufficient to prevent normal eye pigmentation. The possibility that these post translational interactions of the cin, lxd, and ma-l loci may prove useful in the isolation of additional loci affecting XDH synthesis is discussed. PMID- 815784 TI - [Technique for the determination of the quantum yield of the primary process in the course of photosynthesis energy transformation. III. Experimental data obtained for different photosynthetic organisms]. AB - A relative method in two modifications has been developed for determination of the quantum yield of primary photosynthesis energy conversion. The purple bacteria E. chaposhnikovii and Chr. minutissimum, R. rubrum chromatophores, cell extracts of E. shaposhnikovii, Rps. spheroides strains GA and R-26, pigment protein complexes from green bacterium Chl. limicola and light subchloroplast particles, enriched in the photosystem I, were investigated. The quantum yields for all these objects were shown to be 90-98%. The accuracy of the relative method used is very high (within 2--4+). The photosynthetic units were proved to be of a multicentral type for all these systems. The quantum yield values permit estimation of the coefficient of efficiency of the primary conversion process as being approximately equal to 35-38% for bacteria and approximately equal to 50% plants. PMID- 815785 TI - [Methodical principles of amnion cell culture]. PMID- 815786 TI - [Prenatally recognizable enzymopathies, metabolic disorders]. PMID- 815787 TI - [Examples and problems within prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 815788 TI - [Prognostic significance of infant nutrition]. PMID- 815790 TI - [Intermediary forms of malnutrition between kwashiorkor and marasmus]. PMID- 815789 TI - [Hungerdystrophy (protein energy malnutrition, PEM) with special reference to nutrition conditions in developing countries]. PMID- 815791 TI - [Degeneration of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis in childhood]. PMID- 815792 TI - [Prevention of amino-acid inbalance in newborn infants under parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 815793 TI - [Experience with feeding using the jejunal probe in 20 premature infants between 750 and 2000g]. PMID- 815794 TI - Diverticular disease of the terminal ileum. PMID- 815795 TI - [The coincidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 815796 TI - [Ascending choledochal papillomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of benign ascending choledochal papillomatosis is reported. The pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic points of view and the prognosis of this disease are discussed in the light of cases so far communicated in the literature. Although, histologically, the choledochal papillomatosis is a benign tumor, its clinical course corresponds to that of a malignant growth. That being so, a radical removal of the tumor is guaranteed exclusively by duodenopancreatectomy. PMID- 815797 TI - [Stenosis of the sigmoid due to endometriosis (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of the rare stenosis of the sigmoid due to an attack of endometriosis is discussed in relation to 5 cases. Particular attention must be paid to the lack of involvement of the intestinal mucosa at the preliminary examination. The problems of definitive diagnosis arising from this, which can usually only be discovered by laparotomy, are gone into. Surgical treatment, in the form of a resection to maintain continuity is the appropriate and optimal therapy for this disease. But extensive mutilating operations on establishment of an endometriotic stenosis are not justified. PMID- 815798 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the ribs in the instable throax following trauma]. PMID- 815799 TI - [Antiedema activity of a non-steroid physiological anti-inflammatory agent (author's transl)]. AB - The antiedema activity of experimental Lysoartrosi, a biological preparation, was demonstrated against edemas induced by carrageenin, formalin, dextran, serotonin, egg albumin and kaolin. Lysoartrosi, containing a mixture of polypeptides, is thus, the only preparation which is active against such a wide spectrum of inflammatory agents. PMID- 815800 TI - [Bronchospasmolysis with Atroven (SCH 1.000) (author's transl)]. AB - A study was performed to evaluate the influence of Atrovent (SCH 1.000) and Ephedrine on the bronchial resistance in patients with obstructive airway diseases. The inhalation of SCH 1.000 was followed by a significant decrease in resistance reaching a maximum of 49.1% and lasting for four hours post inhalation. Ephedrine tablets were comparatively less effective. The second part of our study concerns the cardiovascular reaction of patients with coronary artery diseases after inhalation of SCH 1.000. Side effects involving the cardiovascular system due to inhalation therapy with SCH 1.000 were not registered. Atrovent is recommended as an excellent bronchodilator drug especially in patients with underlying coronary artery disease or tachycardial arrhythmias. PMID- 815801 TI - Coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease, with particular reference to myocardial infarction (author's transl). AB - Coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial vascular disease are parts of a systemic disease. Starting from manifest myocardial infarction, the simultaneous existence of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases in Fontaine's Stages I and II was detected in 176 out of a total of 193 patients with myocardial infarction. The frequency of concomitant coronary and peripheral vascular obstruction was 65.9-94.1% in the three studies carried out. In coronary heart disease without infarction the frequency of a coincident attack in both vascular areas was 87.9%. In 27.8 to 33.3% of the patients with myocardial infarction, signs of peripheral occlusive disease could be demonstrated already before the onset of infarction. The mutual relationships between coronary and peripheral arterial occlusive diseases are of particular significance for the rehabilitation measures striven for. PMID- 815802 TI - [Hospital care of patients with myocardial infarction in West Berlin (author's transl)]. AB - An inquiry with Berlin hospitals on the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction revealed that only 30% were treated on wards guaranteeing optimum supervision and treatment according to their equipment and staff. The inquiry further shows which procedures have gained ground in the treatment of dysrhythmias and heart failure and in the prevention of thrombosis. An improvement of the care is to a lesser extent to be expected from the further development of costly therapeutical specialities but rather from administrative measures ensuring disease-specific admission to appropriate hospitals. This calls for authorities to attend to this task. PMID- 815803 TI - [The effect of proteinase inhibitors in the early stage after experimental myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Our experiments have shown that in cats in the early phase after experimental myocardial infarction, the volume of extravascular fluid increases in the lungs while the intravascular volume decreases. A hemoconcentration developed with increased hematocrit and a fall in plasma volume. The thrombocyte count fell continuously during the first 4 hours after the infarction. The CPK activity in the region of the myocardial infarct was reduced in comparison to uninfarcted tissues. Intravenous injection of 50,000 KIU/kg Trasylol within 20 minutes after the infaction caused a significant reduction of the extravascular fluid in the lungs. All the other parameters were not changed by Trasylol administration, with the possible exception of the fall in thrombocytes which seemed to be slowed after Trasylol. PMID- 815804 TI - [Significance of risk factors of functional disorders of pacemakers (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of increasing reliability of pacemakers and expensive electronic monitoring systems unforeseen disorders of the regular stimulation of the heart cannot be prevented with certainty. Criteria are given by which the individual risk of the carrier of a pacemaker can be determined, so that the degree of danger can be foreseen. Individual methods of monitoring and in particular checking intervals adapted to the risk are suggested. PMID- 815805 TI - [Chronic bronchitis and dust concentration at the place of work (author's transl)]. AB - In connection with the chronic bronchitis key program of the German Research Society 1501 workers in a Munich engineering plant with foundry were examined from 1965 to 1970. With increasing exposure to dust at the work place, bronchitic symptoms such as coughing and sputum become significantly more frequent. Obstructive ventilation disturbances do not increase. Heavy smokers show an overwhelmingly greater frequency of bronchitic symptoms than those exposed to excessive dust. The increase in bronchial obstruction in relation to the consumption of tobacco is remarkable. The effect of age seems to be rather less than that of smoking and greater than that of dust. PMID- 815806 TI - [Demonstration of the effectiveness of the horse-chestnut-seed extract in the varicose syndrome complex]. PMID- 815807 TI - [Acute abdomen masking pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of 10 case histories shows that the picture of the acute abdomen may predominate in acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis. Viscero-dermal reflexes with hyperalgesia and muscular defense, visero-visceral organ reflexes with shock, vomiting, meteorism and disturbances of intestinal motility and metabolic acidosis are temptations to laparotomy. Fever in particular, pathological urinalysis, renal acidosis and occasionally hyperchloremia suggest the diagnosis of "abdominal type of acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis". PMID- 815808 TI - [Advances in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Shortened healing time under high Paspertin dosage (author's transl)]. AB - Metoclopramide (Paspertin) was administered to 30 patients with duodenal ulcer at an average dosage of 2 tablets three times daily (= 60 mg/day). An immediate alleviation of pain was noted in all cases, and complete freedom from complaints has usually occurred after 3 to 8 days. Radiological examinations revealed a good relaxation of the terminal antrum, elimination of spasms in the pyloric region, quick emptying of the stomach and a normal relief of the duodenal mucosa. The excellent efficacy was noted particularly in chronic ulcers resistant to conventional medication. PMID- 815809 TI - [The use of an integrable mobile full text processing systems (author's transl)]. AB - A mobile full text processing system is reported which is independent of a computer, yet can be completely integrated into a data processing system and is purely a storage and retrieval system for data files and data banks which, with relatively little activity ratio of the individual items of information stored, still have an unusually large, widely ramified indexing depth. Acquisition of material, storage and retrieval of information are so simplified in favor of the user, that they can be carried out without specially qualified data processing personnel, but by normal office staff and one's own colleagues after a simple short instruction. The favorable cost makes the system an alternative worth considering in many cases, because fully automatic documentation or system concepts which need digital storage of large quantities of text demand so much intellectual expense and electronic storage capacity, that they are already prohibitive on grounds of cost alone. PMID- 815810 TI - Low mutagenic activity of four hycanthone analogues in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Four structural analogues of the antischistosomal drug hycanthone, indicated as IA-3, IA-4, IA-5, and IA-6, were tested for their ability to induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. The compounds were administered to adult male flies, by abdominal injection or by feeding. Although in some cases a slight enhancement of the mutation frequency was observed, the analogues tested are considerably less mutagenic in this system than hycanthone itself, the concentrations applied being approximately of equal molarity. PMID- 815811 TI - In vivo cytogenetic activity of sulphonylurea drugs in man. AB - A cytogenetic investigation of diabetic patients undergoing treatment with sulphonylurea drugs, particularly chlorpropamide, shows that significantly more chromatid aberrations and chromosome exchange aberrations are present in the lymphocytes of these patients compared with controls. This is taken as evidence of possible mutagenic activity by these drugs, although the possibility cannot be ruled out that the diabetic state itself is a contributory factor. PMID- 815812 TI - Familial hyperproinsulinemia. An autosomal dominant defect. AB - We describe a genetic defect in a kindred in whom proinsulin or a proinsulin-like material constitutes the major fraction of circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both the fasting and stimulated states. The defect, familial hyperproinsulinemia, affects eight males and 10 females in four generations of the kindred, with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Familial hyperproinsulinemia is asymptomatic in the affected progeny, with no apparent relation to hypoglycemia or to the development of diabetes mellitus. This genetic defect may represent either a deficiency in the proinsulin cleaving enzyme (or enzymes) within the beta cell, or more probably, an abnormal species of proinsulin. PMID- 815813 TI - Treatment of hydrazine-induced coma with pyridoxine. PMID- 815814 TI - CAT fever. PMID- 815815 TI - Letter: Light-chain nephropathy. PMID- 815816 TI - Survival, hospitalization charges and follow-up results in critically ill patients. AB - In 226 consecutive critically ill primarily postoperative patients, we determined survival and quality of life, hospitalization charges, and consumption of blood and blood products. The patients were physiologically unstable and required intensive physician and nursing care. By one month, 123 patients had died (54 per cent), 70 were still hospitalized, and 31 were home; only one of 103 survivors had fully recovered. By 12 months, 164 patients (73 per cent) had died, 10 were still hospitalized, and 51 were home. Twenty-seven of 62 survivors had fully recovered. Hospitalization charges averaged $14,304 per patient. The total charge for blood and blood fractions was $617,710--21 per cent of the total hospitalization charge; $515,711 (83 per cent) of the blood charge went to 164 nonsurvivors, whereas $101,939 (17 per cent) went to the 62 survivors. These data document the use of increasingly limited resources in the management of critically ill patients. The medical profession must make difficult decisions to allocate these resources effectively. PMID- 815817 TI - Medicopolitical peace? -- Challenge to Clinical Autonomy -- Compulsory seat belts. PMID- 815818 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 18-1976. PMID- 815819 TI - Kappa-chain deficiency. An immunoglobulin disorder. AB - Since kappa-chain deficiency is an unusual condition, we studied the clinical and laboratory findings in a patient with this deficiency. The patient had cystic fibrosis with concurrent malabsorption, diabetes mellitus and IgA deficiency. The serum levels of IgM and IgG were 0.85 and 7.22 mg per milliliter, respectively. Kappa type IgM and IgG was not present in serum and external secretions; gamma, mu and lambda chains were probably polyclonal in character. Antibodies against kappa chains were not detected in either the patient or the mother. Plasma cells containing kappa-type immunoglobulins were absent in jejunum samples and bone marrow; kappa-chainbearing B lymphocytes could not be detected in blood and bone marrow. The serum of one of the patient's sisters contained trace amounts of kappa-type immunoglobulins. The patient displays a complete absence of kappa-type immunoglobulins, probably owing to a genetic defect. PMID- 815820 TI - Letter: Rubella vaccination policies. PMID- 815821 TI - Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. PMID- 815822 TI - Demonstration of sensory neurones in the ectopic cuticle of spineless aristapedia, a homoeotic mutant of Drosophila. PMID- 815823 TI - Plio--Pleistocene hominid discoveries in Hadar, Ethiopia. PMID- 815824 TI - Immunoglobulin-bearing cells in bone marrow of mice after prolonged treatment with anti-IgM antibodies. PMID- 815825 TI - Bacterial membrane transport of beta-exotoxin, an anti-metabolite of RNA synthesis. PMID- 815826 TI - Morphogenetic mutants detected in mitotic recombination clones. PMID- 815827 TI - Growth of bacilli on methyl-alpha-D-glucoside. PMID- 815828 TI - Fate of thiazolidine ring during fragmentation of penicillin by exocellular DD carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61. PMID- 815829 TI - [Anthrax]. PMID- 815831 TI - [Cerebral paragonimiasis-a report of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Paragonimiasis is a benign parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani and endemic in Japan, mostly in south-western area. Although the lung is the primary site of infection, ectopic involvement of the brain is not uncommon. Over 300 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis have been reported since the first case of this disease described by Ohtani in Japan in 1887. The patient with paragonimiasis in the lung and the brain were though to be decreasing because of the introduction of Bithionol treatment (Yokogawa in 1961) and public health instruction. However, about 20 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis have been reported for 10 years past in Kyushu. PMID- 815830 TI - [The therapeutic risks in the long-term treatment with neuroleptic drugs and lithium. Clinical, histological and biochemical findings]. PMID- 815833 TI - Predictive values of pharmacological models to study opiate dependence. PMID- 815832 TI - [A calvalial metastasis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report and discuss a calvalial metastasis of alveolar soft part sarcoma which primarily developed in the left arm. A 13-year-old girl noted a painless tumor in the left upper arm at the age of 7 years. The tumor was excised and histologically alveolar soft part sarcoma. 5 years later, a rapid growing tumor was noted in the parietal area. The craniograms showed the left parietal bone defect. The chest X-ray showed a few large oval metastatic shadows. The left common carotid angiograms demonostrated high vascularities with irregular vessels in the arterial phase and a homogenous blush or stain in the venous phase. It was thought likely to meningioma. In selective external carotid angiograms, early arterial phase showed a few of vascular streaks in beads, fine tortuous vessels and early conspicuous filling of enlarged vein. Paradoxically, despite evidence of rapid shunting of blood from the lesion. "Wash out" of contrast media from the lesion was slow. Above mentioned angiographic appearance was consistent with that of cases reported by Rosenbaum, A.E., and was considered characteristic features of alveolar soft part sarcoma, meningiosarcoma and malignant melanoma. It must be emphasized that the slective angiography is important to differentiate angiographically alveolar soft part sarcoma, meningiosarcoma, malignant melanoma from meningioma or angioma. Radiotherapy is not effective to the pulmonary metastatic lesion. Selective angiography should be emphazied to be essential for differentiation of alveolar soft part sarcoma from angioma or meningioma. PMID- 815834 TI - Thermoregulatory deficits in the monkey produced by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine injected into the hypothalamus. PMID- 815835 TI - National policies and local planning for health services. AB - The primary reason for health planning in this country is the numerous instances in which the interests of the individual, health-care institution and those of the community may diverge, as in the case of hospital staff appointments for physicians. From a technical standpoint, it is much more difficult to plan for health services at the local level than nationally. Notwithstanding, health services are mostly provided at the local level, and health planning should be geared to the solution of local problems. In performing health planning, the local area can benefit from outside assistance. In the past decade, local health planning has been hampered by unstable federal funding. The absence of national policies and guidelines has led to a constant quest for new ideas. In the absence of substantive concerns, requirements for consumer representation have led to a preoccupation with structure and organization. What is required, in addition to steadier funding, is a fostering of local capabilities for health planning. Health planning organizations will require a good deal of technical assistance in the form of concrete ideas on ways to enhance the flexibility and versatility of health facilities and personnel, monitoring natural experiments and learning their lessons, and elucidating the public policy implications of empirical research findings and even of opposite propositions from theory. In specified circumstances the federal government is expected to serve as the superseding decision maker. PMID- 815836 TI - Improving access to health care among the poor--the neighborhood health center experience. AB - Utilization, cost, and productivity patterns at neighborhood health centers (NHCs) are examined on the basis of data from 82 centers. Minority groups and residents of the South and rural areas are found to have achieved levels of care and benefits closer to equality with other groups at NHCs than has been their health care experience generally. Continuity and comprehensiveness of care and the use of paramedical personnel are shown to be important contributory factors to utilization of NHCs. The impact of alternative cost-saving devices at NHCs is considered. It appears unlikely that professional productivity can be markedly improved. Increasing third-party payments is the most likely means of reducing dependence on operating grants without deleterious effects on utilization. The problem NHCs have had in maintaining stable professional staffs is shown to be a problem which needs further attention if the program is to expand. PMID- 815837 TI - Changing concepts of resuscitation in the United States Army. PMID- 815838 TI - Military blood banking: criteria for storage, refrigeration, transport, and other aspects required in whole blood and blood component logistics. PMID- 815840 TI - Hyperalimentation in cardiothoracic surgery and a technique of central venous catheter placement. PMID- 815839 TI - Inactivated Mayaro vaccine produced in human diploid cell cultures. PMID- 815841 TI - The Vietnam era veteran anomie and adjustment. PMID- 815842 TI - Arteriovenous fistula as a complication of percutaneous internal jugular vein catheterization: case report. PMID- 815843 TI - Planning social work services for an Army general hospital. PMID- 815845 TI - Transient global amnesia: case report. PMID- 815844 TI - The case for closed mitral commissurotomy. PMID- 815846 TI - Work role motivation as a predictor of success in Navy paramedical training. PMID- 815847 TI - [Study on the function of the sinus node and supra- and sub-Hisian A-V conduction in subjects with excitocondution changes after a dihydroergocristine test]. PMID- 815848 TI - [Effect of viral hepatitis on the remission of macroglobulinemia]. AB - A case of Waldenstrom's disease, whose IGM pathological clone was clearly diminished in concomitance with a hepatitis virus is reported. Remission lasted about a year after which the disease took up again with its typical biohumoral features. In view of other reported cases, various factors (chance, interferone, lymphocytotoxic action of the virus) capable of explaining such behaviour are hypothesized. It is concluded that the virus performed a temporary lymphocytotoxic action. PMID- 815849 TI - [Man-enviornment binomial in infectious pathology. Contributions and prospects in the current regional Italian dimension]. PMID- 815850 TI - [Case of pregnancy in a woman with neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 815851 TI - [Maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility in the light of recent statistical and immunohematological data]. PMID- 815852 TI - Weight gain during hyperalimentation. PMID- 815853 TI - Epidemic of hepatitis in man due to aflatoxicosis. PMID- 815854 TI - Protein deprivation refeeding and ammonia intoxication. PMID- 815855 TI - Mucosal immunity in malnutrition. PMID- 815856 TI - Total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 815857 TI - Importance of streptococci as pathogens in the urinary tract. AB - Streptococcus faecalis, while the most common streptococcal serotype causing urinary tract infection, is not the only one. Lancefield group A, B, C and G serotypes are capable of invading the urinary tract. This finding is not generally appreciated. The reason for this anomaly is seen in the failure of most investigators to utilise a definitive procedure to group streptococcal isolates from urine. Streptococci are responsible for 8.5 percent of urinary tract infections in this hospital. PMID- 815858 TI - Combination chemotherapy with CCNU (NSC-79037),hexamethylmelamine (NSC-13875) and methotrexate (NSC-740) in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - 18 patients with metastatic or recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma and one patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea were treated with a combination of CCNU, hexamethylmelamine and methotrexate. Objective remissions were observed in 3/19 (16%): 1 complete, 1 partial (greater than 50%) and 1 incomplete (less than 50%). However, the patient with the complete response was the only drug death, on day 21. Remission duration in the other two patients was 3 and 9+ months respectively. One patient with oat cell carcinoma experienced no tumor progression for 5 months. This combination resulted in severe gastrointestinal toxicity in 5/19, severe thrombopenia in 12/19 and severe neutropenia in 6/19. We conclude that the combination as used here resulted in no increased clinical effectiveness and proved to be quite toxic. PMID- 815859 TI - The superficial lateral muscles of the neck in Macaca cyclopis (Formosan monkey). PMID- 815862 TI - [The place of beta-fetoproteins among other fetal proteins]. AB - Beta1-Fetoprotein (Fbeta1) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) were compared with the help of immunodiffusion methods. They were shown to be non-identical although Fbeta1, as well as HbF, is stained by benzidine. Antisera against Fbeta1 do not form the line of precipitation with HbF. Besides, we succeeded to differentiate Fbeta1 from Fbeta2 (they are separated under chromatography on sephadex G-200). Fbeta1 differs from Fbeta2 by benzidine staining: Fbeta1 is benzidine-positive and Fbeta2 is benzidine-negative. The constant parallelism in the appearance of Fbeta2 and a monomeric subunit IgMs of the immunoglobulin molecule IgM. Both the proteins, Fbeta1 and Fbeta2, are present in the serum of a newborn, as well as of a patient with ataxia-teleangiectasia. At the same time erythrocytes of the latter do not contain HbF, as was shown by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 815865 TI - The importance of proper adjustment of safety bindings. AB - The ski bindings in 50 consecutive patients with fractures of the lower leg were tested. All patients had broken the leg while skiing at two of Sweden's most popular ski resorts. There were 21 boot top fractures, 20 spiral fractures of the tibial shaft, eight malleolar fractures, and one fracture of the lateral tuberosity of the tibia. The tension required for release of the bindings laterally at the toe and vertically at the heel was measured and compared with the values recommended by the International Association for Skiing Safety. The ski bindings in no less than 49 of the 50 patients did not release in both directions at a tension 10 per cent higher than the recommended values. The ski bindings of 50 skiers randomly taken from a ski lift queue at one of the ski resorts studied were tested for comparison. The bindings in 48 of these 50 persons were found to be overadjusted; i.e., their bindings did not release in both directions at values comparable to those recommended by IAS. An analysis of the series stresses the need for bindings releasing also laterally at the heel, with a consistent release mechanism and a tamperproof tension adjustment screw. PMID- 815867 TI - Jejunal diverticula--subtle cause of acute abdomen. PMID- 815866 TI - [Comparative study of the HCS (Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin) level in maternal serum by radioimmunoassay and immunde diffusion]. PMID- 815868 TI - [New species of infusoria of the genus Apiosoma Blanchard, 1883 (Peritricha, Sessilia) from fishes in Ural reservoirs]. PMID- 815870 TI - Supportive care for the child with cancer. PMID- 815869 TI - [Amino acid makeup of the oocyst proteins of some species of coccidia of hens]. AB - The composition of amino acids of sporocysts, membranes of oocysts and oocysts of four species of Coccidia from hens is reported. A considerable figgerence was found to exist in the quantitative composition of amino acids in oocysts of different Coccidia species and in different structures of oocysts. It is necessary to carry out a search of preparations breaking the inclusions of some amino acids into the protein molecule of oocysts of Coccidia from hens. PMID- 815871 TI - Early side effects in treatment of childhood cancer. PMID- 815872 TI - Nuclear medicine and pediatric neoplasia. PMID- 815873 TI - Immunology and immunotherapy of childhood neoplasia. PMID- 815874 TI - [Our experience with intravenous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 815875 TI - [Guidelines for intravenous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 815876 TI - [Effect of prolongation of group O erythrocyte incubation with a suspension of influenza group A-2 virus on the intensity and titer of cold agglutination]. PMID- 815877 TI - Aggression in captive pigtail monkey groups: effects of provision of cover. AB - To assess the influence of provision of "cover" on aggressive behavior in captive nonhuman primate groups, concrete cylinders were introduced into rooms in which six groups of pigtail monkeys resided. Basal incidence of aggression was measured prior to introduction of the cylinders and during their presence in the rooms. Four groups, which underwent little or no change in group composition during the study, exhibited substantially less aggression when cover was available than when it was not. Moderate and extreme changes in group composition occurred in two groups; these changes resulted in slight and dramatic increases in aggression, respectively, at the times when the changes occurred. Subjects frequently used the cylinders to avoid the concrete cylinders resulted in decreased aggression in stable groups but did not prevent aggression in groups which underwent moderate or extreme social change. PMID- 815878 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in fish, crabs, and shellfish of the Lower Fraser River, its estuary, and selected locations in Georgia Strait, British Columbia--1972-73. AB - Between August 1972 and September 1973, fish, crabs, and shellfish were collected from the lower Fraser River, its estuary, and selected areas of Georgia Strait in British Columbia. Samples were analyzed for aldrin, dieldrin, alpha- and gamma chlordane, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Of these, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, heptachlor epoxide, and one PCB, Aroclor 1254, were detected in samples of many fish, crabs, and shellfish from the lower Fraser River and its estuary. Generally, compounds found in decreasing order of magnitude in samples from the Fraser River and its estuary were: PCB's, p,p'-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDD. Greatest concentrations of these compounds occurred in biota from the waters adjacent to the City of Vancouver. With one exception, animals from Georgia Strait and those away from the immediate influence of Fraser River water contained no detectable levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons. PMID- 815879 TI - Health issues of today perspectives for tomorrow. PMID- 815880 TI - An introduction of management information systems in community health agencies. PMID- 815882 TI - [Editorial: Fetomaternal blood incompatibilities in Rh-positive women]. PMID- 815881 TI - [Letter: Association: Waldenstrom-osteocondensation or Paget-macroglobulinemia?]. PMID- 815883 TI - [Hypokalemic quadriplegia revealing Fanconi syndrome and myeloma]. AB - The authors report a case of multiple myeloma presenting in an unusual fashion as a hypokalaemic quadriparesis secondary to a renal proximal tubulopathy. The tubular functional disturbance appeared to be related to the presence of kappa type light chains. Electron microscopical study demonstrated in the cells of the concoluted tubules abnormalities which apparently constitute the anatomical substratum of this abnormality. Study of tubular function revealed glycosuria, proximal type tubular acidosis and altered reabsorption of phophorus and uric acid. PMID- 815884 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of microencapsulated trinitrine]. PMID- 815885 TI - [Letter: Hepatic assistance via cross circulation with an exsanguinated baboon]. PMID- 815886 TI - [Letter: Plasmocyte leukemia. Incidence of Bence Jones proteinuria and of lambda isotypia]. PMID- 815887 TI - [Test with trinitrine. Clinical evaluation of the beta anti-adrenergic effect of acebutolol in arterial hypertension]. AB - The beta-adrenergic stimulation test with nitroglycerin, described by Fitzgerald, was used to monitor antihypertensive treatment with the beta-blocker acebutolol in 30 hypertensive patients. The nitroglycerin-induced tachycardia was reduced by acebutolol and this allowed the degree of beta-blockage to be estimated. It would also be possible, by tests performed before treatment, to select hypotensive patients who could be highly responsive to beta-adrenergic blockers, for whom there are the best prospects of success. PMID- 815888 TI - Methods for the study of regional myocardial perfusion in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: findings at rest after nitroglycerin and during angina pectoris. AB - In patients with ischemic heart disease the evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion by 133Xenon intracoronary injection using a gamma camera computer system allows the detection of regional alterations of myocardial perfusion. While at rest a minority of the patients studied shows large alterations, during pacing induced angina a severe reduction of regional myocardial perfusion can be evidenced both in initial distribution scintigrams, when the injection is performed during angina, and on the washout curves when angina is induced immediately after the injection, during the course of the washout. PMID- 815889 TI - [Behavior of the TSH level in thyroidectomized patients after thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)]. AB - Following operation or/and radioiodine therapy in 69 patients with malignant tumors of the thyroid gland the plasma level of TSH was increased independently of the level of thyroid hormone and of a clinical finding of hypothyroidism. In all cases it was possible to stimulate the secretion of TSH with TRH (p less than 0,0005). Therefore, application of TRH may be helpful to increase the uptake of iodine by metastases. On the other hand substitution of thyroid hormones- thyroxine or triiodothyronine or both combined--resulted in normal levels of TSH and normal response to TRH. PMID- 815890 TI - Comparative base compositions of chloroplast and cytoplasmic tRNAPhe's from Euglena gracilis. AB - The nucleoside compositions of chloroplast and cytoplasmic tRNAPhe's from Euglena gracilis have been determined. The modified nucleoside compositions of these two tRNAs indicate that tRNAPheChl is more similar to procaryotic (E. coli) tRNAPhe than to either the Euglena cytoplasmic tRNAPhe or other eucaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAPhe's. PMID- 815892 TI - Spending to best effect. PMID- 815891 TI - Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA gene chromatin is digested by micrococcal nuclease at sites which have the same regular spacing on the DNA as corresponding sites in the bulk nuclear chromatin. AB - Synchronised cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL were labelled with 3H thymidine at a stage in the cell cycle when only the mitochondrial and extrachromosomal nucleolar ribosomal DNAs were replicating. In this way it was possible to prepare nuclei labelled selectively in the DNA of the ribosomal RNA genes. Since the ribosomal RNA cistrons of these cells are also very active in serving as a template for transcription, experiments were performed to test whether these genes are organised upon a nucleoprotein subunit structure of the kind that has been found in the total chromatin of a wide range of eukaryotic cell types. Tetrahymena macronuclei were prepared labelled uniformly in their DNA with 32P and labelled only in their nucleolar ribosomal DNA with 3H. Both the ribosomal genes and the bulk chromatin were then degraded in situ using micrococcal nuclease. The DNA fragments resulting from mild digestion were analysed on gels to reveal an identical DNA degradation pattern within both the ribosomal and bulk chromatins. It is concluded that the nucleoprotein structure of nucleolar rRNA cistrons posesses a periodic repeat along the DNA which is identical to that found in the substructure of unfractionated chromatin. PMID- 815894 TI - The child with cancer on immunosuppressive therapy. Implications for nursing. AB - Improved therapeutic approaches to childhood cancer not only have produced remarkable extensions in survival, but also have introduced major new problems into the field of pediatric oncology nursing. Care of the patient whose normal immune responses have been suppressed by irradiation and prolonged chemotherapy is one problem. The immunosuppressed child is highly susceptible to infections, and the nurse must devise a plan of care that is designed to reduce the risks that lead to these infectious complications. Because of the stresses associated with aggressive cancer therapy the patient may experience serious emotional difficulties that require the nurse's attention. Most important, the nurse's attitude toward the childhood cancer patient must be broadened to include the concept that many of these children are possibly cured of their cancer and should be encouraged to lead normal lives. PMID- 815893 TI - [Respect for biological balance in the treatment of liquid waste with a new disinfectant]. PMID- 815895 TI - Cost effectiveness and staff appraisal. PMID- 815896 TI - Dutchman's cut. PMID- 815897 TI - [Changes in the serum and sputum histaminase activity during balneotherapy for chronic bronchitis in miners]. PMID- 815898 TI - [Personal observations on the protective effect of Intal in asthma in children]. PMID- 815899 TI - [Some early studies connected with bile tract surgery]. PMID- 815900 TI - [Treatment by sandoven-f in patients with venous affections (author's transl)]. PMID- 815901 TI - [The development of a psychosomatic basis therapy entitled "the ftan meditation" (author's transl)]. PMID- 815902 TI - [Age and features of the functional activity of the thyroid gland in experimental hypocorticism]. AB - Data are presented on age peculiarities of the functional activity of the thyroid gland, thyrotropic function of the hypophysis, transport forms of thyroid hormones, and tissue thyroxin saturation in experimental hypocorticism in rats. Investigations were conducted on albino male rats of three age groups--1 1/2-2, 8 10, 28-32 months old. The changes which took place in rats of different age after adrenalectomy were in the same direction, but unequal in different links of the thyroid gland regulation of metabolism and its function. These changes were expressed in reduction of the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis, of the secretory activity of the thyroid gland, of the thyroxin-binding capacity of the blood serum, and of the tissue thyroxin saturation. With the advance of age there was a marked decrease in the reaction capacities of the functional link of the hypophysis and the thyroid gland tissue, but not in the tissues. PMID- 815903 TI - [Clinico-bacteriological parallels in patients operated on for fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 815904 TI - [Primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antitubercular drugs and its clinical significance]. PMID- 815905 TI - [Primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with coniotuberculosis]. PMID- 815906 TI - Large subunit ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase messenger RNA from Euglena chloroplasts. AB - RNA from wild-type Euglena, aplastidic mutant cells, and purified chloroplasts was chromatographed on oligo(dT)-cellulose at 4 degrees. The poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-lacking fractions from each were then tested in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from wheat germ for their abilities to specifically stimulate synthesis of large subunit ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.39; 3 phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)]. The large subunit polypeptide (59,000 molecular weight) was identified in the in vitro reaction by two dimensional electrophoresis involving isoelectric focusing and size filtration on polyacrylamide gels. Template activity for the large subunit was detected in wild type cells but not in aplastidic mutant strains; it was highly enriched in the isolated chloroplasts. This messenger was present only in the poly(A)-lacking RNA fraction, where it constituted the most prominent template species of chloroplast RNA. The large subunit message was freed of considerable non-messenger RNA contamination and localized to the 10-20S fraction by sucrose gradient centrifugation. PMID- 815907 TI - No detectable reiteration of genes coding for mouse MOPC 41 immunoglobulin light chain mRNA. AB - RNA fractions rich in immunoglobulin light (L)-chain mRNA were isolated from mouse myeloma MOPC 41 by procedures previously described, and chemically labeled with 125I. These RNA fractions were hybridized with MOPC 41 DNA under conditions of DNA excess. Hybridization conditions were chosen under which the entire sequence of the L-chain mRNA probe, thus including the variable region, remains available for hybridization throughout the reaction. The hybridization (C0t) curve showed double transition kinetics, with one component corresponding to about 250 gene copies and the other to about two to four copies. In contrast, when MOPC 41 L-chain mRNA was further purified as a single band by gel elecptrophoresis in 99% formamide, the hybridization curve showed only a single transition, corresponding to about two to four genes, with the disappearance of the "reiterated" component. That component resulted therefore from contaminating RNA species. The data indicate that no reiteration can be detected by RNase or by hydroxylapatite for the genes corresponding to the entire sequence of MOPC 41 L chain mRNA, including the untranslated segments, within the limits of detectability of short reiterated segments. It thus appears that there is only one or very few genes corresponding to the 41 L-chain variable region "subgroup" in MOPC 41 DNA. The possibility that the variable genes of plasmocytes might result frm a combination of several nonreiterated germline genes is discussed. PMID- 815908 TI - Transcription in vitro of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in isolated mouse myeloma nuclei and chromatin. AB - Messenger RNA sequences for immunoglobulin kappa light chain were synthesized in vitro in isolated mouse myeloma nuclei using bound endogenous RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase; nucleoside triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) and from isolated myeloma chromatin using exogenous Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The in vitro RNA was transcribed using 5-mercuriuridine triphosphate and separated from in vivo RNA by chromatography on an agarose sulfhydryl affinity column. Template restriction is retained in vitro since synthesis of kappa chain messenger RNA, As determined by hybridization with complementary DNA, was much more efficient in nuclei and chromatin isolated from myeloma 66.2 tissue culture cells, a kappa-chain-producing cell line, than from MOPC 315 tissue culture cells, a lambda-chain-producing cell line. Transcription of kappa chain messenger RNA was 25 times more efficient in myeloma 66.2 nuclei than in myeloma 66.2 chromatin. PMID- 815909 TI - Subunit interactions in mouse myeloma proteins with anti-galactan activity. AB - The interactions among the subunits of a unique set of mouse myeloma proteins having specificity for beta-D-(1,6) galactans has been studied by making homologous and heterologous recombinants of heavy and light chains. The recombinations were carried out by mixing together the desired heavy and light chains that had been separated on a Sephadex G-100 column in urea-acetic acid and renaturing the chains at near neutral pH. One homologous and six heterologous recombinants have been prepared. All the recombinants prepared possessed a four chain native-like structure. The ligand binding activity and idiotypic specificity of the homologous recombinant were essentially indistinguishable from those of the original native protein. All the heterologous heavy-light chain combinations also led to the regeneration of functional binding sites. The affinity of the heterologous recombinants towards various galactose ligands was comparable to those of the native molecules. Furthermore, the ligand binding affinity of the recombinants was almost invariably closer to the Ka of the original protein that had a higher affinity. Idiotypic specificity of the heterologous recombinants paralleled that of the original protein that had contributed the heavy chain. PMID- 815911 TI - Naevoid pigmentation with giant melanosomes (two cases). PMID- 815912 TI - Carcinoma of the penis. External beam therapy. PMID- 815910 TI - Mouse amyloid protein AA: Homology with nonimmunoglobulin protein of human and monkey amyloid substance. AB - The major protein extracted from anyloid deposits induced in mice by injection of either Candida albicans cells or sodium caseinate was found to have chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and an amino-acid compostiion characteristic of the AA class of amyloid proteins. The homology of the mouse protein with protein AA from man and monkey was established by determination of the sequence of the first 28 amino-acid residues. PMID- 815913 TI - Potentiation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aspirin by caffeine in the rat. AB - Caffeine has been found to potentiate the acute anti-inflammatory activity of aspirin, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone, but not the activity of sodium salicylate or hydrocortisone, in the carrageenan pleurisy or hindlimb models of inflammation in the rat. The mobilization of inflammatory cells was not affected by aspirin in the presence or absence of caffeine. The mild analgesia produced by aspirin was confined to a hyperalgesic test in which this drug was able to reduce inflammation and concomitant hyperalgesia and thereby produce an "apparent" analgesic effect. This "apparent" analgesia produced by aspirin was potentiated by caffeine. The mechanism responsible for the potentiated anti-inflammatory and mild analgesic activity of aspirin remains unknown since caffeine did not alter the plasma salicylate levels or prostaglandin synthetase inhibition produced by aspirin. PMID- 815914 TI - Experimental studies on mice subcutaneously challenged with heat-killed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Mice were found to be generally refractory to sc challenge with heat-killed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and did not die unless unusually high concentrations were employed. Approximately 38.6% of the animals receiving a single, sublethal dose of 1 X 10(10) dead cells developed black, crusty, necrotic skin lesions within 3 to 5 days. No major gross and histopathological changes were detected in internal organs. If the animals were sc administered sublethal doses of either live or dead cells of P aeruginosa 16 days prior to sc challenge, then the incidence of black lesions rose to 78.6 and 50% of the animals, respectively. Of several antineoplastic agents tested, only methotrexate significantly affected the 72-hr LD50 resulting in a drop to 1.8 X 10(9) afrom 3.4 X 10(10) cells. However, both methotrexate and actinomycin D decreased the incidence of the black lesions. PMID- 815915 TI - Improvements for consistently inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats: I. without using mycobacterium. II. inoculating encephalitogen into the ear. AB - Several methods of inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats were examined using different (i) rat strains, (ii) combinations of encephalitogen with different adjuvants, and (iii) sites of encephalitogen inoculation. The time course and severity of the ensuing diseases were determined and methods delineated for inducing a disease with limited variability and high incidence. Omitting the mycobacterial component from the adjuvant eliminated the complication of adjuvant arthritis, which may develop after the appearance of EAE. Encephalitogenic emulsions prepared with an equal volume of frozen guinea pig spinal cord (GPSC) and hexadecane or squalene, injected into two inguinal nodes or one foot pad of Lewis rats, provided two quick and easy ways to induce EAE. Emulsions of encephalitogen with Freund's complete adjuvant or hexadecane, injected into the ear, also induced EAE but lengthened the time between the antigen inoculation and clinical symptoms which accompany the onset of EAE disease. However, injection into the ear offers an advantage over the Newbould technique (direct instillation of encaphalitogen in pre-exposed lymph nodes), since the animals can be confidently predosed with drugs which may reduce lymphoid mass. Effects of local inflammation on systemic drug metabolism are also minimized when using the ear route. PMID- 815916 TI - Effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on serum prolactin and growth in heifers. AB - Twelve heifers were exposed to 21 degrees ambient temperature for 10 days, and then subjected to 4.5, 21, or 32 degrees for 9 days in controlled environmental chambers. Serum prolactin (PRL) decreased linearly (P less than 0.01; 0.6 ng/ml/degrees) as the temperature was reduced during the first day from 21 to 4.5 degrees; serum PRL increased linearly (P less than 0.05; 1.17 ng/ml/degrees) as the temperature was increased from 21 to 32 degrees. Between Days 2 and 9 serum PRL averaged 2.6, 13.0, and 27.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.05) at 4.5, 21, and 32 degrees, respectively. Injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) caused serum PRL to increase within 5 min from 20.4 to 109.8 ng/ml at 32 degrees, at 21 degrees serum PRL increased from 15.7 to 62.8 ng/ml, whereas at 4.5 degrees serum PRL did not respond to TRH. Serum growth hormone (GH) averaged 4.0, 6.3, and 9.4 ng/ml at 4.5, 21, and 32 degrees, respectively, but these means were not different (P greater than 0.10). TRH released GH at all temperatures tested, but the quantity released was unaffected by ambient temperature. Relative humidities of 50 and 90% did not significantly alter (P greater than 0.05) serum PRL or GH. We conclude that ambient temperature affects basal and TRH-stimulated concentrations of serum PRL but not GH in heifers. PMID- 815917 TI - Potentiometric titration of 8-hydroxyquinoline with Cu(II) using Cu(II) sulphide ion selective electrode. PMID- 815918 TI - [Bioautographic detection of the antimicrobial active constituents of propolis]. PMID- 815919 TI - Drug conjugation in Gunn rats: reduced UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and UDP glucosyl transferase activities with increased glycine-N-acyltransferase activity. AB - Glucuronyl, glucosyl, glutathione, glycine conjugations and epoxide hydration were studied in livers of Wistar and Gunn rats. The activities of bilirubin UDP glucuronosyl transferase and UDP-glucosyl transferase were reduced in microsomes of homozygous and heterozygous Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats (over 90 and 55 65%, respectively). Conjugation of 4-methylumbelliferone by UDP-glucuronosyl transferase was also reduced (30-35%) in Gunn rats. Treatment of microsomes in vitro with membrane perturbating agents increased the measurable activities but did not change the activity relationships between Wistar and Gunn rats. Microsomal epoxide hydrase and soluble glutathione-S-epoxide transferase activities occurred in Gunn rats at the Wistar level, but mitochondrial glycine-N acyltransferase activity was elevated in homozygous and heterozygous Gunn rats (66 and 47%, respectively). The reciprocal velocity plots of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity were similarly concave in Gunn and Wistar rats. PMID- 815920 TI - Counting losses in multidetector radiation counters. AB - We examined the reasons for the reduction in response of a multidetector radiation counting system when operated at high count-rates and established a convenient method of correction which is accurate to within +/- 1% up to 0-6 X 10(5) counts per second. In its application the method uses the observed count rates from each detector at the time of measurement and previously determined values of critical time intervals of the electronic system. The detected signals establish these intervals in which further signals occurring within them are lost from the response. These further signals can also cause the loss of the signals establishing the intervals. The correction is of particular value when high sensitivity whole-body counters are used to measure the activity of administered isotopes in metabolic studies. PMID- 815923 TI - Percentage depth doses for high energy x-rays. AB - Percentage depth doses for 34 MV betatron X-rays were measured ionometrically for a number of square fields of side 5-20 cm. Significant differences in the depth doses for different field sizes were found in the build-up region and in the depth of maximum dose. A systematic change with depth was also indicated in the exponential region of these curves. These differences are discussed in terms of the changes in the contributions of primary radiation and of scattered radiation from both the collimator and the phantom. PMID- 815922 TI - A radiotherapy dose integrator for 300 kVp x-rays. AB - Radiation dose given to patients undergoing radiotherapy by 300 kVp X-rays is detected by a thimble ionization chamber placed at the skin surface. Current from the chamber is amplified by a varactor amplifier, whose output is scaled by a calibration potentiometer before being converted into a frequency. This frequency is reduced by digital transistor-transistor logic (TTL) divider circuitry so that one rad of dose yields one pulse. The total dose is then accumulated by displaying TTL counters. The required dose is fed to the unit by a keyboard, and displayed. When the radiation dose given is equal to the dose that has been preset, then the X-ray exposure is automatically stopped. The salient features of the design are: failsafe operation, excellent reliability, minimal maintenance and simplicity, due to the use of modular and TTL circuitry. There is also a circuit in corporated in the design which checks the dose rate for continuity during an exposure. PMID- 815921 TI - Californium-252 line sources: experimental verification of depth dose data using NTA films and dosage tables based on Paterson and Parker rules. AB - Californium-252 promises to be an effective radium substitute in brachytherapy. In certain situations, such as cancer of the uterus, the dose rate near a linear source may be of interest. Paterson and Parker have tabulated the number of milligram hours for various active lengths of radium sources to give 1000 rad at different distances from the centre of the source. This paper presents similar results for Cf-252 (microgram hours to give 1000 rad neutron dose). The paper also reports the results of experimental measurements of neutron depth dose distributions for both single line sources and arrays. Kodak NTA films and a phantom were used for the study. The experimental results are found to agree well with the theoretically predicted results. PMID- 815924 TI - Holographic measurements of electron-beam dose distributions around inhomogeneities in water. PMID- 815925 TI - The determination of total-body potassium using a whole-body monitor. PMID- 815926 TI - Metering of intravenously infused nutrients in VMH lesioned rats. AB - Rats were chronically implanted with lesioning electrodes in the ventromedial hypothalamus and with intracardiac catheters. The effects on ad lib oral food intake of a continuous intravenous infusion of glucose were studied both before and after lesioning. Before the lesion oral food intake was reduced by an average of 0.59 kcal per kcal infused. Postlesion the reduction of oral intake was correlated with the caloric value of the infusion, with a mean of 0.92 kcal per kcal. Rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions thus adjust their oral intakes in accordance with a systemically infused supplement. Further, the metering of systemically infused substrates actually appears to be more adequate after the lesion. This may be due to an exaggerated insulin release to systemic inputs which have bypassed the orogastric route and are thus unable to elicit preabsorptive endocrine reflexes. PMID- 815927 TI - Influence of secobarbital and chlorpromazine on precentral neuron activity during attentive behavior in monkeys. AB - Precentral motor cortex neurons were studied under non-drug and drug conditions in three trained monkeys during the performance of a go-no go visual "attention" task. The two drugs studied, secobarbital and chlorpromazine, produced differing patterns of effect on components of the motor sequence involved in reaction time. The following components were considered: The SF interval or the period from stimulus onset to change in neuronal firing; the FR interval, which is the period from change in firing to the beginning of the task response; and MT or movement time, which is the time necessary to complete the response. Secobarbital produced an increase of 80% in SF and a relatively small average change in FR although there was considerable variability in the latter. MT was decreased in most secobarbital experiments. Anatomical factors relating to the FR variability were considered, and the MT decrease was discussed in terms of possible excitatory effects of the drug. Chlorpromazine produced small increases in SF, FR and MT, alternating with periods of complete abolition of performance. The results were discussed in terms of theories of attention deficit following administration of secobarbital and chlorpromazine. PMID- 815928 TI - Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of 3H-mescaline in the brain of the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. AB - Autoradiographs of the brain of the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, show a strong labeling of the hippocampus and the N. amygdalae 18 h after injection of 3H mescaline. A similar characteristic autoradiographic pattern was previously found in the mouse brain, too. PMID- 815929 TI - The national Health Planning Information Center. PMID- 815930 TI - Regulatory and review functions of agencies created by the act. PMID- 815931 TI - Critical experiences in organizing and administering a state certification of need program. PMID- 815932 TI - Implementing the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. PMID- 815933 TI - The HSA and the PSRO: toward a linkage. PMID- 815934 TI - Toward an invisible college: Training of planning personnel for local and state agencies. PMID- 815935 TI - Training board members for health planning agencies. A review of the literature. PMID- 815936 TI - Validity of repeating patient origin studies for rural hospitals. AB - Recent research in southwest Idaho and southeast Oregon indicates that hospital service areas in this rural locality have not changed over time. The 12-county study area includes approximately 42,000 square miles inhabited by only 265,491 people. The focal point of hospital care in this region is Boise, Idaho, with adjacent smaller centers. Data used in the paper came from two sources-a patient origin study completed in 1968 and a health interview survey completed in 1973. In both studies information was collected on patients' places of residence and where they went to receive hospital care. Because of the 6-year timespan between the studies, it was suspected that there may have been changes in the hospitals' service areas. An examination of some variables that customarily influence hospital service areas, such as number of physicians, number of hospital beds, and size of population, revealed that, despite sizable changes in all these variables, no appreciable changes were noted in the spatial patterns of the hospitals' service areas. This result was unexpected, but it may indicate to others engaged in planning for rural hospitals that updating patient origin studies in their areas may produce only marginal benefits. PMID- 815938 TI - Potential contribution of consumers to an integrated health care system. PMID- 815937 TI - Strategy for determining local area need for cardiovascular surgical services. AB - At the request of the Connecticut State Council on Hospitals, a study was made of existing and needed facilities for cardiovascular surgery in the Hartford area. Adequate data on incidence or prevalence of cardiovascular disease were unavailable, and agreed-upon criteria for selecting suitable candidates for surgical intervention were lacking. It was therefore impossible to estimate need for cardiovascular surgery as a basis for determining the need for additional facilities. Instead, estimates were made of potential caseloads, based on trends in rates of cardiac surgery nationwide for 1961-69 and on actual rates in the Hartford area hospitals in 1972. These estimates of potential caseloads were compared with the capacity of existing surgical units as determined by onsite surveys of surgical units, diagnostic facilities, and supportive services and personnel. The methods described provided evidence to suggest that expansion of cardiac surgical services in the Hartford area would be inappropriate. Of more practical import, the approach, although not unassailable, affords one mechanism for focusing discussion of need for facilities on questions of "probable use" of services, rather than on vague generalities based on unknown and immeasurable "needs" for cardiac surgery. PMID- 815939 TI - Use of community residents as interviewers in a dental health care research project. PMID- 815940 TI - Differential performance on subtests of the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates examination. PMID- 815941 TI - Public Health Reports, October 1960: oral poliovirus vaccine. Statement by Leroy E. Burney. PMID- 815942 TI - The designation of health service areas. PMID- 815943 TI - Food poisoning. PMID- 815944 TI - ["Preparative" chromatographic fractionation of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Specific studies on their identification]. AB - The AA. describe a technique for chromatographic fractionation of the isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase. They utilized a hydroxylapatite column, soaking the isoenzymes suspension at its top. As eluting solutions they utilized a series of phosphate buffers, pH 6,8, at increasing ionic strength. The elution, allowed the separation of three fractions which the AA. identified by spectrophotometric, electrophoretic and immunologic analysis and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. -- Electrophoretic analysis showed that the "first fraction" eluted from the chromatographic column corresponding to the first peak, contained 8,5% of total protein, the "second chromatographic fraction", corresponding to the second electrophoretic peak contained 82,5%, whereas the "third" contained 9%. -- Nitrogen contents in the three eluted fractions showed the following values: 6,6% in the first fraction, 85,5% in the second, 8% in the third. These values are very near the ones obtained from ferogram. -- Spectrophotometric analysis revealed similar structure for the three fraction, in the range 230-300 nm of spectrum and a second peak at 400 nm for the third eluted fraction. -- The atomic spectrophotometric absorption revealed the presence of zinc in the three fractions, the amount of the element resulted almost constantly related to the nitrogen concentration in each of them. PMID- 815945 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods for research on Australia antigen]. AB - 490 blood samples have been examined for the comparison of the various methods concerned with the detection of the Australia Antigen (Au). The following methods have been comparatively examined: immunodiffusion (ID) counterelectrophoresis (CEP), complement fixation (CF) passive hemoagglutination (HA) and solid phase radioimmunoassay RIA. On the basis of the results so far obtained the RIA appears the most sensitive and specific method, followed by the HA. In order to obtain reproducible results for diagnostic purposes we suggest to carry out routinely two different techniques together (possibly RIA and HA), while for screening purposes just one technique, choosed between the two most indicative ones, shall be employed. PMID- 815946 TI - Repair of radiation-induced strand scissions in nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 815947 TI - The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on tyrosinase. PMID- 815948 TI - [The quantitative analysis of the influence of dose fractionation on the relative cytogenetic effectivity of high-energy electrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 815949 TI - [Effect of the natural cavities of the human body on the dose distribution of electrons with an energy of 5-20 MeV]. PMID- 815950 TI - [Behavior of the ETR test after suppression and stimulation in functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 815951 TI - [Orbital changes in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of orbital dysplasia due to v. Recklinghausen's disease is reported. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and roentgenographic findings of this disease are presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. The congenital anomalies of the orbital bones are characteristic and allow to establish the correct diagnosis. PMID- 815952 TI - Diagnosis of partial gastric diverticula. AB - Five partial (intramural) gastric diverticula were observed in about 10,000 routine examinations of the stomach and confirmed by endoscopy or operation. All diverticula were located on the greater curvature of the antrum. A round or oval pouch with a small neck and typical changes in shape and size represent the diagnostic radiographic features of partial diverticulum. Complete filling of the diverticulum by administration of a spasmolytic and the use of the double contrast method proved to be important for the correct diagnosis. PMID- 815953 TI - Intravenous hepatosplenography. Experiment evaluation of a new contrast material. AB - A new, lipoid-based experimental contrast material (AG 60-99) was intravenously infused into 29 rhesus monkeys. The injections resulted in dense hepatosplenograms, preserving diagnostic quality for over 24 hours, and enabling routine utilization of tomography. This technique is capable of demonstrating simulated hepatic masses as small as 5 mm in diameter in vivo. Limited histopathologic and toxicity studies showed no serious or lasting toxic manifestations from AG 60-99 and none of the animals died from it. AG 60-99 is felt to be potentially useful in the radiographic detection of early metastic or lymphomatous involvement of the liver and spleen. PMID- 815954 TI - Diverticulum of the hepatic duct: a rare anomaly. AB - A diverticulum of the hepatic duct was found in a 25-year-old woman. Cholangiography revealed that the diverticulum was cystic in nature and contained several stones. Since the intrahepatic ducts are never seen at surgery, the authors stress the importance of preoperative and operative cholangiography in locating such anomalies. PMID- 815955 TI - Functional and structural basis of thermoreception. PMID- 815957 TI - Studies on diphtheria in Bombay. PMID- 815956 TI - Sensitization of high threshold receptors with unmyelinated (C) afferent fibers. PMID- 815958 TI - Iron and diphtheria toxin production. PMID- 815959 TI - Therapeutic measurement in tetanus (guest lecture). PMID- 815960 TI - What makes a good pertussis vaccine? PMID- 815961 TI - Vaccine composition in relation to antigenic variation of the microbe: is pertussis unique? PMID- 815962 TI - Laboratory methods in the screening of anthelmintics. PMID- 815964 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of the occurrence of tyrosinase in transplantable amelanotic melanoma in Syrian hamster]. PMID- 815963 TI - Evidence for enhanced venous smooth muscle turnover of prostaglandin-like substance in portal veins from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The sensitivity of portal veins from 14 to 18 week-old Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats to prostaglandins A2, B2, D2 and F2alpha were enhanced whereas the sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 was diminished when compared with responses of veins from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with both eicosotetraynoic acid (ETYA) and indomethacin (INDO) abolished the observed differences in sensitivity to prostaglandins. Synthesis of prostaglandin-like substance (with arachidonic acid as precursor) was significantly enhanced in portal veins from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Metabolism of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha, employing the oil-immersion technique of Kalsner and Nickerson, appeared to be similar in veins from normotensive and hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that prostaglandin synthesis is enhanced in venous smooth muscle from hypertensive rats. The increased concentration of endogenous prostaglandin at the venous smooth muscle cell may modify the responses to exogenously administered prostaglandins thus accounting, in part, for the altered sensitivity to these fatty acids. PMID- 815965 TI - [Methods of detection of Sarcoptes scabiei]. PMID- 815966 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the Institute of Pediatric, Department of Surgery in the years 1966-1973 (author's transl)]. PMID- 815967 TI - [True perforated duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 815968 TI - Chagas' achalasia treated by a jejunal interposed segment. AB - Resection of the achalasic area and replacement by a segment of jejunal loop, associated with vagotomy and pyloroplasty, has been performed in 21 patients. The majority of these patients had Chagas' disease, with a dilated esophagus wider than 7 cm. This surgical procedure offered symptomatic relief in 20 of our 21 cases. One patient died, but the death was not necessarily related to the operation. Although disphagia and regurgitation did not disappear entirely in all cases the decrease in severity of these symptoms was such to allow the few symptomatic patients to lead an entirely normal life after the operation. PMID- 815969 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin and pulmonary and liver diseases]. PMID- 815970 TI - [Pathology of esophageal diverticula]. PMID- 815971 TI - [Ceruloplasmine in schizophrenic and in epileptic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Ceruloplasmine was measured in serum of normal, schizophrenic and epileptic patients through the use of oxidase and immunological methods. The measurements were correlated to find: the reliability of oxidase method as an index of ceruloplasmine concentration and the immunological identity of this protein in the three groups of individuals. The results showed that the oxidase method served as a good index of ceruloplasmine concentration in the sera and that an immunological identity among the three groups exised. A significant correlation between the serum oxidase activity and the ceruloplasmine immunological determination was, further, observed. PMID- 815973 TI - [Absorption of drugs through the bladder. Experiences with antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 815972 TI - Techniques of skinned cardiac cells and of isolated cardiac fibers with disrupted sarcolemmas with reference to the effects of catecholamines and of caffeine. AB - Single cardiac cells with disrupted sarcolemmas were obtained by homogenization in low free [Ca2+] medium. Skinned cardiac cells were obtained by microdissection of remaining pieces of sarcolemmas. In both preparations the buffers bathing the cells were in contact with the structures controlling activation: myofilaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Tension was recorded with a highly sensitive force transducer. The use of either high or low total [EGTA] permitted the study of the effect of free [Ca2+] on either the myofilaments or the internal stores. At physiological levels of myoplasmic free [Ca2+], the internal stores of Ca2+ were located mostly in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, whereas mitochondria were involved at higher free [Ca2+]. Single cardiac cells with simply disrupted sarcolemmas responded to variations of perfusion media in a manner similar to the skinned cardiac cells. However, the remaining pieces of sarcolemma represented a limit to the intracellular diffusion of externally applied media and might contain receptor sites for catecholamines. In multicellular fragments, evidence of surface membrane activity (resting and action potentials) were found during certain ionic modifications. PMID- 815974 TI - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins in rabbit renal cortex. AB - Prostaglandin biosynthetic activity has been found in the microsomal fractions prepared from rabbit renal cortex. The cortex preparation requires arachidonic acid as substrate and hydroquinone and reduced glutathione as cofactors for enzymatic activity and is inhibited by indomethacin. The biosynthetic capacity of the washed microsomes of cortex ranges from one third to equal that of the washed microsomes of medulla. A partially purified medullary cytoplasmic factor and crystalline hemoglobin can stimulate greatly the synthetase activity in the microsomes of the medulla, but they have no effect on the activity of cortical microsomes. PMID- 815975 TI - Lysosomal membrane labilization by DDT, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). AB - Incubation of the ubiquitous pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), DDT and DDE with rat liver lysosomes shows that these lipophillic substrates are highly active labilizers of lysosomal membranes. The release of acid phosphatase was used as a marker enzyme and at high PCB, DDT and DDE concentrations (2X10(-3)M) the lytic activity was similar to that of the detergent Triton X-100; at lower concentrations most of the commercial PCB samples, DDT and DDE still retain considerably lytic activity. PMID- 815976 TI - The effect of homogenisation on the level of scrapie activity detected in cells from spleens of scrapie affected mice. AB - Suspensions of cells from the spleens of mice inoculated with scrapie agent were titrated for scrapie activity at two stages, before and after disruption to release activity. Similarity between the titres obtained from the two types of suspension provided evidence to support the suggestion that there is one unit of activity per affected cell and that multiplication of scrapie agent is associated with cell replication. PMID- 815977 TI - [Extensive laryngeal involvement in neurofibromatosis in a 15-year-old boy. Surgery by lateral pharyngotomy]. PMID- 815979 TI - [Parenteral nutrition: which amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids to use?]. PMID- 815978 TI - [Delayed form of mucopolysaccharidosis II. (Hunter's syndrome): Occurrence in 4 brothers]. PMID- 815980 TI - [Compression injuries of the malleolus]. PMID- 815981 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge on endemic casses of Chagas' disease in the State of Espirto Santo]. PMID- 815982 TI - [Evaluation of a freeze-dried reagent for the diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis hemgglutination test. Study in 1, 123 serum of blood donors]. PMID- 815983 TI - [Reaction of the Trypanosoma cruzi strain to the experimental therapeutical response to Bay 2502 (results of long term treatment)]. PMID- 815984 TI - Developmental changes in Drosophila. PMID- 815985 TI - Investigation on wing development by a multivariate analysis. PMID- 815986 TI - [Effect of a synthetic derivative of verrucarine E and endoxan Guerin's tumor in rats]. PMID- 815987 TI - [Usefulness of 3 orthogonal ECG leads in healthy children and children with heart diseases as compared with 12 conventional leads]. PMID- 815988 TI - [Parameters of blood clotting and fibrinolysis in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 815989 TI - [Slow EEG activity under the influence of hyperventilation in children with epilepsy]. PMID- 815990 TI - [Estimation of the influence of hyperventilation on paroxysmal EEG activity in children with epilepsy]. PMID- 815991 TI - [Role of Candida albicans infections in the development of chronic non-specific respiratory diseases based on mycological, allergological and serological studies]. PMID- 815992 TI - [Proteins and some synovial fluid components from patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 815993 TI - [Effect of somatotropin on the morphology of Langerhans islets in young and adult guinea pigs]. PMID- 815994 TI - [Analysis of neoplastic metastases to the heart in the sectional material of the Department of Pathology of the Bialystok Medical Academy]. PMID- 815995 TI - [Effect of some amino acids on the regeneration of skeletal muscles in white rats]. PMID- 815997 TI - [Bacteriology and immunology of meningococcus in school population]. PMID- 815996 TI - [Chronic lymphoid leukemia and multiple myeloma]. AB - The authors report a case of multiple kappa myeloma comboned with chronic lymphoid leukemia. The chronic lymphoid leukemia had evolved over a 13-year period in the classical manner, without serum or urnary monoclonal immunoglobulins. The multiple myeloma with blood and urinary kappa chains appeared suddenly with a typical clinical and radiological picture accompanied by renal insufficiency. Thd diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of both lymphocyte and plasmocyte cell proliferation and a study of the ultrastructure which showed the sarcomatous and secretory character of the plasmocytes. A study of plasmocyte subpopulation showed the proliferation of B lymphocytes. A combination of chronic lymphoid leukemia and multiple myeloma is exceptional. The physiopathological interpretation (mono or biclonal proliferation) is discussed in the light of current nosological conceptions concerning lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 815998 TI - A simple amidolytic method for the determination of functional active antithrombin III. AB - A simple amidolytic method for the determination of the concentration of functionally active antithrombin III is described. Plasma is diluted with buffer containing EDTA and Polybrene. In stage I, diluted plasma is incubated with thrombin. EDTA retards fibrin polymerization, and plasma fibrinogen does not influence the assay. Polybrene makes the assay result independent of heparin. In stage II, remaining thrombin is determined with the chromogenic substrate benzoyl Phe-Arg-p-NA. The method is simpler and has a higher accuracy than clotting methods. There is a close correlation between the results obtained with this assay and with immunoassay of antithrombin III. PMID- 815999 TI - Surgical treatment of clinodactyly caused by longitudinally bracketed diaphysis ("delta phalanx"). AB - Clinodactyly in 10 fingers (9 patients) with longitudinally bracketed diaphysis (LBD) was treated surgically with various methods. In 4 cases with LBD in the middle phalanx of a triphalangeal thumb this phalanx was removed and the ligaments reconstructed. In the other 6 digits the LBD was in the base phalanx of a thumb or in the middle phalanx of some other digit. One of these was treated in infancy with transverse resection of the bracket. In 3 cases (4 digits) wedge osteotomy with reversal of the wedge was carried out. In the remaining case simple osteotomy was performed and a wedge-shaped bonegraft was interposed in the space created. Treatment in the last-mentioned case was unsuccessful because postoperatively the graft slipped out of position, but in all other cases the results achieved appear satisfactory. PMID- 816000 TI - Measurement of DNA/anti-DNA complexes. PMID- 816001 TI - Retardation of ossification of the lumbar vertebral column in ankylosing spondylitis by means of phenylbutazone. AB - Does phenylbutazone exert an inhibitory influence on the progression of ossification of the lumbar vertebral column? In a retrospective study of 40 definite cases of ankylosing spondylitis the case histories were divided into periods demarcated by the radiological examinations. An adequately exact method was used for quantitative assessment of ossification. The periods were divided into three groups: (A) continuous phenylbutazone medication; (B) phenylbutazone medication, but not throughout the period; (C) no phenylbutazone medication. Rapid progression of ossification had occurred in group C. In group A, ossification had either remained absent or, if already in progress, had been arrested or substantially delayed. In early or relatively early stages of ankylosing spondylitis, continuous phenylbutazone medication can completely or largely control ossification of the vertebral column. Possibilities of further improvement of this therapy are discussed. PMID- 816002 TI - Periarticular new bone formation in patients suffering from severe head injuries. AB - A total of 35 cases of periarticular new bone formation (PNBF) was observed among 160 patients with coma following severe craniocerebral trauma. All cases were associated with blunt trauma and none with penetrating wounds. Only 6 of 500 cases of acute non-traumatic hemiplegia developed PNBR, and all 6 of them followed craniotomy, brain surgery and coma. New bone formation first appeared mainly between 50 and 120 days after craniocerebral injury with prolonged coma. Three-quarters of the patients with PNBF showed involvement of the shoulder joint, but this was not associated with previous subluxation. Metabolic studies were done in some patients; no disturbances were found in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus or alkaline phosphatase. The pathologic process of PNBF seemed to stabilize some 6 to 8 months following trauma, and surgery after this period produced functional improvement in the 3 patients in whom it was tried. No satisfactory pathophysiological explanation has been found for the phenomenon of PNBR. Prolonged coma is common to all patients who suffered from PNBF and is probably an etiologic factor. The absence of PNBF in cases of cerebrovascular accident with subluxations of the gleno-humeral joint and intensive physiotherapy seems to contradict the suggestion of microtrauma as an etiological factor. PMID- 816003 TI - Specific acquired resistance and activity of migration inhibition factor (MIF) in spleens of mice with chronic tuberculosis. AB - The antimycobacterial resistance of the host (as evaluated by mycobacterial counts in spleens) and the in vitro cell-mediated immunological mechanisms ((cellular immune reactivity) assayed by the activity of migration inhibition factor in splenic fragments) were compared in the course of experimental chronic tuberculosis infection. Mice, either unvaccinated or vaccinated with killed mycobacteria suspended in saline and then either untreated or treated with azathioprine, were used in the study. The treatment with azathioprine caused a relative depression of specific resistance accompanied by less pronounced inhibition of migration in vitro. Although a higher level of specific resistance was detected in mice vaccinated with non-living vaccine, no enhancement of cellular reactivity in vitro could be estimated in the splenic cells of these animlas. The participation of humoral mechanisms in mice vaccinated with the non living vaccine plausibly explains the discrepancy. The results indicate furthermore, that the migration inhibition test reflects delayed hypersensitivity rather than other components of cellular immune reactivity. PMID- 816004 TI - The management of epilepsy. PMID- 816005 TI - Anatomical study of cerebral asymmetry in the temporal lobe of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys. AB - It is generally accepted that anatomical asymmetries in the temporal lobe language region of humans are associated with the asymmetrical representation of language function in the left hemisphere. Comparative measurements were taken of the length of the left and right Sylvian fissures of human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey brains. Measurements confirmed the findings of other studies that the human Sylvian fissure is longer on the left than on the right. The chimpanzee brains had a similar asymmetry but to a lesser degree than the human brains. The rhesus brains, however, showed no significant differences between left and right fissure lengths. PMID- 816006 TI - X- and Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). PMID- 816008 TI - Digenetic trematodes from rats, squirrels and tree shrews in Malaysia. AB - Neodiplostomum (Conodiplostomum) Brachylaima, Ectosiphonus and Euparadistomum are reported for the first time from small mammals in Malaysia. New host and locality records are given for Echinostoma, Achillurbainia, Beaveria, Odeningotrema, Leipertrema, Athesmia, Skrjabinus and Zonorchis. Possible-life-cycles of the parasites are discussed in relation to the ecology and feeding habits of the hosts. PMID- 816007 TI - Dengue virus replication in cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes during the course of dengue haemorrhagic fever. AB - A preliminary study was made of the ability of cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) to support dengue 2 infection. Leukocyte donors, children hospitalized with primary (one case) or secondary dengue infections (12 cases), were studied during the acute and convalescent stages of illness. D2 virus replication occurred infrequently in PBL cultures obtained from children before the 10th day after onset of symptoms (2/23 samples), but frequently thereafter (8/13 samples). The absence of virus permissive cells during the acute stage of illness might be explained by several different mechanisms, including the possibility that permissive PBL are exhausted as the result of a severe dengue infection. An unexpected finding was the appearance of dengue hemagglutination inhibition antibodies in cultures of PBL obtained from children during the acute stage of secondary dengue infections. PMID- 816009 TI - Sarcocystis infection in an Orang Asli: the second human case from Malaysia. AB - The second case of Sarcocystis infection in man is reported from an aborigine girl. It was an incidental finding at autopsy and two cysts were seen in the muscle of the oropharyngeal region. The cysts and zoites were similar to those in the previous case reported from Malaysia. PMID- 816010 TI - [Methods of measuring economic effectiveness in public health and some results of their use in the USSR]. PMID- 816011 TI - [Use of hemagglutination reaction for isolation of Australia antigen in the blood serum of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 816012 TI - [Certain information on postbulbar ulcers]. PMID- 816013 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative properties of albumin in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 816014 TI - Letter: Insulin dosage for diabetic keto-acidosis in children. PMID- 816016 TI - Letter: Screening procedures and the early detection of breast cancers. PMID- 816015 TI - Complications of nasojejunal tube feeding. AB - The frequency and duration of complications were compared in premature babies fed by nasojejunal and nasogastric tubes. Some factors may have weighted the results against the nasojejunal tube-fed group, but this study failed to demonstrate differences in the rate and duration of complications. PMID- 816017 TI - [Laboratory standardization and quality control in anticoagulant therapy]. AB - Standardisation and quality control are now available for the laboratory tests which are needed to control the blood levels of anticoagulants. The most important cause for variation in results between different laboratories is the use of different types of thromboplastin. The British standards are based on the use of a national reagent with a national system of reporting supported by quality control with lyophilised plasma and thromboplastin preparations. It offers a model which has been adopted at Tygerberg Hospital, and could be used to standardise anticoagulant therapy in this country. Human brain thromboplastin is preferred to the commercially available rabbit preparations. For the first time, as far as we know, a phenol-saline extract of baboon brain thromboplastin was examined. Preliminary results indicate that it compares well with human brain extracts. PMID- 816018 TI - Accelerated healing in infected wounds. AB - The effect of a standardized infection of pure and mixed cultures of gram negative bacteria and a gram-positive coccus was studied in laparotomy wounds of rats. The infections were significantly stronger than in the control group wounds in 14 of 15 comparisons. This increased strength could not be correlated with an increased wound content of collagen. Results of histologic studies showed a vigorous inflammatory response which probably was responsible for the increased strength. There was a suggestion in our data to support the concept that certain bacteria evoke the proper inflammatory response to result in stronger wounds, while others provoke too little or too much inflammation. PMID- 816020 TI - The effects ot total parenteral nutrition upon serum lipid levels. AB - Changes in the serum lipid profiles of 22 patients undergoing total parenteral nutritional therapy were studied to evaluate the effects of an intravenously administered high protein, high carbohydrate diet on serum lipid levels. During this zero fat regimen, no instances of hypertriglyceridemia occurred, and serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly. Both these findings may be ascribed to the metabolic quiescence of the intestinal mucosa which occurs during intestinal rest afforded by total parenteral nutritional therapy. Thus, total parenteral nutrional therapy may possess significant therapeutic importance in the treatment of disordered fat metabolism, as well as inflammatory processes which may be accompanied by such lipid abnormalities. PMID- 816019 TI - Zinc sulfadiazine for topical therapy of pseudomonas infection in burns. AB - Zinc sulfadiazine is a new compound which is effective in vitro and in vivo against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in burned mice and rats. It contains an important body constituent, zinc, and appears to expedite wound healing, diminish weight loss after infected burns and improve food intake. Like silver sulfadiazine, it prevents the postburn changes in plasma proteins. After topical application, the uptake of the radioactively labeled zinc is significant in the zone of injury and negligible in organs and body fluids. The binding to deoxyribonucleic acid by zinc is similar to, but less than, that by silver. The data indicate that zinc sulfadiazine may be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the control of burn wound sepsis. PMID- 816022 TI - Further studies on histamine in spinal cord injury and post traumatic hyperemia. AB - Using the hydrogen clearance method, focal spinal cord blood flow was measured in the lateral funiculus of Rhesus monkeys traumatized with a 600 gm cm injury to T10, pretreated with either chlorpheniramine or metiamide. The blood flow in the chlropheniramine treated animals either rose slightly or remained in the normal range. That in the metiamide treated animals remained in the normal range at all times in all animals. On the basis of these results we can further define the previously observed post traumatic lateral white matter hyperemia as mainly an H2 histamine related phenomenon. PMID- 816024 TI - Editorial: The United States must do better. PMID- 816021 TI - Lactic acidosis. AB - Many assumptions and compromises must be made in order to establish blood lactate as a reliable parameter of tissue oxygenation. One must think not only of reactions and cells as having oxidation-reduction potentials, but the concept of the redox potential of tissues, organs and even whole patients becomes applicable. Blood lactate concentrations probably are not an accurate measure of intracellular lactate. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the intracellular lactic acid dehydrogenase system cannot be assumed and, in fact, is probably not compatible with life. Clinically, however, the lactate-pyruvate system appears to establish a dynamic equilibrium that is responsive both to oxygen supply and substrate pyruvate availability. The diagnostic and prognostic values of blood lactate with both a stable and increased lactate to pyruvate ratio have been established empirically by numerous investigators. If evaluated within the constraints of available knowledge, blood lactate concentration is a valuable indicator of tissue perfusion and an effective surgical tool. PMID- 816023 TI - A clinical and experimental study of meglumine iocarmate in the subarachnoid space: a complication of positive contrast ventriculography. AB - Meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X) may be accidentally put into the subarachnoid space because of suboptimal technique during ventriculography. This may cause status epilepticus. Two cases of this complication are reported. It is emphasized that this should be avoided. Treatment is mentioned briefly. PMID- 816025 TI - The effects of semistarvation and parenteral nutrition on the gastric mucosa of rats. AB - The effects of semistarvation and parenteral nutrition on the gastric mucosa were studied in 24 Wistar rats (250 to 350 grams). The animals were divided into three dietary regimens: Group I-standard rat chow ad libitum; Group II-50 cc. per day of a hyperalimentation solution containing 30% glucose + 5% amino acids; Group III-50 cc. per day of 5% glucose. The animals were fed for a period of 7 days. Gastric mucosal fluxes of Na+, Li+, and H+ then were measured after the gastric instillation of two gastric wash solutions, one primarily an HC1 solution, the other a solution of HC1 plus sodium taurocholate. Gross examination of the gastric mucosal surfaces were recorded. Compared to Group I (oral diet), Groups II and III demonstrated a decrease in volume in gastric secretion during the test period (p less than 0.005); and an increase in net negative hydrogen flux (p less than 0.005). Compared to Group II (hyperalimented), Group III (semistarved) demonstrated an increased net negative H+ flux (p less than 0.01), but no difference in volume of secretion. Only Group III demonstrated a difference in H+ flux after the addition of sodium taurocholate (p less than 0.05). Gastric lesions were significantly increased in Group III, as compared to Groups I and II. Semistarvation renders the gastric mucosa of the rat more susceptible to injury. Adequate intravenous nutrition alone protected against these effects. PMID- 816026 TI - Species differences in insulin secretory responses during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Insulin secretory rates (ISR) during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT's) were measured in six dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock and were compared to ISR's from five monkeys subjected to shock of comparable severity. ISR's also were measured in normotensive control dogs and monkeys subjected to the same blood sampling protocol. A sixfold increase in ISR occurred in shocked dogs after glucose loading; however, no ISR response occurred in monkeys subjected to hemorrhage. It is concluded that marked species differences exist in the insulin-glucose metabolic responses to shock. In addition, the dog would appear to be an inappropriate experimental animal as applied to trauma-insulin metabolism in man. PMID- 816027 TI - [Editorial: An old hospital in Copenhagen]. PMID- 816028 TI - Miliary tuberculosis following homograft valve replacement. AB - Postoperative septicaemia with infective endocarditis is a recognized complication of open-heart surgery, in particular homograft or prosthetic replacement of cardiac valves. Several infective organisms, both bacterial and fungal, have been incriminated but infection due to tubercle bacilli has not, to our knowledge, been reported. The clinicopathological features of this condition are discussed. During a five-year period, over 800 homograft replacements in the aortic and/or mitral positions have been performed at Harefield Hospital. Seven cases of miliary tuberculosis following homograft valve replacement are descrbied here. In three, there was a past history suggestive of tuberculosis infections but necropsy failed to reveal any caseous or other tuberculous lesion apart from recent miliary tuberculosis. Vegetations on the homograft valves contained microcolonies of acid-fast bacilli in most cases. Tubercle bacilli of the human type were recovered by culture or guinea-pig inoculation in six of the seven cases, and in three the diagnosis was established during life; two of these survived on antituberculosis chemotherapy. The onset of symptoms varied from a few weeks to 12 months after operation. The main presenting symptom was intermittent pyrexia. In two patients the diagnosis was made on radiological and clinical grounds and in both, tubercle bacilli were grown from drill biopsy specimens of lung tissue. The source of infection was presumed to be the homograft valves contaminated in the postmorten room. The antibiotic mixture used in the sterilization of the homografts was not effective against tubercle bacilli. PMID- 816029 TI - [Determination of the monkey Macaca of pentazocine tolerance and research using the nalorphine test, on the physical dependence it can induce]. PMID- 816030 TI - [Long term care during the 5th term]. PMID- 816031 TI - [Letter: Heterotopic ossification]. PMID- 816032 TI - [Soft tissue ossifications as a complication of paralysis caused by subarachnoid hemorrhages]. PMID- 816033 TI - [Heterotopic ossification in surgical scars]. PMID- 816034 TI - [Tacitin. An alternative to benzodiazepin]. PMID- 816035 TI - [Letter: Toxic effect of acidic amino acids]. PMID- 816036 TI - [Intravenous hyperalimentation; most frequently occuring indications in adults and their problems]. PMID- 816037 TI - [The nursing home as a long term care institute. Thinking aloud on nursing home care]. PMID- 816038 TI - Dose-response data for toxiferine dichloride in monkeys and guinea pigs. PMID- 816039 TI - Prevention of promethazine-induced gastric ulcers in guinea pigs with disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 816040 TI - [Load to the lung and spinal cord in the treatment of exophageal carcinoma using telecentric-excentric pendulous 42 MeV betatron irradiation]. AB - Based on measurements with the Alderson phantom as well as on computerized calculations derived from these measurements, a comparison is made between the loads to the lung and spinal cord during irradiation of the esophageal carcinoma by pendulous or fixed fields using photons with an energy of 42 MeV from a 42-MeV betatron. The optimal dose distribution according to the isodose patterns presented is obtained by means of a combined irradiation technique using ventral fixed fields and telecentric-excentric pendulous irradiation under consideration of equal shares for the focal dose. This method is more appropriate than the other radiation techniques considered for saving the sound tissues concerned i.e. lung and spinal cord and nevertheless administering the necessary cancerocid dose to the tumor and the regionary lymph nodes. PMID- 816041 TI - [New standards of radiation protection for the use of electron accelerators. Comments on the suggested norms DIN 6847, part 1 and part 2]. PMID- 816042 TI - Some components of the kinin system in Cohn's unheated human plasma proteins. AB - The presence of a kininase and a kininogenase was demonstrated in unheated human plasma proteins. The kininase was found to inactivate synthetic bradykinin and a kinin-like substance released from a kininogen-like material in unheated plasma proteins by human urinary kallikrein. It was heat-labile and inhibited by EDTA, HgCl2 and 1,10-phenanthroline. This enzyme was estimated to be kininase I from its inhibition pattern. Inactivation of the kininase revealed the presence of a kininogenase. Five per cent heat-treated human plasma protein solution has been demonstrated to have no kininase activity but to contain the kinin-like substance. A mechanism for the formation of the kinin-like substance in 5 per cent heat-treated plasma protein solution was discussed in terms of these kinin forming components present in the unheated plasma proteins. PMID- 816043 TI - [Changes in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of rat liver after introduction of thiophosphamide]. AB - Oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver mitochondria was studied as affected thiophosphamide 1, 6 and 24 h 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after administration of the chemopreparation. Considerable changes were found in oxidative phosphorylation. The degree of disturbances is different depending on the period which passed after radiomemetics administration. During the first hours and days oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited more and more, reaching the maximum three days later. In subsequent periods of the studies a gradual restoration of this bioenergetic index is observed. When oxidizing alpha-ketoglutarate by mitochondria the inhibition of respiration and phosphorylation is more profound than in case with succinate oxidation. PMID- 816044 TI - [Insulin adsorption to infusion materials]. PMID- 816045 TI - [Editorial: Hypertension screening--costs and profit]. PMID- 816046 TI - [An informative campaign concerning the significance of the blood pressure and 30,000 blood pressure measurements during Danish Heart Week in 1975]. PMID- 816048 TI - Letter: Measles in monkeys. PMID- 816047 TI - [The application of Actihaemyl in chronically inflamed and dystrophic urinary bladder (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of automated continuous irrigation treatment with Actihaemyl on bacterial growth in the infected urinary bladder was tested using an experimental model. The result was that instillation alone of this preparation promoted growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the infected bladder. With simultaneous application of Framycetinsulfate or Kanamycin the growth of Pr. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa was totally suppressed in the "urine", and the growth of E. coli extensively low. At the same time there was a clear reduction in the bacterial count in the coagulum that served as a substitute bladder wall. Thus a urinary tract infection is a contraindication for local treatment with Actihaemyl of a tropically disturbed urinary bladder inasmuch as an effective antibiotic is not added to the instillate. With the latter combination, however, a therapeutic trial is justified in chronic, inflammatory, dystrophic bladders. PMID- 816050 TI - [Diffusion precipitation reaction in infectious anemia of horses]. PMID- 816049 TI - Practical application of bovine tuberculin PPD in testing cattle in Great Britain. AB - A national tuberculin testing trial was carried out in 8151 cattle in 132 herds due for normal herd testing and distributed throughout the 11 animal health administrative regions of England, Scotland and Wales. The numbers selected from each region were in approximately equal proportions to the total cattle populations of the regions and comprised a representative sample of the national herd. The standard intradermal comparative tuberculin test using Weybridge avian and human purified protein derivatives (PPD) was carried out on one side of the neck, and Rotterdam bovine PPD (1 X 0 mg per ml) was injected on the opposite side in the usual 'mammalian' site. Of the cattle tested, 9 X 4 per cent were classified as positive reactors to a single intradermal injection of the bovine tuberculin applying the official EEC interpretation for tuberculin tests. A single intradermal injection of human PPD would have resulted in a significantly higher proportion (10 X 4 per cent) of cattle being designated for removal. The rules of interpretation developed by Lesslie and Hebert (1975) for a comparative tuberculin test using avian and bovine PPDs, when applied to this sample, classified 0 X 80 per cent as inconclusive reactors compared with 0 X 58 per cent for the avian/human comparative test. The avian/bovine test also classified as positive reactors 0 X 12 per cent of the cattle tested, whilst the avian/human test classified as positive 0 X 05 per cent of cattle in routine herd tests during the three-year period 1972 to 1974. PMID- 816052 TI - [Bacteriological and pathohistological studies of sheep experimentally infected with Listeria]. AB - A total of forty gimmers (eight of which spleen-ectomized) were i/v, orally, intratracheally, and along the branching of n. infraorbitalis infected with a 24 hour broth culture of Listeria monocytogenes. The meningoencephalite form of listeriosis was induced in two of the animals infected intraveneously, in one animal of those infected orally, and in one of those infected in the branching of nervus infraorbitalis. The most typical microscopic changes were established in the case of infection through the veins and the nerves. It was concluded that these were probably the most often occurring ways of infection and dissemination of Listeria. However, the resistance of the host organism, the number of bacteria, and the virulence were also of interest. Toxic injury of the brain and the viscera of all infected sheep were also found. PMID- 816051 TI - [Normal status of Bac. cereus and Cl. perfringens in the body of healthy slaughter animals]. AB - Studied were cattle, pigs, sheep, and young calves intended for slaughter. The experiments were carried out under productional conditions, strictly observing the routinely adopted practice of preslaughter handling. The blood of the animals was sampled prior to slaughter. Samples from the meat (musculature), spleen, kidneys, liver, mesenterial and body lymph nodes as well as feces were taken immediately after slaughter. It was established that Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens were almost lacking in the musculature, mesenterial and body lymph nodes and in some of the parenchymal organs. These organisms were chiefly found in the intestinal tract. Eighty-three up to 100 per cent of the isolated cultures of Cl. perfringens and from 62.5 up to 100 per cent of the isolated cultures of Bac. cereus originated from the feces. PMID- 816053 TI - [Study of one enzootic of viral diarrhea in calves]. AB - Described is the course of a virus diarrhea in calves aged from 40 up to 180 days, the morbidity rate reaching 50 per cent and the mortality rate--28 per cent. The morphologic survey established erosions and inflammatory lesions in the mouth, abomasum, rumen, and intestines. Histologically, there was balooning degeneration of the cells involved as well as karyopycnosis. Virus strains were isolated from the spleen of diseased calves. They were identified as the causative agent of the virus diarrhea-mucosal disease complex. It was found through immunodiffusion that a specific viral antigen exists in the involved mucous membranes of the intestinal tract. The live vaccine was found to be promising of the immunoprophylactic means tested. PMID- 816054 TI - [Paralytic and postoperative ileus (author's transl)]. AB - Paralytic ileus is always a reaction of the organism to a disturbance usually due to metabolism. A treatment without elimination of the eliciting cause seems, therefore, to have little point. The efficacy of many substances given to stimulate peristalsis has not been proved. Drawing off the contents of the stomach and controlled infusion therapy, on the other hand, are important parts of the treatment, as for mechanical ileus. For the surgical emptying of the intestine, the most suitable procedure is retrograde squeezing of the intestinal contents to the stomach and aspiration through a nasal sound. Enterotomies should be avoided if at all possible. Surgical intervention for paralytic ileus is most frequently necessary in the postoperative phase, usually caused by a peritonitis with or without anastomotic failure. Differentiation from mechanical obstruction is not always possible. In the Erlangen Hospital, 233 patients were treated for postoperative ileus from 1965 to 1974. All patients with a mechanical ileus were operated on, the mortality was 17%. Of 123 patients with a paralytic ileus, 82 were operated on and 45 died. The mortality was almost equally high in patients not operated on. PMID- 816055 TI - Is the Gardner syndrome a separate disease? (author's transl). AB - A family, the members of which suffer from "Gardner's syndrome" is reported. In this family, and also in another family which is being treated in our clinic with a diagnosis of "familial polyposis of the large intestine", bronchiectasis appears with a frequency more than can be attributed to chance. Our observations suggest the following conclusions: 1. Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis of the large intestine are diseases which cannot be strictly separated from each other, but the isolated intestinal polyposis is a monosymptomatic form of Gardner's syndrome. 2. Bronchiectasis can be considered a further symptom of this disease caused by a pleiotropic effect of a gene. PMID- 816056 TI - [Documentation in the hospital--methods and types of system (author's transl)]. AB - Types of system and methods of documentation in clinic or hospital must be directed towards the object of the documentation: indexing or search documentation, informative or data documentation. Furthermore, a careful selection of the facts to be documented must be established, because a "complete clinical documentation" is unrealistic. Subtle knowledge of the methods of translation of medical facts into code numbers (coding techniques) is inevitable. Examples show how a very comprehensive data collection can be achieved in a short time from the documentation of only a few facts. Currently acquired data must be fed immediately for evaluation. The fact is criticized that some research promoters, when giving financial assistance for the installation of a data bank, shy away from providing the means for computer evaluation. In this way, useless "electronic data cemeteries" are produced. Consequently the demand, not only for the installation of data banks, but also to provide for their evaluation is deduced. PMID- 816057 TI - An electron microscopic study of plasmatic arterionecrosis in the human cerebral arteries. AB - An electron microscopic study of the intracerebral arteries from 9 hypertensive cases was performed in order to elucidate the morphogenesis of the plasmatic arterionecrosis which was considered to be the direct cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. In the preceding stage of the arterial lesions, marked necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells and increase of basement membrane-like substance in the intima and media were observed. The lumina of these arteries were slightly dilated. The dilatation and hemodynamic factors were supposed to cause endothelial injury resulting in blood plasma insudation into the intima through the opened spaces between endothelial cells. The insudated blood plasma dispersed and dissolved the basement membrane-like substance, collagen and elastic fibers in the arterial wall, leading to the development of the plasmatic arterionecrosis. PMID- 816058 TI - Foamy changes of placental cells in fetal storage disorders. AB - Vacuolar cytoplasm in placental cells was observed in four cases. In each instance the baby was either stillborn or died soon after birth. One infant was shown to have Inclusion cell disease (Mucolipidosis II), whereas in the other cases biochemical studies were noncontributory or could not be carried out. The histologic changes of the placenta described in this report were restricted to the fetal elements and also included the X cells, providing further evidence that these cells are of fetal rather than maternal origin. PMID- 816059 TI - [The histogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: a histochemical and electronmicroscopical study (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Histologically, Morbus Kaposi is primarily characterized by a proliferation of streams composed of spindle-shaped cells, by vascular slits lined by cells, and by a minor cellular inflammatory reaction. 2. The cells lining the vascular slits resemble endothelial cells and exhibit strong alkaline phosphatase activity and a clear leucinaminopeptidase activity. They contain Weibel-Palade bodies. 3. The ultrastructural analysis of the tumor cells shows a proliferative formation resembling capillary sprouts with and without lumina. The lumina are composed primarily of poorly differentiated endothelial cells. A second typical cellular component are fibroblast-like tumor cells possibly derived from perithelial cells. 4. Indicative of M.K. are also extravasation and phagocytosis of erythrocytes with intracytoplasmic decomposition, and storage of myelinlike structures somewhat resembling Schwannian-cells. 5. CONCLUSION: M.K. is characterized by a multifocal neoplasia of capillary like structures and by a progressive sarcomatous development. PMID- 816060 TI - [The effect of long-term calcitonin administration on bone cells and bone mineralization in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of calcitonin on bone tissue was studied in rat cortical and trabecular bone after long-term treatment. The aim of this study was to get exact data on calcitonin action on bone tissue by histomorphometry. Histomorphometric analysis of bone alterations was performed using undecalcified longitudinal as well as grounded cross sections of the tibial metaphysis and diaphysis. In agreement with other authors our experimental results show that calcitonin inhibits clasts but by a reduced cellular resorption activity of osteoclasts. Bone formation is not affected by calcitonin in intact as well as in parathyroidectomized animals. On the contrary bone mineralization is clearly improved under calcitonin administration in parathyroidectomized rats. This favourable effect is probably caused by a direct hormonal influence on calcium transport in the osteoblast. PMID- 816061 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of thyroid, tongue and eyelid lesions in the neuroma phenotype of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: association of amyloid with fibroblasts in thyroid tumor and in mucosal neuromas. AB - Electron-microscopic and histochemical studies of thyroid tumor, tongue neuromas and eyelid neuromas from the lesions of a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma were compared. In the thyroid tumor, a significant number of the C cells showed heterogeneity of granule types; no C cells, however, were identified in the tongue and eyelid neuromas. Amyloid was clearly shown by Congo red staining in the thyroid neoplasm and in the tongue neuromas. In all tissues, amyloid fibrils were found to be ultrastructurally closely associated with fibroblasts. These fingings suggest that the fibroblast rather than the C cell may have played the important role in the deposition of amyloid in this patient's thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 816062 TI - [Fibrin clots in placental vessels in intrauterine shock (author's transl)]. AB - In 56 placentas there were fibrin clots in the vessels of the chorionic plate and the stem villi. Fifty infants survived. The fibrin clots in the relatively large placental vessels are considered to be the result of intrauterine shock. A similar pathogenetic concept is postulated as in the well-known diseminated fibrin thromboembolism which is evident in the visceral organs of children who died in the perinatal period. This identification of these fibrin clots in the vessels of the stem villi, especially in cases of so-called risk deliveries, allows the risk for newborn to be determined during their first days of life (hyaline-membrane disease, hemorrhagic diathesis, etc.). One can testify the intrauterine shock by these findings, even in newborn who survive the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 816063 TI - Measuring glomerular diameters in tissue sections. AB - In some kidney diseases it is important to know the diameters of the glomeruli. If only tissue sections are available, glomeruli are cut at different levels, and direct estimation of the real diameter is impossible. A variant of Hening's method is presented which allows calculation of the real glomerular diameters, and frequency distribution of the diameters in the glomerular population. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated. PMID- 816064 TI - Microcirculatory changes following early reperfusion in experimental myocardial infarction. AB - 69 rats underwent temporary or permanent ligation of the left coronary artery and were studied by the injection of colloidal carbon following fixation-perfusion. 10 rats were using the same protocol and served as controls. Localized myocardial ischemia was accompanied by microvascular changes which produced capillary obstruction when blood flow was reestablished. This phenomenon of "no-reflow" was characterized by the presence of large non perfused areas seen after brief periods of ischemia (15 min). These areas were increased when the period of ischemia was lengthened. After 30 to 60 min of interruption of blood flow the non perfused area extended over the major portion of the ischemic area. During reperfusion the "no-reflow" phenomenon displayed during the first hour showing a transitory improvement in capillary perfusion which was soon followed by a progressive reexpansion of the non injected zones. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the latter zones were identical in their extent to those cases showing tissue necrosis following permanent ischemia. This "no-reflow" phenomenon appears to play a role in the evolution of the reperfused ischemic area by excluding certain areas from the benefits of reperfusion. The most probable factors involved in this process are: increased blood viscosity, endothelial changes peri-capillary edema and the contractile state of the myocardium. The incidence of these microvascular changes, using various methods of myocardial preservation during open heart surgery operations, as well as the present attempts directed towards metabolic therapy of myocardial anoxia, are under investigation. PMID- 816065 TI - [Mineral content and morphology of heart muscle in different causes of death (author's transl)]. AB - Mineral and water content of the right and left heart muscle were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 93 autopsy cases. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium concentrations were measured after acid digestion of tissues. Marked differences of the element distribution of both ventricles are seen constantly, although a significant correlation between water content and sodium as well as potassium and magnesium concentrations in both ventricles in seen. Comparing multiple causes of death (cardiac and non-cardiac) there are no differences in the postmortem mineral contents of heart muscle. Age-dependent correlations of mineral concentrations (as seen by Burger, 1960) were not detectable in this investigation. Postmortem mineral analyses of human heart muscles are excessively influenced by modern intensive care. Most of our cases had several causes of death, one of which was to be declared as the main cause of death in the necropsy record. Postmortem chemical mineral analysis of heart muscle can give an exact description of local variations and-in special cases signs of general disorders of mineral metabolism, which are not detected by exclusively histologic investigations. PMID- 816066 TI - Bone formation by cancer metastases: case report and review of literature. AB - The formation of heterotopic bone tissue in malignant tumors or in their metastases is extremely rare. In a 60 years old male patient with bronchogenic carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) extensive bone formation was observed within multiple metastases in the skeletal muscles. On the basis of the microscopic findings, the mechanism of bone formation by malignant tumors is discussed. Obviously, proliferation of local mesenchymal tissue and differentiation of mesenchymal cells to osteoblasts is induced by the tumor cells. PMID- 816067 TI - Electron microscope studies of experimental Entamoeba histolytica infection in the guinea pig. II. Early cellular and vascular changes accompanying invasion of the lamina propria. AB - Early cellular and vascular changes in response to invasion of lamina propria by Entamoeba histolytica were studied sequentially, at the ultrastructural level, in germfree guinea pigs inoculated intracecally with amebae and enteric flora derived from patients with acute amebic colitis. Approximately one week post inoculation the animals developed acute colitis with mucosal invasion by trophic amebae. Although epithelial cells at the sites of amebic invasion showed progressive cytoplasmic changes and desquamation resulting in microerosions, most mesenchymal elements in the lamina propria appeared normal without cytopathic changes even when in direct contact with invading amebae. Only the polymorpho nuclear leukocytes (PMN) apposed or topographically close to amebae exhibited degenerative changes which were characterized by condensation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, extra-cellular release of cytoplasmic components including granules, and, finally, lysis of cell membranes. Capillaries and venules in the lamina propria showed a variety of changes such as swelling and gap formation at the intercellular endothelial junctions and more rarely at the fenestrae. Blood vessels physically close to amebae showed formation of endothelial cytoplasmic blebs which pinched off into the vascular or extravascular space. Platelet and fibrin thromboses were common in the more severely damaged capillaries and venules. Fragments or clumps of fibrin-like material were found also in the extracellular spaces. Amebic invasion of the lamina propria, then, is accompanied by continued epithelial shedding, PMN degeneration, and changes in both capillaries and venules consisting of endothelial damage and occlusive thrombosis. The vascular changes appeared to be closely related to PMN degeneration resulting from interaction of PMN with invading amebae. PMID- 816068 TI - Toxic effects of ricin: studies on the pathogenesis of liver lesions. AB - Rats treated with ricin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, at the dose of 1 mug/100 g body weight, developed within 72 hours a severe liver necrosis. Protein synthesis was practically unchanged. The ultrastructural changes that ricin induces in rat liver were investigated. The earliest changes were observed in sinusoidal cells which were progressively damaged until they became necrotic. Only after the development of these lesions hepatocytes appeared to be damaged. The hypothesis is formulated that hepatocyte necrosis is a consequence of the disappearance of sinusoidal cells. This might explain why protein synthesis was unaffected in liver: since ricin exerted its toxic effect on the sinusoidal cells the inhibition was not detectable, these cells being "diluted" by the mass of parenchymal cells. Ricin at the dose of 10 mug/100 g body weight did not affect protein synthesis in the liver, but exerted a marked and precocious inhibition of protein synthesis in the spleen, which is very rich in reticuloendothelial cells. Moreover, a severe necrosis of the red pulp of the spleen was observed in rats poisoned with this dose of ricin. PMID- 816069 TI - Evolution of aurosomes in rabbit synovial membrane. AB - Intra-articular injection of sodium aurothiomalate (Myochrysine) into rabbit knee joints produced lysomes (aurosomes) of a characteristic morphology in synovial intimal cells and subsynovial macrophages. Such lysosomes are distinct and different from other lysosomes and those seen after injection of sodium thiomalate. A study of the morphological events that occur after injection of gold salt shows that at first the aurosome contains electrondense granules but later membranous formations (myelinoid membranes) presenting as rod-like and curled structures develop. With electron probe x-ray analysis, gold, phosphorus, and traces of calcium were detected in the aurosome. PMID- 816070 TI - The response of the mouse R-E system to infection with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Groups of mice were inoculated with strains of Toxoplasma gondii of either high or low virulence strains. The response of the lymph nodes, speen and thymus was studied histologically and antibodies were assessed by the dye-test technique. The low-virulence strain induced changes in all three organs indicative of an immunological response, both in respect of cellular and humoral immunity. The high-virulence strain produced rapid lymphoid depletion in lymph nodes, spleen and thymus with areas of necrosis. It is suggested that the high-virulence strain has a toxic effect on the Reticulo-Endothelial system allowing urestricted proliferation of the organism with eventual death. PMID- 816071 TI - Changes in size, DNA content, and nuclear ploidy of rat liver produced by the environmental microflora. AB - Effects of the environment microflora on rat liver were studied in the present investigation. Rats born under sterile conditions were bred either in a germfree or in a "SPF" environment. At 12 weeks of age the liver of the SPF rats was larger by 20% and contained more DNA than germfree rat liver. Volume analysis, by means of a particle counter, of isolated nuclei suggested that the increase of DNA was due to an increase of hepatic nuclear ploidy. The findings show that infections may influence liver size and ploidy. They indicate that the state of infection should be controlled in animal studies which concern the regulation of liver growth and ploidy or which use liver weight and DNA as reference standards. PMID- 816072 TI - Insulin secretion by isolated islets of alloxan diabetic rats. AB - Glucose-induced insulin secretion was studied in isolated pancreatic islets from one to twelve week alloxan diabetic rats is 1/4 to 1/7 that of the controls. Insulin secretion by alloxan diabetic rat islets progressively diminishes with time after alloxan injection. The individual isolated islet gives insulin secretion of 54%, 27%, 15% and 19% of the controls at one, two, four and twelve weeks respectively. The estimeated total insulin secretion by all of the isolated islets from each pancreas is 11.0%, 5.4%, 3.1% and 2.8% of the controls by the one, two, four and twelve week alloxan diabetic rats. These results indicate beta cell loss is progressive with time until four weeks after alloxan injection when glucose-induced insulin secretion is characterized by a flat hyporesponsive curve indcative of completely deficient insulin secretion. PMID- 816073 TI - Synthesis of the glomerular basement membrane in the rat kidney. Autoradiographic studies with the light and electron microscope. AB - To study the origin and the formation of the glomerular basement membrane, autoradiographic investigations with 3H-proline and 3H-leucine have been performed in ultrathin with semithin sections of the glomeruli of 42 male rats. The results of this study indicate that, of the three cell types of the glomerulus, the epithelial cells (=podocytes) synthesize the proline-rich scleroproteins of the glomerular basement membrane. Our autoradiographic studies have yielded no evidence for participation of the endothelial or mesangial cells in the formation of the basement membrane. The mesangial cells appear to be responsible for the synthesis of the mesangial matrix only. PMID- 816074 TI - The influence of thyroidectomy and of triiodothyronine administration on epithelial cell proliferation in the jejunum of rat. AB - Mitotic rates in epithelial cells lining the bases of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in rat jejunum were measured using a stathmokinetic technique. Two weeks after surgical thyroidectomy the mitotic rate in the jejunal crypt cells was significantly lower than that in control animals. During the four hour period immediately after injection of triiodothyronine into thyroidectomized rats the crypt cell mitotic rate was significantly higher than in control animals. PMID- 816075 TI - Motility of l5222 rat leukemia cells. AB - The locomotive behavior of cells of the transplantable rat leukemia L5222 was studied by means of microcinematography. It was found that these cells exhibit a homogeneous pattern of movement resembling that of normal lymphoblasts and stimulated lymphocytes. This is in contrast to cytochemical and ultrastructural evidence according to which the cells are completely undifferentiated. Another phenomenon, recorded by timelapse, is the ability of the cells to move in a spherical and in a flattened state. Treatment with cytochalasin B in a concentration of 30mug/ml leads to loss of locomotion. Incubation with colchicine, 40mug/ml, results in a greatly reduced locomotion, while the on-spot motility is not impaired. The suitability of this model for investigations on the role of locomotion in penetration and tumor cell dissemination is emphasized. PMID- 816076 TI - Ultrastructure of experimental xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AB - The ultrastructure of xanthogranulomas developing during obstructive suppurative pyelonephritis was studied in rats with a permanent ligature of one ureter and an intravenous injection of E. coli suspension. The xanthogranulomas consisted of macrophages with numberous phagolysosomes containing rests of phagocytosed polymorphonuclear leucocytes and bacteria. Lipids identifiable as triglycerides were found in such cells particularly as isolated intracytoplasmic droplets and, less frequently, within the phagolysosomes. The source of isolated intracytoplasmic lipid droplets within the macrophages has remained obscure. Their origin in the macrophages by synthesis could not be excluded, similarly as in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PAS positive cells occurring as late as 2 months after the beginning of the experiment at the periphery of xanthogranulomas contained multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, most probably phagolysosomes. These cells, with high probability the oldes ones of the macrophagic population in the xanthogranulomas were virtually devoid of lipid droplets. PMID- 816077 TI - Ultrastructure of primordial germ cells in human embryo. AB - Electron microscopic studies of the primordial germ cells were performed on 6 human embryos between 26 and 31 days post conceptionem. These cells were found in the intestitial tissue of the dorsal mesentery or in the genital ridge. They were round to spindle in shape and occasionally extended cytoplasmic processes. The round nucleus displayed centrally located prominent nucleoli and the cytoplasm contained abundant glycogen particles, mitochondria of vesicular type, bundles of tonofilaments and occasional lipid droplets. PMID- 816078 TI - Partial purification of the scrapie agent from mouse brain by pressure disruption and zonal centrifugation in sucrose-sodium chloride gradients. PMID- 816079 TI - Analysis of phi 29 and phi 15 genomes by bacterial restriction endonucleases, EcoR1 and Hpal. PMID- 816080 TI - A method for projecting retinal landmarks into visual space. PMID- 816081 TI - Test flash intensity and variability of fixation by the rhesus monkey. PMID- 816082 TI - Detection of image displacement by phasic cells in peripheral visual fields of the monkey. PMID- 816083 TI - Family out-of-pocket health expenses, United States - 1970. PMID- 816084 TI - [Certain indicators of immunologic reactivity in pregnant women with late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 816085 TI - [Clinical aspects of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 816087 TI - [Immunodepressive properties of viruses]. PMID- 816086 TI - [Human D(B) type virus: comparison of D(B) type virus antigens with antigens of oncornaviruses of different origins]. AB - It was found by the immunodiffusion test that the D(B) type virus isolated from human cell lines and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M--PMV) contained common group specific antigen(s). No cross-reaction was demonstrated between this D(B) type virus and C type oncornaviruses of various origins. PMID- 816088 TI - [Use of radial immunodiffusion for quantitative determination of antibody to ribonucleoprotein antigen of influenza virus]. AB - The possibility of quantitative determination of antibody to the inner type specific antigen of influenza A virus by means of radial immunodiffusion test by the method of Mancini was demonstrated. Development of a method for preparation of a concentrated antigen will make it possible to use the test in practical laboratories. By means of radial immunodiffusion test antibody in paired sera from convalescents, vaccinees as well as animals and birds may be determined. PMID- 816089 TI - [Chronic infection of VERO cell cultures with Japanese encephalitis virus. 2. Certain characteristics of variability of persistent viruses]. AB - Japanese encephalitis virus contained in the medium of chronically infected VERO K43 cell cultures was shown to be sensitive to the effect of RNA-ase, resistant to treatment with urea, to have no hemagglutinating activity. After 2 passages in suckling mouse brain the virus lost its sensitivity to RNA-ase, was inactivated by urea, and its hemagglutinating activity was restored. The importance of Japanese encephalitis virus variability in the mechanism of chronic infection of cell cultures is discussed. PMID- 816090 TI - [Intal in the treatment of asthma]. PMID- 816091 TI - [Brain damage and epilepsy in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Among the 1100 patients with convulsive disorders attending out-patient paediatric clinics of the Universities of Vienna and Graz, there are 14 cases of postnatal posttraumatic epilepsy. The characteristic features of this condition, as evidenced even by this small group of patients are focal epilepsy with focal paroxysms in the EEG, often combined with neurological defects and psychological abnormalities, but more seldom with defects of intelligence; resistance to anticonvulsive drugs is a frequent observation. In a retrospective study such as this, the criteria which could predict the development of epilepsy following posttraumatic brain damage are not sufficiently accurately definable; prospective serial studies on brain-damaged children would be of greater prognostic value. The following parameters seem to be important: the kind of brain damage, the duration of unconsciousness, the frequency of initial convulsive attacks and the persistance of the progression of the EEG changes. PMID- 816092 TI - [The effect of iodide on the TRH-induced release of HTSH, T4 and T3 in euthyroid subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Prolonged administration of 25 mg iodide per day to euthyroid subjects caused an increased release of HTSH in response to the i.v. administration of TRH. This effect was significant (p less than 0.01) intraindividually in eight out of nine subjects. The maximum serum HTSH level was observed twenty minutes after the administration of TRH. It reached 8.0 +/- 1.7 muU/ml during the control period and increased to 11.6 +/- 1.6 muU/ml after two weeks of 25 mg iodide per day. Basal serum concentrations of HTSH remained unchanged (p less than 0.05) and were 1.2 +/- 0.3 muU/ml before, and 1.7 +/- 0.3 muU/ml after iodide ingestion. Basal serum T4 concentrations and T4 release were diminished after prolonged administration of iodide in the nine subjects on the basis of an intraindividual comparison. Serum triiodothyronine showed a similar behavior as far as basal conditions were concerned, but no difference was observed for the peak levels of T3, which were obtained 2 to 3 h after injection of 400 mug TRH. The obtained data show that the prolonged ingestion of iodide induces a relatively hypothyroid state with an increased release of HTSH in response to the injection of TRH. This effect is paralleled by a decreased secretion of thyroxine and, to some extent, of triiodthyronine. The Wolff-Chaikoff effect, which is induced by the administration of excess iodide, appears to be the cause of the observed increase in TSH secretion upon TRH administration in iodide-treated subjects. PMID- 816093 TI - [Significance of blood-group serology for the newborn infant]. PMID- 816094 TI - [Recurring ileus in generalized diverticulosis of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 816095 TI - [Long-term therapy with benzbromarone in uric arthritis]. PMID- 816096 TI - [Ora-Gallin purum in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris]. PMID- 816097 TI - Evaluation of certain food additives. Some food colours, thickening agents, smoke condensates, and certain other substances. PMID- 816098 TI - [Iron oxidizing rod-shaped bacteria. I. Studies in media containing Fe (II)oxalate]. PMID- 816099 TI - Leukaemomycin, in antibiotic with antitumor activity. II. Isolation and identification. AB - A Streptomyces strain belonging to Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman et Henrici 1948 sensu Hutter (1967) was found to produce the red-pigment antibiotic leukaemomycin. The antitumor active antibiotic was isolated from the culture broth and purified by ion-exchange processes. The crude base of leukaemomycin mainly consists of 4 components with biological activity. The base-complex was separated by counter-current distribution into the biological active leukaemomycins B1, B2, C, and D. The single components of leukaemomycin were compared with the anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin, dihydrodaunomycin, and adriamycin. The analytical procedures allowed to state the identity of leukaemomycin B1 with rubomycin B, leukaemomycin C with daunomycin, leukaemomycin D with dihydrodaunomycin and allowed to suggest the identity of leukaemomycin B2 with daunosaminyldaunomycin. Formulas and physicochemical data are given. Bio assay methods are described to determine leukaemomycin B complex beside leukaemomycin C. PMID- 816101 TI - [Nursing care facing a dilemma: optimal medicine, maximal medicine]. PMID- 816100 TI - [The cytochemical behavior of PAH-stimulated lymphocytes]. AB - A comparison was made between the cytochemical behaviour of PAH stimulated lymphocytes and that of non-stimulated lymphocytes otherwise treated in the same way. Apart from non essential differences and the clear increase in size of the stimulated cells, there was no significant difference in the behaviour of stimulated and non-stimulated lymphocytes during the various reactions (non specific esterases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatases, naphtol ASD sodiumacetate-esterases, peroxydases leucine aminopeptidases, DOPA-reaction). There was no sign of lymphocytes being transformed into monocytes of fibroblasts. PMID- 816104 TI - [Theoretical prerequisites for rationalization of specific prophylaxis of infections]. PMID- 816103 TI - [Contribution to life-cycle of sarcosporidia in the Grant's gazelle]. AB - We have been able to observ macro- and microscopically sarcosporidial cysts in the muscles of a Grant's Gazelle. Dogs and cats fed with these cysts shed oocysts and sporocysts in their feces, indicating that they both are the final hosts of the Sarcosporidia in Grants' Gazelle. PMID- 816102 TI - [A contribution to the physiology of movement of gregarines: elements and modus of cellular movement (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Cytochalasin B (= CCB, Phomin) in several concentrations inhibits the visible movement of gregarines. The fine structure of the cell is simultaneously changed, fibrillar bundles are desorganized. These fibrils are regarded as myonemes. 2. These myonemes are directed peripherally of the cell longitudinal and transverse to its axis. The longitudinal myonemes are organized in separated strings stretching along the top of the epicyte folds, between the plasmalemm and the secondary membranous layer. Fibrils under this layer serve as skeleton and as thus antagonist. The skeleton fibrils remain unaltered after CCB inhibition. They are located in a parallel direction to the myonemes. Their number corresponds together in one epicyte fold. The transverse myonemata surround the central plasma nearby the basal lamella, which cannot be found in some of the regarded species. 3. The co-work of skeleton-fibrils, stiff pellicle and myonemes allows to describe the modus of all known types of movement. Only change of coordination yields the multitude of these kinds of movement. PMID- 816105 TI - [Culture method of study in the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 816106 TI - [Multiple normocholesteremic tuberous xanthoma in an infant]. PMID- 816107 TI - [A rare eye malformation in a CD rat]. PMID- 816108 TI - Pulsimetric analysis of the heart rhythm of restrained and unrestrained rhesus macaques. PMID- 816109 TI - Lipid composition of a nisin-producing strain of Streptococcus lactis. PMID- 816110 TI - [Studies on the growth requirements of enterococci (author's transl)]. AB - The growth requirements of biochemically defined strains of the enterococcus species Streptococcus faecium, S. faecalis, S. faecalis var. zymogenes and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens were compared. Arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, methionine and valine were essential and isoleucine, tryptophan, adenine and uracil were stimulatory to growth for all testes strains. Variation in the specific requirements occur for alanine, glycine, and serine representing strains differences. Threonine was essential for S. faecium strains but had no effect on the growth of strains of other species of enterococci. PMID- 816111 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the feces of healthy man (author's transl)]. AB - By means of a selective medium described for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes (nalidixic acid - trypaflavin - serum agar) 18 strains of Ps. aeruginosa have been obtained from the feces of 344 healthy adults (5.2%). PMID- 816112 TI - Presence of antibodies reacting with a ribonucleoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sera from leprous patients. AB - Antibodies reacting with a ribonucleoprotein isolated from M. tuberculosis could be found in sera of leprous patients (lepromatous type of disease). The antibody titers are very high. There is a highly significant difference between the titers of leprous patient and tuberculosis patients. This renders our finding important for diagnostic purpose. PMID- 816113 TI - Effect of nitrite and erythorbate on growth of Bacillus cereus in cooked sausage and in laboratory media. AB - Bacillus cereus spores were inoculated into sausage mass before cooking. The sausages were kept at 20 degrees C for 48 h before the bacteriological and physiochemical analyses were done. A combination of an addition of 200 mg/kg sodium nitrite and 500 mg/kh sodium erythorbate totally prevented the growth of two strains of B. cereus. Increasing the amount of erythorbate did not affect the antibacterial properties of the nitrite. The inhibitory effects of different combinations of the additives were also studied in laboratory media. Public health aspects of the use of nitrite and erythorbate as food-additives are discussed. PMID- 816114 TI - [Calcinosis in cattle in Austria. III. Experimental production of calcinosis in sheep and rabbits with green oats (Trisetum flavescens) from the pannonic climatic zone]. PMID- 816115 TI - [Histopathologic findings in the zinc deficiency syndrome and after eventual zinc repletion]. PMID- 816116 TI - Paravertebral anaesthesia in buffaloes. PMID- 816117 TI - [Active protection of mice against paratyphoid A and B using oral and subcutaneous immunization]. PMID- 816118 TI - [A comparative study of the toxicity of meningococcal strains and their antigens]. PMID- 816119 TI - [Nasopharyngeal microorganisms--antagonists of meningococci]. AB - A study was made of the species composition of symbiotic microbial flora of the nasopharynx in healthy persons and meningococcus carriers, inhibiting in vitro the growth of the test strains of miningococci. Saprophytic streptococci and particularly Str. salivarius served as the principal and the most active antagonists of meningococci in both groups of the persons examined. Comparison of the inhibitory activity of antagonists in the groups examined revealed no significant differences. However, there were seen differences in the quantitative composition of the isolated antagonists: saprophytic streptococci, particularly Str. salivarius were isolated in great amounts, and more frequently from healthy individuals, and nondifferentiated Gram positive cocci of conditionally distinguished group--from carriers. Taking into consideration the high inhibitory activity of Str. salivarius it is supposed that it can be used as an indicator of the state of insensitiveness of the human organism to the meningococcus infection. PMID- 816120 TI - [Assessment of the condition of the population of gonococcal cultures]. AB - Application of the method of oblique illumination permitted to reveal nonhomogeneousness of the cultures isolated from the patients with a different (acute and torpid) course of the disease. Passage of the freshly-isolated cultures on the nutrient media led to the appearance of mutants characterized by the fluorescence of the third type which also characterized all the 48 museum cultures stored for a long time on the nutrient media. The method suggested permits not only to evaluate the gonococcal cultures condition but also to carry out their directed selection. PMID- 816121 TI - [Tuberculocidal activity of lithium hydrochloride, the potassium salt of dichlorisocyanuric acid and sulfochloranthine]. PMID- 816122 TI - [New laboratory test for the study of post-vaccination immunity and evaluation of the protective capacity of intestinal typhus vaccines]. AB - Experiments were conducted on random-bred albino mice; the data of Dien et al on development of an infectious process in infection with a hybrid S. typhimurium strain No. 42 (with an antigenic structure of 0 divided by 9, 12; Vi; H: d; 1,2) were confirmed. Experiments of an active protection in infection with a hybrid S. typhimurium No. 42 strain permitted to investigate the intensity of antiinfectious immunity in mice. There were determined optimal conditions for laboratory experiments with a hybrid strain for assessment of the protective capacity of typhoid vaccines. In difference from experiments with S. typhi infection, under conditions of a model infection of mice, there was revealed a higher immunogenicity of an international reference-vaccine (L-WHO) in comparison with the antigen prepared by pancreatic digestion. PMID- 816123 TI - [Preparation and analysis of antiserum against light chains of human immunoglobulins]. AB - Antisera to kappa chains were obtained in rabbits and sheep by immunization with monoclonal IgG or Bence-Jones proteins of kappa type. Antisera to lambda chains were obtained only in rabbits by immunization by lambda Bence-Jones proteins, but not with monoclonal IgG; sheep failed to produce antibodies to lambda chains. Antisera were evaluated by immunoelectrophoresis using Bence-Jones proteins of the same type and myeloma serum with monoclonal IgG of the other type. Unabsorbed antisera revealed two bands in the myeloma serum, one of which was formed by the monoclonal IgG reacting with antibodies to the gamma chain, the other -- by normal IgG reacting with both antibodies to the gamma and to the light chains. After adsorbtion with the monoclonal IgG of the other type only the normal IgG band was revealed by antibodies to the light chain. Comparative immunochemical analysis of antisera obtained at various stages of immunization with monoclonal IgG or Bence-Jones proteins showed that in the kappa chains the most antigenic were surface (accessable) determinants and in the lambda chains -- nonaccessable determinants. PMID- 816125 TI - [The place of modern nutritional techniques in the treatment of digestive fistulae (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six patients with a digestive fistula have received a parenteral or enteral nutrition consisting of an elemental diet. They are separated into 2 groups according to good or bad vital prognosis of the desease treated conventionally. In 13 of the 18 patients with a poor prognosis, the nutritional techniques were started early: twelve were rapidly cured. In 5 patients of this group nutrition was started late, after one or many surgical failures and an important deterioration of the general status: only 2 were cured. These results agree with those of the literature; they show the advantages of the systematic use of these special types of nutrition in cases of digestive fistula and the importance of early use of these new methods. PMID- 816124 TI - [Use of protective anthrax antigen in agglutination reactions]. AB - The latex- and hemagglutination tests were applied to determination of the titres of anthrax antibodies in the sera of 982 immunized sheep. Monodispersive standard colur latex of polymethylmetacrylate and protective anthrax antigen was used in these tests. On the basis of the results of titration of control sera titres of anthrax antibodies over 1:16 in the latex- and hemagglutination tests were accepted as positive. There was revealed no difference between the sera of the immunized animals reacting positively in both tests (d = 1.87 less than delta = 2.94 at P = 0.95). The difference between the positive titres determined in the latex-agglutination (55.78%) and hemagglutination (44.41%) tests was significant (d = 11.37 less than delta = 4.39 at P = 0.95). Consequently, both tests could be used for the purpose of determination of anthrax antibody titres, but the latex agglutination test was more sensitive of the two. PMID- 816126 TI - Immunoglobulins and malabsorption. PMID- 816127 TI - Effects of long-term anticonvulsant therapy on calcium metabolism in adult epileptics: influence of age and sex. PMID- 816128 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of thyroid stimulating hormone. Immunological study of the system and clinical application]. PMID- 816129 TI - Vitamin A acid in benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the skin. AB - Vitamin A acid has a prophylactic and a therapeutic effect on chemically induced benign and malignant epithelial tumours in mice. Vitamin A acid, given orally, leads to a regression of established skin papillomas. Skin carcinomas too are influenced to a certain degree. Furthermore this substance, administered prophylactically, prevents or delays the appearance of skin papillomas and carcinomas. The mechanism of action is discussed. PMID- 816130 TI - Investigations on the toxicity of tretinoin administered systemically to animals. PMID- 816131 TI - The immediate effect of TSH on renal iodide excretion rate in rabbits. AB - The renal iodide excretion rate was determined in unrestrained female rabbits by means of conventional clearance technique or continuous monitoring of the whole body disappearance of iv injected 125I-iodide using an implanted Geiger-Muller detector. The immediate effect of pharmacological doses of bovine TSH was studied by both methods and a significant decrease in iodide excretion rate was recorded following the administration of a single TSH dose of 4 IU. The effect of TSH lasted 3-6 h. Injection of 10-20 mug TRH caused a transient delay in iodide disappearance (30-50 min) while 2-20 mug triiodothyronine iv or sc had no immediate effect on the iodide disappearance. PMID- 816132 TI - [Study on the Bence-Jones protein--study on paraproteins detected in myeloma patients with tetrameric Bence-Jones proteins (type kappa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 816133 TI - Monocyte ingestion of IgG-coated erythrocytes from haemolysing and non haemolysing subjects. AB - A number of individuals in the population, including healthy blood donors and patients on methyldopa, show evidence erythrocyte coating by IgG autoantibodies (postive direct Coombs' test) without signs of a haemolytic state. The readiness with which red cells from these subjects are taken up by normal human monocytes in short term culture was examined, and compared with the phagocytosis of red cells from cases of IgG-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Red cells from non haemolysing subjects were as avidly ingested in this system as were red cells from haemolysing patients. Similar results were obtained using normal red cells sensitised with antoantibody eluted from the cells of a healthy blood donor. PMID- 816134 TI - Erythrocyte enzymes in neonatal juandice. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a major cause of severe neonatal jaundice in Nigeria, but not all G6PD-deficient babies become jaundiced. Neonatal jaundice not attributable to G6PD deficiency nor to any other known aetiology is also common. In an effort to explain these two facts, we have measured the levels of the three enzymes G6PD, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX), and glutathione reductase (GSSGR) in 38 jaundiced newborns, 26 control newborns, and 44 normal adults, all of them males. We could not yet prove an additive effect of GSSGR or GSHPX deficiency with G6PD deficiency in causing jaundice. There was no evidence that low levels of GSHPX per se are associated with jaundice. However, jaundiced newborns with normal G6PD had significantly lower levels of GSSGR than control newborns with normal G6PD. These data suggest that a relatively low activity of GSSGR, a riboflavin-dependent enzyme, may predispose the red cells to accelerated destruction in the neonatal period. PMID- 816135 TI - Blood coagulation in patients with acute infections hepatitis in India. AB - Coagulation studies were performed in 61 patients of acute infective hepatitis. 18 with clinical signs of liver failure had bleeding and all succumbed. The 47 patients without liver failure showed no haemorrhagic diathesis and all of them had uneventful recovery. Though coagulopathy was present in most of the patients, the severity and frequency of coagulation defects were more in those with signs of hepatic failure. Hypofibrinogenemia, elevated serum fibrinogen degradation products and accelerated euglobulin lysis were conspicuous in patients with hepatic failure. It appears that while diminished synthesis of coagulation factors is the main basis for coagulopathy in patients without hepatic failure, additional factors like local or disseminated intravascular coagulation and increased fibrinolysis also contribute significantly to the coagulopathy in cases of liver failure. PMID- 816136 TI - Involvement of the central nervous system in rats with acute leukemia L 5222. AB - Young adult BD-IX rats made leukemic by intravenous infusion of 2 times 10(7) nucleated blood cells from leukemic donors (L 5222), showed lesions in the central nervous system 6 days after transfer when their leukocyte count was between 250,000 and 350,000 cells/mul. The brain was affected in only half of the animals, whereas all showed an infiltration of the meanings. Furthermore, all animals had extensive lesions in the spinal cord. The lesions consisted of nodules of leukemic cells and hemorrhages which were predominant in the lower half of the spinal cord and more abundant in the white than in the gray matter. Paraplegic appeared in some animals shortly before death. Since there is a consistent involvement of the meninges and spinal cord, the L 5222 leukemia seems to be a useful model for the study of leukemic infiltration of the central nervous system and the reaction to chemotherapy. PMID- 816137 TI - Alpha-thalassaemia in Cuba. AB - The frequency of alpha-thalassaemia has been determined by the analysis of Hb Barts in 650 newborns; 4.46% of them showed high levels of Hb Barts. The incidence of newborns with different levels of Hb Barts (1-2, 5 and 25%, respectively) and the frequency of the alpha-thalassaemia genes are also given. PMID- 816138 TI - Study of a large Anglo-Saxon family with beta-thalassaemia trait. AB - Study of a large Anglo-Saxon family with beta-thalassaemia trait revealed evidence of consanguinity, moreover both branches of the family shared a Spanish ancestor. The manifestations of the disorder were varied in severity and yet the degree of severity appeared to breed true within any individual part of the family. Our explanation for the inheritance pattern observed in the family was to postulate the existence of two non-allelic genes influencing the rate of beta chain synthesis. PMID- 816139 TI - Heterozygous and homozygous factor XI defect in consanguineous family. AB - A woman with symptoms of prolonged post-traumatic bleeding was found to have a severe defect of factor XI, and was thought to be homozygously affected. Both her parents, who were first cousins, and all her three children, though asymptomatic, showed a moderate defect and appeared to be heterozygous. Both her parents' factor XI levels were about twice those in her children, and this was thought to be an age effect. PMID- 816140 TI - Circulating IgG antibodies against factors IX and VIII in multiple sclerosis. AB - A 64-year-old man with multiple sclerosis developed a circulating anticoagulant. Three immunoglobulin fractions (I = IgG; II =IgG+IgA; III = IgM) were separated from patient serum by 33-percent ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography. Fractions I (IgG) and II (IgG+IgA) had factor VIII inhibitory activity on incubation. Fraction I (IgG) possessed, in addition, immediate anti-IX activity which did not require incubation. Absorption studies characterized the VIII inhibitors as IgG-gamma in fraction I and IgG-gamma+IgG lambda in fraction II. Immediately reactive IgG anti-IX antibodies associated with kinetically distinct IgG anti-VIII antibodies have not been described previously. PMID- 816141 TI - Cephalothin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. AB - A patient with renal disease developed Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia while receiving cephalothin therapy. An anti-cephalothin IgG antibody was detected in the patient's serum and in the eluates from her erythrocytes. In addition, nonimmunologic binding of normal and patient's serum proteins to her own and cephalothin-coated normal red cells was demonstrated. Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation revealed that the patient was sensitized to cephalothin and also to ampicillin. Careful investigation of drug-induced hemolytic anemias reveals the complexity of the immune mechanisms involved. PMID- 816142 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of myeloma and Hodgkin's disease. AB - A patient in whom lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma were diagnosed simultaneously is reported. There was no prior history of irradiation or chemotherapy, the significance of which is discussed in relation to previously documented patients with Hodgkin's disease and myeloma. PMID- 816143 TI - Plasmocytoma with IgM paraproteinemia. A case report. AB - A case of typical diffuse plasmocytoma with IgM paraproteinemia is described. The patient presented with systemic and monomorphic proliferation of atypical and immature plasma cells. osteolytic lesions, retinal venous thrombosis and hemorrhagic diathesis. The therapy with steroids and alkeran produced clinical and hematological remission for 11/2 year with a decrease of macroglobulins in the serum. Cell and paraprotein type remained unchanged during the course of the disease. This case, and similar ones already reported in the literature, suggest that neoplastic plasma cell proliferation is accompanied by synthesis of paraproteins including the IgM type. However, this is not characteristic for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The author concludes that differential diagnosis in these cases can only be made by cytologic examination. PMID- 816144 TI - Types of leukemia in chronic benzene poisoning. A study in thirty-four patients. AB - The distribution of various types of leukemia due to chronic exposure to benzene is described in a series comprising 34 cases. The incidence of leukemia among 31 show-workers was 13.5/100,000. Acute myeloblastic leukemia was the most frequent type, followed by preleukemia, acute erythroleukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The extreme rarity of chronic myeloid leukemia was a noteworthy finding. The differences and similarities between the distribution of various types of leukemia in different series of patients with chronic exposure to benzene and ionizing radiation are discussed. PMID- 816145 TI - Different composition and mitotic activity of the haemopoietic tissue in bone marrow, spleen and liver in chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - Aspirates from bone marrow, spleen and liver were analyzed in 15 untreated patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The proportion of erythroblasts was higher in the spleen and liver than in the bone marrow. An increased frequency of basophilic leucocytes was recorded in the extramedullary sites compared to the bone marrow. In the liver aspirates a considerable admixture of lymphocytes was found. The mitotic indices of the granulopoietic and erythropoietic precursor cells were lower in the spleen and liver than in the bone marrow. The results indicate that the composition and proliferative activity of the haemopoietic tissue differ in bone marrow and extramedullary sites in CML. The discrepancies may be due to differences in the microenvironment for the haemopoietic cells or to a selective accumulation of cells with a low mitotic activity in extramedullary sites. Since the final blastic transformation of CML may originate outside the bone marrow, further studies of the extramedullary haemopoietic tissue may be worthwhile. PMID- 816146 TI - [Leukocyte lipids in mature cell leukemia]. AB - The total lipid content and the lipid pattern of normal and leukemic leukocytes showed no significant difference except the fact, that lymphocytes of chronic lymphatic leukemia have a lower content of triglycerides and sphingomyeline. Lecithin of leukemic lymphocytes contained more palmitinic acid and oleic acid and a lower level of stearic acid than the same fraction in normal lymphocytes. The lipid pattern of normal and leukemic granulocytes was identical. PMID- 816147 TI - Relationship between the concentration of neutrophils and monocytes in venous blood. AB - A striking linear relationship was found between the logarithms of the medians of the circulating neutrophil (granulocyte plus metamyelocyte) counts and the monocyte counts in 5 groups of individuals studied. These groups consisted of (1) 100 normal adult males, (2) 100 normal, non-pregnant females, (3) 50 females in the last trimester of pregnancy, (4) 15 patients with a persistent neutrophil leucocytosis and (5) 20 patients with polycythaemia rubra vera, essential thrombocythaemia or myelofibrosis. A different relationship appeared to exist between the circulating neutrophil and monocyte counts in a group of 16 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 816148 TI - Increased proportion of B lymphocytes in human tonsils and appendices. AB - The percentage of T and B lymphocytes was studied in human tonsils and appendices. An increased percentage of B lymphocytes, 59.1% in tonsils and 54.5% in appendices, was found, whilst the percentage of T lymphocytes was 23.6% and 27.9%, respectively. In the peripheral blood of the corresponding figures were 12.5% for B cells and 50% for T cells. PMID- 816149 TI - Activity of inhibitors on plasmatic erythropoietin and on the renal and splenic erythropoietic factors in the rabbit. AB - The author has studied the action of Cleland's reagent and Koshland's reagent on the erythropoietic factors present in the kidneys and the spleen of normal rabbits, in the plasma of bled rabbits and in the mixtures obtained through incubation of normal plasma with kidney and spleen homogenates. The results show that Cleland's reagent inhibits the activity of the renal and splenic erythro stimulant factors, whereas it has no effect upon the erythropoietin in anaemic plasma and in plasma-kidney and plasma-spleen incubation mixtures. The activity of erythropoietin, on the other hand, is inhibited by Koshland's reagent, which has no influence on the renal and splenic erythro-stimulant factors. PMID- 816150 TI - Autologous marrow reconstitutions in severe aplastic anaemia after ALG pretreatment and HL-A semi-incompatible bone marrow cell transfusion. AB - Three consecutive patients considered to have end-stage acquired aplastic anaemia were given 100-160 mg/kg antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) i.v. followed by an infusion of 2-3.8 x 10(8) nucleated marrow cells/kg i.v. from HL-A one haplotype identical, MLC-positive family donors. All patients showed autologous marrow reconstitutions lasting now 2-3 1/2 years. No clear-cut evidence of marrow engraftment could be established and no graft-versus-host disease was seen. It is assumed that these patients had some normal pluripotent haemopoetic stem cells which proved to be able of endoreduplication and of going into cycle after ALG conditioning and allogeneic marrow transfusion. PMID- 816151 TI - Reversible malabsorption of folic acid in the elderly with nutritional folate deficiency. AB - In normal subjects, the folic acid absorption (TRIFA test) was independent of age and sex. Among 53 geriatric patients with nutritional folate deficiency, impaired absorption of folic acid was present in 19 (36%). After treatment with folic acid for 4 weeks, the absorption returned to normal. It is concluded that folate deficiency per se can produce a malabsorption syndrome resulting in further depletion of folate. Protein deficiency and weight loss alone do not impair the absorption of folic acid. PMID- 816152 TI - Proliferative activity of undifferentiated cells (blast cells) in preleukaemia. AB - Undifferentiated cells (blast cells) in preleukaemic states show labelling indices comparable to those of leukaemic blast cells. Since this cell population can remain constant over months or even years, a steady state must exist between the production of blast cells and cell death. It is more likely, however, that in preleukaemic conditions, blast cells may differentiate to morphologic 'normal' haemopoietic cells. The fact that the latter show an impaired cell proliferation supports the view that they derive from an affected stem cell compartment. PMID- 816153 TI - Low mitotic activity in eosinophilic leukaemia. AB - The mitotic indices of the eosinophilic precursors in the bone marrow of 3 untreated patients with eosinophilic leukaemia were found to be significantly lower than those of 11 patients with reactive eosinophilia and those of 15 healthy controls. The same differences were found in the neutrophilic precursors and in the myeloblasts indicating leukaemic involvement of both the eosinophilic and neutrophilic cell lines. Mitotic countings therefore seem to be of diagnostic significance in this rare disease. PMID- 816154 TI - Receptor studies on 19 cases of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphocytic lymphoma. AB - The receptor profile of 19 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphocytic lymphoma has been described. In nodular lymphomas, the values commonly fall within normal limits. In 2 cases, the nodules separated from the paranodular tissue contained a proportion of sheep-erythrocyte-rosetting cells as well as fluorescent cells. The diffuse lymphomas show predominance of fluorescent cells but some contain numerous B and T cells. These represent 'co-operative' neoplasms. In 3 cases, a receptor profile characterized by high frequency of surface fluorescence and a low incidence of IgG and EAG receptors was noted; this may represent a pattern for a new subclass of malignant lymphoma. Tumour cells rich in surface fluorescence contained abundant ribosomes. Receptor silence was noted only in a single case. PMID- 816155 TI - Acute disseminated lymphosarcoma with B cell markers in a child. AB - A case of a 4-year-old child with disseminated lymphosarcoma with meningeal involvement is described. Immunological investigations of the blast cells in the cerebrospinal fluid were carried out and in most of them Ig determinants and no response to PHA stimulation were found. So the B-dependent nature of these cells was ascertained. This observation is a contribution to the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies through the evaluation of the immunological nature of the blast cells. The data of the literature are still scarce and inconclusive. PMID- 816156 TI - The action of seed and other reagents on HEMPAS erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes of a patient with hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified serum test (HEMPAS) were tested with many seed extracts and various other reagents. Serological evidence of membrane abnormality was confirmed. Various anti-H reagents reacted relatively poorly with HEMPAS cells. HEMPAS cells have both enhanced i and depressed H antigens. A brief note on a 'new' anti-H lectin (Cytisus glabrescens) is provided. PMID- 816158 TI - Intravascular fate of granulocytes administered by granujlocyte transfusions. AB - Granulocytes were harvested from hematologically normal individuals using continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) or filtration leukapheresis (FL). The isolated granulocytes were labeled in vitro by 3H-diisopropyl fluorophosphate (3H DFP) and autotransfused. Their intravascular fate was analyzed by autoradiography. Immediately after autotransfusion the majority of granulocytes administered, collected in the marginal granulocyte pool. Margination was particularly prominent in granulocytes isolated by FL. The distribution of transfused granulocytes between the circulating and the marginal granulocyte pool showed wide and irregular fluctuations in time. Margination of transfused granulocytes was counterbalanced, and its fluctuation between the two intravascular pools was stabilized by prednisone treatment. The transit of transfused granulocytes from blood to tissue seemed to be governed by a random process, the half-disappearance time being either normal or prolonged. Compatible granulocytes administered to hematologically normal recipients circulated for at least 20 h. PMID- 816157 TI - Combined hereditary deficiency of factors VII and VIII: a distinct coagulation disorder due to the 'lack' of an autosomal gene controlling factor VII and VIII activation? AB - A patient with a combined hereditary deficiency of factors VII and VIII is presented together with a family study. The main bleeding manifestations were easy bruising and bleeding after tooth extractions. No hemarthrosis was ever observed. The main laboratory features consisted in a mild prolongation of prothrombin time and of partial thromboplastin time. TG test was abnormal and was corrected by the addition of adsorbed normal plasma. Specific assays revealed a moderate defect of factors VII and VIII. All other clotting factors were within normal limits. The factor VII antigen in the propositus was normal or nearly normal. The factor-VIII-associated antigen was also normal. Five additional family members presented the same coagulation pattern and were variably symptomatic. The hereditary transmission pattern seems to be autosomal dominant. The defect appears to be due to a structural abnormality of a gene controlling factors VII and VIII activation. PMID- 816159 TI - [Electron microscope localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase in lymphocytes]. AB - In ductus thoracicus lymphocytes of the rat the localization of specific phosphatases was studied by means of ultrahistochemistry. Thiaminepyrophosphatase was found in the outer lamellae of the Golgi-field as well as in lysosomes, whereas nucleosiddiphosphatases could be localized on the plasma membrane at low pH. These findings are correlated with the phaenotype of B- and T-lymphocytes. Their functional significance is discussed. PMID- 816160 TI - Impairment of platelet adhesiveness and platelet factor 3 activity in cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - In 33 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease the platelet function has been studied. The most significant changes were reduced platelet adhesiveness to glass and impaired availability of platelet factor 3 in nearly 50% of the patients. Although clot retraction was poor in 84% of them, thrombocytopenia and prolonged bleeding time were not significant features. PMID- 816161 TI - Growth of haematopoietic cells of mouse fetal liver in diffusion chambers. AB - Growth of haematopoietic cells from fetal mouse liver of 14- to 16- day gestation was studied with the diffusion chamber technique. The culture period varied from 1 to 8 days. Cell proliferation and haemoglobin synthesis were seen in erythroblasts during the first days of culture. However, the nearly pure erythroblastic population of the primary inoculum changed to vigorously growing granulocytic cells and macrophages during the 8-day assay period. It seems likely that end-product inhibition is operative within the monocyte-macrophage and granulocyte cell lineages, respectively, when cells grow in diffusion chambers in vivo. PMID- 816162 TI - The fibrinolytic enzyme system in anorexia nervosa. AB - The levels of components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in 7 patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with those of healthy young women. Plasminogen activator levels were significantly higher and the mean fibrinogen concentration was lower in the anorexia nervosa patients. PMID- 816163 TI - Combined congenital deficiency of factor V and factor VIII. Report of a further case with some considerations on the hetereditary transmission of this disorder. AB - A patient with combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency is presented. The bleeding manifestations were mild. The main laboratory feature was a prolonged partial thromboplastin time which was corrected by the addition of adsorbed normal plasma but not by the addition of normal serum, hemophilia A plasma or plasma of another patient with combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency. TGT was also clearly abnormal and was corrected by the addition of adsorbed normal plasma but not by the addition of normal serum. Prothrombin consumption was mildly defective. The prothrombin time was slightly prolonged. Facotr VIII was 12% and factor V 55% of normal. Factor-VIII-associated antigen was normal. The father and a sister of the propositus revealed mild factor V deficiency but normal factor VIII activity and antigen. The parents were not consanguineous. A tentative classification of combined deficiency of factors V and VIII in two groups is proposed. The hereditary transmission of the two types of deficiencies is discussed. PMID- 816164 TI - Brucellosis in two thalassaemic patients infected by blood transfusions from the same donor. AB - Brucellosis was diagnosed in two polytransfused, thalassaemic patients who had received blood containing brucella agglutinins from an asymptomatic donor. In one of the patients the onset of the disease simulated infectious mononucleosis. Despite the fact that both cases were splenetomized, the course of illness was not life threatening. However, a tendency for recurrence of the infection and persistence of high brucella agglutinin titres were noted. PMID- 816165 TI - Two serum IgG-M components of different light-chain types in a case of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of two serum and urine M components in a 75-year-old woman affected by Hodgkin's disease is reported. The patient developed two IgG-M components of different light-chain types after an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia. PMID- 816166 TI - Rhesus iso-immunization prevention program: a nursing alert. PMID- 816168 TI - Cromolyn sodium: effect on lymphocyte activation and viability in vitro. AB - The effect of cromolyn sodium on in vitro human lymphocyte viability and activation by phytohemagglutinin and PPD has been investigated in 24 subjects. The presence of cromolyn in the culture (10 mug/ml) significantly reduces the viability of lymphocytes at both 3 days and 5 days. This concentration is probably greater than that which would normally be present in the blood of patients receiving therapeutic amounts of cromolyn, but less than that to which pulmonary lymphocytes would be exposed following inhalation of cromolyn. Cromolyn in concentrations of 0.1 to 100 mug/ml has no effect upon thymidine uptake or viability of lymphocytes following phytohemagglutinin or PPD stimulation. PMID- 816167 TI - Proceedings: Pharmacological properties of a new oral long-acting neuroleptic drug penfluridol. PMID- 816169 TI - The effect of pre- and postnatal undernutrition on the calibre growth of central motor fibres: a morphometric ultrastructural study on rat cortico-spinal tract. AB - The effect of early in life instituted undernutrition on the calibre growth of cortico-spinal motor fibres was studied electron microscopically at three different developmental stages in the rat. The total diameters of these motor fibres were measured from a defined level of the medulla oblongata and plotted in histograms. In undernourished rats. Early initiated nutritional rehabilitation through controlled cross-fostering revealed that the impaired calibre growth was reversible, and thus completely restituted at the age of 180 days. It is concluded that early initiated protein-calorie undernutrition affects this central motor pathway in a similar way, as it affects a peripheral motor nerve (cf. Sima, 1974). PMID- 816170 TI - Rh-prophylaxis with immunoglobulin anti-D administered during pregnancy and after delivery. AB - During 1968-1973 510 Rh-negative, non-Rh-immunized primi- and multigravidae giving birth to Rh-positive infants, regardless of the ABO constellation, received 250 mug immunoglobulin anti-D post partum. In serological follow-ups using the indirect Coombs' test and the papain method more than six months after childbirth, Rh-antibodies were detected in two cases with papain but not at all with the indirect Coombs' test. Seventy women gave birth to Rh-positive babies in subsequent pregnancies. Twenty-six of these non-Rh-immunized women were given an intramuscular injection of 250 mug anti-D five to ten weeks before delivery and were included in a series comprising a total of 131 Rh-negative women who had received immunoglobulin anti-D in the estimated 32nd-34th week of pregnancy. Bilirubin and haemoglobin were determined in the neonates on cord blood and serum. The infants whose mothers had received immunoglobulin anti-D during pregnancy showed no signs of haematological abnormalities related to the administration of immunoglobulin anti-D. The determination of cord blood haemoglobin or bilirubin and serum bilirubin revealed no significant difference between Rh-positive infants and Rh-negative ones. Antibodies by the papain method were detected 41 of the women at the time of delivery (22 Rh-positive babies and 19 Rh-negative ones). There was no correlation between the time at which immunoglobulin anti-D was administered and the detection of antibodies at the time of delivery, regardless of the Rh group of the infant. The indirect Coombs' test was positive only in ten of the 48 Rh-negative infants examined. 250 mug immunoglobulin anti-D provides effective post partum prophylaxis, and the same dose administered to Rh-negative pregnant women prior to delivery did not cause any detectable haemolytic damage to the fetus. PMID- 816171 TI - Phospholipids and creatinine in amniotic fluid in relation to gestational age. II. Complicated pregnancy. AB - 176 samples of amniotic fluid were obtained by abdominal amniocentesis from 69 women with complicated pregnancies (toxemia, diabetes mellitus or rhesus isoimmunization) in the 27th-43rd week of pregnancy. The concentration of creatinine (172 cases), the ratio of lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S-ratio, 155 cases) and phospholipid phosphorus (155 cases) were determined and related to gestational age. The results were compared with normal pregnancy. The mean level of creatinine in toxemia was significantly higher from the 32nd week till term (p less than 0.05) and the L/S-ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the 34th-35th week compared with normal pregnancy. Creatinine concentration was significantly elevated in diabetic pregnancy in the 36th-37th week (p less than 0.05). Creatinine concentration tended to be low in Rh-isoimmunization. A creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 1.8 mg% and a L/S-ration greater than or equal to 2.25 always corresponded to a gestational age greater than or equal to 35th week. To get increased precision in estimating gestational age in complicated as well as in normal pregnancy the determination of both creatinine concentration and L/S-ratio in amniotic fluid is recommended. PMID- 816172 TI - Experiences on the use of dipropylacetate in the treatment of childhood epilepsy. AB - The antiepileptic efficiency of dipropylacetate (DPA) was studied in 80 epileptic children who suffered either from seizures resistant to previous medication, so called idiopathic epilepsy or progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The average peroral daily dosage of DPA was 21 mg/kg divided into 2 to 3 doses. DPA was most effective in cases with 1) so-called idiopathic epilepsy (genuine petit mal, photogenic epilepsy, myoclonic petit mal in older children), 2) seizures beginning in later childhood years, 3) photosensitive and hyperventilation sensitive seizures, 4) EEG showing symmetric generalized spike-slow wave complexes provoked by photostimulation, 5) EEG without generalized disturbance or focal findings, 6) normal neurological and mental status, 7) progressive myoclonus epilepsy. DPA may thus be recommended for the treatment of the above mentioned cases and, due to good treatment results, also tried in other types of epilepsy. PMID- 816173 TI - Tissue toxicity of intravenous solutions. A phlebographic and experimental study. AB - A phlebographic study in 32 children has shown that i.v. infusion of invertose, glucose, Vamine and Intralipid but not saline, damages the tissues as judged from changes in the vessel walls, oedema and disturbances in the venous circulation. The addition of Heparin to the solutions markedly reduced the frequency of these untoward reactions. The toxicity of invertose, glucose, Vamine and Intralipid was studied experimentally in a biologic tissue: the cheek pouch of the hamster. All solutions particularly Vamine caused some damage to the microcirculation. In this study the factor mainly responsible for thrombophlebitis was the toxicity of the solution infused. Other factors such as surgical trauma, site of entry, local infection, temperature of solutions etc. played only a minor role. PMID- 816174 TI - The bioavailability of oral penicillin V. A comparative study of the absorption of different salts of penicillin V in children. AB - Different salts of penicillin V (pc-V): potassium pc-V (Calciopen and Kavepenin), calcium pc-V (Penicals) and benzathine pc-V (Meropenin) were given to 37 children (age 2 months to 4 years) with upper respiratory infections. The gastro intestinal absorption of the drug given in a mixture was followed for three hours after administration by determination of the serum levels from capillary samples. Administration of the mixtures containing the potassium pc-V resulted in a more rapid absorption and in significantly higher plasma concentrations at 30 min than did administration of the preparations containing the calcium and benzathine salts. In four children with coeliac disease, verified by intestinal biopsy, the absorption of potassium pc-V (Calciopen) was compared with that of calcium pc-V (Penicals). A decreased absorption was found and this was most pronounced when the calcium salt was given. PMID- 816175 TI - The thyroid in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. V. Triiodothyronine. Effect of corticosteroids and influence of severe disease. AB - The concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) have been measured in serum of 20 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The patient group was compared with 20 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. The concentration of T3 and T4 were similar in the two groups but TBG in serum was higher in the patient group, mainly due to the high TBG levels in the female patients. The concentration of T3 in serum was lower in the severely ill patients than in those who were mildly-moderately ill, while T4 and TBG were not affected by the severity of the disease. The concentration of T3 was lower in the corticosteroid-treated patients than in those who did not have such treatment, just like the TBG level. However, TBG was not subnormal in the corticosteroid-treated patients, whereas the serum concentration of T3 was. T4 in serum was not affected by treatment with corticosteroids. These findings indicate that the metabolism of T4 and T3 are influenced differently by corticosteroids. PMID- 816176 TI - Myxedematous madness without myxedema. Selective defect of TSH release on TRF loading in a young woman with a history of severe depressive illness cured with thryoid hormone replacement therapy. AB - A young woman, whose psychiatric history covered 16 years, has been treated several times as in-patient for psychotic depression, which were finally cured with thyroid replacement therapy. Recent reports of the connection between depression and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are discussed. The authors question the suggestion that selective pituitary insufficiency and a defect in TSH release on TRF loading are rare phenomena. PMID- 816177 TI - The hypothalamic regulatory hormones and their clinical applications. PMID- 816178 TI - Noninhalational anaesthetics. PMID- 816179 TI - Steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. PMID- 816180 TI - The immunology of schistosomiasis. PMID- 816181 TI - Diamine oxidases in the small intestine of rabbits, dogs and pigs: separation from souluble monoamine oxidases and substrate specificity of the enzymes. PMID- 816182 TI - Proceedings: Effect of cycloserine on histaminase. PMID- 816183 TI - [Tubular body in the endothelial cell of the ocular blood vessel--comparative ultrastructure and development of tubular bodies in the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 816184 TI - [Ophthalmological studies on perinephritis hypertension in monkeys: pathogenesis of retinal changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 816185 TI - [The effect of the intraocular pressure on the vascularization of the optic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 816186 TI - Endocardial changes produced in Patus monkeys by the ablation of cardiac lymphatics and the administration of a plantain diet. AB - The effect of obliteration of the cardiac lymph drainage and prolonged feeding with a plantain diet in Patus monkeys was studied. Althout obliteration of the cardiac lymph supply produced fibroelastotic lesions the addition of a plantain diet did not usually produce much increase in cardiac fibrosis and the changes of EMF or CUO were not seen. The reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 816187 TI - Biological temporomandibular joint reconstruction. PMID- 816188 TI - Long-term propranolol therapy for angina pectoris. AB - Sixty-three patients with stable, severe typical angina pectoris (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV) were treated with propranolol and studied prospectively with a follow-up period of 5 to 8 years to assess the rate of complications and long-term effectiveness after an initial control period. The patients' mean age was 56 years; the mean daily dose of propranolol was 255 mg. The average yearly mortality rate was 3.8 percent with a cumulative 5 year mortality rate of 19 percent. Patients whose reduction of angina with propranolol was less than 50 percent had a nearly four-fold greater mortality rate than those whose reduction was 50 percent or more (P less than 0.01). Thirty-two percent of patients per year were angina-free with propranolol and 84 percent per year had 50 percent or more reduction in anginal episodes. There was no evidence for tachyphylaxis. Heart failure developed in 25 percent of patients, two thirds of whom had either congestive heart failure with an acute infarction or a prior history of congestive heart failure. All patients whose initial cardiothoracic ratio was greater than 0.5 had heart failure during the first 3 years of propranolol therapy. Of 12 patients who had an acute infarction during therapy, 7 died, 6 with cardiogenic shock; in contrast, 8 of 9 patients who had congestive heart failure without acute infarction survived. Eight percent of patients had other significant side effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms (three patients), hallucinations (one) and postural hypotension (one). The occurrence of asthma in three patients was dose-related and did not require drug discontinuation. Propanolol is an effective form of long-term therapy for severe angina pectoris; it does not induce tachyphylaxis or increase the overall mortality rate, although it may increase the risk of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction. Previous history of congestive heart failure, a cardiothoracic ratio of more than 0.5 without overt heart failure and mild asthma are relative contraindications. A 50 percent or greater reduction in anginal pain with propranolol predicts a low mortality group. PMID- 816190 TI - Zinc deficiency. PMID- 816189 TI - Regional and global myocardial effects of intravenous and sublingual nitroglycerin treatment after experimental acute coronary occlusion. AB - The consequences of sublingual and intravenous nitroglycerin treatment after acute coronary occlusion were studied in 18 closed chest dogs. Intravenous (0.1 mg/min) or sublingual (0.4 mg/15 min) nitroglycerin therapy was instituted 1 hour after occlusion and the effects were observed over a period of 2 hours. Hemodynamics and global and regional cardiac function were measured in both the coronary occluded and nonoccluded segments of the left ventricle before and during coronary occlusion, and after administration of nitroglycerin. A similar nine dog control series was used to establish the significance of the measured effects of nitroglycerin. Intravenous nitroglycerin therapy after 1 hour of occlusion resulted in a marked increase in heart rate (37 +/- 12 [mean +/- standard error of the mean] percent), reduction of systolic blood pressure (9 +/- 3%), decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (32 +/- 5% and 34 +/- 5%), increase in coronary sinus flow (64 +/- 24%) and decrease in left ventricular stroke work (29 +/- 8%). Sublingually administered nitroglycerin produced similar trends but much less pronounced effects. However, intravenous or sublingual administration of nitroglycerin provided no improvement or caused further deterioration in ischemic region lactate extraction and potassium loss. The left ventricular ejection fraction, which was severly depressed after 1 hour of occlusion, changed minimally after administration of nitroglycerin, and there was no evidence of any correction of regional left ventricular akinesia or dyskinesia. Whereas mean systemic vascular resistance changed minimally as a result of nitroglycerin therapy, it increased 19 +/- 8% during a corresponding period of an untreated coronary occlusion series suggesting that nitroglycerin prevented an anticipated increase. Postocclusion S-T segment elevation in the electrocardiogram persisted after treatment. Our data corroborated that nitroglycerin reduced left ventricular volumes and increased coronary sinus flow; however, these improvements were accompanied by persisting metabolic and mechanical derangements in the ischemic region. PMID- 816191 TI - The role of Intralipid in prolonged parenteral nutrition. I. As a caloric substitute for glucose. AB - Three stable patients were studied in order to assess the role of intravenous fat solutions (Intralipid) in long-term home parental nutrition. The standard source of nonprotein calories (NPC) in these patients was 60% glucose. Replacing 40% of NPC by Intralipid was effective in maintaining nitrogen balance and allowed total infusion time to be reduced from 12 hr to 8 hr. The serum triglyceride level was significantly elevated when glucose was used as the sole source of NPC, whereas serum cholesterol was significantly elevated when 40% of NPC were supplied by Intralipid. PMID- 816192 TI - The pathology of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. AB - The gross and microscopic findings of an atuopsied case of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis are presented. The source of the pseudodiverticula is shown to be pathologically dilated pre-existing excretory ducts of the submucosal glands, with which the pseudodiverticula often remained in continuity. Unlike what has been previously reported but poorly documented, the submucosal glands themselves did not contribute to the structure of the pseudodiverticula, the number of duct-gland units was not increased, and the thickening of the wall of the esophagus was the result of submucosal fibrosis, not hypertrophy of the muscularis propria. The etiology of this entity remains unidentified. PMID- 816193 TI - Positive direct antiglobulin reaction in a patient population. AB - This study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence, the associated clinical diseases, and the serologic characteristics and significance of positive direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) in a hospital population. Forty-one (0.9%) of 4,664 medical-surgical patients had positive DAT's on admission. Eight of these 41 people also had antibodies in their sera. Twelve patients were taking alpha methyldopa and one cephalothin, seven had malignant tumors, nine had immunologic disease, and 12 had miscellaneous conditions. Elution of antibodies from the erythrocytes of 36 patients was attempted: 17 eluates failed to react with panel cells; anti-K antibody was found in the eluates from two patients who had recently received transfusions; five eluates showed no blood-group specificity; and 12 agglutinated all panel cells. Eleven of the last 12 eluates, after absorption with Rh-negative cells, were tested with Rh cells of various phenotypes, and weaker or negative results with Rhnull cells were obtained with seven absorbed eluates. Three of the 41 patients had mild to overt hemolysis. PMID- 816194 TI - Orogastric supplementation in small premature infants requiring mechanical respiration. AB - Very small premature infants with severe respiratory disease were managed with early intermittent orogastric feedings combined with infusion of 10% dextrose. Nine infants weighing less than 1,350 gm at birth (mean, 990 gm) who required endotracheal intubation and respirator therapy and who remained in the hospital for at least 40 days were studied retrospectively. The mean weight gain per day was 10.8 gm for the first 40 days of life, 14.1 gm while an endotracheal tube was in place (sometimes longer than 40 days), and 15.7 gm during the growth phase, after initial weight loss. Individual growth curves compared favorably with those reported by others using total parenteral nutrition. The technique described deserves wider application for initial management of the small premature infant receiving mechanical respiration. PMID- 816195 TI - Use of a steerable catheter for intubating patients with Zenker's diverticulum. PMID- 816196 TI - Jejunal biopsies in protein-calorie malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infestation in Brazil. AB - Jejunal biopsies were performed in 71 subjects, who were classified into three groups as follows: Forty-one patients, on a poor diet, without clinical signs of malnutrition, with and without parasitic infestation; nineteen patients with severe protein-calorie malnutrition, with and without parasitic infestation; control group, ten medical students and one of the authors on a normal diet and without parasitic infestation. The dissecting microscope appearance showed mild alteration of the intestinal villi of Group A patients with parasitic infestation and severe alteration on Group B patients, especially those with parasitism. On histological examination, only the total mucosal thickness showed statistically significant differences between the Group B (severe protein malnutrition) and the other groups. PMID- 816197 TI - Drug usage review sample studies in long-term care facilities. AB - The usage of 10 drugs in five long-term care facilities was reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of a five-step systematic method of drug usage review. Medical care evaluation sample studies are required under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and drug usage review sample studies may satisfy this requirement. The five-step method involved selection of the health problem to be studied; development of criteria of care; measurement of specific performance data and comparison with the criteria; establishment of the audit committee evaluation process; and design and implementation of educational activities. In each facility, data were collected on abstract sheets designed to indicate when a patient's drug usage did not conform to criteria established by a committee of health professionals. Incidents of nonconformance were then examined. The largest number of exceptions to the criteria related to monitoring the effectiveness of drug therapy. Data by drug revealed higher nonconformance rates for digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, methyldopa and thioridazine. A small number of exceptions was found in drug administration, indicating that the patients were receiving medications as ordered and that few errors were made in transcribing. This systematic approach to identifying drug usage patterns can be used by pharmacists to coordinate sample studies and to fulfill their consultant role in long-term facilities required by federal regulations. PMID- 816198 TI - Letter: Problems with compressed nitroglycerin tablets. PMID- 816199 TI - Recommendations to pharmacists for solving problems with large-volume parenterals. PMID- 816200 TI - Interactions of the trophoblast and maternal tissues in three closely related primate species. AB - The confluence of maternal and fetal tissues to form the placenta causes a wide variety of alterations in cells of both origins. Three closely related primate species were studied for similarities and differences in the interrelationships formed during various stages of placental development in the areas of implantation, decidualization, and trophoblastic involvement in the spiral arteries. Although certain similarities exist among the three species a surprising number of distinct differences were found to shed doubt on the common practice of assuming species-to-species similarity, particularly among primates. PMID- 816201 TI - Nuclear chromatin determination in amniotic fluid cells for prenatal sex prediction in the macaque. AB - Amniotic fluid cells obtained after the ninetieth day of gestation in the macaque were analyzed for nuclear chromatin. The technique proved reliable for the prediction of fetal sex. PMID- 816202 TI - Correlation of histologic and electroretinographic changes in peripheral retinal ablation in the rhesus monkey. AB - We studied the effect of peripheral retinal ablation on the electroretinograms of five rhesus monkeys. An ablation procedure analogous to that commonly used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was carried out with an argon laser photocoagulator. Quantitative histologic measures showed retinal destruction of about 13% of total retinal area. This was associated with about a 50% reduction in scotopic electroretinographic amplitude. PMID- 816203 TI - Dynamics of thrombus formation on an artificial surface in vivo. Effects of antithrombotic agents. AB - A nonhuman primate model for in vivo evaluation of antithrombotic agents is described. In this model, the formation of a thrombus on a segment of Silastic tubing placed in the vena cava of a rhesus monkey is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of antithrombotic agents. Thrombus formation in this model was found to occur rapidly, but this initial deposit quickly was followed by a reduction in thrombus weight. Eventually, after 2 hours of implantation of the test device, thrombus weight again increased and reached an apparent plateau. Three different antithrombotic agents were evaluated with this model. Warfarin therapy was found to decrease the thrombus weight in approximate proportion to its effect on the prothrombin time. Aspirin and dextran each produced a decrease in thrombus weight in 2 of 3 animals tested. Individual differences in response to thrombotic agents are apparent, but despite this, the model appears to offer advantages for in vivo evaluation of antithrombotic agents. PMID- 816204 TI - The density of long limb bones and the percentage ash weight of the skeleton of Macaca mulatta. AB - The gravimetric density of humeri, radii, femora and tibiae from a series of 274 male and female skeletons of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, was determined for fetal, young and adult periods. The ages of 171 of the animals were known: they ranged from 57 days of gestation to 13.6 years; the ages of an additional 103 skeletons were estimated. The mean density of the fetal bones was found to increase linearly with age and was higher for males than females, and higher for the superior than for the inferior limb bones. During the young period the pattern of increase in density can be represented by a power-type curve, and the density is significantly higher in females than in males and in superior than in inferior limb bones. The densities of the long limb bones of the adult skeletons show a slight, but not significant, negative trend with increasing age. In this age group the mean densities are higher for males than females and higher for the superior than for the inferior limb bones. The percentage ash weight was determined for the total skeleton and for 21 subdivisions of 23 postnatal skeletons with estimated ages. The skull and long limb bones were found to have higher mean percentage ash weights than the vertebral segments and the sternum. Both the density and the percentage ash weight of the Macaca mulatta skeletons examined exceed those found in our earlier studies of the human skeleton. PMID- 816205 TI - Bipedal behavior of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and its relevance to an understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism. AB - The bipedal behavior of a troop of olive baboons (Papio anubis) is described. Bipedalism is relatively rare but nevertheless occurs in a wide variety of situations, although bipedalism during feeding occurs much more frequently than in other situations. The incidence of bipedalism varies between different age-sex classes and between individuals within age-sex classes. This pattern of bipedalism occurred within an overall adaptive response, particularly in feeding behavior, which was similar to that of the gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The data on bipedalism is used together with an existing model of early hominid differentiation based on T. gelada to indicate the types of bipedal behavior which might have occurred in early hominid small object feeders and to suggest how a bipedal pattern of this type might have served as a basis for the action of selection for a more committedly bipedal pattern at later stages of hominid evolution. PMID- 816206 TI - Newborn: adult brain ratios in hominid evolution. AB - The ratio of newborn to adult brain size varies widely in primates. These variations provide an index of the different degrees of postnatal brain growth in the different members of the primate order. The uniquely low figure for Homo sapiens indicates a greater degree of postnatal brain growth and therefore postnatal dependence and also a greater need and opportunity for social organisation. An attempt is made to determine the newborn adult brain ratio in a proto-human population, Australopithecus africanus. Two possible causes of the reduction of the ratio in hominid evolution are discussed. The first is the limiting confines of the maternal pelvis adapted primarily for orthograde progression rather than parturition. The second concerns the resultant of a set of three paired variables between the members of each pair of which there exists an allometric relationship. These are the relation between brain and body size in the adult, feto-maternal weight allometry and the relation between newborn brain size and birth weight. PMID- 816207 TI - Analysis of an early hominid ulna from the Omo Basin, Ethiopia. AB - The discovery (in 1971) of a nearly complete right ulna from the Shungura Formation of the Omo basin provides the opportunity to abalyze the forelimb structure of the Australopithecus boisei form of early hominid. Results from multivariate morphometric analyses show that this bone is unique in shape among the extant hominoids although it is most similar to Pan and Homo. Despite its long slender shaft and large distal articular surface the bone's overall morphology is quite unlike Pongo. PMID- 816208 TI - Variability of skin temperature in the waking monkey. AB - Temperatures of the brain, skin, and nasal mucosa were recorded along with the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in chaired, conscious pigtail monkeys at 25 degrees C air temperature. In undisturbed animals, skin temperatures ranged from 34 to 37 degrees C. When the animal was alerted by visual or auditory stimuli, temperatures on the extremities, tail, nose, ears, and nasal mucosa dropped rapidly to 22-29 degrees C. Temperatures on the proximal limbs and trunk and most of the head remained steady at all times. Average hypothalamic temperature was 0.91 degrees C higher when the extremities, tail, nose, ears, and nasal mucosa were cool than when they were warm, the brain temperature change beginning 80-120 s after the change in peripheral temperatures. A slight decrease in EEG frequency, but no change in amplitude, occurred during skin warming. Anesthetic doses of barbiturate led to a rapid rise in temperature of the extremities, tail, nose, ears, and nasal mucosa and a drop in brain temperature. These large changes in skin temperature in conscious monkeys reflect changes in cutaneous blood flow, the resulting alteration in heat loss leading to a rapid change in deep body temperature. The experiments demonstrate the importance of the state of arousal on autonomic nervous control of peripheral vasomotor tone in the monkey. PMID- 816209 TI - Blood-brain barrier permeability of 11C-labeled alcohols and 15O-labeled water. AB - The extraction of 11C-labeled methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, as well as 15O labeled water by the brain during a single capillary transit, was studied in vivo in six adult rhesus monkeys by external detection of the time course of these tracers subsequent to their internal carotid artery injection. The data demonstrate the feasibility of accurately measuring brain permeability of highly diffusible substances by this technique and show that neither water nor the alcohols studied freely equilibrate with brain when the cerebral blood flow exceeds 30 ml/100 g min-1. At a cerebral blood flow of 50 ml/100 g min-1 only about 93% of an injected bolus of labeled water freely exchanges with brain, compared with methanol (93%), ethanol (97%), and isopropanol (99%). The brain capillary permeability-surface area (PS) products computed from these data were 0.023 cm3/s g-1 (water), 0.024 cm3/s g-1 (methanol), 0.030 cm3/s g-1 (ethanol), and 0.062 cm3/s g-1 (isopropanol). This sequence of PS products is consistent with the individual lipid solubilities of the alcohols studied and underscores the unique brain permeability characteristics of lipid-insoluble water. PMID- 816210 TI - Psychiatric presentations of seizure disorders. AB - Seizure disorders may present with signs and symptoms that are usually associated with psychiatric disorders. Physicians must be alert to this possibility; they should use careful history taking in conjunction with EEGs to avoid misdiagnosing certain cases of psychomotor, petit male, and grand mal epilepsy. PMID- 816211 TI - Evaluating new antimalarial drugs against trophozoite induced Plasmodium cynomolgi malaria in rhesus monkeys. AB - An antimalarial drug testing system is described which utilizes trophozoite induced Plasmodium cynomolgi malaria in rhesus monkeys. The schizonticidal activity of standard antimalarial drugs in this system is reported. The system accurately predicted antimalarial activity in man of 8 of 9 compounds selected for clinical trials. PMID- 816212 TI - Complement alterations in rodent malaria. AB - In the course of rodent malaria, the ability of mouse serum to release immune complexes from lymphocytes (complex-release, or CRA), a complement dependent function, becomes profoundly altered. These alterations occur in parallel with changes in the serum levels of the third complement component (C3). A transitory but significant increase in CRA and C3 was noticed during the first 3 days after blood-induced Plasmodium berghei infection. This was followed by a progressive decrease in CRA, which was extremely low in the 2nd week after injection. At this time, C3 levels were about 25% of those found in normal mouse serum. Incubation of blood cells of malaria-infected animals with normal serum "in vitro" resulted in a significant inhibition of the CRA of the normal serum. This inhibition was shown to operate through the alternate complement pathway. In addition, a considerable proportion of hypocomplementemic malarious sera also had an inhibitory effect on the CRA of normal sera. PMID- 816214 TI - Epidemiological patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama. III. Endemic persistence of the disease. AB - Endemic persistence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is described in El Aguacate, a community established in the forest of central Panama about 75 years ago. Physiographic pecularities partially isolate El Aguacate from other villages in the region. Some of the original forest environment has been preserved and man biting species of phlebotomine sandflies were abundant as was the two-toed sloth, Choloepus hoffmanni, the principal reservoir host of Leishmania braziliensis in Panama. The inhabitants, as well as their dogs, were examined for natural leishmaniasis in 1969 and 1973. Mammals and phlebotomine sandflies were collected from 1968 to 1973 in a search for reservoir hosts and potential vectors of the disease. Similar studies were undertaken in two nearby villages during 1968 and 1969. L. braziliensis has persisted for many years in El Aguacate, and infection is acquired during childhood. Dogs also were found naturally infected, and the two-toed sloth showed yearly infection rates up to 47.8%. Parasites were demonstrated from a night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus. PMID- 816213 TI - Toxoplasmosis in man and animals in South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. AB - Sera from 1,050 persons, 69 cats, 18 goats, 23 bovines, 2 monkeys, and 1 dog from 7 villages in South Kalimantan were tested for indirect hemagglutination Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. A seroepidemiologic study with the methylene blue dye test was conducted 1 year later at one village among 25 families and their cats. Toxoplasma antibody prevalence in man in different villages varied from 9.7% to 51.0%. Forty-one percent of the cats and 61% of the goats also had positive titers. None of the bovines was positive. The epidemiologic study indicated that, in spite of the presence of many infected cats in the village, goat meat was a significant source of Toxoplasma infection for man in this population. PMID- 816215 TI - Experimental dirofilariasis in macaques. II. Susceptibility and host responses to Dirofilaria repens of dogs and cats. AB - In this second series of studies on dirofilariasis in primates, 13 macaques were inoculated with infective larvae of Dirofilaria repens and were killed 2 weeks to 11 months postinoculation. Two of these animals were treated with prednisolone (as an immunosuppressant) daily beginning at 2 months of infection. Larvae and adult worms were recovered from 10 monkeys, but microfilaremia was not observed in the untreated monkeys despite the presence of gravid female worms. Eosinophilia and filarial antibodies were notable in monkeys harboring gravid worms, especially at 2, 4.5, and 6 months, probably corresponding to the period of final molt, mating, and microfilarial production, respectively. Microfilaremia appeared in the two prednisolene-treated monkeys at 5.5 and 6 months of infections, respectively, suggesting that under similar conditions infection with D. repens could produca a microfilaremia in man. PMID- 816216 TI - Experimental dirofilariasis in macaques. III. Susceptibility and host responses to Dirofilaria tenuis of raccoons. AB - In this third of a series of studies on experimental dirofilariasis in primate hosts, 3 Macaca cynomolgus, 6 M. speciosa, and 2 M. mulatta were inoculated with infective larvae of Dirofilaria tenuis, a parasite of the raccoon, and were killed at periods ranging from 2 weeks to 13 months of infection. One M. mulatta and one M. speciosa were treated daily with prednisolone beginning 2 months after inoculation; worms were recovered from these and 5 other monkeys (7 of 11). Microfilaremia was detected during the 28th week of infection in a monkey under prednisolone treatment. Microfilaremia was found to be aperiodic in that monkey and in a raccoon. Eosinophilia and antibodies to the microfilaria reached appreciable levels in three monkeys harboring gravid worms. Development of D. tenuis in M. speciosa appeared to be comparable to that observed in man. PMID- 816217 TI - Humoral immunity of parasitized, malnourished children. AB - The nutrition, intensity of parasitism, complete blood count, and the serum immunoglobulin concentration of 63 children were studied. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia was present in the vast majority of subjects regardless of their nutritional status. The IgA and IgM concentrations were moderately increased, the IgG was increased threefold, and the IgE was markedly increased in concentration. The concentrations of the immunoglobulins were related significantly to the intensity of parasitism. PMID- 816218 TI - Schistosoma mansoni in baboons. III. The course and characteristics of infection, with additional observations on immunity. AB - Parasitological, clinical, and histopathological observations on 54 baboons infected with Schistosoma mansoni are presented. The baboon and S. mansoni constitute a compatible host-parasite system, evidence by the infectivity of cercariae (98% penetration, 42% adult worm recovery), and the long, fertile life of the worms. Baboons tolerated the infection well, with clinical illness a rarity in moderately infected baboons. Pathological findings were generally unremarkable. An acute "toxemic" phase occurred 66 days or less following a large cercarial exposure in three baboons. Worm burdens were not significantly reduced during the course of prolonged infection, but prolonged infections resulted in decreased oviposition by the worms and in an anterior shift in egg deposition from the colon to the small intestine. Concomitant immunity was also a feature of baboon infections. Decreased oviposition and the anterior shift are probably manifestations of a second phase of immunity, distinct from concomitant immunity. The baboon is similar to man and the grivet monkey in that in all three species immunity is slow to develop. PMID- 816219 TI - Use of immunologic techniques to detect chemotherapeutic success in infections with Fasciola hepatica. I. Rabbit infections. AB - Rabbits infected with Fasciola hepatica develop precipitins to adult worm heomogenates, as observed by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion (ID) and counterelectrophoresis (CEP). When they are successfully treated with a fasciolicidal drug such as rafoxanide at 5, 6, or 11 weeks of infection their precipitins drop dramatically by 2 weeks post-treatment, they are virtually negative by 4 weeks, and have no detectable precipitins by 5 or 6 weeks post treatment. The results suggest that ID or CEP can be utilized to show chemotherapeutic success in rabbits infected with F. hepatica and warrant further studies as to their possible application in human fascioliasis. PMID- 816220 TI - Immunological properties of antivenins. II. Univalent Naja haje antivenin. AB - A purified Naja haje antivenin was tested against Egyptian N. haje and N. nigricollis venoms, Indian N. naja venom, Iranian N. naja oxiana, Vipera lebetina, and V. persica venoms, and Echis carinatus venom from both Iran and Egypt. The different elapid venoms, with the exception of that of N. naja oxiana, showed a considerable number of identical and similar precipitin components by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. On the other hand, only a few identical and partially identical lines were detected when this antiserum was tested against the viper venoms. Cross neutralization tests in mice showed variable degrees of protection by the antiserum against the different venoms studied; there was no direct correlation with the immunodiffusion results. PMID- 816221 TI - Immunizing efficacy of a Kenyan strain of Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - The efficacy as an immunizing agent of the Kenyan strain of Schistosoma mansoni against challenge infection in rhesus monkeys was demonstrated. An initial exposure of 200 cercariae immunized monkeys against a challenge dose of 2,000 cercariae administered 16 weeks later. The penetration rate in rhesus monkeys was 99%, the same as in baboons. The prolongation of the time for immunity to develop in baboons, compared to rhesus monkeys, shown with this strain of S. mansoni is therefore not due to a reduced potential for immunization by this strain in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 816222 TI - [Content of certain microelements and enzymes in blood and tissues of the genital organs of healthy women depending on the phase of menstrual cycle]. PMID- 816223 TI - [Changes in the alkaline-acid equilibrium and gas makeup of the blood in newborn infants during exchange transfusion]. PMID- 816224 TI - Analysis of the phospholipid composition of Plasmodium knowlesi and rhesus erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 816225 TI - Fine structure of labelled axons in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei of rodents and primates after intraventricular infusions with tritiated serotonin. AB - The cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei in rats and rhesus monkey were studied after treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor and continuous intraventricular infusion with 10(-5) M serotonin-3H. Autoradiographs were prepared for light and electron microscopy. The cerebellum contained no labelled cells. Labelled unmyelinated axons arrive from the brain stem via the periventricular zones of the aqueduct and fourth ventricle. In the parafloccular cortex about 1 per cent of the mossy fibers are labelled, together with a small number of fine varicose axons in the molecular layer that run parallel to the folial axes (less than 0.1%). In the paravermal and vermal cortex there are few labelled fibers in the granular layer and a five-fold greater number of labelled axons in the molecular layer (about 0.5%). Apparently three systems of serotonin containing axons are present in the cortex: mossy fibers, parallel fiber-like, and a diffuse system in granular and molecular layers. The fastigial (medial), interpositus, and dentate (lateral) nuclei, lateral vestibular and other vestibular nuclei all have numerous labelled axons. The dentate and interpositus nuclei receive labelled fibers which arrive through the superior cerebellar peduncle as well as from the periventricular area. Six morphologically different classes of labelled axon terminals have been differentiated. Class 1a, the mossy fiber rosettes, and class 1b, the CAT2 axons, have small, round, clear synaptic vesicles and large granular vesicles (lgv); class 2 axons have a distinctive collection of round granular vesicles; class 3 boutons have numerous tubular profiles, a few containing dense dots, packed in a dark axoplasmic matrix; class 4 axons have tiny 250 A granular vesicles, clear tubular profiles and occasional LGV; class 5 terminals have numerous LGV, both round and elongated, with clear round and tubular profiles; class 6 terminals have LGV, clear and granular synaptic vesicles and clear tubular profiles. All these axons have LGV 900 A in diameter with 500-600 A variably dense centers that do not fill the vesicle, and Gray's type 1 axodendritic or axasomatic synapses on postsynaptic locations in the cortex and nuclei. Labelled axons in the cortex end as mossy fibers upon granule cell dendrites in glomeruli (Class 1a) or upon dendrites of cortical interneurons, e.g. Golgi cells, basket and stellate cells, and not on Purkinje cells. ... PMID- 816226 TI - The use of ultraviolet light to induce melanogenesis in the epidermis of the rhesus monkey: an ultrastructural and biochemical study. AB - The general body epidermis of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) contains no discernible melanocytes, but after repeated ultraviolet irradiation DOPA-positive melanocytes appear and increase numerically up to 30 exposures. With continued irradiation, however, the number again declines. Experiments to determine how melanogenic activity, assayed by the incorporation of labeled DOPA or tyrosine, is related to DOPA positivity indicated that biochemical activity corresponded to the histochemical pattern. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that after the exposure to ultraviolet light a pool of indeterminate cells in the skin of rhesus monkeys developed into malanocytes. The melanosomes formed by these cells, however, differed from the eumelanin melanosomes described in other species; they had no internal filamentous matrix with periodicity but appeared similar to phaeomelanin melanosomes. Long term ultraviolet light irradiation may damage keratinocytes and render them incapable of phagocytizing melanosomes. PMID- 816227 TI - [Use of amino acid solution 1461 A.N. in the postoperative period]. PMID- 816228 TI - Chemistry and biochemistry of unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 816229 TI - Sequence analysis of polypeptides and proteins by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry. PMID- 816230 TI - Evolution and taxonomy in the genus Brucella: concepts on the origins of the contemporary species. AB - The flow of thought on evolution of the organisms in the genus Brucella was traced through the literature. The finding of Brucella suis type 2 in hares provided impetus for much speculation on the changeability of species characteristics. Recent reports, largely by Soviet investigators, focus on the subjects of the sweep of evolution in this genus through eons of the geologic time scale and also on the possible parentages of the recently discovered species. These papers were translated and pertinent details were discussed. PMID- 816232 TI - Evolution and taxonomy in the genus Brucella: steroid hormone induction of filterable forms with altered characteristics after reversion. AB - Several strains of Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella melitensis were exposed to physiologic concentrations of testosterone, progesterone, and diethylstilbestrol by incorporating them into the growth medium. The hormones induced Brucella to form cell wall-defective organisms, including filterable forms. The filterable forms from 1 strain of B melitensis had altered characteristics when it reverted to growth as an intact cell. This is the 1st reported instance of induction of filterable forms of Brucella by progesterone, testosterone, and diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 816231 TI - Evolution and taxonomy in the genus Brucella: contemporary evolutionary status of the species Brucella abortus. AB - The biotypes in the species Brucella abortus were arranged according to the sequential flow in the alterations of their characteristics. This reordering of the biotypes indicated that the organism currently classified as B abortus type 2 is the parent organism of all the biotypes in this species. However, laboratory selected mutants from B abortus type 2 had characteristics that were mimetic, but not duplicative, of their naturally occuring counterparts. Evidence which indicates this phenomenon is related to permeability of the cell wall is presented and discussed. PMID- 816233 TI - Evolution and taxonomy in the genus Brucella: progesterone induction of filterable forms of Brucella abortus type 2 with revertant characteristics essentially indistinguishable in vitro from those of Brucella ovis. AB - An organism essentially indistinguishable from Brucella ovis, as determined by conventional and manometric techniques of identifying Brucella organisms, was derived in vitro from a strain of Brucella abortus type 2. The basic mechanism responsible for derivation of this organism was incomplete reversion of the L forms to their original parental characteristics. The agent used to induce the L forms was a physiologic concentration of progesterone incorporated in the growth medium. PMID- 816234 TI - Hominids in Africa. PMID- 816235 TI - Liquefaction of caseous foci in tuberculosis. PMID- 816236 TI - Distribution of mycobacteria grown in vivo in the organs of intravenously infected mice. AB - Suspensions of 35-day-old Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv prepared from stirred liquid cultures and injected intravenously into CD-1 mice accumulated in the lungs at a significantly higher concentration that that seen with logarithmically growing cells. Mice were infected with logarithmic 8-day-old or stationary phase 35-day-old suspensions of H37Rv, and 24 hours later, the bacilli within pooled lung and splenic homogenates were recovered by differential centrifugation. The bacilli were then homogenized in Tween saline and injected intravenously into fresh mice. The partitioning of the 4 inocula into the lungs and spleens of the secondary recipients was compared to that for the original suspensions grown in vitro. There was a significant increase in the number of lung-adapted H37Rv that could again be recovered from the lungs of the secondary recipients compared to that observed for the corresponding splenic preparations. This effect was not due to bacterial clumping or to size differences in the organisms grown in vivo. Homogenation of H37Rv with normal lung increased the relative accumulation of viable bacilli in the lungs compared to the spleens of recipient mice. PMID- 816237 TI - An aspergillus immunodiffusion test in the early diagnosis of aspergillosis in adult leukemia patients. AB - An Aspergillus fumigatus immunodiffusion test was performed biweekly for one year on 80 hospitalized patients with acute leukemia to determine if serologic conversion accompanied clinical aspergillosis. A micro-ouchterlony technique with agarose was used. The antigens were prepared from concentrated A. fumigatus culture filtrates and the sera were concentrated 3-fold before testing. Of 80 patients, 10 were proved at autopsy, lung biopsy, or closed space culture to have invasive aspergillosis. Six of 10 patients converted from a negative to a positive immunodiffusion test, whereas a seventh patient's weakly positive test became strongly positive. Three patients with documented aspergillosis did not develop a positive immunodiffusion test. Four of the patients who converted from a negative to a positive test were treated early and successfully with amphotericin B. A fifth patient developed immunodiffusion test antibody late in the course and died despite therapy. A sixth patient died of concomitant mucormycosis despite early therapy. Six additional patients who converted from a negative to a positive immunodiffusion test could not be evaluated because of inadequate documentation of aspergillosis. In severely immunosuppressed patients, our immunodiffusion test proved to be a specific but not always a sensitive test for aspergillosis. In 4 patients, biweekly tests showed conversion associated with invasive aspergillosis, which was diagnosed early and treated successfully. PMID- 816238 TI - [Study on the instantaneous heart rate during intrauterine transfusion in the fetal hemolytic disease due to Rh]. PMID- 816239 TI - [Experimental studies on Gregarina ovata Dufour, 1828: macro and microsporocysts, parasitic specificity, lasting of the life cycle (author's transl)]. AB - The present study based mostly on experimental infestations deals with three questions related to Gregarina ovata, an Eugregarine parasite of Dermaptera: a) Gregarina ovata does not provide two patterns of sporocysts (macro and micro) as it has been thought until now. Through the experimentation, two species can be determined only by their mature gametocysts and sporocysts; b) The host specificity is not strict. Two species or even two genus of Dermaptera can be parasitized by the same Gregarine; c) The life-cycle, from ingested sporocysts to new sporocysts, is from 13 to 16 days for Gragarina ovata (species with large sporocysts) and from 11 to 13 days for Gregarian fallax (species with small sporocysts. PMID- 816240 TI - [Complications of diverticula of the jejunum and ileum. A case of perforation (author's transl)]. PMID- 816241 TI - Influences of movement detectors on pyramidal tract neurons in primates. PMID- 816243 TI - Higher functions of the nervous system. PMID- 816242 TI - Gating in sodium channels of nerve. PMID- 816244 TI - Respiratory sepsis: prophylaxis. PMID- 816245 TI - Opsonic activity in gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 816246 TI - Sepsis of urological origin: microbiological aspects. PMID- 816247 TI - Analysis of certain variables in the agar dilution susceptibility test. AB - This study examined (i) the activity of gentamicin added to agar in ratios of 1:100 and 1:1,000 to produce a final concentration of 1 mug/ml, (ii) the uniformity of distribution of gentamicin in agar in relation to the amount of mixing, and (iii) the effect of agar depth on the activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although the ratio of antibiotic solution to agar had no significant effects on activity of the antibiotic, the amount of mixing did. Agar depth had no significant effect on the activity of gentamicin. PMID- 816248 TI - Comparative in vitro evaluation of the effects of ticarcillin and carbenicillin upon Psuedomonas aeruginosa. AB - An in vitro comparison of the effects of ticarcillin and carbenicillin was performed upon 164 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The two drugs displayed nearly identical inhibitory activities: for each, about 82.5% of the strains were inhibited by doses of 256 mug/ml or less. A low bactericidal activity was also observed. Strains of P. aeruginosa that were highly resistant to carbenicillin were also resistant to ticarcillin. PMID- 816249 TI - Activity of four cephalosporin antibiotics in vitro against bovine udder pathogens and pathogenic bacteria isolated from newborn calves. AB - The in vitro activity of chephaloridine, cephalexin, cefatrizine (BL-S640), and cephapirin (BL-P-1322) was evaluated by the serial dilution method against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine udders and neonatal calf diseases. Cephapirin showed the comparatively greatest activity against the most common streptococcal species associated with bovine mastitis, whereas cephaloridine exhibited the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Cefatrizine was more active than the other cephalosporins against the gram negative bacteria studied. In general, the minimal bactericidal concentration of each cephalosporin was two- to fourfold lower than the comparative value reported in the literature against the same type of pathogen of human origin. PMID- 816250 TI - Emergence of gentamicin- and carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital environment. AB - Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to either gentamicin or carbenicillin have been noted since their introduction into clinical use. During a 6-month period, twice-weekly cultures were obtained from all patients treated with either gentamicin or carbenicillin and from all patients with a positive culture for P. aeruginosa. Susceptibility testing to gentamicin and carbenicillin and pyocine typing were performed on all isolates. Organisms with a minimal inhibitory concentration greater than 12.5 mug of gentamicin per ml or greater than 100 mug of carbenicillin per ml were defined as resistant. P. aeruginosa was cultured from 238 patients. One patient was initially infected with a gentamicin-resistant isolate. In 11 other patients, serial cultures revealed the emergence of resistance to gentamicin. All but one of these resistant isolates occurred in patients treated with gentamicin. In eight instances the pyocine and/or serological types before and after the change in sensitivity pattern were the same. Gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa emerged significantly more often in patients treated with gentamicin than in those who did not receive gentamicin. Carbenicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa emerged in four of 14 patients treated with carbenicillin. Seventeen of the 238 patients were infected de novo with carbenicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa. Carbenicillin-resistant P. aeruginosa emerged significantly more often in patients treated with carbenicillin than in those who did not receive carbenicillin. No evidence was found for in-hospital spread of resistant P. aeruginosa. PMID- 816251 TI - Effects of some chemical factors on flagellation and swarming of Vibrio alginolyticus. AB - Vibrio alginolyticus strains recently isolated from Dutch coastal seawater changed flagellar organization when cultivated in the presence of certain chemical agents. On agar media with more than 4.0% (w/v) NaCl the number of lateral flagella per cell decreased with increasing salt concentration. Both on agar media and in broth cultures with 6.0-9.0% (w/v) NaCl, cells with polar tufts of 2-4 sheathed or unsheathed flagella were frequently found. Cells grown on agar media with 7.3-9.8% (w/v) Na2SO4 had drastically reduced numbers of lateral flagella, but lacked polar tufts. EDTA suppressed growth, but did not affect flagellar arrangement. In the presence of 0.1-0.3% boric acid or 0.05-0.1% aluminum hydroxide, cells in liquid media tended to produce lateral, in addition to the polar flagella normally observed in broth cultures. Of a number of surface active agents tested, Tween 80 and Na-taurocholate, even in high concentrations, did not affect flagellation. Bile salts (0.1%) and Na deoxycholate (0.05%) strongly reduced the number of both polar and lateral flagella. In agar cultures, Na-lauryl sulphate (0.01-0.1%) inhibited the formation of lateral, but increased the incidence of polar flagella. Teepol (0.05-0.2%) had a similar effect and also it had a deteriorating effect on the sheaths of the polar flagella. Concomitant with the reduction in the number of lateral flagella, induced by these agents, swarming on agar media was inhibited. PMID- 816252 TI - Mating reaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. VII. Effect of proteolytic enzymes on sexual agglutinability and isolation of crude sex-specific substances responsible for sexual agglutination. AB - The effect of proteolytic enzymes on sexual agglutinability of haploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. Sexual agglutinability of cells of both a and alpha types was lost on treatment with alkaline protease and two kinds of neutral proteases of Bacillus subtilis, pronase and alpha-chymotrypsin. Agglutinability of alpha type cells was lost after treatment with acid protease of Rhizopus chinensis and trypsin, but that of a type cells was not. These results indicate that the sex-specific substance responsible for the sexual agglutination (agglutination factor) in a type cells differ from that in alpha type cells. Agglutination factors were solubilized from cell-wall fractions of both mating types by Glusalase treatment. These crude factors specifically inhibited the agglutinability of cells of the opposite mating type with little effect on the agglutinability of cells of the same mating type. PMID- 816253 TI - Level of redox potential as a possible contributing influence in the pathogenicity of oral anaerobes. AB - Dental plaque anaerobes may be associated with the etiology of periodontal disease. This has created an interest in the potential pathogenicity of oral anaerobes. We compared the metabolic activity of anaerobic corynebacteria (C. parvum, C. anaerobium) and corresponding aerobic species (C. diphtheriae, C. xerosis). The anaerobes exhibited lower levels of RNA synthesis, ranging from 5 to 10 fold over the aerobes. We further examined these anaerobes, plus Actinomyces naeslundi N16 (isolated from the anaerobic region of periodontally diseased tissues), for the influence of redox potential on RNA level and antigenic function. Notable increases in RNA were found at specific Eh levels; the extent and direction of the changes varied with the different organisms. This environmental feature appeared to effect corresponding changes in agglutinability and PCA reactivity with antisera against the anaerobes cultured at different redox potentials. For example, while antisera against certain organisms (C. parvum, A. naeslundi) cultured under the most reuced conditions showed an intense PCA reaction, other antisera against the same organism cultured under less reduced conditions were non-reactive. Hence, alterations in redox potential may lead to alteredetabolism and to altered antigencity. Our results imply such a microbial response to environmental stress. PMID- 816254 TI - Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Purification, chemical and immunochemical properties of blood group-active glycoproteins from horse gastric mucosae. PMID- 816255 TI - Studies on calciferol metabolism. Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 hydroxylase in isolated renal mitochondria. PMID- 816256 TI - Sialyltransferase in fetal tissues: incorporation of sialic acid into endogenous and exogenous glycoprotein acceptors. PMID- 816257 TI - Juvenile hormone-induced biosynthesis of vitellogenin in Leucophaea maderae. PMID- 816258 TI - Early effects of excessive retinol intake on hepatic glycogen metabolism. PMID- 816259 TI - Some electron microscopic and autoradiographic results concerning cutaneous neurofibromas in von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - The cutaneous tumors of 5 patients with clinical symptoms of Recklinghausens neurofibromatosis were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Special reference was given to the study of initial changes of the disease and the structure of the nerve fascicles which end in the tumor. In 2 patients the proliferating cells were determined by using an autoradiographic technique. It was discovered that all cellular elements of a peripheral nerve are involved by the tumor formation. The results were discussed and compared with the alterations during nerve regeneration after traumatic injury. PMID- 816260 TI - Metabolism of 4-chlorobiphenyl by lichens. AB - Eighteen lichens from a variety of habitats were treated with 4-chlorobiphenyl (4 CB). All, as determined by means of radioactive tracers, were shown to partially convert 4-CB to 4-chloro-4'-hydroxybiphenyl. Only one species (Pseudocyphellaria crocata) produced a further major metabolite not previously reported, namely 4 chloro-4'-methoxybiphenyl. The formation of the hydroxyderivative by Cladonia rangiferina and Lasallia papulosa was proven by isolation and chemical identification. Difficulties in the recovery of both the starting material and the metabolites from Pseudocyphellaria were encountered. PMID- 816261 TI - Prolonged ingestion of commercial DDT and PCB; effects on progesterone levels and reproduction in the mature female rat. AB - A report linking human polycystic ovary with increased exposure to environmental DDT (Heinrichs et al. 1971) prompted the present study comparing effects of PCB and DDT or their combination on reproduction in female rats under more realistic conditions with respect to level (75 and 150 ppm), route of administration (dietary contaminant), and period of exposure (8 and 36 weeks). Evaluation of estrous cycle length, mating frequency, number and size of litters; as well as plasma levels of DDT, PCB, progesterone (P), and 17 alpha=hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha=OH-P), permitted comparison of short and long term reproductive changes from ingestion of two levels of DDT and/or PCB. PCB reduced plasma progesterone (p less than .01) while plasma 17alpha OH-P was unchanged by PCB or DDT. High DDT and PCB abolished reproduction. Histologically, distinct ovarian stromal changes accompanied 150 ppm of PCB, while increased numbers of more prominent follicular cysts were evident with 150 ppm of DDT. Although DDT and PCB generally reduced or abolished litter production, no treatment tested significantly altered litter size. Long term chronic ingestion of more realistic levels of technical DDT (85% p,p', 15% o,p'-DDT) in these studies did not lead to polycystic ovaries in adult rats comparable to those reported following i.v. administration of pure o,p'-DDT to immature rats. Plasma DDT levels above 800 ppb are clearly detrimental to reproduction, while levels below 500 ppb had lettle effect. Finally, we present the first evidence reported to our knowledge demonstrating that prolonged ingestion of PCB (150 ppm) markedly reduces reproduction (p less than .05) accompanied by significantly reduced progesterone in plasma (p less than .01) as well as by histologically characteristic ovarian stromal changes not seen with DDT alone. PMID- 816263 TI - Successful arterial substitution with modified human umbilical vein. AB - Human umbilical veins were prepared as vascular grafts by tanning with dialdehyde starch or gluteraldehyde and by structural re-inforcement with an outer polyester fiber mesh. These grafts were implanted in baboons in the aortoiliac position for periods of 3 days to 9 months. There was no aneurysm formation and there was an excellent maintenance of patency as well as function. Histologic evaluation of the graft materials showed a dense collagen layer within the encircling polyester fiber mesh. A multicellular subintimal layer formed a discrete inner capsule. The inflammatory response with the umbilical component was insignificant. There was no evidence of rejection. This study suggests that the modified umbilical vein can serve as a satisfactory blood conduit. Experience with three short-term clinical implants supports the applicability and potential for this new vascular graft. PMID- 816262 TI - Health effects of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and dietary sulfites. The fallacy of typology. AB - Some animal studies have shown that exposure to low levels of sulfur dioxide and dietary bisulfite is relatively harmless. To the contrary, sulfite oxidase deficiency is known in man, bisulfite is mutagenic for several test organisms, and the atmospheric SO2 level is positively correlated with death rates for several chronic diseases among some human populations. The studies reporting harmlessness for animals may be misleading because of the fallacy of typology. PMID- 816264 TI - [Review of the calory and protein content of the diets of low socioeconomic levels in Central America. Is there a protein problem?]. AB - The present study constitutes an analysis of the diets of children of low socioeconomic level in the rural area of two Central American countries to specifically determine whether these typical diets are deficient in their content of biologically utilizable protein. The study confirmed that the calorie deficit is of a greater magnitude than that of protein. The estimates of NDpCal%, that is, of the biologically utilizable protein expressed as percent of the total calories, allow to conclude that when these diets, bases predominantly on a combination of a cereal and a legume seed, are consumed in sufficient amounts to meet calorie requirements, there is no protein problem. It is proposed that the approaches to improve the calorie-protein nutritional status be based on previous analysis similar to the one undertaken in the present work. The costly supplementation of diets with "protein-rich" foods or the adoption of similar measures, are not justified except when diets have an unduly low NDpCal%. In the case of the populations studied, the recommended action is to increase the consumption of the existing diets as such, or even a predominantly calorie supplementation when their NDpCal% is higher than needed. These last measures would seem more feasible and less costly. The fact that the increased losses of nutrients due to infection cannot be compensated solely with protein is also stressed. PMID- 816265 TI - [Calorie deficiency in preschool children of the rural area of Costa Rica]. AB - Diets of preschool children from two studies carried out in rural areas of Costa Rica were analyzed to determine the relationship between caloric and protein deficiencies. On the average, a clear caloric deficiency was observed in the diets of all age groups considered, but their protein content was adequate. The individual analysis of the diets indicate that when caloric intake is adequate, the amount of protein is enough to satisfy the needs of these children. It is concluded that the dietary problem of preschool children in Costa Rica depends upon the quantity and not the quality of the diet. Implications of the effect of nutrition intervention programs based on erroneous assumptions are discussed. PMID- 816266 TI - [Atrial systole. Study of its role in the normal subject and in left ventricular insufficiency]. AB - In order to study the importance of atrial systole, the authors used different stimulus modalities at the same rate; they stimulated the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the two. The haemodynamic parameters were monitored by microcatheterisation of both right and left sides. A comparative study using controls and patients with left ventricular failure showed the improvement in the haemodynamic picture which was obtained in the latter group when the atrio ventricular sequence was correct. PMID- 816267 TI - [Hemocynamic role of atrial contraction in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. AB - The authors have studied the haemodynamic role of atrial systole in patients in the acute stage of a myocardial infarction, usually with left ventricular failure. Their main comparison is between the results obtained with stimulation of the right ventricle at a fixed rate and those obtained with bifocal stimulation, thus restoring the atrio-ventricular sequence. The authors discuss their results, and especially their findings of improvement in cardiac output and systemic arterial blood pressure. They raise the question of synchronous stimulation in cases of infarction with heartblock complicated by left ventricular failure, and also of re-establishing sinus rhythm in cases of arrhythmia of supraventricular origin. PMID- 816268 TI - [Radioisotope measurement of coronary flow with atrial stimulation in the normal subject and in patients with coronary disease]. AB - The induction of atrial systole by stimulation is a means of demonstrating insufficiency of myocardial perfusion, even where there is a normal coronary flow under basal conditions in a genuine case of coronary atherosclerosis. The method, which entailed the use of radiocardiography with potassium 42, was first checked for reproducibility. The coronary flow was then measured under basal conditions, and subsequently during or after atrial stimulation at 150/min. in a group of 50 controls and coronary patients. Under atrial stimulation, the value increases by an average of 15 per cent in the controls, and decreases by an average of 32 per cent in cardiac patients with vessels which are patent on coronary angiography. The coronary moiety of the cardiac output increases by an average of 27 per cent in the controls, but does not change significantly in the coronary group. After aorto-coronary by-pass, the coronary moiety of the cardiac output is increased significantly during stimulation when the by-pass is patent. PMID- 816269 TI - [Emergency aorto-coronary bypass. Indications and results in a homogenous series of 50 patients]. AB - Emergency myocardial vascularization through an aorta-to-coronary by-pass has been extended recently to acute evolutive accidents of coronary artery disease: either to its minor forms, as the menace syndrome, or its more severe forms, such as complicated myocardial infarction. This study aimed at a retrospective analysis of 50 patients, all operated upon as an emergency, by the same surgical team. The problems peculiar to any group of indications, and the practical and theoretical problems posed by extension of this type of emergency surgery were discussed. PMID- 816270 TI - [Evaluation of the results of myocardial revascularization surgery by exercise tests under electrocardiographic control. Correlations with control coronography]. AB - A myocardial revascularisation procedure was carried out on 68 patients with obstructive atheroma of the coronary arteries associated with severe angina pectoris. In 58 cases a total of 97 vein grafts were used, and in 10 cases the internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the anterior descending artery (using a vein graft in 5 of them). Before operation the patients had selective coronary arteriography, and a maximal exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. Three months postoperatively the patency of the coronary by-pass was checked, and a further exercise test completed. In the exercise test the criteria were the appearance of angina pectoris, improved performance (measured by the duration of exercise, the maximal power, and the heart rate at the end of exercise), and improved ECG findings. These criteria were correlated by the patency of the graft or grafts as noted at arteriography. There was no pain on exercise in 55 patients (81 per cent), the performance improved in 37 (54 per cent), and the ECG findings improved in 50 (72 per cent). At angiography, 34 patients (50 per cent) had a completely patent by-pass (group I), 31 patients (45.5 per cent) had at least one patent graft (group II), and 3 patients (4.4 per cent) had no patent graft (group III). Group I corresponds to 31 good or very good results and to 3 states on non improvement; group II contains 22 good results and 9 states of non improvement; group III corresponds to 3 states of non improvement. Exercise demonstrates the results of myocardial revascularisation surgery; the correlations between these results and those of graft patency justify its use in surveillance of coronary patients who have been operated. Exercise tests show that the best results are obtained in patients with severe functional disturbances and whose ventricular cinetics have remained sufficient. PMID- 816271 TI - [Aneurysms of the membranous septum. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Three cases of aneurysm of the membranous septum were diagnosed in vivo. The fourth case was discovered at post-mortem examination in a patient who had a conductive disorder. These four cases give us reason to review the anatomical, clinical, radiological and haemodynamic features of this condition. PMID- 816272 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary emboli and their treatment]. AB - Report on the present-day world experience on severe post-operative embolie. A univocal attitude was suggested in what concerns their diagnosis and their treatment, both medical and surgical. PMID- 816273 TI - [Sinus arrest: severe complication of intravenous lidocaine]. AB - Sinus arrest occured after intravenous administration of Lidocaine in therapeutic disage in a patient with coronary artery disease and sinus node disease. This complication of Lidocaine, though rare (this case is the fourth of the literature), induces to use this drug carefully in patients with sinus node disease. Temporary pacing is recommended if Lidocaine must be used in this group of patients. PMID- 816274 TI - [Atrio-ventricular block in Steinert's disease. Electrophysioligic and histologic study of the conduction system]. AB - An anatomical study of the conducting pathways was carried out in a case of Steinert's disease complicated by a complete atrio-ventricular block with syncope. Electrical study of the potentials in the bundle of His located the block within and below the bundle. When the patient died, an anatomical study of the conducting pathways was carried out. There were foci of fibrosis mainly within the conducting system, but these changes were moderately marked only, and seemed to be the final stage of a disorder which was not itself visible optically. The basic underlying pathological process is probably biochemical, and the lesions seen microscopically are simply a late sign of the disorder. PMID- 816275 TI - [Congenital atrio-ventricular blocks in infants. Histological study of the conduction system]. AB - The authors present a clinico-pathological study of three cases of complete congenital atrio-ventricular block in the infant. In one case the disorder was familial, and the heart was macroscopically normal. In the other two cases, the associated abnormalities (complete discontinuity of the aortic arch in one, and situs inversus with a patent ductus and high VSD in the other) were not responsible for the conductive defect. This was explained after study of serial sections of the inter-atrio-ventricular septum; these showed an interuption or absence of the penetrating portion of the bundle of His associated, in one case, with agenesis of the atrio-ventricular node. PMID- 816276 TI - [Value of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) determination in myocardial infarct]. AB - The biochemical diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based mainly on the enzyme levels of glutamino-oxalic transaminase (SGOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine-phosphokinase (CPK). The authors have compared the level of phospho-hexo isomerase (PHI) with the levels of the three other enzymes mentioned above in 20 cases of recent myocardial necrosis. From their study it appears that PHI activity follows essentially the same pattern as that of CPK, and has no particular advantage; indeed, it is limited by its later appearance and its lower maximum level compared with CPK. Finally, because of its lack of specificity, the practical importance of PHI measurement in the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction is small. PMID- 816277 TI - [Myocardial infarct in a 15-year-old boy. Normal coronary arteriogram; value of cutaneous biopsy]. AB - A 15 year-old boy was admitted for myocardial infarction, of spontaneous occurrence, complicated by atrio-ventricular block and cardiac failure. Three months later, a ventricular-wall aneurysm was demonstrated by angiography, and the coronary arteries found to be normal. Skin biopsy revealed very premature signs of ageing. The comments concerned the frequency and aetiology of these infarctions in adolescents, the pathogenic problems in relation with the absent coronary obstruction, and the interest of skin biopsy, the changes of which might suggest an abnormally premature ageing of the coronary artery wall, a possible starting point for thrombosis. PMID- 816278 TI - [Myocardial infarct due to diffuse arteriopathy of the coronary trunk in a 13 year-old child]. AB - A case of antero-septal myocardial infarction in a child of 13, presenting as syncopal attacks, is reported. Selective coronary angiography showed severe diffuse lesions of the anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery. Clinical progress was satisfactory over an 18 month follow-up period. The only biochemical abnormality was a raised serum uric acid, the significance of which is discussed. PMID- 816279 TI - [Pre-infarction syndrome involving the anterior interventricular artery. Therapeutic and diagnostic considerations]. AB - Based on the study of 25 cases, the authors define menace syndrome in the anterior descending artery (ADA) according to three criteria: angina of recent onset and rapid development, a major disorder of repolarisation in the anterior part of the heart, and a tight proximal stenosis of the ADA. Of seven patients who could not undergo surgery, three sustained anterior infarctions, and three died after 30 days. 18 patients underwent surgery to revascularise the myocardium by anastomosis of the internal mammary artery to the ADA; 13 of these were carried out as urgent procedures (an average of 26 hours after coronary arteriography). The functional results were excellent, and all of the internal mammary anastomoses studied at 6 months (9 cases) were patent. This study has shown that menace syndrome of the ADA is a surgical emergency, and that a procedure to anastomose the coronary arteries should be carried out immediately after coronary anteriography. PMID- 816281 TI - [Is coronarography justified in unstable angina? Experience of 130 cases]. AB - The many important features of selective cine-coronary-arteriography to show the coronary arterial tree are demonstrated in the study of 130 such investigations carried out in patients with unstable angina. Cine-coronary-arteriography shows up the extent and location of obstructive atherosclerotic lesions. Ventriculography, together with measurement of ventricular pressures, gives information about the function and kinetic status of the left ventricle. These two investigations which do not, in our opinion, carry a greater risk in these cases than in cases with chronic angina, allow a precise diagnosis to be made. The early discovery of major lesions before infarction has occurred allow conclusions to be drawn about the prognosis and the appropriate treatment. PMID- 816280 TI - [Discussion on therapeutic attitude in Prinzmetal's angina. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - 1. 46 cases of Prinzmetal's angina have been studied: there were 36 males and 10 females, with an average age of 54.6 years. 19 patients (group A) were treated medically, and 12 of these were followed up for more than 6 months (average follow-up period 45.1 months). 27 patients (group B) underwent a coronary by-pass procedure: 22 of these were followed up for more than 6 months after surgery (average postoperative follow-up period 21.6 months). 2. One patient from group A and two patients from group B died, one of them from postoperative renal failure. None of the three deaths could be attributed directly to the coronary artery disease. 2 patients from group A and 5 patients from group B had a myocardial infarction without fatal outcome. 5 of the 12 patients in group A and 16 of the 22 patients in group B were asymptomatic after more than 6 months of follow-up. 3. The treatment policy should take account: - of the prognosis of Prinzmetal's angina, which is on the whole better than that of an unstable angina pectoris of the common type; - of an assessment of the risks in each individual case; these are increased when there is a combination of risk factors for atherosclerosis, and/or severe arrhythmia with syncope, and/or persistant electrical changes in the territory of the anterior descending artery, and/or coronary artery lesions involving two or three major vessels. 4. Surgery is used if there is a failure of treatment with beta-blockers, which are used under cover of a pacemaker when there is a paroxysmal block. If medical treatment is successful, surgery is indicated in high-risk cases. PMID- 816282 TI - [Kidney parenchymatous hypoplasia and arterial dysplasia in adult arterial hypertension. Data of selective renal arteriography]. AB - Analysis of a further series of 125 consecutive unselected adults who were admitted to hospital with hypertension has advanced the study of arterial abnormalities and parenchymal hypoplasia, as demonstrated by selective renal arteriography, further in the direction of the parenchyma. An index of arterioparenchymal thinning is described. The authors list the features and incidence of polar arteries arising from the aorta (46%), polar arteries of non aortic origin (31%), stenosing dysplasia (26%) and other arterial malformations, as well as biapical hypoplasia (67%), monofocal hypoplasia (37%), and the main types of renal dysgenesis (30%) which they found. The incidence of these abnormalities confirms the previous study of polar arteries arising from the aorta, and gives much more extensive information on the topic of parenchymal hypoplasia in so-called essential hypertension in the adult. PMID- 816283 TI - [Chronic pulmonary artery thrombosis. Therapeutic modality. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Six cases of post-embolic chronic cor pulmonale are presented. All six were treated with thrombolytic agents (4 with streptokinase, 2 with urokinase), and in only one case was improvement maintained at the end of one year. Two patients underwent a disobliterative procedure of the pulmonary artery, together with ligation of the inferior vena cava. One of these operations was unsuccessful, and the other had a successful outcome, as confirmed by objective assessment with angiography, scintigraphy and haemodynamic studies. The literature is reviewed at this stage. It was found that the fibrinolytic agents had some chance of working only if the condition was less than a few months old. One major drawback to surgical disobliteration that cannot be foreseen before operation is the presence of thromboses at the arteriolar level in subjects whose main arteries are already blocked proximally. Nervertheless it is possible to obtain good results by surgery, and the operation is worth attempting in young subjects, given the poor prognosis of the untreated condition. PMID- 816284 TI - [Pulmonary embolism and preventive anticoagulant treatment in hospitalized elderly patients. Statistical study of their respective risks]. AB - Pulmonary embolism and preventive anticoagulant therapy of ederly patients in hospital. Statistical survey of their respective risks. The incidence of pulmonary embolism as a cause of death seems the higher as its strikes old people (above 60) affected by cardiovascular diseases and who are bed tied; the interest of preventive anticoagulant treatment (PAT) remains controversial. This matter has been studied over a period of 5 years from the files of a geriatric cardiology department; 455 anatomo-clinical documents have been set up. This survey confirms the frequency of mortality by pulmonary embolism (23,9 %) and its diminution under long-term preventive anticoagulant treatment 6,6 %). The anticoagulant therapy does not increase the risk of haemorrhagic accidents, from the point of view of frequency, but slightly increases it if one considers the number of days spent in hospital. As a conclusion, the preventive anticoagulant treatment seems positive insofar as contra-indications are strictly observed, in particular the digestive ones. The mechanism of some hemorrhagic accidents with or without PAT remains sometimes difficult to explain. PMID- 816285 TI - [Second degre Wenckebach phenomenon. Electrocardiographic and clinical study apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Study of atrio-ventricular conduction across the atrio-ventricular node using rapid atrial stimulation revealed a particular kind of block in 10 patients; the characteristics of the Wenckebach phenomenon were associated with a 2/1 block. One P wave was blocked, and the PR interval of the conducting sequence became progressively longer until the cycle was broken by two consecutive blocked P waves. By recording the potentials in the bundle of His, it proved possible to localise the conduction defect to the A/V node in 9 cases. The defect appeared in various clinical forms: atrial tachysystole, incomplete atrio-ventricular block, both chronic and acute, and atrio-ventricular conduction that was apparently normal. Study of the transmission through the node of progressively increasing atrial stimuli showed that there was a strong tendency towards diminishing conductivity which appeared to favour dispersion of the incoming impulses centrally within the node. PMID- 816286 TI - [Catheterization of the left heart by retrograde arterial pathway in children. Apropos of 100 explorations by femoral arteriotomy]. AB - A study has been made of 100 cases in which a surgical technique has been used to carry out aortography in the child. The patients were aged between 12 days and 14 years. 20 per cent of the subjects were infants. The technique which was used was that of arteriotomy of the common femoral artery; the artery was repaired by interrupted sutures. The advantage of this technique is that it allows prolonged arterial catheterisation, and therefore seems to be indicated in the complex cardiopathies and also in cases of stenoses about the aortic outflow. The complications and local problems were 6 in number. They occurred either in the youngest subjects, or in those with aortic stenosis. Taken as a whole, the results were very satisfactory. It would appear that in a paediatric cardiology unit, this technique has a place alongside that of Seldinger, with its slightly different indications. PMID- 816287 TI - [Silent mitral insufficiency caused by partial dislocation of a Starr-Edwards valve. Apropos of 2 cases with 1 being successfully re-operated]. AB - Silent mitral incompetence due to partial dislocation of the Starr-Edwards valve, leading to an apparently unexplained cardiac failure, has been observed in two patients, one two months and the other 35 months postoperatively. There was a fatal outcome in the first patient, no operation being carried out. Cardiac catheterisation with arteriography of the left anterior descending artery established the diagnosis, and led to a successful reoperation in the second case. It is therefore essential to carry out a haemodynamic and angiocardiographic investigation of any case who, after an initial trouble-free interval post-operatively, develops a deterioration of function which cannot be explained. PMID- 816288 TI - [Development of persistent atrial paralysis secondary to acute leukemia]. AB - The authors report a further well-documented case of long-standing atrial palsy, which they feel should be called "persistant" rather than "permanent", as "specific" treatment seems to have been responsible for its regression after about two and a half months. The case was one of atrial palsy with leukaemic infiltration of the auricles (acute leukaemia with paramyeloblasts), an aetiology without precedent in the published literature. Treatment with corticosteroids and antimitotic drugs resulted simultaneously in remission of the leukaemia and conversion to atrial fibrillation. Remission of the dysrhythmia is probably attributable to the specific treatment of the underlying pathology, which makes this case so unusual. PMID- 816289 TI - [Acute pericarditis caused by Rickettsia conori]. AB - A new case report of acute pericarditis due to Rickettsia conori, the seventh to be published in the French literature, highlights the following facts:--the widespread distribution of fievre boutonneuse, which is to be found in a wide strip around the Meditteranean basin;--the mechanism by which the pericardium is affected, which is probably auto-immune;--the criteria for the biological diagnosis of the Rickettsial diseases;--above all, the neccessity for prolonged antibiotic therapy, however apparently benign the disease may have seemed. PMID- 816291 TI - [Early repair of congenital cardiopathies under extracorporeal circulation. Apropos of 158 surgical cases under the age of 5]. AB - A great number of congenital heart diseases are now amenable to treatment before school age. A homogeneous experience of 158 cases operated upon made it possible to make the follow remarks:--The operative mortality before the age of 1 year remains high, in view of the difficulties of ressuscitation, but mainly because of the severity of the heart disease to treat. --Between the ages of 1 and 5 years, the risk decreased with experience, and for the heart diseases most frequently encountered, lethality fell to 2.8% for the last 4 years. One may thus accept to perform, not only necessity operations, but principle operations before school age. The schematic indications in relation with each heart disease were analysed. PMID- 816290 TI - [Transposition of great vessels with pulmonary stenosis and interventricular communication. Anatomic and surgical aspects. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - 10 cases of anomalous position of the great vessels are reported. They include 8 cases of d-transpositions, 1 of 1-transposition and 1 anatomically corrected malposition. These cases have in common the combination of a ventricular septal defect with a pulmonary stenosis. The anatomical study (6 of 10 cases) made it possible to describe the type of the VSD (related to a defect of development and/or alinement of parietal on the septal band) and of the pulmonary pathway stenosis. Blalock's anastomosis has made it possible to obtain an improvement in 6 patients. 4 operations of complete cure were undertaken in d-transpositions: 2 Mustard's operations ending in death. 2 operations according to Rastelli's principles with one death and one good result. The case of anatomically corrected malposition died after an attempt at complete cure, in view of a left ventricular hypoplasia. The indication for the type of complete cure was discussed in relation with the anatomical data. PMID- 816292 TI - [Interventricular communication with systolic occlusion]. AB - Besides the ventricular defects of the "muscular" type with normal pressure values and which close during systole, there are ventricular septal defects in which systolic occlusion might be explained by other mechanisms; there are accompanied either by a stenosis of the outflow tract of the right ventricle (14 cases) or pulmonary hypertension (1 case). The diagnostic data were described, based mainly on the haemodynamic and angiocardiographic study. The hypotheses concerning the mechanism of occlusion in these cases were verified either on post mortem or operative examinations. PMID- 816293 TI - [Long-term results of surgery in total abnormal pulmonary venous return in the infant. Apropos of 32 cases]. AB - Report of 32 cases of infants with total anomalous pulmonary venous return, operated upon, below the age of 9 months. There were three immediate deaths, and one which occured six months after operation. All surviving children were followed-up regularly, and the post-operative follow-up period exceeded 18 months in all cases. 11 children went through control haemodynamic exploration. These were ten excellent post-operative results, 6 were considered as fairly good and two bad ones. For some of them who were markedly improved by the first operation a second intervention consisting in closing the atrial septal defect left patent, should be foreseen in later childhood. PMID- 816294 TI - [Electrocardiogram after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - 207 cases of Fallot's tetralogy having undergone complete surgical correction have been studied in this work as regards the electrocardiographic changes induced by surgery. The observed anomalies were the following: --Intraventricular conduction disturbances --179 cases (86,5%) --Atrio-ventricular block --33 cases (16%) --Arrhythmias --29 cases (14%) --Myocardial infarction patterns --6 cases (2.9%). In the atrioventricular conduction disturbances, right complete bundle branchblock was most frequently observed (126 cases, 70.4%). In 22 cases, it was combined with left anterior hemiblock, the onset of which seemed to be favoured by the previous existence of a minor left anterior hemiblock. Of the 33 cases of atrio-ventricular block which started during operation or immediately afterwards, 13 will remain permanent, 10 of which were of a high degree, requiring implantation of an intracorporeal pacemaker in 8 cases. No case of block started later on, the cases of delayed block being in fact recurrences of transient blocks which had appeared during or immediately after the operation. The candidates to sudden death by paroxysmal block are therefore patients who had a transient block during of following operation, especially if they had besides bilateral bundle-branch block. The arrhythmias were on the whole devoid of danger. 6 cases of myocardial infarction (2.9%) were observed; their incidence is therefore not negligible. PMID- 816295 TI - [Abnormal origin of 1 of 2 pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta]. AB - In relation with 4 cases of anomalous branching of one pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, the main clinical, angiographic, physiopathologic, therapeutic and embryologic features of this malformation were reviewed. It appeared that the natural history of this malformation is a severe one, and only a corrective surgical treatment is liable to secure survival and cure. This anomaly was also encountered, very rarely, in Fallot's tetralogy, and two cases of this combination were reported. PMID- 816296 TI - [Origin of 1 of the 2 pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta. Apropos of 2 surgical cases with 1 being associated with tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - In relation with the report of two cases of branching of one of the pulmonary arteries from the aorta, it was recalled that this is a rare malformation, responsible for a severe cardiac failure with or without cyanosis in the first months of life, intensly suggestive of a left-to-right shunt. Demonstration of surprizing or unhabitual clinical or haemodynamic findings should indicate the performance of a right-sided angiography then an aortography, this being the only way to secure the diagnosis. Combination of such an anomaly with Fallot's tetralogy is exceptional. The clinical diagnosis is made more difficult by the presence of an anastomosis between the pulmonary and the systemic circulations. Only a careful analysis of right angiograms might make it possible to suspect the presence of an abnormal branching of the pulmonary artery, and to perform the aortography. The treatment is surgical in all cases, and should be undertaken early in life, as it is the only way to control the heart failure or to prevent irreversible pulmonary arteriolar lesions. PMID- 816297 TI - [Right pulmonary artery originating from the ascending aorta. Reimplantation in an infant of 4 kg]. AB - Report of the case of a 1-year infant, weighing 4 kgs, with a right pulmonary artery branching from the aorta combined with a wide patent ductus arteriosus. Reimplantation of this artery in the pulmonary artery trunk under extracorporeal circulation was followed by a spectacular result. PMID- 816298 TI - [Heart tumors in children. Report of 3 cases with favorable spontaneous courses]. AB - During a 14-year period, 8 cases of primary heart tumours were observed at Sainte Justine Hospital. Three of these patients had a favourable course without any surgical treatment. The age of these patients was respectively 3 days, 7 weeks and 6 1/2 years. In what concerns the first two patients, the clinical and paraclinical pictures were suggestive of heart disease from the onset. Catheterization and angiocardiography confirmed the presence of a tumour deforming both ventricular cavities. In these two cases, an attempt at surgical resection proved to be impossible in view of the extent of the lesion. Biopsy demonstrated a rhabdomyoma in one of the patients and a diffuse fibroma in the other. Six and four years later, the patients were still alive, and an improvement of both the electrocardiogram and of the cardio-pulmonary X-ray pictures were noted. A second cardiac catheterization showed an almost complete disappearance of the pathological pictures. In what concerns the third patient, he was a 6-year old child with a classical Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis with a localized tumour at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Three years later a control catheterization showed the tumour to have remained unchanged. Two conclusions might be drawn from these cases: 1 a surgical operation, although always indicated, should never entail a desperate attempt at tumour removal; 2 the prognosis should never be considered as lethal from the start. PMID- 816299 TI - [Ebstein's malformation in newborn infants. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - In relation with 8 cases, the features of Ebstein's malformation were studied in the neonatal form. In spite of its rarity, it should be recognized because of its peculiar prognosis, as it is liable to be permanently improved by medical treatment, after a difficult adaptation period. Besides, it is essential to distinguish it from other neonatal heart diseases which ressemble to it, but require an urgent surgical treatment. PMID- 816300 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm rupturing into the pericardium in a 10-year-old child. Temporary surgical success]. AB - Report of the case of a child in whom a marked dilatation of the ascending aorta was discovered at the age of 7 years, because of a symptomless systolic murmur, and who developed at the age of 10 a clinical picture of dissecting aneurysm. He was operated upon successfully, and was shown to have on operation a stenotic bicuspid aortic valve. There were no signs of fibrous tissue dystrophy. Death occured suddenly at the age of 14. PMID- 816301 TI - [Septal perforation of myocardial infarct. Progress and limitation of current treatment. Apropos of 28 recent cases]. AB - The emergency treatment of septal perforation in a myocardial infarction was markedly improved by pre-operative preparation of the patient by an intra-aortic balloon. If one excludes 7 cases in which the favourable immediate course made possible a delayed operation, 21 cases, severe from the start, were observed in the last two years: 8 patients, were thought to be operable with 6 successes. The type of the patient, the age, the associated diseases, the gravity and extension of the local lesions explain that this complication nevertheless still remains very often beyond the present possibilities of the medical-surgical treatment. PMID- 816302 TI - [Pre-hospital resuscitation and transport of cardiac patients. Apropos of 107 cases of primary transport]. AB - Report of 107 cases of primary transportation in ambulances especially equipped for coronary patients monitoring. The various delays of admission were studied and the complications occuring during transportation were analyzed, together with the various therapeutic methods applied. On the basis of this personal experience, and to attempt at diminishing the mortality at the acute stage of myocardial infarction, it was advised: --a careful information of the public, --a systematic training of the physicians, --a logic organization of emergency care. Only a coherent set up of fixed and mobile units might result in improvement of the prognosis of the first hours after myocardial infarction. PMID- 816304 TI - [Influence of the duration of development and of the size on the histological aspect of myocardial infarct]. AB - The morphologic patterns observed in 37 cases of myocardial infarction seem to depend on two factors: 1. The time factor, making it possible to contrast the homogeneous, simple or complex forms with the unhomogeneous forms, the age of which is difficult to assess. 2. The extension factor of infarction which makes the unhomogenous patterns very complex in the cases in which necrosis exceeded 30%. In other words, it seems that in these cases, histological examination does not make it possible to date with accuracy the onset of myocardial infarction, except in very early or very late stages. PMID- 816303 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris by physical loading]. AB - 21 chronic anginal patients (AP), 23 patients with an overall number of 37 aorta to-coronary artery by-passes (ACB) underwent a regular physical training (cycle, quick or uphill walking, gymnastics). The patients were compared to themselves in the course of a calibrated effort test, performed until angina occured or the maximal cardiac rate reached. PMID- 816305 TI - [Abnormalities of the aortic arch. Apropos of 30 surgical cases in children]. AB - Few large surgical series have till now been devoted to aortic arch anomalies. Thirty cases operated upon in 10 years at the Hopital Sainte-Justine are studied in the present work; they include: 8 cases of double-arch, 21 of aberrant subclavian arteries and 1 of aberrant brachio-cephalic trunk. In this apparently very complex embryological domain, a simplified classification, easy to remember even by the non-specialist, might be applied. There are no clinically significant differences between the various anatomical anomalies considered, the latter showing generally, soon after birth, by respiratory manifestations. The frequently severe spontaneous course requires an early diagnosis which relies on a simple procedure: the oesophagogram. A quick surgical treatment is then indicated, and the majority of our patients were operated upon in the early months of life. No post-operative death was observed and the long-term course might be considered as excellent in all the cases in which the malformation was alone and corrected early. PMID- 816307 TI - [Study of tetralogy of Fallot by echocardiography]. AB - Twelve patients with a Fallot's tetralogy proved by a haemodynamic and angiographic examination were studied by echography, a non invasive technique. The diameters of the right and left ventricles, of the left atrium and of the aorta were measured. The movements of the interventricular septum and the position of the aorta in relation to it were analysed. Moreover, by scanning of the left ventricle an opening was looked for in the septum. The ventricular septal defect together with a dilatation of the right ventricle and a more or less intense dilatation of the root of the aorta were found in all cases. In 10 cases, an aorta overriding the septum was observed, and this was the more obvious the older the child. In the two post-operative cases studied, the septum was found to be in line with the aorta. There are therefore echocardiographic criteria making it possible to diagnose Fallot's tetralogy. These criteria are the more obvious the older the child. PMID- 816306 TI - [Right bundle-branch block with left hemiblock in the acute phase of myocardial infarct. Prognosis and role of cardiac pacing]. AB - Combination of a right bundle-branch block with a left hemiblock was found in 38 of 590 patients with acuts myocardial infarction admitted to an intensive care unit (5.5%) was accompanied with a lethality of 51.5%. This severe immediate prognosis seemed related more to the degree of heart failure that to the onset of atrio-ventricular block. In 15 patients a pacing catheter was set "preventively". The late prognosis of the survivors was assessed after an observation period of 15.7 months. The efficiency of temporary pacing and its indications are discussed. PMID- 816308 TI - [Clinical considerations apropos of 51 cases of cardiothyrotoxicosis]. AB - A series of 51 cases of thyrotoxicosis gathered during a period of 6 years in a department with a cardiological orientation is analysed. This peculiar form of thyrotoxicosis is often unrecognized in view of its frequent occurence in aged subjects (which is misdiagnosed as "senile heart") and of the incidence in its causality of a toxic adenoma, the endocrine semiology of which is often reduced. In front of any case of heart failure of unknown cause, one should systematically think of a thyroid aetiology. A persistent sinus rhythm is not enough to discard it. A low cholesterol rate should induce to continue the investigation. The subnormal character of the classical laboratory parameters (including the thyroid hormone assay) does not always make it possible to exclude definitely the diagnosis. When the clinical picture is suggestive, only the radio-isotope examination with dynamic tests is liable to provide decisive data. PMID- 816309 TI - [Muscular work and its hyperemic phase in the patient with arteritis]. AB - Already users of a method of functional assessment of the muscular circulation in the patients with peripheral artery disease by Xenon 133, the authors propose a radical modification of the performance of the exercise test. A quantified exercise test leads to a new and more objective interpretation of the radio active tracer elimination curve. This new method permits the measurement of the total quantity of blood which passed during the hyperhaemic stage and its time distribution. The aim of this test is to form an opinion on the tenacity and the efficiency of the supplementary mechanisms when there is an occlusion of the arterial axis. PMID- 816310 TI - [Interpretation of the limits of survival during circulatory support in the dog]. AB - A total cardiac supplementation through a simple by-pass of the left ventricle was performed on hearts in ventricular fibrillation on 51 dogs not treated with heparin. The right-sided circulation was passive to avoid introducing added disturbing parameters. A bi-valved supple prosthesis was set in motion by a pneumatic pump regulated on the left atrial pressure and the arterial tree proper rate. The 44 cases which survived from 7 to 27 hours were limited by a slow and regular lowering of the blood pressure without notable decrease of the output. This lowered pressure was due to the action of the atrial and pulmonary mechanical receptors responding to a left atrial hypertension, secondary to a mild leak of the inflow valve. The mild haemolysis and the total absence of thrombosis should be related with the rate-regulation of the pump on the arterial tree rate, thus providing a maximal yield. PMID- 816312 TI - [Massive myocardial infarct with healthy coronary arteries caused by ostial thrombosis]. AB - Report of an exceptional case of massive anterior-wall myocardial infarction ending in death in a man aged 42, with no previous coronary history nor risk factors of atherosclerosis. Autopsy has demonstrated a thrombus obliterating the coronary artery ostium, penetrating into the first centimetre of the common trunk, while the coronary network was otherwise normal. The nature of this thrombus remains unexplained and did not seem to be of embolic origin. PMID- 816311 TI - [Myxoma of the left ventricle. Apropos of a successfully operated case]. AB - Left ventricular myxomata are exceptional (12 published cases). In the case reported, the clinical picture included emboli (cerebral and coronary) and syncope. Auscultation, the electrocardiogram and the phonomechanocardiographic tracings suggested an impaired left ventricular ejection, while the left ventriculography demonstrated the tumour and the coronary arteriography its vascular relationship with the right coronary artery. Cure was obtained by surgical removal. In that respect, an attempt was made to describe the clinical and paraclinical bases for the diagnosis of the myxomata of the left ventricle. PMID- 816313 TI - [Fenestration of the superior vena cava, rare form of abnormal pulmonary venous return without interauricular communication]. AB - The cases reported are about an uncommon congenital malformation. They consist of fenestration of the superior vena cava which presents as a left-to-right shunt with two origins at the venous level. Recognized during operation, one may avoid the complicated procedure of open-heart surgery and closure of the defect may be performed by direct suture on the closed heart. This rare malformation should not be confused with the high septal defects combined with anomalous pulmonary vein drainage (sinus venosus type). PMID- 816315 TI - Comparison of angiographic aspects and anatomical lesions of coronary arteries. AB - The coronary angiograms of 32 patients were compared with the anatomical lesions found during the postmortem examinations which were done early after the X-ray examination. The angiographic and anatomical data coincided in 81.6 per cent of all the coronary artery segments studied. The best coincidence was observed for the right coronary artery and the less accurate for the left coronary trunk (nevertheless, with 77 per cent good correlations). On the whole, the observer tends to underestimate the severity of the stenoses involving the large trunks (left coronary trunk and anterior descending artery) and to overestimate the involvement of the distal segments, especially if their size is small. Habitually, the errors noted are insufficient to modify the therapeutic attitude. Rarely, on the anterior descending artery, they have led to the performance of an uneccessary aorta-to-coronary by-pass (1 case) or to an unjustified conservative attitude (2 cases). Equally, over-estimation of a distal bed to a left circumflex artery was responsible for an abusive contra-indication (1 case). Thus, if on the whole coronary angiography is a fiable examination, it is necessary to resort to new incidences to improve its results. PMID- 816314 TI - [Coronary anastomosis. Angiographic study and statistical correlation in 140 patients with angiogenic coronary atheroma]. AB - A great number of studies devoted to coronary artery anastomoses on the experimental animal or on post-mortem material, while the in vivo studies are relatively rare. The results of these studies are often contradictory, and many questions are still unresolved concerning the part played by the anastomoses in natural history of coronary artery atheroma. On 140 patients, all suffering from angina due to coronary atheroma, a study of the anastomoses visible on coronary arteriograms was undertaken, together with a statistical analysis of the various correlations between the presence or not of coronary artery anastomoses and the various criteria, anatomical, clinical and electrocardiographic. PMID- 816316 TI - [Profil and course of complete obstruction of 3 coronary trunks]. AB - In a series of 4000 patients subjected to coronary arteriography, 12 were found to have complete obstruction of three major coronary arteries, an incidence of 0.3 p. 100. The clinical manifestations did not follow a typical pattern. Although 9 had a previous myocardial infarction or heart failure, only 6 were incapacitated by angina or dyspnea. Except for one patient, the resting EKG was abnormal. Half had a markedly elevated resting end-diastolic pressure and gross abnormalities of left ventricular contraction. In spite of surgery in 7, with only one operative death, a yearly mortality rate of 20 p. 100 has been recorded during a 3-year follow-up. This extremely low survival rate, the severe functional impairment in half of the survivors, and the subsequent high yearly mortality rate, all suggest that surgery be considered before complete obstruction occurs in patients with significant disease of three coronary arteries. A 10 p. 100 yearly mortality rate reported in patients with triple vessel obstructions, also favours surgery in such patients with the hope of prolonging life, providing good distal runoff and satisfactory left ventricular contraction are present. PMID- 816318 TI - [Upward displacement of the ST segment of an exercise electrocardiogram. Correlation with coronarography]. AB - 7 cases with upward displacement of the R-ST segment in the course of effort were compared with the data derived from the coronary arteriography. The lesions were found to be severe in 4 cases, mildly significant or not at all so, in 3 cases. The sub-epicardial lesion on effort, as Prinzmetal's angina, does not make it possible to foresee the degree of the responsible stenosis, which may vary through a superadded spasm, and encourage to undertake an aorta-to-coronary artery by-pass. PMID- 816319 TI - [Giant cell myocarditis. Attempt at interpretation, apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of giant-cell myocarditis were observed, and 63 comparable cases were published in the literature. On the basis of this material, the significance of this disease was studied, which was considered for long to be of "granulomatous" origin, while it seems to be a peculiar histopathologic type of myocardialgeneration. The cause for this necrosis remains unknown; in spite of as complete as possible investigations in one of the three cases (in which death was preceded for labile recurring lung infiltrates during eleven months) no cause could be demonstrated. PMID- 816317 TI - [Surgical treatment of severe forms of atrioventricular canal]. AB - Report of a personal experience of surgery in severe forms of artrio-ventricular canal. These include on the one side complete forms. They have in common clinical and haemodynamic characters which make difficult their recognition before their surgical exploration. In the forms with very intense mitral incompetence and equal pressures on the right and left sides, the indication for operation is often a delicate procedure. hen a marked felt-tto-right shunt persists, when there is no excessive peripheral arterial saturation when the PR/SR ratio is lower than 0.7, surgery should be performed. The middle-term results of the patients who survived the operation are on the whole very encouraging, and justify the resort to surgical repair, the more so that the spontaneous prognosis of the disease is often a severe one. PMID- 816320 TI - [Psychological problems in a coronary intensive care unit]. AB - A psychological investigation carried out by a psychologist was performed on 58 patients with myocardial infarction, initially hospitalized in an intensive care unit. The results were compared with those obtained in 37 patients hospitalized in the same conditions, but for different diseases. The manifestations previously described have been for a large part recognized: anxiety, indifference, regression, displacement of anxiety or its projection, depression, sleep disturbances, hostility, "surviver" or "Minotaurus" syndrome. A few practical conclusions are put forward concerning the attitude of the nursing team on arrival at hospital, on the style of physician-patient relationship, the duration of the stay in intensive care unit, the interest of interviews performed by a psychologist. PMID- 816322 TI - [Aneurysm of the superior vena cava, Apropos of 1 case]. AB - Report of the case of a seventeen-year-old man in whom was discovered in the course of a systematic X-ray examination of the thorax a shadow of the right upper mediastinum. The variability of the pictures in relation with the upward or supine position, suggest the diagnosis of a vascular tumour, which was confirmed by angiocardiography. Towards the end of this examination there was a cardiac arrest with coma, which was suggestive of the probable diagnosis of thrombo embolic accident, and the operation was undertaken under extracorporeal circulation. It made it possible to extract various recent clots and to perform a reconstitutive endo-aneurysmorrhaphy. The post-operative period was favourable, both from the neurological and haemodynamic points of view. PMID- 816321 TI - [Left juxtaposition of the atria. Apropos of a case with dextroversion, transposition of great vessels, bilateral conus, interventricular communication and pulmonary atresia]. AB - Report of one case of a woman aged 29 years with a severe cyanotic congenital heart disease complicated by brain abscess. The diagnosis of left juxtaposition of the atria combined with dextroversion, a d-transposition of the large vessels and a vestricular septal defect was done pre-operatively. An attempt at a Rastelli's operation was followed by immediate death. The post-mortem examination confirmed the pre-operative diagnosis and demonstrated besides a double conus and a pulmonary atresia. The juxtaposition of the atria was underlined. PMID- 816323 TI - [A case of aorta-to-left ventricle tunnel accompanied by electrocardiographic modifications]. AB - A new case of aorta-to-left ventricule tunnel is described in a young man of 20. The clinical picture was that of a typical and severe aortic incompetence combined with intermittent left bundle-branch block. During operation a typical aorta-to-left ventricle tunnel was found located above the right aorta Valsava sinus. The aortic valve was normal. The tunnel was closed at both extremities and extracorporeal circulation, which resulted in abolition of the aortic incompetence and disappearance of the left bundlebranch block. The literature at out disposal indicates that till now, thirteen other cases were described, since Morris Levy described the first in 1963. The anomaly might be corrected. On the fourteen cases, nine were operated upon, six of which successfully. We feel that the left bundle-branch block was probably caused by the mechanical trauma to the conduction pathway caused by the regurgitation, in view of the proximity between the left bundle-branch and the tunnel. Obliteration of the tunnel resulted in abolition of the traumatic effect and consequently disappearance of the left bundle-branch block. PMID- 816326 TI - [Cavitary pulmonary lesion, monoclonal immunoglobulinemia, peripheral vascular disease]. PMID- 816324 TI - [Georges Marchal (1892-1974)]. PMID- 816327 TI - [Pure spondylar dysplasia or brachyolmy. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of brachyolmy in a 13 year-old girl is reported. Growth retardation was detected when the child was 5 year old and became severe when 13 years. It concerned only the trunk, limbs being normal. Kyphoscoliosis, akromikia of hands and feet, slight facial dysmorphy with flat nose and thick lips were present. Characteristic radiological features were observed: kyphoscoliosis, platyspondyly with transversally enlarged and irregular vertebrae. Morphological changes of the other epiphyses were minimal: short and squat colla femorii and reduced size of the aleae ilii. Mental development was normal and polyvisceral examination unremarkable. No biological changes were demonstrable, mucopolysaccharides and urinary acids having been found normal. This condition may be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 816325 TI - Unidirectional inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Rhodospirillum rubrum by ATP. AB - The kinetic and regulatory properties of partially purified phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.3.2) from Rhodospirillum rubrum were studied. The enzyme was active with guanosine- and inosinephosphates and must thus be classified as GTP (ITP): oxaloacetate carboxylase (transphosphorylating.) In the direction of oxaloacetate-foramtion, the enzyme was strongly inhibited by ATP (Ki = 0.03 mM). ITP, UTP, CTP, and GTP were less inhibitory. The inhibition was competitive with respect to GDP or IDP, but not with respect to PEP. In the direction of PEP-synthesis, the enzyme was not inhibited, but rather activated by ATP. PMID- 816328 TI - Action of helenin on microorganisms. AB - The action of helenin on 10 genera of bacteria and yeasts and on 8 genera of dermatophytes was studied. The minimal inhibitory concentration for gram-positive bacteria ranged from 10 to 400 mug/ml, for gram-negative bacteria from 100 to 800 mug/ml, for yeasts from 200 to 750 mug/ml, and for dermatophytes from 50 to 500 mug/ml. Strains naturally resistant to helenin are very rare. PMID- 816329 TI - Ambisexual behavior with male-male anal penetration in male rhesus monkeys. AB - One pair of male rhesus monkeys reared in the laboratory with exclusive social access to each other during their second year of life were observed to display reciprocal mounting with anal penetration on several occasions. Their mounts were of comparable duration to those which have been observed in matching heterosexual pairs, by contrast with the brief mounts which are often observed in dominance interactions. The postures exhibited by the mounted male resembled those typical of females during heterosexual coitus, while the mounting male displayed the species-typical male copulatory position. Each male at times assumed either role. Ejaculation was not documented during these male-male interactions, although it may have occurred. Both males performed adequately with familiar and unfamiliar females (including ejaculation), but a preference test demonstrated that these males preferred contact with one another to contact with a sexually receptive unfamiliar female. These males displayed an unusual amount of affectionate behavior (by contrast with other rhesus males) including extended periods of contact with embracing and grooming. It is suggested that the relationship between these males was primarily based on mutual affection, although a sexual component was unmistakably present. PMID- 816330 TI - The Morison pouch. PMID- 816331 TI - Why control blood glucose levels? AB - The controversy as to the relationship between the degree of control of diabetes and the progression of the complications of the disease has not been solved. However, in this review, various studies suggesting a relationship between the metabolic abnormality and the diabetic complications are examined. The disadvantages of the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can be divided into two major categories-short-term and long-term. The short-term disadvantages of controlled diabetes mellitus include the following: (1) ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma; (2) intracellular dehydration; (3) electrolyte imbalance; (4) decreased phagocytosis; (5) immunologic and lymphocyte activity; (6) impairment of wound healing; and (7) abnormality of lipids. The long-term disadvantages of uncontrolled diabetes melitus include the following: (1) nephropathy; (2) neuropathy; (3) retinopathy; (4) cataract formation; (5) effect on perinatal mortality; (6) complications of vascular disease; and (7) the evaluation of various clinical studies suggesting the relationship of elevated blood glucose levels and complications of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that until the question of control can absolutely be resolved, the recommendation is that the blood glucose levels should be controlled as close to the normal as possible. PMID- 816333 TI - Morphology and morphogenesis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus. AB - Morphological characteristics of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Virus indicate that it is closely related to the Bunyaviridae family. However, there are some features (e.g. formation of crystal-like patterns in infected cells) demonstrating differences to the other known Bunyaviridae. PMID- 816332 TI - Viral pseudotypes and phenotypic mixing. PMID- 816335 TI - [Interaction of microorganisms with host cells during phagocytosis]. AB - All cells, including epithelial cells, are endowed with the capacity to absorb foreign particles. Differences in ultrastuctural changes, identifyed following phagocytosis of various pathogens and non-living particles, are rather of a quantitative than of qualitative character-they manifest themselves first of all in various time periods of development of a cytopathological reaction. At early stages of the interaction it is hardly possible to detect any difference between virulent and avirulent microorganisms, colloid and even inorganic particles. In later periods the difference is quite evident. Namely, the phagocytic particles, which are rapidly destroyed by the host's cell or stay therein for a long time undergoing slow destruction, are contained in vacuoles and are isolated from cytoplasm by one- or two-layer membrane; virulent microorganisms and cytotoxic particles, which rapidly destroy the cell themselves, in most cases lie loosely in the cytoplasm, and at the same time diffuse lesion of the membrane systems of the cell is noted. PMID- 816334 TI - Induction of diarrhea in colostrum-deprived newborn rhesus monkeys with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. AB - Diarrhea developed in five newborn rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) inoculated orally on the first day of life with the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Incubation period ranged from 2-5 days; virus particles were detected in stools in association with illness, and virus shedding lasted between 1 and 3 days. Virus derived from monkeys that developed illness following inoculation was infectious for other monkeys but did not induce diarrhea which could be associated temporally with virus shedding. Viral antigens were also detected in tissues of the grossly abnormal small intestine of an acutely-ill monkey. Serum antibody responses were demonstrated in two of the ill animals by complement-fixation and/or immunofluorescence. PMID- 816336 TI - [Myocardiopathies through electron microscopy]. PMID- 816337 TI - Heart block in Chagas' disease. PMID- 816338 TI - Physiological aspects of visual perception. I. Functional aspects of visual cortex. AB - The first part of the Bennett Lecture for 1975 is a description of the dissociation of visual perception in the macaque monkey by ablation of area 17 on the one hand, and of areas 18 and 19 on the other. Bilateral removal of area 17, with careful preservation of a great part of areas 18 and 19, and of the inferior pulvinar, resulted in loss of binocular fixation, loss of visual recognition of still objects, and loss of visuosocial behavior such as grimacing and vocalization. There remained excellent visuospatial orientation and reaching for moving peripheral visual targets. Removal of areas 18 and 19, with isolation of area 17 from the remainder of cortex, was accomplished in two animals and left intact the ability to distinguish and sort out still objects by vision, with intact fixation, and visuosocial behavior. Spatial orientation was then easily confused by movement. PMID- 816340 TI - Letter: Effects of hypotension on rhesus monkeys. PMID- 816339 TI - Physiological aspects of visual perception. II. The subcortical visual direction of behavior. AB - The second part of the Bennett Lecture for 1975 by Denny-Brown examined the subcortical representation of the dissociation of function described by Denny Brown and Chambers. Complete removal in the macaque monkey of the corticomesencephalic fibers where they pass from pulvinar to colliculus, and of the colliculus, resulted in the same loss of visual object identification, binocular fixation, and visuosocial behavior that followed removal of area 17. Vision for peripheral movement and spatial orientation ("panoramic vision") remained excellent, with release of catatonia. Conversely, unilateral electrolytic lesions of the mesencephalic tegmentum produced visuospatial distortion, asymmetry of optic righting, and directional difficulties in eye movement (Parinaud syndrome and skew deviation). When bilateral, tegmental lesions produced great constriction of visual field with release of convergence and fixation spasm. Suppression of peripheral attention resulted from perceptual rivalry. PMID- 816341 TI - Letter: Toxicity to livestock of the blue-green algae Anabaena circinalis. PMID- 816342 TI - Evaluation of broiler breeder flocks for nonspecific Mycoplasma synoviae reaction. AB - Serums from 65 broiler breeder flocks were evaluated for mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) antibodies by serum plate agglutination (SPA), micro hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), and agar gel precipitin (AGP) tests. The nonspecific SPA reaction in serum from breeder flocks was eliminated by diluting the serum 1:5 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, before testing provided that the MS antigen reacted with 1:10 dilution of the MS antiserums. The nonspecific SPA reaction was confirmed by negative HI and AGP reactions. Wehn specific MS reactions occurred, the serums showed a micro HI titer of 1:80 or greater and an AGP line, and MS was isolated from the upper respiratory tract of infected birds. Serums from experimental birds on Aureomycin, 200 g/ton of feed, were positive on the SPA test but were negative for micro HI and AGP tests. MS was isolated from these birds. Nonspecific SPA MG reaction occurred in many of the flocks which were negative by MG HI and AGP tests. PMID- 816343 TI - Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulins G and M of the turkey. AB - Procedures are described for the isolation and purification of turkey immunoglobulins. Partial characterization of IgM and IgG is presented. Purification was by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE chromatography. IgM and IgG had respective average S values of 16.8-16.9 and 7.4 with 5-20% sucrose density gradients. Selective absorption of turkey sera, containing Mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies, by heavy-chain specific antisera and antibody absorption and elution studies demonstrated IgM and IgG to have activity against M. meleagridis. Information is presented on the distribution of IgM and IgG in body fluids. Evidence for the presence of a 16.1 S molecule believed to be IgA is discussed. PMID- 816344 TI - Survivorship and gene frequencies of Drosophila melanogaster populations in abnormal oxygen atmospheres. AB - Vestigial wing and wild type populations of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to 5%, 20%, and 60% oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure. Adult mortality rates, larval production, and allele frequency changes in four gene-enzymes were examined in the populations. All flies in 60% oxygen survived as well as controls until day 20 and then died out within the next 10 to 12 d. In 5% oxygen, vestigial wing flies had mortality rates greater than the 20% controls initially, but the rate eventually approached that of the controls. Wild type flies in 5% oxygen survived as well as controls. Larval production and rate of eclosure in 60% oxygen were similar to controls, but reduced in 5% oxygen. Allele frequency shifts to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were observed in 5% oxygen, and a shift of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase allele frequencies occurred in 60% oxygen. There was no evidence of in vivo inactivation of ADH, 6-PGD, alpha-GPD or PGM in 60% oxygen. PMID- 816345 TI - Comparative studies of social behavior in Callicebus and Saimiri: male-female emotional attachments. PMID- 816346 TI - Anterior or lateral amygdaloid self-stimulation in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 816347 TI - [Sudden death after "Billigram" infusion in Waldenstrom's disease]. PMID- 816348 TI - [The life cycle of the Sarcosporidia. VIII. Sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovihominis in the feces of rhesus monkeys (Macaca rhesus) and baboons (Papio cynocephalus)]. PMID- 816349 TI - Chemical selection of mutants that affect ADH activity in Drosophila. III. Effects of ethanol. AB - A chemical selection scheme is presented for the isolation of rare Adh-positive Drosophila. It makes use of the fact that flies lacking detectable ADH activity die as adults or larvae on relatively low concentrations of ethanol in the medium. We have demonstrated that this procedure is a practical one by crossing two Adh-negative alleles, screening 1.5 x 10(6) embryos, and isolating 14 Adh positive survivors. PMID- 816350 TI - Genetics of esterases in Drosophila. IV. Slow-migrating S-esterase in Drosophila of the virilis group. AB - A slow-migrating beta-esterase (S-esterase) is described which has been detected in Drosophila montana, Drosophila imeretensis, and some stocks of Drosophila virilis when mixtures of alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate are used as substrates in histochemical reactions after electrophoresis. Sexual dimorphism for S esterase has been demonstrated. This esterase is contained in male genitalia only, predominantly in the ejaculatory bulb (waxy plug). It appears 3-4 days after emergence of flies. In hybrids between S+ and So species, the activity of the slow esterase is either decreased or inhibited. An autonomous synthesis of the S- esterase in the ejaculatory bulb was established by transplantation of imaginal genital discs into larvae of different Drosophila stocks. Based on analysis of physiochemical and immunochemical properties, S-esterase is suggested to be an independent fraction of esterase, possibly dimeric, which does not cross react with beta-esterase antiserum. PMID- 816352 TI - Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VIII. The alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in North Carolina populations of D. melanogaster. AB - Adult Drosophila melanogaster flies collected from populations broadly dispersed over ecological and geographic strata of North Carolina, and over a period of 4 years, were analyzed for alcohol dehydrogenase phenotypes by gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies in spring-summer-fall field collections were remarkably stable over all strata. Two winter collections exhibited contrasting gene frequency changes. In one case the results are interpreted in terms of long-distance migration from Florida, while the other is explicable by assignment of a causal role to environmental factors which accompany the winter season. PMID- 816351 TI - Two-nucleotide codon change in a hemoglobin polymorphism of the Celebes black ape (Macaca nigra). AB - A hemoglobin polymorphism involving variant beta-chains was demonstrated in the Celebes black ape, Macaca nigra. Fingerprinting and amino acid analysis of the tryptic peptides from the two chain types have shown that they differ by a single amino acid substitution, between lysine and aspartic acid, which requires a two nucleotide change in the corresponding codon. Another substitution in the same codon is found as a species between the black ape and that of other macaques. PMID- 816354 TI - Folate transport in Lactobacillus casei: solubilization and general properties of the binding protein. PMID- 816353 TI - Precocious development of glucuronidating and hydroxylating enzymes in chick embryos treated with pituitary grafts. AB - 1. Initiation of precocious development of UDP-glucuronyltransferase by an endogenous factor is reported for the first time. 2. This development occurs in chick embryo liver and kidney after grafting of the cephalic lobe of chicken pars distalis pituitary tissue on to the chorioallantoic membrane, and in liver results in a rise in the enzyme activity from virtually zero to ;adult' values. Aniline hydroxylase also precociously develops in the liver of grafted embryos, its activity rising from one-third to the full adult value. Specific activities of glucose 6-phosphatase, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase did not significantly change. 3. The response of the transferase does not require the presence of host pituitary gland nor, apart from 1 day's necessary initiation, the presence of the graft itself. 4. The host becomes competent to respond on the 14th day of incubation; response continues for at least 3 days after removal of the graft, and for 2 days in the isolated liver. Grafting of embryonic pars distalis younger than 17 days does not evoke a response in the host liver. 5. Secretion of the pituitary factor increases suddenly some 24-48h before the naturally developing surge in liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and may be responsible for initiating this rise in vivo. 6. The factor is probably not a growth or luteinizing hormone; its nature and the likelihood of a secondary hormone acting directly on the liver are discussed. PMID- 816356 TI - Functional arginine residues involved in coenzyme binding by dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 816355 TI - Inhibition studies of the enantiomers of beta chloroalanine on purified alanine racemase from B. subtilis. PMID- 816357 TI - Reversible inactivation of lactose synthase by the modification of His 32 in human alpha-lactalbumin. PMID- 816358 TI - Formation of needle-like aggregates in stirred solutions of hemoglobin S1. PMID- 816359 TI - [Aerobic bacterial flora in the bile (author's transl)]. AB - Bacteriological investigation was carried out on bile samples obtained during surgery from patients with multiple diseases of the biliary tract. This study, aimed only at the aerobic biliary flora, showed that the highest incidence of gacteria in the bile was found in repeat surgery for post-operative stenosis of the hepatic bile duct; second in order was lithiasis of the common bile duct. The antibiogram results on the bacterial species isolated are reported. PMID- 816360 TI - Cost of medical care in an experimental study of prepaid group and fee for service practice. AB - Enrollees in an experimental prepaid group practice did use fewer hospital days and more ambulatory services than did control enrollees. In spite of this, however, savings generated from this reduction in hospital utilization were not enough to pay for the increased ambulatory services provided. Mechanisms for cost control must be sought in areas in addition to hospital savings. Two such areas are preventive services of unproved value, and physicians' services costs. PMID- 816361 TI - Ethinyl estradiol: long term effects on bile acid kinetics in the baboon. PMID- 816362 TI - [Chagas-Mazza disease. Preliminary basic social study]. AB - Chagas-Mazza disease is an endemic infection of chronic evolution and is essentially American. Its transmission by vinchuca in Argentine has created a medical, psychological and social problem of great and important significance. The basic, preliminary and social study carried out in a hospital unit, showed in the population attended, precarious socioenvironmental conditions during childhood and adolescence and the almost total lack of basic information on the disease. Interviews, inquests, questionnaires, group actions, team work, direct dialogues, counselling and guidance groups and the guiding to specialized institutions, constitute a synthesis of the task developed which, in its preliminary stage, showed sufficient reasons to continue the control of health during pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and lactation. PMID- 816363 TI - Mutational studies of the drug-resistance of M. tuberculosis with special reference to p-aminosalicylic acid, ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin. AB - In the M. tuberculosis H37Rv and in the human tubercular strains isolated from patients, the localization of genetic determinants of drug-resistance to antitubercular chemotherapeutic drugs in current use was studied. Data obtained through the treatment of the resistanct strains with acridine dyes and ethidium bromide, and the analysis of irreversible elimination of resistance markers support the hypothesis of an extrachromosomal locus for the p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)-resistance and confirm a chromosomal mutation for the isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EM), rifampicin (R/AMP)-resistances, in all the levels reached in training or selected in wild strains. In the PAS-revertants recovered after treatment with mutagenic agents, a loss by degrees of resistance levels was observed. In a mycobacterial strain biresistant to PAS and streptomycin (Sm) the Authors were able to find a loss of the mono-resistance to Sm only. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of plasmid (s) having separate mutational loci for PAS- and for the aminoglycoside-resistance. These results agree with the previous studies in the field of resistance of Mycobacteria to specific drugs. PMID- 816364 TI - [Cristae of a triangular aspect in the mitochondria of the corneal cells (strain SIRC)]. AB - In rabbit corneal cells (SIRC strain), have been observed some mitochondria which, instead of containing the usual cristae, show triangular crystal-like figures as those previously described by other Authors in tissue cells of different animal species. Such curious geometric forms seem to derive from the inner membrane of mitochondria through a restructuration mechanism due to not very clear reasons about which some hypotheses are formulated. PMID- 816365 TI - [Plasma levels and biliary and urinary elimination of raubasine, dehydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine after venous administration in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 816366 TI - Proceedings: The reversal of the pressure inhibition of cell division. PMID- 816367 TI - Effect of protein deprivation and a reduced diet on the regenerating rat liver. AB - In rats fed a protein-free, calorie rich diet DNA synthesis is reduced, the mitotic index diminished and the proliferative response imparied. Nevertheless protein deficient hepatocytes retain a remarkable ability to hypertrophy and proliferate after partial hepatectomy. In pair-fed rats on a reduced semi stravation diet deficient in calories these same parameters are not only diminished but their onset is also delayed. Electron microscopy revealed that the glycogen in the liver cells of these rats was severely depleted. This depletion was considered to be a critical factor in the delayed response to partial hepatectomy. Both groups showed a marked reduction of organelles, especially ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Golgi complexes persisted and were conspicuous. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was promptly reformed following partial hepatectomy. PMID- 816369 TI - Preliminary taxonomic studies on the leprosy bacillus. AB - Antigens extracted from leprosy bacilli obtained from infected human and armadillo tissues have been examined by immunodiffusion analysis with serum samples from lepromatous patients and with immune sera raised in rabbits. Using the best combinations of serum and antigen extracts, 12 antigenic constituents were found in the leprosy bacilli. Six of these were antigens common to all mycobacteria and nocardiae, 4 were specific to the leprosy bacillus and the position of 2 could not be determined. Groups ii and iii antigens (i.e. those associated with the slow growing and fast growing subgenera of mycobacteria) were not found in theleprosy bacillus, suggesting some relationship with M. vaccae and similar strains, in which these antigens are also missing. Lymphocyte transformation tests performed on lymph node cells of mice infected or immunized with leprosy bacilli also showed the leprosy bacillus to have a closer relationship with M. vaccae than with other mycobacteria. PMID- 816368 TI - The non-passage of mycobacteria from Freund's complete adjuvant granuloma depots to arthritic joints. AB - The intra-articular injection of antigen after immunization with that antigen in FCA, the mycobacterial component of which consisted of live M. avium or dead 125I M. tuberculosis, resulted in identical chronic disease, experimental allergic arthritis. In the former case live mycobacteria could be isolated from the subcutaneous granuloma which developed at the injection site, and from arthritic joints into which 10 mug wet weight (equivalent of 2 mug dry weight) had been injected with this antigen. However, no mycobacteria could be isolated from other inflamed or normal joints. With 125I-labelled mycobacteria radioactive counting and radioautography clearly showed M. tuberculosis present in the subcutaneous granuloma but not in either injected or uninjected joints. The quantity of mycobacteria which could have been detected if present was estimated to be less than 1 mug dry weight. These results strongly suggest that mycobacteria do not travel from the granuloma depot to the arthritic joint, and that any mechanism one may consider to explain the chronicity of EAA cannot involve the physical presence of mycobacteria in the knee joint. PMID- 816370 TI - The patterns of fetal haemoglobin production in leukaemia. AB - Elevated levels of haemoglobin F (Hb F) have been foudn in a wide range of haematological malignancies, but very high levels were found only in juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia (JCML), and erythroleukaemia occurring in infancy. In both these disorders a reversion to a fetal form of erythropoiesis may occur, as judged by both the structure of the Hb F and by the disappearance of Hb A2 and the carbnoic-anhydrase isozymes during the course of the illness. The clinical picture of JCML is not always associated with a reversion to fetal erythropoiesis; there appears to be a heterogeneity of conditions with this clinical label. Thus the reversion to a completely fetal pattern of erythropoiesis seems to occur in a variety of leukaemias which start in early life. This change is associated with a uniformly bad prognosis. Of a group of 17 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia 15 developed an increase in the level of Hb F about 60 days after the commencement of treatment; significantly greater increases were observed in those achieving a clinical remission. The level of Hb F usually declined during remission but high levels persisted in a few cases. Increased levels of Hb F were found also in patients with other haematological malignancies who had undergone periods of marrow aplasia during treatment. In all cases the Hb F was heterogeneously distributed throughout the red cells. Analysis of gamma15 or gammaCB3 peptides of Hb F from a variety of leukaemias gave glycine compositions ranging from 0.20 to 0.85 residues with many values in the fetal range; all cases with a reversion to fetal erythropoiesis had values in the fetal range. Attempts to confirm the 'fetal' origin of the cells containing Hb F by means of other markers was possible only in the cases of JCML and in one child with erythroleukaemia. These studies indicate that in some forms of leukaemia there may be a genuine reversion to fetal erythropoiesis while in others the emergence of cells containing Hb F appears to be part of a rapid regeneration process occurring after a period of marrow aplasia. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these observations is discussed. PMID- 816371 TI - Amino acid sequence of rabbit light chains: variable region of a light chain from a homogeneous immunoglobulin raised by streptococcal immunization. AB - The variable region sequence has been determined for the light chain (L) from a rabbit homogeneous immunoglobulin (3547) produced by immunization with group A streptococcal vaccine. Unlike most immunoglobulins produced by these vaccines, this immunoglobulin had no binding activity for the group A polysaccharide nor for any of a wide range of streptococcal cell components tested, nor did it have binding activity for rabbit IgG. Tryptic digestion of the citraconylated L chain and acid hydrolysis of the aspartyl-proline bond at positions 109-110 were used to obtain two variable region peptides comprising residues 1-61 and 62-109, respectively. Automated sequence analysis of these peptides and the peptides obtained from them by complete tryptic digestion gave sequence data for the entire L-chain variable (V) region. Comparison of the 3547 L chain V region sequence with other data supports the observations that only two hypervariable regions are present in rabbit kappa chains and that the hypervariable region beginning at residue 90 may vary in length by as much as six residues. PMID- 816372 TI - Metabolic aspects of LPP cyanophage replication in the cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum. AB - Cyanophage LPP1G is reproduced at the same yield in heterotrophic conditions (dark, glucose) as in photoautotrophic conditions; aerobiosis is required for dark cyanophage replication. Exogenous glucose is not required for the cyanophage replication in the dark in heterotrophically grown cells. In photoautotrophically grown cells, the maximum burst size in dark and glucose is delayed for a period corresponding to glucose uptake induction. Cyanophage LPP2SPI replication occurs in conditions where only Photosystem I operates. Of photosynthesis parameters tested, only CO2 photoassimilation is affected during cyanophage LPP1G infection under photoautotrophic conditions. PMID- 816373 TI - Triacylglycerol lipase activity in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - An investigation of intracellular triacylglycerol lipase activity in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been performed using emulsified triolein as substrate. Bovine serum has been used as emulsifier since it was found superior to gum arabic and albumin with respect to reproducibility of both triacylglycerol concentration in the assay mixture and specific lipase activity. No extracellular activity could be detected neither with whole cells nor with water or detergent "extracts" of intact cells as enzyme source. With disrupted cells the level of triacylglycerol lipase activity at a triacylglycerol concentration of 9.6 mM, at pH 7.5, and 30 degrees C was 190 mumol free fatty acids per h per g disrupted cells. Fractionation of a cytoplasmic extract of disrupted cells revealed that about 70% of the activity was associated with membrane fractions and 60% of this activity was present in the mitochondrial fraction. Purification of this fraction was followed by an increase in specific lipase activity which parallels the increase in specific activity of the cytochrome c oxidase. PMID- 816375 TI - Light-stimulated synthesis of chloroplast DNA. AB - Light-stimulated chloroplast DNA synthesis was studied during chloroplast development in the absence of cell division and nuclear DNA synthesis. Incorporation of 32Pi was stimulated 10-15 fold, however, the ratio of chloroplast DNA to nuclear DNA remained constant. Isotope dilution experiments suggested that stimulated labeling of chloroplast DNA represented more efficient utilization of exogenously supplied Pi rather than stimulated turnover of chloroplast DNA. The low level of DNA synthesis and chloroplast development were resistant to nalidixic acid which inhibits semiconservative replication of chloroplast DNA. PMID- 816374 TI - Effect of substrate concentration on inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase of bull seminal vesicles by anti-inflammatory drugs and fenamic acid analogs. AB - Although microsomes of bull seminal vesicle synthesize prostaglandins F2alpha, E2 and D2 from arachidonic acid under suitable assay conditions, prostaglandin E2 is the only significant product at either low concentration of arachidonic acid or high concentration of microsomes. Studies of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro by anti-inflammatory drugs at both high (1 mM) and low (1 muM) concentrations of arachidonic acid, suggest three distinct mechanisms of inhibition. Benzydamine and flazalone are non-competitive or weakly competitive with arachidonic acid and, at high concentrations of arachidonic acid, they augment sythesis of prostaglandin E2 while inhibiting production of prostaglandins F2alpha and D2. Niflumic acid and the arylacetic acids naproxen and ibuprofen are competitive inhibiting all products equally, but with 100-500 fold greater potency at the low substrate concentration. The fenamic acids, indomethacin, aspirin, and phenylbutazone also inhibit equally all prostaglandin products, but are only 20--50 times more potent at the low substrate concentration. Studies with analogs of the fenamic acids indicate that the diphenylamine protion of their structure is essential for inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, whereas the o-carboxyl and m-alkul substitutents greatly enhance inhibitory potency. PMID- 816376 TI - Unique properties of the camel erythrocyte membrane, II. Organization of membrane proteins. AB - Camel erythrocyte membranes are distinguished by some unique properties of stability and composition. Notable is their abundance in proteins (protein:lipid ratio of 3:1). Membrane proteins of camel erythrocytes were compared with those of human eruthrocytes, which have been intensively investigated. Proteins were extracted with various aqueous media (EDTA, alkaline or high ionic strength) and with ionic and non-ionic detergents and were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. In membranes of camel erythrocytes, the peripheral proteins constitute, proportionally, a much smaller fraction of total proteins than in the human erythrocyte, while their distribution is identical per unit of surface area. The camel erythrocyte membrane is particularly rich in integral proteins and in intramembranous particles. The proteins in this membrane are more closely organized than in the human system, as revealed by crosslinking and freeze etching studies. It is proposed that protein-protein interaction of integral proteins, presumably constituting an "integral skeleton", is a dominant structural feature stabilizing the camel erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 816377 TI - Isolation of membranes from normal and thrombin-treated gel-filtered platelets using a lectin marker. AB - We report a technique for the isolation of plasma membranes from gel-filtered platelets exposed to thrombin, using 125I-labeled lentil lectin as an external marker. Labeled cells not exposed to thrombin could be lysed on a gradient of glycerol. Those cells incubated with thrombin (without external Ca2+) were made more susceptible to breakage on a gradient of glycerol-EDTA, and homogenized with a zero-clearance homogenizer. Lysates were spun on gradients of sodium diatrizoate. The membranes obtained from such gradients have been examined by electron microscopy and by assays for enzymes and 125I label. Membranes from platelets incubated without and with thrombin were found to be enriched as follows: lectin marker, 8- and 9-fold, respectively; phosphodiesterase, 9- and 12 fold; acid phosphatase, 2.5 and 2-fold. There is thus a particularly close correlation of lectin marker with phosphodiesterase, an enzyme characteristic of normal purified membranes. Monitoring for 125I-labeled lentil lectin appears to be a useful procedure for following platelet membranes during isolations from relatively small quantities of blood. PMID- 816378 TI - Glutaraldehyde induced alterations of membrane anionic sites. PMID- 816380 TI - Isolation and properties of serum albumin from the house mouse Mus musculus. AB - Precipitation of serum proteins of the house mouse, Mus musculus, by trichloroacetic acid and redissolving part of the precipitate in ethanol proved to be a very efficient procedure for isolating mouse serum albumin. Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic analyses showed only albumin to be dissolved at a detectable level in the ethanol. Electrophoretic studies also showed that isolated albumin underwent polymerization with the polymers being readily separated by exculsion chromatography on Sephadex G-150. Comparisons of such physicochemical characteristics of the albumin monomers, as extinction coefficient (5.2), sedimentation coefficient (4.5 S), molecular weight (67 000), free sulfhydral groups per molecule (0.6) and amino acid composition with albumins of other mammals showed strong similarity. Finally, a comparison was made between the common mouse albumin or albumin A, and a variant, albumin C. The two types of albumin molecules were found very similar in all respcets except electrophoretic migration. PMID- 816379 TI - Purification and partial characterization of human angiotensinogen. AB - Renin substrate was initially extracted from human plasma by (NH4)2SO4 followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-150, DEAE cellulose, calcium phosphate gel, isoelectric focusing and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the basis of one mol of angiotensin per mol of substrate, the purity of the preparation is in excess of 95%. On analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 8 M urea, the protein appears homogenous. In addition, the purified protein shows only one preciptin line against anti-normal human serum on either Ouchterlony immunodiffision or immunoelectrophoresis. The biological activity appears similar to "native" renin substrate since the Km is the same as that reported for the renin reaction in whole plasma. The molecular weight was determined as 110 000 by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; amino acid analysis of the human substrate differs from that reported for hog, especially in the Asp, Glu and Gly composition. PMID- 816381 TI - Purification and some properties of microsome-bound thyroglobulins. AB - The sonicate of microsomal fraction of hog thyroid was found to contain two species of proteins which reacted with anti-thyroglobulin antiserum and corresponded to 2 to 3% of total protein of the fraction. The two species were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, repeated sucrose density gradient centrifugations and separated from each other by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into S-mb thyroglobulin (the slower-migrating microsomal-bound fraction), F-mb thyroglobulin (the faster-migrating microsomal-bound fraction), and thyroglobulin itself. Amino acid compositions of the proteins were essentially the same as that of thyroglobulin. Mannose contents also were close to that of thyroglobulin while galactose and fucose contents decreased in the order: thyroglobulin, F-mb thyroglobulin and S-mb thyroglobulin. S-mb thyroglobulin had no sialic acid and no iodine at all. F-mb thyroglobulin was sialylated to an extent of less than 80% of, and iodinated to an extent of less than 50% of that of thyroglobulin, respectively. Antigenic activities of F-mb thyroglobulin and of S-mb thyroglobulin were qualitatively the same as, but quantitatively less than, that of thyroglobulin. Sedimentation coefficients of S mb thyroglobulin and F-mb thyroglobulin were approximately 1 S lower than that of thyroglobulin. All the properties of the thyroglobulin-related proteins suggested that S-mb thyroglobulin and F-mb thyroglobulin were the products by the sequential modification of thyroglobulin polypeptide in the pathway of thyroid hormone production. PMID- 816382 TI - Chemical and physical properties of peptidoglutaminase I and II from Bacillus circulans. AB - Some chemical and physical properties of Peptidoglutaminase I and II have been determined. For example, molecular weight, isoelectric point, intrinsic viscosity, partial specific volume, sedimentation and diffusion coefficient were 89 000 and 105 000, pH = 4.1 and 4.0, 0.042 and 0.065 dl/g, 0.733 and 0.728 ml/g, 5.85 and 5.3 S, 5.32 and 4.57-10(-7) cm2-s-1, respectively. Their amino acid compositions were also determined. Between them, peptidoglutaminanse II was a glycoprotein containing 2 mol of galactose and 11 mol of glucosamine per mol of enzyme. Both enzyme molecules were composed of two subunits with an equal molecular weight. N-terminal amino acids for peptidoglutaminase I were phenylalanine and valine, and leucine for peptidoglutaminase II. Both proteins were immunologically different from each other. PMID- 816383 TI - High activity of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation by human placental mitochondria. AB - Human term placental mitochondria oxidize alpha-glycerophosphate at an unusually high rate as compared to other substrates. The apparent Km both for oxidation and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) activity of DL-alpha glycerophosphate determined in a medium containing 2mM EDTA and 5 mM MgSO4 was approx. 0.7 mM. EDTA inhibited the alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation if the later was used at low concentrations. A subsequent addition of MgSO4 or CaCl2 restored the original activity. EDTA had no effect on mitochondrial respiration at high concentration of alpha-glycerophosphate. Possible physiological role of relatively high activity of human placental mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is discussed. PMID- 816384 TI - Purification of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A simple procedure has been devised for the purification of alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) FROM Drosophila melanogaster. The method involves substrate elution of the enzyme from a carboxymethyl cellulose column, followed by salt elution from agarose-hexane-AMP and DEAE columns. The procedure requires only 3 days to complete, results in high yield, and preparations that appear homogeneous by several criteria. A subunit molecular weight of 31 700 was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis in 10% acrylamide gels. This value is half that published for the native enzyme, confirming the homodimeric structure of this enzyme suggested by genetic evidence. PMID- 816385 TI - New experimental approach to the estimation of rate of electron transfer from the primary to secondary acceptors in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of purple bacteria. AB - A method for calculating the rate constant (KA1A2) for the oxidation of the primary electron acceptor (A1) by the secondary one (A2) in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of purple bacteria is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of the dark recovery kinetics of reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll (P) following its oxidation by a short single laser pulse at a high oxidation reduction potential of the medium. It is shown that in Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii there is little difference in the value of KA1A2 obtained by this method from that measured by the method of Parson ((1969) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 189, 384-396), namely: (4.5 +/- 1.4)-10(3) s-1 and (6.9 +/- 1.2)-10(3) s-1, respectively. The proposed method has also been used for the estimation of the KA1A2 value in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum deprived of constitutive electron donors which are capable of reducing P+ at a rate exceeding this for the transfer of electron from A1 to A2. The method of Parson cannot be used in this case. The value of KA1A2 has been found to be (2.7 +/- 0.8)-10(3) s-1. The activation energies for the A1 to A2 electron transfer have also been determined. They are 12.4 kcal/mol and 9.9 kcal/mol for E. shaposhnikovii and R. rubrum, respectively. PMID- 816386 TI - Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III by arylhydrazinopyrimidines. Novel properties of 2-thiouracil derivatives. AB - 6-(p-Tolylhydrazino)-uracil, 6-(p-tolylhydrazino)-isocytosine and 6-(p tolylhydrazino)-2-thiouracil were synthesized and compared with respect to their chemical properties, their activity as inhibitors of DNA polymerase III of Bacillus subtilis, and their capacity to induce the formation of a complex between polymerase III and template DNA. As expected from earlier studies of analogous hydroxyphenylhydrazino compounds, the effects of the uracil derivative were reversed specifically by dGTP and those of the isocytosine derivative were reversed specifically by dATP. In contrast, reversal of the effects of the thiouracil derivative required both dGTP and dATP. The unique capacity of the 2 thiouracil analog to mimic either purine deoxyribonucleotide appears to reside in its ability to undergo tautomerism between the 2-thione and 2-thiol forms, which can pair with, respectively, template cytosine and thymine. PMID- 816387 TI - Purification and properties of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. AB - RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase DNA dependent), EC 2.7.7.6) was purified approximately 200 fold from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV cells. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of about 330 000-350 000 and is composed of four subunits. The subunits beta', beta and sigma have molecular weights different from those of Escherichia coli polymerase; the fourth, alpha subunit has a similar weight. The purified enzyme is a thousand fold more sensitive to rifampicin, a potent antitubercular drug than the E. coli RNA polymerase, probably because of the difference in the beta subunits. This, with other data presented in this paper, indicate that the RNA polymerase of M. tuberculosis differs in its properties from that of E. coli. PMID- 816388 TI - [Preparation and characterization of glycopeptides from human monoclonal immunoglobulin]. AB - The carbohydrate composition of an human IgM myeloma protein (IgM Du) has been determined. Seventeen homogeneous glycopeptides are described and exhibit a very large microheterogeneity. They appear as two different groups : the first one contains only mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine, while the other contains N-acetyl glucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose, and sialic acid in variable amounts. One glycopeptide termed IX1, which contains 6 mannose and 1 N-acetylglucosamine residues is located on the terminal portion of the Fc fragment and its aminoacid sequence has been determined : Tyr-Asx-Val-Ser. PMID- 816389 TI - [Kinetic study of human immunoglobulin G fragmentation by pepsin]. AB - The rate of pepsin hydrolysis of the four subclasses of human IgG has been studied. The levels of undegraded IgG and of pep-F'c fragments have been determined by radial immunodiffusion using specific antisera against Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 domain antigenic determinants. This study shows that the four IgG subclasses have different susceptibilities to pepsin hydrolysis and defines the optimum conditions (times of hydrolysis) for the preparation of maximum yields of F (ab)'2 fragments and/or pep-F'c fragments. PMID- 816390 TI - [Analytical and preparative electrophoresis of basic constituents of troponin]. PMID- 816391 TI - On the formation of a ternary complex between lipase, colipase and micelles of amphipathic compounds. AB - Pancreatic lipase, colipase and 1-glyceryl octyl ether or lysolecithin micelles were shown to form a ternary complex probably resulting from the fixation of the enzyme to the binary colipase-micelle association already well documented in the case of bile salt micelles. Kinetic assays show that the colipase favours the lipase activity on tributyrin emulsions in presence of 1-glyceryl octyl ether. The UV spectrum of a derivative of lipase in which two 2-hydroxy 5-nitrobenzyl groups are attached to tryptophan, is distinctly modified by addition of 1 glyceryl octyl ether micelles in the presence of colipase. PMID- 816392 TI - Respiratory and phosphorylative activity of amphibian spermatozoa. PMID- 816393 TI - Absorption of antibodies from the baboon vagina. PMID- 816394 TI - Estradiol-induced differentiation of the oviductal epithelium in ovariectomized cats. PMID- 816395 TI - Estrogen-induced gonadotropin release in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys and its advancement by progesterone. PMID- 816396 TI - Effects of age and season on sexual behavior and plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations of laboratory-housed male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 816397 TI - Prostaglandin E1 specific binding in human myometrium. PMID- 816398 TI - [Comparison of the patterns of late thymidine-H3 incorporation with the distribution of G-segments in easily identifiable chromosomes of Macaca mulatta monkeys]. AB - A study was made of reduplication of readily identifyable chromosomes 1, 2, 8 and 9 in the culture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Macacus mulatta. There proved to be synchronous reduplication of the chromosomes under study at the end of stages S. Areas of late-reduplication completely corresponded to the G segments. PMID- 816399 TI - [Reactivity of the neuroglia in guinea pigs sensitized with Mycobacteria tuberculosis]. AB - The changes in the glial cell reactivity depended on the phase and severity of the pathological process in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced in guinea pigs by injection of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in a mixture of arlacel and vaselin. These reactivity changes measured by the method of inhibition of the glial cell migration in the tissue culture was specific of the nervous tissue antigens. The same changes in the reactivity could be induced in the tissue culture of the glial cells from the intact animals by the addition of sera or the lymph node cells from the actively sensitized guinea pigs. The present data did not allow to attribute the changes in the glial cell reactivity to the products of destruction of the nervous tissue only to the action of the humoral or the cell factors (elements) penetrating into the CNS from the blood vessels or the lymphatic tissue. PMID- 816400 TI - Experimental Pseudomonas pneumonia in leukopenic dogs: comparison of therapy with antibiotics and granulocyte transfusions. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was produced in dogs with radiation-induced leukopenia to study the comparative efficacy of several different therapies. In a randomized control trial, five treatment regimens were compared: no antibiotics or granulocytes (controls), gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day), carbenicillin (500 mg/kg/day), gentamicin and carbenicillin (same dosages), and daily granulocyte transfusion (minimum 5 x 10(9) cells/day) plus gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day). The most effective therapy was gentamicin plus granulocyte transfusions. Gentamicin alone was not significantly better than no specific therapy. Carbenicillin with or without gentamicin gave intermediate results. This study further supports the utility of granulocyte replacement therapy of infections in severely granulocytopenic subjects. The results also indicate that the relative value of granulocyte transfusions depends upon the specific antibiotic regimen with which these transfusions are compared. PMID- 816401 TI - [Inclination of the spinous processes of the cervical spine]. AB - The inclination of the spinous processes of human cervical vertebrae was measured on a series of 117 columns. The analysis of the biometrical data demonstrates a typology, probably correlated to the morphology of the skull. This study opens for discussion some accepted interpretations related to posture, in human paleontology. PMID- 816402 TI - [Action of cytotoxic drugs on normal hepatic tissue in the baboon. Immediate and late lesions]. AB - The perfusion of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of inoperable tumours of liver is used even in children. The experiment described here was planned to study the effect of three cytotoxic drugs (5. Fluorouracil, Methotrexate and S.P.I.) on the liver of healthy baboons. The drugs were introduced by perfusion through the hepatic artery. Liver biopsies were performed at the end of the treatment and 15 and 60 days later. In order to avoid acute toxic effects, low doses of the drugs must be given during the first five days. The therapeutic dose can then be increased and maintained for variable periods. Of the three products tested, the toxicity increases in the following order: S.P.I., 5 F U. and Methotrexate. PMID- 816404 TI - Inhibition of hepatic UDP-glucoronyltransferase activity by organophosphate insecticides and by carbon disulfide in mice. PMID- 816403 TI - [Chemical cancerization of hamster embryo cells in mass culture]. AB - For periods between 24 and 72 hours mass cultures of hamster embryo cells were put in contact with the following carcinogens: 7,10-dimethylbenz (c) acridine (2 mug/ml), benzo (a) pyrene (0,1 mug/ml), 7-methyl benz (a) anthracene (5 and 10 mug/ml), 3-methyl-cholanthrene (0,1 mum/ml), and 7,12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (0,05 mug/ml). The cancerisation of cells thus treated was demonstrated by hamster grafting as soon as 4 1/2 months post-treatment. By contrast neither the cells treated by benzo (e) pyrene (non-carcinogenic in animals) nor those of the two control lines resulted in tumours when grafted into hamsters even after culture for 8 and 15 months. These transformed and malignant cultures differ from the controls by their rapid uncontrolled growth and in their morphology. Moreover the morphological characteristics of transformation are evident as soon as 2 months after treatment and for the majority of the compounds studied well before cancerization is demonstrable by hamster grafts. During the course of the first 2 months toxic effects of the compounds are evident in the partial destruction of the cultures and by the appearance of colonies composed in part of cells in disorderly growth. The cells of these colonies when isolated and returned to culture do not survive beyond 4 or 5 passages. Moreover grafts of cultures at 30 days after exposure to carcinogens has never resulted in tumour in the hamster host. PMID- 816405 TI - Antiprotozoal activity in citrinin. AB - Citrinin has an inhibitory effect on growth of T. pyriformis. Citrinin also caused a shift to smaller cell size, particularly at the higher concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mug/ml). The mycotoxin exerted only a marginal effect on the respiration of T. pyriformis; but citrinin (25 mug/ml) induced an inhibitory effect on DNA, RNA and protein content. The greatest decrease was in RNA, while smaller decreases in protein and DNA were observed. A bioassay employing T. pyriformis was determined; the lower limit of citrinin detection was between 1 and 5 mug/ml. PMID- 816407 TI - Proceedings: A primate model of acute dystonic reaction to neuroleptics. PMID- 816406 TI - Organochlorine compounds in neoplastic and adjacent apparently normal breast tissue. PMID- 816409 TI - Letter: Alpha-chain disease cured with antibiotics. PMID- 816408 TI - Some remaining problems in the reproductive toxicity testing of drugs. PMID- 816410 TI - Treatment of overt meningeal leukaemia in children: results of second MRC meningeal leukaemia trial. AB - After induction ofmeningeal remission by a course of intrathecal methotrexate patients were randomly allocated to receive either cranial irradiation or craniospinal irradiation. Patients being treated for their first meningeal relapse were randomised separately from those in their second or subsequent relapse. All eight patients in their first relapse who were given cranial irradiation alone developed further meningeal recurrence (median length of remission 15 weeks) compared with only two out of nine given craniospinal irradiation (median length of remission at least 99 weeks). Four of the nine patients given craniospinal irradiation were alive and without further meningeal relapse two and a half to four years after treatment. Craniospinal irradiation produced no such advantage for patients entering the trial in their second or subsequent meningeal relapse. PMID- 816412 TI - Letter: High intestinal lactase in Pakistanis. PMID- 816411 TI - Bronchial reactivity to histamine before and after sodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. AB - Out of 19 patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma challenged with 123 mug histamine acid phosphate by intravenous infusion only 13 responded with a fall in FEV1 of over 10% (mean 16%). Seventeen of these patients were given histamine 2 mg/ml by aerosol, and all responded with a mean decrease in FEV1 of 37.8%. When challenged with allergen extract by aerosol the mean decrease in FEV1 was 37.5%. After 40 mg sodium cromoglycate 15 of the 17 patients showed significant protection against allergen challenge with a mean decrease in FEV1 of only 23.6%. Inhalation of 40 mg sodium cromoglycate, however, failed to protect against histamine given by either the intravenous or aerosol route. Histamine given intravenously to asthmatic patients produces less of a bronchial response than when given by aerosol, even though the intravenous route produces many more systemic symptoms, such as flushing and throbbing headache. The protection of sodium cromoglycate against an allergen inhalation challenge is not due to histamine antagonsim. PMID- 816413 TI - Gonococcal ribosomes as skin test antigens. I. Preliminary tests of sensitivity and specificity. AB - Ribosomes isolated from N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis were used as skin test antigens in guinea-pigs which had been previously sensitized with killed Neisseria cells in incomplete Freund adjuvant. Intradermal injection of ribosomes from skin test dose N. gonorrhoeae into the skin of animals sensitized to the homologous organism was characterized by a specificity based upon ribosomal skin test dose 50's (STD50) sensitivity which was at least five-fold greater than that of the animals sensitized to the heterologous organism. The sensitized guinea pigs had lost their skin-test reactivity within 3 months of the cessation of immunization but regained it immediately on reimmunization. The results of this model system indicate that gonococcal ribosomes may be used as antigens in skin testing or other testing modes in gonorrhoea. PMID- 816414 TI - Gonococcal ribosomes as skin test antigens. II. Precision Of the Method, Attempts To Identify The Ribosomal Antigen, and Correlation with The Macrophage Migration Inhibition test. AB - Gonococcal crude ribosome preparation was found to be specific and sensitive when used to elicit delayed hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized guinea-pigs. Gonococcal crude ribosomes possess the ability to react with humoral antibody in sensitized animals; thus, ribosomes may be of value as an antigen in a sero diagnostic test for gonorrhoea. Ribosomal protein or RNA, or gonococcal cell components including protoplasm, cell walls, and pilin, were less reactive than intact ribosomes. The ribosome preparation was used in an in vitro correlate of delayed hypersensitivity, suggesting that the human immune response in gonorrhoea might be studied using the crude ribosome in in vitro experiments with human peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 816415 TI - Direct immunofluorescent test for the detection of gonorrhoea. AB - In the course of 4 years we have examined a total of 1,100 women with chronic gynaecological complaints. The direct fluorescent antibody test was used successfully for the detection of gonorrhoea. In Group 1 (200 patients) we found 39-1 per cent. with gonorrhoea. In group 2 (220 patients) the percentage fell to 27-7 per cent, in Group 3 (220 patients) to 23-2 per cent., in Group 4 (220 patients) to 12-3 per cent., and in Group 5 (220 patients) to 11-8 per cent. By employing a consistent programme of diagnosis and therapy we succeeded in reducing the incidence of gonorrhoea in the Prague 3 District from 39-1 per cent. in 1970 to 11-8 per cent. in 1973-74. In all we discovered 251 female patients suffering from gonorrhoea, who would otherwise have escaped observation and registration. When patients are not registered as sources of gonococcal infection, special cultures are not performed as a routine, and these women would therefore infect the same number of men at least. The immunofluorescent method proved to be of great value. The direct FAT is a superior test; even in cases in which, because of damage by such factors as antibiotics, Neisseria gonorrhoeae does not grow on artificial media, gonorrhoea can be detected by this method. PMID- 816416 TI - Chlamydial infection of the male urethra. AB - Urethral specimens from 477 men were collected with endourethral swabs and examined for Chlamydia trachomatis by cell culture on McCoy cells pretreated with idoxuridine. Of these men, 141 had gonococcal urethritis, 262 non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), and 74 showed no evidence of urethritis. Of 118 men with heterosexually acquired gonococcal urethritis, thirty (25 per cent.), and of 23 men with homosexually acquired gonococcal urethritis, five (22 per cent.), yielded C. trachomatis from the urethra. Urethral specimens from 240 heterosexual men with NGU were examined, and 118 (49 per cent.) yielded C. trachomatis. Of these 240 men, 140 gave a past history of gonococcal or nongonococcal urethritis and 67 (48 per cent.) of these were positive for C. trachomatis; no past history was given by 100 men, of whom 51 were positive for C. trachomatis. Of the 240 heterosexual men with NGU, 81 had had symptoms for 7 days or more before examination, of whom 48 (59 per cent.) yielded isolates of C. trachomatis, and 145 had had symptoms for less than 7 days, of whom 59 (41 per cent.) yielded isolates. Of fourteen asymptomatic men, three were positive for C. trachomatis. Of 22 homosexual men with NGU, seven (32 per cent.) yielded C. trachomatis. C. trachomatis was recovered from the urethra in three (5 per cent.) of sixty heterosexual men without urethritis, and none of fourteen homosexual men without urethritis yielded C. trachomatis. PMID- 816417 TI - The in vivo activity of a smooth phage-resistant variant of Brucella abortus strain 19. PMID- 816418 TI - Brucella abortus infection in sheep. I. Field case. PMID- 816419 TI - Receptive field properties of single units in the opossum striate cortex. AB - On the basis of their trigger-features, 98 units out of 127 recorded in striate cortex of immobilized opossums, under forced breathing of a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, were classified into 5 receptive field groups. Group 1 units (20/127) responding to small stationary spots were shown to be made up of regions of opposite response type and mutual antagonism, separate by linear boundaries. The optimal discharge was elicited by a stimulus configuration consisting of rectilinear regions of opposite contrast positioned and oriented in the visual field so as not to elicit antagonism while maximizing the overlap with regions responsive to that contrast. To edges in motion these units were shown to be made up of light and dark discharge centers, the locations of which could not be predicted from the map to stationary spots. In addition to position and orientation, direction was another important stimulus parameter. Group 2 units (34/127) had uniform requirements of stimulus orientation, direction of motion or both, througout the receptive field. Width was rarely a significant variable. Three subgroups were detected: orientation selective, directional selective and orientation-direction sensitive. Group 3 units (18/127) required stopped stimuli. In most instances (14/18) this property was attributed to a suppressive surround with relatively non-specific stimulus requirements. Oriented and non-oriented responsive receptive fields were observed. Group 3 units with no surround (4/18) responded best to properly positioned and oriented wedges, usually of 90 degrees. Group 4 units (24/127) had uniform fields with little stimulus specificity and were often responsive to diffuse light. Although not sensitive to stimulus orientation and direction, motion was frequently a requisite for optimal responses. Group 5 receptive fields (2/127) had concentrically arranged regions of distinct response type which displayed mutual antagonism. No sensitivity to orientation or direction was detected. Twenty-nine units remained unclassified. Other group distinctions were the relatively higher spontaneous activity of group 4 units and the large field sizes encountered among groups 1 and 4 when compared to group 2. Based on their properties and receptive field type distribution, we propose that striate receptive fields in the opossum have a similar organization to those of other mammals. PMID- 816421 TI - Thalamic projections from the precentral motor cortex in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Radioactive amino acids were injected into area 4 in 7 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Ipsilateral corticothalamic projections were traced to Olszewski's nucleus ventralis lateralis pars oralis and pars medialis, the nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis pars oralis, the nucleus ventralis posterior medialis and inferior and to the nucleus reticularis. Some fibers appeared to terminate in the ipsilateral nucleus ventralis lateralis pars caudalis, the nucleus lateralis posterior and the nucleus subthalamicus. PMID- 816420 TI - Effects of tectal lesions on peripheral field vision in the monkey. PMID- 816422 TI - Fibers associated with brain stem self-stimulation: Fink-Heimer study. PMID- 816423 TI - Cerebral and peripheral inputs to interpositus neurons in monkey. PMID- 816424 TI - Short-term response variability of monkey striate neurons. PMID- 816425 TI - Meridional differences in orientation sensitivity in monkey striate cortex. PMID- 816426 TI - Inactivation of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) by peptidases in different areas of the rabbit brain. PMID- 816427 TI - Connections of the nucleus accumbens. AB - Reports from previous works has given different classifications for the nucleus accumbens. There also appears to be a general lack of information regarding the fiber connections of the nucleus. The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the connections of this structure. Silver impregnation methods were used to discern some of the afferent fibers of the nucleus, and autoradiographic techniques were used to locate target areas of efferent projections. Afferents were found to be predominately from the septum. Other sources of possible afferents were the mid cingulate gyrus and the ventral nucleus of the diagonal band. No argyrophilia was observed in the nucleus accumbens following transection of the fornix body, lesions of the anterior orbital frontal cortex or anterior cingulate gyrus. On the basis of grain counts made from autoradiographic studies, the nucleus accumbens projects predominately to the lateral hypothalamus. Counts above background were found in the cingulate gyrus, septum, ventral nucleus of the diagonal band, midline thalamic nuclei, habenula, caudate and substantia nigra. Thus, efferent projections appear to distribute to both limbic and extrapyramidal structures. Considering these connections and the functions reported by various workers the nucleus accumbens may serve as bridge between limbic and extrapyramidal motor systems effecting limbic influence in some movements. PMID- 816428 TI - Role of proprioceptive data in performance of a complex visuomotor tracking task. PMID- 816429 TI - Editorial: Unproven methods of cancer management: hydrazine sulfate. PMID- 816430 TI - Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (1899- ). PMID- 816431 TI - A modification of Jerne's theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection. PMID- 816432 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and cancer. PMID- 816433 TI - Rehabilitation of the postmastectomy patient with lymphedema. PMID- 816434 TI - Primary cutaneous melanoma: a report from the Queensland melanoma project. PMID- 816435 TI - Evidence for Ca2+-activated K+ conductance in cat spinal motoneurons from intracellular EGTA injections. AB - Ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, injected by iontophoresis from triple-barrelled intracellular micropipettes, consistently raised the membrane resistance and depressed the post-spike after hyperpolarization (AHP), but did not slow the falling phase of the action potential. [Ca2+]i-activated K+ channels appear to play a significant role in the genesis of the AHP and in the control of the resting potential, but not in the repolarization phase of the action potential. PMID- 816436 TI - Enchanced in vitro hepatic glucuronidation of thyroxine in rats following cutaneous application or ingestion of polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - In rats four daily skin application of a 30% solution of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture in mineral oil or of a microscope immersion oil, containing 34% PCB, led to increases in liver weight, protein concentration of the 10 000 X g supernatant fluid of liver homogenates and the in vitro glucuronidation of thyroxine (T4) by the supernatant fluid, whether related to liver weight or to protein concentration in the reaction mixture. Similar effects occurred after feeding 250 ppm (mg/kg) of PCB in either Purina chow or a low iodine diet for 11 days. It is concluded that increased hepatic T4 glucuronidation contributes to the enhanced biliary excretion of T4 previously observed in PCB-treated rats. PMID- 816437 TI - Properties of ribonucleic acids from photosynthetic and heterotrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Rifampicin causes an initial rapid breakdown of about 30% of the pulse-labeled RNA in both photosynthetic and heterotrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum. An additional degradation of RNA has been observed in the heterotrophic, but not in the photosynthetic cells at a later stage of rifampicin treatment. This secondary RNA degradation is probably caused by breakdown of ribosomal RNA, especially of the 23S species, as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses. No qualitative difference between the pulse-labeled RNA species in photosynthetic and heterotrophic cells can be detected by the DNA-RNA hybridization competition technique. PMID- 816438 TI - Alteration of growth, infectivity, and viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by gonadal steroids. AB - This report concerns the interaction of gonadal steroids with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Growth of gonococci in nutrient broth was inhibited by testosterone propionate at 20 and 40 mug/ml, and by testosterone and 19-nortestosterone at 40 mug/ml. Progesterone was more effective than the three androgens; concentrations as low as 1 mug/ml significantly inhibited growth. A specific relationship of the degree of growth inhibition to the quantity of organisms present was apparent. In addition, progesterone influenced gonococcal virulence. Inoculation of chick embryos with untreated organisms produced a 73% mortality, whereas inoculation of hormonally treated organisms produced a 34% mortality. Progesterone appeared to retard optimal cell functioning. Studies on the viability of gonococci in nutrient broth indicated a steroidal enhancement of survival. In control suspensions, viable organisms were detected for 15 days; in suspensions containing progesterone at 10 mug/ml, viable gonococci were detected for 25 days. Hormonally treated bacteria that had remained viable for 22 days retained virulence for chick embryos. The data are discussed in terms of possible modification of gonococcal pathogenesis. PMID- 816439 TI - Death rates of bacterial spores: mathematical models. AB - The concave survivor curves produced as a result of spore heterogeneity were analyzed to determine whether they were caused by inmate characteristics of the spores or by the acquisition of heat resistance during the heating process. Mathematical models developed for the two hypotheses revealed that the concave survivor curve (on semi-log paper) caused by innate heterogeneity is parabolic and that caused by acquired heat resistance is exponential. The mathematical models were applied to several published survivor curves of different organisms, and heat resistance parameters and the cause of curvilinearity were determined. For the cases studied, the cause of curvilinearity appears to be acquisition of heat resistance rather than innate heterogeneity of spore population. PMID- 816441 TI - Response of Bacillus thuringiensis to bacteriophage CP-51. AB - Bacteriophage CP-51, a transducing phage of Bacillus cereus was able to replicate on all eight varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis tested. Three general plaque types were observed on each strain although one type predominated on each strain. The plaque size was uniform for each strain regardless of plaque type. The bacterial strain used as source of the phage had no effect on plaque type or size found on any host strain. CP-51 was stable in infected spores of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki for at least 305 days even though most of the spores had lost refractility. Free phage paricles produced in B. thuringiensis were stable for at least 10 days in broth at 14 degrees C but were very unstable at 4 degrees C. PMID- 816440 TI - Cell-free, protein-synthesizing system of photosynthetic and heterotrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - An active in vitro protein-synthesizing system has been developed from Rhodospirillum rubrum grown under either photosynthetic or heterotrophic conditions. A protease activity has been found in both of these systems, and this activity can be readily inactivated by treating the cells with KCl and phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride. The difference in protein-synthesizing activity between the photosynthetic and the heterotrophic systems has been tested in regard to the requirement of various chemicals and the response to protein synthesis inhibitors or various chemical compounds. It has been concluded that only minor differences in protein-synthesizing activity exist between these two systems. PMID- 816442 TI - Activities of alpha-ketoisovalerate, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases in a mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - An acetate-requiring leaky mutant was induced from Bacillus subtilis 168, and activities of its three alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases were compared with the respectives activities of the parent strain. Both pyruvate and alpha ketoisovalerate dehydrogenase activities in the mutant were consideralby lower, being only 10-17% of those of the parent, but alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was unchanged. These dehydrogenases are complexed composed of three enzymes: a carboxylase, a lipoic reductase-transacylase, and a dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. The carboxylase activity of the affected complexes was no different. Total dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity was only one-third. Thus dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase is the defective enzyme in the two dehydrogenase complexes; the activity remaining in the mutant is accounted for by the activity of the intact alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. PMID- 816443 TI - Experimental infection of mammals with larval Echinocephalus sinensis (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from oysters (Crassostrea gigas). PMID- 816444 TI - Letter: Hazards in laboratories. PMID- 816445 TI - [Unusual aspects of domestic trichinosis in regard to a familial infestation discovered in Montreal]. AB - An outbreak of domestic trichinosis occurred in an Italian family living in Montreal. All patients had a fever, facial edema and extreme eosinophilia, and results of serologic tests were positive. Larvae of Trichinella spiralis were seen in a muscle biopsy from one of the patients. The discussion emphasizes some characteristic clinical, serologic and histopathological aspects. PMID- 816446 TI - The burden of lead: how much is safe? PMID- 816447 TI - Chemoprophylaxis in inactive tuberculosis: long-term evaluation of a Canadian trial. AB - A trial of chemoprophylaxis to prevent reactivation of tuberculosis in persons with inactive disease who had never had adequate chemotherapy was conducted in Canada in the mid-1960s. Preventive drug treatment consisted of either isoniazid (INH) alone or INH plus para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), for a maximum of 18 months. Long-term evaluation in 1974 of 1571 treated patients and 834 control patients demonstrated clearly the substantial and sustained value of adequate chemoprophylaxis in reducing the risk of reactivation. Among those who took INH alone for 6 months or more the annual reactivation rate was 1.2 per 1000 persons, while among those who took INH plus PAS the rate was 0.38/1000. These rates were, respectively, 70 and 90% less than the average rate in the controls, 3.9/1000. Among those who underwent chemoprophylaxis for less than 6 months the annual reactivation rate was 3.7/1000, similar to that in the controls. Cost-benefit analysis showed chemoprophylaxis to be economically sound. Despite the recent increasing application of this preventive measure, there are still many persons living in Canada who could benefit substantially from a course of chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 816448 TI - Persistence of human enteric bacteria in the Canadian North. PMID- 816449 TI - Polyps and diverticulosis of large bowel in autopsy population of Akita prefecture, compared with Miyagi. High risk for colorectal cancer in Japan. AB - A necropsy study of polypoid lesions and diverticula of the large bowel in the Japanese prefectures of Akita and Miyagi indicated that adenomatous polyps were more numerous in Akita (30%) than Miyagi (18.3%). They also were larger and showed more severe atypia in Akita. The sigmoid colon and rectum showed the most severe atypia in both prefectures. Hyperplastic polyps and diverticula were very uncommon in both prefectures. These results are discussed in relation to the different levels of risk to colorectal carcinoma in these prefectures and in Japanese migrants to Hawaii. PMID- 816450 TI - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia associated with paraproteinemia. AB - A 49-year-old white woman with refractory anemia subsequently developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia with paraproteinemia 12 months later. The paraprotein was characterized as immunoglobulin G, type kappa, and the Bence Jones protein as free kappa chains. Further studies, including electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and immunofluorescence provided evidence for synthesis of the paraprotein, both in vivo and vitro, by the myelomonocytic leukemic cells. PMID- 816453 TI - Nonsecretory plasma cell dyscrasia followed by acute granulocytic leukemia 25 years after Thorotrast administration. AB - Twenty-three years after an injection of Thorotrast, profound depression of humoral and cellular immunity associated with extensive marrow plasmocytosis developed in a man aged 75 years. Twelve months of chemotherapy with L phenylalanine mustard, resulted in hematologic remission. Radioautograph of his marrow showed signs of alpha-radiation; whole body counting revealed a significant thorium burden. One year after chemotherapy was stopped, and two years after initial presentation, aleukemic acute granulocytic leukemia led to his death. The role of thorium in the etiology of possibly two successive hematopoietic neoplasms is discussed. PMID- 816452 TI - Natural history and survival of inoperable breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by radical mastectomy. AB - This retrospective study evaluates the time and site of relapse as well as the median survival of 454 consecutive patients with T3-T4 Nx Mo breast cancer treated with radiation therapy from 1968 to 1972. Radiotherapy was delivered with kilovoltage to the first 221 patients and with cobalt to 233 patients, respectively. A group of 133 selected patients was subjected to radical mastectomy 6-8 weeks after completion of the irradiation. The incidence of first relapse was 45% within the first 18 months from starting radiotherapy. The incidence of relapse was higher in presence than in absence of regional adenopathy, with no statistical difference between T3 and T4. Inflammatory carcinoma showed the highest percent of relapse during the first 12 months (48%). The relapse rate appeared independent from type of irradiation. The site of first relapse occurred more often (68%) in areas distant from irradiation fields. Sterilization of both primary tumor and regional nodes was obtained only in 10% of patients. The median survival for the whole series was 2.5 years, with no significant difference between roentgen therapy (3 years) and cobalt (2.5 years). Unfavorable survival was directly related to the presence of regional adenopathies (2.3 years), especially in the supraclavicular fossa (1.4 years) and of inflammatory carcinoma (1.2 years). Patients treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery showed a median survival of 3.9 years compared to 2.1 years for those given only irradiation. The importance of sequentially combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy is discussed. PMID- 816451 TI - Plasma prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with breast cancer. AB - Plasma human prolactin levels were measured by homologous radioimmunoassay in patients with primary breast cancer and in normal women of similar age. In normal controls mean (+/- SEM) basal plasma prolactin levels were 11.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml and intravenous injection of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 500 mug, caused a significant rise in plasma prolactin in all subjects examined with a maximum response of 52.6 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). Markedly high plasma prolactin levels and exaggerated plasma prolactin responses to TRH were demonstrated in some patients with breast cancer. However, mean basal plasma prolactin levels and mean plasma prolactin increments following TRH in patients with breast cancer did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma prolactin responses to TRH were slightly blunted during the administration of androgen in patients with breast cancer. These results suggest that some of the patients with primary breast cancer have abnormal prolactin secretion. PMID- 816454 TI - Cancer of the nasopharynx: review of 43 cases treated with supervoltage radiation therapy. AB - Forty-three cases of cancer of the nasopharynx treated at the Yale-New Haven Hospital in the last 15 years were analyzed. The clinical aspects of the disease, the technique of therapy and results of treatment are presented. The five-year cumulative survival in all the cases treated was 27%. Patients with lymphoepitheliomas seem to do better than those with squamous cell carcinoma. Even in patients with advanced disease, a cure is still possible after radical radiation treatment. Retreatment of recurrent disease is frequently successful in these tumors. The complications after curative radiotherapy even with the use of supervoltage are still relatively frequent. The incidence of distant metastases was 29%. PMID- 816455 TI - Peripheral nerve tumors showing glandular differentiation (glandular schwannomas) AB - Five unusual peripheral nerve tumors of a type originally described by Garre in 1892 are reported. Each showed unique foci of glandular differentiation. Foci of cartilage were seen in two cases, one of which also showed osteoid. Three of the patients had von Recklinghausen's disease. All but one of the cases showed glands lined by nonciliated cuboidal and/or pseudostratified columnar epithelium bearing clear cytoplasm and demonstrating mucin production. Goblet cells were formed in two cases. While the glandular components appeared malignant in none of the tumors, the spindle-cell element in four of five cases was considered histologically malignant. Three of the patients died with clinical evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. The first reported examples of this tumor also arose in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. Data from our five cases and two cases in the literature indicate that glandular schwannomas are potentially malignant tumors with a wide survival span. Follow-up showed that of seven patients, four died with clinical evidence of disease within 7 months to 10 years of their diagnosis. The remaining three were alive and free of disease after 4, 5 and 10 1/2 years. Outcome in a given case is probably related to the degree of malignant change demonstrated by the spindle-cell component of the tumor. PMID- 816456 TI - Laminar air flow room reverse isolation and microbial suppression to prevent infection in patients with cancer. PMID- 816457 TI - Toxicology studies with cytembena (NSC-104801), an antineoplastic agent with a multispecies nephrotoxic effect. AB - The toxic effects of cytembena in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys were investigated with the drug given as single or daily iv injections in doses ranging from 12.5 to 200 mg/kg/day to dogs and 6.25 to 50 mg/kg/day to monkeys. Renal tubular damage was a major drug- and dose-related finding in both species and was clinically indicated by an accompanying uremia, elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. In the kidney, the primary lesion was cellular necrosis and desquamation of the distal tubular epithelium in animals given the lowest toxic doses. More severe but similar histologic changes produced by this drug were further characterized by single dose studies in mice which showed renal mitochondrial swelling and disruption plus generalized cell swelling as progressive, subcellular developments which were well established 24 hours after treatment. Cellular regeneration in the renal tubular epithelium was found in dogs and monkeys retained 6 weeks for observation after treatment, although functional recovery was inconsistent. A toxic effect to lymphoid tissue was an additional finding which is described. PMID- 816458 TI - Tissue disposition of 3H-actinomycin D (NSC-3053) in the rat, monkey, and dog. AB - Tissue concentration of 3H-actinomycin D have been determined in the rat, monkey, and dog after an iv dose of 0.6 mg/m2 body surface area. The drug-tissue half life was determined for various tissues of the rat, monkey, and dog. A mean drug tissue half-life of 47 hours was calculated for the tissues of the dog. Exceptions were the testis and brain. Significant concentrations of 3H actinomycin D failed to accumulate in the brain. Although testis drug concentrations were lower than most other tissues evaluated, the drug-tissue half life was significantly greater than that of other tissues. In all species studied 3H-actinomycin D was rapidly depleted from serum after iv dosage, with concomitant accumulation of drug in the tissues. 3H-actinomycin D was excreted via the biliary and urinary routes in all species studied. No metabolites of 3H actinomycin D were detected in the bile or urine of the rat, monkey, or dog with the methods employed. When expressed on a body weight basis, body surface area doses were more than threefold greater in the rat than in the dog. However, the average ratio of concentration X time values (rat C X T/dog C X T) for 11 different tissues of the rat and dog was only 1.3. The results strongly suggest that an equivalent dose of actinomycin D, with dosage based on a body surface area basis, results in nearly equal tissue-drug exposure for most tissues in various mammalian species. PMID- 816459 TI - Prolactin and estrogen dependency of rat mammary cancers at early and late stages of development. AB - An attempt was made to separate estrogen from prolactin dependency of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumors at 2.5 and 5 months after DMBA injection. Ovariectomy and drug and/or hormone treatments were used to produce an estrogen or prolactin deficiency for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week period in which the deficiency was corrected. Tumors were classified as estrogen or prolactin dependent based upon regression in the absence of the hormone and resumption of growth upon hormone replacement. At 2.5 months and 5 months after DMBA injection, about 29 and 33% of the tumors, respectively, were classified as prolactin dependent, and 35 and 45%, respectively, were classified as estrogen dependent. However, the percentage of estrogen-dependent tumors was reduced to 2.2 and 9.7%, respectively, when prolactin levels were maintained after ovarierctomy. These results indicate that most DMBA-induced mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley female rats are dependent on both estrogen and prolactin but that ovariectomy or estrogen administration do not accurately reflect estrogen dependency, since prolactin secretion also is altered by these procedures. PMID- 816460 TI - Analysis of lipophilic carcinogen-membrane interactions using a model human erythrocyte membrane system. AB - Human erythrocytes have been used as a model for evaluating the chemical carcinogen-plasma membrane interaction. The carcinogenic aromatic amines 2 acetylaminofluorene, dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3'-methyldimethylaminoazobene stabilize erythrocytes against lysis in hypotonic solution. In general, the stabilization potential of these compounds reflects their oil:water partition coefficients and may be related to both their extracellular distribution and ultimate capacity for penetration of target cells. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 3-methylcholanthrene and benz[a]anthracene, confer little protection against hemolysis and simultaneous incubation of nonprotective 3 methylcholanthrene and protective 3'-methyldimethylaminoazobenzene slightly alters the stabilization afforded by the latter. 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exhibits greater protective capacity than does benz[a]anthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons manifested considerably higher degrees of absolute binding to erythrocytes in isotonic solution than did aromatic amines. The difference in erythrocyte binding and stabilization exhibited by the 2 classes of carcinogens suggest distinct mechanisms of membrane association that may relate to their metabolic disposition. PMID- 816461 TI - DNA-attacking ability of carcinogenic mycotoxins in recombination-deficient mutant cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Thirty mycotoxins and 5 chemically modified toxins were tested for DNA-attacking ability in the rec assay using the recombination-deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis M45 (rec-) and the parent strain H17 (rec+). Six Penicillium toxins (citrinin, penicillic acid, patulin, (-)-luteoskyrin, (+)-rugulosin, and PR toxin), 5 Aspergillus toxins (aflatoxins B1 and G1, sterigmatocystin, O acetylsterigmatocystin, and O-acetyldihydrosterigmatocystin), and 2 Fusarium toxins (zearalenone and zearalenol-b) were positive. Among these 13 compounds, the following 8 mycotoxins have been reported to be carcinogenic in animals: citrinin, penicillic acid, patulin, (-)-luteoskyrin, (+)-rugulosin, aflatoxins B1, and G1, sterigmatocystin. Correlation between the rec effect and in vivo carcinogenicity of mycotoxins is discussed. PMID- 816463 TI - Stimulation of carcinogen-induced mammary tumor growth in rats by adrenalectomy. AB - The effect of adrenalectomy on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth was studied in Sprague-Dawley female rats. Weekly measurements revealed that adrenalectomy significantly increased both mammary tumor size and number and elevated serum prolactin levels as compared to the intact controls. Daily injection of 1 mg hydrocortisone acetate into the intact 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-tumor bearing rats did not significantly alter tumor size, number, or serum prolactin levels but, when injected into adrenalectomized rats, it prevented increased tumor growth and prolactin release. Daily injection of ovine prolactin and hydrocortisone suppressed endogenous prolactin release but significantly increased tumore size and number. Ergocornine, a prolactin inhibiting drug, blocked adrenalectomy-induced tumor growth and partially blocked prolactin release. These results indicate that adrenalectomy in rats stimulates tumor growth by increasing prolactin release. PMID- 816462 TI - Binding of K- and non-K-region arene oxides and phenols of polycyclic hydrocarbons to polyguanylic acid. AB - Arene oxide derivatives of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons have been postulated as the reactive intermediates responsible for the in vivo binding of the parent hydrocarbon to cellular nucleic acids. In this study the reaction of 12 different K- and non-K-region arene oxides and 7 benzo(a)pyrene phenols with polyguanylic acid in aqueous acetone solutions has been investigated. The extent of binding of the polycyclic hydrocarbon was monitored by changes in the ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra of the reisolated polyguanylic acid. The most reactive compound was the K-region arene oxide of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. A lower but significant level of binding was detected with the K-region arene oxides of benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 3 methylcholanthrene. Very low or negligible binding was detected with the K-region arene oxides of pyrene and phenanthrene; the non-K-region arene oxides of benzo(a)pyrene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene; and all of the benzo(a)pyrene phenols. Significant differences in the fluorescence spectra of polyguanylic acid modified with three different benzo(a)-pyrene arene oxides were observed. PMID- 816464 TI - Regression kinetics of mouse skin papillomas. AB - The persistence and proliferation rate of mouse skin papillomas were studied in HA/ICR mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted three times weekly with phorbol myristate acetate. When the promoter treatments were stopped, rapid (half-time, 24 days) and slow (half-time, greater than 140 days) components of papilloma regression were observed. When the promoter dose was increased, the major effect was an increase among the rapidly regressing papillomas. Increases in the epidermal pulse-labeling index and the number of dermal inflammatory cells produced by phorbol myristate acetate in normal skin were reversible when the phorbol myristate acetate was stopped, but high pulse labeling index values in papillomas were not reversible. Antithymocyte serum had no effect on regression, although ethylphenylpropriolate, a nonpromoting irritant, slowed the regression sufficiently to increase the half-time from 24 to 57 days. The action of the promoter in overcoming the regression tendency of the papillomas may explain certain features of the role of nonspecific irritation and the importance of promotion frequency in determining tumor yield. PMID- 816465 TI - Surface proteins and fibrinolytic activity of cultured mammalian cells. AB - Surface proteins and fibrinolysis were investigated in a variety of cell types. A large external transformation-sensitive protein was demonstrated by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Electron microscope autoradiography confirmed that the technique labeled surface material only. The protein was present in explants of normal tissues was well as in nontumor-producing cultured cell lines. It was not lost during long-term culture. Neoplastic transformation in vitro, whether spontaneous or induced by a chemical carcinogen or virus, led to the loss of the material in most but not all cases. The protein was also absent from many but not all spontaneous and induced tumors of the different types tested. Elevated fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in a number of normal tissues and non-tumor-producing cell lines. It was also present in most sarcomas but absent from most carcinomas that we have examined, except for a cell line from a well-differentiated bladder tumor. The correlation between absence of large external transformation-sensitive protein and fibrinolysis was examined, and it was found that activation of plasminogen was not sufficient to cause the absence of this surface protein. PMID- 816466 TI - Laser differential light-scattering bioassay for methotrexate (NSC-740). AB - A new bioassay method utilizing laser light scattering from suspensions of drug sensitive bacteria has been developed for the estimation of antitumor drugs in biologic samples. Changes in the light-scattering patterns of antibiotic-treated bacteria have recently been shown to provide a rapid and accurate indication of antibiotic sensitivity. Similar considerations for several antitumor drugs have shown the method capable of assaying 0.1 ml with drug concentrations as low as a few nanograms of drug per milliliter of sample. The first successful application of the methodology is described for the antitumor agent methotrexate. Studies of both drug-treated human serum specimens and dog serum levels and urinary excretion as a function of time indicate that assay results are available within 3 hours of preparing the serum. Time variations of drug serum levels and urinary excretion rates are compared via laser differential light-scattering assay, standard disc-diffusion assay, and previously published radioisotopic assays. PMID- 816467 TI - Preliminary report on the use of CCNU (NSC-79037), adriamycin (NSC-123127), and hexamethylmelamine (NSC-13875) in carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 816468 TI - Nucleocytoplasmic ratio requirements for the initiation of DNA replication and fission in Tetrahymena. AB - Hydroxyurea (10 mM) arrests the exponential growth of Tetrahymena by blocking DNA replication during S-phase. After removal of the hydroxyurea (HU), they have a long recovery period during which they are active in DNA synthesis. 3H-TdR uptake showed that on completion of the recovery period, the cells divide (recovery division) and enter a cell cycle which lacks G1. The frequency, size and DNA content of the extranuclear chromatin bodies (ECB) formed at this division are all markedly increased (2-4) over the corresponding values obtained from exponential growth phase controls. Microspectrophotometric analysis of macronuclear DNA content (N) coupled with the cytoplasmic dry mass (C) values suggest that specific N to C ratios (N/C) are required for the initiation of DNA replication and fission: during a normal (exponential growth) cell cycle, both N and C double, but asynchronously, so that the N/C of both post-fission-daughter cells and pre-fission cells is identical (standardized to N/C = 1) but late G1 cells have a low N/C. During a 10 hr exposure to HU, the N remains essentially the same whereas the C increases. When the HU is removed, the N increases by 4X and the C continues to increase until just prior to recovery division when it also reaches a value 4X that of the original daughter cells. Thus, the N/C = 1 is re-established. The enlarged ECB formed during recovery division may function to lower the N/C in the daughter cells, which in turn may in some way stimulate immediate DNA replication, thus eliminating G1. The elimination of G1 (and shortening in a few subsequent cell cycles) allows less time for cytoplasmic growth and results in the return of the cells to the generation time and the N and C values observed prior to the HU treatment. PMID- 816469 TI - Coronary arterial spasm in classic angina pectoris. AB - A 47-year-old black male who presented with classical angina pectoris and positive exercise test developed spasm of the right coronary artery in the vicinity of an atherosclerotic lesion resulting in transient total occlusion of the vessel. It seemed unlikely that spasm was catheter induced in this case, and the vessel relaxed promptly following nitroglycerin administration. The occurrence of severe spasm in proximity to atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary artery may contribute to stable and unstable angina, myocardial infaction, and sudden death in patients with these conditions coexisting. The awareness of such a phenomenon is necessary to avoid serious errors in the interpretation of coronary angiograms. PMID- 816470 TI - Expression of immunoglobulin synthesis in human myeloma x non-lymphoid cell heterokaryons: evidence for negative control. AB - Heterokaryons formed between human myeloma cells and various types of mouse and human non-lymphoid cells loose their cytoplasmic content of lambda light chains, a component of IgE produced by the myeloma parent. This loss of immunoglobulin content was observed regardless of the species origin (mouse or human) of the non lymphoid partner cell, suggesting that the factors responsible for extinction of this differentiated function are not specific for a species. The kinetics of the loss of immunoglobulin content was essentially identical in the different experiments, since all myeloma X non-lymphoid cell heterokaryons were scored as negative after immunofluorescence staining for lambda chains 4-6 hr after infusion. Myeloma cells treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis (puromycin and cycloheximide) also lost their cytoplasmic content of immunoglobulin after 4 hr. These results indicate that the fusion of myeloma cells with non-lymphoid cells results in an immediate inhibition of immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 816471 TI - RNA synthesis in the Drosophila melanogaster puffs. AB - Autoradiographical analysis of [3H]-uridine incorporation into three large puffs of Drosophila melanogaster has revealed that after 1 min pulse with isotope the label is observed above the whole puff area. When puffs were induced by high temperature, RNA synthesis was sharply increased (or started) in many sites of the developing puff. No significant delay in the transport of newly-synthesized RNA in large puffs, in comparison with small ones, has been found. In regions without temperature-induced puffs RNA synthesis and its transport are apparently delayed under influence of heat shock. PMID- 816472 TI - [Is it possible to study mental disorders in animal experiments?]. PMID- 816473 TI - [Angiographic findings in various focal epilepsies]. PMID- 816474 TI - Significance of treatment interval and DNA repair in the enhancement of viral transformation by chemical carcinogens and mutagens. AB - Treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with diverse classes of chemical carcinogens enhanced transformation by a carcinogenic simian adenovirus, SA7. Optimal enhancement was a function of time of chemical addition in relation to time of virus addition and cell transfer. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and the polycyclic hydorcarbons, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) enhanced SA7 transformation when added prior to virus, but inhibited transformation when added after virus absorption and cell transfer. The enhancement of SA7 transformation was maximal when cytosine arabinoside, caffeine and 6-acetoxy-benzo(a)pyrene (6-ac-B(a)P) were added after virus, but minimal when added before virus. A third class of chemicals, including beta-propiolactone (beta-PL), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-acetoxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (Ac-AAF), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM-ac), enhanced SA7 transformation added before, or after, virus inoculation and cell transfer. All chemicals which induced changes in DNA sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients and unscheduled DNA (repair) synthesis in hamster cells, increased the frequency of SA7 transformation. However, several chemicals such as dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DB(a,h)A), benzo(e)pyrene (B(e)P), cytosine arabinoside, and caffeine enhanced SA7 transformation but did not induce DNA sedimentation changes or repair. Chemicals that cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by hamster cells, may enhance viral transformation by providing additional sites for integration of viral DNA during the repair process. Chemicals that apparently do not induce DNA repair synthesis may enhance viral transformation by incorporation of viral DNA into gaps in cell DNA at sites of unrepaired damage during scheduled DNA synthesis. PMID- 816475 TI - Effects of selected water toxicants on the in vitro activity of fish carbonic anhydrase. AB - Carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydro-lyase EC 4.2.1.1) from lysed red blood cells of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was studied to determine physico-chemical kinetic properties and relative sensitivity to 56 chemicals of significance in water quality research. In general, enzyme activity was strongly reduced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain pesticides; and weakly inhibited by light metal cations and organometallic and organic compounds. Dose--response curves were qualitatively similar in most cases. PMID- 816476 TI - Inhibitory effect of D-penicillamine on degradation of hexosamine-containing substances in the involution of carrageenin granuloma induced by calcium chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetate. PMID- 816477 TI - Selective inhibition of the germination of Bacillus megaterium spores by alkyl p hydroxybenzoates. PMID- 816478 TI - Correction of enzymatic deficiencies by renal transplantation: fabry's disease. PMID- 816479 TI - Nutritional aspects of human lactation. AB - This paper reviews the literature on the incidence and duration of breast-feeding in various countries, the volume and composition of breast milk, the health and nutrition of breast-fed babies as judged by growth and morbidity, maternal nutritional requirements during lactation, and the effect of prolonged lactation on maternal health. It appears that lactation can be as well sustained by impoverished as by affluent mothers, and that even in communities where malnutrition is common the average growth of infants is satisfactory up to the age of about 3 months on a diet of breast milk alone. Breast milk appears to have specific anti-infective properties, but prolonged breast-feeding will not prevent infections among older infants reared in a poor environment. The authors believe that breast-feeding is the best form of nutrition for the young infant and deplore its decline in modern industrial societies. The recommendations of various FAO/WHO Expert Groups on nutritional intakes during lactation are summarized. The need for an increased daily energy intake of 4.2 MJ (1 000 kcal) is questioned, and an increase of 2.5 MJ (600 kcal) is suggested. Data on the effect of prolonged lactation on the health of the mother are scanty; body weight appears to be maintained even among poorly nourished mothers. The authors stress the need for well-planned and technically adequate studies of the material and psychological factors involved in breast feeding. PMID- 816481 TI - [An original aspect of the rod visual cell in the carp (Cyprinus carpio)]. PMID- 816480 TI - A single-radial-immunodiffusion technique for the assay of influenza haemagglutinin antigen. Proposals for an assay method for the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. AB - Single-radial-diffusion techniques are proposed as possible alternatives to tests based on agglutination of erythrocytes for the assay of the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. Two test procedures (microtest and macrotest) and the use of reference reagents to assay vaccines using these tests are described. The two tests are of similar reproducibility and accuracy but the macrotest is technically simpler to perform and results of assays may be obtained more rapidly. PMID- 816482 TI - [Empirical validity, internal validity and fidelity of an experimental test of dominance in male C 57 B1/6 mice]. PMID- 816484 TI - [A new system of thin layer partition chromatography in 2 directions, endowed with 2 high power of separation for amino acids. Role of ionic equilibrium, of the nature of the solvent components and of their self chromatography]. PMID- 816483 TI - [Somatostatin secreting hypothalamic centers of the rat: distribution perikaryons in 2 magno and parvo cellular systems (immunocytological study)]. PMID- 816485 TI - [Purification and properties of beef kidney carbonic anhydrase]. PMID- 816486 TI - [Demonstration and partial purification of a stearyl coenzyme A synthetase in Allium porum L]. PMID- 816487 TI - [Comparative toxicity (mammals, insects, acari) of new trisubstituted phosphoric acid derivatives]. PMID- 816488 TI - [Cerebrospinal meningitis in the baboon]. PMID- 816489 TI - [Immunologic properties of bacterial cell walls. Stimulation of humoral immunity in the mouse by a reticulated compound resulting from the graft of peptides from the Bacillus megaterium cell wall on a polysaccharide]. PMID- 816490 TI - [Action of polycyclic hydrocarbons, carcinogenic or not, on phospholipids of cultured fibroblasts of mice]. PMID- 816492 TI - [The formation of some membrane systems in the thesocyte yolk platelets of a marine demosponge: Suberites domuncula (Olivi) Nardo]. AB - Cellular fragments phagocyted by the thesocytes during the gemmule formation undergo a condensation and rearrangement of their constituent elements before forming a definitive platelet. The membrane excess following this volume reduction is not resorbed but wraps itself round the inclusion to form a membrane series whose function cannot be explained at this time. PMID- 816491 TI - [Ultrastructure of the tegumnet of the slow-growing larva of Polystoma integerrimun (Frohlich 1798). Evolutionary significance]. AB - The ultrastructure of the integument of the gill living post-larva of Polystoma integerrimum (Monogenea) from the common frog Rana temporaria is investigated for the first time; it has been compared with those of the adult stage, of other juvenile stages of marine Monogenea and of some Digeneans adapted to frog urine. PMID- 816493 TI - [Pool kinetics and pathways of 45Ca exchange in rat hepatocytes]. AB - The loading and loss kinetics of cellular 45Ca were studied in rat liver cells. The data are described by a three compartment system. Six arrangements of the exchange pathways of these pools are presented. Taking into account the Ca stocking properties of cell organels, two models may be emphasized. PMID- 816494 TI - [Effect of taurine of the membrane electrical properties in guinea pig hearts]. AB - The effects of taurine on electrical properties of isolated ventricular fibres were studied in guinea pig. The action potential amplitude was decreased while the plateau and the repolarization phase was not altered. Voltage clamp experiments at 18 degrees C revealed that taurine reduced the fast inward sodium current and the potassium current. The slow inward calcium current remained unchanged. These results suggest that the inotropic effects of taurine on guinea pig heart contractions already described were not due to modifications of the membrane permeability for calcium but rather to intracellular changes in calcium availability. PMID- 816495 TI - [Effects of graded distensions of the thoracic esophagus on spontaneous activity of the diaphragm in the cat and rabbit]. AB - In 20 Cats and 10 Rabbits, under Nembutal anaesthesia, the thoracic oesophagus has been distended at different levels by means of a small latex balloon. We have observed an inhibition of the electrical activity of the crura during the distensions of the lower oesophagus. This modification disappears after bivagotomy. Therefore it is probably mediated by a vagal reflex. The long duration of the observed inhibition suggests that the slow adaptating receptors lying at the level of the oesophago-gastric junction are involved. PMID- 816496 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble proteins of reproductive and trophic eggs of the ant Plagiolepis pygmaea Latr]. AB - The soluble-protein contents in the reproductive eggs laid by queen and workers and in the trophic eggs laid by workers are compared by disc electrophoresis. Protein bands are clearly fewer in the latter. The role of this decrease in the lack of development in trophic eggs is discussed. PMID- 816497 TI - [A model of "panic" in wild mice (Mus musculus L.)]. AB - Wild mice were submitted in groups of 5, 10 or 20 individuals to more and more pressing and dreadful experimental situations. The smallest groups were the most disturbed, during the longest time; in the groups of 20, a great number of mice clustered closely and they did not attempt to try and fly; in the groups of 10, the mice were very busy exploring all around the walls of the open-field. But, when the mice were in front of a hiding place without the ability of running inside, the alarm gave rise to a general paroxystic disturbance. The behaviour of the wild Mice and that of Man seems very similar when the shock is particularly violent. PMID- 816498 TI - [Quantitative variations in the plasma testosterone in male pigs, from birth to adult]. AB - Testosterone peripheral venous blood level in newborn piglet shows a large rise after birth with a maximum level between days 5 and 17. Except for a peak between days 35 and 45, values decrease regularly during the first six weeks, then stay low during the third month. From the fourth to the sixth month, testosterone level progressively increases (onset of puberty). After a larger rise between 180 and 200 days (period when sexual behavior begins), testosterone plasma level increases to reach adult values. According to these observations, the androgenic function in pig presents some analogy with man. PMID- 816499 TI - [Demonstration of a seasonal thyroid cycle in the male badger (Meles meles L) using iodine 131 fixation]. AB - A seasonal cycle of thyroid activity has been determined in male adult badger by the thyroid 131I uptake. This cycle is characterized by maximal activity in autumn and minimal activity in winter and at the beginning of summer. There is no difference between animals recently caught and those living in captivity. PMID- 816500 TI - [The function of the mandibulary glands of the decapod bracyura Carcinus maenas L.: effect of eyestalk ablation]. AB - During intermolt cycle of juvenile females, mandibular glands in the Crab, Carcinus maenas L., show a cyclical behavior which is disturbed by eyestalk ablation. PMID- 816501 TI - [Endocellular pathogenic bacteria in the monogenean Euzetrema knoepffleri]. AB - Intracellular bacteria (Rickettsia) are found in the Monogenean Euzetrema knoepffleri, vesicular endoparasite of the Amphibian Euproctus montanus (Urodela). In some conditions, they cause cytoplasmic damage in the host tissues, which demonstrates their pathogenicity. These bacteria are present during all the stages of the life-cycle of E. knoepffleri. Their transmission from one generation to the next occurs through the gametes. PMID- 816502 TI - [The inhibition of the peroxydatic activity of human ferricyanohemoglobin (guaiacol-H2O2 system) by syringic acid]. AB - A structural analog of gaiacol, syringic acid behaves like a competitive inhibitor to the peroxydatic activity of human ferricyanohemoglobin with other substrates (gaiacol system-H2O2). An outline which takes into account this double competition is proposed and discussed. PMID- 816503 TI - [Isolation of bronchial mucins from macroscopically healthy human bronchi]. AB - Acids mucins were isolated from a mixture of bronchial washings carried out on 5 subjects, in macroscopically healthy areas of the bronchial tree. Neutral mucins were absent. PMID- 816504 TI - [Characterization of non-collagen proteins from mineralizing dentin]. PMID- 816505 TI - [Identification of rabies virus glycoproteins and nucleoproteins in infected cells by specifically labeled immunoglobulins]. AB - The specific nucleoprotein is localized inside the cell in the viral matrix and the immunogenic glycoprotein seems to be present only in the cell membranes. PMID- 816506 TI - [The nucleocapsid of two recombinant flu viruses]. AB - The authors studied the nucleocapsids extracted from purified virus particles of two recombinants of influenza A virus: MRC/1 and MRC/11. They are distributed in seven length classes, each of them separated by 140 A: 280,420,560,700,840,980 and 1 120 A. PMID- 816507 TI - [The sheep OL lymphocyte antigen system: 11 factors detected by microcytotoxicity assays in a prealp flock]. AB - By means of microcytotoxicity techniques and using 9 immune allosera, 11 lymphocyte factors were determined in Prealpe sheep, 10 factors, transmitted by haplotypes, depended genetically on 2 linked locus: OL-A and OL-B. From a sample of 130 haplotypes, 36 OL-A alleles were demonstrated by 6 combinations of 1 to 2 factors and 80 OL-B alleles by 32 combinations of 1 to 5 factors. Genic frequencies were varied and low: inferior to 0,01 for half of the combinations they only once exceeded 0,1. The overall frequency of marked genes was estimated to 0,27 for OL-A and 0,61 for OL-B. The genetic transmission of the 11th factor (frequency: 0,05) depended on a 3rd OL-C locus of the same system. PMID- 816508 TI - [The effect of certain anti-HL-A alloantisera on human lymphocyte receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG]. AB - A procedure of EA rosette formation inhibition is used to show an effect of anti HL-A alloantisera on human lymphocyte Fc receptors. IgG and F(ab')2 fragments also inhibit EA rosette formation. A relationship between Fc receptors and antigens recognized by these antibodies is suggested. PMID- 816509 TI - [Cell movements and thymus mass during the treatment of the osteopetrosis of the "op"rat]. AB - The intraperitoneal infusion of male bone marrow cells to the "op" female Rat reverses the course of the lethal disease and initiates a repopulation of the thymus, spleen and bone marrow. The weight of the atrophic "op" thymus increases before any sign of recovery becomes apparent. PMID- 816510 TI - [Hemagglutinating antibodies in the serum and intestinal secretions of rats infested by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis]. AB - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats responded with the formation of hemagglutinating antibodies in both serum and intestinal secretions. After the first infection seric antibody titers were quite weak but increased sharply after challenge. Intestinal secretion hemagglutinines remained at constant level after both infections. This result represents a new approach in our understanding of the immune mechanism towards this parasite in rats. PMID- 816511 TI - [The pathways and primary visual centers of Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura)]. AB - The retinal projections of Discoglossus were examined on sixteen adult specimens uniterally deprived of retina. After a post-operative period of nine to one hundred and fifteen days, the degenerating fibers were stained with the Fink Heimer and Ebbesson-Heimer techniques. The general scheme of primary optic pathways and centres is similar in Discoglossus and Rana. However, after a thorough study, some differences in distribution and density of degeneration suggest the idea that Ranid's visual system is not entirely representative among the Anura. Particularly, degenerative axonic terminals are abundant in ipsilateral Bellonci's neuropil, Corpus geniculatum and pretectal neuropils. PMID- 816512 TI - [Effects of LSD-25 on the cell cycle of Pleurodeles Waltlii Michah. embryos treated at the end of gastrulation]. AB - LSD-25 lengthens the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle in embryos treated at the late gastrula stage and labelled with tritiated thymidine. This antimitotic effect of LSD-25 is comparable to the similar effect of colchicine or vinblastine, but is weaker. Cell distribution among the phases of the cell cycle has been studied by cytophotometry; mitotic index has been calculated, and curves of labelled mitoses variation have been established. PMID- 816513 TI - [A bone marrow factor causing hyperglycemia and glycosuria: released glucose comes from general glycogenolysis, especially in muscle]. AB - An agent extracted from calf bone marrow has a potent hyperglycemic effect when injected into rabbits and causes a very high glycosuric release. This high glucose release come from generalized glycogenolysis, particularly in muscles, contrary to glucagon effect. This agent has glycoprotein characteristics. It might be named, according to its origin: "erthromyelin". PMID- 816514 TI - [Variations in the permeability of the testicular follicle of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera) during the last larval instar]. AB - Variations of the testicular permeability are demonstrated in Locusta migratoria by using tracers such as iron-containing particles of protein. The testicular region containing spermatids is never penetrated by the tracers in contrast to the apical region containing gonia and young spermatocytes. Permeability of this compartment shows variations during the intermoult. PMID- 816515 TI - [Cycloheximide has no effect on the conditioning of the uterus for implantation by certain ovarian steroids]. AB - Cycloheximide was unable to induce or inhibit the appearance of the refractory state to decidualization which is normally obtained by a small dose of oestrogen given to the progesterone-dominated uterus. Neither was this inhibitor capable of preventing progesterone from sensitizing the uterus to decidualizing stimuli. These results suggest that certain effects of luteal steroids in endometrial cells do not depend on RNA translation. PMID- 816516 TI - [Induction of sexual maturation and egg-laying in the prawn Penaeus japonicus Bate in a controlled environment]. AB - Studies on the endocrine mechanisms which regulate the reproduction processes in the prawn Penaeus japonicus Bate led us to investigate the role of temperature and light; these parameters probably affect the "biological clock" controlling these phenomena. Complete sexual maturation was achieved within a three month period. During the next three months, 72 spawnings from a population of 60 one and two year old females were observed corresponding to 960,000 nauplii. PMID- 816517 TI - [Phase morphometric differences among Locusta migratoria cinerascens, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, and their mutant albinos (Orthoptera)]. AB - A first canonical variate analysis (factor analysis) of two geographic strains of L. m. shows that the same axes distinguish crowded from isolated animals as well as their geographical origins. Two other analyses between normal and albino strains of both localities show no differences for one strain; however for the other strain, the pigmentary mutation coincides with a solitary tendency. PMID- 816518 TI - [Serial sections or random sections? Application to the determination of the number of spherical entities in an organ]. AB - Can sampling with parallel slices replace sampling with randomly oriented slices when one measures the number of spherical objects contained in an organ? A stochastic approach has shown that it is acceptable when the distance between slices is greater than the diameter of the spheres. PMID- 816519 TI - [Cooperative binding of tolbutamide by isolated rat Islets of Langerhans]. AB - Rat islets of Langerhans isolated with collagenase bind tolbutamide, an antidiabetic sulfonylurea. Binding shows a cooperative relationship in the range of concentrations of tolbutamide (less than 10(-4) M) which are known to elicit a dose-related stimulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 816520 TI - [The effect of an inflammatory reaction on the resistance of mice to infection by Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium]. AB - Following subcutaneous acute inflammatory reactions in mice, the blood clearance of virulent Salmonella typhimurium was enhanced and the multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in spleen and liver was decreased. PMID- 816521 TI - [Immunocytological characterization of cells recognizing antigen and producing antibody during immunization to oxazolone and E. coli lipopolysaccharide]. AB - A preferential cell mediated response is obtained after stimulation with oxazolone () and a humoral response is seen after E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunization (). Thus a cytological study of selectively isolated antigen recognizing cells which form rosettes and antibody producing cells which form hemolytic plages has been performed during oxazolone and lipopolysaccharide stimulations. This investigation shows quantitative and qualitative differences of these immunocyte subpopulations in the two stimulations. First the antigen recognizing cells antibody producing cells ratio is fundamentally much higher at all the stages of the oxazolone stimulation than after lipopolysaccharide immunization. On the other hand among these immunocyte subpopulations, T and B cells are identified by electron microscopy in the oxazolone immune reaction, while only B cells are observed after LPS immunization. PMID- 816522 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the differentiation of the mesonephrogenic blastema cultivated in vitro in the presence of the primary ureter in the frog, Rana dalmatina Bon]. AB - The culture of undifferentiated mesonephric blastema with the pronephric duct shows a beginning of differentiation of the blastema. This latter is formed by a cluster of mesonephretic cells with pseudopods towards the ureter. The increasing of cytoplasm and the multiplication of the organelles characterise these cells. The differentiation of blastema stops before the tubulogenesis. PMID- 816523 TI - [The innervation of anterior rudimentary limbs in snake embryos]. AB - In comparison to the innervation of the well developed anterior limb-bud of Lacerta viridis or Emys or bicularis we have observed in embryos of Reptiles with rudimentary limb-buds (Anguis fragilis, Scelotes inornatus, Scelotes brevipes), a reduction in the number of spinal nerves entering the anterior limb-bud; this reduction is parallel to that of the number of spinal nerves entering the anterior limb-bud; this reduction is parallel to that of the number of somites involved in the limb-bud. PMID- 816524 TI - [Differentiation in vitro of the nasolacrymal canal of Discoglossus pictus Otth (anuran amphibian)]. AB - The nasolacrymal duct of Discoglossus pictus is able to differentiate in vitro from prometamorphosis, without thyroxine added to the culture medium if it is taken off late or with thyroxine added to the culture medium if it is taken off earlier (presumptive anlage). PMID- 816525 TI - [Magnesium in the cerebral califications of the Sturge-Weber syndrome: a study using a castaing electron probe]. AB - The so-called (calcifications) present in the brain in Sturge-Weber disease were examined with the electron probed of Castaing, in three cases of the disease and found to contain calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. This is the first report concerning the presence of magnesium in deposits in the brain. PMID- 816526 TI - [Isolation of a protein fraction stimulating the exchange of branched chain fatty acids between the mesosomes and the protoplasts of Bacillus subtilits var. niger]. AB - A new protein, stimulating in vitro the exchanges of branched chain fatty acids between mesosomes and plasma membranes, was isolated from periplasmic supernatant of B. subtilis. by gel filtration on a (Sephadex G 75) column. This protein, activating the exchanges, was only found during the exponential phase of the growth of the bacteria. PMID- 816527 TI - [Oxygen consumption by the yeast-like and filamentous forms of Sporothrix schenckii as measured by polarography]. AB - The study of the oxygen uptake by cultures of Sporothrix schenckii as measured with the Clark electrode has shown that when the fungus was grown in a liquid medium, the atmospheric oxygen went into solution very slowly even when the liquid was rapidly stirred. The partial oxygen pressure was very small after some days of culture (no more than 2 or 3% expressed as the saturated value). Hence, it is postulated that the linear part of the growth curve is due to the dissolved oxygen acting as a limiting factor. When the oxygen uptake by filaments, conidia, or yeasts isplotted against the time the curve variations follow the transformations of the fungus. PMID- 816528 TI - [Attempts to culture hepatitis B virus on human fetal hepatocytes: preliminary results]. AB - Foetal human hepatocytes have been maintained in prolonged culture and inoculated with two pools of HBs Ag positive sera. These two pools differed from each other by the presence or the absence of Dane particles. The cultures were examined during 8 weeks. HBs Ag did not appear in the culture medium. However, it may be revealed inconstantly and fugaciously by ultasonic lysis of cells infected by sera containing Dane particles. In the cell debris, 27 nm nucleocapsides of HBc specificity are observed. They were not able to transmit the infection. The neutralization of this production can be obtained by sera with anti-HBs activity. PMID- 816529 TI - [The effect of an inflammatory reaction induced either by BCG or a non biodegradable irritant on the resistance to bilharziasis in mice]. PMID- 816530 TI - [Use of ternary algebra in the analysis of medical data]. AB - Logical methods are most valuable in the field of Medicine. They are usually based on Boolean algebra and can thus only deal with binary data) (Present)/(Absent)). Use of ternary algebra opens the way to treatment of the triple-state variables ((Present)/(absent)/(Don't know)) frequently encountered in medical context. PMID- 816531 TI - [A factor activating protein synthesis in rat liver microsomes: its induction by a glucocorticoid hormone]. AB - Injection of glucocorticoid hormone to adrenalectomized rats induces in liver microsomes a factor which stimulates polypeptide synthesis in a cell-free system. The factor is extractable from microsomes by 0.5 M KC1 followed by gel filtration, of the extract. Induction of the activator in glucocorticoid-treated rats contribute higher protein-synthesizing ability of the microsomes following hormone administration. PMID- 816532 TI - [Reestablishment of the molt by brain implantation in the permanent larvae of Galleria mellonella]. AB - Postcephalic ligatures of larvae of Galleria mellonella resulted in the production of permanent larvae. Implantation of brains into such permanent larvae restored moulting. The percentage of successful reactivation of permanent larvae depended on the number of implanted brains. PMID- 816534 TI - [The energy metabolism of the Emperor penguin (Aptendodytes patagonica J. F. Miller) in ambient natural conditions]. AB - In natural ambient conditions at Possession Island the resting metabolism of the emancipated King Penguin is 50.40 kcal/kg/D. A bird whose insulation is good and which maintains its stomachic temperature at a high level can reduce its heat production by 42% during the long fasting periods which characterize its reproductive cycle, in particular by social and individual thermoregulating behaviour. PMID- 816533 TI - [Adaptive significance of the ciradian rhythm of oviposition in Drosophilidae: comparison of eight species of the genus Zaprionus]. AB - The circadian rhythm of oviposition under light conditions LD 12:12 was studied in eight species of Zaprionus. Interspecific differences proved to be of little importance. In all cases, the maximum of egg production took place at the beginning of the photophase and egg laying was often restricted to a few hours. Such a rhythm is highly different from that observed, in a previous work, among the Drosophila species of the melanogaster subgroup. PMID- 816535 TI - [The ecophysiology of Agama mutabilis Merren, in southern Tunisia]. AB - The behavioural thermoregulation and rate of water turnover of the lizard Agama mutabilis were studied in southern Tunisia in summer and compared with another agamid, Amphibolurus inermis, Which occuies a similar habitat in Australia. The thermoregulatory sequence differs little between the two species although Agama mutabilis lacks a burrow and is probably more resistant to elevated body temperatures. Agama mutabilis has an extremely low rate of water turnover for such a small lizard [3,37 ml (100 g.day)-1] and ins probably, on the whole, better-adapted physiologically to desert conditions than Amphibolurus inermis. PMID- 816536 TI - [A molecular hybrid having gonadotropic activity in frogs composed of the alpha subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone and a subunit of a gonadotropin of a teleost fish]. AB - The alpha subunit of bovine LH and the subunit SU II of carp gonadotropin are able to associate. The hybrid is about one hundred times less active than c-GTH or b-LH, respectively on goldfish and rat ovarian adenyl cyclase. However it is more efficient than both horomones on an Amphibian (Rana esculenta), on spermiation in vivo as well as on ovarian adenyl cyclase in vitro. PMID- 816537 TI - [Intracellular localization of concanavalin A receptors in rat hepatocytes]. AB - Intracellular binding sites of concanavalin A were studied in rat hepatocytes under electron microscopy with a cytochemical method using peroxidase. The penetration of concanavalin A occurs only in cells previously cut and the binding sites of this lectin are located on the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The results suggest that these sites are in relationship, at least in part, with the plasma glycoproteins synthesized and secreted by the hepatocytes. PMID- 816538 TI - [Immunocytochemical identification of the glucagon-secreting cells in gastric mucosa]. AB - Immunocytochemical investigations at the light and electron microscope level, using specific antiglucagon serum, revealed in the gastric oxyntic mucosa of the Dog, the presence of positive cells, undistinguishable ultrastructurally from pancreatic A-cells. No positive reaction was detected in any other gastrointestinal segment. These results suggest that gastric A-cells are responsible for the secretion of gastric glucagon. PMID- 816539 TI - [Role of the photoperiod in the reproductive function of female crabs, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricus)]. AB - To enter vitellogenesis normally the females must pass through a period marked by a weak daily lighting which, it appears, triggers a determined physiological condition. If this state is not reached, vitellogenesis is impossible; on the contrary, if this state is reached, vitellogenesis is then accelerated by a long photophase. The results are discussed. PMID- 816540 TI - [The effect of continuous rearing on an artificial diet on the physiology of a lepidopteran, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner]. AB - Rearing on an artificial diet during 20 successive generations had important consequences on the physiology of a lepidopteran, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. This laboratory strain was found less virulent than the one from nature. If the causes of this weakness can be of genetic as well as of pathological origin, it is probable that such strains cannot be utilized, without risk, in the studies on resistance of maize lines. PMID- 816541 TI - [Passive avoidance in two inbred strains of mice: conditioned emotional response and specific avoidance]. AB - Specific response inhibition and generalized behavioral suppression (conditioned emotional response) contributions to a step-through passive avoidance performance are tested in two inbred strains of mice. For this purpose response contingent (0 sec.) and delayed punishment (from 5 to 60 sec.) are used in the learning session. The results of the test session (24 hr later) show that in the BALB/c strain, the response contingent component is very important (i.e. delaying the punishment produces a rapid decrease of the step-through latency). On the otherhand the latency remains unaffected in C57 BL/6 mice, showing that conditioned emotional response is the major determinant of the passive avoidance performance in this strain. These results might at least partially explain some contradictory results about memory differences between inbred strains of mice. Moreover they show that more sophisticated behavioral analysis is necessary whenever interstrain comparisons or genetic analysis are used for studying learning and memory. PMID- 816542 TI - [Hypophysectomy and androgen synthesis in rat embryos]. AB - Hypophysectomy by decapitation of the rat embryo at the age of 16 days results in a lesser development of the testes when examined at 18 days. The synthesis levels of testosterone and androstenedione have been determined. When correlated with the mass of tissue, the values found for the synthesis levels were smaller in the decapitated embryos than in the normal ones. It is probable that the hypophysis is active in androgen synthesis in the rat embryo at a stage as early as 18 days. PMID- 816543 TI - [The effect of hypophysectomy on the lipogenic activity of adipose tissue of rabbits]. AB - In vitro lipogenesis is always higher in adipocytes from hypophysectomized rabbit than from normal animals. Lipogenesis is estimated by the incorporation of labelled glucose and acetate into fatty acids. Insulin added to the culture medium slightly enhances lipogenesis. The ability of rabbit adipocytes to utilize acetate is clearly demonstrated. However, it seems different for different fatty tissues. PMID- 816544 TI - [Nucleic acid metabolism in testes from adult rats deficient in vitamin A]. AB - Our study related to degenerescence of testes in vitamin A deficient rats led to the following observations : decrease of DNA, RNA on one hand and AMP, ADP and ATP on the other hand. These observations are considered as related to decrease of DNA polymerase activity. PMID- 816546 TI - [Intensive conversion in vitro of 5 alpha-androstane-3-alpha, 17 beta-diol into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the anterior hypophysis of male rats]. AB - When anterior hypophysis from male rats were incubated in the presence of tritiated 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), the major part of recovered pituitary radioactivity was constituted by 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT). This steroid represented an average of 72% of total tissular radioactivity. In cytosol, the bound hormonal fraction was constituted by about 47% 5 alpha-DHT and 35% 3 alpha-diol, whereas free radioactivity contained 67% 5 alpha-DHT and 22% 3 alpha-diol. These results demonstrate an intensive conversion of 3 alpha-diol into 5 alpha-DHT and consequently that the transformation of 5 alpha-DHT into 3 alpha-diol is reversible. Thus it is reasonable to think that the biological action of 3 alpha diol one can observe following in vivo or in vitro experiments is due, in fact, to its conversion into 5 alpha-DHT. PMID- 816545 TI - [Biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids and alkanes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Cell-free extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyse the formation of very long chain fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms. These acids may be alpha-oxidated leadint to odd-chain acids. Both even and odd chain acids may be subjected to reductive decarboxylation giving rise to alkanes with respectively odd or even aliphatic chains. PMID- 816547 TI - [Purification of cholinesterase from human serum by affinity chromatography]. AB - The human serum butyrylcholinesterase was rapidly purified with an affinity technique on meta-aminophenyltrimethylammonium-agarose; the ionic strength was 0.25 and the specific elution was achieved with 9-amino-10-methylacridinium. After ion exchange on DEAE-cellulose and molecular filtration, an enzyme purified more than ten thousand times was obtained. PMID- 816548 TI - [The marine diatom Chaetoceros simplex calcitrans Paulsen and its environment. Effects of light and ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of fatty acids]. AB - In continuous light (24/24 h) or with a 12/24 h photophase, the title diatom synthesizes the same total amount of fatty acids. But the photophase considerably increases some of them: C 18:2 (+535%), C 17:2 (+422%), C 17:0 (+97%), C 19:0 (+97%), C 17:1 (+72%). Adding ultraviolet irradiations to the two mentioned conditions of light also increases the total amount of fatty acids and induces the biosynthesis of the C 20:0. The results are discussed. PMID- 816549 TI - [Effects of spontaneous abortions on the frequency of births of twins]. AB - The frequency of spontaneous abortion of one zygote after double ovulation fertilization makes it possible to explain some of the main features of the dizygotic twinning rate, namely the sharp decrease of this rate at higher maternal ages after its regular increase up to 35 years, and also the secular tendancy of this rate to decrease, observed in many countries. The consequences of these findings are discussed, in particular those which are related to the etiology of spontaneous abortion and mongolism, and to the frequency of multiple ovulation. PMID- 816550 TI - [Transfer of adenovirus DNA into the nucleus at the beginning of infection of HeLa cells]. AB - 2 hrs after infection of HeLa cells with Ad 7, viral DNA was found in the nuclei. Inactivation of the virus with ultraviolet or antiserum, or pretreatment of the cells with chloroquine, did not affect the localisation of the DNA. The intranuclear DNA originated at least partly from viral particles passing through lysosomes. The appearance of Ad 7 DNA in the nucleus was delayed as compared to Ad 5 DNA. PMID- 816551 TI - [Identification by starch gel electrophoresis of the species of lizards Lacerta muralis Laurenti 1768 and Lacerta hispanica Steindachner 1870 in the sympatric populations of Spain and Languedoc-Roussillon]. AB - An electrophoretic analysis of three enzymatic loci (Got-1, Ldh-A and Ldh-B) has shown that examination of Got-1 alleles allows unambiguous identification of L. muralis and L. hispanica in areas where the two species are sympatric and not identifiable by classical techniques of systematics. At the Ldh-A locus, one allele is common to both species, but a second allele is L. muralis specific and a third one is L. hispanica specific. PMID- 816552 TI - [Ultrastructure of interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of an elamobranch, the common dogfish (Scyliorhinus caniculus L)]. AB - The interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of the common dogfish show the ultrastructural features characteristic of steroid hormone producing cells. Their endoplasmic reticulum consists predominantly of smooth surfaced tubules. They are rich in mitochondria with tubular and vesicular cristae and in liposomes. This last characteristic differentiates them from the interrenal cells of Teleosts, which are devoid of liposomes. In addition, the interrenal cells of the common dogfish are strikingly rich in microfilament-like inclusions. PMID- 816553 TI - [Effect of ether anesthesia on the circulatory rhythm of adult lepidoptera, Bombyx mori]. AB - Ether vapors affect heartbeat. An acceleration of heartbeat precedes the cardiac arrest observed in about five minutes. During recovery the heartbeat increases to a value above that seen before anesthesia and then returns to normal. PMID- 816555 TI - [Cytochemical analysis of muscle cell histones of Triturus cristatus limbs a) in normal regeneration, b) in regeneration arrested by r-irradiation, and c) in regeneration restored by implants]. AB - The muscular cells of regenerating limbs and of limbs in which regenerative power is restored, show an important decrease in the amount of cytophotometrically detected histones. This decrease is owing to the arginine rich fraction and to the lysine rich fraction. The muscular cells of irradiated limbs show a decrease in the amount of histones. This decrease is owing only to the arginine rich fraction and continues after the thirieth day of irradiation and amputation. PMID- 816554 TI - [Use of energy reserves during the breeding fast of the emperor penguin, Aptenodvtes forsteri]. AB - During the breeding fasting of the emperor penguin, the lipid and protein stores are steadily used to meet the metabolic needs; they represent respectively 93 and 7% of the energy production in the animal. The role of the glucid stores are quantitively negligible. Loss of tissue water represents 35,3% of body weight loss. Increased weight loss below 20 kg a "critical weight", is associated with a conversion to protein catabolism when lipid supplies are exhausted. These results allow the estimation of the metabolism when the body weight loss is considered in this antartic penguin. PMID- 816556 TI - [Regulation of the number of gonocytes in the genital ridges of duck embryos after partial destruction of the initial stock of germ cells]. AB - X rays irradiation of anterior or posterior halves of Duck blastoderms at the non incubated stage is followed by a decrease of the number of germ cells in the germinal crescent at the stage of 10 somites. However, after 6 days of incubation, the genital ridges of such embryos contain the same number of gonocytes as those of normal embryos. A regulation of the number of gonocytes occures at the level of the genital ridges. PMID- 816557 TI - [The origin of the wing musculature of birds]. AB - The somitic mesoderm of the wing level was replaced in a two-day chick embryo by quail somitic mesoderm obtained from the level of the wing, the leg or the neck. The musculature of the host's wing on the operated side was exclusively or almost exclusively constituted by quail cells, whereas the skeleton, the dermis, the tendons and the muscular envelopes were formed by chick cells. This result demonstrates that, under the present experimental conditions, the wing musculature is originated from the somitic mesoderm of any level of the cephalocaudal axis. PMID- 816558 TI - [Rat liver polysomes bound to endoplasmic reticulum: evidence for an RNase sensitive ribosome-membrane linkage]. AB - Repeated low speed centrifugations of a post-mitochondrial supernatant from rat liver through discontinuous sucrose gradients in presence of cytoplasmic RNase inhibitor yield a purified rough endoplasmic reticulum fraction. This fraction contains loosely-associated ribosomes (up to 20%) which can be released from membranes by a slight RNase treatment. PMID- 816559 TI - [Comparative analysis of the theoretical methods currently used to study the conformational properties of molecules of pharmacologic interest]. AB - The study of a simple conformational problem, the rotation about the ester bond common to a series of R1COOR2 formula molecules, shows that CNDO/2, INDO and PCILO methods overestimate the interaction term between non bonded atoms. This leads to the prevision of very low barriers and amounts for the CNDO method to the failure in the prevision of some minima. Because of the exaggerated overestimation of this term, the EHT method seems not to be useful except when the steric interaction constitutes the dominant term in the conformation energy. PMID- 816560 TI - [Kidney uptake of bismuth as an index of its digestive absorption in mice]. AB - The authors studied the absorption of bismuth administered per os as an insoluble salt: basic nitrate and phosphate, labeled with 206Bi. The bismuth amounts in blood and most tissues were too small to be detected. However, kidneys took up a significant bismuth quantity which allowed us to measure the absorption of the metal through digestive wall. Bismuth absorption from phosphate, a very insoluble salt, was much less than that which was obtained from basic nitrate; this latter is an example of partially soluble salt in the stomach. PMID- 816561 TI - [Effect of Corynebacterium parvum on murine cultured bone marrow cells]. AB - The administration of Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) stimulates in the mouse the bone marrow colony forming cell compartment in two stages. The first stage reaches pic values one day after two consecutive injections and the second, more important stage, reaches a pic at the 9th day which lasts over 27 days. There is no evidence that this effect is related to the liberation of CSF. PMID- 816562 TI - [Active and passive fibr0us septa in severe hepatic fibrosis of man: demonstration of collagen hyperfibers by electron microscopy]. AB - In the prospective study of the evolutive progonsis of severe human hepatic fibrosis, electron microscopic examination reveals within fibrous septa a peculiar form of collagen, the hyperfiber singularized by its large diameter. The conditions of the elaboration the elaboration of this type of fiber (inflammation and intense fibrogenesis) are the classic determinant factors of an unfavorable prognosis. The stages of its elaboration are not clear and allow two possible interpretations related to the remodeling stages of collagen. PMID- 816563 TI - [Mitochondrial continuity and plastid discontinuity in Euglena gracilis]. AB - Two cells of Euglena gracilis Z synchronously grown were reconstructed on a three dimensional scale model by means of serial section for electron microscopy. One giant mitochondria and several, isolated, variously lobed chloroplasts were present in the cell during all growth phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 816564 TI - [The possible endocrine function of the cerebral organs of the heteronemertan, Lineus]. AB - In Lineus, the cerebral organs, which are composed of nervous and glandular cells, are surrounded by blood lacunae. However, there is not morphological relation between nervous and glandular cells; the neurosecretory product of some of the nervous cells flows in direction of dorsal ganglions, and the glandular cells are exocrine. The cerebral organs do not constitute neurohemal organs. PMID- 816565 TI - [Ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland of Acheta domestica L]. PMID- 816567 TI - [Induction by alimentation of copulatory behavior in females of Periplanteta americana L. (Insecta, Dictyoptera]. PMID- 816566 TI - [Supra-ependymal "giant"" nerve terminals in rodent brains]. AB - In the lateral ventricles and third ventricle of the Rat and Mouse brain a dense net of supraependymal amyelinic varicose axons is obvious. Moreover, orginating from this was found small quantities of "giant" supra-ependymal nerve endings evoking sometimes the aspect of sensory terminals. These two types of supra ependymal structures seem to contain 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 816568 TI - [Caudal regeneration in Nicodrilus giardi (Ribaucourt) (Oligocheta, Lumbricidae): worms amputated at the end of summer diapause]. AB - N. giardi collected at the end of the summer diapause were amputated at two levels of the posterior part of the body: After amputation of the 100 posterior segments (nearly half the body), the regeneration processes appear quickly. An amputation removing only the 30 posterior segments is followed by a reorganization in the injured area, but the worms are incapable of regeneration. PMID- 816570 TI - [Bactericidal activity of sea water and its microvibrio content]. AB - The bactericidal effect of sea water on E. coli varies according to the location and depth of specimen. There are seasonal variations. With the elimination of the bacilli, tiny vibrios appear. Two strains have been isolated and kept alive with bacteria suspensions in sea water. A method to quantify them in culture or in sea water has been developed. PMID- 816569 TI - [Evidence for aluminum in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease: study using the Castaing microprobe]. AB - Electron probe microanalysis demonstrates the presence of aluminum, calcium, phosphorus and silica in senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of 4 patients. Our findings are reported here with the reservation tnat the tissues were fixed before examination. PMID- 816571 TI - [A search for viruses in systemic lupus erythematosis. Somatic fusion amoung mammalian cells using concanavalin A]. AB - Attempts were made to isolate a virus from systemic lupus erythematosus patients, using lymphocyte cultures prepared from peripheral blood. Both cocultivation with VERO cells and fusion experiments in which lysolecithin and Concanavalin A were employed as fusing agents failed to reveal any presence of virus. Con A proved to be useful for heterokaryon formation in primate cells, fusion levels varying from 14-21% as shown by autoradiography. PMID- 816573 TI - Reversible asynergy. Histopathologic and electrographic correlations in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Histopathologic-electrographic studies of ventriculography depicted nitroglycerin responsive and unresponsive asynergic areas were performed in 25 patients. Of 29 areas, 12 improved with nitroglycerin, showing less than 10% muscle loss. Seventeen unimproved zones demonstrated significant fibrosis. Epicardial electrograms showed R waves in eight of nine improved zones. Of 11 unimproved zones, eight had Q waves. Histopathologic-electrographic data from five responders showed less than 10% muscle loss, of whom four had epicardial R waves. Six unresponsive areas had significant fibrosis, with a QS over four. Thus, nitroglycerin responsive asynergic areas are generally comprised of histologically intact myocardium and are associated with epicardial R waves. PMID- 816572 TI - The relationship between age and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the rabbit and rat. AB - Relaxation of rabbit and rat aorta by isoproterenol decreases with increasing age, whereas such responses caused by nitroglycerin or sodium nitrite are not age dependent. In the present study, we sought to determine whether this relationship also exists in pulmonary arteries and portal veins. As was the case with the aorta, isoproterenol-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries decreased as the animal aged; relaxation by nitroglycerin was minimally altered. Aging did not influence responses of rabbit and rat portal veins to isoproterenol or nitroglycerin. If the responses of these blood vessels are characteristic of the responses of other vascular smooth muscles to vasodilators, then this study suggests a difference in the manner by which arteries and veins age. We also confirmed that isoproterenol-induced relaxation of rabbit and rat aorta markedly decreases with increasing age and that the responses of rat aorta to nitroglycerin are independent of age. Because of the agonist used to contract the tissues prior to drug-induced relaxation, the results of the first series of experiments with nitroglycerin on rabbit aorta were at variance with our earlier findings. When KCl was used to contract the aortas, the mean effective dose (ED50) obtained for nitroglycerin for tissues from 2-year-old rabbits was 8 to 19 times larger than that obtained from 2-month-old rabbits. This ratio dropped to 4 when the tissues were contracted with histamine. Since KCl and histamine contract rabbit aorta by different mechanisms, this finding suggests that, in addition to a specific loss in beta-receptor activity, increasing age results in an alteration in the contraction-relaxation process of rabbit aortic tissue. PMID- 816574 TI - Assay of serum thyroxine by competitive protein binding: reuse of disposable sephadex columns. AB - A method for the assay of total serum thyroxine on reusable Sephadex G-25 fine columns, obtained from the Ames Tetralute kit, and competitive protein binding with TBG is described. The columns are regenerated with diluted plasma and may be used for at least 3 months. The procedure is rapid and simple and requires no extraction, centrifugation or evaporation. Recovery of added thyroxine from serum is essentially complete. The between-assay and within-assay coefficients of variation are about 5.5%. Correlation with values obtained using the Tetralute kit was good (r = 0.988). Values in 75 euthyroid subjects were normally distributed and therefore the normal range was taken as the mean +/- 2 SD or 4.6 10.4 mug/100 ml. PMID- 816575 TI - Normative values of serum immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion: a review. AB - Many previous studies of normative values in adults have suggested that race, age, sex, and environment all have significant effects on the mean values for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE in various groups of individuals. Single radial immunodiffusion is the technique most widely used to quantitate immunoglobulins of the three major classes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in sera. Measurements have been expressed in terms of mass concentration, as percentages of the mean normal adult value, and in arbitrary international units. To improve agreement among laboratories, the WHO has supported the distribution of an International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, and similar (separate) preparations for IgD and IgE. PMID- 816576 TI - Method for measuring the concentration of urinary proteins according to their molecular size category. AB - We combined the use of a concentrating device (Minicon) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate to semi-quantitate the concentration of (a) the collective low-molecular-weight proteins and (b) of albumin excreted in the urine of patients after renal transplantation. Analytical recovery of many serum proteins from samples concentrated 100-fold in the Minicon apparatus was about 70%. It was possible to examine many urine samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after concentration with this device. The reproducibility (CV) of the technique was on the order of 20% when albumin and low-molecular-weight protein were in about equal concentration. The method was adequate to differntiate glomerular and tubular proteinuria, because in glomerular proteinuria the ratio of albumin to low-molecular-weight proteins is about 20/1, whereas in tubular proteinuria the ratio is about 1/1. PMID- 816577 TI - Effects of physical activity on serum cholesterol metabolism: a review. PMID- 816578 TI - Electrophoresis of human multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia sera in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. AB - Sera from normal persons and patients with IgA, IgD, IgG, and IgM monoclonal gammopathies were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The gels were stained with Coomassie blue or were used for immunodiffusion. By this method IgG multiple myeloma and IgM Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia sera were readily distinguished by electrophoresis alone, whereas IgA and IgD myeloma sera were distinguished by further immunodiffusion against anti-alpha-chain antibody and anti-delta-chain antibody. PMID- 816579 TI - Quantitative estimation of secretory immunoglobulin A by radial immunodiffusion technique. AB - A single radial diffusion system in agar gel, which can be used for the quantitative measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A in solutions and in biological fluids, is discussed. Concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A as low as 0.095 mg/ml were measured successfully using a 2 mul sample volume. Conditions that achieve maximum sensitivity and precision, such as gel concentration, incubation time, and temperature, are described. PMID- 816580 TI - beta-Galactosidase deficiency in an adult: a biochemical and somatic cell genetic study on a variant of GM1-gangliosidosis. AB - Biochemical data are presented of a 29-year-old male, who shows progressive psychomotor retardation and a beta-galactosidase deficiency in leucocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Somatic cell hybridization studies show that this variant of GM1-gangliosidosis is based on a different gene mutation than is present in types 1 and 2. No complementation is observed in fusion experiments with cells from type 3 variant. PMID- 816581 TI - Alternative complement pathway activity in sera from patients with sickle cell disease. AB - The low molecular weight cobra venom factor (CoVF) was used to activate the terminal sequence of the alternative complement pathway in thirty-one sera from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The SCD sera were compared with normal sera as a source of the alternative complement pathway factors C3 proactivator (C3PA) and C3PA convertase. These factors are required for formation of the enzymatically active CoVF-C3PA complex which is capable of cleaving C3 and thus initiating generation of the cytolytic C5b-9 complex. CoVF cofactor activity was significantly less than normal in SCD sera as measured in an indirect lysis assay, indicating reduced C3PA or C3PA convertase activity in these sera. Qualitative (immunoelectrophoresis) and quantitative (radial immunodiffusion) measurement of C3PA showed, however, that this protein is normal or elevated in SCD sera. Taken together, the reduced CoVF cofactor activity and normal or elevated C3PA in SCD sera suggests that sera from patients with sickle cell disease have reduced C3PA convertase activity. PMID- 816582 TI - IgA and IgM cytoplastic inclusions in a series of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Seventy-two cases of typical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were screened by electron microscopy for the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin crystals. Immunoglobulin inclusions were found in four cases. Immunofluorescent studies showed that the inclusions contained IgA in two cases and IgM in the other two patients. Lambda light chain specificity was demonstrated in all four cases. The ultrastructure of the inclusions was identical in each patient except that in one of the IgA cases the inclusions were found in the perinuclear cistern in addition to the more usual location within cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Surface immunofluorescence showed mu heavy chains in the two cases displaying IgM crystal formation, but in the two IgA patients, no alpha heavy chains were demonstrable at the cell surface. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the existing literature. PMID- 816583 TI - Analytical review: host defense mechanisms in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 816584 TI - Correlation between the presence of surface localized immunoglobulin (Ig) and the histological type of human malignant lymphomas. PMID- 816585 TI - Chondro-osseous pathology in the chondrodystrophies. AB - The majority of chondrodystrophies are associated with distinct abnormalities in chondro-osseous histopathology. In some disorders, the pathological abnormalities are characteristic and can be used as diagnostic criteria, in other instances the morphological abnormalities are not specific, and in still others, no abnormality in chondro-osseous morphology is present. In this paper, the chondro-osseous histopathology and ultrastructure of a number of chondrodystrophies are reviewed to illustrate the different pathogenetic mechanisms involved in each of these disorders. PMID- 816586 TI - Orthopedic complications of dwarfism. AB - Of 248 dwarfs with Achondroplasia, Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia, Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Diastrophic dwarfism, Morquio syndrome, and Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia Congenita, 85 were managed by orthopedic methods. Experience with bracing is generally unsatisfactory. Surgical lengthening of the lower extremities is not recommended. A number of other surgical procedures are advisable in selected cases. PMID- 816587 TI - Fever and arthritis. PMID- 816589 TI - The distribution of (14C) cholesterol in muscle and skin of Rhesus monkeys after intravenous injection. AB - 1. The specific radioactivity of [14C]cholesterol in plasma and in serial biopsies of muscle and skin was measured in Rhesus monkeys for 156 days after a single intravenous injection of [14C]cholesterol. 2. Analysis of the specific radioactitivy-time curves in terms of a two-compartment system indicated that all the cholesterol of muscle is exchangeable with the plasma cholesterol and that local synthesis does not contribute significantly to the cholesterol in muscle. 3. Analysis of the curve for specific radioactivity of skin cholesterol suggested the presence of a small pool of cholesterol with slow turnover. A contribution to skin cholesterol from local synthesis could not be excluded. PMID- 816590 TI - Updating diabetes mellitus. Introduction. PMID- 816588 TI - Ethosuximide dosage regimens. AB - A study was conducted in 9 children with petit mal epilepsy to compare the plasma levels of ethosuximide after divided daily administration with those after single daily administration. The children received their previously established dose in divided doses for 4 wk, single morning doses for 4 wk, and again in divided doses for 4 wk. None of the children suffered petit mal seizures during the study. Three had grand mal seizures but the frequency did not differ between the dosage regimens. Plasma levels during the single-dose period peaked more rapidly and fell more quickly than during the other periods, but mean levels remained in the therapeutic range. The mean half-life of the drug in these children was 29 hr. For reasons not understood, plasma levels generally were lower in the second divided dose period than in the other two periods. No adverse experiences were reported during the study. The data indicate that ethosuximide is clinically effective when given in a single daily dose. This regimen offers advantages in convenience and possibly in patient compliance. PMID- 816591 TI - The management of diabetic foot problems. PMID- 816592 TI - Outpatient management of anticoagulation. AB - The Anticoagulation Service insures uniformity of approach to the regulation of anticoagulation for patients of hospital-based primary physicians. There has been no anticoagulant-related mortality in 254 patient treatment-years, and the major complication rate is 4% of treatment courses. There is a relatively low complication rate because of the systematic approach to anticoagulation therapy, recognition of the importance of patient education, communication with the primary physician, and flexibility of drug dosage and patient visit regimens. Achieving the therapeutic range of the prothrombin time with minimum complications is the goal of this Service. The hallmark of adequate control is predictable response of the prothrombin time to adjustments in drug dosage. Statistical analysis of six years' experience has provided support for the thesis that control of anticoagulation and incidence of complications are not significantly altered by patient age, sex, or the presence of concurrent nonthromboembolic medical illness. PMID- 816593 TI - Evidence for high (CAII) and low activity (CAI) carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the dog. PMID- 816594 TI - Comparative kinetic and electrophoretic properties of erythrocyte pyruvate kinases. PMID- 816596 TI - Cryosurgery of the monkey (macaque) prostate. I. Humoral immunologic responsiveness following cryostimulation. PMID- 816595 TI - Transfer of training between the hands in a split-brain monkey with chronic parietal discharges. PMID- 816597 TI - The response of bacterial spores to vacuum treatments. I. Design and characterization of the vacuum apparatus. PMID- 816598 TI - The role of fiber in the diet. PMID- 816599 TI - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis must be suspected and the initiation of treatment should be prompt to provide a satisfactory outcome in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Corrections of fluid and electrolyte deficiencies should be made slowly; rapid "push"injections or large infusions of sodium bicarbonate should avoided and ample amounts of potassium should be given early. Precautions should be taken so that blood glucose concentrations do not fall rapidly, and so that blood glucose levels of 250-300 mg/100 ml are maintained by the administration of 5-10% glucose solutions. Bicarbonate therapy is indicated only in severe acidosis (pH less than or equal to 7.1). Physicians who are trained in the care of diabetes mellitus should supervise the treatment. In our hospital the same staff physicians and fellows attend all patients with diabetes. In addition the efforts of our house staff and nurses have contributed significantly to the care of these patients. PMID- 816601 TI - Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethasone-17, 21 dipropionate. PMID- 816600 TI - Effects of bulk-producing tablets on hunger intensity in dieting patients. PMID- 816602 TI - A comparative study of Parafon Forte tablets and soma compound in the treatment of painful skeletal muscle conditions. PMID- 816603 TI - Maprotiline (Ludiomil, Ciba 34,276-BA) and imipramine in depressed outpatients: a double-blind clinical study. PMID- 816605 TI - Antidepressant predictability: cartazolate. PMID- 816604 TI - A double-blind comparative clinical trial with maprotiline (Ludiomil) and imipramine in newly-admitted depressed patients. PMID- 816607 TI - Effect of ethionamide on thyroid function. PMID- 816606 TI - In-vitro comparison of four antipseudomonal antibiotics in a general hospital. PMID- 816608 TI - Nitrofurazone therapy in "middle burns": a review. PMID- 816609 TI - The effects of copper in heated nebulizers. AB - The antibacterial potential of copper mesh in heated nebulizers was evaluated by simulating clnical usage in the laboratory and comparing the relationship between the copper levels achieved in nebulizer water and the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms. Mesh size, length of immersion, temperature, water replacement, and nebulization all affected copper concentration. Antibacterial acitivity was demonstrated over a wide range of copper levels for as long as three weeks. Nebulizers driven for one hour by 10 L/min of gas flow and containing 8 gm of copper mesh were inoculated with more than 31,000 organisms and became sterile within 60 minutes of inoculation. Units without copper showed a much slower decline in colony counts. Solutions of copper salts also proved to be effective antibacterial substances but only in much higher concentrations than those achieved with copper mesh. It it is concluded that metallic copper mesh is an effective antibacterial substance when used in water-containing heated nebulizers. Attempts to quantitate aerosolization of copper were not sucessful, and potential upper-airway deposition and human toxicity with this technique remain to be defined. PMID- 816610 TI - Detection of left ventricular diverticulum by cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - This report describes the cross-sectional echocardiographic features of a left ventricular diverticulum. The echocardiographic findings are illustrated and discussed in relation to the diagnostic capabilities of this noninvasive imaging technique. PMID- 816611 TI - Exercise dictatorship of the proletariat on the health front. PMID- 816612 TI - Treatment of chronic nephritis with combined use of traditional Chinese and western medicine. Report of 110 cases. PMID- 816613 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on "general attack therapy" of ureteral stones. PMID- 816614 TI - Traditional Chinese medicine balanced anesthesia on patients in shock. PMID- 816615 TI - Carcinoma in osteomyelitis treated by combined regional perfusion chemotherapy and surgery. Report of a case. PMID- 816616 TI - Free muscle transplantation by microsurgical neurovascular anastomoses. Report of a case. PMID- 816618 TI - Agkistrodon halys bite treated with specific antivenin. Observation of 530 cases. PMID- 816617 TI - Acupuncture anesthesia for open heart operation under extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 816619 TI - Extracellular deoxyribonuclease activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) media containing Nissan's heart extract or chicken heart extract could produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease, while on other DNA media with heart extracts from cow, pig and mouse could not. Variation in the kind of peptones in the DNA media did not make significant difference in this activity, although some peptones caused cloudiness of the media. P. aeruginosa did not need cation activators of chloride compounds to produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease. On the modified Eiken's DNA medium, gram negative bacilli other than P. aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, i.e. Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Alcaligenes did not produce deoxyribonuclease. The production of extracellular deoxyribonuclease activity on the modified Eiken's DNA medium can be used as a supporting test for biochemical identification of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 816620 TI - Comparative study of the function of polytene chromosomes in laboratory stocks of Drosophila melanogaster and the l(3)tl mutant (lethal tumorous larvae). II. Changes of banding pattern and transcriptional activity in the salivary chromosome of l(3)tl. AB - The salivary chromosomes of the l(3)tl mutant of D. melanogaster are considerably thicker and shorter than those of normal larvae. In most nuclei, chromosome shortening is associated with morphological changes of two types. a) The bands lose their distinctive pattern and become loose. The chromosome appears as a granular mass. In extreme cases pompon-like chromosomes arise. Most frequently male X-chromosomes undergo such changes and begin to shorten as early as in the middle of third larval instar. "Pompon" transformation is not associated with a change in the relative intensity of RNA synthesis: the ratio of silver grain number over the male X-chromosome to that over regions 61A-63F is the same in pompon-like l(3)tl chromosomes and in the male and female X-chromosomes of the normal lines. b) Shortened chromosomes occassionally retain distinct band organization and, in these cases, chromosome shortening is observed to be due to the condensation of the chromatin of many puffs and interbands resulting in the fusion of a large number of bands into "new" chromatin blocks. In regions of fused bands, transcriptional activity is decreased as compared with regions where this union does not occur. The chromosomes of l(3)tl larvae lack ecdysone stimulated puffs and other prominent puffs. In 144-192 hour larvae, puffs can be induced by ecdysone and until 384 hours by temperature shock. The capacity of puff induction decreases with larval age. PMID- 816622 TI - Mothers' and infants' roles: distinguishing the questions to be asked. AB - The mother-infant relationship consists of interaction sequences, each of which is in some measure unique. We must therefore study pooled data from interactions of the same 'type' occurring within a limited time period. Changes in the relationship must be assessed by comparing data from different time periods. To understand the dynamics of the interaction, it is essential to formulate sharply the questions being asked. In particular, the following questions must not be confused: 'Which partner is primarily responsible for determining the course of this type of interaction in a particular time period?' 'Changes in which partner are responsible for changes in the pattern of interaction between time periods?' and 'Are differences between mothers or between infants primarily responsible for inter-dyad differences in any one time period?' The argument is illustrated with data from rhesus monkeys. PMID- 816621 TI - Qualities of mother-infant relationships in monkeys. AB - We habitually use qualitative terms to describe relationships. This paper is concerned with methods for describing, assessing and classifying these qualities objectively. Some judgements about qualities depend on which interactions occur, some concern qualities of the interactions themselves, and some depend on the way in which the different interactions within a relationship are patterned. In addition some judgements depend on diverse criteria which are not necessarily correlated with each other and need not all be satisfied. Limitations of everyday concepts of quality are discussed. Our attempts to assess qualities of the mother infant relationship in rhesus monkeys in a quantitative fashion are described. Special attention is paid to groups of measures which appear to refer to qualities which could be described as 'maternal warmth', 'maternal rejectingness', 'maternal control', and 'meshing/dissonance' (i.e. the extent to which the goals of each partner coincide with those of the other). A type of interaction which could be called 'a game' is described. Th extent to which such assessments have predictive value is discussed. PMID- 816623 TI - Psychiatric outcome of localized head injury in children. AB - Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of psychiatric disturbance in children with brain injury. Studies on localized lesions have suggested that injury to the young organism carries a better prognosis for recovery of function than injury at a later age. The present study was designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. A representative sample of children (n = 98) who had been hospitalized for treatment of a compound depressed fracture, associated with a dural tear and visible damage to the underlying cortex, was identified from the records of neurosurgical units throughout the United Kingdom. The children were aged between 3 months and 12 years at the time of injury and between 5 and 15 years at the time of examination. The interval between injury and examination varied but the sample was designed to include only children who had been injured at least two years before examination. The children were examined neurologically and psychometrically, a detailed account of their current psychiatric state was obtained from one or both parents, and their mental state was assessed in a standard psychiatric examination. Preliminary data are presented which relate psychiatric, educational and intellectual status at the time of examination to site and severity of injury, age at injury, and to a number of psychosocial variables. PMID- 816624 TI - Outcome of head trauma: age and post-traumatic seizures. AB - A series of 307 head-injured children (0-14 yr) was followed from the acute phase for up to six years with a separate group of 220 non-injured siblings as control. The neurological, EEG, psychometric and psychiatric findings were analysed. Here we discuss the influence of age at time of injury with respect to post traumatic seizures. Overall incidence of early seizures (during first week) was 15% and of late seizures (one week to six years) was 5%. Youngest children (0-2 yr), however, had a low frequency (3%) of early seizures, but 11% frequency of late seizures. The frequency of early seizures was higher and frequency of the late seizures was lower in children than in adults with either closed or penetrating injuries. Comparison of these data with those of other investigators suggested that the overall incidence of early seizures in children 2-14 yr of age is higher than in adults, whereas the late occurrence of seizures appears to be lower than that in adults. The pattern, however, in the youngest children 0-2 yr of age resembles that of adults (particularly adults with penetrating injuries). PMID- 816625 TI - Recovery of motor function after lesions in motor cortex of monkey. AB - This behavioural study concerns the contribution of active retraining to motor recovery after a standard lesion in the motor cortex, and includes an evaluation of various retraining procedures. These problems have not previously been experimentally analysed in man or animal. Rhesus monkeys (27) were initially trained on two motor tasks which consisted of a pulling task, involving the proximal muscles of the upper limb, and a hand-grip task for the distal musculature. Strength of pulling and hand-grip were measured quantitatively. For brevity, only the hand grip data are described. After a plateau of proficient performance was achieved in both hands (usually 6-8 months), the cortical precentral forelimb area was surgically ablated on one side. Each animal was then randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups or to a sham operative control group. The groups differed with respect to the use of the contralateral and/or ipsilateral forelimb(s) in post-operative motor training on the same task. In addition, to evaluate the contribution of spontaneous post-operative recovery independent of retraining, we started to train two groups immediately after surgery; in the other two experimental groups the weak forelimb remained idle for the first four post-operative months. Combined training of the weak and normal limb, which resulted in 85% recovery in the weak limb, did not differ statistically from training the weak limb alone (79% recovery). This suggests that the critical factor in promoting recovery is training of the weak forelimb, presumably by 'activation' of the damaged hemisphere. The role of the ipsilateral (strong) limb appears negligible. When post-operative training in the weak limb was delayed four months, spontaneous recovery noted one week after the start of delayed training was about 50% compared with 9% recovery after one week in the groups retrained immediately after surgery (P less than 0.001). The 'immediate' groups, however, continued to improve over a six-month period to about 82% of their pre-operative performance. The 'delay' groups, by contrast, exhibited only slight further improvement, reaching a plateau of 67% recovery six months after the start of retraining (10 months post-operatively). This difference in recovery between the immediate and delay groups was significant at the 0.05 level. This confirms that active physical retraining facilitates motor recovery, although the mechanism remains obscure. The data also suggest that, to be most effective, the training should begin as soon as possible after the insult to the brain has occurred. PMID- 816626 TI - A two year trial of loxapine succinate in chronic psychotic patients. AB - Thirty-one chronic psychotic patients were treated with loxapine succinate, 20 for two years and eleven for one year, in order to evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety. Results presented here indicate that loxapine succinate is an effective treatment for chronic schizophrenia over a period of at least two years. Improvement, which occurred during the first six months of treatment (mostly during the first month), was maintained over the following year and a half. Unwanted effects were most frequent inthe early months of treatment and decreased as the two year trial progressed. No specifically long-term side effects were observed. The most frequent side effects were mild to moderate extrapyramidal signs. Blood pressure decreased and pulse rate increased, while remaining within normal limits, and returned to normal or near normal levels during the second year of treatment. Weight increased steadily during the two years and dropped markedly during the four week post-drug period. No drug-related abnormal laboratory findings were observed. It may be concluded that loxapine succinate is a safe and effective maintenance treatment for chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 816627 TI - [Transformation of Bacillus subtilis by isolated plasmid R DNA]. PMID- 816628 TI - Physiological disposition of caffeine. PMID- 816629 TI - [Optimal protein substitution in parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. AB - In three healthy probands oral whole egg and parenteral amino acid administration were compared by means of nitrogen balance studies. For the amino-acid solution produced according to the potato-egg pattern and administered intravenously the high biological value of 131.4 was obtained in comparison with a value of 100 for the oral egg protein administration. This confirms recommendations to use aminoacid solutions in parenteral nutrition which are prepared according to the principles of nutrition physiology. PMID- 816630 TI - [Letter: Prevention of Rh sensitization]. PMID- 816631 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction. II.Intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin in patients with or without left-heart failure, and its effect on infarct size (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups according to left-ventricular filling pressure (LVFP): group I (n = 13) with LVFP less than 20 mm Hg, group II (n = 11) with LVFP greater than 20 mm HG. After infusion of 3 mg nitroglycerin in the first and 6 mg in the second hour there was a highly significant decrease in the filling pressure (from 15 to 9 mm Hg in group I, 28 to 16 mm Hg in group II). Mean arterila pressure fell in both groups by an average of 9 mm Hg. There were only slight changes in heart rate. Cardiac output fell from 4.4 to 3.9 1/min in group I, while it rose significantly (from 3.5 to 4.0 1/min) in group II from an initially markedly decreased level. In patients of group II the subjective symptoms improved with positive changes in the haemodynamic variables. Electrocardiographic precordial mapping indicated that nitromapping indicated that nitroglycerin at a dose of 3 mg/h diminished the zone of ischaemia, while at a dose of 6 mg/h S-T elevations and depressions increased again. PMID- 816632 TI - [The echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral-valve prolapse (syndrome of late systolic murmur with click) (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical diagnosis of mitral-valve prolapse was made in ten patients on the basis of a late systolic murmur with or without a click. In each case the echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis. In five it was further confirmed by angiocardiography. The late systolic murmur, with or without click, accentuated after nitroglycerin, is characteristic for mitral-valve prolapse. PMID- 816633 TI - [The agar-gel immunodiffusion test for the demonstration of equine infectious anemia. I. Examination of horse sera in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 816634 TI - [Medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 816635 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of listeriosis in the light of 3 cases]. PMID- 816636 TI - Prolactin binding in the rat ventral prostate. AB - Prolactin binding sites have been reported in a variety of tissues that are hormonally responsive to prolactin (PRL). A synergistic effect of PRL and androgens upon the secondary sexual structures of the male rat has been demonstrated. The present study was designed to: 1) determine if there are PRL binding sites in a membrane-rich particulate fraction of the rat ventral prostate: and 2) study the effect of changing the hormonal environment upon this specific PRL binding. The binding of lactoperoxidase iodinated ovine prolactin (I125-PRL) to rat prostatic membrane preparations was assayed by the method of Shiu and Friesen. Serum LH and PRL were measured by radioimmunoassay. The specific binding of I125-PRL that was observed in the prostatic membrane preparation of intact adult male rats was readily displaced by excess unlabelled ovine or rat PRL but not by rat LH or FSH. This binding was decreased by heating or trypsin treatment of the membrane preparation. Tissue specificity was demonstrated in that no specific binding was observed in membrane preparations of lung or spleen from these male rats. Prostatic membrane preparations from adult rats that were castrated for either 4 or 8 days showed a 90% decrease in specific I125-PRL binding while serum PRL values were not changed. Daily subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate (2.0 mg/rat) to 4-day castrated adult rats resulted in I125-PRL binding comparable to that of intact rats. The data show that a reduction of endogenous androgens results in diminished I125-PRL binding in the ventral prostate of the rat. PMID- 816637 TI - An intra-ovarian site for the luteolytic action of estrogen in the rhesus monkey. AB - To investigate whether estradiol can act within the ovary to induce luteolysis in the rhesus monkey, 100 mug estradiol-17beta were injected on one of days 2, 3, or 4 after the preovulatory LH peak into one of the following sites: the stroma of the ovary containing the developing corpus luteum, the stroma of the contralateral ovary, or sc. When estradiol was injected into the ovary containing the corpus luteum, the functional life span of the corpus luteum was shortened, reflected by a premature decline in circulating progesterone to levels characteristic of the follicular phase of the cycle and an early onset of menstruation. When estradiol was injected either sc or into the ovary contralateral to that containing the corpus luteum, the life span of the corpus luteum was not shortened. The differing responses could not be attributed to differing rates of efflux of estradiol from the various injection sites; patterns and levels of estradiol in peripheral serum were essentially the same regardless of injection site. Furthermore, the premature regression of the corpus luteum was not a consequence of surgical trauma associated with the intra-ovarian injection procedure, nor could it be mimicked by another ovarian hormone, progesterone. These findings lead to the conclusion that estrogens can induce functional luteolysis in the rhesus monkey by acting directly within the ovary containing the corpus luteum. PMID- 816638 TI - Contribution of granulosa cells and follicular fluid to ovarian estrogen secretion in rhesus monkey in vivo. AB - In order to ascertain which ovarian cell type within the follicle is the source of preovulatory estrogen secretion in vivo, ovarian venous, as well as peripheral venous, blood was collected prior to, 5 min, 30 min, and 120 min after the removal of follicular fluid and granulosa cells from 17 monkeys. In addition, estrogen, progesterone, and progestins were measured in the peripheral blood, ovarian venous blood, and follicular fluid of the follicle-containing and contralateral ovary in 24 monkeys, in order to prove that the preovulatory follicle is the principal source of estrogen. Estradiol was the principal estrogen and was secreted in larger amounts by the ovary with the large preovulatory follicle (7-10 mm in diameter) compared with the contralateral ovary. In 15 experiments ovarian venous estrogen (3934 +/- 798 pg/ml, mean +/- SE) in the vein draining the large follicle-containing ovary was usually 5-15 fold higher than peripheral plasma estrogen levels which were 307 +/- 31 pg/ml. The contralateral ovary secreted a small amount of estrogen (654 +/- 162 pg/ml). Follicular fluid contained large amounts of estrogen (2754 +/- 695 ng/ml) with levels which did not always correlate well with peripheral plasma or ovarian venous estrogen. Ovaries containing non-preovulatory or recently ovulated follicles secreted less estrogen. The removal of granulosa cells and follicular fluid from the preovulatory follicle led to no significant decrease (P greater than 0.5) in ovarian venous secretion of estrogen after a 5, 30, or 120 min time interval. This would indicate that, within the time constraints of this experiments, the follicular fluid and granulosa cells contribute relatively little to ovarian venous estrogen and that thecal cells of the large preovulatory follicle alone can secrete more of the estrogen into the ovarian vein. PMID- 816639 TI - Suppression of thyrotropic hormone secretion by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. AB - In order to determine whether endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the secretion of thyrotropic hormone (TSH), we monitored plasma TSH levels in female rats receiving indomethacin (Ind) or aspirin (Asp) to inhibit PG synthesis. TSH secretion was induced by either exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or by throidectomy. On the basis of preliminary experiments, Ind was found to inhibit thyroid secretion directly. Subsequently, thyroidectomized rats receiving thyroxine (T4) replacement (2-4 mug/100 g BW/day) were used to avoid this complicating factor. These replacement regimens were judged to be adequate on the basis of the measurement of plasma triiodothyronine and T4 levels, and the lack of a compensatory rise in plasma TSH levels. Under these conditions, Ind significantly inhibited, but did not abolish, the TSH response to exogenous TRH (250 ng/100 g BW iv). Thyroidectomy-induced TSH secretion was abolished by Ind, and could be reversed upon cessation of Ind treatment. Aspirin was also found to inhibit significantly the compensatory TSH rise following thyroidectomy. These findings suggest that endogenous pituitary PGs mediate the stimulation of TSH secretion by TRH or by reduced feedback of thyroid hormones. PMID- 816640 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone release by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypophysectomized rat bearing an ectopic pituitary. AB - Hypophysectomized female rats which received renal grafts of anterior pituitary (AP) or weight-matched intact controls were sampled under urethane anesthesia. Plasma growth hormone (GH) in sequential samples from each rat was measured by radioimmunoassay to determine the effect of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on GH release from ectopic or intact AP. In a first experiment, following a baseline sample, a pre-treatment sample was taken from each rat 30 min after urethane injection, after which TRH (0.3 or 0.6 mug) or isotonic saline was injected iv, and samples were taken at 10 and 30 min post-treatment. Baseline GH levels in hypophysectomized-transplanted rats were in the range of 4.0 to 8.0 ng/ml, and were not modified significantly by urethane. TRH caused a significantly greater increase in growth hormone at 10 min than did saline. Plasma GH tended to be higher at 30 min post-treatment only in the 0.6 mug TRH treated group. In further experiments the above described protocol was followed except that four doses of TRH were used (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mug) and post TRH blood samples were taken at 5 and 10 min. TRH caused a clear-cut increase in plasma GH both at 5 and 10 min, although no dose-effect relationship was present. In intact controls, baseline GH levels were in the range 40.0 to 80.0 ng/ml and were drastically reduced by urethane. In these animals, only the 1.2 mug TRH dose induced a GH rise at 5 and 10 min. In similar experiments, iv administration of vasopressin (100, 200, or 400 mU) induced a rise in plasma GH when given to the hypohysectomized-transplanted rats, but was ineffective in intact controls; the administration of prostaglandin E2 (5.0 and 50.0 mug) increased plasma GH in both experimental conditions. The results indicate that TRH in the hypophysectomized transplanted rat acts directly on the AP tissue to increase GH release and that the ectopic pituitary is more susceptible than the in situ pituitary to some GH releasing stimuli. PMID- 816641 TI - Alterations in thyroxine metabolism produced by cutaneous application of microscope immersion oil: effects due to polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - A 30% solution of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture or a microscope immersion oil containing 34% PCB, when applied to the skin of rats, led to substantial increases in the biliary excretion of intravenously injected [125I]thyroxine (T4) in bile: plasma 125I ratios, in the biliary clearance rate of plasma [125I]T4, and in bile flow. Both PCB preparations also elevated liver weight, thyroid 125I uptake, and Sephadex uptake of [125I]triiodothyronine (T3), and depressed serum T4 concentrations; serum T3 levels were unaltered by the PCB solution or by the immersion oil containing PCB. PCB, either in mineral or immersion oil, reduced the free T4 index (serum T4 X fraction Sephadex T3 uptake), indicating a probable reduction in the concentration of free T4 in serum; the free T3 index, on the other hand, was elevated in PCB-treated rats. The same type of immersion oil, in which the PCB was replaced by a hydrogenated terphenyl, was without effect on any of the indices studied. Thus, the effects of microscope immersion oil on T4 metabolism were due to its PCB content. In thyroidectomized, T4-maintained rats, PCB in mineral oil again increased Sephadex uptake of [125I]T3, greatly reduced serum T4, and moderately reduced serum T3 levels; the free T4 index was substantially reduced and the free T3 index moderately lowered in treated animals. These data indicate that in PCB-treated rats both the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 and thyroid T3 secretion were enhanced. The metabolic impact of thyroid hormone in PCB-treated animals was unchanged, as shown by normal activity of hepatic mitochondrial L-alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 816642 TI - Benign epilepsy of children with centrotemporal EEG foci. A study of incidence rate in outpatient care. AB - The incidence rates of epileptic seizures and epileptic seizures with centrotemporal (Rolandic) discharges were found to be 134/100,000 and 21/100,000, respectively. These were determined in an epidemiological study in a population consisting of 52,252 children aged 0-15 years in a county in the northern part of Sweden. Epileptic seizures with Rolandic discharges represented about 16% of all the epileptic seizures (febrile convulsions not included). They were four times more common than classic petit mal with 3/sec spike-and-wave activity. PMID- 816643 TI - Benign epilepsy of children with centrotemporal EEG foci: intelligence, behavior, and school adjustment. AB - Sixteen children aged 7-12 years with benign epilepsy of childhood and centrotemporal (Rolandic) EEG foci were investigated as regards intelligence, visuomotor coordination, behavior, and school adjustment. They were compared with partly the same-sex class-population, partly randomly selected class controls of the same sex and age. There were no differences between the children and their class controls regarding intelligence, behavior, and school adjustment. The epileptic seizures did not influence the children's intelligence. The visuomotor coordination was impaired in most children (tested by Bender's test), but this was not true for their verbal and nonverbal functions. PMID- 816644 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of ethosuximide in monkeys. I. Single-dose intravenous and oral administration. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of ethosuximide was studied in 6 chronically catheterized male rhesus monkeys at three dose levels (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg), intravenously and orally. Plasma and urine levels were assayed by GLC. The intravenous and oral kinetics of ethosuximide were described in terms of a one compartment open model with first-order elimination (and first-order absorption for oral kinetics). Volume of distribution (overall mean +/- SD=0.80 +/- 0.09 liters/kg), total body clearance (overall mean +/- SD= 19.2 +/- 2.70 ml/hr/kg) and elimination half-life (overall mean +/- SD=28.98+/-3.35 hr and 28.10+/-3.17 hr following intravenous and oral administration, respectively) remained constant over the dosage range Appendix) was selected to describe the disposition of ethosuximide in monkeys. Accordingly, plasma concentrations of individual animals and the average concentrations of Fig. 1 were fitted to a monoexponential equation [Eq. (A1)]. A close agreement between experimental datum points and least-squares fit lines was observed at all three dose levels. Plots of C0 and area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC, measured by trapezoidal rule, Eq. (A3)] vs dose (Fig. 4) were linear as predicted by Model I. It may be concluded, therefore, that a one-compartment open model with first-order elimination is appropriate to describe the intravenous kinetic behavior of ethosuximide in monkeys. The volume of distribution (overall mean +/- SD = 0.80 +/- 0.09 liters/kg) observed in the present study is higher than total body water and therefore suggests accumulation of ethosuximide in body tissues. Tissue distribution studies have not been performed in monkeys. However, data on tissue/plasma ratios in rats (Dill et al., 1965; Chang et al., 1972) indicate that ethosuximide can partition outside the total body water compartment. This behavior is compatible with the high pKa value and negligible protein-binding characteristics of ethosuximide (Chang et al., 1972). As discussed by several workers (Levy, 1968; DiSanto and Wagner, 1972; Lockard et al., 1974), the establishment of dose independency in elimination processes (kinetic linearity) requires that single-dose studies be performed at several dose levels. In the dose range examined in the present study (30 to 90 mg/kg), there was no evidence of dose-dependent elimination kinetics after intravenous or oral administration. The overall mean (+/- SD) elimination half-life (28.5 +/- 3.24 hr) obtained in the present study is somewhat longer than the value (22.0 hr) observed by Chang et al. (1972) following a single-dose (100 mg/kg) oral administration of ethosuximide in 4 rhesus monkeys. In view of the agreement between the predictions of Model I and experimental intravenous data, a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination processes (Model II, Appendix) was studied. The bioavailability of the syrup formulation used in the oral studies was essentially complete (overall mean +/- SD=96% +/- 12.0) and dose independent... PMID- 816645 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of ethosuximide in monkeys. II. Chronic intravenous and oral administration. AB - Three types of chronic-dosing experiments were implemented in a group of chronically catheterized male rhesus monkeys: Study I, constant rate infusion; Study II, infusion at three consecutive rates with priming doses; and Study III, oral multiple dosing at two consecutive levels with priming doses. Zero-order infusion rates and priming and maintenance doses were calculated for each animal using individual single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters. Ethosuximide was measured in plasma and urine by GLC. Experimental and predicted plasma and urine levels were in good agreement for all three studies. Total body clearance (Studies I and II) and elimination half-life (Studies I, II, and III) were not significantly different from their respective single-dose values. Excretion rate was proportional to infusion rate (Study II) and maintenance dose (Study III). It was established that in the case of ethosuximide in monkey, pharmacokinetic parameters derived from single-dose studies can be used to predict multiple dosing schedules. PMID- 816646 TI - Relation between ocular manifestations and onset of spike-and-wave discharges in petit mal epilepsy. AB - Ocular manifestations are prominent in petit mal attacks. The nuclei innervating the extraocular muscles lie in mesencephalic and pontine regions of the brainstem which have been regarded by some as critical areas in the generation of petit mal attacks. Ocular signs and their timing relative to spike-and-wave onset were studied cinematographically in 4 patients with petit mal epilepsy. Each patient showed a consistent pattern of eye deviation or fixation during spike-wave bursts. Neither the activation of oculomotor pathways, as indicated by eye deviation, nor their inactivation, as suggested by interruption of ongoing elicited ocular activity, preceded the appearance of spikewaves. Because ocular manifestations began only after the onset of spike-wave, this study provided no evidence that brainstem oculomotor regions were involved in the initiation of these petit mal attacks. PMID- 816647 TI - Benign epilepsy of childhood with Rolandic spikes, or a lesion? EEG during a seizure. PMID- 816648 TI - Bilirubin and paranitrophenol glucuronyl transferase activities of the liver in patients with Gilbert's syndrome An attempt at a biochemical breakdown of the Gilbert's syndrome. AB - Hepatic bilirubin (Bil-GT) and paranitrophenol glucuronyl transferase (PNP-GT) activities were measured in 26 subjects with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and in one subject with a Crigler-Najjar type 2. Firstly, the results allowed us to distinguish three groups of patients in GS. In the first group, Bil-GT activity decreased by 25% of that of the controls and PNP-GT activity was normal. In the second group, Bil-GT decreased by 25% of that of the controls and PNP-GT decreased by 50% of that of the controls. In the third group, Bil-GT decreased by 50% of that of the controls and PNP-GT activity was normal. Secondly, the results showed in the Crigler-Najjar type 2 that Bil-GT activity was 25% of that of the controls and PNP-GT was 10% of that of the controls. From these results the following hypothesis has been raised: (1) the subjects of the third GS group were probably heterozygous to the homozygous disease which affected the subjects of the first GS group, and (2) the subjects of the second GS group were most likely heterozygous to the homozygous disease which affected our Crigler-Najjar type 2. However, in the present state of our knowledge, the scheme of GS classification which we propose requires confirmation. PMID- 816649 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Ethiopia: I. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. PMID- 816650 TI - Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase from wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and immunologically cross-reacting material from ma-1 mutants. Purification by immunoadsorption and characterization. AB - The pleiotropic effect of the ma-1 mutation on the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster can most readily be explained by assuming that the enzymes share a subunit or cofactor whose synthesis is controlled by the ma-1 locus. According to this hypothesis a protein or a tightly bound cofactor common to both enzymes should be inactive or missing in the corresponding immunologically cross-reacting material found in ma-1 flies. Three of the proteins involved were purified by immunoadsorption: xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine dehydrogenase cross-reacting material and aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 816651 TI - Transcription from complementary deoxyribonucleic acid strands in various sporogenic and asporogenic mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Hybridization competition studies on ribonucleic acid synthesized in vivo by a thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-4). AB - The present paper describes an investigation, at the transcription level, in a thermosensitive sporulation mutant of Bacillus subtilis (ts-4) grown at the permissive (30 degrees C) or restrictive (42 degrees C) temperature where sporulation capacity is respectively expressed or arrested. These studies were carried out by analysing the ribonucleic acid from vegetative and stationary phase cells (t3 cells) grown under both conditions, by hybridization-competition experiments. PMID- 816652 TI - [The structure of mycosubtilin, an antibiotic isolated from Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. AB - Mycosubtilin, an antifungal agent isolated from Bacillus subtilis is a mixture of homologous lipopeptides essentially C54H83N14O16 and C55H85N15O16. The differences in their structures was found in the lipid moiety which contains several beta-amino acids; the structure of these beta-amino acids was demonstrated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the N trifluoroacetyl n-butyl esters; a strong peak at m/e = 240 indicates a beta-amino group. The comparison of the derivatives of natural amino acids with synthetic 3 aminohexadecanoic and 3-aminoheptadecanoic acids indicates that natural beta amino acids are a mixture of 3-amino-14-methylpentadecanoic acid (35%), 3-amino 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (59%), 3-aminohexadecanoic acid (6%) and a trace of C18 beta-amino acid. The peptide moiety contains 8 moles of amino acids, two of D aspargine, two of L-asparagine, and one of L-glutamine, L-proline, D-serine and D tyrosine. The peptide sequence was determinated by partial acid hydrolysis of mycosubtilin and isolation and structural determination of the peptides from the hydrolysates. Four liposoluble peptides and four hydrosoluble peptides were studied. The results gave the cyclic structure shown on Formula 1 for mycosubtilin. PMID- 816653 TI - Studies on the amount and location of the tRNA and 5-S rRNA genes in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. AB - The amount and location of tRNA and 5-S rRNA genes in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL was investigated by DNA-RNA hybridization. Hybridization of 32P-labelled tRNA in excess of unlabelled rRNA (25-S + 17-S + 5 S) showed that at saturation 0.021% of the macronuclear DNA was complementary to tRNA. Hybridization of 32P-labelled 5-S rRNA in excess of unlabelled 25-S + 17-S rRNA and tRNA showed a saturation value of 0.017%. In contrast to the 25-S + 17-S rRNA genes, which are found in DNA of high bouyant density, tRNA and 5-S rRNA genes were distributed evenly throughout the main peak observed when bulk macronuclear DNA was fractionated by density centrifugation in CsCl gradients. Sucrose gradient analyses of total macronuclear DNA showed that tRNA and 5-S rRNA genes were found in DNA of all size classes but a significant enrichment in the slowly sedimenting DNA fraction was observed. Saturation hybridization of 5-S rRNA to purified rDNA showed that rDNA did not contain any 5-S rRNA genes. PMID- 816654 TI - Purification by immunoadsorbtion chromatography of the normal and a mutant form of the B2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase. AB - Columns containing immobilized immunoglogulin G fractions from normal and immunized animals were used to purify the wild-type beta component of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase, formula alpha2 beta2, and a mutant form of the beta component. The procedure yielded proteins with no detectable contaminants as measured by analytical acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion against proteins subject to sodium dodecylsulfate acrylamide electrophoresis. After elution from the antibody column at pH 11 the normal beta component, by dialysis against pyridoxal phosphate at pH 7.5, could be restored to the enzymatically-active beta2 dimer with a specific activity of 1700 enzyme units/mg protein. This compares with reported values of 2500-3000 enzyme units/mg when the beta2 dimer is purified by conventional means. PMID- 816655 TI - The effect of synthetic anti-oestrogens on the growth and biochemistry of rat mammary tumours. PMID- 816656 TI - Effect of irradiation on immune cell-mediated cytolysis of tumour cells. PMID- 816657 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. A report of nine cases. AB - 9 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis are reported and the results of this study are compared with the data of the literature. The source of infection was known in 8 patients: 7 were nosocomial infections (cardiac catheterization in 5 cases, cardiac surgery in 2 cases). The diagnosis was made in 8 patients with left-sided endocarditis. In 1 patient tricuspid endocarditis was diagnosed on postmortem examination. Carbenicillin associated with an aminoglycoside antibiotic appeared to be the most effective treatment when prescribed for several weeks. 6 of 9 patients died of uncontrolled septicemia, 3 of whom underwent surgery which was twice performed because of poor hemodynamic status. In the other 3 patients drug administration was effective at first. However, a relapse occurred in these three cases compelling another effective antibiotic therapy. Surgery was peformed in these three patients. Valve cultures were negative in two cases and positive in 1. These 3 patients survived. They are still alive after a follow-up period of 2 or 3 years. PMID- 816658 TI - Potency of the N3im-methyl analog of TRH in the induction of shaking movements in the rat. AB - The relative potencies of TRH analogs in provoking a shaking response in rats were determined. Bilateral administration of 0.011-2.0 mug TRH analog into the periaqueductal-fourth ventricular spaces of the barbiturate-anesthetized rat showed that N3im-methyl TRH was approximately 10X more potent than TRH, whereas N1im-methyl TRH was approximately 10X less potent than TRH. These results indicate that the potencies of the TRH analogs in inducing shaking parallel their thyrotropin-releasing activities. PMID- 816659 TI - Effect of propranolol and nitroglycerin on hemoglobin--oxygen affinity. AB - The effect of propranolol on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (P-50) of coronary venous blood was studied in isolated canine hearts. I.v. administration of propranolol (0.5, 5.0 mg/kg) produced no significant change in P-50 over 4 hr. Following propranolol, an intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin (10 mug/min) increased P-50. Addition of propranolol (5 X 10(-5) M to 1 X 10(-4)M) to central venous blood in vitro produced a significant increase in P-50. These data indicate that propranolol increases P-50 in vitro but does not increase P-50 in vivo, whereas nitroglycerin increases P-50 In vivo but not in vitro. PMID- 816660 TI - Differential effects of calcium ion concentration on cell fusion, cell division and creatine kinase activity in mucle cell cultures. PMID- 816661 TI - Differences in DNA-binding proteins isolate from normal and transformed human cells. PMID- 816662 TI - An improved preparation of highly specific tublin antibodies. PMID- 816663 TI - Extracellular calcium and the organization of tight junctions in pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 816664 TI - Functional classification of cells in the optic tract of a tree shrew (Tupaia chinensis). PMID- 816665 TI - Long-latency corticocortical evoked responses in squirrel monkey frontal cortex. PMID- 816666 TI - Neoaplectana carpocapsae:encapsulation in Aedes aegypti and changes in host hemocytes and hemolymph proteins. PMID- 816667 TI - Plasmodium simium:ultrastructure of erythrocytic phase. PMID- 816668 TI - Genetic and evolutionary consequences of symbiosis. PMID- 816669 TI - Evidence for high and low activity carbonic anhydrases in the red cells of the dog. PMID- 816670 TI - Activity and antigenicity of ribonuclease hybrids. PMID- 816672 TI - Ribosomal RNA gene content in micronucleate and amicronucleate strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 816671 TI - The preliminary sequence of tRNA Met F from Anacystis nidulans compared with other initiator tRNAs. PMID- 816673 TI - Generation of specific antiserum to thyrotropin releasing-hormone and its use in a radioimmunoassay. PMID- 816675 TI - A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of serotonin with gangliosides. PMID- 816674 TI - A novel short-lived emission from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 816676 TI - Importance of genetic factors influencing the metabolism of foreign compounds. AB - Gene differences may alter an individual's response to foreign compounds by affecting their absorption, binding, distribution, excretion, biotransformation, or drug-drug interactions. Genetic differences in the metabolism of xenobiotics among inbred strains of various laboratory animals and model systems are reviewed. The inbred mouse has been studied most extensively. Genetic differences in toxicity are shown to be caused by various environmental pollutants in several inbred strains of mice and in siblings of the (C57BL/6N)(DBA/2N)F1 X DBA/2N backcross, in which the phenotypes "aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness" or "nonresponsiveness" had been predetermined. This trait of "responsiveness"--which refers to the capacity for induction of cytochrome P1450 and numerous monooxygenase activities by certain aromatic compounds--segregates almost exclusively as a single gene among offspring of this backcross. All nonresponsive mice ingesting benzo/a/pyrene (about 125 mg/kg per day) die within 4 weeks, whereas the survival of responsive mice receiving the chemical orally is not significantly different from that of control mice; the apparent cause of early death in these experiments in toxic depression of the bone marrow. The life span of animals exposed to certain environmental pollutants can therefore be markedly influenced by a single gene or a very small number of genes. The same genetic trait can be either beneficial or detrimental to the animal, depending on whether detoxification or metabolic potentiation occurs. There also may exist genetic differences in man's susceptibility to toxicity or cancer caused by the numerous foreign compounds in his environment. PMID- 816677 TI - Animal models of human ganglioside storage diseases. PMID- 816678 TI - Regulation of extracellular potassium concentration in epileptogenesis. AB - Characteristic elevations in the brain's extracellular potassium concentration [K+]0 occur during focal epileptogenesis. These changes have particular spatial and temporal profiles that are different in hippocampus and neocortex, and in mature and immature animals. Increases in [K+]0 cannot be the sole explanation for regional variations in seizure susceptibility, interictal-ictal transitions, or termination of ictal episodes. Excess [K+]0 is cleared primarily by passive diffusion with a small amount taken up into cells and blood vessels. Cortical neuroglia have sensitivities to changes in [K+]0 similar to that observed in glial cells in invertebrates and amphibia. However, discrepancies in the expected relationship between [K+]o and glial membrane potential Vm suggest either a heterogeneous population of glial cell types and/or the presence of a glial syncytium which acts as a spatial buffer to increases in [K+]0. PMID- 816679 TI - Ultrastructure of the embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 816681 TI - The immunological properties of Brucella ribosomal preparations. AB - Ribosomes were isolated from Brucella abortus strains 19 and 45/20 by disruption of the cells followed by differential ultracentrifugation. The ribosome preparations contained 2-3 components reacting in immunodiffusion tests but were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide-protein agglutinogen. They crossreacted with antisera to Br. abortus, Br. melitensis, Br. suis and Br. ovis and elicited intradermal delayed hypersensitivity reactions in animals infected with Br. abortus, Br. melitensis or Br. suis. The ribosomes were antigenic in rabbits, guinea pigs and mice. Those from Br. abortus S19 induced agglutinins reaction with smooth brucella strains whereas those from Br. abortus 45/20 induced agglutinins reacting with rough brucella strains. Cattle vaccinated with S19 or 45/20 vaccines or infected with Br. abortus developed pricipitins to ribosomal components at an early stage in the immune response. PMID- 816680 TI - [Biological properties and chemical composition of a soluble fraction of Brucella abortus. Monospecific A or M antigens]. AB - ABS, the supernatant of smooth B. abortus phenol-protected suspensions, is a protein, lipid, sugar and ARN complex containing all amino acids found in phenol water fractions from B. abortus and B. melitensis. ABS is non-toxic and immunizes mice against B. abortus challenge. Chromium chloride easily binds ABS to sheep erythrocytes (E ABS) for a specific and accurate passive hemagglutination test in brucellosis. E ABS are agglutinated by all antisera to fractions of B. abortus or B. melitensis, but not by the monospecific anti M serum. A study of the antigenic relationships between ABS and phenol-water fractions from smooth brucella strains leads to the isolation of sub-fractions fron the phenol precipitates of B. abortus or of B. melitensis that could contain only A or M antigens which react only with their respective monospecific A or M serum. PMID- 816682 TI - The immune response to Brucella abortus 45/20 adjuvant vaccine in terms of immunoglobin class. AB - Cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus 45/20 adjuvant vaccine developed agglutinins for rough brucella antigens which were largely of the IgG classes. Only small amounts of IgM rough agglutinins were produced at the earliest stages of the serological response. Non-agglutinating antibodies detectable in the antiglobulin test were mainly of IgG2 and IgGI classes. Cattle previously exposed to smooth brucella antigens, after vaccination with 45/20 adjuvant vaccine, initially developed high titres of IgM agglutinins reacting with smooth brucella antigens. Subsequently the agglutinins were largely of IgG type. The non agglutinating antibodies reacting with both smooth and rough antigens were largely of the IgG2 and IgGI sub-classes. PMID- 816683 TI - [Passive hemagglutination, lymphoblastic transformation, and leukocyte migration applied to the diagnosis of brucellosis]. AB - Passive hemagglutination test (HP) after binding of ABS antigen to SRBC by chromium chloride, lymphocyte transformation (TTL) and inhibition of leukocyte migration (TML) tests were compared to tube agglutination and complement fixation tests, and to clinical symptoms for diagnosis of brucellosis. Both TTL and TML persist for years after contact with brucella. HP is the most reliable serologic test. PMID- 816684 TI - [Treatment of experimental brucellosis of mice and guinea pigs by rifampicin]. AB - The intracellular and bactericidal activity of rifampicine was observed in the treatment of experimental brucellosis in the mouse and guinea pig. Batches of mice infected by intraperitoneal route with B. melitensis, strain 53 H 38, were treated with rifampicine (20 mg/kg/day) or with tetracycline-base (200 mg/kg/day). When the treatment begins 14 days after inoculation and lasts a week, the rifampicine produces a more significant decrease of the weight of the spleen than does tetracycline. After 14 days' treatment, apart from this effect, the degree of infection of the spleen decreases at least 10(5) times with rifampicine and 10(2) times with tetracycline. After 21 days, bacteriological sterilization is obtained with rifampicine whereas 66% of the tetracycline-treated mice are still infected. However, a residual infection of weak intensity persists in 6.6% of the rifampicine-treated mice against 75% of the tetracycline-treated mice, as shown by an injection of Corynebacterium parvum and a cortisone treatment at the end of the antibiotherapy. If the antibiotic treatment begins on the day of inoculation, the greatly superior efficacity of rifampicine is in that case more rapid. Rifampicine (100 mg/kg/day) offers comparable efficacity in the guinea pig infected by intraperitoneal route with B. abortus strain 544; these efficacity is shown by the decrease in the weight of the spleen and the intensity of splenic and ganglionic infection. The rapid decrease of agglutinins and amboceptors after 7 days of treatment suggests the possible role of a suppressor of this antibiotic. Finally, the effect of rifampicine on the growth of the guinea pig was noted. PMID- 816685 TI - [Influence of the mouse genotype on the sensitivity to Brucella abortus 544]. AB - The susceptibility to brucella infection (Brucella abortus 544) of different inbred mice and outbred CD1 strains has been studied. The degree of infection was determined on days 7 and 11 after challenge. The CBA and DBA2 strains showed greater susceptibility and homogeneity compared to the other strains (C57B16, C3H, C57B16 x DBA2) and to the CD1 mice. The kinetics of infection in DBA2 and CBA, compared to those of the CD1 for a longer period, show that the degree of infection decreases rapidly after 11 days. However, 90 days after challenge, the level of infection in DBA2 mice remains higher than in CBA and CD1. The DBA2 strain seems able to provide an improvement for anti-brucella vaccine control. PMID- 816686 TI - [Evaluation of antibrucellosis vaccines using guinea pigs]. AB - In the preliminary stage of a global study made in our laboratory to compare the control technics of antibrucella vaccines (abortus) both in mice and guinea pigs, we have studied the kinetics of brucella infection in the Hartley guinea pig after various doses of Brucella abortus strain 544. Two trials have been carried out: the first with 5000 and 10000 bacteria and the second with 5000, 10000 and 30000 bacteria. The results obtained allow to envisage the use of a challenge dose of at least 10000 bacteria (instead of 5000) and the sacrifice of animals at the 4th week (a gain of two weeks compared to the present protocol). PMID- 816687 TI - [Evaluation of antibrucellic vaccines in mice]. AB - The activity of the antibrucellic vaccines was tested on mice by vaccination at varying doses. The vaccinated mice and the controls were then challenged with a fixed quantity of virulent brucella. The animals were then sacrificed, the spleens were weighed and a count was taken of the virulent brucella which they contained. These two indications, weight of the spleen and intensity of infection, allow to compare the activity of the vaccines and to have an indispensible routine test for production control. PMID- 816688 TI - The role of living vaccines in prophylaxis. AB - Although strain 19 vaccine has been widely recognized as the most effective vaccine for the control of bovine brucellosis, its use in the United States has declined in the last ten years. When the national level of infection was reduced to 1%, it was believed possible to move towards complete eradication of bovine brucellosis. The continued use of strain 19 vaccine was thought to interfere with the goal of complete eradication because: 1. persistence of serum agglutination titers in some animals caused confusion in the serological diagnosis, 2. occasional persistence of strain 19 infection in adult animals caused reactions in surveillance tests which required follow-up herd tests, 3. vaccination was reported to "mask" virulent infection in a herd by prolonging the incubation period. These perceived disadvantages of strain 19 are discussed in relation to the benefits derived from its use in infected areas. In the last ten years the number of calves vaccinated with strain 19 has steadily declined, whereas the national average of infected cattle has remained stationary. The level of infection in some areas has increased however. The date for complete eradication of bovine brucellosis in the United States has had to be postponed. A retrospective examination of the brucellosis eradication program shows that in general those states which vaccinated 40% or more of their eligible calves with strain 19 were able to eradicate brucellosis. States which still have a bovine brucellosis problem, in general, have never employed wide-scale vaccination. Other factors contributing to these differences in the progress of eradication will be discussed. The important role of strain 19 in the successful eradication of bovine brucellosis in some areas of the United States has been the reduction in the level of infection to the point where eradication was economically feasible. PMID- 816689 TI - An assessment of investigations conducted in the USA on Brucella abortus strain 45/20 bacterins. AB - The results of five investigations in cattle using 45/20 Bacterins are presented and evaluated. Seemingly contradictory results may be the result of one or more modifications in project design or in procedures. In these trials, there appeared to be no significant difference in the level of protection for cattle when using either intramuscular or subcutaneous routes of injection or when 10 or 12 week intervals between doses were used in cattle 6 months of age or older. Also, the relative resistance to subsequent exposure was not significantly different in which only 45/20 Bacterins were administered. There were apparent differences in protection between cattle receiving one versus two doses of 45/20 Bacterin or initially vaccinated with 45/20 Bacterin at 3 months of age and again 15 weeks later compared to older age groups vaccinated at 10 or 12 week intervals between doses. The disproportionate infection rate among 45/20 vaccinated animals in the last completed investigation suggests that cattle in infected herds subjected to multiple exposures to virulent organisms do not develop adequate resistance. Local and systemic reactions following the administration of 45/20 Bacterin were also noted in some groups. PMID- 816690 TI - A recent trial comparing two 45/20 adjuvant Brucella vaccines. AB - Two commercially prepared killed 45/20 adjuvant Brucella abortus vaccines were compared, under controlled experimental conditions, with regard to local reactions at the site of injection, serological reactions and immunogenicity. Preliminary trials were carried out in yearling cattle and guinea pigs. Three groups of 13 maiden heifers were involved. One group was vaccinated with Abortox, one group was vaccinated with Duphavac and the third group was kept as unvaccinated controls. Following service, eight, ten and eleven heifers were found pregnant in each group respectively. All were infected at mid-gestation with 15.5 x 10(6) organisms of Brucella abortus S544 (Weybridge 1955). Brucella abortus was recovered from all of the controls, from two of the Abortox vaccinates and from three of the Duphavic vaccinates. The serological reactions are discussed. PMID- 816691 TI - The serological response to rough and smooth brucella antigens in cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 45/20 adjuvant vaccine. AB - Cattle not previously exposed to Brucella abortus responded to a single dose of Br. abortus 45/20 adjuvant vaccine by producing low titres of agglutinins for rough brucella antigens and little or no agglutinins to the smooth antigens. Moderate titres of non-agglutinating antibodies reacting with both rough and smooth antigens were also produced. After a second dose of 45/20 vaccine higher titres of rough agglutinins and low titres of antibodies reacting with smooth antigens were produced. High titres of non-agglutinating antibodies reacting with both rough and smooth antigens were also produced. Animals previously exposed to smooth Br. abortus, either as strain 19 vaccine or virulent organisms, produced high titres of antibodies to smooth antigens soon after vaccination with 45/20 adjuvant vaccine. High titres of antibodies reacting with rough and smooth antigens were also produced. The evidence suggests that the Br. abortus strain 45/20 shares a surface antigenic component with smooth brucellae. The possible relationship of this to the protective antigen is discussed. PMID- 816692 TI - [Brucella and modification of the host response to bacterial and viral infection. Effect of the S-R variation]. AB - Within the framework of a study on the immunostimulant properties of Brucella abortus and of its extracts, we have investigated the protective activity on infection of mice by Klebsiella pneumoniae and on Charlotte Friend's leukemia, of inactivated Brucella abortus and brucella lysates by ultrasound. The injection of inactivated B 19 R preparations and their lysates three days before infection by klebsiella has allowed to protect mice against a large number of DL50 (100 and 1000 in certain cases). To determine the role of the surface antigen in this type of immunostimulant, the activity of the B 19 R inactivated preparations has also been examined. It appears that the protection obtained by the injection on day J + 3, in relation to the infection, does not depend on the presence of the complete surface antigen, while the long term effect seems to be more dependent on this. The development of Charlotte Friend's leukemia has been favourably influenced by the previous injection of B 19 S or inactivated B 19 R. Immunotherapy on days J + 1 or J + 3 gave encouraging results with B 19 R, but facilitation with B 19 S. These results confirm the immunostimulant activity of brucella which has already been reported by ourselves and by other authors. PMID- 816693 TI - Dual significance of hepatic cholinesterase as an index of liver involvement and state of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - 159 cases of different forms of PCM (K.W.O., marasmic K.W.O., marasmus & nutritional oedema together with 20 cases normal healthy controls were selected. Serum, red blood cells and liver cholinesterases were estimated together with serum total protein and serum albumin. Pathological liver examination was done for every case, some cases from each group were followed-up till clinical recovery and the same investigations were done to them. The results indicate that the serum and hepatic pseudo-cholinesterase activity parallels directly the serum albumin (not the total proteins) as well as the pathological changes in the liver. The diminution in enzymatic activities and serum proteins coincides with the severity of the liver affection in the various forms of PCM. Insignificant change in true cholinesterase was demonstrated in all cases studied. Follow-up studies in a number of cases till clinical recovery revealed the return to normal of enzymatic activity and serum albumin is concomitant with restoration of normal pathological liver finding. The significance of changes in serum and liver cholinesterase activities as indices of the extent of liver involvement as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values was discussed. PMID- 816694 TI - Biochemical and haematological aspects of anaemia associating protein energy malnutrition (PEM). AB - Haematological as well as biochemical parameters assessing anaemia associating protein energy malnutrition PEM were estimated. Data revealed that controls studied have a relatively lower Hb, Ht, and R.B.C.S. count than European standards. Hypochromic anaemia was predominant in 83.3% of moderate Kwashiorkor being normocytic in 50% and microcytic in 33.3%. In severe KWO anaemia was normocytic in 42% and microcytic in 19.2%. Normochromia was found in 9.7% and hypochromia in 29%. Macrocytosis was found in 38.8% in severe KWO. In marasmus, normocytic anaemia was revealed in 74% of the 2nd. grade being normochromic in 82% and hypochromic in 40%. Macrocytic anaemia was detected in 26%. In 3rd. grade subjects normocytic normochromic anaemia occurred in 70% of the cases. Macrocytosis was encountered among 30% of the cases. Serum iron and transferrin level dropped in both KWO and marasmus, the extent of decrease was greater in the former. The percent transferrin saturation was elevated in severe cases. Particularly severe KWO and marasmic KWO. PMID- 816695 TI - Ascorbic acid effect on intestinal iron absorption in different types of anaemias. AB - The study deals with investigations on anaemia due to iron or protein calorie deficiency and that associating acute glomerulonephritis, nephrosis and schistosoma haematobium. The rate of intestinal iron absorption using an oral dose of ferrous sulphate equivalent to 4 mg clemental iron/kg body weight was studied. The supplementing action of ascorbic acid in iron absorption in these cases was also investigated. The rate of intestinal iron absorption was enhanced in pure iron deficiency anaemia, acute glomerulonephritis and schistosoma haematobium, retarded in kwashiorkor, marasmus and nephrosis. Ascorbic acid markedly promoted iron absorption in normal subjects but slightly in pure iron deficiency anaemia. It improved iron absorption in acute glomerulonephritis and schistosoma haematobium but not in kwashiorkor, marasmus and nephrotic cases. It is concluded that ascorbic acid supplementation is of certain beneficial effect in alleviating the state of anaemia when intestinal iron absorption is not impaired. Also, it may prove to be of value to be given along with protein rehabilitation in anaemias associating protein deficiency. PMID- 816696 TI - Histopathology and histochemistry of the kidney in marasmic Egyptian children. AB - Percutaneous renal biopsy was done in 15 infants and children with third degree marasmus and in five normal controls. All the cases were free from infection. Histopathological changes as shown in sections stained with hematoxylin and cosin include patchy areas of colloid degeneration and thickening of the walls of some blood vessels in 10 out of 15 marasmic cases. Some proximal convoluted tubules appeared small or atrophic, others are somewhat dilated with decreased thickness of their walls, while others showed necrotic changes. The distal convoluted tubules in the medulla appeared vacuolated and distorted. The activity of the enzyme succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) is markedly inhibited especially in the distal convoluted tubules in all the patients studied. PMID- 816697 TI - Study of the pattern of Widal test in infants and children. I. Pattern of Widal test among apparently normal infants and children. AB - 690 apparently normal infants and children from Assiut-Upper Egypt--were submitted to Widal test. They were 0-15 years old, of both sexes (382 males and 308 females) and from both the urban and rural localities (433 and 257 respectively). --The frequency of single agglutinin titers is discussed. --The dual Widal titer combining "O" agglutinin in a titer of 1/40 or more with "H" agglutinin 1/80 or more, was fulfilled by 252 (36.5%) :-- A--106 (15.3%) showed a simultaneous rise of T."H", paratyphi A "H" and paratyphi B "H" agglutinins suggesting an effect of recent previous T.A.B. vaccination. B--146 persons (21.1%), showed a rise of only one or two "H" agglutinins, probably an effect of natural exposure to enteric fever agents reflecting the endemicity of infection. Further study of this group revealed: 1--There is a past experience with a single enteric fever agent in 63 persons (9.1%) with the following order of frequency : S.typhi (5.2%), S. paratyphi A (2.9%) and S. Paratyphi B. (1.01%). 2--The distribution of the group with rise of only one or two "H" agglutinins, by age, sex and locality is discussed. Apparently there is an initial high rate in the first year of life that declines in the age group 1--5 years to increase in the age group 6--9 years and the older age groups. PMID- 816698 TI - Study of the pattern of Widal test in infants and children; II. Pattern of Widal test in children with enteric fevers. An attempt to define the diagnostic titer for upper Egypt. AB - The study embodied 45 children with enteric fevers proved by bacteriological culture of blood, stools and urine and 20 children with rheumatic fever. Widal test was done for the rheumatic fever cases and was done repeatedly at weekly intervals for the enteric fever cases. The clinical features of children with enteric fevers was discussed. By contrasting the results of Widal test in children with enteric fever with the results in apparently normal infants and children from the same locality, a minimal diagnostic dual Widal titer was suggested. This combines "O" agglutinin in a titer of 1/160 provided that the other "H" agglutinins are at a lower titer. This suggested diagnostic titer improved the specificity of Widal test. This titer is encountered only in 0.58% of normal individuals and in none of 20 children with rheumatic fever. This titer also yielded an excellent sensitivity to diagnose actual enteric fever cases reaching up to 93.3%. Bacterial isolates from enteric fever cases were S. typhi in 55.5%, S. paratyphi A in 33.3% and S. paratyphi B in 11.1%. Chloramphenicol therapy resulted in a higher cure rate and a more rapid defervescence than ampicillin therapy. Regarding the effect of these antibiotic therapies on the rise of Widal agglutinin titers in children with enteric fevers there are two observations : 1--A four fold rise, is uncommon. A two fold rise is the common finding. 2--There is no consistent difference between chloramphenicol and ampicillin as regards their effect on the rise of agglutinin titers. PMID- 816700 TI - [Amebic liver abscess]. PMID- 816699 TI - Effects of oral versus intravenous nutrition on intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in the dog. AB - To study the influence of luminal nutrition on the structural and functional adaptive changes which are seen in the residual intestine after partial small bowel resection, quantitative histology, in vitro uptake of 14C l-leucine, mucosal enzyme activities, and in vivo absorption of glucose were studied before and 6 weeks after 50% proximal small bowel resection in 10 greyhound dogs, 5 of which were nourished exclusively by the intravenous route while 5 were pair-fed by mouth. In the orally fed jejunectomized dogs, the ileum became dialed with mucosal hyperplasia, the villus height increased from 796 +/- SEM 26 mum to 1102 +/- 28 mum (P less than 0.001), and there was a corresponding increase in glucose absorption in vivo (milligrams -centimeter of intestine -1min-1) from 5.3 +/- 1.2 to 10.1 +/-1.6. The increased absorption seems mainly caused by the dilation and villus hyperplasia, since there was no significant change in in vitro absorption and mucosal enzyme activity when expressed per unit weight of intestine. In the absence of exogenous luminal nutrition, the well nourished intravenously fed dogs showed no evidence of functional adaptation and a significant fall in mean ileal villus height from 823 +/-48 mum at the initial operation to 732 +/-57 mum 6 weeks after jejunectomy. These results provide the most direct evidence to date that luminal nutrition is essential for the development of intestinal adaptation after resection. They also suggest that luminal contents are necessary to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the normal small bowel. PMID- 816701 TI - [Intestinal amebiasis]. AB - Infection produced by Entamoeba histolytica constitutes a clinical problem of great importance due to its frequence and serious complications. Age, diagnosis and clinical manifestations, phisic exploration, lab. procedures, proctosigmoidoscopy, radiology, complications, pathologic anatomy, statistical reports from the Ministry of Health and Social Asistence in addition we emphasize on the importance of an accurate and precocious diagnosis. We expose an effective terapeutic regimen for the different amibiasis states. PMID- 816702 TI - [Selective abdominal arteriography in the diagnosis of amebic liver abscess]. AB - Angiographic findings in 8 patients with final diagnosis of amebic hepatic abscess are presented. Avascular areas were found in 8 patients, arterial desplacement in 6, arterial stretching in 6, increased hepatic artery caliber in 2 and hypervascular periabscess zones in 3. Specificity of these findings is discussed. PMID- 816703 TI - [Crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the serological diagnosis of amebiasis]. AB - Sixty-two patients were divided into two groups, and their sera was analyzed. a) In the first series, a study was made of the sera of patients with hepatic abscess wherein tests were positive in 100% of the cases. b) In the second serie, a study was made of the sera of patients with evidence of amoebiasis wherein tests were negative in 100% of the cases. Evaluation and diagnoses of patients were performed on the basis of clinical, radiological, scintillogram, coprological and endoscopic examinations. PMID- 816704 TI - [Various considerations with respect to acute amebic rectocolitis]. PMID- 816705 TI - [Pseudotumoral eosinophilic ileocolitis of parasitic origen]. AB - Two cases of pseudotumoral eosinophilic ileocolitis are described. Apparently there are two forms: the first produced by nematodes with vasculitis and the other one produced by microfilaria with eosinophilic granulomatas. Similar observations are published in Costa Rica. Clinical importance, location and differential are discussed. PMID- 816707 TI - Chromosome studies in wild populations of D. melanogaster. AB - Chromosome studies of wild D. melanogaster populations from Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas uncovered 58 inversions. Six were common and cosmopolitan; 52 were new, rare and generally endemic. In one of two Missouri populations tested, structurally heterozygous females carried significantly more sperm at capture than did the homozygotes. In both populations comparisons of wild sperms with the females carrying them indicated significant positive assortative mating and an excess production of homozygotes among the F1 progeny. Wild females structurally heterozygous in up to three major autosomal arms showed no associated nondisjunctional egg lethality; those heterozygous in all four arms produced from 0% to 24% dead eggs, suggesting the presence of intrapopulational gene modifiers of meiosis. Texas populations supported on windfall citrus fruit showed a slight but significant difference in inversion frequencies between flies breeding on oranges and those breeding on grapefruit. Within these populations inversions were not distributed at random among individuals; rather there was an observed excess of individuals carrying intermediate numbers, and a deficiency of those carrying very few or very many inversions. While there was no significant linkage disequilibrium associated with this central tendency, there was a significant interchromosomal interaction: flies carrying inversions in chromosome 2 tended not to carry them in chromosome 3, and vice versa. PMID- 816706 TI - [Current status of the treatment of hepatic and intestinal amebiasis]. PMID- 816708 TI - Scientists count brain cells to figure theory of aging. PMID- 816709 TI - [Influence of various combinations of antitubercular agents on the course of experimental tuberculous infections and development of drug resistance]. PMID- 816710 TI - Dimensions of the infant monkey upper airway. AB - Upper airways of infant Macaque monkeys were measured with respect to twenty-one dimensions of endocasts. Measurements were tabulated and plotted against age and body weight. Dimensions of the upper airway of these animals are characterized by variability. PMID- 816712 TI - Differentiation of antigen-binding cells in the teleost Carassius auratus and in the anuran Bufo marinus. PMID- 816711 TI - Nuclear proteins and chromatin ultrastructure in normal and CLL lymphocytes. PMID- 816713 TI - Fasting bilirubinaemia in haemolytic and Gilbert's patients. PMID- 816714 TI - [Effect of prolonged x-ray exposure on stimulated nitroblue-tetrazolium test (author's transl)]. PMID- 816715 TI - The role of hemocoagulation in acute clinical rejection of kidney allograft. Clinical and therapeutical investigations in 48 patients. PMID- 816716 TI - [Subcutaneous calcium heparin in hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 816717 TI - [Factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with mild haemophilia A (author's transl)]. PMID- 816718 TI - [An historical outline on the discovery of fetal haemoglobin]. PMID- 816719 TI - [Response to TSH and TRH in various endocrine diseases]. PMID- 816720 TI - Distribution of Sarcocystis (Protozoa: Sporozoa) in vertebrates. PMID- 816721 TI - Ecological comparative analysis of parasite fauna of Rutilus rutilus L. and Coregonus albula L. from waters of the European part of the Arctic Ocean Province. AB - The differences between the parasite fauna of Rutilus rutilus L. and Coregonus albula L. are caused by the fact that the former host is more warm-requiring and the conditions in waters of the Arctic Ocean Province of the Circumpolar Subregion are less favourable to it. On the other hand, C. Albula, which is a northern species, lives here under optimal conditions. R. rutilus is bentophytophagous and C. albula planktophagous species, which results in the differences in species composition of their parasites. Also differences in the growth and seasonal and annual changes of their parasite fauna have been observed. PMID- 816722 TI - [Parenteral feeding. Biochemical and clinical findings during continuous long term infusion of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol. 2. Clinical aspects, discussion and results]. AB - Four groups of six volunteers were given continuous infusions of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol in a dosage of 0.25 g/kg body weight over 48 hours. All solutions were well tolerated provided that potassium was supplemented in sufficient amounts. During the first 12 hour period of xylitol infusion renal potassium loss was greater than during infusion of all other substrates. No substantial differences in the alterations of the other parameters were noted between glucose and glucose substitutes. The only exception was the rise in serum uric acid concentration during infusion of xylitol and of fructose, which was not noted during infusion of glucose or sorbitol. The concentration of serum bilirubin was elevated during infusion of all four substances. The decrease in serum free fatty acid concentration was equally caused by glucose, fructose, xylitol or sorbitol. The increase in serum triglyceride concentration was observed earlier during the infusion of glucose substitutes as compared to glucose. Blood glucose concentration was only elevated during infusion of glucose. In the post infusion period there was quick rise in fatty acid concentration after cessation of glucose infusion. This normalisation occurred more slowly after stopping fructose and particulary xylitol or sorbitol. These results have no indications for adverse effects of the continuous infusions of glucose or glucose substitutes. PMID- 816724 TI - Triiodothyronine withdrawal-a possible test for hypothalamic-pituitary-throid adequacy. AB - The aim of this study was to develop a test which could be used as a complement to the assay of serum TSH and the TRH test in the evaluation of hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid adequacy. When T3, 75mug per day, was given to healthy subjects for 7 days (days 1-7), a significant rebound of serum TSH over the basal value was found on at least two of days 15-17 in nine of ten cases, provided potassium iodide, 10 mg per day, was also given on days 6-16. A much more pronounced rebound of TSH was obtained when thyroid hormone release was more rigorously blocked with the following medication: 125 mug T3 on days 1-7, 500 mg KI on days 1-16, and 400 mg of a slowly resorbed lithium carbonate preparation on days 1-16. In the latter case TSH rose from an average basal value of 0.96 muU/ml to a mean of 3.41 muU/ml on day 17 in 10 healthy subjects. In a subsequent experiment a similar TSH rebound was obtained with with 125 mug T3 (days 1-7) and 500 mg KI (days 1-16) only. The mechanism whereby the TSH rebound is brought about, remains to be established. One possibility is a transhypothalamic action. In this case the procedure may prove useful as a clinical test for the detection of slight degrees of hypothalamic insufficiency which cannot be diagnosed with certainty by the TRH test. The present experiments provide indirect evidence for a suppressive action of comparatively small doses (10 mg per day) of KI on thyroid hormone release in healthy subjects. PMID- 816723 TI - Paradoxical modulation of thyrotrope responsiveness to TRH during the treatment of thyrotoxic patients: apparent absence of feed-back regulation. AB - Eight patients with active thyrotoxicosis have been followed up to one year after the onset of antithyroid treatment. At different time intervals during the investigation period, TRH tests were performed and total T4 and T3 basal levels were measured. The TRH-induced TSH release was delayed in all patients in spite of a normalization of the circulating levels of thyroid hormones. The delay varied according to the patients and lasted, in some cases, for as long as 24 weeks after the normalization of the thyroid hormone levels. Administration of thyroid hormones, together with methimazole, did not seem to prevent the pituitary thyrotropes responsiveness; moreover, it did not provoke an inhibition of the TRH-induced TSH release once the thyrotropes reactivity was fully restored. The feed-back mechanism does not seem to be the main modulator of the pituitary responsiveness to TRH in these circumstances. PMID- 816725 TI - Ovarian hormones and food intake in female guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 816726 TI - Central sterile work core adds space, reduces contamination. PMID- 816727 TI - Greater effort needed to control costs. PMID- 816728 TI - Computerization in microbiology. AB - Computerization of the clinical microbiology laboratory is finally coming of age. Operations and functions easily adapted from other clinical laboratories have already been implemented in the microbiology laboratory, e.g., fiscal, clerical, and other administrative housekeeping chores. Similarly, storage, retrieval, and analysis of banks of data easily collected and filed have also been successfully accomplished in microbiology for several years. The more challenging problems of computerization still deserve and require the attention of microbiologists. These problems lie in the smooth sequential formulation and transmission of clinical microbiological test results from the laboratory to clinical records; the manipulation of relevant data by the computer prospectively for the detection and prediction of nosocomial infections or miniepidemics; and the development of programed lessons and examinations for computerized instruction, retraining, and examination of technologists and other individuals interested in microbiology. PMID- 816730 TI - Comparison of the antibody produced by DNCB fed, sensitized and conventionally immunized strain 13 guinea pigs. PMID- 816729 TI - Comparative studies on the specificity of anticlastogenic action in human lymphocytes in culture. AB - Comparative studies on human lymphocyte cultures yielded a certain specificity of the anticlastogenic action of the SH compounds l-cysteine, cysteamine, and beta aminoethylisothiouronium (AET) as well as of the amide l-asparagine and the amino acid l-methionine. This specific anticlastogenic activity manifested itself in specific changes of the spectrum of aberration types induced by the clastogens and of the pattern of intercellular distribution of the induced aberrations. It was clearly dependent on the concentration of the anticlastogens but was also influenced by the used clastogen. The use of different culture media yielded some quantitative influences on the anticlastogenic activity, but fundamental changes in the spectrum of anticlastogenic action have not been observed except with cysteamine. The patterns of activity ascertained for the different anticlastogens specifically differed from those changes in the spectrum and pattern of distribution of aberrations induced by a mere reduction of the concentration for instance of Trenimon. Therefore a direct reaction between the protectors and the clastogen Trenimon as the cause of the observed anticlastogenic action was again excluded. The presented data are also discussed under the aspects of the hypotheses of aberration induction as well as of their importance for further antimutagen research. PMID- 816731 TI - The variability of human lambda-chain constant regions and some relationships to V-regions sequences. PMID- 816732 TI - Biosynthesis and assembly of IgM. Addition of J chain to intracellular pools of 8S and 19S IgM. PMID- 816733 TI - Physico-chemical characterization of murine J chain. PMID- 816734 TI - Separation of an adjuvant-active glycolipid lacking peptide moiety from wax D preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain aoyama B. PMID- 816735 TI - Polyclonal nature of the IgM from dysgammaglobulinemic chickens. AB - Chickens bursectomized at hatch and/or treated with anti-immunoglobulin reagents such as anti-mu, anti-upsilon and F(ab')2 anti-mu may become agammaglobulinemic, hypogammaglobulinemic, hypergammaglobulinemic or exhibit normal levels of immunoglobulins. IgM and IgY produced by these dysgammaglobulinemic chickens were demonstrated to be polyclonal in origin. The IgM from chickens with hyper-IgM globulinemia is also polyclonal in origin unlike the situation seen in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. These data do not rule out restricted allotype or subclass expression. PMID- 816737 TI - Epidemiological typing of Ps. aeruginosa: aeruginocine typing of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from heterogenous clinical material and its comparison with Gillies and Govan pyocine typing method. PMID- 816736 TI - Radioimmunoassay for human T-cell associated antigens on MOLT 4 cultured cells. AB - We have detected antigens associated with two malignant T-cell lines by use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Baboon antisera to a cultured malignant T cell line (MOLT 4F) were prepared and the gammaG-anti-MOLT 4F was enriched by specific adsorption onto, and elution from, MOLT 4F cells followed by repeated absorption with pools of 21 established, long-term cultured B cell lines. Purified 125I gammaG-anti-MOLT 4F preparation was tested for relative binding to autologous (MOLT 4F) and allogenetic (Sommer-RPMI 8402) T cells as well as B cells, including Sommer B cells (RPMI 8392). The degree of enrichment of antibody to malignant T cell associated antigens, expressed in terms of the ratios of the amount of globulin bound by T cells relative to the amount bound by B cells, were 6.3 and 5.0 for MOLT 4F and Sommer T cells, respectively. PMID- 816739 TI - Sphingolipid errors in mentally retarded south Indian children--I. PMID- 816738 TI - Perinatal listeriosis: a bacteriological and serological study. PMID- 816740 TI - Endogenous viruses in primary rhesus kidney cultures. PMID- 816741 TI - Immunological studies in protein malnutrition: observations on 'RES' function in mice suffering from protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 816742 TI - A study on toxicity of argemone oil in experimental animals. PMID- 816743 TI - Comparison of antigens in sonic and pressure cell extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Comparisons were made of the yield, chemical content, and biological activity of filtrates and extracts obtained by sonic and pressure cell disruption of bacilli from 4- and 8-week-old Proskauer and Beck cultures of the H37Rv strain (TMC no. 102) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The culture filtrates were dialyzed, freeze dried, reconstituted in saline, and sterilized by membrane filtration. The viable bacilli were washed and resuspended in distilled water and subsequently disrupted either by sonication in the cold for 15 or 30 min or by treatment at 20,000 or 40,000 lb/in2 in a pressure cell. The resulting extracts were clarified by centrifugation, concentrated, and sterilized by filtration. All preparations were adjusted to contain 10 mg of solids (dry weight)/ml and were analyzed quantitatively for protein, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, polysaccharide, and lipid content. Separation patterns obtained by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as by one- and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, provided the basis for qualitative comparisons of the culture filtrates and cell extracts. Three-point dose-response curves also were used to compare the preparations for skin test reactivity in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. It was concluded that, although there were no consistent differences in chemical content or biological activity between the preparations, a 15-min sonic treatment appeared to be the most suitable method for preparation of bacillary extracts based on yield of active components and ease of preparation. PMID- 816744 TI - Role of plasma filtration in the intestinal fluid secretion mediated by infection with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mechanisms whereby invasive enteropathogens, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, induce intestinal secretion are largely unknown. Since these organisms penetrate the intestinal epithelium, disrupt the brush border, and evoke an acute inflammatory reaction, increased plasma filtration through a damaged, more permeable epithelium might contribute to the secretory process. To examine this possibility, the plasma-to-lumen clearance of two different sized molecules, [51Cr]albumin and [14C]mannitol, was measured in the in vivo rabbit ileal loop and in vivo rhesus monkey models of salmonellosis. In the rabbit ileal loop model, the clearance of neither molecule was increased when compared to cholera toxin-exposed loops. In the rhesus monkey, clearance of [14C]mannitol into the jejunum, ileum, and colon of Salmonella-infected animals did not differ from the observed in control animals. These data indicate that invasion of the intestinal mucosa by S. typhimurium has not substantially altered the permeability characteristics of the intestinal mucosa and that plasma filtration through a damaged, more permeable mucosa does not contribute to the Salmonella-induced intestinal secretory process. PMID- 816746 TI - [Incidence and resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa 1970-1973 in hospitalized patients at the Bonn University hospital]. AB - The resistance of Ps. aeruginosa to 100 mug carbenicillin and 30 mug gentamicin was analyzed for all strains originating from hospitalized patients between 1970 and 1973. Eighty per cent of all isolates were inhibited by 100 mug carbenicillin and 90% by 30 mug gentamicin (1973). Most Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the surgerical and pediatric departments, however the two departments seem to show different tendencies. It is concluded from the results obtained that resistant strains normally do not survive for a long time in one unit since the pattern of the resistance shows considerable differences six months later. PMID- 816745 TI - Human fallopian tubes in organ culture: preparation, maintenance, and quantitation of damage by pathogenic microorganisms. AB - An experimental organ culture model has been developed in which rates of damage to fallopian tube mucosa by agents of sexually transmitted diseases can be quantitated. This required assessment of the effect on organ cultures of such variables as the anatomic area of the fallopian tube employed, endocrinological status of the donor, and composition of media. Organ cultures established from the ampulla of tubes of nonpregnant, premenopausal women and maintained with Eagle minimal essential medium containing 0.05 M N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2 ethanesulfonic acid buffer were most suitable for quantitative studies. Various means of quantitating damage to fallopian tube mucosa were evaluated. Of these, sequential estimations of ciliary vigor and percentage of the periphery of fallopian tube pieces with active cilia proved the most successful. To assess the specificity of the model, fallopian tube organ cultures were infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or N. pharyngis, a commensal Neisseria. Damage by N. gonorrhoeae was significantly greater than that by N. pharyngis at each period of observation (P less than 0.001), suggesting that, by using the model, differences in virulence can be determined in vitro that reflect differences in virulence for humans. This model is a potentially valuable tool for studying the interaction of human genital mucosa with known or suspected agents of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 816747 TI - An immunocytotoxic assay for Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 816748 TI - Effects of high-LET particles (40A) on the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - To investigate the effects of galactic heavy particles on nervous tissue, Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to 40A from the Super-HILAC accelerator at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The energy of the particles reaching the Drosophila neurons was 4-8 MeV/nucleon, and the fluence ranged from 6 X 10(4) to 8 X 10(7) particles/cm2. Thirty-five days after irrdiation at the higher fluences, extensive tissue fragmentation and cysts were found. At fluences as low as one hit/two cell bodies (about 5 X 10(6)) and one hit/90 cell bodies (about 9 X 10(4) particles/cm2 or 21 rad average dose) swelling of neuronal cytoplasm and focally fragmented membranes were noted; at fluences ranging from one hit/six to one hit/135 cell bodies, there was frequently a marked increase in glial lamellae around nerve-cell processes, which often had degenerative features. These findings support the view that single hits by heavy particles may injure nervous tissue. PMID- 816749 TI - Hepatic drug metabolism and lipid peroxidation in thiamine deficient rats. AB - In vitro metabolism of aminopyrene, ethylmorphine (Type I substrates), N methylaniline and acetanilide (Type II substrates) in liver microsomal fraction from thiamine deficient male and female rats was studied. No significant change in microsomal protein content was noticed during the period of thiamine deficiency. However, a significant increase in the in vitro oxidation of aminopyrene, ethylmorphine, N-methylaniline and hydroxylation of acetanilide was observed. The NADPH linked and ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation was also increased during thiamine deficiency. The levels of NADPH cytochrome c-reductase, cytochrome b5 and heme were noticeably increased in thiamine deficient animals as compared to normal rats. Phenobarbital treatment induced the activities of all drug enzymes and inhibited the lipid peroxidation in either sex during the period of thiamine deficiency. It appears that thiamine intake is an important determination in drug metabolism and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 816750 TI - Elevated serum xanthine oxidase activity following biliary tract and gastric surgery. AB - The activity of serum xanthine oxidase, an enzyme mainly found in the liver, was determined in a random series of patients who underwent abdominal surgery of varying severity. Enzyme activity rose markedly on completion of operation in almost all patients undergoing biliary tract and gastric surgery, but not in those undergoing surgery of other abdominal organs, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level rose to a smaller degree and in a smaller proportion of the patients. Elevation of the serum level of both enzymes following biliary and gastric surgery reflects hepatocellular damage caused by surgical trauma to the liver. PMID- 816751 TI - The evolution of the mitotic spindle. PMID- 816752 TI - Metabolism of 14C palmitic acid by the lens. AB - 14C palmitic acid is oxidized in vitro by the intact human, monkey, bovine, rabbit, and rat lens. 14CO2 and 14C-glutamic acid are formed. PMID- 816753 TI - The effect of delaying incubation in a C02-enriched environment on gonococci. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated from 1,019 (39.8%) of 2,558 male patients examined in a venereal disease clinic. Three specimens per patient were plated on Thayer-Martin medium. One plate was placed in a C02 -enriched environment and incubated immediately. The other two were held at room temperature in a standard atmosphere for 1-4 hours before similar processing. A statistically significant loss of N. gonorrhoeae was found when placement in a candle jar and incubation was delayed 2 or more hours. Morever, the appearance of colonies was delayed and colonial size and number were significantly reduced in specimens held 2 hours or longer before incubation in a candle jar. PMID- 816754 TI - Sources of the slow-growing pigmented water bacteria. AB - The group of organisms often labelled as "slow-growing pigmented water bacteria" may include various species of the Xanthomonas, Cytophoga, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Flavobacterium genera. Due to their slow growth, this group is usually overlooked in the average clinical laboratory since the pigmented colonies are most easily noted on membrane filter pads or on surface streaked agar plates, but only after 5-15 days of incubation at room temperature. Although present at low levels in free-flowing domestic water supplies (less than 1 per ml), they can be easily isolated by swabbing sink faucets, drinking fountain heads, surgical scrub sink heads and aerators, dental chair spray units, and from the air water interface in humidifiers, nebulizers, water baths, and reservoirs where the water may remain static for weeks. Although not considered primary pathogens, several strains have been implicated in infections in nurseries and among patients in intensive care units. Contamination control in critical research and patient care areas demands scrupulous sanitation practices, regular cleaning and decontamination of all equipment, and the use of bacteria-free water whenever possible. PMID- 816755 TI - A comparison of three fermentation methods for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - When confirming suspected isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, laboratories use a fluorescent antibody method or a fermentation technique, usually the cystine trypticase agar (CTA) semisolid. Suspected N. gonorrhoeae from sites such as the throat, rectum, and blood require this confirmation. The modified rapid fermentation test (MRFT) was compared with the standard CTA and the Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) slant methods. The MRFT appeared to have greater sensitivity than the other two methods, and results could be obtained within a 4-hour period as compared with overnight for the other two methods. The MRFT gave quicker results with greater sensitivity than either the MHA slant or the CTA semi-solid techniques. PMID- 816756 TI - Infection control in intravenous therapy. AB - The insertion, maintenance, and surveillance of intravenous systems requires close attention by both physicians and nurses. Improvements are needed. With the knowledge presently available, each nurse should strive to improve individual and institutional techniques. Further research into all areas of intravenous therapy should be encouraged and supported by actively involved clinicians. Further improvements and refinements in equipment may also be appropriate. Only with the combined efforts of all concerned will the hazards of intravenous therapy be reduced. PMID- 816757 TI - Modification of the eye colour mutant zeste by suppressor, enhancer and minute genes in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 816758 TI - Early prophase in female meiosis of Drosophila melanogaster. Further studies. PMID- 816759 TI - Whole mount electron microscopy of alkali-urea treated polytene chromosomes spread by centrifugation. PMID- 816760 TI - A minute mutant with suppressor effect on the eye-colour gene zeste in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 816761 TI - Benefit-cost analysis of a college of veterinary medicine. PMID- 816763 TI - Antiviral antibiotic S15-1. Taxonomy of the producing strain and study of conditions for production of the antibiotic. AB - Strain S15-1 which produces antiviral antibiotic S15-1 belonging to the streptothricin group of antibiotics was isolated from a soil sample. Cell analysis, colony morphology, the absence of sporangia-like vesicles, the formation of spores in chains of the Rectus Flexibilis type, and the ability to produce melanoid pigment, indicate that this strain belongs to the genus Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici. A comparison of the characteristics of strain S15-1 with related Streptomyces show that it should be identified as Streptomyces purpeofuscus Yamaguchi and Saburi. The investigation of cultural conditions show that soluble starch and meat extract are the most suitable carbon and organic nitrogen sources for the production of antibiotic S15-1. Strain S15-1 grew poorly on media with no organic nitrogen sources, and did not produce the antibiotic. Antiviral antibiotic S15-1 is accumulated at the highest level after 3 or 4 days growth of the producing organism. PMID- 816762 TI - Antimetabolites produced by microorganisms. XV synthesis of 2-methyl-arginine, 2 methyl-l-ornithine and their enantiomers. AB - A new arginine antimetabolite was isolated from the fermentation broth of a new strain of Streptomyces and identified as 2-methyl-L-arginine. PMID- 816764 TI - Biotransformation of antibiotics. I. Acylation of chloramphenicol by spores of Streptomyces griseus isolated from the Egyptian soil . AB - Incubation of spores, washed mycelium or whole cultures of a Streptomyces sp. with chloramphenicol (I) resulted in the loss of in vitro bioactivity of the antibiotic. Gas chromatographic estimation of an appropriate extract revealed that more than 95% of the antibiotic was inactivated under the specified conditions. The spores inactivated chloramphenicol in an inorganic buffer solution, or in distilled water, without the addition of carbohydrate or external co-factor. However, addition of certain carbon sources to the spores showed a pronounced effect on the chloramphenicol transformation process and on the relative concentration of the inactivated products. Time-course studies on the spore-catalyzed chloramphenicol transformation activity showed a maximum activity at 12-hour incubation. Addition of glucose or acetate at this point maintained maximum activity. The transformation products were identified as: chloramphenicol-1-acetate (IIa); chloramphenicol-3-acetate (IIb); chloramphenicol 3-propionate (III); CHLORAMPHENICOL-O-ISOBUTYRATE (IV); chloramphenicol-3 butyrate (V); and chloramphenicol-3-isovalerate (VI), by techniques of TLC, CPC, GC, UV, IR, MS and NMR. The microbial characteristics of the isolated strain include the formation of flexuous gray aerial mycelium with smooth to rough spores, irregular in size. It is an H2S and melanin former, non-chromogenic, and was inhibited by a streptomycin-producing strain of Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky 1914) Waksman and Henrici(1948). PMID- 816765 TI - The mode of action of ASK-753 on Bacillus subtilis. AB - The mode of action of ASK-753 on Bacillus subtilis was examined. Unlike proper sideromycin antibiotics ferrioxamine B failed to antagonize the antimicrobial effects of ASK-753. The antibiotic could inhibit the biosynthesis of nucleic acids; effect on the RNA was more pronounced. ASK-753 affected the stability of prelabelled DNA of B, subtilis in growing or resting cultures; the effect on the latter was more pronounced. Lysis of B, subtilis protoplasts could be attained at 30 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C which excludes a possible detergent affect of the drug. The drug exerted a potent inhibiting influence on protein synthesis by arresting the activity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase and thus could prevent the incorporation of 14C-lysine. PMID- 816766 TI - Inhibition of ovine prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone by triiodothyronine. PMID- 816768 TI - An improved method for evaluating acrosomes of bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 816769 TI - The sleeve phenomenon in bone scintigraphy: an early demonstration of para articular ossification after total hip replacement. PMID- 816767 TI - Serum prolactin and growth hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in prepubertal heifers. PMID- 816771 TI - Isolation of nonsense suppressor mutants in Pseudomonas. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli harboring the drug resistance plasmid RP1 was treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants were isolated in which ampicillin resistance had been lost due to an amber mutation in the plasmid. One of these mutants was again treated, and a strain was isolated in which tetracycline resistance was also lost due to an amber mutation in the plasmid. The plasmid containing amber mutations in the genes amp and tet was named pLM2. This plasmid could be transferred to strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. phaseolicola, and P. pseudoalcaligenes. Mutants resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline could not be obtained from P. phaseolicola carrying pLM2. However, strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and P. pseudoalcaligenes carrying the plasmid did produce mutants simultaneously resistant to both antibiotics. All of the mutants of E. coli had developed nonsense suppressors since they became phenotypically lac+, although harboring a lac amber mutation, and formed plaques with amber mutants of phages PRR1 and PRD1 that attack organisms carrying RP1. Approximately 20% of the resistant mutants of P. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes were sensitive to the amber mutant of PRD1. These mutants were of variable stability and grew somewhat more slowly than their parent strains. One of the suppressor mutants of P. pseudoalcaligenes, designated ERA(pLM2)S4, was used for the isolation of nonsense mutants of bacteriophage PHA6, a virus having a segmented genome of double-stranded ribonucleic acid and an envelope of lipids and proteins. PMID- 816770 TI - Effect of deoxyribonucleic acid replication inhibitors on bacterial recombination. AB - Two inhibitors of replicative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, nalidixic acid (NAL) and 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (HPUra), showed different effects on genetic recombination and DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis. Previous work (Pedrini et al., 1972) showed that NAL does not interfere with the transformation process of B. subtilis. The results reported in this work demonstrated that the drug was also without effect on the transfection by SPP1 or SPO-1 phage DNA (a process that requires a recombination event). The drug was also ineffective on the host cell reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated SPP1 phage, as well as on transfection with ultraviolet-irradiated DNA of the same phage. HPUra instead markedly reduced the transformation process, as well as transfection, by SPO-1 DNA, but it did not affect the host cell reactivation of SPO-1 phage. In conclusion, whereas the NAL target seems to be specific for replicative DNA synthesis, the HPUra target (i.e., the DNA polymerase III of B. subtilis) seems to be involved also in recombination, but not in the excision repair process. The mutations conferring NAL and HPUra resistance used in this work were mapped by PBS-1 transduction. PMID- 816772 TI - Puromycin-resistant biosynthesis of a specific outer-membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. AB - The reported puromycin resistance of the in vivo biosynthesis of a specific outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli was further investigated. The biosynthetic machinery making the lipoprotein was made more accessible to puromycin by disruption of the cell structure using ethylenediaminetetracetate or toluene, and finally in an in vitro protein biosynthesis system using polyribosomes. Puromycin sensitivity of overall protein synthesis increased by about 10-fold for each method of disruption of the cell structure; 50% inhibitions were obtained at 330, 35, 2.7, and 0.22 mug of puromycin per ml for intact cells, ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated cells, toluene-treated cells, and the polyribosome system, respectively. However, the lipoprotein biosynthesis remained more resistant to puromycin than the biosynthesis of other proteins in all systems tested. These results strongly suggest that puromycin resistance of the lipoprotein biosynthesis is due to an intrinsic property of the lipoprotein biosynthetic machinery. PMID- 816773 TI - Inhibition of wall autolysis in Streptococcus faecalis by lipoteichoic acid and lipids. AB - Fully acylated lipoteichoic acid (LTA) isolated from Streptococcus faecalis ATCC9790 (S. faecium) inhibited autolysis of walls from the same organism at concentrations (1.0 to 1.5 nmol of LTA per mg of wall) comparable to those found in intact cells. Partially deacylated LTA isolated from S. faecalis or chemically deacylated LTA failed to inhibit significantly in the same concentration range. Beef heart cardiolipin and commercially obtained dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol were also found to inhibit wall autolysis in S. faecalis. Chemical deacylation of beef heart cardiolipin also removed the inhibitory activity of this molecule. Lipid fractions isolated from S. faecalis that inhibited wall autolysis were: diphosphatidyl glycerol (cardiolipin), phosphatidyl glycerol, aminoacyl phosphatidyl glycerol, and a neutral lipid fraction. Glycolipids were not found to be effective inhibitors. The possible role of LTA and/or certain lipids as regulators of cellular autolytic activity is discussed. PMID- 816774 TI - Undermethylated transfer ribonucleic acid from a relaxed strain of Bacillus subtilis: construction of the strain and analysis of the transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - A strain of Bacillus subtilis is described from which undermethylated transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) can be obtained. The tRNA's from a methionine-limited culture were compared with those from a control culture with respect to general nucleoside composition, methylated components, and amino acid acceptor activity. The undermethylated tRNA's had the normal amounts of the four major nucleosides, pseudouridine, and 5-methyluridine (ribothymidine), but were deficient in methylated nucleosides other than 5-methyluridine. These methyl-deficient nucleosides can be fully remethylated in the presence of the appropriate methylases. Since the majority of the work characterizing undermethylated tRNA's has been done using Escherichia coli, the work with B. subtilis presents some interesting comparisons and offers an alternative substrate for methylase studies. PMID- 816775 TI - Chemical characterization of the regularly arranged surface layers of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. AB - Clostridum thermosaccharolyticum and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum possess as outermost cell wall layer a tetragonal or hexagonal ordered array of macromolecules. The subunits of the surface layer can be detached from isolated cell walls with urea (8M) or guanidine-HCl (4 to 5 M). Triton X-100, dithiothreitol, ethylenediaminetetracetate, and KCl (3 M) had no visible effect on the regular arrays. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophroesis showed that, in both organisms, the surface layer is composed of glycoprotein of molecular weight 140,000. The glycoprotein from both microorganisms has a predominantly acidic amino acid composition and an acidic isoelectric point after isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. The glycocomponent is composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and rhamnose. PMID- 816776 TI - Nuclear and cell division in Bacillus subtilis: cell development from spore germination. AB - The changes in the morphology of the nucleoids and the mesosomes in Bacillus subtilis cells during synchronous outgrowth after spore germination were followed in large-scale three-dimensional cell reconstructions. Shortly after outgrowth of the cell begins in Spizizen medium with glucose, the mesosome becomes an elongated structure in close contact with a rounded nucleoid. When nuclear replication reaches full activity, the mesosome develops into a single, complicated versatile system, with tubules that traverse the cytoplasm and have elaborations in and near the nucleoplasm. Later the system may retract to form large rounded mesosomes; the tubules and strings of vesicles within these mesosomes probably have been collected from the cytoplasm. Shortly after the first cell division, both sister cells have two nucleoids, but with longer generation times induced by growth in media containing acetate instead of glucose; these sister cells have only one nucleoid each. In acetate-grown cells rounded nucleoids that have no contact with a mesosome may represent nucleoids in a temporary stage of rest. On the other hand, the nucleoids of cells growing in glucose-containing medium are always penetrated by mesosomal material, superficially or deeply. Since the mesosome appears capable of traversing the nuclear fibrils, and even reaching the last strands connecting the dividing nucleoids, it is suggested that this organelle may play a vital role in the Bacillus division cycle. PMID- 816777 TI - Cell division in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: participation of alkaline phosphatase. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows at an apparent reduced rate at 46 C as compared with the rate at 37 C, when growth is measured as an increase in absorbance. Cells at 46 C are long, plasmolyzed, nonmotile filaments. The filaments contain phase-dark material that may be chromosomal in nature. When the 46 C culture is shifted to 37 C, the filaments fragment at polar ends after flagella form, and the final number of cells is equal to the number of chromosomal "packets" observed within the filament. The outer envelope of the filament appears to be structurally complete as determined by biochemical, thin section, and freeze-etch examination. When filaments are treated with lysozyme, they form large spheroplasts, suggesting that the outer wall and the cytoplasmic membrane are continuous within the filament. Filaments produce little or no periplasm-located alkaline phosphatase (APase), but activity appears immediately after a shift to 37 C. Cells grown at 37 C and shifted to 46 C remain as single, nonmotile, rods or doublets, and the APase formed at 37 C remains stable at 46 C. The addition of APase or inorganic phosphate is partially or completely effective as an inducer of filament fragmentation at 46 C. The results suggest that periplasm-located APase is an important enzyme in the final stages of cell division when P. aeruginosa is cultured on inorganic phosphate-limiting media. PMID- 816778 TI - Isolation of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Conditions suitable for reproducible recovery of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid from strains of Pseudomonas putida containing degradative plasmids (CAM, SAL, OCT, etc.) have been defined. These degradative plasmids could not be isolated by the usual procedure, whereas RP1, an R factor of the P group, present in the isogenic strain of P. putida, was isolated equally well by either the usual procedure or the modified procedure. Characterization by electron microscopy of RP1 deoxyribonucleic acid confirmed the molecular weight (about 40 X 10(6)) previously determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. PMID- 816779 TI - Purification and properties of a manganese-stimulated endonuclease from Bacillus subtilis. AB - An endonuclease stimulated by manganese or calcium ions was isolated from Bacillus subtilis. This enzyme attacked double- or single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid from a variety of sources, including B. subtilis, and was purified from the material released into the medium during protoplast formation. The enzyme appeared as a single peak after glycerol gradient centrifugation and comprised approximately 30 to 35% of the protein in the most purified preparations, as estimated by gel electrophoresis. It had a molecular weight of about 46,000. The mode of action of the enzyme was endonucleolytic, and circular deoxyribonucleic acid was readily cleaved. The enzyme introduced a limited number of both double- and single-strand breaks into native deoxyribonucleic acid, generally yielding products of 1 X 10(6) daltons or more in size. The reasons for this limitation of cleavage were not clear. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by low levels of Cu2+, Co2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+. It was also inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl. A role for this enzyme in bacterial transormation is suggested. PMID- 816781 TI - New purine markers in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Four new genetic markers involved in purine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis are clustered and lie between purE and tre. An additional new pur marker is located near purA. PMID- 816780 TI - Immunological properties of protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase isofunctional enzymes. AB - Antiserum prepared against protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms precipitin bands without spurs with isofunctional enzymes from different strains of the fluorescent pseudomonads on immunodiffusion plates. Catalytic activity of the isofunctional enzymes was inhibited by an immunoglobulin fraction prepared against the enzyme from organisms of the same genus and not from different genera. PMID- 816782 TI - Ultraviolet light inactivation and photoreactivation of AS-1 cyanophage in Anacystis nidulans. AB - Black light effected photorecovery of AS-1 cyanophage and wild-type cells. However, only partial photoreactivation of AS-1 was observed in a partially photoreactivable mutant of Anacystis nidulans. PMID- 816783 TI - Association of the recombination-deficient phenotype of Bacillus subtilis recC strains with the presence of an SPO2 prophage. AB - The recombination-defective phenotype associated with the recC genetic locus in Bacillus subtilis is not due to a chromosomal mutation at this site but rather to the presence of an integrated SPO2 prophage. PMID- 816784 TI - Recognition sites for chemotactic repellents of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Repellents of Bacillus subtilis include many membrane-active compounds, such as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, local anesthetics, chlorpromazine (a central nervous system depressant), and tetraphenylboron (a lipophilic anion). Normally, bacteria swim smoothly, and occasionally tumble, but addition of repellent causes all bacteria to tumble, then later resume original frequency of swimming and tumbling (adaptation). Bacteria adapted to repellent can then be tested to determine the minimum concentration (threshold) of the same or different repellents that causes tumbling. The results indicate that repellents act at (saturable) recognition sites, which differ for chemically different species. An implication is that uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation affect cell properties by interaction at specific locations. PMID- 816786 TI - Nonribosomal nature of novel, stable ribonucleic acid species accumulated by blue green bacteria. AB - The facultatively chemoheterotrophic blue-green bacterium Aphanocapsa 6714 accumulates two novel, stable ribonucleic acid species when deprived of sources of carbon and energy. At least one of these species is nonribosomal. PMID- 816785 TI - Arrangement and regulation of the nitrogen fixation genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae studied by depression kinetics. AB - Events underlying depression of the nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5A1 were analyzed in vivo by comparing the effects of selective inhibitors of transcription and translation on subsequent nitrogenase activity (rate of acetylene reduction). When batch cultures were induced for depression, an 87-min lag separated ammonium ion/oxygen removal and the appearance of activity. PMID- 816787 TI - Differences in the genetic structure of Bacillus subitilis strains carrying the trpE26 mutation and strain 168. AB - It was previously shown that in strains of Bacillus subtilis bearing the trpE26 mutation a chromosome segment (from trpD to ilvA) is translocated to a position near the thr region. Further PBS1-mediated transduction data have now revealed that these strains also possess an inversion of part of the chromosome from the origin of replication, down to the tre locus on one side and the cysB locus on the other. These data concern evidence of linkage of tre-12- to markers in the translocation (hisH2, tyrA1, and metB3) as well as linkage of the cysB3 marker to thi-86, gly-133, and catA. They explain the previously observed absence of linkage of markers in the translocated segment to cysB3. The model proposed for the formation of merodiploids in trpE26 strains, which calls for the fusion of two genetic elements, is not incompatible with this new finding. PMID- 816788 TI - Specific ion concentration as a factor in barotolerant protein synthesis in bacteria. AB - The degree of barotolerance exhibited by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas bathycetes in vitro polyphenylalanine-synthesizing systems can be modified by altering the concentrations of specific ions in the reaction mixture. Hybrid protein-synthesizing systems, utilizing all the possible S-100 supernatant fluid and ribosome combinations from Escherichia coli, P. fluorescens, and P. bathycetes, were tested for barotolerance under conditions of low (16 mM Mg2+ plus 0 mM Na+) and high (150 mM Na+ plus 60 mM Mg2+) ion concentrations. The results reveal that barotolerant synthesis is a characteristic determined by the origin of the ribosome. Systems utilizing E. coli ribosomes are barosensitive at both low and high ion concentrations, P. fluorescens ribosomes barotolerant under both conditions, and P. bathycetes ribosomes barosensitive at low and barotolerant at high ion concentrations. Therefore, certain concentrations of specific ions will increase barotolerance, but only if the ribosomes are capable of functioning at high pressures. PMID- 816789 TI - Control of tumbling in bacterial chemotaxis by divalent cation. AB - Chemotaxis is migration of organisms to higher concentrations of attractant or lower concentrations of repellent. Understanding the switch than controls whether the flagella rotate counterclockwise for swimming or clockwise for tumbling (thrashing about without making much forward progress) is central to understanding chemotaxis of peritrichous bacteria, since chemotaxis results from selective suppression of tumbles. Depletion of divalent cation by chelating agents in the presence of A23187, an ionophore that conveys divalent cation across membrane, causes incessant tumbling in Bacillus subtilis. Small additions of MgCl2 prevent this tumbling. In this tumbling condition, the bacteria which normally swim extensively when given attractant, do not respond even to 10 mM alanine, a strong attractant. MnCl2, by contrast to others potentiated by the ionophore. Permanent cations, including tetraphenylarsonium ion and triphenylmethylphosphonium ion, cause permanent swimming, even in the presence of A23187 and chelating agents. We propose that divalent cation, probably Mg2+ ion, binds to the switch to cause swimming and that, in the absence of divalent cation at the switch, the bacterium tumbles. PMID- 816790 TI - Use of temperature-sensitive mutants to study gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two temperature-sensitive sporulation mutants have been characterized. One mutant, which is blocked at stage II, has a short temperature-sensitive period that occurs at about the time when the spore septum is formed. Cells can escape the sporulation block, if incubated for a short period at the permissive temperature, but are prevented from doing so by inhibitors of transcription and translation; this suggests that the product of the defective gene is a protein and that the messenger ribonucleic acid which codes for this protein is short lived. The other mutant is blocked at stage IV to V and has a long temperature sensitive period that starts during stage III and precedes the stage at which the mutational defect is phenotypically expressed. The behavior of this mutant in temperature-shift experiments suggests that synthesis of the product of the defective gene commences long before it assumes its physiological function. PMID- 816791 TI - Cleavage of phycocyanobilin from C-phycocyanin. Separation and mass spectral identification of the products. AB - The chromophore of C-phycocyanin, phycocyanobilin, was cleaved from the protein with methanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid, or subtilisin BPN'. The pigments obtained were converted to their dimethyl esters and purified by preparative high pressure liquid chromatography and examined for purity by analytical high pressure chromatography on silica gel. They were characterized by proton transfer and electron impact mass spectroscopy. The principal product obtained by the three cleavage procedures was phycocyanobilin. Methanol and hydrochloric acid adducts of phycocyanobilin were obtained with methanol and concentrated hydrochloric acid cleavages, respectively. Methanol adduct formation of phycocyanobilin can occur subsequent to cleavage and requires acid catalysis. No adduct formation was observed with mesobiliverdin under similar conditions. These results and mass spectral data support the conclusion that adduct formation takes place at the exocyclic olefin linkage of ring A in phycocyanobilin. The ease of co-valent adduct formation strongly suggests that the ethylidene side chain is an important binding site of phycocyanobilin to the polypeptide chain. PMID- 816792 TI - Specificity of bacterial ribosomes and messenger ribonucleic acids in protein synthesis reactions in vitro. AB - Ribosomes from two Gram-negative bacteria translated f2 RNA, T4 early mRNA, mRNA from three Gran-negative bacteria, and mRNA from six Gram-positive bacteria; ribosomes from three Gram-positive bacteria translated mRNA from the Gram positive strains, but did not translate the other mRNAs. Ribosomes from the Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli translated synthetic poly(U,G) but ribosomes from the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum translated poly(U,G) very poorly, mRNA from Gram-negative bacteria was translated only in the presence of a high salt ribosomal wash containing initiation factors. mRNA from Gram positive bacteria and synthetic poly(U,G) were translated much more efficiently when wash components were present, but were also translated to a small, but significant, extent in the absence of wash components. The translation specificity of each type of ribosome was independent of the source of ribosomal wash components. When the radioactively labeled products of in vitro protein synthesis were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, it was found that each different bacterial and phage RNA preparation directed the synthesis of a unique set of polypeptide products of discrete sizes. Three different types of ribosomes were used to translate each of several Gram-positive bacterial messenger preparations; the overall patterns of products obtained with a given mRNA are similar, but some differences in the products formed or the relative amounts of the various products synthesized can be detected. PMID- 816793 TI - Evidence for the association of L-asparaginase with cytomembrane components in the guinea pig liver soluble fraction. AB - Homogenization of guinea pig liver in isotonic sucrose solution followed by the separation of the subcellular fractions by differential centrifugation releases the liver L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) activity into the supernatant fraction. Electron micrographs of the liver L-asparaginase antibody complexes, precipitated from the clear supernatant phase by addition of L-asparaginase-specific antiserum, show membrane-liek structures and some amorphous material. The attachment of L-asparaginase to the membrane-like structures is indicated by the ferritin-labeled antibody technique. The immunoprecipitates possess low activities of 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and acid phosphatase. This observation suggests that L-asparaginase found in the liver supernatant fraction is associated with cytomembrane components. Analysis of guinae pig serum L-asparaginase-antibody complexes is polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate gives three distinct protein bands. These bands correspond to heavy and light chains of rabbit immunoglobulins and the L-asparaginase subunits. Analysis of the liver L asparaginase-antibody complexes by the above procedure shows similar but more diffuse protein bands. PMID- 816794 TI - Flavin-oxygen derivatives involved in hydroxylation by p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. AB - Para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.2) from Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of a group of flavoproteins which insert molecular oxygen into aromatic rings to form phenols. To determine the mechanism of oxygen insertion by this enzyme, an extensive study was made of the reaction with O2 of reduced enzyme in complex with various aromatic molecules. Reactions were studied by following absorbance changes with time with a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. Analysis of multiphasic reactions led to the detection of a minimum of three transient intermediates with characteristic absorption spectra involved in the process of hydroxylation. The initial interaction of oxygen with the reduced enzyme characteristically produces a derivative of FAD (maximum absorbance 380 to 390 nm) which is probably C(4a) peroxyflavin. Depending on the aromatic compound bound to the enzyme, this intermediate decays either to oxidized, enzyme-bound flavin and H2O2 or transfers an atom of oxygen to the aromatic compound. The process of oxygen transfer forms a derivative of FAD of unknown structure (maximum absorbance 390 to 420 nm), which subsequently decays to the third intermediate observed (maximum absorbance 380 to 385 nm), which is probably C(4a) hydroxyflavin. The decay of this last intermediate results in the formation of oxidized enzyme, and the liberation of hydroxylated product and H2O. In an extension of substrate specificity studies it was found that p-aminobenzoate is a substrate and 5-hydroxypicolinate is an effector for p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. The binding of aromatic compounds to the reduced enzyme was observed by following shifts in the absorption spectrum of enzyme bound FADH2, permitting the determination of dissociation constants and kinetics of binding. PMID- 816795 TI - Purification of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes. AB - The prostaglandin synthetase system of bovine vesicular gland microsomes was solubilized and separated into Fractions I and II. The former fraction catalyzed the conversion of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid to prostaglandin H1 (9 alpha, 11alpha-epidioxy-15(S)-hydroxy-13-trans-prostenoic acid). This compound was isomerized to prostaglandin E1 (11alpha, 15(S)-dihydroxy-9-keto-13-trans prostenoic acid) by the action of Fraction II (Miyamoto, T., Yamamoto, S., and Hayaishi, O. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 3645-3648). Fraction I was further purified by isoelectric focusing and about a 700-fold purification was achieved starting from the microsomes. When the enzyme was incubated with 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic acid in the presence of hematin, an unstable compound which was distinguishable from prostaglandin H1 accumulated. The chemical properties of this compound were identical with those of prostaglandin G1 (9 alpha, 11 alpha epidioxy-15(S)-hydroperoxy-13-trans-prostenoic acid). The enzyme also catalyzed the conversion of prostaglandin G1 to H1 when heme and tryptophan were supplied. Thus, the purified enzyme, which was provisionally referred to as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase, exhibited two enzyme activities: the synthesis of prostaglandin G1 and its conversion to prostaglandin H1. Either free or protein bound heme was required for both reactions, and only protoheme was active. Tryptophan stimulated the conversion of prostaglandin G1 to H1, and this stimulatory effect was also observed with various other aromatic compounds. Indomethacin and aspirin inhibited prostaglandin G1 synthesis, but not the other steps of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 816796 TI - Hormone-stimulated desensitization of hormone-dependent adenylyl cyclase. Dual action of luteninizing hormone on pig graafian follicle membranes. AB - Washed membrane particles from pig Graafian follicles larger than 6 mm in diameter were found to contain an adenylyl cyclase system that is highly responsive to luteinizing hormone (LH). Under the assay conditions used (1.5 mM ATP, 5 mM MgCl2, 1.4 mM EDTA, and 1.0 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl) N,N'-tetraacetic acid, pH 7.0) LH stimulated enzyme activity up to 7-fold. Half maximal activation was obtained between 3 and 6 X 10(-10) M of added LH, provided the reaction was carried out under equilibrium conditions. In contrast to findings in large follicles, adenylyl cyclase activity was found to be unresponsive to LH in small immature follicles (1 to 2 mm in diameter) and partially responsive to LH (2- to 3-fold stimulation over basal) in follicles of medium size (3 to 5 mm in diameter). Washed membrane particles from follicles larger than 6 mm were found to contain also an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent process which, upon incubation at 30 degrees, causes the adenylyl cyclase system to lose its susceptibility to respond to LH. Because this loss of LH-stimulated activity was not accompanied by a concomitant loss of basal activity, it was concluded to be the expression of a desensitization reaction. Desensitization was almost undetectable at 5 mM total added MgCl2 and required, to be readily detectable, addition of MgCl2 concentrations in excess of 10 mM. LH was found to stimulate desensitization in the presence of 1 mM cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate by diminishing the requirement for MgCl2. Loss of LH-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was readily detectable at 5.0 mM total added MgCl2 in the presence of 10 mug per ml of LH. Half-maximal stimulation of desensitization by LH was found to occur at about 25 X 10(-10) M, i.e. at about 4 to 6 times higher concentrations than needed for half-maximal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. Half maximal LH-stimulated desensitization was obtained with 0.5 to 0.7 mM ATP in the incubation. Neither GTP, nor adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, the nonphosphorylating imidodiphosphate analogue of ATP, supported the desensitization reaction, suggesting that this process may be mediated via phosphorylation of one or more of the components of the adenylyl cyclase system. LH-stimulated desensitization was detected also in washed membrane particles derived from dissected rabbit Graafian follicles, whose adenylyl cyclase becomes desensitized in vivo within minutes after human chorionic gonadotropin injection (Hunzicker-Dunn, M., and Birnbaumer, L., Endocrinology, in press), but not in membrane particles from corpora lutea of pregnant or pseudopregnant rabbits, whose adenylyl cyclase becomes desensitized in vivo only several hours or days after human chorionic gonadotropin injection (Hunzicker-Dunn, M., and Birnbaumer, L., Endocrinology, in press). It is suggested that both actions of LH (stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and stimulation of desensitization) are receptor mediated, and that neither of them is mediated by cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate... PMID- 816797 TI - Purification and characterization of bovine placental lactogen. AB - Bovine placental lactogen (bPL), a polypeptide hormone functionally related to bovine growth hormone (bGH) and bovine prolactin (bPL), has been isolated from placentas by pH and ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. The hormone has been purified to approximately 99% homogeneity, as determined by end group analysis. On disc gel electrophoresis at pH 9.0 bPL migrates as a pair of closely spaced bands (Rf = 09517 and 0.541) between the positions of bGH and bPR. Its molecular weight, as estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 6.5 mM dithiothreitol, is 22, 150 and its isoelectric point is 5.9. The amino acid composition of bPL closely resembles that of bGH and bPR except for a higher content of serine and glycine and a lower leucine content. Like bPR, it has 2 tryptophans and 6 cysteines, but its COOH-terminal sequence is identical with that of bGH: -Cys-Ala-Phe-OH. By Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, bPL forms lines of partial identity with bGH against bGH antisera and with ovine placental lactogen (oPL) against oPL antisera. In the bPL-antibPL system, oPL forms a line of partial identity while bGH and bPR do not cross-react. However, bPL does not form a precipitin line with bPR antisera. These data would indicate that in terms of structure, and hence molecular evolution, bPL and other subprimate placental lactogens occupy a position more intermediate between growth hormone and prolactin than do the primate placental lactogens. PMID- 816798 TI - Immunochemical analysis of the functions of the subunits of phage Qbeta ribonucleic acid replicase. AB - We have prepared rabbit gamma-globulins specifically directed against each of the bacterial host proteins required for the in vitro replication of RNA phage Qbeta RNA: the protein synthesis elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts, the 30 S ribosomal protein S1, and the Qbeta "host factor". We have used these antibodies as specific probes to study the roles that these polypeptides play in the in vitro replication of Qbeta RNA by the Qbeta replicase as well as the poly(C)-directed synthesis of poly(G) by this enzyme. The poly(C)-directed reaction is much less sensitive to antibody inhibition than is the Qbeta RNA-directed reaction. PMID- 816799 TI - Maisonneuve fracture of the fibula. AB - Study of seventeen cases of Maisonneuve fracture established that there are five stages in the development of a complete lesion. A strong external-rotation force with the foot in slight supination is thought to be responsible for the initial stages; this may change to neutral or slight pronation in the later stages. This is a severe injury to the ankle, which includes complete diastasis of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and often rupture of the anteromedial joint capsule and deltoid ligament or fracture of the medial malleolus. Surgical treatment is necessary in later stages. PMID- 816800 TI - A comparative study between glutaraldehyde-preserved aortic and pulmonary heterograft valves in the tricuspid position in dogs. AB - Morphological observations have been presented on 10 metaperiodate-glutaraldehyde preserved aortic heterograft valves and 5 pulmonary heterograft valves implanted into the tricuspid position for periods ranging from 7 to 183 days. It is recognized that there was a relatively minimal histological change in pulmonary valves. However, calcification of implanted aortic cusps was observed in 20% (2 out of 10) of cases and high incidence of thrombus formation on aortic cusps was recognized, although there were none on pulmonary cusps. It seems reasonable to presume that the high incidence of thrombus formation on the aortic valves is primarily due to the decreased pliability and stiffness of the cusps. It is concluded that the pulmonary valves rather than the aortic valves are recommended for tricuspid valve replacement. PMID- 816801 TI - Effect of cytochalasin B on the adhesion of mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The adhesion of normal mouse macrophages to glass surfaces was reduced by nontoxic levels (1-50 mug/ml) of cytochalasin B in combination with a centrifugal force (1,000-8,000 g). Macrophages nonspecifically activated by Corynebacterium acnes were also detached by this treatment, but less effectively. The effects of cytochalasin B treatment on these cells were shown to be reversible. After detachment, the cells reattached to glass, appeared morphologically normal, and behaved like untreated cells as judged by adhesion, acid phosphatase levels, and phagocytosis. The effect of cytochalasin B on several parameters of phagocytosis by normal macrophages was also examined. The results demonstrate that cytochalasin B can be used to detach macrophages from surfaces and suggest a functional relationship between phagocytosis and macrophage adhesion to surfaces. Furthermore, the effect of cytochalasin B on adhesion of phagocytic cells provides a probe for further investigation of the adhesion of cells to surfaces. PMID- 816802 TI - Spindle birefringence of isolated mitotic apparatus analysed by pressure treatment. AB - Sea-urchin zygote mitotic apparatus (MA) isolated in a glycerol/dimethylsulphoxide medium were treated with pressure. Pressure treatment had no effect on spindle birefringence when MA were in full-strength isolation medium. After placing MA in quarter-strength isolation medium, pressures of 4-0 X 10(3)-1-8 X 10(4) lbf in.-2 (2 X 76 X 10(4)-I X 24 X 10(5) k N m-2) for 15 min caused reduction of birefringence which occurred in 2 steps: firstly 20-30% of the birefringence was lost, and then, at higher pressures, the rest of the birefringence was lost. Electron microscopy suggested that pressure-induced changes were in non-microtubule material. Pressure treatment had no effect on MA isolated with hexylene glycol when the MA were pressurized in hexylene glycol; but pressure treatment did cause loss of birefringence when MA isolated in hexylene glycol were transferred immediately into glycerol/dimethylsulphoxide medium and were subsequently treated with pressure (after dilution into quarter strength glycerol/dimethyl-sulphoxide). We discuss the differences in response between isolated MA and in vivo MA, and we discuss the possibility that 2 components contribute to MA birefringence. PMID- 816803 TI - Spindle birefringence of isolated mitotic apparatus analysed by treatments with cold, pressure, and diluted isolation medium. AB - Mitotic apparatus (MA) were isolated from sea-urchin zygotes using glycerol dimethyl-sulphoxide. Cold treatment had no effect on MA birefringence when MA were in isolation medium, but caused a 10-15% reduction of MA birefringence when MA were in quarter-strength isolation medium. Pressure treatment also caused a reduction in MA birefringence, but the cold and pressure treatments were not additive, suggesting that both treatments affected the same MA component. MA were not stable in quarter-strength isolation medium, and birefringence gradually decayed, with a half-life of about 40 h. Electron microscopy after cold treatment, or after decay of 55% of the MA birefringence showed abundant, normal looking microtubules, suggesting that alterations in non-microtubule components cause the reductions in birefringence. Addition of EGTA eliminates the effect of cold treatment, suggesting that Ca2+ has a role in maintenance of spindle structure. We discuss possible reasons why isolated MA do not respond to cold treatment like MA in vivo. PMID- 816804 TI - Possibilities and limitations of capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - The possibilities and limitations of analyses of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBPs) by capillary gas chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been investigated. Metal capillary columns (WCOT) coated with Apiezon L and OV-101 were not suitable for PCB analyses. Good results were obtained in the separation of model mixtures of PCBs and of Aroclor 1242 on a glass capillary column coated with OV-101. Sources of error are indicated that may be encountered in the characterization of PCB components in Aroclor 1242 by standard additions, Kovats' retention indices and mass spectrometry. The direct coupling of a capillary column (WCOT) to a mass spectrometer produced spectra of the main PCB components, many of which could be used in the identification of isomeric PCBs. PMID- 816805 TI - Absence of nocturnal elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations in Cushing's disease. AB - The mean prolactin concentration during sleep and the per cent change (increase) and increment in the nocturnal elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly reduced (P less than .01, less than .01, and less than .001, respectively) in 6 untreated patients with clinically active Cushing's disease, compared with concentrations seen in normal subjects. There was no significant difference between mean-awake and mean-sleep plasma prolactin concentration in these patients, in contrast to that seen in normal subjects. In contrast, patients with hypercorticism secondary to adrenal adenoma (n = 2) or receiving long-term, high-dose corticosteroid therapy (n = 6) did not differ significantly from normal subjects in the percentage change seen in the nocturnal elevation of their plasma prolactin concentrations. Although mean prolactin concentration during sleep was reduced in these two categories of hypercorticism, a significant difference was still present between mean-awake and mean-sleep plasma prolactin concentration. (The nocturnal increment in plasma prolactin concentrations in these patients with hypercorticism compared with that of normal subjects was reduced, P less than .02). The difference between the percentage change and nocturnal increment observed in patients with Cushing's disease versus that seen in these two categories of hypercorticism was significant at P less than .02 and P less than .01, respectively. Four untreated patients with localized hypothalamic tumors also showed a significant reduction in the percentage change and increment in the nocturnal elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations (P less than .05 and P less than .02). In contrast to these findings, the prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (indicative of pituitary responsiveness) in patients with Cushing's disease, patients with adrenal adenoma, or those receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy, were all within the normal range seen in sex-matched control subjects. These findings provide additional evidence for the suggestion that there is altered hypothalamic function in patients with Cushing's disease. PMID- 816806 TI - Increased free thyroxine in a euthyroid patient with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency. AB - An unusual finding of elevated free thyroxine (FT4) concentration coexistent with familial low thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is described in a euthyroid patient. Clinical and other laboratory tests were normal and consistent with a clinical diagnosis of euthyroidism. Low TBG (TBG capacity 3-10 mug/100 ml) was confirmed by various electrophoretic procedures and by TBG immunoassay (0.9 mg/100 ml). Serum T4 concentration was low (2.0-5.5 mug/100 ml). Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake was increased (88-93%) and the free thyroxine index was normal. Twenty-four-hour thyroidal 131I uptake was normal and varied between 13-20%. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (less than 2 muunits) and T3 concentration (80 ng/100 ml) were also normal. Long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) was not present. Free T4 concentration measured by dialysis procedure was markedly elevated (9.2-12.1 ng/100 ml). Pulse T3 and T4 tracer kinetic studies by the single compartmental method revealed accelerated blood disappearance of T4 (t 1/2 = 3.7 days) but normal disappearance of T3 (t 1/2 = 2.1 days). Extrathyroidal hormonal iodine pool (569 mug) was in the range of normals. T4 degradation rate (144 mug/70 kg/day) was moderately elevated over the euthyroid mean values, but was still close to or within the upper normal range. T3 degradation was normal (34 mug/day). Failure to develop hyperthyroidism in the presence of elevated free T4 levels, but with normal T3 concentration and dynamics, may suggest that T3, not T4, plays a major role in regulating metabolic activity; alternatively, euthyroidism in this low-TBG patient despite elevated free T4 concentration may simply be explained on the basis of a daily T4 disposal rate which was not clearly abnormal. PMID- 816807 TI - Low setting of feedback regulation of TSH secretion by thyroxine in pituitary dwarfism with TSH-releasing hormone deficiency. AB - Four patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism were shown to have growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiencies. Basal levels of thyrotropin (TSH) were within normal range in three patients and slightly elevated in one. Exaggerated and delayed responses were obtained after TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. Serum thyroxine (T4) values were low (2.3 +/- 0.4 mug/100 ml), while triiodothyronine (T3) levels were in the normal range (1.22 +/- 0.25 ng/ml), both rising substantially after exogenous TSH and consecutive TRH administration. Their hypothyroid state was, therefore, probably due to TRH deficiency. To examine the dose of L-T4 necessary to produce inhibition of the TSH response to TRH, 50 mug/m2/day of L-T4 was administered to these patients. At the end of 4 weeks of replacement, serum T4 rose to 5.2 +/- 0.5 mug/100 ml, whereas T3 was unchanged from the previous levels, after which TSH responses to TRH were completely suppressed in all patients. As a control group, six patients with primary hypothyroidism received gradually increasing doses of L-T4 for 4-week periods, and TSH response to TRH was tested at the end of each dosage of L-T4, until complete inhibition of TSH release was obtained. The primary hypothyroid patients required approximately 150 mug/m2/day of L-T4 for suppression of TSH response to TRH. At this dosage, serum T4 and T3 levels were 8.5 +/- 0.9 mug/100 ml and 2.34 +/- 0.5 ng/ml respectively, which were significantly higher than those levels in the pituitary dwarfs (P less than 0.001 for T4 and P less than 0.01 for T3). These observations indicate that the set point of TSH release in feedback inhibition by throxine is low in idiopathic hypopituitarism with TRH deficiency, and TRH seems to control the pituitary sensitivity to feedback regulation of thyroid hormones. PMID- 816808 TI - Evaluation of the Bacti-Lab streptococci culture systems for selective recovery and identification of group A streptococci. AB - Twenty-nine lots of Bacti-Lab streptococci culture plates containing nalidixic acid, neomycin, and amphotericin B were inoculated with 25 strains of group A, B, C, F, and G strepotocci, 13 strains of nonstrepotcoccal organisms representative of the throat flora, and 198 fresh clinical thorat specimens to determine the accuracy of the plates in identifying group A streptococci. With the Bacti-Lab test plates 98.87% of the beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains tested produced growth 95.51% yielding more than 50 colonies. Of the nonstreptococcal beta hemolytic and non-beta-hemolytic organism tested, 79.54% were inhibited by the selective media. When bacitracin disks were used for presumptive identification group A streptococci from clinical thorat specimens, 12.00% false positive and 0.00% false negative results were obtained as measured by the direct flourescent antibody and Lancefield grouping methods. PMID- 816810 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of the common bile duct. AB - The efficacy of ultrasound in detecting a tumor in the head of the pancreas as a cause of obstructive jaundice has been well established. With gray scale imaging, it is possible to visualize the biliary tract including the common bile duct, and thereby to differentiate between extrahepatic (obstructive) and intrahepatic (hepatocellular and cholestatic) jaundice in many cases. PMID- 816809 TI - Formation of lipoprotein-X. Its relationship to bile compounds. AB - In this study we have demonstrated that in native bile, lipids are organized in the form of a lipoprotein (bile LP) carrying albumin as apoprotein. The lipid composition of bile LP is almost identical to lipoprotein-X (LP-X, the characteristic lipoprotein of cholestasis). However, it differs from LP-X inits protein/lipid ratio and immunological and electrophoretic characteristics. Bile lipoprotein can be converted into "LP-X-like" material in vitro by adding albumin or serum to native bile. The LP-X-like material formed in vitro has physicochemical and chemical characteristics similar or identical to LP-X isolated from serum. As bile lipoprotein can be converted into LP-X-like material by the addition of albumin to bile, LP-X can be converted into bile-LP-like particles by adding bile salts to a LP-X-positive serum. Furthermore, experimental connection of the common bile duct to the vena cava is followed after a few hours by the appearance of LP-X-like material in the plasma. These facts taken together strongly suggest that bile LP is a precursor lipoprotein for LP-X and that it refluxes into the plasma pool under cholestatic conditions. PMID- 816811 TI - Swinging heart syndrome with predominant anterior pericardial effusion. AB - A 16 year old male with carcinoma of the anterior mediastinum developed pericardial tamponade. An echocardiogram demonstrated a large pericardial effusion with the swinging heart syndrome. The unexpected finding was the predominant anterior location of the effusion. PMID- 816812 TI - High frequency oscillations of the pulmonary valve leaflet in double-chamber right ventricle. AB - The abnormal pulmonary valve echocardiographic tracing in a patient with a double chambered right ventricle is presented. Preoperatively, the posterior pulmonary valve leaflet demonstrated a partial closure in systole, followed by coarse fluttering of the leaflet. The postoperative echocardiographic tracing of the pulmonary valve was normal. It is suggested that an obstructive process proximal to either semilunar valve which converts laminar flow to turbulent flow is capable of producing a similar pattern in the leaflets during ventricular ejection. PMID- 816813 TI - Spontaneous drainage of a large cystic tumor. AB - A case is described of a 58 year old male who presented with a large mass on the left side of the abdomen which was found to be cystic by ultrasound. A presumptive diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst was made. Shortly thereafter, the mass drained spontaneously further suggesting this diagnosis. At surgery a month later, however, the mass was found to be a metastic leiomyosarcoma with cystic degeneration that had eroded into the gastric wall. This case serves to illustrate that cystic abdominal masses, even ones that drain spontaneously into the gastrointestinal tract, may not be pancreatic pseudocysts. PMID- 816814 TI - Gray scale sonographic appearance of an adrenal mass: a case report. AB - This is a case report of a 57 year old white male who had had a right upper lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung six months previously. During clinical workup, he was found to have a right adrenal mass. The intravenous pyelogram demonstrated a large mass in the adrenal region which pushed the kidney down and laterally but did not distort the calyces. The longitudinal scan on the right side showed a 7 X 9 cm adrenal mass whose echo border appeared to be distinct from the kidney, which was pushed inferiorly with its upper pole deviated laterally and posteriorly. This right adrenal tumor was confirmed at autopsy. The sonogram offers an easy initial diagnostic approach to a suspected adrenal lesion. PMID- 816815 TI - Ultrasound B scan imaging of an intracranial lesion through a postoperative bone flap defect. PMID- 816816 TI - Confirmation of a retrosternal mass by echocardiogram. AB - Case report of a 14 year old girl with Hodgkin's disease whose echocardiographic findings showed an anterior mediastinal mass between the right ventricle and the chest wall. The echocardiogram permitted an accurate measurement of the AP diameter of the mass. This technique, in conjunction with chest x ray, provides a means of determining changes in overall mass size as an indication of response to therapy. PMID- 816817 TI - Tumor invasion of the interventricular septum detected by conventional echocardiography. PMID- 816818 TI - A new technique utilizing ultrasound to aid in intrauterine transfusion. AB - A new technique is described which utilizes ultrasound to diminish fetal exposure to x ray during intrauterine transfusion. In replacing x ray imagery, ultrasound better localizes the exact position of the intrauterine contents, including the vital fetal intraabdominal structures. Using an A mode needle aspiration transducer, it is possible to guide the tip of the transfusing needle into the center of the fetal intraperitoneal cavity. PMID- 816819 TI - Technique for dual transducer echocardiography. AB - Circuitry for simultaneous recording from dual transducers on a single echocardiogram is presented. The technique may be used to compare the motion pattern and time intervals of separate intracardiac structures. The technique may be difficult, is limited by the size of the cardiac window, and may be most useful for research purposes. PMID- 816821 TI - Prediction of maturity in first trimester of pregnancy by ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown-rump length. AB - Three hundred ninety fetal crown-rump measurements by ultrasound echography were performed in order to correlate the crown-rump length with gestational age between the sixth and fourteenth weeks of gestation. A blind trial in 58 patients showed a good correlation of ultrasonically determined age and menstrual age. A graph of normal values was designed and is currently being used in routine work. PMID- 816820 TI - Ultrasonic aspiration biopsy techniques. PMID- 816822 TI - Newer ultrasonographic anatomy in the upper abdomen: I. The portal and hepatic venous anatomy. AB - Gray scale ultrasonography has made it possible to identify hepatic and portal venous structures. Single sector sweep scanning is important in depicting these structures. Identification of venous structures is discussed as well as methods for distinguishing large veins from pathologic structures. PMID- 816823 TI - Newer ultrasonographic anatomy in the upper abdomen: II. The major systemic veins and arteries with a special note on localization of the pancreas. AB - Gray scale ultrasonography has made it possible to identify the major systemic arteries and veins in the upper abdomen. Identification of these vascular structures is discussed as well as their value as anatomic landmarks. PMID- 816824 TI - The Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization Seminar: an assessment. PMID- 816825 TI - Auditory pathways to the cortex in Tupaia glis. AB - The auditory system of the tree shrew, Tupaia glis, was investigated by identifying axonal degeneration after lesions of the lateral lemniscus, the inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate nucleus and the auditory cortex. The results show that the lateral lemniscus projects to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus which in turn projects principally to the ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus but to a lesser extent to the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus. The final step in the pathway to the cortex is achieved by a projection from the ventral division to the fourth layer of auditory koniocortex. There appear to be several auditory pathways parallel to this primary path. The lateral lemniscus projects to the dorsal division of the medial geniculate nucleus; the deeper layers of the superior colliculus project to the posterior nucleus; and both the dorsal division and the posterior nucleus project to the belt caudal to auditory koniocortex. The caudal division of the medial geniculate nucleus may constitute a relay in still another path from the pericentral division of the inferior colliculus. Finally, the magnocellular division also appears to be distinct insofar as its cortical projections are confined chiefly to the deeper layers. A comparison between the tree shrew and the cat reveals a similar organization in the two species. In the cat the starting point for understanding the organization of the several auditory pathways is the distinction between a core cortical zone which corresponds to konicortex and to AI and a peripheral belt. The core receives essential projections from the ventral division; the belt receives sustaining projections from the cell groups which surround the ventral division. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this difference between the core and the belt is characteristic of all mammals. PMID- 816826 TI - Isolation and examination of transducing bacteriophage particles from Streptococcus lactis C2. AB - Two defective transducing bacteriophages induced by exposure of Streptococcus lactis C2 to ultraviolet irradiation have been isolated and characterized. These temperate phages designated c2t1 and c2t2 were isolated by cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of phage preparations concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation. The equilibrium gradient contained two visually apparent phage bands positioned at densities of 1.487 and 1.463 g cm-3 respective for c2t1 and c2t2. Particle morphology and phenol extracted phage deoxyribonucleic acid were examined by electron microscopy for each phage. Head diameter, deoxyribonucleic acid length, and molecular weight for c2t1 were 60 nm, 10.9 mum, and 22.6 x 10(6) daltons, respectively. Phage c2t2 had a head diameter of 70nm, a deoxribonucleic acid length of 11.4 mum, and a molecular weight of 23.8 x 10(6) daltons. Comparing head diameter and phage deoxyribonucleic acid length suggests that the variation in c2t1 and c2t2 density was due to difference in head size. Phage c2t2 exhibited high frequency transduction of lactose metabolism based on preparations equilibrated by adjustment of optical density at 260 nm. Maltose and proteinase markers also were transduced by both phages. The transducing phage was defective, requiring a helper for the formation of transducing particles but not for the transduction process. Superinfection immunity was not conferred on post-infecting phage. The results demonstrated transduction by two nonidentical phage particles lysogenic for S. lactis C2. PMID- 816827 TI - Liquid feed passage route into stomach compartments, influence of abomasal infusions on plasma glucose, and supplementation of dry rations with liquid feeds from lick-wheel feeders. AB - Passage route into stomach compartments of liquid feeds containing a marker was studied by feeding a liquid supplement and molasses from a lick-wheel feeder and by infusing the liquid supplement into the reticulorumen 30 min prior to sampling contents of the reticulorumen and abomasum and 4 h prior to sampling blood for plasma glucose. Recovery from reticulorumen and concentration of marker in abomasal ingesta gave no evidence of rumen bypass, this supported by a gross correlation of .92 between rumen ammonia nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen intake from liquid feeds. Plasma glucose values were not different. Preinfusion and postinfusion plasma glucose values were similar for abomasal infusion of about 454 g of molasses, 20% crude protein liquid supplement, and for the basal diet. Values were lower for abomasal infusion of the 35% crude protein liquid supplement (Pro-Lix) than for the 20% crude protein liquid supplement. When complete rations containing 11.5, 13.0, and 14.5% crude protein were supplemented with either molasses or a 20% crude protein liquid supplement fed from lick-wheel feeders, intake averaged .53 and .34 kg per animal daily for the respective liquid feeds. There was no effect on milk yield, solids-corrected milk, milk fat content, protein content, solids-not-fat percent, or body weight change. There was an interaction of protein level and liquid feeds in which plasma glucose was increased by liquid feeds in higher but not in lower protein diets. PMID- 816828 TI - Heat resistant proteolytic enzymes from bacterial sources. PMID- 816830 TI - Synthesis and secretion of secretory immunoglobulins: with special reference to dental diseases. AB - The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in human tonsils, salivary glands, and inflamed gingiva is described. The cellular localization of J chain indicates that this peptide is a basic gene product of B cells that is expressed only in the early phase of clonal differentiation. Gland-associated immunocytes apparently are derived from this phase, which may be relevant to their local homing mechanism. The selective glandular transport of dimeric or polymeric IgA and 19S IgM may be determined by the content of J chain in these immunoglobulins. A J-chain-dependent configuration seems to be responsible for their noncovalent affinity for SC, and this may explain their specific reception at the epithelial cell membranes. Subsequent stabilization of the Ig-SC complexes takes place during their external transport, probably because of disulfide exchange. The latter process is more efficient for secretory IgA than for secretory IgM. The secretory dynamics of parotid IgA differs from that of other parotid proteins and is highly dependent on the degree of secretory stimulation. The secretion rate (mug/min/gland) seems to be a better measure of an individual's parotid IgA output than the absolute concentration of IgA in the secretion. A low parotid IgA secretion rate is associated with high susceptibility to dental caries, perhaps reflecting inferior resistance to dental plaque formation. It is not known whether such resistance, in part, is determined by specific antibodies to certain bacterial antigens. A potential candidate for an efficient preventive action of salivary antibodies could be the GTF enzyme system of S mutans. However, we were able to demonstrate only extremely rare immunocytes producing antibodies to GTF in human tonsils and gingiva, and none at all in salivary glands. PMID- 816829 TI - Immunization against dental caries: summary. PMID- 816831 TI - Purification, characterization, and immunogenicity of cell-associated glucan from Streptococcus mutans. AB - Appropriate immunization with whole cell vaccines of S mutans appear to induce antibodies that inhibit implantation of S mutans on tooth surfaces and associated dental caries. To better understand the mechanisms by which vaccination prevents S mutans implantation and dental caries, and to prepare antigens whose effectiveness and safety can be tested in animal models of caries, we set out to purify and chemically characterize the CAG of S mutans. The CAG of S mutans strain 6715 was prepared by extracting cells with potasssium hydroxide at 100 C. After neutralization and extensive washing, the water-insoluble product was characterized by a battery of chemical analyses and found to be a relatively pure glucan. The CAG was weakly immunogenic in rabbits when administered in Freund's complete adjuvant. In monkeys (M irus) immunized via the parotid duct with an aqueous solution of CAG, a definite but weak serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and salivary IgA antibody response was observed. Absorption experiments showed that the CAG induced antibodies that cross reacted with Sephadex G-25 and others that reacted with unique determinants on CAG. Retention of native antigenic determinants through the purification procedures was verified by the observations that antiserums to CAG reacted with whole cells of S mutans and by the fact that antiserums to S mutans cells reacted with CAG. PMID- 816832 TI - Inhibition of glucan and levan synthesis and neuraminidase activity of oral streptococci by monkey antiserums. AB - A demonstration that antiserums from monkeys immunized with fructosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase reduced the activities of the enzymes in producing glucans and levans was done. The nature of the inhibiting factor has not yet been identified. The local immunization of monkeys with glycosidic hydrolases produced a sufficient amount of inhibiting principle, presumably antibody, to inhibit neuraminidase one month after the first immunization and this degree of immunization, which reached degrees of 50%, remained constant throughout 11 months of immunization of these monkeys. The immunizing principle has not yet been found in saliva. A criterion for the feasibility for immunization has been met. A significant reduction in streptoccal glucosyltransferase, fructosyltransferase, and neuraminidase activity was noted after immunization with enzymes. PMID- 816833 TI - Immune components in dental plaque. AB - Acquired pelicle appears to contain primarily IgA and other proteins of salivary origin. With the increased time necessary for plaque formation, gingival crevicular fluid contributes proteins to the growing plaque accumulation. However, secretory IgA is still the major intact immunoglobulin in plaque samples since appreciable portions of the molecules bearing IgG determinants appear to be degraded to small fragments. Nevertheless, the amount of IgA present in plaque, which could be considered antibody, is too little to account for most of the plaque interactions. Since secretory IgA appears to be resistant to proteolytic degradation by a mixture of plaque enzymes, and IgA fragments are not prominent in plaque extracts, degradation of secretory IgA probably cannot explain the relatively low IgA levels in plaque. It has been shown that salivary IgA antibody can interfere with enzymes responsible for the plaque-forming potential of certain organisms. All the preceding evidence is consistent with our current contention that secretory IgA functions as blocking antibody to interfere with the formation of dental plaque. This could occur by direct inhibition of bacterial polymer formation or by direct or indirect inhibition of bacterial interaction with salivary constituents by secretory IgA. Less than 1% of the plaque interactions can probably be attributed to secretory IgA antibody. IgG may contribute even less since it is degraded. PMID- 816834 TI - Immunologic basis for vaccination against dental caries in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of immunization with Streptococcus mutans on the development of caries and the immune responses were investigated in 37 young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a period of up to 33 months. The monkeys were supplied a human type of carbohydrate-rich diet that contained about 15% sucrose. The monkeys were separated into seven groups, and the effects of two whole cell vaccines and an extracellular culture extract of S mutans in Freund's incomplete adjuvant were compared with a vaccine of a noncariogenic Streptococcus CHT, the adjuvant alone, and a sham immunized group. Sequential analysis of complement fixing, hemagglutinating and precipitating antibodies to the cell wall, and extracellular culture extract have shown that a significant reduction in smooth surface and fissure caries resulted from immunization with the S mutans vaccines, if antibodies reached an optimum level before caries development started. Protection was not elicited by the culture extract of S mutans or the noncariogenic Streptococcus CHT vaccines. A recently developed bacteriological sampling technique of crevicular fluid, plaque, and saliva showed that caries reduction in immunized animals was associated with a significantly decreased percentage of S mutans in crevicular fluid. Immunochemical studies showed IgG and IgM classes of antibodies in serum and secretory IgA antibodies in saliva, but it appears that reduction in caries was best associated with serum IgG antibodies to the culture extract of S mutans. The humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in the immunologic control of caries are discussed in terms of a central afferent mechanism required for antigen processing and cellular proliferation, and two peripheral effector mechanisms that function in the crevicular and salivary domains. PMID- 816835 TI - Immunization of Macaca fascicularis (Macaca irus) monkeys with Streptococcus mutans: specificity of antibody responses in saliva. AB - M fascicularis monkeys were immunized subcutaneously in the vicinity of the major salivary glands and by retrograde infusion into the parotid duct, with a vaccine containing Formalin-killed S mutans strain 6715 cells and culture-fluid antigens. Indirect immunofluorescent staining was used to titrate and classify antibodies. Subcutaneous immunization induced only a serum response, whereas intraductal infusion stimulated both an IgA antibody response in the parotid fluid and a serum response. Immunized and nonimmunized control groups were orally infected with S mutans strain 6715. The establishment in dental plaque was quantitated by recovery of the infecting organism on selective media and by immunofluorescent staining of plaque smears taken from individual tooth surfaces. The establishment of S mutans strain 6715 was noticeably inhibited in immune monkeys. Immunofluorescent assays for antibody also showed that serum and parotid fluid containing serum IgA antibodies cross reacted with other d serotype and a serotype strains but not representative b and c strains. Immune and control groups were then orally infected with S mutans strain GS-5, a c serotype strain, and no inhibition in establishment was detected of the non-cross-reacting type c organism in the immune group. A latter series of booster immunizations via the intraductal route resulted in a significant decrease in parotid fluid flow. Histological investigations showed inflammatory cell infiltration and replacement of epithelium by connective tissue in the glands from immunized monkeys. A separate group of monkeys, younger than the first, was immunized with the same vaccine via the duct only. In this group, immunizations were given at shorter intervals, but the immunization response was similar to that observed in the first group. The investigations reviewed here and new experiments reported show that immunization of monkeys with S mutan strain 6715 via the parotid duct elicited a reproducible IgA antibody response in the parotid fluid as well as a serum antibody response. Inhibition of colonization on tooth surfaces in immune monkeys showed specificity for the immunizing strain suggesting that inhibition was antibody mediated. PMID- 816836 TI - Effective immunity to dental caries: studies of active and passive immunity to Streptococcus mutans in malnourished rats. AB - The present studies suggest that rat dams passively transfer IgG to their offspring via milk. Furthermore, rat dams hyperimmunized to S mutans after intravenous administration of this bacterium have serum-precipitating antibody to S mutans group-specific antigen. This serum precipitin was also observed in serums of their offspring during the suckling period and was detectable for a week after weaning. When these offspring were infected with S mutans on the day of weaning, significantly fewer smooth surface lesions developed in them than in infected rats reared on nonimmunized mothers. These results suggest that anti-S mutans antibody, perhaps of the IgG2a class, is passively transferred from mother to offspring via the milk. Furthermore, this antibody is probably important in protection against S mutans infection. In this regard, recent studies by Lehner, Challacombe, and Caldwell have suggested that crevicular fluid transudating serum antibodies are important in the prevention of dental caries in rhesus monkeys. From our studies and others, it is becoming clear that at least two sources and classes of antibody are important in caries immunity. Secretory IgA, produced and secreted into saliva after local injection can be correlated with protection. At the same time, serum antibody (presumably IgG) either passively or actively derived also gives immune protection. Further studies must clarify the precise role of these Ig's and their possible synergistic activity with other specific immune factors in saliva in order to determine the mechanism(s) involved in effective caries immunity. PMID- 816837 TI - Let your antibody work--immunize early. PMID- 816838 TI - Introduction to the structural and cellular aspects of the secretory IgA system. PMID- 816839 TI - The value of serum lactate dehydrogenase total and heat stability index in defining the nature of hepatic and heart disease in the protein malnutrition syndrome. PMID- 816840 TI - Transient response of the basilar membrane measured in squirrel monkeys using the Mossbauer effect. PMID- 816841 TI - Immunologic cross-reactions among thermophilic actinomycetes associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Antibodies produced in rabbits against Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, T. sacchari, Thermoactinomyces candidus, and Saccharomonospora viridis were tested against antigens derived from many strains of thermophilic actinomycetes for precipitating antibodies by immunodiffusion test. It was found that immune sera reacted strongly against antigens from strains belonging to the same species and weakly against antigens from different species of thermophilic actinomycetes. However, sera from farmer's lung patients showed cross-reactivity against antigens from different species. This may be because the patient is sensitized to multiple species of thermophilic actinomycetes present in the environment and developed antibodies against most of them. PMID- 816844 TI - Patient assessment; putting it all together. PMID- 816842 TI - Protective effect of disodium cromoglycate against airway constriction induced by hemp dust extract. AB - The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was studied in 14 healthy subjects following hemp dust extract (HDE) inhalation (10-min exposure). Ten subjects were given 20 mg of DSCG or a placebo and then challenged with dust aerosol at 30 min post-DSCG inhalation. Partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves were recorded at least 30 min after exposure, and maximum expiratory flow rates at 40% of the control vital capacity [MEF40%(P)] were read from these curves. Significant acute reduction in MEF40%(P) were recorded after HDE alone and after pretreatment with placebo (p less than 0.01). There was considerable protection from a single dose of 20 mg of DSCG against hemp-induced bronchoconstriction although the acute reductions in MEF40%(P) were still statistically significant at 20 and 30 men postexposure. A group of 7 subjects was given 40 mg of DSCG or placebo 30 min prior to HDE inhalation. In another experiment this group was given 20 mg of DSCG four times daily for 2 days, and on the third day challenged with HDE. The protective effect of DSCG is a short-term one: somewhat less protection was seen after 2 days of four times 20 mg of DSCG/day than 30 min after a single dose of 40 mg. Measurement of airway conductance (Gaw) in 6 subjects demonstrated prevention of acute reductions in Gaw at low lung volumes (25% VC) in 4 out of 6 subjects. We suggest that inhalation of 40 mg of DSCG prior to a work shift might be considered as a temporary means of protecting textile workers against the constrictor effects of dust in their work. PMID- 816845 TI - The domino effect. PMID- 816847 TI - Stabilizing selection in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Stabilizing selection operates on egg length in Drosophila melanogaster. The percentage of eggs hatching decreases with departure from the population mean size; this effect cannot be explained by the model of neutral variation in a quantitative character. The finding of stabilizing selection agrees with expectations for a character inherited primarily through additive effects. PMID- 816966 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of p-N,N-dimethylamino-beta-phenethylamine (DAPA) oxidation reactions. "activation" and inhibition studies. AB - The oxidation of p-N,N-dimethylamino-beta-phenethylamine (DAPA) by amine oxidase(s) (AO), i.e., diamine oxidase (DAO), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and/or possibly other oxidases, has been previously demonstrated. This study reports the results of variations in fixation procedures and the incorporation of a series of possible "activators" and inhibitors into the DAPA oxidase (DAPAO) and DAPAO-BSPT [2-(2'-benzothiazolyl)-5-styryl-3-(4'-phthalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride] reaction media in an attempt to elucidate the oxidase(s) involved. Results of these studies are indicative of at least two different oxidases acting preferentially on one or the other of the two systems. The presence of MAO, especially in unfixed tissue, and DAO, especially in fixed tissue, is denoted and that of other oxidase(s) is connoted. PMID- 816967 TI - Immune response of guinea pigs with Deal's sarcoma to different strains of mycobacteria. PMID- 816969 TI - Studies on diphtheria infection in and around Delhi (a bacteriological study from faucial and cutaneous lesions). PMID- 816968 TI - Distribution of blood groups in West Bengal. PMID- 816970 TI - Ryle's tube obstruction by Ascaris lumbricoides. PMID- 816971 TI - A proposed biosynthesis pathway of drosopterins in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 816972 TI - Clinical significance of Lancefield groups L-T streptococci isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The aim of a study of all groups L-T streptococci isolated at the Massachusetts General Hospital during a 10-year period (1964-1974) was to ascertain the clinical significance of the less frequently occurring serological groups of streptococci. No organisms of groups P,R,S, or T were found during this time. The case records of 109 clinical isolates of alpha-reacting streptococci of Lancefield groups L,M,N, and O from blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were reviewed. There were six cases of endocarditis and one case of infected sternotomy uound with septicemia due to these streptococci. The two cases of endocarditis due to group O streptococci represent the first cases described with endocarditis caused by this group of organisms. Virtually all of the isolates of groups L,M,N, and O streptococci were susceptible to penicillin. Seventy-four percent of the isolates were judged not responsible for clinical disease. The importance of avoiding inappropriate therapy makes it necessary to realize that these organisms are potential "contaminants" of cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 816973 TI - Recognition of cyclic transmission of Sarcocystis muris by cats. AB - Sarcocystis muris, obtained from laboratory and house mice, was transmitted experimentally to cats. When cysts in the skeletal muscle of mice were ingested by cats, bradyzoites developed directly into gametes in the intestinal mucosa of the cats. After five to 11 days, infectious sporulated sporocysts (8.5 x 10.3 mum) were shed by cats for up to three months. After ingestion of the sporocysts, S. muris multiplied first in the livers and then in the skeletal muscle of mice. Cysts in skeletal muscle attained a length of 5-6 mm and were visible to the naked eye. With heavy infections the cysts outlined major muscle groups. Lesions in mice were apparently the result of degeneration or rupture of cysts, with myositis and sometimes muscle necrosis, leading to locomotor impairment in heavy infection. S. muris required approximately 76 days of development in mice before becoming infectious for cats. S. muris is perpetuated by an obligatory two-host cycle (mouse-cat). Both cats and mice could be infected repeatedly. Rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs did not become infected. PMID- 816974 TI - Immunity in infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: duration and serological response in the chimpanzee. AB - Relative and absolute resistance to urethral and pharyngeal infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae persisted for up to two years in male chimpanzees parenterally immunized with a colony type 2 gonococcal antigen. Twelve additional adult males were immunized with either a colony type 1 gonococcal antigen or a sham diluent before being challenged with the immunizing isolate of N. gonorrhoeae. Serum specimens were obtained throughout the immunization procedure and tested for indirect fluorescent, bactericidal, microhemagglutinating, and complement-fixing antibody to the immunizing isolate of N. gonorrhoeae. The serological response measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody and serum bactericidal tests correlated most closely with the resistance of individual chimpanzees when they were challenged in the pharynx and urethra with graduated doses of N. gonorrhoeae one month after the last immunization. In this study, the resistance of the immunized chimpanzees to urethral infection with N. gonorrhoeae varied from one to greater than 1,000 times that of sham-injected controls. PMID- 816975 TI - Pathogenesis of cutaneous lesions in acute meningococcemia in humans: light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic studies of skin biopsy specimens. AB - Biopsy specimens of the skin were taken from 10 patients with acute meningococcemia who exhibited mainly maculopurpuric lesions. The specimens were studied by light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopy in an attempt to obtain information on the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Light microscopy disclosed a large number of Neisseria meningitidis organisms, both in the endothelial cells and being phagocytized by neutrophils. Vascular injury was characterized (by means of both light and electron microscopy) by endothelial necrosis, thrombosis, and necrosis of other elements of the vascular wall, such as muscle cells and pericytes. Immunoglobulins and complement were also found in the vascular wall in most cases. Hypercoagulability was demonstrated in some patients. These findings suggest that the cutaneous lesions of meningococcemia fulfill most of the gross and histologic criteria of the local Shwartzman reaction, but that immunological factors probably contribute to pathogenesis. PMID- 816976 TI - Therapy of neutropenic rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Rats made profoundly neutropenic with cyclophosphamide were injected with 100 or 1,000 50% lethal doses of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspended in mucin. Rats were treated for 24, 48, or 72 hr with thrice daily intramuscular administration of carbenicillin (400 mg/kg), gentamicin (10 mg/kg), both of these agents at the same doses, or saline. One hour after injection of antibiotics, the mean bactericidal titers in serum were 1:4.7, 1:21., and 1:8.6 for rats receiving carbenicillin, gentamicin, and a combination of the two agents, respectively. Combination chemotherapy produced a greater reduction in mortality rate than did either agent alone for both inoculum sizes and for all three durations of therapy. Gentamicin was at least as effective as carbenicillin regardless of inoculum size or duration of therapy. Fourfold or greater increases in minimal inhibitory concentrations of P. aeruginosa were seen in 54% of postmortem blood culture isolates from animals treated with carbenicillin, in 15% from rats treated with gentamicin, and in none from animals receiving both agents. PMID- 816977 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia produced by endotoxin: role of impaired triglyceride disposal mechanisms. AB - The role of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin in producing hypertriglyceridemia was investigated in 70 male rhesus monkeys. Dose-response studies were performed with 0.3-9.0 mg of endotoxin/kg injected intravenously; free fatty acids and triglycerides were measured during the subsequent 8 hr. The effect of endotoxin on lipid disposal mechanisms was assessed by both intravenous lipid-loading tests and total plasma lipolytic activity after administration of heparin. The possible interference of endotoxin with lipid-clearing enzymes was also explored. Smaller doses of endotoxin (0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg) produced significant increments in free fatty acids within 2-5 hr of administration, with minimal trilgyceride increments. Larger doses of endotoxin (2.8-9.0 mg/kg) failed to produce significant elevations in free fatty acids but did result in significant triglyceride increases 2-6 hr after administration. Within 4 hr after administration of 7 mg of endotoxin/kg, both tests showed impaired disposal of lipids. However, once lipid-clearing enzymes were activated, endotoxin did not reduce lipolytic activity in vitro. These results support the contention that endotoxin significantly elevates serum triglyceride concentrations and leads to impaired lipid disposal mechanisms by interfering with the activation of lipid clearing enzymes. PMID- 816978 TI - The lack of effect of ampicillin plus probenecid given for genital infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae on associated infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Forty-six men were successfully treated with a single oral dose of ampicillin (2 g) plus probenecid (1 g) for urethral infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from cultures of cells obtained from 11 of these men both before and after treatment; C. trachomatis was isolated from one man before but not after treatment and from three men after but not before treatment. No isolates were obtained from the remaining 31 men either before or after treatment. Of the 15 patients whose cultures yielded C. trachomatis, 12 developed postgonococcal urethritis; of the 31 patients from whose cultures no isolate was obtained, five developed postgonococcal urethritis. Of 44 women successfully treated with ampicillin plus probenecid for cervical infections with N. gonorrhoeae, 18 had C. trachomatis isolated from the cervix both before and after treatment. C. trachomatis was isolated from five women before but not after treatment and from two women after but not before treatment. No isolates were obtained from the remaining 19 women either before or after treatment. Thus ampicillin plus probencide in the dosage used rarely eliminated C. trachomatis from the genital tract of either men or women. Whereas men with a persisting chlamydial infection will probably develop postgonococcal urethritis and thus receive appropriate treatment, such an infection in women is not likely to be suspected unless attempts are made to isolate C. trachomatis. PMID- 816979 TI - [Gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli]. PMID- 816980 TI - [Distribution of Edwardsiella tarda and hydrogen sulfide-producing Escherichia coli in healthy persons]. PMID- 816981 TI - [Drug resistance and distribution of R factors among Shigella strains]. PMID- 816982 TI - [Serotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens - with special reference to stains isolated in urinary tracts infections]. PMID- 816983 TI - [Dental occlusion and sensory perception of the tooth]. PMID- 816984 TI - An epileptogenic focus. PMID- 816985 TI - Some structural characteristics of chloroplast degeneration in cells of Euglena gracilis Z during their heterophic growth in darkness. PMID- 816986 TI - Diffusion of formocresol and glutaraldehyde through dentin and cementum. PMID- 816987 TI - Larval and adult abdominal defects resulting from microcautery of blastoderm staged Drosophila embryos. AB - Drosophila embryos were damaged by microcautery at the cellular blastoderm stage at the sites of presumptive histoblasts, identified from fate maps. The resulting adults were analyzed for abnormal abdominal structures in one series, and in two further series the pupal cases of the defective adults which hatched were also checked for irregularities in segmentation of the larva, both dorsally and ventrally. The relationships between the larval segmentation and adult pattern are described. A sample of pupal cases of morphologically normal flies hatching from microcautery were checked and showed that regulation only rarely occurred, i.e., abnormal larvae sometimes produced normal adults. Both tergite and sternite defects occurred, and duplications of parts of these structures were observed in both cases. In general, abnormal fusions, missing hemi-segments, and partial deletions were associated with larval defects and were therefore probably the result of damage to larval cells, or both larval cells and histoblasts. Duplications and partial segment deficiencies also resulted from apparantly normal pupal cases and were therefore probably the result of directly damaging the presumptive histoblast cells of the blastoderm. It is suggested that the various nests of histoblasts in each segment act as one morphogenetic field, with larval cells within the field. PMID- 816988 TI - The effects of temperature and thermal acclimation upon the osmotic properties and nonelectrolyte permeability of liver and gill mitochondria from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Thermal acclimation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) taken from 20 degrees C to 7 degrees C resulted in adaptation of mitochondrial function, as evidenced by increases in the specific activities of NADH- and succinate-cytochrome c reductase of 1.93- and 2.7-fold respectively. Mitochondria from both gill and liver obeyed the Boyle-van't Hoff relationship in the range from 400 to 60 mosM. Thermal acclimation had no effect on the osmotic properties of liver mitochondria, whereas gill mitochondria from cold-acclimated trout were more sensitive to osmotic swelling than mitochondria from warm-acclimated individuals. The non-electrolyte permeability of liver mitochondria was assessed by optically monitoring mitochondrial swelling rates in isosmotic solutions of urea, glycerol, mannitol and glucose. Two parameters of mitochondrial swelling were determined: (a) initial swelling rates, d(1/A)dt, and (b) swelling constants, ks, derived from the time required to swell a fixed volume. Regardless of the assay temperature or the permeant employed, liver mitochondria from cold-acclimated trout exhibited greater initial swelling rates than mitochondria from warm acclimated trout, indicating properties of temperature-compensated permeability. The apparent ranking of nonelectrolyte permeabilities was urea greater than glycerol greater than mannitol greater than glucose. ks values for urea and glycerol from cold-acclimated trout were greater than values typical of warm acclimated populations; however ks values for glucose and mannitol were not influenced by thermal acclimation. Regardless of the permeant considered, activation energies for ks values were 3- to 5-fold greater than those for initial swelling rates. The time course of mitochondrial swelling consists of two components, an initial rapid swelling phase characterized by a half-life of 3-12 seconds, and a slower swelling phase characterized by a half life of 1-6 minutes. Initial swelling rates, which approximate the rapid swelling component, are considered to be the least ambiguous index of permeability, whereas ks values are more complex and strongly influenced by the slower swelling component. PMID- 816989 TI - Comparative studies on the carcinogenecities of N, N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene and N'-acetyl-N'-methyl-4'-amino-N, N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene in a normal diet. PMID- 816990 TI - Extrachromosomal DNA in chloramphenicol resistant myxococcus strains. AB - The presence of extrachromosomal DNA in strains of Myxococcus xanthus and M fulvus was examined by rate-zonal centrifugation of radioactively-labelled DNA in 'cleared lysates'. All the strains examined contained extrachromosomal DNA, with the exception of M. xanthus FBt. Chloramphenicol resistance is inducible in M. xanthus FBt. A peak of extrachromosomal DNA, containing covalently closed molecules, was found in one of the induced strains, implying that induction of chloramphenicol resistance is associated with the production of a plasmid. By incubating R+ strains of Escherichia coli with myxococci, R factor-mediated chloramphenicol resistance can be introduced into the latter. Evidence of extra chromosomal DNA in a derivative of M. xanthus with chloramphenicol resistance from R factor RI. 19 unique to the chloramphenicol strain, was obtained. By using a double-labelling technique, several chloramphenicol-resistant strains of M. fulvus M were examined. Evidence for a peak, unique for the chloramphenicol resistant strain, was found in a strain with resistance derived from the R factor, S-a, but not from comparable strains with resistance derived from R factors R57b, R1. 19 and R478. PMID- 816991 TI - CO2-fixing enzymes in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens grown on glucose or glutamate at 1 or 20 degrees C, or on acetate at 20 degrees C, as sole carbon sources, contained both pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Pyruvate carboxylase was insensitive to acetyl-coenzyme A and L-aspartate, and its level in cell-free extracts was markedly dependent on the carbon source for growth, the highest specific activity being attained in glucose-grown cells. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, on the other hand, although less dependent on the nature of the carbon source,showed its highest level in acetate-grown cells; the enzyme activity required acetyl-coenzyme A and was strongly inhibited by L-aspartate. The micro-organism had, in addition, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which showed its highest specific activity in cells grown on acetate, and a NADP-linked malate enzyme, apparently repressed by acetate and showing its highest specific activity in glutamate-grown cells. PMID- 816992 TI - Serological relations between twelve small RNA viruses of insects. AB - Serological tests were done to examine the relationships between twelve picorna like viruses of insects. The results of the tests indicated that the majority of the viruses are unrelated. However, cricket paralysis virus, isolated from Australian wild field crickets, appeared to be identical to Drosophila C virus, independently isolated in France. Cricket paralysis virus was infective for adults of Drosophila melanogaster and its infectivity towards Galleria melonella was neutralised by Drosophila C virus antiserum. It is therefore concluded that cricket paralysis virus and Drosophila C virus are very closely related if not identical. PMID- 816993 TI - The influence of patient's personality on adjustment to chronic dialysis. AB - The aim of the present study is to gather data on the influence of certain personality factors an adjustment to chronic hemodialysis. One hundred thirty-six patients underwent predialysis personality assessment by clinical evaluation and all those who survived at least 6 months on dialysis were followed up. The follow ups were carried out by a nephrologist and a psychiatrist 6 months (100 patients), 12 months (87 patients), 24 months (51 patients), and 36 months (28 patients) after commencement of dialysis. The main findings confirmed the assumption that it is possible to predict, at a highly significant statistical level, all of the major aspects of adjustment: compliance with the diet, rehabilitation, and the patients' psychological condition was reflected by four aspects--depression, suicidal tendencies, anxiety, and psychotic complications. A slight tendency was found to overestimate patients' adjustment potential. The possibility that this was due to stresses not taken into account, e.g., the threat of death, is discussed. Analysis of the limited data of our own unit compared with the rest of the group seems to indicate that our patients fulfilled their potential for adjustment to a higher degree than those in other units, especially in regard to compliance and lack of depression. The presence of a psychiatrist and a social worker on the team may have improved adjustment prospects. The question was raised whether this phenomenon is the result of psychotherapy with the patients or of indirect service, e.g., a psychiatrist on the team promoting the development of a realistic team attitude and reducing physicians' denial. Understanding the specific personality traits that cause specific maladjustment may provide a rational basis for focus-oriented psychotherapeutic intervention, while enabling the planning of optional treatment methods for terminal renal failure. PMID- 816994 TI - Cystathionine synthesis and degradation in brain, liver and kidney of the developing monkey. PMID- 816995 TI - The distribution of choline acetyltransferase activity in vertebrate retina. PMID- 816996 TI - Purification of rat brain choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 816997 TI - The distribution of taurine in the vertebrate retina. PMID- 816998 TI - Use of the Anger scintillation camera for determining thyroid uptake. AB - Nineteen patients, representing a spectrum of thyroid function, were studied. The mean 24-hr thyroid 131I uptakes determined by a standard counting procedure and by our scintillation camera counting method were 15.0% and 16.4%, respectively, for the entire patient population. The 24-hr 131I uptakes from these two methods correlated with a coefficient of 0.99. A high degree of correlation between the two methods was found in evaluating euthyroid and hypothyroid patients and a similar finding was noted in the one hyperthyroid patient studied. PMID- 817000 TI - Double-labeling of experimental acute myocardial infarcts with 113mIn- and 99mTc EDTMP. AB - The feasibility of double-labeling of acute myocardial infarcts with 113mIn-EDTMP [ethylenediaminetetra(methylene phosphonic acid)] and 99mTc-EDTMP was evaluated. The in vitro distributions of these tracers in acute myocardial infarcts in dogs and their selectivities for infarcted versus noninfarcted myocardium were compared. Both tracers concentrated in acutely infarcted myocardium, and there was excellent correlation between their uptakes (r = 0.88). They also provided complete separation between infarcted and uninfarcted tissue, as checked by histology. Accordingly, these agents show promise for the multiple-labeling of acute myocardial infarcts in experiments to determine the natural course of myocardial infarction and the efficacy of therapy aimed at limiting infarct size. In addition, 113mIn-EDTMP may be useful for serial scintigraphy during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction when the damage may be, at least to some extent, reversible. PMID- 816999 TI - Survey of radioactive agents for in vitro labeling of phagocytic leukocytes. I. Soluble agents. AB - Twenty-three soluble (nonparticulate) radioactive agents were screened for their ability to label leukocytes in vitro in the presence or absence of plasma and red cells. The degree of cell binding was compared with that of other agents previously reported. Leukocyte binding of 2% or more of the added radioactivity was obtained with ten of these agents. High labeling yields were obtained only with nonpolar lipid-soluble complexes capable of penetrating lipid cell membranes. Unfortunately, this type of labeling tends to be reduced by plasma protein. Some lipophilic radioactive agents tend to elute from the cells after labeling. Compared with radioactive particles, soluble radiopharmaceuticals offer the advantage of easy centrifugal separation of the cell-bound from the residual activity in the suspension fluid. However, the labeling yield tends to be lower than for radioactive particles, and other cellular elements are labeled in addition to the phagocytic leukocytes. In this survey, the most promising soluble agents were 111In or 99mTc complexes of oxine, 111In-tetraphenylporphyrin, DNA labeled with radioactive iodine, and DNA labeled with 77Br and complexed with adriamycin. The ultimate value of any of these agents must await adequate in vivo testing in experimental animals and clinical trials. PMID- 817001 TI - The comparative costs of operating a team and primary nursing unit. PMID- 817002 TI - Experimental salivary mucoceles in cat. A histochemical study. AB - Ductal ligation of the sublingual gland induced mucocele formation in a high percentage of cats. Extravasated mucus was associated with all sublingual glands up to 20 days after ligation, and extravasation mucoceles were associated with 12 out of 27 sublingual glands between 7 and 365 days after ligation. Enzyme histochemic examination revealed that the extravasated mucus induced a migration of macrophages and a fibroblastic reaction. It is thought that if these reactions are sufficiently intense in the early days after ligation, then continued spread of extravasated mucus and mucocele formation does not occur; however, if the extravasation is too great to be contained, a mucocele forms in which a balance develops between extravasation of mucus and its removal. Possibly the numerous macrophages in the mucoceles are involved in degrading mucus and facilitating its removal. PMID- 817003 TI - The reaction of salivary substances with bacteria. AB - Reactions between selected strains of oral streptococci and saliva were studied spectrophotometrically. The curves of absorbance (700 nm) versus those of time were sigmoidal for aggregating saliva-bacteria mixtures. Whtn the logarithm of the ratio of the change in absorbance to the remaining absorbance was plotted against the reaction time, straight lines were obtained. At a fixed concentration of bacteria, the slope of these lines for a series of dilutions of a selected saliva sample was a parabolic function of the volume of saliva in the reaction mixtures. A model for the aggregation reaction was developed which explained the shape of these parabolic curves. The parameters of the model can be calculated from the experimental data and can be used to estimate the concentration of aggregation-inducing substances in undiluted saliva. A method for calculating the specific rate constant for the binding of free cells to aggregates was developed. This rate constant is a characteristic feature of a given aggregation reaction and can, in principle, be used to distinguish between aggregation-inducing substances of different molecular structures. PMID- 817004 TI - The nature of epithelial proliferation in apical granulomas. AB - Small sections of granulomas containing proliferating epithelium were incubated with a radio-opaque marker (Thorotrast) and tissue culture medium. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated that some epithelial cells had the potential to take up the marker whereas in control sections of apical cysts this did not occur. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 817005 TI - The histology of prolonged candidal infection of the rat's tongue. AB - Long-term candidal infection of the rat's tongue has been found to produce marked epithelial hyperplasia with keratin trapped between the folds of hyperplastic epithelium. The epithelium showed atypia which did not amount to carcinoma in situ. Degenerative changes were found in the superficial layers of the lingual muscle beneath areas of candidal infection, and after a year, hyalinized fibrous tissue appeared to replace the damaged muscle. PMID- 817006 TI - Biological tests on an experimental glass ionomer (silicopolyacrylate) cement. AB - The biological compatibility of an experimental glass ionomer (silicopolyacrylate) cement has been assessed in in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (monkey teeth) tests. For comparison a conventional silicate cement (Super Syntrex) was included in the in vivo experiments. In vitro, the glass ionomer cement was toxic when freshly prepared. The toxicity decreased, however, with increasing setting time. In experiments with prolonged cell-material contact time with specimens which had set for 24 h, the material appeared to be non-toxic. The in vivo experiments confirmed previous reports concerning unfavourable pulp reaction caused by silicate cement, while the glass ionomer cement caused mainly a mild pulp reaction after 8 days of observation. Unfortunately no longer-term observations were obtained since the material had been washed out of the cavities within 36 days. PMID- 817007 TI - Lateral displacement of the mandible in Rhesus monkeys. AB - Lateral displacement of the mandible was induced experimentally in five adult male Rhesus monkeys. Following from 2 1/2 weeks to 19 months, the animals were sacrificed and examined histologically. Two of the monkeys received H3 proline 4 months prior to sacrifice and radioautographs were prepared. The lateral displacement apparently caused great discomfort because the monkeys refused to eat and lost weight rapidly for a few months. After about 12 months, the monkeys could again eat their normal diet to the extent they started to gain weight slowly. The histological and radio-autographic findings indicated almost no changes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joints. However, extensive reorganization of the neck of the condyles was observed. Severe periodontal trauma and extensive movements of the teeth occurred in spite of the fact that the teeth in each jaw were splinted firmly together. PMID- 817008 TI - Studies on human malaria in Aotus monkey. VII. Comparative infectivity of two strains of Plasmodium vivax to to Anopheles freeborni, A. maculatus, and for strains of A. albimanus. AB - A strain of Plasmodium vivax from El Salvador was shown to be more infectious to the Apastepeque strain of Anopheles albimanus from El Salvador than was a strain of P. vivax from Colombia, S. A. The Apastepeque mosquito strain was also more susceptible to the Savadoran strain of P. vivax than were 2 other strains of this mosquito from El Salvador. A strain of A. albimanus from Panama was more susceptible to both of the parasite than were any of the Salvadoran strains of A. albimanus. PMID- 817009 TI - Immune response to Leishmania tropica in Macaca Mulatta. AB - Clinical resistance to primary, secondary, and tertiary infections with Leishmania tropica, cellular- and humoral-immune responses, and the effects of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) therapy on these parameters were studied in rhesus monkeys. Cellular immunity was assessed by in vitro blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in the presence of L. tropica antigen. Humoral-immune response was detected by the agglutination of trypsinized organisms. In the monkeys, it was found that (a) immunity did not follow cutaneous infection with L. tropica as it usually does in man, (b) in vitro transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the production of agglutinating antibody was delayed by ALG therapy before infection, (c) altered in vitro lymphocyte responses with normal antibody response were observed in animals injected with ALG before reinfection, after primary infection without such manipulation, and (d) there was no evidence of metastasis or visceralization. These results suggest that immunity to L. tropica in monkeys is in some ways qualitatively and quantitatively different from that in humans and that multiple host-immune factors are operative in resistance to this parasite. PMID- 817010 TI - Immunoglobulins attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni Sambon 1907, from first infection of CF mice. AB - 7Sgamma2b antibody was found attached to and in the integument of adult Schistosoma mansoni removed from CF1 white mice. With the techniques used, IgA, IgM, 7Sgamma1, 7Sgamma2a, 7Sgamma3, and C3 complement were not found to be attached to the integumental surfaces. 7Sgamma2b does not seem to fix C3, and it is suggested this antibody may be acting in enhancing and blocking roles which protect the worms from the host. PMID- 817011 TI - The intestinal parasites of a community of feral chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. AB - Fecal specimens from 32 champanzees living in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, were examined. Six species of helminths and 2 species of ciliates were found: Probstmayris gombensis File (in press), Strongyloides fuelleborni von Linstow 1905, Necator sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Abbreviata caucasica von Linstow 1902, Trichuris sp., Troglodytella abrassarti Brumpt and Joyeux 1921, and an unidentified ciliate. None of the parasitic infections were heavy. This is the first such survey of the chimpanzee in its natural habitat. PMID- 817012 TI - Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A gastrin hypothesis pursued. AB - Pentagastrin and acetyl choline were shown to contract isolated strips of the circular pyloric muscle from baboons. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that gastrin may have a part to play in the development or maintenance of congenital hypertrophiic pyloric stenosis of infancy. PMID- 817014 TI - Some behavioral effects of morphine, naloxone and nalorphine in the squirrel monkey and the pigeon. AB - Morphine, naloxone and nalorphine were studied for their effects on the performance of squirrel monkeys and pigeons responding under multiple fixed interval (FI), fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of food presentation. Morphine generally produced only dose-related decreases in responding in both monkeys and pigeons; monkeys were 10 times more sensitive to morphine than pigeons. The only effect of lower doses of naloxone (0.01-1 mg/kg, monkeys; 1-10 mg/kg, pigeons) was to increase FI responding in some pigeons. Higher doses of naloxone (10-56 mg/kg), produced gross disturbances such as tremors and vomiting and decreased FI and FR responding of both monkeys and pigeons. Nalorphine had strikingly different effects on the behavior of the two species. In the pigeons, nalorphine consistently increased both FI and FR response rates at doses from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg and decreased responding only at doses of 30 to 100 mg/kg. Nalorphine did not increase responding at any dose in the monkeys and the pigeons, nalorphine was only one-tenth as potent as naloxone in antagonizing the effects of morphine on FI and FR responding. Decreasing response rates caused by nalorphine appeared to limit further its usefulness as a morphine antagonist. Antagonism of the rate decreasing effects of morphine on FI and FR responding occurred over a narrower range of doses with nalorphine than with naloxone, especially in monkeys. PMID- 817016 TI - [Light and activity rhythm of Phaner furcifer (nocturnal malagasy Prosimian) in its natural environment (author's transl)]. AB - The behavior of a nocturnal malagasy Prosimian (Phaner furcifer) in its natural environment has been studied in relation to its visual abilities and to the light cycle of the biotope. By photometric measurements (autonomous photomultiplier used with interferential filters) we attempted to connect the activity rhythms of the animals with the light level in the actual biotope (quantitative and qualitative approach). 10 Emergence from the nest occurs when the level of light becomes sufficiently low (about 1 lux). Return to the nest is observed as soon as the light level increases. The times of these behavioral activities therefore vary with the season. 20 Histological examination of the retina reveals only the presence of rods. The absolute sensitivity threshold (scotopic) measured by a technique of operant conditioning is comparable to that of man. 30 The level of light observed in nature is well above the visual threshold. The precision with which emergence from the nest occurs in relation to the ambiant light is surprising considering the absence of cones in the retina. PMID- 817015 TI - Estimation of the lifespan of amiloride binding sites in the membranes of toad bladder epithelial cells. AB - 1. Sodium entry sites in the membranes of isolated epithelial cells prepared from bladders of toads (Bufo marinus) have been labelled with amiloride. The number of binding sites remained constant in suspensions for up to 100 hr. 2. In the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide, 0-5 mug/ml.) there was a decline in the density of binding sites was approximately exponential. Regression analysis gave a half-life of approximately 60 hr. 3. Aldosterone (5 X 10(-8) M) caused a significant (P less than 0-001) increase (50%) in the density of amiloride binding sites. Cells which had been treated with aldosterone had populations of binding sites which declined, in the presence of cycloheximide, at rates indistinguishable from those of untreated cells. PMID- 817017 TI - Editorial: Geriatric care. PMID- 817018 TI - Care of the elderly. Comment on the report of the Standing Committee of Members by the Geriatrics Committee of the Royal College of Physicians. PMID- 817019 TI - Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 1. Nitrogen analogs, benzopyranopyridines and benzopyranopyrroles. AB - Various nitrogen analogs of delta6a,10a-tetrahydrocannabinol were synthesized by a general procedure described in an earlier communication. Minimum effective doses (MED50's) and lethal doses (LD50's) were determined by a modified Irwin mouse screen after iv administration of compounds in PEG 200. The most potent compounds were the propargyl (5t), allyl (5m), and chloroallyl (5o-q) derivatives. Overt behavioral effects (CNS depression, static ataxia, and hypersensitivity) of 5t and Roger Adams' carbocyclic analog (III) were found to be similar in the mouse, cat, dog, and monkey. Dichloroisoproterenol prevented and reversed many of the depressant effects of both III and 5t but had no effect on the ataxia produced by these compounds. In antinociceptive tests, 5t was active in the phenylquinone and Eddy hot-plate tests but was inactive in the tail flick test. PMID- 817020 TI - Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 2. Basic esters of nitrogen and carbocyclic analogs. AB - Various basic esters of nitrogen (2) and carbocyclic (3 and 4) analogs of cannabinoids were synthesized using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in methylene chloride. The compounds in the three series werw studied in selected pharmacological tests in mice, rats, dogs, and cats. It was shown that making the basic ester from the phenol retains biological activity and can lead to a greater selectivity of action, particularly the antinociceptive activity. The most interesting esters were 5, 6, 10, and 14 in the nitrogen analogs series and 19 and 20 in the carbocyclic series. Compound 5 was more potent than codeine in the writhing, hot-plate, and tail-flick tests and is at present undergoing clinical testing. Compound 20 was very potent in the mouse audiogenic seizure test and is of interest as an anticovulsant agent. PMID- 817021 TI - Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 5. delta6a,10a-Tetrahydrocannabinol and heterocyclic analogs containing aromatic side chains. AB - Ten new delta6a,10a-THC analogs with arylalkyl side chains, one with a dimethylaminoalkyl side chain, and six heterocyclic delta6a,10a-THC analogs [8 substituted 5,5-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2-(2-propynyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-[1]benzo pyrano[4,3-c]pyridines] were prepared. They showed pharmacological activity as analgesics, tranquilizers, antihypertensives, and hypnotics and as antisecretory, antiulcer, and antidiarrheal agents. The most potent compounds had either a 1 methyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl or a 1,2-dimethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl side chain. PMID- 817022 TI - Mode of action and quantitative structure-activity correlations of tuberculostatic drugs of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide type. AB - Quantitative structure-activity studies have been performed for a series of 2 substituted isonicotinic acid hydrazides by correlating electronic, steric, and lipophilic properties of the substituents with the biological activity date (MIC) from serial dilution tests with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H 37 Rv). The reaction rates for the quaternization of 2-substituted pyridines with methyl iodide were also determined. The rate constants show a similar dependence on the steric and electronic effects of the substituents as the antibacterial activities of the corresponding pyridine-4-carboxylic acid hydrazides. The obtained correlations give evidence that the reactivity of the pyridine nitrogen atom is essential for the biological activity of 2-substituted isonicotinic acid hydrazides and seem to support the hypothesis that isonicotinic acid derivatives are incorporated into an NAD analogue. PMID- 817024 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel heterocycles. Azolo-as triazines. AB - A general method for the preparation of substituted azolo-as-triazines is reported. The various alpha-aminoazoles (3-aminopyrazole, 3-amino-s-triazole, 5 amino-v-triazole, 2-aminoimidazole, 4(5)-aminoimidazole, and their substituted derivatives) were diazotized and coupled with active methylene reagents (beta diketones, beta-keto esters, beta-keto acids, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile) to afford intermediates which were then cyclized in methanol, acetic acid, or benzene. The cyclized products were the corresponding pyrazolo[2,3-c]- (2), s-triazolo[2,3-c]- (3), imidazo[3,4-c]- (4), v-triazolo[1,2 c]- (5), and imidazo[3,4-c]-as-triazines (6) with substituents such as amino, alkyl (or hydrogen), ester, ketone, or nitrile, depending on the methylene reagent used. Of the 28 compounds synthesized (representative of the five heterocycles) six, with various substituents, exhibited specific in vitro antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2b and 2d inhibited the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas, 3a, and 5a inhibited the gram-positive Staphylococcus, 2h inhibited the dermatophyte Trichophyton, and 2c inhibited the yeast Candida in the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) range of 0.40-0.16 mumol/ml. PMID- 817023 TI - Novel heterocyclic nitrofurfural hydrazones. In vivo antirypanosomal activity. AB - Hydrazine derivatives of several pyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidines (A), pyrazolo[1,5 alpha]-1,3,5-triazines (B), s-triazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidines (C), and imidazo[1,2 alpha]pyrimidines (D) were synthesized and condensed with 5-nitrofurfural in order to obtain the corresponding nitrofurfural hydrazones of each heterocycle (1d-14d). Each compound was screened for in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. The compounds were then tested in vivo against experimental infections of T. cruzi in laboratory (C3H/He strain) mice. An interesting structure-activity relationship was uncovered, revealing that 5-methyl-7-(5 nitrofurfurylidenehydrazino)pyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidine (2d) greatly increased the mean survival time (IMST) of mice with terminal infections. Subtle alterations in the structure of 2d, such as the substitution of a 5-hydrogen for the 5-methyl group (1d) or the substitution of the 3-hydrogen by the water soluble 3-sulfonic acid (3d) or 3-sodium sulfonate (4d), resulted in a drastic loss of in vivo and in vitro activity. PMID- 817025 TI - Catechol O-methyltransferase. 8. Structure-activity relationships for inhibtion by 8-hydroxyquinolines. AB - A series of 5- and 7-substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines was evaluated as inhibitors of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT, E.C. 2.1.1.6). The electronic character of the substituents in the 5 position appeared to have only a small effect if any on the inhibitory activity of these compounds. A significant factor which contributes to the inhibitory activity of these compounds appears to be the nature of the 7-substituent. The structure-activity relationship for this series of inhibitors is discussed relative to the nature of the enzymatic binding site. PMID- 817026 TI - Bridged aminotetralins. 4. Resolution of potent analgesics of the bridged aminotetralin type. PMID- 817027 TI - Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ingestion and digestion by phagocytes of human buffy coat. AB - In tests in vitro with the phagocytes of human buffy coat, a recent isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which was pilated, formed small colonies and resembled the virulent Kellogg type 2 (strain BS), resisted ingestion more than did another isolate (strain AL), which was non-pilated, formed large colonies and resembled the avirulent Kellogg type 4. Some members of both strains survived for significant periods within the phagocytes in test conditions that tended to minimise rather than maximise such survival; and strain BS had a greater capacity for intracellular survival than strain AL, with some of its members surviving for at least 8 h. Resistance to phagocytic ingestion is one important invasive mechanism of gonococci, and resistance to phagocytic digestion may also play a role in pathogenicity. PMID- 817028 TI - Effects of Cd++ on short-circuit current across epithelial membranes. I. Interactions with Ca++ and vasopressin on frog skin. AB - Cadmium ion (Cd++) significantly increased potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) across isolated frog skin when added to the outside Ringer's solution at 10(-4), 10(-3) and 5 X 10(-3) M concentration. Resistance was reduced by 10(-4) 7 cd++ but not significantly changed by the higher concentrations. When SCC was first stimulated by vasopressin, 10(-4) and 10(-3) M Cd++ produced additive stimulation which was reversible by washing with Cd++-free Ringer's. If SCC was first stimulated by Cd++, further stimulation by vasopressin was additive with 10(-4)M Cd++ but dompletely inhibited by 10(-3)M Cd++. Elevating the calcium ion (Ca++) concentration of the outer Ringer's from 10(-3) M to 5 X 10(-3)M or 10(-2)M prior to Cd++ treatment did not reduce the magnitude of SCC stimulation by Cd++. Removal of Ca++ from the outside Ringer's with 2 X 10%-3)M EDTA increased SCC as predicted. Subsequent addition of 5 X 10(-3) M Cd++ drastically reduced SCC below control levels while equimolar concentrations of Cd++ and EDTA reduced SCC only to control levels. These results suggest that Cd++ interacts with the components of the apical plasma membranes of epithelial cells which are associated with the stimulation of SCC by vasopressin and Ca++ removal and may be a useful probe for elucidating these components. PMID- 817029 TI - Relationships between serosal medium potassium concentration and sodium transport in toad urinary bladder. I. Effects of different medium potassium concentrations on electrical parameters. AB - When serosal medium potassium was decreased from the usual concentration of 3.5 mM, the short-circuit current (SCC) of hemibladders in chambers immediately and transiently increased. The maximum SCC attained was greater the greater the decrease in serosal potassium, and was twice the initial SCC when the final serosal medium was potassium-free. The SCC then fell to its previous level for final serosal potassium concentrations greater than 2 mM and to less than its previous level for those less than 2 mM, being lowest (15% of previous levle) in potassium-free sodium Ringer's. When serosal medium potassium was increased from 3.5 mM by substituting potassium for sodium, SCC transiently decreased and then recovered to its previous level. Steady SCC was the same in serosal media of 2 116 mM potassium; conductance increased and p.d. decreased after incubation in 50 116 mM potassium serosal media. Short-circuit current and p.d. transiently increased (decreased) whenever serosal medium potassium was decreased (increased); conductance increased with any change in serosal potassium. Changing mucosal medium potassium concentration between 0 and 50 mM did not affect SCC. The initial transient increase and subsequent decrease in SCC on removing serosal potassium were partially prevented by 3.5 mM rubidium or caesium, or by 116 mM choline in the serosal medium. The transient changes in SCC were due partly to changes in transepithelial sodium transport. PMID- 817030 TI - Relationships between serosal medium potassium concentration and sodium transport in toad urinary bladder. II. Effects of different medium potassium concentrations on epithelial cell composition. AB - Epithelial cells from hemibladders incubated in potassium-free sodium Ringer's serosal medium lost potassium, both in exchange for serosal sodium and with chloride and water. Cellular sodium of mucosal origin did not change. The loss of cellular potassium, chloride and water closely followed the fall in short-circuit current (SCC). One third as much potassium, chloride and water were lost in 1 mM potassium serosal medium; SCC fell 1/3 as much. Potassium-free choline Ringer's serosal medium abolished the initial increase in SCC and reduced the fall in cellular potassiu, chloride and water and in SCC. Ouabain (10(-2)M) in potassium free medium prevented the initial increase in SCC and the loss of cellular chloride and water. Ouabain (5 X 10(-4)M) caused loss of cellular potassium in exchange for mucosal and serosal sodium, effects different from those of absence of serosal potassium although SCC was similarly inhibited. Sodium-free mucosal medium abolished SCC and prevented the initial transient of SCC and diminished loss of cellular potassium, chloride and water on removing serosal potassium. When serosal potassium concentration was increased considerably, cells gained potassium, chloride and water, and in 116 mM potassium media, lost sodium of serosal origin. A hypothesis is advanced to explain the transients in SCC on changing serosal potassium concentration. The fall in cellular potassium, not water, probably inhibits sodium transport in media of less than 2 mM potassium. PMID- 817031 TI - Relationships between serosal medium potassium concentration and sodium transport in toad urinary bladder. III. Exchangeability of epithelial cellular potassium. AB - The exchangeability of toad bladder epithelial cell potassium has been investigated. An insignificant amount of cellular potassium exchanged with mucosal medium 42K. From the rate of uptake of 42K into the cells from the serosal medium at least two cellular potassium pools were identified. The more rapidly exchanging pool contained about one-quarter to one-third of the cellular potassium and exchanged with a half-time of about 30 min. It was from this pool that potassium was lost from cells exposed to ouabain or to a potassium-free medium. In addition, when 3.5 mM rubidium replaced 3.5 mM potassium in sodium Ringer's the epithelial cells lost in 60 min about one-quarter of their cellular potassium in exchange for rubidium. Inhibition of transepithelial sodium transport by amiloride, 10(-5) mM, seemed to depress the rate of potassium uptake into the more rapidly exchanging pool without affecting total cellular potassium content. However, stimulation of transepithelial sodium transport by vasopressin appeared not to affect the rate of potassium uptake. The rate of potassium uptake into this pool seemed much less than that required for a tight 1:1 coupling between transepithelial sodium transport and potassium uptake. The remaining cellular potassium exchanged at a much slower rate and even after 19 hours of incubation only 67% of cellular potassium was labelled. If this slower exchanging potassium represents a single pool, 99% of cellular potassium would be labelled only after incubation with 42K for 56 hours. PMID- 817032 TI - Differential covalent labeling of apical and basal-lateral membranes of the epithelium of the toad bladder. AB - The apical (luminal) plasma membrane of toad bladder epithelial cells has been labeled with (125I) diazo-diiodo sulfanilic acid (125I-DDISA) as demonstrated by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The silver grains (125I) were localized exclusively to the apical surface. At concentrations of DDISA of 10(-3) M or less, binding to the apical membrane had no significant effect on the fine structure of the epithelium. At concentrations of DDISA of 10(-6) M or less, the baseline short-circuit current (SCC), and the response to cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plus theophylline were unimpaired. At 10(-5) M, baseline SCC was unchanged and the response to cyclic AMP plus theophylline was enhanced. At concentrations of 10(-4) M and greater baseline SCC was depressed and the response to the nucleotide inhibited. The basal-lateral epithelial plasma membranes were labeled by exposing the serosal side to pyridoxal phosphate and reducing the resultant Schiff base with sodium borotritide (3H-NaBH1). In electron-microscopic autoradiographs, the silver grains (3H) were found over the basal and lateral surfaces of the epithelium. At concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate of 10(-4) M and 3H-NaBH1 of 10(-3) M, there were no significant changes in the fine structure of the epithelium. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate (10(-4) M) and NaBH4 (10(-3) M) to the serosal side decreased the baseline SCC significantly but not the response to vasopressin. Covalent attachment of the 125I and the 3H was indicated by resistance to elution in the preparation of the sections for electron-microscopy and the reagent requirements for binding. PMID- 817033 TI - Distilled glutaraldehyde: its use in an improved fixation regime for cell suspensions. AB - A method is described for the sequential fixation of cell suspensions, suitable for use at room or culture temperatures. Though an adequate method for fixing cell suspensions does exist in the literature (Hirsch & Fedorko, 1968), it involves the use of a mixed glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixative. Since these two components inter-react, this method has many drawbacks. Previously described weaknesses of a sequential fixation regime (Hirsch & Fedorko, 1968; Jones, Yeh & Hirsch, 1972) with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide have been overcome by the use of vacuum distilled glutaraldehyde as the primary fixative. The results, using a mixed glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixative and using the two components sequentially on a variety of cell types, are compared. The advantages of a sequential fixation made possible by the use of vacuum distilled glutaraldehyde rather than commercial glutaraldehyde are discussed. PMID- 817034 TI - Outline of a treatment program for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 817036 TI - Closed treatment of ankle fractures: a new criterion for evaluation - a review of 250 cases. AB - A new approach to determine the adequacy of closed reduction of ankle fractures was applied to a series of 250 cases over a 1-year period at the Naval Regional Medical Center, San Diego, California. We propose that the determination of the "talo-crural angle" on the uninjured side will serve as a guide for the adequate closed reduction of the fractured ankle, if it is reduced to within 2 degrees of the "talo-crural angle" of the uninjured side. PMID- 817035 TI - Evidence for differential function of neuronal and glial cells in protein metabolism and amino acid transport. AB - Amino acid incorporation in neuronal and glial cells has been investigated in several laboratories employing bulk-separation techniques to obtain cell-enriched fractions. The relative rates of incorporation into the proteins of both cell types vary substantially with the method of isotope administration. Through the use of single-pulse perfusions with a duration of 30-40 sec the early time course of labeling has been studied. The difference between neuronal and glial cells with respect to indicating cell interactions will be discussed. The in vitro amino acid incorporation has been measured in neurons and glia after slice incubation. In material from animals developing experimental allergic encephalitis the rate of 3H-leucine incorporation more than doubles in the unfractionated brain. Glial cells increased their rate of incorporation by approximately 400% under the same conditions. The involvement of specific proteins in the cells and organelles has been studied by gel electrophoresis. The high uptake capacity of glial cells for certain amino acids with possible transmitter function has been further characterized. The release of these substances is measured in a superfusion system where beds of cells, preloaded with the labeled substance, are used. High potassium pulses stimulate release of, for example, GABA in both neuronal and glial cells. PMID- 817037 TI - Acquired zinc deficiency. Cutaneous manifestations typical of acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - A patient given long-term total parenteral nutrition acquired a zinc deficiency severe enough to cause typical cutaneous manifestations of acrodermatitis enteropathica. This report, the first detailed one, to our knowledge, of such an association, adds to the accumulating evidence that supplementation of trace elements is needed in long-term parenteral nutrition. PMID- 817038 TI - Wernicke encephalopathy following prolonged intravenous therapy. AB - Two nonalcoholic patients who were maintained for extended periods on intravenous fluids manifested the morphologic expressions of Wernicke encephalopathy. A thiamine-deficiency state was not suspected and vitamins were never administered. These cases emphasize the consequences of this disorder and the rapidity with which the state of thiamine depletion can develop. PMID- 817039 TI - Tuberculosis of the tongue. PMID- 817040 TI - Editorial: At the mercy of the elements. PMID- 817041 TI - Postpartum assessment of maternal-fetal incompatibility. Use of a programmable calculator for interpretive reporting of laboratory data. PMID- 817042 TI - Editorial: The aetiological factors in cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 817043 TI - Comparative study of glibenclamide & chlorpropamide in newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetics. AB - The clinical effectiveness of glibenclamide and chlorpropamide was compared in 107, uncomplicated, newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetics. The glibenclamide and chlorpropamide groups comprised of 49 and 58 patients respectively and were highly comparable. After a follow up period ranging from 6 months to 2-1/2 years, the failure rate in glibenclamide treated patients was 22.5% and 12% in those taking chlorpropamide. The changes in weight were similar and both drugs were devoid of serious toxic effects in the dosage prescribed. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia were seen in 2 patients on glibenclamide, while 3 patients in each group showed a modest rise of transaminases without any other evidence of liver damage. PMID- 817044 TI - Single dose therapy of trichomoniasis with tinidazole. AB - Tinidazole was used in a single dose of 2.1G for 52 patients found to have Trichomonas Vaginalis infection. Husbands of 28 patients were also treated. The cure rate in 35 cases followed for 4 weeks or more was 100%. The drug was well tolerated. PMID- 817046 TI - Electrophysiological studies in left bundle branch block as a result of procainamide therapy. AB - A patient of coronary heart disease with depressed intraventricular conduction who developed left bundle branch block upon administration of procainamide instead of the usual nonspecific widening of qrs is presented. The possible mechanism of genesis of this very rare side effect of procainamide is discussed and the review of the literature revealed this patient to be the first documented, electrophysiologically studied case with this side effect of procainamide. PMID- 817045 TI - Prostaglandins in clinical medicine. PMID- 817047 TI - Special communication. Polyvinyl chloride - vinyl chloride disease: an occupational health hazard. AB - Poly Vinly Chloride (PVC) is a very durable, practical and economical plastic, which is so wide spread in its use that it may become difficult to replace it. The annual amount of world production has been constantly increasing and has reached the figure of 8.5m tons. While PVC is so useful, the health hazards which accompany this plastic are causing alarm in the industrially developed countries. The hazards are severe and include defects such as Haemangioendothelial sarcoma (Angiosarcoma) of the liver, Acro-Osteolysis of the fingers and Sclerodermic type skin lesions. This paper illustrates the recent developments, the clinical findings and the measures necessary to control the disease. Moreover, this paper should help alerting the health authorities in the developing countries about the health hazards involved in the manufacture and utilization of PVC. Due to the restrictions imposed on PVC producing plants, there is a real eventuality that these plants may be transferred to the developing countries, where this disease is still unknown. PMID- 817048 TI - [Immunological studies of cefatrizine (S-640P) (author's transl)]. PMID- 817050 TI - [Metabolism of cefatrizine (S-640P) in rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human (author's transl)]. PMID- 817049 TI - [Absorption and excretion of cefatrizine (S-640 P) in rabbit, dog and monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 817051 TI - [Studies on immunochemical determination of the precipitate and supernatant solution after protamine sulfate precipitation of serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 817052 TI - [Melanin-producing cells in neurofibromatous lesion of Recklinghausen disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 817053 TI - Immunological studies on the original endotoxin protein (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adjuvant effect of OEP in vivo. AB - OEP--Original Endotoxin Protein--is a protein moiety of endotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An adjuvant action of OEP was investigated in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Several features characteristic of the adjuvant action of OEP have been revealed; OEP shows no effect on simultaneous treatment with the antigen, and is most effective on successive treatments given after SRBC. The effective dosages of OEP as an adjuvant were in the range of 10 to 100 mug per mouse. Experimental data suggested that OEP might enhance the antibody production in its early phase. The adjuvant action of OEP was lost in mice pretreated with large dosage of OEP; OEP-tolerance could be induced to its adjuvant action. The mechanism of the adjuvant action of OEP was discussed comparing with other adjuvants. PMID- 817054 TI - Common protective antigen (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Prior immunization of mice with the protein moiety of the endotoxin (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated by Homma and his associates [1, 2], can protect mice against infection with any of 21 standard strains belonging to Fisher's immunotypes and Homma's serotypes. It is also confirmed that there is found a significant protection in mice each injected with 0.1 ml of anti-OEP rabbit serum against challenge with each of 7 strains of Fisher's immunotypes. It has been revealed through the OEP-HA, agar gel diffusion and indirect fluorescent antibody tests that OEP is an antigen existing serologically in common in P. aeruginosa. PMID- 817055 TI - Passive hemagglutination reaction test using formalinized sheep erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and coated with proteast or elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Methods were established for estimating antibodies of protease and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by passive hemagglutination (HA) tests using fixed sheep erythrocytes coated with each of the two enzymes. High antibody titers of protease and elastase were found in the HA tests on sera in some cases suffered from P. aeruginosa infection. The evaluation of the HA tests was discussed. PMID- 817057 TI - [Long-term hemodialysis and its problems]. PMID- 817058 TI - [Analysis of the nursing process. A case study based on recording of conversation with a patient with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 817056 TI - Tissue dispersion, cell harvest and fluid suspension culture by the use of bacterial neutral protease. AB - Bacterial neutral protease of Bacillus polymyxa was found to disperse mammalian tissues and cells. Primary cell cultures were obtained from several tissues after treatments with 200 to 2,000 Kunitz unit per ml of this protease in either a phosphate buffer solution, a balanced salt solution or a tissue culture medium supplemented with serum. Monolayer cultures wither in their early passage levels or of established strains were harvested by a treatment with this protease, and proliferated again in monolayer after its removal. A growing culture of strain L 929 was kept in monodisperse suspension in the presence of this protease. In contrast to trypsin, this protease was found active in the presence of serum, stable during incubation and scarcely injured cells. PMID- 817059 TI - [Analysis of the nursing process. Understanding of a patient treated for chronic renal failure]. PMID- 817060 TI - [Analysis of the nursing process. A case study based on nursing interview for the purpose of rehabilitation of a patient with chronic disease. A case of chronic renal failure]. PMID- 817061 TI - [Significance and limitations of the progress records in the analysis of the nursing process. A discussion]. PMID- 817062 TI - [Progress record useful in nursing. Its use in nursing instruction and nursing research]. PMID- 817065 TI - [Interpersonal relations. 1. Introduction: rising interest in interpersonal relations in nursing]. PMID- 817063 TI - [Bedside nursing. Designing of equipment to be used by patients with ileostomy]. PMID- 817064 TI - [Bedside nursing. Health instruction for diabetic patients]. PMID- 817066 TI - [Practice of home care of patients with refractory diseases. 2. A patient with progressive muscular dystrophy who spent the final stage at home]. PMID- 817068 TI - [Interpretation of the electrocardiogram. 3. Key points in recording electrocardiograms]. PMID- 817067 TI - [Iatrogenic incidents involving injections. 8. Recent incidents related to injections]. PMID- 817069 TI - [Methods of transfer and assistance of the patient. 1. Aged patients. Turning the patient over in bed. (1)]. PMID- 817070 TI - [Patients at the 5th ward. 3. "My name is Rentaro Ono" (1)]. PMID- 817073 TI - [Tube feeding with emulsified fat after stomach resection]. PMID- 817072 TI - Mechanism of decreased venous return with nitroglycerin. PMID- 817074 TI - [Enteral feeding via tube in thermal burns in childhood during the shock and toxinfection phases]. PMID- 817071 TI - [Home visit of an aged bedridden patient. Active support by family members]. PMID- 817075 TI - [Case of diffuse neuofibromatosis and extensive spread into the right thoracobrachial region]. PMID- 817076 TI - [Rare case of a large diverticulum of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 817077 TI - [The clinical application of allergen-specific and total IgE determination in pediatric allergology (author's transl)]. AB - Allergen specific IgE determination (Radio-Allergen-Sorbens-Test) were carried out on 150 patients 2 to 14 years old. The agreement with classical skin tests (Prick and intracutaneous tests) was for pollen allergies 87%, for allergies against house-dust and house-dust mites 80% and for allergies against animal denders 69%. There was however no agreement for allergies against molds (only 11%). The total IgE was measured in 51 children by radial immunodiffusion, pathologically high levels were found in 45% of patients. Allergen-specific IgE determinations (RAST) seem to be especially useful for young allergic children. PMID- 817078 TI - [Incidence of cholecystitis in persons with different blood groups and Rhesus factor]. PMID- 817079 TI - Biochemical changes occurring after blunt chest trauma in monkeys. AB - Anesthetized adult female rhesus monkeys were impacted in the middle of the sternum with a 10 kg stunner traveling at a speed of 22-25 mph to simulate an automobile accident. Blodd was obtained at 10 and 60 min following the impact, and approximately 50 values were measured with an autoanalyzer. Blunt chest shock and trauma produced a biochemical, hematologic, and urinary profile which might be used to aid life saving measures. PMID- 817080 TI - A comparison of several intradermal tuberculins in Macaca mulatta during an epizootic of tuberculosis. AB - During an epizootic of tuberculosis in rhesus monkeys, several intradermal test reagents were compared for accuracy in detecting tuberculosis and for strength of reaction elicited. A purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium bovis, similar to one which will probably be approved for official veterinary testing and thus eliminate tuberculin-mammalian intradermic from commercial production, was among those evaluated. None of the reagents was found to be superior to tuberculin mammalian intradermic. Significant difference were not found in reaction strength between abdominal and palpebral test sites, but both together were about 10 per cent more sensitive than either alone. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were both cultured and identified from this epizootic. PMID- 817082 TI - Plasma cholesterol levels in Macaca nemestrina fed cholesterol-free, polyunsaturated diets. AB - Mean plasma cholesterol levels of a group of male, adult pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) fed cholesterol-free, semisynthetic diets with a high polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio were found to range from 27-79 mg/dl. All plasma cholesterol values found were much lower than for M nemestrina fed commercial food. PMID- 817081 TI - Rhesus and African green monkey leukocyte response to steroids, antithymocyte globulin, and 60Co treatments. AB - Rhesus and African green monkeys were treated with dexamethasome, antithymocyte globulin, 60Co irradiation, or combinations of those immunosuppressive agents, and the leukocyte response was followed. The lymphocyte population could be significantly depressed with 60Co, but dexamethasone was required to maintain a low lymphocyte count. The ability of the immunosuppressed animals to support the growth of transplanted tumor cells was markedly enhanced by the addition of ATG to the treatment schedule, even though ATG had no effect on the numbers of leukocytes in the peripheral circulation. PMID- 817083 TI - Effects of volatile bacterial metabolites on the growth, sporulation and mycotoxin production of fungi. PMID- 817084 TI - Islet transplantation using neonatal rat pancreata: quantitative studies. PMID- 817085 TI - Effect of bowel resection on lower esophageal high pressure zone and reflux status in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 817086 TI - Public policy and medicine. PMID- 817087 TI - Immunological studies of acetylcholine receptors. AB - Immunochemical techniques for the study of acetylcholine receptors are described. Immunization of rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, and goats with acetylcholine receptor protein purified from Electrophorus electric organ tissue results in muscular weakness and death due to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Serum from immunized animals contains high concentrations of antibodies directed at receptors from the electric organ and low concentrations of antibodies directed at receptors from skeletal muscle. The detailed similarities between the disease of receptor-immunized animals "experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis" (EAMG), and myasthenia gravis are compared. Reactions of antisera from animals with EAMG with receptor from Electrophorus and Torpedo are studied. Antireceptor antibodies in these antisera are directed predominantly and determinants other than the acetylcholine-binding site. PMID- 817089 TI - Acute hypertension immediately after coronary artery surgery. AB - Hypertension immediately after coronary surgery is a problem in about one third of the patients so treated. This report discusses the possible causes of postoperative hypertension and describes several means of controlling the complication. PMID- 817088 TI - Reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum and macroglobulinemia: a case report. AB - A case report is presented of an 81-yr old male who developed a reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum while on immunosuppressive therapy for 13 yr for a primary diagnosis of macroglobulinemia. The considerable overlap between immunoproliferative disorders and the increased incidence of malignancies in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy are discussed. PMID- 817090 TI - [Gel immunoprecipitation]. PMID- 817091 TI - Introduction to the scrapie diseases: self-replicating agents surviving standard autoclaving for an hour and 10% formalin for a year. PMID- 817092 TI - Catalase levels in Drosophila and the lack of induction by hypolipidemic compounds. A brief note. AB - Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity levels were found to decrease in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, from 1 to 5 days of age and to increase from 5 to 8 days of age, followed by a second decline in old age. Feeding the hypolipidemic compounds, beta-diethylaminoethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate hydrochloride, Nafenopin and Clofenapate did not significantly alter catalase levels. Median survival time was decreased 8.3% by feeding Clofenapate and increased up to 5.5% by beta-diethylamino-ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate hydrochloride. PMID- 817093 TI - Uptake of 14C-labelled chloroquine and an 125I-labelled chloroquine analogue in some polypeptide hormone producing cell systems. AB - After the injection of 14C-labelled chloroquine and the 125I-labelled chloroquine analogue 4-(31-dimethylaminopropylamino)-7-iodoquinoline [125I]DAPQ into mice, rats and a monkey the distribution of the radioactivity was studied by autoradiographical methods. A high and persistent uptake occurred in some endocrine cell systems, such as the pancreatic islets, the hypophysis, the adrenal medulla and the thyroid (in cells that were probably identical with the parafollicular cells). The melanin-containing tissues were the only ones which showed a higher uptake and retention of radioactivity. The above mentioned endocrine cells and the melanocytes have a common embryological origin and common morphological and cytochemical characteristics. They have been called the APUD (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation)-cell series. It is proposed that the polypeptide hormone producing cells and the melanocytes may use a similar mechanism for accumulating chloroquine and (as shown earlier) also some other drugs such as nicotine, alprenolol, local anesthetics and atropine. These drugs however, accumulate stronger within the melanocytes and become bound to the melanin for a long time. The ability to accumulate these drugs may be considered another characteristic of the APUD-cell series. PMID- 817094 TI - The effectiveness of public dental care programs. AB - This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of public dental care programs in the United States. Using the cost of an artificial "bridge" as an estimate of the benefit of saving a tooth and the costs of periodic examinations and dental treatment as cost measures, the costs and benefits of two such programs are estimated. Changes are made in key variables to determine how cost and benefit estimates would be affected. The major conclusion is that public dental care programs must be administered over a relatively long time span before net benefits accrue on an annual basis. The study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications. PMID- 817095 TI - Health care financing in China. AB - Today's China, still a developing country with per capita health expenditure of 50 cents to one dollar (U.S.), has established a complex network of health facilities and well-distributed health personnel through the efforts of the existing political structure. The curative health services are decentralized and provide care through a variety of plans which combine capitation prepayment and modified fee-for service. Each plan is striving for the goal of making health care accessible to all at low cost, and hence, efforts of cost containment for self-sufficiency are widely practiced. The responsibility of the preventive health services (such as health education, screening, family planning, food distribution, etc.) are assumed by the central government and they are provided without charge to encourage maximal utilization. Other features of the Chinese system discussed include self-reliance, self-sufficiency, mass orientation, regionalization and innovative utilization of existing facilities, and personnel. PMID- 817096 TI - [Mortality and morbidity studies of infants after premature rupture of the membranes]. PMID- 817097 TI - [Letter: Long term care clinics could be a center]. PMID- 817098 TI - Metabolism of 3-methyl histidine in experimentally induced protein-energy malnutrition in rats: urinary excretion and muscle content of 3-methyl histidine. PMID- 817099 TI - Fatty acid biosynthesis during embryogenesis in the amphibian Bufo arenarum Hensel. AB - The fatty acid composition and biosynthesis of fatty acids were studied during early embryogenesis of the toad Bufo arenarum Hensel. The ova and stages up to the 6 1/2 day embryo have similar fatty acid compositions, with ca. 70% unsaturated acids. The eggs and embryo were permeable to acetate and impermeable to palmitic, linoleic, and eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid. Labeled acetate was incorporated by the eggs into the saturated acids-lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic- and into the unsaturated acids-myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosaenoic acids. During segmentation and gastrulation, de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids increased, desaturation to myristoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids was enhanced; and fatty acids were esterified to triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The feeding embryo (11 days) changed the pattern of incorporation to less incorporation into triglycerides. PMID- 817100 TI - Some nutrient interrelations during total intravenous alimentation in adult man- a review. AB - Selected aspects of total parenteral nutrition in man are reviewed with emphasis on carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal interactions. In an experiment to test for the essentiality of a specific amino acid, a normal adult man received all major and minor nutrients, except lipids, by intravenous alimentation for 48 days. A chemical deficiency of essential fatty acids without clinical symptoms was promptly observed in four plasma lipid fractions and the phospholipid fraction of erythrocytes. With the glucose providing 2,600 kcal/day, blood glucose remained normal, but a hypertriglyceridemia was observed. Plasma insulin rose and cortisol fell. To meet the essential fatty acid and energy requirements of man, critical experiments are needed to define the safe utilization of lipid emulsions during prolonged intravenous nutrition. PMID- 817101 TI - Effect of dietary fats on the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene induced tumors in rats. AB - Female rats have been fed high fat diets containing either polyunsaturated or saturated fat. After being fed either of the diets for 4 weeks, some of the animals received an intragastric dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At this point, the diets of half of the animals were interchanged so that animals previously fed the polyunsaturated fat diet were fed the saturated fat diet and vice versa. The cumulative incidence of tumor-bearing rats among DMBA-dosed rats was greater when the polyunsaturated fat diet was fed. The mean induction time of tumors decreased and the proportion of tumor-bearing rats which developed malignant tumors increased when the polyunsaturated fat diet was fed. This promotional effect of the polyunsaturated fat diet was exerted only when the diet was fed after DMBA administration. PMID- 817102 TI - [Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry syndrome). An unusual observation in the everyday internal medicine practice]. PMID- 817103 TI - [Management of poorly healing leg ulcers]. PMID- 817104 TI - [Arterial vascular diseases in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clinical picture and pathogenetic viewpoints]. PMID- 817105 TI - [Long-term therapy using Sinquan. Studies on tolerance, under systematic control of laboratory values]. PMID- 817106 TI - Observations on the untreated progeny of hypothyroid male rats. AB - The untreated progeny (F1) of hypothyroid male rats that were either radiothyroidectomized (Tx) or had the neo-T4 syndrome (an endocrine disorder produced by large doses of thyroxine (T4) injected during the neonatal period) were studied. The mother rats were all normal. The fathers never had any contact with their progeny. Unexpectedly, the progeny usually showed delayed eye opening, decreased weaning weights, and increased final body weight. The thyroid glands from F1 offspring of both Tx and neo-T4 fathers were enlarged significantly in all but F1 males of Tx fathers. The F1 of Tx fathers had significantly smaller uteri, both absolutely and relatively. The ovaries were significantly larger, whereas the testes were significantly smaller. Pituitary TSH, stalk-median eminence (SME) TSH, and serum TSH were all normal with the exception of an increase in SME TSH in F1 males born of neo-T4 fathers. The response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation of the F1 adult progeny of neo-T4 fathers was significantly blunted in the males, whereas the response was normal in offspring of Tx fathers. The mechanisms by which hypothyroid fathers caused changes in their progeny is not known. PMID- 817107 TI - Uric acid catabolism in the woolly monkey. AB - The degradation and excretion of 2-14C-uric acid were examined in three adult woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothrichia) to determine the basis for the relatively high serum and urinary uric acid concentrations previously reported in this species. Like man and the great apes which lack uricase, but in distinction to most other mammals, these animals converted very little urate to allantoin. Uric acid turnover, as has been reported for other New World monkeys, was several times that of normal man. Renal urate excretion as well as disposition by extrarenal mechanisms may protect Lagothrix vrom hyperuricemia. The capacity to convert urate to allantoin appears to have been lost late in the evolution of New World monkeys. The woolly monkey deserves further study as a primate model for investigations of enzyme replacement strategies. PMID- 817108 TI - Recording of clonal growth of mammalian cells through many generations. PMID- 817109 TI - A method for the mass culturing of large free-living amebas. PMID- 817110 TI - Induction and isolation of mutants in Tetrahymena. PMID- 817111 TI - Isolation of nuclei from protozoa and algae. PMID- 817112 TI - Constant low-dose insulin infusion in severe diabetes mellitus. AB - Eight patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and two patients with hyperosmolar non ketotic coma have been treated with a constant low-dose insulin infusion technique (2-4 units/hour). In all cases a rapid, smooth control of blood glucose levels was obtained in conjunction with a similar improvement in clinical status and remedying of other biochemical defects. At no stage of therapy did hypoglycaemia or hypokalaemia occur. In the majority of cases control of the patient's metabolic state was achieved within eight to 12 hours. The insulin regime is simple to institute and maintain. PMID- 817113 TI - Editorial: Insulin infusion in ketoacidosis. PMID- 817114 TI - Cerebral abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes. AB - A case of cerebral abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes in a patient receiving immunosuppressive treatment is reported. Early diagnosis was facilitated by a cerebral scan. PMID- 817115 TI - Experimental studies on the etiology of pulmonary cancer. PMID- 817116 TI - [The effect of nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. IV. Myocardon in patients with and without left ventricular failure (author's transl)]. AB - Myocardon (1 tablet=0.5 mg Nitroglycerin, 100 mg Euphyllin, 29.7 mg Papaverin hydrochlorid and 0.3 mg Atropinmethylnitrat, without phenobarbital) was given in a dosis of 3 and 6 tablets in patients with acute myocardial infarction. According to the initial value of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I with a LVFP below 20 mm Hg and group II with a LVFP above 20 mm Hg. In group II there was clinical evidence of left ventricular failure. In both groups a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and especially in left ventricular filling pressure was observed (in group I from 13 +/- 4 to 8 +/- 3 mm Hg and in group II from 26 +/- 7 to 16 +/- 4 mm Hg). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure did not change. In group II cardiac output increased from 3.5 +/- 0.6 to 4.3 +/- 1.31/min, whereas in group I it decreased from 5.1 +/- 0.9 to 4.6 +/- 0.91/min. Like isosorbid dinitrate Myocardon is useful in the management of left ventricular failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Side effects were observed: in two patients vomiting and in one patient sickness. The main effect of Myocardon is probably due to nitroglycerin, which is part of the substance. In higher dosis Myocardon has to be given without phenobarbital. Myocardon is especially useful if in the case of headache after nitrates the drug has to be changed. PMID- 817117 TI - [Osseous metaplasia of renal medulla (author's transl)]. AB - Bone formation in renal medulla arises from papillary necrosis and is observed almost exclusively following chronic pyelonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis. Since papillary necrosis occurs in the early stage of chronic interstitial nephritis, this kind of osseous metaplasia has specific diagnostic significance. By means of a case report formal pathogenesis, experimental basis, clinical diagnostic considerations and prognosis of the bone formation in renal medullary parenchyma are discussed. PMID- 817118 TI - [Clinical experiences with Clenbuterol in adults and children under long-term care]. PMID- 817119 TI - [Long-term and inhalation therapy using Clenbuterol with special reference to the duration of action]. PMID- 817120 TI - [Studies on long-term care and cumulation using Clenbuterol]. PMID- 817121 TI - Nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 817122 TI - Variation in output with a fixed dose setting on a 4-MV linear accelerator. AB - Variations in the output with a fixed monitor unit setting as a function of magnetron power of a 4-MV linear accelerator has been studied. The relationship between radiation output and monitor units was found to vary by as much as 10%. The central-axis depth dose was found to remain constant within experimental error. Field flatness measurements indicated that for lower power outputs, the radiation field was less flat than for higher power outputs. A mechanism for the change in calibration is suggested based upon field flatness measurements. PMID- 817123 TI - Portable tissue equivalent calorimeter. AB - A portable tissue equivalent calorimeter has been constructed and employed to measure absorbed dose in a mixed fast-neutron and gamma-ray field. Design details and measurement techniques are described along with the limits of precision and absolute accuracy. Experiments have been carried out with a cyclotron produced neutron beam using the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction at dose rates ranging from 3 to 25 rad/min. A series of ten measurements at a dose rate of approximately 10 rad/min were performed with a precision of +/- 2% (standard deviation about the mean). The compact design of this calorimetric dosimeter system facilitates transport to other laboratories for the measurement of absorbed dose in several complex radiation fields. PMID- 817124 TI - Displacement correction factor for fast-neutron dosimetry in a tissue-equivalent phantom. AB - The displacement correction factor to be used for analysis of fast-neutron dosimetric measurements using air-filled EG and G tissue-equivalent ion chambers in a tissue-equivalent phantom has been investigated using the MANTA neutron radiotherapy beam generated by 35-MeV deuterons on a thick Be target. The displacement correction factor inferred from these measurements is 0.970 for the EG and G IC-17 (1.0-cm3) ion chamber, and is 0.989 for the EG and G IC-18 (0.1 cm3 ion chamber. This multiplicative displacement correction factor has no significant dependence on depth in the phantom or on neutron beam size. PMID- 817125 TI - Specification of electron beam quality from the central-axis depth absorbed-dose distribution. AB - The distribution of absorbed dose in a medium irradiated by broad electron beam has been analyzed from physical and therapeutic points of view. A number of parameters which describe the beam quality and the shape of the absorbed-dose distribution along the central axis are defined. Several comparisons are made of the values of these parameters obtained from measurements made on different therapy accelerators and from theoretically calculated dose distributions for monoenergetic and monodirectional beams. It is found that the major part of the observed differences between experimental and theoretical results can be attributed to the energy distribution of the accelerator beam and to processes in the scattering material, such as energy straggling and the production of secondary electrons and photons. A simple expression is derived relating the slower falloff in dose found for most accelerator beams to the large energy spread found in these beams. Further, a semiempirical relationship is found which makes it possible to obtain the mean electron energy at the phantom surface from the depth where the absorbed dose has decreased to 50% of its maximum value along the central axis. PMID- 817127 TI - [Mycoplasma prostatourethritis. The improtance of immunoelectrophoresis of the ejaculate for the diagnosis]. AB - The secretions expessed from the prostate and/or urethral smears from 846 patients of a prostatitis clinic were examined microbiologically. With negative findings in 62.9%, which suggested a high proportion of patients with a vegetative urogenital syndrome, mycoplasma could be isolated in 9.9% of the entire collective. In the cases with mycoplasma in the expressed prostatic secretion, a close, statistically significant correlation to the degree of clinical complaint and the mumber of leukocytes in the secretion was established. Immunoelectrophoresis of the ejaculate was carried out in 20 subjects in the mycoplasma group. Although unequivocal statement are not yet possible because of the small number of cases, there is a statistically striking trend towards infection with urea-splitting mycoplasma when the immunoelectrophoresis of the ejaculate is unchanged, which might indicate the induction of a predominantly localised urethritis due to this strain. PMID- 817126 TI - Gene locus of a 30s ribosomal protein S20 of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The gene locus of the 30s ribosomal protein S20 of Bacillus subtilis was mapped in the str-region at the right side of S5 gene. The gene order was cysA-str(S12) ery(50D)-[spc(S5); 50G]-S20-. PMID- 817128 TI - [Mycoplasma in the urethra of healthy men. Microbiological, hygienic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 817129 TI - [Investigations on mycoplasma attacks in patients with chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. AB - In 50 patients with chronic bronchitis, and additional attack by mycoplasma was found in at least 4 cases. This percentage corresponds approximately to the statements in the literature. In patients with mycoplasma in the sputum, radiologically signs of a bronchitis and peribronchitis were found which, for the short duration of the symptoms are unusual for a chronic bronchitis. Purulent sputum was only observed after several days in the many relapses which ran a course similar to a virus infection. PMID- 817131 TI - [Symbiosis and antibiosis of mycoplasma and bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - The typical colony formations of mycoplasma are strongly influenced by reduced amounts of serum in the agar. The interactions between different types of mycoplasma and bacteria were investigated on antibiotic-free mycoplasma agar. The behavior of the strains of bacteria tested shows distinct differences against M. hominis in comparison with M. fermentans, M. arthritidis and Acholaplasma Pg 8. PMID- 817130 TI - [Possibilities of differenciating mycoplasma serologically and by protein analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of serological differentiation of the various mycoplasma strains and their demarcation from the L-phase variants of bacteria are based on the fact that it is difficult to obtain highly purified antisera which are only directed towards the cell membrane. For this reason an attempt was made by means of diselectrophoresis to determine the plasma and membrane proteins of various mycoplasma strains and L-phase variants and to evaluate them from differential diagnostic point of view. The results suggest that an unequivocal and rational differentiation is possible by this method of examination. PMID- 817132 TI - [Mycoplasma as infectious causal or therapeutic factors in malignant tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Mycoplasma must certainly be considered infectious agents in malignant tumors which actually show a certain affinity for tumor tissue. Under certain conditions their oncogenic potency must be conceded, and this is also true of questions of therapeutic efficacy. But all these problems have only been outlined so far and great efforts are required from many laboratories before a final assessment is possible. PMID- 817133 TI - [Mycoplasma hominis and inflammatory diseases of the pelvis. In vitro leukocyte stimulation by exposure to M. hominis]. PMID- 817134 TI - [Acroparesthesias of the arm (author's transl)]. AB - Acroparesthesias occur in various syndromes, principally of neurological origin; they are described in detail. The objective neurological symptoms in the region of the median nerve can be objectified at the investigation. The nerve lesion can be located by manual compression. PMID- 817135 TI - [Acroparesthesias in plexus lesions: clinical aspects and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The author delimits the so-called brachial dysparesthesias from the "true acroparesthesias", the actual carpal tunnel syndrome. Dysparesthesias may be caused by cervical ribs, the scalenus syndrome and mixed forms of various abnormalities. In addition to a cervical rib, e.g. changes in the costoclavicular joint may be present, or an abnormal position of the subclavian artery. Also, lesions of nerves and vessels may emanate from the neighboring organs, as from vertebral metastases, enlarged lymph nodes etc. Generally, the treatment is conservative temporizing. Only severe cases with a confirmed diagnosis require surgical correction. PMID- 817136 TI - [Acroparesthesias due to damage of the nerves of the upper arm and forearm (author's transl)]. AB - Compression syndromes of the radial nerve arise, for example, through pressure in the axilla from crutches or from pressure of the arm against a hard support during sleep. The mechanism is similar in lesions of the median nerves (irritation of the supracondylar apophysis, pronator syndrome). Lesions of the ulnar nerve usually arise from damage to the olecranon groove such as can be caused in manual workers in industry through constant flexion and extension of forearm. As treatment, a change of workplace is often sufficient. Anatomical changes must be removed surgically. PMID- 817137 TI - [The importance of electrographic investigations for the diagnosis and treatment of acroparesthesias (author's transl)]. AB - Acroparesthesias may develop as a result of various pathological processes which affect the nerves of the hand. Usually the diagnosis can be made from the history and the clinical findings. If objectifiable neurological findings are lacking, electrographic investigations must be carried out. If several diseases are present, electrography (stimulation and myography) is particularly important for diagnosis and therapy. In compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, the speed of sensory conduction is delayed in about 85%, an anomalous motor latent duction is delayed in about 70%. A distal motor latency of the median nerve of more than 8 m/sec is an absolute indication for a surgical intervention. Signs of denervation of the thenar muscles also required operative treatment. PMID- 817138 TI - [Treatment of carpal acroparesthesias (author's transl)]. AB - Topical steroid treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome gives outstanding results in mild or moderately severe types of nerve lesion. In many patients in whom there was improvement of function and cessation of pain, not everything was achieved that we consider to be the aim of an ideal treatment. Normalisation of nerve function and the elimination of the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the compression often make surgical treatment essential. PMID- 817139 TI - [The surgical treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - METHODS AND RESULTS: In the majority of cases surgical operation is successful in the carpal tunnel syndrome, the pain in particular is eliminated. Distrubances of sensitivity improve more slowly. If motor disturbances are already present, improvement is less likely, only in about 10% of cases. Therefore early operation is recommended. If simple severing of the circular ligament is not successful, neurolysis should be undertaken, the results of which far exceed those of division. The symptoms may also be eliminated by infiltration with hydro cortisone. However, if infiltration is repeated too often, changes in the flexor tendons may occur, possibly a rupture. PMID- 817140 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment of carpal acroparesthesia. Results at the orthopedic hospital of Florence University]. AB - The indication for surgical intervention is established if a conservative treatment gives unsatisfactory or no success, if the symptoms are acute and severe, the course progressive and if there are neurological attacks. The author reports favorable results of operation in the primary forms: 94.4% pure acroparesthesias, 92.4% in acroparesthesias with neurological symptoms. About 84.6% success was obtained in the posttraumatic forms. PMID- 817141 TI - [Disease of the aortic arch and its branches from clinical neurological aspect (author's transl)]. AB - The various disease of the aortic arch and its branches are dealt with and the individual parts of the diagnostic equipment critically examined from the point of view of the clinical neurologist. Peculiarities of differential diagnosis and questions of risk are presented and discussed. Possibly misleading vascular sounds were found in an angioma in the occipital region. The neurologist views with scepticism cervical ribs and gaps in the scalenus as pathogenic factors. Early diagnosis is important in carotid stenosis. The increased angiographical risk in vascular diseases requires informed willingness for operation on the part of the patient. Finally, the expected extent of clinical success of the operation must be weighed against the purely "vascular cosmetic" success. PMID- 817142 TI - [Thrombosis of A. cer media in Werlhof's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Apoplectiform incidents, particularly in young patients, can be an exceptional problem for neurologists and internists, even when every technical aid for diagnosis is available. This paper is intended to point out that even in a basic disease like Werlhof's disease, which is accompanied by an increased hemorrhagic tendency, several additive or potentiating unfavorable factors can produce a thrombosis in the region of a cerebral vessel and for this reason they should be included in the differential diagnostic considerations. PMID- 817143 TI - [Intravenous injection of thermometer mercury (author's transl)]. AB - The possible complications in two women who had injected themselves intravenously with thermometer mercury with suicidal intent are discussed with reference to the few comparable cases. A manifest pulmonary hypertension due to multiple mercury emboli in the lesser circulation in one patient who developed a dyspnoea on exertion could be excluded by cardiac catheterization. Signs of acute and chronic mercury poisoning could not be demonstrated in our patients, in contrast to some cases reported in the literature. So far, specific therapy has therefore been dispensed with. PMID- 817144 TI - [Chronic mercury poisoning from cosmetic creams (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of chronic mercury poisoning are reported. Both patients had used a skin cream containing mercury for years which contained the latter substance in various strengths (3%-50%). The creams are commercially available, usually in 20 g tin as a skin whitener or skin care preparation. According to the regulations in force, preparations containing not more than 5% Hg in the form of white precipitate can be freely obtained without prescription in drug-stores and perhaps also in shops dealing in cosmetics. The limits of tolerance at which the first symptoms of mercury poisoning may appear may perhaps have been already reached by the regular use of freely purchasable preparations. PMID- 817146 TI - [Teaching content of medical outpatient instruction in a large municipal hospital (author's transl)]. AB - In a hospital for internal diseases which has been in existence for 10 years and has 150 beds, a course of lectures on "Medical Outpatients" has been given for 17 semesters. At least 3 patients were presented a double period. The emphasis of "simple diagnoses" lay - according to the nature of the clinical aspects - on diseases of the blood, followed by diseases of the digestive organs, the heart and the respiratory tract. The "multiple diagnoses" concerned diseases which were either in relation to each other - diseases of the digestive organs were the most frequent primary diseases here, followed by diseases of the heart and vascular system, the kidneys and the efferent urinary tracts - or diseases which were not in relation at all - here again, the most common were diseases of the digestive organs, followed by metabolic and infectious diseases. Therapeutic aspects (including side effects) occupied a large space. The large municipal hospital offers the best conditions for lectures on outpatient topics related to practice. PMID- 817145 TI - [Rare location of an epidermoid cyst in the forefoot region with nerve compression syndrome. Contribution to the differential diagnosis of Morton's metatarsalgia (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a rare location of an epiderman cyst in the forefoor region is reported. Very intense pain on pressure or tension in the plantar region of the second and third metatarsals suggested a metatarsalgia and the existing diffuse swelling a synovitis. Surgical revision revealed an epidermoid cyst the size of a hazelnut which pressed the N. digitalis plantaris communis against the head of the third metartarsal. PMID- 817147 TI - [The treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Their evaluation in a double blind study]. PMID- 817148 TI - [Panpur in the treatment of surgical patients]. PMID- 817149 TI - [Therapy of leukemia]. PMID- 817150 TI - [Hemophilia A--complications and their treatment--illustrated by a case]. PMID- 817151 TI - [Agranulocytosis from the point of view of the general practitioner. In memory of Edgar Reye (30.5.1882-11.12.1945) (author's translation)]. AB - An attempt is made to show that the general practitioner can also diagnose agranulocytosis with greater probability with the simplest means--exact history with particular questioning on the abuse of drugs, determination of leukocyte count, evaluation of blood smears, searching for necroses in the skin and mucous membranes. Avoidance of abuse of drugs plays the most important part in prophylaxis. Thorough specific history is relatively the best, even if not sufficient, protection. PMID- 817152 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and consumption coagulopathy with metastasizing gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias (MHA) are frequently at the root of metastasizing gastric carcinoma. If the characteristic fragmented erythrocytes ("schistocytes") are found to be increased in the blood smear, this can be taken as a pointer to gastric neoplasm. Consumption coagulopathy frequently intensifies the clinical symptoms. A report of a 51-year-old woman with gastric carcinoma, MHA and consumption coagulopathy is given in whom the determination of numerous schistocytes in the peripheral blood was of decisive significance for the diagnosis. PMID- 817153 TI - [Involvement of the lung in the macroglobulinemia (Waldenstrom's disease)]. PMID- 817154 TI - [Fludilat treatment of vagotonic and subendocardial disturbances of cardiac metabolism and bradycardiac coronary diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The action of the drug on the electrocardiograph and clinical investigations were carried out on 55 patients treated with Fludilat. It was shown that in vagotonic subjects and patients with subendocardial ischemia the high T wave in the ECG becomes flattened, in some of the cases the QT interval is prolonged and the U wave larger, parallel with the improvement in the symptoms. A better clinical effect than previously was observed as as result of the antianginal action of Fludilat. PMID- 817155 TI - [The sedative effect of the Kneipp hay sack and balneological preparations of hay (author's transl)]. AB - A chromatographic analysis of the hay charge used for balneological and thermotherapy which contains coumarin, the hydroxycoumarins umbelliferone and esculin and also the furanocoumarin imperatorin. The sedative effect of the hay can be explained by the coumarin and the imperatorin; the absorption site is to be found in the respiratory tract. PMID- 817156 TI - [Physical therapy in rehabilitation after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Modern epidemiology provides us with tools for the prevention of myocardial infarction to which 500,000--600,000 people in the Federal Republic fall prey annually, 1/3 of them fatally. By elimination of the risk factors by means of physical therapy and measures derived from it, the dramatic course of this disease can be prevented in many cases. Of course, a certain amount of financial expenditure is essential, as in cardiac surgery, dialysis and intensive medicine, in order to change the thinking and action of doctors and patients. PMID- 817157 TI - [Capacity loading in degenerative cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 817159 TI - [The beginning of water-soluble corticosteroid action in an asthma attack]. PMID- 817158 TI - [Importance of the electrocardiogram in the assessment of range of cardiac efficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The "circulatory profile", i.e. the correlation of optimal ergometric output in watts, cardiac volume, hemodynamic regulatory test, blood gas analyses, ergospirography and ergoelectrocardiography is available for the optimal assessment of the range of cardiac efficiency. For routine examinations, the recording and evaluation of watts, blood pressure and pulse, and the ECG performance index, i.e. the electrocardiogram before, during and after exercise is usually sufficient. To determine the ECG performance index, the ECG at rest, during exercise and recovery must be assessed. The reliability of the ECG performance index was checked by a comparison with the "circulatory profile" in a total of 300 patients. From this it was found that the specificity is too small, i.e. by taking the ECG alone as a basis, the range of cardiac efficiency is frequently estimated too low. PMID- 817160 TI - [The use of Cephradine in patients with forced diuresis]. PMID- 817161 TI - [Ruscorectal in the anorectal symptom complex, especially in hemorrhoids]. PMID- 817162 TI - [Alfred Marchionini as a teacher and searcher 1899-1965]. PMID- 817163 TI - [The 70th birthday of Herbert Schwiegk]. PMID- 817164 TI - [Bence-Jones proteinemia and amyloidosis (author's transl)]. AB - In a 55-year-old patient with Pattern I amyloidosis it was possible to detect a Lambda-Bence-Jones protein in plasma by means of CAF and immunelectrophoresis and column chromatography, but not in urine because of possible polymerisation. PMID- 817165 TI - [Comparative studies on the contractile and hemodynamic effects of antiarrhythmic agents (lidocaine, diphenylhydantoin, ajmaline) (author's transl)]. AB - The contractile and hemodynamic effects of lidocaine, diphenylhydantoin and ajmaline were compared in isolated ventricular myocardium and in patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The animal experiments show that diphenylhdantoin is 3-5 times more potent as a contractility inhibitor than lidocaine. This experimental relationship correlates with the clinical findings in which only small decreases in the pumping function of the left ventricle appear with lidocaine while diphenylhydantoin has a 2-2.5 times stronger depressor effect (reduction of cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume by 17 20%). With ajmaline there is a decrease of the stroke volume by a maximum of 17% and changes in isovolumetric contractility quantities corresponding to a decrease in myocardial contractility of 16-22%. It may be concluded from these findings that diphenylhydantoin and ajmaline may be accompanied by marked decreases in hemodynamic and contractile quantities of the left ventricle. The relative power of lidocaine to inhibit contractility is small, so that even in the presence of an existing disturbance of myocardial function, only a slight additional decrease in pumping function is to be expected. PMID- 817166 TI - [Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with tumors of the large intestine. Experience with a new radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - Specimens from 93 patients with histologically confirmed tumors of the large bowel (53 single, 40 sequential determinations) were investigated by a new CEA radioimmunoassay (double antibody method, direct serum determination). Of the single and preoperative sequential determinations 37-40% were normal (below 2.5 ng/ml), one third was intermediately elevated (2.6-15 ng/ml) and 26-28% were highly pathological leveled (over 15 ng/ml). Following operation, cases with local or regionally confined tumor showed significantly more normal or normalizing CEA levels within 1-6 weeks (17/27), whereas patients with overt metastases developed more pathological or increasingly pathological levels (8/11). PMID- 817167 TI - [Arrhythmias in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical relevance of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is determined by the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias due to the syndrome. Occurrence and severity of the cardiac arrhythmias are mainly dependant on the electrophysiological properties of the accessory atrioventricular bypass or the refractory period of the regular and irregular pathways respectively. Programmed electrical stimulation allows the study of these properties directly in man. The treatment in patients with WPW syndrome suffering from re-entry tachyarrhythmias should be directed to an interruption of the tachycardia circuit. During sinus rhythm a suppression of spontaneously occurring ectopic beats which may initiate a tachycardia is indicated. PMID- 817169 TI - [Electrolyte Emergencies. Selected Aspects]. AB - The question of what factors determine the significance of abnormal electrolyte findings is discussed with reference to a number of examples of acute electrolyte emergencies (hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic alkalosis). In addition to the extent of the deviation from normal and the clinical manifestations already present in all cases, it is principally the rate of dysfunction which determines the action of a clinical or laboratory-determined electrolyte deviation. PMID- 817168 TI - [Disturbances of Free Water and Electrolyte Metabolism: Three large groups are differentiated]. AB - 1. Disturbances of free water which are related to the whole body water and are always coupled with changes in the osmolality of the internal environment and also of the interior of the cells. 2. Isotonic changes of the volume of the extracellular fluid- edema or extracellular dehydration. The latter is always coupled with a hypovolemia and with a danger to the circulation which may end in shock. There is also a cumulative loss of potassium as a result of the dehydration reaction. 3. Disturbances of the intracellular water metabolism which are associated with disturbances of the potassium metabolism. These may have consequences for the function of striated and smooth muscles, for the function of the nerves and various enzyme systems. PMID- 817171 TI - [Clinical Significance of Different Tests for the Diagnosis of Chronic Diseases of the Pancreas]. AB - Enzymatic, functional and morphological test are used for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The enzymatic tests-amylase is the enzyme activity most frequently investigated-are best suited to the diagnosis of acute diseases. In chronic inflammations of the pancreas the serum enzymes do not usually increase because of the destruction of the parenchyma. The provocation test with pancreozymin secretin is especially indicated in chronic diseases of the pancreas. Digestion and absorption are only disturbed in the late stages of the disease. It is important to investigate them to determine the necessary susbtitution therapy. No method should be used alone, only series of tests give satisfactory results. PMID- 817170 TI - [Hyperosmolar Coma]. AB - For some little time it has been known that hyperosmolar coma is a clinical condition which may arise from various causes and yet is based on a fundamental pathophysiological disturbance: extracellular hyperosmolarity, usually accompanied by hyperglycemia or hypernatremia. The clinical and biological picture is easily recognizable and requires immediate and massive rehydration with hypotonic solutions. Many pathological uncertainties still exist, but one thing is certain and of great importance: in many cases, hyperosmolar coma is the result of errors or negligence: for this reason it is essential know this syndrome so that it may be better avoided. PMID- 817172 TI - [Standard and Augmented Secretin Tests in Chronic Pancreatitis]. AB - The response of the pancreas to standard (1.0 U/kg) and augmented (4.0-5.0 U/kg) doses of secretin was compared in normal subjects and patients. The results of the investigation showed that for clinical purposes the standard test is sufficient for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases causing gross destruction of the parenchyma. The augmented test is of particular value when the response to 1 U/kg produces equivocal results, since greater stimulation enhances the masked secretory deficiency. The effect of the augmented stimulus in alcoholic patients suggests the hypothesis that the post-secretin response pattern of minimal pancreatic inflammatory disease is hypersecretion. Repeated observation is alcoholic hypersecretors has provided data which can explain the evolution of pancreatic pathology in the terminal stages of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 817173 TI - [The scientific site of acupuncture]. PMID- 817174 TI - [Failure of acupuncture anesthesia. A psychophysical study (author's transl)]. AB - Four volunteers judged eight levels of thermal stimuli induced by a Hardy dolorimeter, varying in intensity from extremely painful to a low level seldom even perceived. Half of the 406 stimuli were applied during acupuncture and half either before the insertion or after removal of the needles. The experimental design minimized or eliminated factors other than the needles themselves; i.e. no medications were given; the subjects were scientists accustomed to objectivity and, on a preceeding day or days, all became experienced in assigning a number (individually chosen) to the sensation produced by the different stimuli. Galvanic skin resistance was also tested. The results did not show any influence of acupuncture on pain perception or galvanic skin resistance. PMID- 817175 TI - [Villous adenoma of the rectum with hypotensive dehydration and extrarenal uremia (author's transl)]. AB - Rare cases of recto-sigmoid villous adenoma may show profuse mucous discharge per anum as a cardinal symptom which consequently leads to considerable losses of water and electrolytes with imminent exsiccosis uremia. In spite of these typical clinical symptoms, this disease, which occurs mainly in older people, is frequently misdiagnosed and usually only recognized late. Because of the increased danger of malignant degeneration, the poor control of this leakage of electrolytes by conservative therapy and the tendency to local relapse of this tumor, there is an absolute indication for radical surgical treatment. PMID- 817176 TI - [An obscure "tumor" in the phrenicocostal sinus]. PMID- 817177 TI - [Therapeutic problems of autonomous adenoma of the thryroid (author's transl)]. AB - Radioiodine therapy and surgical enucleation as a functionally legitimate operation are adequate methods of treatment for the autonomous adenoma of the thyroid. With reference to a series of our own patients, the making of the indication, the operation technique and the carrying out of radioiodine therapy are commented on. The aim of the operation is the enucleation of the autonomous adenoma without traumatizing the healthy thyroid tissue and without ligature of the polar vessels. The aim of radioiodine therapy is the selective destruction of the adenoma. The indication for the operation should certainly be made more liberally to perform the low-risk enucleation. PMID- 817178 TI - [Rare localizations of fat deposition in iatrogenous Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 817179 TI - [Clinical testing of Sali-Decoderm ointment]. PMID- 817181 TI - [The problems of intubation lesions with long-term artificial respiration (author's transl)]. AB - Necroses of the tracheal wall with esophagotracheal and mediastinal fistulas are a serious complication of modern long-term artificial respiration through inflatable tubes. Different types of cuff, a number of control and monitoring mechanisms against over-pressure in the cuff are described. The intermittent blocking and unblocking method seems to be of importance. A simple and reliable method of intermittent occlusion of the trachea is obtained with the new Abouav and Finley parachute cuff with pressures which never exceed the artificial respiratory pressure of the ventilation system. PMID- 817180 TI - [Recurrent ulcer following vagotomy: completion of vagotomy or resection (author's transl)]. AB - An adequate therapy must be directed towards the cause of the recurrent ulcer. This is incomplete vagotomy in most cases, more seldom a hypergastrinemia with stasis in the antrum after insufficient drainage, in hyperparathyroidism, in hyperplasia of the antral G cells or in gastrinoma. After confirmation of the diagnosis by endoscopy, a causal diagnosis must therefore be made which includes secretion analysis and determination of the gastrin profile (feeding test, glucagon provocation test, secretion or calcium infusion). Criteria for evaluation and clinical conclusiveness are shown in examples. The indication scheme, whether revagotomy alone, resection alone or the combination of the two corrective operations should be performed is determined according to these criteria. So far, 41 patients have been operated on with good results in accordance with this graduated indication. PMID- 817182 TI - [Orthotopic saphena bypass in situ (author's transl)]. AB - A procedure intended to restore the obliterated femoropopliteal arterial pathway is described. The vena saphena magna is canulated with a silicone tube, thus fixing the valves against the venous wall, the side vessels thrombose and close by secondary organization. After 6 to 8 weeks the transformed vein will be interposed instead of the obliterated arterial segment. The advantage of the operative procedure described consists in considerably reduced operative trauma compared with the well-known methods. Clinical results of 20 patients are presented. PMID- 817183 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of Crohn's enterocolitis granulomatosa (author's transl)]. AB - The possibilities of surgical treatment are outlined with reference to 45 patients with Crohn's enterocolitis granulomatosa. In 82% of the cases a large part of the colon is affected in addition to the terminal ileum, so that resections of the large intestine are necessary as a rule. In our patients the relapse rate after 3 years was 36%. An improvement in the late results can apparently be achieved if the resection is performed to correspond with the extent of the inflammatory changes demonstrated by a preoperative mesentericography. Postoperative immunosuppressive treatment over a long period may well contribute to the prevention of recurrences. PMID- 817184 TI - [Perforated carcinoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 817185 TI - [Successful re-implantation of a forearm in a 16-year-old girl (author's transl)]. AB - The successful re-implantation of a totally separated forearm in a 16-year-old girl is described. The technique of re-implantation, the treatment of the shock condition of the peripheral circulatory insufficiency and the circulatory disturbances in the re-implanted forearm are described. The re-implanted extremity healed completely. PMID- 817186 TI - [Successful re-implantation of the metacarpus (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of subtotal traumatic metacarpal amputation in young people are described. Re-implantation with the help of microvascular surgical techniques was successful. In one case in which vascular connections to two long fingers were still present, the advantages of reconstruction of important vessels are pointed out, not only for re-implantation itself, but also as prophylaxis against circulatory disorders. PMID- 817187 TI - [The prophet and physician Nostradamus]. PMID- 817189 TI - [Editorial: Rectal carcinoma: preservation of continence or extirpation of the rectum?]. PMID- 817188 TI - [In memory of Professor Walter Rech, M.D]. PMID- 817190 TI - [Speech behavior and neurotic personality structure (author's transl)]. AB - Speech behavior of the patient and the analyst is considered with regard to the psychoanalytic situation and its regulating factors such as transference and countertransference. If the psychoanalytic situation is regarded as a means to investigate the patient and his symptoms, his verbal behavior seems to depend on the unconscious motives forming his neurotic personality structure. On the other hand, if the psychoanalytic situation is regarded as a communicative situation, the verbal behavior of the patient as well as of the analyst depends rather on their "here-and-now" transference relationship in certain phase of the psychoanalytic process. PMID- 817191 TI - [Short forms of a short psychopathological intelligence test (author's transl)]. AB - Even short tests can still be materially shortened when they are intended to provide rough information. An example of a short intelligence test shows that considerable reductions are permissible when the procedure is intended to classify subjects into IQ groups of roughly "under 100" or "over 100". Also division into three as below average, average and above average level of intelligence is possible, and also division into four grades. If about 85% accuracy is satisfactory, a three-problem test is sufficient. For grading into three and four parts, six and nine problems, respectively may be adequate. PMID- 817192 TI - [The differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Coincidence of somatic disease and psychogenic emaciation (author's transl)]. AB - Three female patients with cachexia are reported in whom a psychogenic emaciation (anorexia nervosa) had been assumed. The postpubertal onset of the disease, deliberate limitation of diet, vomiting and subsequent emaciation and--in 2 patients--amenorrhea, as well as demonstrable experience of conflict supported this. The disease ran a lethal course. Autopsy revealed serious somatic diseases (stenosis of the ileum in two cases and brain tumor in one); their symptoms had been largely overlapped by those of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 817193 TI - [Psychological aspects of the fear of cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The fear of cancer was investigated in 423 women in our policlinic by means of a questionnaire. Psychological and sociological data, knowledge of the genital organs and experience of gynecological events were recorded. Of the women questioned, 16% said that they "often" feared suffering from cancer, 57% "sometimes" and 27% "seldom/never". The fear of cancer increased with age (P 5%). Women with higher education expressed fear of cancer more rarely (P 1%). The greater the knowledge of the genital organs, the less the fear of caner (P 5% and P 1%). Women with unpleasant experience or expectation of gynecological procedures frequently expressed fear of cancer. Of 12 with FPI recorded personality dimensions, 8 had a statistically significant relationship to fear of cancer. The fear of cancer had an effect on the attitude to investigation for early detection of cancer (P 10%) and to the curability of cancer detected early (P 1%). PMID- 817194 TI - [Clinical treatment of inflammatory and benign ulcerous diseases of the stomach and duodenum with a new combination preparation (Aci-Tensilan) (author's transl)]. AB - A gastroduodenal combination preparation was introduced at a deliberately high dosage into a clinical treatment schema. A marked improvement of the subjective symptoms already appeared after a short treatment in hospital, pain in particular being rapidly affected. Younger patients tolerated the preparation excellently, older ones had a marked sedation. Because of the danger of concealment, stenoses in the region of the gastrointestinal tract, ileus and preileus are particular contraindications. The dosage of 3 X 3 to 3 X 4 dragees should be reserved for hospital treatment. The dosage of 3 X 1 dragee for ambulant practice and also for prolonged therapy (ca. 6-8 weeks) is unobjectionable, reference being made to possible initial tiredness and disturbances of accomodation. PMID- 817196 TI - Spontaneous chromosome mutation and screening of mutator factors in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - (1) The marked inversion technique was used, and 38 major autosome sets of Drosophila melanogaster were extracted from populations of Jugoslavia, Taiwan and Japan. Spontaneous mutations were allowed to accumulate on the major chromosomes for 25 generations. Then the second chromosomes were tested to determine whether or not they were associated with such known mutator factors as the male crossing over factor, SD, and the extrachromosomal element delta. Chromosome mutations were examined by salivary gland chromosome analysis, and viability mutations were done by the marked autosomal translocation method. (2) In 8 out of 38 major autosome lines, 5 inversions occurred in the second chromosomes, 4 inversions in the third chromosomes, and 1 reciprocal translocation between the second and the third chromosomes. Chromosome mutation rates were, therefore, 0.0063 per second chromosome per generation and 0.0053 per third chromosome per generation. Since there was no signficant difference in the rates, chromosome mutations seem to be occurring approximately equally in both major autosomes. (3) Lethal mutation rates were estimated to be 0.0097 per major autosome per generation. (4) Twenty four second chromosome lines out of 37 demonstrated male crossing-over among the cinnabar and brown interval; the average frequencies were 0.0031 for all lines and 0.0034 when non-recombination lines were excluded. (5) One second chromosome exhibited delta retaining ability (ID), but no second chromosome carried SD. PMID- 817195 TI - [Resistance patterns of certain Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and outpatients, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)]. AB - The relative sensitivities of certain enterobacteriaceae strains obtained from impatient and outpatient material for investigation against trimethoprim-sulf amethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline are reported. The efficacy of the substances tested was very varied, the resistance rates to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole being most favorable. Differences in sensitivity could be established between strains from inpatient and outpatient material. Resistance rates were sometimes considerably lower in material for investigation from outpatients. This fact is, among other things, explained by frequent hospital infections with resistant organisms. In addition it could be shown that, by selection of resistant strains in certain areas of a hospital, increases in resistance can appear within a short time. PMID- 817197 TI - Isolation of nutrient deficient mutants and quantitative mutation assay by reversion of alanine-requiring L5178Y cells. AB - Nutrient deficient cells for alanine or purine were isolated from L5178Y cells by the BudR-light method of Puck and Kao. The purine requiring cells, named P, showed maximum-plating efficiency in the presence of 10(-3)-10(-4) M inosine. The optimum concentration of L-alpha-alanine for Ala 32, one of alanine requiring mutants, was 10(-3) M. When Ala 32 cells were depleted of alanine, they showed an immediate decrease in incorporation of protein and DNA precursors without much change in that of RNA precursors and they ceased to multiply. Ala 32 cells have been used for experiments and have been phenotypically stable for 4 years. A quantitative mutation assay system for the reversion of L5178Y-Ala 32 cells from auxotrophy to prototrophy was established. The system was applied to some known mutagens, MNNG, 4-NQO, UV and gamma-rays. Some characteristics of the system are discussed and compared to drug-resistant mutation systems. PMID- 817198 TI - Mutagenic action of gamma-rays on transforming DNA of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 817199 TI - Letter: Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 817200 TI - Current concepts in genetics. Lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 817201 TI - Fatal fulminating diabetes mellitus. PMID- 817202 TI - Letter: Management of ketoacidosis in children. PMID- 817203 TI - Thermostability studies for investigating non-electrophoretic polymorphic alleles in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 817204 TI - Suppression of adoptive antibody responses by addition of spleen cells from agammaglobulinaemic chickens "immunised" with histocompatible bursa cells. PMID- 817205 TI - Purification of inactive phenylalanine hydroxylase protein from liver in classical phenylketonuria. PMID- 817206 TI - Effects of drugs on the processes regulating the functional activity of brain 5 hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 817207 TI - 19-Hydroxyprostaglandin E1 as a major component of the semen of primates. PMID- 817208 TI - Diminution of tumorigenesis initiated by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide by post treatment with caffeine in mice. PMID- 817209 TI - Mechanism for suppression of cellular biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 817210 TI - Systematic nomenclature for the RNA polymerase genes of prokaryotes. PMID- 817211 TI - Conformation differences in bacterial ribosomal RNA's in non-denaturing conditions. PMID- 817213 TI - [Clinical aspects of the bladder diverticulum]. PMID- 817212 TI - Effect of constant light on nychthemeral variations in serum testosterone in male Macaca radiata. PMID- 817214 TI - [Pharmacological possibilities of preventing post-traumatic epilepsy]. AB - The period of the so-called "maturation" of the epileptogenic focus creates a potential field for pharmacological prevention of further development of the disease. The author analysed the experimental investigations carried our by himself on the effects of epileptogenic foci and/or diphenylhydantoin on the process of learning, EEG tracings, and histological findings in the brain and internal organs, and believes that prophylactic administration of diphenylhydantoin in moderate therapeutic doses (20 mg daily) and for a relatively short time period (1 year) is associated with a much lower possibility of side effects than the risk of development of post-traumatic epilepsy. A condition of successful prophylaxis is the administration of the drug immediately after trauma since the experimental investigations of the author indicate that starting treatment at the time of epileptogenic focus development in the EEG, even before the appearance of clinical seizures is too late for complete prophylactic or even therapeutic success. PMID- 817215 TI - [Problem of epilepsy prevention in children with abnormal EEG tracings following cranial trauma]. AB - In the analysed material of 248 children with past craniocerebral trauma epilepsy developed in 25 cases (10%). In the group of post-traumatic epilepsy seizures developed twice as frequently after severe trauma than after light trauma. In EEG investigations in the group with light trauma the observed changes included slowing down of background activity, focal changes or lateralization as the only finding. In the group of severe trauma the EEG changes included slowing down of background activity with associated lateralization or focal changes. In the group of children with epilepsy following severe trauma the same changes were found in EEG curves prior to development of seizures. The authors believe that changes of this type may predict manifestation of epilepsy and may be regarded as sufficient for prophylactic treatment with anticonvulsants. PMID- 817216 TI - [Negative aspects of pharmacological prevention of epilepsy]. AB - Pharmacological prevention of epilepsy, especially in cases of past cranial trauma, arose as one of the problems connected with this disease. Attention has been called, however, ever more frequently to the neurotoxic effects of antiepileptic drugs symptoms and signs of with brain damage. Drug-induced encephalopathy or neuropathy occur particularly in patients with disorders of anticonvulsant drug metabolism in liver diseases or due to inborn enzymatic defects. Teratogenic and even epileptogenic side effects has been described in cases treated with therapeutic doses of anticonvulsants. The author discusses in this aspect the indications to pharmacological prevention of epilepsy quoting cases observed by her in which cranial trauma was followed by one or several seizures in early post-traumatic period and presence of seizure potentials was found in EEG. During follow-up observations of severel years duration the seizures were not repeated and EEG has returned to normal. PMID- 817217 TI - [Interruption of grand mal epileptic seizures by the trigeminal nerve stimulation]. AB - The author demonstrated that a strong pressure exerted on the site of intraorbital branches of the trigeminal nerve can interrupt grand mal attack if exerted at the beginning of the seizure. In a group of 50 observed epileptics with frequent attacks it was possible in 29 cases to perform this procedure before the onset of convulsions and in all these cases the attack was prevented. On the other hand, the same procedure performed at the time of convulsions was without effect on the attack. The author discusses the neurophysiological bases of this observation. PMID- 817218 TI - [Comparative evaluation of seizure provocation methods with sleep deprivation and Brietal in epileptics]. AB - In 10 patients with suspected epilepsy in whom routine EEG investigations failed to demonstrate changes the sleep deprivation method and intravenous injection of 1% Brietal solution were used as provocation methods. The efficiency of both methods was compared. In cases in which sleep deprivation provoked appearance of pathological changes Brietal gave a similar result but evoked more frequently the manifestation of focal changes. In cases in which sleep deprivation was ineffective Brietal provoked slight changes in some cases only. Both methods may be used for provocation and Brietal may be more suitable in cases with suspected focal lesions. PMID- 817219 TI - Characteristics of the plasma TRH-degrading enzyme. AB - The reaction products of plasma enzyme degradation of TRH were identified by thin layer chromatography. The enzyme in normal rat plasma yields proline and pGlu-His as major reaction products. High concentrations of proline decrease peptide cleavage, resulting in greater amounts of acid TRH. The apparent Km of the enzyme is 4.1 X 10(-6) M. LHRH and neurotensin are competitive inhibitors with Ki of 5 X 10(-6) M and 1.5 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Somatostatin, MIF, oxytocin, arg vasopressin, arg-vasotocin, neurophysin II and glucagon do not compete; and pGlu His-Pro-OH, Glu-His-Pro-OH, pGlu-His, His-Pro-NH2, and Pro-NH2 do not affect enzyme activity. These data suggest that the substrated requires pGlu and a terminal or internal amide to complex with the enzyme. The enzyme is markedly inhibited by Cu++, Bal, benzamadine, p-(chloromercuri)-benzoic acid, moderately affected by EDTA and puromycin, and unaffected by mercaptoethanol. TSH does not affect enzyme activity while LH inhibits it moderately at high concentrations (300-600 pg/ml). PMID- 817220 TI - Parameters of alteration of pentobarbital response by hypothalamic polypeptides. AB - Both thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and amphetamine antagonize pentobarbital. They are more effective in the day than at night. This is true for TRH even when the dose of pentobarbital is increased at night to prolong sedation. Under this condition the day-night difference is lost for amphetamine. Both substances are more effective in cold ambient temperatures (18 degrees C) and less effective in warm temperatures, but their activity at warmer temperatures (37 degrees C) is still substantial. In contrast, somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF) augments the effects of pentobarbital at room temperature. This action is unaffected by time of day. However, the increase in sleeping time is lost in both a warm environment and in a cold environment. PMID- 817222 TI - Interictal regional cerebral blood flow in patients with partial seizures. AB - Interictal regional cerebral blood flow was determined in 11 adult patients with partial epilepsy and lateralized electroencephalographic abnormalities by means of the xenon 133 intracarotid injection method. A hemispheric area demonstrating significantly low regional cerebral blood flow values as compared with the hemispheric mean cerebral blood flow was observed in each of the patients. In 10 of the 11 patients the localized reduced regional cerebral blood flow levels deviated significantly from levels obtained from parallel regions and hemispheres of normal controls. In the majority of patients, the site of low regional cerebral blood flow closely correlated with the clinical type of partial seizures and/or the site of main electroencephalographic abnormality. On the basis of these data, we suggest that the epileptogenic focus responsible for the partial seizures may be localized within the hemispheric area demonstrating the abnormal regional cerebral blood flow reduction. PMID- 817221 TI - The antiparkinsonian efficacy of bromocriptine. AB - The antiparkinsonian activity of bromocriptine, a presumed dopaminergic receptor agonist, was investigated in monkeys with surgically induced tremor and in a group of parkinsonian patients. A single administration of bromocriptine resulted in a dose-dependent relief of tremor in monkeys. Repeated administration enhanced this effect. Only mild abnormal involuntary movements were observed and only after repeated administration. Eleven patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with bromocriptine (mean dose, 26.4 mg a day). Clinically obvious improvement was noted in one or more of the cardinal signs of the disease in six patients (responders). No obvious improvement in any of the cardinal signs was noted in the remaining five patients (nonresponders). Clinically, the responders were older and more severely affected and had been on a higher dose of levodopa. However, they had had the disease for a shorter period. It is suggested that failure to respond to bromocriptine may be related to a decrease in the sensitivity of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 817223 TI - Homovanillic acid transport by the spinal cord. AB - Spinal subarachnoid perfusions of rhesus monkeys were performed to study spinal transport of homovanillic acid in control and probenecid-treated animals. Homovanillic acid enters capillaries within spinal tissue throughout the spinal cord. The mean capillary exchange half-time for homovanillic acid was 19.2+/-2.8 minutes; probenecid did not affect this value significantly. Despite its polar nature, homovanillic acid crosses cell boundaries easily and equilibrates in a distribution volume (55 percent) approaching the total water space. The spinal cord clears homovanillic acid from 21+/-4 mul per minute of cerebrospinal fluid. The rate of clearance after probenecid administration was not significantly different. The apparent diffusion coefficient in tissue of homovanillic acid approximated the diffusion coefficient in water (8.0 X 10(-6) cm2 per second). The data show that homovanillic acid is transported by capillaries throughout spinal tissue by a mechanism largely insensitive to inhibition by probenecid. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid even after probenecid administration therefore reflect only part of the total dopamine metabolism. PMID- 817225 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 817224 TI - [Morphological picture of the cerebellum in epilepsy]. PMID- 817226 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 817227 TI - Environmental factors and skin diseases. PMID- 817229 TI - Analysis of delays in hospitalization for acute chest pain. PMID- 817228 TI - Trivial head trauma and its consequences in a perspective of regional health care. PMID- 817230 TI - Iatrogenic gastric ulceration in the dog: a comparison between continuous suction, intermittent suction, and continuous suction with hourly irrigation, using a double lumen nasogastric tube. PMID- 817231 TI - Reflections on the past and present treatment of war wounds and fractures. PMID- 817232 TI - Diffuse angiokeratoma (Fabry's disease): Case report. PMID- 817233 TI - [Complications of permanent cardiac stimulation. Personal experience]. PMID- 817234 TI - [Clinico-statistical notes on some characteristics of thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Statistical analysis was used to examine certain environmental and biological aspects of thyrotoxicosis, specifically: marital status, occupation, sex, age of onset of menarche and menopause, number of pregnancies and miscarriages, blood groups (ABO, Rh system). The results showed a significant prevalence of non married working women among patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis. They also showed that the patients under examination reach menarche at an earlier age and the menopause at a later age than a control group, and the figures were statistically significant. PMID- 817235 TI - [Diaminoxidase of the blood and blister fluid in burned patients]. AB - Serous diaminoxidase (DAO) was measured in 28 patients affected by burns of various extents 3-8 hours after the lesion. In 32.1%, increases in DAO were encountered and these were greater and more frequent in more extensively affected subjects. After 7-10 days, DAO values were back to normal. Measuring DAO simultaneously in the serum and in the phlyctena fluid, it was observed that the latter constantly contains greater concentrations of the enzyme. This suggests that DAO is released or newly formed at lesional level although it cannot be excluded that the internal organs may also play a part in the release and neoformation of DAO as happens in experimental burns, after i.v. injection of heparin and after subcutaneous inflammation due to terpentine. PMID- 817236 TI - Nutriton classics. Public Health Reports, Volume 56, 1941, pages 761-792. Domestic water and dental caries. II. A study of 2,832 white children, aged 12-14 years, of 8 suburban Chicago communities, including Lactobacillus acidophilus studies of 1,761 children. By H. Trendley Dean, Philip Jay, Francis A. Arnold, Jr., and Elias Elvove. PMID- 817237 TI - Careers in nutrition from the clinical viewpoint. PMID- 817238 TI - Family size: its influence on family's health, economic status and social welfare. PMID- 817239 TI - Urethral Diverticulum in the Female. Etiologic Factors and Postoperative Results. AB - Among 32 female patients with urethral diverticulum, a high incidence of prior gonococcal infection suggests that periurethral infection with this organism may be a common etiologic factor. The voiding cystourethrogram appears to be the best technic for demonstrating the diverticulum and for differentiating it from other suburethral masses. In the cases not associated with urinary tract infections, local symptoms were uniformly relieved by successful surgical excision. In patients with infection, surgery accomplished clearing of chronic urinary tract infection in 47% and cure of local symptoms in 63%. Persistence of infection following operation calls for further investigation to search for other etiologic factors or the presence of a new or recurrent diverticulum. PMID- 817240 TI - Preovulatory Granulosa Cells and Steroidogenesis. An Ultrastructural Study in the Rhesus Monkey. AB - Granulosa cells of developing preovulatory follicles from ovaries of 6 rhesus monkeys were studied with the electron microscope. They did not contain the cytoplasmic structures known to be associated with steroidogenesis. Such structures were found only in the luteinized granulosa cells of atretic follicles in the preovulatory ovary. The preovulatory granulosa cells were rich in RNA, and the production of the liquor folliculi is probably their main function. The apparent contradiction between the present findings and those reported in incubation studies is discussed. PMID- 817241 TI - Repair of urethral diverticulum or vesicovaginal fistula by vaginal flap technic. PMID- 817242 TI - Experimental cataract fragmentation:instrumentation and laboratory evaluation. AB - A newly designed mechanical phacofragmentator powered by compressed air was tested on 200 human hard nuclear cataracts and ten traumatic owl monkey cataracts. The device, which consists of a turbine-driven diamond burr, successfully fragmented hard human cataracts, both in vitro and when implanted in the anterior chamber of rabbits and monkeys. Iatrogenic damage to the iris was noted in the early cases, but no collapse of the anterior chamber or gross damage of the cornea occurred. Iris damage can be avoided, once the operator gains sufficient skill in manipulating the instrument. The ten traumatic monkey cataracts were all removed without complication, except for one case in which the posterior lens capsule was ruptured with subsequent vitreous prolapse. PMID- 817243 TI - The presentation of malignant lymphoma in the oral cavity and pharynx. AB - The oral and oropharyngeal presentation of malignant lymphoma is an uncommon occurrence. We are reporting ten cases from our radiation center because this cancer is most likely to be first seen and recognized by the dental practitioner at the earliest stage when it is radiocurable. More advanced lesions, as in our series, become associated with systemic lymphomatous disease and patients have a poor survival rate. Only two of our ten patients survived the 5-year interval after diagnosis. PMID- 817244 TI - Birth defect syndromes in which orthopedic problems may be overlooked. PMID- 817245 TI - Limb deficiencies: classification and treatment. PMID- 817246 TI - The pediatrician and myelodysplasia. PMID- 817247 TI - Effect of low lactose milk Eiwit Melk (E.M.) on protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 817248 TI - Effects of fractionation in radiation therapy of carcinoma of the lip. PMID- 817249 TI - The effect of human immune IgG on the in vitro development of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Plasmodium falciparum parasites infecting Aotus trivirgatus erythrocytes were cultured in media (Harvard and TC199) augmented with human, foetal calf, or other sera. Conditions were established which supported growth of parasites and allowed cyclical multiplication when fresh erythrocytes (from Aotus or Homo) were added in sub-culture (mean multiplication rate: X3). Immunoglobulin G pools, prepared from plasma collected in endemic malarious areas in Africa and from unexposed Britons, were tested for effects on the in vitro growth (measured by incorporation of tritiated leucine) and multiplication of parasites. Whilst non immune IgG was without effect, IgG from both East and West Africa inhibited the multiplication of East African (Uganda-Palo Alto strain) parasites. PMID- 817250 TI - [Secretion of prolactin: the value of dynamic studies]. AB - Human prolactin blood levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in basal condition and in response to various inhibiting and/or stimulating agents (levodopa, water overload, insulinic hypoglycaemia, synthetic TRH, sulpiride) in cases of disturbed hypothalamo-pituitary axis (failure to lactate, prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas, acromegaly, other pituitary tumours, clinical panhypopituitarism). A blunted prolactin response to suckling was evidenced in 2 post-partum women who were unable to breast feed. Hyperprolactinaemia, whether related to the existence of a prolactin-producing adenoma or not, was associated with the disappearance of the normal circadian pattern of prolactin secretion and with a blunted relative response to TRH; the latter phenomenon occurred also in acromegaly regardless of the basal prolactinaemia, and during the last trimester of pregnancy. Water overload was unsuccessful to suppress prolactin during the last trimester of pregnancy while the acute administration of levodopa was quite effective in about half of the patients with pituitary tumour. Therefore none of the dynamic tests presently studied allowed us to attribute a hyperprolactinaemia to a pituitary tumour rather than to a functional disturbance. On the contrary, stimulation tests can help to locate the level of a defect in cases of hypopituitarism. PMID- 817251 TI - Prolactin and gonadal function. AB - In most cases, hypogonadism is found in patients with hyperprolactinaemia and galactorrhea, whatever the origin. Correlations between basal levels of gonadotrophins and prolactin have been studied during dynamic tests (LH/FSH-RH, TRH, hypoglycaemia) and after treatment with bromocriptine. There is no evidence for gonadotrophin deficiency associated with hyperprolactinaemia and it would appear that prolactin rather blocks the actions of the gonadotrophins at the gonadal level. Furthermore, an "in vitro" study showed that prolactin blocks the stimulant effect of gonadotrophin on steroidogenesis by the Graafian follicles. This phenomenon may be a mechanism of regulation of the menstrual cycle. The significance of these phenomena is discussed. PMID- 817252 TI - C1 and human platelets. Decrease in chronic lymphocyte leukemia. Effect of lymphocytes. AB - Studies of platelet C1 have been performed in 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The platelet C1 level evaluated by the hemolytic method was very low and the platelet aggregation induced by aggregated IgG or anti C1q antisera was significantly reduced. "In vitro", the lymphocytes from CLL were capable of inhibiting platelet C1 and platelet aggregation induced by aggregated IgG and anti C1q to a greater extent than normal lymphocytes. These results lead the authors to discuss the role of platelet C1 in the interaction platelet/immunoglobulins and the nature of the inhibition. PMID- 817253 TI - ["In vitro" determination of bacterial sensitivity to tobramycin (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the tobramycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 264 strains (dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar). Staphylococcus aureus (96 strains) have a MIC of 0.02 mcg/ml, 80 % being inhibited by 0.07 mcg/ml. Most Enterobacteriaceae (70 strains) are sensitive to 0.7 mcg/ml ; Providencia are the most resistant (MIC 11.88 mcg/ml). Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (98 strains, MIC : 11.57 mcg/ml) 50 % are inhibited by 0.30 mcg/ml, 80 % by 18.8 mcg/ml. Relationships of MIC to zone diameters with the use of 10 mcg (D 10) and 30 mcg (D 30) tobramycin discs allow to draw the regression line which is respectively : y = -- 0,331 x + 6,64 and y = -- 0.263 x + 7,68. The strains are sensitive with an inhibition diameter greater than or equal to 16 mm (D 10) or greater than or equal to 18.5 mm (D 30). PMID- 817254 TI - Unstable gentamicin resistance with linkage to colony size in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have shown unstable resistance to gentamicin and a firm linkage between this property and the size of colonies produced on nutrient agar. The resistant parent cells yield distinctly smaller colonies than the sensitive variants. As a point of clinical interest, the smaller colonies may be obscured by the larger and the detection of gentamicin resistance compromised. PMID- 817255 TI - Spine deformity in children: Current concepts of diagnosis and treatment. AB - Idiopathic scoliosis is a frequently occurring disorder of unknown cause that is the most likely spine deformity to be seen by the pediatrician or family physician. Very mild curves (up to 20 degrees) are periodically observed, under controlled measurement, but not actively treated. Moderate curves (20 to 45 degrees) or progressive curves of less than 20 degrees are treated with braces. Severe curves (more than 45 degrees) are usually treated surgically. The greatest need at the present time is for better early detection and prompt referral to an adequate treatment program. PMID- 817256 TI - ["Cat's eye" phenotype in a subject with normal karyotype]. PMID- 817258 TI - [Letter: A pitfall in the automatic count of blood platelets. False thrombopenia caused by agglutination in the presence of EDTA]. PMID- 817257 TI - Facilitated transport of urea across the toad gallbladder. AB - The toad gallbladder epithelium is much more selective than that of the rabbit especially as to the permeability of two molecules like urea and thiourea. These observations can probably be attributed to different permeation mechanisms of the 2 molecules. Neither active transport nor solvent drag can explain these phenomena. 10(-4) M phloretin strongly inhibits urea movement, but does not alter either thiourea fluxes or isotonic net water transport: these results suggest that a specific mechanism is involved in urea movement. The urea transport shows saturation kinetic which is consistent with the presence of a facilitated mechanism. PMID- 817259 TI - [Letter: Screw-on electrode for long term endocardial stimulation. 1st clinical experience (5 cases)]. PMID- 817260 TI - [A plan for long term treatment of arterial diseases of the limbs at the intermittent claudication stage]. PMID- 817261 TI - [Waldenstrom's disease associated with Sjogren's syndrome. Double IgM population (lambda and kappa). Response to chlorambucil]. PMID- 817262 TI - [Study of epilepsy by computer controlled transverse axial tomography of the brain]. AB - The value of computerized azial tomography of the encephalon is considered:- Firstly, in relation to the different electro-clinical varieties of epilepsy (essentially primary, secondary and partial) where it provides information of a high degree of precision concerning the topography, frequency and size of morphological abnormalties of the encephalon.--Secondly, in relation to the various aetiological possibilities (tumour, post-traumatic, post-ischaemic, post infective, et cetera). This new method is of considerable to specify an aetiology almost unknown up to the present time: post-ischaemic occipital porencephaly secondary to perinatal or infantile occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery. PMID- 817263 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension by pindolol]. PMID- 817264 TI - [Letter: Epileptic seizures after naftidrofuryl injection]. PMID- 817265 TI - [Treatment of kidney failure in multiple myeloma by chronic hemodialysis. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - A report of the treatment by repeated dialysis of irreversible renal failure complicating 4 cases of multiple myeloma. The latter condition continued to progress, with death occurring after three, six, eight and twenty seven months. The last case was the only one with an indiscutable haematological and clinical remission. The effectiveness of chemotherapy is the reason for the use of the artifical kidney. Treatment may be hoped to be active if the renal failure is acute, a presenting feature of the myeloma. Such a hope is practically vain if the renal failure develops progressively, in a patient already on treatment. The indication for haemodialysis is thus more than open to discussion. PMID- 817267 TI - Forgotten groups. PMID- 817266 TI - [Gonococcal septicemia. 1 case]. AB - This paper describes a case of disseminated gonococcal infection, a rare disease in France. A 41 year-old woman was hospitalised with acute polyarthritis and characteristics skin lesions. Jaundice and liver function abnormalities are difficult to interpret due to a preexisting alcoholic cirrhosis. The possibility of an endocarditis is raised because of a systolic murmur heard at the base of the heart. Bacteriological identification of N. Gonorrhoeae is carried out in blood culture; it has also been recovered by scrapings of a cutaneous bullae by staining only. Therapy was instituted by daily intravenous penicillin G sodium 50 000 000 u. and intramuscular gentamicin 160 mg for 45 days. There resulted good clinical and bacteriological response. The elements of clinical and bacteriological diagnosis, as well as the therapy are discussed. PMID- 817268 TI - Policy by default. PMID- 817269 TI - Editorial: Cost effective health care. PMID- 817270 TI - Nursing in a famine. PMID- 817271 TI - Antigen-induced hypersensitivity of the bronchial system and the influence of disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 817272 TI - [Duodenojejunal diverticulosis as a cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 817273 TI - [Attempt at treating diabetic ketoacidosis with small doses of insulin]. PMID- 817274 TI - Investigations of pyrazine derivatives. Part IV. Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of some 6-alkoxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acids. AB - By alcoholysis of 2-cyjano-6-chloropyrazine corresponding 6-alkoxypyrazine-2 imidoesters (1,6,11,16) were formed, which were then transformed in esters and amides of 6-alkoxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acids. Some of these compounds show a weak tuberculostatic activity. PMID- 817275 TI - Selenium effect on the growth of carcinogenic fungi and cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 on lymphocyte culture and on embryonal development of Xenopus laevis. AB - The authors report the results of investigations on the protective effect of selenium against teratogenic and cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 and the inhibitory action of this element on the growth of fungi producing carcinogenic aflatoxins. Sodium selenate inhibited the growth of cultures of such fungi belonging to the class Fungi imperfecti as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium meleagrinum and Penicillium rougolosum. Added to cell cultures of lymphocytes sodium selenate inhibited the cytotoxic action of aflatoxin B1 evidenced by inhibition of PHA-stimulated blastic transformation of these cells and reduction in the number of mitoses. Sodium selenate added to the medium in the culture of Xenopus laevis larvae poisoned with aflatoxin B1 reduced significantly the early mortality of embryos and counteracted the teratogenic action of aflatoxin B1. This action was observed, however, only in early phase of morulation. The authors discuss the importance of their observations for the studies on the role of bioelements deficiency in the environment for induction of malignant transformation. PMID- 817276 TI - Gynecologic aspects of the "routine" checkup. AB - A Pap test, advice about contraception, and instruction in breast self examination--these are important components in the routine physical checkup of female patients. The practice of office gynecology is a demanding but rewarding part of general medical practice. PMID- 817277 TI - Eye disorders: Looking at the eye for clues to systemic disease. AB - There are many systemic diseases in which eye signs detectable without an ophthalmoscope may be present. Examples are congenital glaucoma in neurofibromatosis, corneal involvement in mycosis fungoides, chloroma in leukemia, and uveitis and glaucoma in herpes zoster. PMID- 817278 TI - Pediatrics: office management of diabetes mellitus in children. AB - For children with diabetes and their families, education should start immediately upon diagnosis of the disease or recovery from the initial episode of ketoacidosis and should be directed specifically toward childhood diabetes. The physician or nurse should be accessible by phone at all times in case of severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Nonemergency problems are handled during routine office visits, which should be scheduled regularly every three months. Measures important to good control include accurate daily testing of urine, proper choice and careful regulation of insulin, and maintenance of a well-balanced diet consistent in total intake and meal and snack times. Children who stay involved with peer groups and activities maintain a healthier attitude toward living with their disease. PMID- 817279 TI - Haematological problems in the newborn. PMID- 817280 TI - Skin infestation. PMID- 817282 TI - [Clinico-morphologic and bacteriologic correlations in children and adolescents operated on for tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 817281 TI - [Changes of serum lipids during parenteral feeding with a 10 percent of soy oil solution (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this investigation was the knowledge of certain events related with the intravenous administration of lipids in patients with parenteral nutrition such as tolerance, clearence and changes in the plasmatic lipid fractions and the effect of heparin as capilar lipoprotein-lipase stimulant and of the insulin as lipogenetic hormone. With intralipid the authors observed elevation of serum total lipid, triglicerids and fatty acids; in this patients the fatty acids went up after addition of heparin because triglicerid elucidation but went down after insulin administration which favor the tisular captation of fatty acids. They do not found alteration in serum cholesterol. The results with heparin and insulin suggest a greater and more rapid clearence of plasmatic lipids probably by incorporation of them to the tissues. This feature minimize the risk of exogen hyperlipemia, hyperosmolarity and metabolic acidosis. PMID- 817284 TI - [Determination of the activity of recently diagnosed mild forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 817283 TI - [Intermittent chemotherapy of chronic forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 817285 TI - Discussion: do psychotherapeutic interventions really influence the drug treatment of depression? PMID- 817286 TI - Acquisition of substrate-specific parameters during the catalytic reaction of penicillinase. AB - The progress of the catalytic reaction of penicillinase (EC 3.5.2.6; penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase) depends on the structure of the side-chain in derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (the parent substrate). Side-chains of one class promote the rate of the reaction and cause no deviation from the linear kinetics observed with the parent compound. By contrast, side-chains of the other class induce a time-dependent, reversible change in the parameters of the catalytic reaction. The rate decelerates considerably and then becomes constant; the decrease in kcat is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in Km. The initial parameters of the biphasic reaction, determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, approach those of the unsubstituted 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The final parameters, which are specific for each derivative, are not acquired when the native conformation of the enzyme is stabilized by homologous antibodies. PMID- 817287 TI - Dimethylsulfoxide-induced differentiation and hemoglobin synthesis in tissue cultures of rat erythroleukemia cells transformed by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - Permanent cell lines from transplantable tumors from 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced erythroleukemia of the rat were established. These cell lines maintain their erythroid nature. Erythroid differentiation can be induced by dimethylsulfoxide. This is shown by decrease in cell size, appearance of red and benzidine positive cells, and induced synthesis of four out of six adult globin chains. PMID- 817288 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes of rabbit kappa chains: polymorphism of a control mechanism regulating closely linked duplicated genes? AB - The amino acid sequence of the constant (CK) region from the kappa immunoglobulin chains of a b9 rabbit is compared with the CK sequences, taken from the literature, of a b4 rabbit. These CK regions differ by 33% of their amino acid sequences and by three sequence insertions or deletions (sequence gaps). These extensive differences together with other published observations suggest that the b9 and b4 CK genes may not be simple alleles, but rather they may be encoded by closely linked CK genes present in every rabbit whose expression is regulated by a polymorphic control mechanism. PMID- 817289 TI - Long-term prognosis of severe accidental head injury. PMID- 817290 TI - Milestones in medical genetics. PMID- 817292 TI - The surgery of cataracts in children. PMID- 817291 TI - Cataracts in early childhood: the scope of the problem. PMID- 817293 TI - Development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis B. AB - Highly purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen (Australia antigen) purified by physical and chemical procedures from infected human plasma was used to prepare hepatitis B vaccine. The purified antigen was treated with formalin and the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in marmosets (for live hepatitis B virus). The vaccine was highly potent, inducing antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine containing up to 20 mug of hepatitis B antigen per dose. A protective efficacy trial was carried out in chimpanzees that were given three doses of vaccine subcutaneously and then challenged intravenously with 1000 chimpanzee infectious doses of human hepatitis B virus. All of five unvaccinated control animals developed hepatitis B virus antigenemia following challenge and all of six vaccinated animals were protected, including one animal that had failed to develop detectable antibody following vaccination. PMID- 817294 TI - Magnesium withdrawal and contraction of arterial smooth muscle: effects of EDTA, EGTA, and divalent cations. AB - The divalent cation chelators, CaEDTA and EGTA, were demonstrated to exert opposite effects on contractions of rat aortic smooth muscle induced by withdrawal of external magnesium ([Mg2+]0). Addition of CaEDTA potentiated such contractions more than 100%, while EGTA promoted rapid relaxation. Rapid relaxation of contractions induced by withdrawal of [Mg2+]0 could also be induced by Mn, Ni, and Cd but not Sr. Using EC50's, a relative descending order of contractile inhibition was noted for the divalent cations: Mn greater than Cd greater than Mg greater than Ni. The ability of CaEDTA to potentiate contractions produced by withdrawal of [Mg2+]0, as well as the ability of divalent cations to relax contractions of aortic smooth muscle, appears to be related to actions on the transmembrane flux of Ca2+. These findings thus lend support to the view that Mg ions either play an important role in regulating membrane permeability to [Ca2+]0 or occupy membrane sites which are exchangeable with membrane-bound Ca in certain types of aterial smooth muscle. PMID- 817296 TI - [Alkylating tumor inhibitors--work mechenism and metabolism]. PMID- 817295 TI - Alterations in plasma copper, zinc, amino acids, and seromucoid during Rocky Moutain spotted fever in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs inoculated with virulent Rickettsia rickettsii responded with a significant increase in plasma copper concentration within 1 day, preceding fever and detectable rickettsemia by 2 and 4 days, respectively. A decrease in serum zinc concentration coinciding with peak rickettsemia was detectable on Day 5. Evidence of altered host nitrogen metabolism during this illness included a doubling of plasma seromucoid concentration and a significant rise in the plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio. PMID- 817297 TI - Drug-induced reinstatement of extinguished self-administration behavior in monkeys. AB - Responding was established in squirrel monkeys under a modified progressive ratio schedule of IV d-amphetamine or cocaine self-administration. Subsituation of saline for the drug solutions resulted in extinction of the self-administration behavior. IV injections of certain doses of d-amphetamine or cocaine, immediately prior to test sessions in which response-contingent saline infusions were delivered, reinstated the rate and pattern of responding observed during sessions in which drug was self-administered. Presession IV injections of several doses of pentobarbital or chlorpromazine failed to consistently reinstate responding. These results were interpreted in terms of the discriminative control of drug self-administration behavior by the current drug state of the subject. PMID- 817298 TI - Sustained ingestion of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the operant behavior of stump-tailed macaques. AB - Three stump-tailed macaques were trained to press a lever for liquid reinforcement on a tandem schedule which required the animal to delay responding for at least 30 sec after each reinforcer. If the animal responded during that interval, a clock was reset thus re-establishing the delay requirement. If he delayed responding appropriately, the monkey was shifted to a fixed-interval schedule of 135 sec duration. The FI component was terminated with a drop of flavored liquid at which point the delay requirement began anew. Following a stable baseline performance, two monkeys received 2 mg/kg of THC orally every third day for 90 days with the placebo administered on intervening days. The third animal received the placebo throughout testing. Each monkey's performance was described in terms of response rate and response patterning between reinforcers. Despite the sustained ingestion of THC neither animal showed appreciable change in test behavior attributable to tolerance to the drug. Although the drug continued to have a powerful effect throughout testing on the days it was administered, there was no evidence of any consistent or cumulative drug effect on placebo-day performance. PMID- 817300 TI - Effects of alcohol on punished and unpunished responding of squirrel monkeys. AB - Lever pressing of two squirrel monkeys was maintained initially under a multiple 5 min fixed-interval 5 min fixed-interval schedule of food presentation where, in each of 2 separate stimulus conditions, the first response after 5 min elapsed produced food. Subsequently, during one of the fixed-interval components responding was punished by the presentat of a 5 mA electric shock following each 30th response; rates of responding were markedly suppressed during this component. Unpunshed response rates occurring during the alternate fixed-interval component remained unchanged for one monkey and decreased for the other. Alcohol (1.0-3.0g/kg) increased overall punished rates of responding and decreased unpunished response rates; at higher doses (3.5-4.0 g/kg) all responding was decreased. Where lower local rates of both punished and unpunished responding were comparable, as measured in successive quarters of the fixed-interval, these rates were increased equivalently with alcohol. Comparable higher local rates of punished and unpunished responding were both decreased to about the same extent. The effects of alcohol were determined by the control rate at which behavior occurred, irrespective of whether responding was punished or unpunished. PMID- 817299 TI - Conditioned approach: an analogue of conditioned avoidance; effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam. AB - An analogue of the conditioned avoidance test, the conditioned approach test, was designed in which the reinforcing event was eating food rather than avoiding or escaping shock. A response to the approach stimulus resulted in immediate delivery of food. Failure to respond to the approach stimulus for 15 sec resulted in the delivery of a food pellet. Administration of chlorpormazine at 2--4 mg/kg, PO to squirrel monkeys resulted in the failure of the monkeys to respond to many approach stimuli although they promptly responded to the freely delivered food pellet. Diazepam was without effect at doses up to 100 mg/kg, PO. PMID- 817301 TI - Mazindol self-administration in the rhesus monkey. AB - The ability of the intravenous administration of mazindol (SaH 42-548) to act as a reinforcer in monkeys previously conditioned to self-administer cocaine was ascertained. Unit dosages i.e. dosage per injection, of 50 and 100 mug/kg resulted in self-administration rates significantly greater than that which occurred with saline. An inverse relationship existed between unit dosage and frequency of self-administration over the unit dosage range 50-200 mug/kg. The total mazindol dosage self-administration per session was however independent of unit dosage. Approximately 2-3 mg/kg was self-administered by each animal during a 4 hr session at each of the 3 unit dosages. This tends to indicate that the 200 mug/kg unit dosage was also reinforcing even though the self-administration rate was similar to that of saline. This study indicates that mazindol can serve as a reinforcer and that the relationship between total session intake, unit dosage, and self-administration frequency of mazindol are similar to these seen with other reinforcing psychomotor stimulant drugs. PMID- 817302 TI - Effects of dopamine-receptor blockade on self-stimulation in the monkey. AB - In a dose-response experiment it was shown that intraperitoneal injections of 0.062 mg/kg, and 0.1 mg/kg of the dopamine-receptor blocking agent and neuroleptic spiroperidol severely attenuate self-stimulation in the orbitofrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and in the region of the locus coeruleus, in the rhesus monkey and in the squirrel monkey. In the rhesus monkey intracranial injections of 6 mug of spiroperidol bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens or the hypothalamus attenuated self-stimulation of the amygdala, and injections into the orbitofrontal cortex attenuated self-stimulation of the amygdala and lateral hypothalamus. Self-stimulation at other sites tested (including the region of the locus coeruleus) was much less affected by the injections, and injections into the region of the locus coeruleus were ineffective. These results together with other control experiments suggest that spiroperidol can attenuate self stimulation in the monkey independently of any motor impairment or sedation produced, and that dopamine receptors in particular brain regions are involved in self-stimulation of particular brain sites. PMID- 817303 TI - Control of drug-taking behavior by schedules of reinforcement. PMID- 817304 TI - Characteristics of behavior controlled by scheduled injections of drugs. PMID- 817306 TI - Pharmacological and environmental variables affecting drug preference in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 817307 TI - Discrete-trial choice procedure: effects of naloxone and methadone on choice between food and heroin. PMID- 817305 TI - Stimuli associated with drug injections as events that control behavior. AB - In this paper, some of the ways were briefly reviewed in which environmental stimuli that have been associated with injections of morphine or narcotic antagonists can come to modify and control behavior. Many of the effects described have also been demonstrated with drugs from other pharmacological classes. Environmental stimuli that occur in association with human drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior play an important role in the development, control, and perpetuation of this behavior. A variety of approaches to the experimental analysis of the control of behavior by such stimuli have been illustrated. Studies with these approaches promise to expand our understanding of the dynamic processes involved in drug use by human addicts. PMID- 817308 TI - Concurrent schedules of cocaine injection in rhesus monkeys: dose variations under independent and non-independent variable-interval procedures. PMID- 817309 TI - Introduction: Schedules of termination of drug injections. PMID- 817310 TI - Naloxone as a negative reinforcer in rhesus monkeys: effects of dose, schedule, and narcotic regimen. PMID- 817311 TI - Termination of a schedule complex associated with intravenous injections of nalorphine in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. PMID- 817312 TI - Psychotropic drugs as negative reinforcers. PMID- 817313 TI - Drug effects and the environmental control of behavior. PMID- 817314 TI - Drug injections as negative reinforcers. PMID- 817316 TI - Are the techniques and results of studies of self-administration of drugs useful in other areas of psychobiology? PMID- 817315 TI - Schedule-induced polydipsia and oral intake of drugs. PMID- 817317 TI - Drugs as reinforcers in monkey and man. PMID- 817318 TI - Extrapyramidal pathways and interconnections. PMID- 817319 TI - Electrophysiological properties of basal ganglia synaptic relationship. PMID- 817320 TI - Special chemistry of the basal ganglia I. Monoamines. PMID- 817321 TI - Special chemistry of the basal ganglia 2. Distribution of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 817322 TI - Structure and effects of anabolic steroids. PMID- 817323 TI - Endogenous prostaglandins in normal pregnancy and labor. PMID- 817324 TI - Electrophysiology of the nigro-caudate dopamine pathway. PMID- 817325 TI - Chemistry of prolactin. PMID- 817326 TI - Structure-function relationships of the melanotropins. PMID- 817327 TI - Metals and melanins in the extrapyramidal centers. PMID- 817328 TI - Oxygen toxicity. PMID- 817329 TI - Stereotyped behavior. PMID- 817330 TI - Monoaminergic drugs: general pharmacology. PMID- 817331 TI - Lesions of the striatopetal dopamine and serotonin pathways: anatomy and chemistry. PMID- 817333 TI - Striatal dopamine and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 817332 TI - Antiparkinsonian drugs and dopaminergic neostriatal mechanisms: studies in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (=6-OH-DA)-induced degeneration of the nigro neostriatal DA pathway and quantitative recording of rotational behaviour. PMID- 817334 TI - Functional significance of the aminoaminergic extrapyramidal connections. PMID- 817335 TI - Monkeys with nigrostriatal lesions effects of monoaminergic drugs. PMID- 817336 TI - Time unit system of fee setting. AB - An efficient, accurate, and simple method was developed to determine charges for physical therapy services. Based on cost accounting, the charges were developed from the direct and indirect costs of operating the department. Methods to determine operating costs are outlined and the process used to establish a time unit system is presented. The charges to the patient were developed to reflect accurately the patient's use of resources in terms of time, supplies, and share of indirect costs. A differentiation was made between direct treatment time when the patient is in actual contact with a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant and nondirect time when the patient is practicing a skill on his own. Although developed for a medical center teaching hospital, this system can be adapted to any type of facility. PMID- 817337 TI - Action spectra for photoaccumulation of green and colorless Euglena: evidence for identification of receptor pigments. PMID- 817338 TI - On the physiological significance of dark reversion of phytochrome in the mustard seedling. PMID- 817339 TI - An attempt to localize the threshold reaction in phytochrome-mediated control of lipoxygenase synthesis in the mustard seedling. PMID- 817340 TI - Triplet states of carotenoids from photosynthetic bacteria studied by nanosecond ultraviolet and electron pulse irradiation. PMID- 817341 TI - Hydroelectrolytic changes caused by prolonged clinical recumbency. AB - Investigations effected in 16 subjects of 20-69 years at bed rest after bone fractures demonstrated, in an interval of 10-27 days after surgery, normal plasma sodium concentration and a decreased urinary elimination, an increased plasma potassium concentration but a decreased urinary output. The osmotic changes were not significant. The plasma vasopressin activity was increased. Three urinary aldosterone determinations showed an increased output. The serum calcium level was within normal limits but its urinary output was initially slightly decreased, contrary to its augmented elimination after simple voluntary bed rest, as results from literature. The hydroxyproline elimination was increased, demonstrating an active collagen metabolism. PMID- 817342 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of L-triodothyronine in human and rat blood]. PMID- 817343 TI - The nutritive value of biscuits protein-enriched with soy-bean meal. AB - The researches were carried out on 4 groups of 15 weanling rats and 2 groups of 8 adult rats "pair fed" in individual cages, with a complete isocaloric and isoproteic (10%) diet, the nitrogenous material being supplied for one group from casein, for another from gluten and for the two others this was supplemented with soy-bean meal (5 or 10%). The results obtained in the growth test and in adult rats (nitrogen balance) show that the incorporation of soy-bean into the gluten biscuits increased the gain in weight and the PER lowering the consumption index (p less than 0.001), and doubled the nitrogen retention. PMID- 817344 TI - 2H2O effects on ATP pool in frog stimulated nerve. AB - On stimulation a decrease of ATP pool was observed in the nerve immersed in 2H2O as compared to that of the nerve in H2O. Among the phenomena possible to account for this decrease, we are tempted to attach weight to the transfer rate of protons which finds expression in an increased raising time of the action potential, a stage in which the energy system is stressed. PMID- 817345 TI - [The electrophoretic and chromatographic spectra of rat kidney proteins in experimental renal insufficiency]. PMID- 817346 TI - Processing of EEG biopotentials by the methods of statistical dynamics. PMID- 817348 TI - [Iridomotor behavior during normal and pathologic hypermetropic accomodation]. PMID- 817347 TI - [Influence of maximal effort on the plasma lipids and on some intermediate products of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 817350 TI - Histoenzymology of muscular arterioles. AB - The authors investigated the dehydrogenase histochemistry of arterioles on 22 muscular biopsies from 14 male and 8 female patients with different clinical forms of atherosclerosis, and in 5 controls. There was a diminution with age of all the enzymes studied. In 3 of 6 cases with pathological lesions (thickening of endothelium, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, thrombosis) there was a regional diminution of NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase activities parallel with an increase of the reaction for lactic dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the muscular cells and endothelium. PMID- 817349 TI - [Physiological mechanisms of chemical radiation-protective agents]. PMID- 817352 TI - The influence of cold or heat adaptation on some biochemical neuroendocrine parameters in infant rats. AB - The investigations were carried out on 192 Wistar newborn rats of either sex, chronically exposed to cold or heat. 32P-incorporation into cerebral phospholipids, phosphoproteins and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) as well as 32P uptake by hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenals were studied. The results showed that both chronic exposure to cold and heat enhance 3-P-incorporation into cerebral phospholipids, phosphoproteins and nucleic acids, the exposure to cold inducing nevertheless more important modifications. 32P-uptake by hypothalamo pituitary-adrenal axis is also stimulated, this stimulation being higher in 14 day-old rats exposed to cold. The authors discuss the importance of the nature of stress, of the animal age and its level of CNS maturation in the appearance of all these modifications. PMID- 817351 TI - The effects of acute and long-term irradiation on collagen in rat liver. AB - The alterations of hepatic collagen were investigated at various periods of time after acute (28 min.) and long-term (11 h) irradiation with 100 R, 250 R, 500 R, 700 R. The amount of total and insoluble collagen increases proportionally with the dose 40 days after irradiation, no such a relationship being apparent in the first days after irradiation. The long-term irradiation with 700 R results in a strong decrease of the amount of each of the collagen fractions, as compared with acute irradiation, tested 4 days after irradiation. The most evident protective effect against irradiation was shown by folcystein, as compared with the other agents administered prior to irradiation with 700 R. PMID- 817353 TI - The role of the sympathoadrenergic reaction in adaptation of the organism to the action of + 6 Gz acceleration. AB - In experiments on rats the symphathoadrenergic reactivity after a + 6 Gz acceleration was investigated. Hypergravitation produced as a rule a short initial bradycardia, followed by tachycardia. Hexamethonium (C6), a peripheric ganglion-blocking agent, produced bradycardia, diminution or vanishing of the initial bradycardic episode, and a decreased tachycardic reaction. No initial bradycardic response was observed ater atropine. Atropinized and C6-treated rats showed an increased heart frequency response. Centrifugation produced a decreased adrenal catecholamine content and a blood noradrenaline elevation. C6 importantly decreased both catecholamines content in blood. On this background the acceleration produced a slight increase of both blood catecholamines. PMID- 817354 TI - [Use of radioisotope technics for determination of thyroid hormones. Research on blood and urine]. AB - At first the AA. present the recent progresses reached in the Endocrinology diagnostic with the aid of the radioisotopic techniques; successively they refer about the principles regulating the chemical reactions used in the dosage of the single hormones and about the use of index interesting the clinical practice. The AA. compare the methods of dosage used in the kits of various firms outlining the problems concerning the technological times, the operations number, the contamination risk. They performed several control tests on the T3 RIA, recently introduced into the clinical diagnostic, on the calibration curve, on the repeatibility of the results, on the recovery tests, on the sensitivity of the tarature curve, showing the normal and abnormal values obtained in their hospital. They refer moreover on the results obtained dosing together on the same samples T4, TBC, ETR, T3, RIA, TSH and on the clinical utility of the single tests. Several dosages of T3 and of T4 were effected on urine to have informations on the urinary excretion levels of the thyroid hormones in normal and abnormal subjects. At last they hypothesize the use of the hormonal urinary values and the plasmatic ones for calculating an ormonal thyroid clearance. PMID- 817355 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of triiodothyronine in essential obesity]. AB - A new convenient, specific, precise radioimmunoassay for measurement of T3 has been studied. The assay, set up in presence of ANS (to inhibit aspecific binding of T3 with TBP) and of T3 free serum in Standard curves, allows to measure serum T3 ranging between 6.25 and 800 ng/100 ml. The mean recovery of unlabelled T3 was 103%. Serial dilutions of hyperthyroid sera and of euthyroid sera in T3 free serum yelded expected values. Then, the AA. have studied two groups of obese subjects under various conditions. The behaviour and some possible T3 production mechanism in those groups is finally discussed. PMID- 817356 TI - [Standardized radioimmunologic determination of T 3]. AB - A method for detection of total T3 in sera is described. Reagents, incubation conditions and two methods of separation of free from bound hormone (charcoal and PEG) have been accurately studied. Particular attention has been paid to the reagent preparation and to the stability of lyophilized products over time. The results obtained show that: 1) ANSA works better than Merthiolate as splitter of TBG-T3 binding. 2) Measurements performed changing incubation temperature gave results not significantly different. 3) The separation method does not affect results. The method is extremely rapid, 1 h of incubation at 37degreesC or 4 h at 4degreesC. The calibration curve is expressed as a ratio of the activity bound to a different concentration of hormone and is described by a linear function with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.995. Clinical results are in accordance with those reported by the literature. PMID- 817357 TI - [Technical notes and clinical use in the radioimmunologic determination of T 3]. AB - Particular aspects of plasma T3 radioimmunoassay are examinated. The results obtained with this method are reported and clinical value of plasma T3-RIA to reveale T3-toxicosis and to evaluate thyroid reserve after TRH administration is outlined and discussed. PMID- 817358 TI - [Clinical significance in radioimmunologic determination of triiodothyronine]. AB - 158 patients with physiological and pathological triiodothyronine values were studied: 118 normal subjects, 33 hyperthyroid patients and 7 hypo- patients. The results correlate well with the patients' clinical state and with other Authors' data. PMID- 817359 TI - [Australia antigen (HBAg) : methods of research]. AB - The main methods for the detection of the Australia antigen (HBAg) are reported and discussed by the AA. according to their true availability. PMID- 817360 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of the Australia antigen during the course of viral hepatitis]. AB - Australia Antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay technique in 80 cases of viral hepatitis. Incidence of the antigen was 40% in patients with epidemiologic data of infectious hepatitis, 84% in patients with epidemiologic data of serum hepatitis and 61% in a group of patients not reporting a reliable epidemiologic history. The count rate was periodically determined during the course of the illness in the attempt to evaluate, within the limits of the method, the amount of the antigen in the serum samples. Results are briefly discussed, together with the problem of the correlation between the presence of Australia Antigen and the two types of hepatitis infection. PMID- 817362 TI - Letter: The OER of mixed high- and low-LET radiation. PMID- 817361 TI - [Comparative evaluation of some methods for detection of Australia antigen (HBAg) in the serum of acute hepatitis]. AB - On the basis of 1,083 cases of acute hepatitis, the radioimmunoassay has been confirmed the most sensible test for the detection of HBAg, followed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion and latex agglutination. Although the most complicated and expensive test, it is worth to be routinely employed in the acute hepatitis, both diagnostically and from a prophylactic point of view. PMID- 817363 TI - [Whole body counter--a review--part 2: medical use]. PMID- 817364 TI - Radiologic patterns of congenital malformations of the pericardium. AB - Various congenital malformations of the pericardium are describe. The defects of the pericardium are considered, which are more often partial and on the left side than total. Diagnosis is based on angiography and diagnostic pneumothorax. The pleurocardial cysts are frequent and diagnosed on plain films with pneumoperitoneum. The intrapericardial teratoma are seldom. Diagnosis is made on angiocardiography with pneumopericardium. Radiology is very useful for the diagnosis of various types of congenital malformations of the pericardium. PMID- 817365 TI - Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated with irradiation and surgery. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx were treated with irradiation and surgery. Failures were correlated with respect to tumor factors and treatment. Associated with failures are: (a) cut-through of disease at the primary site, (b) connective tissue involvement in the neck, (c) insufficient dose or use of a wedge pair, and (d) failure to give elective treatment to the neck. There is no significant difference in control in the pre- vs. the postoperative group. Combined treatment is indicated in those patients with a high risk of failure if treated by either modality alone. PMID- 817367 TI - Liver uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate. AB - A report of intense liver uptake of a bone-imaging agent (99mTc-EHDP) is presented. Millimicron colloid particles may be responsible for such uptake. Previous reports of this finding have not come to the author's attention. PMID- 817366 TI - Clinical use of thermoluminescent dosimeters in supervoltage x-ray therapy. AB - A practical method for routine patient dose monitoring when single, multiple, or adjacent fields are irradiated with supervoltage x rays is described. The system uses litium fluoride TL-700 extruded rods in small gelatin capsules. The mode of calculation is described and the experimental data for 33- and 45-MeV energy betatron x rays are presented. An example is given to illustrate the use of this technique (experimental uncertainty, 3%). PMID- 817368 TI - Pellicle complex of Euglena gracilis: characterization by disruptive treatments. PMID- 817369 TI - Possible interaction of PGF2 alpha with hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in man. AB - The possible interactions of PGF2 alpha on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis are the object of this study. Firstly a significant direct effect of PGF2 alpha infusion (mg2,5/270 min) on TSH,PRL,LH,FSH and GH pituitary secretion was excluded. Thereafter the possible PGF2 alpha on PRL and TSH pituitary response to TRH was considered: in only two cases PGF2 alpha was able to increase the TSH response. Finally the Authors studied T3 response to endogenous TSH rise induced by TRH: if they consider the mean peak responses of T3 the increase is significant only when PGF2 alpha infusion is performed. PMID- 817370 TI - Specificity of the stimulatory effect of prostaglandins on hormone release in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. AB - Specificity of the effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on hormone release by the anterior pituitary gland was studied using cells in primary culture. Growth hormone (GH) release is stimulated by all eight PGs studied, PGE1 and E2 being 1000-fold more potent than the corresponding PGFs. The release of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) remains unchanged upon addition of PGEs. While the basal release of thyrotropin (TSH) is only slightly stimulated by concentrations of PGEs above 10(-6)M, an important potentiation of the stimulatory effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on TSH release is observed. The release of GH, TSH and LH is stimulated equally well by PGAs and PGBs at concentrations higher than 10(-6)M, 3 X 10(-6)M, and 10(-5)M, respectively. PGFs do not affect the release of any of the measured pituitary hormones at concentrations below 10(-4)M. The stimulation of GH release by PGE2 can be inhibited by the PG antagonist 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid, a half-maximal inhibition being found at a concentration of 4 X 10(-5)M of the antagonist in the presence of 10(-6)M PGE2. In the presence of somatostatin 10(-8)M, the inhibition of GH release cannot be reversed by PGE2 at concentrations up to 10(-4)M. 8-bromo cyclic AMP-induced GH release is additive with that produced by PGE2. The present data show that 1) of the five pituitary hormones measured, only GH release is stimulated by prostaglandins at relatively low concentrations, 2) the PGE-induced GH release can be competitively inhibited by 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid, 3) the inhibition of GH release by somatostatin cannot be reversed by PGE2 and 4) the PGEs increase the responsiveness of the thyrotrophs to TRH. PMID- 817372 TI - Chlorpromazine excretion in chronically dosed primates. I. Occurrence of a previously unreported class of chlorpromazine conjugates. AB - The use of tritiated chlorpromazine to correlate total excretion of radioactivity with characterization of the radioactive metabolites had shown a substantial discrepancy. While radioactivity was totally excreted and accounted for within three weeks, recognizable chlorpromazine metabolites represented only about two thirds of the radioactivity in any given sample. To rule out tritium exchange, 14C-labeled chlorpromazine was administered to Rhesus monkeys. The same discrepancy was observed, primarily in the conjugated drug fraction. Therefore, all unconjugated chlorpromazine metabolites were exhaustively extracted, and an alkaline hydrolysis performed. The aglycones liberated thereby were again carefully removed, and the residual aqueous fraction was subjected to an acid hydrolysis. This procedure yielded an additional group of known and unknown phenolic chlorpromazine aglycones, representing approximately one third of the radioactivity in the whole urine. Preliminary trials on urine pools of patients chronically dosed with chlorpromazine yielded essentially the same results. The structure of this new class of chlorpromazine conjugates has not yet been elucidated, nor is the ligand known at this time. A glucoside-type bond may characterize this significant class of chlorpromazine. PMID- 817371 TI - [Value of direct examination and culture examination in the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 817373 TI - Synthetic thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) administered orally to chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Synthetic TRH and PL were administered orally for 3 weeks (300 mg./day), to long term institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients, within the framework of a double blind placebo controlled crossover study. Significant changes in physiological and laboratory parameters suggested increased thyroid activity, but significant favorable psychiatric and behavioral changes were not observed. This study does not support the idea that oral TRH could be useful treatment for long term institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients, who generally respond readily to major neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 817374 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its beta-alanine analogue: potentiation of the anticonvulsant potency of phenobarbital in mice. AB - Previous work has demonstrated that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its beta-alanine analogue (beta-ala TRH) are potent antagonists of barbiturate induced sedation. This study sought to determine the effects of these oligopeptides on the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test. Pro-leu-gly-NH2, another hypothalmic peptide was also examined. None of the peptides studied had any anticonvulsant properties of their own, but TRH and beta-ala TRH, though not pro-leu-gly-NH2, potentiated the anticonvulsant potency of phenobarbital. Thyrotropin (TSH) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) were in effective, suggesting that the effects observed with TRH are not mediated via the pituitary-thyroid axis. Since phenobarbital treatment of grand mal epilepsy is often limited by sedation and since TRH antogonizes sedation and enhances anticonvulsant effects of the barbiturate, the hormone or a congener may find value as an adjunct in therapy. PMID- 817375 TI - In vivo protein synthesis in morphine tolerant monkey brain. AB - Most investigations dealing with brain protein synthesis in opiate tolerant animals have been restricted to rodent species (rat, mouse and rabbit). We now report data obtained from the monkey (Macaca mulatta). In vivo incorporation of [U-14C]lysine into acid-precipitable protein of various areas of normal and opiate tolerant primate brain was studied. Exposure of the animals to a 1 hour pulse of the radioactive amino acid resulted in no significant difference in the incorporation rate into protein of 16 discrete brain areas. PMID- 817376 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced hyperthermia and behavioral excitation in rabbits. AB - The intraventricular administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to conscious rabbits produces a dose-related increase in body temperature, a compulsive scratching syndrome, and behavioral excitation. These effects are not antagonized by most adrenergic or serotonergic blockers, amine depletors, or most depressants. Given to rabbits pretreated with anesthetic doses of barbiturates or high doses of other sedatives or neuroleptics, TRH exerts an analeptic effect. The duration of pentobarbital anesthesia is markedly shortened. Of all the depressants tested, only morphine was resistant to the analeptic effect of TRH, although the morphine-induced hypothermia was reversed. PMID- 817377 TI - Modern concepts in electrophysiology for psychiatry. AB - The emergence of specific concepts of possible neuronal pathophysiology in mental disorders has recently been accelerated by the realization that the central catecholamine and indoleamine pathways show potent and widespread actions in animal experiments. These functional properties have been characterized in part by new methods of neuronal circuit analysis, more specific methods of neuronal cytochemistry, and by extensive exploitation of more classical electrophysiological methodologies for the assessment of synaptic transmitter identification and mechanism, the results of experiments at the cellular level have permitted additional studies to be done on the possible behavioral significance of the events regulated by monamines in the awake animal, When the cytochemical and electrophysiological and behavioral exeriments are considered as connected aspects of the same brain sub-systems, then the simple electrophysiological concepts of excitation and inhibition seem inadequate to explain the integrative, amplifying and biochemical actions which can be performed by experimental manipulation of central monamine pathways. PMID- 817378 TI - Investigation of thyroid diseases. PMID- 817379 TI - The establishment of Theileria-infected cell lines from an eland (Taurotragus oryx, Lydekker 1906). AB - Five cell lines infected with theilerial schizonts were established from lymph node biopsy samples and peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes taken from a sick eland (Taurotragus oryx). In four of the cell lines the schizonts were seen in lymphoblastoid cells, which grew in suspension. The fifth cell line grew as a monolayer and the schizonts were seen to be infecting monocytic macrophage-like cells. Many infected multinucleate cells were seen in this culture. It is possible that this represents the first successful cultivation of a member of the genus Cytauxzoon. PMID- 817380 TI - Use of double immuno-diffusion (Ouchterlony) test for the diagnosis of swine vesicular disease. AB - The use of double immuno-diffusion (DID) for the diagnosis and serological survey of swine vesicular disease (SVD) is described and results are compared with those of serum-neutralisation tests. PMID- 817381 TI - A survey for swine vesicular disease antibody in pigs in Northern Ireland. AB - One thousand pig sera from Northern Ireland were tested using the radial immuno diffusion (RID) test for antibody to swine vesicular disease (SVD) virus. Sera showing precipitation in RID were further tested by serum neutralisation (SN) and double immuno-diffusion (DID) tests. The results of the RID test showed low levels of antibody present. However, SN and DID tests did not prive the specificity of this antibody. It was concluded that the low levels of antibody detected by the RID tests were not caused by subclinical levels of SVD in the pig population in Northern Ireland. PMID- 817382 TI - [Activity of lipoprotein lipase in vivo in the chronic form of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 817383 TI - Uptake of fluorochrome-labelled exotoxins by different cell types in culture. AB - The uptake of diphtheria toxin and of Staphylococcus alpha-toxin by two different human cell types cultured in vitro (the HEp-2 continuous cell line and human adult hepatocytes) was studied by fluorescence microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. The behavior of these two bacterial exotoxins was quite different. Diphtheria toxin was incorporated into cells by pinocytosis, whereas alpha hemolysin penetrated into the cytoplasm probably through lesions in the cell membrane. In addition, the penetration of diphtheria toxin into the cells was not inhibited by specific antiserum, whereas anti-alpha-haemolysin inhibited the penetration of alpha-tpxin through the cell membrane. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 817384 TI - Treatment of perennial rhinitis with 2% solution of sodium cromoglycate. AB - This trial has demonstrated that S.C.G. is significantly better than placebo and therefore that a 2% solution of S.C.G. is effective in the treatment of perennial rhinitis. It would appear that better results can be obtained in patients who have a demonstrable allergic aetiology with a nasal eosinophilia. PMID- 817385 TI - [Clinical, biological and histological effects of ethane-1-hydroxy 1, 1 diphosphonate (EDHP) in Paget's disease]. AB - The diphosphonates are analogues of the pyrophosphates that are capable of resisting enzymatic destruction and they become fixed in the bone tissue where they have a powerful inhibitory action on osteoclastic resorption and on osteoid mineralization. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EDHP) was administered by mouth at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day over a period of 3 to 6 months to 11 patients with painful Paget's disease. A marked analgesic effect was noted in 7 of the 11 patients. Spectacular metabolic effects were noted with return to normal of the total hydroxyprolinuria/24 h and of the alkaline phosphatases 3 months after treatment in 6 of the 11 treated subjects and a marked improvement in these parameters in 4 other patients. Histologically, there was almost total disappearance of osteoclasia and of osteoblastosis in the affected areas. Clinically, the secondary effects presented in some cases as diarrhoea, and an early and marked rise in phosphoraemia was recorded. Histologically, hyperosteoidosis was seen, equally in the affected and nonaffected zones. This resulted from an almost complete stoppage in the calcification of the osteoid as indicated by the double labelling by tetracycline. The review of the literature shows that considerable therapeutic effects are obtained even with very small doses of EHDP, e.g., 10 mg/kg/day for 3 months, but that these are often accompanied by more marked secondary effects. The diphosphonates appear to be a promising treatment for Paget's disease. PMID- 817387 TI - [Aspects of the pathology of the arm after irradiation of breast cancer]. AB - The complications of modern surgical and radiotherapeutic methods of treating mammary neoplasms are studied on the basis of 36 cases. Although swollen arms are rare nowdays following the development of greater pectoral conservative mammectomy, lesions of the shoulder and post-radiotherapy plexal paralysis represent a heavy price to pay for these methods. Shoulder lesions are of two types with different prognosis : scapulo-humeral periarthritis, which is very frequent (22 cases) and related to post-radiotherapy axillary fibrosis, and glenohumeral radio lesions (2 cases), which result in blockage of the humeral head because of necrosis. The brachial plexus may be injured by high-energy irradiation. These pathological conditions of the plexus (11 cases), often associated with a painful syndrome that is intolerable, objective sensory disorders, and a motor deficiency that is poorly systematized, are difficult to differentiate clinically from cases of paralysis resulting from invasive neoplasms. Often it is possible to distinguish between them only by means of biopsy, which is difficult. Therapy of these plexopathies is difficult and is usually palliative, necessitating, in particular, the use of neurosurgery of the pain (radicotomies and cordotomies) rather than of neurolyses, the results of which are disappointing. PMID- 817386 TI - [Acute polyarthritis in Yersinia enterocolitica infection. 4 cases in Belgium]. AB - Four cases in acute polyarthritis observed in Belgium, secondary to infection with Yersinia enterocolitica are reported. Apart from in Finland, where the frequency of yersinian rheumatism appears to be equal to that of Bouillaud's disease, these published cases are exceptional. This might appear surprising when it is realized that Yersinia is endemic in Western Europe and in other parts of the world and that alimentary manifestations are not rare and are now well known. This polyarthritis presents as an aspecific oligo-arthritis that is often preceded by acute enteritis and resolves itself spontaneously in several months. Determination of specific agglutinins is the basis of diagnosis. Twice the authors noted a temporary gonoreaction associated with an increase in the anti Yersinia agglutinins. The few cases presented will help in the recognition of this new form of acute polyarthritis, which may be included among the infectious rheumatisms, and which is probably more frequent than it appears from reading the rheumatological literature. PMID- 817389 TI - [Ecological aspects of South American trypanosomiasis. VII. Permanence and mobility of Triatoma sordida in relation to artificial ecotopes]. PMID- 817388 TI - [Melorheostosis in adults. Apropos of 2 cases, 1 of them treated with diphosphonate (EHDP)]. AB - The authors report two cases of melorheostosis discovered in adults because of fairly intense pain and deformation of the affected limb. The radiological appearances were typical. Isotope bone scintigraphy showed strong hyperfixation in the affected bones. A histomorphometric study of a double iliac bone biopsy showed on the one hand, cortical hypertrophy, normal osteonic architecture, and normal lamellar texture in the pathological regions, and, on the other hand, the dynamic character of the healthy bone close the lesions. In one of the patients an original attempt at treatment with diphosphonate (1 200 mg/day of EHDP for 5 months) resulted in a clear improvement in the bone pain. The disease is considered to be a mesodermic dystrophy. It seems to be due to strong hyperactivity of the subperiosteal bone accretion, which, normally, persists only at a weak level in adults. PMID- 817390 TI - [Comparison between 2 serologic technics applied to the study of blood sucked by Triatominae]. PMID- 817391 TI - Immunoglobulins in fluid from non-keratinizing jaw cysts. AB - Thirty-six fluids from non-keratinizing jaw cysts have been examined together with autologous sera by immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion in agar or agrose gels. Except for one cyst fluid which contained electrophoretically homogeneous ("monoclonal") IgG of the kappa type together with free kappa chains, IgG of cyst fluid was electrophoretically heterogeneous. For the most, IgA of cyst fluid migrated more slowly than IgA of serum, whereas the IgM migrated similarly. The three immunoglobulins showed reactions of antigenic identity with the corresponding Ig classes of serum when examined with rabbit antisera against human IgG, IgA, and IgM. Fluid from the median palatine cyst contained secretory component, which showed a reaction of identity with free secretory component isolated from human saliva, and probably also IgA of the secretory type. Two cyst fluids also precipitated a component in rabbit serum. PMID- 817393 TI - [Polyneuropathy in Waldenstrom's disease]. AB - The clinical course and biopsy and autopsy findings in a patient with asymmetrical polyneuropathy in Waldenstrom's disease are reported. Under steroid therapy the patient developed mild diabetes mellitus. In the light of the course of the disease, a causal relationship between the hematologic disease and the peripheral neuropathy is assumed. Although a peripheral nerve could not be examined on autopsy, strong lymphocytic infiltration in the autonomic nerves seems to point to a similar pathogenetic mechanism in the development of polyneuropathy. The other possible causal factors are discussed with reference to the small number of reports in the literature. PMID- 817392 TI - [Differential diagnostic difficulties in myoclonic-astatic petit mal status]. AB - Myoclonic-astatic attack syndromes tend more than other attack forms to produce states. Their clinical picture can be various and therefore cause differential diagnostic difficulties. On four own examples they are referred to. Most frequently it will be necessary to differentiate the hardly adjustable attack syndrome from on overdose of anticonvulsives. Also the state of absences, the state of psychomotoric attacks, and the impulsive-petit-mal state can make differential-diagnostic difficulties. Furthermore, additional encephalitic processes with cerebral decompensation in anyway injured children, and the myoclonic variants of familial amaurotic idiocy are to be to consider. An EEG examination is indispensable; consideration of the total situtation, observation of the course, and recording of the actual findings are necessary. PMID- 817394 TI - The financing of national health insurance. PMID- 817395 TI - [Curative radiotherapy of primary bronchial cancers (follow-up of more than 5 years). Requirements for success]. PMID- 817396 TI - The medical profession and health insurance: an Ontario case study. PMID- 817398 TI - Editorial: The new cataract surgery: phacoemulsification. PMID- 817397 TI - Alternatives to "modern" health delivery systems in Africa: public policy issues of traditional health systems. PMID- 817399 TI - Alkalosis and seizure due to a cation-exchange resin and magnesium hydroxide. AB - A patient with chronic renal failure received sodium polystyrene sulfonate and magnesium hydroxide for the treatment of hyperkalemia. This combination therapy produced a severe metabolic alkalosis which, in the presence of the patient's chronic hypocalcemia, precipitated a grand mal seizure. PMID- 817401 TI - The influence of changes in arterial CO2 and blood pressure on the collateral circulation and the regional perfusion pressure in monkeys with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. AB - In 7 baboons and 5 macaques the effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, hypertension, and combinations of hypertension plus hypocapnia and of hypertension plus hypercapnia on the regional perfusion pressure (rPP) in the brain area rendered ischaemic by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were studied. A new technique for recording the pressure in the occluded MCA was used. The regional tissure pressure (rTP) was recorded with the so called wick type pressure transducers. Hypercapnia produced a marked decrease in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. Hypertension, especially in combination with hypocapnia, produced a very pronounced increase in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Occlusion of the homolateral common carotid artery (CCA) was followed by a very slight and transient drop in the occluded MCA pressure. Occlusion of the occluded MCA pressure. PMID- 817400 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of mycetoma and its sensitivity as compared to immunodiffusion. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis used for the diagnosis of mycetoma was found superior to immunodiffusion (ID) especially when using neat serum and 1:2 dilution (P=less than 0.0001 with neat serum; and less than 0.01 with 1:2 dilution). It is recommended for routine use in mycology laboratories for following up patients on treatment and for confirming the diagnosis of sera that are weakly positive by ID. PMID- 817402 TI - [Anaemia in monoclonal gammopathy patients. Radio-isotopical assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 817403 TI - Physiologic considerations in the newborn surgical patient. PMID- 817404 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in infants and children: central and peripheral approaches. PMID- 817405 TI - Radiation-induced meningioma: with review of literature. AB - A case of tentorial meningioma occurring 12 years after radiation therapy for a verified craniopharyngioma is presented. The pertinent literature is reviewed and it is concluded that irradiation of the brain may be responsible for the late development of intracranial meningiomas, which are less common, however, than sarcomas. A long survival after irradiation, "misregeneration" in the chronic inflammatory processes induced by irradiation, and an immunodeficiency caused by irradiation and other factors, may play some role in developing oncogenesis. PMID- 817406 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. AB - The authors review the symptomatic and genetic aspects of the various entities of isolated retinitis pigmentosa (R.P), both in its typical form and in the forms associated with the affection of other ocular tissues. Syndromes in which R. P. is associated with the affection of other organs and systemic disorders are also cconsidered. Origin, diagnosis and the course of the disease are discussed with regard to electrophysiology, histopathology, fluorescein angiography and biochemistry. Animal research has provided new realizations about the ultrastructure and physiological mechanisms of retinal photoreceptors, and better understanding of abnormal changes. The possible pathogenesis of the human disease, based on research findings, is onsidered. Although R.P. is generally thought to be to be an "untreatable" disease, therapy may be effective in several pathological entities. Methods and results of therapy with vitamins, light deprivation and vision aids are discussed. PMID- 817407 TI - Current and proposed management of ocular herpes simplex. AB - Current and proposed methods of management of ocular herpetic epithelial disease are reviewed with particular attention to the methods, efficacy and side effects of mechanical debridement, chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and photoinactivation. Special types of herpetic ulceration, including steroid-induced, resistant, indolent, and recurrent ulcers are discussed. PMID- 817408 TI - [Osteochondrodystrophy in adults]. PMID- 817409 TI - [Electrophoretic mobility and antigenic properties of lipoproteins in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 817411 TI - [General education and information gives long term care greater status]. PMID- 817412 TI - [Malmo's continued education in long term care]. PMID- 817410 TI - Purification of factor XII (Hageman factor) from human plasma. PMID- 817413 TI - [Pancreatic abscess and acute diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 817414 TI - Reconstruction of oral cavity of Tetrahymena pyriformis utilizing high voltage electron microscopy. AB - Reconstruction of the oral cavity from 17 0.5 mum thick serial sections observed with a high voltage electron microscope (JEM-1000, operated at 1000 kV) has enabled us to describe the in situ shape of the cavity, the orientation of the membranelles, oral ribs, cytostomal lip and forming food vacuole of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The study also showed that many different sets of microtubules encircle the oral cavity forming an interwoven, basket-like structure around the cavity thus providing it with considerable structural rigidity. By correlating results obtained from the reconstruction with results obtained from scanning electron microscopy and freeze-fracturing we have been able to elucidate the probable mechanism of how food particles are propelled into and through the oral cavity. PMID- 817415 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in Tetrahymena pyriformis induced by growth on saturated phospholipids at 40.1 degrees C. AB - Structural changes in Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-14, induced by growth on saturated phospholipids at 40.1 degrees C, uere studied by electron microscopy. Alterations in the ultrastructural organizations of the cell membrane and surface regions were common. These alterations were characterized in the displacement of kinetosomes, the spatial disorientation and disorganization of cortical ridges and grooves, and the spatial disorientation of longitudal and transverse microtubular ribbons. Irregular surface protrusions and multiple invaginations of alveolar membranes were among the most common features encountered. Disorganization of longitudinal microtubular ribbons was also a frequent encounter. The integrity of the ultrastructure of cell surface membranes and of the internal organization and ultrastructure of the kinetosomes, however, appeared to be unaltered. Other alterations included those of a number of cytoplasmic organelles (e.g. mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), which showed characteristic changes in the structural patterns. PMID- 817416 TI - Studies on cafe au lait spots in neurofibromatosis and pigmented macules of nevus spilus. AB - Cafe au lait spots from 14 Japanese patients with neurofibromatosis and nevus spilus from 9 Japanese patients were subjected to the studies on the differences in nature of their melanocytes. When the number of melanocytes of the pigmented lesions was compared with that of the surrounding normal skin, the former was always increased and that of cafe au lait spot was higher than that of nevus spilus. Giant pigment granules were recognized only in 6 patients out of 14 with neurofibromatosis but not in nevus spilus examined. 2 days after UV irradiation at 4 MED, the number of melanocytes was increased in both surrounding normal skin and pigmented lesion, and the rates of increase were lower in the pigmented lesion. Under the electron microscope, melanocytes in cafe au lait spots which received an ultraviolet light irradiation showed various changes in their cytoplasm; a development of dendrites containing many mature melanosomes, an increased number of cytoplasmic vacuoles and mitochondria, a development of Golgi apparatus in their cytoplasm, appearances of some dense-bodies and of autophagosomal melanosome-complexes. In nevus spilus, the same kind of changes occurred, but they were moderate compared with those developed in cafe au lait spots. Melanosomes in the keratinocytes of cafe au lait spots tended to come together around the nucleus and to form melanosome-complexes; while, melanosomes in the keratinocytes of nevus spilus seemed to be single-dispersed after irradiation. The causative factors of the hyperpigmentation and the different reactivity of melanocytes against UV irradiation in these two pigmented macules were discussed. PMID- 817417 TI - Relationship between precipitate volume and antigen weight in immunodiffusion. AB - Immunodiffusion of antigen from conic and cylindrical wells of various sizes in thick antiserum gel plate was studied. The shape of precipitate was affected by the shape and size of the well and by the antigen weight. In the test of anti rabbit serum agar plate, albumin concentration ranged from 2 to 25 mg/ml, and the maximal albumin weight was 15.8 times the minimal one. In this case, regression line and standard deviation (S.D.) were calculated from antigen weight (x) and standardized data (y1) of precipitate volume, and from antigen weight and standardized data (y2) of precipitation ring area, and the following results were obtained: y1=0.006x-1.611, S.D.=0.092 for the former and y2=0.005x-1.546, S.D.=0.295, for the latter. In the test of agar plates containing anti-carbonic anhydrase B (CA B), the maximal concentration and weight of CA B was 16.7 times and 18.3 times the minimal one, respectively. In this case, regression line and standard deviation obtained from the CA B weight (x) and the standardized data (y3) of the precipitate volume, and from the weight (x) and the standardized data (y4) of the precipitation ring area were as follows: y3=0.146x-1.754, S.D.=0.208, and y4=0.104x-1.251, S.D.=0.717, respectively. There was a clearer linearity in the relationship between the precipitate volume and the antigen weight than in that between the ring area and the antigen weight. In the gel medium, antigen concentration gave no influences on antigen quantitation at the end point of antigen diffusion in a wide range. PMID- 817418 TI - Visual discrimination in monkey with removal of inferotemporal cortex. AB - The monkey with removal of the inferotemporal cortex (IT monkey) showed a marked impairment of discrimination between a pair of visual pattern stimuli, which consisted of different patterns on the identical background [corrected] plaques. The present study showed that an IT monkey, unlike an unoperated normal monkey, performed discrimination with utilizing a partial cue within the whole configuration of pattern stimuli. In contrast to a general concept, the present finding appears to raise a question as to whether the IT monkey can perceive or identify visual pattern. PMID- 817419 TI - Persistent effects of sarin and dieldrin upon the primate electroencephalogram. PMID- 817420 TI - Thermoregulation in mice treated with parathion, carbaryl, or DDT. PMID- 817421 TI - Proliferation of type II alveolar cells: a review of common responses in toxic lung injury. PMID- 817423 TI - [Neutron dosimetry in a 17-MeV betatron]. AB - Measurements of neutron radiation around the 17 MeV betatron at the radiation clinic of the University Dusseldorf are reported. Two figures present isodose distributions of neutrons under different conditions of irradiation. PMID- 817422 TI - Enhancement of microsomal monooxygenase, epoxide hydrase and UDPglucuronyltransferase by aldrin, dieldrin and isosafrole administrations in rat liver. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal administration of aldrin (10 mg/kg), dieldrin (10 mg/kg) and isosafrole (50 mg/kg) were investigated on the activities of drug biotransformation enzymes in rat liver. All the compounds studied were found to enhance the activities of microsomal monooxygenase (e.g. p-nitroanisole O demethylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase), epoxide hydrase (styrene oxide as substrate) and UDPglucuronyltransferase (p-nitrophenol as aglycone). Dieldrin, the epoxidized derivative aldrin, the eposidized derivative of aldrin, was a more potent inducer than the parent compound itself. NADPH CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE ACTIVITY WAS EHANCED 2.5-FOLD, P-NITROANISOLE O-demethylase 7-fold, benzpyrene hydroxylase 2-fold, and epoxide hydrase 5-fold after treating rats with dieldrin for 6 days. The increase in activity of the microsomal UDPglucuronyltransferase could be only detected after an in vitro digitonin treatment of microsomal membranes, the enhancement being about 1.5-fold after administering dieldrin for 6 days. The administration of isosafrole to rats increased especially p nitroanisole O-demethylase activity in liver microsomes (10-fold in 3 days). NADPH cytochrome c reducatase activkty was increased 2-fold, cytochrome P-450 content 1.2-fold, benzpyrene hydrozylase activity 2.5-fold and epoxide hydrase activity 1.2-fold after treatment of rats for 3 days. UDPglucuronyltransferase activity increased 2.2-fold by treating rats for 6 days with isosafrole. This increase was, however, only to be seen in in vitro digitonin-activated microsomes due to the latency of UDPglucuronyltransferase. PMID- 817424 TI - Limitations of diazoxide reversal of vasospasm. AB - Diazoxide failed to safely relieve cerebral vasospasm by intracisternal injections in dogs and by intracarotid injections in monkeys despite in vitro documentation of arterial relaxation with this agent. Administration of the drug frequently produced hypotension and, in the presence of vasospasm, was associated with a high mortality rate. PMID- 817425 TI - Neurogenic cerebral vasodilation from electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in the monkey. AB - The effect of stimulation of fastigial nucleus (FN) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in anesthetized, paralyzed monkeys. CBF was measured with a flow transducer chemically implanted on the left common carotid artery. The left external carotid artery and its branches were ligated. Electrical stimulation of the fastigal nucleus produced rapid (within two seconds) increases in arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate. Mean carotid blood flow (MCBF) rose 77% (+/- 40% SEM) above control and followed the increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Calculated cerebrovascular resistance decreased immediately by 27% (+/- 14% SEM) below control. The increases in MCBF were not caused by a passively responding cerebrovascular bed (CVB) resulting from the stimulation or trauma to the vessels. Cerebral metabolism was not altered during stimulation as determined from the arteriovenous oxygen content difference. CBF autoregulation was still present with stimulation of the fastigial nucleus. The autoregulatory curve was shifted to a higher flow level. During the initial MAP changes in sympathectomized animals, MCBF increased to a greater extent than in the innervated animals, suggesting the presence of two neurogenic vasodilatory systems. It appears that electrical stimulation of the fastigial nucleus inhibits sympathetic tone and increases parasympathetic activity to the CVB, resulting in vasodilation and an increase in MCBF. PMID- 817426 TI - Chadwick lecture. Cerebral malaria--the quest for suitable experimental models in parasitic diseases of man. PMID- 817427 TI - Problems of child health in a Peruvian shanty town. AB - The basic child-health problems in the shanty towns of Lima are protein-calorie malnutrition and infectious disease. The background of social, economic and cultural conditionsa are related to these main health problems. The basic problems are poverty, lack of sewage disposal and running water, and the maldistribution of public expenditure between city and countryside on one hand and curative and preventive medicine on the other. Despite official statistics, which show a steadily decreasing infant mortality rate in Peru, and all other Latin American countries, it seems that the Infant Mortality Rate is almost twice the official states rate. Health education, particularly in nutritional matters, is not adapted to indigenous foods and customs, but attempts to promote westernized conceptrs. Medical care in Peru is by large directed to the needs of the middle class, and the middle class by and large dictates the type of medical care available. PMID- 817428 TI - Village-level production of supplementary food (Indo-Dutch Project for Child Welfare, Hyderabad). PMID- 817429 TI - [Influence of hypophosphatemia on erythrocyte metabolism in diabetic keto acidosis]. PMID- 817430 TI - Morphological stability in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 817431 TI - Ethinyl estradiol: long term effects on bile acid kinetics in the baboon. PMID- 817432 TI - [Biochemical shifts in experimental uveitis as a guideline for clinical studies]. PMID- 817433 TI - [Use of a mechanical suture in operations on the liver and the biliary tract]. AB - Based on 93 observations on application of a mechanic suture for vesico-digestive anastomoses and anastomoses between the hepatocholedochus and duodenum, it has been found that these operations have a number of advantages over routinely used procedures and could be employed in everyday surgical practice, thus facilitating technical accomplishment of surgical procedures on bile passages. PMID- 817434 TI - Clinical application of DMSO by veterinarians in Oregon & Washington. PMID- 817435 TI - Internal fixation of humeral fractures in rhesus monkeys (Mucaca mulatta). PMID- 817436 TI - Tilazoltm (CI-744): a new agent for chemical restraint and anesthesia in nonhuman primates. PMID- 817438 TI - Sporicidal activity of peracetic acid against B anthracis spores. AB - The sporicidal effect of peracetic acid on Bacillus anthracis spores was investigated. A complete sporicidal effect was observed at a concentration of 3 per cent. This concentration is recommended for the treatment of infected pastures and soil. PMID- 817437 TI - A complement fixation method for quantitative differentiation of reactions to 45/20 vaccine and Brucella infection. AB - Brucella complement fixing antibodies may be titrated independently in adult vaccinated (strain 45/20) and in naturally infected cattle by serological tests utilizing a specially prepared antigen. Serum samples are subjected to the standard complement fixation test for the diagnosis of brucellosis (MacKinnon 1963) and subsequently retested by the same method but with a saline extract antigen prepared from strain 45/20 Brucella abortus. The results obtained in the two tests are compared in five specific categories of brucella reactors. An evaluation and discussion of the test method, on the basis of the results obtained, indicates that informed diagnoses can be made in parallel with a continuous adult vaccination programme. PMID- 817439 TI - [Medical care to children under 1 year old]. PMID- 817440 TI - [Burns in children]. PMID- 817441 TI - [Care of dystrophic children]. PMID- 817442 TI - [Antidyslipidemia action of muscular activity]. PMID- 817443 TI - [Physiopathology of erythrocytes]. PMID- 817444 TI - [A new product for disinfection of floors in hospital units]. PMID- 817445 TI - [Theoretical and practical aspects of the influenza problem]. PMID- 817446 TI - [Emergency measures in the prevention of various zoonoses: tetanus and rabies]. PMID- 817447 TI - [Dynamics of bacterial level during the course of a long surgical intervention]. PMID- 817449 TI - [Postoperative infection in aseptic orthopedic traumatology surgery]. PMID- 817448 TI - [The prevention of in-hospital infections]. PMID- 817450 TI - [Practical method for cleaning surgical instruments]. PMID- 817451 TI - [Prevention of congenital malformations]. PMID- 817453 TI - [Health education: preoccupation of the paramedical staff]. PMID- 817452 TI - [Nutrition in pregnancy]. PMID- 817454 TI - [Health education in industrial and professional chemical schools]. PMID- 817456 TI - [Role of auxiliary personnel in the psycho-affective development of the nursing infant in collectives]. PMID- 817455 TI - [Contribution of the school of Cluj to the orientation in Romanian pediatrics between the two world wars (1919-1940)]. PMID- 817457 TI - [Method of parenteral rehydration of the nursing infant]. PMID- 817458 TI - [Care given to the comatose child]. PMID- 817459 TI - [Care given to the premature infant at birth]. PMID- 817460 TI - [Peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 817461 TI - [Occupational therapy in the hospital]. PMID- 817462 TI - [Child education in child care centers]. PMID- 817463 TI - [Transfusion of blood and its derivatives - advances and perspectives]. PMID- 817464 TI - [Significance of the lupus cell (Hargraves' cell) in patients with disseminated lupus erythromatosus and/or other collagen diseases]. PMID- 817465 TI - [Scholastic difficulties and professional orientation in children with cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 817466 TI - [The first national medical congresses after the first World War on the problems of child and maternal welfare]. PMID- 817467 TI - [Aspects concerning the etiology of cardiac rhythm disorders encountered in aeronavigation personnel]. PMID- 817468 TI - [Allergy; allergic accidents and their prevention in the anesthesia and intensive care units]. PMID- 817469 TI - [Detection of tuberculosis infection in infants and toddlers]. PMID- 817470 TI - [Nutrition of the diabetic child in the hospital and at home]. PMID- 817471 TI - [Prematurity and dystrophy in the under-1-year-old child]. PMID- 817473 TI - [Health education in the framework of school health service activities]. PMID- 817472 TI - [Analysis of the morbidity of infants in different environmental conditions in 2 urban health districts]. PMID- 817474 TI - [Contribution of hospital paramedical personnel to the health education of hospitalized mothers]. PMID- 817475 TI - [The role of health quarantine on the Danube in the 18th and 19th centuries]. PMID- 817476 TI - [Psychology of the hospitalized child]. PMID- 817477 TI - [Emergencies occurring during radiologic examinations]. PMID- 817478 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial food poisoning]. PMID- 817479 TI - [Aspects of the organization of activities based on ergonomic principles in the prevention of in-hospital infections]. PMID- 817480 TI - [The diagnostic value of crying and agitation in children]. PMID- 817481 TI - [Prevention of in-hospital infections]. PMID- 817482 TI - [The French medical mission in the 1916-1918 war]. PMID- 817483 TI - [Effects of oxygenation failure in flight]. PMID- 817484 TI - [Treatment of acute poisoning]. PMID- 817485 TI - [Care and hydration of infants with digestive disorders]. PMID- 817486 TI - [Care and treatment of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 817487 TI - [Tasks of obstetric-gynecologic assistants and of the midwife in the prevention of infant mortality]. PMID- 817488 TI - [Monitoring of cardiac patients]. PMID- 817489 TI - [Prevention of in-hospital infections]. PMID- 817490 TI - [Improvement of hygienic conditions in a cement factory]. PMID- 817491 TI - [Health education of the population]. PMID- 817493 TI - [Problems in the treatment of burn patients]. PMID- 817492 TI - [Activities of the Filantropia Bucharest Hospital during the War of Independence (1877-1878)]. PMID- 817494 TI - [Scope of visits made by social welfare assistants with newborn infants]. PMID- 817495 TI - [Epidemiological survey of contact cases of tuberculosis]. PMID- 817496 TI - [Always on duty]. PMID- 817497 TI - [Early exchange transfusion - important factor in the treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 817498 TI - [Characteristics of and needs in the care of aged patients]. PMID- 817500 TI - [Dietetics in digestive system disorders]. PMID- 817499 TI - [First aid treatment in wounds]. PMID- 817501 TI - [Problems of ethics and deontology in medical care of infants]. PMID- 817502 TI - [The profilactic and therapeutic attitude in abortion]. PMID- 817503 TI - [Surveillance of pregnant women with Rh factors and blood group incompatibility]. PMID- 817504 TI - [Role of paramedical personnel in the application of psychotherapeutic measures in neurotic patients]. PMID- 817505 TI - [Evolution and prognosis of patients with premature labor with high obstetric risk]. PMID- 817506 TI - Virus-induced modifications in the immunogenicity of red blood cells. AB - Studies of the immunogenicity of red blood cells (RBC) modified by interaction with viral agents show that measles hemagglutinin or adsorption-elution of influenza virus are able to induce modifications in the RBC immunogenicity, consisting in a depression of antibody synthesis and in a stimulation of the cell mediated immune response. The modifications depend on the extent to which RBC surface-bound viral antigens would mask the erythrocyte antigenic determinants. PMID- 817507 TI - Buoyant density in cesium chloride of the human reoviruslike agent of infantile gastroenteritis by ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and complement fixation. PMID- 817508 TI - Light transmission of cat and monkey eyelids. PMID- 817509 TI - [Response of the thyrotropic hormone after oral administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with disorders of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 817510 TI - [Hydric epidemics of paratyphoid B at Bitolj in 1973]. PMID- 817511 TI - [Advances in the study of the cytogenetics of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 817512 TI - [Secretory function of the stomach and small-intestinal absorption during tube feeding of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 817513 TI - [Studies on the antimicrobial properties of some Bulgarian essential oils]. PMID- 817514 TI - Ganglioneuroma associated with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 817515 TI - [Case of neurofibromatosis of the chin in von Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 817517 TI - Health economics. Report on a WHO interregional seminar. PMID- 817516 TI - Management of labor with feto-maternal serological incompatibility. PMID- 817518 TI - Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides. Twenty-second report of the WHO Expert Committee on Insecticides. PMID- 817519 TI - Statistical indices of family health. Report of a WHO Study Group. PMID- 817520 TI - Planning and evaluation of public dental health services. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 817523 TI - [A case of Franklin disease--gamma heavy chain disease]. AB - It is reported on a case of heavy chain disease in a 41-year-old man. It is a special form of the malignant lymphoma. The clinical picture of our patient distinguishes itself by an extraordinarily long course (more than 10 years enlargement of the spleen, since more than 5 years hypogammaglobulinaemia), abdominal malignant lymphomas with hepatosplenomegaly and perhaps connected with this intermittingly appearing acute epigastric complaints as well as the signs of a severe immunoinsufficiency. Homogenic Fc-(gamma)fragments are proved only in the serum in a concentration of 0.8 g/100 ml. PMID- 817521 TI - [Metabolic effect of a carbohydrate combination during simultaneous amino acid infusion]. AB - During a period of 12 hours, eight normal subjects were infused with an electrolyte containing combined 24% carbohydrate solution of fructose, glucose, and xylitol at a ratio of 2:1:1 (Triofusin E 1000 Pfrimmer) with a rate of supply of 0.6 gm/kg/h. Lamino acids (Aminofusin L 10% carbohydrate-free Pfrimmer) were simultaneously administered at a rate of 0.1 gm/kg/h. The serum substrate concentrations of fructose, glucose and xylitol and their excretion were measured. The utilization of fructose was 99%, of glucose practically 100% and of xylitol 88%. In accordance with the slight glucose increase, the concentration of insulin also showed an only slight increase. An increased serum concentration of oxalate was not observed. Despite the infusion of a glycine containing amino acid mixture, the excretion of oxalic acid even decreased during the infusion. The dilution effect measured by means of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, total protein, and albumin was between 2 and 5%. The lactate concentration did not change significantly whereas hydroxy butyrate decreased significantly by the end of the infusion indicating the antiketogenic effect. A disturbance of fat metabolism was not observed as was indicated by the concentrations of neutral fat and cholesterol. The decrease of free glycerol cannot be clearly explained. A highly significant reduction of the serum uric acid concentration resulted from an increased renal elimination. The electrolyte concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium and phosphate showed only slight modifications. The concentration of potassium initially rose significantly within normal ranges. Sodium and chloride remained constant whereas calcium decreased slightly but not significantly and phosphate decreased significantly until the 12th hour. The serum transaminase and bilirubin concentrations did not show any change. During the permanent infusion, a respiratory alkalosis developed. The average urinary excretion was 134 ml per hour, the excretion of potassium was 6 mEq/h, of sodium 15 mEq/h, and of phosphate 27 mg/h. The utilazation of a combined carbohydrate solution was in the same range with or without the simultaneous application of amino acids. The reduction of the uric acid concentration and the absent increase of lactate, bilirubin and oxalate may be considered as an additional desirable effect of the simultaneous application of amino acids. PMID- 817524 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic questions on esophageal perforations]. AB - A report is given on three patients with a perforation of the oesophagus. The treatment was carried out without operative intervention. Also extended non transmural openings of the perforation close under conservative therapy. The profound diagnosis important for therapeutic considerations is emphasized. PMID- 817525 TI - [Postoperative pancreatitis]. AB - Incidence and extent of increased alpha-amylase concentration were examined in serum and urine following routine surgical intervention in the epigastrium. Only patients with non-specific clinical symptoms (n=49) and a control group who had undergone surgery for inguinal hernia (n=10) were included in the study. Patients previously subjected to gastric surgery (selective gastric vagotomy = 10, gastric resection according to Billroth I = 10) were significantly more often found to have results within a range usually considered pathological. Patients who had undergone surgery of the bile duct were markedly less affected. The diagnosis, based on the benefit of the hindsight, of a postoperative pancreatitis in cases where specific complaints and increased maylase concentration coincide does therefore not appear justified--particularly following gastric surgery. This becomes significant if a choice between various conservative treatments or relaparotomy is being considered. PMID- 817522 TI - [Studies on the pharmacokinetics of carbohydrates as a basis for their use in parenteral feeding]. AB - Metabolic effects of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylitol and their combinations during intravenous application in men were investigated. The totale and metabolic clearance, the renal and metabolic elimination, the half-time and the turnover rate were measured. For all sugars intravenous long-term infusions from six to twelve hours were performed. Up to a dosage of 0.75 g/kg/h for glucose 0.5 g/kg/h for sorbitol and 0.25 g/kg/h for fructose and xylitol a steady state of substrates and metabolites has been found. If these dosage-limits are exceeded during glucose application a hyperglucosemia, after sorbitol a continous rise in sorbitol blood level, during fructose a rise in lactate and during xylitol infusion clinical side effects occurred. It could be shown that during simultaneous application of glucose, fructose and xylitol the utilization of glucose rises whereas the utilization of fructose and xylitol remain on such levels as if these sugar were infused alone. PMID- 817526 TI - Egg-shell formation in Isoparorchis hypselobagri. AB - Egg-shell formation in Isoparorchis hypselobagri is descirbed. The egg-shell in Isoparorchis hypselobagri is colorless and transparent as in case of Diplodiscus mehrai (Madhavi, 1968). Eleven histochemical tests were used to elucidate the process and it was observed that the basic mechanism of egg-shell formation followed the quinone tanned system as all the three precursors i.e. proteins, phenols and phenolase were present in vitelline globules. PMID- 817527 TI - [Parameters for the measurement of long-term effects of an orally administered drug in organic and functional circulatory disorders. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 817528 TI - [Possibilities of decreasing the size of the surgical operation in the radical treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 817529 TI - Two gram single dose amoxycillin in treatment of gonococcal and other urethritides. AB - In a trial of 2 grams oral single dose of amoxycillin on 70 patients with acute gonococcal urethritis, 64 patients had full bacteriological cure, 4 patients were lost to follow up and presumed cured, two patients, still had gonococcal urethritis one week after treatment but one admitted to re-exposure and subsequently recovered with a second 2 gram single dose of "amoxil". Among 30 patients with non gonococcal Urethritis (N.G.U.) treated similarly, a fairly good response was obtained in those patients in whom Staph. Aureas was absent from the urethral discharge. However single dose therapy was considered unsuitable for non gonococcal urethritis. PMID- 817530 TI - [Microorganisms in gums. IV. Microbial degradation of plant exudates and seaweed extracts (author's transl)]. AB - The three plant exudates gum traganth, gum arabic, and gum karaya and the two seaweed extracts carrageenan and alginate were degraded by five different Bacilli which were isolated from these gums: Bacillus coagulans, B. lentus, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, and B. firmus. After 14 days all the gums have been degraded by these Bacilli to a different extent after addition of trace elements. The fractions of degraded gums by TLC, GLC, and IR-spectroscopy have been examined with the following results: 1. Except the already known monomers of the above mentioned gums no other monosaccharides could be found. 2. The microbial degradation of gum karaya and alginate resulted in products with a high molecularweight. Monomers could not be determined. 3. Carrageenan has been degraded to oligosaccharides with molecularweights of about 500, 3,6 anhydrogalactose has been partly identified. 4. Gum arabic has been partly degraded to rhamnose and arabinose. 5. Gum traganth has been partly degraded to arabinose and xylose and partly to polysaccharides with molecularweights under 3000. PMID- 817531 TI - Effect of antirheumatic drugs on cathepsin B1 from bovine spleen. AB - The inhibitory effect on cathepsin B1 of 39 antirheumatic and other agents has been studied. The enzyme was purified from bovine spleen (specific activity 2.8 units/ml/E280 unit) and the effect of the drugs measured by determining the decrease of enzyme activity towards BANA as substrate. Analgesics, antimalarials, cytostatic agents, steroids as well as d-penicillamine, colchicine, allopurinol, chlorzoxazone and chlorpromazine either had no effect on cathepsin B1 or inhibited it to a very small extent. Typical anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents like gold and pyrazolone derivatives (with the exception of sulfinpyrazone) suppressed the activity of the enzyme at a concentration of 10( 6) M. Two others, indomethacin and diclofenac, suppressed it at a concentration of 10(-5) M. Two sulfonated polysaccharides, arteparon and pentosan polysulfate (SP54), were also potent inhibitors. Salicylates, however, inhibited cathepsin B1 only at much higher concentrations (10(-2) M. Higher concentrations of cysteine (2 mM) decreased the inhibitory effect of some otherwise effective drugs. Inhibition of cathepsin B1 may be one way in which some of the drugs tested exercise their therapeutic effect in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 817532 TI - Patterns of maternal care in lemurs. III. Lemur variegatus. AB - Lemur fulvus, L. catta, and L. variegatus differ markedly in the details of mother-infant relations. Do these differences account for those seen in adult life? We hope to determine this through interspecific cross-fostering. Here we describe the normal pattern of rearing of 5 infants among two groups of 2 and 5 adult L. variegatus, reared in the laboratory. The descriptions cover the first 7 months of life, and include the effects of maternal separation at 150 days of age, when estrus normally disrupts maternal care. The principal finding is that in the mother's absence young turn more to other adults than to their siblings, who are, apparently, not adequate social substitutes for adults. PMID- 817533 TI - The occurrence of salmonellas in laboratory animals and a comparison of three enrichment methods used in their isolation. PMID- 817534 TI - [Establishment of standardized clinical-chemistry normal ranges on toxicology, as demonstrated on the example of serum cholesterol in rhesus monkeys and beagle dogs]. PMID- 817535 TI - Ultrastructure of water buffalo (Bos bubalis) spermatozoa. PMID- 817536 TI - [In vitro studies on amino acid uptake by liver and muscle cells in lambs]. PMID- 817537 TI - [Cu deficiency in reproducing rats]. PMID- 817538 TI - [Early weaning of sucking rats and a contribution on Cu depletion]. PMID- 817540 TI - Enzyme profile of heart and skeletal muscles, liver and lung of roosters and geese. PMID- 817539 TI - [Distribution of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in the genital tract of the rooster (Gallus domesticus)]. PMID- 817541 TI - Free aminoacids and serotonin contents in cows pineal extract. PMID- 817542 TI - [Quantitative determination of glyceride-glycerin in cattle and swine serum]. PMID- 817543 TI - [Amino acid uptake in the magnum mucosa as affected by egg formation in the Japanese quail]. PMID- 817544 TI - [Right-sided malformation of the testis and epididymis in a guinea pig]. PMID- 817545 TI - Bovine spastic paralysis: a comparative study of serum enzymes and biopsies of the gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 817546 TI - [Demonstration of aflatoxins in the presence of interfering substances. 2. Studies on the elimination of substances interferring with the TLC determination of aflatoxin B1]. PMID- 817547 TI - [Use of the method of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the determination of meningococcal antigen and antibody in the serum of patients]. PMID- 817548 TI - [Immunological study of the cellular components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Report 1]. AB - Water extracts obtained from acetone culture of 5 strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from wounds of patients with severe burns were investigated. These extracts contained exotoxin and capsular mucous cell component. By the data of gel-chromatography the extracts proved to be heterogeneous. Their toxic activity was associated chiefly with the high-molecular fraction. The extracts were active in experiments of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with homologous and heterologous antisera. Up to 5 components with a different electrophoretic mobility were found in the extracts. There proved to be a correlation between the content in the extract of protein and its toxicity for mice. Differences between the strains of various O-serological groups were detected in experiments of gel chromatography. PMID- 817549 TI - [Principle of obtaining specific sera for the serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The authors elaborated a method of obtaining sorbed specific sera for serotyping of Ps. aeruginosa on slide. A set of specific sera consisting of 20 sera was prepared; 93% of 500 cultures isolated from pathological material were typed with the aid of this set. PMID- 817550 TI - [Ultrastructure of L forms. Report 5. localization of dehydrogenase activity in L form cells]. AB - A study was made of deposition of diformazan TNBT and TCNBT in the presence of succinate and without it in stable L-forms of Str. pyogenes group A, St. aureus and L. monocytogenes. Diformazan proved to deposit on the cytoplasmic membrane, in the lamellar mesosomes and myelin-like structures and also on individual intracellulor membranes not forming special membrane organoids. Diformazan was localized on the membranes mostly asymmetrically, on the cytoplasmic membrane-on its internal side, and on the ring-like intracellulor membranes- externally. Localization of diformazan on the ring-like membranes is atributed to the fact that ring-like membranous structures in the L-forms formed as a result of invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane in the same way as bacterial mesosomes. Since L-form cells could not be released of endogenous substrates by the methods elaborated for bacteria, cytological data did not permit to ascertain dehydrogenases, responsible for asymmetrical localization of diformazan on the L form membranes. On the basis of these data one can judge only the sum total activity of dehydrogenases in different membranes. PMID- 817551 TI - [Central monoaminergic mechanisms and generalized convulsions (review)]. PMID- 817553 TI - Distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in G6PD deficient Chinese and Malay newborns. AB - The distribution of ABO blood groups was studied in 459 Chinese and 65 Malay newborns with deficiency of G6PD, and in 1181 Chinese and 535 Malay newborns with normal levels of the enzyme. Similarly, the distribution of Rhesus blood groups was studied in 248 G6PD deficient Chinese newborns and in 255 normal subjects. No association between the ABO blood groups and G6PD deficiency was observed in either Chinese or Malays. For the Rhesus system there was found to be a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of genotypes containing the complex R1, in G6PD deficient subjects compared with that in normal subjects. PMID- 817552 TI - Failure of ergotamine to act as an amplifier of sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion. AB - Normal dogs were injected i.v. with 0.25 mg/kg sodium salt of HB 419 (glibenclamide) and plasma insulin concentrations were measured over a period of 2 hrs. When the animals were given a single i.v. injection of 0.2 mg/kg dihydroergotamine tartrate (DHE) 30 min prior to the administration of HB 419, the insulinogenic effect of the sulfonylurea was considerably amplified (192 muU/ml vs 34 muU/ml at 45 min). No augmentation of the insulinogenic effect of HB 419 was observed when the same experiments were conducted with 0.05, 0.025 or 0.01 mg/kg ergotamine tartrate. At the dose level of 0.1 mg/kg the insulinogenic effect of HB 419 was suppressed. Since the structural difference between these two ergot alkaloids consists of the presence or absence of the double bond at C9 and C10 of the lysergic acid moiety, it appears that saturation of this double bond is an essential structural requirement for DHE to function as an amplifier of sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin release. PMID- 817554 TI - Genetics of the Rh-Hr locus in humans. AB - An analysis is attempted to throw more light on the inheritance of rhesus factor in humans and the Fisher-Race and Wiener's concepts are respectively evaluated. It is claimed that the Rh-Hr locus is not comprised of the recombination of C, D, E, c and e genes, much less the help of the auxiliary (d) which merely appears to be a conventional approach derived from an even principle of recombination for a polyhybrid cross. As for Wiener's rare or common mutants of Rh-Hr in humans and the emergence of different agglutinogens like a sort of genetic proliferation, no such parallel of inheritance has yet been found in experimental plants or animals. Probably the scarcity of certain genotypes is due to the rare chance of fertilization or embryonic development due to incompatibility between certain mutants of Rh-Hr genes, similar to ABO-Rh incompatibility. PMID- 817555 TI - [Experimental study on rheumatic carditis induced by hemolytic streptococci strains 5 and 12]. PMID- 817556 TI - [Morphological points of departure for the therapy of rheumatic diseases]. AB - Pathogenic mechanisms of several rheumatic diseases are reported. Besides signs of nonspecific inflammation there are characteristic features in some rheumatic disorders: in rheumatoid arthritis one can find mesenchymoid proliferation and - in seropositive cases only - necrosis ot tissue. In ankylosing spondylitis osseous metaplasia of the intervertebral discs, in psoriatic arthritis, osteoclastic and in osteoblastic changes without inflammation. In fibrositis syndrome, however, there was no evidence of inflammation, but one may detect local muscular lesions and proliferation of fibroblasts. Pain in osteoarthritis is always caused by secondary inflammation. Due to this data, the possibilities of treatment are discussed, especially those of nonsteroidal drugs. PMID- 817557 TI - Effect of pre- and postnatal protein-calorie undernutrition on RNA-content in rat motor neurons. AB - Changes in the RNA-content of isolated anterior horn motor neurons from the 7th cervical segment were studied during the postnatal development of pre- and postnatally undernourished, and normally nourished rats. The motor neurons of the anterior horn were isolated by micromanipulation from Carnoy-fixed sections. The neuronal RNA-content was determined by microchemical methods according to Edstrom (1964). The observation was made that moderate pre- and postnatal undernutrition does not alter the normal RNA-accumulation in anterior horn motor neurons during the preweaning period. After weaning the cellular RNA incorporation decreases but again reaches normal values at the age of 39 days. The present results are compared with those of a previous study (Haltia 1970) in which rats were severely undernourished postnatally. PMID- 817558 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy: types of seizures, age, and surgical results. AB - Types of seizures, age at onset of epilepsy, preoperative duration of epilepsy, and age at operation were studied in the literature and in 74 patients who underwent unilateral temporal lobe resection in 1960-1969 in Denmark. The medical and surgical series were compared. The age at onset was significantly lower in the surgical series. Prognostically favourable factors were: i) preoperative presence of a single type of seizure; ii) duration of epilepsy of less than 4 years, and in grand mal epilepsy of less than 1 year; iii) operation for epilepsy in or before early adulthood. Prognostically unfavourable factors were i) preoperative presence of grand mal; ii) age at onset of epilepsy or of the first grand mal seizure between 5 and 20 years; iii) preoperative duration of psychomotor epilepsy over 10 years. PMID- 817559 TI - Enzymes activities for determining placental function. PMID- 817560 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia and neurofibromatosis. AB - On the basis of 21 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, which were radiologically typed and later personally examined, it was found that all cases of the dysplastic type also showed evidence of neurofibromatosis. No evidence of neurofibromatosis was found among the cystic and the clubfoot type of pseudarthroses. PMID- 817561 TI - Hearing loss and cochlear pathology in monkeys after noise exposure. AB - Old World monkeys were exposed to octaveband noise from 0.5 to 8 kHz at 120 dB SPL, 8 hours daily for 20 days. Restricted permanent threshold shifts and localized loss of outer hair cells were produced, which were reasonably well correlated with the exposure frequencies. There was also a loss of both inner and outer hair cells at the extreme basal end of Corti's organ, regardless of the exposure frequency. Implications for human inner ear pathology are discussed. PMID- 817562 TI - [High-voltage radiotherapy of laryngeal tumors. Results]. PMID- 817564 TI - Studies on the Treponema pallidum immobilizing activity in normal human serum. 4. The importance for the outcome of the conventional TPI-Test. AB - T. pallidum immobilizing activity was demonstrated in the majority (84%) of samples of unheated sera obtained from healthy adult subjects. A similar activity was found in unheated sera obtained from some animal species such as monkey and white rat, but not in sera from rabbit or guinea pig. The results of serological studies of acquired, early syphilis in man suggested that the determination of the activity of the naturally occurring IgM immobilisins was not influenced by coexisting TPI antibodies of the IgG class. The immobilizing activity of human normal sera occurred in low titres only, rarely in dilutions of greater than 1:32. Moreover, sera from guinea pig and rabbit were found to inhibit this activity in normal sera from man. These findings were supposed to explain why the immobilizing activity of the naturally occurring IgM antibodies did not interfere with the outcome of the conventional TPI test. PMID- 817563 TI - Iatrogenic hyperosmolality in critically ill low-birth-weight infants. AB - Twenty-four desperately ill newborn infants of very low-birth-weight admitted to a referral unit were studied. Some had received sodium bicarbonate (8.4% solution) in 20% glucose as an intravenous bolus infusion before admission. After admission continuous intravenous infusion was started with 10% glucose (70-100 ml/kg/24 hr) to which 5-15 ml/kg/24 hr of 4.2% sodium bicarbonate solution was added (2.5-7.5 mEq/kg/24 hr). In a few infants at admission, and in all some time after the beginning of treatment, blood samples for determination of glucose, lactate, sodium, urea nitrogen, osmolality and acid base status were obtained. In some infants blood samples were also taken immediately before or after death. During the course of intravenous infusion therapy, a progressive increase in mena osmolality was observed, accompanied by a rise in blood glucose, sodium and urea levels. The highest mean plasma osmolality was observed immediately before or after death. Besides continuous intravenous infusion, in several infants repeated attempts were made to correct the recurring acidosis by bolus infusion. Hyperosmolality is a frequent consequence of vigorous infusion therapy aimed at correcting acidosis and covering fluid and caloric requirement of maintenance. A simultaneous elevation in plasma sodium and glucose is often produced on utilizing two hyperosmolar solutions (sodium bicarbonate and glucose). The progressive increase in blood urea content also contributes to hyperosmolality. The metabolic, cellular and compartmental effects of hyperosmolality as well as the possible injury to the brain are discussed. PMID- 817565 TI - Evaluation of an immunodiffusion test for screening of rubella immunity. AB - Rubella antigen obtained by treatment with a mild neutral detergent (Brij-58) of rubella virus infected SIRC cells gave two lines of precipitate in a modified Ouchterlony test (ID), using sera collected during convalescence after rubella. One strong line was obtained with positive sera and sometimes one thin line as well. The presence of at least one line was taken as indicator of rubella immunity. The pattern in which reagents were arranged allowed all positive serum samples to give precipitates showing antibody identity with a rubella control precipitate. Among women in the fertile age screened for immunity, 75% gave precipitates by the ID test and thus were considered to be immune. This should be compared with the 85% positivity found by means of the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. As the HI test occasionally gives false results due to non removable, non-specific inhibitors, the ID test on basis of the specificity seems to be well suited to be used as a method for the selection of individuals to be vaccinated against rubella. PMID- 817566 TI - Relative bioavailability of phenoxymethylpenicillin preparations in a cross-over study. PMID- 817567 TI - Action of mild alkali on UDPglucuronosyltransferase of hepatic microsomes. PMID- 817568 TI - [Effect of lesions of the prefrontal region on the inhibition of feeding and motor conditioned reflexes]. PMID- 817569 TI - [Some hypotheses concerning the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex. I. Preliminary remarks]. PMID- 817570 TI - [Role of the prefrontal cortex in the differentiation of directional instrumental reflexes in animals]. PMID- 817571 TI - [Synthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogs]. PMID- 817572 TI - The urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in long-term renal transplant patients. AB - Using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction, the urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgM, IgG, IgA, free lambda and kappa light chains from immunoglobulin, lysozyme and beta2-microglobulin has been investigated in 40 long term bilaterally nephrectomized renal transplant patients. The excretion of the proteins, except lysozyme, was significantly increased in 21 of the paitents with Albustix-negative urine. In patients with glomerulonephritis prior to the transplantation, the excretion of albumin, transferrin, and IgG was significantly increased compared with the other patients. The IgM excretion was significantly increased in patients who had received C and D matches compared with those with A and B matches. Patients with severe surgical complications in the postoperative period had a tubular proteinuria, and in patients surviving more than 60 months after transplantation the excretion of several proteins was significantly increased compared with patients surviving less than 60 months. PMID- 817573 TI - The influence of changes in arterial CO2 and blood pressure on the collateral circulation and the regional perfusion pressure in monkeys with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. AB - In 7 baboons and 5 macaques the effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, hypertension, and combinations of hypertension plus hypocapnia and of hypertension plus hypercapnia on the regional perfusion pressure (rPP) in the brain area rendered ischaemic by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were studied. A new technique for recording the pressure in the occluded MCA was used. The regional tissue pressure (rTP) was recorded with the so called wick type pressure transducers. Hypercapnia produced a marked decrease in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. Hypertension, especially in combination with hypocapnia, produced a very pronounced increase in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Occlusion of the homolateral common carotid artery (CCA) was followed by a very slight and transient drop in the occluded MCA pressure. Occlusion of the contralateral CCA was followed by a marked and persistent drop in the occluded MCA pressure. PMID- 817574 TI - Low numbers of tumor cells suppress the host immune system. PMID- 817575 TI - Modulation of the immune response in vitro and in vivo by splenocytes from tumor bearing mice. AB - Immunosuppression in mice infected with either a leukemia virus (Friend virus) or bearing a rapidly growing transplantable tumor (either a plasmacytoma or mastocytoma) was studied at the level of individual immunocytes to sheep erythrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Immunization of mice with progressing tumors showed markedly depressed hemolytic antibody plaque responses in the spleen. Furthermore, spleen cell cultures derived from immunodepressed mice with the tumors revealed the continued impairment of antibody formation in vitro. Relatively small numbers of splenocytes from the tumor-bearing mice suppressed larger numbers of normal spleen cells from control mice. Immunosuppression in all three tumor systems could be related to subcellular factors in that cell-free extracts of the spleens and tumor bearing mice or even ascites fluid or plasma could suppress the normal antibody responsiveness of normal spleen cell cultures. The virus per se or a virus associated factor seemed important in the leukemia virus model but non-virus tumor associated or related substances seemed to be involved in the immunosuppression induced by the plasmacytoma or mastocytoma. Such results support the view that tumor related subcellular factors may be important mediators of immunologic impairment of a host's immune defense mechanism to a neoplasm. PMID- 817576 TI - Divalent cation requirements as a tool for the study of cell-mediated cytotoxocity systems. PMID- 817577 TI - T and B immunodepression during 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha) anthracene (DMBA) carcinogenesis in mice. PMID- 817578 TI - Casein-induced murine amyloidosis: amyloid and immunoglobulin production and proliferative capacity of splenocytes. AB - We have examined some aspects of lymphocyte and macrophage function in experimental murine amyloidosis. Casein-induced murine amyloidosis is a good model for studying secondary human amyloidosis while myeloma-associated murine amyloidosis is a poor model for human myeloma-associated amyloidosis. The amyloid of casein-induced and myeloma-associated murine amyloidosis cross-reacted immunologically. Neither form of amyloidosis was associated with L chain fragments or excess L chain production. Cellular immunologic reactivity of casein induced amyloidotic mice, as assessed by lymphocyte transformation with mitogens, was abnormal using spleen lymphocytes but completely normal when thymus and peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined. The depressed activity could be attributed to splenic amyloid deposits. Intracellular amyloid was detected in the spleens of casein-injected mice prior to extracellular amyloid deposits. Amyloid containing cells could also be cultured from the spleen in a much higher proportion than that found in vivo. These cells may represent a subpopulation committed to amyloid synthesis. PMID- 817579 TI - A critical analysis of data on malnutrition and behavioral deficits. PMID- 817580 TI - Reye's syndrome. PMID- 817581 TI - The formation and metabolism by animal tissues of glycosides of steroid hormones. PMID- 817582 TI - Effects of pesticides on reproduction. PMID- 817583 TI - Retinal changes induced by heavy particles: a new therapy modality? PMID- 817585 TI - Cornary care units. PMID- 817584 TI - The medical treatment of angina pectoris. AB - Angina pectoris is a subjective symptom recognized primarily by a careful history. It must be differentiated from nonatherosclerotic chest pain. Arteriography should be performed when the diagnosis is in doubt or when the stable from becomes unstable. Management must include: attention to risk factors; awareness of precipitating factors; treatment of other illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes, and the use of drugs: nitroglycerin and, for long-term therapy, propranolol. If this regimen fails, patients should be considered for surgery. PMID- 817586 TI - Fatty acid composition of margarines. AB - The fatty acid composition of 27 samples of bar margarines, 58 samples of tub margarines, and one sample of a liquid margarine spread, purchased at different centers in Canada and the United States over a 1-year period (1973-1974), has been determined. The values of total polyunsaturated fatty acids determined by gas-liquid chromatography were compared to the results obtained by an enzymatic method using lipoxidase. The margarines have also been compared on the basis of fatty acid composition and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios. All of these parameters showed considerable variations among the different samples analyzed in this study. As a general rule, soft (tub) margarines tended to have a higher concentration of cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic (linoleic) acid than hard (bar) margarines. The labeling of the products as regards fatty acid composition was not always helpful in choosing a margarine of high linoleic acid composition. PMID- 817588 TI - Serum and small intestinal immunoglobulin levels in undernourished children. AB - Intestinal immunoglobulin levels were quantitated in undernourished Indonesian children with enteric infections and normally nourished Indonesians with and without enteric infections. These were compared to the same parameters in Australian Aboriginal children (also suffering undernutrition) and normal Caucasian children. Children with enteric infections displayed equally elevated levels of intestinal immunoglobulin irrespective of their nutritional status. Intestinal infections appeared to elevate IgG levels more than secretory IgA levels in the age group examined. However, it appeared likely that some of the EgG was serum-derived whereas the IgA appeared to be locally produced. There was no apparent deficiency in the capacity of undernourished children to manufacture and secrete immunoglobulin in the gut. PMID- 817587 TI - Parenteral nutrition in the septic patient: nitrogen balance, limiting plasma amino acids, and calorie to nitrogen ratios. AB - A series of eight septic patients was provided varying levels of beef fibrin protein hydrolysate by central vein in the presence of adequate calories for evaluation of nitrogen retention under septic conditions. The mean nitrogen intake to achieve nitrogen equilibrium was 240 mg/kg of body wt per day. This represents a 40% increase over that required to produce nitrogen equilibrium in normal adults. The mean caloric intake of these patients was 43.3 kcal/kg of body wt per day. The calorie to nitrogen ratio based on the above intake was calculated to be 180:1. In order to utilize effectively calorie to nitrogen ratios in the nutritional care of patients, it is suggested that ratios be standardized using daily total coloric expenditures. Correcting the mean measured resting calorie expenditures of these patients for minimal daily activity, a caloric to nitrogen ratio of 138:1 was obtained. The plasma amino acid ratios in these septic patients confirm the finding that valine and phenylalnine are limiting amino acids in a beef fibrin hydrolysate at infusion levels below 240 mg of N/kg of body wt per day. Analysis of the urinary excretion of total nitrogen, urea, and amino acids in two patients suggests that 30 to 50% of the infused peptides of a beef fibrin hydrolysate are lost in the urine in these septic patients. PMID- 817589 TI - Evaluation of isoosmotic tube feeding formula in the diets of convalescent malnourished infants and children. AB - The quality of the protein in a complete tube feeding formula intended for use in adults was evaluated in convalescent malnourished children. The casein-soy protein isolate blend was found to be similar to casein by comparative nitrogen balance studies carried out in five children, with protein providing 6.4% of calories. Three- and four-hour postprandial plasma free amino acid determinations at the same level of protein intake did not show the drop of plasma free methionine or of the methionine/total essential amino acid molar fraction characteristically seen when this amino acid is first limiting for protein synthesis. Three additional children were fed the formula, altered only by the addition of water, for periods of up to 3.6 months to test the tolerance to and completeness of the diet. No untoward effects nor signs of specific nutrient deficiency were encountered. Linear growth was appropriate for the stage of recuperation. The failure to achieve a normal (greater than 3.8 g/dl) serum albumin concentration in two of the three children may have been due to their rapid weight gain. Although it is intended for the adult, our results indicate that the formula could meet the nutritional requirements of infants and children. PMID- 817590 TI - An evaluation of the use of changes in hair root morphology in the assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - A study was carried out to evaluate the use of changes in hair root morphology in the assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) among a group of black West Indian children. The following five hair root characteristics were measured: percentage of anagen (the growing phase), percentage of telogen (the resting phase), percentage of atrophy, diameter of anagen bulbs, and shaft diameter. Significant differences in shaft diameter, percentage of anagen, and percentage of telogen were found only between well-nourished and severely malnourished children. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between both bulb diameter and percentage of atrophy and muscle circumference. No significant differences in any of the hair root characteristics were obtained between children with nutritional marasmus and those with kwashiorkor. The method was found to be time-consuming; it can be used for differentiating well-nourished children only from those with severe PCM; and it is unsuitable for determining the prevalence of the three degrees of PCM. For these reasons, the method is not recommended for use in the field assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 817591 TI - Comparative sensitivities of radioimmunoassay, crossoverelectrophoresis, and agar gel immunodiffusion for HBAg detection. AB - The relative sensitivities of radioimmunoassay, crossoverelectrophoresis, and agar gel immunodiffusion for detecting HBAg in unconcentrated versus concentrated serum samples are compared and discussed. The sensitivities of the various immunologic methods were enhanced severalfold in concentrated serum samples. This is a fundamental consideration in designing a screening program for detecting HBAg and anti-HBAg antibody in hospital patients and donors. The authors propose that serum samples that have marginal reactions or low counts (RIA) be concentrated with Lyphogel or MiniconTM-125 concentrator and retested before test results are reported. Specificity of positive results was studied by neutralization tests with human serum containing antibodies to HBAg. PMID- 817592 TI - Incidence and etiology of septic meningitis in a metropolitan county hospital. AB - From January 1, 1969 to December 31, 1974, 98,446 patients were admitted to Ben Taub General Hospital, one of the Harris County District Hospitals and a major teaching institution for Baylor College of Medicine. Spinal fluid specimens from 17,638 (17.9%) patients were cultured, and 787 (4.5%) cultures were positive for pathogenic microorganisms. Haemophilus influenzae, type B, was most frequently isolated (23.8%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (16.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9%), Neisseria meningitidis (7.3%), and Enterococcus (7.3%). Previous studies have indicated that more than 70% of all the septic meningeal infections are caused by H. influenzae, meningococcus and pneumococcus. At this hospital these organisms were isolated from 47% of the specimens studied, indicating a changing pattern in the etiology of purulent meningitis. Although pediatric patients constituted only 11.5% of the admissions, 58.4% of the pathogenic microorganisms were cultured from these patients. PMID- 817593 TI - Immunotyping and pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens. AB - Two hundred sixty-seven strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens were immunotyped using seven anti-Pseudomonas rabbit sera, and pyocin typed using eight indicator strains. Of the 230 consecutive isolates tested, 83% were immunotypable and 90% were pyocin typable. When both typing methods were used concurrently, 261 strains were typed, giving a 98% overall typability. An attempt was made to correlate sensitivity to carbenicillin and gentamicin with various immunotypes. Using growth from sensitivity plates directly for immunotyping as an added advantage for early surveillance and treatment is discussed. PMID- 817594 TI - Diversity of beta-lactamase activity among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. AB - Various properties (specific activity, inducibility, substrate profile, and susceptibility to inhibitors) of the beta-lactamase activity present in 39 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during a two month period in the bacteriology laboratory of a large general hospital were investigated. Among the 39 strains there appeared to be at least 16 distinct enzymes. Most enzymes from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus morganii were active against both penicillins and cephalosporins, whereas those from Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed activity primarily against cephalosporins. Both types of enzyme were found among strains of Enterobacter. There was a general correlation between amount of enzymic activity and levels of resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics. Discrepancies between enzymic activity and resistance to several beta-lactam antibiotics. Discrepancies between enzymic activity and resistance may be due to variations in the roles intrinsic mechanisms play in resistance to various antibiotics. PMID- 817595 TI - The William Allan Memorial Award. PMID- 817596 TI - Studies on complementation of beta hexosaminidase deficiency in human GM2 gangliosidosis. AB - Complementation of beta hexosaminidase A (hex A) deficiency was obtained by Sendai virus-mediated somatic cell hybridization of cultured skin fibroblasts from two unrelated patients with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) and one patient with Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease (SJD). The newly formed hex A was identified by its electrophoretic mobility in three different systems, heat lability, and reactivity with an antiserum against the unique antigenic determinant, alpha of hex A. The percentage of heterokaryons obtained by virus treatment of TSD and SJD fibroblast mixtures showed good correlation with the observed percentage of hex A activity. It is concluded that, in these two forms of GM2 gangliosidosis, beta hexosaminidase deficiency results from two different mutations. All of the current models of beta hexosaminidase structure are compatible with the observed complementation. No complementation was detected in 13 Sendai virus-induced fusions of cultured skin fibroblasts from seven unrelated patients with SJD. The enzyme deficiency in these patients may be due to very similar allelic mutations, not capable of undergoing complementation; or to different structural mutations, all coding for unstable beta hexosaminidase molecules. PMID- 817597 TI - Genetic factors and malaria in the Temuan. AB - The jungle habitat of the Temuan aborigines harbors a variety of infectious diseases, the most notable being malaria. Our study of 15 genetic systems in the Temuan revealed substantial polymorphism and within-population genetic diversity. The polymorphisms for Hb beta, G6PD, and El are of interest in regard to genetic adaptation to malaria. Among the polymorphisms investigated we conclude that G6PD deficiency and elliptocytosis are likely to have malaria-resistant effects as evidenced by their low association with malarial parasitemia or their higher frequency in adults than in children. These findings suggest that the malarial habitat of the Temuans is livable in the long range sense for them because of the cluster of malaria-resistant alleles in their gene pool (G6PD)-, El, and possibly, but not tested here because of its low frequency, Hb beta E). The same condition probably holds for the Semai, the nearest aborigine neighbors of the Temuan (although the Semai have not been tested for malarial parasitemia and for these polymorphisms simultaneously), since the Semai have substantial Hb betaE, G6PD-, and El. The Temuan have a cultural identity system of rituals, beliefs, and certain aspects of language which effectively isolates them genetically from Malays and other nonaborigines. This system hinders the dilution of the malaria resistant alleles of the Temuan gene pool with the malaria-susceptible alleles of the nonaborigine gene pools. PMID- 817598 TI - Comprehensive pharmacy services in an 85-bed hospital. AB - The development of a unit dose drug distribution system, centralized intravenous admixture program and clinical pharmacy services in a small hospital is discussed. The steps taken to implement and justify the programs and an outline of procedures followed is included. PMID- 817600 TI - Listeriosis. AB - Four patients with Listeria monocytogenes infection are presented; three of whom had associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Two of the four patients had Listeria meningitis. Meningitis is the most common manifestation of listeriosis in humans. Specific diagnosis depends on demonstrating Listeria monocytogenes in the cerebral spinal fluid; differentiation from other forms of acute meningitis cannot be made clinically. Although listeriosis is recognized as a major global problem in both human and animal health, the epidemiology of human infection is poorly understood. Animals and animal products may serve as reservoirs for human infection. Antibiotic therapy resulted in recovery in three of the patients. The history, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and therapy of listeriosis are reviewed. PMID- 817599 TI - Immunochemical and physical studies of the Sia test. AB - The Sia test was performed in strictly standardized conditions in boiled, bidistilled, deionized water (BBD) and in 0.01 M phosphate buffers pH 5.0 and 7.0. Normal human sera and sera from patients with diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia ( greater than 2.0 g/100 ml), immunoglobulin G (IgG) myeloma (M component greater than 5.0 g/100 ml), and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were studied. In BBD all normal sera were Sia-negative, whereas 16 per cent of sera with diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia, 60 per cent of sera with IgG M component, and 44 per cent of macroglobulinemic sera with Sia-positive. Almost all sera from the above mentioned four groups gave positive results in phosphate buffer pH 5.0 and the majority of them, with the exception of normal human sera, gave positive results at pH 7.0. All precipitates isolated from the sera tested showed beta-alpha 2 bands in cellulose acetate electropherograms. Precipitates from the sera with diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia also showed gamma bands, and those from the myelomatous or macroglobulinemic sera showed strong bands corresponding to the M components. Whereas immunoelectrophoresis of the four-fold-concentrated precipitates showed up to 11 precipitation lines, radial immunodiffusion detected up to 18 proteins. The characteristic pattern of IgM/IgG immune complexes was observed in immunoelectrophoresis of Sia precipitates from hypergammaglobulinemic sera with rheumatoid factor. The recovery of immunoglobulins in the Sia precipitates varied greatly but that of IgM was usually greater than that of IgG or IgA. It may be concluded that the Sia test is entirely nonspecific regardless of the buffer or pH at which it is performed. The only advantages of this test seem to be the quick partial purification of IgM components and identification of their light chains, and the possible detection of immune complexes. PMID- 817601 TI - The prevention of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Annual exfoliative cytologic examination is recommended by many physicians and by the American Cancer Society. A method to appraise the costs and the value of this service in comparison with competing health care measures has been developed. Further research is needed to develop the most cost-effective method. PMID- 817602 TI - Studies on the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid. AB - Sixty-one amniotic fluid samples from women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy were examined for antimicrobial activity. Seventy per cent of the fluids were found to be active. The factor or factors responsible for this activity were present in low concentrations. The presence of spermine in the fluids accounted for some of the antimicrobial activity. PMID- 817603 TI - The significance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in pregnancy. AB - A study was undertaken to attempt to understand the significance of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, one of the most common genetic enzymatic defects known, in the context of pregnancy. A group of 841 consecutive patients were screened by a sensitive test for this deficiency state, and all deficient subjects available were matched with control subjects and followed prospectively. Little significance to mother and baby was noted, although the study of the babies was incomplete. Previous reports of an increased rate of urinary tract infections and icterus neonatorum were not substantiated. Increased rates of abortions, low-birth-weight infants, and puerperal drops in red cell volumes were noted. The physiology of the disease and precautions for practitioners are discussed. PMID- 817604 TI - Letter: Gonococcus in the cervix and cul-de-sac. PMID- 817605 TI - Letter: Transplacental mumps virus infection. PMID- 817606 TI - Animal model of human disease: GM2 gangliosidosis. PMID- 817607 TI - Evaluation of mental health service effectiveness: a "start up" model for established programs. AB - The practical difficulties of using the experimental model for program evaluation in direct service settings are discussed, and it is suggested that use of this model seems premature. These difficulties, however, can no longer be used as a rationale for delaying program evaluation. A practical alternative model is outlined. PMID- 817608 TI - Spinal subarachnoid perfusion of rhesus monkeys. AB - A technique of spinal subarachnoid perfusion is descirbed which effectively isolates the spinal cord from the remainder of the central nervous system. A method of obtaining and analyzing spinal cord tissue after subarachnoid perfusion is presented. The spinal subarachnoid space of 12 rhesus monkeys was perfused with [14C]sucrose, [14C]ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-calcium complex (EDTA), and dextran blue as test substances. The sucrose and EDTA spinal cord distribution spaces are 13.6 +/- 0.9% in white matter and 18.1 +/- 1.4% in gray matter. The diffusion coefficient in tissue of sucrose is 1.7 x 10(-6) cm2/s and of EDTA is 1.55 x 10(-6) cm2/s. The spinal cord tortuosity factor is 2.0-2.1. Six rhesus monkeys were infused intravenously with [3H]sucrose and [14C]EDTA; the spinal capillary exchange half-time from blood to extracellular fluid was greater than 6 h for both sucrose and EDTA. PMID- 817609 TI - Feeding behavior in monkeys with and without lesions of the hypothalamus. AB - In monkeys (Macaca mulatta) without hypothalamic lesions, food intake was found to increase with increasing age and body weight; however, food intake per kilogram body weight showed a decline over the same period of time. As the animals became older, the amount of food intake converted to body weight decreased dramatically (feeding efficiency). Water intake was shown to be closely coupled to food intake. Both daily food and water-intake data were highly reliable over a period of years. Monkeys with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions exhibited hyperphagia and increased feeding-efficiency ratios and eventual obesity. The obese animals developed symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Animals with lesions restricted primarily to the arcuate nucleus showed no hyperphagia but increased feeding efficiency. These animals exhibited decreased growth hormone release and a transitory elevation of serum insulin. PMID- 817610 TI - Paradoxical increased feeding following glucose infusions in recovered lateral rats. AB - Glucose infusions increased feeding in recovered lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesioned rats in constrast to its suppressant effect in sham-lesioned rats and in rats with lesions unilateral, asymmetrical or anterior to LH. This paradoxical enhancement of eating by glucose was predicted from similar effects seen in vagotomized rabbits and general parallels observed in ingestive behavior after LH lesions and vagotomy. We conclude that an important component in the short-term control of food intake is a vagal-LH circuit and that a modification of the classic notion of the LH as an excitatory "feeding center" is needed. PMID- 817611 TI - Alteration of canine renal vascular response to hemorrhage by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - The involvement of prostaglandins in the redistribution of renal cortical blood flow to inner cortical nephrons during hemorrhagic hypotension was studied in the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog. Total renal blood flow and distribution of renal cortical flow were determined with the radioactive microsphere technique by dividing the cortex into four zones of equal thickness, zone 1 being outermost and zone 4 being juxtamedullary. Two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis were used: indomethacin 8 mg/kg and aspirin 100 mg/kg. The inhibitor or the vehicle was given intravenously prior to a control period which was followed by a hemorrhage sufficient to decrease arterial pressure by about one-third. The distribution of cortical flow was determined before hemorrhage, during hemorrhagic hypotension, and after transfusion. In the vehicle-treated dogs, total renal blood flow was well maintained, but flow redistributed to favor the inner cortical nephrons. This vasodilation in the inner cortex was blocked by both inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis resulting in a decrease in total renal blood flow and relative ischemia of the juxtamedullary nephrons. Salicylate levels required to accomplish blockage of inner cortical vasodilaton were less than 7 mg/100 ml. These studies indicate that prostaglandins are responsible for the decreased vascular resistance of the inner cortical nephrons which results in the redistribution of blood flow during hemorrhage, and when prostaglandin synthesis is blocked, the kidney vasculature constricts during hemorrhage. PMID- 817612 TI - Response of primate heart to emotional stress before and after cardiac denervation. AB - Eleven chair-restrained rhesus monkeys were classically conditioned to a 1-min, 900-Hz tone (CSf) followed by food and a 1-min, 3.4-5Hz tone (CSs) followed by shock. Each conditional stimulus produced large, sudden, and highly significant (P less than .01) increases in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP), its first time derivative (d(LVP)/dt), and heart rate (HR). The animal's hearts were sugically denervated following control studies of the conditional responses. Two to four weeks later, these responses were reexamined by again presenting CSf and CSs to five surviving monkeys following a format identical to that used in the control experiments. Complete cardiac denervation virtually eliminated the sudden increases in each of the measured variables. Denervation also "unmasked" small magnitude, delayed chronotropic and inotropic responses during CSs (but not CSf). These effects were ascribed to the action of circulating catecholamines known to be secreted during "emotional" stress. Four monkeys studied for 6 mo or more postoperatively showed evidence for varying degrees of cardiac reinnervation. Loss of nervous control of the nonhuman primate heart greatly compromises the cardiovascular response to these environmental and behavioral stress situations. PMID- 817613 TI - Letter: Dignity, dilemmas, Diagnosis. PMID- 817614 TI - Issues in national health insurance. AB - Health insurance, by reducing net price to the consumer and increasing the opportunities for revenue to the provider, has profound effects, among other things, on the volume, content and distribution of services, their prices, and the capacity of providers to produce them. The magnitude and nature of these effects depend, partly, on the design of insurance benefits and, partly, on the nature of the health care system, particularly its current and potential capacity and the methods it uses to pay providers. Those who believe that the unique aim of insurance is to protect against unpredictable expenses attempt to suppress these effects, mainly by imposing financial disincentives to utilization which, in turn, reduce protection for those who need it most. Those who wish to reform the system have a broader range of objectives which include protective efficacy, cost control, quantitative adequacy, qualitative adequacy, efficiency of production, efficiency of allocation, equity, and redistribution of capacity. An analysis of the effects of insurance in the light of these objectives reveals favorable as well as unfavorable consequences. The provision of comprehensive benefits generates the necessity for a fundamental change in the organization of health services, if the advantages are to be fully realized and the disadvantages minimized. PMID- 817615 TI - Surgery for cricopharyngeal dysfunction under local anesthesia. AB - Six new instances of primary cricopharyngeal achalasia are reported. Since 1961, treatment of these as well as eight other cases of sphincter dysfunction with secondary pharyngoesophageal diverticulum has consisted of posterior division of the muscle and inversion rather than excision of the diverticulum. The validity of this approach is supported by restoration to normal or near normal swallowing based on clinical and cineradiographic evidence. The advantages of performing this surgery under local anesthesia include the opportunity to observe directly the pathophysiology of the swallowing disorder, precise division of the cricopharyngeus muscle, and the ability of this older group of patients to eat, drink, and function normally immediately after operation. PMID- 817616 TI - Pulmonary bacterial defense. Effect of the burn wound on transfer of alveolar macrophage activation in rats by parabiosis. AB - The alveolar macrophage was studied in parabiotic rats using an inbred strain. Parabiotic pairs were sutured together at five weeks of age. Rats were subjected to a full thickness cutaneous burn of 20 per cent of the body surface area at seven weeks of age, and alveolar macrophages were washed from the lungs at six days post burn. The number of alveolar macrophages, their per cent of activation, and their ability to phagocytize and kill P aeruginosa in vitro were significantly increased at six days post burn in the burned controls and in both the burned and unburned members of the parabiotic pairs. No change in the alveolar macrophages was found in either unburned parabiotic pairs or in those which were sham-burned. These results indicate that a humoral or cellular agent produced either within the cutaneous burn wound or elsewhere as a response to the injury, traverses the parabiotic cross circulation to stimulate the alveolar macrophages. PMID- 817617 TI - [Therapy of Adams-Stokes attacks]. PMID- 817618 TI - Inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylammoniumchloride: a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. PMID- 817619 TI - Semiautomatic morphometric analysis of the nucleolar development in the nucl. n. oculomotorii of Tupaia belangeri during ontogenesis. AB - The development during ontogenesis of the nuclear and nucleolar diameters and of the numbers of nucleoli per nucleus in the nucl. n. oculomotorii of 32 male Tupaia belangeri are described. The measurements of the nucleolar diameters were done automatically using the Micro-Videomat (Zeiss, Oberkochen). Increase of the nuclear and nucleolar diameters yielded a nearly sigmoid-shaped curve, which was fitted using the logistic growth function. The "ideal" value of the nucleolar diameter is 3.7 mum with a half value time of 22 days of ontogenesis and an enlargement factor of 1.53. The respective parameters for the nucleus are 12.2 mum, 28 days and 1.27. The ratio of the nuclear to nucleolar diameters decreases exponentially during ontogenesis to a value of 3.3. The validity of these easily determinable morphologic parameters for the RNA-synthesis is discussed. The number of nuclei with 2 or 3 nucleoli decreases during ontogenesis. The relevance of this fact for cell counting is also discussed. PMID- 817620 TI - Catecholamine-containing nerve terminals in piloarrector muscles of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) and the effects of local injection of 6-, and 5 hydroxydopamine. AB - The fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp (62) demonstrates dense plexuses of catecholamine-containing nerves in the piloarrector muscles of adult stump-tailed macaques. When these muscle fibers are viewed under the electron microscope, most of the axon terminal profiles between them contain numerous dense-cored vesicles (adrenergic); the rest of the terminals contain mainly agranular vesicles (cholinergic). Intradermal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA, 1 and 5 mg) or 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA, 10mg) into the scalp caused the fluorescence from the nerve fibers in the muscles to completely disappear. The 6 OHDA injections induced severe degenerative changes in the adrenergic terminals whereas the 5-OHDA injections caused only the granules in the vesicles to increase in numbers. Thus, the piloarrector muscles of these macaques are innervated with both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals, but the former are more numerous than the latter. PMID- 817621 TI - [Organization of the anesthesia-resuscitation departments (round table). Point of view of the administrator]. PMID- 817623 TI - Discrimination between individuals by scent in Lemur fulvus. AB - When a captive Lemur fulvus is habituated to the scent of another L. fulvus by repeatedly presenting it with that individual's scent, and is then presented with the scent of a second individual, the amount of sniffing of the scents increases, indicating that it discriminated between the scents of the two individuals. The two individuals' scents were significantly discriminated in eight of eleven different combinations of scent receiver and pair of scent donors. The two scent donors were always of the same sex and subspecies, and they could be discriminated by members of their own or of another sex or subspecies. PMID- 817622 TI - Effects of artificial feeding on aggressive behaviour of rhesus mondeys in India. AB - Artificial feeding of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), which provides the major food source for most rhesus groups in rural and urban habitats, is common practice in India. Such feeding results in significant increases in aggressive competition within the monkey groups: during feeding periods the frequencies of aggressive threats, chases, and attacks increased two to six times above those of non-feeding periods in each of eight different groups. Fighting behaviour did not increase in most groups studied, but did show a rise in one large urban group in Calcutta. The implications of these results for the management of primate breeding colonies are discussed. PMID- 817624 TI - Contrasts in social structure among black-and-white colobus monkey groups. AB - Three types of Colobus guereza groups may be distinguished on the bases of size and composition, namely small one-male groups, large, one-male groups and multi male groups. The social structure of each type of group is described in terms of the distribution of non-agonistic interactions, the frequency and distribution of agonistic behaviour and the organization of the roles of vigilance, territorial defence and leadership. A number of differences are found between the group types which appear to be related to the differences in group size and composition. It is suggested that these group types represent stages in the life-cycle of colobus groups, and that such an interpretation may help to resolve some of the conflicting reports in the literature. PMID- 817625 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis. AB - The efficacy of a 2% solution of disodium cromoglycate was evaluated in 15 patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis and 24 patients suffering from perennial rhinitis. DSCG proved to be highly effective in the seasonal group where pollen was demonstrated to be the cause but gave relief only in some atopic patients of the perennial group. PMID- 817626 TI - Streptococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections. AB - Streptococcal isolates from 71 dairy herds considered free of Streptococcus agalactiae were compared with isolates from 1 herd used in bovine mastitis research over a 12-year period. The incidence of streptococci was as follows: Streptococcus uberis, 56.5%; enterococci, 24.2%; Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 9.0%; Streptococcus bovis, 5.1%; unclassified streptococci, 3.1%; Streptococcus agalactiae, 1.5%; and Lancefield group G streptococci, 0.7%. The incidence for these streptococci in the 2 groups was generally the same except for Str bovis and unclassified streptococci. A study of cultural responses in numerous mediums indicated that differentiation of streptococci recovered from the bovine udder may be obtained with esculin broth, CAMP test, sodium hippurate broth, 0.1% methylene blue milk, inulin, and raffinose broths. PMID- 817627 TI - Technique for portal catheterization in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - A technique was developed for catheterization of the portal vein in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Silicone rubber catheters (0.040 ID by 0.085 inch OD, or 0.030 ID by 0.065 inch OD) were surgically placed into the portal vein via the umbilical, inferior mesenteric, right colic, or ileocolic veins. The right colic and ileocolic veins proved to be the preferred route for catheterization. Both single end-hole and multiple end-hole catheters with 2 side holes were used. Catheter function was dependent upon proper placement within the portal vein and on maintaining patency. Single-hole catheters were successfully maintained by periodic flushing (2-3 times daily) with heparinized saline solution (1.5-4.0 units/ml), and multiple-hole catheters were best maintained by a continuous flow (1-2 ml/hour) of heparinized saline solution (1.5 units/ml). No adverse clinical effects due to the portal catheter were observed in any of the monkeys catheterized. The technique allowed placing the monkey in a restraint chair, thus enabling one to utilize the monkey in a conscious state. PMID- 817628 TI - Ultraviolet susceptibility of BCG and virulent tubercle bacilli. AB - To test the effectiveness of irradiating the upper air of a room with ultraviolet light at reducing the concentration of airborne tubercle bacilli, the susceptibility to the germicidal effects of ultraviolet light, Z, was determined for various mycobacteria. Virulent tubercle bacilli and bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were equally susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, whereas Mycobacterium phlei had 10 times their resistance (Z, approximately one-tenth that for M. tuberculosis). The effectiveness against BCG of upper air ultraviolet irradiation in a room was tested directly by nebulizing BCG into the air of the room and monitoring its rate of disappearance. With one 17-watt fixture operating, the rate of disappearance increased 6-fold; with 2 fixtures operating (46 watts total), the rate of disappearance increased 9-fold. This implies that under steady-state conditions, the concentrations of airborne organisms with ultraviolet light(s) on would have been one-sixth and one-ninth, respectively. The increase in rate of decay of the airborne organisms using 1 fixture was equivalent to 10 air changes per hour, whereas that using 2 fixtures was approximately 25 air changes per hour (range: 18 to 33 air changes per hour). These increments are less than those reported previously for Serratia marcescens, because the Z value for BCG is approximately one-seventh that for serratia. These findings with BCG are believed to be directly applicable to virulent tubercle bacilli. PMID- 817630 TI - Computer files and analyses of laboratory data from tuberculosis patients. II. Analyses of six years' data on sputum specimens. AB - Laboratory data on sputum specimens from patients with pulmonary mycobacterioses between 1968 and 1973 were analyzed. Specimens were cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 and/or 7H11 medium; blue light fluorescence microscopy was used to examine specimen smears. An admission series of 6 sputum specimens detected 94.7 per cent of all culture-positive patients. Only 62 per cent of patients who were culture positive in the admission series would have been detected by smear alone. Quantitative agreement of smear and culture results was seen only in the smear numerous (more than 2 bacilli per high-power field), culture-numerous (more than 100 colonies per plate) category. Qualitative agreement of smear and culture was 71 per cent. A total of 123 smear-positive and culture-negative specimens, representing 9 per cent of the total number of positive smears, was found among 6,251 sputum specimens from 270 culture-positive ptients. At least one smear positive and culture-negative specimen was obtained from 23 per cent of the patients evaluated. During this period, improved housekeeping measures and drying of culture plates reduced the culture contamination rate from 9.8 to less than 5 per cent. PMID- 817629 TI - A continuing survey of primary drug resistance in tuberculosis, 1961 to 1968. A U.S. Public Health Service cooperative study. AB - From 1961 through 1968 the incidence of primary drug resistance was monitored among patients admitted to 22 participating hospitals. The patients were believed to have newly diagnosed, previously untreated, bacteriologically proved pulmonary tuberculosis. During the study period the level of primary resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, and para-aminosalicylic acid remained very low; there was no indication that primary resistance to these drugs was increasing. Investigation of patient histories revealed that a significant proportion of persons initially believed to have been previously untreated actually had received prior chemotherapy. Resistance rates to both isoniazid and streptomycin were significantly higher among younger patients than among older patients. No relationship was found between race or sex and primary resistance rates. The low incidence of drug resistance found in this survey suggests that disease caused by virulent resistant organisms occurs infrequently. PMID- 817631 TI - Letter: Evidence for infection by two distinct strains of Myobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 817632 TI - Carbohydrate analysis of concanavalin A-reactive and concanavalin A-nonreactive mycobacterial polysaccharides. AB - Concanavalin A-nonreactive polysaccharide and 2 concanavalin A-reactive polysaccharides of differing concanavalin A affinities that had been purified from culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were subjected to carbohydrate analysis by gas and gas-liquid chromatography. Concanavalin A nonreactive polysaccharide was found to be D-arabinogalactan, and the concanavalin A-reactive polysaccharide of highest affinity was found to be D arabinomannan. The lower affinity concanavalin A-reactive polysaccharide was rich in arabinose and probably represented a mixture, with more than one polysaccharide present. Glucan was found to be a significant contaminant of all 3 polysaccharides. PMID- 817633 TI - [A case of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A six year old girl is presented, who shows a short trunk dwarfism, is mentally retarded, lacks excretion of mucopolysaccharides in urine and has very severe generalized oseous alterations which corresponds to the characteristics of the Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. The parents of the patient were cousins, which makes one think of a recessive autosomic inheritance. PMID- 817634 TI - Utility of Drosophila for detection of potential environmental chemical mutagens. PMID- 817636 TI - Immunofluorescent studies in experimental middle ear effusions. AB - Immunological phenomena occurring in the mucosa of the middle ear and Eustachian tube were investigated following tubal obstruction in squirrel monkeys which produced middle ear effusions. Although there are many variations among specimens, in general all classes of immunoglobulin producing plasma cells have shown an increase in number and/or an increase in intensity of fluorescence. IgG and IgA-producing plasma cells were more prominent than those producing other immunoglobulins. These findings support the concept that the middle ear and Eustachian tube in monkeys as in humans is protected by an immunodefense system. PMID- 817635 TI - Biochemical characteristics of middle ear effusions. AB - Biochemical composition of middle ear effusions (MEE) and serum was compared both in experimentally induced middle ear inflammation in squirrel monkeys and in otitis media in humans. The MEE and serum protein concentrations were similar in the animal experiments. In human MEE the total protein concentration of both serous and mucoid effusions was higher than the proteins of the serum. High concentrations of potassium and lower concentrations of glucose in human MEE than in serum were also observed. Activities of various oxidative (lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) and hydrolytic (leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and lysozyme) enzymes in MEE and serum were compared. The ratio of enzyme activity between MEE and serum (MEE/Serum) was greater than one in all enzymes studied. Mucoid MEE had higher activity of enzymes than serous effusions in general. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns were compared on electropherogram. Isoenzyme fractions 1 and 2 were each smaller in MEE than in serum whereas 4 and 5 had a significantly higher activity in MEE than in serum. Higher activities of enzymes in MEE as compared with serum are consistent with the hypothesis that MEE results from inflammatory processes occurring in the middle ear cavity. The enzymes of MEE seem to have multiple origins, namely, 1) enzymes normally present in blood, 2) enzymes from the inflamed middle ear mucosa, and 3) enzymes from leucocytes present in effusions. PMID- 817637 TI - Primate model for studies of clinical problems of middle ear functions. AB - Eustachian tube and middle ear function has been studied in the acute and chronically prepared Rhesus monkey preparation. Measures have included observations of tympanometry and input impedance of the middle ear, of transmission of energy through the middle ear, of static middle ear pressure and of threshold and suprathreshold hearing. Positive and negative long and short term static middle ear pressures, the effects of middle ear fluids, and various aspects of Eustachian tube function in both normal and pathologic preparations have been studied. In general our observations indicate that the Old World monkey may provide a model permitting acquisition of quantitative data of a variety of middle ear functions under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, including those requiring measures simply not possible in man. PMID- 817638 TI - Pathogenesis of middle ear effusions. AB - Detailed morphological and physiological studies are necessary as a basis for understanding normal, near normal and abnormal conditions of the middle ear cleft. Animal and human studies are essential. Animal studies provide a means of controlling and isolating variables. Herein we describe methods of producing acute and chronic middle ear effusions in animals. An animal model has also been developed for purulent otitis media. Corollary comprehensive studies are underway in humans. A multidisciplinary effort including pathology, microbiology, immunology, histochemistry, etc., yields interesting information which helps explain the pathogenesis of these common clinical problems. PMID- 817639 TI - The enigma of vestigial tissues. AB - There are several structures and various tissues in the human body that appear to be functionless relics of ancestral or embryonic development. As such they have long been of interest and have been cited in support of theories of evolution and of oncogenesis. Evidence can be adduced to show that these remnants are not necessarily degenerate, nor are they inevitably functionless. Vestigial tissues are especially common in tooth-bearing areas of the mouth, and the span of tooth development from early embryonic life until adolescence affords unique opportunities for studying the part played by embryonic remnants in later life. PMID- 817640 TI - Replantation and reconstructive microvascular surgery. Part I. AB - Although the operating microscope was introduced more than 50 years ago, its use was at first confined to otolaryngology and, later, to ophthalmology. More recently its use in the development of microvascular techniques has led to spectacular advances in the field of replantation and reconstructive surgery. The organization of microsurgical research at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, is briefly described and clinical experience at this hospital over the past 10 years is reviewed. This includes 86 cases of digital replantation, with survival rates of 58% for complete and 82% for incomplete amputation, and 14 cases of major replantation (amputations proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints) with a survival rate of 71%. In the second part of the lecture the use of microsurgery for composite tissue transfer and one-stage toe-to-hand transfer is discussed and experimental and clinical experience in microlymphatic surgery described. PMID- 817641 TI - [Interest of artificial feeding in major complications of digestive surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 817642 TI - [Sclerogenous peritonitis: an unusual complication in the treatment of chronic conditions with practolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 817643 TI - Complications following radiotherapy in gynaecological carcinoma: comparison between X-ray and megavoltage therapy. AB - The use of megavoltage therapy has in some investigations been shown to be associated with improvement in the prognosis of gynaecological carcinoma. Our purpose was to clarify whether the character or number of complications has changed with the increased effectiveness of treatment. During the years 1967-1970 a total of 449 cases of gynaecological carcinoma (cervical, endometrial, ovarian) were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Department of Radiation Therapy, Turku University; tele-Cobalt was used for external radiation. The comparison period was the years 1963-1965 when 289 patients were treated, the external radiation then in use being X-ray therapy. Intracavitary radiation was given in both groups using the modified Stockholm method for cervical carcinoma and the Heyman method for endometrial carcinoma. Operative activity was about the same in both periods. Patients with cervical carcinoma treated with tele-Cobalt appeared to have a higher frequency of severe intestinal complications (12.4%) than patients receiving X-ray therapy (6.0%); the difference was not, however, statistically significant. The same is true concerning the treatment groups of ovarian cancer (4.8% and 0% respectively) and those of endometrial carcinoma (5.2% and 1.2%). However, if all the patients as a group are considered and also those with urological complications, the difference was significant (p less than 0.05), the frequency of complications being 7.6% for patients treated with tele-Cobalt and 4.2% for those treated with X-ray therapy. One must take into account that in all cases the most difficult complications were seen in patients treated with tele-Cobalt, where surgical treatment was necessary in 29%. PMID- 817644 TI - [Effect of biologically active compounds on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics]. AB - A number of biologically active substances, i. e. main protamine proteins and histones, EDTA, lysozyme, methacyl and pentoxyl was studied with respect to their effect on the levels of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics against E. coli and Staph. aureus and transfer of resistence to chloramphenicol in E. coli on conjugation. It was shown that the above substances lowered the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics 2--10 times when added to the culture simultaneously with the latter. The results varied depending on the strain and the resistance nature. Marked inhibition of transfer of resistance to chloramphenicol in the presence of the main proteins and EDTA was found. PMID- 817645 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the effect of depression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular multiplication under the influence of antibacterial preparations]. AB - The use of the average effective dose (ED50) for estimation of the activity of antitubercle drugs against mycobacteria situated inside the cells is proposed. The dose-effect dependence for rifampicin and cycloserin was found. Expedience in the use of the regressive analysis for determination of a number of parameters characterizing qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of the antitubercle drugs on the intracellular multiplication of the bacteria was shown. The programme developed by the authors for the electronic computer "Mir-2" is recommended for this purpose. PMID- 817646 TI - [Metacycline, its chemotherapeutic activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics]. AB - Methacycline prepared at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was characterized by high activity against staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria. A somewhat higher antistaphylococcal activity of methacycline as compared to oxytetracycline was found. The concentrations of methacycline in the kidneys, liver and lungs corresponded to its levels in the blood and were 3 times higher than those of oxytetracycline administered in close doses. Methacycline was characterized by a higher chemotherapeutic activity as compared to oxytetracycline in the treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia. The values of CD50 of methacycline were 1.5 times lower than those of oxytetracycline. PMID- 817648 TI - [Microbiological characteristics and the sensitivity to antibiotics of the Pseudomonas pyocyanea circulating on breeding stations]. AB - Biological properties and sensitivity to antibiotics and decametoxin of 464 strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated at Pedigree Cattle Stations in the Chernovitsy region were studied in vitro. The isolates proved to be resistant to penicillin. Decametoxin, a new antimicrobial drug was at the same level as neomycin by its effect on Ps. aeruginosa (bactericidal concentrations of 62.5 to 125 gamma/ml). Gentamycin prepared in the USSR was approximately 20 times more active against Ps. aeruginosa than decametoxin and neomycin. PMID- 817649 TI - [Microbiological characteristics and sensitivity to antibiotics of decamethoxin resistant diphtheric bacilli]. AB - Biological properties and sensitivity of 6 Corynebacteria strains to 9 antibiotics were studied in vitro. The rate of the development of resistance to neomycin, levomycetin, decamine and decamethoxin in the diphtheria causative agents was determined. Biological properties of the decamethoxin resistant variants of the diphtheria causative agents were investigated: 100 passages on media with increasing amounts of the drug. The rate of the development of resistance to decamethoxin was slower than that to neomycin, levomycetin and decamine. Changes in the biological properties and antibiotic sensitivity of the decamethoxin-adapted strains were revealed. PMID- 817647 TI - [Effect of levomycetin on the microflora artificially introduced into the intestines of gnotobiotic chicks]. AB - Levomycetin effect on the microflora introduced into the intestine of abiotic chickens was studied. Levomycetin in a dose of 4 mg perosone chicken for 5 days provided a decrease in the number of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacteria, Escherichia and Enterococci by 100 to 10000 times and an increase in the number of Candida or disbacteriosis in the intestine. The highest effect was observed with respect to multiplication of Lactobacteria. This impaired the ecological quantitative ratio between the microorganisms. Re-establishment of the microbial biocenosis after discontinuation of levomycetin use was not complete. Repeated disbacteriosis in the gastrointestinal tract of the test-chickens was registered on the 16th day. PMID- 817650 TI - [Action of gentamicin, tobramycin and their combinations with prodigiozan in an experimental infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 817651 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics]. PMID- 817652 TI - [Characteristics of Actinomyces griseus actinophages and the production of phage resistant mutants of the producer of grisin]. AB - Analysis of phagolysates in production of fodder grisin provided determination of 3 serologically and morphologically different actinophages, 2 of which, i. e. Pg 81 and Pg 100 affected the sensitive culture as virulent phages and 1, i. e. Pg 2 affected it as a moderate phage. Investigation of the fermentation broth of strain 15 of Act. griseus did not confirm the supposition that this strain was polylysogenic and actinophages Pg 81 and Pg 100 were virulent mutants of moderate phages present in the cells. A phenomenon of limitation and modification controlled by the host cell was noted in the sensitive culture infected with actinophage Pg 81. The actinomycete mutants which did not limit but modified the phage were isolated. Under the effect of chemical mutagens the actinomycete mutants stable to virulent phages were selected. Treatment of the phage-stable mutants with ethylene imine and UV-light provided an increase in their antibiotic production levels by 75 to 80 per cent. PMID- 817653 TI - [Comparative study of the antibiograms as well as serotype and virulence of Ps. aeruginosa cultures]. AB - Seven antibiotics, such as gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin M, carbenicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin were studied with respect to their effect on 260 strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various sources within 1945 1971. Gentamycin and polymyxin M proved to be most active in vitro. Carbenicillin showed moderate activity. The sensitivity levels of the cultures of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various sources within 30 years were identical. Serological typing of 59 cultures of Ps. aeruginosa was performed and their virulence was studied in parallel with their antibiotic sensitivity testing. No correlation between the antibiograms, serotypes and virulence of Ps. aeruginosa was found. PMID- 817654 TI - [Effect of vitamins on the biosynthesis of nisin by a Streptococcus lactis culture]. AB - Milk is the natural medium for Str. lactis, strain MSU. It is known that in winter and spring the growth and acid production by acidolactic streptococci are decreased. This is due, in particular, to the absence of vitamins in winter and spring milk. A number of vitamins present in complex natural products, such as tomato juice, milk and casein hydrolysates, beaf extract, etc. was studied with respect to their effect on the synthesis of nisin. The organic complexes had a positive effect on the growth of Str. lactis and the antibiotic biosynthesis. However, Str. lactis, strain MSU did not intensify the nisin synthesis on addition of vitamins to the spring skin milk. Possibly, lactis, strain MSU was of low sensitivity to the season of changes in milk. PMID- 817655 TI - [Bacteria-infectious viruses in Penicillium chrysogenum strains with differing antibiotic activity]. AB - A new virus capable of replication on E. coli C was isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum. Six strains of P. chrysogenum differing in the cultural morphological and biochemical properties and the titer of virus PBV5 were studied. The data provided a supposition that there were definite connections between the titer of virus PBV5 in the mycelium and the fungus ability for the antibiotic production. PMID- 817656 TI - [PBV5 virus induction in Penicillium chrysogenum mycelium]. AB - The effect of some physical (increased temperature, UV light) and chemical (N nitrosomethylbiuret, proflavin, acridine orange) factors on the virus titer in 2 strains of Penicillium chrysogenum was studied. Thermoinactivation of the virus and its induction under the effect of UV light and proflavin were shown. Slight induction was observed with N-nitrosomethylbiuret and acridin orange. It was supposed that induction of the virus in the mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum was spontaneous. PMID- 817657 TI - [Study of the antagonistic action of actinomycetes on anthrax bacilli]. AB - Capacity for the growth inhibition of the highly virulent causative agent of Siberia plague was studied with respect to actinomycetous strains from soil samples of the Ukraine. It was found that on nutrient media 88.4, 88.9, 88.1 and 93.4% of the isolates inhibited the growth of Bac. anthracis, Bac. cereus, Bac. mycoides and Tsenkovsky vaccine strain respectively. Representatives of very different taxonomic groups were found among the antagonistic actinomycetes. Clearance of the soil from Siberia plague bacilli stable to the outer effect with the help of the active strain L-721 of Act. chromofuscus was observed. The effect was chown in sterilized soil, not sterile soil and soil monolith. PMID- 817658 TI - Multiple-aminoglycoside-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis deficient in accumulation of kanamycin. AB - Three classes of spontaneous multiple-aminoglycoside-resistant (mar) mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated by plating on a low (1.2 mug/ml) concentration of kanamycin sulfate and were found to be resistant also to low concentrations of paromomycin, neomycin and gentamicin. The three classes could be distinguished one from another by their degree of cytochrome deficiency, respiration deficiency, and susceptibility to kanamycin lethality. A fluctuation test showed that the mutations were spontaneous and not induced by the conditions of selection. Representative strains from two classes of mutants (mar-2 and mar-3) accumulated aminoglycoside very poorly in comparison with the parent strain, whereas a strain of the third class (mar-1) inactivated aminoglycoside present in the growth medium. The mar-3 strain studied (aroD163) had previously been shown to be a menaquinone auxotroph (Farrand and Taber, 1973) and to be deficient in amino acid uptake (Bisschop et al., 1975). Such mutants, which are resistant to low concentrations of aminoglycosides, may be of use in elucidating the biochemical and genetic bases of certain bacterial transport systems. PMID- 817660 TI - 4,4'-isopropylidine-bis(2-isopropyl)phenol, a new inhibitor for cell wall formation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - 4,4'-Isopropylidine-bis[2-isopropyl]phenol was found to possess antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and some fungi, whereas it had no effect on gram-negative organisms. The drug has a potent inhibitory action on the synthesis of cell wall mucopeptides of Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting the enzyme d-glutamate ligase, which is responsible for the incorporation of d-glutamic acid into uridine 5'-diphosphate-muramyl-l-alanine. The drug had a weak lytic effect on protoplasts and inhibited protein synthesis, whereas no significant effect on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid was found. PMID- 817659 TI - Evaluation of antibiotic efficacy using electron microscopy: morphological effects of guanylureido cephalosporin, chlorobenzoylureido cephalosporin, BL P1654, and carbenicillin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin, BL-P1654, and two cephalosporins (112384 and 112883) was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration determinations, [(14)C]leucine uptake studies, morphological studies of colonial growth, and mouse intraperitoneal inoculations. Spheroplast formation and bacterial lysis were not the early response; instead, cell division was inhibited and long filaments were formed. Spheroplast formation and bacterial lysis were not observed in the first 7 h of incubation in minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotic. PMID- 817662 TI - Comparison and evaluation of ticarcillin and carbenicillin using disk diffusion methods. AB - Ticarcillin has proved to be two- to fourfold more active than carbenicillin against most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although susceptibility of the Enterobacteriaceae to ticarcillin could be predicted from results obtained with carbenicillin disks, neither the 50-mug nor the 100-mug carbenicillin disk proved suitable for testing susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to ticarcillin. Forty-three percent of Pseudomonas strains judged to be resistant to carbenicillin by the 100 mug carbenicillin disk were susceptible to ticarcillin by agar dilution studies. Results obtained with a 75-mug ticarcillin disk showed excellent correlation between zone size and ticarcillin minimal inhibitory concentration values and produced good discrimination between resistant and susceptible strains of Pseudomonas as determined by agar dilution studies. Using a 75-mug ticarcillin disk, a zone size of 12 to 14 mm was appropriate for designating intermediate susceptibility, and a zone greater than or equal to 15 mm was appropriate for designating susceptible strains of both P. aeruginosa and the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 817661 TI - Bactericidal efficacy of Sch 20569 and amikacin against gentamicin-sensitive and resistant organisms. AB - Sch 20569 is a semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin with activity against many gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. We compared its bactericidal action with that of gentamicin and amikacin against 171 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sch 20569 and amikacin showed markedly greater activity than gentamicin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and indole-positive Proteus, primarily by virtue of their lethal effect on gentamicin-resistant strains (minimal bactericidal concentration >/= 12.5 mug/ml). Indole-negative Proteus isolates were uniformly sensitive to Sch 20569, whereas several were resistant to both gentamicin and amikacin. Amikacin was most active against Providencia, as was gentamicin against Serratia. All three agents exhibited similar activity against Pseudomonas. Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to gentamicin and Sch 20569 than to amikacin. PMID- 817663 TI - Effect of clindamycin on the in vitro activity of amikacin and gentamicin against gram-negative bacilli. AB - The in vitro effect of clindamycin on the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of amikacin (BB-K8) and gentamicin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by the checkerboard technique in microtiter plates. Clindamycin (15 mug/ml) produced statistically significant increases in the minimal bactericidal concentrations of amikacin and gentamicin against E. coli and Klebsiellae at 2 and 4 h of incubation. The minimal bactericidal concentration against P. aeruginosa was not affected. Higher concentrations of clindamycin (20 to 25 mug/ml) reduced the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of amikacin and gentamicin for E. coli at 18 h of incubation. The synergistic bactericidal activity of amikacin and carbenicillin against E. coli, but not P. aeruginosa, was also inhibited slightly by clindamycin (15 mug/ml). The clinical implications of this inhibition of the early bactericidal in vitro activity of aminoglycosides by clindamycin remain to be determined. Although these in vitro results have not been studied in clinical infections, it is conceivable that slight interference in early bacterial killing could alter the outcome of infection in the immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 817665 TI - Pirbenicillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad-spectrum activity. AB - Pirbenicillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin which inhibited 67% of isolates of Proteus aeruginosa tested in our laboratory, 93% of P. mirabilis, 31% of Enterobacter spp., 41% of Serratia spp., and 58% of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 6.25 mug/ml. Its activity appeared to be inoculum dependent and it was virtually inactive against 10(7) inocula of P. aeruginosa. It was more active than carbenicillin or ticarcillin, but less active than BL-P1654 against P. aeruginosa. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin appeared to be more active than pirbenicillin against Proteus spp., but pirbenicillin was active against some isolates of Klebsiella spp. PMID- 817664 TI - Binding of thiostrepton to ribosomes from thiostrepton-sensitive and -resistant Bacillus subtilis strains. AB - Binding of [(35)S]thiostrepton to ribosomes from thiostrepton-sensitive and resistant strains of Bacillus subtilis was studied. Ribosomes from thiostrepton resistant strains bound relatively little thiostrepton compared with ribosomes from thiostrepton-sensitive B. subtilis. In addition, ribosomes from revertant strains that were obtained as thiostrepton-sensitive revertants from thiostrepton resistant strains bound [(35)S]thiostrepton similarly to ribosomes from the sensitive parental strain. PMID- 817667 TI - Effect of iron on the biodegradation of petroleum in seawater. AB - The biodegradation of South Louisiana (SL) crude oil and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron supplements on this process were compared in a polluted (10,900 oil degraders per liter) and in a relatively clean (750 oil degraders per liter) littoral seawater sample taken along the New Jersey coast. Without supplements, the biodegradation of SL crude oil was negligible in both seawater samples. Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus allowed very rapid biodegradation (72% in 3 days) in polluted seawater. Total iron in this seawater sample was high (5.2 muM), and the addition of iron did not increase the biodegradation rate further. In the less polluted and less iron-rich (1.2 muM) seawater sample, biodegradation of SL crude oil was considerably slower (21% in 3 days) and the addition of chelated iron had a stimulating effect. Ferric octoate was shown to have a similar stimulating effect on SL crude oil biodegradation as chelated iron. Ferric octoate, in combination with paraffinized urea and octylphosphate, is suitable for treatment of floating oil slicks. We conclude that spills of SL crude and similar oils can be cleaned up rapidly and efficiently by stimulated biodegradation, provided the water temperatures are favorable. PMID- 817666 TI - Mutagenic action of nitrofurans on Euglena gracilis and Mycobacterium phlei. AB - There is a pronounced difference between the action of antibiotics and nitrofurans on Euglena gracilis. Those antibiotics that induce hereditary loss of chloroplasts do so only when they affect dividing cells. On the other hand, nitrofurans induce a mass mutation in both dividing and nondividing cells (under conditions of continuous illumination of cultures). It was found that a breakdown product, 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde, is liberated from furadantin and furoxone. This intermediate is responsible for the observed specific mutagenicity of 5 nitrofuran drugs. The mutagenic action of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde is very similar to that of nitrosoguanidine. Both compounds induce bleached mutants of E. gracilis when acting on growing or resting cells, regardless of the dark or light conditions. Similarly, both compounds induce reverse mutations in auxotrophic strains of Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 817669 TI - T-cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 817668 TI - Electron microscopy of virulent phages for Streptococcus lactis. AB - Electron microscopic studies were made on eight virulent Streptococcus lactis bacteriophages. These phages were taken as representative of eight host range groups established in a study of 75 phage isolates and 253 hosts (213 S. lactis, 22 S. cremoris, 18 S. diacetilactis). The phages studied were shown to have an isometric hexagonal head and noncontractile tails, usually several times longer than the head diameter. The virus heads were octahedral. The phages investigated represented three morphological types on the basis of head diameter , tail thickness, and tail length. These dimensions were approximately: for type I phages, 63, 172, and 11 nm, respectively; type II, 73, 200, and 20 nm, respectively; and type III, represented here by a single phage, 98, 551, and 12 nm, respectively. The tail surface revealed a different arrangment of the structural subunits which lent a helical appearance to the tails of type I and II phages and a guaffered tube appearance to the tail of type III phage. The number of turns along the tail axis, turn length, axial pitch, and helix angle were: type I, 32, 12 to 13 nm, 7.14 nm, and 11 degrees 43', respectively; type II, 24, 24, to 28 nm, 40.00 nm, and 32 degrees 30', respectively; and type III, 120, 12 nm, and no visible slope towards the axis. The morphology types showed complete correlation with serological groups, but not with groups based on host range pattern. PMID- 817670 TI - [Meningococcal infections in Belgium in 1974]. PMID- 817671 TI - Translocation of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 from soil into carrots under field conditions. AB - The extent and selectivity of transfer of the components of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 from a sandy loam soil into carrots under field conditions were studied. Five of the gas chromatographic peaks of this PCB, designated 1, 4, 5, 8, and 10 with increasing retention time, were quantitated. After 23 months the concentration of peak 10 in soil remained unchanged, but peak 1 decreased by 34 +/- 3%. Lesser chlorinated peak 1 was translocated from soil into carrots five to eight times more than highly chlorinated peak 10. The residues (in ppm) of peaks 1 and 10 in carrot root were 30 to 50% and 3 to 4%, respectively, of that of the soil: The degree of translocation for PCBs was of the same order of magnitude as for the persistent organochlorine insecticides. Carrot foliage contained 1 to 6% as much of the PCB residues (in ppm) as the soil. Since peak 1 was present in about 2.5 times greater amount than peak 10 in foliage, whereas it was present in about five to nine times greater amount in roots, direct foliar contamination by soil dust is suggested. PMID- 817672 TI - Identification by physical means of organic moieties of conjugates produced from carbaryl by tobacco cells in suspension culture. AB - Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), labeled with 14C in the C1-naphthyl, carbonyl, or N-methyl position, was introduced into the culture medium of tobacco cells in suspension culture. Following incubation, cells were homogenized in water, centrifugated, and supernatants hydrolyzed with beta-glucosidase or HCl. Organic moieties (moieties) were characterized by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and many were subsequently identified by infrared and mass spectrometry. On the basis of the data obtained with 14C1-naphthyl-labeled carbaryl, it appeared that 18.4% of the total characterized metabolites represented unconjugated N-CH2OH- carbaryl [1-naphthyl N (hydroxymethyl)carbamate], excreted by the cells into the culture medium. The metabolites found in the cells primarily consisted of conjugates of 1-naphthol (73.6% of the total characterized metabolites) and N-CH2OH-carbaryl (2.5%). Conjugates of 7-hydroxycarbaryl (7-hydroxy-1-napthyl methylcarbamate), 4 hydroxycarbaryl (4-hydroxy-1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), and 5-hydroxycarbaryl (5 hydroxy-1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) were also detected in small amounts. Of five unknown 14C1-naphthyl-labeled carbaryl metabolites, three were tentatively characterized as: O-1-naphthylcholesterol (Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl-1-napthol: 3.0%); an unconjugated hydroxylated 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epiperoxynapththalene (1.4%); and an acidlabile, beta-glucosidase-resistant conjugate of a cis-dihydrodiol of 1 naphthol (0.3%; other than the trans-5,6-dihydrodiol). The cholesterol derivative may represent a new "detoxification mechanism" in plants; the epiperoxide may help to elucidate plant oxidation mechanisms. A new TLC procedure was developed which successfully separated the acetate derivative of N-hydroxycarbaryl (1 naphthyl N-hydroxy-N-methylcarbamate) from 12 other common moieties of carbaryl metabolites and their acetate derivatives. A new two-dimensional TLC system was developed for the separation of underivatized N-hydroxycarbaryl from 14 other moieties of carbaryl metabolites; two additional two-dimensional TLC systems were utilized for moiety separations. With these TLC procedures, no conjugated or unconjugated N-hydroxycarbaryl could be detected in any tobacco cell culture fraction after incubation of cells in medium containing radiolabeled carbaryl. Authentic 14C1-naphthyl-labeled N-CH2OH-carbaryl was shown to be converted to desmethylcarbaryl (1-naphthylcarbamate) 97%) and 1-naphthol (3%) by 0.1N HCl hydrolysis. PMID- 817673 TI - Identification of PCB's in the presence of DDT-type compounds using low temperature luminescence. AB - Low temperature (77 degrees K) luminescence spectra of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), DDT-type compounds and mixtures suggest a simplified method for identification and quantitation of aromatic pesticides with minimal prior sample treatment. Spectral differences allow identification of PCB's in the presence of DDT and the converse. Approximate detection limits, possible interferences and suggestions for further work are discussed PMID- 817674 TI - Effect of administration route on DDT on acute toxicity and on drug biotransformation in various rodents. AB - DDT was administered to the guinea pig, mouse and rat either ig or ip and to the hamster ig in order to investigate variations in the response of hepatic and duodenal drug-metabolizing enzymes to DDT. The intragastric dose (160 mg/kg) was found to produce gastric bleeding and severe tremor in rats and mice but not in other rodents. The hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P 450 concentration decreased after the ig administration of DDT to rats, mice and guinea pigs but in hamsters the activiy of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 concentration increased 12 hr after the dosage. The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity decreased also in the duodenal mucosa of the rat after the ig administration of DDT. The ip dose had no effects on the hepatic or duodenal monooxygenase system in 12 hr. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was slightly lowered in hepatic microsomes of the rat and mouse after the ig dose of DDT, but the decrease was more profound when measured after in vitro trypsin digestion of microsomes. The trypsin digestion activated the hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase in all the species studied, i.e., guinea pig, hamster, mouse and rat (3-, 3-, 5-, and 8-fold, respectively). The duodenal UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was not affected by DDT administration in any of the species studied. The results suggest that the acute toxic effects of DDT are species-dependent and the administration route is important in DDT toxicity. The hydroxylation step in drug metabolism is more sensitive to DDT than the glucuronidation step. PMID- 817675 TI - Apparent pharmacokinetics of PCB components in growing pigs and lambs when fed a ration containing Aroclor 1254. AB - Young growing lambs and pigs were fed a ration containing 200 ppm of Aroclor 1254 for 35 days and then switched to "clean" feed. Blood and fat samples were collected periodically throughout the experiment and analyzed for components of Aroclor 1254 and total PCB. Several components are apparently accumulated and eliminated at different rates within each species, as seen by comparing gas chromatograph tracings, accumulation ratios and apparent rate constants of elimination. Differences in accumulation and elimination of Aroclor components, some of which were apparently caused by differences in growth rates, were also seen between pigs and lambs. Variable growth rates of different species of food producing animals are an important factor to consider when dealing with tissue distribution and residues of polychlorinated biphenyls for determination of carcass disposition, as well as accumulation of toxic concentrations in the animal body. PMID- 817676 TI - Effect of dam's diet on PCB accumulation in nursing Osborne Mendel pups. AB - Upon parturition, dams were fed high fat or high carbohydrate diets to which 1, 10, and 30 ppm of Aroclor 1254 were added to study the effect of diet on fat and PCB accumulation in nursing pups. The percentage of body fat in the carcasses of 0, 8, and 16 day old pups ranged from 2.2 to 18.2% and from 1.2 to 12.0% for animals suckled by dams fed high fat and high carbohydrate rations, respectively. Accumulation of Aroclor 1254 expressed as ppm wet weight or as total PCB's per pup was similar for animals nursed by dams fed either the high fat or high carbohydrate ration, but pups from dams fed a high carbohydrate ration also had significantly less body fat. Therefore, transfer of PCBs via the milk appears to be more a function of the amounts of PCB's consumed by the dam than the diet's ability to increase the percentage of body fat in the pups. PMID- 817677 TI - A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency during total parenteral alimentation in man. AB - Changes in the plasma and urine levels of the trace metal zinc have been followed in a series of 37 adult patients totally supported by intravenous alimentation. Copper has also been determined in more recent cases. In such a seriously ill group, although urinary zinc loss may be very high at the height of catabolism, severe plasma depletion does not occur unless there is a subsequent phase of sustained anabolism and weight gain. In four patients plasma zinc fell to very low levels during this phase and three of this group developed a syndrome characterized by diarrhea, mental depression, para-nasal, oral and peri-oral dermatitis, and alopecia. The response to oral or intravenous zinc therapy is striking, except for hair regrowth which is delayed but eventually complete. The syndrome we have recognized in adult man has not been previously described. It resembles however the parakeratosis of zinc deficient swine and it is also very similar to Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a genetically determined disorder of infants very recently linked to zinc deficiency. Zinc is clearly essential to human metabolism and it should be included in all parenteral alimentation regimes particularly during the period of rapid, sustained, weight gain. PMID- 817678 TI - Glucocorticoid effect on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in the endotoxin-shocked monkey. AB - This study investigated the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on survival, on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, and on levels of hepatic adenine nucleotides in the endotoxin-shocked monkey. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DMP) administered either at the time of endotoxin challenge or up to 90 minutes afterward significantly increased the survival rates. Endotoxin administered alone caused profound hypoglycemia and lactic-acidemia, which were alleviated by the administration of DMP. Endotoxin administered alone significantly decreased the hepatic levels of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, phospho enolpyruvate, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and glycogen; and it significantly increased the hepatic levels of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, lactate, and adenosine mono-phosphate. The administration of DMP at the time of endotoxin challenge maintained the levels of all these metabolites at or near the control levels. PMID- 817681 TI - [Vascularization of the sino-atrial and atrioventricular nodes]. AB - A recent personal study of the coronary arteries has enabled us to give precise details of the blood supply of the nodal structures. The right coronary artery is the commonest source (supplying 67% of the sino-atrial nodes, 85% of the atrio ventricular nodes, and both nodes simultaneously in 60%). During the course of this study we have also demonstrated that the sino-atrial node may have a double vascular supply. It seems likely that the blood supply to the atrio-ventricular node is complex; because of the limitations of our study method, we examined only the main source of supply. PMID- 817680 TI - Experimental infection of Aotus monkeys with Plasmodium falciparum Light and electron microscopic changes. AB - Six splenectomized Aotus owl monkeys were infected with P. falciparum. The animals were sacrificed when they became moribund and tissues were faken for light and electron microscopic studies. Electron microscopy revealed marked structural changes in both the liver and the heart. In the liver there was glycogen depletion, lipid droplet infiltration mitochondrial disorganization with reduction in numbers and alterations of the microvilli in the sinusoidal pole and the bile canaliculi. In the heart, there was lipid droplet infiltration and focal disorganization of the myofibrils around the intercalated disc. There was focal mitochondrial disorganization and mitochondrial concentration around the muscle lesion. The ultrastructural changes in liver and heart were similar to those described in animals dying of shock, of at least two hours duration, in different experimental models. Ultrastructural lesions found in other organs were less marked. In the kidneys there was mainly a moderate lipid infiltration of the tubular epithelium. This change is probably the early precursor of that seen at four hours in animals dying in experimental shock. The above changes are discussed in light of the known pathophysiology of both experimental infections in animals and natural human malarial infections. PMID- 817679 TI - Prevention of induced atherosclerosis by diversion of bile or blockade of intestinal lymphatics in dogs. AB - The prevention of induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis was studied by means of intestinal lymphatic blockade and of bile diversion in the dog. Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis were produced by high cholesterol feeding after induction of hypothyroidism with radio-iodine plus thiouracil. Complete diversion of bile, by shunting all bile into the urinary bladder, effectively prevented hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis; in contrast, blockade of the intestinal lymphatics failed to prevent the consequences of the atherogenic regimen, because of the development of collateral lymphatic channels. PMID- 817682 TI - [Congenital abnormalities of origin or distribution of the coronary arteries arising from the aorta]. AB - The authors report 16 cases of this type, without associated cardiac abnormality, seen in the course of 3000 coronary arteriographies in adults. The diagnosis has been made on the findings at selective coronary arteriography, completed eight times by one totalinjection above the sinus. A classification of distribution anomalies and of cases of hypoplasia of one coronary artery is put forward, based on the number of ostia. The role which these anomalies might play in the genesis of myocardial ischaemia is discussed, and was formally considered responsible in two cases. It has not been demonstrated that they play a part in the development of atheromatous stenosis of the coronary arteries. It is vital that these anomalies should be recognized preoperatively. PMID- 817683 TI - [Paroxysmal junctional tachycardia. Determination of the inferior point of junction of the reentry circuit. Dissociation of the intra-nodal reciprocal rhythms]. AB - Stimulation of the bundle of His and of the uppermost portion of the interventricular septum gives us an opportunity to make a precise study of capture phenomena in patients with paroxysmal nodal tachycardia. According to whether the capture is correctly timed, delayed, or unusually premature, the inferior junction point of the reentry circuit can be located precisely by reference to the H wave and the onset of the R wave. Out of a series of 65 patients, only 30 of whom had a true WPW syndrome, it was shown that 43 cases had a bundle of Kent which ensured retrograde conduction during the tachycardia, and was therefore the seat of a unidirectional block in 13 cases. In 22 cases (33.8%) the diagnosis of WPW syndrome was excluded, but the reentry circuit was nevertheless not of nodal origin. The inferior junction point of the circuit was effectively situated between H and R in 12 cases, and at H in 5. In only 5 cases (7.8%) might there have been a reciprocal intra-nodal rhythm, which should not necessarily be taken as proof of its existence. The validity of the classical criteria in localising the reentry circuit is discussed. PMID- 817684 TI - [Surgical correction of septal ruptures after recent acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The problems which are raised by surgical correction of a rupture of the septum complicating an acute myocardial infarction are illustrated by a study of 15 patients admitted for resuscitation. Rarely (3 cases) the anatomical abnormality is well tolerated, and a "planned" secondary operative procedure can then be carried out. More often (12 cases) the severity of the circulatory sequelae makes urgent surgery mandatory; these very severe cases have benefited greatly from advances in medical resuscitation, assisted circulation, and operative techniques. PMID- 817685 TI - [Adaptation of left ventricular performance to isometric stress]. AB - The authors report the haemodynamic changes observed during isometric stress corresponding to 30% of the maximum isometric effort, sustained for 3 minutes, in 22 normal subjects and 12 patients with cardiomyopathy. Echocardiographic study of the left ventricular diameters of 10 cardiac patients completes the work. The heart rate in normal subjects during effort increases by 45 +/- 30%, and the flow by 30 +/- 24%. The blood pressure is raised by +/- 25 +/- 8 mmHg, without significant change in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (less than +4 mmHg), or in peripheral resistance. The external work of the left ventricle increases by 75 +/- 41%, demonstrating an increase in the inotropic state of the myocardium. Max. vec. and the various indices of contractility are increased on average by +8.29 +/- 4.55 28 c/s. Adaptation to the increased pressure brings into play only the contractile reserve of the myocardium. PMID- 817686 TI - [Phonomechanography of recent myocardial infarct: the jugulogram and carotidogram]. AB - The mechanographic tracings of 30 patients with recent myocardial infarction, usually uncomplicated and without mitral incompetence, were compared with those of two control groups. The jugular venogram was unhelpful; full measurements can be made in only 40% of cases, and the scatter of normal values is too great. The carotid arteriogram is usually of the "arterial" type. Transmission time and the duration of the rising phase were both shortened. These findings result from the high level of peripheral resistance. The mean left systolic time was, except for qB2, abnormal, and remained so at the end of the first month. In this series there were neither maximal changes in J3, nor significant improvement from J12 nor J30. The largest increases in PPE and PPE/LVET were found in cases with large infarcts, and the largest reduction of LVET was in a case with left ventricular failure. There was no particular peculiarity corresponding with the site of the necrosis. Alteration in the ratio PPE/LVET is often a lasting measure of depressed left ventricular function. It would be most useful to study this ratio in the long term and to use it as a measure of recovery of function and as a guide to advising the patient on his future life style. PMID- 817687 TI - [Phonocardiographic and mechanographic study of 12 cases of constrictive endocardial fibrosis (or endomyocardial fibrosis)]. AB - A phonomechanographic study of 12 patients with restrictive endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) has highlighted the essential criteria for the diagnosis of this condition. The "ventricular" type of JVP, with a dip-plateau, is a reliable sign of right-sided EMF; this sign is more rarely of the tricuspid incompetence type. A similar picture emerges from recordings of hepatic pulsation, or other venous pulses. An apex-cardiogram with a dip-plateau is in favour of the diagnosis of left-sided EMF. The finding of a recordable infundibular impulse supports a left sided EMF. Demonstration of an early-diastolic thrill, of endocardial origin, is an essential feature of this condition. It coincides with the rising phase of the dip, and was found in 10 of our 12 cases. There may also be murmurs arising from the pulmonary and atrio-ventricular valves. The characteristic feature of the carotid tracing is a prolonged pulse wave, with corresponding reduction of the haemodynamic quotient. These signs result from contraction of the potential filling space of the ventricle, from the restricted movement of the atrio ventricular valves, and from a reduced blood flow. PMID- 817688 TI - [Echocardiographic abnormalities in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. AB - Eight patients with prolapsed mitral valve syndrome, with a mid - or - end - diastolic click or murmur, underwent echocardiographic examination using ultrasound. Examination of the displacement of the valves by the "time motion" method showed all cases to have an abnormal recoil; in 6 cases this occurred in mid or late systole, and in two from the beginning of systole. The recorded amplitude of the pathological displacement, which gives the systolic tracings a domed appearance, and the consistancy with which it could be recorded (irrespective of the incidence of the ultrasonic waves), seem to afford a method for evaluating the degree of prolapse which, in most cases, involves both the valves. The authors compare their results with those which have already appeared in the literature, and emphasise the very real contribution which echocardiography can make in the diagnosis and assessment of the prolapsed mitral valve syndrome. PMID- 817689 TI - [Post-cannulation stenosis of the left coronary artery trunk. 5 operated cases]. AB - The authors report five cases of stenosis of the trunk of the left coronary artery following cannulation of the coronary artery, and discuss the types of lesion, and whether they exist as an entity. The morbidity of these lesions, and the threat of sudden death which they pose, indicates an aggressive treatment plan: - definite angina occurring 2 to 6 months after aortic surgery (under coronary artery perfusion) is an indication for urgent coronary arteriography; - this investigation must be followed by a revascularization procedure within a few days if it shows a tight stenosis of the coronary trunk. The constant finding of a good vascular bed distally would seem to presage good long-term results. PMID- 817690 TI - [Coronary stenosis after cannulation. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 817692 TI - [Cardiac stimulation: intermittent capture and loss of control, immediate lowering of the threshold]. AB - The threshold for pacemaking by electrical stimulation is always above the threshold of excitation; it is possible to observe a progression, with intermittent capture and then loss of control, if the amplitude of the stimulus is progressively increased and then decreased. It has also been shown that, after a few minutes of stimulation, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the impulse slightly without losing control, which is evidence of an immediate reduction in the threshold for electrical stimulation. Permanent loss of all response has been shown to occur at a lower level than that at which the original intermittent capture occurred. The threshold of excitation itself is therefore also lowered. These phenomena occur within the electrical levels, for which the titles "gradients of resistance" and "gradients of facilitation" have already been proposed. The present study, using bipolar intracavity stimulation of the right side, shows how easily the investigation was carried out in 20 patients, and their individual variations. These gradients are the expression of a constant inherent quality of the heart, and form new parameters of myocardial excitability; they open up new horizons for electrophysiological research, for cardiac stimulation, and for study of disorders of rhythm. PMID- 817691 TI - [Value of the exercise test in the functional evaluation of non-coronary cardiac patients]. AB - 72 cardiac patients underwent an exercise test on the bicycle ergometer, with direct measurement of the oxygen consumption (VO2). These results are compared with those of 55 healthy subjects undergoing the same test. The amount of handicap varied with the nature of the cardiac lesion, being 39% for the mitral and cardiomyopathy groups, 31% for those with both mitral and aortic valve disease, 27% for the aortic valve group, and 25% for those with congenital abnormalities. The linear relationship between Watts and VO2 was reproduced both in the healthy and cardiac subjects, which allows us to calculate the value of VO2 under conditions of load for more than 3 minutes during a standardized exercise test. PMID- 817693 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis type V. (Scheie syndrome). A postmortem study by multidisciplinary techniques with emphasis on the brain. AB - Multidisciplinary studies were conducted on the brain and other tissues of patients who died with the antemortem diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) of one of the following types; type V, Scheie disease (MPS-V); type I, Hurler disease (MPS-I): and type II, Hunter disease (MPS-II). The principal new finding in the brain of the patient with MPS-V is the presence of lesions in the periadventitial mesenchymal tissue of the white matter, similar to those of MPS I, while the nerve cells in MPS-V are histologically normal, in contradistinction to MPS-I, in which the neuronal abnormality is severe. Electron microscopical studies of the brain in MPS-I demonstrated numerous complex membranous inclusions in the neurons, whereas the neurons in MPS-V contained only a small number of lipofuscin-like inclusions and typical lipofuscin granules. There was a threefold increase of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the brain of MPS-I, but only a slight increase in the MPS-V; GAG in the liver and spleen of all patients was noticeably increased. alpha-L-iduronidase activity was not detectable in the brain and liver of patients with MPS-I and MPS-V, thus suggesting a similar enzymatic defect. PMID- 817695 TI - Membership roster. Arkansas State Dental Association. PMID- 817694 TI - Invitro evaluation of marginal leakage of four luting medias. PMID- 817696 TI - Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy. A controlled clinical trial in simple absences, bilateral massive epileptic myoclonus, and atonic seizures. AB - In a controlled clinical investigation based on ten patients with simple absences and ten patients with myoclonic atonic seizures, all patients who had insufficient response to conventional antiepileptic treatment received clonazepam (Rivotril [Denmark]; Clonopin, comparable US product) combined with previous antiepileptic drugs. The effects of the combined use of clonazepam and the previous antiepileptid drugs were compared with the effects of placebo combined with the same drugs. The trial was single-blind crossover with sequential analysis. In a daily dose of usually 3 to 6 mg, depending on patient age, the antiepileptic effect of clonazepam was significantly superior to placebo and was estimated as remarkably good. Side-effects of somnolence, fatigue, drowsiness, and coordination disturbances occurred in most of the patients, but subsided spontaneously or could be controlled by slow increase or slight reduction of dosage. Mental sideeffects such as agitation, confusion, and aggressiveness were more troublesome and caused discontinuation of clonazepam in two patients. PMID- 817698 TI - Six years of high-level levodopa therapy in severely akinetic parkinsonian patients. AB - The clinical course and the side effects of high-level levodopa therapy over a six-year period were studied in 80 severely akinetic parkinsonian patients treated for the first time before June 1968. Levodopa improved the quality of life in greater than 53% of patients, but failed to modify the progression of the disease or change the prognosis. Seventeen "idiopathic Parkinson" patients died after a duration of illness of 9.5 years. Despite the drawbacks, levodopa is still the best available treatment for akinetic parkinsonism. PMID- 817697 TI - Clonazepam. A review of a new anticonvulsant drug. AB - Clonazepam is a new benzodiazepine anticonvulsant recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of typical absence, infantile myoclonic, atypical absence, myoclonic, and akinetic seizures. It is rapidly absorbed by the oral route and appears to pass quickly from blood to brain. Preliminary results indicate a biological half-life of 22 to 32 hours and a therapeutic serum concentration of 5 to 50 ng/ml. Many studies report tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects with chronic administration. Major side effects of the drug are drowsiness, ataxia, and behavior changes. They tend to be dose related, occur early in the course of therapy, and may subside with chronic administration. Accordingly, the dosage is begun at a low level and increased slowly. PMID- 817700 TI - Vascularization of ossified cartilage and the spread of cancer in the larynx. AB - Twenty specimens for laryngectomy in extensive cancer of the larynx were examined after injecting the blood vessels with silicone rubber. The behavior of the vessels during the process of destruction of the laryngeal cartilages by the neoplasm were evaluated, as was the part played by the vascular system in spreading cancer in the larynx and its passage beyond the anatomical borders of this organ. Cartilages are damaged by cancer mainly in ossified and vascularized sites. The nonossified and avascular cartilages, on the contrary, are maintained in an almost unchanged condition amid the extensive tumorous masses surrounding them. PMID- 817699 TI - Cerebral protection by barbiturate anesthesia. Use after middle cerebral artery occlusion in Java monkeys. AB - Regional cerebral ischemia was produced in 18 Java monkeys by permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. All monkeys were thereafter paralyzed (pancuronium bromide, 0.05 mg/kg/hr) and sedated (diazepam, 0.1 mg/kg/hr) for a 48-hour period. Thirty minutes after MCA occlusion, pentobarbital sodium anesthesia was induced in nine of the monkeys (14 mg/kg) and maintained for 48 hours (7 mg/kg every two hours), with continuous supportive care. After 48 hours, all drugs were discontinued; the monkeys were observed for five days, and then killed. Seven of the control monkeys developed a cerebral infarction, three did not survive past the 48 hours of intensive care, and the other four had a notable neurologic deficit. All pentobarbital monkeys survived the seven days, but four had a cerebral infarction and two of these had a notable neurologic deficit. These differences were statistically significant. PMID- 817701 TI - Malignant external otitis in children. AB - Malignant external otitis is a very serious variant of external ear infection. It is caused by Pseudomonas aeruglinosa, affects elderly diabetic patients and bears high mortality. The disease may occur in children in whom malnutrition and anemia create suitable conditions for P aeruginosa infection. The disease differs in children, it invades the middle ear and facial nerve in its intratemporal course. The treatment should consist of large doses of carbenicillin sodium and gentamicin sulfate, together with the thorough surgical debridement of all infected tissues. PMID- 817702 TI - Sudden death in infant primates from induced laryngeal occlusion. AB - Thirteen infant and juvenile monkeys and baboons were studied in procedures designed to assess the functional characteristics of the upper airway, with special attention to the consequences of laryngeal nerve stimulation. In young animals, stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve produced closure of the airway in sufficient degree and duration to cause death. Older juvenile monkeys were resistant to fatal laryngospasm induced by nerve stimulation. A variety of patterns of general autonomic response accompanied the airway changes. These results are consistent with (1) a laryngospasm hypothesis to account for certain terminal events in sudden infant death syndrome, and (2) prior observations of age-related general autonomic stability. PMID- 817703 TI - Brucella abortus infection in the bull. AB - Observations on 2 bulls from a brucella-infected property are reported. Bull 1 gave serological reactions to Br. abortus in both the SAT and CFT from day 0 to day 141. Br. abortus was not recovered from semen and the bull remained clinically normal. The serological status of bull 2 changed from negative to positive to negative over a 203 day period and remained negative for a further 74 days. Semen agglutinins were only detected on one occasion (20 iu). The first clinical sign observed was epididymitis followed by orchitis, which became apparent on day 122. Br. abortus was not recovered from semen but at autopsy, on day 363, Br. abortus biotype 1 was isolated from the right seminal vesicle and ampulla. The histology of the lesion is described. The literature relating to Br. abortus infection in the bull is discussed. Recommendations are made regarding the diagnosis of Br. abortus infection in bulls. PMID- 817704 TI - Letter: Host specificity of Sarcocystis SPP in sheep and cattle. PMID- 817705 TI - The genetic basis of receptivity of yellow mutant Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - Yellow mutant females of Drosophila melanogaster are more receptive to yellow males than are wild-type females. By chromosomal substitution, this enhanced receptivity has been localized to the X chromosome. Repeated backcrossing between a yellow and wild-type inbred line, with the yellow locus maintained segregating, allows the conclusion that the yellow locus itself is responsible for the enhanced female receptivity. PMID- 817706 TI - The behavioral phenotype and mating behavior of two inbred strains of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Time to copulation was measured in matings within and between two inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains, Edinburgh (E) and 6C/L, using groups of one or five flies of each sex. The E males, which mated faster, usually mate with E females, which are less likely to be fertilized and have fewer progeny whose adult viability is lower. Although generally E males mated far faster with E females than did 6C/L males, there was no difference between the males when with 6C/L females. This need not imply any mating discrimination by E females, but only differences between the strains in the use of preening as a general repulsion movement toward other flies. It is suggested that a greater variety of behavioral and other characteristics (the "behavioral phenotype") should be considered in studies of mating speed and assortative mating, especially where mating speed is being considered as a major component of fitness. PMID- 817707 TI - Behavior and single gene substitution in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Mating and courtship differences with w, cn, and bw loci. AB - The effect of single allele substitutions into an isogenic background in Oregon-R inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster on courtship and mating patterns has been studied. A comparison has been made between the white locus w, wco, we, the wild type w+, cn, bw, and cn bw to test the effect of eye pigmentation in influencing courtship and mating patterns. It was found that w, we, wco, cn, and bw females were more successful in mating than were wild-type and cn bw females, cn bw females being less successful than wild-type females. Also, w and cn bw males were equally successful in mating but less successful than wild-type males during the 20-min test period. The mutant males performed as well as the wild-type after courtship was initiated. The behavioral parameters measured were (1) courtship latency, the time from exposure of male to female until orientation; (2) mating speed, the time from beginning of orientation of male to female until successful copulation, and (3) copulation time. PMID- 817708 TI - Waldenstrom's disease of the jejunum. AB - A case of Waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia with characteristic clinical features was investigated in life and at autopsy. Using immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods it was confirmed that the abnormal clone of cells producing IgM formed a solitary tumour in the jejunum causing partial obstruction. Resection of the tumour led to an improvement in the clinical condition and biochemical measurements. PMID- 817709 TI - [Comparative infection studies with Egtved viruses (strain F1) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and gold trout (Salmo aguabonita)]. PMID- 817710 TI - [Interference of erythrocyte blood groups on the mother-fetus relationship and distribution of anti-HL-A antibodies in the newborn infant]. AB - One hundred and eighty eight pairs of mother--newborn was examinated. Cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies were found in 21% of mothers and 16, 5% of newborns. In 70% the mother's anti-HL-A antibodies passed in the foetus circulation. Authors did not found the damage of the foetus connected with the presence of anti-HL-A antibodies. We did not observe the corellation between the compatibility of antigens ABO and Rh Blood groups of mother and foetus, and the apparence of cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies. In the paiss A-B and O-B cytotoxic anti HL-A antibodies were present in significant high percent. PMID- 817711 TI - [Role of Zeta potentials in the Rh hemagglutination]. AB - The structures of IgG are described. Actual length of IgG is about 240 A, of IgA about 350 A, of IgM 420 A. AHG must be of perfect quality, with right quantities of gamma and beta globulines and with specifical anticomplement. To cause the agglutination, we have to reduce repulsive powers of erytrocites and the Zeta potential, which we can reach sometimes with centrifuging as with use of physiological solutions and albumins. Described is the mechanism of this bringing together, too. IgM reacts optimal at Zeta potential 17-18 mV, IgM at 4, 5--8, 5 mV. Mast usable for this is the albumine of 22%. PMID- 817713 TI - [Frequency of C W antigen]. AB - In this paper frequency of CW antigen is given. We observed 1126 persons where total Rh phenotype was examinated, and found 40 CW + with frequency of 3, 5%. These phenotypes are found: CWcD-ee 15--1, 31% CWcD-ee 21--1, 84% CWcD-Ee 4--0, 35%, but not rare. We present corellation between our results and literature. PMID- 817712 TI - [Incidence of blood groups in oncologic diseases]. AB - We determined the blood groups ABO and Rh system in 8,728 patients in the Blood Transfusion Department of the Institute for Tumors and Allied Diseases in Zagreb. The patients were classified according to the localization of the tumor and the blood groups examined. The distribution of blood groups from our patients were compared with the distribution of blood groups in the controlled population. PMID- 817714 TI - [Anamnestic reaction]. AB - From 402 pregnant women immunized with blood-group antigens, the anamnestic serologico-immunological reaction has been confirmed in 11 cases (2,7%). Because of the absolute low number of the cases that have been followed up no suggestions are suggested but only observations made with the invitation to professionals to follow up, in an organized form, this interesting phenomenon in blood group immunology. PMID- 817716 TI - [Significance of specific HL-A serums in selecting the recipient-donor couple for organ transplantation]. PMID- 817715 TI - [Case of Rh E and Kell antigen sensitization by blood transfusion]. AB - The case of a woman patient has been described. The patient suffered from trombocytopenia and hemorrhagic diathesis and was treated, apart of other therapy, with fresh blood transfusion. As the compatibility tests with some blood samples have shown positive results, a detailed immunohaematic analysis of the patient's blood and blood samples ready for transfusion has been carried out. It has been concluded that the patient was immunized with E Rh and Kell antigen that resulted in a positive compatibility test. PMID- 817717 TI - Bacteriophage-induced lytic enzyme which hydrolyzes L-alanine-D-glutamic acid peptide bond in peptidoglycan. PMID- 817718 TI - The calcium-binding glycoprotein and mitochondrial calcium movements. PMID- 817719 TI - Lytic enzymes in sporulating Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 817720 TI - Lack of evidence for the involvement of a beta-D-galactosyl-specific lectin in the fusion of chick myoblasts. PMID- 817721 TI - The effect of Ca2+ on the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyric acid by heart mitochondria. PMID- 817722 TI - Acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction by denitrifying bacteria. PMID- 817723 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the Spirulina platensis ferredoxin. PMID- 817724 TI - Biliary excretion of sterigmatocystin by vervet monkeys. PMID- 817725 TI - The metabolism of (14C)nicotine by isolated rhesus monkey hepatocytes in vitro. PMID- 817726 TI - The importance of phospholipase-A2 in prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 817727 TI - Observations of 1,1',1''-phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine (thiotepa) in acidic and saline media. a'h-NMR study. PMID- 817728 TI - Turnover and synthesis of diamine oxidase (DAO) in rat tissues. Studies with heparin and cycloheximide. PMID- 817729 TI - Evidence for altered hepatic catalase molecules in allylisopropylacetamide treated mice. PMID- 817731 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis. 4. Overall profile in comparison with dermis and other tissues. AB - The activities of fifteen acid hydrolases have been measured in seven tissues of the guinea-pig; fourteen of these were also assayed in the epidermis of four other mammalian species. The most striking finding was that the proportion of acid phosphatase was consistently much higher in epidermis than in the other tissues investigated. PMID- 817730 TI - Immunochemical studies of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) variants. PMID- 817732 TI - Absence of the sorbitol pathway in epidermis. PMID- 817733 TI - An improved procedure for the assay of available lysine and methionine in feedstuffs using Tetrahymena pyriformis W. AB - 1. A study was made of the assay of available lysine and available methionine using Tetrahymena pyriformis W, as applied to a variety of protein-rich feedstuffs. 2. Results were strongly influenced by the conditions under which the analyses were done. With most of the test samples predigestion with papain caused a large increase in the values obtained. 3. An improved assay procedure was developed which included enzymic predigestion of the test samples, "all-in" sterilization of the medium constituents, and measurement of growth from extinction values. It gave results for available lysine that were broadly similar to those obtained in growth tests with rats, and in chemical tests by the method of Carpenter (1960). Values for available methionine agreed closely with those obtained in microbiological tests with Streptococcus zymogenes. PMID- 817734 TI - The metabolism of [75Se]selenomethionine in four women. AB - 1. The long-term fate of an oral dose [75Se]selenomethionine was studied in four women. 2. Urinary and faecal excretion, respiratory losses and whole-body retention of 75Se were measured, and also 75Se turnover in whole body, plasma and erythrocyte during a period of 33-34 weeks. 3. Intestinal absorption of [75Se]selenomethionine by the four subjects was 95.5-97.3% of the administered dose. 4. Urinary excretion accounted for 6-9% of absorbed 75Se in the first 2 weeks. No radioactivity was detected in expired air. PMID- 817735 TI - Evidence that both growing DNA chains at a replication fork are synthesized discontinuously. AB - Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and T7-infected E. coli have been labeled with short pulses of [3H] thymidine, and the labeled DNA has been examined by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose. In all three systems, the great majority of the DNA labeled by a short pulse is found in the form of small DNA chains of 10S, the so-called Okazaki pieces. The B. subtilis and T7 nascent DNA fragments hybridize with equal efficiency to the separated strands of B. subtilis and T7 DNA, respectively. The results suggest that both growing DNA chains at a given replication fork are synthesized discontinuously in the case of E. coli, B. subtilis, and T7. We have found that the method used to terminate the pulse affects the size distribution of the labeled DNA; some methods allow joining of nascent DNA fragments after termination of the pulse. Previous reports of discontinuous DNA synthesis on only one growing DNA chain and continuous synthesis on the other DNA chain are probably due to preferential joining of Okazaki pieces on the DNA chain growing in the overall 5' leads to 3' direction. PMID- 817736 TI - One-step purification and properties of a two-peptide fatty acid synthetase from the uropygial gland of the goose. AB - Cell-free extracts from the uropygial gland of goose catalyzed the incorporation of malonyl-CoA into normal fatty acids and methylmalonyl-CoA into multimethyl branched acids with NADPH as the preferred reductant (J. S. Buckner and P.E. Kolattukudy (1975), Biochemistry 14, 1771). Purification of fatty acid synthetase from this extract was accomplished in one step by gel filtration with Sepharose 4B. Homogeneity of the fatty acid synthetase was shown by analytical ultracentrifugation, immunodiffusion assays, polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. At a pH of 7.0, apparent Km values of 3.6 X 10(-5) M and 1.5 X 10(-5) M were calculated for malonyl-C0A and NADPH, respectively. The major products synthesized by the enzyme from malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-C0A were free hexadecanoic acid and free 2, 4, 6, 8-tetramethyldecanoic acid, respectively, with acetyl-CoA as primer. A molecular weight value of 547 000 was determined for the goose fatty acid synthetase by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. The purified enzyme had an s20,w of 13.5S and was partially dissociated in low-ionic strength buffer into a 9.3S species, and this dissociation was accompanied by a corresponding partial inactivation of the enzymatic activity. Reassociation and reactivation of the partially dissociated fatty acid synthetase were accomplished in either 0.2 M KCl or 200 muM NADPH. These properties of the goose enzyme are similar to those of other animal fatty acid synthetases, as was the amino acid composition. Dissociation of the purified enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in only two equal molecular weight polypeptides (269 000), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Injection of labeled pantothenic acid into the uropygial gland resulted in the synthesis of labeled fatty acid synthetase in which the label appeared to be located exclusively in the 4'-phosphopantotheine moiety. Analysis of the labeled enzyme by gel filtration and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the labeled pantothenate was contained exclusively in the half molecular weight moiety. The enzyme contained one 4'-phosphopantetheine residue per subunit (269 000), as determined by measurement of the taurine generated by hydrolysis of performic acid-treated enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-activated proteolytic activity was shown to be associated with goose fatty acid synthetase, and this proteolysis was shown to result in the formation of small-molecular-weight protein fragments (less than 200 000) during treatment of the enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulfate. This proteolysis could be prevented by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and p-chloromercuribenzoate. These results strongly suggest that the goose uropygial gland fatty acid synthetase consists of two multifunctional polypeptide subunits, each containing one covalently linked 4' phosphopantetheine. PMID- 817737 TI - Identity and properties of the chloride effector binding site in hog pancreatic alpha-amylase. AB - The Cl- activated alpha-amylase from mammalian sources has been shown previously to possess one Cl- binding site per molecule (Levitzki, A., and Steer, M.L. (1974), Eur. J. Biochem. 41, 171). Upon binding of the Cl- effector the kcat of the amylolytic reaction is increased 30-fold whereas the affinity toward the substrate remains unchanged. In the study presented here we have identified the Cl- binding site as a single epsilon-amino group of lysine. The pK of the unique amino group was found to be 9.1, significantly lower than the pH of a free epsilon-amino group of lysine. This epsilon-NH2 group can be blocked by a 2, 4 dinitrophenyl group upon treating the enzyme with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene at pH 7.9. The dinitrophenylamylase is devoid of Cl- binding capacity but retains its substrate binding capacity. The dinitrophenylamylase also possesses the basal amylolytic activity characteristic of the unmodified Cl- free enzyme, indicating that the catalytic machinery of the enzyme is not affected by dinitrophenylation. alpha-Limit dextrins and maltose which bind to the active site protect the enzyme against dinitrophenylation at lea-st as effectively as the Cl- effector. These observations indicate that the Cl- binding lysyl residue is close to the active site and, upon binding, the Cl- effector induces an enhancement in the catalytic efficiency. PMID- 817738 TI - Purification of proteins from the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli by ion-exchange chromatography. AB - Thirty-three proteins have been isolated from the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli by a technique based solely upon ion-exchange chromatography. The procedure can be adapted to a wide range of sample sizes, requires no prefractionation of the subunit proteins, and employs readily regenerated chromatographic media. The molecular weights, purity, and immunological properties of the individual proteins have been characterized. More than 20 of the proteins were judged to be at least 95% pure by electrophoretic analysis; the remaining proteins were generally over 90% pure. Methods for the immunological identification of small amounts of ribosomal proteins are described. PMID- 817739 TI - Membrane effects on drug monooxygenation activity in hepatic microsomes. AB - The temperature dependence of drug monooxygenation in phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes has been investigated. With 7-ethoxycoumarin as a substrate the activity of the microsomes could be measured down to 0 degrees C by the increase in fluorescence of the dealkylated reaction product 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone). Arrhenius plots of the activities at various temperatures between 0 degrees C and 45 degrees C showed a break in the activation energy around 20 degrees C. Addition of deoxycholate or high concentrations of glycerol, known to solubilize membrane-bound enzymes, abolished the break of the activation energy. Cholesterol, incorporated into the microsomal membrane in amounts equimolar to the microsomal phospholipid content led to a decrease of the activation energy at low temperatures and to an increase at higher temperatures, resulting in a loss of the break. The activity of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase with the water -soluble electron acceptor dichlorophenolindophenol showed no discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot. In addition the cumene hydroperoxide-mediated and cytochrome P-450-dependent O-dealkylation of 7 ethoxycoumarin proceeded without a break in the activation energy. It is concluded that phospholipid phase transitions affect the electron transfer from the reductase to cytochrome P-450. PMID- 817741 TI - Purification and biological activities of pokeweek (Phytolacca americana) mitogens. AB - Five mitogens, designated Pa-1 through Pa-5, were purified from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) by means of ethanol fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, affinity chromatography on a column of desialized human erythrocyte glycopeptide-Sepharose 4B, and gel filtration. Among these mitogens, only Pa-1 was mitogenic for both murine B-cells and T-cells, and the other mitogens were T-cell mitogens. Binding experiments with 125I-labeled Pa-1, a potent mitogen for B-cells, and with 125I-labeled Pa-2, the strongest T-cell mitogen, revealed that murine B-cells have more receptor sites for Pa-1 than for Pa-2 and murine T-cells have more receptor sites for Pa-2 than for Pa-1. The change of membrane fluidity within 30 min after binding of the mitogens to murine B- and T-cells was measured by fluorescence polarization of fluorescent hydrocarbon, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, embedded in the membrane. Pa-1 induced increase of membrane fluidity of B-cells more markedly than Pa-2, whereas Pa-2 had a larger effect on the membrane fluidity of T-cells than Pa-1. Although both Pa-1 and Pa-2 stimulated the incorporation of 32 Pi into phosphatidylinositol of murine T-cells, neither Pa-1 nor bacterial lypopolysaccharide induced the activation of phospholipid metabolism of murine B cells. PMID- 817740 TI - Improved method for the isolation of rat liver plasma membrane. AB - An improved method for the isolation of plasma membrane from rat liver is presented. Gentle homogenization of perfused livers in buffered isotonic KCL, followed by direct flotation of a low-speed nuclear pellet through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient results in a 32% yield, and 25-fold enrichment for the plasma membrane marker, phosphodiesterase I, in a crude plasma membrane fraction. This fraction contains less than 1% of the mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum present in the original homogenate, but is more heavily contaminated with lysosomes and Golgi membrane. Vigorous mechanical disruption of this material, followed by a second discontinuous sucrose density gradient, gives a light plasma membrane fraction with an 80-fold purification and 20% yield of phosphodiesterase I over the original homogete (with further reduction of contaminants). PMID- 817742 TI - Purification of human gastric proteases by immunoadsorbents. Pepsinogen I group. AB - Human pepsinogen I group was purified by immunoadsorption techniques. Gastric mucosal extracts containing the pepsinogen I group and the pepsinogen II group and concentrated urine containing only pepsinogen I group were separated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography to remove the bulk of human serum protein. Fractions displaying proteolytic activity were further purified by adsorption on an anti pepsinogen I group Sepharose immunoadsorbent column. After desorption, gastric pepsinogen I group was separated from pepsinogen II group. Trace amounts of contaminating protein were removed from preparations from gastric mucosal extracts and urine by passage over an anti-human serum immunoadsorbent column. The purity of pepsinogen I group from both sources was assessed by electrophoretic and immunological criteria. The isolated pepsinogen I group from gastric mucosal extracts and urine were by biochemical and immunochemical criteria identical with each other and with the pepsinogen I group in the unfractionated starting materials. By agarose enzyme electrophoresis four bands were detected and it was determined that the proteases of the pepsinogen I group express the same individual antigenic determinant. PMID- 817743 TI - Affinity chromatography of collagen glucosyltransferase on a UDP-glucose derivative coupled to agarose. AB - UDP-glucuronic acid from the carboxyl group was coupled to agarose via a six carbon atom spacer, and columns prepared from this material were used in an affinity chromatography of collagen glucosyltransferase. The enzyme was found to have a high affinity for such columns in the presence of Mn2+ in the buffer, whereas a considerably lower affinity was noted in the absence of such ions. The enzyme could be eluted from the column with either EDTA, UDP-glucose, or small peptides prepared from collagen, the peptides being the most effective eluting agent. After elution the enzyme was separated from the peptides by gel filtration. With this procedure a collagen glucosyltransferase putification of about 3000-fold was obtained from extract of chick embryos by relatively simple steps. Collagen galactosyltransferase was found to have no affinity for the column, suggesting that the binding was not only due to the UDP moiety, but that the uronic acid derivate of glucose also contributed to its specificity. PMID- 817744 TI - Effects of uridine nucleotides and nucleotide pyrophosphatase on glycolipid alpha and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities in guinea pig microsomes. AB - Membrane-bound alpha and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.0) which catalyze formation of non-reducing terminal linkages of Forssman hapten and globoside, respectively, could be differentiated with respect to the different effects of UDP on the two enzyme activities. UDP markedly inhibited the alpha transferase activity, in contrast to its stimulatory action on the beta transferase. These effects of UDP were similar to those of UDPglucose, which was demonstrated to be a competitive inhibitor (Ki, 3.3 - 10(-5) M for UDP-N acetylgalactosamine) for the alpha-transferase reaction. Other uridine derivatives tested suppressed both the transferase activities, being more inhibitory for the alpha-transferase than for the beta-transferase. Under the synthetic conditions of these aminoglycolipids, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine as a donor was simultaneously degraded into N-acetylgalactosamine-1-phosphate and finally into N-acetylgalactosamine by UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine pyrophosphatase, which is part of the membrane system. UDPglucose was confirmed as being able to prevent the enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. UDPglucose, therefore, acts to suppress both the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (but not the beta-transferase) and the pyrophosphatase activities. The inhibitory effect of UDPglucose on the alpha-transferase activity was most probably due to its direct action on the transferase rather than its function in protecting UDP-N acetylgalactosamine donor from pyrophosphatase action. PMID- 817745 TI - Observations on the accessibility of acceptor substrates to the active centre of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in vitro. AB - The partition coefficients between octanol and pH 7.4 buffer for eleven substrates of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) have been determined. They range between 1.1 and 690 in the order p-aminophenol less than phenol less than (o-aminobenzoic acid = o-aminophenol = p-aminobenzoic acid) less than p nitrophenol less than 4-methylumbelliferone less than mercaptobenzothiazole less than harmol less than phenolphthalein less than 1-naphthol. The effect of Triton X-100, used as a model membrane pertubant, on the enzyme activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase in rat liver homogenates towards these substrates was determined and compared with the partition coefficients. Enzyme activities towards p-aminophenol and phenol were decreased by Triton X-100, the enzyme activities towards other acceptor substrates were enhanced maximally with 0.025% (w/v) Triton. "Native" enzyme activity (except for amino containing compounds) and activation could be related to partition coefficient of the substrate. An increase in lipid solubility resulted in reduced enzyme activity in untreated homogenates and greater activation. These results suggest UDP glucuronosyltransferase lies behind a partially lipid-impenetrable abrrier and it is suggested that this barrier is broken up by membrane perturbants to permit free access of the more lipid-soluble substrates. In addition, the formation in vitro of a glucuronide from mercaptobenzothiazole was demonstrated. PMID- 817746 TI - Changes in membrane lipid composition during temperature adaptation by a thermotolerant strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Experiments on temperature adaptation have been conducted using a thermotolerant clone of Tetrahymena pyriformis designated as strain NT-1. The strain was able to grow well at 39.5 and 15 degrees C and could adapt quickly when transferred from one of these temperatures to the other. Cells grown at the extreme temperatures differed markedly in their membrane lipid composition, particularly in the phospholipid polar head groups and hydrocarbon chains. The levels of fatty acid unsaturation increased at the lower temperature (e.g. 15 degrees C cells contained 31% gamma-linolenic acid vs. 25% at 39.5 degrees C) as did the content of alkyl glyceryl ether derivatives. Ethanolamine phosphoglycerides decreased by more than 10 mol % of the lipid phosphorus with the drop in temperature, the decrease being offset by a concomitant rise in 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid. These temperature-induced changes were noted in certain purified membrane preparations as well as in whole cells. Experiments with [14C]palmitic acid and sodium[14C]acetate showed that fatty acids are first incorporated into phospholipids predominantly in a saturated form. The membranes served as a reservoir of fatty acid substrate for desaturase activity. Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain NT-1, was proposed as a useful model system for studying the temperature adaptation process in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 817747 TI - Environmental effects on Tetrahymena membranes. Temperature-induced changes in membrane fatty acid unsaturation are indepedent of the molecular oxygen concentration. AB - The study was designed to show whether the increase in unsaturated fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis membrane phospholipids with decreasing growth temperature is due to the sharp rise in the concentration of dissolved O2 found at lower temperatures. Increasing cell density in cultures growing at a constant temperature was found to have a more drastic effect upon the O2 level than shifting a culture from one temperature extreme to the other. However, the pattern of phospholipid fatty acid unsaturation did not vary over a 30-fold gradual decrease in O2 concentration measured in cultures during logarithmic growth at 39.5 degrees C, and unsaturation in 15 degrees C cells sampled over a 5 fold decrease in O2 concentration was also unchanged. Cells grown at 39.5 degrees C under a constant relatively high O2 concentration (5--6 mg O2/l) or low O2 concentration (0.3 mg O2/l) had nearly identical distributions of membrane fatty acids. Only under almost completely anaerobic conditions was it possible to measure via radioactive labeling experiments and inhibition of fatty acid desaturation. Thus the increased membrane fatty acid unsaturation induced by decreasing growth temperature is caused by some factor other than the rising levels of dissolved O2. PMID- 817748 TI - Factors influencing the yield of satellite DNA in extractions from Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster adults and embryos. AB - The application of different DNA extraction methods to identical batches of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster flies or embryos has revealed that the ionic strength of a homogenization medium is of critical importance if chloroform extractions are performed. The low yield of satellite DNA after homogenization in low salt buffers is less severe if EDTA is included in the buffer. Phenol extraction procedures result in no such differential behavior of satellite and main band DNA, but under certain circumstances a particular satellite fraction of Drosophila virilis DNA may be lost. PMID- 817749 TI - Polyribosome profiles and ribonuclease activity in spleens of normal and anaemic mice. AB - The extent to which the polyribosome content in splenic extracts is affected by the level of endogenous ribonuclease activity was investigated. Ribonuclease activity, free and inhibited, was determined under ionic conditions optimal for preservation of polyribosomes. The results show that ribonuclease activity in control spleens varies mainly with the amount of ribonuclease inhibitor, indicating that free ribonuclease activity is stable. In rapidly proliferating splenic tissue the enzymatic activity is regulated by changes in both the amount of inhibitor and enzyme available. The ribonuclease versus ribonuclease-inhibitor balance was found to parallel the proportion of polyribosomes in a polysome profile. PMID- 817750 TI - Characterization of human dialyzable transfer factor from normal and chronic lymphoid leukemia sources. AB - Dialysates of lymphomonocytes can be roughly quantified through the use of optical density and measurements of RNA and protein contents. Dialysates of normal lymphocytes (N-TFd) contain about 224 +/- 67 mug of RNA-like material per 10(8) cells, 75 to 90% of which is eluted in fractions II and III on Biogel P10 chromatography. In contrast, dialysates of lymphocytes from patients suffering chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL-TFd) contain approximately 12 times less RNA-like material (about 27 +/- 11 mug per 10(8) lymphocytes) and have a different characteristic chromatographic pattern. Bioassays with crude dialysates confirm (a) that N-TFd increases 3H-thymidine incorporation by nonsenstitized lymphocytes "in vitro" in the presence of PPD, and (b) that inbred Lewis rats develop positive skin tests (systemic transfer) after receiving injections of N-TFd or of fractions II and III from Biogel fractionation of N-TFd. Neither test gives positive results when CLL-TFd is used. PMID- 817751 TI - Quantitation of a urinary tetrasaccharide by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. AB - A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method has been developed for the rapid determination of a urinary tetrasaccharide (alpha-D-Glc-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D Glc-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-Glc-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc). The urine sample is first fractionated by gel chromatography. An appropriate internal standard is added to the pooled tri-pentasaccharide fraction, which is then reduced, methylated and fractionated by g.c. The identification of the tetrasaccharide derivative is based on the g.c. relative retention time and the mass spectrum of the reduced permethylated tetrasaccharide. The normal excretion rate was in the range of 0.1 2.5 mg per 24 hours. Greatly increased amounts (9.4-89.6 mg 24 h-1) were found in the urine of patients with glycogen storage disease type II and type III and in one patient with unclassified muscular disease. A moderate increase (3.6m6 mg 24 h-1) was observed in one patient with glycogen storage disease type VI, in two patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in two other patients with unclassified muscular disease. PMID- 817752 TI - The effect of ortho substitution on the mass spectral fragmentation of polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Isomeric chlorinated biphenyls are observed to yield very similar mass spectra, rarely exhibiting a [M - Cl]+ fragment of any significant magnitude. However, those isomers containing three ortho chloro substituents display a relatively intense [M - Cl]+ fragment. A rationalization for this observation is put forth on the basis of the relative stabilities of both product and reactant. PMID- 817753 TI - [Effect of metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on the dynamics of its fluorescence in the skin of hairless mice]. AB - The influence of two metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)--7 hydromethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz(a)anthracene- on the dynamics of DMBA fluorescence was studied in the skin of mice. The first of the metabolites did not affect the dynamics of DMBA fluorescence, whereas the second one, when used in equimolar concentrations with DMBA, prolonged the duration of DMBA fluorescence in the skin. The same effect was observed in case of 7,8-benzoflavone, and inhibitor of DMBA metabolism. PMID- 817754 TI - Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) to adult, juvenile, and larval stages of the shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. PMID- 817755 TI - The effects of various aroclor fractions on the productivity of chlorella pyrenoidosa. PMID- 817756 TI - [An unusual form of amaurotic idiocy in infancy: Sandhoff's disease of GM 2 type 2 gangliosidosis]. PMID- 817757 TI - [Oculo-cerebral manifestations of 9 cases of neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 817758 TI - The mucopolysaccharidoses in ophthalmology; presentation of a challenging patient. PMID- 817759 TI - The pursuit of symmetry in cranio-facial surgery. PMID- 817760 TI - Urinary pathogens in the male. AB - Evidence is presented that the pathogens causing urinary infection in boys differ significantly from those causing infection in girls and in adult males. Studies of the prepuce floria in boys known to have had urinary infection and in matched controls suggest that the focus of infection is in the preputial sac or urethra rather than the bowel as in girls. It is suggested that the difference in infecting organisms in boys and in adult males may be related to prostatic secretion. PMID- 817761 TI - Single dose intravesical thiotepa as an adjuvant to cystodiathermy in the treatment of transitional cell bladder carcinoma. AB - Tumour cell implantation may be a factor in the aetiology of recurrent well differentiated superficial bladder tumours. A prospective trial is reported in which single dose intravesical thiotepa was administered to a group of randomly selected patients immediately after cystodiathermy. A control group of patients was treated by cystodiathermy alone and tumour recurrence in the 2 groups was compared. Significantly fewer patients in the thiotepa-treated group developed recurrent tumour and there was also a significantly reduced incidence of pure vault recurrence in this group. The beneficial effects of adjuvant thiotepa were apparent after 1 treatment. In this series of patients no benefit resulted from the continued use of adjuvant thiotepa once a patient developed a recurrent tumor. PMID- 817762 TI - Bilateral hydrothorax following internal jugular catheterization. AB - A case of bilateral hydrothorax associated with catheterization of the internal jugular vein for feeding purposes is described. The possible mechanisms of this complication are discussed. PMID- 817763 TI - Carcinoma in a long-standing pharyngeal diverticulum. AB - A brief review of carcinomas arising in pharyngeal diverticula is given. An 80 year-old patient is described who has survived 3 years after operative removal of a diverticulum containing a carcinoma. The seriousness of the condition is shown by the mortality rate which has been reported as 65 per cent within 2 years. PMID- 817764 TI - Editorial: Vaccination against meningitis. PMID- 817766 TI - Letter: Geriatrics in the cottage hospital. PMID- 817765 TI - Letter: Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital pharmacies. PMID- 817767 TI - Benefits and costs of the schools' BCG vaccination programme. AB - By the mid-1980s the schools' BCG vaccination programme will be uneconomic. It is estimated that it will cost about pounds5500 to prevent one case of tuberculosis, the average total cost of which would be between pounds400 and pounds1300 depending on medical policy about the degree of illness for which hospital admission is necessary. In December 1975 the costs of the BCG programme were greater than its monetary benefits, probably by a factor of about 2. PMID- 817768 TI - Letter: Progression and regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 817769 TI - Letter: Beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma. PMID- 817770 TI - Group B streptococci in the female genital tract. AB - Vaginal carriage rates of group B streptococci among 250 women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, 123 attending family planning clinics, and 110 in labour wages were 36.0%, 17-1% and 6.4% respectively. The presence of group B streptococci was not associated with a vaginal discharge or the use of oral contraceptives in the non-pregnant women, or with the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis from the women attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Serotyping showed a predominance of types II and III in non-pregnant women and an overall incidence of non-typable strains of 14.8%. There was no relationship between serotype and antibacterial susceptibility. PMID- 817771 TI - Evidence for familial immune defect in meningococcal meningitis. AB - Twenty-six patients who had recovered from group A meningococcal meningitis were vaccinated with group C meningococcal polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid. Their haemagglutinating antibody response was measured two weeks later and compared with those of 22 siblings and 39 controls. Patients and siblings had a significantly lower antibody response to the group C vaccine but not to tetanus toxoid. This suggests that patients susceptible to meningococcal disease may have an immune defect involving their response to meningococcal polysaccharides. PMID- 817772 TI - Myelotoxicity of gold. AB - Of 55 patients who developed blood dyscrasias attributable to gold treatment 15 with bone marrow hypoplasia died. A few of the dyscrasias, occurring in patients who had taken a low total dose of sodium aurothiomalate, may have resulted from immune hypersensitivity, but most, occurring in patients who had taken a higher total dose, were due to cumulative toxicity. All patients receiving gold treatment should undergo frequent blood counts. Any pronounced or continuing fall in the counts is a warning of toxicity, and gold treatment should be stopped. Treatment should be resumed only with caution, and in some patients already in remission lower doses may be just as effective in controlling the disease. PMID- 817773 TI - Letter: Disodium cromoglycate and DNA-ase in treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 817774 TI - Miliary tuberculosis presenting with multifocal oral lesions. PMID- 817775 TI - Bran tablets and diverticular disease. PMID- 817776 TI - The role of the urban community hospital in gonorrhoea surveillance. AB - In a progressive surveillance programme designed to detect gonococcal infection in females, 113,063 women were screened for gonorrhoea in Memphis-Shelby County, Tennessee, during a 2-year period. The importance of including the urban community hospital in the surveillance programme is emphasized by the contribution of the City of Memphis Hospital where 53-3 per cent. of all positive cases of gonorrhoea were detected in only 34-2 per cent. of all tests done. The City of Memphis Hospital emergency room was an especially productive surveillance area, giving 29-0 per cent. of all positives with only 6-1 per cent. of all tests performed. The importance of taking routine cultures for gonococci from women presenting for prenatal care, delivery, or for genitourinary complaints in an urban hospital is stressed. PMID- 817777 TI - Immune response to a purified cytoplasmic protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - This paper describes studies based on the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the gonococcus is impaired by a component toxic to immunocytes. Cytoplasm of colony type 1 gonococci was found to contain a protein fraction beta+t not present in colony type 4 gonococci. From the results of further analysis it is tentatively deduced that beta+t consists of a toxic component Tbeta-t and an immunogen. PMID- 817778 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Age-induced changes in macro- and microstructure of virulent and avirulent colonies. AB - Virulent and avirulent gonococcal colonies were studied in the scanning electron microscope. Cells in virulent, in contrast to avirulent, colonies were found to be connected by numerous strands. After longer incubation periods, type 2 colonies segregated out regions of cells virtually lacking these strands. Cells within these areas probably represent avirulent segregants. The microstructure of individual colonies revealed no topographical differences. In certain colonies large smooth spherical cells were seen, probably representing wall-deficient gonococcal variants. PMID- 817779 TI - Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A comparative study with Escherichia coli. AB - The cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was studied and compared to that of Escherichia coli. Outer membranes (OM) from both species were isolated by an identical method, and subjected to biochemical analysis. Differences in OM structure were sought that might explain the dissimilarity in OM permeability of these two species. The most pronounced difference appeared to reside in the OM proteins as judged by gel electrophoresis. Moreover, gonococcal OM proteins appeared to be more hydrophilic than those of E. coli. PMID- 817781 TI - The rubrospinal tract in a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis. AB - The spinal distribution of rubrospinal fibers is described in the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), a prosimian primate. The tract is composed of thick and thin fibers, extends the length of the cord in the lateral funiculus, and is located ventral and ventrolateral to the lateral corticospinal tract and medial to the dorsal spincerebellar tract. There is a topographical relationship between origin and termination of rubrospinal fibers in Galago. Dorsomedial areas of the red nucleus project primarily to contralateral lumbar and sacral levels. Thoracic fibers arise from intermediate regions of the nucleus. Rubrospinal fibers in Galago terminate in basilar regions of the dorsal horn mainly at cervical and lumbar levels. Degeneration is most concentrated in medial and lateral portions of lamina V-VII. Although degenerated fibers approached the midline, none could be traced to the contralateral side. Lesions of more extensive portion of the nucleus resulted in degeneration in Clarke's column especially evident in low thoracic and upper lumbar levels. The latter connection may represent one rubrocerebellar feedback loop in the lesser bushbaby. PMID- 817780 TI - Studies on lower motor neurons and pathways to the spinal gray. PMID- 817782 TI - Origin, course and termination of corticospinal fibers in a prosimian primate, Galago. AB - This report describes the origin, course, and termination of cortical projections to the spinal cord in the bushbaby, Galago, Although the position and extent of these projections are similar to those reported in other primates, there is also (1) a somatotopic organization present in the motor-sensory cortex and in its projections to the spinal cord, and (2) additional nuclei in the medial base of the dorsal and ventral horn which receive afferents from the motor-sensory amalgam. This medial organization may be related to the innervation of axial musculature in Galago, an animal displaying a vertical clinging and leaping locomotive behavior. PMID- 817784 TI - Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic substrates of predatory attack. Suppression and the influence of hunger. AB - Electrical stimulation of medial hypothalamic and ventromedial hypothalamic areas of the cat brain stops the initiation of spontaneous predatory attack in cats, confirming similar evidence of other investigators. Furthermore, a new attack suppressing area, the mammillary bodies, was uncovered. Facilitation of predatory attack by hunger raised the electrical threshold for attack in the mammillary bodies. In addition, baseline levels of neural activity in attack suppressing brain areas prior to any brain stimulation were found to decrease when the cats were hungry and killing was facilitated and neural activity increased when the cats were on ad lib. feeding. These data support the hypothesis that modulation of excitability of neural systems functioning to suppress is involved in facilitation of attack behavior by hunger. PMID- 817783 TI - The regional distribution of a morphine-like factors enkephalin in monkey brain. PMID- 817785 TI - Stereotyped flexion of forelimb and hindlimb to microstimulation of dentate nucleus in cebus monkeys. PMID- 817787 TI - Exaggeration of knee-jerk following spinal hemisection in monkeys. AB - In 18 monkeys ipsilateral flaccid hemiplegia of the hind-limb was produced by spinal cord hemisection at T8. As a result of systematic observations of various phenomena subsequent to the hemisection for several months, it was found that an ipsilateral marked exaggeration of the knee-jerk gradually developed in 2--3 weeks after the infliction, along with slight atrophy of the hind-limb muscles on the same side. The exaggeration reached a maximum in about 6 weeks and persisted thereafter for several months until the final experiments. The exaggeration of knee-jerk was confirmed by measuring quantitatively photographed trajectories of a small lamp attached to the malleolus, a specially devised hammer being used. The trajectories showed larger amplitudes, shorter rise times and lower thresholds on the hemisected side. Achilles tendon reflex was also observed to be hyperactive. However, there was no evidence of other pathological phenomena such as clonus or Babinski's sign in the present experiment. It was noted that total spinal cord transection one segment below the hemisected site did not abolish the exaggeration of knee-jerk. Another noticeable finding was that quadriceps afferent volleys picked up from the L6 dorsal root following tendon taps were smaller on the hemisected side, in spite of the fact that distinct augmented reflex potentials were observed in the ipsilateral L6 ventral root. These results strongly suggest that the exaggeration of knee-jerk was not induced by a release from tonic supraspinal inhibition nor by augmented quadriceps afferent volleys, but by some neural mechanisms which developed gradually within the lumbo-sacral segments below the hemisected site. PMID- 817786 TI - The effect of a low protein diet on the anatomical development of the rat brain. AB - Albino rats were conceived and suckled by mothers maintained on a 8% or an isocaloric 25% casein diet. After weaning, pups were maintained on their respective diets ad libitum. By most parameters of CNS maturation, rats on the low protein diet closely resembled their age-matched controls. only by the parameter of the ratio of brain weight to body weight did they resemble rats of a younger age. Camera lucida drawings of comparable Rapid Golgi-impregnated cortical neurons of 10-day-old control and experimental rats were nearly identical to each other. A similar finding was also noted in 30-day-old rats. However, with quantitative studies, the 30-day-old experimental animals showed a decrease in synaptic spine density and reduced dendritic length for some but not all dendritic processes. At all ages, experimental animals closely resembled age matched controls in the proportion of their brain weight that was neocortex, archicortex, and cerebellum. In these results we concur with Dobbing and Sands that developmental timetables for the brain are not affected by undernutrition, though extent of development may be. PMID- 817788 TI - The purification from Escherichia coli of a protein relaxing superhelical DNA. AB - The Escherichia coli omega protein was first described by Wang (Wang J.C.: J. Mol. Biol. 55, 523-533 (1971)) as having the ability to relax supercoiled covalently-closed circular DNA by changing the topological winding number, alpha. We have developed a rapid assay for omega activity which has allowed us to purify the protein to homogeneity. It appears to be an alphabeta-type subunit protein with a molecular weight of the intact protein of about 80,000 (determined by gel filtration) and of the individual subunits of 56000 and 31000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels). We have confirmed Wang's observation that it only partly relaxes negative supercoils, and is not active on a positive supercoils. Its characteristics with respect to pH, salts, temperature and chromatography are described. A method for rapid screening of E. coli for omega mutants is described. PMID- 817789 TI - M components-a review of 1242 cases. AB - Among 1242 patients referred for immunologic investigation 1255 M components were detected in the serum. Of these patients 50.9% had multiple myeloma, 18.1% had nonmyelomatous malignant diseases such as macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, leukemia or cancer, 4.3% had connective tissue diseases, 2.5% had primary generalized amyloidosis (PGA) and the rest had various "benign" conditions. Whereas IgG was the commonest M component in multiple myeloma, connective tissue diseases and the other benign conditions, IgM was the commonest M component in lymphoma and leukemia; Bence Jones proteinemia was most frequently observed in PGA. The ratio of kappa to lambda light chains varied from 1.7:1 in IgG myeloma to 1:9 in IgD myeloma, and was 1:2.1 in PGA. Bence Jones protein was detected in 422 (66%) of 640 urine samples tested, the prevalence ranging from more than 70% in multiple myeloma and PGA to as low as 36% in various benign conditions. It is evident that the class and type of M components and the presence of Bence Jones proteinuria have no definite significance with regard to the diagnosis. Therefore, thorough investigation and follow-up at regular intervals are required when M components are detected. PMID- 817790 TI - Clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma: relation to class and type M component. AB - From analysis of serum samples and clinical data from 632 patients with multiple myeloma it was determined that IgG was the commonest class of myeloma and that this type seemed to be the most benign. IgD myeloma and lambda light-chain disease were the most aggressive types; patients with these types were usually younger at diagnosis and more commonly had azotemia, osteolytic lesions and Bence Jones proteinemia. The sexes were equally represented in all but IgD myeloma, in which males predominated. Prognosis was more favourable when the M component had kappa light chains. PMID- 817792 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in a patient with multiple neoplasms. AB - Pernicious anemia, antithyroid antibodies, IgG(K) M component, depressed production of other immunoglobulins and impaired function of peripheral blood lymphocytes developed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon, transitional cell carcinoma of the tongue and clear-cell parathyroid adenoma. This case demonstrates that immunologic abnormalities and multiple malignant neoplasms may coexist in one patient. It lends support to the hypothesis that neoplastic processes and autoimmunity may both be related to impaired immune surveillance. PMID- 817791 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: review of 45 cases. AB - Of 168 patients with monoclonal IgM in the serum 45 (27%) had Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The mean age at diagnosis was 66 years. Generalized weakness, fatigue and bleeding manifestations were the usual chief complaints. Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were frequent. Moderate or severe anemia was noted in 29 patients, 9 had abnormal liver function, 8 had cold agglutinemia and 7 had cryoglobulinemia. Two patients had false-positive VDRL tests. The serum concentration of IgM usually exceeded 1000 mg/dl. Comparison of IgM values obtained by immunoquantitation and electrophoresis showed two types of discrepancy: readings were too high by immunoquantitation when IgM of low molecular weight was present, and readings were too low when, probably, IgM/IgG complexes were present or the serum was hyperviscous. Bence Jones protein was detected in 71% of the urine samples tested but the concentration was usually low, exceeding 200 mg/24 h in only nine instances. The mean survival time from the time of diagnosis for the 24 patients who died was 49.5 months and for the patients who are still alive, 43 months. Survival seemed to be related to the presence of azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and abnormal liver function. PMID- 817793 TI - Papular mucinosis with IgG(K) M component. AB - A 59-year-old woman had papular mucinosis and IgG(K) M component in the serum. Only three other cases of papular mucinosis in which the IgG M component had K type light chains have been reported. Papular mucinosis seems to be a systemic rather than a solely cutaneous disease and may be related to plasma-cell dyscrasis. Its course is usually benign and chemotherapy may have an adverse effect. PMID- 817794 TI - Malabsorption syndrome with IgG(lambda) M component: response to chemotherapy. AB - A patient with malabsorption syndrome and steatorrhea was found to have IgG (lambda) M component in the blood and some extracellular deposition of IgG in the intestinal wall. There was no evidence of multiple myeloma. He responded favourably to intermittent courses of melphalan and prednisone. PMID- 817795 TI - The diabetic day-care unit. I. Development of an index to evaluate diabetes control. AB - In order to measure the effect of a diabetic day-care unit on diabetes control two scoring scales were constructed, one for insulin-dependent diabetics and the other for patients managed by diet or oral agents or both. Both scales were based on observations of blood and urine glucose concentrations, ketonuria, symptoms of diabetes and deviation from ideal weight. The scale for insulin-dependent diabetics also included the frequency and severity of insulin reactions and frequency of hospital admission for acidosis. Scores for 45 insulin-dependent patients and for 55 diabetics treated by diet with or without oral agents in the unit indicated significant improvement in diabetes control in both groups. PMID- 817797 TI - Correlation between hormone binding and growth response of rat mammary tumor. AB - Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors were defined as either prolactin responsive or prolactin independent on the basis of growth response to prolactin administration. There was no difference in tumor binding of prolactin between the two groups when tumors were biopsied before treatment. Prolactin binding was, however, significantly higher in responding tumors when biopsies were obtained following treatment. By contrast, when tumors were defined as responsive or independent on the basis of response to suppression of serum prolactin with bromoergocryptine, there was significantly higher prolactin binding in the responsive than in the independent group both before and after treatment. During serial treatment with prolactin followed by bromoergocryptine, there was a progressive decline in prolactin binding to tumor biopsies, particularly in prolactin-independent tumors. Prolactin binding to pretreatment tumor biopsies thus did not predict which tumors would respond to administration of prolactin but, for the total group, did indicate tumors likely to regress with prolactin withdrawal. However, the correlation between prolactin binding and tumor regression following hormone withdrawal was not sufficiently strong to permit reliable prediction of behavior for individual tumors. Prolactin independent growth was associated with decreased prolactin binding to tumor tissue, particularly following manipulation of serum prolactin levels. PMID- 817796 TI - Management of diabetes mellitus in children. AB - In many respects the management of diabetes mellitus in children differs from the management in adults. Guidelines for the short- and long-term management of the child with diabetes mellitus, particularly as it relates to clinical presentation, treatment of ketoacidosis, long-term therapy and psychological counseling, are presented. The specific aspects of diabetes management that are unique to the child are best met by an increased understanding of the problems by the child and the family and an integrated approach by the physician and allied health personnel. PMID- 817798 TI - Detection of liver-bound metabolites of azocarcinogens by the use of anti-hapten antibodies. AB - The presence of the azocompounds, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 3'-methyl-p dimethylaminoazobenzene, and p-amino-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline (or their metabolites) bound to components of the liver cells of rats fed a single large dose of each compound has been detected using rabbit antibodies raised against the p-azo-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline hapten in the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Binding of these antibodies was seen on liver sections from rats fed any one of these compounds. When the anti-p-azo-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline antiserum was absorbed with either liver sediments or cytosol fractions from rats fed p-amino-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline, the antibodies reacting with the liver bound compounds were removed from the antiserum. Also, absorption of the antiserum with liver sediments or cytosol fractions of rats fed either one of the azocompounds selectively removed all of the antibodies reacting with the livers of rats fed that compound but did not remove other antibodies that were still capable of reacting with liver cells of rats fed the other azocompound or p-amino N-acetyl-N-methylaniline. Thus this antiserum appears to contain several different anti-p-azo-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline antibodies with different structural requirements for reaction. Some can react with the azocompounds or certain of their metabolites, while others require more of the p-azo-N-acetyl-N methylaniline structure for reaction. Some of the antibodies appear to react with liver-bound p-dimethylaminoazobenzene but not with liver-bound 3'-methyl-p dimethylaminoazobenzene, while still others react with 3'-methyl-p dimethylaminoazobenzene but not with p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. PMID- 817799 TI - In vitro malignant transformation of mouse fibroblasts by non-K-region dihydrodiols derived from 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and benzo(a)pyrene. AB - The 8,9-dihydrodiols of 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and the 7,8-dihydrodiol of benzo(a)pyrene, which are non-K-region diols with adjacent olefinic double bonds that can be metabolized to diol-epoxides, were more active than the parent hydrocarbons in inducing malignant transformation of M2 mouse fibroblasts; a fourth non-K-region diol, the 9,10-dihydrodiol of benzo(a)pyrene was less active than benzo(a)pyrene. The related K-region dihydrodiols, which lack adjacent olefinic double bonds, and 6 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene were inactive, 7,8-Dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene, a more potent carcinogen than the 9,10 isomer, induced malignant transformation, but the 9,10 isomer was inactive. Transformed cells with abnormal morphology yielded sarcomas on injection into isologous mice; treated but morphologically normal cells did not. These results support the role of diols and diol-epoxides in the metabolic activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons. PMID- 817800 TI - Unusual properties of glycuronans (poly(glycosyluronic) compounds). PMID- 817801 TI - [Serum transferrin levels in children in different areas of the Central Bohemian region (author's transl)]. PMID- 817803 TI - Management of dysproteinaemia. PMID- 817802 TI - Thyroid function in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 817804 TI - [Arterial hypertension in gravidity and the authors' experience with Crystepin therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 817805 TI - Effect of amino acids and inducers on the activity of the microsomal mono oxygenase system in rat liver cell culture. AB - In rat liver cell culture both benzanthracene and phenobarbitone induce the activity of benzypyrene hydrxylase while only phenobarbitone increases NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. Benzpyrene hydroxylase but not NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity is dependent on the amino acid concentration of the culture medium in a similar manner to the regulation of the hepatic hydroxylase activity by dietary protein intake in the whole animal. Of all the amino acids present in the culture medium, only tryptophan induced benzpyrene hydroxylase when added singly to the medium. However, tryptophan also induced the activity of the reductase suggesting that its inducing effect is unrelated to raising the concentration of all the amino acids of the culture medium. It is proposed that tryptophan may only be an inducer because the cells have low levels of tryptophan pyrrolase activity. PMID- 817806 TI - "Candida" sepsis: portals for invasion, tissue filtration, and principles of treatment. PMID- 817807 TI - [Rate of water renewal and water balance in 2 desert rodents Meriones shawii and Meriones libycus, studied in their natural environment in Tunisia]. PMID- 817808 TI - [Effects of the removal of smell, without lesions of the olfactory bulb, on the selectivity of maternal behavior of the ewe]. PMID- 817809 TI - [Excitability of artificial membranes: role of electroosmosis and of the dielectric constant]. PMID- 817810 TI - [Determination of the molecular weight of proteins by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate]. PMID- 817811 TI - [Amino acid composition of 2 thymus gland extracts active in the protection against microbial infection]. PMID- 817812 TI - [Secondary aminoquinoleines with potential amebicide activity : influence of the length and of the situation of the alkylaminated chain]. PMID- 817813 TI - [Localization of the interferon inducer in Brucella suis]. PMID- 817814 TI - [Embryotoxic and antimitotic properties of parbendazole, mebendazole and cambendazole]. PMID- 817815 TI - [Variations in cerebral neurosecretion during the reproductive cycle of a viviparous insect, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera, Muscidae)]. AB - The neurosecretory A cells of the pars intercerebralis of the viviparous fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes present important changes during the genital cycle. A slight release of neurosecretory products occurs at the moment of the first ovulation and at the hatching. An important discharge takes place just before the larviposition and the second ovulation. PMID- 817816 TI - [Endocrine control of oogenesis during the fifth nymphal stage of Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Reduviidae)]. AB - Cautery of the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis, 48 hrs after feeding, of Panstrongylus megistus fifth instar, prevents the development of the ovaries, and stops the physiological processes that lead to the differentiation of oogonies into primary oocytes. PMID- 817817 TI - [Comparative study of the ovarioles of two sympatric species of heteropterans, Pyrrhocoridae: Roscius elongatus and Roscius brazzavilliensis: the onset of meiosis]. AB - Seven distinct periods may be recognised during ovarioles development. The timing of events is different in each species. In Roscius elongatus the first oocytes appear by the end of the fourth larval instar. In Roscius brazzavilliensis the meiosis starts later, in the middle of the fifth instar. PMID- 817819 TI - [The testicular response to selective photostimulation of the basal hypothalamus or of the preoptic area of the quail]. AB - Radioluminous paint (R.L.P.), 0.029 cd/m2, was implanted in various parts of the hypothalamicpreoptic system. Small pellets, 0.6 mm in diameter, 0.2 mm thick, were stereotaxically located either in the basal medial hypothalamus or in the suprachiasmatic-preoptic area. Basal hypothalamic illumination through R.L.P. resulted in a strong testicular growth. No testis enlargement was induced after anterior implant or R.L.P. Results are discussed in terms of hypothalamic deep photoreceptors and of functional roles devoted to basal hypothalamic and preoptic regions with respect to the photosexual reflex. PMID- 817818 TI - [Effect of a farnesol derivative on the appearance of winged females in aphaenogaster senilis (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)]. PMID- 817820 TI - [Histologic and karyometric changes in thyroid C cells of male golden hamsters during the annual cycle]. AB - The thyroid C cells of the male golden Hamster present morphological modifications related to variations of activity during the year: the nuclear volume undergoes two reduction phases, one in autumn and the other in May. On the other hand at the beginning of winter there is a clear hypertrophy of the nucleus. PMID- 817821 TI - [Electron microscopy of ameboid oocytes in the lizard: Lacerta vivipara J]. AB - Oocytes at diplotene stage showing a very distinct amoeboid morphology have been observed in the germinal bed of young females. The oocytes produce long pseudopodial formations which extend between the somatic cells. This morphology suggests an autonomous progression of the oocytes which seem to migrate by amoeboid activity towards the area of the germinal bed situated near the ovarian cavity. The increase of the number of the follicular cells which join the oocytes might contribute to stop the amoeboid movements. PMID- 817822 TI - [Hypotheses about the spatial organization of glycoproteins]. AB - The estimation of the secondary structure of the protein moiety of some glycoproteins whose sequential structure is known was carried out by using the two predictive methods of Lim and Chou and Fasman. Both results - which are in excellent agreement - allow us to propose a model concerning the spatial organization of glycoproteins studied: one can claim that beta-turns and unordered regions situated outside the protein moiety play an important role concerning the linkage of the glycan chains. PMID- 817823 TI - [Toxic effect of four heavy metals on the growth of unicellular marine algae]. AB - The growth inhibition of phytoplankton, resulting from Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in sea water, has been studied on 18 monospecific strains belonging to different taxonomic groups. Data obtained pointed out that all species are very susceptible to Hg, and slightly to Pb. Effects of Cu and Cd vary with species, but Cu appears to be more toxic with dinoflagellates than with diatoms. In the authors' opinion, these results, obtained under laboratory conditions, cannot immediately be extended to the natural environment. PMID- 817824 TI - [Utrastructure of acinar cells of the post anal gland of Latimeria chalumnae Smith (Crossopterygii, Coelancathidae)]. AB - The acinar-cells of the post-anal gland of Latimeria possess the same singular ultrastructural pattern. The cell outline shows remarkable complexity by extensive infoldings and interdigitations of lateral and basal plasma membranes. Mitochondria are large and very numerous. This cellular morphology correlates well with that seen in "secreting (ion-transporting) cells" of the rectal gland of Elasmobranchs. This differentiation leads to the hypothesis of a post-anal (salt-excreting) gland in Latimeria. PMID- 817825 TI - [Variations in the lipids of the ovary, the hepatopancreas, and the hemolymph of the female crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus Fabricius (Decapoda, Brachyoura) during the intermolt cycle]. AB - The intermolt cycle disturbs the hepatopancreas and ovary lipid content of Pachygrapsus marmoratus in some experimental conditions. The total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations increase during the intermolt in the hepatopancreas whereas they decrease at the same stage in the ovary. Hemolymph and ovary lipid components show the same variations. PMID- 817826 TI - [Variations in serum LH and FSH during the post natal period of guinea pigs]. AB - LH and FSH are measured by radio-immunoassays in sera of young male guinea Pigs and of females, whose ages range from some hours to 23 days. The curves for the two gonadotropins are not superimposable and are not the same in the two sexes. High concentrations of LH are observed in 8 to 9 day old males; in females, high concentrations of FSH are observed just after the birth and from the 7th to the 10th as well. These facts suggest a dual control of FSH and LH secretion in the guinea pig. PMID- 817827 TI - [Comparative biosynthesis of fatty acids, particularly lignoceric acid, in the kidney and brain of normal and "quaking" mice]. AB - Palmityl-CoA elongation is normal in kidney and brain from Quaking mice. However elongation of stearyl-CoA and behenyl-CoA is disturbed in the mutant brain, but not in kidney. Moreove in both organs, the reaction products are the same in normal and Quaking animals. Thus the microsomal biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis is normal in Quaking kidney and not in brain : the genetic control of elongating enzymes must be different according to the organ. PMID- 817828 TI - [The peptide nature of the factor inhibiting cephalic regeneration in Eisenia foetida Sav. f. typica (Annelida, Oligocheta)]. AB - The active material incubated with trypsin, or pronase lost its activity but not with pepsin. The peptide nature of the inhibitory factor is thus determined. Dialysis and gel filtration chromatography of this substance suggest that the inhibitory factor is a small molecule. PMID- 817829 TI - [Production of an anticoagulant substance by the cephalothoracic exocrine glands of the oestroides Cymothoidae Meinertia (Risso, 1826) and Anilocra physodes (L., 1758)]. AB - An anti-clotting substance active on the blood of host-fish has been isolated in the two cymothoids Anilocra physodes and Meinertia oestroides. Experiments carried out with different tissue extracts have shown that this activity occurs in the cephalon, more exactly in the laterooesophageal glands. The intestine or caecum extracts have non anti-clotting power but on the other hand, show a strong hemolytic action. PMID- 817830 TI - [Demonstration by the analysis of principal components of the of the equivalence of two models of clonal survival]. AB - The principal component analysis of 21 chlorella cell survival curves, adjusted by one-hit and two-hit target models, lead to quite similar projections on the principal plan: the homologous parameters of these models are linearly correlated; the reason for the statistical equivalence of these two models, in the present state of experimental inaccuracy, is revealed. PMID- 817831 TI - [The structure of three major oligosaccharides in the urine of patients with mucolipidosis type II and with two new types of metabolic disease]. AB - The urine of five patients with three distinct diseases ("I Cell disease" and two new types of mucolipidosis) contains sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides in a high amount: 50 to 500 fold the normal. The structure of the major components are as follows alpha-NANA-(2 leads to 6)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 3)-beta-Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc, [alpha-NANA-(2 leads to 6) beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-Glc-NAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 3) [beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 6)] beta-Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc and alpha-NANA-(2 leads to 6)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 3)[alpha-NANA-(2 leads to 6) beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 6)[-beta Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAC. These results suggest that a dieficit in alpha neuraminidase is associated to these three different disorders and that an endo beta-D-N-acetyglucosaminidase is able to release sialyloligosaccharides by splitting the sialyglycans of glycoproteins. PMID- 817832 TI - [The presence of antibodies inhibiting hemagglutination of rubeola virus in urban biset pigeons]. AB - In 88 cases out of 126 (70%), antibodies to rubella were found by inhibition of viral hemagglutination in wild pigeons collected in the area of Nice. When experimentally infected with live virus, the rubella negative pigeons develop HI antibodies, thus showing that the virus replicates in these birds. The epidemiological meanings of these findings are considered. PMID- 817833 TI - [A new case of twin species in a mimetic butterfly Acrea encedon L. (Lepidoptera, Acraeida)]. AB - The large plumose setae are studied in Palaemon serratus (Decapoda) and Sphaeroma serratum (Isopoda) during premolt. The original arrangement of the cells is first described; it is the same in both species. The cells of the distal part of the matrix, in particular, are very long laminae, flattened at the basal end and ring shaped at the apical end where each of them secretes a whole annular portion of the cuticular shaft of the setae. A characteristic feature of these cells is the great number of microtubules parallel to the length of the matrix. PMID- 817834 TI - [The importance of electron microscopy in the systematics of unicellular organisms: for example, the ciliates of the genus Cyclogramma]. AB - With a parorale of "stichodyade-type", and three adoral organelles like peniculus, the genus Cyclogramma may be included in the Oligohymenophora class, subclass Hymenostomata. The presence of a basket as cytopharyngeal apparatus, and the semi-autonomous stomatogenesis justify, for this genus, the establishment of the new order Parahymenostomatida. PMID- 817835 TI - [Cytological structures similar to those of steroid-producing glands in the mandibulary and Y glands of the crab Carcinus maenas L., whether normal or without eyestalk]. AB - Mandibular glands and Y organs have characteristic organelles of steroid glands: a network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae. Development of S.E.R. and activation of mitochondria are stimulated in mandibular glands by eyestalk ablation. PMID- 817837 TI - [Variation in total and unbound plasma cortisol levels throughout labor in normal and anencephalic pregnancies]. AB - Total and unbound plasma Cortisol levels have been evaluated throughout labour in women delivering normal and anencephalitic infants. The sharp increase in total Cortisol usually observed in maternal plasma during labour does not occur in women bearing an anencephalitic foetus. This Cortisol binding capacity of Transcortin being the same, both in the normal and the pathological groups, it is shown that in anencephaly, unconjugated Cortisol levels are also lowered. The maternal contribution to the plasma Cortisol increase being identical in all cases, our data suggest that in anencephaly, a lack of foetal contribution might be responsible for the low Cortisol levels observed throughout labour. PMID- 817836 TI - [Comparison of the digestive utilization of methionine, of its hydroxylated analog, and of sodium sulfate in goats using 35s compounds]. AB - 35S and 35S free and protein bound amino acids were estimated in goats' abomasal contents and blood after ruminal injections of sulfer labelled compounds: methionine, methionine hydroxy analog (M.H.A.) and sodium sulfate. 35S incorporation into microbial and plasma proteins was higher with methionine than with M.H.A. or sulfate. 35S.M.H.A. utilisation seems to be less different from Na2 35SO4 utilisation than from 35S methionine utilisation. PMID- 817838 TI - [Origin of gustatory alliesthesia: comparison of oral glucose or protein-lipid loads]. AB - The gustative pleasure evoked by sweet stimuli has been evaluated before and after an oral load of glucose or a lipido-protidic meal without carbohydrates in human subjects in weight balance. The pleasure is decreased (negative alliesthesia) after each of the ingestions.The negative alliesthesia for sweet stimuli is therefore not only a consequence of carbohydrate ingestion but it appears also when other nutriments, mainly proteins or their degradation products, are present in the intestinal tract. These data strongly support the view that the gustative alliesthesia may be connected with short term satiety. The mechanism of gustative alliesthesia is partially unknown; the data presented here suggest the participation of intestinal chemoreceptors specific for amino acids. PMID- 817839 TI - [Effect of sampling conditions on the concentration of corticosterone in rat brown fat]. AB - Corticosterone is more concentrated in the white and brown fat of the Rats killed after ether and nembutal anesthesia, than by decapitation. Corticosterone in the plasma increases in the same manner. There results show that adipose tissue is a pool of dilution in balance with the circulating corticosterone. PMID- 817840 TI - [Electromotive force, variation in conductance, and acetylcholine liberation in the electric organ of Torpedo]. AB - The successive steps of nerve-electroplaque transmission have been analysed by methods which provided, in various experimental conditions, quantitative data on the physical and physiological parameters of the tissue. When a Torpedo is forced to discharge in air, an abnormally high amount of electrical energy is dissipated passively back through the tissue. PMID- 817841 TI - [Antigen-antibody type precipitation reactions between secretory products of different regions of the oviduct of Pleurodeles waltlii Michah]. AB - "Antigen-antibody" like reactions between products of secretion of different parts of the Pleurodeles waltlii Michah's oviduct have been observed using the usual immunodiffusion methods. The possible physiological importance of such reactions in egg-jelly formation and in the phenomena associated with the fecondation (particularly capacitation) is discussed. PMID- 817842 TI - [The effect of an anticonvulsant medication, n-dipropylacetate, on the cerebral penetration of tryptophan in mice]. PMID- 817843 TI - [Endorphins, hypothalamic and neurohypophysial peptides with morphinomimetic activity: isolation and molecular structure of alpha-endorphin]. AB - From a crude extract of Porcine neurohypophysis-hypothalamus we have isolated several peptides called endorphins which mimic opiated in a classical bioassay for morphine. Similarly they bind to the stereospecific synaptosomal opiates receptors of Rat brain in competition to 3 H-etorphine. The primary structure of alpha-endorphin is H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val Thr-OH. Met-enkephalin is the N-terminal pentapeptide of alpha-endorphin. Alpha endorphin has the same sequence as that of the fragment TYR 61 to Thr 76 of the beta-lipotropins. PMID- 817844 TI - [Determination of the 14C content of fermentation alcohols]. AB - The measuring activity in 14C of ethylic alcohol permits one to distinguish fermentation alcohol from synthetic alcohol. This activity is used to determine the corresponding percentages of these alcohols in cases of mixture. PMID- 817845 TI - [The interaction between DNase I and the constituent deoxyribonucleotides of DNA]. AB - A study of the interaction between deoxyribonucleotides and DNase I (E.C. 3.1.4.5) has disclosed a greater affinity of puric deoxyribonucleotides for the enzyme. DNase I showed one binding site for dAMP with an affinity constant of 2-4 X 10(4) M(-1). MnCl2 decreases the fixation of dAMP more effectively than MgCl2. PMID- 817846 TI - [A genetic transfer system in a cyanophyte of the genus Aphanocapsa]. AB - The possibility of a genetic transfer, through a process of transformation, has been shown in a unicellular, facultative chemoheterotroph blue-green Algae, Aphanocapsa 6714. Similarly to the process described with Anacystis nidulans, the recipient strain becomes competent when the growth reaches its second, slower, exponential phase. The genetic marker conferring resistance to p-F-phenylalanine has been transferred with a frequency 20 to 100 times higher than that of the spontaneous mutations. The efficiency of transformation decreases by a factor of 70% when the transforming extract, which contains both DNA and RNA, is pretreated with DNase. This transfer process is compared to that observed with A. nidulans by several authors. PMID- 817847 TI - [The cancerogenic activity of gamma-butyrolactone in mice]. AB - Gamma-butyrolactone has been tested for its carcinogenic activity in pure strain XVII/G and C3H Mice. No tumours were observed in mice which received the compound in injections at birth, after skin painting, gavage, or mixed with their food. PMID- 817848 TI - Mechanisms of regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation. AB - The control of glycogen metabolism is discussed in terms of four principles which have emerged from molecular analysis of these systems; namely, separate enzymes for synthesis and degradation, covalent controls, noncovalent controls, and the cascade concept. The extension of some of these principles into other areas, including the control of inotropic action, is considered. Finally, how these controls function in the living cell physiologically is considered in two specific examples. PMID- 817850 TI - Radionuclide assessment of nitroglycerin influence on abnormal left ventricular segmental contraction in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Noninvasive gated cardiac blood pool imaging with technetium-99m autologous erythrocytes was employed to differentiate reversible verus irreversible abnormal ventricular segmental contraction by regional wall and pump responses to sublingual nitroglycerin in 25 patients with chronic coronary heart disease. In 12 patients without ECG infarctions compared to 13 with infarctions, radioisotopic images demonstrated significantly greater percent decreases in end systolic volumes (33.8 +/- 6.7 SEM vs 187 +/- 4.4; P less than 0.05) without differences in percent reductions in end-diastolicvolumes (13.7 +/- 3.9 vs 11.6 +/- 6.1; NS) and thereby significantly greater percent increases in ejection fractions (9.3 +/- 1.6 vs 4.1 +/- 2.0; P less than 0.05). In the 22 patients with regional dyssynergy, improvement in disordered pattern and extent of localized dyssynergy following antianginal action of nitroglycerin was related to ECG absence of prior infarction. These obsevations demonstrate the clinical accuracy of atraumatic scintigraphy in the detection of reversible localized dyssynergy due to myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease. PMID- 817849 TI - Aggravation of atherosclerosis by hypertension in a subhuman primate model with coarctation of the aorta. AB - The interrelationships between hypertension and atherosclerosis were investigated in a subhuman primate model (cynomolgus monkey) with hypertension produced by surgically coarcting the miathoracic aorta. The hypertensive coarcted monkey fed a low cholesterol diet for 6 months did not develop complicating atherosclerosis but did develop focal intimal lesions as well as marked thickening of the musculoelastic media of both the large and small arteries. Fibrocellular thickening of the intima and media occurred in the vessels proximal to the coarctation but not distal to the coarctation suggesting that a high level of blood pressure with resulting increase in arterial wall tension is responsible for these changes. The hypertensive coarcted monkey fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (2% cholesterol and 10% butter) for 6 months developed severe coronary atherosclerotic disease with fibrous plaque formation. The disease produced over 65% luminal narrowing of the major coronary arteries and their extramural and intramural branches. In contrast the noncoarcted normotensive animal fed the same diet developed mild atherosclerosis of only the major coronary arteries which caused an average luminal narrowing of 12%. Aggravation of atherosclerosis by hypertension also appeared to occur in the other arteries above the coarctation particularly the cerebral arteries. When the hypertensive coarcted monkey with preestablished coronary atherosclerosis was treated with a low cholesterol diet and a combination of antihypertensive drugs (hydrochlorothiazide, hydralazine, and reserpine), the progression of the disease was arrested. There also was evidence that treatment caused some regression of the coronary lesions which appeared to "heal" by fibrosis. The treatment of both hyperlipidemia and hypertension appeared to be more effective than the treatment of hyperlipidemia, alone. PMID- 817851 TI - Quantitative determination of dermatan sulfate in urine. PMID- 817852 TI - Human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: presence in a deficient patient of a stable variant with lowered catalytic activity. AB - The phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency found in one boy with hemolytic anemia was associated with an almost normal concentration of phosphoglycerate kinase immunologically related material in the patient's erythrocytes. Consequently the catalytic activity of the mutant enzyme was drastically lowered. Besides, the abnormal phosphoglycerate kinase was more stable to heat and to urea than normal phosphoglycerate kinase and its isoelectric point was slightly increased. PMID- 817853 TI - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, corneal clouding, normal intelligence and acid beta galactosidase deficiency. AB - A 14-year-old girl with a unique type of progressive spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, corneal clouding, and no evidence of neurological abnormality, was found to have a remarkable deficiency of acid beta-galactosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts and in leucocyte preparations. In fibroblasts, ganglioside GM1 beta-galactosidase activity averaged 7% of the normal mean while asialofetuin beta-galactosidase and 4-methylumbe lifery-beta-galactosidase averaged 1.4% and 3.5%, respectively. Activities for all three substrates in leucocytes from both her parents were close to 50% of the normal mean indicating that the patient is homozygous for a mutation (or mutations) affecting GM1 beta galactosidase. PMID- 817854 TI - Mitogenicity of Corynebacterium parvum for mouse lymphocytes. AB - Corynebacterium parvum, a powerful in vivo immunostimulant, is shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. C. parvum is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and does not stimulate T cells. The mitogenicity is dependent on the presence of macrophages. C. diphtheriae and another strain of C. parvum, both of which are devoid of adjuvant, RES stimulation, and tumour-inhibiting activities in vivo are nevertheless mitogenic. A lipid-free fraction from C. parvum, which retains in vivo immunostimulatory properties, is not mitogenic. Thus the mitogenic property is not correlated with the in vivo properties of C. parvum. PMID- 817856 TI - Heart rate responses during treatment of hypertension with propranolol. The clinical usefulness of the nitroglycerin test. AB - Increments in heart rate during the TNG test (sublingual nitroglycerin with assumption of upright posture), passive head-up tilt, and postrecumbency standing were compared to the effects of intravenous isoproterenol in 15 mild hypertensives during administration of placebo and two dosage levels of propranolol. TNG test results correlated with responsiveness to isoproterenol, but nitroglycerin tachycardia was reduced only about 50% during propranolol treatment. The TNG response was almost maximally inhibited by 160 mg/day of propranolol while the response to postrecumbency standing was inhibited only by a dose of 320 mg/day. The results indicate that: (1) the TNG test is of limited value in the assessment of beta adrenergic blockade in hypertensive patients, and (2) propranolol in a dose of 160 mg/day induces near-maximal cardiac blockade. PMID- 817855 TI - Anti-P1 activity in pigeon breeders' serum . AB - Antibodies against the P1 antigen of the P blood group system have been found in 34% of P2 pigeon breeders' sera and in only 6% of the control group. In pigeon breeders, this anti-P1 activity correlates with immunization to pigeon serum and can consistently be removed by absorption with pigeon erythrocytes, serum or droppings. It is concluded that P1 or a related antigen is present in the pigeon blood and drop-pings and that heavy exposure to pigeon dust, as may occur in pigeon breeders, is one of the factors capable of inducing IgM antibodies to P1 antigen. The clinical importance of this finding remains to be defined. PMID- 817857 TI - Isoelectric focusing patterns of several acid phosphohydrolases of beef, pig and human spleen. PMID- 817858 TI - Distribution of elastase-like enzyme activity among snake venoms. PMID- 817859 TI - Controlled comparison of estazolam and nitrazepam as hypnotics on the preoperative night sleep. PMID- 817860 TI - Intramuscularly administered fluphenazine HC1 in acute schizophrenia: a retrospective study. PMID- 817861 TI - Pilot open-label study of lenperone (AHR 2277), a butyrophenone, in anxiety. PMID- 817862 TI - Effects of diphenylhydantoin on child-abusing parents: a preliminary report. PMID- 817863 TI - Amantadine and a fixed combination of carbidopa and levodopa in parkinsonism: a preliminary report. PMID- 817864 TI - Demand method evaluation of analgesics. PMID- 817865 TI - European experiences with tolmetin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 817867 TI - A comparison of the duration of action and the cardiovascular effects of metaproterenol and an isoetharine-phenylephrine combination. PMID- 817866 TI - Compared assay of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in corticodependent asthmatic and spastic bronchitic patients. PMID- 817868 TI - Comparison of the antihypertensive effectiveness of guanadrel and guanethidine. PMID- 817869 TI - Antihypertensive effect of L-bunolol a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. PMID- 817870 TI - Clinical evaluation of terbutaline and glyceryl guaiacolate in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 817871 TI - Patient compliance for antihypertensive medication: the usefulness of urine assays. PMID- 817872 TI - Metabolic effects of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 817873 TI - Beta-glucuronidase deficiency mucopolysaccharidosis. Repository identification No. GM-121. PMID- 817874 TI - Acromegaly, the systolic click syndrome, and group D streptococcal endocarditis. AB - A syndrome consisting of an apical systolic click and late systolic murmur appeared over a period of three months in a patient with acromegaly. Levels of growth hormone were highest during this interval. As a result of group D streptococcal endocarditis three months later, the patient sustained cerebral embolism and acquired free mitral regurgitation from ruptured chordae tendineae. During follow-up over 18 months, neither the level of growth hormone nor the degree of mitral regurgitation changed significantly. PMID- 817875 TI - Antimicrobial activity of econazole and miconazole in vitro and in experimental candidiasis and aspergillosis. AB - The antibacterial and antimycotic activity of econazole base, an imidazole derivative, was examined in vitro and in experimental infections of mice. Comparative minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations indicate econazole as well as miconazole to be of moderate activity against gram-positive bacteria (MICs: 0.78-25mug/ml) and yeasts (MICs: 1.56-25 mug/ml). Against filamentous fungi, econazole exhibits better in vitro activity than miconazole and - with the exception of Rhizopus oryzae and Absidia corymbifera - MICs are markedly lower than against yeasts. No effect of nutrient media and no effect of the inoculum were observed with the four drugs. A strong influence of bovine serum on MIC values, however, suggested a strong protein binding. In experimental candidiasis of mice, no therapeutic effect with econazole base administered orally or intraperitoneally could be observed (ED50 and 'minimum life-prolonging dose': great than 200 mg/kg). In experimental aspergillosis of mice, a slight effect, as demonstrated by the 'minimum life-prolonging dose' of 100 mg/kg, was found. The in vitro and in vivo results are discussed in the light of the available pharmacokinetic and toxicological data. It is concluded that more studies, especially on the pharmacology of econazole and about the clinical efficacy, are needed to come to a definite judgement. PMID- 817876 TI - Bacteremias associated with routine hemorrhoidectomies. PMID- 817877 TI - Diagnosis, prevention and early therapy of tuberculosis. PMID- 817878 TI - Tributary vein obstruction: pathogenesis and treatment of sequelae. PMID- 817881 TI - [Fluorescence of allophycocyanin in relation to elucidation of the role of phycobiliproteins in photosynthesis]. PMID- 817880 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in Bacillus megaterium cells immobilized in polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 817882 TI - [Effect of the abiogenic component on the predator population during the development of a simple coenosis in a chemostat]. PMID- 817883 TI - [Phototransformations of bacteriopheophytin in reaction centers of Rhodospirillum rubrum and Crhomatium minutissimum]. PMID- 817884 TI - [Interpretation of the structure of the hydrophobic region of biological membranes]. PMID- 817879 TI - Biology in vitro of corneal epithelium and endothelium. AB - Four main areas were explored: 1) the proper medium for culturing corneal tissue; 2) the effect of serum on tissue growth in vitro; 3) the interrelationships in vitro between corneal epithelium and endothelium, and 4) the biology of cultures of whole corneas (organ cultures). Modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) proved to be an excellent culture fluid. Corneal tissue could be grown in MEM without serum or clot, thus providing a defined culture medium. The biology in vitro of outgrowths of multilayered corneal epithelium and monolayered corneal endothelium are discussed. Contact inhibition between epithelium and endothelium is demonstrated in whole corneal (organ) cultures. PMID- 817885 TI - [Role of the pentose cycle in the metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster detected by means of mutations inactivating glucose-6-phosphate- and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases]. PMID- 817886 TI - The dental clinic: a dollar and cents look. PMID- 817887 TI - [Search for embryonic antigens in the serum of leukemia patients]. AB - The authors examined patients with blastic leucosis, myelosis and lympholeucosis for the presence of specific embrional antigens by immunodiffusion, using antisera, obtained after immunization of rabbits with extracts from human embryos and absorbed with tissue extracts from a normal adult. There were no specific embryonal components in the patients with leucemic sera or in the women from the control group. PMID- 817889 TI - Inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of 1-deamino-8d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) by glibenclamide in water-loaded healthy subjects. AB - The diuretic effect of a three-day glibenclamide treatment was studied in 8 healthy subjects during maximal sustained water diuresis before and after administration of 0.04 mug l-deamino-8d-arginine vasopression (DDAVP). The antidiuretic response (decrease in free water clearance per 100 ml GFR and increase in urine osmolality) induced by DDAVP was significantly reduced by glibenclamide. In addition, changes in urine osmolality indicated a shorter duration of DDAVP -antidiuresis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that glibenclamide competitively inhibits the peripheral action of vasopressin. PMID- 817888 TI - Altered response of blood thyroxine level after its acute depletion by isovolemic exchange transfusion in rats with lesions in hypothalamus and thalamus. AB - Bilateral electrolytic lesions were made in various areas of hypothalamus or thalamus on the 6th day of a period of daily radioiodide injections (1 or 5 muCi125I-daily per animal) in male rats weighing about 350 g. Such injections were continued for another 4 days and after 2 days of intermission the blood thyroid hormone was acutely depleted by isovolemic exchange transfusion of thyroid hormone free blood cell suspension. Relative changes of plasma thyroxine level were measured with the aid of paper chromatography in small aliquots of plasma frequently taken from the animals under maintaining isovolemia by replacing the removed plasma. It was found that in animals with various bilateral electrolytic lesions in hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic and paraventricular areas) the response of blood thyroxine level after the transfusion is similar as in sham operated controls bearing unilateral subcortical lesion or in normal animals observed previously. On the other hand, the response in animals with thalamic lesions was repeatedly found to resemble that observed previously in thyroidectomized animals. Since the response of blood thyroxine level presumably results from changes of pituitary thyrotropic activity, it is concluded that in rats with thalamic lesions the normal response of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis was prevented. The mechanism of this action, however, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 817890 TI - Role of the intracarotid amobarbital-pentylenetetrazol EEG test in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with complex seizure problems. AB - The results of surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy seizures in a group of patients investigated with the intracarotid amobarbital-pentylenetetrazol EEG test were analyzed. This diagnostic test, originally designed to distinguish a mechanism of primary from that of secondary bilateral synchrony in the EEG was also used in a small group of patients with independent bilateral temporal epileptiform spiking. The test has been carried out in 99 patients of which 34 were operated on. Not all the operated patients fulfilled the test criteria for secondary bilateral synchrony. PMID- 817891 TI - Prophylaxis with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital and alumina-gel monkey model. I. Twelve months of treatment: seizure, EEG, blood, and behavioral data. AB - Utilizing an alumina-gel epileptic monkey model, with instrumentation for continuous monitoring of all overt, spontaneous motor seizures, the efficacy of pharmacologic prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy was explored. The alumina-gel model provides a relatively standardized brain trauma from monkey to monkey, resulting in virtually complete assurance that all animals will manifest, in time, electrical and clinical seizures if not treated. Thirteen rhesus monkeys were divided into two groups of 8 drug-treated and 5 placebo animals, respectively. Administration of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in a combined regimen commenced within 48 hr of the alumina-gel injections. After 1 year the monkeys were withdrawn from either their drugs or placebo and followed for a subsequent 4 month period. The data for the first 12-month period indicate that anticonvulsant treatment of potentially epileptic monkeys decreased both the frequency and severity of seizures they would have had without treatment. All animals manifested an electrical focus and overt seizures, but the drug monkeys had only partial seizures whereas the placebo monkeys exhibited secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The follow-up, no-treatment data of 4 months are reported in the following paper. PMID- 817892 TI - Prophylaxis with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in alumina-gel monkey model. II. Fourth-month follow-up period: seizure, EEG, blood and behavioral data. AB - This study, a 4-month follow-up period of a 12-month treatment study by the present authors, was concerned with the permanent effects of treatment with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in the alumina-gel monkey model. Whereas the 8 drug animals during withdrawal increased their seizure frequency, duration, and severity, those 4 animals having received 120 mg/kg/day DPH in weeks 6-12 had one half the number of seizures of the 4 placebo monkeys in the follow-up period. The other 4 drug animals who had continued to receive 60 mg/kg/day DPH during those weeks had two to four times the number of seizures of the placebo group during posttreatment. (All drug monkeys received 80 mg/kg/day of DPH from weeks 13-52 and 6 mg/kg/day of phenobarbital throughout the 12-month treatment period). The results reaffirm the problems of drug withdrawal and the importance of altering seizure mechanisms with sufficiently high doses of efficacious anticonvulsants rather than merely treating epileptic manifestations at lower doses. PMID- 817893 TI - A follow-up study of 91 patients operated on for focal epilepsy. AB - Ninety-one patients operated on for focal epilepsy between 1952 and 1973 have been followed regularly. Nontumoral lesions were found in 68 patients, and tumors in 23. Of the 50 patients without tumor who have been followed for more than 2 years, 30% were seizure-free, 50% improved, while only 20% did not benefit from the operation. There was no operative mortality. Ventricular asymmetry in the pneumoencephalogram was associated with a better prognosis than when there was no or symmetrical enlargement. The time between the onset of seizures and the operation did not affect the prognosis, but early operation is important to achieve better and quicker rehabilitation. There was a positive correlation between the postoperative ECoG and EEG and the clinical results. PMID- 817894 TI - The treatment and management of emergency status epilepticus. PMID- 817895 TI - Acute anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine: a combined electroclinical and serum level study in amygdaloid kindled cats and baboons. AB - This preliminary study utilizing the kindling model of established epilepsy has provided information about the most effective routes of administration for diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine in baboons and cats. The time of peak plasma levels for these drugs has been demonstrated in these animals so that experimental protocols can be designed to deliver the agents at appropriate times prior to the kindling stimulation. In addition, dose effectiveness data is presented for these species. In 1 baboon, phenobarbital was also seen to suppress photosensitive seizures. The potential usefulness of the kindling model in anticonvulsant research is suggested. PMID- 817896 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of the electroencephalogram in epileptics: I. Topographic distribution and average rate of epileptiform activity. AB - In 57 male and 33 female uncontrolled adult epileptics treated solely by diphenylhydantoin, scores on a broad battery of neuropsychological tests were compared with the separate and simultaneous consideration of the topographic distribution and average rate of occurrence of their EEG epileptiform discharges. These studies were given within a median of 1.24 days of each other. In the battery of tests, it was statistically significant that the group with generalized discharges did the poorest, patients with focal epileptiform activity were intermediate, and those without discharges did the best. When the rates of occurrence of discharges were compared to the neuropsychological test scores, results were less often significantly correlated with the EEG findings. In general, however, individuals with discharges occurring at the rate of more than 1/min did worse than those with fewer discharges. When the topographic distribution and average rate variables were considered in combination, their impacts on psychological performance were cumulative. The results suggest that EEG epileptiform discharges serve as an index of brain function having a bearing upon neuropsychological performance of epileptics. PMID- 817897 TI - Problems in extrapolating toxicity data for laboratory animals to man. AB - Some of the problems in extrapolating laboratory animal toxicity data to man are considered. The quantitative predictiveness of preclinical studies of anticancer drugs using dogs and monkeys for man has also been examined. The relationship between the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the dog, monkey, and the more sensitive of the two species and clinical observations are discussed. The effectiveness of using doses expressed on the basis of body weight (mg/kg) and body surface area (mg/m2) are compared. A method is introduced to assess the "statistical risk" associated with the extrapolation of the initial clinical (phase I) dose from experimental animal data. The best clinical prediction is obtained when one uses the experimental MTD expressed in mg/kg for the more sensitive of the large animal species (dogs or monkeys). The clinical introduction of a new anticancer agent at a dose 1/10 the MTD in the more sensitive species carries a statistical risk of about 3%; that is, the initial doses of about 3 of every 100 new drugs introduced into the clinic will produce some toxic effects in man. These same data have been extended theoretically to the total population and toxic chemicals in general. Reliable extrapolation from laboratory test models to man requires a much more complete understanding of structure--activity relationships, pharmacokinetic factors, and mechanisms of toxicity. PMID- 817898 TI - Extrapolation of experimental data from animals to man. AB - Conditions for extrapolating toxicologic data from animals to man were studied. In the search for general regularities associated with the comparative sensitivity of humans and various species of animals to toxins, it was shown that the toxicity parameters of compounds and the biological constants of mammals correlate with body weight. This relationship is well described by a rectilinear regression equation which holds for more than 100 of the most diverse mammalian biological constants. The toxicity parameters for 80% of the substances also are subordinated to this regularity. This made it possible to develop a computational method for extrapolating toxicologic data from animals to the "average" man. In order to increase the reliability of extrapolation, it is necessary to take into consideration the limits of variability of sensitivity of various population contingents to the effect of chemical compounds, estimate the accuracy of establishing the threshold and no-effect doses of substances under chronic experiment conditions with animals and determine the maximally possible error associated with extrapolating experimental data to the "average" man. In this respect, it is advisable to use a coefficient of reserve whose value should not be less than 10 in order to ensure safe conditions for the transfer of the results of toxicologic studies to public health practice. PMID- 817899 TI - Automated gel permeation--carbon chromatographic cleanup of dioxins, PCBs, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. PMID- 817901 TI - Preliminary results of an interlaboratory PCB check sample program. PMID- 817900 TI - Effects of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) administration on the glucuronic acid pathway in the rat liver. PMID- 817902 TI - Decomposition of bisdithiocarbamates and metabolism by plants and microorganisms. PMID- 817903 TI - Some effects of DDT and PCB on the hormonal system in the male mouse. PMID- 817904 TI - Studies on chlorinated phenoxyphenols (predioxins). PMID- 817905 TI - Metabolism of two pure chlorobiphenyls and their effects on the hepatic content of cyt. P-450. PMID- 817906 TI - Effect of 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB) on the embryonic development of the NMRI mouse. PMID- 817907 TI - Transference of environmental pesticides and PCB into species of western Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. PMID- 817909 TI - Monitoring DDT and PCB in airborne fallout. PMID- 817908 TI - Photochemical degradation of PCB, PBB and other flame retardants. PMID- 817910 TI - Pathway definition of pesticide and mercury uptake by fish. PMID- 817911 TI - A generally applicable transfer technique for infrared spectroscopy in the microgram and submicrogram range. PMID- 817912 TI - alpha-L-iduronidase activity in leukocytes: diagnosis of homozygotes and heterozygotes of the Hurler syndrome. AB - The activity of alpha-L-iduronidase was determined in leukocytes from two patients with the Hurler syndrome, five obligatory heterozygotes, one patient with the Hunter syndrome, and ten normal individuals. It was found that the determination of alpha-L-iduronidase in leukocytes was a useful method for differential diagnosis between the Hurler and Hunter syndromes. Heterozygotes of the Hurler syndrome showed approximately 50% level of alpha-L-iduronidase activity in leukocytes as compared with that of normal individuals. This suggests that the determination of alpha-L-iduronidase activity may be available for the carrier detection of the Hurler syndrome. PMID- 817914 TI - Hyperalaninemia hyperpyruvicemia and lactic acidosis due to pyruvate carboxylase deficiency of the liver; treatment with thiamine and lipoic acid. AB - A 16-month-old female infant with severe mental and motor retardation, clinically diagnosed as Leigh's encephalomyelopathy, forms the basis of this study. This infant was found to have lactic acidosis, low cerebrospinal fluid glucose, hyperalaninemia, and increased levels of urine lactate, pyruvate and alanine. These laboratory studies suggested an inborn error in gluconeogenesis. Further investigation revealed a low level of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase activity. The patient's elder sister who also had mental and motor deterioration was then also found to have an elevated blood lactate. These two siblings clinically and biochemically showed improvement with treatment consisting of thiamine and lipoic acid. PMID- 817915 TI - An immunohistological study of follicular lymphoma, reticulum cell sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 817916 TI - Concanavalin A-mediated attachment and ingestion of yeast cells by macrophages. PMID- 817913 TI - Persistent cell mediated immune-deficiency following infantile stress during the first 6 months of life. AB - The cell mediated immunity as expressed by 2,4 DNCB skin sensitivity was measured in 50 healthy Iranian orphans of the age from 15 years. Complete records of the development of these children from birth were available. Children with severe gastroenteritis leading to marasmus and temporary thymic atrophy during the first 6 months of life showed a persistent atopy 1-5 years later. Less severe disease during this time lead to hyporesponsiveness. Similar stress after the 6th month of life did not lead to persistent changes in their cell mediated immunity. The implications of this for the epidemiology of neoplasia and infectious disease are discussed. PMID- 817917 TI - Occurrence of plastidial rRNAs and plastidial structures in bleached mutants of Euglena gracilis. PMID- 817918 TI - Helices in the macronucleus of Euplote eurystomus. PMID- 817919 TI - The effects of hyperosmotic agents on the electrical properties of the amphibian lens in vitro. PMID- 817920 TI - Synapses between interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of monkeys. AB - Electron microscopic examination of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus, pars dorsalis (LGNd) reveals the occurrence of synaptic contacts between profiles belonging to interneurons (I-cells). Almost all combinations are observed, namely, axodendritic, dendrodendritic, dendrosomatic and somatodendritic, the most frequent being the dendrodentritic synapses between the presynaptic dendrites characteristic of I-cells. Quantitative analysis of 5 samples, each consisting of 200 mum2 of net LGNd neuropil, shows that presynaptic membrane specializations present in I-cell axonal and dendritic elements amount to a mean of 3.73 mum or 8.16% of the surface of such profiles. Only 61% of this extent is in contact with principal cells (P-cells), and an unexpectedly high 39% engages other I-cell profiles. A tentative segregation of axonal and dendritic endings revealed the following significant mean differences: dendritic terminals are more numerous and larger; axonal profiles have more of their surface occupied by synaptic sites and each contact is longer. Findings suggest the existence of a network of interconnected interneurons which are presumably inhibitory in nature. Such an arrangement can provice a certain measure of anisotropic disinhibition which may be responsible for specific transformations occurring in the LGNd depending upon the size and velocity of the stimulus as well as of the degree of synchronicity of temporal patterns. PMID- 817922 TI - Some connections of the posterior thalamus in monkey. PMID- 817921 TI - Ultradian rhythms in the mobility and behavior of rhesus monkeys. AB - The presence of ultradian rhythms in the mobility and behavior of rhesus monkeys was explored in eleven animals equipped with mobility FM transmitters and placed alone or in pairs in laboratory cage situated in a sound proof, temperature controlled room, with food and water ad libitum. After an habituation period of 3 to 7 days, telemetric recordings of the mobility of the animals showed ultradian rhythms with a periodicity of 70 min during the daily 12-h light period. During the corresponding 12-h dark period, there were two dominant cycles of 103-144 min and 48 min respectively. Restriction of food and water to 1h/day did not change the duration of these cycles, and the presence of random noise also had little effect. Spontaneous behavior occurred in regular sequences within each cycle. Social relationships were found to affect rhythmicity of behavior, since pairs of monkeys synchronized their cycles. The lever press response recorded during auto shaping showed the same rhythmicity found in mobility, demonstrating the influence of ultradian rhythms on learned behavior. PMID- 817923 TI - 5-thio-D-glucose: o-diphenoloxidase inhibition as its mechanism of action. AB - 5-Thio-D-glucose completely inhibited o-diphenoloxidase from animal as well as plant sources. It has been reported that thioglucose suppresses spermatogenesis in mice and also insect metamorphosis, probably through inhibition of glucose transport. Inhibition of o-diphenoloxidase (which is active in spermatozoa and insect larvae) is suggested as an alternative mechanism of action of thioglucose. PMID- 817924 TI - Mast cells in the skin of normal, hairless and athymic mice. AB - The skin of congenitally athymic nu/nu mice is rich in mast cells which stain metachromatically, contain histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, and participate in the PCA reaction. Mast cells of athymic mice have thus the attributes of normal mast cells. PMID- 817925 TI - Development of thermoregulation in the newborn lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis moholi, Smith 1839). AB - The temperature-regulating system in bushbabies operates from the 1st day of life. The postnatal metabolism decreases from the 5th (2.9 ml O2/g-h) to the 140th day (0.7 ml O2/g-h) to the level of the adults. PMID- 817926 TI - [Glycoproteins in the microtubular granules of the paragonial secretory cells in Drosophila melanogaster Meig (author's transl)]. AB - Cytochemical observations of the paragonial microtubular granules during the first 2 weeks after emergence have shown the ultrastructural localization of glycoprotein in peripheral or central matrices by periodic acid-thio carbohydrazide-silver proteinate method (PATAg). The microtubules do not appear to contain glycoprotein moiety. The functional significance of the components of paragonial secretion is discussed. PMID- 817927 TI - 9-10-dihydroergotamine: production of antibodies and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 817928 TI - 4-Isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine (C 9333-Go/CGP 4540), an anthelminthic with an unusual spectrum of activity against intestinal nematodes, filariae and schistosomes. AB - 4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine was found to possess activity against intestinal nematodes in mice, against schistosomes in various hosts including primates and against two filarial species in the mongolian jird. Upon administration in a single oral dose it is equally effective against S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. PMID- 817929 TI - Mosaicism for sulfoiduronate sulfatase deficiency in carriers of Hunter's syndrome. AB - Using an assay for sulfoiduronate sulfatase based on the degradation of 35S mucopolysaccharides in a cell-free system, two clonal populations have been demonstrated in fibroblasts of heterozygotes for Hunter's syndrome. The locus responsible for sulfoiduronate sulfatase deficiency in this X-linked mucopolysaccharidosis is therefore subjected to dosage compensation in females. PMID- 817930 TI - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls: structural requirements for accumulation in the mouse bronchial mucosa. AB - Autoradiography showed that labelled polychlorinated biphenyls with chlorine in positions 2, 41, 5 and hydrogen in positions 3, 31, 6, 61 in the molecule are accumulated in the mouse bronchial mucosa. Further testing of this observation showed that 2, 21, 4, 51-tetrachlorbiphenyl-14C, but not biphenyl-14C, was taken up in the bronchi of mice. PMID- 817931 TI - Induction of fibrosarcoma by administration of DMBA into mandibular sockets of rats. PMID- 817933 TI - Vaccine against pregnancy: roundup on world research. PMID- 817932 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced modification of lymphocyte response to plant mitogens in rats. AB - In PCB-treated rats total white cell and differential counts and lymphocyte proliferative response to PWM were unaltered. The lymphocyte response to PHA was increased in treated animals. PMID- 817934 TI - [Certain conditions for raising the work standards in interhospital pharmacies]. PMID- 817935 TI - In vitro formation of informofer-like particles by isolated rat liver nuclei. PMID- 817936 TI - Distribution of constitutive enzymes and phospholipids in microsomal membranes of rat liver. PMID- 817938 TI - Tentative amino acid sequence of the constant region of normal pig immunoglobulin lambda-chains. PMID- 817937 TI - Ability of the isoelectric focusing technique to distinguish between structurally different immunoglobulins. PMID- 817939 TI - Immunological cross reactivity between bovine fibrinogen and bovine kappa-casein. PMID- 817940 TI - The amino acid sequence of the A chain of human alpha-crystallin. PMID- 817941 TI - Enhancement by chelating agents of lead toxicity to mitochondria in the presence of inorganic phosphate. PMID- 817942 TI - Accumulation of replicons in Tetrahymena. PMID- 817943 TI - Problems in this stabilization of the in vitro photochemical activity of chloroplasts used for H2 PRODUCTION. PMID- 817944 TI - Discrimation between monoclonal and heterogeneous immunoglobulin M by isoelectric focusingand radioautography. PMID- 817945 TI - Role of the pentose phosphate pathway in metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster elucidated by mutations affecting glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases. PMID- 817946 TI - Substrate-dependent protein-protein interactions in the regulation of lactose synthase. PMID- 817947 TI - Autoradiographic study of protein and RNA formation during early development of Drosophila eggs. PMID- 817948 TI - Cell determination in Drosophila with paradoxical genotypes. PMID- 817949 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Drosophila embryogenesis. 1. The structure of the egg envelopes and the formation of the cellular blastoderm. PMID- 817950 TI - Behavioral and hormonal effects of attachment object separation in surrogate-peer reared and mother-reared infant rhesus monkeys. AB - Mother-reared and surrogate-peer-reared rhesus monkeys were separated from their respective attachment objects at 6 months of age and tested for the following 9 weeks to determine their home-cage behavior and their pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress. Both groups displayed a strong immediate behavioral response to separation which was characterized by increased vocalization, increased locomotion, and decreased self-play. However, the surrogate-peer-reared infants showed a subsequent recovery in their levels of self-play whereas the mother reared infants instead developed stereotypic behavior patterns such as repetitive pacing. The 2 groups displayed similar plasma cortisol responses to weekly sessions in an apparatus equipped with animated toy "monsters". Mother-reared but not surrogate-peer-reared subjects, however, also manifested elevated cortisol levels when an animal in an adjacent cage was captured and removed for stress testing. Mother-reared infant monkeys thus responded in a stronger and more prolonged manner to the loss of their attachment object than surrogate-peer reared infants. These results suggest that infant rhesus monkeys form stronger attachments to monkey mothers than to inanimate surrogate mothers, a phenomenon which has not been as clearly demonstrated using other indices of attachment strength. PMID- 817951 TI - Phenformin-associated metabolic acidosis. AB - We report 18 consecutive phenformin-treated diabetic patients admitted to this Medical Service acutely ill with metabolic acidosis. Lactic acidosis was anticipated, and documented, in all. Also, however, though most of the patients had only weakly positive, or even negative, serum reactions with the nitroprusside reagent, all were found to have coexisting ketoacidosis, plasma 3 hydroxybutyrate averaging 7.1 mmol/L. +/- 3.9 (S.D.). This finding suggest that treatment of these patients should include insulin, and often also glucose, because most do not have marked hyperglycemia and some have hypoglycemia. The lactic acidosis in the nine patients who survivied was, on average, less severe than in the nine who died, but the difference was not statistically significant. Surivival correlated closely with the absence of shock on arrival. Only eight patients had a identifiable acute illness other than the metabolic acidosis. The other 10 patients had no discernible cause for the acute illness apart from their treatment with phenoformin. This finding raises serious doubts about whether phenformin should be used to treat patients with diabetes. PMID- 817952 TI - Actions of insulin-potentiating peptides on glycogen synthesis. AB - The action of urinary and synthetic AcG (acceleratory factor from growth hormone) peptides was studied in vitro and in vivo. Both peptides were inactive alone and active only in the presence of insulin to enhance glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and glycogen synthase conversion to the active I form in vitro and in vivo. Responses were dependent on both peptide and insulin concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. No response was obtained with glucose alone, but the presence of glucose did enhance the response of insulin alone or insulin in the presence of peptide. It is concluded that both AcG peptides enhance either the effective concentration or the activity of insulin at its site of action. PMID- 817953 TI - Benign tumors of the digestive tract among atomic bomb survivors, 1961-1970 Hiroshima. AB - The occurrence of benign tumors and diverticular of the digestive tract was investigated in an autopsy study of a fixed population of 100,000 samples in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There were 664 benign tumors and 40 diveritcula. Polyps were the most frequent tumor, were found more often in older people, occurred as single pedunculated well-differentiated adenomatous tumors, and most were less than 5 mm in greatest dimension. Larger polyps tended to have more atypism, but none showed definite premalignant change. No transition from benign to malignant polyps was seen. Polyps were found most frequently in the large intestine and in a large number (21%) and, when cancer of the large intestine was present, benign polyps were also found. Far more polyps are found when special intensive search is made for them. Comparison of the occurrence of benign polyps in different geographic areas must be adjusted for age and method of search as well as for other features such as histological type, dysplasia, etc. There was no evidence that the occurrence of benign tumors or diveritcula was related to prior exposure to ionizing radiation. PMID- 817954 TI - Loss of mitochondrial DNA in respiration-deficient mutant of yeast induced by 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - The loss of mitochondrial DNA was found in a cytoplasmic respiration-deficient mutant of yeast, strain N-1, induced by treatment of a normal yeast with 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide. In cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, mitochondrial DNA from the normal yeast showed a density of 1.684 g/ml, but mitochondrial fraction of respiration-deficient mutant strain N-1 had no detectable DNA at a densty of 1.684 g/ml or near it. Though an incorporation of 3H-adenine into mitochondrial DNA was amplified by the presence of cyclohemimide, the mutant had no detectable radioactivity in its mitochondrial fractions. Accordingly, it was concluded that respiration-deficient mutant strain N-1 has lost its mitochondrial DNA which was indispensable for the respiratory activity of yeast cells. PMID- 817955 TI - Effect of cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice. AB - Effect of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor-being mice was investigated using the allograft system. It was found that the treatment with oil-attached BCG-CWS was able to elevate the immunolgically depressed state of tumor-bearing mice to a normal level as determined by chromium release assay. PMID- 817956 TI - Enhancement of pancreatic tumorigenesis of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide by ethionine in rats. AB - The effect of ethionine on pancreatic tumorigenesis of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1 oxide (4-HAQO) in rats was studied. The high incidence of hyperplastic nodules developed in the exocrine pancreas of animals receiving a single injection of 4 HAQO only or protein-deficient diet containing 0.5% ethionine for 4 days followed by 4-HAQO. The incidence of adenoma was higher than that of hyperplastic nodules and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma developed in 1 out of 12 animals receiving protein-deficient diet containing ethionine for 18 days followed by 4-HAQO. No tumor was found in the pancreas of animals that received 0.005N HCl without 4 HAQO. These results suggest that the pancreatic tumorigenesis of 4-HAQO is enhanced by ethionine. PMID- 817957 TI - Reversal of growth arrest in adolescents with Crohn's disease after parenteral alimentation. AB - Growth arrest and delayed onset of puberty often complicate childhood onset Crohn's disease of the small bowel (granulomatous enteritis). Nutritional deficits arising from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, and increased caloric needs may contribute to growth retardation. To assess whether a sustained high caloric and nitrogen intake could reestablish growth, 4 children with extensive Crohn's disease of the small bowel were studied before and after parenteral alimentation which was instituted for symtomatic disease control. Weight gain, positive nitrogen balance, and improved nutritional status were achieved during parenteral alimentation in each patient. In 2 patients weight gain was sustained using oral nutritional supplements, and a substantial increase in linear skeletal growth continued in the ensuing months. One patient entered puberty within 4 months of parenteral alimentation and another had the onset of menarche and the development of secondary sex characteristics 4 months after parenteral alimentation and resection of diseased bowel. Growth may be reestablished in some growth-arrested children if intake is sufficient to establish a sustained positive caloric and nitrogen balance. Nutritional requirements imposed by the demands of growth and active disease and often compounded by the catabolic effects of corticosteroids may be excessive; growth may occur only if these needs are met orally and/or parenterally. PMID- 817958 TI - Plasma trace metals during total parenteral alimentation. AB - The plasma concentrations of the trace metals zinc and copper were studied prospectively in 13 patients with gastrointestinal diseases treated with parenteral alimentation (TPA) for periods of from 8 days to 7 1/2 weeks. Plasma copper levels fell rapidly and consistently in all patients, with an overall rate of - 11 mug per 100 ml per week. Zinc concentrations declined in 10 of 13 patients at a more gradual rate. Analysis of the standard parenteral alimentation fluids revealed zinc content equivalent to 50% of the daily requirement and a negligible content of copper. From combined analysis of plasma zinc, hair zinc, and taste acuity, there is evidence that increased utilization or redistribution within the body may effect plasma concentrations in some patients. Neither an increase in urinary excretion nor a primary decrease in plasma binding proteins appeared to be a major factor in lowering plasma trace metal concentrations. These findings indicate that a marked decrease in plasma copper is regular and a decline in plasma zinc is common during TPA using fluids unsupplemented with trace metals. Supplementation of parenteral alimentation fluids with the trace metals zinc and copper is recommended. PMID- 817959 TI - Oxidative metabolism of foreign compounds in rat small intestine: cellular localization and dependence on dietary iron. AB - Oxidative metabolism of foreign compounds was measured in the intestinal mucosa of male rats. Activities of benzpyrene hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 content were 3 to 10 times higher in epithelial cells of the upper villus than in mucosal crypt cells. Villous tip cells of the upper small intestine exhibited much higher cytochrome P 450 content and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity than did tip cells of lower intestinal segments. In rats fed commercial chow diet, cytochrome P-450 content and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in villous tip cells of duodenal mucosa were higher than in animals fed a semisynthetic diet, but cytochrome b5 and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase were unaffected. On restriction of dietary iron intake, cytochrome P-450 and oxidative enzyme activity fell sharply, but were completely restored in 24 hr by oral iron supplementation, whereas parenteral iron administration was ineffective. These findings suggest that intestinal drug metabolism is localized primarily in the upper villous cells of the proximal intestinal mucosa, that cytochrome P-450 is synthesized in maturing epithelial cells as they migrate from the crypts to the tip of the mucosal villi, and that this process is dependent critically upon absorption of iron from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 817960 TI - Impaired lithocholate sulfation in the rhesus monkey: a possible mechanism for chenodeoxycholate toxicity. AB - Radioactive lithocholate was administered intravenously to female rhesus monkeys with an exteriorized enterohepatic circulation, and the chemical form of biliary radioactivity was defined by thin layer chromatography. Most radioactivity was excreted in bile in the form of unsulfated conjugates (77%), indicating impaired sulfation relative to published data for man. Defective sulfation of lithocholate, the major bacterial biotransformation product of chenodeoxycholic acid, can explain accumulation of lithocholate in the enterohepatic circulation and provide a possible mechanism for the hepatotoxicity observed during chenodeoxycholic acid administration to the nonhuman primate. PMID- 817961 TI - Avian riboflavinuria IX. Qualitative action of a mutant gene in chicken on riboflavin-binding protein synthesis. AB - Laying chickens normally produce a riboflavin-binding protein (RBP) essential for the transfer of vitamin B2 to the egg. A mutant line of chickens (rdrd) is incapable of synthesizing functional RBP. The rdrd laying hens contain a component in the liver and the magnum of the oviduct which cross-reacts with rabbit antiserum specific for RBP. No crossreacting material (CRM) was observed in eggs or blood of rdrd hens. CRM is absent in extracts of livers of rdrd males, but it can be induced in roosters of this genotype by estradiol. CRM appears to be less immunogenic on a weight basis than RBP, and it carries less net negative charge. No measurable riboflavin-binding capacity was found for newly isolated or degraded CRM. PMID- 817962 TI - The release of a compound-chromosome stock in a vineyard cellar population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The prospect of autocidal insect control was investigated in a cellar population of D. melanogaster using a compound-chromosome stock. The released stock was synthesized by irradiating virgin female progeny derived from the cellar and crossing to a second-chromosome compound laboratory stock. Incorporation of an appropriate genetic background into the compound stock was tested in laboratory studies. Larval development to adult emergence and adult survival studies indicated the compound release stock to be relatively similar to the wild population, while behavioral tests detected no mating isolation between wild or compound genotypes. An unstable equilibrium point of compound frequency 0.7 was observed in population cage experiments with the two genotypes. Adults were released into the cellar at a 50:1 ratio in favor of the compound. Five hundred newly hatched compound-chromosome larvae were also released. Adult, larval and pupal samples were regularly made. The compound stock successfully bred in the cellar maintaining an adult frequency of at least 90% for 108 days after the release. The rapid decline in compound frequency after this period is thought to be due to the migration of inseminated wild-type females from wine storage areas adjacent to the cellar. The results indicate that a compound stock may limit the rate of population expansion in an area and may be a useful mechanism of autocidal control. It cannot be overemphasized that the probability of a successful release will be related to the level of understanding of the adaptive strategy of the population into which the release is made. PMID- 817964 TI - Non-mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: hereditary transmission of I factor. AB - Systematic crosses between various strains of Drosophila melanogaster lead in some cases to partly sterile F1 females. Two main classes of strains, inducer and reactive, may be recognized on the basis of the fertility of F1 female progeny. Females which may show incomplete sterilty (SF female) arise only when reactive females are crossed with inducer males, other crosses, including the reciprocal, producing only fertile F1 females. SF sterility appears as the result of an interaction between two factors, R brought into the initial cross by the reactive mother and maternally inherited, and I brought by the inducer father. The present paper reports on the hereditary transmission of I factor. It is shown that when transmitted through heterozygous males, bearing chromosomes of both inducer and reactive origin, I factor may be strictly linked to any one of the three major chromosomes of inducer strains. Such chromosomes carrying I factor were called inducer chromosomes. When transmitted through heterozygous females, this Mendelian behavior fails to hold, and non-inducer chromosomes coming from reactive strains may become inducer independently of the production of recombined gametes. This phenomenon was called chromosomal contamination. This contamination occurs even between nonhomologous chromosomes. PMID- 817963 TI - Evidence for coadaptation: negative correlation between lethal genes and polymorphic inversions in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Through examination of all available data on lethal and inversion frequencies on the second chromosome in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, we have discovered that there is a clear negative correlation between the two quantities. Lethal genes are located more densely on the regions of standard gene arrangement than the inverted regions, and this accounts for the negative correlation. To reveal the underlying mechanism of the phenomena, we have carried out an experiment and found that effect of EMS-induced mutations on the inversion carrying chromosome is more severe than that on the standard chromosome. We interpret these results as evidence for coadaptation or position-effect within the inversion chromosomes. New mutations within the coadapted gene complex are quickly eliminated from the population and polymorphic inversions are kept free of mutants through selective elimination. PMID- 817965 TI - Synaptonemal complexes during premeiotic DNA synthesis in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Well-synchronized populations of oocytes obtained by means of the "pupal system" (Grell, 1973a) have been examined to determine the time of appearance of the synaptonemal complex. The complex first appears in the most advanced oocytes between 132 and 138 hr of female development. Between 138 and 156 hr the complex apparently undergoes a fourfold increase in length. At 150 and 156 hr the complex system is extensive and present in virtually all oocytes. Previous studies using the pupal system have placed the period of premeiotic DNA synthesis between 132 and 162 hr. Thus, indirect evidence indicates that a significant portion of synaptonemal complex formation is coextensive with the main DNA replication in the oocyte. Direct evidence that DNA synthesis and complex formation occur simultaneously in oocytes has been obtained by electron microscope autoradiography. By definition, then, the stage of synaptonemal complex formation in Drosophila must include premeiotic interphase. PMID- 817966 TI - [Mathematical modeling of the relationship between the cytogenetic effect and the concentration of the mutagen]. AB - The effect of different concentrations of thiophosphamide on the culture of human leucocytes was investigated. Three mathematical models were studied, one of which, being satisfactory for describing the experimental data, was chosen. According to this model a quantity of aberrant cells changes with the concentration of thiophosphamide non-linearly and can be described according to the equation A=exp[-(KC+alpha)2], where A is a portion of normal cells, C - a concentration of a mutagen, K and alpha - the coefficients, while exp[-alpha2] is the control level of normal metaphases. The quantity of chromosome breaks per cell is described according to the equation X= exp [KC + +alpha)2]-1. The general view of the equation is constant for different phases of the cell cycle. It follows from the suggested model that the action of two molecules of an alkylating agent is necessary for the formation of a chromosome break. This is indicative of double-stranded structure of a chromosome in its section. It also follows from the suggested model that the action of thiophosphamide has no cut off. Thiophosphamide induced chromatid aberrations during the G2 phase, therefore it is not a mutagen of the check action. PMID- 817967 TI - [The mutagenic effect of thio-TEPA in laboratory mice. III. A comparison of the effect of different doses in the generative and somatic cells of male mice]. AB - The solution of thio-TEPA was injected intraperitoneally to male mice of C57BL strain at doses of 5, 2.5; 0.32 and 0.16 mg/kg. The mutagenic effect of thio-TEPA in germ cells was investigated by means of the method of dominant lethals and compared to the cytogenetic effect in bone marrow cells. Late spermatids were the most sensitive to 5, 2.5 and 0.32 mg/kg doses. The frequency of dominant lethals induced by the 2.5 mg/kg dose in late spermatids is four times as high as that of bone marrow cells with chromosome anomalies. After the treatment with the 0.16 mg/kg dose only 1.4% gaps were recorded in bone marrow cells, while dominant lethal mutations were induced in 8--16% of spermatocytes. An assumption is made that the specific sensitivity of the stages of spermatogenesis to chemical mutagens depends not only on the characteristics of the mutagen, but on the dose used as well. The method of dominant lethals is more sensitive, than the cytogenetic analysis of chromosome lesions in bone marrow cells. PMID- 817968 TI - [The relationship between the cytogenetic action of thiophosphamide and the duration of human cell treatment]. AB - The subject of the present investigation is the expositional curves of the effect of thiophosphamide (as a drug and chemically pure compound) on chromosomes of human leucocytes at concentrations of 20 and 30 mcg/ml. Thiophosphamide was shown to retain its mutagenic activity during the 8 hrs incubation in the medium under the temperature of 37 degrees C. The percent of aberrant cells and the number of chomosome breaks per 100 cells appeared to show non-linear dependence on the exposition at different concentrations of thiophosphamide. The percent of aberrant cells as a function of the exposition of the mutagen can be satisfactorily described by the equation rho=-a exp [-Kt], where rho is a portion of aberrant cells, a and K are the coefficients, t is the time of the exposition of cells to the mutagen. But this equation results in a negative value of a number of aberrant cells in the control. No satisfactory description of the change in the number of chromosome breaks was found. The portion of chromatid breaks did not change under any exposition and remained at the level of 80%. The proportion of symmetric and asymmetric, complete and incomplete exchanges under different expositions with thiophosphamide did not change and did not differ from 1:1. Isoeffective points for different expositions to and concentrations of thiophosphamide were not obtained, this suggests a non-additive relationship between concentrations and expositions to thiophosphamide. PMID- 817969 TI - [The relationship between the cytogenetic effect of thiophosphamide in different concentrations and the temperature of human lymphocytes]. AB - The effect of different concentrations of thiophosphamide on chromosomes of human lymphocytes within 1 hour at the G0 phase under different temperatures was investigated. It is shown that the concentration curves of the effect of thiophosphamide under different temperatures can be described according to the equation: A= =exp [-(KC+alpha)2], X=exp [(KC+alpha)2]-1, where A is the portion of normal cells, X is the number of chromosome breaks per cell, C is the concentration of thiophosphamide, K and alpha are coefficients. The coefficient alpha was shown not to depend on temperature under the action of thiophosphamide on cells. The temperature dependence of the coefficient K can be described according to Arrenius equation: K=A exp [-deltaU/RT]. Proceeding from the experimental data the changes of entropy, free energy and energy of activation of thiophosphamide-chromosome interaction were calculated (deltaS= =18.48 cal-mol-1 degree-1, deltaF310=12897.40 cal-mol-1, deltaU=18626.20 cal-mol-1 for the test "aberrant cells"; deltaS=17.79 cal-mol-1-degree-1, deltaF310=12935.02 cal-mol-1, deltaU= =18449.92 cal-mol-1 for the test "chromosome breaks". These values of thermodynamic potentials show that the reaction of thiophosphamide-chromosome interaction can be of the fermentative nature. PMID- 817970 TI - [Blood groups ABO, MN and Rh in diseases of the cardiovascular system]. AB - Studies of theincidence of ABO, MN and Rh blood groups were carried out in 896 patients aged 40-89 with cardiovascular diseases and in 523 healthy people of the same age. High occurence of cardiovascular diseases was observed in patients having A and MM blood groups. The coefficient of relative morbidity A : 0 and MM:(NN +MN) depends on the age, the degree and the prevailing localization of the pathological process. PMID- 817972 TI - [Clonal analysis of the progeny of UV-irradiated Bacillus subtilis (uvr+ and uvr ) cells]. AB - The revertants to adenine prototrophy or mutants to auxotrophy can be easily identified on synthetic media which are partly enriched by caseine hydrolysate and yeast extract. It is shown with the use of these media that 1.5% colonies formed by Bacillus subtilis cells of the original type (ade6 met5) have mutant clones which are initiated by spontaneous revertants to adenine prototrophy. These revertants arise in the time of division of cells in macrocolonies. After plating diluted suspension of irradiated cells those colonies which contain mutant clones formed by spontaneous revertants can be erroneously taken for mixed colonies formed by induced revertants. About 40% mutants to auxotrophy induced by high dose of UV-light in in uvr+ cells form pure mutant colonies. The same mutants, induced by uvr cells by five time less UV-dose, usually form mixed colonies. PMID- 817971 TI - [The mutagenic effect of thioTEPA in laboratory mice. IV. The influence of genotype and sex on the frequency of induced chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells]. AB - In bone marrow cells of eleven genotypes of mice strain and sex variations in sensitivity to cytogenetic effect of thio-TEPA were studied. Strains 101/H, C57BL/6 and A/Sn were the more sensitive and F1 (CBAXC57BL/6) and F1 (C3HX101) were the more resistant to induction of chromosome damages. The rate of induced chromosome aberrations was correlated with the level of spontaneous chromosome damages in bone marrow cells (r=+/-0,893+/-0,02). From all strains males were more mutable than females. It is recommended to use C57BL/6 strain of mice male for genetic tests of chemicals by cytogenetic methods in vivo. PMID- 817974 TI - [An experimental study of the morphogenetic properties of several phenols inducing phenocopies of vitiligo]. AB - In an experiment with black guinea pigs a phenocopy of vitiligo was obtained by means of the exposure of the skin to the action of p-tert-butyl-phenol (PTBP) or to catechol (C). Two other compounds: 2,2-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane (DDP) and 2, 4, 6-tri-tert-butyl-phenol (TTBP) exerted a hypopigmentary effect. PTBP and C depigmented the skin but caused no preceding inflammation. Spots of depigmented (white) skin and hairs were surrounded by a zone of hyperpigmentation. Leukoderma proved to be stable, in some cases irreversible, and exhibited a tendency to progressing and spontaneous dissemination. In the experiments with Drosophila melanogaster both PTBP and C were observed to possess a morphogenetic capacity: they induced a change in the puparium colour (C), as well as of the colour of body and wings of adult flies, inducing also disturbances of wing development practically in 100% of individuals to which these substances were administrated with food at the larval stage. None of the four preparations tested exerted any mutagenic effect in cells of imaginal buds of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 817973 TI - [The mutagenic effect of thioTEPA in laboratory mice. V. The influence of female genotype on the realization of dominant lethal mutations induced in male spermatids]. AB - Hybrid male mice (F1 males derived from the cross DBA/2 X AKR) were injected intraperitoneally with thio-TEPA at a 2 mg/kg dose. The mutagenic effect was determined from the frequency of dominant lethal mutations induced in spermatids of males. The malles were mated during the second and the third week after the injection to females of the strains C57BL/6, CBA/lac and to the F1 hybrid females derived from the cross CBA X C57BL/6 differing in the frequency of spontaneous and induced aberrations in bone marrow cells. In the course of investigation of pregnant C57BL/6 females, F1 (CBA X C57BL/6) and CBA/Lac females the frequency of dominant lethals induced in late spermatidis was established to be 63.4, 54.0and 37.9% respectively. The differences were interpreted as the evidence of different rates of recovery of a certain proportion of premutational lesions of the chromosomes of sperms in fertilized eggcells of female mice. No significant differences between the groups of females were observed in case of the treatment of early spermatids. It is established that the F1 hybrids derived from the cross DBA/2X XAKR are characterized by a high mutability. PMID- 817975 TI - [Comparative frequency of phenotypical similarity between interfamilial and intrafamilial pairs of patients with generalized and focal epilepsy]. AB - The correlation of the frequency of intra-paired phenotypical resemblance of intrafamilial (parents-children--46 pairs, sibses--26 pairs) and interfamilial (48 pairs) epilepsy according to the complex of constitutional and clinical features is studied. The intra-paired resemblance of the onset (homochronicity) and clinic (homotypia) of intrafamilial (even in different generations) epilepsy was discovered more often (41.3--85.5%) than interfamilial epilepsy (18.7- 33.3%). The complete intra-paired phenotypical resemnlance is the most characteristic for generalized, than focal intrafamiliar epilepsy. The comparison of the frequency of intra-paired resemblance according to constitutional features and the medium influence showed that the phenotypical manifestation of the epileptical genotype depends on the complex constellation of hereditary and medium factors being subjected to considerable modification by exogenes. However the clear difference of the frequency of intra-paired clinical resemblance of intra- and interfamilial epilepsy in considerable degree was caused rather by consitutional pecularities than by exogenens influence and may testify to possible hereditary heterogeneity of epilepsy. PMID- 817976 TI - A factor on a wild third chromosome (IIIRa) that modifies the segregation distortion phenomenon in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 817977 TI - Gene transfer in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic transformations induced by the DNA of transformed stocks. PMID- 817978 TI - Genetic assimilation of part of a mutant phenotype. PMID- 817979 TI - Crossing over between closely linked markers spanning the centromere of chromosome 3 in drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 817980 TI - Selection at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster imposed by environmental ethanol. PMID- 817981 TI - Tandem duplications in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Intrachromosomal exchange of a heterozygous tandem duplication. PMID- 817982 TI - Helping your patient choose and adjust to a nursing home. PMID- 817983 TI - Expanding the role of nurses in rehabilitation. AB - The role of nurses in geriatric rehabilitation is an aggregate of responsibilities directed toward planning realistic and meaningful restorative measures for disabled elderly persons. Nurse practitioners in this field are challenged to provide intelligent, competent bedside care, but it is equally important that they strive to create a milieu in which meaningful stimulation and sensory input are deliberately introduced. The geriatric rehabilitation nurse may be defined as a jack-of-all-trades and as a master of innovation. In the absence of a physical, occupational, or speech therapist, the nurse should be able to institute safe and stimulating activity programs. In the absence of a social worker, the nurse should have the interviewing and counseling skills that will enable intelligent intervention with helpful guidance in a social crisis. PMID- 817984 TI - The objectives and final goals of physical therapy. PMID- 817985 TI - [Biologically active metabolites of blue-green algae and their effect on experimental animals]. PMID- 817986 TI - New procedures. Improved technique for placement of intestinal feeding tube with the fibreoptic endoscope. AB - A feeding tube can be rapidly introduced into the small intestine through a makeshift 'external channel' of the fibreoptic endoscope. To prevent dislodgement of the feeding tube upon withdrawal of the endoscope, the former may be stabilized by means of the biopsy forceps introduced through its regular channel. PMID- 817987 TI - Physical, chemical and immunological studies on bovine factor VIII. AB - Highly purified bovine factor VII prepared according to our technique and having a specific activity of 500 U/mg protein has been studied. The chemical analysis of the preparation revealed it to be composed of amino acids, lipids (8-10%) and carbohydrates (7%). The lipid moiety can be removed by chromatography. Different mechanism of inactivation of bovine factor VII and the possible molecular changes induced by the inactivating agents were studied. EDTA and EGTA provoke a weakening of the bonds linking the structural elements of the molecule, which allows for the separation of two different components of the molecule by gel filtration. Upon treatment with thrombin, the carbohydrate content of bovine factor VIII decreases without any apparent degradation of the protein moiety of the molecule. The fact that precipitating and neutralizing antisera against factor VIII were obtained, shows that the molecules modified by EDTA and thrombin still have the antigenic properties of factor VIII. The inhibitor developed by hemophiliacs transfused with human factor VIII is bound to bovine factor VIII, forming a complex reveal that it is composed of bovine factor VIII and human gamma-globulin. Bovine factor VIII in the complex retains some antigenic determinants which bind rabbit antiserum against bovine factor VIII, as shown by neutralization of the antiserum and by precipitation studies. PMID- 817988 TI - An analysis of adult social spacing tendencies and related social interactions in a colony of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) at the San Francisco zoo. AB - Observations on adult interindividual spacing and social interactions for 13 spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) of an approximately 48 animal captive colony were made from mid-June through August 1972. In this analysis the interanimal distances, general activities, and social interactions per minute observation for each subject were compared for a sample of 7 sexually mature males and 6 sexually mature females. Association tendencies between members of the same sex were significantly high as were exchanges of the taxon-specific 'pectoral sniff and embrane" interactions and grooming. The direction and nature of agonistic interactions was predominantly intersexual and involved frequent attacks by single or multiple males against females. Comparisons with a feral population of spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) revealed marked similarities in spatial affinities and patterns of social interaction. PMID- 817989 TI - Ranging patterns of a troop of baboons (Papio anubis) in Kenya. AB - A troop of olive baboons, Papio anubis, was studied for 11 months in an open country habitat near Gilgil, Kenya. Detailed mapping of troop movements was undertaken and provided a precise picture of range usage, showing that a small part of the range was used intensively. Gradations of home range use are described quantitatively. Tendencies to spread out and coalesce in different parts of the range are investigated. Shifting ranging patterns are examined together with meteorological factors, seasonal food supplies and water availability. PMID- 817990 TI - [Light-induced activity optimum in night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus)]. AB - It is shown that the amount of locomotor activity of night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) depends very markedly on the intensity of illumination in the darkness phase of an artificial light/darkness cycle 12:12 h. Maximum activity occurs with the degree of brightness of full moon at approximately 0.1 lx. Lesser as well as higher light intensities have an inhibiting effect on the activities of Aotus. These findings are in accordance with the results of activity measurements on the Aotus under natural illumination conditions in the vicinity of the equator. PMID- 817991 TI - Preliminary study of the comparative anatomy of the external nose of South America monkeys. AB - This is a preliminary study on the comparative microscopic anatomy of the external noses of platyrrhine monkeys. Platyrrhinism is caused by the lateral width of the internarium (Alar cartilages, soft tissue in the sulcus interalaris covered by the integument). The septum nasi, situated caudal to the internarium is not involved in platyrrhinism. Aotus and Alouatta are, according to the definition, truely playtrrhine. The division of the higher primates into Platyrrhina and Catarrhina is justified. The anterior surface of the internarium (sinus hairs) is a sensorial area. PMID- 817992 TI - Chromosomal variations in the primate Alouatta seniculus seniculus. AB - Chromosome analysis in 23 specimens of Alouatta s. seniculus trapped in different localities of Colombia were examined with the C- and Q-banding techniques. The chromosome numbers (2n=44) showed variations from 2n = 43 to 2n = 45 involving three and five microchromosomes, respectively. Two specimens also showed a structural chromosome variation involving a pericentric inversion of the chromosome No. 13. Chromosome measurements revealed an X chromosome with a value significantly smaller to that established for the standard mammalian X chromosome. PMID- 817993 TI - Provisional classifications and key to living species of macaques (primates: Macaca). AB - 19 recognized species of macaques (Macaca) are allocated to four species groups (fascicularis group, silenus-sylvanus group, sinica group, arctoides group) based primarily on structure of male external genitalia. Geographic ranges of all four species groups are partly sympatric; ranges of species within each group apparently are allopatric. Distribution patterns suggest that the silenus sylvanus group probably dispersed earliest, the sinica group next, and the fascicularis group most recently; successively more recent dispersals probably contributed to reduction and disjunction of ranges of species groups that dispersed earlier. An artificial key to external characters of recognized species is presented. Deficiencies are noted in Hill's recently published taxonomic traeatment of macaques; these criticisms concern Hill's classification, key, nomenclature and range maps. PMID- 817994 TI - Vocalizations and their behavioral contexts in the tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis. AB - The characteristic calls of Saguinus fuscicollis are described and illustrated with sound spectrograms. Each call type and its associated behavior is listed together with motor and vocal responses usually observed for a given context. Many of the call types are highly specific to social contexts while others appear to reflect changes in excitation level. Call types form two categories when related according to their acoustic structural similarity. Information in the 'group vocabulary" is discussed under five functional categories: spatial cohesion; alerting; aggressive behavior; infant calls, and adult vocalization during infant calls. PMID- 817995 TI - Effect of parturition and group composition on competitive drinking order in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). AB - Competitions for access to water were conducted weekly in a captive group of Macaca arctoides. After giving birth, parturient females that had been low in order of access showed elevation. Elevation was not due solely to increased motivation for water, since it depended on the presence of higher ranking animals. Presence of higher ranking animals did not influence agonistic behavior involving parturient females as greatly as it influenced order of access to water. Elevation of access order after parturition tended to be long lasting, and it was not an artifact of depression in access order preceding birth. Delivery of a dead fetus did not alter access order. PMID- 817996 TI - Carrageenan: the effect of molecular weight and polymer type on its uptake, excretion and degradation in animals. PMID- 817997 TI - Reproductive dysfunction in rhesus monkeys exposed to low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aoroclor 1248). PMID- 817998 TI - Chances for exclusion of fatherhood of defendant non-fathers concerning twins of compatible and incompatible serological structure. PMID- 817999 TI - The differentiation of an adult's bloodstain from that of a child using an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. AB - A procedure is described for the detection of specific antimicrobial antibodies in bloodstains. The technique is described and the relationship between antibody concentration and the age of the doner is reported. It is shown that, provided foetal blood can be excluded, an unknown bloodstain may be identified as that of a person over 15 years with a high degree of confidence. PMID- 818000 TI - [What is the cost of drug quality?]. PMID- 818001 TI - [Conservative therapy of angina pectoris using nifedipine (Adalat)]. AB - 35 patients with angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction were treated for the period of 6 weeks with a new calcium-antagonist (4-2'-Nitrophenyl-2,6 Dimethyl 1,4-dihydro-pyridin-3,5-dicarbon acid dimethylester) Adalat. The attacks of angina pectoris decreased by 75 percent, the need for nitroglycerin decreased by 84 percent. Examination at rest and under exercise before and during the treatment with Adalat showed when registered by electrocardiogram and by the mean pulmonary-capillary pressure a better tolerance under exercise during treatment as well as a decrease of the PCPm in rest and under exercise after 6 week-therapy with Adalat. No improvement during the period of treatment was seen in 2 patients, who suffered from a severe diffuse type of coronary artery disease. PMID- 818003 TI - [Serum glycoside level in old age. Problems of course control in glycoside therapy]. AB - Many intoxications--up to 20%--and the often described "digitalis-incompatibility of old age" require a strict indication for this long term therapy and a critical discussion to conceptions like "old age-heart" and "insufficiency of old age heart". The factors of uncertainty for efficient therapy -- unknown rates of resorption and elimination, mistakes in dosage by patients and interaction with other medicaments on account of the multimorbidity of old age -- demand a better control than only clinical observation and electrocardiography. In 25 patients the serum glycoside concentration was evaluated during several weeks at constant dose by radioimmunoassay and analyzed. Digoxin-assay has to be available as an "emergency-measure", since the early diagnosis of digitalis intoxication in old patients is often very difficult because of the ambiguous clinical picture. 63 patients of different age with normal function of the kidneys (endogenous creatinin-clearance, nephrography with iodine-131-hippuran) were treated with 0,75 mg digoxin/die orally and the serum glycoside concentration was evaluated after 8, 24 and 48 hours by radioimmunoassay; we only found a dependence on weight, but not on the age of our patients. In old age, digoxin is metabolized in the same way as in young age, but because of frequent kidney diseases, kidney function should be assessed carefully before long term digoxin therapy. PMID- 818002 TI - [Diagnosis of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses]. AB - The finding of monoclonal immunoglobulins is highly significant in the diagnosis of myeloma or macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom. The appearance of a homogeneous peak in serum- and/or urine electrophoresis is an important sign. However, the final diagnosis and the type of immunoglobulin involved can only be established by immunoelectrophoresis. Further important markers are: a tumorous or diffuse "lymphoplasmoid" infiltration of the bone marrow or of other organs, typical skeletal lesions and typical haematological findings in the clinical course of the patient. The diagnosis of myeloma or Waldenstroms disease can be set up without doubt if two of the four markers mentioned above are present. PMID- 818005 TI - The assay of antimicrobial compounds. AB - The earliest antibiotic assays evolved from attempts to qualitatively demonstrate antimicrobial activity in biological fluids. The need for rapid, selective, accurate assays of antibiotics present in blood arises from the fact that many potentially toxic, commonly used antibiotics have narrow toxic: therapeutic ratios; no single dosage regimen can insure adequate therapeutic levels that are not toxic, because of individual variation in excretory patterns and in susceptibility of infecting bacteria. This need for rapid quantitative information about the serum antibiotic concentration can be met by agar diffusion assays, enzymatic assay, or radioimmunoassay. Other assay techniques less commonly used to meet this clinical need are both dilution assay, turbidimetric assay, potentiometric assay, and chemical assay. Details for one agar diffusion assay are presented, as well as principles and references for other techniques. PMID- 818004 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. AB - Considerable advances have been made in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This review emphasizes the continued efforts toward standardization of methods for dilution and diffusion testing, particularly in the area of variation in medium performance, methods for detection of ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae, and attempts to develop rapid automated systems for susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing of anaerobes continues to be controversial from the standpoint of both the selection of methods and the application of susceptibility results to the clinical situation. It is expected that these and other problems in susceptibility testing will be solved by continued application of the investigative approaches that have brought us where we are today. PMID- 818006 TI - C1 and human platelets. II. Detection by immunological methods and role. AB - A C1 haemolytic activity was previously shown to be associated with platelets. The presence of C1 on human gel filtered platelets is confirmed by Ouchterlony analysis, and platelet aggregation induced by anti-c1 q antisera. After cleavage of C1 by EDTA, platelet aggregation induced by aggregated was decreased and was restored by the addition of C1. The possible role of C1 in human platelet aggregation induced by aggregated immunoglobulins or immune complexes is discussed. PMID- 818008 TI - Antiarrhythmic activity of racemic propranolol and its optical isomers in ouabain induced cardiac arrhythmias in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 818007 TI - Potentiation of C56-initiated lysis by leucocyte cationic proteins, myelin basic proteins and lysine-rich histones. AB - Synthetic polycations such as poly-L-lysine (PLL) have recently been shown to enhance C56-initiated lysis by neutralization of serum-derived inhibitors of the C567 complex, collectively designated C567-INH. In the present report we have examined the effect of several naturally occurring polycations on C56-initiated lysis. Lysosomal granule extracts from rabbit peritoneal exudate cells were found to potentiate C56-initiated lysis via counteraction of C567-INH in the fluid phase; this was dependent upon the amount of C567-INH present and independent of cell concentration. The basic proteins of guinea-pig, bovine, and monkey myelin as well as lysine-rich histones also potentiated EC567 formation, but this effect seemed to occur predominantly at the cell surface. The presence of biologically derived cationic proteins at sites of complement activation during inflammation thus might lead to enhanced tissue damage by favouring the formation of cell-C567 intermediates by either or both of these mechanisms. PMID- 818009 TI - Distribution of pyocine types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical sources. PMID- 818011 TI - Using heights and weights, how close are our estimates of undernutrition in a community? PMID- 818012 TI - Serological classification of Ps. aeruginosa and prevalent types in India. PMID- 818010 TI - Cycloserine plus ethionamide plus pyrazinamide in the treatment of patients excreting isoniazid-resistant tubercle bacilli following previous chemotherapy. PMID- 818013 TI - Analysis of the cell wall of five strains of Myocbacterium tuberculosis BCG and of an attenuated human strain, W 115. AB - The chemical composition of the deproteinized, delipidated cell walls of five strains of BCG and of an attenuated human strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been established, with special focus on their poly-L-glutamic acid content. All the cell walls have the same overall composition. Their poly-L-glutamic acid content varies from 0 to 4.6%. A correlation between the poly-L-glutamic acid content and the biological properties of the BCG strains reported in the literature could not be established. PMID- 818014 TI - Antiviral activity of Brucella abortus preparations; separation of active components. AB - Injection into mice of heat-killed Brucella abortus or aqueous ether-extracted B. abortus (Bru-pel) induced a "virus-type" interferon response, with peak titers at 6.5 h. The animals also were protected against challenge with otherwise lethal doses of Semliki forest virus. Extraction of either heated B. abortus or BRU-PEL with a mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1, vol/vol) (C-M( yielded an insoluble residue (extracted cells) and a C-M extract. Neither extracted cells nor C-M extract alone induced interferon or afforded protection against Semliki forest virus infection in mice. Full interferon-inducing and protective activity was restored when extracted cells were recombined with C-M extract. C-M extract from heat-killed Escherichia coli also was effective in restoring activity to extracted Brucella cells. Neither heat-killed E. coli nor its C-M extract was active, nor was C-M estracted E. coli recombined with the C-M extract from B. abortus. These results suggest that the interferon-inducing and antiviral protective properties of B. abortus are constituted of a C-M-extractable component that is common to B. abortus and E. coli and an unextractable component that is unique to B. abortus. PMID- 818015 TI - Bactericidal properties of human cell-free lymph. AB - The bactericidal properties of human cell-free lymph have been investigated. Gram negative and gram-positive bacteria are susceptible to the killing action of lymph fluid. The colony-forming ability of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was reduced by 3 logs after 20 min of incubation with 10% (vol/vol) lymph. Salmonella and Listeria were less susceptible to killing. The presence of multiple killing factors in lymph showing different specificities for different bacterial cells was demonstrated. PMID- 818016 TI - Adjuvant effect of cord factor, a mycobacterial lipid. AB - Cord factor was a good adjuvant in mice and rats but exerted little if any adjuvant effect in guinea pigs. In rats, cord factor not only enhanced antibody production but also induced delayed hypersensitivity. Wax D was a weak adjuvant in mice. Cord factor caused a marked inflammatory swelling at the sites of injection in mice, but it caused no such swelling in rats and guinea pigs. PMID- 818017 TI - Bacterial interference: effects of oral antibiotics on the normal throat flora and its ability to interfere with group A streptococci. AB - The effects of orally administered penicillin and tetracycline on the composition of the normal throat flora and its interference with the growth of group A streptococci were evaluated by throat culture and an agar overlay technique. Tetracycline caused only a slight, transient quantitative decrease in the composition of the flora and interference activity. Penicillin caused significant quantitative and qualitative decreases in both the composition of the flora and interference activity. The diminution in interference activity persisted up to 3 weeks after therapy. The differences observed between the antibiotic regimens correlated with differences in initial susceptibility of the flora to the antibiotic used and emergence of the resistance during therapy. Results indicated that although effects of antibiotics on the composition of the flora are transient, effects on its ability to interfere with group A streptococci may persist long after therapy is discontinued. It is thus possible that penicillin therapy may enhance susceptibility of certain individuals to subsequent infection with group A streptococci. PMID- 818018 TI - Cytotoxic effects of leukocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on polymorphonuclear leukocytes from cattle. AB - The cytotoxic action of leukocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in vitro by following the release of various intracellular markers from polymorphonuclear leukocytes from cattle (PMLC). Low-molecular markers (K+, 86Rb+, glucose) were lost from PMLC within 1 to 2 min after the addition of leukocytes. The release of high-molecular-weight indicators (51Cr, bound to intracellular protein; lactate dehydrogenase) occurred only after swelling of the cells, leading to an increased permeability of the plasma membrane. Calcium ions stimulated the leakage of granule enzymes but retarded or inhibited the release of cytoplasmic markers. At 4 C, leukocytes were unaffected by the toxin. Leukocidin, bound at 4 C to leukocytes and treated with antiserum against leukocidin, did not damage the cells upon increasing the incubation temperature to 37 C. PMID- 818019 TI - Pathological features of experimental gonococcal infection in mice and guinea pigs. AB - The histopathological and immunofluorescent findings in tissues within and surrounding artificially created subcutaneous tissue cavities infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae for 1 to 30 days were studied in mice and guinea pigs. Findings in the tissue cavities of the animal models were similar to the findings of disseminated gonococcal infection in humans. These similarities included an intense persistent polymorphonuclear leukocytic response with tissue necrosis, hemorrhage into the early lesion, a perivascular leukocytic response in adjacent tissue, difficulty in detecting large numbers of discrete morphologically typical gonococci by the tissue Gram stain and direct fluorescent antibody techniques, a decrease in the number of identifiable gonococci with duration of the infection, and moderate amounts of extracellular and intracellular immunofluorescent gonococcal debris. Studies into the pathogenesis of the animal infections may enhance our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism (s) associated with gonococcal infection in humans. PMID- 818020 TI - Comparison of progenitor toxins of nonproteolytic with those of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum Type B. AB - A nonproteolytic strain of Clostridium botulinum type B produces two toxins of different molecular weight (16S and 12S) that are indistinguishable from the corresponding toxins of a proteolytic strain in molecular weight and construction but differ in potential toxicity, activation ratio, and hemagglutinability. Successful hybridization between the toxic and nontoxic components (both7S) of 12S toxins of biologically heterologous type B strains confirmed the physico chemical similarity between the toxic as well as the nontoxic components. PMID- 818021 TI - Evaluation of adenosine deaminase and other purine salvage pathway enzymes in horses with combined immunodeficiency. AB - Foals with combined immunodeficiency had normal levels of purine salvage pathway enzymes, including adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase. PMID- 818023 TI - Selective activation of classical and alternative pathways of human complement by "promptly serum-sensitive" and "delayed serum-sensitive" strains of Serratia marcescens. AB - Chelation of fresh human serum with 0.01 M MgCl2 (Mg) plus 0.01 M ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid failed to abrogate the bactericidal activity against "delayed serum-sensitive" strains of Serratia marcescens, whereas previously "promptly serum-sensitive" strains of S. marcescens and control strain Escherichia coli C were killed after an extended period of incubation. The addition of 0.01 M ethylenediametetracetate to fresh human serum neutralized bactericidal activity against S. marcescens of either serum sensitivity category. PMID- 818022 TI - Enhancement activity of anti-mycobacterial sera in experimental Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) infection in mice. AB - The passive transfer of rabbit anti-mycobacterial immunoglobulins was directed against either living or soluble extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, which promotes the multiplication of the BCG strain of M. tuberculosis in the spleen of mice infected with low doses of this latter strain. This enhancing effect was reduced significantly when antisera were absorbed with living BCG. Moreover, such treatment led to the removal of all hemagglutinating antibodies when antisera were tested against either BCG or H37Rv soluble extracts. Therefore, it is most probable that the enhancing effect is related to the presence of mycobacterial antibodies. PMID- 818024 TI - Immunoglobulins A, G, and M in serum and in some secretions of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis syn. irus). AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the distribution and levels of the following immunoglobulins, IgA, IgG, and IgM ,in sera and in some secretions of monkeys (M. fascicularis). IgG, IgA, and IgM were isolated from monkey serum and secretory IgA was separated from monkey milk by combined gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. These pure preparations served as standards to quantitate immunoglobulins in sera and secretions by single radial immunodiffusion. Antisera were raised in the rabbit against the pure immunoglobulins and also against the whole secretions to identify the immunoglobulins in immunoelectrophoresis. In common with humans, the major immunoglobulin in serum and amniotic fluid is IgG and the IgG/IgA ratio is greater than unity. In secretions IgA is the dominant immunoglobulin and the IgG/IgA ratio is less than 1. In general, the levels of immunoglobulins in the sera and secretions of monkeys paralleled the levels found in humans. No age related increase in immunoglobulin levels was detected in the sera of monkeys. PMID- 818025 TI - Correlation between pseudomonas burn wound infection and granulocyte antibacterial activity. AB - The relationship of granulocyte bactericidal activity with three strains of pseudomonas and the virulence of these same organisms in a scald-burned rat model was investigated. Resistance to bactericidal activity was measured for each strain, using an in vitro assay and normal rat peritoneal granulocytes. Mortality was recorded for rats receiving a 30% third-degree scald burn with simultaneous pseudomonas burn wound infection. A positive correlation between mortality and resistance to bactericidal activity of granulocytes was obtained. These studies stress the importance of pseydomonas strain specificity in burn wound infection and indicate that mortality from these strains may be specifically related to their resistance to the bactericidal activity of leukocytes. PMID- 818026 TI - Pili as a mediator of the attachment of gonococci to human erythrocytes. AB - Isolated pure gonococcal pili were found capable of producing direct agglutination of human erythrocytes. Four different strains of gonococci were compared, and hemagglutination was produced by isolated pili or piliated gonococci but not by nonpiliated gonococci of each strain. Pili from each of the four strains were antigenically distinguishable using antisera specific for pili to agglutinate piliated gonococci, form precipitin lines in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, or inhibit hemagglutination caused by purified pili or piliated gonococci. However, these tests also demonstrate some shared antigenicity among pili. Shared antigens among the four pili types were quantitated at less than or equal to 2.5% by radioimmunoassay. Inhibition of hemagglutination was most marked with antiserum to the homologous pili type. Inhibition of hemagglutination by antiserum to heterologous pili suggested that shared antigens on pili from B and 2686 strains of gonococci are located near the erythrocyte attachment moiety of B strain pili and removed from the attachment moiety of 2686 strain pili. These results suggest that antigenic heterogeneity of pili will prove an important factor in any efforts to use pili as a vaccine for gonorrhea. PMID- 818027 TI - Characteristics of atypical Neisseria gonorrhoeae from disseminated and localized infections. AB - Approximately 6% of 1,200 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were atypical because they produced smaller than normal colonies on conventioal chocolate agar and fermented glucose weakly. Auxotyping studies indicated that these atypical strains required for growth arginine, uracil, and, in most instances, hypoxanthine. In addition, all of them were susceptible to 0.02 U of penicillin/ml. None of the normal colony isolates, including those susceptible to the same low concentration of penicillin, had the same nutritional characteristics. Atypical strains comprised almost half of the isolates from disseminated infections, but only 5% of those from localized infections. Auxotyping was used to identify the contact of a patient who became reinfected nine times with an atypical gonoccal strain. In addition to its usefulness in such epidemiological studies, this technique has enabled us to distinguish a subgroup of gonococci with apparent increased pathogenicity. PMID- 818028 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of an extract of Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The effects of treatment of mice with an aqueous extract of Listeria monocytogenes on lymphoid populations and on immune responsiveness were studied. Thymus weight was decreased to a third of the control, whereas spleen weight was proportionally increased as the number of treatments was increased. The total numbers of cells in the thymus and bone marrow were diminished, whereas the number in the spleen was increased. Serum hemolysin production and plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes were suppressed in treated mice when the extract was given before administration of antigen. Spleen cells from treated mice failed to mount an antibody response upon transfer to syngeneic gamma irradiated recipients, suggesting that potential antibody-producing cells were impaired by the treatment. PMID- 818029 TI - Chemical modification of crude timothy grass pollen extract. II. Class and specificity of antibodies induced by chemically modified timothy grass pollen extract. AB - The effects have been studied of three different chemical modifications of timothy grass pollen extract on various immunological properties. The ability to induce IgG antibody with specificity for native antigen was least affected by glutaraldehyde treatment; IgE antibody production was reduced to a similar extent by all three modifications; there was no increase in IgM production; delayed reactions were reduced. New antigenic determinants were introduced by all the modifications, but the effect was minimal following glutaraldehyde treatment. The significance of these results and the potential application of modified allergen in hyposensitisation therapy are discussed. PMID- 818030 TI - Treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 818031 TI - Apical curettage as a treatment of acute periapical inflammation. AB - In 16 incisors, one canine, and one premolar with an acute periapical infection which had perforated the cortical bone, an apical curettage was carried out. During the treatment and the following 5 days, the patients were protected with antibiotic therapy. The curettage was performed through a slightly arched incision, convex toward the gingival margin. At the same sitting, a guttapercha root filling was made in the conventional way. Irrespective of operation, which involved a somewhat larger than normal incision, no spread from local to general infection was found in any of the cases. The patients were free from pain and other symptoms of infection after one treatment. In the radiographic examinations carried out from 6 to 12 months and 3 years later, it was found that 50% of curetted roots showed complete healing, 33% were uncertain and 17% were unsatisfactory. Bone formation was most rapid during the first postoperative year, after which it decreased. The bone formation was also most rapid in larger lesions but decreased, even in these, when it advanced to the vicinity of the root. PMID- 818032 TI - Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic aspects of 13 cases of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - Thirteeen patients with the characteristic signs and symptoms of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBS) are presented. It is suggested that the chromosomal anomalies sporadically reported have hardly any connection with the syndrome. The jaw cysts removed from the patients with NBS were clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically typical keratocysts with a high occurrence of epithelial islands and/or microcyts in the connective tissue of the capsule. The significantly higher occurrence of proliferative epithelial remnants in the connective tissue of the cyst wall may be an explanation of the high recurrence rate seen in patients with NBS and of the recurrence of some solitary keratocysts in patients without any signs or symptoms of NBS. In a follow-up period of 2 years, 85% of the patients with NBS showed recurrence. One-third of these patients did not show any recurrence at the 1-year follow-up. Therefore, a follow up period of 2 years or more is mandatory in the care of patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PMID- 818033 TI - Cancellous bone grafting with collagen stents. AB - Surgical defects were created in the superior border of the mandible in five mongrel dogs and filled with particulate cancellous bone taken from the ilium and held in place with a bovine collagen stent. New bone formation was studied radiographically, histologically, and by intravital tetracycline labeling. The stent was adequate to maintain the bone particles in position and was well tolerated by the tissues. The length of survival of the collagen stent was related to the degree of tanning. PMID- 818034 TI - Post-extraction hemostasis during coumarin anticoagulant therapy with a locally applied coagulation-active substance. AB - A safe and simple method for the dento-alveolar attendance of patients on coumarin derivative therapy is reported. It eliminates the need to interrupt anticoagulant administration, while a physiologic coagulation-active substance consisting of fibrin, thrombin, and the patient's venous blood is used for hemostasis. This easy-to-prepare substance was applied following 53 extractions, two alveolar corrections and one resection of the third molar, and excellent hemostasis was observed without the occurrence of a secondary hemorrhage. PMID- 818035 TI - Follow-up study of apicoectomized molars. AB - The present material consists of 46 respected molars, 20 of which were located in the maxilla and 26 in the mandible. Altogether, 93 different roots were resected and 109 root fillings made. The follow-up study was made 1-6 years after the apicoectomy. The patients were examined clinically, special attention being paid to the subjective and objective symptoms shown by each apicoetomized tooth. Then a stereoscopic picture of the resected tooth and an orthopantomogram were taken. Of these 46 apicoectomized teeth, 33 (71%) showed complete healing, five (11%) were uncertain, four (9%) showed unsatisfactory healing, and four (9%) were extracted. When examining molars it seems reasonable to study each root as a separate case. Among the 93 apicoectomized roots, there were 75 (81%) cases of complete healing, six (6%) of uncertain healing, four (4%) of unsatisfactory healing, and eight (9%) extractions. There was no difference between the groups of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas in healing. The percentage of cases of complete healing was higher when approximately one-half of the roots were resected than when approximately one-third were resected. The orthograde root filling made in connection with resection was found better than the retrograde or the earlier orthograde filling. It was also found that when several periapical lesions were present in the other teeth, the number of complete healings in the group of resected teeth was less. PMID- 818036 TI - Minimizing biopsy error. AB - Several factors influence substantially the order of accuracy of oral biopsy procedures. This paper evaluates some of these factors and suggests methods whereby accuracy can be improved. The surgeon's responsibility extends beyond the operating theater and into the laboratory if maximum value is to be derived from each biopsy specimen. It is suggested that present sucess rates of surgical treatment of oral carcinoma can be improved by attention to laboratory procedures by the clinician. PMID- 818037 TI - One hundred cases of mandibular fractures in children in Iraq. AB - A survey of 476 cases of mandibular fractures in Iraq revealed that 100 cases (21%) occurred in children under the age of 13 years. Twice as many fractures were seen in the 6- to 13-year-old group than in the 0- to 5-year-old group. The male to female ratio was 2/1. The site distribution in descending order of frequency was canine region, condyle, angle body and symphysis. Of the 33 condylar fractures, only two showed signs of deviation and ankylosis. Most of these fractures were treated by simple methods of fixation. PMID- 818038 TI - Recurrent desmoplastic fibroma. AB - Two cases of recurrent desmoplastic fibroma are reported and the relevant literature reviewed. In both cases the original lesion was incompletely removed more than 10 years previously and the slow but aggressive spread of the recurrences is documented. Desmoplastic fibromas are locally invasive tumors and primary surgical excision should be accomplished together with a margin of normal tissue. The second case also presented with an associated amputation neuroma and this topic is briefly discussed. PMID- 818040 TI - Clinical and hematological investigation of Rheumapax in surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth from the mandible. AB - The clinical effect of Rheumapax and placebo on postoperative complications after surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar has been evaluated in a controlled clinical trial. The investigation included 66 patients in two treatment groups, 32 patients being given Rheumapax and 34 placebo. Hematological tests performed before and 10 days after the operation revealed no adverse reactions. There was a significant reduction of postoperative pain and trismus with Rheumapax in addition to a favorable, through nonsignificant, effect on swelling. PMID- 818041 TI - Ultrastructure of epithelial lining of keratocysts in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - The ultrastructure of the epithelial lining of 12 odontogenic keratocysts in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome was investigated. The differences in fine structure between normal keratinizing squamous epithelium of skin or mucous membrane and keratocyst epithelium are discussed. It is demonstrated that separation of keratocyst epithelium from the underlying fibrous capsule is due to fragmentation and partial or complete disappearance of collagen in the juxtapithelial connective tissue compartment. Collagenolytic activity is suggested as a probably mechanism for this phenomenon. PMID- 818039 TI - Intracystic fluid pressure in non-keratinizing jaw cysts. AB - The technique for registration of fluid pressure in jaw cysts by means of pressure transducer and cannulation of the cyst cavity or cementation of a two way valve into a tooth communicating with the cyst is described. Twenty-six closed cysts were subjected to registration of intracystic pressure. Subsequent histologic examination showed that all cysts were non-keratinized. Initial pressure values in apical periodontal cysts averaged +47 mmHg, in follicular cysts +44 mmHg, and in residual cysts +38 mmHg. A median palatine cyst exhibited a pressure of +81 mmHg. Most cysts showed intracystic pulsation corresponding to the number of heart beats on electrocardiograms obtained simultaneously. The intracystic pulsation disappeared when the intracystic pressure was experimentally increased and reappeared when it was lowered. In three cases in which registration of pressure was performed 7-14 days after the aspiration of the cyst fluid, an intracystic pressure in the same range as the initial one was found. The findings indicate deficient lymphatic drainage of non-keratinizing jaw cysts. PMID- 818043 TI - Submental diffuse arteriovenous aneurysm. PMID- 818042 TI - Two cases of plasmacytoma in the oral cavity. AB - Two cases of plasmacytoma in the oral cavity are described. The first case was a plasmacytoma of the palate in a 64-year-old man, which be an oral manifestation of multiple myeloma, with fatal course 17 months after the first examination. The second was a plasmacytoma in a 43-year-old man, manifesting first in the mandible. A review of the recent Japanese dental literature was made: 14 cases were found in the literature exhibiting evidence of plasmacytoma in the oral region. Eight of these patients had oral manifestations of multiple myeloma (IgG myeloma, 3; IgA myeloma, 1; IgD myeloma, 1; B-J myeloma, 1; undetermined, 2). The other six cases were single lesions of plasmacytoma. The ratio of males to females was 1:1. The mandible was more frequently involved than the other oral structures. The site of predilection was the posterior portion of swelling and, less frequently, pain. Surgical treatment was favored in single lesions of plasmacytoma, while in myeloma chemotherapy and a combination of radiotherapy chemotherapy constituted 75% of treatment. PMID- 818044 TI - Diagnosis of sarcoidosis from oral manifestation. AB - The diagnosis of sarcoidosis may be a matter of complexity. Two cases of sarcoidosis in which oral manifestations were helpful in the diagnosis are presented. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed and discussed, and it seems that sarcoid involvement of clinically normal-appearing oral mucosa occurs with some frequency. PMID- 818045 TI - Some cerebellar effects on cerebral seizures in the monkey. PMID- 818046 TI - Systemic therapy of ocular herpes. AB - Ara A is a relatively insoluble compound that has topical antiviral activity and potency identical to those of IDU. Patients allergic or resistant to one may successfully use the other, and they represent valuable alternatives. Intravenously, Ara A has been shown in our double-blind studies to be effective against herpetic iritis and deep stromal disease, whereas no topical agent has been shown to be of use in man in treating these problems. Its intravenous use was not associated with significant toxicity. PMID- 818047 TI - Recent advances in antiviral therapy. AB - It has been demonstrated in clinical trials that (1) the antimetabolites Ara A and F3T are both significantly better than IDU in the treatment of many forms of ocular herpes, and (2) they are not significantly different from each other. In preclinical trials, the IDU ocular insert also has shown itself to be significantly better than IDU drop-ointment therapy, while exposing the eye to 40 percent less drug and adding tremendous convenience and ease of compliance by patients to an otherwise difficult medication schedule. Both photodynamic inactivation and cryotherapy have been shown in clinical trials to have notable therapeutic efficacy against herpes, but undesirable and occasionally severe side effects have slowed down and possibly stopped the further development of these techniques. PMID- 818048 TI - [Juveline xanthogranuloma. A case report]. AB - A case of xanthogranuloma juvenile (the small papular form) in a six month-old boy is presented. Only cutanous lesions are seen and the child is of good health. On the scalp, trunk and limbs there are 17 yellowish pea-sized papules. Histopathology reveals a dense infiltrate in the dermis which is composed of histiocytes, a number of giant cells of the foreign-body type is also present. With Sudan III staining in some of the histiocytes small droplets of lipids are seen. Other laboratory investigations are within normal limits. PMID- 818049 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica--zinc as a life-saving drug]. AB - Formerly acrodermatitis enteropathica was treated with oxiquinoline without full control of the disease and with the danger of blindness. Moynahan has introduced zinc into the treatment with excellent results, based on the finding that acrodermatitis enteropathica is a zinc-deficiency disorder. Other authors and own observations have confirmed the findings of Moynahan. There are clinical, genetical, immunological and therapeutical parallels between the acrodermatitis enteropathica of man and the so-called hereditary parakeratosis of calves which also is a hereditary disturbance of zinc metabolism. The treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica with zinc is furthermore a great success in the prevention of blindness, as zinc is not dangerous to the retina and the optic nerve. PMID- 818050 TI - What is a healthy preschool child? PMID- 818051 TI - Head Start on health. PMID- 818052 TI - Pathways to preschool nutrition education. PMID- 818053 TI - Web of life. PMID- 818054 TI - Jottings of an early childhood consultant. PMID- 818055 TI - When a young child must be hospitalized. PMID- 818056 TI - The relevance of Abraham Maslow's work to health education. PMID- 818057 TI - Curriculum development and research for safety education. PMID- 818059 TI - The Pimple Theory of health education. Responding to the causes of unhealthy behavior. PMID- 818060 TI - A model drug policy for a school system. PMID- 818058 TI - First steps in education. PMID- 818061 TI - Recent trends in alcohol education. PMID- 818062 TI - Alienation and the use of mind-altering drugs by college students. PMID- 818063 TI - When parents and young children go to school. PMID- 818064 TI - [Prevention of diabetes in pancreatectomised dogs by autotransplantation of pancreatic tissue in the liver]. AB - In 15 mongrel dogs, a mixture of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissue obtained by a simple procedure was implanted into the liver of the same animal through a branch of the portal vein. Five animals with partial pancreatectomy were used for a morphological study. In a second group of ten dogs, 5 delayed and 5 immediate pancreatectomies were performed. No diabetes appeared after the pancreatectomy. The subsequent blood glucose and insulin levels remained within or close to the normal range for several weeks in 9 animals and up to 10 months in a last one, still alive. In 9 out of 10 animals, the long term study was limited between 6 and 17 weeks by the development of a malnutrition syndrome with hepatic steatosis due to the lack of exocrine secretory function because of the pancreatectomy. The last animal still alive developed the malnutrition syndrome after a second complementary resection of a small pancreatic fragment left along the duodenum. This last animal without diabetes at the 45th week suggests that the endocrine function of the autotransplanted pancreatic tissue could be maintained over a long period of time. PMID- 818065 TI - A fatal cytauxzoonosis-like disease in cats. AB - A cytauxzoon-like agent caused fatal disease in 4 domestic cats from separate, rural, heavily wooded premises in southwestern Missouri. Clinical signs included lethargy; pale, icteric mucous membranes; fever; and dehydration. One case of fatal cytauxzoonosis occurred in early September, 1973, and another in September, 1974. Two additional cases were detected in June, 1975. Tick infestations were reported from a variety of animals, including cats, on all premises. Necropsy revealed generalized icterus and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages over the surfaces of the heart and lungs. The pericardial sac was distended with clear yellow serous fluid. Large numbers of schizonts characteristic of Cytauxzoon spp were discovered in specimens of liver, lung, spleen, and lymph nodes of all cats. Infection of vascular endothelial cells, a characteristic of cytauxzoonosis, was observed in all organs examined. Piroplasms or ring forms of the agent were observed in erythrocytes of affected cats. PMID- 818066 TI - Influence of chronic thyrotropin-releasing hormone injections on secretion of prolactin, thyrotropin and growth hormone and on growth rate in wether lambs. PMID- 818068 TI - Increased antibiotic sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa following passage in carbenicillin-containing media. PMID- 818067 TI - Effects of temperature and nutrients on proteinase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Ps. aeruginosa in broth and milk. PMID- 818069 TI - Cell envelopes of gram negative bacteria: composition, response to chelating agents and susceptibility of whole cells to antibacterial agents. PMID- 818071 TI - Modified assay medium for the turbidimetric assay of chlortetracycline in feeds. AB - In previous experiments, the turbidimetric method for determining chlortetracycline-HCI (CTC-HCI) in feeds showed lower recovery than the AOAC plate method. Although the addition of vitamins to the turbidimetric medium improved results, values by the turbidimetric method remained about 10% lower than by the plate method. A modified (1.7X the weight recommended by the manufacturer) turbidimetric assay medium decreased assay sensitivity but did not significantly change the slope of S. aureus response to CTC-HCI. There was no evidence that vitamin fortification of the modified medium had any significant effect on the growth rate of test organism. Examination of about 100 samples of commercial feeds containing CTC-HCI showed excellent agreement in results between the turbidimetric and plate methods. PMID- 818070 TI - Turbidimetric and diffusion assay of bacitracin in feeds. AB - A manual turbidimetric method for determining zinc or methylene disalicylate bacitracin in feeds was developed. When zinc ions (10-4M) were added to the medium and the phosphate ion concentration in standard solutions was decreased to 1%, the median response of Streptococcus faecalis was about 0.038 unit. Feeds analyzed by the turbidimetric assay should be prewashed with petroleum ether and extracted with pyridine as in 42.204. Zinc bacitracin standards added to swine and broiler rations were recovered at 93.1-102.6% by the turbidimetric method. Excellent agreement between the manual turbidimetric method and the plate assay was also obtained for finished feeds containing the zinc or methylene disalicylate salt of the antibiotic. The turbidimetric method appears to have high accuracy and precision. It is more rapid and less costly than the plate assay. PMID- 818072 TI - Collaborative study of the serological identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins by the microslide gel double diffusion test. AB - A collaborative study was conducted, using the microslide gel double diffusion test for enterotoxin detection by determining the staphylococcal enterotoxigenicity of 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Two strains produced staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), 2 strains produced staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), one strain produced both SEA and SEB, and 2 strains produced neither SEA nor SEB. To ascertain the effectiveness of this method for the detection of enterotoxins, strains of enterotoxigenic staphylococci which produced small or relatively large amounts of toxin were used in the study. The cultures were grown on semi-solid brain-heart infusion agar and the culture fluids were assayed serologically for SEA and SEB. The qualitative results of this study by 16 collaborators indicated that this technique, in general, demonstrated a high degree of specificity as well as simplicity and reproducibility in the identification of the enterotoxins. Of the 16 participating laboratories, 14 reported the correct diagnoses for the 7 staphylococcal strains studied and 2 laboratories determined 6 of the 7 strains correctly. Based on these results, this method has been adopted as official first action. PMID- 818073 TI - Comparative structural studies on the light chains of human immunoglobulins. I. Protein Ka with the Inv(3) allotypic marker. AB - The primary structure of the variable region of the human type K Bence-Jones Protein Ka with Inv(3) genetic marker was determined by sequence analysis of 25 major tryptic peptides covering 214 residues isolated from completely reduced and aminoethylated protein. The complete sequences of 18 of these peptides were determined. These comprised the entire variable NH2-terminal half and 7 peptides from the COOH-terminal half of the protein. For the remaining peptides covering the COOH-terminus, only partial sequences or the amino acid compositions were determined. On the basis of these results all the tryptic peptides could be arranged in order. The sequence of the variable region differed from other previosly reported in 21 to 51 residues, but no variation was found in the sequence of the last 107 residues. On the basis of sequence homology the protein was classified in the kI subgroup. A brief discussion of the possible genetic mechanism of sequence variability in relation to subgroup specificity is presented. PMID- 818074 TI - Long chain base and fatty acid compositions of equine kidney sphingolipids. AB - Equine renal glycopshingolipids were composed of galactocerebroside, glucocerbroside, ceramide dihexoside, ceramide trihexoside, sulfatide, globoside I, Forssman globoside, and hematoside. Free ceramide and sphingomyelin were also found in equine kidney. Their long chain bases consisted of sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, C18-phytosphingosine, and C20-phytosphingosine, whereas the fatty acids were separated into two groups: nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids. Ceramide monohexoside was separated into five spots by TLC on borax-impregnated plates. The major component of ceramide monohexoside was glucocerbroside which accounted for 46.6% of the total ceramide monohexoside and contained a ceramide consisting of phytosphingosines and hydroxy fatty acids. The long chain bases of hematoside and sulfatide contained dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases in nearly equal ratios. On the other hand, the other glycosphingolipids contained mainly dihydroxy bases, though with significant amounts of trihydroxy bases. Free ceramides were separated into four groups by silicic acid column chromatography and the major ceramides were of two kinds, consisting of dihydroxy bases and nonhydroxy fatty acids (49.9% of the total ceramide) and of trihydroxy bases and nonhydroxy fatty acids (38.5% of the total ceramide). The minor ceramides contained predominantly hydroxy fatty acids. Neither trihydroxy bases nor hydroxy fatty acids were detected in spingomyelin. PMID- 818075 TI - A minor component of ferredoxin from Aphanothece sacrum cells. AB - About 20% of the total extractable ferredoxin from a blue-green alga, Aphanothece sacrum, was separated as a minor component on a DEAE-cellulose column during the preparation of the major component of the cells. It was always found in cells collected in three different seasons. The chemical properties of the minor component was different from those of the major one. The enzymatic activity and spectral properties were those of typical chloroplast-type ferredoxins. The significance of isozymes in ferredoxin is discussed. PMID- 818076 TI - Evolutionary information involved in primary structures of chloroplast-type ferredoxins. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of a chloroplast-type ferredoxin from a fresh water prokaryote, Aphanothece sacrum, was determined. The sequence consisted of 96 amino acid residues and was homologous to those of ferredoxins of higher plants. Comparison of eight ferredoxins, including one from a green alga and three from blue-green algae, suggested that the sequences of algal ferredoxins were as different from one another as from those of higher plants. The relationship between the numbers of differences in amino acids and the period since separation from a common ancestor was not linear, even after correction for multiple substitution at an amino acid site in the sequence. It is very likely that the ferredoxins of angiosperms evolved rather rapidly and that those of algae, and particularly blue-green algae evolved rather slowly in the evolutionary scale. Several possible mechanisms of evolution of plants are discussed. PMID- 818077 TI - Studies of enzyme-catalyzed modification of proteins. I. Tyrosinase-catalyzed modification of asparaginase. AB - Asparaginase [EC 3.5.1.1.] of Escherichia coli, an anti-tumor enzyme, was inactivated in a time-dependent fashion by mushroom tyrosinase [EC1.14.18.1.]. The inactivation did not proceed, however, when heat-inactivated tyrosinase was used. Exculusion of the atmospheric oxygen or addition of diethyldithiocarbamate, a copper selective chelating agent, prevented the inactivation. The difference absorption spectrum of tyrosinase-inactivated asparaginase versus intact asparaginase exhibited the appearance of marked absorption peaks at 300 and 350 nm. These results indicate that the tyrosyl residue(s) of asparaginase, which is essential for the activity is enzymatically modified by tyrosianes. PMID- 818078 TI - Amino acid sequence of the major component of Aphanothece sacrum ferredoxin. AB - The amino acid sequence of the major ferredoxin component isolated from a blue green alga, Aphanothece sacrum, has been fully determined. Chymotryptic and tryptic peptides of carboxymethyl-ferredoxin and chymotryptic peptides of oxidized ferredoxin were prepared and their sequences were analyzed... PMID- 818079 TI - Purification and properties of rat small intestinal arginase. AB - Arginase [L-arginine amidinhydrolase EC 3.5.3.1] from rat small intestine was purified about 2,200-fold and its properties were compared with those of the rat liver and kidney enzymes. Intestinal arginase was extremely labile on storage either at -10 degrees or 4 degrees and lost activity during purification unless 25 mM L-valine was present. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by disc electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be 120,000 by Sephadex G-100 filtration... PMID- 818080 TI - Purification and properties of a protein factor stimulating peptidoglycan synthesis in toluene- and Licl-treated Bacillus megaterium cells. AB - A protein factor, called PG-I, can be solubilized from toluene-treated Bacillus megaterium cells by LiCl extraction. After LiCl extraction, peptidoglycan synthesis by the toluene-treated cells is decreased. Protein PG-I can be added back to the extracted cells to stimulate peptidoglycan synthesis. This factor has now been purified 124-fold. It has a molecular weight of 42,000 as estimated by Sephadex gel filtration in the presence of 0.4 M KCl and 52,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. Periodate-Schiff staining of the polyacrylamide gel indicates that factor PG-I is a glycoprotein. The reconstitution of LiCl-extracted cells requires Mg2+ with an apparent Km of 1.9 X 10(-3) M. The Mg2+ ions can be replaced by Ca2+ and by Mn2+ ions to some extent; Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions had no effect. The available data suggest that factor PG-I is essential for peptidoglycan synthesis and requires at least one thiol group for stimulatory activity. PMID- 818081 TI - Rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase. I. Relationship between phosphorylation state and kinetic properties. AB - Nine samples of purified rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (UDP glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.11) were obtained with alkali-labile phosphate contents ranging from 0.27 to 3.49 residues per 85,000 molecular weight subunit. The enzyme samples appeared essentially homogeneous when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and had relatively constant specific activity under standard conditions with saturating UDP-glucose and glucose-l-P concentrations (37.1 +/- 1.0 mumol of glucose incorporated/mg/min). When the UDP-glucose concentration was varied, deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed for all samples (Hill slopes of 0.79 +/- 0.02), but these deviations were virtually abolished by the presence of 5 mM glucose-6-P. Glucose-6-P decreased the S0.5 (concentration required for half-maximal rate) for UDP-glucose. The plots of activity increase caused by glucose-6-P versus glucose-6-P concentration became progressively more sigmoid in shape with enzyme samples of higher phosphate content. Both the S0.5 for UDP-glucose and the M0.5 for glucose-6-P (concentration for half-maximal activation) were sensitive functions of the alkali-labile phosphate content of glycogen synthase. The M0.5 increased from 3.3 muM at 0.27 phosphate/subunit to 2.7 mM at 3.5 phosphates/subunit, and the S0.5 varied from 0.75 mM (0.27 phosphate/subunit) to at least 61 mM (2.3 phosphates/subunit). Both parameters increased continuously with phosphate content, with the greatest absolute changes occurring at values greater than 2 residues of phosphates/subunit. The effects of both phosphorylation and activation by glucose-6-P appeared to be mediated primarily through alteration of the apparent affinity for UDP-glucose. With the phosphorylating conditions used, the results suggested that phosphate could not be introduced into the glycogen synthase molecule without altering its kinetic properties. Further, either the different phosphorylation sites were not equivalent, or else identical sites interacted in determining the kinetic properties of glycogen synthase. PMID- 818082 TI - Studies of the mechanism by which hepatic citrate synthase activity increases in vitamin B12 deprivation. AB - Hepatic citrate synthase activity has been shown to be increased 2- to 3-fold in vitamin B12 deficiency. Immunochemical titrations of the affinity chromatography purified enzyme obtained from liver of animals with B12 deprivation demonstrated that this increase in activity was the result of a true increase in enzyme protein content. When fixed ratios of aliquots of normal and B12-deprived rat liver homogenates were mixed, the activity measured showed no change from the expected total citrate synthase activity based on the admixture ratios. Partial purification of the enzyme resulted in the expected recovery of the enzyme at each of the purification steps. Thus, it is unlikely that the change in enzyme activity in B12 deprivation was due to the presence of a soluble or easily dissociable normally occurring activator or inhibitor. Ouchterlony double diffusion studies, immunochemical titration, and determination of Km vlaues for exalacetate and acetyl-CoA (substrates for citrate synthase) and Ki values for ATP (inhibitor of citrate synthase) all indicated that the enzyme from the B12 deprived livers was structurally the same as that from normal liver. Hepatic citrate synthase degradation rate constants were shown to be essentially unchanged in B12deficiency. The rate of hepatic citrate synthase synthesis, under steady state conditions, was shown to be 2.8-fold greater in the B12-deficient animal than in the normal animal. The increased rate of synthesis appeared to explian the increased enzyme content. Finally, no change in specific activity of the enzyme was seen in brain, heart, or kidney in the B12-deprived animal. PMID- 818083 TI - Characterization of (3H)cytochalasin B binding to the fat cell plasma membrane. AB - Transport of D-[3H]deoxyglucose and D-[3H]glucose by purified fat cell plasma membranes was markedly inhibited by cytochalasin B,dipyridamole, or phlorizin. The rate of L-[3H]glucose uptake was significantly slower and was unaffected by cytochalasin B. Both the rates of association of [3H]cytochalasin B with the fat cell plasma membrane and its dissociation from the membrane was significantly enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+. Scatchard plot analysis of [3H]cytochalasin B binding to fat cell membranes indicated the presence of high affinity and low affinity sites which exhibited apparent dissociation constants of about 6 X 10(-7) M and 5 X 10(-6) M, respectively. The concentration of cytochalasin B which half-maximally inhibited D-glucose transport was about 5 X 10(-7) M, indicating the high affinity sites are involved in transport inhibition. D-Glucose at concentrations as high as 100 mM had no effect on the binding of [3H]cytochalasin B to these high affinity sites, while the transport inhibitors phlorizin, phloretin, and dipyridamole markedly inhibited this binding. The protein reagents N-ethylmaleimide, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide, 1 fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, dithiothreitol, and trypsin also reduced binding. Extracted fat cell plasma membrane lipids dispersed by sonication did not bind [3H]cytochalasin B nor take up glucose by a cytochalasin B-sensitive pathway. The results indicate that cytochalasin B inhibits hexose transport in fat cells secondary to its interaction with membrane protein sites distinct from those which bind D-glucose. PMID- 818084 TI - The polysaccharides from heterocyst and spore envelopes of a blue-green alga. Methylation analysis and structure of the backbones. AB - Lindberg's combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis of partially methylated alditol acetate sugar derivatives were used to study the structures of polysaccharides from the envelopes of heterocysts and spores of Anabaena cylindrica. Polysaccharides from both envelopes are highly branched. Glucose, mannose, galactose, and xylose are at terminal positions, whereas glucose and mannose are at internal positions in these polymers. The molar percentages of the 11 partially methylated alditol acetate derivatives observed were approximately the same for both envelopes, suggesting that the envelope polysaccharides may be identical or almost identical. Smith degradation (periodate oxidation followed by reduction with sodium borohydride and mild acid hydrolysis) of the polysaccharides from the two kinds of envelopes removes the side branches without measurable fragmentation of the backbones. Gas chromatographic analysis of partially methylated alditol acetate derivatives of the sugars showed that the backbones of both envelope polysaccharides consist of glucose (Glc) and mannose (Man) linked by 1 leads to 3 glycosidic bonds. Disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides obtained from the backbone polysaccharides by partial acid hydrolysis were fractionated by column chromatography and separated by high voltage paper electrophoresis. Analysis of these oligosaccharides established that the backbone polysaccharides from both heterocysts and spores consist of repetitions of the structural unit Glc leads to Glc leads to Glc leads to Glc leads to Man, and that all linkages in the backbones are in the beta configuration. PMID- 818086 TI - The primary structure of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus 5 S ribonucleic acids. AB - The nucleotide of Bacillus stearothermophilus 5 S RNA is pC-C-U-A-G-U-G-A-C-A-A-U A-G-C-G-(G-A-G-A-G-G-)-A-A-A-C-A-C-C-C-G-U-U-C-C-C-A-U-C-C-C-G-A-A-C-A-C-G-G-A-A G-U-U-A-A-G-C-U-C-U-C-C-A-G-C-G-C-C-G-A-U-G-G-U-A-G-U-U-G-G-G-G-C-C-A-G-C-G-C-C-C C-U-G-C-A-A-G-A-G-U-A-G-G-U-C-G-U-U-G-C-U-A-G-G-COH; the nucelotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis 5 S RNA is pU-U-U-G-G-U-G-G-C-G-A-U-A-G-C-G-A-A-G-A-G-G-U-C-A-C A-C-C-C-G-U-U-C-C-C-A-U-A-C-C-G-A-A-C-A-C-G-G-A-A-G-U-U-A-A-G-C-U-C-U-U-C-A-G-C-G C-C-G-A-U-G-G-U-A-G-U-C-G-G-G-G-G-U-U-U-C-C-C-C-C-U-G-U-G-A-G-A-G-U-A-G-G-A-C-G-C C-G-C-C-A-A-G-COH. Comparison of the sequence of B. stearothermophilus 5 S RNA to the sequence of B. subtilis 5 S RNA and to that of Bacillus megaterium 5 S RNA (Pribula, C. D., Fox, G. E., Woese, C. R., Sogin, M., and Pace, N. (1974) FEBS Lett. 44, 322-323) indicates that the 5 S RNA isolated from the thermophile contains unique nucleotide sequences not found in 5 S RNAs isolated from the two mesophilic species of genus Bacillus. PMID- 818085 TI - The kinetic mechansim of bovine milk galactosyltransferase. The role of alpha lactalbumin. AB - Initial rate parameters obtained with bovine galactosyltransferase at saturating Mn2+ concentrations, and a variety of acceptors including N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, ovalbumin, and di-N-acetylglucosamine are inconsistent with an ordered addition of UDP-galactose and acceptor substrates to the enzyme-Mn2+ complex. Inhibition patterns with N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-glucose as inhibitors of the galactosylation of ovalbumin indicated that either UDP-galactose or N acetylglucosamine can bind to an enzyme-Mn2+ complex by a random equilibrium mechanism. Initial rate studies also indicate that alpha-lactalbumin may bind to either an enzyme-Mn2+-acceptor complex or an enzyme-Mn2+-UDP-galactose complex, suggesting that lactose synthesis also proceeds by a random equilibrium addition of substrates and alpha-lactalbumin. From the initial rate data assuming the random equilibrium mechanism, the dissociation constants for UDP-galactose, acceptor substrates, and alpha-lactalbumin from the appropriate complexes have been calculated. These values are in good agreement with those obtained independently by nonkinetic methods, providing additional support for the proposed random equilibrium mechanism. From similar studies with a cross-linked complex of alpha-lactalbumin and transferase, dissociation constants for UDP galactose and acceptor substrates from the enzyme-Mn2+-alpha-lactalbumin complex were calculated. Comparison of each of the dissociation constants in the substrate addition phase shows that the binding of acceptor substrates and alpha lactalbumin to enzyme-Mn2+ complexes is highly synergistic; the affinity of alpha lactalbumin for the enzyme-Mn2+ acceptor complex is about 2 orders of magnitude greater than for the enzyme-Mn2+ complex. Similarly, the affinity of the acceptor for the enzyme-Mn2+-alpha-lactalbumin complex is about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the enzyme-Mn2+ complex. Synergism is also observed between alpha lactalbumin and UDP-galactose binding but the synergism is much less than that observed with acceptor substrates and alpha-lactalbumin. Thus, the large decrease in the Michaelis constant for glucose in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin, which is observed for lactose synthesis by the galactosyltranferase, is primarily the result of the high degree of synergism in the binding of alpha-lactalbumin and glucose to enzyme-Mn2+ complexes. This synergism also accounts for the activation of N-acetyllactosamine synthesis by alpha-lactalbumin at low concentrations (less than 2 mM) of N-acetylglucosamine. An abortive enzyme-Mn2+-UDP-acceptor complex in the product release phase of the reaction appears to account for the inhibition of either lactose, or N-acetyllactosamine synthesis at a high concentration of either N-acetylglucosamine or glucose. This abortive complex is further stabilized by alpha-lactalbumin, thus the resulting substrate inhibition is observed at much lower acceptor concentrations in the presence of alpha lactalbumin. PMID- 818087 TI - Materials for selective tissue heating in a radiofrequency electromagnetic field for the combined chemothermal treatment of brain tumors. AB - A technique of creating localized heating by implanting metallic materials in the brain and inserting the head into a radiofrequency electromagnetic field is described. The heating properties of various materials for implantation were studied, and the two best materials were carbon steel rods and Hysterloy (1000 and 655 cal/g-min, respectively). Heating of these materials was done primarily by eddy current since their heating rates were significantly affected by their shapes and orientation in the field, rods oriented parallel to the field producing the most heat. There is evidence that warmer cells have a greater uptake of chemotherapeutic agents. This suggests a combined therapeutic approach employing localized brain heating in conjunction with systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy. In this way, large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs might be concentrated in a warmed brain tumor while toxicity is prevented by keeping the rest of the brain and body hypothermic. PMID- 818088 TI - Biochemical abnormalities in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis and chondrolysis. AB - A prospective clinical and laboratory study was performed in thirty-four patients (twenty-two blacks, ten Puerto Ricans, and two whites) who had slipped capital femoral epiphysis in fifty-two hips. Although the majority of the laboratory studies were normal, all patients showed significant elevations of the serum immunoglobulins and C3 component of complement, with the highest values recorded for IgA. Urinary glycosaminoglycans were elevated in the few patients studied and increased proportionally with the duration of the disease. Nine (25 per cent) of the thirty-four patients had chondrolysis in thirteen hips. The male:female ratio in these nine patients was 0.8:1, compared with the ratio of 1.4:1 in all thirty four patients. No additional biochemical abnormality was found in the patients with chondrolysis except for a greater elevation of the IgM fraction. These preliminary and tentative data suggest either that slipping of an epiphysis produces an antigen which induces an autoimmune state or that slipping is a localized manifestation of a generalized process resembling some form of connective-tissue disorder or inflammatory state. There is presumably a genetically determined sub-group of patients with this disorder who may have chondrolysis. PMID- 818089 TI - Ulnar dysmelia. AB - Eleven patients with hypoplasia and partial or complete aplasia of the ulna (examples of a complex spectrum of postaxial forearm and hand abnormalities) were reviewed. Three types of ulnar deformity were observed: (1) hypoplasia, (2) partial aplasia (ossification of the proximal part of the ulna present at birth); and (3) total aplasia (ossification not development). The roentgenographically "absent" segment of the ulna may be a large fibrocartilaginous anlage attached distally to the distal radial epiphysis or the ulnar side of the carpus, or both. The tethering effect of this band may cause ulnar deviation of the wrist (and hand) and dislocation of th badial head in utero as well as progression of these deformities after birth. Resection of the distal end of the fibrocartilaginous anlage during the first to second year of life is recommended, since the results of this procedure suggest that it reduces the angular growth deformities. It is also suggested that if the one-bone-forearm operation is indicated, it should be deferred until a later age, since complications may be less likely to occur then than at the time that the anlage is resected. PMID- 818090 TI - Myositis ossificans progressiva. Clinical features of eight patients and their response to treatment. AB - The clinical features of eight patients with myositis ossificans progressiva are described and the effects of treatment with the diphosphonate EHDP, together with surgical removal of ectopic bone, are assessed. Early correct diagnosis remains unusual, mainly because the significance of the short great toes is unrecognised, and because myositis may be mistaken for bruising, sarcoma or mumps. The diphosphonate disodium etidronate (EDHP) was given to all patients in an attempt to suppress calcification of new lesions; in five of them ectopic bone was removed during the treatment. EHDP sometimes delayed the mineralisation of newly formed bone matrix after surgical removal but this delay could not be predicted. The variable effect of EHDP may depend particularly on the amount absorbed and on the activity of new bone formation. PMID- 818091 TI - Changes in the structure of neuromuscular junctions caused by variations in osmotic pressure. AB - Neuromuscular junctions of the frog, Rana pipiens, were examined for structural modifications produced by exposure to increased and reduced osmotic pressure (pi). Preparations exposed to increased pi for varying lengths of time were fixed with either OSO4-Veronal with and without calcium, glutaraldehyde-phosphate, or glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde-phosphate as primary fixatives. The greatest difference between the fixatives was seen in preparations exposed to increased pi for 5 min, corresponding to the time when miniature endplate potential frequency is highest. The 5-min OSO4 calcium-free preparations appeared comparatively normal, while those fixed with OSO4 and 2 mM CaCl2 or aldehyde-phosphate had wide infoldings of the presynaptic membrane and a reduced number of synaptic vesicles. Aldehyde-phosphate had the same effect on mouse diaphragm. Another series of frog preparations were conditioned to elevated pi and then returned to normal Ringer's for varying times before fixation in OSO4-phosphate. Preparations fixed 2 min after their return to normal Ringer's showed marked disruption of the presynaptic membrane as well as apparently rupturing vesicles. If fixed after 10 min, terminals were depleted of vesicles although the presynaptic membrane had returned to its normal position and appearance. PMID- 818093 TI - Mating-reactive membrane vesicles from cilia of Paramecium caudatum. AB - Membrane vesicles with a high mating reactivity were obtained from cilia of Paramecium caudatum by treatment with a solution containing 2 M urea and 0.1 mM Na2-EDTA. All processes of conjugation were induced in cells of the complementary mating type by approximately 10 mug/ml proteins of the vesicles. Electron microscope observation showed that the membrane vesicles have a diameter of 100 150 nm. Electrophoretic analysis on SDS polyacrylamide gel revealed no significant difference in polypeptide patterns of the particles from the two complementary mating types. PMID- 818092 TI - Immunological and structural evidence for patterned intussusceptive surface growth in a unicellular organism. A postulated role for submembranous proteins and microtubules. AB - The surface complex of Euglena has been examined intact and after isolation and purification by the use of mild sonication to disrupt cells. In intact cells the surface complex (pellicle complex) is oriented in a series of parallel ridges and grooves, and possesses among other components a characteristic group of four to seven microtubules. Isolated pellicles retain the ridge and groove pattern but no microtubules are present. Isolates yielded at least three major polypeptides on SDS acrylamide gels; one or more of the polypeptides are postulated to be identical with a submembrane layer present in both intact and isolated pellicles; one polypeptide appears to be in or on the surface membrane. Antibodies directed against the isolated pellicles were conjugated directly or indirectly to fluorescein, latex spheres, or ferritin. In appropriate experiments with these antibody conjugates, it has been found that antigenic sites are immobile and that new antigenic sites (daughter strips) are inserted between parental strips in replicating cells. These results together with direct observation of daughter strips by transmission electron microscopy suggest that surface growth in Euglena occurs by intussusception. Microtubules associated with the pellicle complex are postulated to play a role in the development of new daughter strips, and possibly also in cell movements. PMID- 818094 TI - Synthesis of immunoglobulin by substrate attached mouse myeloma cells. AB - Cultured mouse myeloma cells grow in suspension and synthesize and secrete large amounts of immunoglobulin. Mouse myeloma cells which attach to a plastic substratum have been obtained by mutagenesis and subsequent selection. Normal mouse myeloma cells will also attach to plastic tissue culture dishes pre-treated with poly-L-lysine. The attached cells synthesize and secrete the same large amounts of immunoglobulin as the suspended cells. PMID- 818095 TI - Cell surface control in Blepharisma intermedium (Protozoa Ciliata). Blocking of gamone II-induced homotypic interacting ligands. AB - PHA, Con-A, or anti-tubulin antibodies inhibit homotypic pair formation, in B, intermedium mating type-I cells in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of gamone II. The inhibition is dependent on the dose of gamone added; the structural conformation and the relative concentration of the inhibitor; and the time of addition of the inhibitor. The block can be selectively prevented by competitive inhibitors of each ligand. The receptors for the inhibitors are distinctive and there is no cross-reaction between the ligands. It is concluded that ligand binding and subsequent receptor-ligand aggregation must induce a change within the cell-surface membrane, which distorts the distribution and/or affects an optimal conformational aspect of a specific membrane-receptor system for the gamon, a prerequisite for cell pair formation. PMID- 818096 TI - Microtubules and associated microfilaments in the tentacles of the suctorian Heliophrya erhardi Matthes. AB - At the ultrastructural level length changes accompanying linear movements of resting (non-feeding) tentacles of the suctorian Heliophrya involve not only altered microtubule numbers, but also marked changes in the specific microtubule pattern of cross-sectioned tentacles. These changes in number and pattern indicate a sliding between axonemal microtubules. The visualization of microfilaments in the cytoplasm at the tentacle base and in the knob region could shed new light on the problem of whether microtubular sliding is an active or passive process. At the tentacle base, microfilaments are either arranged in a ring-shaped configuration around the axoneme, or they run parallel to the axonemal microtubules, whereas at the tentacle tip during the resting state, microfilaments are closely associated with the plasma membrane of the knob. They form a filamentous reticular layer, which is continuous at the anchorage site of axonemal microtubules with the dense epiplasmic layer of the tentacle shaft. Obiously, this filamentous layer is engaged in positioning the haptocysts at the plasma membrane and in holding the membrane itself under tension. The putative contractile nature of microfilaments and the epiplasmic layer is argued from ATP sensitive glycerol models of tentacles and from the results of halothane treatment of native tentacles. Halothane treatment of resting tentacles also gave indications of the presence of differentially stable intermicrotubule-bridges. The role of micro-filaments and halothane-resistant dynein-like inter-row bridges in tentacle movement is discussed. As soon as the plasma membrane of the knob is 'sealed' with the prey pellicle during feeding, the microtubules of the sleeve region slide into the knob where they bend back and outwards. The microtubules now appear decorated and sometimes cross-connected by microfilaments which adhere closely to the plasma membrane- now acting as a peritrophic membrane-lining the prey cytoplasm against the microtubules of the inner tube. These microfilaments which show a close association with the microtubules of the active knob area, are thought to be engaged in microtubular bending and stretching during feeding. They may also be involved in the transport of the peritrophic membrane in distal tentacle regions. Microinematographically recorded oscillations in tentacle diameter in these regions are in agreement with the electron-microscopic findings of various states of collapsed tentacle axonemes. These observations, as well as the occurrence of helically twisted tentacles during feeding, suggest microfilament mediated sequential back and forth movements of sleeve microtubules in the knob region which generate a proximally migrating helical wave. PMID- 818097 TI - Therapeutic chelating agents. PMID- 818098 TI - The nature of the cross-linking of proteins by glutaraldehyde. Part I. Interaction of glutaraldehyde with the amino-groups of 6-aminohexanoic acid and of alpha-N-acetyl-lysine. PMID- 818100 TI - [Affinity chromatography of vegetable carbonic anhydrase]. PMID- 818099 TI - Extractants for organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from water. AB - A reversed liquid-liquid partition system prepared from Chromosorb W, n-undecane and Carbowax 4000 monostearate was shown to be suitable for extracting organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from water (with the exception of Aroclor 1260). The performances of the partition system, Amberlite XAD-4, porous polyurethane foam and the solvent extraction technique when applied to the analysis of four environmental water samples were comparable (except for Aroclor 1260). PMID- 818102 TI - The TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in young adult men: intra individual variation and relation to basal serum TSH and thyroid hormones. AB - The response of serum TSH to duplicate tests with each of two doses of TRH (30 mug and 500 mug) was studied in 22 normal young adult men. The mean intra individual variability of the response assessed by duplicate testing (coefficient of variation) was 17% but was as high as 63% in individual subjects. While the actual range of peak TSH values after 500 mug TRH was 2.7-19.5 muU/ml, those subjects (3 of 22) with a peak TSH value between 2 and 5 muU/ml on one occasion were all greater than 5 muU/ml on another. Thus, despite the intra-individual variability, a peak TSH value after 500 mug TRH of less than 2 muU/ml indicates TSH deficiency and greater than 5 muU/ml indicates normal TSH reserve. A peak value of 2-5 muU/ml is an indication for retesting;; a peak TSH value greater than 5 muU/ml on retesting indicates normal TSH reserve. The use of the maximal increase in TSH above basal values (max deltaTSH) did not have a clear advantage over the use of the peak TSH value although a max deltaTSH greater than 4 muU/ml was equivalent to a peak value greater than 5 muU/ml. No information was lost by using only the TSH value at 30 min after TRH instead of multiple samples. In using these values differences in assay technique should be considered; for example, the use of human TSH standard MRC 68/38 instead of human TSH standard A (MRC 63/14) causes a fall of about 1/3 in measured serum values. The overall TSH response to 500 mug TRH was statistically greater than the response to 30 mug TRH (P less than 0.01); however, in 10 of 22 subjects the response to the two doses was about the same, suggesting that the dose response of TSH to TRH, between 30 mug and 500 mug TRH, is quite shallow. The TSH value 60 min after 500 mug TRH was within 2 muU/ml of the peak TSH value in 12 of 22 subjects on at least one occasion; this pattern of a delayed fall is a normal variant. The peak TSH response to TRH correlated well with the basal level of TSH (P less than 0.001) and thus can be considered a magnifier of the basal level of TSH in normal subjects. While the peak TSH value did not correlate with the basal level of T3, there was a moderate negative correlation of the peak TSH value with the basal level of T4 (P less than 0.02), suggesting that the concentration of serum T4 within the normal range is a determinant of TSH secretion. PMID- 818101 TI - Circadian responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. AB - Five healthy men 25-38 years old were subjected to simultaneous composite intravenous stimulation tests of insulin hypoglycemia (0.1 U/kg), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 100 mug), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, 50 mug) at weekly intervals to study the circadian responsiveness of the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 0000 hours. Blood sugar (BS), LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, TSH, prolactin, cortisol (C), growth hormone, and testosterone (T) levels were estimated before and after the administration of drugs. Comparisons were made between basal and delta values (difference between basal and peak or nadir levels) at different tests. Significant circadian variations in BS, GH, C, and, to a lesser extent PRL, responses were observed 0600 h basal and delta BS values were the lowest, delta BS was highest at 0000 h accompanied by maximal hypoglycemic symptoms; the delta values of both C and GH were significantly higher at 0600 h and 0000 h; highest mean delta PRL was observed at 0600; at 1800 h the basal plasma PRL level was maximum but the delta PRL was lowest. Plasma TSH, LH, and FSH responses did not show significant circadian variations. These results suggest that circadian variations are evident when stimuli act through central or hypothalamic mechanisms; however, direct stimulation of the adenohypophysis resulted in indentical responses at different periods tested. PMID- 818103 TI - TSH levels and TSH response to TRH as a guide to the replacement treatment of patients with thyroid carcinoma. AB - Forty-six patients whose thyroid glands had been ablated for thyroid carcinoma, maintained on replacement treatment with triiodothyronine (T3), have been followed by means of serial determinations of pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) levels and of the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), in order to verify the actual dose required to suppress TSH secretion. The treatment was begun with a dose of T3 roughly related to body weight (about 1 mug/kg/day). The daily dose was sequentially adjusted according to the measured TSH levels. The dose of T3 which reduced serum TSH within the normal limits varied from 40 to 120 mug daily. More precisely, it was as low as 40-50 mug daily in five patients and as high as 90-120 mug daily in three patients. The dose, which was given according to their body weights, varied from 0.75 to 1.12 mug/kg/day. TRH administration produced a marked increase of TSH levels in those patients whose TSH was elevated, and varying responses (from no response to a response three times the normal one) in those patients whose TSH was within the normal limits. In the latter group of patients, an increase of the T3 dosage inhibited the TSH response to TRH. These data suggest that, even though 1 mug/kg/day is an adequate T3 dose for the great majority of patients, the extent of TSH suppression is not surely predictable, but must be evaluated case by case by means of serial determinations of TSH levels and of the TSH response to TRH. PMID- 818104 TI - Lack of release of human chorionic gonadotropin by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - To assess the effect of TRH on the secretion of hCG, TRH in doses of 25 to 500 mug was administered to 10 pregnant women of 6 to 12 weeks or 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. There was no significant change in the serum hCG concentration during the ensuing 90 min. In women 6 to 12 weeks pregnant, doses of 25 mug, 100 mug, or 500 mug TRH elicted similar increments to serum TSH. Women 16 to 20 weeks pregnant had a slightly higher baseline TSH and a greater TSH response to TRH than the 6-12 week pregnant group. Although hCG may be an important thyroid stimulator in the first trimester of pregnancy, its secretion is not affected by TRH. PMID- 818106 TI - Adaptation of plastic surfaces for tissue culture by glow discharge. AB - Plastic petri dishes and microtitration plates were electrically charged by a glow discharge unit installed in a vacuum evaporator. Charged and uncharged plates, as well as plates commercially treated for tissue culture, were inoculated with Vero and BHK-21 cell lines; secondary cultures of monkey kidney, chicken lung, canine kidney, and embryonic bovine kidney; and primary chicken embryo fibroblasts and chicken lung cells. All cell cultures grew normally on petri plates charged with the covers open. Growth rate and cell density compared favorably with growth on the commercial tissue culture plates; cell growth was somewhat less dense, however, on plates charged with the covers closed. Charged plates could be sterilized by ultraviolet light and ethylene oxide with no adverse effects on cell growth. Cells inoculated onto plates charged up to 7 months before inoculation grew as well as on freshly charged plates. PMID- 818105 TI - Evaluation of cellular substrates for antinuclear antibody determinations. AB - The immunofluorescent technique was employed to evaluate the sensitivity of 10 human and animal cell monolayers and tissue sections as substrates for titering the antinuclear antibody content of serum samples. The highest mean ranks of sensitivity, the relative ability of each substrate to maintain its sensitivity rank when 21 selected positive sera were tested, were achieved by two fibroblast cell lines, baby hamster kidney (BHK 21/C13) and human lung (WI-38), respectively. The least sensitive substrates were commercial rat kidney and liver tissue sections. PMID- 818107 TI - A simple carbohydrate fermentation test for identification of the pathogenic Neisseria. AB - The carbohydrate fermentation test in cystine-Trypticase agar-tubed medium was compared with the Minitek system with carbohydrate-impregnated paper disks in Mueller-Hinton broth for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. There was 100% agreement between the methods for confirmation of N. meningitidis. The paper disk method confirmed 98% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates; the cystine-Trypticase agar method confirmed 96%. Reactions with the paper disk method could be read in 4 h. PMID- 818108 TI - Polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia. AB - Current clinical practice states that a urine culture yielding three or more isolates must be considered a contaminated specimen and discarded. The validity of this practice was tested by reviewing all patients at the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital with positive blood cultures for 1 year to determine how many were associated with polymicrobic bacteriuria (two or more urine isolates each present at greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). During 1973 there were 18 patients who had bacteremia associated with a urinary tract infection in which the same organism with the identical antibiogram was found in both the blood and the urine of these 18 patients with monomicrobic bacteremia 11(61%) had polymicrobic bacteriuria, with a mean of an additional 1.75 urinary pathogens present in significant quantities. In these patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria, an indwelling bladder catheter was present for a mean period of 4.4 months before the episode of bacteremia. Only 5 of the 11 patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria had temporally associated urinary tract manipulation. Monomicrobic bacteriuria occurred in seven patients (39%). The mean indwelling bladder catheter time was 0.9 days, and urinary tract manipulation near the time of bacteremia occurred in all seven patients. Prospectively, nine other patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria were recultured by one of us to be certain that appropriate collection and transportation methods were used; the presence of polymicrobic bacteriuria was repeatedly demonstrated in 7(78%). This study illustrates the clinical importance of polymicrobic bacteriuria. PMID- 818109 TI - Blood culture technique based on centrifugation: developmental phase. AB - A quantitative and flexible blood culture system based on centrifugation of lysed blood over a density layer is described. The effect of relative centrifugal force, centrifugation time, and two different density solutions on the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans was determined. To demonstrate the versatility of this technique, the reisolation of 23 representative microorganisms from inoculated normal human blood was determined at a fixed centrifugation speed and time. The potential merits of this technique are discussed and compared with those of conventional blood culture methods. PMID- 818111 TI - Apparent false positive histoplasmin latex agglutination tests in patients with tuberculosis. AB - Serum specimens from patients admitted to a respiratory disease hospital were examined by the histoplasmin latex agglutination, the complement fixation, and the agar gel immunodiffusion tests. Of 300 sera examined, 21 (7.0%) gave an apparent false positive reaction at a dilution of 1:16 or greater. Fourteen (66%) of the 21 patients studied has culturally proven tuberculosis. One patient each had a diagnosis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease with congestive heart failure, infection with atypical mycobacteria (Runyon group III), chronic pneumonitis secondary to gunshot wound, and pulmonary abscess of unknown etiology; two had bronchogenic carcinoma; and one serum specimen came from an apparently healthy employee. The results of the histoplasmin latex agglutination test should be interpreted with caution, particularly if only one serological determination has been made and the titer is low. PMID- 818112 TI - Use of phage F-phi WJ-1 of Mycobacterium fortuitum to discern more phage types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - A total of 125 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Southeastern area of the United States was subjected to phage typing. In addition to the five major mycobacteriophages, a new phage, F-phi WJ-1, was used in the study. The results obtained with the five major phages were: type A0, 35.2%; TYPE B, 29.6%, and type C, 4.0%. The remaining 21.2% of the strains phaged typed as subgroups A1 through A6. These percentages were similar to the typing results of earlier studies. The new phage, F-phi WJ-1, subdivided each of the phage types, with the exception of type C, into two subgroups. The possible role of host modification-restriction of the phages used in phage typing of strains of M. tuberculosis is discussed. PMID- 818110 TI - Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: determination by pyocin typing. AB - The epidemiology of hospital infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by pyocin typing. The typing method, which determined the pyocin activity of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa on 27 indicator strains, was 43.7% reproducible, but elimination of 9 indicator strains doubled the reproducibility and yielded more readable pyocin inhibition zones. Seventy-eight of 1,084 isolates (7.2%) were untypable. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa was isolated from 110 patients (5.4% of all admissions) in a 3-month period and typed with the revised method. Twenty pyocin types were identified, 10 of which were obtained from five or more patients. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 45 of 353 environmental samples, including water fountains, ice machines, bar soaps, and germicide solutions for toilet brushes. Twenty percent of the environmental samples were untypable but, among typable strains, the five most common environmental strains were the same as the strains most frequently isolated from patients. The organism was frequently isolated from noses (39%), throats (39%), and stools (29%) of patients with P. aeruginosa infections or colonizations in urine, sputum, surgical wounds, or skin lesions. Six of eight patients had P. aeruginosa in their tracheostomy wounds. Autoinfections by strains already acquired on carrier sites may be significant. PMID- 818113 TI - Effect of types of media on the production of acid from glucose by so-called glucose-negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Typical gonococci metabolize glucose; however, occasional strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae fail to metabolize glucose when tested on cystine Trypticase agar (CTA) medium, a fact that leads to delay in identification. Certain strains of so called glucose-negative N. gonorrhoeae do indeed metabolize glucose, depending on the medium used in testing for metabolism of the carbohydrate. Six strains were tested that failed to oxidize glucose with the production of acid when tested on standard CTA medium, yet all produced acid from glucose when supplemented GC medium with a phenol red indicator was utilized. An attempt was made to single out the compound present in CTA that leads to inhibition of metabolism and, occasionally, growth as well. We found that certain ratios of the cystine and Na2SO3 concentrations are inhibitory, including that ratio of the two compounds present in CTA medium; however, L-cysteine, when included in similar concentrations, did not inhibit the metabolic reaction. PMID- 818115 TI - Absence of mitotic reduction in regenerating rat livers exposed to ultrasound. AB - The frequency of mitotic cells in surgically stimulated rat livers in vivo was not affected by one- and five-minute exposures to 2.2 MHz ultrasound at intensities ranging from 60 to 16,000 mW/cm2. These results do not confirm Kremkau and Witcofski's report on mitotic reduction in rat liver similarly exposed to ultrasound. PMID- 818114 TI - Use of gum tragacanth overlay, applied at room temperature, in the plaque assay of fish and other animal viruses. AB - Fish cells derived from rainbow trout gonad or Atlantic salmon are sometimes damaged by the relatively high temperature of agar overlay widely used for plaquing animal viruses. This heat-induced cell damage can be avoided by the use of gum tragacanth, which may be applied at room temperature. When the medium was buffered with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride and NaHCO3, the plaque assay could be performed without the use of a CO2 incubator. Using this method, a number of animal viruses were plaqued on a variety of cell monolayers at different temperatures under atmospheric ocnditions. PMID- 818116 TI - Digital computer analysis of M-scan echocardiograms. AB - In the past few years, echocardiography has emerged as a useful noninvasive clinical tool in cardiac diagnosis. Conventional methods for analyzing echocardiographic data involve time consuming and tedious manual techniques for measuring various distances and computing cardiac parameters of interest. This paper describes a useful method for automating the analysis of M scan echocardiograms both for routine clinical work as well as for special research oriented ultrasonic cardiac studies. Using a GRAF/PEN digitizer interfaced to a PDP-11 minicomputer system, relevant points of the ventricular and mitral valve interfaces, R-R intervals, and time and distance calibration points are entered from hard copies of M scan echocardiograms. The computer then determines all the parameters of interest such as left ventricular (LV) diameters, LV volumes, LV mass, ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output, septal and posterior wall dynamics, as well as such mitral valve (MV) parameters as opening/closing velocities, excursions, and areas subtended by both MV leaflets. The data and results are stored on disc or tape and a report of the results is immediately available from a printer for incorporation into the patient's record file. PMID- 818117 TI - Echographic patterns of malignant lymphoma. AB - Contact B mode ultrasound was used to evaluate 53 patients with malignant lymphoma stages III and IV. The echographic characteristics of retroperitoneal involvement by these lesions were evaluated to establish diagnostic criteria. This method can be used also to evaluate regression of retroperitoneal tumor involvement of paravertebral or para-aortic lymph nodes during anticancer chemotherapy. PMID- 818118 TI - Screening for intrauterine growth retardation using the ultrasound biparietal diameter. AB - Fifteen hundred patients were scanned to predict fetal age and weight by biparietal diameter measurement. three hundred eleven patients had more than one scan. Forty-three small for gestational age (SGA) babies were ultimately delivered in this population. Prenatal ultrasound screening criteria for grouping into appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) categories were: a) only an absolute biparietal diameter below the third percentile for the reference Rochester region population; b) only delta BPD calculated as less than 50 percent of the mean growth rate for the reference population; and c) a combination of these two factors. Intrauterine growth retardation was most accurately determined when an absolutely small biparietal diameter was found (at the time of the last ultrasound examination) in a woman with accurate gestational age assessment. Least accurate was the prediction based on one biparietal diameter measurement in a woman with poor clinical dates. A 50 percent false positive detection rate and poor sensitivity to intrauterine growth retardation were found using ultrasound biparietal diameter measurements as a screening test in this manner. PMID- 818120 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of pelvic inflammatory masses. AB - Twenty patients with pelvic abscesses diagnosed either at surgery or from typical clinical findings underwent sonography. Seventeen of the twenty patients had inflammatory processes of gynecological origin. In the main, two patterns were observed. The more common pattern was a small, round adnexal or cul de sac mass with a slightly irregular border. The other pattern consisted of large, rough bordered, multilocular masses that obscured the uterus. In single cases confusion had occurred between pelvic abscesses, fibroids, and chronic ruptured tubal pregnancy. The role of ultrasound in the management of patients with tubo-ovarian abscesses is discussed. PMID- 818119 TI - Recognition of the hydropic fetus by gray scale ultrasound. AB - The use of gray scale B mode provides more effective visualization for sonographic evaluation of fetal ascities. Two cases of severely Rh isoimmunized fetuses with hydrops and one fetus with hydrops secondary to chylous ascites are presented to show the ultrasonic features of diagnosis of fetal edema and ascities. Thus, ultrasonic evaluation in known cases of Rh isoimmunization or diabetes provides additional information on the status of the fetus in utero and rapid recognition of fetal hydrops. This additional information aids in the management of the pregnancy and in the determination of the time of delivery. PMID- 818122 TI - Ultrasound findings in segmental uterine distension. PMID- 818121 TI - Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in a three week old infant. PMID- 818123 TI - Parachute mitral valve: echocardiographic findings resembling idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. AB - The echocardiographic features recorded in a patient with a congenital anomaly, single papillary muscle (parachute mitral valve), were identical with those seen in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, mitral valve systolic anterior movement, aortic valve vibration, and midsystolic reclosure were all demonstrated. This congenital anomaly, should, therefore, be considered in any young patient before making the diagnosis of IHSS from the echocardiogram. PMID- 818124 TI - Ultrasonographic demonstration of patency of subarachnoid-orbital shunt. AB - Contact B scan photographs of a patent surgically created subarachnoid-orbital shunt are presented. Clinical evidence of cessation of shunt function corresponded with disappearance of demonstrable fluid drainage by ultrasonography. PMID- 818125 TI - Modification of the examining table to improve scanning. PMID- 818126 TI - Ultrasonic scanning of the pancreas. AB - The use of ultrasonic scanning in diagnosis of pancreatic disease is reviewed. A procedure for the examination of the pancreas with a compound scanning technique and the ultrasonic appearance of the normal and diseased pancreas is described. Diffuse or localized enlargement can be demonstrated and the latter be differentiated as to whether it is solid or cystic lesion. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of solid lesions and percutaneous puncture of cysts can be performed with great accuracy under the guidance of ultrasound. Differential diagnosis and liminations in pancreatic scanning are discussed. PMID- 818127 TI - Recruitment and plasmapheresis of donors to provide human antitetanus immunoglobulin. AB - A method is described whereby about 100 litres of plasma containing 10-50 IU/ml tetanus antitixin was obtained, from which were prepared 5000 X 250 IU doses of human antitetanus immunoglobulin. Of 40 blood donors who received a booster injection of tetanus vaccine BP, 33 were plasmapheresed each week over a 10-12 week period starting three weeks after the injection. Twenty-two of these donors provided 90% of the total plasma, the antitoxin content of which averaged 23.6 IU/ml over the 10-12 week period. PMID- 818129 TI - An evaluation of the Lancer Coagulyzer in the measurement of the one-stage prothrombin time. AB - An evaluation of a photoelectric clot timer, the Lancer Coagulyzer, in measuring the one-stage prothrombin time has been carried out. The machine is considered to provide reliable results on correctly taken samples without interference by plasma bilirubin, only rarely failing to detect clotting in turbid plasma using a wide range of thromboplastins. The apparatus is useful where there is a sufficient number of samples to be tested. PMID- 818128 TI - Monoclonal gammopathy (Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia) producing specific red cell antibody. AB - Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia have been seen at University College Hospital, Ibadan in the last four years, Case 1 was a 30-year-old soldier who presented with splenomegaly and anaemia, was treated with chlorambucil, and had a complete remission sustained for over two years. Case 2 was a 58-year-old retired civil servant who presented with very severe anaemia and also splenomegaly, and died within three weeks of admission. Both patients had most of the typical features of Waldenstrom's disease, including retinal changes and serum IgM levels of 4200 and 5500 mg/dl respectively. In both cases an atypical cold antibody was detected in the course of blood cross-matching procedures. In case 1, the antibody agglutinated all adult and cord red cells tested, including the patient's own cells, to a titre of 8000 and above at 4 degrees C. Suprisingly enough, when the patient went into remission and the serum IgM level had fallen to 400 mg/dl, this antibody was no longer detectable and has not reappeared two years later. In case 2, the antibody agglutinated all adult red cells tested to a titre of 2000 at 20 degrees C but not the patient's own red cells. Since cord cells were agglutinated only to a titre of 4 to 20 degrees C it was concluded that the patient had an alloantibody with I-specificity. Therefore in both these patients the monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by the neoplastic lymphoid cell clone had specific activity against red cell antigens. PMID- 818130 TI - Lymphoid tissue and lymphoid-glandular complexes of the colon: relation to diverticulosis. AB - The lymphoid tissue of the normal colon is compared with that of colons with diverticular disease. Colons with diverticular disease show a significant increase in the number of lymphoid nodules in areas not containing diverticula. Lymphoid-glandular complexes of the colon were studied in relation to diverticular disease. It is suggested that the lymphoid nodules and the lymphoid glandular complexes of the colon constitute weak points in the bowel wall and may play a part in the pathogenesis of diverticula. PMID- 818131 TI - Postnatal maturation of subcortical projections from the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. AB - Orbital and dorsolateral prefrontal lesions were performed on a series of rhesus monkeys at 2, 6, or 24 months of age. The consequent degeneration in the efferent pathways from these cortical regions to the caudate nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and adjacent structures was studied at 5- and 15-day survival times by a modification of the Nauta-Gygax method for tracing degenerating fibers. Following dorsolateral lesions, considerable numbers of black-impregnated degenerating fibers were found in the parvocellular division of the dorsomedial nucleus and in the fiber bundles of the internal capsule and the subcallosal fasciculus at all ages. PMID- 818132 TI - Differentiation of Purkinje cells and their relationship to other components of developing cerebellar cortex in man. AB - The differentiation of Purkinje cells and their relationship to other components of the developing cerebellar cortex were analyzed by the Golgi impregnation method and by electron microscopy in human specimens of various pre- and postnatal ages. The three stages of Purkinje cell maturation that have been previously recognized in other species are also evident in man: the first stage occupies primarily the fourth fetal month (12-16 weeks); the second stage lasts through the fifth, sixth and seventh feta months (16-28 weeks); the third stage extends throughout the remaining period of intrauterine life and the first postnatal year and continues at a slow rate thereafter. During the first stage, Purkinje cells are distributed in a layer, several rows deep. Their bipolar somas are relatively smooth and have only a few processes at the apical and basal cell poles. In the 3-month period of the second stage, Purkinje cells become gradually organized into a single row. Their somas become invested with additional randomly oriented dendritic processes and numerous somatic spines (pseudopodia). The first morphologically well-defined synapses appear on the Purkinje cell somatic spines and on their immature dendritic shafts at the beginning of the second stage and become more prominent during the period from 18 to 24 weeks. In the third stage, the dendritic arbor becomes flattened in the plane transverse to the folium and somatic spines disappear. Spines appear on the secondary and tertiary dendrites between the twenty-fourth and twenty-eighth fetal weeks and continue to increase in number during the entire third stage as new dendritic branches develop. These observations indicate that cellular maturation and synaptogenesis in the primate cerebellum differ from these events in non-primate species, with respect to time of birth, in the relative duration of each phase and in the total time necessary for neuronal differentiation. The protracted time of differentiation and the slow growth of Purkinje cell dendrites in man may be due to the numerically complex relationships existing between granule and Purkinje cells. It is probably not simply a reflection of the larger size of human Purkinje cells and their dendrites. PMID- 818133 TI - A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the mouse hypothalamus. AB - A description of the organization, areas, and cell groups within the hypothalamus of the mouse is presented in detail. Photomicrographs of cell-stained serial sections through the hypothalamus in frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes are included. The hypothalamus has been divided basically into medial and lateral parts with most well-defined cell groups or nuclei lying within the medial subdivision and surrounded by diffuse collections of cells referred to as areas. The heterogenetiy of cell types within most hypothalamic nuclei and areas has been emphasized with the consequent implications for heterogeneity of neuronal connections and of functions. Recently introduced neuroanatomical techniques permitting increased attention to the cellular level of organization have demonstrated precise connections and functional localization of cells within the hypothalamus. While cytoarchitectonic distinctions imply functional distinctions, morphological and experimental evidence suggest the existence also of systems of cells which transcend conventional cytoarchitectonic boundaries, the cells within each system being interconnected functionally or neuronally. PMID- 818134 TI - Midbrain, diencephalic and cortical relationships of the basal nucleus of Meynert and associated structures in primates. AB - The structure and connectivity of the basal nucleus of Meynert, the substantia innominata in which it lies, and certain related areas have been examined in New World and Old World Monkeys, using retrograde and anterograde axonal transport methods. Experiments using the retrograde, horseradish peroxidase method confirm the observations of Kievet and Kuypers ('75) that the basal nucleus and substantia innominata project directly, heavily and with a somewhat crude topography upon the neocortex. Experiments involving the anterograde, autoradiographic method show that the basal nucleus and substantia innominata form part of a complex pathway that links them together with the lateral hypothalamus, certain parts of the amygdala and the peripeduncular nucleus of the midbrain. The peripeduncular nucleus is often regarded as a part of the central auditory pathway; it gives rise to a fiber bundle of considerable size that ascends on the dorsal surface of the ipsilateral optic tract and terminates ultimately in the lateral hypothalamic area of both sides. As well as distributing fibers to the basal nucleus, substantia innominata and lateral hypothalamus, this pathway provides a heavy projection to a cytoarchitectonically distinct posterior part of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, the medial and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala and a less dense projection to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Certain parts of the hypothalamus and possibly the preoptic areas give rise to a complementary descending pathway that distributes fibers to the ipsilateral basal nucleus, substantia innominata and amygdala, and ends in the peripeduncular nuclei of both sides. Decussating fibers in both the ascending and descending pathways cross in the ventral supraoptic commissure. It is concluded that the basal nucleus should include most of the aggregated and unaggregated large cells that lie in the substantia innominata and which in places intrude upon the preoptic regions and the nucleus of the diagnonal band of Broca. Together, these may form a complex that receives inputs from a variety of brainstem sources, and projects widely and diffusely upon all cortical structures of the telencephalon. PMID- 818135 TI - Forelimb performance by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) before and after dorsal column lesions. AB - Old World monkeys with dorsal column lesions have exhibited slow, inept reaching movements in extrapersonal space under neurological examination. The purpose of the present study was to obtain quantified observations of such performance in similarly prepared squirrel monkeys. Squirrel monkeys with high cervical lesions of the dorsal columns were tested preoperatively and postoperatively. They were compared with sham-operated controls on three tests requiring fast reaching for stationary bait and on one test requiring catching of a falling bait. The experimental animals were impaired relative to the controls postoperatively only on bait catching. Possible reasons for the apparent discrepancy between the forelimb performance of New World monkeys and Old World monkeys are discussed. PMID- 818136 TI - Holocatalytic state of adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocyte membranes: formation with guanylylimidodiphosphate plus isoproterenol without effect on affinity of beta-receptor. AB - Turkey erythrocyte membranes contain beta-adrenergic-coupled adenylate cyclase systems that are modulated by guanine nucleotides. Incubation of membranes with Gpp (NH) p plus isoproterenol led to a persistently activated state ("holocatalytic state") of adenylate cyclase independent of agonist. Formation of this holocatalytic state was inhibited by conditions (4 degrees) or by compounds (e.g., GTP EDTA) that prevented Gpp (NH) p binding or that prevented binding of isoproterenol (e.g., propranolol). None of these agents, however, reduced activity of this activated state once it had been formed. The holocatalytic state, even though resistant to inhibition by propranolol, showed no change in receptor affinity or number of sites as determined by binding of 125I-HYP, a high affinity beta-adrenergic antagonist. Formation of the holocatalytic state, therefore, involves a modification of the adenylate cyclase system distal to the hormone receptor complex. PMID- 818138 TI - Action of lactose and calcium on caries development in rats. PMID- 818137 TI - Bovine pancreatic lipase. II. Stability and effect of activators and inhibitors. AB - Purified bovine pancreatic lipase was highly unstable at and above refrigeration temperature. However, it could be stored frozen without loss of activity. Milk solids had some protective effect upon the enzyme against gamma-irradiation. Low concentrations of sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts stimulated lipolytic activity. However, heavy metal salts, such as ferric, cupric, and mercuric chlorides, were highly inhibitory. The bovine pancreatic lipase appeared to contain sulfhydryl groups which may be essential for the lipolytic activity since p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, sodium arsenite, and iodoacetate inhibited the enzyme. A comparison of bovine pancreatic lipase and milk lipase revealed that the two enzymes were similar in thermal stability and effect of some of the activators and inhibitors on lipolytic activity. PMID- 818139 TI - Formation of volatile carbonyl compounds and cooxidation of beta-carotene by lipoxygenase from wheat, potato, flax, and beans. PMID- 818140 TI - Isolation and biological activity of the pigments of the mold Epicoccum nigrum. PMID- 818141 TI - Screening of pesticides for mutagenic potential using Salmonella typhimurium mutants. PMID- 818142 TI - Hexachlorobenzene contamination in laboratory monkey chow. PMID- 818143 TI - Degradation of 4-aminopyridine in soil. PMID- 818144 TI - Anti-tumorigenic effect of maleic hydrazide on mouse skin. PMID- 818145 TI - Aflatoxin M1. Occurrence in stored and freshly harvested corn. PMID- 818146 TI - Friendship Manor: a community geriatrics model. AB - Models for the delivery of medical services are attracting much attention lately. It appears that geriatrics will become more important in the future. These facts have led to a narrative about the development of a system of medical care for a retirement community in Roanoke, Virginia. PMID- 818148 TI - Evaluation of coronary atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates by atrial pacing. PMID- 818147 TI - Lactic acidosis: report of case and review of literature. PMID- 818149 TI - Studies on the adsorption of selected polychlorinated biphenyl isomers of several surfaces. AB - The adsorption-desorption characteristics of three selected PCB isomers on a soil and some of its constituents have been determined. The extent of adsorption for all surfaces follows the sequence hexachloro greater than tetrachloro greater dichloro for the isomers chosen. For an individual isomer, the adsorption rates increase in the following sequence: Del Monte, sand, illite clay, Woodburn soil, and humic acid. These results are discussed relative to environmental transport of the chemicals. PMID- 818150 TI - The nursing process and long-term care. PMID- 818151 TI - Inheritance of two new eye mutants in a mosquito. Brown and abnormal eye in Culex tritaeniorhynchus. AB - The genetic analysis of two new mutants, brown and abnormal eye, is presented. The data indicate that both mutants are recessive and under the control of loci in linkage group III. The gene sequence for linkage group III is cl-Adh-s-bw-ae. The total length of linkage group III is now approximately 48 map units. Mosquitoes homozygous for both brown and rose, another eye-color mutant in linkage group I, exhibit a third new phenotype, yellow-orange eye. PMID- 818310 TI - Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase observations of anti-lactic dehydrogenase 1 antibody. AB - For immunoelectron-microscopic demonstration of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), anti subunit-B antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with purified pig LDH 1 (B4) isoenzyme. Immunoglobin fragment Fab' was obtained from anti-LDH serum immunoglobulin G and conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Subunit-B-containing LDH was present diffusely in the sarcoplasm of the pig heart muscle. There was concentration of LDH in the 1-band. LDH reaction was also present in the mitochondrial intermembranous space. The present immunoelectron-microscopic examination is in general agreement with the previous cytochemical demonstration of LDH using thiocarbamylnitro blue tetrazolium. PMID- 818311 TI - Mechanisms of resistance against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: the importance of antibodies and antibody-forming capacity in the Biozzi high and low responder mice. AB - The role of antibodies and the host's antibody-forming capacity in resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection has been investigated in the Biozzi high and low responder lines of mice. Ab/L animals with low antibody-forming capacity were found to be more susceptible to i.p. infection with trypomastigotes than high responders (Ab/H), whereas non-selected Swiss albino mice showed an intermediate level of susceptibility. The correlation between antibody-forming potentiality and susceptibility was consistently observed with both the Y and Tulahuen strains of the parasite, which differ in their preferential tissue tropism as well as virulence. A similar divergence in susceptibility was observed after subcutaneous infection with the Y strain which produced a more fulminating disease. Although Ab/L mice neither produced a significant antibody response to the parasite nor responded to prophylactic immunization with killed T. cruzi epimastigotes, they could be effectively protected by passive transfer of immune plasma. PMID- 818312 TI - Biologic activities of rabbit immunoglobulin G in relation to domains of the Fc region. AB - Biologic properties of antibodies are known to be mediated by the Fc portion of the H chains. In the present study such properties as complement fixation, cutaneous anaphylaxis, and macrophage cytophilia were examined in relation to the CH2 and CH3 domains of rabbit IgG. Fragments containing but one of these domains were prepared from plasmin and papain digests. Facb fragments of anti-DNP antibodies, together with the antigen DNP-BSA, were able to fix complement by the classical pathway, a result which implicates the CH2 domain; however, guinea pig Fab fragments directed to regions of the rabbit antibody molecule other than CH2 were able to inhibit complement fixation. Facb fragments were unable to mediate PCA or reverse PCA reactions in guinea pigs, nor were CH3 fragments active in tests of reverse PCA or inhibition of PCA. These results suggest that the entire Fc region is needed for cutaneous anaphylaxis. The ability to bind to guinea pig lung macrophages was studied with a rosette technique. Facb fragments were active whereas CH3 fragments failed to inhibit. It is suggested that although some effector functions of antibodies can be assigned to individual domains, others require the entire Fc region. PMID- 818313 TI - Blocking of certain antigenic sites in the F(ab) region by combination of univalent fragments of Rh antibodies with red cell antigens. AB - Evidence was obtained in the present study substantiating the fact that divalent Rh antibodies are bound to antigenic sites on the red cells through only one of the two combining sites. Univalent F(ab) fragments bound to the red cell lacked such free-combining sites and showed a blockage of various idiotypic-like antigens which were readily detected when divalent antibodies or divalent fragments were used. The univalent fragments contained the antigens because they completely inhibited the divalent system. These antigens were detected with idiotypic antisera made to a variety of monoclonal Ig through the use of certain very heterogeneous anti-Rh sera. As is the case with many other idiotypic systems, combination with antigen which blocked the antibody-combining site eliminated the reactivity. Advantage was taken of these differences between divalent and univalent antibodies to determine antigens in the F(ab) portion of Rh antibodies which are or are not blocked by such combination with the red cell. A variety of subclass and genetic markers found in the constant regions of the F(ab) units were not affected. However, in addition to the idiotype-related antigens a series of V region markers, particularly those determining various V region subgroups, were not detected after combination. PMID- 818314 TI - Idiotypic specificities of anti-Rh antibodies. AB - Idiotypic antibodies were produced in rabbits to Rh antibodies isolated from the serum of an individual with high Rh antibody titer. These antisera after absorption with blood IgG failed to react with immunoglobulins lacking anti-Rh activity. They agglutinated cells coated with the immunizing antibody to high titers. Two other anti-Rh coats out of 22 tested also were agglutinated but to considerably reduced titers indicating a degree of anti-Rh cross specificity. Four other antisera made to red cells coated with different anti-Rh antibodies showed definite but weaker idiotypic specificity. Both the idiotypic and cross idiotypic antigens of the Rh antibodies were completely blocked when univalent fragments of the Rh antibodies were bound to antigen on the red cell. PMID- 818316 TI - Influence of colony type on susceptibility of gonococci to killing by human serum. AB - The virulence of gonococci is related to colony morphology and has been attributed to pili found only on the virulent types. Because complement-mediated serum killing is a major defense against other Gram-negative bacteria, we tested the resistance to normal human serum of virulent and avirulent types from two strains. Virulent types were more resistant than avirulent types. This stable, relative serum resistance of virulent colony types persisted during prolonged passage on agar. In addition, virulent types acquired complete resistance after exposure to serum which was rapidly lost during passage on agar. This acquired, complete resistance helps explain the observation that freshly isolated gonococci are resistant to their host's serum, but lose this resistance when passed on agar. The capacity to become resistant to the serum of newly infected patients may contribute to virulence of T1 and T2 gonococci. PMID- 818315 TI - Identification of heavy chain tyrosine 33 in the binding site of myeloma protein McPC 603 by paired label iodination. AB - The phosphorylcholine binding mouse myeloma protein McPC 603 has been shown to have tyrosyl residues in its binding sites by the fact that iodination of the protein causes extensive loss of binding activity which can be substantially retained when the protein is iodinated with sites occupied by ligand. Paired label iodination of McPC 603 protein allowed identification of the tyrosine involved and showed the tyrosine to be in the heavy chain. Gel filtration of heavy chain peptides enabled the tyrosyl-containing peptide of interest to be identified as the N-terminal 33 residue peptide in which the only tyrosine is Tyr 33. Thus H chain Tyr 33 was shown to be a contact amino acid residue in the site of McPC 603 protein. These results provide chemical evidence confirming previously reported x-ray crystallographic identification of H chain Tyr 33 in the site of McPC 603 protein. PMID- 818317 TI - Transfer of hypogammaglobulinemia in two inbred chicken strains by spleen cells from bursectomized donors. AB - Transfer of lymphoid cells from agammaglobulinemic donor chickens into 3- to 4 week-old irradiated recipients that had been surgically bursectomized at 2 to 3 weeks of age significantly depressed the ability of the antibody-forming apparatus to recover from irradiation. Antibody production to Brucella abortus and sheep erythrocytes remained much below control levels in BX donor-cell recipients of both chicken strains studied (SC and FP). Progressive loss of serum IgM and IgG was observed primarily in the FP strain resulting in complete agammaglobulinemia within 4 to 6 weeks after transfer of BX donor spleen cells. Serial transfer of this phenomenon was demonstrated in the SC strain. PMID- 818318 TI - Preparation of antisera to the mu chain of IgM. AB - The protein fraction in the first peak obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of normal bovine serum was reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol, alkylated with iodoactamide and recycled on a Sephadex G-200 column. The resultant chromatogram indicated the presence of two peaks the second of which was found to be pure monomeric IgM. Immunization of rabbits with the second peak protein resulted in the production of an antiserum with both heavy and light-chain activity. The light-chain activity was simply removed by absorption of the antiserum with glutaraldehyde-polymerized material obtained from the second peak of the initial Sephadex G-200 eluate, yielding an antiserum monospecific for the heavy chain of the IgM molecule. PMID- 818319 TI - The identification of fibrous proteins in fetal rat epidermis by electrophoretic and immunologic techniques. AB - Two proteins have been identified in extracts of fetal rat skin which are related to the two major fibrous proteins of newborn rat stratum corneum. The relative amount of these proteins increases daily from the 16th to the 20th day (d) of gestation when judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis using antibody to the purified fibrous protein. Two-dimensional analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrates that these two proteins are the only cross reactive species in the fetal skin from 16d to 19d development. Some additional lower-molecular-weight components can be detected at 20d and 21d. In double diffusion analysis, cross-reactive proteins in 19d fetal extracts show partial identity but have fewer antigenic sites than proteins in 20d extracts. The 20d protein shows a reaction of identity with purified newborn fibrous protein. Immunofluorescence studies on fetal skin support the prescence of cross-reacting components at 16d development related to the newborn fibrous protein. Intensity of fluorescence increases at 18d and 20d in the spinous and granular cell cytoplasm and in the keratohyaline granules. The stratum corneum, first seen at 20d, is intensely fluorescent. The cellular localization and time of appearance of the cross-reactive proteins suggest that they may be associated with tonofilaments. PMID- 818320 TI - Immunologic cross-reaction between human and mouse tyrosinases. AB - Human tyrosinase, partially purified from metastatic malignant melanoma, reacted with antiserum prepared against tyrosinase purified from Harding-Passey mouse melanoma melanosomes, although the human and mouse tyrosinases were not completely identical immunologically. The human tyrosinae showed only one band on disc electrophoresis which corresponded in mobility to T2 tyrosinase of mouse. PMID- 818322 TI - [Comparative biochemistry of dissimilatory nitrite reductases (author's transl)]. PMID- 818321 TI - Treatment and survival of breast cancer patients in Iowa-1969. PMID- 818324 TI - [Response of kinin-kallikrein system in septic shock]. PMID- 818323 TI - [Immobilization of some vitamin B6-dependent enzymes and vitamin B12-dependent diol dehydrase. Application to studies on their structure-function relationships (author's transl)]. PMID- 818325 TI - Immunoassay of human platelet factor 4(PF4, antiheparin factor) by radial immunodiffusion. AB - Human platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4 antigen) was measured in platelets and in plasma by means of single radial immunodiffusion. Anti-PF4 antibody obtained in rabbits by injecting highly purified human PF4 was monospecific in double immunodiffusion and in quantitative "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis. A high degree of correlation was observed between the precipitation zones in the radial immunodiffusion method and the amount of purified PF4 (in the range of 0.6 to 50.0 mug per milliliter) or the number of platelets in plasma (in the range of 5 x 10(6) to 1.6 x 10(8) platelets per milliliter applied. The sensitivity of the method was 30 to 125 times higher as compared with clotting assay (antiheparin activity) and the standard error of the method was 2.3 per cent. The method was specific for the antigen present in platelets since human leukocytes and erythrocytes gave negative results. Release of PF4 antigen from washed platelets challenged with thrombin, collagen, ADP, and antigen-antibody complexes was measured by the radial immunodiffusion assay. It usually paralleled the release of 3H-serotonin but PF4 antigen was a more sensitive marker for platelet release reaction. Release of PF4 antigen was usually 2 to 4 times higher than release of the antiheparin activity as measured by clotting assay when both were compared as percentage of total content in platelets. The level of PF4 antigen was determined in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-free plasma (PFP) obtained from 12 healthy volunteers. While the mean level of extraplatelet pool of PF4 antigen in PFP was 0.72 +/- 0.92 mug per milliliter, PRP contained 80 +/- 22 mug of PF4 antigen per 10(9) platelets. Addition of thrombin (1 U. per milliliter) liberated all of the PF4 antigen (78 +/- 24 mug) present in PRP but ADP (50 muM) released only 31 +/- 22 mug of PF4 antigen per 10(9) platelets. The presence of heparin did not interfere with the assay of intraplatelet or extraplatelet PF4 by single radial immunodiffusion. The method described represents a simple, sensitive, quantitative, and specific assay for human PF4 antigen possessing antiheparin activity. PMID- 818326 TI - The clinical value of the radioassay of serum folate. AB - Measurement of serum folate levels in humans using a radioassay has now been frequenly reported. However, very little data is available assessing the diagnostic value of this test in comparison with other laboratory and clinical information pertaining to folate status. A radioassay, using the folate binder in dried milk was used in parallel with the well established Lactobacillus casei microbiological assay. Three slightly different modifications of the radioassay were tested. At first, a partially purified milk binder was used, in the second the unpurified milk and, third, the unpurified milk with variation of the incubation periods during the assay, were utilized. A total of 159 sera were tested by one of the modifications of the radioassay as well as by the L. casei method. Duplicate estimations were done in all cases. Using the first method, the correlation between the radio- and microbiological assays was 0.89, with the second 0.52, and with the third 0.85. The final assay system gave the most reliable results when compared to the L. casei assay which was taken as the standard of reference. However, in a number of cases, normal levels by L. casei gave low levels by radioassay and vice versa. In 13 such instances, clinical and other laboratory data were assessed and it was concluded that the microbiological assay gave the more accurate indication of folate stores in humans. Some reasons for the discrepancies between the assay systems were discussed. PMID- 818327 TI - Pseudomonas endocarditis in a heroin addict. PMID- 818328 TI - Editorial: The future of long term care. PMID- 818329 TI - Guest editorial: Long-term care's finest hour. PMID- 818330 TI - Long-term care program management - an intersystem approach. PMID- 818331 TI - Long-term care facility improvement - a nationwide research effort. PMID- 818332 TI - A solvent system for delipidation of plasma or serum without protein precipitation. AB - A technique has been developed which attains in 30 minutes complete removal of triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipid, and unesterified fatty acids from plasma without protein denaturation. Plasma is agitated at room temperature with a mixture of butanol and di-isopropyl either in a 40:60 (v/v) ratio. The plasma proteins, including the apolipoproteins, remain in solution in the aqueous phase, while the organic phase contains the dissolved lipids. The phases can easily be separated by low speed centrifugation. Different lipids are simultaneously extracted, but the rate of extraction is most rapid for unesterified fatty acids, followed by triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid at, respectively, decreasing rates. Selective extraction of unesterified fatty acids, triglyceride and total cholesterol can be achieved by di-isopropyl ether alone. Ionic strength and pH are not altered by these procedures. PMID- 818333 TI - Long-distance cytotoxicity of parachlorophenol and formalin in vitro. PMID- 818334 TI - Nonspecific complement activation by streptococcal structures. I. Re-evaluation of HLA cytotoxicity inhibition. AB - A number of experiments have suggested that there is an antigenic relationship between the HLA complex and streptococcal bacterial structures. Using inhibition of cytotoxicity of HLA antisera as our assay system, it was demonstrated that the inhibitory effect on HLA cytotoxicity by streptococcal antigens is, in reality, due to activation and consumption of components of the alternate complement pathway. In addition, antisera prepared against streptococcal membrane antigens had no cytotoxic effect on a large panel of human lymphocytes, nor did these antisera exhibit immunofluorescent staining of lymphocytes directly. These experiments are compatible with our concept that the HLA complex may have evolved through selective evolutionary pressure as a means of escaping bacterial mimicry. PMID- 818335 TI - Nonspecific complement activation by streptococcal structures. II. Properdin independent initiation of the alternate pathway. AB - Complement consumption by isolated membranes and walls from Group A streptococci and various other gram-positive microbes has been tested. These microbial structures were found to activate the alternate complement pathway. However, unlike endotoxin, inulin, or other plant polysaccharides, activation of complement by our material was found to bypass properdin. The activating factor(s) also differs from cobra venom in its/their requirement for factor D. Preliminary experiments suggest this factor isolated from membranes to be a protein and to have a mol wt greater than 40-60,000 daltons. Our studies have led us to speculate that the phylogenetic role of the alternate complement pathway may be the primordial nonspecific defense system which has retained certain fundamental aspects up to the present time. PMID- 818336 TI - A genetic polymorphism in the constant region of rabbit b4 kappa chains. AB - Amino acid sequence analysis of a b4 light chain from a rabbit homogeneous antistreptococcal antibody revealed the presence of two amino acid substitutions in the constant region not previously reported for these positions. These interchanges, consisting of serine for alanine at position 121 and leucine for glutamine at position 124, were also present in about 30% of the pooled b4 light chains isolated from pooled IgG from the rabbit (4539) that produced the homogeneous antibody. In addition, these interchanges (b4var) were found, always at the same levels, in varying percentages in nonimmune or early immune bleedings from related rabbits in this pedigreed family and could be traced for five generations. The inheritance pattern of b4var was consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. PMID- 818337 TI - [Quantitative protein estimation following standardized concentration of diluted physiological fluids (author's transl)]. AB - After the tenfold concentration of 1:100 diluted standard solutions in the Minicon B-15 concentrator, the quantitative determination of total protein and of ten single proteins showed a decreased yield. These losses are not standardizable. The reason is analyzed and discussed. Therefore, the quantitative estimation of single proteins by means of immunochemical methods as well as the densitometry of electrophoreses of dilute protein solutions following concentration should be interpreted with caution, because changes in the absolute and relative concentration of proteins are to be expected. These methods are not suitable for exact measurements. An unstandardizable correction coefficient ought to be considered. PMID- 818338 TI - Genetic control of cell differentiation in platyfish-swordtail melanomas. AB - In certain fish hybrids, malignant transformation of pigment cells is due to the presence of a tumor gene (Tu), the action of which is controlled by several regulatory elements. Absence of these controlling genes causes rapid proliferation of the Tu-transformed cells and ultimately results in melanoma formation. One of these genes has been identified as a differentiation gene (Diff), since it seems to control the differentiation of the transformed pigment cells. Light and electron microscopy of Tu-transformed cells of fish differing in the dosage of Diff, and the determination of tyrosinase activity in homogenates of the respective tissues revealed that the degree of cellular differentiation depends on the dosage of Diff present in the genome. It is concluded that the gene Diff promotes the differentiation of malignant melanoma cells into benign melanophores. PMID- 818339 TI - An analysis of MP gene affected morphogenesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1, (Species 1) ciliates. AB - The recessive mp gene in syngen 1 (Species 1) of Tetrahymena pyriformis results in a characteristic set of abnormalities of the adoral membranelles, commonly including some extra membranellar segments (Kaczanowski, '75). The abnormal pattern is produced in about 10% of dividing cells, compared to 80% of cells undergoing oral replacement. Thus the percentage of abnormal cells increases during prolonged stationary phase. Abnormal oral replacement arises primarily for a separation of two kinetosomal fields: the field of kinety no. 1 (the K-1 field), and the anterior field originating from the displaced undulating membrane. Both sites of proliferation appear also during wild type morphogenesis, but they fuse early to form one integrated field (Frankel, '69). The prolonged separation of the subfields in mp/mp cells results in a separate assembly of adoral membranelles; however, the independently developing membranelles of the two subfields are united later to produce a single oral apparatus. A single gene dependent factor apparently alters some property of the cortical layer, which in turn is responsible for a reduced integrity of the oral replacement primordium. PMID- 818341 TI - Role of intracellular calcium and sodium in light adaptation in the retina of the honey bee drone (Apis mellifera, L). AB - In the honey bee drone, the decrease in sensitivity to light of a retinula cell exposed to background illumination was found to be accurately reflected by the difference in amplitude between the initial transient depolarization and the lowest steady depolarization evoked by the background light. It is shown that both the decrease in sensitivity to light and the accompanying drop in potential from the transient to the plateau can be prevented by injecting EGTA intracellularly. A decrease in duration and amplitude of responses to short test flashes such as observed immediately after illumination was found to occur too when Ca or Na, but not K, Li, or Mg injected into dark-adapted retinula cells. Injection of EGTA into a retinula cell maintained a steady state of light adaptation, was found to cause an increase in amplitude and duration of the response to a short test flash, thus producing the effects of dark adaptation. It is suggested that, in the retina of the honey bee drone, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration plays a central role in light adaptation and that an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, resulting from the influx of sodium ions during the responses to light, could lead to this increase in intracellular free calcium. PMID- 818342 TI - Parkinsonian akinesia, rigidity and tremor in the monkey. Histopathological and neuropharmacological study. AB - Parkinsonian postural tremor and rigidity most likely involve the disruption of the dopaminergic (DA) nigrostriatal mechanisms and the corresponding rubro-olivo cerebello-rubral loop without excluding the involvement of related dentato-rubral and dentato-thalamic nervous fascicles. The integrity of the magnocellular division of the red nucleus and of the rubrotegmentospinal pathway, however, is apparently essential for the expression of rigidity. Akinesia most likely results from the bilateral involvement of brain stem catecholaminergic (CA) mechanisms including the DA nigrostriatal pathways. Finally the integrity of the pallidothalamic fibers seems to represent an essential feature for the improvement of these motor disorders by DA agonists, suggesting that certain of these agents, such as apomorphine, exert their main effects through the neostriatal DA receptors. PMID- 818340 TI - Ionized calcium concentrations in squid axons. AB - Values for ionized [Ca] in squid axons were obtained by measuring the light emission from a 0.1-mul drop of aequorin confined to a plastic dialysis tube of 140-mum diameter located axially. Ionized Ca had a mean value of 20 x 10(-9) M as judged by the subsequent introduction of CaEGTA/EGTA buffer (ratio ca. 0.1) into the axoplasm, and light measurement on a second aequorin drop. Ionized Ca in axoplasma was also measured by introducing arsenazo dye into an axon by injection and measuring the Ca complex of such a dye by multichannel spectrophotometry. Values so obtained were ca. 50 x 10(-9) M as calibrated against CaEGTA/EGTA buffer mixtures. Wth a freshly isolated axon in 10 mM Ca seawater, the aequorin glow invariably increased with time; a seawater [Ca] of 2-3 mM allowed a steady state with respect to [Ca]. Replacement of Na+ in seawater with choline led to a large increase in light emission from aequorin. Li seawater partially reversed this change and the reintroduction of Na+ brought light levels back to their initial value. Stimulation at 60/s for 2-5 min produced an increase in aequorin glow about 0.1% of that represented by the known Ca influx, suggesting operationally the presence of substantial Ca buffering. Treatment of an axon with CN produced a very large increase in aequorin glow and in Ca arsenazo formation only if the external seawater contained Ca. PMID- 818343 TI - Treatment of acromegaly by transsphenoidal microsurgery. AB - The preoperative outlook and surgical results are evaluated in 29 acromegalic patients, employing the usual serum growth hormone (GH) screening techniques in association with GH response to the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test. Results obtained by transsphenoidal microsurgical technique in adenomas of different size and sellar morphology are reported. Overall results clearly favor selective microsurgery in early diagnosed and operated tumors (microadenomas), while a less than radical approach does not hold much promise of functional normalization in larger adenomas. In nonnormalized cases the efficacy of radiotherapy is stressed. The TRH test results were a good indication for radiation therapy even in those cases in which GH normalized after surgery by common assay methods. PMID- 818344 TI - Sensory Jacksonian seizures. AB - Sensory Jacksonian seizures were analyzed in 42 patients with regard to anatomical and temporal sequences. The origin of sensory Jacksonian seizures, in contrast to motor Jacksonian seizures, often began at peripheral sites with littel cortical representation. The progression of seizure activity across the cerebral cortex followed a course that was neither rectilinear, radiate, nor random; it appeared to preceed in an organized manner to involve functionally coherent units. The patterns analyzed conformed more closely to cortical somatosensory maps reported for the chimpanzee than the sensory sequences presently available for the cortex of man. Complete diagnostic studies are indicated in patients presenting with sensory Jacksonian seizures because of the frequency of related focal pathology. PMID- 818345 TI - Tomographic images of blood pool and perfusion in brain and heart. AB - A whole-body positron-emission transaxial tomograph (PETT III) was used to image the cross-sectional distribution of 13NH3 and 11CO-hemoglobin in the human brain and heart. Carotid and intravenous bolus injections of 13NH3 in the rhesus monkey had shown that 13NH3 is efficiently extracted by the brain and clears from it slowly (half-time, 40-50 min for carotid injections and 60-70 min for intravenous injections). The intravenous tomographic images in humans showed an excellent relationship between 13NH3 uptakes in the cortex, subcortical white matter, cerebellum, and brain stem and normal blood perfusion or flow in these structures. Cerebral lesions with high (metastasis) and low (stroke) blood flows showed correspondingly high and low uptakes of 13NH3. Large- and small-vascular structures of the brain were also clearly seen in 11CO-hemoglobin tomographic images. Normal myocardium and the ventricular chambers were well defined, and a transmural anterior myocardial infarct was clearly shown. The effective combination of positron transaxial tomography and compounds labeled with positron emitters provides a safe new method for quantitatively imaging hemodynamic and physiologic functions of selected organs with good tomographic image quality. PMID- 818347 TI - Effect of vitamin A and undernutrition on the susceptibility of rodents to a malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei. AB - The ability of vitamin A deficient rats to resist infection with P. berghei was investigated. When 10 X 10(6) erythrocytes bearing the parasite/100 g body weight were given to the vitamin A protein energy undernourished rats, parasitemia developed in these animals at a faster pace than the controls. A high number (60% to 95%) of red blood cells (RBC) carrying the parasite were noticeable within 6 to 7 days after infection, at which time most animals in this group died. The pair-fed controls (protein-energy undernourished but supplemented with vitamin A) fared perceptibly better with an equivalent load of infection. Control ad libitum fed littermates were able to restrict the infection and neither high parasitemia nor death was noted in this group. Oral supplements of retinyl acetate to vitamin A deficient rats enabled the animals to recover from infection. A subclinical dose of 500 parasitized RBC given at an early stage of the vitamin A deficiency precipitated the deficiency symptoms at a faster rate and led to the development of higher order of parasitemia in these rats beginning from the 10th day after infection as compared to pair fed controls. The yield of glass adhering cells obtainable from peritoneal exudates was low in deficient rats. In vitro experiments further suggest a decrease in the capacity of the glass adhering peritoneal exudate cells in vitamin A deficient mice to clear the infection. This capacity was improved by addition of non glass adhering cells from sensitized control mice. PMID- 818346 TI - Simultaneous measurement of percentage free thyroxine and triiodothyronine: comparison of equilibrium dialysis and Sephadex chromatography. AB - An equilibrium dialysis technique was used to measure simultaneously the proportion of free thyroxine (%FT4) and free 3,4,5'-triiodothyronine (%FT3) in sera from patients with diverse states of thyroid function and abnormal levels of plasma T4-binding proteins. In general, the correlation between %FT4 and %FT3 values was excellent in the entire group of patients studied. Studies were also conducted to ascertain whether Sephadex columns could be employed to obtain simultaneous measures of plasma binding of T4 and T3. Mixtures of diluted serum and 125I-T4 and 131I-T3 were applied to columns of Sephadex in order to separate "bound" and "free" fractions. The values for percent free T4 and T3 yielded by the Sephadex process (%FT4S and %FT3S), although far greater numerically, correlated closely with 5FT4 and %FT3 measured directly by equilibrium dialysis. When %FT4 and %FT3 were multiplied by their respective serum concentrations, the resulting free T4 and free T3 indices provided good separation of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups from the euthyroid group. As in the dialysis method, %FT4S closely correlated with %FT3S. PMID- 818349 TI - Histopathologic evaluation of the effects of four calcium hydroxide liners on monkey pulps. AB - Pulpal response of four calcium hydroxide liners, MPC 10, MPC 12, Dycal and Pulpdent were tested on primary and permanent teeth with zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) and silicate as controls. Responses of the pulps were evaluatedi in Rhesus monkeys, utilizing Class V cavity preparations at 3 days, 5 and 8 weeks. An equivalent number of anterior and posterior teeth were studied for all compounds. The Ca(OH)2 liners, zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) and silicate controls were placed in 80 primary and 80 permanent teeth. Following perfusions the teeth were prepared utilizing routine histological procedures. The 3 day response of the calcium hydroxides was moderate with some disruption in the odontoblasts, vacuolization and mild inflammation underlying the cavity except Pulpdent which was more severe. At 5 weeks a decrease in inflammatory response and the formation of reparative dentin was similar for all calcium hydroxides tested at this time period. At 8 weeks more reparative dentin was noted with slight to moderate pulpal responses. At all time periods ZOE produced the least pulpal response while silicate produced the most severe response at 5 and 8 weeks. This study reports the biological responses of four calcium hydroxide compounds used as cavity liners in non-exposures in a series of primary and permanent teeth of monkeys using ZOE and silicate as controls. Responses to the four Ca(OH)2 compounds were moderate for all the experimental compounds except Pulpdent which was more severe at the early time period tested. ZOE produced a milder and silicate a severe response at all periods. All of these compounds were placed by random selection in anterior and posterior teeth of both arches and five teeth were evaluated in both primary and permanent teeth at 3 days, 5 and 8 weeks. PMID- 818348 TI - Duodenal nutrient infusion: effects on feeding in intact and vagotomized rabbits. AB - A comparative study on the satiating effect of duodenal infusions of glycerol, casein and glucose was performed in intact and vagotomized rabbits during both diuranal and nocturnal periods. All duodenally infused substances had satiating effects. Glycerol infusions produced the largest reduction of food intake during the day while casein hydrolysate infusion was most effective in this respect during the night. The most apparent and consistent effect of vagotomy was the elimination of hypophagic effect of diurnal and nocturnal infusions of glucose. Pretreatment with atropine methyl nitrate, which prevented the evoked gastric contractions in response to electrical stimulation of the efferent cervical vagus nerve in acute preparations but did not influence spontaneous intake in free feeding animals, had no effect on duodenal glucose induced satiety. This result indicates that afferent vagal mediation of information from peripheral metabolic organs is vital to the short-term glucostatic regulation of food intake. PMID- 818350 TI - Tooth eruption and bone resorption: experimental investigation of the ia (osteopetrotic) rat as a model for studying their relationships. AB - The osteopetrotic (ia) rat was examined as an experimental model for studying the dependence of tooth eruption on bone resorption. In ia rats eruption of incisors and first molars was rare and eruption of second and third molars was reduced and delayed. Autoradiographic studies of 3H-proline incorporation showed that delayed eruption was not due to reduced tooth formation. Microscopic study revealed distortion and failure of posterior growth of the apical ends of incisors, unresorbed bone blocking the eruption pathway for molars, and ankylosis of incisors and first molars to alveolar bone. A reduction in bone resorption, known to be the primary cause of the disease in ia rats, is presumed to be the cause of the delayed or unerupted dentition. The effectiveness of attempts to increase bone resorption in ia rats at an early age by injection of vitamin A and/or parathyroid extract or by parabiotic union with a normal littermate was determined by measuring their effect on the relative size of the tibial marrow cavity. Only parabiosis had a beneficial effect on bone resorption but surgical union could not be performed in animals young enough to affect eruption of incisors and first molars in ia parabionts. These results suggest that parabiotic union of neonatal rats should allow resorption to begin early enough to test the presumed dependence of tooth eruption on bone resorption. PMID- 818351 TI - Changes in granular endoplasmic reticulum induced in cultured human monocytes by colony stimulating factor. AB - The supernatant portion of cultured human monocytes produces a biological factor known as colony stimulating factor. The addition of culture fluid containing colony stimulating factor to cultured human monocytes produced morphologic changes in the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Granular endoplasmic reticulum changed its appearance from long slender cisternae to a concentric pattern (whorls) averaging seven rows per structure 120 min following the addition of culture fluids containing colony stimulating factor. PMID- 818352 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene contact hypersensitivity in the hamster cheek pouch. AB - Stimulation of cell mediated immunity has been reported to be effective in bringing about clinical regression of carcinomas. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the possibility of introducing cell mediated immunity into an experimental animal-chemical carcinogenesis system (dimethylbenzanthracene hamster cheek pouch) to serve as a model for the study of immunotherapy of oral cancer in humans. Contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was induced in 17 Syrian hamsters via the abdominal skin. After secondary application of the allergen to the cheek pouch, local gross and histologic characteristics indicative of delayed hypersensitivity were observed. Control animals that had received only a primary or a secondary challenge with DNCB essentially showed no change. This study demonstrates that the buccal pouch of the Syrian hamster is capable of manifesting contact hypersensitivity to DNCB. PMID- 818353 TI - Blood flow changes after orthognathic surgery: maxillary and mandibular subapical osteotomy. AB - Subapical osteotomies were performed in the left quadrant of the mandibles and maxillas of five dogs and six monkeys. Two indirect methods, the isotope fractionation (diffusible tracer) and particle distribution (nondiffusible tracer -15mu microspheres) were used to quantitate local blood flow. To examine the effect of the surgery, blood flows in the alveolar bone, mucosa, and dental pulp of the segmented left quadrant and the corresponding tissues in the right quadrant were calculated and compared. It was assumed that the blood flows to the nonoperated right quadrant could serve as the controls to those observed in the osteotomized segment. The fractional decrease in blood flows to tissues in the operated sides were similar in both experimental animals. The decrease was largest in the dental pulp, ranging from 54% to 82% on the average, and least for the mucosal tissue, ranging from 18% to 40%. Blood flows decreased by 48% to 74%, on the average, in the alveolar bone. In some animals, blood flow to mucosal tissue that served as the pedicle was actually greater than the blood flow in the corresponding tissue on the right side. After surgery, the cardiac output in the dogs averaged about 156 ml/min/kg as calculated from both the diffusible and nondiffusible data. In the monkeys in which only the microspheres were injected, the cardiac output averaged 99 ml/min/kg. The arterial blood pressure dropped 8 to 13 mm Hg on the average (dog, 108 to 100 mm Hg; monkeys, 94 to 81 mm Hg). The heart rate also decreased slightly in dogs, 158 to 139 beats/min on the average; however, it increased slightly after the surgery in the monkeys, 144 to 161 beats/min. Blood losses during surgery were replaced wtih lactated Ringer's solution and the transient decreases in blood pressure of about 20 to 35 mm Hg were not sufficient to produce any shut down of renal blood flow. PMID- 818354 TI - The surface morphology of the phagocytosis of micro-organisms by peritoneal macrophages. AB - Scanning electron-microscopic studies of phagocytosis of various micro organisms by murine peritoneal macrophages has been made. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Brewer's yeast were easily ingested, whereas Cryptococcus neoformans was not. The development of intricate and tenuous filopodia preceded close surface attachment, after which both thin and thicker lamellipodia invested the micro-organisms. Loss of the normal surface ridges characterised the replete cell. The technique of scanning electron microscopy is easily reproducible and adds a new parameter to the morphological appreciation of a fundamental biological phenomenon. PMID- 818355 TI - Neonatal staphylococcal enterocolitis: association with indwelling feeding catheters and S. aureus colonization. PMID- 818357 TI - Letter: Therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis with continuous "low-dose infusion" of insulin. PMID- 818358 TI - Kerosene intoxication: an experimental approach to the etiology of the CNS manifestations in primates. AB - Baboons were utilized to investigate the clinicopathologic effects of kerosene, given via various routes, on the primate brain. The animals were divided into five groups: Group 1 - normal controls; Group II - kerosene administered intratracheally; Group III - kersoene injected into the left cardiac ventricle; Group IV - kerosene injected into right carotid artery; Group V - kerosene injected into portal vein. Results indicate that the primate brain is resistent to the direct toxic effects of kerosene. Even when the dose is very large, the microcirculation of the liver and lung filter out sufficient amounts of kerosene to protect the brain from damage. It is assumed that the CNS manifestations following ingestion of kerosene are due to hypoxia secondary to aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 818356 TI - Letter: Elemental diets and hypertonic feedings for low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 818359 TI - Peripheral nodular lesions in Pseudomonas sepsis. The importance of incision and drainage. PMID- 818361 TI - Xenogeneic implants in primates. Collagen and chondroitin sulfate. AB - This study was undertaken to examine histologically, in monkeys, the sequential healing phenomena of created two-walled osseous defects, which have been corrected by purified collagen and a mixed isomer of chondroitin sulfate. Four adult rhesus monkeys were used as experimental models and provided 23 specimens, from 0 to 56 days postoperatively. Sixteen of these served as implant specimens, and seven served as control specimens in which defects were corrected by curettage only. Two types of implant materials were utilized. The implants were compatible with osteogenesis. The two implant materials themselves did not differ in the healing events. PMID- 818360 TI - Allogeneic iliac transplants in rhesus monkeys. A sequential histologic study. AB - Fresh and frozen allogeneic iliac grafts were used in surgically prepared intraosseous defects. Four adult rhesus monkeys provided 19 specimens from 0 to 56 days postoperative. There were 8 specimens for each type of graft and 3 others used as controls. Histologic sections from each specimen were prepared and a description of the sequential healing events was given. The similarities and differences in repair were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique were analyzed and insight into their clinical applications was provided. No significant difference was observed in the sequential healing of the fresh and frozen allogeneic bone grafts, and both allografts induced a more rapid osseous regeneration than the controls. The fresh and frozen allogeneic transplants were accepted by the host as was evidenced by the involucrum formations. PMID- 818362 TI - Beta-hydroxynorleucine: separation of its isomers and biological studies. AB - Separation of the four isomers of beta-hydroxynorleucine was accomplished by partition column chromatography and asymmetric enzymatic hydrolysis of the N chloroacetyl derivatives. From these, the corresponding N-chloroacetyl derivatives were made. The purity and configuration of each isomer of the free acid and N-chloroacetylated derivative were ascertained by: (a) paper chromatography in five solvent systems, (b) elemental analysis, (c) Van Slyke nitrous acid determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (d) Van Slyke ninhydrin determination of alpha-carbonyl carbon, and (e) optical rotation. Comparison of the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis by hog renal acylase I of the N-chloroacetyl derivative of the L-isomers of each diastereomer showed that the acyl B isomer is a better substrate than the acyl A isomer, where A denotes the faster moving diastereomer and B denotes the slower moving diastereomer in a defined chromatographic solvent system. Microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei in a system selected for screening for possible antitumor activity indicated that while none of the isomers as free amino acids had any growth inhibitory action, the N-acylated isomers showed modest but significant activity. The N-chloroacetyl derivative of the D-enantiomorph of diastereomer B exhibited the greatest growth inhibitory activity, showing about twice the activity of the other three isomers. PMID- 818363 TI - Development of a stable sublingual nitroglycerin tablet II: formulation and evaluation of tablets containing povidone. AB - Stable and pharmaceutically elegant sublingual nitroglycerin tablets were formulated using povidone to retard volatilization of the drug. Formulation and processing variables were investigated to produce an acceptable product. A blend of two grades of povidone, of different degrees of cross-linkage and water solubility, provided stable tablets which exhibited rapid disintegration. Directly compressed sublingual tablets made in this study retained over 80% of the initial nitroglycerin when exposed to the atmosphere at room temperature for 2 months. The direct compression tablets are of good appearance and low friability, and the formulation is readily compressed without problems. An interesting relationship among the hardness, disintegration time, and compaction pressure is described. PMID- 818364 TI - A possible mechanism of ellipticine-induced hemolysis. AB - Ellipticine (E) [5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido-(4,3-b)-carbazole, NSC-71795] is an antineoplastic agent which is active against L1210 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Preclinical toxicologic studies demonstrated hemolysis in dogs and monkeys following intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg. This finding prompted this investigation of the mechanism of hemolysis and a study of the various factors that might ameliorate this effect. Initial experiments demonstrated that human red blood cells were completely hemolyzed at an E concentration of 10(-3) M, while a concentration of 10(-4) M stabilized red blood cells against 150 mOsM NaCl. The extent of hemolysis correlated well with the surface activities, lipophilic properties and cellular uptake of E and some of its derivatives (7,10 dimethylellipticine, isoellipticine, 9-methoxyellipticine and 11 demethylellipticine). The greatest hemolysis occurred with 7,10 dimethylellipticine and the least with 11-demethylellipticine. The cellular uptake of E and its derivatives was linear over a wide concentration range and was not temperature-dependent. Hemolysis could be blocked by citrate, sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, oxytetracycline and [(+/-)-1,2-bis(3,5 dioxopiperazin-1-y1)propane]. The inhibition of E uptake by citrate appears to be a noncompetitive process and has a K1 of 1.9 X 10(-3) M. These data suggest that Ca++ might be involved in the hemolytic process and in the cellular uptake of E. The intravenous administration of ellipticine to rhesus monkey caused severe hemolysis which could be prevented by simultaneous injection of citrate. PMID- 818365 TI - Permeability of the sheep placenta to unmetabolized polar non-electrolytes. AB - 1. The rate of appearance in uterine venous blood of radioactively labelled, polar, non-electrolytes has been measured following their injection into the foetal circulation in the chronically catheterized sheep near term. Uterine blood flow was measured by an antipyrine technique. 2. Estimates of a placental permeability constant not corrected for area were 61-2 +/- 5-5 ml. min-1 (mean +/ S.E. of mean) for [14C] urea, 1-85 +/- 0-16 for [14C]erythritol and 0-21 +/- 0 03 for [3H]mannitol. Results are also presented for [14C]ethylene glycol, [14C]L glucose, [14C]mannitol, [51Cr] EDTA and [3H] and [14C]sucrose. 3. In four sheep, permeability measurements for several solutes were made and the results were analysed in terms of restricted diffusion via cylindrical, water-filled pores. Calculation of pore radius was made by a minimum variance method and values ranging from 0-43 to 0-45 nm were obtained. 4. Stability and absence of protein binding of probe molecules was investigated by gel permeation on Sephadex columns. PMID- 818366 TI - Fine structure of oocyst transformation and the sporozoites of Leucocytozoon dubreuili. AB - The sporogonic stages of Leucocytozoon dubreuili in the midgut and salivary glands of the simuliid vectors was studied by electron microscopy. Young uninucleate oocysts have a pellicle that initially resembles that of the ookinete. Numerous electron-dense bodies and microtubules in the peripheral cytoplasm may be involved in the formation of the cyst wall. The dense bodies appear to give rise to the amorphous material of the wall. The tubules which run circumferentially beneath the oocyst's boundary probably serve as a skeletal support for the cell surface during deposition of the wall material. PMID- 818367 TI - The structure and development of the dorsal bristle complex of Oxytricha fallax and Stylomychia pustulata. AB - Oxytricha fallax and Stylonychia pustulata possess 6 rows of dorsal bristle units. Each dorsal bristle unit consists of a pair of kinetosomes; the anterior kinetosome has a cilium and the posterior kinetosome a ciliary study. The kinetosome pair, located at the bottom of a cortical pit surrounding the cilium and ciliary stub, is surrounded by an asymmetrical fibrillar mass. Future rows 1 4 are formed from 2 sets of primordia originating within mature dorsal rows 1-3. Rows 5 and 6 originate from the anterior regions of both right marginal cirral primorida. Old dorsal bristle units utilized in formation of primordia are presumably maintained in the new rows of the proter and opisthe; those outside the primordia resorbed. The morphogenetic pattern of the Oxytrichidae is similar to those of the Urostylidae and Holostichidae, but quite different from that of the Euplotidae. PMID- 818368 TI - Effect of 4-pentenoic acid on intermediate metabolism of Tetrahymena. AB - The growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM was strongly inhibited by 4 pentenoic acid. Supplementing the medium acetate reversed the growth inhibition, but pyruvate was ineffective. Glycogen content was much lower in cells grown with 4-pentenoic acid than in controls; this effect was not reversed by acetate or by pyruvate. There was little effect of 4-penteonic acid on the in incorporation of label from [1-14C]acetate, [2-14C]glycerol, [1-14C]ribose, [U-14C]fructose, or [1 14C]glucose into CO2 but incorporation of label into glycogen was inhibited, the strongest inhibition being on acetate and the weakest approximately 20%) on ribose, fructose, and glucose. A 3-compartment model for quantitation of labeled acetyl CoA fluxes was shown to be applicable to Tetrahymena grown in the presence of 4-pentenoic acid, and experiments were performed to establish the flux of [1 14C]acetyl CoA into glycogen, lipids, CO2, glutamate, and alanine. It was evident from the results of these experiments that 4-pentenoic acid did not appreciably inhibit beta-oxidation or lipogenesis, but markedly decreased the glyconeogenic flux of labeled acetyl-CoA from the peroxismal and outer mitochondrial compartments. PMID- 818370 TI - Phylogenetic origin of the chloroplast. AB - The 16S ribosomal RNA of the chloroplast of Euglena gracilis strain Z has been characterized in terms of its 2-dimensional electrophoretic "fingerprint" (T1 ribonuclease). Over 100 spots were resolved on the "fingerprint" and each spot was characterized as to which RNA oligonucleotide fragment(s) is contained. When compared to similar analyses of prokaryotic 16S rRNAs and eukaryotic cytoplasmic 18S rRNAs, the chloroplast 16S rRNA was a typically prokaryotic RNA, but bore little if any relationship to eukaryotic 18S rRNAs. Therefore, the cistrons for chloroplast 16S rRNA are related to the equivalent prokaryotic cistrons, but, apparently, are not related to the equivalent eukaryotic cistrons. Among the organisms available for comparison, the Euglena chloroplast 16S rRNA appears most closely related to the 16S rRNA of the eukaryote, Porphyridium cruentum (a red alga), and at least distantly related to the 16S rRNAs of the blue-green algae and perhaps also to the bacilli. PMID- 818369 TI - The effect of temperature on the fatty acid composition of Tetrahymena pyriformis WH-14. AB - A reduction in the growth temperature of Tetrahymena pyriformis strains WH-14 from 35 C to 15 C resulted in distinct alterations in the fatty acid composition of the glycerophospholipids. The proportion of normal saturated acids declined from 26 to 19%; palmitoleic acid increased by 6%, and the composition of the polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in 18:2 delta 6,11 (n) and decreased in 18:2 delta 9,12 (n) and 18:3 delta 6,9,12 (n). The unsaturation index (the average number of double bonds/100 molecules) did not change with a shift in temperature. PMID- 818371 TI - Search for clues to the evolutionary meaning of ciliate phylogeny. AB - Progress in ciliatology and in allied fields may demystify ciliate phylogenetics. Concentration on hymenostomes (mainly Tetrahymena and Paramecium) may have obscured directional features of ciliate physiology in phylogenetic problems. Therefore, means are suggested for "domesticating" the presumptively primitive, predominantly marine, sand-dwelling gymnostomes having nondividing macronuclei. The prize quarry is the marine psammophile Stephanopogon whose homokaryotic condition may mark it as a living fossil. Eventual axenic cultivation of these "primitive" ciliates may be aided by use as food of easily grown photosynthetic prokaryotes, some isolated from the marine sulfuretum or adjacent aerobic muds and sands where "karyorelictid" ciliates flourish. PMID- 818372 TI - Mating in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) after conception and its relationship to oestradiol and progesterone levels throughout pregnancy. AB - Behavioural and hormonal data were collected throughout pregnancy in captive rhesus monkeys. Heterosexual pairs observed in daily time-limited mating tests showed two distinct periods of increased sexual interaction, as measured by the incidence of ejaculation. One period was coincident with the preovulatory oestradiol peak, while the other occurred between the 6th and 10th weeks of pregnancy. The positive relationship found during the menstrual cycle between the ratio of circulating oestradiol: progesterone and degree of sexual activity continued for the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. However, sexual activity ceased in the second half of pregnancy despite a continued high oestradiol: progesterone ratio. PMID- 818373 TI - The distribution of calcium in bovine spermatozoa and seminal plasma in relation to cold shock. AB - The cause of the higher total calcium level in bovine seminal plasma than in spermatozoa is due mainly to a much higher concentration of complexed calcium in seminal plasma than in spermatozoa. The concentration of protein-bound calcium was approximately the same in spermatozoa and seminal plasma; that of ionized calcium lower in seminal plasma than in spermatozoa. Sudden cooling (cold shock) of fresh bull semen, which irreversibly abolished motility, led to a significant increase in the concentration of total calcium in spermatozoa, and a corresponding decrease of total calcium in the seminal plasma; the effect was more marked when semen was rapidly cooled to 0 degrees C than to 5 degrees C. The cold-shock induced change in the distribution of calcium between spermatozoa and seminal plasma was reflected in a decreased content of ionized calcium in the seminal plasma and a simultaneously increased content of complexed and protein bound calcium in spermatozoa. No increase of calcium in spermatozoa was observed following slow cooling under conditions when motility had not been lost irreversibly. Heat inactivation by itself had no marked effect on the calcium concentration ratio between spermatozoa and seminal plasma, but cold-shocking of spermatozoa that had first been irreversibly immobilized by heating produced an increase in the level of sperm calcium. The increase in the calcium level occurred irrespective of whether the spermatozoa had been initially motile. When spermatozoa were reversibly immobilized by treatment with formaldehyde at a low concentration, the calcium level remained unchanged, increasing significantly after cold shock, but not to the same level as in the formaldehyde-free control sample. Addition of EDTA or detergents to the semen prevented the accumulation of calcium by cold-shocked spermatozoa. PMID- 818374 TI - Paternity and status in a rhesus monkey group. AB - In the blood from 63 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), transferrin, 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase II, phosphohexose isomerase, NADH diaphorase and leucocyte antigens were polymorphic. On the basis of these traits, paternity eliminations were determined for 29 offspring of 26 females from an established breeding group containing 8 sexually mature males. The dominance of the males was assessed by the directionality of the agonistic encounters. After examination of the results for two breeding seasons it was found that (1) the alpha male did not do all, or even most, of the successful mating and (2) there was evidence demonstrating increased reproductive success for males as a function of relative agonistic rank for the second but not the first of the 2 years. PMID- 818375 TI - Oestrogen metabolites in urine during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and puerperium in the Indian hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus entellus). AB - Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestriol were detected in the urine of menstruating and pregnant langur monkeys. More oestrone than the other two oestrogens was excreted during the cycle and oestradiol-17 beta and oestriol could not be detected during the luteal phase. There was an increase in the amount of all the three oestrogens excreted during pregnancy when compared with the menstruating animals and oestriol was the major oestrogen excreted in the urine of pregnant langurs. Normal cyclic levels were reached 2 days after parturition. Most of the oestrogens (95%) were conjugated with glucuronic acid and little with sulphuric acid or in any other form. PMID- 818376 TI - Disparity in origin of mononuclear phagocyte populations. PMID- 818378 TI - Gold-induced enterocolitis. Case report and literature review. AB - A case of gold-induced enterocolitis and a review of the literature are reported. Gold-induced enterocolitis appears to be an uncommon reaction, occurring in middle-aged females who have received low doses of gold preparations. Symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea with or without blood. The whole of the gastrointestinal tract may be involved and fatal cases occur. The diagnosis of a primary enteropathic arthropathy may be suggested. Cessation of gold, glucocorticoids and supportive therapy are indicated. The mechanism of the reaction is still unknown. PMID- 818377 TI - Liver enlargement demonstrated by scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Scintigraphic scanning employing technetium-99m sulfur colloid was used to assess the size of the liver and spleen in 32 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The data were correlated with clinical and laboratory assessment. Seven patients had enlarged livers, three enlarged spleens. An expected correlation of liver enlargement with Sjogren's syndrome did not materialize. Splenic enlargement and liver enlargement were discordant. Liver enlargement correlated best with elevations of rheumatoid factor as measured by latex fixation. As liver enlargement is not an appreciated feature of rheumatoid arthritis, these findings suggest that hepatomegaly need not necessarily imply adverse treatment results or the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 818379 TI - The association of HL-A B27 with Forestier's disease (vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis). AB - Despite the lack of apophyseal or sacroiliac joint involvement, Forestier's disease (vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis) shares with the inflammatory forms of spondylitis, the roentgenographic appearance of spinal new bone formation. Because of this apparent similarity, the prevalence of the HL-A B27 antigen was determined in 47 white patients with Forestier's disease. Sixteen of the patients (34 per cent) possessed the B27 antigen (P is less than 0.001). The mere presence of B27 therefore, does not confirm the diagnosis of inflammatory spondylitis in all patients with roentgenographic evidence of osseous bridging. Applying available epidemiologic information, these data further suggest that patients with the B27 antigen may be at substantial risk of developing Forestier's disease. As Forestier's disease and virtually all of the other B27 associated arthropathies manifest abundant new bone, an association may exist between this antigen and genes controlling new bone formation. PMID- 818380 TI - Studies of rheumatoid arthritis among a tribe of Northwest Indians. AB - Thirty-six women from a Northwest Indian population known to have an increased prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis were studied. The course of the clinical disease was that of erosive rheumatoid arthritis with characteristic involvement of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody tests were frequently positive, and reactions to gold therapy were more frequent than in other rheumatoid populations. Viral antibodies were similar in the rheumatoid and the control groups. HL-A W24 and HL-A BW40 were increased in both the diseased and the control Indian populations. PMID- 818381 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships. 2. A mixed approach, based on Hansch and Free-Wilson Analysis. AB - Based on the theoretical and numerical equivalence of Hansch's linear multiple regression model and the modified Free-Wilson model a mixed approach is developed. The mixed approach is a combination of both models which makes use of the advantages of each model and widens the applicability of Hansch and Free Wilson analysis. The Free-Wilson approach now is applicable also in the case of parabolic dependence of biological activity on a particular physical property, e.g., log P or pi. A rational explanation is given for the use of dummy variables in Hansch equations and the derivation of Hansch correlations for de novo group contributions obtained from Free-Wilson analysis. Some examples illustrate the mixed approach and demonstrate its usefulness to establish biologically meaningful structure-activity relationships. PMID- 818382 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of drug glucuronides by immobilized glucuronosyltransferase. AB - Rabbit liver glucuronosyltransferase immobilized on beaded agarose has been used to synthesize glucuronic acid conjugates of meprobamate, diethylstibestrol, bilirubin, borneol, benzioc acid, and p-nitrothiophenol. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a high degree of specificity for UDPGA as cofactor when p-nitrophenol is used as substrate. Other cofactors tested were less effective, all producing less than 10% conjugation relative to UDPGA. The effects on agarose-bound enzyme activity of a variety of cosolvents and emulsifiers have been studied. Ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol, and bovine serum albumin are among the cosolvents and emulsifiers which can be used within limited concentration ranges to sulubilize lipophilic substrates for conjugation. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium cations between 1.5 and 10.0mM were found to enhance glucuronosyltransferase activity of the immobilized enzyme. PMID- 818384 TI - Experimental lead paint poisoning in nonhuman primates. I. Clinical signs and course. AB - Lead-containing paints were administered orally to 27 rhesus monkeys for periods of 18-667 days. Lead acetate was fed to nine monkeys of three different species for 9-156 days. Excretion of one week's dose of lead in six primates ranged from 35 to 94%. The animals incurred moderate to extreme elevations of lead in blood, most lost weight, or had depressed weight gains, and developed Burtonian lines, some died suddenly and unexpectedly, and many terminated in a moribund state with profound anemia. Only one neonate had obvious signs of lead encephalopathy. The monkeys' ages, dose and source of lead, and possibly other factors, affected their response to lead. PMID- 818385 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of simian lung mites (Pneumonyssus santos diasi, Zumpt and Till, 1954). AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study general morphological features of female Pneumonyssus santos-diasi, the most common lung mite found in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus), and its effect on host tissues. The technique provides an excellent three-dimensional correlation with light microscopic taxonomic identification and brings further insight to a detailed host parasite relationship. PMID- 818383 TI - E1j, a quantitative variant at cholinesterase locus 1: immunological evidence. AB - Sera of various phenotypes at serum cholinesterase locus 1, including the newly recognized phenotypes E1 aE1j, E1 uE1j, and E1 fE1J, were studied by immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The sera containing the E1j allele show reduced numbers of immunologically active cholinesterase molecules. This finding is consistent with the previously advanced hypothesis that E1j results in reduced numbers of circulating 'usual' (E1u) molecules. Whether this reduction is the result of the low rate of synthesis or of an increased rate of degradation of the cholinesterase remains to be determined. PMID- 818386 TI - Estimation of fetal age and weight from radiographic skull diameters in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - In utero radiographic measurements of the skull of a rhesus monkey fetus provide estimates of conceptual age and body weight with about a 6% and 15% error of estimate, respectively. PMID- 818387 TI - The reproductive potential of the common cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in captivity. AB - The breeding records of a closed colony of marmosets maintained for five years are described. Three generations have been born and a high incidence of multiparity has been achieved. The reproductive potential of C. jacchus is higher than that of virtually any other primate maintained in captivity. PMID- 818388 TI - Papillary carcinoma of apocrine sweat glands in a capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons). AB - A tumor removed from the skin of the right pectoral region of a 19-year-old male Capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons) was morphologically classified as a papillary carcinoma of apocrine sweat gland origin. The designation of malignancy was based primarily on cellular pleomorphism and stromal invasion. This is believed to be the first report of this neoplasm in nonhuman primates. There has been no evidence of recurrence nor metastasis in the 12 months following excision. PMID- 818389 TI - Hypospadias in a male rhesus monkey. AB - Mid-shaft penile hypospadias was found in an otherwise normal adult male rhesus monkey. Histological examination of the penis supports the conclusion that the condition was congenital and not due to trauma. PMID- 818390 TI - Results of present-day therapy of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 818391 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for beta-lytic protease. PMID- 818392 TI - Mouse myeloma mutants blocked in the assembly, glycosylation and secretion of immunoglobulin. PMID- 818393 TI - Analysis of RNA turnover in bacteria using histidine as a radioactivity trap for (2-H)adenine nucleotides. PMID- 818394 TI - Homogeneity in Bacillus subtilis spore DNA content. PMID- 818395 TI - Plasmid-determined tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus faecalis: tandemly repeated resistance determinants in amplified forms of pAMalpha1 DNA. PMID- 818396 TI - Variation in the relative synthesis of immunoglobulin G and non-immunoglobulin G proteins in cultured MPC-11 cells with changes in the overall rate of polypeptide chain initiation and elongation. PMID- 818397 TI - Specific interaction between VH and VL regions of human monoclonal immunoglobulins. PMID- 818398 TI - Acute, subacute, and residual effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in rats. I. Biologic half-life in adipose tissue. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing Aroclor 1254 at o, 5, 50, or 500 ppm for 4 wk. The biologic half-life of Aroclor 1254 in adipose tissue of rats fed 500 ppm, as determined by a gas chromatographic method, was 8 wk in males and 12 wk in females. These results are in line with sex-linked differences reported previously for other chlorinated hydrocarbons. It appears that the lower chlorine homologs in the Aroclor mixture are metabolized while those with higher chlorine content are lost more slowly. PMID- 818400 TI - Deldrin toxicity and successive discrimation reversal in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Seven squirrel monkeys were systematically exposed to dieldrin (C12H10DC16) at two oral doses: 0.10 and 0.01 mg/kg-day. Two zero-dose controls were included. After 55 days of exposure dose assignments were shifted and continued for an additional 54 days. The higher dose group was shifted to zero exposure and lower dose group was shifted to high-dose exposure. Controls continued at zero exposure. The monkeys were presented with a visual nonspatial successive discrimination reversal task. During the first 55 days (preshift), control and low-dose monkeys learned the task; high-dose monkeys did not (p less than 0.001). During the subsequent 54 days (postshift), all groups performances remained at the approximate level achieved at the end of the preshift period. It was concluded that the high dose disrupted learning acquisition. This effect is speculated to be attributed to disruption of hippocampal activity. The low dose had no effect on task acquisition or maintenance. PMID- 818399 TI - Acute, subacute, and residual effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) in rats. II. Pathology and electron microscopy of liver and serum enzyme study. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the residual effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) fed to male rats at dietary concentrations of 0, 5, 50, and 500 ppm in diet. The animals were treated for 4 wk (acute and subacute phase), then observed for periods of up to 50 wk following termination of exposure (residual phase). The most significant histopathologic alteration was fatty degenerative change in the liver, which was most marked at 9 wk. Forty-six weeks postexposure, more than 50% of the rats fed 500 ppm still demonstrated fatty degenerative changes. On electron microscopic examination, marked increases in lipid vacuoles and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) occurred with a concomitant decrease in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) profiles in the animals receiving 50-500ppm for 4 wk. Thirty-seven weeks following the exposure period, rats dosed with 50 ppm showed partial recovery toward control morphology (less lipid, less SER, more RER), while those receiving 500 ppm did not. Persistent morphologic alterations included an increase in SER and medium-density lipid material within cisternae of Ser, Golgi and Golgi-condensing vesicles, as well as a decrease in parallel arrays of RER. The persistence of ultrastructural alteration throughout the 46-wk residual phase emphasizes the long-lasting effects of 4-wk exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl. PMID- 818401 TI - A durable chronic unit recording device with movable microelectrode. AB - The design of a durable chronic unit recording device with movable microelectrode suitable for cats and monkeys is presented. Sufficiently rugged to remain on cats for weeks during exploration of a single electrode tract, the device also features: choice of stereotaxic coordinates over a large horizontal area at recording time; good stereotaxic precision; capability to hold a single unit for days; excellent insulation between the recording circuit and the animal; and simplicity of design and materials which allows fabrication of numerous devices in one lab. PMID- 818402 TI - Percutaneous lateral malleolar transtibial pin fixation of unstable ankle fractures. PMID- 818403 TI - Normal ranges and diagnostic value of serum albumin and leucine aminopeptidase activity in Egyptian children. PMID- 818404 TI - Some etiological aspects of protein-calorie malnutrition in the Marmara region of Turkey. PMID- 818405 TI - The amino-acid ratio, serum proteins and haematological studies on marasmic children. PMID- 818406 TI - Pattern of protein-energy malnutrition in Sudanese children and comparison with some other Middle East countries. PMID- 818407 TI - The problems of preserving molecular structure of cellular components in connection with electron microscopic analysis. PMID- 818408 TI - Localization and functional role of the pseudomonas bacteriophage 2 depolymerase. AB - The adsorption apparatus of phage 2 consits of a symmetrical base plate of snowflake appearance, composed of six droplike spikes 7.0 to 7.5 nm in length with a maximum diameter of 4.5 to 5.0 nm. The spikes are attached by their narrow ends to a central ring 7.0 to 7.5 nm in diameter. Phage 2 deopolymerase, a phage 2-induced hydrolytic enzyme, was found to be a structural protein of phage 2 or in close association with the base plate. Pdp1, a phage 2 mutant, possesses a polypeptide that is antigenically similar to the depolymerase, but devoid of hydrolytic activity. This polypeptide was found to be located in the region of the base plate of pdp1. Treatment of intact cells of strain BI with purified phage 2 depolymerase inhibited the adsorption of phage 2. When phage receptor containing fractions of slime glycolipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide were hydrolyzed by the depolymerase, amino sugars were released, and the phage inactivating activities of these fractions were lost. The depolymerase was also observed to induce the lysis of strain BI cells in hypotenic medium. The phage 2 depolymerase appears to play a role in adsorption and release of phage. PMID- 818409 TI - Molecular weight of bacteriophage PBS2 DNA. AB - The molecular weight of bacteriophage PBS2 DNA has been determined by viscoelastic retardation time experiments to be 1.50 x 10(8). PMID- 818410 TI - Genetic and physiological studies of abortive infections of hydroxymethyluracil containing bacteriophages in lysogens of temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO2. AB - Wild-type bacteriophage phie and IS (interference-sensitive) mutants of the related phage SP82G did not productively infect strains of Bacillus subtilis that were lysogenic for temperate phage SPO2. In these abortive infections, the sensitive phages adsorbed to and penetrated the nonpermissive host, phage directed macromolecular syntheses were initiated, but both viral and bacterial nucleic acid production abruptly stopped about 15 min after addition of the phages. The cessation of RNA and DNA synthesis was preceded or coincident with a reduction in oxygen utilization by the infected cultures. Genetic studies of both phie and SP82G suggest sensitivity to SPO2-mediated abortive infection was controlled by a single gene. A mutant of SPO2, SPO2ehp4-, lysogens of which no longer interfere with the development of SP82GIs, was also isolated. The discovery of this ehp- variant suggests the normal SPO2 prophage synthesized a substance that alters cell physiology in some manner detrimental to SP82GIs development. Since SPO2ehp4- grew on and lysogenized bacteria sensitive to wild type SPO2, the product of the eph gene was apparently not an essential function of this temperate phage.Overall, these observations exhibit remarkable similarities to the inhibition of T4rII mutants by the product of the rex gene of phage lambda. PMID- 818411 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa-fecal coliform relationships in estuarine and fresh recreational waters. PMID- 818412 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa rash associated with a whirlpool. AB - A generalized pruritic pustular rash was reported by 32 of 61 (53%) persons who had used the swimming pool and whirlpool at a Minnesota motel in March 1975. A questionnaire survey indicated that attack rates were highest in periods of heaviest bather load. The rash appeared 8 to 48 hours after exposure and resolved within seven days. No rash was reported by 37 motel guests who did not use the pool. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serogroup 11, was isolated from the skin lesions of two patients and from the water from both pools. Circumstantial evidence implicated the whirlpool as the most probable source of infection. Deficiencies in disinfecting equipment and technique were identified and corrected. PMID- 818413 TI - Decreased spleen size and increased neutrophils in patients with Felty syndrome. Effects of gold sodium thiomalate therapy. AB - Three patients with Felty syndrome were treated with gold sodium thiomalate. In all three, there was an increase in total numbers of peripheral blood neutrophils and total white blood cells, as well as marked clinical improvement of the arthritic complaints. In two patients there was a marked decrease in spleen size. PMID- 818414 TI - Hazardous gaseous distention of intestinal ballons. AB - Three cases of inadvertent inflation of balloons used to advance intestinal tubes have occurred in one hospital in the past 18 months. Two postoperative patients had Dennis tubes in the small bowel, in which the balloon vent became obstructed. The third patient had a sealed, mercury-filled finger cot weighting a feeder catheter used for enteral alimentation; after one week, the balloon rapidly inflated, causing intestinal obstruction at the level of the duodenum. PMID- 818415 TI - Backyard barbecue syndrome. Steak impaction in the esophagus. PMID- 818416 TI - Meningococcal arthritis. PMID- 818417 TI - [Clinical studies on gentamicin (author's transl)]. AB - Gentamicin (GM) was studied for on its antibacterial activity, absorption, and excretion, effect on the kidney and clinical effects. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibility of E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis to GM was almost the same between the periods of 1964 to 1966 and 1972 to 1974: No tendency of increase of resistance by year was noted. However, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strains showing sensitivity to a concentration of more than 25 mcg/ml were isolated in 12.7%, in the latter period (1972-1974), as compared with the former period (1964-1966), which was 0%. 2. Blood levels: The peak level of GM in blood was obtained at 30 minutes after intramuscular injection to a healthy human. The peak level was 7.6 mcg/ml with 40 mg dose, 8.7 mcg/ml with 60 mg and 10.6 mcg/ml with 80 mg, showing a dose responding curve. The half-life of GM absorption was 1.1 hours with 40 mg dose, 1.3 hours with 60 mg and 1.6 hours with 80 mg, showing also a dose related tendency. 3. Urinary levels: The peak level of GM in urine, about 200 mcg/ml, was noted in 0-2 hours after intramuscular injection of GM to a healthy human. The urinary recovery was about 44% in 6 hours. 4. Effect on the kidney: The effects of GM on the kidney was studied in rats administering 20 mg/kg once a day for 21 days consecutively. The results obtained are a slight increase (20 mg/dl) in BUN and a slight decrease (2,600 mosm/kg H2O) in urinary osmotic pressure; and urea lysozyme showed tendency to increase from the third day, the same as with kanamycin. Meanwhile, in the histopathological findings of the kidney tissue, the vacuolar degeneration and flattening of renal tubules were noted. Similar findings were obtained with kanamycin in a similar type of experiment. These results indicate that nephrotoxicity of GM is considered to be approximately the same as that of kanamycin. 5. CLINICAL RESULTS: GM was injected into 22 patients with various infectious diseases (respiratory tract infections 7, liver abscess 1, urinary tract infections 14). Excellent efficacy was noted in 7 patients, good in 13 and no effect in 2. The effective rate was 90.9%. No serious side effect was noted in this clinical trial. PMID- 818418 TI - [Clinical experience with gentamicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - 1) Gentamicin (GM) was intramuscularly injected to 1 patient with simple acute cystitis and to 21 patients with complicated chronic urinary tract infections in the doses of 40-160 mg per day for 3-12 days (mean: 5-2 days). 2) The clinical effect was excellent in 6, good in 9, poor in 7, which is classified as excellent in 1 with simple acute cystitis, good in 5 and poor in 5 out of 11 with complicated chronic cystitis, and excellent in 4, good in 4 and poor in 2 out of 10 with complicated chronic pyelonephritis. 3) In complicated urinary tract infections, the effective rate was 61.5% (8/13) in GM 80 mg/day dosage group and 75.0% (6/8) in GM 120 mg/day dosage group. 4) No abnormal change was noted in the kidney, liver and auditory function throughout this clinical study. 5) When GM therapy is conducted in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, it is considered that more favorable clinical results could be obtained with dosage of GM 120 mg/day or more. However, in this case a caution has to be paid to the kidney and auditory functions. PMID- 818419 TI - Further studies on the inheritance of Gm(m) in Japanese families. PMID- 818420 TI - Epidemiological survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese children. Identification and serological typing of the isolated strains. AB - An epidemiological investigation was carried out to identify and determine the serotypes of Streptococcus mutans from carious lesions of young Japanese children. For this purpose, a direct fluorescent antibody technique was mainly used. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies were prepared for the five known serotypes of S. mutans. Cross reactions and nonspecific reactions were eliminated by adsorption, counterstaining, or DEAE-cellulosecolumn chromatography. Agar-gel immunodiffusion was used to distinguish between serotypes a and d. The epidemiological survey suggested that serotype c strains were most prevalent in dental plaques of Japanese children. The d and e serotypes were rare and serotypes a and b were not detected. It was also noted that more than one serotype of S. mutans could be found in the same locus of a carious lesion and that there might be no relationship between the degree of caries and the causative serotype(s) of S. mutans. PMID- 818421 TI - The fine structure of reverting L-forms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 818422 TI - [On case studies: their significance in reevaluation of nursing actions]. PMID- 818423 TI - [On case studies: the importance of understanding of patients]. PMID- 818424 TI - [Importance of case studies in continued nursing education]. PMID- 818425 TI - [Objectives of clinical studies]. PMID- 818426 TI - [Establishment of individualized nursing through case studies]. PMID- 818427 TI - [Bedside nursing: rehabilitation nursing of a patient with epidural abscess]. PMID- 818429 TI - [Nursing conference. 4. Care of a diabetic patient with poor understanding of her clinical condition prior to discharge]. PMID- 818428 TI - [Bedside nursing. Changing position of a patient with malignant tumor extensively metastasizing to the spine and pelvis]. PMID- 818430 TI - [Interpersonal relations. 2. The life of Kamala, a wolf-girl. A topic concerning interpersonal relations]. PMID- 818431 TI - [Nursing of a patient with urination difficulties following osteotomy in arthrosis deformans of the hip joint]. PMID- 818432 TI - [Drug toxicity. 4. Chloroquine: ocular toxicity]. PMID- 818434 TI - [Nurse-patient relations. 1. Difference between casual and close observations]. PMID- 818433 TI - [Practice of at-home care. 3. Communication by blinking. A terminal case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treated at home]. PMID- 818435 TI - [Simple interpretation of the electrocardiogram. 4. Abnormal rhythms. 1. Intervals between the P wave and PR]. PMID- 818436 TI - [Pictorial presentation of transfer technics. 2. The aged patient. 2. Turning over on the bed (2)]. PMID- 818438 TI - [Home nursing of the aged, bed-ridden patient. Encouragement and persuasion for rehabilitation]. PMID- 818437 TI - [Patients at a psychiatric ward. 4. Antics of a patient called Rentaro Ono. (2)]. PMID- 818439 TI - [Clinical studies on the phosphatide kaolin agglutination test (author's transl)]. PMID- 818440 TI - [General and collateral coronary circulation during coronary artery occlusion]. PMID- 818441 TI - [Changes in the coronary blood flow rate during selective coronary angiography and nitroglycerin administration]. AB - The effect of selective coronary angiography on the amount of the coronary blood flow is discussed. The effect of sublingual nitroglycerin administration on the level of the coronary flow was also studied. The coronary flow was measured with the aid of intracoronary injection of Xe133 prior to selective coronary angiography, and on the 3rd, 6th and 10th minutes following the termination of the radiocontrast examination. The coronary blood flow was shown either to remain unchanged, or to decrease slightly on the 3rd minute after the termination of angiography, as compared with the value of this parameter prior to the examination. On the 6th minute some increase of the coronary flow is observed, on the average 12%, which subsequently returns to the initial level. Sublingual intake of nitroglycerin results in an increase of the coronary flow, both prior to and following coronary angiography. PMID- 818442 TI - [Results of Fali-lepsin therapy of cerebral convulsions in childhood]. PMID- 818443 TI - [Comparative studies of cold sterilization of transplantation tissues]. PMID- 818444 TI - [Tube feeding in the treatment of protein deficiency in children with surgical diseases]. PMID- 818445 TI - [Course od acute purulent diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 818446 TI - Diagnosis of pregnancy in marmosets: hemagglutination inhibition test and radioimmunoassay for urinary chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test kit was used for diagnosis of pregnancy in 17 marmosets. This hemagglutination inhibition test for urinary chorionic gonadotropin accurately indicated conception by positive responses in 72 and 76 specimens collected between the 4th and 10th wk following the estimated time of fertilization. The rate of false positive results did not exceed 1%. A radioimmunoassay system was used to quantify chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in urine. Detectable levels were present by the 2nd week of pregnancy. Peak chorionic gonadotropin levels were found between the 7th to 9th wk after conception. Chorionic gonadotropin excretion rates declined to undetectable levels during the final month of gestation. PMID- 818447 TI - A chronic implant for intracerebral mass spectrometric gasometry in the rhesus monkey. AB - A cranial implant was developed to facilitate mass spectrometric gasometry in cerebral tissue of conscious primates. It is permanently fixed to the skull and allows repeated introduction of a Teflon diffusion membrane into the cerebrum. The implant is simple to manufacture and mount. It has been tolerated well with repeated introduction of the catheter for more than 6 mo in 10 rhesus monkeys. The preparation avoids the complication and artifacts of an acute surgical preparation for investigation of cerebral pO2 and CO2. PMID- 818448 TI - The management of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) unit. AB - Biological, particularly reproductive data for the squirrel monkey were reviewed. Information was also given on the care, diet, maintenance, health status, and handling of the species. The value of squirrel monkey in research was discussed. It was concluded that a controlled monkey unit produces a more homogeneous population than one would find in a natural environment and does not deplete the natural populations. PMID- 818449 TI - The research animal and the significance of a health monitoring program. AB - The criteria for the selection of stocks and strains of laboratory animals were discussed. These include metabolic and environmental factors as well as the presence or introduction of infectious agents. The investigator is now concerned with his experimental animals from conception to death, not just during an experiment. The basis of a health monitoring program to ascertain the health status of incoming animals, to evaluate the status of the environment, and to document the ongoing status of an animal colony was outlined. The facilities of the Yale School of Medicine animal research space were detailed. PMID- 818450 TI - Animal models of arthritis. AB - The criteria for selecting and establishing a animal model for arthritis were described. Rats are the most frequently used animals. Adjuvant and Myocobacterium induced arthritis provide a model of chronic joint inflammation, although significant differences exist when compared with human disease. A better model of arthritis in rats and mice can be induced by the injection of one strain of Mycoplasma arthritidis. An even better model is presented by rabbits first immunized against a protein such as heterologous fibrin or albumin, and then challenged by the same protein injected directly into a joint. This results in a localized chronic arthritis pathologically similar to that of man. Arithritis can also be induced in rabbits by the injection of polymers such as chitinor or Concanavalin A into the joint. Although there is no lack of arthritis animal models, there is no animal model which gives a true replication of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 818451 TI - Ultrastructures of atypical acinar cell nodules in rat pancreas induced by 4 hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide. AB - A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide (4HAQO) to rats induces multiple atypical acinar cell nodules in the pancreas. In this study, the ultrastructure of cells in these nodules was examined at 6, 9, and 12 months, and the features were compared to those of developing embryonal pancreas. The cells in the nodules are exocrine acinar cells in type and exhibited several features which distinguish them from the nonnodular acinar cells. Irregular nuclear shape with enlarged nucleoli was frequently observed. Zymogen granules in the nodular cells appeared as vesicles with contents of extreme electrom lucency and their ultrastructural appearance was similar to those of developing embryonic pancreatic acinar cells at 16 and 18 days of gestation. At the cell periphery, the lateral cell membrane showed bizarre interdigitation and the ectoplasm showed hyaloplasmic rarefaction. These findings indicate that the acinar cell nodules induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide are composed of a new population of phenotypically altered acinar cells showing nuclear abnormalities, modified cell to cell interaction, and a possible defect in synthesis and/or maturation of secretory enzymes. The latter may indicate an arrest in the differentiation of acinar cells. The significance of these findings is discusses, and it is suggested that the atypical nodules in the pancreas induced by 4 hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide may represent early neoplastic foci. PMID- 818452 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in pregnancy: successful surgical correction. AB - Bacterial endocarditis, an extremely rare and serious complication during pregnancy, is almost always fatal to the fetus. This paper describes successful aortic valve replacement in a woman who was 22 weeks' pregnant. She had acute bacterial endocarditis with aortic insufficiency and severe congestive heart failure. At term, she was delivered of a live infant. We believe this is the first case of a fetus surviving such a complication. PMID- 818454 TI - [Motivation--neuropsychological views]. PMID- 818453 TI - Biochemistry of zinc. AB - The biochemistry of zinc has come under intensive investigation at the molecular level during the past 20 years. More than 70 zinc metalloenzymes are now known, and they span a broad range of biologic activities. Substitution of zinc by cobalt, for example, serves to locate a paramagnetic probe at the active site of the enzyme which can then provide information regarding the coordination properties of the metal and the active site environment. PMID- 818455 TI - Stimulation of microsomal N-demethylation by solubilized NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. PMID- 818456 TI - Insect and mammalian pheromones. AB - Novel organic chemicals, as well as many simple molecules, are used by insects as defensive materials. Social insects (e.g., ants and bees) utilize alarm pheromones consisting of terpenes and other smaller organic compounds. Moths and butterflies, as well as a few beetles, have been studied extensively for their sex attractants. Since the initial structure proofs of civetone and muscone by Ruzicka in 1926, little mammalian pheromone research has been published. Recently, deer, antelope, hyena, skunk, gerbil, monkey, and human scents have been investigated. PMID- 818457 TI - Editorial: Helpful information to health consumers. PMID- 818458 TI - The kinship between nurse researcher and practicing nurse. PMID- 818459 TI - Easing children's fright during health care procedures. PMID- 818460 TI - The multifaceted role of the nurse as genetic counselor. PMID- 818461 TI - A new way to get acquainted with the hospital - pediatric open house for well children. PMID- 818463 TI - Fitting a prenatal education program into the crowded inner city clinic. PMID- 818462 TI - Giving expectant parents the help they need: the ABCs of prenatal education. PMID- 818465 TI - Does it really matter what nurses wear in the intensive care unit? PMID- 818464 TI - What every ICU nurse should know about Reye's syndrome. PMID- 818466 TI - The emotional toll on nurses who care for comatose children. PMID- 818468 TI - Is family-centered care a myth? PMID- 818467 TI - Family-centered nursing makes a difference. PMID- 818469 TI - Comparing practice notes. PMID- 818470 TI - [Instrumentation-dosimetric prerequisites of intracavitary gamma therapy of cancer of the corpus uteri with sources of high activity]. PMID- 818471 TI - [Lung injury during radiation and combined treatment of bronchogenic cancer]. PMID- 818472 TI - [Sliding irradiation of brain tumors on a betatron]. PMID- 818474 TI - Some things your patients should know about drugs and drug prices. PMID- 818473 TI - [Transformation of the Bragg curve into the depth dose distribution of the given form]. PMID- 818475 TI - [Surgery of the biliary tract--history, and the developmental trends. III]. PMID- 818476 TI - [Deglutition disorders in congenital intrathoracic malformations]. PMID- 818477 TI - Pathophysiologic and pharmacologic alterations in the release and action of ADH. AB - The physiologic factors involved in vaseopressin (ADH) release and action are reviewed with emphasis on the interaction between osmotic and volume stimuli to the discharge of ADH. Abnormalities in reception of stimuli to ADH release, and in the impaired synthesis and release of ADH, are reviewed in relation to the causes of diabetes insipidus, and information on the biochemical changes which have been described in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is also discussed. We summarize the pathologic lesions and associated diseases found in 54 of our patients with diabetes insipidus. Criteria for establishing the diagnosis of diabetes insipdus are reviewed with emphasis on the dehydration test, including the importance of measuring plasma osmolality at the conclusion of water deprivation. Treatment of diabetes insipidus is briefly discussed with emphasis on the use of DDAVP and oral agents. The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is reviewed including our experience with 39 patients. The differential diagnosis of SIADH, including the value of water loading and the measurement of ADH levels, is discussed. We comment on treatment of these patients including the use of investigational drugs. Lastly, we review the pharmacologic features and clinical relevance of some drugs which alter the release and action of ADH. PMID- 818478 TI - Fine structure of optic disk and laminar monkey capillaries. PMID- 818479 TI - Trends in microvascular research. The microembolism syndrome. PMID- 818480 TI - [Acid-soluble nucleotides of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum during growth in light and in darkness]. AB - The content of acid-soluble nucleotides was different in the cells of non-sulphur purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, growing phototrophically under anaerobic conditions and aerobically under conditions of heterotrophic nutrition. The cells of the culture growing in the darkness contained more adenylic and guanylic nucleotides, and the total of reduced and oxidized NADP. The cells of the culture growing in the light contained more FMN. The cells of the "light" and "dark" cultures contained GTP dependent phosphopyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.32). The cells of the "light" culture, contrary to the "dark" culture, contained also pyrophosphate dependent phosphopyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.38). PMID- 818481 TI - [Continuous cultivation of hydrogen bacteria with multiple use of the medium]. AB - The possibility of continuous cultivation of hydrogen bacteria was studied in the conditions of recirculation of the medium. The hydrogen bacteria accumulated proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, organic and amino acids in the medium during its multiple reutilization, which however had no effect on the specific growth rate and the ability of the bactetia to oxidize molecular hydrogen. PMID- 818483 TI - [Dynamics of growth of mesophilic and thermophilic microflora from hot springs]. AB - Samples containing mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria from a natural thermal spring were inoculated into a medium made with the water of the same spring. The growth rate of the thermophilic microflora was higher but the mesophilic microflora produced more biomass than the thermophilic bacteria. PMID- 818482 TI - [Characteristics of oxygen metabolism in the obligate phototrophic blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis in darkness]. AB - The rate of endogenous respiration of the cells of Anabaena variabilis in the mineral medium in the darkness decreases gradually during 30 to 40 days and is then maintained at a low level. The rate of oxygen uptake was the same in the cells grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the darkness. The ability for oxygen evolution in the light is maintained in the anaerobic cells for a longer time, and the biomass yield and the content of phycocyanin in the cells decrease at a lower rate in anaerobic conditions. Therefore, under certain conditions of the medium, the processes related to the cell survival in the darkness are directed to preserve the photosynthesizing apparatus, and oxygen is a factor accelerating the death while anaerobic conditions delay destruction of the cells in the darkness. PMID- 818484 TI - Editorial: Viruses and heart disease. PMID- 818485 TI - The prevention of asthma--some basic needs. AB - The present attitude in Australia towards the treatment of asthma is reviewed and attention is drawn to the need for employment of more basic methods of prevention. The disease is not just a chest condition but a manifestation, in many if not in most cases, of a generalized weakness of sensitivity- the bronchi are simply shock organs where much of the action takes place. A plea is also made for a reappraisal of teaching about asthma and related diseases at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. PMID- 818486 TI - The emergency management of the diabetic at home. AB - The urgent admission to hospital of diabetic patients is often precipitated by hypoglycaemia, by vomiting or by ketoacidosis following cessation insulin therapy. By the use of simple agents, such as glucagon, lemonade and quick-acting insulin, such episodes can usually be averted in the early stages by the diabetic, his family and his doctor. These preventive measures keep the diabetic at work or at school and out of hospital, but require the provision of a simple emergency kit. PMID- 818488 TI - Editorial:The world health situation, 1969 to 1972. PMID- 818487 TI - The changing demographic pattern in asthma related to sex and age. A study of 13,651 patients on sodium cromoglycate (Intal). AB - A total of 13,651 patients diagnosed as suffering from asthma and who were prescribed Intal are reviewed with regard to age and sex. It is found that in infancy and the prepubertal ages, males far outnumber females. There is a changeover during the ages 14 to 20 years to female predominance. At 60 years of age and above there is an equality in proportions by sex. Observations are made on age limitations for Intal therapy. That a hormonal factor or imbalance of hormonal factors is present in asthma is suggested. PMID- 818489 TI - Evaluation of the Centrifichem system. AB - The general performance of a new rotary fast analyser, the Centrifichem system, has been evaluated as part of a field test programme. The instrument is easy to use and proves to be reliable, accurate and precise. The major advantages over other standard forms of instrumentation are its flexibility and economy in terms of labour and reagent costs. PMID- 818490 TI - A double-blind trial of perhexiline maleate in the prophylaxis of angina pectoris. AB - Perhexiline maleate, which has no beta adreno-receptor-blocking activity, has been suggested as an effective prophylactic agent for angina pectoris. The effects of perhexilline were compared with those of placebo by a double-blind crossover trial in seven patients with moderate to severe angina pectoris. Attack rates and glyceryl trinitrate consumption were significantly lower during the perhexilline phase than during the placebo phase of treatment. There was also a mild fall in resting heart rate. Three patients who had failed to respond to beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs, and one who had suffered reccurrence of symptoms after coronary artery surgery responded favourably to perhexiline. It thus appears that perhexiline maleate is an effective and potentially valuable agent in this condition. PMID- 818491 TI - [Obstructive airway diseases and their management using dinatrium cromoglicicum]. PMID- 818492 TI - [Airways obstruction and disodium-cromoglycate--a new therapeutic principle (Clinical aspects) (author's transl)]. AB - A short outline of the causes, pathology and genetic background of airways obstruction is presented in which the special importance of allergic and immune reactions is emphasised. The place of disodium-cromoglycate (DSCG) in treatment is shown to lie in interrupting the chain of events which leads to an asthmatic attack. The main field of application of this drug is in allergic asthma, but it also has a place in the treatment of other forms of labile airways obstruction where an allergic cause in not so obvious. Examples of this are given and the protective effect of DSCG on the irritable bronchial tree is also demonstrated. Dosage and technique of administration are described and it is shown that conventional drug therapy can be reduced when this drug is properly used. PMID- 818493 TI - [Letter: Atypical tuberculosis bacteria]. PMID- 818494 TI - [The prevention and treatment of post-operative and post-traumatic oedema. Chemical laboratory tests on the renal tolerance of beta-aescin (reparil) (author's transl)]. AB - Renal tolerance of the preparation beta-aescin (Reparil) was tested in cases of oedema following fresh soft tissue crush injuries of the extremities and surgical and reconstructive operations on the hand. Forty in-patients with healthy kidneys were treated with 10 mg beta-aescin intravenously twice daily for six days after operations on the hand and after accident surgery. During this period the following tests were carried out every day and two days after cessation of treatment: urea content in urine and serum, creatinine in serum, creatinine clearance, albumin in urine, urine osmolarity and blood and urine sugar. All values obtained were within the normal range. No impairment of total renal function was observed. Taking the stated dosage instructions and contra indications into consideration, beta-aescin can thus be administered without hesitation. PMID- 818495 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of insulin in patients with manifest diabetes mellitus as a guide for the planning of therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance test followed by combined intravenous glucose glibenclamid tolerance test were performed to differentiate between sulfonylurea dependent and insulin-dependent diabetics. As a criterion of sufficient sulfonylurea-induced insulin secretion the extent of the difference of the insulin secretion between both tests was taken. If the difference is more than 600/muE/h insulin treatment seems not to be necessary and oral treatment with sulfonylurea derivates seems to be successful. In comparison with the clinical course of 55 patients the criterion was right in 50 cases. 5 patients could not be classified by the clinical course. Their more-secretion of insulin was in between 200 and 550 muE/mlhour. PMID- 818496 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with beta-pyridylcarbinol. Experiences after long term treatment over 8 years (author's transl)]. AB - 78 patients with hypercholesterolemia were treated with beta-pyridylcarbinol from 1964 to 1966. In 1972 42 patients could be contacted again, 37 of them were reexamined. 14 of these 42 patients were still taking beta-pyridylcarbinol in 1972. Those who had taken more than 0.9 gm per day had a lower serum cholesterol level than in the beginning of the treatment in 1964. Clinical signs of atherosclerosis (angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease) were significantly less in this group of patients. Besides a few flush reactions or heartburn no side effects to treatment were noted. The two groups of patients, with whom the 14 were compared, included 9 who had been taking clofibrate since 1966 and 19 patients without drug treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Both groups had higher serum cholesterol levels than the group of 14 with beta pyridylcarbinol treatment over 8 years. PMID- 818497 TI - Editorial: Disseminated gonococcal infection. PMID- 818499 TI - Congenital left ventricular diverticulum. Part of a syndrome of cardiac anomalies and midline defects. PMID- 818498 TI - Long term anticoagulant therapy following myocardial infarction. PMID- 818500 TI - Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses. PMID- 818501 TI - Selective messenger translation by Bacillus subtilis ribosomes. AB - The in vitro B. subtilis protein synthesizing system is very restricted in its ability to translate E. coli phage messenger RNA's, specifically phage T4 RNA, even though it actively translates its proper mRNA species. In contrast, the E. coli system translates with similar efficiency mRNA from either source. The initiation factors from the two systems are functionally interchangeable. The 30S B. subtilis ribosomal subunit is responsible for the limited template specificity of the B. subtilis ribosomes. Although the efficiency of the T4RNA directed F Met tRNA binding by B. subtilis ribosomes is less than that of SPOI RNA-directed binding, the most restrictive step in the translation of T4RNA by B. subtilis ribosomes appears to be at the level of the formation of the first peptide bond, as measured by F Metpuromycin formation. PMID- 818502 TI - A micrococcin-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis: localization of resistance to the 50s subunit. AB - The 50S subunit is the site of action of the antibiotic micrococcin. In addition, B. subtilis strain mic-1, which is resistant to micrococcin, contains altered 50S subunits. PMID- 818503 TI - Thiostrepton-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis: localization of resistance to the 50S subunit. AB - A number of thiostrepton-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis were obtained. The thi mutations map proximally to strA. Effects of thiostrepton on polyphenylalanine synthesis with ribosomes of S-100 fractions from parent and mutant strains indicated that resistance was localized to the ribosomes. Furthermore, effects of thiostrepton on binding of [3H]GTP to ribosomes and 50S subunits from thiostrepton-sensitive and -resistant strains localized the site of resistance to the 50S subunit. In addition, revertants from thiostrepton resistance to thiostrepton-sensitivity were obtained. Ribosomes and 50S subunits from these thiostrepton-sensitive revertants were sensitive to thiostrepton similar to parental sensitive B. subtilis. PMID- 818504 TI - R factor variants with enhanced sex factor activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The R factor R68 readily promotes chromosome transfer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAT, but shows little such sex factor activity in strain PAO. A variant of this plasmid, R68.45, has been isolated which produces recombinants in PAO plate matings at frequencies of 10(-3)--10(-5) per donor cell for markers in the 0-60 min region of the chromosome. Little or nor chromosome transfer was shown in liquid media. The kinetics of chromosome transfer were studied by interrupting matings on solid media with nalidixic acid. Five chromosomal markers, mapping in widely spaced regions of the chromosome all entered 3-5 min after initiation of mating. These results, combined with linkage studies, indicated that R68.45, unlike the Pseudomonas sex factors FP2 and FP39, promotes chromosome transfer from a range of origin sites and can thus be used for mapping the region of the P. aeruginosa chromosome later than 40 min. R68.45 and other similar variants were isolated from rare chromosomal recombinants appearing in crosses between PAO(R68) donors and PAO recipients in which selection for ARGB+ was made. Selection for other chromosomal markers did not result in such variants suggesting that plasmides of the R68.45 type arise by recombination of genetic material between the R68 plasmid and certain regions of the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 818505 TI - Mapping of the gene specifying DNA polymerase III of Bacillus subtilis. AB - polC, the gene specifying the structure of the replication-specific DNA polymerase III of B. subtilis, was mapped by exploiting azp-12, a mutation conferring resistance to azopyrimidine which determines a mutant, azopyrimidine resistant enzyme. azp-12 was located in the area of the pyrA locus and is between spcB1 and recA1. azp-12 was linked by transformation to four other mutations which influence the in vitro behaviour of DNA polymerase III--polC25, polC26, mut 1(ts), and DNAF133; the close linkage of these five mutations strongly suggests that they are alleles of the same gene. PMID- 818506 TI - A four-stranded DNA from Bacillus subtilis which may be an intermediate in genetic recombination. AB - DNA of Bacillus subtilis strain UVSS 19--8M, of high ultraviolet sensitivity, was isolated after cultivating in medium containing bromouracil. Isopycnic banding in CsC1 shows an unusual pattern with four bands, including an extra one halfway between those for hybrid and for DNA of this band, amounting to 15--25% of the total DNA mass in one preparation, was isolated and investigated. The characteristics found for this DNA are in agreement with a four-stranded DNA unit similar to one of the structures postulated by Holliday as intermediates during genetic recombination. UVSS 19--8M from which this DNA has been isolated is shown to be defective for transformation and transfection, and can be regarded as rec-. PMID- 818507 TI - [Dietetic treatment of chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 818508 TI - [Useful information on exchange and humidification of air in rooms (author's transl)]. AB - The physical and also to some extent physiological facts which underlie the quality of the air we breathe-primarily exchange and humidification of the air in rooms - are presented to make clear what hygienic significance is attributable to these climatic factors. It is essentially a matter of the air in densely populated rooms, particularly under the complicating conditions of the cold and cool seasons. The ways which can be adopted to make the indoor climate tolerable by economic and technically simple means are shown. For this, the co-operation of all offices of the civil service is absolutely necessary to promote the quality of this vital condition of the air in rooms. PMID- 818509 TI - [Eight years experience of pain clinics (author's transl)]. AB - The first pain clinic in Japan was organized and operated by anesthesiologists at the University of Tokyo. Today, many universities and large hospitals have set up pain clinics in their anesthetics department and have made great progress in the management of diseases in this filed. Almost all those institutions use oriental methods like acupuncture, ryodoraku and kyo in addition to standard methods. At our pain clinic, nerve block has been the sole method from the beginning. Neither drugs (except carbamazepine, imipramine and ergotamine) nor oriental methods have been used. The pain clinic ought to be separated from the anesthetics department and operated independently, having its own wards. PMID- 818510 TI - [Complications in the central nervous system in the treatment of epileptics with hydantoins (author's transl)]. AB - Undesirable and usually reversible side effects in the treatment of convulsive diseases with preparations containing hydantoin most frequently arise as cerebellar atactic syndromes and more seldom in extrapyramidal hyperkinesias, parkinsonisms, manifold "encephalitic" forms, hemiplegias and abnormalities in the EEG, among others. The differential diagnosis of the reversible psychopathological and the rare irreversible (defect) syndromes is often difficult. The problems of correlation between psychoses arising from epilepsy and electroencephalographic parameters are pointed out and it is emphasized that the relation between the frequency of a convincing therapeutic effect and the frequency of manifestation of threatening intolerances remains relatively favorable for the hydantoins. PMID- 818511 TI - [Ventilation aerosol therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Ventilation aerosol therapy (a combination of intermittent positive pressure artificial respiration with aerosol therapy) produces a mechanical support for the breathing, achieves an effective aerosol action and promotes expectoration. It makes possible an effective treatment of inflammatory and obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases. The expense of apparatus and personnel for this method of treatment can only become rational and more economical for the large number of outpatients and hospitalized patients by taking advantage of a special department. The functional areas of such a ventilation aerosol department should be: outpatient department for artificial respiration, bedside artificial respiration and aerosol, ward for ventilation aerosol therapy and ventilation aerosol therapy under supervision and intensive care. PMID- 818512 TI - [Walter Bungeler: 75 years]. PMID- 818513 TI - [Editorial: Coronary arteriography. Significance, method, hazards indications]. PMID- 818514 TI - [The endocrine pancreas. From the isolated islet to the "artificial pancreas" (author's transl)]. AB - The endocrine function of the pancreas consists of the promotion of storage of nutritive substances after meals through the liberation of insulin and to guarantee the mobilization of this food energy through the secretion of glucagon during fasting. Increased hormone production may result from tumors of the islet cells (insulin: insulinoma; glucagon: glucagonoma; gastrin: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). An absolute or relative insulin deficiency is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus, in which a relative hyperglucagonemia is also of possible pathophysiological significance. This increased secretion of glucagon can be suppressed by somatostatin. While the clinical application of somatostatin in diabetes mellitus seems problematic at present, the use of a glucose-controlled system of insulin infusion ("artificial pancreas") makes possible a metabolic state approaching the healthy condition. PMID- 818515 TI - [Progressive necrotizing otitis externa in diabetics with disorders of the cerebral nerves (author's transl)]. AB - The disease occurs without exception in elderly diabetics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pyocyaneus) is always found in the secretion. In our reported case of a 71-year old man appeared in addition to a fetid, festering, granulating otitis externa, disturbances of swallowing, hoarseness and severe occipital headaches appear after five months. Neurologically, the N. glossopharyngeus, the N. recurrens and the N. hypoglossus were shown to be paretic. The inflammatory process has pushed forward via the bone of the auditory meatus on to the base of the skull to the jugular foramen and the foramen lacerum. Surgical removal of the inflammatory changes and subsequent treatment with carbenicillin is recommended as the treatment of choice. PMID- 818516 TI - [Regression of endemic goiter in South Baden (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of goiter and its dependence on the size of the locality are examined in a cross-section of 3.933 people living in South Baden (2.202 natives, 1.731 immigrants) and the results compared with our findings in 1963 obtained under the same conditions. In 1973 only 24.3% of the native population examined had a euthyroid goiter compared with 47.0% in 1963. The incidence of goiter has also decreased by about half among the immigrant population. In 1973 9.4% more people with goiter could be found among the native population than among the immigrants. In the larger towns, the frequency of goiter among the native population fell between 1963 and 1973 from about 40% to less than 20% and in country areas from about 60% to 40%. The total frequency of goiter cases among the immigrant population in country areas fell from about 40% to 30% and in the immigrants to towns from 20% to 10%. PMID- 818517 TI - [Immunglobulins G, A, M, and E in lymphogranulomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - IgG, IgA and IgM were determined in 68, and IgE in 30 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Their relation to the dissemination stage, histological type, clinical stage and peripheral lymphocytes as well as the correlation of IgE to the peripheral eosinophils was investigated. In the untreated collective all Ig concentrations were above normal, but in the treated patients only IgG and IgE. With increasing dissemination, there was a decline of IgG, IgA and IgM in both groups which, however, was only significant for IgM. IgM was lowered in the lymphocytopenic type, raised in nodular sclerosis. There is a confirmed correlation between the absolute peripheral lymphocytes and IgM and between the peripheral eosinophils and IgE. IgE and IgA are slightly and IgM significantly lowered in the treated compared with the untreated patients. The findings suggest a disturbance of the humoral immunity in stage IV, in the lymphocytopenic type and in the treated patients. PMID- 818519 TI - [Laudatio for Hugo Spatz]. PMID- 818518 TI - [Creatine kinase and intramuscular application of drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of infarcts has been improved by inclusion of serum enzyme determinations, among other things. The determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) plays a particular role in hospital routine. In the present paper, the effect of intramuscular application of drugs on the serum CPK values is investigated. It is shown that an intramuscular injection is followed by a rise of serum CPK to pathological levels, so that CPK determination loses its significance in differential diagnosis. PMID- 818520 TI - [The memories of Hugo Spatz]. PMID- 818521 TI - [Editorial: Infections under modern therapy]. PMID- 818522 TI - [Change of bacterial flora during chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Biological side effects, which are particularly characterized by a change of bacterial flora, appear during chemotherapy, and are dependent on the mode of action of the different substances. While shifts in the germ count of skin flora have no great importance, gram-negative bacilli, especially enterobacteriaceae, multiply in the flora of the nose and throat, particularly after administration of beta-lactam antibiotics. These changes usually revert to normal in a short time after the antibiotic has been discontinued. Considerably more important are the changes in the flora of the large intestine, sensitive species being eliminated and resistant strains, usually R factor carriers, become selected. These organisms then play an important part in hospital cross-infection. This state of affairs can only be controlled by specific selection of chemotherapeutic agents and strict observance of all disinfectant measures. PMID- 818523 TI - [Change of pathogen in infections since 1958 (author's transl)]. AB - Infections with proteus, pseudomonas, klebsiella and enterococci have increased significantly in the period of this report. The question of hospital hygiene, especially in intensive care wards, must therefore be given increased attention. Uncritical prophylaxis and treatment with antibiotics must be rejected. Attempts to improve the cellular and humoral defense of patients with reduced resistance would be worth while. To achieve progress, there must be a close co-operation between specialists in infection, hygienists, microbiologists, pharmacologists and immunologists. The activity of the specialists in infection is no longer exclusively confined to the isolated "epidemic ward", but includes advising clinicians in the various departments with regard to control of infection in the widest sense, and consequently a close co-operation with all clinical medical disciplines. PMID- 818524 TI - [Change of form of septicaemic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - As to pathogens causing septicaemic diseases, the era of antibiotics has brought about a shift from gram-positive cocci to gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. 628 septicaemic infections verified by haemocultures were evaluated from January 1, 1960 until March 31, 1975. Septicaemic complications in haemodialyses originated either from infections of the shunt or of the dialytic system, or septicaemia occurred as a result of infusion. In 110 patients presenting myeloid insufficiency, the pathogen ranking first was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by E. coli and Klebsiellae. The entire spectrum of facultatively pathogenic bacteria is capable of causing septicaemic complications in myeloid insufficiency. Postoperative endocarditis may be particularly serious and problematical. PMID- 818525 TI - [Infectious diseases in geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Among the patients of a geriatric hospital, syphilis occurred 120 times, particularly in the late stages and typhoid fever and salmonelloses (chronic carriers) 93 times, in 11 years. Bacterial infections were relatively rare, virus infections on the other hand played a considerable role. Active tuberculosis was only found in 44 of 4219 patients. A previously unrecognized active tuberculosis was found 21 times in 1376 autopsies (0.15%) while in the more complete statistics of autopsies it is found in from 1.85-11%. PMID- 818526 TI - [Virus infections during immunosuppression (author's transl)]. AB - Virus infections during immunosuppression are like those with congenital defective immunity. Humoral and cellular immunity and interferon production are affected. In children the primary infection is prominent, in adults the reactivation. Cytomegaly, varicella, herpes and herpes simplex are given as examples of virus infections due to treatment. If the lymphocyte count falls below 500/ml, the virus infection threatens to become generalized. The possibilities of effective therapy are still very small at present. Warning is given against the use of cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 818527 TI - [Endangering hospital patients to infection by therapeutic measures (author's transl)]. AB - About 5% of all patients fall ill with anosocomial infection, i.e. one acquired in hospital. Among the principal causes of this are therapeutic measures which lead to an increased exposure of patients to organisms (soiled artificial respiration equipment, venous catheters, urinary catheters etc.) and to a raised disposition in the patients due to reduction of endogenous defense (cytostatic therapy, corticoids irradiation, operations etc.). Cross infections are largely transmitted on the hands of doctors and nursing personnel. The detection, prevention and control of hospial infections by specially trained personnel (hospital infection officers, specialist hygiene nurses, hospital hygiene committees) is absolutely necessary and justified for economic reasons alone. PMID- 818528 TI - [Letter: Endemic (Balkan) nephropathy in Bulgaria. Munch. med. Wschr. 115 (1973) 537]. PMID- 818529 TI - [Letter: Questions on acupuncture. Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975) 1861]. PMID- 818530 TI - [Diagnosis and first dressings of vascular injuries in emergency calls (author's transl)]. AB - With vascular injuries, both the first measures at the site of the accident and also rapid transport (helicopter) to a central specialized hospital with possibilities for vascular surgical care are of decisive importance for the maintenance of life and limb of the patient. From our experience in 169 patients with vascular injuries which were treated between 1967 and 1975, observation of the diagnostic and therapeutic measures described is of the greatest importance for the prognosis of vascular trauma. PMID- 818531 TI - [The emergency doctor and neurosurgery (author's transl)]. AB - The constant improvement in the medical care of craniocerebral injuries requires the introduction of an emergency ambulance accompanied by an experienced doctor. The doctor carries out the decisive first aid at the scene of the accident and decides which hospital department the injured person shall be transferred to. Open craniocerebral injuries and intracranial hemorrhages must be taken directly into a neurosurgical department. Two-thirds of the craniocerebral injuries were acute subdural and epidural hematomas, the remaining third comprised the open craniocerebral injuries. The treatment demands great operative experience and teamwork between the doctors of neighboring specialist fields. The introduction of an emergency ambulance with a doctor included in the team has led to improvement of the chances of healing and surival of severely injured patients. PMID- 818533 TI - [10 years of the ""Munich Emergency Mechical Service: Organization and technic]. AB - On March 30, 1966 an ""emergency doctor'' on duty with the Munich Fire Brigade for the first time rushed to the scene of an accident -- and an organized medical emergency service in Munich was born. Starting with the most modest resources, this service developed to an institution the non-existence of which in the greater Munich area would be inconceivable. Operating from 7 rescue bases fully manned round the clock, the "Munich Medical Emergency Service" together with the "flying doctor" in the rescue helicopter and with the day-and-night emergency service of the association of general practitioners guarantees an optimum medical first aid in the city and rural district of Munich. Originally conceived as a special medical emergency service for accidents, the aid given by the "Fire Brigade Doctors" in emergency situations was increasingly called for in cases of acute critical diseases-during the 10 years of its existence in more than 90.000 cases. PMID- 818532 TI - [Puncture techniques in emergency medicine (author's transl)]. AB - In order to be able to carry out effective emergency medicine outside the hospital, knowledge of some of the important puncture techniques is essential. Sometimes injection and infusion is required under difficult conditions, and sometimes decompression punctures are the vitally decisive interventions. Among these are central venous access via the subclavian vein, intracardial injection, decompression puncture in cardiac tamponade, relief of tension pneumothorax, cannulation of the trachea and relief of mediastinal emphysema. These interventions are outlined according to indication, technique and complications. PMID- 818534 TI - [Ten years of emergency medical service in Munich. Experiences and results]. AB - The emergency ambulances of the emergency medical service in Munich have been called out on 89,748 occasions. From the point of view of the specialties involved, internist emergencies were the most frequent with more than half the calls. One fifth of the emergencies were street accidents, occupational and domestic accidents. Genuine saving of life was possible in 1.3% of the cases. Vital functions were disturbed in 10% of all emergencies. With increasing popularity, the emergency ambulance is called to every urgent medical case, because it appears for every patient with unsurpassed reliability and speed. Herein lies the dangers of misuse and decreasing efficiency of an organization originally conceived only for victims of street accidents. PMID- 818535 TI - [Editorial: Position and significance of emergency medicine]. PMID- 818536 TI - [The problems of the various characteristics of drug abuse (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of the epidemiology and health policy factors of drug abuse calls for a differentiation of various types of abuse. From the total of habitually used drugs, a steady increase is seen in the quota of tranquilizers, while there has been a regressive trend with analgesics. It is difficult to objectify the dependence potential of powerful analgesics and to assess the general significance of their abuse since there are no well-founded epidemiological studies. In order to guarantee the proper use of such substances, it is necessary to strictly consider possible hazards to individual health and the risk factors for public health on the one hand and of the therapeutic benefit on the other. PMID- 818537 TI - [Tilidin (Valoron) abuse. Results of an enquiry of drug consumers (author's transl)]. AB - Contrary to previous clinical reports tilidin (Valoron), valuable as a strong analgesic, can replace opiates in young people addicted to them. In the drug scene, therefore, Valoron - very often through irresponsible medical prescription - has become a substitute for opiates. The results of an enquiry about Valoron abuse in 44 opiate addicts are reported. Four cases of isolated Valoron addiction are included which were indistinguishable from the typical career of an opium addict. Further cases of Valoron abuse, estimated at 600, have been mentioned to us, partly by name and partly by number. Doctors and pharmacists are urgently advised to treat Valoron with the same caution prescribed for opiates by the Betaubungsmittelgesetz (= Narcotics Act). PMID- 818538 TI - [Transsexuality-medical and legal aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Transsexuals have a subjective conviction that they belong to the opposite sex and demand a change of sex. They suffer mainly from lack of understanding in their environment. In the German Federal Republic the legal problem of transsexuals has become a legislative one through the verdict of the Bundesgerichtshof of 21.9. 1971. By contrast, pragmatical solutions have been found in the United States during the last 10 years, particularly since Gender Identity Clinics came into existence. The etiology of transsexualism is unknown. The most reliable diagnostic test is the two-year test, living practically in the desired sex. Counselling, hormonal and surgical therapy do not constitute a cure, but rehabilitation. At the present time these are the only measures to help transsexuals. PMID- 818539 TI - [Group therapy in clinical practice (author's transl)]. AB - Not only the large number of mental problem patients and the necessity of institutionalized mental care arising therefrom justifies carrying through open patient groups in the medical clinic. In addition, the groups offer specific starting points, even within a closely restricted period of time, to set in motion psychosociodynamic learning processes and to overcome acute crisis situations. Group work can be a substantial step on the road from disease-and symptom centered medicine to a patient centered medicine. Experiences with an open patient group are described in which 77 patients took part within one year. PMID- 818540 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson's syndrome with L-dopa and L-carbidopa (author's transl)]. AB - In a clinical investigation on the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome it is shown that a combination of L-dopa with decarboxylase inhibitor (L-carbidopa) shows advantages compared to treatment with L-dopa alone. To achieve the same therapeutic effect a quarter of the dose is sufficient; the good tolerance, even in relation to the digestive and cardiovascular apparatus, permits the use of relatively larger daily doses. The favorable action appears more quickly. The effect of the treatment can be potentiated by pyridoxine. The only disadvantage is the fairly frequent occurrence of hyperkinesia, especially of oral automatism. But treatment does not need to be broken off because of this. PMID- 818541 TI - [Tobramycin sensitivity of bacteria from the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group (author's transl)]. AB - In 300 strains of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group which were isolated from pathological material from the Bonn University Hospitals in early 1975, the sensitivity to tobramycin was investigated comparatively in a serial dilution test and agar diffusion test. 80% of the strains were seen to be classifiable as sensitive and further 3% as moderately sensitive. The rate to resistance corresponds to that of gentamycin. No difference in resistance behaviour was ascertained in the two bacterial species investigated. However, strains isolated from the urogenital tract are significantly more resistant than pathogens isolated from the respiratory tract. PMID- 818542 TI - [The leading picture of the urologist]. PMID- 818543 TI - [Characteristic features of infections in hemoblastoses under cytostatic treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Infections and/or severe hemorrhages are the reasons for the unfavorable prognosis in patients with myeloid insufficiency. Hemorrhagic complications may be reduced by thrombocyte transfusions and substitution of coagulation factors; the prevention and treatment of infections represents great problems in spite of newly developed broad spectrum antibiotics. A comparison is made between the therapeutic results of 11 patients treated in sterile units and 22 patients treated under conventional conditions. The rate of remission was seen to be 64% in the first group and 28% in the second. PMID- 818544 TI - [Significance of infection in artificial heart valves and in vessel transplantation]. PMID- 818545 TI - [Preventive antibiotic therapy in intensive care units?]. PMID- 818546 TI - [Fungal infection after antibiotic therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The increasing use of antibacterial chemotherapy in the last four decades encourages the commensal colonization of man by candida yeasts. The sites of particular commensal colonization are the oropharyngeal cavity and the intestinal tract. They are the principal reservoirs from which candida infections can settle into other regions and organs. The metastasis of candida yeasts from the commensal reservoir into regions which are free of microorganisms in healthy persons, usually needs a stimulant noxa: an eliciting bacterial infection, a consumptive primary disease, immunosuppressive therapy among other factors. In the event of candida infection being superimposed on a bacterial infection, successful antibacterial chemotherapy may lead to a remission of the mycosis by removal of the primary noxa. PMID- 818547 TI - [Mycoses following destructive processes of respiratory organs]. PMID- 818548 TI - [The effect of modern therapy on the course of purulent meningitides (author's transl)]. AB - No fundamental change in the pathogen spectrum of purulent meningitis in adults has occurred between 1951 and 1974. It should be noted, however, that there is an increase in gram-negative pathogens. The lethality has in fact decreased during the period of observation, but the prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis has not been decisively improved by high dosage therapy with penicillin or ampicillin. PMID- 818549 TI - [Interferon]. PMID- 818550 TI - [Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: diaplacental transmission]. PMID- 818551 TI - [Editorial: Therapy with antibiotics--advantage and risk]. PMID- 818553 TI - [The infected total prosthesis of the hip joint. Clinical symptoms]. PMID- 818552 TI - [Mechanics and type of prosthesis. Biomechanical considerations on the problem of clearance of hip prostheses (author's transl)]. AB - To an increasing extent the total replacement of a hip joint damaged by disease or trauma is increasing in importance. Yet the implantation systems in use at the present time show defects which lead to increased rates of reoperation. In particular, the reactions at the implantation-tissue limiting surface must be specially mentioned. A number of technical parameters are therefore discussed which arise as possible causes for prosthesis clearance. PMID- 818554 TI - [Osteonecroses following corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 818556 TI - [The humeral epicondylitis]. PMID- 818555 TI - [Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in childhood. Complications, possibilities of treatment and late results (author's transl)]. AB - At the Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Koln-Lindenthal, 103 children were treated for supracondylar fracture of the humerus from 1955 to 1975. The method of choice for treatment was Baumann's vertical suspension. Lesions of the brachial nerve were found to be the primary complication in 7% of the children and circulatory disorders in 10%. While the nerve injuries were treated conservatively, except for one case, 9 children had to be operated on because of ischemia of the forearm. The circulatory disorders could be rectified by thrombectomy and reconstruction of the brachial artery. In one child in whom the indication for operative revision in good time was missed, an ischemic muscle contracture developed. PMID- 818557 TI - [Successful reimplantation of a completely separated thumb (author's transl)]. AB - Successful reimplantation of a completely amputated thumb is described. The guiding principles to which attention must be paid for a successful reimplantation, particularly with regard to transport of the amputated part are emphasized. PMID- 818559 TI - [Editorial: Joint replacement]. PMID- 818558 TI - [The post-traumatic renal failure in 2 children following therapy with beta escin]. PMID- 818560 TI - X-ray induction of chromatid interchanges is somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster: variations through the cell cycle of the pattern of rejoining. AB - The relative frequencies of X-ray-induced symmetrical and asymmetrical chromatid interchanges were analysed as a function of the cell cycle in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. In exchanges between autosomes, during the S phase, a clear prevalence of asymmetrical rejoining was observed. Later, this prevalence became reduced as the cell approached mitosis. On the other hand, in the exchanges between X-chromosomes in the females there were no significant variations in the type of rejoining through the cell cycle, there being a slight but consistent preference for symmetrical rejoining. These data are discussed in relation to the hypothesis proposed by Olivieri et al. [12] on the organization of the chromosomal sub-units in the interphase nucleus. PMID- 818561 TI - The effect of caffeine on repair systems in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Irradiated males were mated to females that had received treatment with caffeine or honey (by feeding), and the frequencies of sex-chromosome losses and chromosome rearrangements induced in mature spermatozoa of the males were compared. Caffeine treatment led to an enhancement of the frequencies of sex chromosome loss and a decrease in those of rearrangements. These findings can be interpreted on the assumption that caffeine inhibits repair and misrepair processes that are active in the oocytes. Caffeine treatment administered to one of the female stocks used in these studies was without any effect, presumably because of the absence of a caffeine-sensitive repair mechanism in the oocytes. PMID- 818562 TI - Protein-sparing therapy in postoperative patients. Effects of added hypocaloric glucose or lipid. AB - In patients receiving hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition, protein sparing with infusions of amino acids alone is alleged to occur because low insulin levels allow mobilization of endogenous fat. Four groups of patients studied for their first four postoperative days received all their nutrition parenterally as: 150 g per day of glucose, protein (as amino acids, 1 g per kilogram per day) alone, protein plus 50 g per day of soybean-oil emulsion or protein plus 150 g per day of glucose. All groups of patients receiving protein had lesser negative nitrogen balance than patients receiving glucose alone. The addition of glucose to protein did not increase negative nitrogen balance. The protein-sparing effect of amino acids appears to be a function of the infused amino acids alone and is not related to the degree of endogenous fat mobilization. PMID- 818564 TI - Letter: ECG changes in Fabry's disease (cont.). PMID- 818563 TI - Editorial: Intravenous nutrition: fact and fancy. PMID- 818566 TI - Biological value of the biomass and protein isolates from different yeasts. AB - The microbiological analysis with the test-organism Tetrahymena pyriformis W can be used successfully to measure the relative nutritive value of the biomass and protein isolates from different yeasts for screening the groups of micro organisms to choose those of the desired quality. In general, this method is rapid, comparatively cheap and gives the possibility to test large numbers of samples simultaneously. According to the literature and our own results, the relative nutritive value, the percentage of absorbed "N", retained by test organism and used for its growth and multiplication expressed as cell count and given in relation to a standard protein (casein) is generally in a good agreement with results obtained with animals. This microbiological method is promising for investigating the influence of certain technological operations on the quality of protein. The investigation has been performed by the use of Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of fodder yeast Candida, grown on oil hydrocarbons and on wood hydrolysates, yeasts Hansenula and Mycoderma, grown on a medium containing ethanol as the sole carbon source. The best results were obtained with the yeast grown on the ethanol-containing medium. The biological value of the biomass of yeast Hansenula is 91% and of protein isolate 96% as related to casein as the standard protein. PMID- 818568 TI - Infection of a cell line of mouse L fibroblasts with scrapie agent. PMID- 818565 TI - Letter: Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 818567 TI - [Modification of proteins by reaction with carbonyl compounds]. AB - The authors deal with chemical and physico-chemical changes in casein and vegetable globulins after reaction with aldehydes or acylation with carboxylic acid chlorides and anhydrides. The stepwise blocking of the alpha- and epsilon amino groups leads to modified proteins with lowered isoelectric points and changes in the solubility and precipitability characteristics and in the electrophoretic behaviour. There are relationships between the relative nutritive value (as determined by means of Tetrahymena pyriformis) and the blocking of lysine. On acylation of the protein, the relative nutritive value is influenced by the length of the acyl residue and the kind of modification (N or O-blocking). PMID- 818569 TI - Extremely low frequency, weak electric fields affect schedule-controlled behaviour of monkeys. PMID- 818570 TI - Simulation in vitro of bovine host cycle of Theileria parva. PMID- 818571 TI - Enzyme replacement therapy by fibroblast transplantation in a case of Hunter syndrome. PMID- 818573 TI - [Letter: Discussion contribution to the article "Extrapyramidal symptoms during Clozapin therapy. A case contribution" by S. Doepp and C. Buddeberg, Nervenarzt 46, 589-590 (1975)]. PMID- 818572 TI - [Pyknoleptic petit mal and secondary grand mal]. PMID- 818574 TI - Auditory sequence discrimination in Macaca mulatta: the role of the superior temporal cortex. PMID- 818575 TI - The world around us: neural command function for selective attention. PMID- 818576 TI - The role of acid hydrolases in demyelination. PMID- 818577 TI - A small virus-like agent found in association with multiple sclerosis material. PMID- 818578 TI - Multiple sclerosis: attempts to demonstrate altered immune responses and viruses. PMID- 818579 TI - An attempt to isolate viruses from multiple sclerosis and neuro-Behcet disease in Japan. PMID- 818580 TI - Encephalomyelitis induced by paramyxovirus in nonhuman primates with a special reference to possible viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 818581 TI - Quality of health care--a national issue. PMID- 818582 TI - Pharmaceutical services provided to outpatients by United States Military, Public Health Service, and Veterans Administration Hospitals. PMID- 818583 TI - Droperidol in obstetrics: a double-blind study. PMID- 818585 TI - Pattern of psychiatric illness in the Nigerian army. PMID- 818584 TI - A contact lens for the treatment of color vision defects. PMID- 818586 TI - Predicting suicide gestures in a naval recruit population. PMID- 818587 TI - Acute histoplasmosis in a military housing area: case reports with pulmonary function studies. PMID- 818588 TI - Bilateral pulmonary artery obstruction due to fibrosing mediastinitis: case report. PMID- 818589 TI - Temporary visual loss secondary to simulator bomb blast: case report. PMID- 818590 TI - Editorial: Whither AMSUS? PMID- 818591 TI - Utilization of intravenous maltose. AB - Ten healthy male subjects received an infusion of 10% maltose solution at a rate of 0.5 g/kg body weight/h for 345 min. Blood maltose levels rose continuously for the first hours; after 285 min a constant level was maintained. Concomitantly increasing maltosuria occurred; the total renal maltose excretion averaged 30.4% of the administered dose. In addition to maltose losses, considerable glucosuria (up to 16% of total carbohydrate excretion) was found. The glucosuria occurred in spite of normal blood glucose levels. Serum insulin did rise during maltose infusion. PMID- 818592 TI - Sporoza in animals with particular reference to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis. PMID- 818593 TI - [Stages of ossification of the femoral head in children under 1 year of age]. PMID- 818594 TI - [Determination of glomerular filtration in children by Yb-169-EDTA clearance]. PMID- 818595 TI - [Genetic studies on the offspring of a pair of siblings]. PMID- 818597 TI - [Pancreas transplantation and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 818596 TI - [Our observations on diabetics treated with glibenclamide]. PMID- 818598 TI - A study of light and heavy chain distribution in a number of myeloma proteins. PMID- 818599 TI - Immunoassays of Acanthamoeba castellanii plasma membranes. Preliminary results. AB - To facilitate future diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infections in man, studies have been initiated to elicit antibodies to purified membranes from Acanthamoeba species. Specifically in this communication, preliminary results are reported on A. castellanii. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent analyses suggest that the membrane antisera may allow specific identification at the species level and possibly strain identification. PMID- 818601 TI - Proliferation of synovial tissue cells in rats with adjuvant disease. AB - Proliferation of synovial lining cells and fibroblasts in adjuvant arthritis of rats was investigated by autradiographic methods. As manifestation of the generalized experimental disease increased labelling rates of both cell types were found in all joints. While in the knee joint this cellular proliferation was of a short duration, it progressed in the ankle joint until the joints were destroyed. It is concluded that increased cellular proliferation is an important mechanism leading to joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 818600 TI - [Rheological and biochemical properties of sputum. Role of infection (author's tansl)]. AB - Rheological and biochemical changes in sputum following repeated bronchial infections have been studied in six chronic bronchitics. Secretory IgA (IgAs) in the sputum decrease and serumalbumin increases as the number of acute bronchial infection episodes increases. Rheological properties of sputum follow a comparable course to that of secretory IgA. The decrease of the ratio-IgA-serum albumin and the loss of the viscoelastic properties of sputum reflect the non functional state of the bronchial mucosa. These changes may be considered as possible important factors altering mucus clearance and therfore favoring chronic bronchial obstruction. PMID- 818602 TI - [The serological behaviour of the pyogenic anaerobes, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus and P. prevotii (author's transl)]. AB - Using rabbit antisera against whole-cell adjuvant-free antigens, the serological behaviour of ten butyrate-producing Peptococcus strains, five belonging to P. asaccharolyticus and five to P. prevotii, was studied in cross-agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments. Agglutination occurred in all the homologous and nearly one third of the heterologous antigen-antibody systems. Cross-reactions, however, were clearly restricted to members of the same Peptococcus species. PMID- 818603 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch. Influence of inhibitors and inducers of alkaline phosphatase. AB - Squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the hamster cheek pouch with 9,10 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. The process of carcinogenesis was inhibited by phenylphosphate, an inducer of alkaline phosphatase. Orthophosphate and l phenylalanine, which inhibit alkaline phosphatase, had a promoting effect on tumor formation. The results are in accordance with those of previous studies on the effect of inducers of alkaline phosphatase on chemical carcinogenesis. The effect of the studied substances on carcinogenesis was apparently unrelated to the presence of phenyl or phosphate groups or of steroid rings. The tumor inhibition or promotion seemed to be related to the potential of the tested substances to induce or inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 818604 TI - Progressive genetic-metabolic diseases of the central nervous system in children. PMID- 818605 TI - The immunoglobulins. PMID- 818606 TI - The cerebral lipidoses. AB - The disorders presented consist of those clinical entities in which a reasonably well defined lipid storage material accumulated within nervous tissue. Many other progressive, degenerative disorders are suspected of being storage disorders, but their chemical pathology remains unclear. Collectively this group could be designated the sphingolipidoses. In each case, the disease is a genetic disturbance and transmitted as an autosomal recessive. Sphingolipid storage in each disorder is associated with deficient activity of a specific degradative enzyme or enzyme system, and these deficient enzymes are all lysosomal hydrolases. Lysosomal hydrolases catalyze the breakdown of complex molecules in digestive vacuoles (phagocytic or autophagic) within the cells. Lysosomes show structural latency (requiring osmotic shock or freeze thawing in vitro); their enzymes show maximal activity at acidic pH ranges, and on electron microscopic examination they appear as small, electron-dense intracellular bodies. These hydrolytic enzymes seem to have some form of biological vulnerability in terms of their genetic expression, and this vulnerability underlies the sphingolipidoses. Diagnosis in each case is primarily a clinical problem. The presentation of these disorders, especially in intermediate or advanced forms, is sufficiently distinctive to permit a reasonably accurate diagnosis on the basis of history, physical examination, and routine laboratory data. Patients seen in early stages may be more difficult to recognize but follow-up evaluations usually clarify the problem. Specific enzyme assays are now available for confirmation of the diagnosis in these disorders. A frequent finding in this connection is an increase in the activities of noninvolved lysosomal hydrolases in the storage disorders. Once a case is clinically diagnosed, the clinician has the responsibility of ensuring that proper genetic counseling is made available to the affected families. Considerable supportive care is needed in each case. These patients can survive for prolonged periods, and great stress is placed on their families by these prolonged, hopeless illnesses. Since the disorders affect infants or young children, their parents are usually young adults in their early reproductive years. It is essential that they receive information concerning the risk of subsequent pregnancies. Specific diagnosis of the fetus in early pregnancy can be made now by amniocentesis and enzyme assays on cultured fibroblasts. If the fetus is a homozygote on the basis of enzyme assays, the option of therapeutic abortion should be discussed with the family. For many parents there will be considerable sensitivity to the ethical implications of this course and, if any doubt arises, ethical or pastoral consultation should be sought. Although there are no specific therapeutic approaches, a considerable degree of supportive care can and should be given. In the gangliosidoses and late in the course of the leukodystrophies, seizures will present management problems... PMID- 818608 TI - Colloid and crystal formation in parotid saliva of cystic fibrosis patients and non-cystic fibrosis subjects. I. Physicochemistry. AB - Two types of turbidity were found in parotid saliva from both cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and non-CF subjects. On cooling saliva, a rapidly forming, reversible, cold-dependent turbidity appeared in increasing amounts with decreasing temperature and increasing protein concentration. At 37 degrees, a slowly forming, stable turbidity appeared in increased amounts in parotid saliva samples containing increased amounts of calcium. The 2 degree centrifuged pellet consisted predominantly of protein, whereas the 37 degree pellet contained calcium, inorganic phosphate, and protein. The cold-dependent turbidity at 2 degrees was not inhibited by EDTA, but 37 degrees turbidity was dramatically inhibited. Urea and guanidine hydrochloride reduced 2 degree turbidity, and, to a lesser extent, inhibited 37 degree turbidity. The tendency towards higher levels of protein, amylase, and calcium in CF compared with child control parotid saliva (4, 6) causes a greater incidence and degree of turbidity formation in saliva of CF patients. In this paper only the nature of the turbidity has been investigated, not its relative occurrence in each group of subjects. PMID- 818607 TI - The detection of anti-D in Rho (D)-negative infants born of Rho (D)-positive mothers. AB - It has not been determined whether Rho (D)-negative infants born of Rho (D) positive mothers are sensitized during gestation or during parturition. Sensitization before use precludes the efficacious use of human Rho immune globulin as a prophylactic. The purpose of the present study is to identify the time of sensitization. Cord blood was collected from the placentas of 68 Rho (D) negative infants whose mothers were Rho (D)-positive. Sixty-three of the 68 infants had one blood sample obtained between 1 and 9 months later. The paired samples were analyzed for anti-D by standard Coombs test and by automated antibody detection techniques. With the technique of automated antibody detection, we have been unable to demonstrate antibody in cord blood of the Rho (D)-negative infants of whom at least 7 of 63 (11%) had detectable anti-D between 1 and 9 months of age. These data show that Rho (D)-negaitve infants do not have detectable antibody at birth but may develop detectable anti-D in the first months of life. This observation suggests that the sensitizing dose of Rho (D) antigen occurs at parturition rather than during gestation. PMID- 818609 TI - Colloid and crystal formation in parotid saliva of cystic fibrosis patients and non-cystic fibrosis subjects. II. Electron microscopy and electrophoresis. AB - Centrifuged pellets of turbid parotid saliva from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and non-CF subjects, obtained from saliva kept at 2 degrees for 10 min, had the electron microscope appearance of amorphous, round particles, and were thought to be colloidal aggregates of organic material. Drops of turbid saliva, from samples incubated for 2 hr at 2 degrees or 37 degrees, additionally contained discrete, electron-dense crystals having well defined angular morphology: usually cubic, retangular, or approximately hexagonal. The inhibitors, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and EDTA, resulted in no crystals being observed. Selected area electron diffraction from individual crystals showed predominantly hexagonal, rectangular patterns could be indexed as coming from hydroxyapitite. A transition from the hexagonal to the rectangular pattern and back to the hexagonal pattern could be obtained from individual crystals tilted in the electron microscope. The square diffraction pattern may be from octa-calcium or brushite. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of the parotid saliva indicated that the sparingly soluble proteins in the 2 degree and 37 degree pellets comprised proline-rich proteins and a calcium-precipitable, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable phosphoprotein, which fluoresced with amido schwarz and Coomassie brilliant blue G250. PMID- 818610 TI - Breast milk jaundice: in vitro inhibition of rat liver bilirubin-uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity and Z protein-bromosulfophthalein binding by human breast milk. AB - Twenty-four samples of breast milk from nine mothers of infants suffering from breast milk jaundice were studied. Eight samples of milk from mothers of nonjaundiced infants, along with five formula milks enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, served as controls. Milks from mothers with jaundiced infants had no inhibitory effect when assayed immediately after thawing. However, after these milk samples were stores at 4 degrees, they strongly inhibited bilirubin conjugation (80.3% inhibition of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) activity) and bromosulfophthalein (BSP) binding to cytoplasmic Z protein (dye binding inhibited 82.1%). There was no effect on BSP binding to Y protein (see Table 1). Heating the milk to 56 degrees modified the results in the following manner; when the milk was heated immediately after thawing, no inhibitory effect was seen, even after storage for 96 hr. On the other hand, when the milk was first stored at 96 hr and then heated, it had the same inhibitory effects as the milks which were stored without heating. The present study shows that pathologic breast milk will inhibit BSP-Z protein binding only when stored under conditions that also cause the appearance of the capacity to inhibit bilirubin conjugation in vitro, as well as causing the liberation of nonesterified fatty acids. Thus, the appearance of this inhibitory capacity in vitro seems linked to the lipolytic activity particular to pathologic milks. PMID- 818611 TI - Hurler syndrome: alpha-L-iduronidase activity in leukocytes as a method for heterozygote detection. AB - Alpha-L-Iduronidase activity and beta-galactosidase activity were determined in mixed leukocyte preparations in 10 families in which the Hurler syndrome had occurred. Affected patients, heterozygotes, and normal subjects were clearly distinguished by alpha-L-iduronidase activity alone. Patients had 0-3%, obligate heterozygotes 19-60%, and normal subjects 83-121% of the mean normal activity. There was no overlap between heterozygotes and normal subjects. Although the mean alpha-L-iduronidase to beta-galactosidase ratio was significantly lowered in heterozygotes when compared with that of normal subjects, appreciable overlap was noted between the two groups. PMID- 818612 TI - Picture memory (pseudomatching) in rhesus monkeys. AB - Pseudomatching, the selection of the correct comparison stimulus without dependence on presentation of a sample stimulus, was demonstrated in monkeys being trained ostensibly on a matching-to-sample, shock-avoidance tast. Pseudomatiching occurred whenever the problem sets were not fully counterbalanced for key position and correct symbol and seemed to represent memorization of specific stimulus configurations. Some animals showed the capacity to memorize hundreds of different 4-choice problems as indicated by test trials on which the samples were omitted. To prevent pseudomatching contamination of matching-to sample behavior one must arrange full counterbalancing and randomization of stimuli and reinforcements. Pseudomatiching test trials are also recommended. PMID- 818613 TI - Training and performance of rhesus monkeys as operators in a compensatory manual control system. AB - Two rhesus monkeys were trained as operators in a compensatory manual control system similar to systems used in human studies. Training procedures used to shape compensatory tracking behavior included a multiple shock-avoidance technique, the gradual introduction of the system input, and sharpening visual stimulus control of tracking behavior. Time-on-target scores for the monkeys were 95% to 98% while responding to three different frequency bandwidths of the system input. As frequency bandwidth increased, no significant increase in error was noted, the monkeys returned the target element to the center target area at increasing rates, and the number of shocks delivered to each subject remained low. Bode plots and stripouts of input, output, and error signals resembled those typically obtained in human studies. Through extrapolations based on nonhuman primate performance, the conclusion was that the task development and training procedures of the present study provided a means for estimating human performance in manual control systems under environmental stress or in hazardous environments. PMID- 818615 TI - [Effects of singe or multifractionated irradiation with 2 MeV fast neutrons on C3H mouse mammary carcinoma" (author's transl)]. PMID- 818614 TI - Functional changes in the oculomotor system of the monkey at various stages of barbiturate anesthesia and alertness. AB - 1. Single units in the III. and VI. nerve nuclei were continuously recorded together with vestibular stimuli and eye movements in macaques before, during, and after administration of barbiturate. 2. The visual input was functionally detached from the oculomotor system during the deeper stages of anesthesia, whereas some kind of vestibulo-ocular response could always be elicited. 3. The finding of various phase values between the maximum impulse rate IRmax of oculomotor units and the maximum stimulus velocity vmax during 1 Hz sinusoidal vestibular stimulation ranging from about 65 deg phase lead to 65 deg phase lag is suggested as important for the explanation of the phase shifts between head rotation and eye movement during anesthesia. 4. The phase relationship between IRmax and vmax was found to be unchanged, whereas the characteristic of IRmax versus vmax was highly sensitive to arousal stimuli for some oculomotor neurons. This sensitivity was represented exclusively by activation rather than inhibition. PMID- 818616 TI - Administrative perspective on people power--long term care viewpoint. PMID- 818617 TI - Consumer--people power perspective. PMID- 818618 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Occurrence in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) in a Danish fur farm]. AB - Ps. aeruginosa were demonstrated fairly often in samples from the rectum (9,1%) and external genitalia (3,7%) of clinically healthy blue foxes. These animals are considered carriers and thus constitute a risk of infecting other animals, especially those already debilitated. The same organism was isolated as pure cultures from the intrauterine contents in a case of pyometra with septicaemia and fatal outcome and in two cases of puerperal endometritis. In these 3 cases there may have been a question of "superinfection" with this latent pathogen. PMID- 818619 TI - [Cod from Vestlandsfjorder analysed for chlorine insecticides and PCB]. AB - Samples of cod livers from 21 different locations in Norwegian fjords were analysed by gas liquid chromatography for chlorinated insecticides and PCBs. All samples contained DDT, DDE, DDD and PCBs. Mean DDT residue levels ranged between 0,2 ppm and 25 ppm and PCB values between 0,3 ppm and 3,9 ppm, calculated on a wet weight basis. The highest concentrations of DDT were found in cod from areas with fruit orchards. The present use of DDT in forest nurseries does not contaminate the neighbouring fjords to a noticeable degree. PMID- 818620 TI - [Hypoglycemic complications of oral drug therapy of diabetes mellitus. 21 cases]. AB - The authors present 21 cases of severe hypoglycaemic side effects in diabetics treated with oral sulphonylurea drugs, including two deaths. The medications involved the most frequently were glibenclamide followed by glybutamide and glicalzide. Such side effects often occur early and are unrelated to dose. The classical predisposing factors were noted : old age, renal insufficiency, hepato cellular insufficiency, drug associations -- in particular oral anticoagulants and salicylates. The indications for such drugs in the treatment of diabetes are discussed. Their use seems doubly illogical in the case of late onset obesity diabetes since the latter is accompanied by cardiovascular complications. It is dangerous in the elderly, particularly sensitive to the risks of hypoglycaemia and in who the diagnosis of "diabetes" is too often made on inadequate grounds. PMID- 818621 TI - [Letter: TRH-sulpiride interrelations on prolactin secretion]. PMID- 818622 TI - [Letter: Fetomaternal blood incompatibilities in Rh positive women]. PMID- 818623 TI - The conformation of 16S RNA in the 30S ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli. AB - The digestion of E. coli 16S RNA with a single-strand-specific nuclease produced two fractions separable by gel filtration. One fraction was small oligonucleotides, the other, comprising 67.5% of the total RNA, was highly structured double helical fragments of mol. wt. 7,600. There are thus about 44 helical loops of average size corresponding to 12 base pairs in each 16S RNA. 10% of the RNA could be digested from native 30S subunits. Nuclease attack was primarily in the intraloop single-stranded region but two major sites of attack were located in the interloop single-stranded regions. Nuclease digestion of unfolded subunits produced three classes of fragments, two of which, comprising 80% of the total RNA, were identical to fragments from 16S RNA. The third, consisting of 20% RNA, together with an equal weight of peotein, was a resistant core (sedimentation coefficient 7S). PMID- 818624 TI - The mechanism of DNA breakage by phleomycin in vitro. AB - Phleomycin induces DNA breakage in vitro in the presence of the sulphydryl compound dithiothreitol. The reaction appears to be free radical-mediated, and requires oxygen and metal ions. Reaction rate is limited by the concentration of oxygen, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide during DNA breakage. However there is no net change in the sulphydryl compound. The proposed reaction mechanism involves metal ion/oxygen-catalysed oxidation of dithiothreitol to its free radical form, which reacts with phleomycin, leading to formation of activated phleomycin and regeneration of free sulphydryl. Free phleomycin is converted to an inactive form, but activation of phleomycin bound to DNA leads to DNA breakage. PMID- 818626 TI - Dual care of the elderly. PMID- 818625 TI - Cleavage patterns of Drosophila melanogaster satellite DNA by restriction enzymes. AB - The five satellite DNAs of Drosophila melanogaster have been isolated by the combined use of different equilibrium density gradients and hydrolyzed by seven different restriction enzymes; Hae III, Hind II + Hind III, Hinf, Hpa II, EcoR I and EcoR II. The 1.705 satellite is not hydrolyzed by any of the enzymes tested. Hae III is the only restriction enzyme that cuts the 1.672 and 1.686 satellites. The cleavage products from either of these reactions has a heterogeneous size distribution. Part of the 1.688 satellite is cut by Hae III and by Hinf into three discrete fragments with M.W. that are multiples of 2.3 X 10(5) daltons (approximately 350 base pairs). In addition, two minor bands are detected in the 1.688-Hinf products. The mole ratios of the trimer, dimer and monomer are: 1:6.30 : 63.6 for 1.688-Hae III and 1 : 22.0 : 403 for 1.688-Hinf. Circular mitochondrial DNA (rho = 1.680) is cut into discrete fragments by all of the enzymes tested and molecular weights of these fragments have been determined. PMID- 818627 TI - Drug therapy in the treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 818628 TI - [Prospects for controlling the biosynthesis of prostaglandins]. PMID- 818629 TI - Who is epileptic? PMID- 818630 TI - Glutaraldehyde treated gelatin as a cation exchanger. PMID- 818631 TI - [Thyrotropic function of the hypophysis in endocrine diseases]. AB - The content of thyrotropic hormone of the hypophysis (by radioimmunological method) and the level of thyrotropic hormones in the blood plasma were studied in 178 patients with various endocrine pathology (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, Itsenko-Cushing disease, Addison's disease, adiposity). Healthy persons (33) served as control. Thyrotropic function of the hypophysis proved to be decreased in thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, adiposity, Itsenko Cushing disease. Comparison of the plasma level of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones led to a supposition on a different mechanism of the detected changes. A marked intensification on the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis was observed in primary hypothyroidism. A tendency to increase of thyrotropin discharge was noted in the patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis given antithyroid treatment and in Addison's disease. PMID- 818632 TI - [Study of different states of iodine metabolism in rats by means of whole-body radiometry]. AB - The authors present the principal concepts necessary for the use of the method of radiometry of the whole body in studying the iodine metabolism in vivo in the intact and thyroidectomized rats and also in experimental hyperthyroidism resulting from TTH or thyroidin administration. The iodine metabolism indices in euthyroidism and athyroidism in rats proved to be adequate to the corresponding curves of the iodine metabolism indices in healthy persons and those suffering from myxedema. Experimental hyperthyroidism in rats, similarly to hyperthyroidism in man, was characterized by an increase in tissue metabolism of the hormonal iodine. However, it was accompanied by an accelerated clearance of the organism from an excess of thyroid hormones; due to this it could not serve as an adequate model of thyrotoxicosis in man. PMID- 818633 TI - [Comparative data on the degree of assimilation of nitrogenous products of various protein hydrolysates in patients following operations on the gastro intestinal tract]. PMID- 818634 TI - [Biochemical aspects of the use of amino acid mixtures in parenteral feeding (review of the literature)]. PMID- 818635 TI - [Frequency of some blood group factors in twins and their parents]. PMID- 818636 TI - Spectroscopic studies and a structural model for blue copper centers in proteins. AB - Low temperature absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism spectral studies of the blue copper proteins Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin, bean plastocyanin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin have been made. Low energy bands attributable to the d-d transitions 2B2 leads to 2E and 2B2 leads to 2B1 in a flattened tetrahedral (D 2d) copper-(II) center are observed in these proteins at about 5000 and 10,000 cm-1, respectively. The band positions accord well with ligand field calculations based on a tetrahedral structure that is distorted approximately 6 degrees toward a square plane. The ligands in this flattened tetrahedral coordination unit in bean plastocyanin are identified from various spectroscopic experiments as His-38, Cys-85, His-88, and a deprotonated peptide nitrogen (N) a few residues above His-38. PMID- 818637 TI - Cobalt inhibition of synthesis and induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase in liver. AB - Cobalt has complex actions on the metabolism of heme in the liver. In this organ the metal potently induces heme oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3), and decreases cellular heme and hemoprotein content. The metal also displays biphasic effects on hepatic heme synthesis. These effects are reflected in the ability of cobalt to initially inhibit synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate synthase [succinyl-CoA:glycine C succinyltransferase (decarboxylating) EC 2.3.1.37], the rate limiting enzyme of the heme pathway, following which a later enhanced rate of formation of this enzyme occurs. In this study, cobalt was shown to block almost entirely the ability of the barbiturate analogue allylisopropylacetamide to induce delta aminolevulinate synthase in liver. The blocking effect of cobalt on the otherwise potent enzyme inducing action of this drug was time-dependent; if the metal was injected 30 min prior to allylisopropylacetamide, inhibition of enzyme induction was complete. When the metal was administered 1.5 or more hours after allylisopropylacetamide, inhibition of enzyme induction was incomplete. Cobalt did not block the ability of the drug to directly degrade heme to "green pigment" thus the enzyme inducing action of allylisopropylacetamide and its degradative action on heme are separately mediated. PMID- 818638 TI - Molecular cloning of DNA fragments produced by restriction endonucleases Sa1I and BamI. AB - The highly specific restriction endonucleases Sa1I and BamI produce DNA fragments with complementary, cohesive termini that can be covalently joined by DNA ligase. The Escherichia coli kanamycin resistance factor pML21 has one SalI site, at which DNA can be inserted without interfering with the expression of drug resistance or replication of the plasmid. A more convenient cloning vehicle can be made with the tetracycline resistance factor pSC101, since insertion of DNA either at its single site for Sa1I or at that for BamI inactivates plasmid specified drug resistance but not replication. To take advantage of this insertional inactivation, pSC101 was joined to a Co1E1-ampicillin resistance plasmid having no Sa1I site, and to a Co1E1-kanamycin resistance plasmid having no BamI site. Chimeras formed with the resulting hybrid vehicles can be identified simply by replica plating. These three vehicles, which all replicate under relaxed control, have been used to clone and amplify Drosophila melanogaster DNA fragments. PMID- 818639 TI - A new immunoglobulin variant: gamma3 heavy chain disease protein CHI. AB - Protein CHI is a defective human gamma3 heavy chain immunoglobulin with a deletion encompassing a portion of the variable and constant regions. Joining of the two pieces takes place at the beginning of an extra fragment (Fh) in the constant region where repetitive sequences are found, apparently as the result of gene duplications and/or unequal crossover between gamma genes. It is postulated that a 45 nucleotide fragment is the repetitive unit coding for the extra fragment. PMID- 818640 TI - Lipid vesicles as carriers for introducing materials into cultured cells: influence of vesicle lipid composition on mechanism(s) of vesicle incorporation into cells. AB - The mechanisms involved in the uptake of uni- and multi-lamellar lipid vesicles by BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells have been investigated. Vesicles are incorporated into cells both by endocytosis and by a nonendocytotic mechanism which we propose involves fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. The nonendocytotic pathway predominates in the uptake of negatively charged vesicles composed of phospholipids that are "fluid" (phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine) at 37 degrees. Neutral fluid vesicles (phosphatidylcholine) and negatively charged vesicles prepared from "solid" phospholipids (phosphatidylserine/distearylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) are instead incorporated largely by endocytosis. Uptake of the latter classes of vesicle is reduced (80-90% inhibition) by inhibitors of cellular energy metabolism and by cytochalasin B. PMID- 818641 TI - dunce, a mutant of Drosophila deficient in learning. AB - Normal Drosophilia learn to avoid an odorant associated with electric shock. An X linked mutant, dunce, has been isolated that fails to display this learning in spite of being able to sense the odorant and electric shock and showing essentially normal behavior in other respects. PMID- 818642 TI - Helical growth of Bacillus subtilis: a new model of cell growth. AB - A multiple mutant of Bacillus subtilis that grows in an unusual double-helix morphology was studied. Construction of models led to the assumption that cell surface elongation must proceed in a helical path in this mutant. The observation that all newly formed double-helix clones propagated, after spore outgrowth in fluid culture, consisted of closed-circular structures suggested that double helix structures are tension-registered forms. PMID- 818643 TI - Tracheopathia osteoplastica. PMID- 818644 TI - Anaesthesia in experimental animals. PMID- 818645 TI - [Regional school medicine. Role of the health assistant]. PMID- 818646 TI - [Quality control and the physician-nurse conflict]. PMID- 818647 TI - [Nephropathy of pregnancy]. PMID- 818649 TI - [Analysis of the psychosocial needs of the hospitalized patient]. PMID- 818648 TI - [The ultrasterile surgical unit]. PMID- 818650 TI - [Minor salmonellosis]. PMID- 818651 TI - [Contribution to the debate on health reform. Regional health education]. PMID- 818652 TI - Mobility controlled by feedback cerebral stimulation in monkeys. PMID- 818653 TI - Changes in primate Pacinian corpuscles following volar pad excision and skin grafting. A preliminary report. AB - Human fingertip avulsion injuries were simulated by excising volar digital pads in stump-tailed monkeys. Half the defects were covered with split-skin grafts from the forearm, and half with full-thickness grafts of fingertip skin. Innervated pacinian corpuscles were found in the center of these grafts 3 months after the operation. The site of origin of these corpuscles is undefined. Denervation and devascularization of pacinian corpuscles resulted in alterations of their gross architecture, size, and innervation. The possibility exists that these alterations result from a dynamic adaptation of pacinian corpuscles to environmental stress. PMID- 818654 TI - Partners in teaching community health--a medical school and an elementary school. PMID- 818656 TI - The layperson as the primary health care practitioner. PMID- 818655 TI - Health education: a federal overview. PMID- 818657 TI - Teaching-learning mechanisms in consumer health education. AB - A study of a special school program on cigarette smoking and health was undertaken in Niagara County, N.Y., to determine whether it produced effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among teachers and parents as well as students and, if so, how these effects were accomplished. Data for parents, the subject of this report, were collected by questionnaire and interview before and after the program from selected parents of students in 36 junior high school classes assigned equally to experimental and control groups. The parents failed to show statistically significant modifications of either knowledge or attitudes after the program. They did, however, show a consistent and significant downward shift in numbers of reported tobacco users. This finding was true for both experimental and control groups, but the change was distinctly greater in the experimental group. Additionally, the changes were greater for urban than for rural parents and for parents with incomes of $10,000 or more than for those with lower incomes. The results for parents differed from those for students and teachers concerning knowledge and attitudes, but they were similar to those for teachers and unlike those for students concerning smoking behavior. The study findings suggest that teaching-learning mechanisms beyond the traditional superordinate subordinate model may be operative, with pupils, parents, and teachers in roles quite different from what they are generally thought to be. Specifically, the students may serve as mediators of value change and behavior modification for both teachers and parents. PMID- 818658 TI - Can-Dial. An experiment in health education and cancer control. AB - A dial-access public information system providing information about cancer to the populace has been developed by Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The system is comprised of a tape library consisting of 36 pre-recorded tapes in English on a variety of cancer-related topics and Spanish translations of 28 of the tapes. Interested persons can select and listen to topics of their choice over the telephone. Telephones are manned by operators 16 hours a day, 7 days a week. Persons who call are asked to volunteer certain descriptive information such as name, address, telephone number, sex, age, occupation, and source of information about Can-Dial. These data are used in evaluating the program. Two types of evaluation are being conducted. The first entails a constant monitoring of the system based upon information collected by operators concerning each call. The second type consists of interviews with a sample of callers and a sample of noncallers for the purpose of comparing the characteristics of both groups and ascertaining the impact of Can-Dial on the behavior of its users. Preliminary assessments indicate that Can-Dial is being used by all socioeconomic status groups, by more urban than rural residents, and by the younger rather than older age groups. In its first 23 months of operation, the system handled more than 68,700 calls, at an average cost of $1.58 per call. A tentative conclusion is that Can-Dial is fulfilling a public need and may have a favorable impact in improving health behavior. PMID- 818659 TI - Potential for reducing health care costs by public and patient education. Summary of selected studies. PMID- 818660 TI - Expanded roles for the community pharmacist--which direction? PMID- 818661 TI - VD hotline: an evaluation. AB - A VD hotline started in January 1973 at Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, N.J., was evaluated with the following results. Hotline operators handled 260 calls in 1973. The typical caller was a 20-year-old employed male who heard about the hotline from a friend, wanted information about clinic hours and costs, and had questions about symptoms of venereal disease. At Monmouth Medical Center, venereal disease patients who go to the emergency room receive specific diagnosis and therapy, and in the clinic they receive broader medical care. The hotline encourages patients to go to the clinic or to their private physicians. Visits to Monmouth Medical Center for venereal disease increased during the second half of 1972 from 356 to 545 (53%). For the emergency room alone, the rise was 17% and for the clinic, 68%. There was an increase of 20% in the number of patients treated in the emergency room, but the number treated in the clinic leveled. Thus, there was a substantial increase in visits, especially to the clinics where the most care is provided, and a modest increase in treated patients. The causal contribution of the hotline to these increases cannot be stated with certainty. The cost of operating the hotline was $14.70 per call. While high, it might be defended on the basis of avoiding the higher costs of untreated disease. The cost can be reduced by making the hotline serve multiple health purposes. The hotline appeared useful but costly. This retrospective evaluation was hampered by the unavailability of some critical data. PMID- 818662 TI - Awareness and use of cervical cancer tests in a southern Appalachian community. AB - The knowledge and use of cervical cancer screening (Papanicolaou smear test) by female members of a prepaid health plan (Health Maintenance Organization- foundation-type) based in souther Appalachia were surveyed. Of the 105 members of the plan interviewed, 81 indicated that they had experienced one or more Papanicolaou tests. This percentage (77.1%) was greater than might have been expected on the basis of a review of previous research. Factors contributing to this higher percentage were the subjects' membership in the prepaid health care plan and the increasing tendency of physicians to perform cervical cancer screening tests on patients who visit them for reasons unrelated to cancer detection. The latter phenomenon, coupled with inadequate patient education at the time of the service, is viewed as a major cause of the discrepancy found between the women's Papanicolaou test experience and their Papanicolaou test awareness. Of the 81 women in the study reporting one or more previous cervical cancer screening tests, only 49 were able to identify a specific test for detecting cervical cancer. Most of the results of previous research concerning the relationship of Papanicolaou test experience to age, to education, to economic, employment, and marital status, or to number of children were supported by the current study. The results of this study, conducted in a relatively isolated American community, suggest that the nationwide cervical cancer educational efforts of a multitude of agencies and individuals have met with considerable success. PMID- 818663 TI - Health education for Job Corps enrollees. PMID- 818664 TI - A method of allocating resources for health education services by the Indian Health Service. PMID- 818665 TI - Some guidelines for conducting a health fair. AB - Health professionals are being asked with increasing frequency to participate in, or to conduct, health fairs. There is, however, a lack of published practical advice available to persons undertaking such an event for the first time. Based upon my experience in this area, participants are advised to (a) clearly define in advance the objectives to be achieved by this activity, (b) give careful attention to the timing, location, and financing of the event, (c) encourage the active participation in the event of both professionals and lay persons in the community, (d) pay particular attention to publicizing the event, since the fair's success will be directly related to visitor attendance, and (e) evaluate the event to determine whether the sponsors' objective were met, whether additional health fairs should be conducted, and what changes should be made when similar events are held in the future. PMID- 818666 TI - Awareness of sickle cell disease among high school students in Kingston, Jamaica. PMID- 818667 TI - The physician's role in a hospital's patient education program. PMID- 818668 TI - Industrial health education in Morristown, N.J. PMID- 818670 TI - National high blood pressure education program results. PMID- 818669 TI - Patient education coordinators in Greenville, S.C., hospitals. PMID- 818672 TI - Learning model for behavioral science in medical education. PMID- 818673 TI - Public Health Reports, November 1, 1901: Denti di Chiaie (Chiaie teeth), by J.M. Eager. PMID- 818671 TI - Tuberculosis studies in Muscogee County, Georgia. Twenty-year evaluation of a community trial of BCG vaccination. AB - A controlled trial of BCG vaccination was conducted in 1950 in Muscogee County, Ga., and Russell County, Ala. The study population consisted of 64,136 volunteers over the age of 5 years who had satisfactory skin tests with 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative and whose chest photofluorograms were considered by two readers to show no significant pulmonary abnormalities. Approximately half of the nonreactors to tuberculin were vaccinated with the Tice strain of BCG by a multiple-puncture method. During a 20-year period of follow-up, 207 cases of tuberculosis were identified among the persons who had been tuberculin reactors in 1950, 36 cases were identified among the controls, and 32 cases were identified among the vaccinees. The average annual case rates per 100,000 were 47.0 for reactors, 13.4 for controls, and 12.6 for vaccinees. PMID- 818674 TI - [Different protection of DNA against various types of damage]. PMID- 818675 TI - [Reproductive function of monkeys exposed to chronic irradiation]. PMID- 818676 TI - [Energy-dependent accumulation of an artificial dibenzyldimethylammonium cation by gamma-irradiated cells]. PMID- 818677 TI - Bilirubin conjugates: formation and detection. PMID- 818679 TI - Membranous aggregations associated with nuclei in Aspergillus flavus hyphae. PMID- 818678 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids in man. PMID- 818680 TI - [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers]. PMID- 818681 TI - [Structure of the fibrin clot in a patient with macroglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 818682 TI - [Syndrome of congenital defects of the heart, eye and osseous system]. PMID- 818683 TI - [Studies on the use of Intal and Kenalog 40 in patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 818684 TI - [Lesions of neurons of the juxtaprostatic pelvic ganglioms in acute experimental trypanosomiasis of mice]. PMID- 818685 TI - [Aspects of parenteral feeding]. PMID- 818686 TI - [Hypoglycemia coma caused by oral antidiabetics]. PMID- 818687 TI - Mitochondrial metabolism in infarcting myocardium. AB - The isolation medium plays an important part in the assessment of mitochondrial damage following coronary artery ligation. Albumin added to either isolation or incubation medium can protect. A depression of oxygen uptake is found only after prolonged ischemia or in a simple incubation medium. Hence mitochondrial oxygen wastage probably occurs in the infarction process. PMID- 818688 TI - Effect of aging on right ventricular anoxic resistance. AB - Total serum thyroxine levels, saturation of endogenous thyroxine-binding proteins, and free thyroxine indices were all reduced in the rat by aging. In vitro myocardial anoxic resistance was increased as a result of the aging process. The role of myocardial glycogen as a myocardial protective agent during hypoxic stress and its variations during aging, altitude-acclimation, and exericise conditioning are discussed. PMID- 818689 TI - Hypoxic, isolated rat heart: hemodynamic and metabolic effects of nitroglycerin. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin on the mechanical and metabolic performance of the mammalian heart without interference from peripheral vascular and neurohumoral influences. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with a buffer containing 1 mug of alcoholic nitroglycerin/ml or an equivalent amount of alcohol. Mechanical performance was analyzed during external and isovolumic work; all hearts were subjected to mild hypoxia. Heart rate was kept constant by pacing. At constant atrial filling pressures end diastolic pressures and calculated wall stiffness were not significantly different for controls and nitroglycerin. Afterload, as quantitated by mean aortic pressure, was the same for both groups. Peak-systolic left ventricular pressure and dp/dt max during ejection and isovolumic work were significantly reduced by hypoxia (p less than 0.001), but not changed by nitroglycerin. Cardiac output, mean systolic left ventricular pressure, work, oxygen consumption, and calculated efficiency were decreased by hypoxia (p less than 0.001); lactate production was enhanced by the hypoxic state (p less than 0.001). Nitroglycerin had no influence on these parameters in either state. It is concluded that at constant rate, preload and afterload nitroglycerin has no effect on the mechanical performance and energy formation by aerobic and anaerobic means in the fully oxygenated and mild hypoxic state. PMID- 818690 TI - The effects of humoral agents and antimigraine drugs on the cranial circulation of the monkey. PMID- 818691 TI - [Magnesium metabolism in heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 818692 TI - Treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma and severe diabetes with low I.V. Intermitent doses of insulin. PMID- 818693 TI - [Contribution to the immunology of paracoccidiodomycosis. Comparison between the technic of Wadsworth, Maltaner and Maltaner and the micromethod for complement fixation and the precipitin reaction in liquid media and in agar gel]. PMID- 818694 TI - [A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with warm antibodies and with unusual difficulty in Rh typing]. PMID- 818696 TI - The better gauge to protein depletion. PMID- 818695 TI - [Problem of fetal maturity during RH isoimmunization]. PMID- 818697 TI - [Fecal streptococci as indicators of fecal water contamination. I. Quantitative comparison of the occurrence of coliform bacteria and Streptococcus faecalis in human feces]. PMID- 818698 TI - [Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in cottage cheese]. PMID- 818699 TI - [Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of asthma]. PMID- 818700 TI - [Fanconi syndrome of the adult during kappa chain disease]. PMID- 818701 TI - Route of infection in extrahepatic biliary tract disease. I: Experimental evidence against an entero-hepatico-biliary cycle of bacteria. AB - E. Coli and Strep. faecalis inoculated intravenously in normal rabbits produced initial concentrations of 10(6) bacteria per ml blood. Culture of common duct bile collected continously via a catheter in the common duct, and of gallbladder bile aspirated by puncture, failed to demonstrate a passage of bacteria from blood to bile. Sterile common duct bile and gallbladder bile in the presence of high counts of viable bacteria in blood, gallbladder wall and liver tissue demonstrated that the intact biliary tract mucosa and the intactc liver form an effective barrier impermeable to E. coli or Strep. faecalis. PMID- 818702 TI - Evidence of the presence of rheumatoid factor and antibodies reacting with human and rabbit IgA in fluid from non-keratinizing jaw cysts. AB - Fluid from an apical periodontal and a follicular jaw cyst formed, in double diffusion in agarose gel, a continuous precipitin line against IgA isolated from human and rabbit serum, IgA myeloma protein, and secretory IgA. Results of immunoelectrophoresis and absorption experiments indicated that the IgA precipitating factor was an immunoglobulin belonging to the IgM class. Furthermore, the two cyst fluids contained immune complexes, possibly IgA-anti IgA, which precipitated in agar gel. The same two cyst fluids showed a positive reaction in the Waaler-Rose test with tires of 40 and 80, respectively. A series of the other cyst fluids examined were negative in the Waaler-Rose test. None of the cyst fluids conatined antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 818703 TI - Rubella in a case of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 818704 TI - Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia and urinary symptoms during disodium cromoglycate treatment. A case report. AB - A 64-year-old asthmatic woman began to suffer from urinary irritation after 5 months' treatment with disodium cromoglycate. After 10 months she contracted, additionally, a dry, hacking cough and gradually increasing exercise-induced dyspnoea. Chest X-ray revealed scattered, micronodular infiltrations in both lungs, and her spirogram was clearly restrictive. Peripheral blood showed eosinophilia of 23.5%. Urine was clean. When DSCG was withdrawn, her urinary symptoms and cough disappeared overnight, and her dyspnoea improved within weeks, as did her chest X-ray. Inhalation provocation test with DSCG 2 months later resulted in an immediate asthmatic reaction followed by a possible delayed-type reaction 9 hours later. Disodium cromoglycate is regarded as the possible aetiologic agent. PMID- 818705 TI - [Scanning electronmicroscopic study of 3 composite filling materials after 1 year's use]. AB - This is an in-vivo comparative test of two test materials, composites Compo-Cap and Cosmic against Adaptic on a monkey (Macaca speciosa) over one year. No significant differences could be found and the defects on margins and in the surface was similar. Undubitable secondary caries could--unlike in a previous test with Epoxylite--not be found with these fillings. PMID- 818706 TI - Hepatocellular transplantation for metabolic deficiencies: decrease of plasms bilirubin in Gunn rats. AB - A sustained decrease of plasma bilirubin concentrations occurred in homozygous recessive Gunn rats lacking the enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase following infusion into the portal vein of hepatocytes from heterozygous nonjaundiced Gunn rats possessing the enzyme. Transplantation of cells capable of continuous enzyme production could be an effective mode of therapy for congenital enzyme deficiency diseases. PMID- 818707 TI - Blue-green algae: their excretion of iron-selective chelators enables them to dominate other algae. AB - During blue-green algal blooms, other algae can be completely suppressed. This ability of blue-green algae to suppress other algae may be determined by the abailability of iron. Iron deprivation induces the production of hydroxamate chelators, which appear to be the agent suppressing other algae. PMID- 818708 TI - Cross-modal matching and the primate frontal cortex. AB - Rhesus monkeys with selective lesions of the prefrontal system were tested on a tactile-visual cross-modal matching task. Monkeys with lesions in the banks and depths of the arcuate sulcus were impaired, while normal controls and monkeys with lesions in the banks and depths of the sulcus principalis and in the anterodorsal part of the head of the caudate nucleus were not. PMID- 818709 TI - Chloramine mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Chloramine (which occurs widely as a by-product of sanitary chlorination of water supplies) is shown to be a weak mutagen, when reversion of trpC to trpC in Bacillus subtilis is used as an assay. Some DNA-repair mutants appear to be more sensitive to chloramine, suggesting the involvement of DNA targets in bactericide. The influence of plating media on survival of cells treated with chloramine suggests a bacterial repair system acting upon potentially lethal lesions induced by chloramine. PMID- 818710 TI - Baboon infant produced by embryo transfer. AB - An embryo was recovered surgically from a naturally ovulating, naturally inseminated Papio cynocephalus female on day 5 of gestation and transferred surgically to a naturally synchronized, nonmated Papio cynocephalus female on 20 March 1975. A male baboon weighing 875 grams was delivered by cesarean section on 5 September 1975, 174 days after estimated ovulation time. PMID- 818711 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase in blue-green algae: dependence on adenosylcobalamin. AB - Ten species of freshwater blue-green algae exhibit an adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase, thuse explaining the requirement for cobalt by these organisms. The evidence suggests a phylogenetic affinity between the cyanophytes and bacteria, such as Clostridium and Rhizobium, and the euglenoid flagellates, which also use the cofactor-dependent reductase. In contrast, the ribonucleotide reductase reaction in the few green algae surveyed shows no dependence on cobalamins. PMID- 818712 TI - Mycotoxins in animal feeds. PMID- 818713 TI - Propeller injuries. AB - Water skiing, boat racing, skin and scuba diving, and pleasure boat cruising are increasing in popularity. As a result the incidence of injuries secondary to motor propellers is becoming more frequent. In a ten-year period from 1963 to 1973, I collected a total of nine cases. In some amputations were necessary, and in other cases amputations occurred at the time of injury. Problems with bacterial flora occurring in open sea water versus salt water enclosed near docks and fresh lake water are discussed. A review of the orthopedic literature revealed sparse information regarding propeller injuries. PMID- 818714 TI - Prophylactic treatment of umbilical stump: comparison of technics. AB - Three different technics of umbilical stump treatment (alcohol, "triple dye," and providone iodine) were compared. The study revealed a significantly lower rate of colonization with coagulase-positive staphylococci in the group of infants treated with "triple dye." PMID- 818715 TI - Hematobilia secondary to hepatic artery aneurysm. PMID- 818716 TI - Protection against scrub typhus infection engendered by the passive transfer of immune sera. AB - The passive transfer of convalescent sera did not protect the majority of mice against challenge with the homologous strain and was completely ineffective against challenge with strains unrelated by fluorescent antibody techniques. When the immune sera was incubated with the rickettsia in vitro and then inoculated into the mice a dramatic increase occurred in the number of surviving mice. The importance of these data in relation to published results with other species of rickettsia is discussed. PMID- 818717 TI - Toxicological studies of four insecticides against Musca domestica L. AB - Toxicological studies of four insecticides (malathion, carbaryl, bioresmethrin, and GH 74) against Musca domestica vicinia (Ampang strain) were undertaken with particular reference to age, sex and posttreatment temperature. It was found that bioresmethrin and GH 74, both with a negative temperature coefficient, have great potential for use against houseflies. In vitro inhibitory studies of head and body esterases showed that unlike malathion and carbaryl, bioresmethrin had only negligible effect on these enzymes. The possibilities of using bioresmethrin and GH 74 for controlling the housefly problem in the Cameron Highlands, West Malaysia are discussed. PMID- 818718 TI - Revision of Sarcocystis orientalis Zaman and Colley, 1975. PMID- 818719 TI - Experimental infection of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 818721 TI - Sources of fast neutrons for radiotherapy. AB - There is currently great interest in the use of fast neutrons for radiotherapy. Although it is too early for the long-term effects to be known, the results so far are encouraging. Three types of fast neutron-producing devices are available: neutron generators, compact cyclotrons and large cyclotrons. For the requirements of radiotherapists the most suitable and practical source currently available is the reaction 9Be(d,n) in conjunction with a large cyclotron capable of accelerating deuterons to energies greater than 35 MeV. PMID- 818720 TI - Sotalol in angina pectoris. A double-blind study. AB - The effect of sotalol, a beta-adrenergic blocking drug, on the frequency of angina pectoris attacks and on exercise tolerance was evaluated by a double-blind cross-over study in 30 selected patients suffering from stable angina pectoris. Sotalol significantly reduced the mean number of attacks of angina, the consumption of glyceryl trinitrate tablets and the pulse rate at rest and in response to exercise. Effort tolerance as judged by a suboptimal 2-step test was improved significantly, as was electrocardiographic response. A relatively moderate dose of sotalol, 320 mg per day (160 mg twice daily), was sufficient in 80% of the patients. Side-effects were negligible. PMID- 818722 TI - Clinical aspects of chronic brucellosis. AB - Twenty-one patients with brucellosis wereinvestigated. Four patients with the classical manifestations of acute brucellosis presented no problems in diagnosis. The other 17 patients suffered from chronic disease and had no history of any acute episode of brucellosis. The most common symptoms in this group were tiredness, fatigue, depression, arthralgia and muscular pains. Abdominal pain and pain in the temperomandibular joints were marked in some patients. Most of these patients had been receiving psychiatric treatment. Clinical examination was largely negative, but lymphadenopathy was found in 9 cases. Brucella meningo encephalitis was diagnosed in 7 patients who complained of severe headache. Problems in the diagnosis of chronic brucellosis with an insidious onset are discussed. PMID- 818723 TI - The differential development of the hominid pelvis. AB - The peculiarly shaped hominid pelvis represents the total response to the diverse forces which have moulded its structure, these being requirements for efficient bipedalism and parturition. In some respects the structural requirements of these unrelated functions have been in conflict. In these instances the morphological response to the dominant requirement, viz. bipedalism, is clearly discernible, while the changes subserving the needs of parturition are seen as compensatory modifications, the greater emphasis of which is responsible, in part, for pelvic sexual dimorphism in the female. Total pelvic architecture is thus a mosaic constituted by the aggregate of differential responses to different functional goals. PMID- 818724 TI - Editorial: A plea for a safer technique of cholecystectomy. PMID- 818726 TI - Enteral hyperalimentation: a new apparatus for administration. AB - The difficulties of administration of elemental diets without a pump are reviewed and a simple apparatus is described which overcomes these difficulties with advantage without the use of a mechanical pump. PMID- 818725 TI - Whole blood trace element concentrations during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Samples of whole blood in eight patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and in four who served as controls were analyzed for trace element concentrations of Au, Br, Cu, Mn, Cr, Sb, Fe, Zn, Co, Hg, Rb, and Se. The concentrations of essential elements in the patients deviated significantly from those in the control group. The Mn concentration in blood was consistently higher in patients, owing to the high Mn concentration in the nutrient solutions. A reciprocal relationship between Cu and Zn was demonstrated in one patient. Some trace element concentrations are correlated with the duration of malabsorption and the amount of oral intake during TPN. This study shows that patients on TPN may have abnormal trace element profiles and that TPN currently does not supply the necessary concentrations of trace elements. PMID- 818728 TI - Letter: Operating room infection control. PMID- 818727 TI - Perforation of diverticulum of terminal ileum presenting as acute appendicitis. AB - Two cases of perforated diverticula of the terminal ileum are presented with a discussion of the literature. Primary resection is the treatment of choice. Asymptomatic diverticula discovered on routine contrast studies should not be managed surgically. PMID- 818729 TI - The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. AB - Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that the plasma amino acid pattern, known to be deranged in hepatic encephalopathy, may be related causally. In order to test this hypothesis, 23% dextrose and a special amino acid solution whose components were calculated to normalize the plasma amino acid pattern were infused in 11 patients, eight with chronic cirrhosis and acute exacerbation (Group 1) and three patients with fulminant hepatitis (Group 2), in amounts of up to 120 Gm. of protein equivalent per 24 hours. Plasma amino acids were abnormal but different in both groups. In Group 1 (cirrhosis) changes in plasma amino acid pattern including elevated phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate, aspartate, and methionine and decreased valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In Group 2 all amino acids were elevated, with the exception of the branched chains which were normal. Hepatic encephalopathy improved in all patients in Group 1 and in one of three patients in Group 2 following the infusion. The ratio (see article) showed an excellent correlation with a grade of encephalopathy. When this ratio, previously 1.0 in the presence of encephalopathy, returned to the normal value near 3.0 to 3.5, encephalopathy improved. An excellent correlation was obtained between the ratio and the grade of encephalopathy and was dose related as well. The results suggest that different amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiologies require treatment modalities which may differ for the two types of encephalopathy. Whereas amino acid infusion appears to be a valuable, efficacious way of providing nutrition in treating hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and acute deterioration and coma, other means of therapy such as plasms "laundering" appear to be necessary in patients with fulminant hepatitis. PMID- 818730 TI - Ventricular aneurysm in Chagas' myocardiopathy: clinical, epidemiologic, angiographic features. PMID- 818731 TI - New developments in our knowledge of gonorrhea; their implications for controlling the disease. PMID- 818732 TI - [Report from "relatives' get-together" in long term care hospitals]. PMID- 818733 TI - [Inspection of the bovine udder (author's transl)]. AB - Cell counts were made once and the presence or absence of Str. agalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. dysgalactiae and St. aureus were determined once in all quarter samples on seventeen normal dairy farms. Of 1,416 quarters studied, 347 (24.5%) showed a cell count of greater than 500,000/ml. and, of 354 udders examined, 202 (57.1%) showed a cell count of greater than 500,000/ml. The total number of quarters infected with pathogenic agents was 287 (20.3%), the number of infected udders being 159 (48.3%). The findings reported by the present author should also be taken into account in the recent discussion of the question whether the udders of lactating cattle intended for slaughter should be systematically condemned or, at any rate, should only be designed for human consumption after having been passed. PMID- 818734 TI - Acute severe mastitis in cows of the Dutch-Friesian Breed (author's transl). AB - One hundred cases of severe acute mastitis are reported. Bacteriological examination of the milk was negative in 23% of the cases. E. coli was most frequently found to be the causative organism (23%), followed by St. aureus (19%), C. pyogenes (10%), Str. dysgalactiae (9%), Str. agalactiae (5%) and a number of other pathogenic agents such as atypical streptococci, Str. uberis, haemolytic streptococci, Aerobacter aerogenes, Kl. pneumoniae, a clostridium and P. multocida. In several cases, a tentative diagnosis may be based on the clinical symptoms, which is then found to be correct on bacteriological examination of the milk. The prognosis will vary with the causative organism. Treatment was life-saving in more than 90% of the cases, the milk-producing capacity of the affected quarter being completely preserved in 36% and partly preserved in 27% of the cases. PMID- 818735 TI - [Use of the milk ring test in herd samples (author's transl)]. AB - Performing the milk ring test in herd samples from herds of approximately twenty dairy cows is an acceptable method in checking herds for brucellosis. Herds of approximately forty dairy cows or more are unsuited for this method of checking. For the above reasons, it is essential that the compulsory examination of the blood of aborting cows should be consistently carried out and that the larger herds in the threatened areas should be examined by performing the milk ring test in individual samples at regular intervals. PMID- 818736 TI - [Artificial respiration as treatment of postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery: indication, technique, results (author's transl)]. AB - From 1972 to 1974 524 patients underwent surgery with extra corporal circulation. 83 (15,8%) patients had to be postoperatively ventilated for a prolonged period or reintubed after a symptomfree interval due to anticipated or manifested complications. 31 (37%) out of these expired. There was no death due to the prolonged ventilation itself, shown by the group, in which the causes for the above treatment were others but respiratory failure or insufficiency. All patients of this group survived. Indications, technique and results are described and discussed. PMID- 818738 TI - [Health care is everyone's business (economic aspects)]. PMID- 818737 TI - [Immunologic aspects to the prevention of infection cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The humoral immunosystem is impaired in those cases of catabolic metabolism in which quantitative and qualitative insufficient alimentation is expected after operation. 2. We showed that after cardiac surgery with extracorporal circulation as well as after other operations a reasonably balanced parenteral nutrition composed of carbohydrates and amino acids could considerably inhibit the changes in the humoral immunity, which is a valuable contribution to the prevention of infection. 3. In our experiments on transformation of lymphocytes after mitogenic stimulation, the depressive effects of operation on the cellular immunity were found to be etiologically more complex than was previously assumed in publications. PMID- 818739 TI - Influence of diet on the induction of hepatic ceroid pigment in rats by polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 818741 TI - Toxicological assessment of hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzofuran in chicks. I. Relationship of chemical parameters. PMID- 818743 TI - Studies on the mechanism of potentiation of the acute toxicity of 2,4-D n-butyl ester and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide in rainbow trout by carbaryl. PMID- 818740 TI - Metabolism of 2,5,2' -trichloro-, 2,5,2',5' -tetrachloro-, and 2,4,5,2',5' pentachlorobiphenyl in rat hepatic microsomal systems. PMID- 818742 TI - Toxicological assessment of hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and 2,3,7,8, tetrachlorodibenzofuran in chicks. II. Effects on drug metabolism and porphyrin accumulation. PMID- 818744 TI - Mirex-induced suppression of biliary excretion of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds. PMID- 818745 TI - In vitro evaluation of corpus luteum function of cycling and pregnant rhesus monkeys: Progesterone Production by dispersed luteal cells. AB - Corpus luteum function in the cycling and the pregnant rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was evaluated through short term in vitro studies of progesterone production by suspensions of collagenase-dispersed luteal cells in the presence and absence of exogenous gonadotropin (human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG). Cells from mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle secreted progesterone, as measured by accumulation of this hormone in the incubation medium, and responded to the addition of 100 ng HCG/ml with a marked increase in progesterone secretion significantly above basal level (63.7 +/- 13.1 versus 24.7 +/- 5.5 ng progesterone/ml/5 x 10(4) cells/3 hr, X +/- S.E., n =6 ; p less than 0.05). However, luteal cells from early pregnancy (23-26 days after fertilization) secreted siginificantly less progesterone than cells of the non-fertile menstrual cycle (3.6 +/- 2.4 versus 24.7 +/- 5.5 ng/ml/5 x 10(4) cells/3 hr, n =3 ; p less than 0.05) and did not respond to HCG with enhanced secretion. By mid-pregnancy (108-118 days gestation ) luteal cells exhibited partially renewed function, and near the time of parturition (163-166 days gestation) basal and HCG-stimulated progesterone secretion (30.2 +/- 5.6 and 63.0 +/- 13.0 ng/ml/5 x 10(4) cells/3 hr, respectively; n = 3) was equivalent to that of cells from the luteal phase of the non-fertile menstrual cycle. The data suggest that following a period around the fourth week of gestation, when steroidogenic activity is markedly diminished, the corpus luteum of pregnancy progressively reacquires its functional capacity and at term exhibits gonadotropin-sensitive steroidogenesis similar to that the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 818746 TI - A model for spasm of the anterior cerebral artery. AB - A model for production of spasm of the anterior cerebral artery in primates is presented. The model consists of injection of 0.35 cc of fresh blood into the chiasmatic cistern through the optic canal after orbital exenteration. Clinical and angiographical follow-up is possible. The clinical appraisal of acute and chronic changes can be accomplished in the awake animal. PMID- 818747 TI - Long-term EKG monitoring in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. AB - Cardiac dysrhythmia may be responsible for signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency in some patients. Ten patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency were monitored for up to 24 hours with the Holter EKG monitor. Eight of the patients had transient ischemic attacks and two had mild deficits from a completed stroke. Eight of the ten patients had associated abnormal cerebral angiography, the most frequent finding being carotid stenosis. Holter EKG monitor in these ten patients showed no abnormalities in four patients. The remaining six had a variety of cardiac dysrhythmias. Although there were a variety of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and neurological abnormalities in these ten patients, six of these patients had a disturbance in cardiac rhythm or conduction which could have been directly associated with or suggest an etiology for the patient's neurological event. PMID- 818748 TI - Studies on the cerebral circulation of the baboon in acutely induced hypertension. AB - The upper limit autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was investigated in eight young baboons with the intracarotid 133xenon clearance method. Blood pressure was increased by intravenous angiotensin infusion. Autoregulation was effective during blood pressure increase from normotensive levels to a mean pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg. At this pressure, cerebrovascular resistance reached a maximum. With further blood pressure increase, autoregulation was broken, and the vascular resistance dropped significantly. This flow increase was restricted to the fast component of the 133xenon clearance curve, leaving slow component unchanged. PMID- 818749 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol on cerebral blood flow, autoregulation and CO2 responsiveness. AB - Cerebral autoregulation and vasomotor responsiveness to carbon dioxide were measured quantitatively in normal baboons and after intravertebral or intravenous of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal). Continuous measurements were made of cerebral blood flow (CBF: measured as bilateral internal jugular venous outflow using an electromagnetic flowmeter), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), arterial Po2 and Pco2 and venous Po2, cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference and endotracheal Pco2. The autoregulation index (A.I. = deltaCBF/deltaCPP) and the chemical index (C.I.= deltaCBF/deltaPaco2), were used as quantitative measures. PMID- 818750 TI - Developmental anomalies in the organogenesis of the eyeball. Bilateral diophthalmos. AB - A case is described of a 4-month-old boy presenting with a bilateral microphthalmos with cyst. Detailed examination of one eye and cyst suggested that the cyst was atypical and represented an attempt at the formation of an extra eye on the same optic stalk. Such a developmental anomaly has not been described before and the term 'diophthalmos' is proposed as an appropriate name. PMID- 818751 TI - Computerized tomographic scanning (EMI scan) in neuro-ophthalmology. PMID- 818753 TI - The immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin A in monkeys. AB - These studies were performed to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin A (ConA) in monkeys. Bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) weighing between 2.5-3.5 kg were used. Following the exchange of full thickness skin allografts in randomly selected animals, gross and histopathological studies of the rejection reaction were performed. Gross observations showed the allograft reaction in control animals to be a well defined phenomenon occurring at 9.0 +/- 0.7 days. In contrast the rejection process in animals that received i.v. ConA was a poorly defined prolonged process occurring at 14.8 +/- 3.9 days (single 75 mg dose of ConA), and 19.0 +/- 2.2 days (75 mg 1 day before and 25 mg 3 days after grafting). In monkeys that received the double dose schedule of ConA, histopathological studies showed distinct retardation of the rejection reaction with reduced lymphocytic infiltration of the graft-host junction. Control grafts showed almost complete rejection in 7-9 days while allografts on ConA-treated animals showed corresponding degrees of destruction only by the 15th day. These studies indicate that ConA does have an immunosuppressive effect in vivo in monkeys. The local and systemic toxic effects of ConA encountered in these animals have been reported and its haematological effects in vivo briefly described. PMID- 818752 TI - Adenine arabinoside in the management of herpetic keratitis. AB - Ara-A is an effective antiviral agent in the treatment of herpetic ulceration. Its use leads to a quick and high cure rate, and clinical resistance is low. It can successfully be used in cases showing complications after treatment with other antiviral agents. PMID- 818754 TI - Transplantation of pancreatic islets into the spleen of diabetic rats and subsequent splenectomy. PMID- 818755 TI - [Method of electron microscopic autoradiography for studying the structural functional organization of particular regions of polytene chromosomes]. AB - A method is described permitting to select particular chromosome regions and to compare their morphology as seen under the light and electron microscope levels with data of electronmicroscopic autoradiography. This method can be employed in studies with specific labelled precursors. PMID- 818756 TI - [Use of resources by general practitioners, distributed according to disease categories. A pilot study]. PMID- 818757 TI - [Pharangeo-esophageal diverticula--Zenker's diverticula. Brief review and report of clinical material]. PMID- 818758 TI - [Zinc depletion syndrome with acrodermatitis during long-term parenteral nutrition. 2 cases treated with oral and intravenous zinc]. PMID- 818759 TI - Pathologic changes of the orbital bones. AB - The orbital bones may show nearly all the pathologic changes observed in the skull and in the face. The congenital anomalies in this area are numerous and involve mainly various forms of craniostenoses. Among the benign osseous tumors the osteoma is most frequently encountered in the orbit. Fibrous dysplasia is a tumefaction of undeterminate behavior which often involves the orbit. Osteosarcoma or other malignant neoplasms are rarely seen in this area. Eosinophilic granuloma and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease are tumorlike lesions which may involve the orbit. PMID- 818760 TI - Magnetic fettering of the ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 818761 TI - Chemical analysis of five species of Aspergillus by combined scanning electron microscopy and x-ray spectrometry. PMID- 818762 TI - Induction of conjugation in Stentor coeruleus. PMID- 818763 TI - Role of pallidal projections in species- typical display behavior of squirrel monkey. PMID- 818764 TI - A functional analysis of cortical motor sensory convergence areas in the monkey. PMID- 818765 TI - The Sixth Annual Foster Elting Bennett Memorial Lecture. The physiology of visual perception and behavior. PMID- 818766 TI - Cerebellar control of amygdaloid seizures. PMID- 818767 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in delayed brain swelling following X-irradiation of the right occipital lobe in the monkey. PMID- 818768 TI - Neuronal types in the monkey neostraitum. PMID- 818769 TI - The ocular dominance columns of the striate cortex as studied by the deoxyglucose method for measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization. PMID- 818770 TI - Morphological and biochemical effects of chronic cerebellar stimulation in monkey. PMID- 818771 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of benign non-epithelial tumors and cysts of the esophagus]. AB - Based on questionnaires, roentgenological and esophagotonokimographic studies the authors present an analysis of the results of surgical therapy in 33 patients showing benign non-epithelial neoplasms of the esophagus. Comparative data on the frequency and character of pathological signs appearing prior to and after surgery are reported. The necessity of a differential approach to formulating indications to surgical treatment of benign esophageal tumors and cysts is emphasized, since serious functional disorders arising postoperatively should be warranted by the rationality of a surgical intervention. PMID- 818772 TI - [Bacterial flora and preventive antibiotic treatment in open fractures]. AB - In 172 patients with open fractures of long tubular bones the wound bacterial flora was studied on their admission to the clinic and in occurrence of suppurative complications. There were no cases of "outdoor" microorganisms being the cause of suppuration. Pathogenic agents of suppurative infection differed from "outdoor" strains in their species content, signs of pathogenicity, sensitivity to antibiotics. As a rule, suppuration was preceded by soft tissues necrosis. Since wound suppuration was produced not by the initial or changed "outdoor" microorganisms but hospital strains, which penetrate in the wound due to inadequate observation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in surgical treatment or subsequent dressing, then prophylactic antibioticotherapy should cover mostly sensitivity of hospital bacterial strains. To this end, the study of bacteriological background for each surgical department seems to be absolutely necessary. In a small zone of the soft tissues injury under conditions of secure fixation of bone fragments with Ilizarov apparatus a limited use of antibiotics is believed to be permissible. PMID- 818773 TI - [True diverticulum of the vermiform process]. PMID- 818774 TI - [Effect of radiomimetics on the composition of proteins in the serum of dog]. AB - In this paper the protein serum of dogs was investigated after an application of the radiomimetics of beta, beta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide by means of immunoelectrophoresis. The applied dose of beta, beta'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide is 35 mg of live weight s.c. per dog. It was found that together with the lengthened time after the application the precipitation lines in the sphere of beta1- and alpha2-globulins increased. The disintegration and distance of the precipitation lines in the direction of the electrophoretic migration and immunodiffusion. In our case SE and IE in agar provide only a rough semi quantitative picture of the different protein fractions of dog serum and of their changes after an application of radiomimetics. PMID- 818775 TI - [Effect of X-radiation on the metabolism of rat erythrocytes]. AB - Rats and rabbits were whole-body irradiated with X-rays in the dose of 100 to 750 R. At daily intervals samples of blood were collected and kept in heparin. After addition 32P phosphate they were incubated for 35 minutes at 37 degrees C in vitro. Incorporation in the erythrocytes was decreased significantly from the dose of 250 to 500 R. The maximum response was obtained between the 6th and 14th day. The method can be applied for the examination of the state of the organism irradiated with the dose higher than 250 R of X-radiation. The specificity of the method is discussed. PMID- 818776 TI - [Therapy of early symptoms of radiation sickness in dogs using Pyrimetin]. AB - The antiemetic effect of Pyrimetin (V.V.M.I.) in dogs whose whole body had been irradiated with gamma rays with the dose of 500 R, administred per os, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously, immediately before the exposure and after it in the course of the initial symptoms of the radiation sickness was studied. Decreased emesis occurred after per os administration of Pyrimetin immediately before the whole body irradiation of the dogs. After an intramuscular application before the whole body irradiation two dogs vomitted, and in the case of an i.m. administration after the whole body irradiation one dog vomitted. Subcutaneous application of Pyrimetin to dogs before the whole body irradiation and also after it produced only a 30 p.c. therapeutic effect. PMID- 818777 TI - [Biochemical indicator of post-irradiation injury in cattle]. AB - A biochemical indicator of post-irradiation injury, recording the increased secretion of metabolites of nucleic acids in the urine of whole-body irradiated cattle in the first 6-12 hours after exposure was worked out. This test consists in the determination of deoxycytidine substances by means of the test with thiobarbituric acid after a previous isolation by means of ion exchange chromatography. A significant increase of the excretion of deoxycytidine substances which was proportionate to the dose of irradiation and made it possible to divide the irradiated cattle into animals showing light, medium, and severe forms of the irradiation sickness was found. PMID- 818778 TI - [Dynamics of early changes in the white component of the peripheral blood of whole-body irradiated cattle]. AB - Some new findings regarded the dynamics of the changes in the white component of peripheral blood, particularly at early intervals in the case of three clinically differing doses of ionizing radiation were obtained. At the highest dose early nonspecific leucocytosis was recorded only six hours after the exposure. Significant neutrophili occurred in the case of all three doses beginning from the sixth hour. With the highest dose it had the shortest duration and highest values, and at the smallest dose the opposite was the case. In the case of the highest dose leucopenia sets in after 24 hours, and in the case of the other doses not until after 36 hours. Lymphopenia appears already after 6 hours, the consequences according to the doses, however, manifest themselves only after 12 hours. In all three groups leucopenia and lymphopenia have a constant character. It was confirmed that the changes in the white blood component were the most typical response to the exposure to ionizing radiation, and orientation and special criteria have been found for the estimation of the consequences of the forms of irradiation on the basis of numerical changes of leucocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophilic granulocytes within 72 hours after the exposure. PMID- 818779 TI - [Clinical changes in whole-body irradiated cattle]. AB - Clinical manifestations of an acute radiation sickness in groups of heifers of the age of seven to nine months, irradiated with a multipoint spatial 60Co source with the doses of 3.7, 2.0, and 1.2 J per kg-1 (450, 250, and 150 R) were studied. Those doses evoked different stages of clinical manifestations, which made it possible to differentiate severe, medium, and light forms of the radiation sickness. The different forms vary with the intensity of the clinical manifestations, with the length of survival, and, above all, with the length of latent stage. The severe form had mostly a lethal course with the exit between the 15th to 19th day, in the case of the medium form the length of survival increases to the 25th to 28th day, and the light form showed no significant clinical manifestations. PMID- 818780 TI - [Pathomorphological findings in irradiated cattle]. AB - There is a description of the finding in whole-body irradiated young cattle exposed to 60Co in the doses of 3.7 and 2.0 J kg-1 (370 and 200 rad). The principal picture is a hemorrhagic diathesis localized above all in the permanently mechanically active organs and parts of the skeletal muscles. The degree of the regeneration of lymphoid tissue was dependent on the length of survival and on the amount of absorbed dose. PMID- 818781 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on themetabolism of erythrocytes]. AB - Cyclophosphamide was applied i.p. in the dose of 100 mg kg-1 to rats. After one, two, three, and seven days the animals were killed and in the collected heparinized blood the incorporation of o-phosphate 32P in erythrocytes was determined in vitro at 37 degrees C and in 35 minutes. Decreased incorporation in animals with Cyclophosphamide indicated, compared with the control, disturbed metabolism of phosphate. The method can be applied as a criterion of secondary toxic effects in the treatment of cancerostatics of alkylation type. PMID- 818782 TI - [Evaluation of swine for sarcocystis]. PMID- 818783 TI - [Ultrastructure of Theileria annulata]. PMID- 818785 TI - [Morgagni's syndrome]. AB - Morgagni's Syndrome is a polyglandular endocrine syndrome, occurring almost exclusively in the female sex. It is characterized of the classical triad: internal frontal hyperostosis, obesity, virillism, and often accompanied by an old-age type of diabetes. In itself the hyperostosis is of little significance, but sometimes it is a valuable sign of a disorder of the carbohydrate metabolism. In many cases the syndrome is almost symptomless, in other cases senile neuro psychiatric symptoms and ailments of old age dominate the clinical picture. The internal frontal hyperostosis has no closer relation to other more or less diffuse thickenings of the skull. PMID- 818784 TI - [Study of the influence of some factors on conception and fertility rates in sheep in the anestrus period]. AB - Experiments were carried out with a total of 520 sheep, two-breed crosses, during the anestrus period (January-May) in 1972 and 1973. Estrus was induced by means of hormonal preparations, such as implants (Silestrus), vaginal swabs (Veramix), pregnant mare sera (Rigaoux) as well as estradiol-valerianat. Both the test and the control groups of animals were divided into four lots to study: a. the effect of the interval following lambing and the season on the results of hormonal treatment; b. the conception and fertility rates in lactating ewes with weaned lambs in the anestrus period; c. the effect of hormonal treatment in young and adult ewes nursing single lambs or twins and d. the influence of the functional status on the results of hormonal treatment. PMID- 818786 TI - The role of prolactin in the development of chronic progressive nephropathy in the rat. AB - Prolactin as a factor in the etiology of chronic progressive nephropathy in rats has been studied by exogenous administration and by endogenous inhibition with bromocriptin. Exogenous prolactin caused a significant increase in frequency and severity of the lesions, with accompanying sodium retention. Conversely endogenous inhibition significantly decreased the frequency and severity of the lesions and increased urine volume, pH and sodium excretion. Thus prolactin is important in the etiology of this renal disease in rats. PMID- 818788 TI - Comparison of histologic types of primary testicular germ cell tumors with their metastases: consequences for the WHO and the British Nomenclatures? PMID- 818787 TI - [Comparative enzyme-histochemical studies on normal myocardium, in cases of coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative histochemical studies with Tetrazolium salt solutions were performed on 25 human and 3 canine hearts. After perfusion of whole hearts with Tetrazolium solutions extensive unstained areas were observed which proved to be artefacts, since they reacted positively after incubation of the heart-slices. The perfusion method of Lichtig, Feldman, Glagov and Wissler (1973) which was proposed for macroscopic and microscopic diagnosis of ischemic cardiac lesions was not found to be suitable for the identification of microcirculatory disturbances. The usual incubation method, however, proved to be useful for the macroscopic localization of recent myocardial infarcts. PMID- 818789 TI - The influence of immobilization on osteocyte morphology: osteocyte differential count and electron microscopical studies. AB - Differential counts and electron microscopical studies of osteocytes were performed on rats immobilized by spinal cord severing, plaster cast and ischiatic nerve dissection. In undecalcified ground sections of tibia and femur (100 micron) stained with basic fuchsin, osteocytes were differentiated into small (metabolically inactive) osteocy es enlarged (metabolically activated) osteocytes and empty lacunae. In rats (immobilizedfor' three weeks) with functioning parathyroid glands, but not after parathyroidectomy, the number of activated cells is markedly increased, whereas the number of small osteocytes is reduced. In animals with spinal cord severing the number of empty lacunae is also increased. Electron microscopical studies of undecalcified tibiae taken from rats immobilized for ten days showed a periosteocytic osteolysis with destruction of the lacunar wall, fragmentation of collagen fibres and loss of mineral crystals. The cytoplasmic seams of osteocytes were broadened, mitochondria were enlarged, and the cytoplasma showed vacuoles containing amorphous material which could be found in the pericellular space. Deep invaginations of the cytoplasma and an increase of the cell processes were typical findings. The results of the investigation point to an activation of osteocyte metabolism by immobilization. The osteocytes thus play an important part at the onset of immobilization osteoporosis. Periosteocytic osteolysis can be inhibited by parathyroidectomy. Therefore, the response of osteocytes to endogenous parathyroid hormone must be altered under conditions of immobilization. PMID- 818790 TI - A simple method for differentiating vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture. AB - The morphologic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture is difficult if not impossible. By direct immunofluorescence, it is possible to distinguish between vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts after 6 to 10 days in tissue culture. Microfilaments appear from the 6th to the 10th day. After an incubation period of 30 minutes with antibody against smooth muscle actomyosin at room temperature, microfilaments are demonstrable in smooth muscle cells. In contrast, fibroblasts, if incubated for the same period, show strong nuclear fluorescence and a primary fluorescence of the cytoplasm, but filaments are not visible. If fibroblasts are incubated with antiactomyosin for one hour at 37 degrees C, however microfilaments are easily detectable. With this method it is possible to differentiate in a simple manner vascular smooth muscle cells from fibroblasts in a heterologous tissue culture. PMID- 818791 TI - [Malignant and benign lymphomas of the eye, eyelid, and orbit (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-three lymphomas of the eye, eyelid, and orbit were chosen study from biopsy material of the Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, and the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. There were 12 malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 11 benign lymphomas. Catamnestic examination confirmed the histologic diagnosis in all 11 cases of benign lymphoma. Eleven of the malignant lymphomas represented immunocytomas and were therefore a low-grade malignancy. In contrast, there was only one case of malignant lymphoma of high-grade malignancy, which was diagnosed as centroblastic lymphoma. The immunocytoma was retrobulbar in one third of our cases and conjuctival in only 2 cases, whereas benign lymphoma had developed in the conjunctiva in 7 of 11 cases. Immunocytoma represents a tumor composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells or plasmacytoid cells. PAS-positive globular inclusions are usually found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the plasma cells or plasmacytoid cells. PMID- 818792 TI - The structure of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in Addison's disease, Bartter's syndrome, and in Conn's syndrome: a comparative, morphometric, light microscopic study on serial secions. AB - Continuing and supplementing previous morphometric studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of normal kidneys we have now investigated semi-thin serial sections of each 10 hyperplastic and hypertrophied JGAs in Addison's disease and in Bartter's syndrome, as well as 8 atrophic JGAs in Conn's syndrome. With the exception of Bartter's syndrome, where in only two out of ten JGAs the efferent arteriole, and in none of them the afferent arteriole touches immediately the macula densa, there is an almost regular direct contact between the hilar arterioles and the macula densa like in normal kidneys. The Goormaghtigh cell field invariably touches the macula densa. In Bartter's syndrome, but not in Addison's disease, a considerable enlargement of the macula densa was measured, associated with an exceptional enlargement of the Goormaghtigh cell field. In all cases examined here about 40-60% of the basal area of the macula densa do not have any direct contact with other structures forming the JGA. PMID- 818793 TI - Globular hyaline microthrombi--their nature and morphogenesis. AB - The ultrastructure of globular hyaline microthrombi (GHM) is characterized by a spherical space lattice of frequently interconnected bundles of fibres of different width, with a periodic transverse striation and the fibrin characteristic axial periodicity of 23 nm. These are surrounded by plump or slender bundles of fibres spreading radially over the surface which are only ocassionally interlinked. These filamentary formations of the so-called corona are also characterized by the fibrin-characteristic periodicity. Part of the GHM, however, lacks this axial periodicity, and periodic striation is then only visible in the radially extending fibrils of the corona. The spherical sace lattices with their plump or slender fibrillary fibrin bundles are also replaced by mosaic-like or nearly amorphous fine-grained precipitates. All intermediate stages between these main types of GHM can be found. The disappearance of the axial periodicity and of the fibrillary structure of the spherical space lattices is considered to be the morphological equivalent of seocndary fibrinolysis, here called endolysis, in the centre of the GHM. The morphogenesis of the GHM in states of shock of different aetiologies is discussed. PMID- 818794 TI - [Experimentally induced heart muscle fiber necroses after premedication with strophanthin (author's transl)]. AB - Number and degree of angiotensin-induced heart muscle necrosis in the rat (75 mg/kg body weight) are diminuished by premedication with strophanthin (2 X 10(-2) MG/KG BODY WEIGHT). The electron-microscopic findings are also changed: the application of angiotensin only results in vacuolization of mitochondria and a dilatation of theendoplasmatic reticulum while myofibrils are unaltered. Angiotensin in combination with strophanthin has a direct destructive effect on the myofibrils without evident changes of the mitochondria and tubular system of the heart. The protective action of Strophanithin on the heart muscle cell is discussed in the sense of an exonomization of the cellular metabolism under conditions of relative coronary insufficiency, induced by the vasoconstructive effect of angiotensin. PMID- 818796 TI - [So-called fibrous long-spacing collagen in a murine osteosarcoma (author's transl) ]. AB - Peculiar periodically banded structures were found in the extracellular spaces of a vascular type of a murine osteosarcoma. The structures consisted of fine almost parallely arranged filaments with electron-dense cross-bands of about 35-50 nm thickness. The periodicity of the bands was about 85-100 nm. Similar structures have been found by many authors in various tissues of different species. Commonly, they have been referred to as "fibrous long-spacing collagen". PMID- 818795 TI - Pathomorphologic findings in severe combined immunodeficiency and reticular dysgenesia. AB - Pathomorphologic findings in an 11 month old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency (case 1) and in a 4-month old boy with reticular dysgenesia (case 2) are reported. Case 1: The bone marrow exhibited regular granulo-, erythro- and thrombopoiesis. The hypoplastic thymus consisted exclusively of epithelial reticulum cells. The spleen and lymph nodes showed considerable depletion of lymphocytes in both the T- and B-cell areas. There was a complete lack of all lymphatic structures in the gastrointestinal tract and aplasia of the tonsils. Death resulted from Candida sepsis in conjunction with giant cell pneumonia closely resembling Hecht's pneumonia in measles. Case 2: The bone marrow showed a total lack of granulopoiesis. The storngly dysplastic thymus weighed only 1 g. The spleen, the lymph nodes and the gastrointestinal tract exhibited a very strange histologic structure resulting from a complete absence of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tonsils were aplastic, the para-thyroid glands as well as the other endocrine glands were normally developed. The cause of death was Klebsiella sepsis and Pneumocystis pneumonia, the latter without the characteristic interstitial plasma cell infiltration. The importance of the immune system for activation of the nonspecific mechanisma of defense is discussed with respect to the two types of immunodeficiency states described here. PMID- 818797 TI - A carcinoid occurring in the testis. AB - Carcinoids of the testis are rare tumours developing in three different ways: 1. It may differentiate within a teratoma, 2. it may be a metastasis of a "loco alieno" seated carcubiud abd 3. it may represent a real primary carcinoid. The observation of a primary testicular carcinoid in a man aged 55 years afforded the opportunity to study such a tumor for the first time by electron microscopic and fluorescence microscopic methods. Thereby, it could bw shown, that this testicular carcinoid corresponds to the carcinoids of the lower small gut. According to the specific ultrastructure of the intracytoplasmic granules it must derive histogenetically from an EC-cell. At the moment it cannot be decided whether the primary testicular carcinoid represents an autochthonous tumor of the male gonad or solely a teratoma with one-sided differentiation in the sense of a simplified teratoma. PMID- 818799 TI - Fine structural changes of bone cells in experimental nutritional osteodystrophy of green iguanas. AB - Lizards, especially iguanids and varanids, frequently develop nutritional osteodystrophy in captivity, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Green iguanas fed an experimental diet low in calcium (0.2%) and adequate in phosphorus (1.1%) developed severe osteoporosis characterized by flattened inactive osteoblasts, marked resorption of endosteal bone by large multinucleated osteoclasts, and pronounced resorption of cortical bone by osteocytic osteolysis. Iguanas fed an experimental diet low in both calcium (0.1%) and phosphorus (0.2%) developed osteoporosis with osteomalacia characterized by large active osteoblasts overlying wide osteoid seams, marked osteoclastic resorption of endosteal bone, and large osteocytic lacunae which had a prominent layer of osteoid. Osteocytes in iguanas fed the low calcium diets were small in relation to the size of their lacuanae and contained abundant microtubules, microfilaments and mitochondria but a paucity of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mean ash content of tibias from iguanas fed the low calcium diets was lower, particularly in iguanas that developed severe oseomalacia, than in iguanas fed the control diet (2.7% calcium, 1.1% phosphorus). The ultrastructural evidence suggesting active bone formation, osteoclastic resorption, and osteocytic osteolysis seen in control iguanas was consistent with that of a young growing animal. The results of this investigation demonstrated that experimental iguanas fed diets low in calcium developed hypocalcemia and compensatory hyperparathyroidism resulting in progressive osteoporosis due to osteoclastic and osteocytic osteolysis. PMID- 818798 TI - Transmaternal variation of the Berenblum experiment with NMRI-mice: tumour initiation with DMBA via mothers milk followed by promotion with the phorbol ester TPA. AB - DMBA which is applied transmaternally via the mothers milk can initiate tumour cells in the F-1 generation. Subsequent application of the tumour promoter TPA to the back skin of the young animals induced the formation of skin papillomas and carcinomas. Animals treated according to this scheme also developed malignant neoplasms in the other organs. Control animals treated with DMBA only, rarely developed tumours, whereas treatment with TPA alone had no effect. This variation of the Berenblum-experiment suggests that the transfer of carcinogens in human milk should be considered in addition to transplacental carcinogen transfer as a potential hazard to the developing human infant. PMID- 818801 TI - Quantitative study of lymphoreticular infiltration into canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. AB - Lymphoreticular cell (LRC) infiltration into tumour masses at different stages of growth after transplantation was studied in canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS). The percent viable LRC of total viable cells in tumour suspensions shows an inverse correlation with the logs of tumour mass of adult dogs (R = -0.475, phi = 28, P less than 0.01), which suggests that the degree of LRC infiltration is a measure of the host immune response. However, an estimate of the surface area (S.A.) of the tumour rather well perfused with blood elements based on the formula S.A. = 5.43 (tumour mass in g)2/3 showed that the LRC mass present in a tumour was a function of its surface area. Thus, the inverse correlation of the percent viable LRC's in a viable tumour cell suspension to the log of the CTVS mass might not necessarily indicate that the infiltrated LRC's were active as immune effector cells. The correlation does show that, as the CTVS size increases, the volume of the necrotic center increases more rapidly than the volume perfused with blood and, therefore, the percent viable LRC's in CTVS decreases with CTVS size increase. PMID- 818800 TI - Glomerular findings in mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia. Light, electron microscopic, immunofluorescence and histochemical correlations. AB - A case of immune-complex glomerulonephritis with membrano-proliferative patterns in a patient with mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia has been investigated; particular attention has been payed to histological immunofluorescence, histochemical and electron microscopical findings in order to elucidate the nature of the intraluminal thrombi. The so called thrombi, strongly positive for IgG and IgM with the immunofluorescence, appeared to be clusters of mononuclear cells which, for their ultrastructural and histochemical (non-specific esterase activity) patterns have been considered as monocytes. They showed cytoplasmic vacuoles containing microtubular structures; the latter have been detected free in the capillary lumina and in the basement membranes as well. These structures have been considered as the ultrastructural counterpart of the IgG-IgM immune complexes responsible of the nephropathy. Monocytes have been hypothesized to play a pathogenetical role, acting as cleaners of the cryoprecipitate from the capillary lumina. PMID- 818802 TI - Classification of cells in vaginal smears with television microscopy. AB - Properties of 924 cells were measured using a television microscope. A program was written using measured properties discriminating between normal and malignant cells. An investigation of the number of free-lying whole cells and free-lying nuclei on a malignant smear is presented. It is shown that it is possible to get a rather accurate discrimination for single cells using television microscopy with only 10 grey-levels and measuring only density of nucleus, cytoplasm and size of nucleus. However, if classification of single cells should be applied to classify an entire smear, the accuracy in the classification of the single cells must be very high. PMID- 818803 TI - Cytochemical and ultrastructural differentiation of enteroglucagon and pancreatic type glucagon cells of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Coordinated studies have been carried out on the glucagon immunoreactive cells of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (man, dog, rat), using electron microscopy, silver staining and immunocytochemistry. Parallel ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies have been made with the semithin-thin serial section technique. The results indicate that while the glucagon cells of the oxyntic portion of the stomach are virtually indistinguishable from those of the pancreatic islets (A cells) those of the intestine (EG cells) are completely different. Proper identification of glucagon immunoreactive cells requires the application of morphological and silver staining techniques, at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 818804 TI - [Pregnancy induced DNA synthesis in parenchymatous organs of the rat. Autoradiographic investigations following permanent infusion of 3H-thymidine (author's transl)]. AB - Autoradiographic investigations, after permanent infusion of 3H-thymidine during the whole course of pregnancy in 3 to 5 months old white Spraque-Dawley rats of 220-305 g body weight demonstrate an enhanced DNA synthesis in all cell systems tested. 1. In the liver the mean value of the proliferation index in the hepatocytes increases from a control value of 0.7% to 10.4%, in the epithelia of the portal ducts from 6.7% to 42.4% and in the sinus cells from 3.7% to 23.9% at the end of pregnancy. The corresponding values in the pancreas run up to 6.3% (3.4%) in the acinus parenchyma and 19.6% (8.8%) in the islet cells of Langerhans. In the duct epithelia no significant increase of labelled cells can be found. In the kidney, the number of DNA synthesizing tubular cells depends on their localization within the nephron: in the epithelia of the proximal tubulus the proliferation index amounts to 2.7% (0.6%), in that of the distal tubulus to 4.5% (1.4%). The highest percentual increase in comparison with the control animals results in the proximal tubular epithelia of pregnant rats. The cells of the glomerula are practically uninvolved. 2. The enhanced proliferation may rest on the influence of hypophysial or placental hormones--especially of somatotropins--as well as on an intensified function of the organs during pregnancy. Both hormonal and functional stimuli are closely mixed up in their significance for the pregnancy-induced DNA syntheses, accordingly their effect cannot be separated exactly. The hormones seemingly represent the inducing factor for the increased DNA syntheses during pregnancy which is realized in a variable amount within the organs depending on their different functional enhancement. 3. The increase of the proliferation indices ranges considerably from individual to individual, but within one single animal all cellular systems are afflicted in the same way. The individual ranges of the proliferation rates within the organs are directly proportional to the weight of the offsprings and indirectly proportional to the weight of the mother. The only exception of this is in the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney. The important influence of adaptation drocesses to the enhanced function of an organ during pregnancy is emphasized by this fact. PMID- 818805 TI - Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the cyanophage AS-1M. I. Ultrastructure of infection and phage assembly. PMID- 818806 TI - Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the cyanophage AS-1M. II. Protein and DNA synthesis. PMID- 818807 TI - Infection of Synechococcus cedrorum by the cyanophage AS-1M. III. Cellular metabolism and phage development. PMID- 818808 TI - [Herpes virus in cell cultures of the hematopoietic organs of Hamadrymas baboons with hemoblastosis]. AB - Five transplantable suspension lymphblastoid cell cultures from haematopoietic organs of baboons with malignant lymphoma were obtained, designated as KMPG-1, SPG-1, 2, 3, 4. The cells of these suspension cultures contain HVP virus belonging to herpes-type according to morphological (electron-microscopic) investigation, but differing from infectious viruses of this group and closely related to Epstein-Barr virus as evidenced by its characteristics. In conformity with the preliminary data the isolated HVP virus is oncogenic for M. arctoides monkeys. PMID- 818809 TI - [Disturbances in carbohydrate and fat metabolism in rats during aging, permanent estrus and the administration of DMBA]. AB - In old female rats there was revealed an impaired tolerance to carbohydrates a decreased sensitivity to insulin and an impaired regulation of the level of nonesterified fatty acids in blood under the glucose loading. These alterations could be observed already in young rats, while inducing the persistent estrus by autoimplantation of the ovary into the tail after ovariectomy and in DMBA injection. In old rats with the induced persistent estrus a diabetic character of the sugar curve was noted. The data obtained indicate an increased threshold of the hypothalamus sensitivity to homeostatic inhibition with glucose in rats in ageing, an experimentally induced persistent estrus and the carcinogen injection. PMID- 818811 TI - Rhmod, a second kindred (Craig). AB - Three Rhmod siblings were found to have identical Rh: w1, w2, -3, -4, w5 (see article) phenotypes. All had stomatocytic hemolytic anemia. On quantitative hemagglutination studies, as well as on hand tests, all Rh antigens were not equally depressed. Rh17 (Hr0, 'not D') and Rh29 (RH, 'total Rh') were both normal. Rh5 (hr", e) was only slightly depressed. Rh25 (LW) had 50% of the expression expected in normal Rh:-1 cells. Rh1 (Rh0, D), Rh13 (RhA), Rh14 (RhB), Rh15 (RhC), and Rh16 (RhD), were severely depressed. Rh2 (rh', C) was depressed, while Rh7 (rhi, Ce) was absent. Both Rh19 (hrS) and Rh31 (hrB) were depressed. Rh12 (rhG, G) was distinctly depressed, scoring considerably less than rGrG red cells. The unrelated parents, the child of the proposita, and some siblings of each parent showed lessened depression of Rh antigens without displaying the consistent pattern that might be expected from a presumed single suppressor gene. Absence of a consistent pattern may have resulted from differing Rh genotypes, but a frequently observed depression involved Rh14, Rh15, and Rh16 (RhB, RhC, and RhD) without an effect on either Rh1 (RH3 or D) or Rh13 (RhA). PMID- 818810 TI - Preparation of 131I-asialo-alpha1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) was prepared from a byproduct of the ethanol plasma fractionation by means of ion-exchange procedures. Immunoelectrophoresis suggested a high degree of purity; the purified protein contained 13.5% sialic acid and 17.8% hexose. The alpha1-acid glycoprotein was modified by removal of sialic acid with neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) followed by iodination with 131I. The purpose of the preparation, its potential use as a pharmacon for liver function studies in nuclear medicine is the subject of further study. PMID- 818812 TI - Albumin autoagglutinating phenomenon as a factor contributing to false positive reactions when typing with rapid slide-test reagents. AB - A case of albumin autoagglutination has illustrated the point that this phenomenon may be a further source of false positive reactions when typing with rapid slide-test reagents. As agglutination only occurred with the bovine albumin solution and slide-test reagents from a single manufacturer, it is evident that control tests must be performed not merely with a high protein solution duplicating the formulation of the slide-test reagent itself, but with one from the same commercial source as the reagent. PMID- 818813 TI - Automated readout of the BG-8 blood-grouping machine. Results of 10,000 blood group and 4,000 rhesus D factor determinations. AB - An automated readout device recording light transmission in the eight channels of the BG-8, blood-grouping machine after removal of agglutinates is described. Using a continuous recording of positive or negative signals in the eight channels independently, 7.5% of 10,000 blood group determinations had to be retested because of clots in the samples, lacking reactions or excess reactions on the recorder. No incorrect recordings of blood groups were obtained, however. Using anti-D serum together with anti-CDE serum, the rhesus D factor was correctly detected in 99.92% of 3,891 samples, and the Du factor was detected in all 5 samples known to carry this antigen. Using a discontinuous recording of integrated and synchronised signals, adapted to fully automated data processing, another 5% of the samples had to be retested because of inadequate phasing of the reactions in the eight channels of the BQ-8. The results described are influenced by the poor quality of the blood samples used for the study. PMID- 818814 TI - A new case of monoclonal IgA kappa cold agglutinin with anti-Pr1d specificity in a patient with persistent HB antigen cirrhosis. AB - A new case of cold agglutinin disease in a patient who had a long lasting Raynaud's phenomenon without hemolysis and a persistent HB antigen cirrhosis, is reported. The cold agglutinin is a monoclonal IgA kappa antibody which reacts at 4degreesC to a titer of 256. As the three other cases described in the literature, it demonstrates Pr1 specificity. The eluate from human cells reacts with rat and dog cells whose receptor is destroyed by both papain and neuraminidase, thus eliciting the characteristic Pr1d specificity. PMID- 818815 TI - [Dynamics of metalloenzymes and indicators of external respiration during treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 818816 TI - [Further study of the pathological process induced in monkeys by LPV oncornavirus]. AB - Experiments were performed on pathogenicity of LPV oncornavirus and Mason-Pfizer like virus for monkeys Macaca mulatta. The mixture of culture fluid and cell homogenate ultrafiltrates of virus-producing T-9 cell line was used as a source of LPV virus. The same materials derived from HEp-2 continuous cell line served as a source of Mason-Pfizer-like virus. As a control monkeys were inoculated with ultrafiltrates from human diploid cells. The clinical and pathomorphological analysis of experimental results leads to the conclusion, that only LPV virus induced different forms of haemacytoblastosis in monkeys that confirms our previous observations. PMID- 818817 TI - [Use of Mancini's method of simple radial immunodiffusion]. AB - The sensitivity of Mancini's test of simple radial immunodiffusion depends upon a number of conditions which in certain combinations may increase the sensitivity of the test 4-5-fold. Using empirical formulas a table has been composed stating the sizes of precipitation ring diameters at different concentrations of antiglobulin sera and dilutions of standard sera. Using this table, the optimal concentration of antiglobulin sera in agar may be calculated with minimal number of preliminary tests. PMID- 818818 TI - [Therapeutic effect of glibenclamide contrasted with other oral antidiabetic agents]. AB - The investigation is realized with 50 diabetics, considered suitable for oral therapy that revealed excellent or satisfactory effect from the Glybenclamide treatment (GCL), applied separately or in combination with butyl biguanide. GCL was established to give far better results than the rest oral antidabetic drugs, permitting a better metabolic syndrome compensation. GCL effect is more manifested than that of tolbutamide. The better therapeutic effect of GCL is obvious as compared with chloropropamide and butyl biguanide, but not so well manifested as with tolbutamide. The therapeutic GCL effect is better in almost all followed up ages, the most advanced incld., which is not cogent for the rest of the oral preparations. Side effects and severe hypoglycemic incidence, reported by other authors, were not observed during the investigation. PMID- 818820 TI - [The significance of radioimmunological HPL determination in obstetrics (author's transl)]. AB - The serum HPL level was studied in normal and high-risk pregnancies. 30 patients with premature labour showed significantly decreased levels. In 24 patients with monosymptomatic toxaemia, HPL patterns showed a statistically significant deviation from the normal standard curve; a highly significant decrease was observed in 23 cases of polysymptomatic gestoses. As opposed to the results of other authors, no significant difference from the normal distribution of HPL was found in cases of Rh sensitisation (13 patients) and diabetes mellitus (16 patients). A noteworthy results was seen in 19 cases of cervix insufficiency: after purse-string suturing of the cervix (original method of Shirodkar), the previously low plasma HPL level rapidly rose to normal levels. Because of the small number of cases without an adequate control group this phenomenon cannot be attributed with certainly, as yet, to the cerclage procedure. PMID- 818819 TI - [Aspects of epilepsy in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Between 3700 and 3900 children are admitted annually to this children's hospital. During the past four years a total of 455 children with convulsions were admitted for investigation. 255 of these cases were calcified as epilepsy, 202 as febrile convulsions and 28 as neonatal convulsions. A quarter of the epileptic children showed fits of the petit mal type. There were only 5 cases of infantile propulsive petit mal. High frequency of fits and, in particular, status epilepticus, were very rarely seen in the present study. A case of self-induced photosensitive epilepsy, later combined with psychomotor epilepsy, is referred to in detail. Of 149 children with grand mal epilepsy, 36 were classed as idiopathic, and 88 as symptomatic cases. 37 of the symptomatic cases showed focal epilepsy with generalisation. It was concluded from the clinical course and the EEG that the combined effects of familial predisposition towards fits and exogenous cerebral lesions were operative factors in 14 patients. Children with febrile, convulsions possessed an EEG suggestive of a familial predisposition towards fits in slightly more than 50% of the cases. No cause could be found for the seizures in 5 infants with neonatal convulsions, but the mother of one of these infants was an epileptic herself, undergoing treatment with anticonvulsive drugs in high dosage and a withdrawal syndrome was suspected in this particular case. 17 infants with neonatal convulsions were symptomless on leaving hospital and remained so during the first year of life. Of the remaining cases, 10 showed neurological disturbances and one died. There was only one case in which neonatal convulsions progressed directly to epilepsy. The peak incidence of the first appearance of fits occurred during the first year of life (136 children), with 18% of the entire case material presenting within the first 6 months. 108 children presented with fits for the first time during the second year of life. Thereafter, the tendency towards the development of fits for the first time in life declined with increasing age. PMID- 818821 TI - [Partial parenteral nutrition in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) was compared with the effect of a calorie-free solution in 2 groups of patients (n = 10) with acute myocardial infarction. Both groups received the same daily diet of 800 to 1000 Cal. The control group was given, in addition, a calorie-free electrolyte solution and the PPN group was given a nutritious solution consisting of 1000 Cal carbohydrate and 26.5 g 1-amino acids daily by means of a subclavian catheter. The exact monitoring of the water balance indicated that patients with acute myocardial infarction can safely be given parenteral nutrition. Neither haemodynamic nor metabolic complications occurred in the group with PPN due to the small infusion volume and the continuous administration of the infusion volume and the continuous administration of the infusion. The control group was in negative nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balance in comparison with the PPN group. This demonstrates that a hypocaloric diet is insufficient in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and causes catabolism, which can be prevented by PPN. Stimulation of healing of the myocardial infarct can be expected through the improvement of protein metabolism by PPN. PMID- 818822 TI - [Organochlorine pesticide (DDT etc.) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compound residues in human milk (from the area of Vienna and lower Austria) (author's transl]. AB - 31 samples of human milk (Vienna and Lower Austria) were examined for the presence of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compound residues using standard methods. In Viennese samples, mean concentrations of these residues in the milk fat were as follows: HCB 1.24 ppm, gamma-HCH 0.048 ppm, beta-HCH 0.20 ppm, DDE 3.38 ppm, DDT 1.06 ppm and PCB compounds 1.54 ppm. The mean levels of these substances in the milk fat samples from women living in the area of Mistelbach, Lower Austria, were: HCB 3.67 ppm, gamma-HCH 0.063 ppm, beta-HCH 0.28 ppm, DDE 3.92 ppm, DDT 1.76 ppm and PCB compounds 1.29 ppm. The difference between the content of HBC residues in milk samples from the city and from an intensively agricultural area is significant. The results are compared with figures from other countries. With the mother's milk the baby consumes a quantity of pesticides which is very often larger than the acceptable daily intake. PMID- 818823 TI - [Advances in the clinical application of quantum and electron irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - The technical perequisites for irradiation with fast electrons and high-energy photons are described in the introduction and the physical and biological development of megavoltage therapy is discussed. The role of exact treatment planning is mentioned and new developments avising from introduction of ultrasound and computer-dosimetry are demonstrated. Finally, emphasis is placed on the progress actieved with modern radiotherapeutic in the treatment of tumours in certain selected clinical fields, which appear suited to the application of electron- and photon-beam therapy. Further improvement in therapeutic results is expected with the introduction of chemotherapeutic agents, radiation sensitizers and combined surgical-radiotherapeutic biological methods. The importance of collaboration amongst various suspecialities engaged in oncology is stressed. PMID- 818825 TI - Cerebrospinal meningitis control. Report of a WHO study group. PMID- 818824 TI - [A discussion of the curability of childhood epilepsies (author's transl)]. AB - Permanent freedom from fits can be achieved in a large proportion of children with a history of epilepsy through precise individual adjustment and careful maintenance of the therapeutic regimen. A review of the cases treated at the Pediatric Clinic, out-Patient-Department for Epileptics, University of Vienna, reveals that at present about 70% of the patients have a good prognosis (the figures vary from 50 to 85%, depending on the seizure type). An important question which has received only scant attention in the literature arises in the case of patients who have remained free from epileptic fits over a period of many years, namely whether longterm antiepileptic therapy can be terminated and, if so, then when and how. Only very few studies deal specifically with this problem and even these do not provide entirely satisfactory answers to all the posed questions, not only with regard to the optimum time and mode of drug reduction, but also with regard to the principles underlying the choice of apparently suitable candidates for attempted termination of therapy. An attempt is made in this retrospective study comprising 375 patients who have been followed up over a period of at least 5 years, to throw some light on these problems. Indeed, results of statistical significance were obtained by the use of a new mathematical technique, which enables the formulation of new guiding principles in the resolution of all three above-mentioned questions. In consequence, it now appears within the power of the pediatrician to markedly reduce the risk of relapse, which in the case of childhood epilepsies, is about 20%, at present. In general, several basic principles must be adhered to. Total freedom from convulsions over an uninterrupted period of at least 3 years' duration is an absolute prerequisite for consideration of cessation of therapy. Reduction in antiepileptic drug dosage should be carried out as a stepwise procedure over a period of about 2 years. Regular clinical and EEG follow-up examinations should be performed over this period of drug reduction and for 5 years subsequently, in order to recognise and counteract promptly any early signs of possible relapse. The prerequisite convulsionfree period is raised to 4 to 5 years or even longer and the time over which therapy is tailed off increased accordingly in the presence of any of the following criteria: 1. "Endogenous" tendency to relapse, 2. persistence of paroxysmal EEG abnormalities or deterioration of the EEG during the attempt to reduce the dosage of antiepileptic drugs, 3. inveterate epilepsy. The cessation of fits and the termination of medication do not yet signify that all the after-effects of epilepsy are overcome. Social integration must also be achieved before this goal is reached. The psychopathological symptomatology of the patient plays an important role in determining the outcome, whereby the level of intelligence of the patient is the decisive factor... PMID- 818826 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 818827 TI - [Erster Bericht uber eine kontrollierte klinische Untersuchung zur Prednisolon Behandlung der thorakalen Sarkoidose]. AB - 117 patients with histologically confirmed mediastino-pulmonary sarcoidosis stage I and II without extrapulmonary manifestations were included in a controlled therapeutic trial. 92 patients remained for analysis. Among these 54 were treated for 6 or 12 months with prednisolone and isoniacid; 38 were not treated. 6 and 12 months after beginning the observation, improvement was more frequent in the treated group. After 3 years and 5 years (45 patients only) however differences were no more evident: improvement was observed in about 80 per cent, complete remission in about 65 per cent in treated and untreated patients. In both groups, patients presenting dissemination in the lungs had worse results than those with hilo-mediastinal adenopathy associated or not with pulmonary dissemination. Prednisolone seems to have effects in the early phase of sarcoidosis but is apparently not so effective in respect to the general development of the illness and in preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore strict indication for therapy with corticosteroids of sarcoidosis exist when progressive pulmonary dissemination and/or reduction of pulmonary function is evident. PMID- 818828 TI - [Chemotherapy of bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - Since the autumn of 1969, studies of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy and of chemotherapy and of chemotherapy alone in bronchogenic carcinoma have been undertaken in a cooperative trial group. Preliminary data from 171 radically operated patients, 88 randomized control patients, and 460 inoperable patients receiving chemotherapy only are presented. Chemotherapy was carried out as follows: 1-2 weeks after surgery the first intravenous infusion of 500 ml of 5% Leavulose including 12 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, 12 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil, 0.5 mg/kg of methotrexate, and 0,1 mg/kg of vinblastine was administered. The protocol requires the administration of 13 such infusions within 3 years after the operation. In general, the treatment which consisted of a total of 1445 infusions administered to 171 radically operated patients, was well tolerated and caused only minor side effects. The survival rate of the treated group of patients (calculated by the life-table method) appears promising compared with the survival rate of the randomized and historical control patients. The subdivision of patients into Feinstein categories shows a great variation, indicating the importance of the clinical parameters in influencing the prognosis. Based on a total of 2752 chemotherapeutic infusions in 460 patients with inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma, it can be stated that the treatment used was surprisingly well tolerated considering the advanced stage of disease and therefore the poorer general condition of these patients. These preliminary results justify the continuation of these clinical trials in a larger cooperative study group. PMID- 818829 TI - [Pneumopathia osteoplastica (pulmonary ossification) (author's transl)]. AB - The Pneumopathia osteoplastica is a rare disease manifesting in two different forms of appearance. The tuberous (nodular) ossification affects mainly younger persons and is resulting in the great majority from chronic congestion of the lung due to mitral stenosis. Compared to it the idiopathic racemose (ramified) form affects older males. The paper is based on 9 cases of the two morphologic variants. The clinical aspects, etiologym morphology, and differential diagnosis of them are discussed with regard to newer publications. PMID- 818830 TI - [Detection of niacin with the paper strip test (author's transl)]. AB - Preparation and application of reagent impregnated paper strips for the detection of niacin are described. 170 cultures of mycobacteria were tested with the paper strips and by the conventional aniline-cyanogen bromide method. The results obtained demonstrate a high degree of correlation. Because of its advantages in comparison to the aniline-cyanogen bromide method-the toxic cyanogen bromide is omitted; malachite green does not disturb the reaction-the paper strip test can be recommended without reservation for the detection of niacin in microbiological laboratories. PMID- 818831 TI - [Homogenization of the specimens for culturing mycobacteria by means of the detergents Prawozell N-BX and ditalan E (author's transl)]. AB - In cooperation of four laboratories the efficiency of the two detergents Prawozell N-BX (Nekal BX) and Ditalan E used for homogenization of diagnostic specimens for cultural investigations on tuberculosis was compared. The pretreatment of sputum specimens was done according to the directions given in "DAB 7 (D.L.) - DDR" [German Pharmacopocia 7(Diagnostic laboratory methods) GDR]. Percentage of positive cultures, time of growth and rate of contamination were evaluated. Comparative investigations with both methods using the same sputum specimens were performed with 2117 samples. 245 cultures were positive in all, 223 (91,0%) of them after homogenization by means of Prawozell N-BX and 205 (83,7%) pretreated with Ditalan E. Out of 161 cultures positive with both methods, the time of growth was shorter at least one week in 19 samples (12%) after using Prawozell N-BX and in 55 specimens (34%) homogenized by means of Ditalan E than in the parallel culture. The number of contaminations was 18 (0,85%) after Ditalan E pretreatment and 10 (0,47%) after Prawozell N-BX homogenization. Taking as a basis the directives concerning the cultural investigations for mycobacteria Ditalan E did not show better results than those found with Prawozell N-BX. PMID- 818832 TI - [The value of guinea pig inoculation for the detection of tubercle bacilli in the patients specimens (author's transl)]. AB - 5912 specimens were examined by culture and animal experiment and the presence of tubercle bacilli was established with one or the other with both methods. An analysis of the results showed, that guinea pig tests in 29.1% of the cases were more accurate than were cultural methods. Experimental inoculation is, therefore, still an essential part of the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Materials which are either difficult to obtain, or are suspected to contain few mycobacteria only should be tested further by guinea pig inoculation. PMID- 818833 TI - [Local management of intrasphincteral anal condylomata using thiotepa]. PMID- 818834 TI - [Lichen ruber planus and lichen ruber verrucosus of the skin: therapeutic results using vitamin A acid in 98 patients]. AB - 98 patients, 50 suffering from papular lichen planus of the skin, 48 suffering from hypertrophic lichen planus, were treated systemically or topically with vitamin A acid. In 52 out of the 98 patients, the treatment was started within the first 3 months after the beginning of the disease. The patients with papular lichen planus improved rapidly to systemic vitamin A acid administration. In hypertrophic lichen planus only topical vitamin A acid application showed satisfactory results. The possible side effects of this treatment are mentioned. Patients with disturbed hepatocellular of hepatocystic conditions are unsuitable for vitamin A acid therapy. PMID- 818835 TI - [Subclavicular venous catheter]. PMID- 818836 TI - The ultrastructure of the cyst wall of a murine Sarcocystis. AB - Electron microscope studies of the cyst wall of a murine Sarcocystis-like organism of Mus musculus indicate that the sarcocyst wall is a degenerate muscle cell. The degenerate muscle cell contains nuclei, mitochondria, ribosomes, and myofibrils in disarray with the A-bands thickened. Surrounding the outside of the muscle cell there is a layer of fibrous material, and occasional fibroblasts are seen. The parasites are found within a parasitophorous vacuole in the muscle cell. There are short-finger-like projections extending into the vacuole from the muscle cell. The ground substance of the vacuole is fairly homogeneous, but somewhat more electron dense between the finger-like projections. PMID- 818837 TI - [Diabetes therapy in relation to insulin secretion]. PMID- 818838 TI - [Effect of tolbutamide and glibenclamide on glucagon secretion in subjects with normal metabolism and in diabetics]. PMID- 818839 TI - [Effect of vasodilator agents on oral glucose tolerance and serum insulin in intravenous long-term treatment of blood circulation disorders involving peripheral arteries]. PMID- 818840 TI - [Serum tiiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations as well as the suppressive effect following short-term and long-term administration of L-thyroxine alone or combined with L-triiodothyronine]. PMID- 818841 TI - [Experiences with calcitonin long-term therapy of Paget's disease]. PMID- 818842 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with therapy-resistant meningeosis and involvement of the central nervous system]. PMID- 818843 TI - [The effect of electrostimulation of the premotor cortex and hippocampus on delayed choice in monkeys]. AB - The influence of electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus on solving the problem of delayed spatial choice was studied on four rhesus macaques. Stimulation was carried out by rectangular pulses of different amplitude in the first and last two seconds of delay (lasting from five to six seconds). A statistically significant increase of errors was found during the stimulation: 1) of the structures of the left hemisphere (the effect was averaged in relation to the moment of stimulations); 2) during the first two seconds of delay (the effect was averaged as related to the structures of stimuli); 3) of the hippocampus at the beginning of the delay, and of the prefrontal cortex, at its end. The data obtained point to the dynamic nature of the functional significance of the studied brain structures in the organization of a mnestic process. PMID- 818844 TI - [Formation of conditioned reflex systems to time in lower simians]. AB - The object of the study was the formation of systems of conditioned food procuring reflexes to time intervals of different duration (from 1,5 to 4 min) integrated into a stereotype in monkeys (macaques and baboons). It has been shown that unlike rabbits, monkeys more readily form such systems and reproduce them more distinctly. The greater capacity of monkeys for complicate forms of orientation in time as compared with rabbits is more manifest in the elaboration of complex systems (five-interval in the present experiments) of conditioned reflexes to time. PMID- 818845 TI - Safety of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine serogroup "A" (Pilot Study). AB - 2000 subjects were vaccinated with sero-group "A" meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine during a meningitis outbreak and the opportunity was taken to study the side effects of the procedure. There were no major side effects and the vaccine was found to be quite safe. PMID- 818846 TI - [Slaughterhouse waste waters and their influence on epidemiology (author's transl)]. AB - A survey was carried out in 1972 and 1973 on the microbial composition of town, hospital and slaughterhouse waste waters. The investigation concerned concentration of heterotrophic bacteria, germ tests, of faecal contamination, and of the following pathogenic bacteria: Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 818847 TI - [Plasma renin activity in hypertonic patients with chronic renal insufficiency in a long-term dialysis program]. PMID- 818848 TI - [Special features in long-term health care of geriatric patients]. PMID- 818849 TI - [Immunoblobulin concentrations in the cervix mucosa]. AB - IgG, IgA and IgM in the extracts of homogenised cervical tissue were measured with the help of radial immunodiffusion of Mancini et al. IgG IgA were found to vary crith periods. On account of low concentration IgM could not be evaluated. PMID- 818850 TI - [Immunopreventive management of Rh-positive maltransfusions]. AB - We report on a case of a Rh-positive mis-transfusion in a Rh-negative pregnant woman treated by human-immunoglobulin-G-anti-D (IgG-anti-D). A sensibilization that without a therapy was to be expected with a probability of 75 per cent did not take place. We discuss our observation in connection with information existing hitherto on similar events. Hereby a distinct dependence on an anti-D dosis becomes evident in order to achieve a reliable immunosuppression in an appointed quantity of erythrocytes. A summarizing of literature at hand results in the fact that a reliable prevention of sensibilization may be achieved by a dosage of 20 microgramme IgG-anti-D each ml of a concentrate of erythrocytes respectively 10 microgramme each ml full blood. This means for a large foetomaternal as well as for false transfusions of adult blood. The dosage in the case, described by us, therefore by 1,9: 1 related to full blood was too low. We acted perfectly consciously as up to date there are no informations on a treatment by anti-D in this way during pregnancy and because an eventually Rh positive child should not be injured at all. The clinical course after the anti-D treatment has been examined by numerous authors. It showed even in a therapy by high doses of great quantities of erythrocytes but slight reactions. Severe disorders have not been described hitherto. We therefore ought to treat by sufficiently high doses and as soon as possible in order to allow the organism to contact with the intact antigen as brief as possible. Finally we present a proposition on diagnostics and therapy for the case of a Rh-mis-transfusion respectively a large glut in of foetal blood cells in order to avoid an immunization within the Rh-system. PMID- 818852 TI - [Comparative pyocine typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with different indicator sets (author's transl)]. AB - In a comparative study, 336 strains of Ps. aeruginosa were typed by their pyocine production with the indicator-sets of Gillies and Govan, Govan and Gillies, and with the author's set. The results obtained by either of the three sets of indicators showed a high degree of correlation with the results obtained by means of other sets. These correlations allow a subdivision of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into four major subgroups. The possible reasons for the existence of such subgroups and for the correlations between pyocine types and serological groups, which have been demonstrated by other authors, are discussed. For practical purposes and epidemiological investigations the advantages of combined pyocine typing with different sets of indicators are discussed, and a combination of the indicators of Govan and Gillies with the author's set is recommended, giving the most even distribution of epidemiologically unrelated strains of Ps. aeruginosa among different pyocine types with the smallest possible number of indicators. PMID- 818851 TI - [Changes in the binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBC), of total thyroxine (T4), of the free thyroxine index (FT4-I) and of thyrotropin (TSH) during normal pregnancy and in hydatidiform mole]. AB - TBC-index and total serum thyroxine were measured in 100 healthy nonpregnant and in 163 pregnant women during the 8. and 41. weeks of gestation. The free thyroxine index was calculated. The TBC-index was found to be elevated in pregnant women and rose continously with duration of pregnancy. The amount of total serum thyroxine was greater in pregnant women (p less than 0,01) without difference between early and late pregnancy. The free thyroxine index decreased continously during pregnancy (p less than 0,01). Serum TSH level were elevated during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. At the third trimester the TSH level were found within the normal range. In patients with hydatidiform mole TSH, total thyroxine, FT4-index, ETR-index as well as TSH levels were increased. PMID- 818853 TI - Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in feces of pregnant women with and without direct animal contact. AB - Women under policlinic control during their pregnancy were divided into 3 groups, viz. women living on farms with animals, women having pet-animals in their home and women without any direct contact with living animsla. 5-7 feces samples were controlled for L. monocytogenes during pregnancy and puerperium, together with one sample of meconium of the neonate. Of women from farms, with pet-animals and women without living animal contact, respectively 32%, 39% and 34% of the samples were positive. From a total of 1337 samples 116 (8,8%) were positive. From 87 meconium samples all but one were negative. The results obtained support the hypothesis, that L. monocytogenes is an ubuquitous organism without typical zoonotic characteristics, although infection through animals may occur. PMID- 818854 TI - [The Listeria monocytogenes carrier state of the staff of maternity centres in non epidemic periods (author's transl)]. AB - 9 of 177 examined healthy adults working in maternity centers were found to be Listeria monocytogenes carriers, every examined person worked by profession in maternity departments in areas free of human epidemic. After one year (4 degrees c), the bacterium was cultivated from their faeces in culture media containing either rivanol or trypaflavin. PMID- 818857 TI - [Anatomical, functional and radiographic studies of the dorsal cervicocephalic structure in the dog. Problems associated with the erect position of the head in hominids]. PMID- 818858 TI - Influence of suckling and of suckling followed by TRH or LH-RH on plasma prolactin, TSH, GH and FSH. AB - Ten women were studied during the first post-partum week. Suckling for 20 min induced a marked increase in plasma prolactin, reaching a maximum within 0-25 min after the end of suckling and then returning to pre-suckling levels after 120 min. Suckling induced no changes in plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), growth hormone (GH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The iv injection of 200 mug of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) immediately after suckling resulted in an additional increase in plasma prolactin and a rise in TSH. When given 120 min after suckling TRH was followed by increased plasma levels of prolactin and TSH, which for both hormones were of a magnitude comparable to the TRH induced increment seen immediately after suckling. Thus, suckling did not inhibit the effect of TRH on the release of TSH. These studies indicate that TRH is probably not involved in the suckling induced increase in prolactin secretion. The mean plasma FSH level was below the limit of detection before and after suckling. Neither plasma FSH nor prolactin showed any appearant changes following the iv injection of 25 mug of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), when given immediately after and 120 min after suckling. When given after suckling as indicated above, TRH induced no changes in plasma GH or FSH and similarly LH-RH was without influence on plasma GH and TSH. PMID- 818859 TI - Thyroid function in acromegaly before and after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy followed by cryoapplication. AB - Thyroid function was studied in acromegaly before and after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy followed by cryoapplication. The clinical material comprised 36 euthyroid, 1 hypothyroid and 3 hyperthyroid patients. In addition to the usual thyroid parameters a standard thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test using 200 mug of synthetic TRH given iv was used. In untreated acromegaly with euthyroidism the response of serum TSH to TRH was significantly less than in normal controls, the increment being 7.1 mU/1 vs. 12.5 mU/1. In 23% of the patients the response was subnormal (less than 3.0 mU/1). The total thyroxine was significantly higher than in controls. Goitre occurred in 53% of the patients. After operation 3 patients became hypothyroid. In 30% of the patients remaining euthyroid the response to TRH was subnormal and the mean response in this group was close to the lower normal limit of 3.0 mU/1. In 7 patients who showed a subnormal response to TRH before or shortly after the operation there was a gradual increase and normalization of the response during the next few years. A subnormal, and also a low normal response to TRH before or after hypophysectomy does not necessarily indicate an increased risk for the development of hypothyroidism, and indeed the pituitary remnant seems to have a remarkable capacity for regeneration. In the hypothyroid patient there was a low normal response to TRH, the reason being unknown. In one of the hyperthyroid patients the basal TSH level was 6.5 and 8.9 mU/1 on two occasions in the thyrotoxic phase, showing a small response to TRH. The possibility that hyperthyroidism was due to increased secretion of TSH is discussed but not claimed proven. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in a large material of acromegaly from this department equals 9% which is above the prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the general population in Finland, indicating that acromegaly in one way or another seems to increase the incidence of manifest thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 818860 TI - Conventional pituitary irradiation in acromegaly. Effect on growth hormone and TSH secretion. AB - Thirty-one patients who had been treated for acromegaly for 1-21 years with conventional pituitary irradiation were re-examined. Immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) was measured in connection with an oral glucose load. Adrenal and gonadal functions were assessed on the basis of plasma cortisol and the urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids, 17-ketosteroids and gonadotrophins. In evaluating the thyroid-pituitary axis the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test (TRH) was used. Initially 30 patients had experienced definite benefit from the treatment but at the time of re-examination 10 still had clinically active disease and required another type of treatment. Normal GH levels (less than 5 ng/ml/1) were seen in only 12 patients. Skin thickness was normal in 15 out of 30. Thus the remission rate can be evaluated as being 67% as regards clinical activity, 50% with regard to skin thickness and 39% in terms of GH levels. Hypogonadism occurred in 12 patients (39%) and adrenal and thyroid failure in 5 patients each (16%). The response to TRH was within the normal range in 2 of the hypothyroid patients. In 22 euthyroid patients the mean increment in serum TSH in response to 200 mug of synthetic TRH was only 5.8 mU/1 which was significantly below the normal mean 12.5 mU/1. Furthermore, in 7 of these patients (32%) the response was absent or subnormal (less than 3.0 mU/1). This indicated that the pituitary is capable of secreting enough TSH for maintenance of an euthyroid state but that its capacity is limited. Conventional pituitary irradiation is not a very effective treatment in acromegaly but may still be recommended in selected cases. PMID- 818861 TI - Radioimmunoassay of rat prolactin and its use in measuring prolactin production by cultured pituitary cells. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for rat prolactin (rPRL), employing the double antibody solid phase technique for the separation of free and antibody-bound [125I]rPRL. The anti-serum was raised in rabbits and showed no cross-reaction with rat growth hormone (rGH), follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), luteinizing hormone (rLH) and thyrotrophin (rTSH). The immunosorbent (sheep anti-rabbit IgG bound to cellulose) showed a surprisingly high binding of [125I]rPRL, but not of the other iodinated anterior pituitary hormones. Addition of serum to the incubation mixtures prevented the binding between [125I]rPRL and the immunosorbent. Three different clonal strains of pituitary cells have been examined for production of rPRL, rLH and rTSH, both in the basal state as well as after treatment with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH). Monolayer cultures of two of the cell strains produced and secreted rPRL spontaneously, and they showed a 2 fold increase in rPRL production after treatment with TRH (3-10(-7) mol/1). The third cell strain did not produce rPRL spontaneously, or after treatment with TRH. None of these cell strains could be stimulated to produce rTSH by treatment with TRH. Treatment of the same three cell strains with LH/FSH-RH (1.2-10(-6) mol/1) failed to induce production of rLH, and there were no changes in production of rPRL. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 (3-10(-8) mol/1) and oestradiol 17beta (10(-7)-10(-10) mol/1), however, stimulated the production of rPRL. The effects of TRH and prostaglandins E1 and E2 were observed within 24 h of treatment, while the first effect of oestradiol-17beta was seen after 3 days. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of oestradiol-17beta on rPRL production differs from that of TRH and prostaglandins. PMID- 818862 TI - Serum level changes of endogenous and postheparin diamine oxidase (histaminase) in clinical and experimental hepatitis. AB - In patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis (n = 12) an about 50 per cent decrease of serum diamine oxidase (DAO, histaminase, E.C.N. 1.4.3.6) was detected as compared to a healthy control group (n = 24). Normally, the intravenous injection of heparin is promptly followed by a marked rise of plasma DAO. In viral hepatitis, however, after application of heparin (200 IU/kg b.w., i.v.) the enzyme release from the visceral organs into the plasma was markedly decreased. There was an inverse correlation between the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and the postheparin enzyme. Normalization of SGPT occurred before the normalization of post-heparin diamine oxidase (PHD). In galactosamine "hepatitis" of rats (800 mg Gal-N/kg b.w., i.p.), in contrary to human viral hepatitis plasma DAO increased about 5-fold after heparin application. This increased PHD in plasma of Gal-N rats was correlated to enhanced animal's endogenous plasma DAO activity (r=0.685, p less then 0.0005, n = 54). The cause of these enzyme activity changes and its possible pathophysiological meaning are still unknown. It is concluded from these experiments that in Gal-N "hepatitis" of rats plasmatic DAO level changes are mediated by endogenous heparin, released from disrupted mast cells. Increased basal DAO levels correspond to the enhanced release after heparin application, both possibly induced by less stable binding of the enzyme to the cells of the small intestine in inflammation. Both, decreased endogenous and post-heparin DAO levels in human hepatitis would correspond to a depletion of the enzyme containing organs. PMID- 818863 TI - Cytospectrometric studies on the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in functionally different neuron-neuroglia units. II. Species and strain differences and effects of histotoxic hypoxia and audiogenic convulsions. AB - Cytospectrophotometric determination of H- and M-forms of LDH has shown that in white mice as compared with Wistar rats the activity ratio of H- to M-forms is lower in cerebral cortex neurons but higher in spinal cord motoneurons. No statistically significant species difference has been found in cerebellum PURKINJE cells as well as in the perineuronal glia of all the areas studied. Rats of KRUSHINSKY-MOLODKINA strain with hereditary high sensitivity to audiogenic convulsions differed from Wistar rats only with higher H- to M-form activity ratio in cerebellum PURKINJE cells and in their glial satellite cells. Histotoxic hypoxia in mice due to KCN injection gave rise in 15 min to activation of M-forms of LDH in spinal cord motoneurons and spinal ganglia neurons, of H-forms in cerebral and cerebellar cortex neurons and of both forms in the neuroglial cells adjacent to cerebellum PURKINJE neurons. Audiogenic convulsions in KRUSHINSKY MOLODKINA rats induced an increase of H-form activity of LDH in the perineuronal glia of spinal cord anterior horns and of M-form activity in cerebellum PURKINJE cells while decrease of M-forms of cerebellum neuroglia. An importance of multiple forms of enzymes for the fine functional regulation of the cell biochemical pattern is discussed. PMID- 818864 TI - RNA synthesis in the ovarian follicle cells of Periplaneta americana during vitellogenesis. AB - The RNA and DNA pattern in the follicle cells of cockroach ovary during vitellogenesis has been studied. Evidences indicate that there is an active synthesis of these two nucleic acids in the nucleus. It has been suggested from the observations presented that RNA is synthesized in the chromosomes and are then transported to nucleolus before being sent to the cytoplasm. It is also shown that the follicle cells do not contribute any RNA material to the vitellogenic oocyte. PMID- 818865 TI - Some aspects of the morphology of insulin-secreting cells. AB - By using a spectrum of microscopical techniques such as thin sectioning, autoradiography, cytochemistry and freeze-etching, it is possible to unravel the main cytological events associated with synthesis, intracellular transport, storage and discharge of the hormone insulin by B-cell of the islet of Langerhans. PMID- 818866 TI - Calcium binding to the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Calcium binding sites of human red blood cells were localized by means of a method according to OSCHMAN and WALL (1972). The procedure resulted in multiple opaque deposits at the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 818867 TI - Melatonin and enterochromaffine cells. AB - As a result of investigations active biosynthesis of melatonin was found in enterochromaffin cells of gastrointestinal tract. It is suggested to unify epiphysis and enterochromaffine cells into a united functionally active neuroendocrine system, which plays an important role in the control of rhythms of biological processes in the body. PMID- 818868 TI - [Histotopochemical investigations on elastic membranes of blood vessels with special regard to diabetes mellitus. III. Lipids (author's transl)]. AB - Lipids have been investigated in the light microscope with Scarlet-Blue and for the fluorescentmicroscopy with rhodamine B and sulforhodamine B. Both of these reactions gave weak results. After using nilblue-sulfate for the detecting of acid and neutral lipids the presence of acid lipids could be shown in the walls of the vessels of normoglycemic men and animals. In the asymptomatical diabetes the tinction of elastic membranes was more intensive. Both acid and neutral lipids are present in a higher concentration in this stadium of diabetes mellitus as well as in the manifest diabetes of man. PMID- 818869 TI - [Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations on organ culture of malignant tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Organ cultures of malignant tumours were histochemically and electronmicroscopically investigated. There was established that follows enzymes show a little activity in cultured tumour cells after 24 and 48 h: succinate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and nonspecific esterase, whereas NADH-diophorase, lactate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase show an essentially higher activity after termination of the cultivation. However, in comparison with the primare tissue, the activities of the last mentioned enzymes are clearly decreased in cultured tumour cells after termination of the cultivation. No changes of cell structures have electronmicroscopically been observed on these cultures of malignant tumours. PMID- 818870 TI - The duodenal glands of fourteen primate species. AB - The duodenal glands of the primates examined begin at the gastrointestinal junction and extend distally along the intestinal tract. The glands are confined primarily to the submucosa and consist of coiled tubules which exhibit frequent distal branching. The ducts pierce the muscularis mucosae to empty into the bases of the overlying intestinal glands. Cells comprising the duodenal glands appear mucous in nature and are thought to elaborate a neutral mucopolysaccharide. PMID- 818871 TI - A non-productive subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus of human and ferret: an ultrastructural study. AB - A non-productive syncytiogenic measles virus isolated from the brain of an SSPE patient was grown on Vero cells. The ultrastructure of the infected syncytia was studied by electron microscopic and immunoperoxidase techniques. It was compared with the isolate of the virus after passage in ferrets, the Edmonston strain of wild measles virus and the Halle productive strain of SSPE, all on Vero cells. The immunoperoxidase labeling of the cell membranes of the Edmonston measles virus infected cells was very heavy and uniform. In contrast, the labeling of the non-productive SSPE infected cells was clearly discontinuous. In the latter, there was a preponderance of intranuclear over cytoplasmic nucleocapsid formation, whereas cytoplasmic nucleocapsids were prevalent in the virion producing strains. Many similarities between Vero cells infected with the wild measles virus and the Halle strain of SSPE were observed, although differences between this SSPE strain and strains reported by others were noted. PMID- 818872 TI - The antibacterial effect of antibiotics in treatment of maxillary sinusitis. AB - The antibacterial effect of antibiotic treatment in maxillary sinusitis has been assessed by studying the elimination of bacteria from the maxillary sinus during treatment with penicillin and tetracycline. As adequate antibiotic concentrations are the prerequisite for maximal antibacterial effect, the antibiotic concentrations were controlled. The antibiotic concentrations were determined in maxillary sinus secretions and/or mucosas of 113 patients with maxillary sinusitis, treated with single or repeated doses of penicillin or tetracycline, or the two antibiotics in combination. In 30 patients treated with either penicillin or tetracycline, the bacterial growth in sinus secretion was controlled before and after treatment. It was established that ordinary clinical doses of penicillin and tetracycline may, although not invariably, result in antibiotic concentrations in sinus secretion and sinus mucosa than can be regarded as adequate for treatment, i.e. for penicillin greater than or equal to 0.25 mug/ml and for tetracycline greater than or equal to 1.0 mug/ml. The necessity of achieving adequate antibiotic concentrations in sinus secretion and sinus mucosa to ensure therapeutic success was demonstrated. Thus, bacterial growth remained in the secretions of most maxillary sinuses when the concentrations of penicillin or tetracycline in the secretions were not regarded as adequate for treatment. In contrast, the bacteria were exterminated in most cases where concentrations were regarded as adequate. PMID- 818873 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of fungiform papillae on the tongue of man and monkey. AB - The surface topography of the fungiform papillae of homo and monkey was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Different methods of specimen preparation were tried. Satisfactory preservation was obtained with fixation in formaldehyde, or in glutaraldehyde with postfixation in OSO4, followed by critical point drying. Taste pores were found in nearly half of the fungiform papillae. Up to 3 pores, located in the dorsal surface, were observed in a single papilla. Most taste pores opened in the form of a rounded crater with a diameter of about 5-7 mum, elevated slightly above the surface of the papilla. Microvilli could be observed in large-bore pores. PMID- 818874 TI - Separation of Neisseria meningitidis competence variants by sucrose gradient centrifugation. AB - Transformable (cp+) and non transformable (cp-) variants of the Neisseria meningitidis Strain M1 could be separated on the basis of their sedimentation velocity in sucrose gradients. The cp+ cells sedimented slightly more slowly than the cp- ones. This supports previous observations that the change from cp+ to cp- is followed by alterations in cell structures. In cp+ populations, the transformable fraction banded with the bulk of the cells in sucrose gradients, indicating that the density of the phenotypically competent cell is identical to the rest of the cp+ population. PMID- 818875 TI - Ocular malformations induced by radiation of the mouse embryo. A histopathological study with a particular view to stage specificity. PMID- 818876 TI - Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivatives on penetration of ytterbium 169 and cerium-144 into the rat offspring. AB - Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivatives on penetration of ytterbium 169 and cerium-144 into the rat offspring. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1976, 27 (2): 175 181. Penetration of radioactive ytterbium-169 and cerium-144 into fetuses was determined at the end of pregnancy and penetration into the organism of suckling rats was studied during feeding with the milk of exposed mothers when EDTA or DTPA derivatives were being administered. Injection of ytterbium-169 as a complex with EDTA or DTPA or injection of Na2Ca EDTA or Na3Ca DTPA 1h after administration of cerium-144 to mothers reduced penetration of both radionuclides into offsprings in relation to the animals receiving no complex compounds. It was observed that the action of DTPA was stronger than that of EDTA. Passage of ytterbium with milk and across the placenta was greater than the passage of cerium. PMID- 818878 TI - Isometric and isotonic length-tension relations and variaitonsin cell length in longitudinal smooth muscel from rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Isometric and isotonic length-tension relations of longitudinal smooth muscle from rabbit urinary bladder were studied together with muscle cell length and tissue structure as revealed histologically. In vivo strip length at a bladder volume of 10 m1 is referred to as L10. The smooth muscle was relaxed by Ca2+-free solution and contracted by K+-high solution with different Ca2+-concentrations. Maximal active force, 12.5+/-0.4 N/cm2 (S.E., n =11), for wholestrips was attained at a length of 206+/-4% (S.E., n=5) of L10. Passive tension at this length was about 15% of total tension. After correction for amount of connective tissue, maximal active tension of pure muscle bundles was 19 N/cm2. Up to about 165% of L10 isometric and isotonic length-tension relations were identical; if the muscle was stretched beyond this, it failed to shorten isotonically to the same length as when contracting from a shorter starting length. This decreased shortening capacity was reversible if the muscle was shortened passively. The extent of shortening against zero load was dependent on degree of activation suggesting an internal resistance to shortening. A linear relationship was found between bladder radius and muscle cell length, indicating that no slippage occurs between the cells when the bladder is filled. Mean cell diameter in the nuclear regionat L10 was 7.2+/-0.2 mum (S.D.,n=10). Mean macimal active tension per cell was calculated to be 2.3-10(-6) N and occurred at a cell length of 655 mum. PMID- 818877 TI - Effect of lanthanum on pinocytosis induced by cations in Amoeba proteus. AB - Lanthanum chloride (greater than or equal to 10(-5) M) induced pinocytosis in normal and at greater than or equal to 10(-4) M in Ca++-deficient amoeba. With respect to the Ca++-requirement of the pinocytotic response low and high concentrations of La+++ had effects like Na+ and K+, respectively. The concentration of La+++ stimulated or inhibited other types of pinocytosis. Thus all concentrations of La+++ inhibited sodium induced pinocytosis while high concentrations (greater than 10(-3) M) stimulated and low concentrations diminished potassium induced pinocytosis. Only the latter effect required the presence of Ca++. In the presence of La+++ other inducers acted either like K+ or Na+. Inducers may cause channel formation by opening a pore for Ca++ in the plasma membrane, Na+ like inducers being less effective than K+-like inducers, and by releasing Ca++ into the cytoplasm from the glycocalyx (Na+-like inducers) or from the entire cell membrane (K+-like inducers). La+++ may diminish the effect of Na+-like inducers and vice versa by direct competition for sites in the glycocalyx and the effect of a K+-like inducer by redistribution of Ca++ in the cell surface. At high concentrations or in the presence of a K+-like inducer La+++ may enter the Ca++ pore, release Ca++ from the interior of the membrane and so induce or stimulate pinocytosis. PMID- 818879 TI - Experiments with a new contrast medium in myelography. AB - A new dimeric contrast medium, Ph DZ 59B, was injected into the subarachnoid space in experimental animals. Excellent films were invariably obtained. Ph DZ 59B was well tolerated by dogs and cats and relatively well by monkeys. PMID- 818880 TI - [Application of microbial enzymes in studies of steroid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro models are necessary for studying the biotransformation of new steroid drugs and to determine the structure of the metabolites and their biological activity. For that reason microorganisms and their enzymes were used to investigate the anabolic steroid Oral-Turinabol (4-chloro-17alpha-methyl-17beta hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3-one). Clostridium paraputrificum transformed Oral Turinabol into the hydrogenation products 4beta-chloro-17alpha-methyl-17beta hydroxy-5beta-1-androstene-3-one (I) and 4beta-chloro-17alpha-methyl-5beta-1 androstene-3alpha,17beta-biol (II); Rhodotorula glutinis to 4alpha-chloro-17alpha methyl-5alpha-1-androstene-3beta,17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-1-androstene-3-one (III) and 4alpha-chloro-17alpha-methyl-5alpha-1-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol (IV). The hydroxylation products 6beta-hydroxy- (V), 7beta-hydroxy- (VI), 15alpha- (VII) and 15beta-hydroxy-Oral-Turinabol (VIII) resulted from Absidia glauca and Aspergillus flavus. The metabolites II-V were isolated until now from mammals. PMID- 818881 TI - Metabolic fate of cholesteryl methyl ether in Mycobacterium phlei. AB - Mycobacterium phlei transformed cholesteryl methyl ether into three metabolites: 3beta-methoxy-dinor-5,17(20)-choladien-22-oic methyl ester (I), 3beta-methoxy-5 androsten-17-one (II), and 3beta-methoxy-dinor-5-cholen-22-ol (III). After isolation with thin-layer chromatography, their structures were elucidated by mass, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Compound II was the major product. Compounds I and III were products of various side reactions. In the presence of 8 hydroxyquinoline that inhibits degradation of the steroid nucleus, 1,4 androstadiene-3,17-dione was formed in addition to the compounds mentioned. This indicates that a moderate splitting of the ether bond takes place. PMID- 818882 TI - The preparation of graphical and three-dimensional reconstructions of the developing central nervous system. AB - In the development of the central nervous system morphogenesis and histogenesis are two strongly interdependent aspects. Since the histogenesis can only be investigated on microscopical sections the spatial relations of the various structures are lost. Thus the availability of reliable three-dimensional reconstructions is indispensible. The advantage of the bilateral symmetry of the central nervous system is that it creates the possibility to use the median plane as a natural plane of reference in the piling of the reconstructions, provided the material is sectioned perpendicular to that plane. Such a direction of sectioning is the more advisable, since during the histogenesis the outwards migration of the young neuroblasts mainly is radially orientated. The reconstruction method presented here is based upon a comparison of the median sections of two specimens, which are graphically reconstructed from two different series. Both series are sectioned at right angles to the median plane and also in mutually perpendicular direction. Each resulting optimalized graphically reconstructed median section is used as a reference in the correct piling of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the corresponding series, which consists of polystyrene plates. A prerequisite of the method is an exact orientation of the material during embedding, of which the procedure is described. Secondly the two specimens which yield both series must show a high degree of conformity. In embryological terms this means, that the various developmental stages must be accurately defined. The use of criteria which can only be appropriate when referring to the organ under investigation is argumented. In a discussion on the possibilities and limitations of the method a comparison is made with the reconstruction technique which is based upon the use of artificially introduced outer points of reference. PMID- 818883 TI - Action potential of the cardiac cell and the electrocardiogram. PMID- 818884 TI - Peripheral vasodilators in the treatment of cardiac failure. PMID- 818885 TI - Case presentation. Management of asymptomatic patient with positive stress test. PMID- 818886 TI - Debate on coronary artery disease. Con: surgery is treatment of choice in preinfarction angina. PMID- 818887 TI - Differentiation between ischemic and nonviable myocardium. PMID- 818888 TI - Molecular biology of the carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. PMID- 818890 TI - Hepatitis in primates. PMID- 818889 TI - A model for therapeutic interventins on established coronary atherosclerosis in a nonhuman primate. AB - The observations so far conducted in cynomologus monkeys on semipurified diets containing butter and cholesterol suggest that this nonhuman primate is an excellent model for studying the therapy of established coronary atherosclerosis. (1) This species is available at a reasonable cost and can be kept in captivity in good health for prolonged periods of time. (2) It readily accepts semipurified diets with a percentage composition similar to that of human diets in the U.S. (3) Ingestion of these diets leads quite rapidly (around 6 months) to moderate coronary atherosclerosis. More prolonged feeding leads to lesions which are histologically very similar to those in man. (4) The distribution of lesions in the main coronary arteries is similar to that in man. (5) Methods to quantify the coronary lesions are available. (6) The diets can be so modified that cholesterol levels closely resemble those in hypercholesterolemic man. (7) The monkeys are amenable to several therapeutic regimens which show promise of arresting the progress or inducing the regression of the coronary lesions. PMID- 818891 TI - Structural interactions between viruses as a consequence of mixed infections. PMID- 818892 TI - Evaluation of IgE serum level by radial immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay in allergic diseases. AB - Sensitive radioactive methods are usually required for assay of low or normal serum levels of IgE up to 1.000 I.U./ml. However radioimmunoassay or other radioactive techniques are not always available or practical in routine diagnosis of allergic patients. Therefore, some modifications of the conventional radial immunodiffusion techniques have been tried for IgE. We have studied the comparative results of radioimmunoassay (RIST) and a modified radial immunodiffusion for IgE evaluation in allergic diseases. In 18 subjects a solid phase radio-immunoassay for IgE has been done. In 14 no allergic subjects total IgE serum level determined by the RIST method was 248 +/- 210 (I.U./ml--m +/- 2SD). A double precipitation or a intensification method of immunodiffusion employing Partigen plates (Behring-Werke) has been applied for global IgE assay in routine laboratory work in the last months. Serum IgE levels were studied by this method in 20 normal subjects and 206 patients referred for diagnosis of allergic disease. A modification of the double precipitation technique allowed us to measure IgE levels above 260 I.U. In normal subjects IgE serum level was 355 +/- 182 I.U. (M +/- 2SD). In 120 extrinsic asthmas the range was 9.580--260 I.U. and mean value 2.120 +/- 627 I.I. and the range 1.760--300 I.U. 14 cases of pollinosis were studied during the grass pollen season. Mean values were 1.840 +/ 1.270 I.U. and range 2.760--600 I.U. 18 cases of perennial allergic rhinitis the mean value was 1.868 +/- 1.301 I.U. and the range 2.600--260 I.U. In 12 urticarias the mean value was 1.730 +/- 1.252 I.U. and the range 2.300--260 I.U. Highest IgE serum levels occurred in atopic asthmatics with mite sensitivity. A general positive relationship was observed between the intensity of skin reactivity and elevated serum IgE level. However some exceptions to this rule have been observed. A simultaneous assay of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM by radial immunodiffusion has been done in some subjects. No correlation has been found between serum level of IgE and serum concentrations of IgG, IgA or IgM. The use of a modified immunoradial diffusion technique can therefore be a useful diagnostic tool in the study of allergic diseases. The results obtained confirm that serum IgE level is increased in most of the cases of type I allergic reactions but also in some patients presenting intrinsic asthma. PMID- 818893 TI - Food iron absorption in man II. The effect of EDTA on absorption of dietary non heme iron. AB - One hundred and eighty iron absorption tests were performed in 45 normal men to determine the effect of EDTA on the absorption of dietary non-heme iron. The addition of 50 mg EDTA to test meals containing 4.1 mg iron reduced absorption by approximately one-half from meals of both high (standard meal) and low (semisynthetic meal) iron availability. Studies employing dual radioiron labels demonstrated complete isotopic exchange of ferric EDTA with dietary non-heme iron. Further studies were carried out to determine the decrease in food iron absorption at varying levels of EDTA. At a 1:1 molar ratio of EDTA to iron, absorption of non-heme iron was reduced to 72% and at a 2:1 molar ratio, to 50% of absorption without EDTA. These levels of EDTA are within the range believed to be present in the United States diet. PMID- 818894 TI - Protein and calorie malnutrition among preschool Navajo Indian children, a follow up. AB - A follow-up study was conducted on the infant and child-feeding programs to determine the prevalence of protein and calorie malnutrition among preschool Navajo Indian children. These programs were introduced on the reservation in 1968. The numbers of patients admitted to the Public Health Service Indian Hospital, in Tuba City, Arizona, with deficits in weight for their chronological ages, marasmus, and kwashiorkor were compared during two 5-year-periods, 1963 to 1967 and 1969 to 1973. The results show an 18% reduction in the total number of patients under 5 years of age admitted to the hospital and a 39% reduction in the number of patients admitted with deficits in weight for their chronological ages. Marasmus has practically disappeared, with only two cases described since the end of fiscal 1969. The number of cases of kwashiorkor has also decreased by 50%, mainly in the last 4 years. The height and weight data on 1,462 Head Start children from all over the reservation were measured in September 1973, and these measurements were compared with data obtained in September 1967. While they still show a significant deviation from the Boston growth curves, there is a definite improvement from 1967 to 1973. This improvement was especially noticeable in height. Thirty percent of the girls and 30% of the boys fell below the 3rd percentile for Boston in 1967. In 1973, these figures were 11% and 16%, respectively. In the case of the girls in 1973, the numbers below the 3rd percentile are significantly smaller for younger girls than for the older girls, suggesting that the growth retardation occurred in the first 2 years of life, and that the older children had not received the full benefit of the free infant formula feeding programs. This trend, however, was not present in boys. It is concluded that the infant and child feeding programs have contributed to improved growth among Navajo preschool children. At the same time, concern is expressed that these feeding programs will be replaced by a Food Stamp Program and that the gains made will be reversed. Concern is also expressed for the regressive effects of inflation and rising food prices and the effects they will have on the nutritional status of the Navajo people. PMID- 818895 TI - 1-alpha-acetylmethadol(LAAM) pharmacokinetics and metabolism: current status. PMID- 818896 TI - Counterelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of amebiasis. AB - One hundred eighty-one collected sera were tested for amebic serologic reactivity, using the counterelectrophoresis technic (CEP) and compared to the results of the agar gel diffusion (AGD) and the latex agglutination (LA) methods. Of 23 sera from patients with proven amebic liver abscess, 22 (96%) were positive immediately after CEP for one hour and all were positive within 24 hours. Of eigh t sera from patients with intestinal amebiasis, five were positive immediately and seven within 24 hours. Of 150 sera from patients with nonamebic illnesses, there were no positives with any method used. The CEP and AGD were in agreement on all sera tested. PMID- 818897 TI - Pseudomonas bacteremia. Review of 108 cases. AB - The current circumstances associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia are reviewed in 108 episodes to assess the impact of new antimicrobial drugs on this infection. Since 1961, Pseudomonas bacteremia has apparently become more frequent with proportional increases in middle-aged patients. The respiratory tract has become the major source of infection. Clinical features are not characteristic, but infected patients are almost uniformly severely ill before blood stream invasion occurs. The use of gentamicin, carbenicillin and colistin has not changed the outcome of Pseudomonas bacteremia. Although better than no antimicrobial treatment, these drugs cannot be shown to be superior to any other available antibiotics. A reassessment is needed to evaluate the relationship between the in vitro action and the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas infection and the use of gentamicin, carbenicillin and colistin in these bacteremias. In view of the poor results with antibiotics, investigation into immunologic prophylaxis and therapy is needed. At the present time, control of the patients' underlying disease contributes most towards assuring survival with Pseudomonas bacteremia. PMID- 818898 TI - The evolution of alpha heavy chain disease. AB - Two patients with alpha heavy chain disease are described. In the first patient, treatment with cyclophosphamide, prednisone and doxycycline was associated with a 28 month-long remission and the disappearance of the paraprotein and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the intestine. Shortly afterwards, a retroperitoneal immunoblastic lymphoma was found associated with an immunoglobulin G-kappa-paraproteinemia, and gamma heavy and kappa-light chains in the urine; the intestinal biopsy specimen was normal. In the other patient, the alpha chain only appeared two years after the malabsorption syndrome. The fact that in the first, apparently cured patient, a tumor of different anatomic site and secretory capacity appeared, suggests the existence of a B-cell neoplasia of different clone from that which gave rise tothe original disease. In the second patient, it is probable that only the increase in the mass of neoplastic cells led to the detection of the protein abnormality, or alternatively the antigenic oncogenic stimulus led to the abnormal secretion only after two years. PMID- 818899 TI - Chemotherapy research nurse. PMID- 818900 TI - Care of the critically ill newborn: parenteral alimentation. PMID- 818901 TI - Fluid and electrolyte problems of tube-fed patients. PMID- 818902 TI - Fetal respiration: quantitative measurements of amnionic fluid inspired near term by human and rhesus fetuses. AB - Observations reported now on primate pregnancies, human and rhesus, combined with earlier studies from this laboratory, demonstrate that normally appreciable volumes of amnionic fluid are inhaled and presumably exhaled throughout much of pregnancy. Through use of isotope-labeled red cells and porcelain microspheres placed at varying times in the amnionic sac, as well as fetal squames already present, it has been shown conclusively that inhalation of amnionic fluid is not necessarily a pathologic event. The volumes of amnionic fluid inhaled per 24 hours by human and rhesus fetuses late in pregnancy were remarkably similar, amounting on the average to at least 200 ml per kilogram. These observations confirm the much earlier qualitative studies of some others that previously had generally been discounted by many fetal physiologists. PMID- 818903 TI - Amniotic fluid analysis in Rh-sensitized pregnancies. AB - This paper delineates the results of analysis of 234 Rh-sensitized pregnancies. It is now possible to predict the outcome in an Rh-isoimmunized pregnancy based only on the mean amniotic fluid, delta 450. This is an improvement over past methods since it does not depend upon calculation of weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 818904 TI - Submacular choroidal circulation. AB - A neoprene latex and pigment mixture was injected into the choroidal blood vessels of human cadaver eyes. When peripheral resistence was normal, a single arteriole filled a single lobule of the choriocapillaris drained by mulitple surrounding venules. The choridal veins interconnected and an increase in the peripheral resistance caused by elevation of the venous pressure resulted in filling of contiguous lobules in a retrograde manner through the venules that normally drain them. PMID- 818905 TI - The role of "orthopedics" and orthodontics in the treatment of class II, division 1 malocclusions. PMID- 818906 TI - Cutaneous heat flow during heating and cooling in Alligator mississipiensis. AB - Direct in vivo measurement of heat flow across the skin of the American alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) showed increased heat flow during warming. Mean values at 25 degrees C during warming (15-35 degrees C) in air (airspeed 300 cm/s) were 17.9 +/- 92 SE cal/cm2 per h (mean alligator wt 3.27 kg). Cooling heat flow at the same temperature was 13.6 +/- 0.57 cal/cm2 per h. Subdermal heat flow was reduced during warming and was not significantly different from cutaneous heat flow during cooling. This indicated that the alligator was able to control its rate of heat exchange with the environment by altering cutaneous perfusion. Atropine, phenoxybenzamine, nitroglycerin, and Xylocaine did not affect cutaneous heat flow or heating and cooling rates. Atropine blocked bradycardia during cooling. PMID- 818907 TI - Ultrastructure, calcium accumulation, and contractile response in smooth muscle. AB - After removing extracellular Ca2+ with [ethylene bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid, we found that the guinea pig vas deferens (VD) was mechanically responsive to electrical stimulation for a significantly greater length of time than was guinea pig taenia coli (TC). An obvious explanation for these findings is that the VD has more intracellular calcium available for contraction than does the TC. To determine if this explanation is plausible, the volume of internal storage structures within the two muscles was compared. It was found that the volumes of potential sequestering structures in the VD and TC are not significantly different. Next, the affinities of the storage structures for calcium were compared. The VD was found to accumulate approximately twice as much 45Ca as did the TC, as determined by 45Ca autoradiography. Calcium-45 was present to a greater extent in association with surface vesicles, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria than in the unassociated state within the cytoplasmic matrix. Based on the results of these experiments, we suggest that the VD and the TC of the guinea pig differ in the affinity of their storage sites for calcium. PMID- 818908 TI - Effect of nitrogen and calorie restriction on protein synthesis in the rat. AB - The effect of a deficiency of calories and/or nitrogen on protein metabolism in the rat was investigated. During the 5 days of the study, the rats received all nutrients except water via intravenous hyperalimentation. Four diets were used: I) 1.25 g amino acids, 12.5 g glucose/day; II) 1.25 g amino acids/day; III) 1.25 g glucose/day; and IV) 12.5 glucose/day. The rate of protein synthesis in heart, lung, muscle, kidney, and liver was estimated by a modification of the technique of Garlick et al. (The diurnal response of muscles and liver protein synthesis in vivo in meal-fed rats. Biochem. J. 136: 935-945, 1973) except that [15N]glycine was used as the tracer. Heart and lung protein synthesis was depressed by both caloric and nitrogen restriction. Muscle protein synthesis was only significantly affected by omission of calories from the diet. Kidney nitrogen content increased with the amino acid diets and decreased with the nitrogen-deficient diets. The major response of the liver to a dietary deficiency was to lose nitrogen via an increase in the rate of liver protein catabolism. PMID- 818910 TI - Arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis in 100 consecutive patients. AB - Arteriovenous fistulas were performed in 100 patients over a three year period with a 90 per cent overall success rate. Various technics for construction of the fistula using autologous veins are discussed, with emphasis on pre- and intraoperative assessment of vessel condition and its relation to the prevention of immediate and delayed failures. PMID- 818909 TI - ADP-induced inhibition of von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet agglutination. AB - Human plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) plus the antibiotic ristocetin, or bovine or porcine vWF alone, agglutinates platelets in either normal human ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-treated citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or citrated PRP from patients with the congenital platelet defect thrombasthenia. The prior addition of 1-10 muM ADP, which causes platelet shape change but not aggregation under these conditions, inhibited vWF-mediated agglutination. Inhibition was prevented by 200 muM ATP. Addition of ADP caused prompt reversal of established vWF-mediated agglutination, which resumed when the ADP was enzymatically removed. EDTA-treated, Formalin-fixed, washed normal platelets also underwent vWF-mediated agglutination. ADP was inhibitory only when added before fixation. Epinephrine (40 muM), prostaglandin E1 (7 muM), or serotonin (2 muM) added before fixation caused slight to moderate inhibition but always less than ADP. Platelets from blood chilled before fixation were fully active. Platelets fixed in freshly prepared PRP did not agglutinate as well as those fixed after incubation of PRP, probably because centrifugation exposes the platelets to ADP. It concluded that ADP causes a reversible decrease in the accessibility of the membrane receptor to vWF. PMID- 818911 TI - Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: the case for conservatism. PMID- 818913 TI - [Use of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of asthma in children]. PMID- 818912 TI - Double barrelled common bile duct: a threat to biliary surgery. AB - The frequency of cholecystectomies has given the surgeon familiarity and confidence when dealing with biliary anomalies. Internal anomalies are not equally recognized, for they play little role in cholecystectomy. Recognition of internal anomalies is of prime importance, however, when the biliary tree is drained through the gallbladder. Radiographic confirmation of a patent drainage system, avoiding spillage of contrast material, should be routinely employed in these situations to obviate potentially lethal complications due to technical error. PMID- 818914 TI - [Multiple craniofacial fibromatous hyperexostoses]. PMID- 818915 TI - A new tube feed: Aminutrin and Calonutrin. AB - A new tube feed made up from separate sachets of 1-amino acids and saccharides, and mixed with milk, has been given to five patients for a total of 49 days. The preparation, administration and tolerance of the feed has been uncomplicated, and the electrolyte, calorie and nitrogen content could be easily varied according to the patient's needs. A simple metabolic study of the patients was made during the administration of the feed. PMID- 818916 TI - Analysis of the epoxide of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and its hydrolysis products by gas chromatography. PMID- 818917 TI - A rapid method for the purification of acid deoxyribonucleases. PMID- 818918 TI - A convenient assay for siderochrome hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 818919 TI - Isolation and characterization of canine spleen alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 818920 TI - A rapid electroimmunoassay system. PMID- 818921 TI - Enzymatic determination of acetazolamide in human plasma. PMID- 818922 TI - An electron microscopy study of the perfusion-fixed spleen. I. Intercellular junctions between sinus lining cells in monkey spleens. PMID- 818923 TI - A study of germ cell morphology and duration of spermatogenic cycle in the baboon, Papio anubis. AB - Biopsy and orchiectomy specimens were collected from two adult baboons (Papio anubis) at different intervals after intratesticular injection of H3-thymidine. Zenker-formol or Bouin's fixed materials were stained with PAS-Weigert Hematoxylin and radioautographed using the H.S.R. (Harleco Synthetic Resin) coating technique. Morphological features of most germ cells appeared similar to those of other monkeys, except that the spermatids in steps 9 to 11 showed a spike-like projection of the acrosome. Also, the type A spermatogonia showed some resemblance to the human type A spermatogonia. The cell associations consisted of 12 stages and a large number of tubular cross sections showed the presence of two or more stages. In Papio anubis, the zygotene spermatocytes are formed in stage VIII, and spermatozoa are released during stages V and VI. PMID- 818924 TI - [Digestive surgery in the hemophiliac]. PMID- 818926 TI - Long-term use of disodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. AB - For many patients disodium cromoglycate will retain its usefulness and safety in long-term use. Care should be exercised in employing disodium cromoglycate in chronic corticosteroid users who develop respiratory infection to avoid the development of pneumonia. Disodium cromoglycate may be expected to regain its usefulness following non-use of the drug for varying periods of time. PMID- 818925 TI - The effect of general anesthetic agents, ouabain, and aldosterone on striated muscle contraction in toad. AB - Na+ and K+ transport, resting potentials, action potentials, and muscle contraction are interrelated in the excitation-contraction coupling process. Since anesthetics affect the electrogenic Na+ transport mechanism in the toad bladder model and the coupled Na+, K+ transport in muscle, the authors tested the hypothesis that the effects of inhalation anesthetics on ion transport and muscle contraction are parallel. In this study, the effects were assessed of 4 inhalation anesthetics and, for comparison, the effects of ouabain and aldosterone, on contractions of toad sartorius muscle. Cyclopropane, N2O, ether, and halothane, as well as ouabain and aldosterone, increased twitch height in low concentrations. Halothane, ether, and ouabain decreased twitch height in high concentrations. The effect of cyclopropane and N2O, oubain, and aldosterone on muscle contraction closely paralleled their action on electrogenic Na+ transport. This observation supports the hypothesis that the influence of these agents on muscle contraction is linked to the effect on active ion transport or that both effects are equally sensitive to anesthetic agents. PMID- 818927 TI - [Enzyme deficiencies detected on cultured fibroblasts and amniotic cells. Application to prenatal diagnosis]. AB - The detection of enzumatic deficiencies on cultured cells is reviewed from the literature and the authors personal experience. The application to the antenatal diagnosis of enzymatic genetic diseases is discussed, with special reference to lysosomal enzymes, of which the deficiency is most frequent. The authors insist on the importance of such detections and the problems which they may have to meet. PMID- 818928 TI - Effects of Listeria monocytogenes and its components on adenosine triphosphate concentrations in mice. AB - The effects of Listeria monocytogenes and its components on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in mice were examined by in vitro and in vivo techniques. White female mice were intraperitoneally injected with L monocytogenes strain 9-125 and its components, and certain tissues of mice were exposed to the various listerial components in vitro, and the ATP concentrations in these tissues were measured. Results of in vivo experiments indicated that live listerial cells and certain components (hemolysin, cell wall, and cytoplasm) decreased the ATP concentrations in some tissues of the mice, whereas other components (peptidoglycan and endotoxin-like material) did not have any effects on ATP concentrations. Although hemolysin from L monocytogenes decreased the tissue ATP concentrations in vitro, other listerial components did not effect any of the exposed tissues. The data indicated some impairment of host energy metabolism occurred in mice exposed to L monocytogenes or to its components or to both. PMID- 818929 TI - Teichoic acid antibodies in the diagnosis of serious infections with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The development of antibodies to teichoic acid was studied in 56 patients with infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. All 28 patients with endocarditis eventually developed teichoic acid antibodies demonstrable both by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and by gel diffusion; however, 7 patients were negative on admission. Eight of 15 patients with S. aureus bacteremia developed antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and 6 of the 8 were positive by gel diffusion; 4 of those 6 had evidence of seeding of S. aureus. Three of 5 patients with osteomyelitis and 1 of 8 with localized peripheral abscesses had teichoic acid antibodies. Titers of 1:4 or greater by gel diffusion were present in 18 of 28 patients with endocarditis compared with only 1 of 10 patients with nonendocarditic staphylococcal infections. Thus, the demonstration and quantitation of teichoic acid antibodies is of great clinical value in the early diagnosis of infections due to S. aureus and in assessing the likelihood of deep intra- or perivascular seeding. PMID- 818930 TI - Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunologic and cellular characterization. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed in four of five siblings, whose father succumbed to the same disease. The pattern of immune deficiency in the leukemic siblings resembled that found in nonfamilial cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and was correlated with the severity of clinical involvement. In three siblings the peripheral blood leukemic cells shared delta-heavy and kappa-light chains as the only detectable surface immunoglobulin, suggesting that on a cellular and molecular level the chronic lymphocytic leukemia in family members is identical. The fourth and youngest sibling had no peripheral blood lymphocytes with detectable surface immunoglobulin. An inherited defect in the class of cells destined to express delta-heavy and kappa-light chains appears to underlie susceptibility to leukemia in this family. PMID- 818931 TI - The current status of laser usage in ophthalmology. PMID- 818933 TI - [JKa isoimmunization following the I.U.F.T. performed in erythroblastosis fetalis due to Rh incompatibility]. PMID- 818932 TI - [Effect of ammonia treatment of peanut meal cake contaminated with A. flavus on nutritional value for the duckling]. AB - Duckling are feeding peanut and meal detoxified or not by ammonia at the level of 25 p. 100. Control group are eating soybean meal at the same level. The raw protein content of diet is the same in each group. Experiment is carried out during four weeks, then duckling are killed. There is no significative difference between peanut meal detoxified and soybean meal relating to growth and food efficiency. Thus body weight is 775 and 764 g on duckling eating soybean meal; 764 and 827 g on duckling with peanut meal detoxified but only 472 and 452 g on birds with diet containing peanut meal not detoxified by NH3. Liver's weight is increased on these subjects. The ratio of liver weight to body weight X 100 is 5,49-4,79 and, respectively, 2,70-3,60 and 3,86-3,56 on duckling with detoxified peanut meal or controls eating soybean meal. Characteristic lesions of aflatoxicosis are developed on duckling consuming peanut meal not detoxified dosing about 285 mug/kg of Aflatoxin B1. Lesions are very slight, but present, on liver and kidney in detoxified peanut meal fed duckling. For kidney's lesions there are no differences between detoxified or not group, duckling eating detoxified peanut meal have absorbed 0,4 mug of Aflatoxin B1 during the eight first days of experiment and 8 to 10 mug during four weeks. These considerations explain light lesions observed and underlines duckling's sensitivity regarding aflatoxicosis. PMID- 818934 TI - Eimeria nebulosa n. sp. and Klossia pachyleparon n. sp. from the monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in Malaysia. AB - Eimeria nebulosa n. sp. and Klossia pachyleparon n. sp. are described from the monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in Malaysia. The flask shaped oocysts of E. nebulosa average 20.7 by 12.6 mum. The oocyst wall is composed of a single layer. There is a single polar granule but no residuum. Ellipsoidal sporocysts average 11.1 by 5.6 mum. A sporocyst residuum is present. Endogenous stages develop in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. The splerical oocysts of K. pachyleparon average 33.6 mum in diameter. The wall is about 2.5 mum thick and is composed of 3 layers. The spherical sporocysts average 10.8 mum in diameter. Sporocysts contain 4 sporozoites and residuum. Developmental stages were not observed. PMID- 818935 TI - [Uncinaria (Megadeirides) olseni n. sp., Nematode with archaical morphological characters, parasite of a Tupaia from Borneo (author's transl)]. AB - The species is closely related to U. bauchoti parasite of malagasian Tenrecoidea (sub-genus Megadeirides). The two species may be considered as a link with the primitive sub-family Globocephalinae. The genus Uncinaria itself is considered as an archaic group, which could be at the origin of Uncinariinae-Ancylostomatinae. PMID- 818936 TI - [Nematodes of the genus Spirura, parasites of Tupaia and Nycticebus in Malaysia (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological study of two Spirura parasites of the oesophageal and the gastric wall of Tupaia and Nycticebus in Malaysia. -- Spirura malayensis n. sp. is found both in Tupaia in the District of Selangor (West Malaysia) and in Nycticebus coucang in Borneo. Its very primitive characteristics relate it to S. diplocyphos Chabaud, Brygoo and Petter, 1965, parasite of lemurs from Madagascar. Its larval development was obtained experimentally in Blatella germanica. -- Spirura aurangabadensis (Ali and Lovekar, 1966) described from a microchiroptera in India is found in west Malaysia in a Nycticebus coucang, and in a Tupaia glis. -- The distribution of the different species and the comparative study of the larval and adult cephalic structures show that the genus Spirura arose and became diversified in the old world in very primitive hosts according to two main evolutive lines. PMID- 818937 TI - [Value of extemporaneous examination of Siphonaptera for the study of their parasites]. PMID- 818938 TI - [Fibromatosis in children. An attempt at classification, apropos of a case of extensive ossifying fibromatosis]. AB - In children, fibromatoses are fairly uncommon tumours assuming a variety of forms, whilst cutaneous fibromas are rarely found. Recognisable histologically by varied degrees of proliferation of fibroblasts and collagenous fibres, they present a very varied clinical and evolutive picture. A description is given of a case corresponding to "progressive ossifying myositis" and a criticism made of this designation which includes a condition which is not myositis at all but rather an ossifying fibromatosis. PMID- 818939 TI - [Toporaphy of chromosome banding in Papio papio]. AB - Results are given of a study of chromosome banding patterns of Papio papio. The 22 chromosomes are described and illustrated and their measurements are given. PMID- 818941 TI - Blood groups antigens, plasma protein and red cell isoenzyme polymorphisms in south-west Scotland. AB - Blood donor specimens from South-west Scotland were analysed for the following polymorphisms: ABO, Rhesus (D), Haptoglobin, Transferrin, Immunoglobulin (GM), RBC acid phophatase, RBC phosphoglucomutase and RBC adenylate kinase. Genetic differences exist between the regions in S.W. Scotland and between S.W. Scotland and other Irish and Irish Sea regions. This variability is detailed and discussed. The results are mapped by converting the data into distance values and by using a nonmetrical scaling technique. Overall the present S.W. Scotland data are similar to Cumbrian and Manx results and dissimilar to the Irish data. PMID- 818940 TI - Sero-genetic studies on the Dama of South West Africa. AB - The Dama of South West Africa are a Negroid people living as a reproductive isolate in the desert and semi-desert areas of the north-west of the country. Until recent times a large proportion of them were held in bondage by the Khoikhoi (Hottentot) Nama, while the rest lived as hunter-gatherers in the mountains. This study and the work of Knussmann and Knussmann indicate that they are a Negro people, which probably has been cut off over a period from contact with other Negroes. They have received very little genetic contribution from the Khoikhoi or the San (Bushmen). The results of this investigation of 24 blood genetic marker systems in a carefully selected random sample of Dama support these conclusions. PMID- 818942 TI - The frequencies of the ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in the Kurdish population of Iraq. AB - The gene frequencies of IA, IB and IO in a sample of 6245 Kurdish individuals born in Iraq were 0-230, 0-156 and 0-605 respectively. The gene frequency of Rh (D) + was 0-794 and for Rh (D)-- was 0-205. PMID- 818943 TI - [Species makeup, biological activity and antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes isolated from patients with a surgical infection]. AB - Specimens from 227 patients with purulent surgical infections of various localization were tested. The microbial growth was observed in 87.6 per cent of the patients, staphylococci being found in 80.8 per cent of them. The plasma coagulating properties were detected in the staphylococci from 84.2 per cent of the patients among the total number of the staphylococcal isolates. Staphylococci were mostly isolated from the patients with osteomyelitis, infected wounds. Monocultures of the microbes and associations were found in 78.8 and 22.1 per cent of the patients respectively. The microbial associations were observed most often in cases with the diseases of the respiratory organs or abdominal cavity and osteomyelitis as compared to the cases with infected wounds. As dependent on the origin, the staphylococci in the patients of various groups differed by their phage type characteristics. Most of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, monomycin and neomycin (84 to 99.1 per cent). The antibiotic sensitive staphylococci were isolated more frequent from the cases with osteomyelitis and the diseases of the respiratory organs as compared to the other nosological forms. PMID- 818944 TI - [Tetracycline distribution in the body of animals and its effect on cellular interaction in the immune response]. AB - Distribution of tetracyclines and their effect on interaction of the cells in the immune response were studied on pigs and rabbits non-vaccinated, immunized with formolvaccin against paratyphoid fever and experimentally infected with the paratyphoid causative agent. It was found that oxytetracycline and tetracycline administered parentally to the animals formed complexes with the proteins and especially with albumins and gamma-globulins, were rapidly adsorbed by the lymphocytes and consumed by the cells of the reticulo-macro- and micro-phage systems, epithelium of the kidney cannaculi and the cells of the liver parenchyma. Immunomorphological changes accompanied by formation of antibodies to the antibiotics were found in the bloodforming-lymphoid system after repeated parental administrations of the tetracyclines. The titers of the antibodies to oxytetracycline and tetracycline were high by the 5th--14th day after the antibiotic administration and the relatively high levels persisted for 1.5 months. The use of tetracyclines during the induction stage of immunogenesis had a pronounced inhibitory effect on development of immunity against the paratyphoid fever antigen. On the basis of the tetracycline capacity for binding with immunoglobulins and intensive adsorption by the lymphocytes it is possible to suppose that the inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on immunogenesis was connected with their blocking the receptors of T- and B-lymphocytes. PMID- 818945 TI - [Experimental study of an aerosol preparation containing gentamicin (gentasol)]. AB - Composition of a suspension aerosol drug, gentasol for local application was developed. It contained gentamycin and prednisolon. The antimicrobial properties of the drug were studied in vitro. It was found that gentasol had a pronounced antimicrobiol effect and inhibited the growth of many microorganisms including cultures resistant to other antibiotics. The drug was active against Ps. aeruginosa and Proteus, which is an advantage of it as compared to other antibiotic aerosol drugs. The study showed that gentasol had self-sterilizing properties. PMID- 818946 TI - [Mathematical model of the effect of inorganic phosphorus on the tetracycline biosynthesis process]. AB - A special apparatus with continuous dosing of substrates to flasks was used for experiments on the effect of inorganic phosphorus concentrations on the growth process of Act. aureofaciens and tetracycline biosynthesis. The experimental data showed that the character of the orthophosphorus effect on the mycellium growth and antibiotic biosynthesis was different. The relations were described with macrokinetic equations of Mono and Andrus type. PMID- 818947 TI - [Antibiotic and chemopreparation sensitivity of the microflora isolated from the bile in inflammatory diseases of the biliary excretory system]. AB - The study of sensitivity to some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics of 250 cultures of the main causative agents of the inflammatory diseases of the bile secretion system, i. e. Coli bacteria, Proteus, Ps. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus showed that the above microorganisms were in most cases highly resistant to the antibacterial drugs widely used in the clinical practice. The exclusion presented the drugs of the aminoglycoside group and especially gentamycin which had the highest activity. The analysis of multiple resistance showed that 96 per cent of the strains were resistant to 5 and more antibacterial drugs. PMID- 818948 TI - [Interferonogenic and antiviral activity of the tobacco mosaic virus, tilorone and sodium nucleinate]. AB - Production of endogenic interferon in animals in responce to administration of tobaco mozaic virus, tilorone and sodium nucleinate was shown. Dependence of interferon production on the type of the inductor and the route of its administration was studied. Absolute innocuiuty of the tobaco mozaic virus for monkeys (macaco-resus) and mice, as well as the absence of any side effects in humans treated with it perorally was shown. The tobaco mozaic virus, tilorone and sodium nucleinate used perorally in treatment of experimental infections of mice caused by the viruses of East and West encephalomyelitis, influenza and tick encephalitis had a pronounced protective effect. PMID- 818949 TI - [Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on tetracycline biosynthesis]. AB - The paper presents data on the effect of CO2 dissolved in the fermentation broth on biosynthesis of tetracycline. It was shown that there was optimal concentration of CO2 for the tetracyline-producing organism. As a result of the experiments the ranges of the optimal concentrations within 2 to 8 ml of CO2 per 100 ml of the fermentation broth were determined. PMID- 818950 TI - [Increasing the threshold sensitivity of the spot detection reaction on a chromatogram]. AB - A known analytical procedure was used for increasing the sensitivity threshold of the reaction of the zone opening on chromatogrammes. The procedure was the following: the carboxylic acid admixtures determined chromatographically were previously extracted from dry samples of the test-compounds into an optimal solvent. The expediency of the procedure was shown on examples of phenylacetic, phenoxyacetic and isoxasolcarboxylic acids present as admixtures in semisynthetic penicillins and raw materials used for their preparation. The threshold sensitivity was increased by 6 to 9 times. The chromatographic separation was performed in a fixed layer of Silica Gel KSK treated with a buffer. The mobile phase was used in the form of a solvent system: n-heptan-glacial acetic acid (95:5). PMID- 818951 TI - [Experimental study of the antibacterial action of levomycatin in a 40% solution of hexamethylenetetramine]. AB - Antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic activity of 2 per cent solution of levomycetin in 40 per cent solution of hexamethylentetramine was studied. The preparation was proposed as a new extemporal pharmaceutical form of levomycetin for intravenous administration. It was shown that the bacteriostatic activity of levomycetin in the above pharmaceutical form against microbial cultures sensitive to the antibiotic did not differ from that of levomycetin in the form of an aqueous solution. However, the bactericidal effect of the preparation appeared to be higher as compared to that of the levomycetin aqueous solution, which is explained by the synergistic effect of hexamethylentetramine and levomycetin. The chemotherapeutic effect of the preparation tested on albino mice with experimental infection caused by Coli bacteria was more pronounced than the effect of levomycetin sodium succinate. PMID- 818952 TI - [Relationship between beta-lactamase activity of clinical strains of Pseudomonas pyocyanea and their resistance to penicillins]. AB - The study of 50 clinical strains of Ps. aeruginosa revealed their high resistance to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, streptomycin and kanamycin with a tendency to polyresistance. The same strains were highly sensitive to gentamycin and polymyxin. The strains produced constitutive beta-lactamase in small amounts. The enzyme synthesis in Ps. aeruginosa was induced by benzylpenicillin. Still high concentrations of it were required for the induction. The maximum induction of beta-lactamase synthesis was observed by the 6th hour of the inductor addition. The maximum induction level was observed 4 hours after addition of benzylpenicillin. The level of induction of beta-lactamase synthesis in the strains ranged within 5-93. A significant part of the enzyme was liberated from the cells during induction. Interaction between the induction level of beta lactamase synthesis and resistance of Ps. aeruginosa to penicillins was found. PMID- 818953 TI - [Effect of gentamicin and pentoxyl on the immunological reactivity of the body in the treatment of sepsis caused by Ps. aeruginosa]. AB - The state of immunological reactivity was studied on 250 albino mice treated with gentamycin and pentoxyl used alone or in combination because of sepsis caused by Ps. aeruginosa. Morphological changes in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as the dynamics of the agglutinins accumulation in the blood serum were investigated. Gentamycin had no significant effect on the plasmocytal reaction in the lymph nodes and at the same time lowered the number of the immunocompetent cells in the spleen and the titer of agglutinins in the blood serum. The use of gentamycin in combination with pentoxyl had a stimulating effect on transformation of the plasmic cells in the lymphoid organs and resulted in increased titers of agglutinins in the blood serum of the animals treated. PMID- 818954 TI - Isolation of salmonellae and other potential pathogens from the freshwater aquarium snail Ampullaria. AB - The freshwater aquarium snail (Ampullaria spp.) was demonstrated to carry as many as 10(8) viable mesophilic bacteria per g of meat plus shell. Some 16 genera of bacteria were identified, with gram negatives predominating. Enrichment culture techniques enabled the isolation of salmonellae from 24 to 42 lots of 200 g each. The salmonellae comprised eight different serotypes, including Salmonella newport, Salmonella saint-paul, and Salmonella infantis. This association of salmonellae with snails may contribute to cases of human salmonellosis, since other aquarium species have already been shown to contribute to many such cases. The snails were also found to commonly harbor Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, occasionally, Edwardsiella tarda. PMID- 818955 TI - Invalidity of the acetylene reduction assay in alkane-utilizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. AB - The cause of the failure of the C2H2-C2H4 assay for nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing on lower alkanes was studied. Acetylene was a strong competitive inhibitor of methane oxidation for methane-utilizing bacteria, as well as for the oxidation of lower alkanes by other bacteria, so that energy and reducing power were no longer available for the reduction of acetylene by nitrogenase. Nitrogen fixing bacteria grown on alkanes may reduce acetylene when intermediates of alkane-breakdown or other substrates oxidizable in the presence of acetylene are supplied. Ethylene co-oxidation is not responsible for the failure of the test, because acetylene also inhibits this co-oxidation along with methane oxidation. PMID- 818956 TI - Evaluation of Pfizer selective enterococcus and KF media for recovery of fecal streptococci from water by membrane filtration. AB - Pfizer selective enterococcus (PSE) and KF agars were compared for their recovery of fecal streptococci from sewage effluent on membrane filters. The results showed that PSE agar is highly selective for the enterococci. The tan color resulting from esculin hydrolysis, which was not always visible on the surfaces of the colonies, is not considered a necessary differential characteristic on PSE agar since more than 90% of all colonies recovered on membrane filters were confirmed as fecal streptococci and 86% were confirmed as enterococci. The detection of esculin hydrolysis on membrane filters was not improved by using the new Millipore type HC filter. KF agar recovered significantly greater numbers of organisms but was not as selective, with 83% of the typical colonies being confirmed as fecal streptococci and 54% as enterococci. An attempt to improve the selectivity of KF agar while retaining its inclusiveness by incubation at 45 C was not successful. PMID- 818957 TI - Field accumulation of aflatoxin in cottonseed as influenced by irrigation termination dates and pink bollworm infestation. AB - Aflatoxin accumulation in Deltapine 16 cottonseed, grown in Yuma, Ariz., in a 3 year study, was significantly influenced by the timing of irrigation terminations and by level of pink bollworm infestations. In 1971 and 1972, termination of irrigations by early August resulted in significantly less aflatoxin than in plots where two additional irrigations were applied. Significantly less aflatoxin also was found in the 1971 and 1973 plots where low levels of pink bollworm infestations were maintained. PMID- 818958 TI - Concentrations of nitrifying bacteria in sewages, effluents, and a receiving stream and resistance of these organisms to chlorination. AB - Estimates of NH4+-and NO2-oxidizers in samples from four activated sludge plants treating mainly domestic sewage were obtained using a most-probable-number (MPN) technique. Ranges of concentrations per milliliter of each, respectively, were 1,010 to 3,880 and 79 to 145 in settled sewages, 32 to 7,420 and 2 to 1,010 in secondary effluents, and less than 0.1 to 622 and 0.1 to 70 in chlorinated secondary effluents. The results of this field study indicated that nitrifiers were more resistant to chlorination than fecal streptococci, which were also enumerated. In laboratory studies the survivals of these bacterial groups in secondary effluents were determined after exposure to chlorine residuals of up to 2 mg/liter for 0 to 60 min. The nitrifiers proved considerably more resistant than fecal streptococci, with NO2-oxidizers showing greater resistance than NH4+ oxidizers. Below the outfall of one of the plants that discharges heavily chlorinated unnitrified effluent, NH4+-oxidizers amounted to approximately 200 X 10(5) per g of slime scraped from stream-bed rocks. Upstream of the outfall this was approximatley 3 X 10(5)/G. PMID- 818959 TI - Comparison between numbers and kinds of freshwater protozoans colonizing autoclaved and unautoclaved polyurethane foam substrates. AB - Autoclaved and unautoclaved polyurethane substrates were placed in Douglas Lake, Michigan, to determine whether fatty amines produced by autoclaving affected the colonization process. These results indicate that there was no major difference in the numbers of colonizing species in either kind of substrate. The kinds of species showed considerable overlap among the categories of substrate. PMID- 818960 TI - Lecithin agar for detection of microbial phospholipases. AB - Lecithin agar was developed on which phospholipase C produced turbid zones and phospholipase A produced clear zones. Reactions on lecithin agar agreed 74% of the time with reactions in egg yolk broth. On lecithin agar, interpretation was easier, phospholipase A was detectable, and opaque zones were visible 1 or 2 days earlier than on egg yolk agar. All constituents of the medium can be autoclaved. PMID- 818961 TI - A dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by lysine monooxygenase, a flavooxygenase. PMID- 818962 TI - Oxygen activation by isolated chloroplasts from euglena gracilis. Isolation and properties of a fluorescent compound that catalyzes monovalent oxygen reduction. PMID- 818963 TI - Effect of feeding on ventilation and respiratory mechanics in newborn infants. AB - Measurements of ventilation and respiratory mechanics were made before and after tube feeding in 24 infants. In 12 infants with the respiratory distresssyndrome tidal volume tended to fall after feeding; as the respiratory rate increased after feeding; as the respiratory rate increased after feeding, minute ventilation remained unchanged. Hypoventilation is therefore unlikely to be the cause of hypoxaemia after feeding. Compliance, resistance, and the work of breathing showed no changes after feeding. In 12 healthy infants feeding had no effects on pulmonary function. There was a slight rise in compliance and a tendency for work of breathing to fall after feeding. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation remained unchanged. There was therefore no evidence of adverse effects of feeding on any of the factors measured. It is suggested that hypoxaemia without hypoventilation after feeding in infants with pre-existing respiratory distress syndrome might be attributable to a reduction in functional residual capacity associated with a greater extent of airways closure than before feeding. PMID- 818964 TI - Neonatal brain growth during prolonged intravenous feeding. AB - Little is known about the affects of long-term intravenous nutrition on brain growth and development in low birthweight infants. We report the post-mortem analysis of the brain of an infant born at 32 weeks of gestation who died 10 weeks of continuous intravenous feeding. During this time there was evidence of brain growth while somatic growth was severely restricted. Compared with normal data for brain biochemistry for 42 weeks of gestational age, measurements showed that the brain was small and biochemically immature with the cerebellum and brain stem being particularly affected. PMID- 818965 TI - Ultrastructural changes produced in rheumatoid synovial membrane by chrysotherapy. AB - Biopsies of rheumatoid synovial membrane before and after chrysotherapy were examined with the light and electron microscopes, and subjected to electronprobe x-ray analysis. The main change noted was the occurrence of electron-dense deposits of characteristic morphology within pre-existing lysosomes. Such deposits were also seen in other varieties of lysosomal bodies. X-ray analysis showed the presence of gold, phosphorus, osmium, and calcium in these deposits. The present study shows that gold enters the pre-existing lysosomes, supporting the concept that the beneficial effects of chrysotherapy are due to its action on the lysosome. PMID- 818966 TI - [Morph-physiological researches on Schizomycetes. Morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture of the microbial colony. II : B. cereus]. PMID- 818967 TI - The porcine aortic valve bioprosthesis: a significant alternative. PMID- 818968 TI - [Metabolic products of microorganisms. 156. Synthesis and biosynthesis of substituted tryptanthrins (author's transl)]. AB - Candida lipolytica synthesizes the antibiotic tryptanthrin from 1 mole tryptophan and 1 mole anthranilic acid. When feeding tryptophan and substituted anthranilic acids, or substituted tryptophans and anthranilic acid, we could isolate and identify the expected derivatives of tryptanthrin. The enzymes of the biosynthesis of tryptanthrin, with the exception of bromotryptophan, had no specifity for these substrates. In addition to these experiments substituted tryptanthrines were chemically synthesized. We checked them for antibiotic action; the halogen compounds turned out to be especially effective. PMID- 818969 TI - Discrimination of Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium lupini, Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizobium leguminosarum and of bacteroids by uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid, glutamic acid and phosphate. AB - Rhizobium strains (one each of Rh. japonicum, Rh. lupini, Rh. leguminosarum) take up 2-ketoglutaric acid in general much faster and from lower concentrations in the medium than strains of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Chromobacterium violaceum. A strain of Enterobacter aerogenes, however, is more similar to some Rhizobium strains. The same strains of Rhizobium take up also phosphate much faster and from lower concentrations than the other bacteria tested. 4 strains of Rh. lupini proved to be significantly different from 4 strains of Rh. trifolii in taking up L-glutamic acid from three to ten times lower concentration within 5 h. A similar difference was noticed between 5 strains of Rh. leguminosarum and 2 strains of Rh. japonicum for the uptake of 2 ketoglutaric acid and of L-glutamic acid. Isolated bacteroids from nodules of Glycine max var. Chippeway have a reduced uptake capacity for glutamic acid and for 2-ketoglutaric acid during the first 10-12 h, but reach the same value after 24 h as free living Rh. japonicum cells. The differences in the uptake kinetics are independent of cell concentration. The group II Rhizobium strains (Rh. japonicum and Rh. lupini, slow growing Rhizobium) are characterized by a rapid uptake of glutamic acid to a low remaining concentration of 1-3 X 10(-7) M and an uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid to a remaining concentration of 2-5 X 10(-7) M. The group I Rhizobium strains (Rh. trifolii and Rh. leguminosarum, fast growing Rhizobium), can be characterized by a much slower uptake of both substances with a more than ten times higher concentration of both metabolites remaining in the medium after the same time. PMID- 818972 TI - Alterations in the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. AB - In both freeze-etched and critical-point dried preparations examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the outer surfaces of the cells of Spirillum serpens VHL assume a wrinkled appearance 10-15 min after challenge by Bdellovibrion bacteriovorus 109D. This wrinkling effect is believed (on circumstantial evidence) to be caused by the bdellovibrio's disruption of the cell wall lipoprotein of the Spirillum. With the exception of those topological changes caused by wrinkling, the outer membrane of the Spirillum cell wall retains a normal appearance, as viewed in freeze-etched preparations, even after the Spirillum cell has been converted into a bdelloplast. Although the peptidoglycan layer of the Spirillum cell presumably is weakened somewhat by the invading Bdellovibrio, evidence obtained from freeze fractured preparations of Spirillum bdelloplasts suggests that the peptidoglycan remains as a discrete cell wall layer, even though the Spirillum cell wall apparently has lost much of its rigidity. That the peptidoglycan backbone remains essentially intact, even after the Spirillum cell has been entered by the Bdellovibrio, is supported by the observation that the soluble amino sugar content of the culture medium, as determined by chemical analysis, does not rise even 5.0 h after the association of the Bdellovibrio with the Spirillum has begun. PMID- 818971 TI - The coupling effects of some thiol and other sulfur-containing compounds on the circadian rhythm of cell division in photosynthetic mutants of Euglena. AB - Previous work has demonstrated a persisting, free-running, circadian rhythm of cell division in the P4ZUL photosynthetic mutant of the alga Euglena gracilis Klebs (Strain Z) Pringsheim grown organotrophically in continuous light or darkness at 19 degrees C following prior synchronization by a repetitive LD:10,14 light cycle. A similar circadian rhythmicity has been recently discovered in the W6ZHL heat-bleached and the Y9ZNalL naladixic acid-induced mutants of Euglena grown under comparable conditions. Over extended timespans, however, these mutants appear to gradually lose first their ability to display persisting overt rhythms, and then even their capability of being entrained by imposed LD cycles. These properties can be restored by the addition of certain sulfur-containing compounds to the medium including cysteine, methionine, dithiothreital, sodium monosulfide, sodium sulfite, and sodium thiosulfate, as well as thioglycolic [mercaptoacetic] acid. The implications of these findings toward biological clock mechanisms are discussed: It appears that some sort of coupling process is operating as opposed to the initiation of an underlying oscillation. PMID- 818970 TI - Partial purification and characterization of alpha-glucosidase from Pseudomonas fluorescens W. AB - The alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) of Pseudomonas fluorescens W was partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme showed great specificity for maltose hydrolysis, with very little action against polymeric forms. Sucrose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, and maltobionic acid were not hydrolyzed. Turanose was a strong competitive inhibitor, and glucose a weaker one. Tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethylpropan-1:3-diol) inhibited enzyme activity significantly only at alkaline pH. Mercuric, cupric, and silver cations strongly inhibited, and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) weakly inhibited the enzyme. The isolated enzyme was rather unstable even at 4 degrees C, and was destroyed by freezing and lyophilization. Inositol and albumin had a slightly protective effect. Sulfhydryl-binding reagents strongly inhibited the enzyme. PMID- 818974 TI - Oxygen metabolism in Pseudomonas methanica. AB - Three sites of oxygen metabolism in Pseudomonas methanica have been identified on the basis of studies of methane, ethanol and formate oxidation. The three oxidations exhibit different affinities for oxygen and sensitivities to inhibition by cyanide. The results obtained are consistent with the presence of a methane oxygenase and at least two terminal oxidases in Pseudomonas methanica. PMID- 818973 TI - Transport of maltose by Pseudomonas fluorescens W. AB - The system for uptake of maltose in Pseudomonas fluorescens W was inducible. Using a mutant strain unable to hydrolyze maltose, it was shown that maltose was taken up unaltered against a concentration gradient. Uptake of 14C maltose was only significantly inhibited by nonradioactive maltose or maltotriose. These were the only sugars that could displace accumulated radioactive maltose in the strain unable to hydrolyze maltose. Uptake exhibited saturation kinetics and was inhibited by energy poisons, indicating that this system was one of active transport. Sulfhydryl-binding reagents reversibly inhibited maltose uptake. No transport ability was lost when cells were subjected to osmotic shock. Using the protein-binding dye 7-diazonium-1, 3-naphthalene disulfonate a protein or proteins located in or external to the cell membrane was implicated in maltose transport. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucoside (PNPG) was used as an indirect measure of transport ability since penetration of PNPG, not its hydrolysis, was the rate-limiting step. PMID- 818975 TI - DNA of Myxococcus bacteriophage MX-1: macromolecular properties and restriction fragments. AB - 1. Bacteriophage MX-1 is a virulent DNA phage whose hosts include strains of Myxococcus xanthus, M. fulvus and M. virescens. DNA was extracted from purified phage preparations. The molecular weight of phage DNA was measured by sedimentation-velocity and by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation. The apparent molecular weight was found to vary for reasons discussed in the text. From rate zonal ultracentrifugation, using calibrated sucrose gradients, the molecular weight was calculated to be 149 (+/-22) X 10(6) daltons. The base composition of the DNA was estimated by different methods and was found to be 50-52% (G + C). The DNA demonstrated an anomalous thermal denaturation profile in dilute buffer. Denatured DNA was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and by buoyant density centrifugation. No significant strand separation was obained and it was concluded that overall base compositions of the two strands are very similar. 2. DNA from bacteriophage MX-1 was hydrolysed with restriction endonucleases R. EcoRI, R.EcoRII and R. HindIII. The restriction fragments were catelogued and their apparent molecular weights calculated from electrophoresis gels calibrated with fragments from the DNA of coliphage lambda. From the total fragments obtained with nuclease R.EcoRI, the minimum apparent molecular weight of MX-1 DNA was found to be 130 X 10(6) daltons. PMID- 818976 TI - Restriction in Myxococcus virescens. AB - 1. The plating efficiency of bacteriophage MX-1 on Myxococcus xanthus strains A and B and M. virescens V2 were compared. Comparison of strains V2 and A suggest that V2 is restrictive and A is not (restriction coefficient was approximately 8). A derivative of M. virescens V2 (strain V2-9) was obtained by repeated exposure of strain V2 to ultraviolet radiation. Strain V2-9 was also unrestrictive. Strain B is apparently unrestrictive too but analysis of phenotypic changes in phage derived from hosts V2, B and A suggested that some of the host-cell processes differ from orthodox restriction and modification. 2. Cell-free extracts from M. virescens V2 were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and two restriction endonucleases, R. MviV2I and R. MviV2II were identified. Nuclease I was found to hydrolyse coliphage lambdaDNA at apparently one site only and MX-1 DNA at approximatley 10 sites; nuclease II was found to hydrolyse MX-1 DNA at a very large number of sites and its restriction sequence was of comparable frequency with that of R. EcoRII. "Modified MX-1 DNA", obtained from phage whose last host was M. virescens V2 was hydrolysed by nuclease II but not by nuclease I. The significance of these findings for restriction in myxococci is discussed. PMID- 818977 TI - [Investigation of the influence of copper and cobalt ions on the carcinogenesis by diethyl-nitrosamine (DENA) in Wistar rats (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous subcutaneous applications of metal salts (CuSO4X 5H2O and CoC12 X 6 H2O respectively) have no influence on the percentage of the tumor yield after long-term subcutaneous applications of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). In accordance with results in syrian golden hamsters a high percentage of tumors of the nasal cavity (predominantly esthesioneuroepitheliomas) occur after subcutaneous injection of DENA into rats, too. PMID- 818978 TI - Management of acute spine and spinal cord injuries. Old and new concepts. AB - The modern, positive approach to treatment of injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord has produced excellent long-term survival, but less progress has been made in reversal of the neurologic defect. Injuries to the spinal column are of four types: flexion-dislocation, hyperextension, vertical compression, and rotation. Those to the spinal cord also involve four categories: morphologic damage, hemorrhage and vascular damage, structural changes, and biochemical response. Experimental work has explored new adjuncts to conservative treatment, such as norepinephrine antagonists, other drugs, and hypothermia. These results, and those of surgery on the experimental lesions, have been hopeful, but not definitive. Controversy surrounds the surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of clinical spinal cord injury. Operation is indicated for roentgenographic evidence of bone fragments in the spinal canal, for worsening neurological symptoms, and, possibly, if experimental evidence is to be followed, for surgical decompression in the very early minutes or hours after injury. PMID- 818980 TI - State board adopts code of ethics. PMID- 818979 TI - Letter: Primary repair of colonic injuries. PMID- 818981 TI - Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the jaws--report of a case. PMID- 818982 TI - [A comparative electron microscopic study of the peripheral blood leukocytes of vertebrates]. AB - The ultrastructure of leukocytes of the peripheral blood was studied in representatives of classes of fishes (Cyprinus carpio), amphibia (Rana redibunda, Bufo bufo), reptiles (Testudo horshfield), birds (Columba livia) and mammals (Rattus norvegicus). The granules are characterized by homogeneous or heterogeneous matrix. The granules of special leukocytes (turtle) and pseudoesinophils (pigeon) have larger dimensions than those in neutrophils of other animals. The matrix of the eosinophil granules of the carp and rat contain crystalloid structures while the granules of eosinophils of amphibia, turtles and pigeons are characterized by electron dense homogeneous matrix. The basophil granules are larger and in addition to homogeneous or fine granular structure (turtle, pigeon, rat) have lamellar structure (Cyprinus carpio, frog, toad). The ultrastructural organization of agranulocytes and plasma cells of the animals studied is also described. PMID- 818983 TI - [Efferent connections of different hippocampal fields with the septum and diencephalic and midbrain structures (fornical efferent fibers)]. AB - The fornical projection of certain fields of the hippocampus was studied after stereotaxical lesions of them by thin electrodes (not thicker than 100 mu). Degenerated fibres were studied by the method of Nauta--Gygax and Knook in serial sections prepared in sagittal, horizontal and frontal planes. The fornical projection was found to be different for different fields of the hippocampus. The subiculum, fields H1 and H2 send their efferents though the inferior fornix into pre- and postcommissural parts. The fibres running to the precommissural fornix terminate in the medial, lateral, dorsal nuclei of the septum, in the nucleus of the diagonal bundle and in the frontal continuation of the hippocampus. The fibres running to the postcommissural fornix, sending a small number of preterminals to the frontal, non-specific group of nuclei of the thalamus, frontal hypothalamic field and the central grey matter surrounding the Silvius aqueduct, terminate in mamillary bodies (in the medial nucleus and a small number of them-in the lateral nucleus). Fields H3, H4, H5 send their efferent fibres through the inferior fornix only to the precommissural part of the fornix; they terminate in the septo-fimbrial, medial, dorsal, lateral nuclei of the septum, in the nucleus of the diagnoal bundle and in the frontal continuation of the hippocampus of the of the ipsi- and contrataral side. Greater Fields H2, H4, 4K send no efferent conductors to the postcommissural fornix. Fields H3, H4, H5 send no afferent conductors to the post-commissural fornix. The denate fascia has no extrahippocampal projection. PMID- 818984 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis: high versus low-dose insulin therapy. PMID- 818985 TI - [Morphologic changes in the chorio-allantoic membrane and organs of chick embryos inoculated with blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (concerning the viral etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus)]. AB - Morphological studies of 14 chorionallantoic membranes and organs of chick embryos which had been infected on the 7--8th day of incubation with leucocytic mass from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were carried out. Corresponding virological and morphological control studies were performed. The changes observed were repeatedly reproduced in multiple inoculations (from the 2nd to the 16th passage). Apart from morphological changes, which may be listed among general pathological processes (impairment of the circulation, dystrophy, proliferation), changes testifying to a possible cytopathic effect disintegration of nuclei, formation of gigantic cells and multinuclear symplasts were also noted. The most pronounced changes, both in the chorionallantoic membrane and in internal organs, were observed on the 3rd--5th passage and on the 3rd--5th day of incubation following inoculation. They correlated with the clinical activity of the process in patients from whom the blood for inoculation had been taken. The data obtained justify the assumption concerning the existence in the blood of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus a transplantable agent producing a cytopathic action, and may be considered as a new indirect corroborative evidence in favour of the concept of the viral nature of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 818986 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in ovarian tumor cancer cells under the influence of preoperative chemotherapy]. AB - Studies of ultrastructural changes in cancerous cells of tumours of the ovaries in patients who had undergone preoperative chemotherapy, and the ultrastructural organization of cancerous cells of the overies in patients who had received no such treatment were carried out. Comparisons of the data obtained were made. It is established that preoperative chemotherapy brought about changes both in the nucleus and in cytoplasma of the cancerous cells. In particular, non-uniform distribution of nucleous chromatin, its quantitative decrease, enlargement of nucleoli, destruction of the cytoplasmic network membranes, vacuolization of mitochondria with destruction of crista therein, were observed. Preoperative chemotherapy leads to distortion of the genetic information of cancerous cells, causes inhibition of energy and metabolism processes in these cells, which results in perish of the cells and in regression of tumours. PMID- 818987 TI - [Pseudotuberculosis in simians]. AB - Pathologo-anatomic picture of the disease caused by Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis in 20 red monkeys and 2 green marmosets are described. An intestinal form of the infection was observed in the majority of the animals. The main manifestations of pseudotuberculosis in the monkeys were: lesions of the gastro-intestinal tract in the form of grave, occasionally ulcerative enterocolitis; enlargement of the spleen with the presence therein and in the liver of necroses and low granulomatous reaction; enlargement of the lymph nodes, mesenteric in particular, with the characteristic macrophagal reaction in them; impairment of the blood circulation in organs with haemorrhages and necroses, with colonies of microbes in tissues. In the course of bacteriological investigations the pathogen Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the perished animals. PMID- 818988 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis in the cheek pouch of Syrian hamsters receiving supplementary zinc. PMID- 818989 TI - Iris nodules in essential iris atrophy. AB - Seven cases are reported, believed to be the first in the literature, in which iris nodules are verified in the complete spectrum of essential iris atrophies. This feature appears late in the course of the disease as small yellow nodules that progressively increase in number and gradually become dark brown. The differential diagnosis of multiple iris nodules includes neurofibromatosis, melanomas, inflammatory nodules, and developmental anomalies such as iridocorneal dysgenesis. PMID- 818990 TI - The use of parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition with special reference to the paediatric age group. PMID- 818992 TI - The patient in perspective. Nursing care of children undergoing parenteral nutrition. PMID- 818991 TI - "Every third day" (long-segment Hirschsprung's disease). PMID- 818993 TI - A parent's view (long-segment Hirschsprung's disease). PMID- 818994 TI - Psychological care of the child on long-term I/V nutrition. PMID- 818996 TI - The effects of control over high intensity noise on plasma cortisol levels in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 818995 TI - Medical legacy of Skylab as of May 9, 1974: the manned Skylab missions. AB - The purpose of these summary remarks is to put into proper focus the magnificent achievement created by the Skylab Medical Team in concert with their engineering colleagues and most importantly, the astronauts who had to serve as both investigators and subjects. Indeed, by their ingenuity and capability of handling the numerous problems encountered due to engineering deficiencies, they have shown man to be indispensable in long-duration space flight. PMID- 818997 TI - [Periarticular ossifications following hip alloarthroplasty using the Siwasch TEP]. PMID- 818998 TI - Elongation of fatty acids by microsomal fractions from the brain of the developing rat. AB - Elongation of fatty acids by microsomal fractions obtained from rat brain was measured by the incorporation of [2-14C]malonyl-CoA into fatty in the presence of palmitoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA. 2. Soluble and microsomal fractions were prepared from 21-day-old rats; density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the stearoyl-CoA elongation system was localized in the microsomal fraction whereas fatty acid biosynthesis de novo from acetyl-CoA occurred in the soluble fraction. The residual activity de novo in the microsomal fraction was attributed to minor contamination by the soluble fraction. 3. The optimum concentration of [2 14C]malonyl-CoA for elongation of fatty acids was 25 mum for palmitoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA, and the corresponding optimum concentrations for the two primer acyl-CoA esters were 8.0 and 7.2 muM respectively. 4. Nadph was the preferred cofactor for fatty acid formation from palmitoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA, although NADH could partially replace it. 5. The stearoyl-CoA elongation system required a potassium phosphate buffer concentration of 0.075M for maximum activity; CoA (1 MUM) inhibited this elongation system by approx. 30%. 6. The fatty acids formed from malonyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA had a predominant chain length of C18 whereas stearoyl-CoA elongation resulted in an even distribution of fatty acids with chain lengths of C20, C22 and C24. 7. The products of stearoyl-CoA elongation were identified as primarily unesterified fatty acids. 8. The developmental pattern of fatty acid biosynthesis by rat brain microsomal preparations was studied and both the palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA elongation systems showed large increases in activity between days 10 and 18 after birth. PMID- 818999 TI - Inhibition of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetasymol. AB - The bacteriostatic effect of low concentrations of the antibiotic granaticin on Bacillus subtilis is relieved by the addition leucine to the growth medium. In cells treated with granaticin, aminoacylation of leucine tRNA is specifically decreased, but the content of free leucine is not. It is concluded that granaticin interferes with the charging process of leucine tRNA in B. subtilis leading to leucine auxotrophy. PMID- 819000 TI - Stringent control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis treated with granaticin. AB - The antibiotic granaticin interferes in Bacillus subtilis with the charging process of tRNALeu causing both the arrest of protein synthesis and bacteriostasis [A. Ogilvie, K. Wiebauer & W. Kersten (1975) Biochem. J. 152, 511 515]. A concomitant inhibition of RNA synthesis is observed. This inhibition was studied with mutant strains of B. subtilis. 2. Granaticin inhibits protein and RNA synthesis in stringently controlled B. subtilis (rel+) to about the same extent. In a relaxed mutant strain (rel-) of B. subtilis, protein synthesis is also inhibited, but the accumulation of RNA continues after the addition of the drug. 3. Chloramphenicol, which is known to abolish the stringent control mechanism, added simultaneously with granaticin, allows the synthesis of RNA to proceed in the stringent strain. 4. Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) accumulate in granaticin-treated stringently controlled B. subtilis but not in the rel- mutant. 5. It is concluded that the inhibition of RNA synthesis granaticin can adequately be explained as a stringent response caused by the interference by the drug with leucyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 819001 TI - Studies of the cell surface of Paramecium. Ciliary membrane proteins and immobilization antigens. AB - We have developed a procedure to isolate the ciliary membranes of Paramecium and have analysed the membrane proteins by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing either Triton X-100 or sodium dodecyl sulphate. The electrophoretic pattern on gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate showed 12-15 minor bands of mol.wt. 25 000-150 000 and on major band of mol.wt. 200 000-300 000 that contained approximately three-quarters of the total membrane protein. 2. We present evidence that the major membrane protein is related to, but not identical with, the immobilization antigen (i-antigen), which is a large (250 000 mol.w.), soluble, surface protein of Paramecium. The similarity of the i-antigen and the major membrane protein was shown by immunodiffusion and by the electrophoretic mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulphate of these two proteins from Paramecium of serotypes A and B. The non-identity of these two proteins was shown by their different electrophoretic mobilities on Triton X-100 containing gels and their different solubilities. 3. We propose that the major membrane protein and the i antigen have a precursor-product relationship. PMID- 819002 TI - The metabolism of lipids in mouse pancreatic islets. The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. AB - The rate of incorporation of [U-14C]glucose and [u-14C]palmitate into the lipids of the pancreatic islets of obese-hyperglycaemic mice was examined. The following main observations were made. 1. Both glucose and palmitate were incorporated into lipids in the islets. The fraction of glucose utilized for lipid biosynthesis was calculated to be 3-6% of that oxidized at high and low glucose concentrations, whereas palmitate was about equally divided between oxidation and esterification into lipids. 2. Glucose was primarily incorporated from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Of the total glucose carbon incorporated, only 2-4% was recovered as fatty acids. 3. A major portion of both glucose and palmitate was incorporated into phospholipids, whereas 10-30% went into triacylglycerols, depending on the extracellular glucose concentrations. 4. An increase in the glucose concentration from 3.5 to 17 mM caused a twofold increase in the rate of glucose incorporation into triacylglycerols and a fivefold increase in the rate of incorporation into phospholipids. Similar effects were also obtained with normal mouse islets. Palmitate was also preferentially directed into phospholipids by an increased glucose concentration. 5. Islets pre-labelled with radioactive palmitate showed a decrease in triacylglycerol radioactivity when they were subsequently incubated in the absence of exogenous sources of energy. 6. Mannoheptulose inhibited the rate of glucose incorporation into phospholipids, whereas omission of Ca2+ and adrenaline left phospholipid biosynthesis unimpaired. The results suggest that pancreatic B-cells have the capacity to store and utilize energy in the form of triacylglycerols. A stimulation of the B-cells by glucose is followed by an increased rate of phospholipid biosynthesis. However, this does not seem to be directly linked to the release of secretory granules. PMID- 819003 TI - Dimethylnitrosamine demethylation by reconstituted liver microsomal cytochrome P 450 enzyme system. AB - Oxidative demethylation of dimethylnitosamine was studied with both reconstituted and unresolved liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems from rats and hamsters. Proteinase treatment of liver microsomal preparations yielded cytochrome P-450 particulate fractions. Both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH- cytochrome c reductase fractions were required for optimum demethylation activity. Particulate cytochrome P-450 fractions were more effecient than either Triton X-100- or cholatesolubilized preparations of these particles in demethylation activity with rat and hamster liver preparations appear to be due to differences in specificity in their cytochrome P-450 fractions. PMID- 819005 TI - The nucleotide sequence of cysteine transfer ribonucleic acid from baker's yeast. Products of complete digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease T1. AB - 1. The nucleotide chain of tRNA Cys from baker's yeast was readily split at the anticolon into two large fragments by brief treatment with ribonuclease T1.2. The whole molecule and the two derived large fragments were completely digested with (a) pancreatic ribonuclease and (b) ribonuclease T1. The fragments present in each of the digests were separated and sequenced by conventional methods. 3. The groups of fragments derived from the two methods of digestion were entirely compatible with each other. 4. The molecule is 75 nucleotides long, but, as isolated, lacks the terminal adenosine and the neighboring cytidylic acid residue. The minor nucleotides 1-methyladenylic acid, 7-methylguanylic acid, 5 methylcytidylic acid and N6 (gamma gamma-dimethylallyl)adenylic acid (isopentenyladenylic acid) were identified. PMID- 819004 TI - Influence of complexing agents on stability and activity. AB - Metal ion-complexing agents, like KCN, EDTA etc., inactivate alkaline phosphatase of pig kidney. This inactivation is reversible at low concentrations of the complexing agents and irreversible at high concentrations. The reversible inhibition is probably due to removal of Zn2+ ions from the active site, where they are necessary for catalytic action, whereas the irreversible inhibition results from the removal of Zn2+ ions necessary for preservation of the structure. The inactivation is pseudo-first order. It depends on the concentration, size and charge of the complexing agents. Beta-Glycerophosphate and Mg2+ ions protect the enzyme from inactivation by complexing agents. Quantitative examination of the effect of substrate leads to a model that is similar to the "sequential model" proposed by D.E. Koshland, G. Nemethy & D. Filmer (1966) (Biochemistry 5, 365-385) to explain allosteric behavior of enzymes. It describes the sequential addition of two substrate molecules at two active centres of the dimer enzyme. The binding of the substrate molecules is accompanied by changes in the conformation, which lead to stabilization of the enzyme against attack by complexing agents. PMID- 819006 TI - The nucleotide sequence of cysteine transfer ribonucleic acid from baker's yeast. Identification of the products from partial degradation of the molecule and derivation of the complete sequence. AB - 1. A series of large oligonucleotide fragments derived from tRNA Cys, were separated chromatographically and the sequence of each was deduced by examination of the products of digestion with pancreatic and T1 ribonucleases. 2. The location of the specific cleavage points in the nucleotide chain was similar to that produced by brief treatment with pancreatic ribonuclease. 3. The fragments could be arranged into two alternative sequences. The correct sequence was deduced by the sequential removal and identification of the first nine nucleotides from the 3'-end of the terminal half of the molecules. PMID- 819007 TI - Studies on the mechanism of induction of haem oxygenase by cobalt and other metal ions. AB - Cobalt ions (Co2+) are potent inducers of haem oxygenase in liver and inhibit microsomal drug oxidation probably by depleting microsomal haem and cytochrome P 450. Complexing of Co2+ ions with cysteine or glutathione (GSH) blocked ability of the former to induce haem oxygenase. When hepatic GSH content was depleted by treatment of animals with diethyl maleate, the inducing effect of Co2+ on haem oxygenase was significantly augmented. Other metal ions such as Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ were also capable of inducing haem oxygenase and depleting microsomal haem and cytochrome P-450. None of these metal ions had a stimulatory effect on hepatic haem oxidation activity in vitro. It is suggested that the inducing action of Co2+ and other metal ions on microsomal haem oxygenase involves either the covalent binding of the metal ions to some cellular component concerned directly with regulating haem oxygenase or non specific complex-formation by the metal ions, which depletes some regulatory system in liver cells of an essential component involved in controlling synthesis or activity of the enzyme. PMID- 819010 TI - Evidence for specific transport of uridine diphosphate galactose across the Golgi membrane of rat mammary gland. AB - The inhibition of lactose synthesis by UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate and, less so, by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was markedly smaller in preparations of "intact" than of lysed vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus of lactating rat mammary gland. This constitutes evidence for a specific, probably facilitated, transport of UDP-galactose across the Golgi membrane. PMID- 819008 TI - Exchangeable and total calcium pools in mitochondria of rat epididymal fat-pads and isolated fat-cells. Role in the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. AB - 1. Isolated fat-cells and intact epididymal fat-pads were incubated in medium containing 45Ca2+ and the incorporation of 45Ca into mitochondrial and extramitochondrial fractions was studied. Redistribution of 45Ca between these fractions was essentially prevented by the addition of EGTA [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetate] and Ruthenium Red to the sucrose-based extraction medium. 2. Incorporation of 45Ca into mitochondrial fractions of both fat-cells and fat-pads was found to be complete within 2-5 min, suggesting that mitochondria contain a pool of calcium in rapid isotopic exchange with extracellular Ca2+. This pool was about 20 times larger in mitochondria within fat-cells than within fat-pads. In fat-cells, 45Ca incorporation into the mitochondrial fraction accounted for about 34% of the total 45Ca incorporation into cells after 20 min and about 50% of the total mitochondrial calcium content measured by atomic absorption; values in fat-pads were about 7 and 20% respectively. PMID- 819009 TI - The effect of polyamines on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid by Drosophila melanogaster larvae. AB - 1. To elucidate further the possible role of polyamines in the synthesis of nuclei acids, a study of the effect of exogenously administered amines on the synthesis of RNA by Drosophila melanogaster larvae was undertaken. This system was chosen because of the previous investigations [Dion, A.S. & Herbst, E.J. (1967) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58, 2367-2371; Herbst, E.J. & Dion, A.S. (1970) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 29, 1563-1567] relating putrescine and spermidine to growth and development of Drosophila. PMID- 819012 TI - A method for the preparation and separation of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenethyleneglycol conjugates. PMID- 819011 TI - Decarboxylases for polyamine biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lase, EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lase, EC 4.1.1.50) were assayed in Drosophilia melanogaster larvae. The highest enzyme activities were detected in 24 and 48 h larvae, with diminishing activities in subsequent larval stages. Stimulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase by putrescine was demonstrable in late but not in early stages of larval development. PMID- 819014 TI - Immobilization of hydrogenase on glass beads. PMID- 819013 TI - Cooperativity in concanavalin A-binding to thymocyte membranes: correlation with polymerization of a receptor glycoprotein. PMID- 819015 TI - Insulin regulation of glycogen synthase in the isolated rat hepatocyte. PMID- 819016 TI - Hyperproductivity of extracellular alpha-amylase by a tunicamycin resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 819017 TI - Metabolism of thyrotropin releasing factor in two clonal cell lines of nervous system origin. PMID- 819018 TI - Characterization of the Ca2+-regulatory complex of chick embryonic muscles: polymorphism of tropomyosin in adult and embryonic fibers. PMID- 819019 TI - Effects of N-diazoacetyl-glycine amide on the pool of 5-phosphoribosyl 1 pyrophosphate in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. PMID- 819020 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes infection]. AB - The authors report two newborn infants, one with sepsis and the other one with meningitis, discussing clinical and epidemiological aspects of this infection. PMID- 819022 TI - Diazepam in the prophylaxis of lignocaine seizures. AB - Diazepam 0.05-0.25 mg/kg increased the dose of lignocaine required to cause seizures in Rhesus monkeys by 24-34%. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained adequately during lignocaine administration following diazepam treatment and no adverse cardiovascular effects occurred. Before the onset of lignocaine-induced seizures in non-treated animals, the animals appeared to be drowsy. However, prior to administration of diazepam masked this effect. Convulsions were controlled by smaller doses of diazepam in non-treated animals than in diazepam treated animals. Also, the animals that were pretreated with diazepam had a greater duration of depression after seizure. PMID- 819021 TI - Effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on left ventricular function and ST segment changes in acute myocardial infarction. AB - It has been shown previously that 30-minute infusions of intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction are able to lower left ventricular filling pressure and improve left ventricular function while lowering mean arterial pressure by only 7 mmHg (0.9 kPa). A decrease in sigmaST in praecordial ST segment mapping studies during nitroglycerin infusion in patients with anterior infarction suggested a decrease in the extent of myocardial ischaemia. In the present study, 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction received 1- to 3-hour infusions of intravenous nitroglycerin at infusion rates sufficient to lower mean arterial pressure by an average of 22 mmHg (2.9 kPa). An improvement in ventricular function was noted in that subgroup of patients with the msot severe left ventricular dysfunction. All patients with anterior myocardial infarction underwent serial ST segment mapping and, irrespective of the presence or absence of left ventricular failure, showed a decrease in sigmaST during nitroglycerin infusion (P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that infusion of nitroglycerin improves left ventricular function and/or alters left ventricular compliance in patients with left ventricular failure complicating myocardial infarction and furthermore decreases sigmaST in all patients, irrespective of the presence or absence of left ventricular failure, suggesting that the extent of myocardial ischaemia is decreased. PMID- 819023 TI - Proceedings: Taxonomy of aerobic cutaneous diphtheroids. PMID- 819024 TI - Biological variation in the heterogeneous distribution of haemoglobin F among erythrocytes. AB - The development of highly specific fluorescent labelled antibodies against haemoglobin F presented an opportunity to investigate variables which might influence distribution of this haemoglobin among individual erythrocytes. Earlier investigations revealed heterogeneous distribution within healthy individuals and in individuals with sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinopathies. The current study demonstrates quantitatively that there are normal biological determinants of variability in the frequency of F-containing erythrocytes in individuals who have a haemoglobin A electrophoretic phenotype. It also is shown that the frequency of F-containing erythrocytes during the early recovery phase of sickle cell crisis is significantly higher than when there is no recent history of crisis. The mean quantity of ahemoglobin F per F-containing erythrocyte appears to be lower after a crisis than in individuals without recent history of crisis. This suggests that following a crisis there may either be biochemical constraints on haemoglobin F synthesis per erythrocyte precursor cell or else there is limited opportunity for selective removal of low F-containing erythrocytes from the circulation. PMID- 819025 TI - Lymphoid cell dependent (K-cell) lysis of human erythrocytes sensitized with Rhesus alloantibodies. AB - An in vitro homologous system using human Rhesus alloantibodies and target erythrocytes labelled with 51Cr has been used to demonstrate the ability of normal peripheral blood lymphoid cells to lyse antibody-coated human red cells. The results obtained suggest that this type of mechanism may be relevant to certain haemolytic diseases in man. PMID- 819027 TI - Interactions between arginine-rich histones and deoxyribonucleic acids. II. Circular dichroism. AB - Circular dichroism (CD) was used to investigate the conformations of arginine rich histones, H3 (III or f3) and H4 (IV or f2a1), and DNA in the complexes prepared by four different methods: (A) NaCl gradient dialysis with urea; (B) NaCl gradient dialysis without urea; (C) direct mixing in 2.5 x 10(-4) M EDTA, pH 8.0; and (D) direct mixing in 0.01 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0. Using the CD spectrum of native chromatin as a criterion to judge the closeness of a complex to its native state, it was observed that a complex made by direct mixing at low ionic strength (methods C and D) is better than the ones made by NaCl gradient dialysis with or without urea (methods A and B). It is explained as a result of lack of ordered secondary structures in histones due to the presence of urea in method A or due to nonspecific aggregation in NaCl without urea (method B). Compared with all the earlier reports in literature on the CD of histone-DNA complexes, the CD spectra of arginine-rich histone-DNA complexes prepared by methods C and D are closest to that of native chromatin both in shape and in amplitude. These results imply (a) that arginine-rich histones play an important role in maintaining the conformation of chromatin and (b) that the binding of these two histones to DNA prepared by methods C and D are close to that in native chromatin. Noticeable variation in conformation of free and bound histone and histone-bound DNA has also been observed in histone H3 with one or two cysteine residues, and in reduced or oxidized state even when the complexes were prepared and examined in the same condition. CD spectra of arginine-rich histones in 0.01 M phosphates, pH 7.0, indicate the presence of alpha-helix which could be responsible for a favorable binding of the less basic regions of these histones to DNA under this condition as demonstrated by thermal denaturation (Yu, S. .S, Li H. J., and Shih, T. Y. (1976), Bio-chemistry, the preceding paper in this issue). To preserve or generate alpha-helical structures in histones seems to be a critical step in reconstituting good histone-DNA complexes. PMID- 819026 TI - Basal serum prolactin values and responses to the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in women with amenorrhoea. AB - Basal prolactin concentrations were measured in 77 patients presenting with amenorrhoea; 17 per cent were found to have hyperprolactinaemia. The release of prolactin in response to a standard dose of thyrotrophin releasing hormone for amenorrhoeic subjects with normal basal levels of prolactin was within the normal range. However, patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea and no evidence of pituitary tumour were found to have a blunted response. PMID- 819028 TI - Evidence for a single class of thrombin-binding sites of human platelets. AB - We previously demonstrated that human platelets bind a small number of thrombin molecules with high affinity and a larger number with relatively lower affinity (Tollefsen, D. M., Feagler, J. R., and Majerus, P. W. (1974), J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2646). In the present report, equilibrium binding studies using [125I]DIP thrombin (diisopropylphosphoryl-thrombin) over the range of 0.0002-10 U/ml yield a Hill coefficient of 0.775. Measurements of the rate of dissociation of [125I]DIP-thrombin bound to platelets at relatively high affinity (0.04 U/ml added) indicate a much faster dissociation in the presence of 14 U/ml unlabeled DIP-thrombin (T 1/2 = 1.0 min) than in its absence (T 1/2 - 140 min). [125I]DIP thrombin bound at low affinity (1.0U/ml added) dissociates from platelets with a T 1/2 = 1.7 min in the absence of unlabeled DIP-thrombin. These results suggest a negative cooperative interaction among receptor sites for thrombin; i.e., as thrombin binds to unoccupied sites, high-affinity receptors are apparently converted to low-affinity receptors. In an attempt to detect whether there is heterogeneity of thrombin receptors, [125I]DIP-thrombin was covalently cross linked to intact platelets using 1 mM glutaraldehyde. A single complex (apparent molecular weight, 200 000) containing [125I]DIP-thrombin was formed throughout a range of thrombin concentrations in which both high- and low-affinity binding was observed. Since incorporation of [125I]DIP-thrombin into this complex did not occur in the absence of platelets and was inhibited by unlabeled thrombin, the complex may represent thrombin cross-linked to its receptor. We conclude that a single class of receptor sites can account for both high- and low-affinity binding of thrombin to platelets, although interaction between nonidentical sites cannot be excluded. PMID- 819029 TI - Resonance Raman studies in some carboni anhydrase-aromatic sulfonamide complexes. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of 4-sulfonamido -4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4 sulfonamido-4'-hydroxyazobenzene, and 4-sulfonamideo-4' aminoazobenzene bound to various isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase were obtained by exciting into the sulfonamide absorption bands in the 400-500-nm region. In this way it was possible to obtain vibrational spectra of the sulfonamides in the active site unmasked by contributions from the vibrational modes of the protein and H2O solvent. Direct evidence was obtained for the presence of -SO2NH- in the complex, and it was possible to eliminate hydrophobic bonding and twisting in the Ph--N==N -Ph bonds as sources of the observed spectral changes. No detectable differences were found in the spectra of 4-sulfonamido-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene bound to human carbonic anhydrase B and C or between these and the spectra of the sulfonamide bound to bovine carbonic anhydrase or Co(II) human carbonic anhydrase B. A new band appears in the spectra of the bound sulfonamides, and this is interpreted in terms of a change in geometry about the sulfonamido sulfur atom. A possible explanation for this change in geometry is that the bound sulfonamide group closely mimics the transition state of the reactants in the reversible hydration of CO2. Sulfonamide binding at pH 12.0 was not detected in the resonance Raman spectrum. Sulfonamide replacement of CN- in the binding site occurred over a period of minutes and could be monitored in the resonance Raman spectra. PMID- 819030 TI - Structure-function relationships of scorpion neurotoxins. AB - Chemical modification of some trifunctional amino acid residues in toxins I, II, and III of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector have been performed. The results indicate: (1) Reduction and methylation of one disulfide bridge destroy toxic activity of toxin II. (2) The only tryptophan residue of toxin II (position 38) is not included in the active site of the molecule. (3) Modification of five carboxylates out of the seven contained in toxin II suppresses the toxic activity. (4) Acetylation of the lysine and tyrosine residues in toxin II leads to the loss of both toxic and antigenic activity. Treatment of the acetylated toxin by hydroxylamine restores partially the antigenic activity. In the case of toxin I, total acetylation abolishes only the toxic activity. It is concluded that at least one tyrosine residue must be involved in an antigenic site of toxin II. (5) Citraconylation of toxins II and III leads to complete loss of toxicity; decitraconylation restores full activity. (6) Guanidination of toxin II does not affect its toxicity significantly. (7) Alkylation of toxin II by iodoacetic acid affects both amino groups and histidine residues. The loss of toxicity is mainly due to the modification of the lysine residues. In the case of toxin I, the kinetics of toxicity loss closely parallel the covalent modification of one lysine residue. PMID- 819031 TI - Purification and characterization of two human pancreatic elastases. AB - Two proteases with elastolytic activity (elastases 1 and 2) have been isolated from activated extracts of human pancreatic tissue. The purification procedure for both elastases included ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by ion exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50. Elastase 1 was further purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The homogeneity of both enzymes was demonstrated by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis at pH 2.3, 4.5, and 8.3, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Both enzymes hydrolyzed undyed elastin as well as Remazol brilliant blue elastin and Congo red elastin. Activities and kinetic parameters using several synthetic substrates are also reported. The enzymes were further characterized in terms of molecular weight, amino acid composition, and N-terminal and penultimate amino acid residues. Their inhibition by the human serum protease inhibitors alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin was also studied. Elastase 1 appears to be very similar to human protease E (Mallory, P. A., and Travis, J. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 722). Elastase 2 is distinct from all human pancreatic proteases which have been characterized to date. PMID- 819032 TI - Control of teichoic and teichuronic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis 168trp. Evidence for repression of enzyme synthesis and inhibition of enzyme activity. AB - Phosphate starvation induced teichuronic acid synthesis in cells of Bacillus subtilis 168trp-which had previously been grown with excess phosphate. This induction was prevented when protein systhesis was inhibited immediately prior to phosphate starvation and under these conditions cells continued to form teichoic acid. The converse was true when phosphate was added to cells previously grown in a phosphate-limited chemostat. The increase in teichoic acid synthesis normally following phosphate addition was prevented by chloramphenicol or amino acid starvation and cells continued to make teichuronic acid. This suggestion that repression of enzyme synthesis is involved in controlling the type of wall polymer made was supported by the low levels of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase found in cells grown with excess phosphate and of CDP-glycerol pyrophosphorylase in phosphate-limited cells. The greater amounts of teichoic acid made under phosphate limitation and of teichuronic acid with excess phosphate when protein synthesis was also inhibited indicated that modulation of enzyme activity occurs. Glycerol starvation of a glycerol-requiring mutant did not derepress teichuronic acid synthesis, indicating that glycerol-containing imtermediates do not act as repressors. PMID- 819033 TI - ADP-activated calcium ion exchange in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - (1) Ca2+ efflux from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles pre loaded with 45Ca2+ was studied in the presence and in the absence of external Ca2+. (2) In the absence of Ca2+ in the assay media, ADP activates the Ca2+ efflux. The increment of Ca2+ efflux requires Pi, is coupled to ATP synthesis, and is inhibited by external Ca2+ (Ki 0.1-0.2 muM). (3) When Ca2+ is added to the assay media, ADP alone activates the Ca2+ efflux, but this is coupled to a Ca2+ influx of the same magnitude. It is therefore an exchange of internal for external Ca2+ in a 1:1 ratio. (4) The ADP-activated Ca2+ exchange requires external Ca2+ with an apparent Km of 0.1-0.2 muM, does not require the addition of Pi or Mg2+, although 3-10 mM MgCl2 activates it. It is not inhibited by the removal of contaminating ATP with hexokinase plus glucose. (5) It seems likely that Ca2+ can be translocated across sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane without the formation of a phosphorylated intermediate. PMID- 819034 TI - Studies of phosphate transport in Escherichia coli. I. Reexamination of the effect of osmotic and cold shock on phosphate uptake and some attempts to restore uptake with phosphate binding protein. AB - 1. The first stage of osmotic shock caused a slight reduction in the primary uptake of inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) in AB3311 cells of Escherichia coli which normally exhibit a biphasic type of phosphate uptake. The second stage of osmotic shock resulted in a marked reduction (a total of 80-85%) in the primary uptake phase and a lesser reduction (50%) in the secondary uptake. When osmotically shocked cells are allowed to recover in a phosphate-free, but otherwise complete medium sufficient repair occurs in the shocked cells to overcome growth lags and to restore the above losses in phosphate uptake almost to normal after 90-180 min of recovery. 2. Extensive investigation was made of the more mild cold shock procedure which involves the rapid disperion of Escherichia coli cells into 80 vol. of water at 2 degrees C. The most consistent cold shock effects, as evidenced by reductions in phosphate uptake, were obtained in cells after they were washed in appropriate buffered salts media, suspended in a minimal volume of water and shocked from 37 degrees C rather than 24 degrees C. Less severe shocks were obtained after washing in imidazole/salts/glucose or Tris/salts/glucose media than in NaCl/Tris. 3. A number of attempts were made to restore by the addition of phosphate binding protein the reduction in phosphate uptake of E. coli AB3311 cells caused by a variety of cold shocks. In no instance was good restoration of phosphate uptake achieved. Qualitatively, it appeared that a better restoration of uptake occurred in unstarved and starved cells washed in imidazole/salts/glucose where the cold shock effect was less severe. PMID- 819035 TI - Prostaglandin F2alpha receptors in bovine corpus luteum cell membranes. Effect of enzymes and protein reagents. AB - Various enzymes and protein reagents inhibited [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding to bovine corpus luteum cell membranes. Studies were undertaken (a) to explore further on the dose response relationships with the above agents, (b) to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of binding with respect to receptor affinities and number and (c) to assess whether decreased binding reflected changes in receptors and/or other membrane components. Preincubation of membranes with phospholipase A, trypsin, pronase, lipase, tetranitromethane, dinitrofluorobenzene, acetic anhydride and N-ethylmaleimide resulted in moderate to drastic inhibitions of [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding. The dose-dependent inhibition of binding by enzymes, but not by protein reagents (except for N ethylmaleimide), exhibited a biphasic pattern: at lower concentrations, the loss of binding was low and relatively plateaued, but at higher concentrations, the losses were dramatic. The drastic reduction in binding by trypsin was due to destruction rather than solubilization of receptors from membranes. Phospholipase A was intrinsically more effective than phospholipases C and Ca2+ was not required for its inhibition of [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding. Protein reagents inhibition of binding was differently influenced by added Ca2+ i.e., loss of binding increased with some (N-ethylmaleimide), decreased with others (tetranitromethane, dinitrofluorobenzene and azobenzene sulfenylbromide). These results are interpreted to indicate that Ca2+ induced conformational changes in membranes which may result in exposure of new groups and burying of already exposed modifiable groups. Treatment of membranes with trypsin and N ethylmaleimide selectively abolished high affinity prostaglandin F2alpha receptors. The low affinity receptors were present but their numbers as well as their affinity were decreased. Lipase, phospholipase A, acetic anhydride, dinitrofluorobenzene and tetranitromethane appear to decrease binding by totally abolishing all prostaglandin F2alpha receptors or by severely reducing their affinities. The occupancy of receptors by prostaglandin F2alpha afforded considerable protection against trypsin, phospholipase A, lipase and dinitrofluorobenzene. These data indicated that the inhibition of binding by the above agents, at least in part, can be attributable to changes in receptor sites alone. PMID- 819036 TI - Early formation of intracytoplasmic membranes in Rhodospillum rubrum. AB - Cytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic membranes were isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum by equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immediately after the induction of photosynthetically active intracytoplasmic membranes, bacteriochlorophyll is incorporated predominantly into the cytoplasmic membrane. With increasing pigment concentrations the newly arising intracytoplasmic membranes become sites of preferential bacteriochlorophyll incorporation. During this process the infrared absorption band of the pigment shows a red shift. The shift is more pronounced with intracytoplasmic than with cytoplasmic membranes. Pulse-chase of cytoplasmic membrane proteins reveals that such proteins become constituents of intracytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 819037 TI - Studies on Tetrahymena membranes. In vivo manipulating of membrane lipids by 1-O hexadecyl glycerol-feeding in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - 1. Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-I cells were grown in the medium supplemented with 1 O-hexadecyl glycerol which is the precursor for alkyl ether-containing phospholipids; choline phosphoglyceride and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid, and alterations in the plasma membrane and microsome lipid composition were examined. No incorporation of supplemented 1-O-hexadecyl glycerol was seen in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride. 2. The hexadecyl glycerol fed membranes contain more polyunsaturated fatty acids than do the native membranes. However, the level of oleic acid (C 18:1) drops strikingly in the phospholipids of plasma and microsome membranes. 3. The hexadecyl glycerol-feeding induced a remarkable alteration in the polar headgroup composition of plasma membrane, especially a large increase in 2-amino-ethylphosphonolipid with a compensatory decrease in ethanolamine phosphoglyceride of plasma membranes. 4. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids, especially ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, of the hexadecyl glycerol-fed plasma membranes and microsomes was found to be significantly different from that of the native membranes. 5. These results may indicate that marked alterations in polar headgroup as well as fatty acyl chain composition of membranes induced by glyceryl ether-feeding would be required for maintaining proper membrane fluidity. PMID- 819038 TI - The effect of external calcium and lanthanum on platelet calcium content and on the release reaction. AB - Calcium compartments in calf platelets were studied using a lanthanum washout procedure to distinguish between surface-bound calcium and intracellular calcium. The calcium content of calf platelets ranges from 20 to 60 nmol/109. platelets and is sensitive to the calcium concentration of the suspending medium. With 1 mM calcium in the medium, calcium uptake is rapid and reaches steady state within 1 2 min. Results obtained with the lanthanum procedure indicate that it is the surface compartment which is most affected by the extracellular calcium concentration. The surface compartment appears to be saturable and is highly exchangeable. Although the total calcium as well as the calcium content of the surface and internal compartments are variable, the ratio of calcium in either compartment to the total saturated calcium is quite constant. The data indicate that 68-85% of the platelet calcium is located internally. Thrombin produces an immediate release of platelet calcium and labeled serotonin and an increase in the 45Ca2+ uptake of both the surface and internal compartments. The release reaction is not dependent upon exogenous calcium or an influx of exogenous calclium since it occurs even in the presence of ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid. Lanthanum, however, inhibits the release reaction possibly by blocking surface calcium site and reducing the mobility of endogenous platelet calcium. PMID- 819039 TI - Human leukocyte glucose-phosphate-isomerase purification by affinity elution and immunological study. AB - The authors have purified glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) from human leukocytes ; they used as starting material leukemic leukocytes obtained from a patient with hyper-leukocytic acute myeloid leukemia ; it was possible to obtain several milligrams of pure enzyme from a single patient. The purification procedure includes a two step precipitation by ammonium sulfate and one column chromatography on a cation exchanger with specific elution by 6 phosphogluconate, a ligand of GPI ; of the two cation exchangers tested, phosphocellulose was found to lead to a better yield than CM-Sephadex. The end product of purification had a specific activity of 855 UI/mg and gave only one band in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anti GPI monospecific rabbit serum was obtained with purified enzyme. GPI from the various blood cells of ten normal controls was studied immunologically and the ratio of the enzymatic activity to the immunological reactivity was measured ; this ratio (i.e. the molecular specific activity) was lower in granulocytes than in lymphocytes and still more depressed in platelets and hemolysate. The significance of such differences is discussed. PMID- 819040 TI - Isolation and characteristics of mRNPs associated with bound polyribosomes from the ewe lactating mammary gland. AB - The dissociation of bound polyribosomes from ewe lactating mammary gland, by EDTA or Puromycin-KC1 treatment releases Messenger Ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNP'S) which sediment in sucrose gradients as a single component having a sedimentation coefficient of about 22S. RNAs derived from mRNPs sediment between 9S and 15S and direct the synthesis of milk proteins in reticulocyte cell free systems. The mRNP protein moiety contains two major polypeptides with molecular weights of 52,000 and 72,000 daltons and two minor polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 58,000 and 60,000 daltons. PMID- 819042 TI - [Purification and properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum NADP-reductase]. AB - Rhodospirillum rubrum cell extracts have active NADP-reductase capable of catalyzing the diaphorase reaction in the presence of methyl viologene or benzyl viologene and NADPH-generating system. The greater part of NADP-reductase is localized in the soluble fraction of destroyed cells (90-10(3) g; 90 min). The purified preparation of NADP-reductase was found to contain 6 proteins, 4-5 of them possessing diaphorase activity. Partially purified NADP-reductase preparation with a period of half-inactivation of about two days has a molecular weight of 95 000 and absorption spectrum, characterized by two maxima at 410 and 430 nm. NADP-reductase preparation possesses also menadione-reductase activity, but showed no ability for transhydrogenase reaction and reduction of cytochrome c. PMID- 819041 TI - [The heterogeneity of neurospecific S-100 protein]. AB - A modified method is described of the isolation of neuro-specific S-100 protein from bovine brain tissue by means of thermal denaturation, ammonium sulphate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. Considerable heterogeneity of S-100 protein is discovered: it produces 4 fractions (f1--f4) under fractionation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The constant elution from the column of the main fraction, eluted with 0.325--0.35 M NaCl, and minor S-100 protein fractions, eluted with more high NaCl concentrations, is registered. At the same time, considerable variation in the quantitative yield of the main component of S-100 protein and in the relative content of main and minor components of S-100 protein is developed. Fast- (in f1 and f4 fractions) and slow-migrating (in f2 and f3 fractions) components are revealed under polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The f1 fraction is found to consist mainly of the component with molecular weight of 20 000 while fz, f3 and f4 fractions contain two components having molecular weight of 32 000 and 71 000. Antiserum to S-100 protein produced a positive immunodiffusion reaction with f1 and f2, and not with f3 and f4 fractions. PMID- 819043 TI - [Reconstruction of the function of membrane potential formation by isolated pigment-protein complexes of Rhodospirillum rubrum]. AB - The pigment-protein complexes, containing the photosynthetic reaction centers and chlorophyll antenna, were isolated from non-sulfur purple bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum, by use of cholate. Absorption spectra and quantum yield of photo oxidation of bacteriochlorophyll P870 of complexes were similar to those of chromatophores. The procedure of reconstitution of proteoliposomes from phospholipids and complexes was proposed. The proteoliposomes incubated with CoQ6 and TMPD upon illumination are generating the transmembrane electric potential difference (plus inside proteoliposomes). The electric potential difference was registered by three independent methods: by transmembrane electrophoresis of penetrating anions PCB-, by direct measurement with using voltmeter in system "proteoliposome--planar membrane" and electrochromic absorption band shifts of bacteriochlorophyll. PMID- 819044 TI - Cholestasis associated with administration of L-amino acids and dextrose solutions. AB - Infants of very low birth weight who require prolonged assisted ventilation are unable to tolerate oral feedings. To provide and maintain nutrition in these infants, a modified form of parenteral nutrition (dextrose 10% and crystalline L amino acids, 1.7-3.4 g%) is used in our nursery. Intrahepatic cholestasis was diagnosed at autopsy in four infants who received modified peripheral alimentation and in a fifth infant who received total parenteral alimentation (dextrose 20%, L-amino acids 3.8 g%) via a central venous catheter. These infants weighed less than 1,250 g at birth (range 943-1,247 g) and were appropriate for gestational age. They required assisted ventilation for over 2 weeks. Three infants did not receive any oral feedings. L-Amino acids were given for a mean of 36.8 +/- 10 days (range, 22-76 days). The diagnosis of cholestasis was suspected clinically in only one infant, in whom persistent elevation of direct bilirubin was detected at 4 weeks of age. Pathologic findings in four infants included the presence of bile casts in bile canaliculi and, in one case, in ductules and canaliculi. Liver architecture was well preserved. Inflammatory infiltrate in the portal tract was either absent or minimal, consisting of lymphocytes, and only in one of five cases a few eosinophils. Cholestasis may be regarded as a possible complication of parenteral alimentation even if the fluids are modified and given peripherally. High direct bilirubinemia may be the earliest clinical manifestation. PMID- 819045 TI - Comparison of oviductal transport of fertilized and unfertilized ova after HCG or coitus-induced ovulation in rabbits. PMID- 819046 TI - Induction of ovulation in premenarchial rhesus monkeys with human gonadotropins. PMID- 819047 TI - The effects of selective withdrawal of FSH or LH on spermatogenesis in the immature rat. PMID- 819049 TI - Declining plasma progesterone concentration with advancing gestation in blood from umbilical and uterine veins and fetal heart in monkeys. PMID- 819048 TI - Cyclic and diurnal patterns of serum prolactin in the Rhesus monkey. PMID- 819050 TI - Serum progesterone in the pregnant baboon (Papio papio). PMID- 819051 TI - The fine structure of corpus luteum from intact, hypophysectomized and fetectomized pregnant monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at term. PMID- 819052 TI - Marasmic kwashiorkor anemia. III. Hemoglobin oxygen affinity. AB - Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been studied in marasmic kwashiorkor before re feeding, after re-feeding, and in control children. P 50 and 2,3-DPG level are normal on admission, but high after re-feeding. Patients studied on admission were separated into 2 groups according to whether they presented active erythropoiesis (group I) or erythroblastopenia (group II). In group I, the sum 2,3-DPG + ATP correlates with the hemoglobin level. In group II, the sum 2,3-DPG + ATP correlates with the blood pH but not with the hemolobin level. It is suggested that marasmic kwashirokor anemia is an adaptation to a reduced metabolic activity. The hematological picture could proceed in 2 stages in this disease. In a first stage, the erythropoiesis is normal or increased because of the existence of a decreased red cell life span; a low hemoglobin level is observed, but there is no apparent hypoxia. At a more advanced stage of the disease, the tissue metabolism falls dramatically, the erythropoiesis is no loner stimulated, and the erythrocyte volume decreases notably. PMID- 819053 TI - Contractile events in the cilia of Paramecium, Opalina, Mytilus, and Phragmatopoma. AB - The motion of the abnormal cilia of Opalina and Mytilus can be described by the recently developed model for ciliary motion, provided the activation of the contractility during the effective stroke is reduced by three- to fivefold compared with that in the recovery stroke. The stiffness of the Mytilus cilium during the effective stroke is found several hundred times larger than that predicted by the model, however. The stiffness of the cilia of Paramecium, Opalina, Phragmatopoma, and of Mytilus in the recovery phase, is predicted approximately correctly by the model. The activation of contractility in Mytilus and Phragmatopoma cilia increases with the viscosity of the medium, as the velocity of the ciliary motion slows down. This leads to the equivalent of a force-velocity relation. The velocity of propagation of the bend in the cilia during the recovery stroke is shown to be dependent only on the elastic properties of the ciliary shaft, and to be independent of the contractile activiey. PMID- 819054 TI - Malformation syndromes. A selected miscellany. PMID- 819055 TI - A low birthweight syndrome, ? Rieger syndrome. PMID- 819056 TI - Oculocerebral syndrome with hypopigmentation. PMID- 819057 TI - Oculootonasal malformations associated with osteoonychodysplasia. PMID- 819058 TI - [Cytological study of early embryonic mortality in laboratory mice]. AB - Early embryogenesis of laboratory mice was studied cytologically. Preimplantation embryonic mortality in mice of the strains DBA/21Y, C57BL/61Y, 101/HY and in the CBWA females crossed with the B6 males did not exceed 4--6%. Mice of the strain AKRIY served as an exception with 29.6% preimplantation embryonic mortality level. Investigation of the chemically-induced dominant lethals showed that coarse structural chromosomal damages arrested the cleavage and caused the death of the embryos before the implantation. PMID- 819059 TI - [DNA content in atypical gliomesenchymal elements in chemical blastomogenesis of the cerebellum in white rats]. AB - A microphotometric comparative study was carried out; DNA content was determined in the atypical glio-mesenchymal elements around the villous capsule surrounding the DMBA pill, in the cells of microastrocytoma and microglioblastoma induced by DMBA. It was found that the late stages of this type of chemical blastomogenesis of the cerebellum of albino rats were characterized by the preservation of a distinct diploid modal class, excluding cases when the process coursed in the direction of malignization at the early stages of tumour progress (microglioblastoma). PMID- 819060 TI - [Effect of dihydroergotoxin on myocardial capacitance vessels]. AB - Experiments were performed on the isolated cat hearts, coronary vessels being perfused with donor cat blood. Dihydroergotoxin injected into the coronary vessels (0.5 mg) decreased their vascular capacity. This resulted from active constriction of the coronary vessels, since it was seen in experiments with the heart arrested with strophathin as well. Active constriction of the coronary veins under the action of dihydroergotoxin was not related to its specific properties as an alpha-blocking drug, and resulted from a direct action of the drug on the smooth muscle of the coronary veins. PMID- 819061 TI - [A study of the agent of scrapie adapted to hamsters]. AB - The scraepie agent (compton strain) proved to be transmitted frrom mice to hamsters; incubation period of the disease was 5 to 6 months. The scraepie agent was passaged ten times with brain tissue suspension. The scraepie agent was revealed in the spinal cord and spleen, but none was found in the liver, kidneys, suprarenal glands and the lungs of infected animals during the last stage of the disease. PMID- 819062 TI - [The type specific antigen of Gross leukemia virus in tumors and normal tissues and its identification by immunodiffusion methods]. AB - A monospecific antiserum for type-specific antigen of Gross virus (AGLV) was obtained. Tumours of different origin were studied with this monospecific antiserum in the gel-diffusion test. AGLV was revealed in spontaneous kidney tumour of CC57BR mice, and in chemically (carcinogen)- induced tumours of mice. These findings suggest activation of MuLV viral genom in low-leukemic strains of mice. PMID- 819064 TI - [Growth of Papio cynocephalus Kindae from juvenile stage I to the adult stage]. AB - 23 Papio Cynocephalus have been divided into 3 age groups. For each individual 29 mesures of the body, of the head and the skull have been registered and the evolution studied. This permitted the study of the growth of Papio Cynocephalus from adolescence to adulthood. PMID- 819063 TI - Enrichment of erythrocytes of fetal origin from adult-fetal blood mixtures via selective hemolysis of adult blood cells: an aid to antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. AB - Red cell lysis in isotonic solutions containing NH4Cl, NH4HCO3, and a carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor (acetazolamide) is a function of erythrocyte enzyme activity and permeability of cells to the inhibitor. Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity is at least fivefold greater and acetazolamide permeability about tenfold less for adults than for newborns. In this setting, greater than 99.9% of red cells from adults can be hemolyzed at a time when greater than 25% of those from newborns remain intact. This easily applied method may be useful when antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies is otherwise precluded by contaimination with maternal erythrocytes. The feasibility of differential hemolysis via NH4Cl--HCO3-mediated, acetazolamide-modulated reactions is shown by the successful isolation of the few fetal-origin erythrocytes present in grossly nonbloody amniotic fluids and, in one instance, by approximately 3300-fold enrichment of apparently authentic fetal-origin red cells from the arm blood of a woman in her 18th wk of pregnancy. PMID- 819065 TI - [Ganglionic cytoarchitecture of the esophagus in the cat and the rhesus monkey]. AB - The comparative study of neuron distribution in the myenteric and submucous plexuses has granted an appraisal of the various neuron types in the oesophagus ganglia of cat and rhesus monkey. Neurons are classified in Dogiel types I and II, plus an intermediate one, the so-called "type III". From the functional point of view, the hypothesis is established that these types are, respectively: efferent, afferent and associative. A confirmation of this hypothesis requires the endorsement of the results of degeneration experiments and their integration with the roles of the rest of the structures which participate in the oesophagus innervation as a whole. PMID- 819066 TI - PCB metabolism in rats following prolonged exposure to Aroclor 1242 and aroclor 1016. AB - Several mono- and dihydroxy metabolites of di-, tri, and tetrachlorobiphenyl have been identified in the urine of rats fed prolonged diets of Aroclor 1016 or Aroclor 1242. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for characterization of the metabolic products. PMID- 819067 TI - The effects of various aroclor fractions on the population growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. PMID- 819068 TI - Accumulation of methoxychlor by microorganisms isolated from aqueous systems. PMID- 819070 TI - The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some chlorinated biphenyls. AB - The UV spectra of 29 chlorobiphenyls have been examined. With increasing chloro substitution in which there are less than two chlorine groups ortho to the Ph-Ph bond the lambdamax values for the K band (attributed to the conjugation between the two phenyl rings) are shifted to longer wavelengths and for the more highly substituted chlorobiphenyls there is also a bathochromic shift of the main band (due to the benzenoid skeleton). Introduction of two or more chlorine atoms ortho to the Ph-Ph bond results in a hipsochromic shift of K band and diminished xi value due to steric inhibition of resonance between the two phenyl rings. The sterically hindered chlorobiphenyls and the more highly chlorinated Aroclors also exhibit a series of low-intensity fine-structured absorption maxima between 268 302 nm. The UV spectra of chlor-biphenyls are particularly diagnostic with respect to the degree of substitution at the 2, 2', 6 and 6' positions and can be used in the structural analysis of separated chlorobiphenyls. The data may also aid in correlating the photochemical reactivities. PMID- 819069 TI - Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine organisms in relation to size and ecological parameters. I. PCB, DDT, DDE, and DDD in fishes and mollusks from the English Channel. PMID- 819071 TI - Determination of chlorinated dibenzofurans in kanechlors and "yusho oil". PMID- 819072 TI - Proplast, a porous implant for contour restoration. PMID- 819073 TI - Hypothermic action of chlorpromazine in monkeys. AB - 1 In the conscious monkey (Macaca cyclopis) intravenous administration of chlorpromazine 0.1-8.0 mg/kg produced a fall of rectal temperature of 0.3 to 3.5 degrees C after a latency of 3.5 to 10.8 minutes. The course of hypothermia lasted from 125 to 600 min or more. 2 Direct injection of chlorpromazine 100-800 mug into the lateral or fourth cerebral ventricle produced a similar fall of 0.3 to 2.0 degrees C but with shorter latency (2 to 3.5 min) and with a duration of 94 to 375 minutes. 3 Two distinct structures in the brain stem, namely, the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) and medulla oblongata, responded to direct injection of chlorpromazine 200 mug. The sensitivity was slightly higher in the POAH than in the medulla. Structures in between were not sensitive. 4 The results suggest that chlorpromazine works principally through the central nervous system, i.e. the POAH and medulla oblongata, to mediate its hypothermic effect. PMID- 819075 TI - Radiological and histological findings in six patients with alpha-chain disease. AB - Detailed radiological and histological features of alpha-chain disease are presented against a background of the clinical and biochemical findings. The separation of this syndrome from other varieties of "Mediterranean" lymphoma is emphasized. The radiologist should in some instances be able to suggest the diagnosis in his differential diagnosis of abnormalities seen on examination of the small bowel. The histopathologist should be able to provide a diagnosis from examination of a peroral jejunal biopsy. One patient with this relatively uncommon disease had evidence of a hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Two of the six patients had a transient episode of acute abdominal distension which resolved on conservative management. PMID- 819074 TI - The use of selected questions from the Symptom-Sign Inventory with long-stay psychiatric patients. AB - The Symptom-Sign Inventory was administered to 57 long-stay psychiatric in patients with the object of selecting a group of questions which would stimulate the production of delusional or other psychotic material. The scoring of the responses as positive was made on verbal affirmative and other specific behaviours which were thought to indicate emotional impact. It was found that the ten questions selected compared favourably with longer questionnaires in discriminating schizophrenic from normal subjects and from those with organic brain disease. It is suggested that these questions might be included in brief assessment interviews on which day-to-day management decisions are made. PMID- 819076 TI - Radiology now. Fast neutrons-clinical requirements. PMID- 819077 TI - Stability of a linear accelerator with "achromatic" electron beam bending. AB - Third-generation accelerators with 270 deg. "achromatic" electron-beam bending should combine construction with improved stability. Two-year performance records are presented to show that flatness has remained within +/-1 per cent with the first production model of the Radiation Dynamics "Dynaray-4" accelerator installed in Cardiff. PMID- 819078 TI - Proceedings: Protein analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of myeloma and macroglobulinaemia. PMID- 819079 TI - Letter: An investigation of the pharmacological and radiosensitizing effects of the 2-nitroimidazole Ro-07-0582 in primates. PMID- 819080 TI - Letter: Mathematical representation of megavoltage teletherapy beams. PMID- 819081 TI - Rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of neurological disease in childhood. AB - A surgical technique for taking a full thickness rectal biopsy for neurological diagnosis is described. The indications for, and results of 93 biopsies are reviewed. A definite neurological diagnosis was made in 38 (41 per cent). The usefulness of rectal biopsy is now largely confined to Batten's disease, which was found in 32 (34 per cent of the total). Alternatives and objections to rectal biopsy for neurological diagnosis are discussed. It is concluded that rectal biopsy is a safe and reliable procedure. PMID- 819082 TI - Gastric lesions in generalized neurofibromatosis. AB - A patient with dyspepsia and multiple gastric polyps associated with generalized neurofibromatosis is described, and the English literature on generalized neurofibromatosis with gastric involvement is reviewed. Nine patients with gastric neurofibromas have been reported and 2 with one and two gastric polyps respectively, but none with multiple gastric polyps. The commonest presentation has been dyspepsia suggestive of a peptic ulcer. PMID- 819083 TI - A rational approach to parenteral nutrition. PMID- 819085 TI - Letter from...Chicago. Election year. PMID- 819086 TI - Letter: Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital pharmacies. PMID- 819084 TI - Letter: A rational approach to parenteral nutrition. PMID- 819087 TI - Development of RhD antibodies after kidney transplantation. PMID- 819088 TI - The goat mammary gland as a model infection site for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Live and formalin-killed gonococci were instilled into the mammary glands of lactating and nonlactating goats. In lactating goats viable gonococci elicited a limited inflammatory process whereas in non-lactating goats, severe inflammation and swelling appeared and peaked on the 3rd day after instillation and persisted for about 10 days. No viable gonococci were recovered after the first day, but fluorescent antibody staining showed gonococci in the exudate from non-lactating goats up to 7 days after instillation. PMID- 819089 TI - Rapid carbohydrate utilization test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A rapid carbohydrate utilization test for the identification of N. gonorrhoeae was investigated, with reference to its use in a routine diagnostic laboratory. The rapid test was shown to give accurate results in agreement with those of a conventional serum-free sugar medium. Because of the shorter time taken for the confirmation of an isolate, and several other advantages, it is proposed that the rapid test is an extremely useful alternative to conventional sugar tests. Immunofluorescence was also used to identify isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and the rapid carbohydrate utilization test was found to assist in differentiating between N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis when equivocal or negative immunofluorescence results were obtained. PMID- 819090 TI - Influence of copper salts on gonococci. AB - No difference in the incidence of gonorrhoea was observed at a venereal disease clinic between women using a copper-coil intrauterine device (IUD) and women using oral contraceptives. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that copper sulphate has a deleterious effect on Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but the presence of serum protects the gonococci from the toxic effect of copper ions. PMID- 819092 TI - Meningococcal salpingitis. AB - In a case of acute salpingitis a cervical smear showed Gram-negative diplococci but culture showed Neisseria meningitidis, which also cultured from the throat swab. It is suggested that N. meningitidis was the cause of the salpingitis in this case. PMID- 819091 TI - Gonococcal salpingitis in gynaecology--myth or missed? AB - A series of 25 cases of gonococcal salpingitis were seen in a teaching hospital between October, 1972, and March, 1975. These cases formed 29 per cent of all cases of salpingitis excluding post-abortal cases. The majority were investigated at the bedside by taking films and cultures from the cervix and urethra. The films were stained by Gram's method and specimens for culture were streaked on to prewarmed Gonococcal Selective Medium (Oxoid) and the plates were incubated at once in a CO2-enriched atmosphere at 37 degrees C. A group of cases was identified with minimal symptoms and minimal, or absent, signs; in such cases the diagnosis may be unsuspected. Reasons are advanced for the failure of other gynaecological units to recognize gonococcal salpingitis. PMID- 819093 TI - Alternating afferent zones of high and low axon terminal density within the macaque motor cortex. PMID- 819094 TI - The relay of ipsilateral and contralateral retinal input from the lateral geniculate nucleus to striate cortex in the owl monkey: a transneuronal transport study. PMID- 819095 TI - The cortical projections of the inferior pulvinar and adjacent lateral pulvinar in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): an autoradiographic study. AB - An autoradiographic technique was used to determine superior colliculus (SC) and pulvinar projections in the rhesus monkey. SC projects bilaterally to the inferior pulvinar (PI) while occipital cortex projects to PI and the lateral pulvinar (PL). PI has sustaining, topographical projections to layers IV, III and I of areas 18 and 19 (and VI and I of 17) which agrees with the central representation of the visual hemifield and suggests that there is more than one hemifield representation in prestriate cortex. PL adjacent to PI also projects to the same cortical areas and layers, while the portion of PL extending into the caudal pole of the pulvinar projects to layers IV, III and I of areas 20 and 21. Thus, occipital cortices are associated by cortico-thalamocortical connections and also receive direct lemniscal input via SC-PI and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), while inferotemporal areas 20 and 21 receive only cortico-thalamocortical connections. It is concluded that Stoffels' principle of lamellation holds and, that one pulvinar subdivision projects to several cortical areas, that adjacent pulvinar subdivisions have overlapping projections to these cortical areas and their layers and that the pulvinar also projects to the same cortical area as DLG but to different layers. These connections are similar to those in lower mammals but not to those in the squirrel monkey and bushbaby. PMID- 819096 TI - An autoradiographic study of the pathways from the pontine reticular formation involved in horizontal eye movements. PMID- 819097 TI - Endogenous perioxidatic activity in brain stem neurons as demonstrated by their staining with diaminobenzidine in normal squirrel monkeys. AB - In order to test for the presence or absence of endogenous peroxidatic activities within the brains of normal squirrel monkeys, sections from the brain stems were incubated in buffered media of diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide, according to the methods of Graham and Karnovsky20 or Novikoff and Goldfischer39. It was found that neurons within certain regions were consistently stained by both mediamthese reactive neurons belong to the extrapyramidal motor system (globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars diffusa), red nucleus, pontine and mesencephalic reticular formation), to certain cranial nerve nuclei (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, mesencephalic trigeminal, vestibular) and to relay nuclei of the auditory pathway (superior olivary nucleus and nucleus of the trapezoid body). Neurons within other regions of the brain stem, such as thalamus, hypothalamus and corpus striatum were not stained. On the other hand, the neuropil, excluding the neurons, in other motor areas (such as the subthalamic nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus and corpus striatum) and other auditory relay nuclei (inferior colliculus, nucleus of lateral lemniscus) were also significantly stained. Processes around the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum were particularly reactive. Under the electron microscope, reaction products were localized prominently along the cristae and limiting membranes of the mitochondria and within peroxisome-like bodies of the stained neurons. Non reactive neurons have little or no reaction products in their organelles. The staining was absent when DAB was withheld, and it was weak or absent if H2O2 was omitted from the media. The addition of inhibitors of catalase, 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol did not affect the staining intensity, whereas the addition of potassium cyanide, a strong inhibitor of metalloenzymes, especially heme-enzymes, almost completely abolished the reactions. In addition, a 3-day 'bleaching treatment' with 30% H2O2 did not affect the reactions. These results suggest that the reactivity in the above regions was due not to neuromelanin or other pigments, but rather to heme-enzymes and/or other hemoproteins. It was postulated that a higher concentration of the reactive agents was characteristic of certain neuronal types in the brain stem of the squirrel monkeys, and could be related to the cells' functional needs, energy requirements and perhaps to the metabolism of their specific neurotransmitters. PMID- 819098 TI - Coding of information about rapid eye movements in the pontine reticular formation of alert monkeys. AB - Neurons in the rostral paramedian zone of the pontine reticular formation (PRF) have distinct frequency changes prior to and during quick eye movements, but generally little or no tonic activity associated with eye position. Evidence indicates that horizontal saccades and quick phases of nystagmus are generated in this region. Firing of units activated with eye movements (burst units) and of units which are inhibited (pause units) was analyzed. Eye movements were described by a vector having an amplitude (A) and an angle (a). These parameters were related to position changes in certain planes by the equation delta pos = A cos alpha. In each of 80 cells in the PRF which were encountered, the activity could be related to some parameter of the above equation: change of position (delta pos), amplitude (A), or the cosine of the angle between the direction of movement and a reference direction (cos alpha). Units coding amplitude of eye movement or change in position in a particular plane conveyed the information by number of spikes. Units coding direction of movement did so by frequency. In many units, the information coding was precise so that the direction or amplitude of single eye movements could be predicted from the frequency changes of single units. In other units, this could be determined from averages of the frequency changes. Cells coding direction or change in position had frequency maxima only in planes corresponding to the pulling direction of the eye muscles. The results suggest that a vector description is not only a convenient mathematical tool, but is the way eye movements are coded in the PRF and possibly elsewhere in the central nervous system. PMID- 819100 TI - Acetylcholinesterase-rich projections from the basal forebrain of the rhesus monkey to neocortex. PMID- 819099 TI - Effects of successive unilateral ablations of principalis cortex upon performances of delayed alternation and delayed response by monkeys. AB - Monkeys were trained on delayed alternation (DA), and were then subjected to serial unilateral or simultaneous bilateral ablations of the banks of the sulcus principalis of each frontal lobe. When subjects with unilateral lesions were retrained on DA, their performances were intermediate to those of normal and bilateral animals. This interoperative training failed to protect the serially operated monkeys from losses of DA following their second-stage ablations, for they then performed as poorly as one-stage subjects and subjects prepared with serial ablations that were not given practice on the task between the two operations. Additional postoperative tests of delayed responding (DR) showed that both serially and simultaneously ablated subjects also had severe impairments of performance of DR. This result confirmed, in principle, a finding that monkeys with large unilateral ablations, if reoperated after many months for the removal of the contralateral dorsolateral perfrontal cortex, will thereafter exhibit DR deficits that are both severe and endure for a period of years. It contrasted sharply with a recent observation that DR is retained by monkeys subjected to two stage symmetrical ablations of the principalis cortex, which suggests that recoveries of frontal-lobe functions are powerfully affected by the orders in which serial extirpations are performed. PMID- 819101 TI - Temporal cortical projections to the olfactory tubercle in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 819102 TI - The efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Unilateral partial ablations were made in the medial granular frontal cortex of 6 adult squirrel monkeys. Fiber degeneration was traced using the Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer selective silver impregnation techniques into the cingulum, uncinate fascicle, corpus callosum, internal capsule and sublenticular (ventral extracapsular) bundle. Corticocortical projections were observed to the lateral orbital, parietal, rostral inferior temporal, and entorhinal cortices, as well as to the hippocampus proper. Subcortical projections were observed to the basal amygdaloid nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, lateral dorsal, anterior ventral, mediodorsal, pulvinar, and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. Preterminal and terminal fiber degeneration were notably sparse in most of the neostriatum, except the dorsolateral region of the caudate nucleus. Fiber degeneration traversed the medial crus cerebri of the midbrain, where fibers of passage ascended into the tegmentum through the medial substantia nigra. Preterminal and terminal degeneration were present in the mesencephalic reticular formation lateral and dorsal to the red nucleus and a few degenerating fibers were followed into the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Degeneration was observed as far caudal as the reticulotegmental nucleus of the rostral pons. On the basis of its connections, the medial prefrontal cortex resembles the remainder of the prefrontal lobe and probably also has an important role in cortical and subcortical limbic mechanisms. PMID- 819103 TI - Electrophysiology of the frontal granular cortex. III. The cingulate-prefrontal relation in primate. AB - An investigation of the nature of laminar potentials and impulse discharges of units of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (FC) evoked by stimulations of cingulate gyrus was made in rhesus monkey. Anterior cingulate stimulations evoked 1.0--1.5 msec latency waves, positive on pial surface and negative at FC depths of about 500--2000 mum with about the same time scale. Following the positive wave there was also a negative wave response. The amplitude and duration of the surface positive wave and negative wave of response varied according to the state of background EEG of the area. During steady EEG the positive wave was well developed and the negative wave was incipient but during EEG oscillations, the positive wave was markedly diminished and the negative wave enlarged. The alteration of responsiveness was also confirmed in depths by changes of reversed polarity potentials corresponding temporally to surface potentials. Discrete responses of FC were evoked at stimulus frequencies of up to 20 Hz. Higher frequencies resulted in depression of responsiveness. Alternate responses were depressed between 20 and 40 Hz and all responses were progressively depressed with still higher frequencies. Impulse discharges of FC units were evoked either singly or in bursts by the cingulate stimulations. Single impulse responses were commonly found. Presumably monosynaptic responses were in the latency range of 1.2-3.0 msec. They were found at depths of about 500 mum and 1000 mum. Long latency (7 msec) responses were also observed in the upper levels of cortex. The latency of the unitary response of a multi-impulse burst was in the range of 6.5 16 msec and the frequency of impulses in burst was in the order of 500-750 Hz. Such burst responses occurred on the declining phase of the depth negative wave evoked by the cingulate stimulation. The anterior cingulate effects were found to be distributed on the prefrontal cortex from arcuate sulcus to two-thirds distance rostrally. The unit responses were more commonly found in laminae between 0.4 and 1.0 mm depth than at other depths. The cingulate effects on FC were not affected by lesion of nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami or by ablation of the pre-motor cortex. The study discloses a basis by which functional states of limbic cortex can powerfully modulate the functioning of prefrontal neocortex of primate. PMID- 819104 TI - Responses of primate locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus neurons to stimulation at reinforcing brain sites and to natural reinforcers. AB - In alert rhesus monkeys the activity of 64-neurons was recorded in the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus region, collectively referred to as coeruleus (C) neurons. C neurons were identified physiologically by antidromic activation from electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and medial septal nucleus which sustained intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior, and/or anatomically by their proximity to microlesions at unit recording sites. The following results were obtained: (1) the current intensity that supported the highest rate of MFB and septal ICSS was similar to the current intensity for evoking antidromic responses in C neurons; (2) stimulation in the vicinity of the dopaminergic neurons of nucleus A10 did not activate C neurons; (3) C neurons were antidromically activated by ipsilateral and contralateral MFB shocks; (4) the C axons had slow estimated conduction velocities (1-5 m/sec), and a mean neural refractory period of 0.8 msec; (5) the behaviorally determined refractory period for MFB ICSS was also approximately 0.8 msec; and (6) mean firing rates while the monkey sat quietly were 15 +/- 2 Hz (S.D.) for subcoeruleus cells and 5 +/- 3 Hz for locus coeruleus cells, and activity of most cells changed negligibly during operant responding for apple-sauce reinforcement. These results suggest that the reinforcing effects of ICSS may be mediated by activation of coeruleus cells, but that these cells do not appear to be strongly involved in operant responding for natural reinforcers. PMID- 819105 TI - Projections from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to prestriate cortex in the squirrel monkey as demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 819106 TI - Impaired tactile learning and retention after removals of the second somatic sensory projection cortex (SII) in the monkey. PMID- 819107 TI - Cells of origin of corticorubral projections from the arm area of primate motor cortex and their synaptic actions in the red nucleus. PMID- 819109 TI - [Phospholipase activity of Yersinia enterocolitica strains (author's transl)]. PMID- 819108 TI - Thalamic projections of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Cortical aspirations were made of the dorsomedial prefrontal sector in the rhesus monkey and the resultant anterograde and retrograde degeneration plotted. Retrograde changes were mapped using both cresyl violet and modified Fink-Heimer techniques. Following large dorsomedial lesions, small numbers of degenerating fibers were traced through the medial part of the magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus (VAmc) and the ventral part of the internal medullary lamina surrounding the anterior nuclei. Degenerating fibers were also traced medially through the inferior thalamic peduncle and rostrodorsally through the basal thalamic region into the mediodorsal nucleus. All pathways converged on areas in the dorsal part of the parvocellular mediodorsal nucleus (MDpc) containing fine-grain dust and argyrophilic neurons, reactions usually associated with retrograde degenerative changes. Sparse fiber degeneration was also noted in the ventral part of the magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus (MDmc). After a longer survival period, slight to moderate cell loss and gliosis were seen in MDpc along with an increase in the number of degenerating fibers passing through the medial part of VAmc. Rostral dorsomedial lesions resulted in small numbers of degenerating fibers in the medial part of VAmc; no degenerating fibers appeared in the basal thalamic region. Fine-grain dust was noted in the dorsal part of MDpc along with sparse preterminal degeneration in the dorsal and ventral parts of MDpc and MDmc respectively. Following caudal dorsomedial lesions, fiber degeneration was traced through the medial part of VAmc and through the inferior thalamic peduncle and basal thalamic regions to areas of degenerating preterminals in the dorsal part of MDpc. Sparse fiber degeneration was also noted in MDmc. No evidence of cell loss and gliosis or increased numbers of degenerated fibers was noted following longer survival periods. Dorsolateral and orbital lesions resulted in large areas of fine-grain dust, argyrophilic neurons, and severe cell loss in MDpc and MDmc respectively. A large combined dorsolateral and orbital lesion made 32 days prior to sacrifice of the animal resulted in coarse fiber degeneration in the medial part of VAmc and in the anterior nuclear capsule. Severe cell loss and fiber degeneration were evident in the entire MD. These results suggest that the rostral dorsomedial prefrontal sector receives projections from MDpc while the caudal sector does not. This projection courses dorsally and rostrally through the ventral part of the capsule surrounding the anterior nuclei and into the medial part of VAmc. The entire dorsomedial sector projects sparsely to both MDpc and MDmc. The projection from the rostral medial surface passes through the medial part of VAmc while that from the caudal surface reaches MD both by the dorsal approach through VAmc and through a ventral approach via the inferior thalamic peduncle and the basal thalamic region. PMID- 819110 TI - Carcinoma of the penis. PMID- 819111 TI - Familial susceptibility to cancer. PMID- 819112 TI - Information for physicians on irradiation-related thyroid cancer, The National Cancer Institute. PMID- 819113 TI - Thyroid cancer-latrogenic and otherwise. PMID- 819114 TI - Endocrine treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 819115 TI - Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 819116 TI - Action of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on rostral hypothalamic neurones: thermoregulation and biogenic amines. AB - Sensitivity of neurones in the rostral hypothalamus of methoxyflurane anesthetized cats to the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PGSIs), salicylate and fenoprofen, has been examined using the technique of microiontophoresis. Results were compared with sensitivity to prostaglandin (PG) E1 and no noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Simultaneous applications of PGSIs and NA or 5HT were made to investigate the role of PG in monoamine induced changes in neuronal excitability. PGSIs did not excite these cells, but depression were common, particularly with fenoprofen. PGE1 did not reverse the depressions. NA and 5HT responses were generally unaffected by simultaneous PGSI application and responsiveness to PGSIs was found to be unrelated to amine sensitivity. The results support the conclusion that PGSIs have a depressant action on neurones in this region, which may not be related to inhibition of prostagladin synthesis, and that the actions of microiontophoretically applied NA and 5HT are not dependent upon PG. PMID- 819117 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: factors influencing toxicity for isolated mitochondria and endotoxin properties. AB - In the present study Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited the following endotoxin properties: (1) toxicity for mice; (2) gelation of the Limulus lysate; (3) induction of a localized Shwartzman reaction in the skin of rabbits, and (4) anticomplementary activity. Differences in LPS toxicity as measured with the rat liver mitochondrial assay system were found to be related to the nature of the bacterial growth media, the functional integrity of mitochondria, and the time and temperature of mitochondrial assay. The significance of these findings to P. aeruginosa infections is discussed, and it is concluded that LPS is a factor of importance. PMID- 819118 TI - Iron as a replacement for mucin in the establishment of meningococcal infection in mice. AB - Experimental infection of mice with Neisseria meningitidis was established by the injection of the bacteria suspended in solutions of various iron compounds. The progressive and fatal infection caused by otherwise non-lethal doses of organisms was produced in these mice after prior injection with ferrous sulphate or concomitant injection with iron sorbitol citrate or iron dextran. Reduction in LD50 to levels at least comparable to those obtained in the mucin challenge system was achieved; in some serogroups of N. meningitidis the LD50 was decreased more than a million fold. The results suggest that iron, which is a component of hog gastric mucin, is a factor involved in the establishment of meningococcal infection in mice. Use of iron compounds as injection medium offers a more advantageous system than mucin, since controlled administration of chemically defined substances occurs. PMID- 819119 TI - Nurse practitioners in primary care. V. Development of the utilization and financial index to measure effects of their deployment. AB - The new Utilization and Financial Index (UF-Index) was developed to measure the economic effects of deployment of new health professionals or of other changes in the provision of health services. By means of several steps, information on concurrent use of various categories of health service is converted into a single quantitative index. The index has been used to evaluate the financial effects of introduction of nurse practitioners into primary care practices by means of two complementary studies. PMID- 819120 TI - Nurse practitioners in primary care. VI. Assessment of their deployment with the Utilization and Financial Index. AB - The impact of multidisciplinary teams that incorporate nurse practitioners on total use of health services was measured with the new Utilization and Financial Index (UF-Index). The data from two studies, a randomized controlled trial and a before-and-after study, showed that, in spite of large increases in use of ambulatory services by practice populations served by family physician-nurse practitioner teams, the ultimate effect has been a substantial reduction in total use of health services. The effect was associated with major reductions in hospital care for the same populations. Such economic advantages to society proved feasible within a fee-for-service context and in settings where rigorous evidence demonstrated no concurrent deterioration in health status of patients or in quality of care. PMID- 819121 TI - [For the Games of Montreal: a modest and efficient health service]. PMID- 819122 TI - The geriatric institution as a therapeutic modality. AB - Geriatric centres complete with day-hospital facilities are essential for good care of the elderly. Institutions for the ill elderly should be upgraded to provide these people with the full range of services required as their diseases wax and wane. Within this community the resident could move as his needs altered, from minimal support in lodge-style accomodation, to continual "heavy" nursing in a hospital setting providing long-term care. Such a concept accepts that, in the elderly, as they age, new diseases develop that are often difficult to diagnose, and that they require diagnostic and therapeutic services of much greater range than is presently considered adequate in most institutions providing long-term care. PMID- 819123 TI - Studies on in vitro resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin. PMID- 819124 TI - The effect of enzymes upon metabolism, storage, and release of carbohydrates in normal and abnormal endometria. AB - This paper presents preliminary data concerning the relationship of various components of glandular epithelium and effect of enzymes on metabolism, storage, and release of certain substances in normal and abnormal endometria. Activity of these endometrial enzymes has been compared between two groups: 252 patients with normal menstrual histories and 156 patients, all over the age of 40, with abnormal uterine bleeding. Material was obtained by endometrial biopsy or curettage. In the pathologic classification of the group of 156, 30 patients had secretory endometria, 88 patients had endometria classified as proliferative, 24 were classified as endometrial hyperplasia, and 14 were classified as adenocarcinoma. All tissue was studied by histologic, histochemical, and biochemical methods. Glycogen synthetase activity caused synthesis of glucose to glycogen, increasing in amount until midcycle, when glycogen phosphorylase activity caused the breakdown to glucose during the regressive stage of endometrial activity. This normal cyclic activity did not occur in the abnormal endometria, where activity of both enzymes continued at low constant tempo. Only the I form of glycogen synthetase increased as the tissue became more hyperplastic. With the constant glycogen content and the increased activity of both the TPN isocitric dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the hyperplastic and cancerous endometria, tissue energy was created, resulting in abnormal cell proliferation. These altered biochemical and cellular activities may be the basis for malignant cell growth. PMID- 819125 TI - Future prospects of radiotherapy in gynecologic oncology. AB - Major areas of progress in radiotherapy over the past decade have included important refinements in equipment and treatment techniques, as well as improved and expanded training programs for radiation oncologists. In 1975, approximately 14% of all new cancers were gynecologic, representing almost 68,000 new cases. Although end results in treatment of early cervix and corpus uteri lesions are quite good, results in treatment of early cervix and corpus uteri lesions are quite good, results in treatment of the later stage lesions, as well as ovarian and vulvo-vaginal tumors, are discouraging. Progress in the future will center around five primary areas: 1) greater understanding and utilization of radiation sensitizing agents such as hyperbaric oxygen, metronidazol, and other electroaffinic agents, purine and pyrimadine analogs, and antibiotics such as Actinomycin D and Adriamycin; 2) introduction into clinical use of high LET particle beams, such as fast neutrons, pi mesons, low atomic number nuclei, and heavy accelerated nuclei; 3) combined modality therapy utilizing radiation and chemotherapy or radiation and immunotherapy for management of subclinical disease; 4) radiobiologic and clinical advances in the utilization of radiation and hyperthermia; and 5) improved understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of the gynecologic malignancies with increasing use of staging laparotomies, lymphangiography and peritoneoscopy. PMID- 819126 TI - Effects on insulin, prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol on DNA synthesis in organ culture of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. AB - The effect of various hormones or hormone combinations on DNA synthesis was investigated in organ cultures of 20 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. Three tumors were insulin independent and were totally insensitive to all other hormones tested. Seventeen tumors were insulin dependent for DNA synthesis and, in the presence of insulin, displayed variable responses to the other hormones. Nine of 12 such tumors were significantly stimulated by the combination of prolactin and progesterone. Given alone, these hormones were effective in only 25% of the tumors tested. Estradiol used at 2 dose levels, 0.001 or 1.0 mug/ml, acted in a reverse manner to progesterone and proved inhibitory in combination with prolactin in 40% of cases. It was ineffective alone except in 1 of 10 cases in which a stimulatory effect was recorded. A comparison in 4 tumors between estimation of DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA) and colchicine-blocked mitoses demonstrated a good concordance. These results are discussed in terms of variations in the degree of hormone responsiveness of individual tumors and of the known hormone-dependent properties of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene tumors in vivo. PMID- 819127 TI - Antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen in hamsters bearing GW-39 human tumors. AB - The appearance of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity in the sera of hamsters bearing i.m. heterografts of GW-39, a CEA-producing colonic tumor of human origin, was demonstrated in radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated CEA purified from GW-39. Column chromatography, sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, and radioimmunoelectrophoresis of pooled sera from tumor-bearing hamsters showed that the CEA antibody was of the immunoglobulin M type. The CEA antibody in tumor sera contained two specificities that reacted with different determinants on the CEA. On specificity reacted with a blood group-related determinant, whereas the remaining specificity was against a unique site on the CEA. Sequential analysis of individual tumor-bearing animals revealed that an increase in tumor growth paralleled the concomitant appearance of circulating CEA and highest antibody titer, suggesting that immunoglobulin M antibody, antigen, or complexes thereof influence tumor growth in this model. PMID- 819128 TI - Two-stage chemical oncogenesis in cultures of C3H/10T1/2 cells. AB - The initiation and promotion stages of chemical oncogenesis have been demonstrated in cultured C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. Treatment of the cells with a subeffective concentration of 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, or 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, followed 4 days later by a nontransforming amount of tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), phorbol didecanoate, or 4-alpha-phorbol didecanoate, produced transformation. Phorbol was ineffective. TPA did not select for transformed cells. When TPA treatment preceded 3-methylcholanthrene, no enhancement of transformation was observed. When TPA was added immediately after hydrocarbon treatment, there was a significant inhibition of transformation. TPA did not exert promoting activity when the hydrocarbons were in high enough concentrations to produce appreciable transformation. The promoting action of TPA cannot be attributed only to a stimulation of cell division. PMID- 819129 TI - Hepatic metabolism of N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and other N-hydroxy arylamines to reactive sulfuric acid esters. AB - Hepatic cytosols catalyzed a 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) dependent O-sulfonation of N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (N-HO-MAB) and of several other N-hydroxy arylamines. The presumed product from N-HO-MAB, N-methyl 4-aminoazobenzene-N-sulfate, reacted with added guanosine to yield N-(guanosin-8 yl)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, with methionine to form a sulfonium derivative that decomposed to yield 3-methylmercapto-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, and with ribosomal RNA to give a bound derivative. N-Methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was converted to N-(guanosin-8-yl)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene in concerted N oxidation and O-sulfonation reactions conducted aerobically with a fortified 10,000 X g rat liver supernatant. In the absence of an added nucleophile, metabolically formed N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene-N-sulfate (or the nitrenium ion from this unstable ester) was reduced by N-HO-MAB to form N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene; the N-HO-MAB was oxidized, probably through a nitrone intermediate, to yield products that included N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene and formaldehyde. An analogous reaction was noted between N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene and N-HO-MAB in the absence of cytosol and PAPS. Hepatic N-HO-MAB sulfotransferase activities were in the order: male rat greater than female rat, male rabbit, male guinea pig, male mouse greater than male hamster. Male rat kidney and small intestine cytosols had low activities; the other tissues studied had little or no activity. Hepatic sulfotransferase activities for N-HO-MAB and N hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene displayed different pH optima and inhibitor and activator responses. The rates of PAPS-dependent rat liver cytosol-catalyzed esterification of N-hydroxy-N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, N-hydroxy-4 aminoazobenzene, and N-hydroxy-1- and 2-naphthylamine were 20 to 50% of that for N-HO-MAB. Activities for trans-N-hydroxy-4-aminostilbene, N-hydroxy-2 aminofluorene, N-hydroxyaniline, and N-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-benzylamine were not detected. No microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent reduction or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent oxidation or cytosolic transferase reactions for N-HO-MAB, except the above described PAPS-dependent reaction, were detected in rat liver. PMID- 819130 TI - Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis by retinyl acetate. AB - The administration of 2.5 mg retinyl acetate daily in the diet to female Sprague Dawley rats beginning 7 days after the intragastric instillation of either 2.5, 5, or 15 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (CMBA) resulted in a reduction in the incidence of benign mammary tumors of 37, 30, and 31%, respectively. An equally significant reduction in the number of tumors was also evident. Although no difference was noted in the percentage incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas between the placebo and 2.5 mg retinyl acetate-treated groups at the 2.5-mg DMBA level, the percentage incidence was reduced by 52 and 39% in these groups at the 5- and 15-mg DMBA dose. Furthermore, the number of adenocarcinomas was also significantly reduced. Although both the percentage incidence and number of tumors were reduced by treatment with 1 mg retinyl acetate, these differences were not statistically significant. Liver histology and liver function tests of rats of the retinyl acetate groups did not differ from that of the control group. Similarly, the estrus cycle of treated animals did not differ from that of control rats. These data indicate that relatively large doses of retinyl acetate significantly inhibit the development of DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinomas and benign tumors. Furthermore, the suppression of mammary tumorigenesis is apparently not the result of an alteration in either the metabolism of DMBA or estrogen nor to an inhibition of tumor growth resulting from retinyl acetate toxicity. The inhibitory effect of retinyl acetate may be related to the effect of retinoids on epithelial cell differentiation and/or reversal of carcinogen induced anaplasia. PMID- 819131 TI - The biochemistry of preneoplasia in mouse skin. AB - After an introduction to the "Session on Skin" emphasizing that some early biochemical changes occurring in the two-stage model system for skin would be presented in the three following presentations, several background experiments were discussed. It was shown that a complete carcinogen for the skin (7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) provides both initiating and promoting components, but as the dose level of the carcinogen is lowered its promoting activity is lost while its initiating activity is retained. At the dose level that is completely carcinogenic, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exhibits the properties of a promoter; it stimulates RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis followed by cell division. At initiating doses, both the biochemical and morphological (increased mitosis) responses to treatment that are characteristic of promoters are lost; the remaining biochemical effects involve DNA and are attributed to initiating action. Some of the data supporting the concept that the mechanism of action of tumor promotion involves gene activation were reviewed. PMID- 819132 TI - Fate of early carcinogen-induced lesions in tracheal epithelium. AB - Hyperplastic-metaplastic lesions were produced in transplanted rat tracheas by exposure to 310 or 75 mug 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or to 650 mug benzo(a)pyrene delivered over a 2-week exposure period. Tissue recovery was studied for up to 16 weeks. After cessation of carcinogen exposure, most of the hyperplastic-metaplastic epithelium was rapidly replaced by mucociliary epithelium. In the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-exposed tracheas, a few mataplastic foci remained at 4 and 8 weeks. In all 3 exposure groups, portions of the mucosa were occupied by atrophic-pleomorphic epithelium that persisted throughout the observation period. The significance of these lesions in the evolution of neoplasia is as yet unknown. In vitro studies with epithelial cells derived from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-exposed tracheal transplants revealed that some cells have acquired a growth potential that is markedly different from that of normal mucociliary epithelium. This altered in vitro growth potential of epithelial cells may be an early indicator of an important event in the evolution of epithelial transformation in vivo. PMID- 819133 TI - Junctional and compound pigmented nevi induced by 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2 benzanthracene in skin of albino guinea pigs. AB - Seventy albino guinea pigs were used in the experiment to investigate the influence of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene on amelanotic melanocytes. A field 5 sq cm was marked on the flank of each animal. Hairs from these fields were clipped twice a week and painted for 20 consecutive weeks with 0.3 ml of 1% 9,10 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in acetone. During the 1-year observation period, pigmented sports appeared in 40 animals. Biopsies were taken under local anesthesia, and sections were prepared for light and electron microscopic observations. Melanin formation of unknown mechanism took place in the epidermal melanocytes and in the melanocytes from the outer root sheath. These melanocytes also formed junctional and compound nevi; serial sections revealed various stages of pigmented nevi development. Schwann cells did not participate in the formation of nevi. Evidence is presented that 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene can convert amelanotic melanocytes into melanin-producing cells in the albino guinea pig skin. In addition, this system produces an animal model for the development of junctional and compound nevi. PMID- 819134 TI - Role of immune mechanisms in metastatic patterns of hemopoietic tumors in rats. AB - Two hemopoietic tumors induced in rats by Gross leukemia virus and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, respectively, display distinctive and consistent patterns of metastases, the former in the thymus and lymph nodes, the latter in the liver and spleen. To investigate the role of circulatory anatomy in the localization of metastases, 51Cr-labeled cells were injected i.v., and their distribution was followed at various intervals. To explore the influence of immune mechanisms, Gross leukemia virus- and dimethylbenza(a)anthracene-induced leukemic cells as well as a line of antigenically modulated cells were administered to newborn, X-irradiated, and immunologically unresponsive recipients. The circulation of tumor cells through various organs was indiscriminate. The immune response of the host was operative in limiting the local and metastatic tumor growth but not in determining the site of secondary tumors. The conclusion of these experiments was that the selective organ distribution of tumor metastases was solely dependent on intrinsic cellular properties. PMID- 819135 TI - A phenylalanine transfer RNA azo dye complex in livers of rats fed diets containing 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - A highly purified phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNAPhe) was isolated from a normal rat liver and from livers of male and female rats fed a semisynthetic diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 3 weeks. Absorption spectral analysis on tRNAPhe from normal and carcinogen-fed rats indicated an unusual absorption above 335 nm by tRNAPhe isolated from the latter group. Ribonuclease T1 digestion followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns indicated the existence of a major peak of covalently bound oligonucleotide-azo complex. Microcrystalline cellulose thin-layer chromatography resolved the peak into one major and four minor components, all with similar absorption spectra. Enzymatic digestion of the major peak obtained from diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography to ribonucleosides, followed by chromatography on cellulose thin layer, resulted in one major and three minor components. A higher uridine:cytidine base ratio was also observed in the tRNAPhe isolated from the carcinogenfed animals. These findings suggest that certain transfer RNA's may be major targets for this azo carcinogen. PMID- 819136 TI - Proliferative epithelial lesions of the urinary bladder in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) infected with Schistosoma intercalatum. AB - Five cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were infected with Schistosoma intercalatum, a helminth that is morphologically similar to Schistosoma haematobium. Infections were readily established and remained active until the monkeys were sacrificed 21 to 84 weeks after exposure. Although the schistosomes were located predominantly in mesenteric and hepatic portal venules, schistosome eggs were found in the bladders of 3 monkeys. Nodules of atypical epithelial cells interpreted as superficially infiltrating undifferentiated bladder carcinomas were found in one monkey 23 weeks after infection. These sessile tumors differ strikingly from the well-differentiated, papillary transitional cell tumors previously reported from several species of experimental animals infected with S. haematobium. The tumors are also dissimilar to the squamous cell bladder tumors associated with S. haematobium infection in man but may nonetheless be useful for investigations of schistosomal bladder cancer. PMID- 819137 TI - The effect of entrapment in liposomes on the in vivo distribution of [3H]methotrexate in a primate. AB - Entrapment of methotrexate (MTX) plus [3',5', 9(n)-3H]methotrexate into positively charged liposomes greatly alters the subsequent distribution of [3H]MTX in a cynomologous monkey (Macaca irus) after a single i.v. injection ([3H]MTX; refers to total radioactivity derived from purified [3H]MTX). When [3H]MTX is incorporated into small, sonically disrupted liposomes, the level of the entrapped [3H]MTX in the total plasma volume was still 50% of the total injected dose after 4 hr, which is 100 times greater than the level found when the same amount of free MTX (1 to 4 mg) plus [3H]MTX was injected. When entrapped in larger mechanicanically disperesed liposomes, however, the plasma levels of liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX at 4 hr was only 6-fold greater than free [3H]MT. The liposome-entrapped MTX (refers to MTX measured by dihydrofolate reductase assay) did not show detectable breakdown in the plasma whereas free MTX showed up to 97% breakdown. Increased clearance of [3H]MTX entrapped in mechanically dispersed liposomes was complemented by its much greater uptake into tissues, especially spleen, compared with sonically disrupted liposomes. There was over a 160-fold increased uptake by the spleen of liposome-entrapped [3H] MTX relative to free [3H]MTX, whereas for sonically disrupted liposomes the comparable ratio was 20. Although this liposome-entrapped MTX showed significant breakdown, it was less than that found after injection of free MTX. In certain tissues, especially the small intestine, a reduced uptake of liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX WAS FOUND. Uptake of liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX into liposomes led to a much lower renal clearance of [3H]MTX, especially in the case of sonically disrupted liposomes. Possible reasons for these effects and the relationship of our findings to those of others are discussed. PMID- 819138 TI - [A comment on paucibacillary findings in pulmonary TB from the clinical point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 819139 TI - Giant nerve fibers in the ciliary muscle and iris sphincter of Macaca mulatta. AB - Unusually large nerve processes, containing numerous mitochondria, glycogen particles, and synaptic vesicles are described in both the ciliary muscle and the iris sphincter muscle of the rhesus monkey. The striking similarity of these axonal profiles to the dendritic enlargements observed by Sotelo and Palay (1968) is noted and the possibility that they represent growing ends of peripheral nerve fibers is suggested. PMID- 819140 TI - In vivo transfer of cellular immunity to primates with transfer factor prepared from human or primate leucocytes. PMID- 819141 TI - Differences in sensitivity to a cytotoxic anti-thymus-derived lymphocyte serum of cells mediating delayed-onset reactions in guinea pigs to hapten-protein conjugates and contactants. PMID- 819142 TI - [Effect of puromycin, nalidixic acid and cycloheximide on neuromuscular transmission]. AB - The action of puromycin, nalidixic acid and cycloheximid on neuromuscular transmission has been assayed using diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparation from rat. The results demonstrate that all antibiotics used, reversibly blodk neuromuscular transmission. Cycloheximid seems to act presynaptically by inhibiting acetylcholine release from nerve terminal. Puromycin and nalidixic acid act as curare-like agents. They seem to compete with acetylcholine for fixation at the cholinergic receptor. PMID- 819143 TI - [Bovine 17-beta-estradiol during estrous cycle]. AB - Using a highly specific antiserum, a method of plasma estradiol-17 beta determination by R.I.A. without chromatographic separation, was developed. Increasing on day 18, estradiol-17 beta reached a peak level of 8.6 pg/ml (6.4 12.6) at the onset of estrus. It then sharply decreased, and remained at a low level 1.75 pg/ml with secondary peaks on day 4-5, 12 and sometimes on day 8. PMID- 819145 TI - [Conseqquences of dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior reversion of early neurula lateral mesoblast on development of urogenital system in common toad, Bufo bufo. (Amphibia anura)]. AB - At early neurula stage of the toad, cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral reversal of lateral mesoblast is performed. The genito-urinary system is therefore missing after this intervention. The three following factors of the formation of this system anlage are anlyzed: lateral mesoderm competence, stimulative activites of dorso-caudal endoblast on the one hand, of chordo-mesoderm on the other hand. PMID- 819144 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase activity of neuroblastoma and different glial cells in co culture]. AB - When mouse neuroblasts (clonal line M 1) and hamster astroblasts (clonal line NN) were co-cultured, the originally low activity of acetylcholinesterase of both lines was drastically increased. After 2 months the neuroblastoma M 1 cells were reisolated from the co-culture and were found to contain 10 times higher activity of acetylcholinesterase than the original M 1 cells. This increased activity was maintained over more than 14 subcultures. In contrast, co-cultivation of neuroblastoma M 1 cells with rat astrocytoma cells (clonal line C 6) resulted in a decrease of actylcholinesterase activity compared to either original cell line. PMID- 819146 TI - [Endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in human liver]. AB - Endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was found in a alpha-L-fucosidase preparation purified from human liver homogenates, using glycopeptides from human parotid glycoprotein as a substrate. An oligosaccharide was purified and after reduction N-acetylglucosaminitol was shown by paper chromatography. Thus, the specificity and the significance of this endoglycosidase in glycoprotein catabolism are discussed. PMID- 819147 TI - [Increased non-specific resistance to induction of malaria by sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice pretreated with a bacterial phospholipid extract]. AB - The injection of a bacterial phosphospholipid extract increases resistance of mice subsequently challenged with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei yoelii. The pretreatment consisted of one injection of a suspension containing various amounts of phospholipid extract. It was e-fective when it shortly preceded the sporozoites inoculation. This resulted in total protection of a great number of animals against various amounts of sporozoites. There was a correlation between the dose of EBP injected and the degree of protection against various sporozoites. PMID- 819148 TI - [Antigenic structure of hemolymph and tissue extract of Biomphalaria glabrata infested or not infested with Schistosoma mansoni]. PMID- 819149 TI - [Example of preparative affinity electrophoresis]. PMID- 819150 TI - [T-lymphocytes in chromic lymphatic leukemia and variations of genetic activity]. AB - By using autoradiographic methods, we have studied the actinomycin-binding in nuclei of CLL's lymphocytes cultured, in presence of PHA, at varying cellular concentrations. Chromatin activation is earlier and greater in the most concentrated culture, which thus more closely resemble normal lymphocytes' cultures. This data supports the hypothesis that T cells in CLL have normal PHA stimulability and that their apparently delayed response is due to dilution in a predominant B cell population. PMID- 819151 TI - [Evidence and importance of the larval chaetotaxy in the Monogenea Monopisthocotylea]. AB - The larva of Ergentrema mugilis Paperna, 1964 (Ancyrocephalidae) occurring in Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) is described for the first time including the primary haptor description as well as the chaetotaxy. In addition, the sensillae position, previously unknown in the larva of Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 (Dactylogyridae) a parasite of Cyprinus carpio L., is specified. The comparison between these two chaetotaxies shows a proximity which was not obvious through the adult and larval haptor structure. The respective value of both criteria for the Monopisthocotylea phylogeny is discussed. PMID- 819152 TI - [Ultrastructural changes induced by ischemia in rat hearts perfused atrially. Effect of different substrates]. PMID- 819154 TI - [Correlation between arterial pressure and electric activity of baroreceptor nerves recorded during artificial circulation in rabbits]. AB - The relation between carotid sinus, aortic and subclavian nervous activities and blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass in Rabbits appears to be normal in animals whose maximal arterial pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. In Rabbits whose maximal arterial pressure is less than 90 mmHg, the activities are generally higher and no positive correlation is found between activities and blood pressure. These high activities are not of chemoceptor or efferent origin. Therefore we assume that these high activities are of baroceptor nature. Their possible origins are discussed. PMID- 819153 TI - [Inhibitory alpha adrenergic receptors in white adipose tissue of rabbits]. AB - Rabbit white adipose tissue, in vitro, may not respond to epinephrine by an increase in the rate of lipolysis although beta adrenergic receptors may be postulated from our experiments with isoproterenol. When basal rate of lipolysis is high, an antilipolytic effect may be shown for low concentrations of epinephrine (0.01 and 0.1 mug/ml). However, epinephrine and an alpha adrenergic blocker, phentolamine (5 mug/ml), acting together, abolish the antilipolytic effect and better still a strong lipolytic effect of epinephrine is unmasked in such a case. The best evidence of these results is that inhibitory alpha, adrenergic receptors are involved in Rabbit white fat cells. These facts partially explain the absence of lipolytic response with epinephrine previously described. PMID- 819155 TI - [Comparative effects of intravitellin injections of p, p'-DDT and of commercial DDT on the germ cells of embryonic gonads of birds]. AB - The p, p'-DDT present in the composition of commercial DDT, is responsible for the germ deficit in the gonads of bird embryos. Administered into the vitellus or on the shell, before incubation, the pesticide exerts the same reduction of the Quail germ population. While, for the Chick, the germ decrease is less significant after injection than after immersion. PMID- 819156 TI - [Extension to the "spike and wave" complex of a model generating alpha waves]. PMID- 819157 TI - [Application of coronal discharge to measure biophysical gas flow]. AB - Studies and results on an ion beam produced at atmospheric pressure between a cathode point, a square diaphragm and a collector plane (anode) are presented. It is shown that the I(V) (characteristic at this device can become monotonous if a current feed back is applied to the diaphragm. Dimensions of beam impact are not affected by the electrostatical wind. The shape of the beam is given by calculation of electrostatical ion repulsion. This transducer allows gas flow measurement, this flow being a function of the current difference on the two half anodes. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experiments. PMID- 819159 TI - [Effect of the administration of 9,12 dimethyl-1,2 benzanthracene on the plasma and pituitary levels of prolactin in rats during the estrous cycle]. AB - Plasma determination of prolactin in the Rat after administration of DMBA has shown that the hormonal peak was practically suppressed whereas in the pituitary the concentration of prolactin 4 was much higher than the one found in the controls whatever the oestral state. The experiments reported concerning plasma and pituitary, permit us to propose several possible mechanisms for the carcinogenic action of DMBA. PMID- 819158 TI - [Genetic effects of the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke on Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - The gaseous phase of cigarette smoke is active on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A toxic effect and several genetic alterations were observed. Mitotic segregants are induced and the cytoplasmic "petite" mutation is selected and induced. These effects vary according to the growth phase of the culture and to the brand of cigarettes tested. Stationary phase cells are more resistant than exponentially growing ones. PMID- 819160 TI - [Evidence for and assay of a chorionic gonadotropin in the rat (rCG)]. AB - A sensitive radioreceptorassay for human and animal gonadotropins made it possible to demonstrate and quantitate a Rat chorionic gonadotropin (rCG) in placental extracts and amniotic fluid. rCG appears as soon as day 8 and concentration is maximum at day 13 of gestation. This hormone might be the major ovarian stimulatory factor during mid gestation period. PMID- 819162 TI - [The reactivity of the sinocarotid, aortic, and subclavian baroreceptors during artificial circulation in the rabbit]. AB - During artificial circulation (cardiopulmonary bypass) in rabbits, it appears that there is no alteration in the reactivity of the baroceptors, although the transfer function of the receptors is reset at a higher level in some rabbits with low pressure. PMID- 819163 TI - [The localization of primordial germ cells in Japanese quail embryos using a technic of ultraviolet irradiation]. AB - In the Japanese quail embryo at the stage of 6 pairs of somites, ultraviolet irradiation of the extraembryonic crescent-shaped area anterior to the level of the first somites does not lead to total sterilization of the developing gonads. There are always subsisting primordial germ cells which apparently can restore the population of gonocytes. On the contrary, complete sterilization can be obtained by irradiating the area extending posteriorly to the level of the Hensen node. PMID- 819161 TI - [Ecdysteroid levels and ovarian development in adult female Locust migratoria]. AB - During ovarian development in adult females of Locusta, an important biosynthesis of ecdysteroids is observed at the end of the maturation process of the terminal oocyte. This phenomenon occurs regularly during the different ovarian cycles. No synthesis is observed in allatectomized or ovariectomized female adults. PMID- 819164 TI - [Changes in the internal temperature and the cardiac rhythm of the Saharian lizard, Varanus griseus Daud., using radiotelemetry]. AB - The evolution of the internal temperature and of the heart rate, recorded by telemetry, has been studied on Varanus griseus, by using transmitters of reduced size, in the natural conditions of Sahara. A parallelism between these two parameters exists. However, an anticipation of the heart rate increase during sun basking has been established. The hearing and cooling dynamics have been specified; a hypothesis on the mechanism of winter dormancy entrance has been proposed. PMID- 819165 TI - [Degradation of the human IgG molecule by a fungal fraction with leucineaminopeptidase activity. Preliminary results]. PMID- 819166 TI - [Immunorepulsion]. AB - Immunorepulsion is a local immunodepression which allows embryos, tumour cells, some bacteria and many parasites to survive and grow unharmed by the host immunological surveillance system. Such a local immunodepression results from the action of immunorepellents synthesized by some aggressors. These immunorepellents are able to prevent inflammatory reactions from occurring in the vicinity of the aggressors and to impede the leucocytes from fulfilling their functions. PMID- 819167 TI - [Localization in the HLA complex of a gene coding for the B lymphocyte system, Ly Li]. AB - Differentiation antigens can be detected on human B lymphocytes using allo antibodies. They probably correspond to Mouse Ia antigens. The study of two families with cross-overs between the HLA-B and D loci has shown that one of these B lymphocyte antigens (Ly-Li) is coded by a gene very close (or identical) to the HLA-D locus. PMID- 819168 TI - [Experimental polymyositis induced by the injection of acetylcholine receptors. Study of the lesions in rats and guinea pigs]. AB - The injection of acetylcholine receptors, from the Electrophorus electricus induces in Guinea Pigs and Rats an experimental disease, which is characterized by the appearance of antibodies to sarcolemma and by massive histological alterations of the degenerative type, similar to those observed in clinical polymyositis. PMID- 819169 TI - [Inhibitory effect of ellipticine (dimethyl-5,11-(6H) pyrido (4,3-b) carbazole on the induction of liver cancer by BT6 (N,N-dimethyl-p-(benzothiazolylazo) analine) and its effect on the levels of cytochrome P450 and arginase activity]. AB - Under the conditions of our tests, ellipticine inhibits remarkably the carcinogenic action of BT6 on the liver, characterized, in particular, by the swiftness of its outbreak. Under the influence of this carcinostatic compound, a considerable activation of liver metabolism is observed, resulting in an hyperproduction of cytochrome P450, while the arginase capital is restored after an appreciable fall, as if ellipticine played a favourable part in the safeguard of this enzyme, recognized as one of the targets of liver carcinogens. The relationships between various effects of ellipticine are discussed. PMID- 819170 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the nucleus and the nucleolus of Euglena gracilis Z during the cell cycle]. AB - The chromosomes and nucleolus of the Euglenineae remain visible in electron microscopy throughout the cell cycle. This peculiarity allowed to show cyclic variations of the nucleus structure in synchronized cells of Euglena gracilis Z: I. different stages of chromosome condensation was observed; 2. ultrastructural modifications in the organization of the nucleolus were evidenced, characterized by its apparent continuity ("open appearence") or discontinuity ("closed appearance") with the nucleoplasm. PMID- 819171 TI - [Quantitation of nuclear RNA synthesis in the ovary of adult Tenebrio molitor]. AB - We studied quantitatively the uridine 5-3H nuclear incorporation in adult ovaries of Tenebrio molitor during the oocyte maturation. In follicular cells, the rate of RNA synthesis is constant. In the oocytes, the precursor incorporation is maximum towards the end of previtellogenesis, and low during the yolk deposition. In nurse cells, the RNA synthesis increases during the oocyte growth and reaches a maximum value 6.5 days after the imaginal molt. PMID- 819172 TI - [Oocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis. Arguments in favor of the role of calcium ions]. AB - Influx and efflux of 45Ca++ ions in Xenopus leavis isolated full-grown oocytes were measured. Calcium influx was from 0.5 to 1 pmole/oocyte/h. Progesterone, which induces maturation does not influence Ca++ fluxes while PCMB caused a significant increase of Ca++ influx during the course of PCMB (p-Cl-HgBzO-) induced maturation. Our results show that the presence of Ca++ is not necessary in extracellular medium for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) induced by progesterone. In contrast, the kinetic and the percent of germinal vesicle breakdown observed when maturation was induced by PCMB depend on the extracellular Ca++ concentration in Ca-EGTA buffers. PMID- 819173 TI - [Immunologic analysis of the variations of hemolymph proteins of Astacus leptodactylus during the premolt]. AB - The variations in the hemolymph proteins of crayfish were studied by quantitative protein determination, elctrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel gradient and tandem crossed immuno-electrophoresis, from stage C 4 to the end of stage D. The total protein concentration varies during the premolt, with two peaks in D 0 and D I''' D2, but the plasmatic "fibrinogen" rate is about the same during this period. But three fractions exist which show important changes during the molt cycle. PMID- 819174 TI - [Early changes in the electric properties of the oocyte plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis during the reinitiation of meiosis induced by progesterone, para chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or the ionophore A 23187]. AB - Progesterone, pCMB and ionophore -Mg++ triggers early and quite similar changes in the electrical properties of Xenopus laevis plasma membrane which may play a key role in the process of meiosis reinitiation. PMID- 819176 TI - [The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the swimming activity of three hyponeustonic crustacea, Anomalocera patersoni, Pontella mediterranea, Labidocera wollastoni (Copepoda, Pontellidea)]. AB - The three species A. patersoni, P. mediterranea, L. wollastoni, were found to show a marked response to pressure changes, swimming upwards with increased pressure and downwards with decreased pressure. Endogenous rhythm of activity tended to disappear in specimens maintained under constant pressure conditions equivalent to 20 meters depth. But circadian exogenous rhythm is more clearly determined with Pontellids submitted both to constant pressure (2 bar) and diurnal changes in light intensity than with Pontellids kept under normal pressure. Perception of little changes in hydrostatic pressure is perhaps used by hyponeustonic species to help in depth regulation. PMID- 819175 TI - [Effects of temperature on the morphogenesis of ovocytes of Bombyx mori L]. AB - The silkworm egg becomes bigger and more elongated as nymph growth temperature is increased. These effects vary with the egg's rank in the ovariole and are a morphological reflection of the existence of a gradient along the ovariole. PMID- 819177 TI - [Use of three species of crustacea as test animals for the toxicity of two salts of heavy metals]. AB - The utilization of marine amphipods Podocerus fulanus and Corophium acherusicum, and the marine isopod Paracerceis sculpta in heavy metal toxicity tests (Cd and Cu) demonstrated on the one hand, the value of these animals as tests subjects when exposed to various polluting agents and, on the other hand their tolerance to heavy metals in acute toxicity tests. PMID- 819178 TI - [Epidemiology and etiology of childhood hematosarcomas]. AB - Childhood tumours represents the second cause of death in socio-economically developed countries. Ethno-geographical variations in incidence of leukaemias and lymphosarcomas are presented, stressing the contrast between temperate and tropical areas, or between developed and developing countries. Exposure to chemical or biological agents during foetal life and the possible relation with childhood cancers, as well as the role of EBV in Burkitt's Lymphoma, are discussed. PMID- 819180 TI - A physiological approach to jaundice. AB - An understanding of the production, transport, hepatic uptake, biotransformation and excretion of bile pigments is necessary for the rational investigation of a patient presenting with jaundice. These aspects are reviewed, and at each step of bilirubin metabolism the clinical abnormalities giving rise to jaundice are indicated. PMID- 819179 TI - Pharmacological mechanisms for left ventricular unloading in clinical congestive heart failure. Differential effects of nitroprusside, phentolamine, and nitroglycerin on cardiac function and peripheral circulation. AB - We compared cardiocirculatory actions of the commonly employed systemic vasodilators, intravenous (iv) nitroprusside (NP), iv phentolamine (PH), and sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG), causing left ventricular (LV) unloading in 29 chronic coronary subjects with congestive failure to determine whether they produce disparate responses in LV function by different relaxing actions on systemic resistance and capacitance beds. Each drug equally lowered systemic arterial pressures to a small extent, whereas heart rate rose slightly with NTG. Cardiac catheterization showed a decline in end-diastolic pressure with NTG (19 to 8 mm Hg) which was greater (P less than 0.05) than with NP and PH (21 to 11). Cardiac index increased (P less than 0.05) during NP (2.68 to 2.93 liters/min per m2) and PH (2.60 to 3.02) but was unchanged (2.83) by NTG. Stroke work increased with PH, ejection fraction rose with NP and PH, and mean ejection rate increased with each, whereas pressure-time per minute fell and end-diastolic volume decreased with each agent. Total systemic vascular resistance declined (P less than 0.001) during NP and PH (1,475 to 1,200 dynes sec cm-5) but was unchanged (1,487) by NTG. Plethysmographically, forearm vascular resistance (FVR) decreased (P less than 0.01) with NP and PH (61.6 to 39.1 mm Hg/ml per 100 g/min) but not (52.4) by NTG. The decreases in venous tone (VT) with NTG (18.2 to 9.3 mm Hg/ml) and NP (18.5 to 9.8) were greater (P less than 0.05) than with PH (18.8 to 13.1) FVR/VT percent changes of 0.96, 1.62, and 0.53 with NP, PH, and NTG indicated balanced systemic arteriolovenous relaxation by iv NP, greater arteriolar dilation with iv PH, and predominant venous dilation by sublingual NTG. Thus, vasodilators produce disparate modifications of LV function by their differing alterations of preload and impedance, which are dependent upon relative extents of relaxation of systemic resistance and capacitance vessels characteristic of each agent as used clinically. PMID- 819182 TI - Levamisole: a synthetic immunopotentiator under evaluation. PMID- 819181 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism in the Maritimes, with special reference to maple syrup-urine disease and Fabry's disease. AB - 1. The study of inborn errors of metabolism in man is of wide, general relevance to human biology and medicine, because these derangements are unique human models for the study of the sequence of normal metabolic events and their dependence upon genetic control. These disorders constitute naturally occurring mutations in man; as such, they afford the same opportunity for major contributions to human biology that bacterial mutants provide for molecular biology. 2. In terms of human suffering and cost, to affected kindred and the community at large, the importance of inborn errors of metabolism is out of all proportion to their small numerical incidence. Therefore, efforts must be intensified to identify affected individuals and carriers and to formulate methods of prevention and treatment. 3. The overall study of inborn errors of metabolism is illustrated by experience with two such disorders in the Maritime provinces. PMID- 819183 TI - The value of the therapeutic intervention Scoring System in a Cancer Center Intensive Care Unit. PMID- 819184 TI - Enzymatic assay for methotrexate in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - We describe an assay for methotrexate in biological fluids. The assay is based on inhibition by methotrexate of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. The lower limit of sensitivity in serum is 2 X 10(-8) mol (about 10 mug) of methotrexate per liter. Within-run precision is +/- 5% (coefficient of variation) and day-to-day variation is 18%. Advantages of the assay are ease of manipulation, high sensitivity, and specificity. PMID- 819185 TI - Letter: Increased purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity in erythrocytes of gouty patients. PMID- 819186 TI - Immunochemical determination of human immunoglobulins with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We used an unmodified centrifugal analyzer (Aminco "Roto-Chem II") to measure human immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM in diluted sera, with diluted commercial monospecific antisera. Turbidimetric endpoint readings at 340 nm were taken at 4 min for IgG and 12 min for IgA and IgM, although multiple timed-interval readings were printed so that the kinetics of the reaction could be observed. Polyethylene glycol was used to enhance the antigen--antibody reaction. A wide range of concentrations can be measured: for IgG, 0.1--24 g/liter; for IgA and IgM, 50- 4000 mg/liter. Correlation with radial immunodiffusion and automated immunoprecipitin techniques was satisfactory. Precision, accuracy, linearity, and sensitivity were quite acceptable. Day-to-day precision ranged from 2.5% to 5.2%, depending on sample concentration. The technique is more precise than radial immunodiffusion, and is rapid, simple, and reliable. PMID- 819187 TI - Concurrent determination of total serum calcium and magnesium by thermometric titration with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. AB - Total serum calcium and magnesium may be determined in one thermometric titration, with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate as the titrant. A 1-ml serum sample is diluted with 1 ml of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 8) and titrated at a constant rate with a motorized syringe buret. Results by the thermometric method compared well with those by atomic absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 819188 TI - Quantitative determination of antigens in biological fluids by the antibody radial immunodiffusion method. Antigens in agar gel. AB - An antibody diffusion method is described for quantitative determination of antigens in biological fluids. It is a multiple radial immunodiffusion (MRD) method. The fluid is mixed with agar gel during the test and poured on to a plate of standard size and antisera are placed in circular reservoirs. On the same plate as many proteins can be determined as there are monospecific antisera available. The calibration curve is made by means of standard antigen solutions (normal human sera). There is no need to concentrate even biological fluids of low protein concentration (cerebrospinal fluid, urine etc.). The implementation of the process for various body fluids, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the method are described. PMID- 819190 TI - Intravenous feeding of the newborn. PMID- 819189 TI - Detection of the carrier state of Hurler's syndrome by assay of alpha-L iduronidase in leukocytes. AB - The mean specific activity of alph-L-iduronidase in leukocytes from six obligate heterozygotes for Hurler's syndrome was found to be slightly less than one-half of the mean in normal controls; no overlap of normal and known heterozygote values was encountered. The assay has been applied with success to six potential heterozygotes, siblings of a child with Hurler's syndrome. Thus heterozygote detection of Hurler's syndrome is clearly possible; this finding, as well as the ready availability of leukocytes for screening tests, recommends their use for examination of potential carrier status in this disorder. PMID- 819191 TI - Significance of HLA and blood-group incompatibility in spontaneous abortion. AB - The frequencies of antigen-incompatible matings within the HLA, Rhesus, Lutheran, MN, S. Lewis, Kell, P and Duffy systems were studied in 481 parents of karyotyped spontaneous abortuses. The results were compared with the calculated mating frequencies in control samples consisting of 1,197 (HLA) and 12,123 (the remaining eight systems) individuals, respectively. The only significant difference observed at the 5% level was an increased frequency of matins in which the mother was Lu (a+) and had a karyotypically abnormal abortus. It is concluded that antigen incompatibility between the parents within the nine systems studied is not important in the aetiology of early spontaneous abortion or causative in the origin of chromosome anomalies in the foetus. PMID- 819193 TI - Mechanisms of activation of complement by extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID- 819192 TI - Intestinal anaphylaxis in the rat as a model of food allergy. AB - An animal model of food allergy has been developed in which some aspects of the allergic response could be quantified and the effects of various drugs evaluated. The change in permeability of the intestinal tract of actively sensitized rats, after oral challenge with the sensitizing antigen, was the parameter measured. Rats were sensitized by injection of egg albumin and B. pertussis vaccine to induce reaginic antibody to egg albumin. Two weeks after sensitization, 125I labelled bovine serum albumin (125I-labelled BSA) was injected intravenously, followed by oral challenge with egg albumin. Pieces of intestinal tissue were obtained and the amount of 125I-labelled BSA determined in a gamma counter. The amount of 125I-labelled BSA in the intestinal tissue of sensitized and challenged rats regularly showed an increase of greater than 100% above values for control rats. PMID- 819194 TI - Diamine oxidase (histaminase) in chronic renal disease and its inhibition in vitro by methylguanidine. AB - The activity of plasma diamine oxidase (pyridoxal containing amine oxidase, histaminase, DAO), E. C. N. 1. 4. 3. 6., was found to be normal in 14 patients with chronic renal disease of different origins. However, after administration of heparin (200 IU/kg body weight, i.v.), the release of the enzyme into the plasma of the patients was markedly decreased when compared to that found in a group of 8 healthy volunteers. In patients with chronic renal failure the plasma concentration of pyridoxalphosphate, the coenzyme of DAO, was found to be significantly decreased. Furthermore methylguanidine, which is thought to be an important uremic toxin, was shown to be a potent non-competitive inhibitor of DAO in vitro (Ki5 X 10(5) M). The organ concentrations of methylguanidine are thought to correspond with the Ki value detected, as distribution studies using the tritiated toxin revealed organ accumulation up to five times the plasma level. Therefore, the decrease of DAO release after heparin stimulation in patients with chronic renal failure may be explained, in part, by inhibition of the enzyme as well as by a decreased coenzyme level. The results suggest that disturbed histamine metabolism may be involved in the production of some of the clinical symptoms commonly associated with chronic renal failure. PMID- 819196 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in anuric children. AB - Six children who were anuric, intolerant of oral nutrition and depleted of body protein, were treated with total parenteral nutrition. Nitrogen utilization was studied during infusion of dextrose alone and dextrose with essential amino acids. An increase in non-protein (glucose) calories from 20 to 70 kcal/kg/day progressively reduced body protein catabolism; nitrogen balance became less negative. When essential amino nitrogen was added, net urea production decreased; protein nitrogen balance became positive. It is concluded that total parenteral nutrition with essential amino acids improves the nutritional status of severely ill, anuric children, and may influence recovery. PMID- 819195 TI - 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in hemodialysis renal osteodystrophy. Adverse effects of anticonvulsant therapy. AB - Two regular hemodialysis patients were assessed before, during and after therapy for 8 1/2 months with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alphaOHD3). The first patient (F.S.), treated with 2 mug daily, improved considerably with complete resolution of histological osteomalacia (O.M.), reduction in osteitis fibrosa (O.F.) and healing of Looser zones. The second patient (T.Y.), who was treated at the same time with a combination of phenobarbitone and phenytoin, showed no improvement while taking 3 mug of 1alphaOHD3 daily. It is suggested that hepatic microsomal enzyme inducing drugs antagonize the action of 1alphaOHD3 by interfering with its subsequent hepatic 25-hydroxylation. PMID- 819197 TI - Developmental humerus varus. AB - Humerus varus, the upper extremity analogue of coxa vara, may be found in association with, and probably as a consequence of hematologic, infectious metabolic, genetic and neurologic disorders. No matter what the etiology, there is a similar pattern of development and progression of the deformity. The medial region of the proximal humeral physis either develops slowly or failed to develop, while the lateral region develops more rapidly, causing varus rotation of the proximal humeral epiphysis and physis. In the more extreme cases, the lateral region of the growth plate is almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. In many cases there is a medial lucency, adjacent bony epiphyseodesis, and significant shortening of the humerus. Although abduction is usually decreased, major functional impairment is unusual even in the dominant arm. PMID- 819198 TI - What is the best time of day to schedule a bone graft operation? AB - The circadian control of bone and cartilage induction in calcified, surface decalcified and cryolytic allografts implanted heterotopically (im) or in fibular osteotomy sites was assessed in rats entrained in a 12/12 hour light cycle (photoperiod = 0800-2000 hr): heterotopic grafting was performed at intervals of 4 hours within a 24-hour period, and the animals were sacrificed 3-4 weeks after grafting. Interstitial chondrification (induction) in the vascular spaces of heterotopic decalcified bone allograft matrix was significantly greater in implants performed during the day (0800-1600 hr). This response (85Sr-retention, histiometry) was heightened in animals treated with cortisone at 1600-2000 hours, suggesting that the inductive rhythms may be associated with circadian fluctuations in the immune responsivity of the host animals to antigenic challenge. Bony union was more prevalent in osteotomy implants made at 0400-0600 hour (night) than at 1600-1800 hr (day), irrespective of graft type. The incidence of clinical non-union was 50-60 per cent greater during the day when autologous or surface decalcified allograft bone was used, and about 25 per cent greater during the day with fresh allograft bone. The differences in implant success may relate to the circadian shifts in the relative size of the pool of progenitor cells in the connective tissue bed surrounding the graft at the time of transplant surgery, and to the ability of trauma to act as an osteogenic stimulus. PMID- 819199 TI - The problem of trisomy 22. A case report and a discussion of the variant forms. AB - A case of trisomy 22 with partial long arm deletion (47, +22 q-) studied by G banding is presented. The patient, a five-month-old male, showed failure to thrive, delayed psychomotor development, large, low-set ears, mild micrognathia, atrial septal defect, and marked muscular hypotonia. The father's karyotype was normal. The mother's karyotype was 46 XX, but one of the no22 chromosomes showed a deletion of the long arm as seen in the proband's karyotype. A comparison with previously reported cases in the literature indicates a great variability of clinical features of trisomy 22: "classical form," cat eye syndrome, and abortive cases (as this reported case). PMID- 819200 TI - High-dose effects in the treatment of carcinoma of the bladder under air and hyperbaric oxygen conditions. AB - Twenty-seven patients with carcinoma of the bladder were treated at the Glasgow Institute of Radiotherapeutics as part of a national hyperbaric oxygen trial. These patients were treated on a 4 MeV linear accelerator either in air or in 3 atm, absolute, of oxygen, by random selection. Of these patients, one-third were found to have high-dose effects to an extent which necessitated surgery. No association was found between the incidence of high-dose effects and treatment in air or hyperbaric oxygen. The treatment protocol used in all cases was to give an intended modal tumour dose of 6000 rad in 24 fractions in approximately 5 weeks. As all patients had received the same modal dose, there was no apparent reason why some had developed high-dose effects. However, on the basis of a Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE) analysis of the treatment regimes given, a close correlation was found between the maximum CRE achieved and the occurrence of high dose effects. Above a threshold level of 1910 reu in the maximum CRE achieved, there was a high incidence and rapid onset of high-dose effects. The reasons for the occurrence of the exceptionally high CRE values found in some patients are discussed. From a review of clinical results of bladder treatments, it is apparent that at a CRE level of 1910 reu, the tumour control rate is still increasing with CRE. It is proposed that by choosing the dose given on any treatment schedule to keep the maximum value of the CRE achieved just below 1910 reu, the greatest probability of cure would be obtained with minimum complication rate. PMID- 819201 TI - [Glibenclamide-phenformin combination in the treatment of diabetes in adults]. PMID- 819202 TI - [Use of peripheral vasodilator drug in peripheral and cerebrovascular syndromes of old age]. PMID- 819203 TI - [Metabolic control and insulin secretion in diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide-phenformin combination]. PMID- 819204 TI - Vinylidene chloride: a review of the literature. PMID- 819205 TI - The carrott and the stick: inducing local programs to serve long-term patients. AB - Both financial and philosophical considerations have led to the dramatic shift in California of long-term patients from state hospitals to the community. Unfortunately local mental health programs frequently give low priority to the severely and chronically mentally ill. The state chose not only to engage in the wholesale discharge of patients from state hospitals but also to provide a number of financial inducements and penalties to motivate local programs to serve these patients. Although there have been many problems, local programs have developed a wide range of community treatment and rehabilitation programs for long-term patients. PMID- 819206 TI - Activity of purine phosphoribosyltransferases and of two enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in erythrocytes of ten mammalian species. PMID- 819207 TI - Relationships between wild sheep and goats and the aoudad (Caprini) studied by immunodiffusion. PMID- 819208 TI - Uridine, phenylalanine and glucosamine incorporation into Tetrahymena pyriformis grown in a defined media and in threonine deficient media. PMID- 819209 TI - Hemagglutinins in the mucus of Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. PMID- 819210 TI - Basic, proline-rich glycoproteins in the submandibular gland secretion of the Cercopithecus aethiops. PMID- 819211 TI - The effect of various dosages of lynestrenol on the plasma levels of oestrogens and progesterone during the menstrual cycle in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 819212 TI - Physical studies on DNA from "primitive" eucaryotes. PMID- 819213 TI - Fluid resuscitation following injury: rationale for the use of balanced salt solutions. AB - Initial fluid management of the injured patient involves replacement of fluid lost incident to the trauma as well as prompt recognition and treatment of shock. Prompt fluid replacement based on these concepts will result in a reduction in mortality and prevention of many complications resulting from prolonged inadequate tissue perfusion. In this discussion, an attempt will be made to facilitate this approach by: (1) discussing these fluid changes; (2) presenting a clinically applicable classification of shock; and (3) outlining a rational approach to the early treatment of hemorrhagic shock, the most frequent form of shock occurring early after injury. PMID- 819214 TI - Results of long-term preservation of mycobacteria by means of freeze-drying. PMID- 819216 TI - Sulfacytine vs. sulfisoxazole for urinary tract infections in an obstetric gynecologic population. PMID- 819218 TI - Anorectic effectiveness of differing dosage forms of fenfluramine. PMID- 819217 TI - Double-blind comparison of cephradine and cephalexin in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 819215 TI - Treatment of premenstrual tension with metolazone: a double-blind evaluation of a new diuretic. PMID- 819219 TI - A trial of total dose infusion iron therapy as an outpatient procedure in rural Iranian villages ( a three month follow-up). PMID- 819221 TI - Reassessment of contrast agent for coronary angiography. PMID- 819220 TI - Lack of effect of low doses of prazosin in hypertensive Nigerians. PMID- 819223 TI - Loxapine succinate: a comparative study with chlorpromazine. PMID- 819222 TI - Loxapine succinate: a double-blind comparison with haloperidol and placebo in acute schizophrenics. PMID- 819224 TI - Effect of food and liquid on the pharmacokinetics of propoxyphene. PMID- 819225 TI - Letter: Endocarditis of aortic valvular prosthesis due to Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 819226 TI - Letter: Effectiveness of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin in relieving angina pectoris. PMID- 819228 TI - Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide in chronic bronchitis and prevention of common colds. PMID- 819227 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate and chronic asthma. The effect of long-term aerosol administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after substitution for oral therapy with corticosteroids. AB - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol at a dose of 100 mug four times a day was administered to 32 patients suffering from chronic perennial asthma. Twenty-three of these patients had previously received prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, causing various degrees of adrenal suppression in some patients. Almost complete recovery of adrenal function was observed within a period of six months in most patients. Treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate did not affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the other nine asthmatic patients who had not received prolonged corticosteroid therapy previously and who served as a control group. PMID- 819229 TI - Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of esophageal cancer under rural conditions. PMID- 819230 TI - Transumbilical vein hepatography in primary hepatic carcinoma. Roentgen appearance. PMID- 819231 TI - Peking-type applicators in intracavitary treatment of uterine cervix carcinoma. Long-term results of 2,131 cases treated in one hospital 1959-1966. PMID- 819232 TI - An analysis of rheoencephalography in 322 normal adults. PMID- 819234 TI - Persist in open-door scientific research. PMID- 819233 TI - Upholding dictatorship of the proletariat and deepening the revolution in health work. PMID- 819235 TI - Pharmacologic study and clinical observations on muscle relaxant han chi sung. PMID- 819237 TI - [Is maltose fitting for parenteral feeding in man?]. PMID- 819236 TI - Volvulus of the sigmoid colon in Brazil: a report of 230 cases. AB - Etiologic and physiopathologic aspects of volvulus of the sigmoid colon in Brazil are presented. It is believed that sigmoidal volvulus in Brazil is a frequent complication of megacolon caused by Chagas' disease, differing in some characteristics from volvulus found in other countries. A review of 230 cases treated between 1938 and 1974 in the Surgical Department of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, is presented. The successive variations used to treat this disease occurred parallel to those introduced in the surgical treatment of uncomplicated megacolon. From the results, the following treatment is recommended: endoscopic emptying in cases without clinical, roentgenographic or endoscopic signs of intestinal ischemia. Laparotomy should be performed when a complicated volvulus is suspected or when it is not possible to empty the loop. When a simple volvulus is found, the loop should be untwisted and the gaseous contents siphoned off by menas of a rectal catheter. When there is necrosis of the colon, the Hartmann operation is recommended. It is important to submit patients to a definitive treatment of the megacolon soon after endoscopic emptying or surgical detorsion of the volvulus, since recurrences following these measures are frequent. PMID- 819238 TI - [Coronary arteriography in patients with Prinzmetal's angina associated with ST elevations (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1000 patients with coronary heart disease studied at rest and on exercise and by coronary arteriography, 17 had ST elevations during the anginal episodes. ST changes during exercise occurred in 16 patients, 12 of whom had spontaneous angina. One patient had ST changes only during spontaneous attacks at rest. Critical proximal lesions in the descending branch of the left anterior coronary artery were revealed by coronary arteriography in all 17 patients. Biplane ventricular cine-angiography revealed slight abnormalities in 12, normal pattern in the other five. It is thought that ST elevation during anginal attacks is caused by severe transmural ischaemia. Spontaneous attacks are thought to be due to additional functional narrowing, probably resulting from an increased vascular tone within the area of obstruction. PMID- 819239 TI - [Possibilities of preserving ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 819240 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 819241 TI - [New fluorescent microscopical technique in diagnostic microbiology (author's transl)]. AB - The practicability of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in the fluorescent microscopical demonstration of bacterial and other cellular structures for medical diagnostic purposes was investigated. Polar bodies in diphtheria bacilli and spores of spore-forming bacteria showed up well. The demonstration of phagocytosed bacteria in urinary sediment and the morphology of human spermatozoa are particularly impressive. Noteworthy advantages of DAPI are its stability (no bleaching of stained preparations), its use in minute quantities, rapid staining (within minutes), and simplicity of use. PMID- 819242 TI - Management of the young diabetic in general practice. AB - The doctor and both parents should share a complete understanding of the principles of optimal control of a child's diabetes. The most realistic aim of management is to achieve near normal blood glucose concentrations in the few hours before meals rather than in the post-absorptive period. Initial stabilisation and training of the young diabetic is usually best-carried out in a hospital. However, day-to-day problems encountered by the established diabetic will present to the family doctor for management. Occasional review of the diabetic state, encouragement, and an attempt to solve the day-to-day problems of diabetes will usually allow a diabetic youngster to grow up with confidence and good health. PMID- 819243 TI - [Ethology]. AB - Ethology is defined as comparative study of Behaviours. The proceeding for a human ethology would consist in watching the psychopathologic phenomenon, as a natural happening, without modifying it by observer's presence. Then, in analysing this fact according to methods suggested from physiology. Ethological observation reveals a psychopathological fact about little chimpanzees in maternal deficiency: disturbance in directions for using the world and understanding rituals of communication. The experimental analysis of the fact puts forward notions of anxiolytic power of mother's bodily touch, during a fertile period of S.N.C. maturation. This leak produces in grown-up, emotional disturbances with exploration activities directed to his own body. But the group offers maternal substitute possibility in bringing an available satisfaction to the psychophysiological exigences. Chiefly, the ethological proceeding applied to the little Human leads to comparable conclusions, opening perhaps, experimental era of psychology of the Unconscious. PMID- 819244 TI - [The epileptic heredity in several comitial children]. AB - For most authors, hereditary epilepsy is restricted to a certain number of neuropsychiatric diseases liable to be transmitted and associated to epileptic seizures : such as the progressive epilepsy myoclonia of Ramsay-Hunt, or some neuroectodermoses (Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis). But those diseases are quite rare compared to the majority of the epileptic population we meet everyday. Yet it seems to us that there is a genetic predisposition in some patients suffering from epilepsy, generalized from the start, called idiopathic epilepsy (grand mal, petit mal, massive myoclonias), where no cerebral lesion can be found. For this research, we have undertaken the study of two families, one with three children, the other with two homozygous twins. All the children were suffering from clinical epilepsy. The altered state of the E.E.G. of the parents who do not have obvious apparent epileptic seizures, confirms the genetic role of certain idiopathic epilepsies. A study of bibliography accompanies the topic of this presentation. PMID- 819245 TI - Stimulating and inhibiting effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone release in rats. AB - The effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the mechanism regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion was investigated in urethane-anesthetized male rats. The iv injection of TRH (0.2 and 3 mug/100 g BW) caused a significant and dose-related increase in plasma GH. Greater GH responses to TRH were not obtained with doses of TRH larger than 5 mug/100 g BW. TRH injection also raised plasma GH in rats subjected to hypothalamic ablation, in which the maximum increments of plasma GH after TRH injection were greater than in control rats. Plasma GH responses to the iv injection of chlorpromazine (200 mug/100 g BW) were significantly augmented by the concomitant iv injection of TRH in a dose of 3 mug/100 g BW. However, a large dose of TRH (25 mug/100 g BW) injected with chlorpromazine caused a significantly smaller increase in plasma GH than did smaller doses of TRH (0.2 and 3 mug/100 g BW). TRH injection into the lateral ventricle (0.02 and 0.2 mug/100 g BW) inhibited significantly the GH release induced by chlorpromazine, whereas TRH (0.2 mug/100 g BW) alone caused only a slight increase in plasma GH. These results suggest that TRH may not only stimulate GH release by a direct action on the pituitary, but may also modify GH secretion by acting through the central nervous system. PMID- 819246 TI - The effects of ovariectomy, estrogen replacement, and neuraminidase treatment on the properties of the adenohypophysial glycoprotein hormones of the Rhesus monkey. AB - A comparison of pituitary extracts from intact and ovariectomized monkeys revealed that, like FSH, LH from ovariectomized animals is larger in average apparent molecular size and disappears from the circulation of test rats less rapidly than does LH from intact females. In contrast, ovariectomy had no effect on the apparent molecular size of TSH nor on its disappearance rate following injection into test rats. Reversal of the effect of ovariectomy on the molecular size of both LH and FSH was achieved by the chronic administration of estradiol. The differences in apparent molecular size of gonadotropins from intact and ovariectomized monkeys were either reduced or abolished by digestion with the enzyme neuraminidase. These findings suggest that the qualitative changes in the gonadotropins consequent to ovariectomy represent a specific response to the removal of estrogen and are consonant with the view that this phenomenon involves changes in the sialic acid content of the gonadotropins. PMID- 819247 TI - Qualitative changes in the pituitary gonadotropins of the male Rhesus monkey following castration. AB - Characterization of pituitary LH and FSH from intact and castrated male monkeys showed that gonadotropins from intact males are smaller in average apparent molecular size, and disappear from the circulation of test rats more rapidly than hormones from castrated males. Furthermore, intact male monkey LH and FSH are smaller and are cleared from the rat circulation faster than the gonadotropins from intact female monkeys. We conclude that 1) in the rhesus monkey changes in the properties of pituitary LH and FSH resulting from orchidectomy are similar to those which follow ovariectomy, 2) the response to gonadectomy of the male monkey with regard to the molecular properties of FSH is opposite to that of the male rat, and 3) the relationship between the influence of male and female sex hormones on the apparent molecular size of FSH in the monkey is the reverse of that in the rat. PMID- 819248 TI - Increase in basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) by passive immunization with antiserum to somatostatin in rats. AB - Passive immunization of rats with an antiserum to synthetic somatostatin caused a 250% elevation of basal serum TSH levels and a nearly 200% increase in TSH response to TRH. These findings strongly support the concept that pituitary thyrotrophs are regulated by endogenous somatostatin as well as by TRH and thyroid hormones. Serum GH levels in the antiserum-treated rats were considerably higher than those in rats which received normal serum. No clearcut influence on prolactin secretion was observed. PMID- 819249 TI - Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in Rhesus monkey plasma. AB - Using a new antiserum, an enzymatic radioiodination of arginine vasopressin (AVP), and the methodology of Robertson et al. (1,2), we have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for plasma AVP in the monkey. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.5 muU/ml, the cross reaction with oxytocin (OT), minimal. We used this assay to study the effects that variations in blood osmolality have in regulating AVP secretion in unanesthetized, chair-restrained, chamber-isolated, adult female rhesus monkeys. Under water ad lib conditions, plasma AVP and osmolality were relatively constant, averaging 1.7 +/- 0.6 (SD) muU/ml and 298 +/- 3 mosmol/kg, respectively. Water loading decreased plasma AVP and osmolality to 0.6 +/- 0.2 muU/ml and 282 +/- 6 mosmol/kg, respectively. When fluid restriction increased osmolality, plasma AVP rose progressively to twice the baseline after 1 day, and to 6 times the baseline after 3 days. The rise in plasma AVP was linearly correlated with the rise in osmolality (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001). Intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline produced significant rises in plasma osmolality and plasma AVP. There was a dose-related rise in plasma AVP that declined later at the expected rate with the infusion of physiological amounts of synthetic AVP. PMID- 819250 TI - Serum and pituitary TSH and response to TRH in developing male and female rats. AB - Serum and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats from 21 through 80 days of age. In males, serum TSH levels increased progressively from days 30 through 50, and were found to be lower on days 60, 70, and 80. In females, serum TSH levels were elevated on days 40 and 50, compared with day 30, but declined on days 60-80. A sex difference in serum TSH levels, with those of the male higher than those of the female, appeared by day 30 and was maintained through day 80. The anterior pituitary (AP) content of TSH in males increased from days 21 through 50 and remained constant through day 80; in females the AP content increased between days 25 and 60 and remained constant through day 80. In males, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced a significant elevation in serum TSH at all ages tested, but was less effective in increasing serum TSH on day 25 than on days 15 or 40 or in 3-4-month-old rats. The response to TRH appeared to be sustained longer in adults than in all other age groups. These observations indicate that serum TSH levels increase in both male and female rats at about the time of puberty and then decline, and that changes in the response to TRH may account in part for the increase in serum TSH levels during development. PMID- 819251 TI - Effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on rat growth hormone release induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The effect of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was investigated in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats under urethane anesthesia. In euthyroid control rats, intravenous injection of TRH (200 ng/100 g BW) resulted in a significant increase in both plasma GH and TSH. In rats made hypothyroid by treatment with propylthiouracil or by thyroidectomy, basal GH and TSH levels were significantly elevated with exaggerated responses to TRH. In contrast, plasma GH and TSH responses to TRH were both significantly inhibited in rats made hyperthyroid by L-thyroxine (T4) treatment. These results suggest that altered thyroid status influences GH release as well as TSH secretion induced by TRH in rats. PMID- 819252 TI - Dissociation of prolactin-releasing activity from thyrotropin-releasing hormone in porcine stalk median eminence. AB - The prolactin (PRL)-releasing activity of porcine stalk median eminence (pSME) was characterized by an in vivo bioassay and concomitant radioi-munoassay of plasma PRL and thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Methanol extracts of pSME stimulated PRL release in 3-day estrogen-primed rats when administered by the intracarotid route in doses ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 pSME equivalents. Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated the release of PRL and TSH in the dose range of 10 to 300 ng. PRL release was greater in response to a maximally effective dose of pSME than the release elicited by a maximal dose of TRH, and pSME administered together with a greater than mazimally effective dose of TRH caused additional PRL but not TSH secretion. Lysine vasopressin and prostaglandin E1 and E2 stimulated PRL release only at doses several orders of magnitude greater than the dose present in pSME. Somatostatin inhibited the release of TSH but not that of PRL whether the stimulus employed was pSME or TRH. The effective inhibitory dose of somatostatin was also significantly greater than the reported hypothalamic content. When pSME was subjected to incubation with plasma, a treatment reported to inactivate TRH, TSH-releasing activity was destroyed to a greater extent than was PRL-releasing activity. When pSME was adsorbed onto charcoal, the supernatant solution was devoid of TRH, as determined by complete removal of a [3H]TRH marker, yet substantial PRL-releasing activity was retained. TSH-releasing activity eluted from the charcoal with methanol was considerably greater than that expected on the basis of the recovery of [3H]TRH, suggesting the presence in the crude extract of a TSH-release inhibitor or of a TSH releasing factor other than TRH. Based on the above evidence, we conclude that crude pSME contains PRL-releasing substance(s) distinct from the tripeptide TRH. PMID- 819253 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence that luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are present in the same cell type in the rhesus monkey pituitary gland. AB - Antisera to oLHbeta subunits were used to identify the gonadotrophic cells in partes distalis and tuberalis of the rhesus monkey pituitary gland. The same cell type in pituitary glands obtained from male and female rhesus monkeys stained with both antisera. Immunocytochemical staining was observed in PAS positive cells that were randomly dispersed throughout the entire pars distalis. The gonadotrophs did not react with antisera to either hTSHbeta or oACTH. These observations indicate that only one gonadotrophic cell type is present in the primate pituitary gland. PMID- 819254 TI - Increase of serum GH concentration following TRH injection in patients with primary hypothyroidism. AB - The effect of TRH administration on serum GH was studied in 6 normal subjects, 13 patients with primary hypothroidism and 6 thyrotoxic subjects. Although no appreciable changes of serum GH were noted in the normal subjects, TRH administration provoked an increase of serum GH in 6 out of 13 patients with primary hypothyroidism. Serum GH levels in response to TRH administration were decreased in patients who were euthyroid following treatment with a preparation of desiccated thyroid. In patients with hyperthroidism, no significant response of serum GH was observed at 30 or 60 min after TRH administration. Some of the patients with hyperthyroidism showed a slight increase in serum GH at 120 min after TRH injection. These results suggest that hypothalamo-pituitary function regulating GH secretion is altered in patients with primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 819255 TI - Clinical value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in predicting mild hypothyroid state in chronic thyroiditis. AB - In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the TRH stimulation test in predicting premyxedematous state in chronic thyroiditis, serum TSH response to the i. v. injection of TRH was determined in 58 patients with chronic thyroiditis proven by needle or open biopsy. TSH radioimmunoassay was done by a double antibody technique, and the degree and pattern of TSH response were assessed based on our criteria established by the results obtained from 9 normal controls. According to Woolner's classification, 35 cases were diagnosed as diffuse type. 19 cases as focal type and 4 cases as hyperplastic. The basal levels of TSH were above the normal range in 71.4% of diffuse thyroiditis, whereas 36.8% of the patients with focal thyroiditis had an abnormally high basal TSH level. Responses of serum TSH to TRH was exaggerated in 67.1% of all patients; 80.0% in diffuse type and 47.4% in focal type. Concerning TSH response curve, 15 patients were judged as "prolonged", and 8 patients as "delayed" response. No weak responder in the TRH test was found in patients with high basal TSH level, 91% of whom had an exaggerated response. Serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine inversely correlated with basal, maximal TSH levels (p less than 0.01) and increment of TSH (delta TSH) after TRH injection (p less than 0.01). Thyroidal uptake of I131 also inversely correlated with basal TSH level (p less than 0.05) but not with maximal TSH and delta TSH. From the fact that an elevation of basal TSH level and its hyperresponsiveness to TRH administration develop in a much more exaggerated fashion compared to the changes in other parameters of thyroid function, it was concluded that TRH test provides a useful rationale for the early diagnosis of premyxedema in chronic thyroiditis. PMID- 819256 TI - [The pulsatile LH fluctuation (spiking) dependent on the circulating prolactin. Studies during physiological (puerperium), functional pathological and TRH induced hyperprolactinemia]. AB - The magnitude and frequency of episodic LH-fluctuations have been observed to change during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. A hypothalamic control center appears to be responsible for these variations. Disturbances of the hypothalamus often make themselves known through a lack of LH-episodes. Ahypothalamic derangement in women with functional amenorrhoea can result in a disregulation of gonadotropins as well as prolactin, thereby leading to hyperprolactinemia. One finds an inverse relationship between high prolactin secretion and cessation of or decreased pulsatile LH-secretion (spiking). LH spiking was tested in physiological post partum, functional pathological and TRH induced hyperprolactinemias. No LH-episodes were observed post partum after the end of HCG clearance although prolactin had returned to normal levels at 12 days p.p. The mode of LH-secretion in a group of functionally amenorrhoic patients was changed by a TRH-induced prolactin increase: the previously observed LH-spikes in these women could no longer be seen. Normal cycling women, however, were not affected. In patients with hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndromes, prolactin suppressed LH-fluctuations reappeared after administration of 2-Bromo-alpha ergocryptin. The inhibitory influence of hyperprolactinemia on the function of the gonadostat will be discussed. High plasma prolactin levels influence the cyclic and tonic hypothalamic function. Furthermore, prolactin appears to have a peripheral inhibitory influence on ovarian gonadotropin stimulation. Post partum anovulation and amenorrhoea can be caused by an antigonadotropic and antigonadic effect of prolactin. PMID- 819258 TI - [Electronmicroscopic studies of the island of Langerhans of the rat pancreas after oral application of glibenclamide]. AB - The morphological alterations of B-cells of pancreatic islets from rats were investigated 2, 8 and 24 h after a peroral application of glibenclamide. All cell organelles showed signs of activation, as enlargement of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, increased number of mitochondriae and degranulation. These changes could be observed partly 2 h after glibenclamide, but the drastical alterations were found 24 h after application of the sulfonylurea. PMID- 819257 TI - [TRH stimulation as an attempt at demonstration of the induction and involution of prolactin-secreting pituitary cells in pregnancy and puerperium and in pathological hyperprolactinemia]. AB - The present paper discusses the relationship between functional hypertrophia or hyperplasia of the prolactin secreting cells in the pituitary and actual pituitary prolactin reserves in pregnant and post partum women. 35 randomly selected post partum patients from the 3rd to 12th day p.p. and 14 women in their 11th to 14th weeks of pregnancy volunteered to undergo a standard TRH-test. The control group consisted of 60 normoprolactinemic patients. Eleven pathologically hyperprolactinemic patients were compared to the normoprolactinemic and physiologically hyperprolactinemic groups. In all cases, plasma prolactin showed a linear decrease from the 3rd to 12th days post partum. The TRH induced increase became correspondingly greater as the basal prolactin levels decreased, i.e. an inverse relationship between these two parameters was seen. The TRH-induced increase was also always greater than the increase caused by suckling. A connection between prolactin and parity was not found. The inverse relationship between basal prolactin levels and the actual reserves which could be released by TRH stimulation can be explained in that there are two regulatory systems for prolactin. The estrogens stimulate basal prolactin and inhibit prolactin reserves. The actual prolactin reserve is, on the one hand, directly dependent on the degree of endogenous neurohormonal stimulation and, on the other hand, indirectly dependent on the endogenous estrogens through a feedback mechanism. The TRH-stimulation test is not suitable for determining a functional hypertrophia or hyperplasia of lactotropic pituitary cells. PMID- 819259 TI - A presumptive subunit of elastic fiber microfibrils secreted by arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Monkey smooth cells, maintained for five weeks in confluent cultures, accumulated a substantial extracellular matrix. Elastic fibers possessing the characteristic amorphous elastin component and 11 nm diameter microfibrils could be isolated from this matrix by extraction with 5 M guanidine. Further extraction under reducing conditions selectively removed the microfibrillar component. Gel electrophoresis of this extract in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate revealed a single protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 270000. The amino acid composition of this presumptive subunit of the microfibrillar protein was rich in acidic and hydrophilic amino acids and distinctly different from that of collagen or elastin. When smooth muscle cell cultures were incubated with labeled cystine, the predominant labeled protein in the culture medium also had a molecular weight of 270000. This labeled protein comigrated with a major protein band and could be partially purified by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on agarose. It shared manu of the properites of the presumptive microfibrillar protein. PMID- 819260 TI - Studies on the control of development. Correlation of initiucleotides in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Unusual highly phosphorylated nucleotides are found in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. Adenosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate, ppApp (highly phosphorylated nucleotide I), and adenosine 3(2')-dephosphate 5'-triphosphate, pppApp (highllls are starved for carbon and nitrogen sources. These nucleotides are correlated with sporulation because only ribosomes from sporulating but not vegetative cells are able to synthesize ppApp and pppApp in vitro. Two other nucleotides, adenosine 3'(2')-triphosphate 5'-triphosphate, pppAppp (highly phosphorylated nucleotide IV), and a nucleotide with a tentative structure of ppZpUp (highly phosphorylated nucleotide III), where Z is an undetermined sugar, also seem to be involved in regulation of sporulation, especially initiation of sporulation. Sporulation can be initiated even in the presence of amino acids, salts, vitamins etc. in logarithmically growing or stationary-phase cells when carbon sources, i.g. glucose, are used up or artifically removed from the medium. A drastic increase in spore titer is observed 4--5 h later. Also, carbon starvation causes accumulation of the highly phosphorylated nucleotides pppAppp and ppZpUp. On the other hand, sporulation is prevented under the same conditions when excess glucose is maintained in the medium. Correlated with this inhibition of sporulation is the inhibition of formation of highly phosphorylated nucleotides, pppAppp and ppZpUp. Since synthesis of these nucleotides is closely related to sporulation, we anticipate that these substances can cause initiation of development in B. subtilis. Further evidence for our hypothesis on initiation of sporulation by highly phosphorylated nucleotides is that phosphate starvation also causes sporulation with prior accumulation of pppAppp and ppZpUp. Apparently, as long as phosphate is present to synthesize phosphorylated metabolites of glucose, formation of highly phosphorylated nucleotides is repressed. Derepression occurs when either lack of glucose or phosphate or both prevents synthesis of phosphorylated metabolites of glucose allowing synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides. These nucleotides, representing the signal 'lack of glucose or phosphate', then somehow cause changes in gene activity, initiating the complex process of sporulation. Whether or not pppAppp alone or together wtih ppZpUp or even further substances (nucleotides, proteins etc.) is necessary for the above described processes will be answered with the help of suitable mutants lacking the ability to synthesize either one or both regulatory nucleotides. Guanosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate, ppGpp, and guanosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate, pppGpp, are not involved in regulation of devlopment as is shown by using a normally sporulating mutant of B. subtilis, unable to synthesize these nucleotides. PMID- 819261 TI - Lactose synthetase. The isolation and characterisation of the protein-protein complex. AB - Galactosyl transferase and alpha-lactalbumin were concurrently isolated from bovine milk. The galactosyl transferase had an S20,w of 3.0 S and D20,w of 60 mum2/s. It exists as a monomer of 46000 molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium and dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Aggregation of the enzyme was promoted by N-acetylglucosamine. Sedimentation velocity experiments show an association between galactosyl transferase and alpha lactalbumin in the presence of N-acetylglucosamine. In contrast, UDP-galactose, UDP or lactose do not promote protein-protein association. A complex between galactosyl transferase and alpha-lactalbumin was isolated by gel filtration in the presence of excess alpha-lactalbumin and either N-acetylglucosamine or glucose. The complex was stable over a range of concentrations of these components. The complex is a discrete homogeneous entity with a molecular weight of 60000, corresponding to one molecule of galactosyl transferase and one molecule of alpha-lactalbumin. The estimated association constants for the ternary complexes of the two proteins and either of the sugars, suggest that alpha-lactalbumin enhances equally the binding of N-acetylglucosamine or glucose to the galactosyl transferase. PMID- 819262 TI - Role of calcium ions in the thermostability of thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus neutral protease. AB - The stabilizing effect of calcium ions on thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus neutral protease has been investigated. Calcium and zinc ions were removed from the proteases by gel filtration over Sephadex G-25 equilibrated with metal chelating agents. Using these enzymes with different metal content, heat inactivation kinetics were studied at various temperatures. Removal of calcium ions caused a sharp decrease in thermostability and diminished the values of the activation enthalpy (deltaH*) and entropy (deltaS*) for heat inactivation. There was little difference in stability between thermolysin containing 0.3 g atom/mol and B. subtilis neutral protease containing 1.4 g-atoms/mol. Calcium binding isotherms of the proteases were obtained by equilibrium gel chromatography with various concentrations of free calcium ions. Thermolysin had four independent calcium binding sites with an identical intrinsic binding constant (K) of 2.0 X 10(4) M-1. B. subtilis neutral protease had four independent sites. The K value for three sites was 1.1 X 10(5) M-1 and the binding constant for the other site was 1.5 X 10(3) M-1. There was little difference in total free energy change for calcium binding between these proteases. From these results it is concluded that the stabilizing effect of calcium on these enzymes is almost equal, and the extra thermal stability of thermolysin is likely to come from its polypeptide chain structure. PMID- 819263 TI - Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat-liver microsomes. Separation and some properties of different hydroxylases active on free and sulphoconjugated steroids. AB - Cytochrome P-450 from male and female rate liver microsomes has been solubilized with sodium deoxycholate, precipitated with ammonium sulphate and separated in the presence of deoxycholate into ten different fractions on a DEAE-cellulose column eluted with a stepwise gradient of KCL. Each fraction was characterized with respect to its ability to catalyze different hydroxylation reactions of free and disulphurylated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17 beta-diol, using a reconstituted system. All hydroxylases active on 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17 beta-diaol (i.e. the 2alpha-, 2beta-, 7alpha-, 7beta-, 12beta-, 15alpha-, 16alpha- and 18 hydroxylases) and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol 3,17-disulphate (i.e. the 15beta-hydroxylase) were solubilized with cholate. However, the 2beta- and 18 hydroxylases were partially inactivated when cholate was added to intact microsomes and these were also the only hydroxylase activities that could not be detected in reconstitution experiments with lipid, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and the cytochrome P-450 fractions recovered after DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Using microsomal preparations from male rat liver it was possible to obtain a partial separation of the 2alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxylases from the 12beta-, 15alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases and also from the 7beta-hydroxylase. With preparations from female rat livers the l5beta was well separated from the 2alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxylases. The specific activities of the partially separated 2alpha-, 7alpha-, 7beta-, 12beta-, 15alpha- and 16alpha-hydroxylases calculated per nmol of cytochrome P-450 was 9--34% of the original activities in sonicated microsomes. There was an absolute requirement of the cytochrome P-450 fractions for all hydroxylase activities except for the 2alpha-hydroxylase activity. The requirement for NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was not absolute for any of the hydroxylase activities and no lipid dependency was observed. Based on their behavior during solubilization and purification, elution pattern of the DEAE-cellulose column and different modes of regulation, the various hydroxylases studied can be divided into different groups. It is suggested that one form of cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the hydroxylation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta diol in the 2beta- and 18-positions, another form the 12beta-, 15alpha- and 16alpha-hydroxylations of the same substrate and a third form the 15beta hydroxylation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol3,17-disulphate. It is concluded that rat liver microsomes contain multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 active on steroid hormones. It is suggested that the specificity of these forms is determined by the nature of the substrate binding site and by the distance between the binding and catalytic sites on the enzyme. PMID- 819264 TI - Anion complexes of Cu(II) and Co(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase as models for the copper site of blue copper proteins. AB - 1. The presence of two intense transitions in the optical absorption spectrum of the sulfide and 2-mercaptoethanol complexes of Cu(II) and Co(II)-substituted bovine carbonic anhydrase suggest that charge-transfer interactions between sulfur and an acceptor group of the protein play an important role in the stabilization of these complexes. 2. The spectra of Co(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase sulfides are very similar to the spectrum of Co(II) stellacyanin whilst the spectra of the corresponding Cu(II) enzymes are considerably different. A possible explanation is that Cu(II) is pentacoordinate in native stellacyanin unlike Cu(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase sulfides and Co(II) enzymes. Tetrahedral Co(II) stellacyanin is proposed as a model of the reduced copper site. PMID- 819265 TI - Regulation of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase by metal ions. Differential effects of Mn2+ on forward and reverse reactions. AB - Mn2+ activates UDP-glucuronyltransferase (assayed with p-nitrophenol as aglycone) in assays of the forward reaction. The kinetic mechanism of this activation is an increase in activity at V. The rate of the reverse reaction catalyzed by UDP glucuronyltransferase (UDP-dependent hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylglucuronic acid) is inhibited by Mn2+. The basis for this inhibition is an increase in KUDP, and a small increase in KNphGlcUA. Mn2+ appears to have no effect of the activity of the reverse reaction of saturating concentrations of both substrates. The differential effects of divalent metal ions on rates of the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase are due in part to differences in the affinities of UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP for metals. Keq for the formation of UDP-Mn2+ is 8.6 X 10(3); Keq for the formation of UDP-glucuronic acid-Mn2+ is 4.8 X 10(2). High concentrations of UDP thus can compete for metal ions bound to UDP-glucuronyltransferase, but UDP-glucuronic acid is less likely to do so. This competition for metal ions between the enzyme and substrates accounts for the failure of Mn2+ to increase the activity at V of the reverse reaction. Mn2+-induced inhibition of the reverse reaction, due to an increase of KUDP, reflects that the affinity of the affinity of the enzyme for UDP is greater than that for UDP-Mn2+. On the other hand, formation of a complex between UDP glucuronic and Mn2+ does not alter the affinity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase for this nucleotide derivative PMID- 819266 TI - Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'Shigella-like' Escherichia coli 0124. Structure of the polysaccharide chain. AB - From Escherichia coli 0124 two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained with phenol/water extraction and cetavlon precipitation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and chemical analysis showed that the two preparations from E. coli 0124 and the corresponding preparations from Shigella dysenteriae type 3 reacted alike. The O-specific polysaccharide moiety was characterized with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical rotation and paper electrophoresis. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The polysaccharide contained glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), galactosamine (GalN) and 4-O-(1'-carboxyethyl)-D-glucopyranose (glucolactilic acid, GlcLA) in the molar ratios of 1:2:1:1. Glucolactilic acid, which has a structure similar to muramic acid, was first found in Sh. dysenteriae. The polysaccharide from E. coli 0124 and oligosaccharides obtained from it by partial acid hydrolysis were subjected to methylation analysis using the method of combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide is (see article). In the polysaccharide the repeating units are joined through galactofuranosidic linkages. This structure is identical with that of the somatic polysaccharide of Sh. dysenterae type 3. PMID- 819267 TI - The biphasic active transport of calcium by the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum as revealed by the flow dialysis method. AB - The calcium accumulated by the fast uptake has an apparent association constant of 0.8 X 10(6) M-1 and a maximum of 80 nmol/mg protein. The fast uptake and the initial rate of the slow uptake show a similar dependence on the calcium concentration when the latter ranges from 5 to 50 muM. The fast uptake is a linear and the slow uptake rate an exponential function of the reticulum concentration. Both uptakes of calcium display a fast and nearly total isotopic equilibration between intra- and extravesicular calcium. After depletion of ATP the calcium accumulated during the slow uptake is released, while that sequestered during the fast uptake is retained by the vesicles, though it remains rapidly exchangeable. After depletion of ITPor acetylphosphate, or addition of EGTA, the release is more substantial, but is almost complete only after addition of ionophore X537A or deoxycholate. The presence of oxalate strongly reduces the rates of these releases. It is concluded that in the steady state observed after the depletion of ATP, a Ca2+ gradient exists through the sarcoplasmic membrane, and the sarcoplasmic pump works at equilibrium. The fast uptake is an active transport and not an active binding. The slow uptake represents an extension of the calcium capacity of the vesicles due to the phosphate liberated by the sarcoplasmic ATPase. PMID- 819269 TI - Isolation of a strong suppressor of nonsense mutations in Bacillus subtilis. AB - By treatment of Bacillus subtilis MO-101-P spoA- met thr- su- with ethyl methanesulfonate, a strong suppressor strain of nonsense mutations, B. subtilis MO-101-P spoA- [met-]+thr- su+44, was isolated. This strain does not suppress phage phi 29 mutant susB47, selected on a B. subtilis strain containing the su+3 suppressor isolated by Georgopoulos. A revertant from this mutant, susB610, was isolated, being suppressed by both the su+3 and su+44 suppressor strains. The efficiency of suppression by strain su+44 is about 50%. The experiments shown in this paper suggest that strain su+44 contains an amber and strain su+3 an ochre suppressor. PMID- 819268 TI - Multiple forms of nuclear ribonuclease H from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Three types of ribonuclease H were detected in the isolated macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL, partially purified and characterized. They were eluted at around 0.15 M, 0.3 M and 0.4 M of ammonium chloride in phosphocellulose chromatography, and termed H-1, H-2 and H-3, respectively. The partially purified enzymes have following properties. a) These enzymes specifically hydrolyze the RNA moiety of RNA . DNA hybrid. Neither DNA moiety of RNA . DNA hybrid nor the RNA molecule dissociated by heat from RNA . DNA hybrid is hydrolyzed by these enzymes. b) The enzymes are most active at pH 8.5-9.0. c) They require divalent cations such as Mg2+ or Mn2+ for their activities. The optimal concentrations of these cations are different among these enzymes. d) The mode of cleavage by these enzymes is endonucleoytic, producing mostly oligonucleotides and a small amount of mononucleotides which possess 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate termini. PMID- 819270 TI - Cell-free translation of messenger RNA for a myeloma light chain prepared from synchronised plasmacytoma cells. AB - Crude preparations of biologically active mRNA, which code for a myeloma (MPC-11) light chain, were isolated by two successive sucrose gradient centrifugations of RNA extracted from membrane-bound ribosomes, mRNA thus obtained was separated into a poly(A)-rich and a poly(A)-poor fraction by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. Both these fractions were able to direct the synthesis of light chains in reconstituted cell-free systems derived from heterologous cells (ascites tumor lysates) and homologous cells (MPC-11 cells grown in suspension culture). The identity of the products in vitro was confirmed by comparing their migration with that of light chains produced in vivo upon electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gels, and from the profiles of tryptic peptides obtained by chromatography on Aminex A-5 ion-exchange columns. Template activity of the poly(A)-rich light chain mRNA fraction showed very little variation during the cell cycle. The activity of the poly(A)-poor fraction on the other hand was maximal during the early S phase. It is concluded that maximal synthesis of immunoglobulins observed in vivo during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle is achieved by translational control mechanisms. PMID- 819271 TI - [Investigations on the utilization of parenterally administered amino acids by premature and hypotrophic neonates (author's transl)]. AB - The composition of an amino acid solution for intravenous use in newborns is discussed in the light of the metabolic kinetics of its constituents. Such a solution would be optimal when based on the transfer characteristics of the single amino acids used. Under these circumstances one would avoid imbalances in the respective blood levels. In particular, the average amount of such a solution needed, and the maximal turnover rates per hour of the specific amino acids during the first 4 weeks of life are discussed. PMID- 819272 TI - Gmi-gangliosidosis. A variant with high activity of hepatic neutral beta galactosidase. AB - A case of GM1-gangliosidosis with high activity of hepatic neutral beta galactosidase is reported. GM1-beta-galactosidase was deficient. Ganglioside GM1 was accumulated in the liver of this patient. Clinically this Japanese girl started convulsive seizures at 5 months of age, had hepatomegaly, and macular cherry-red spots, but lacked gargoylelike clinical characteristics. Correlation of clinical and biochemical data is discussed. PMID- 819273 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease). AB - A pregnancy at risk for mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) was monitored in which an affected fetus was predicted on the basis of the analyses of lysosomal hydrolases in amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic fluid cells, and by the demonstration of an excessive accumulation of [35S] sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans in cultured amniotic cells. This diagnosis was confirmed by performing enzyme assays and [35S] sulfate incorporation studies on material derived from the aborted fetus. PMID- 819274 TI - [Different caloric intake in 75 "low birth weights": effect on weight gain, blood sugar, serum protein, and serum bilirubin (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study on oral feeding was started in 75 low birth weights (below 2500 g) with adapted milk. Early feeding was given in two groups with different feeding volume and caloric intake. The infants were grouped alternately. Both groups were comparable concerning birth weight, gestational age, and intrauterine growth. Due to partially different variances, covariate correction was applied to analysis of the data. The high caloric group had excellent weight gain, the maximum weight loss was less, and birth weight was regained earlier than in the control group. Blood sugar and serum protein were similar in both groups. Mean serum bilirubin levels were lower in the group with high caloric intake, but differences failed to be significant. Early high caloric feeding was well tolerated and is preferable to parenteral nutrition in low birth weights. PMID- 819275 TI - Acute changes in the diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle. AB - Acute changes in the diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle. Europ. J. Cardiol., 4/Suppl., 105-120. The present study was designed to investigate acute changes in the passive length-tension relations of isolated heart muscle and acute alterations of the left ventricular diastolic pressure volume relationship of patients. In isolated heart muscle a constant lengthening and shortening technique with computer curve fitting was used to characterize the entire passive length-tension relation. There was no change in passive elastivity following an increase in stimulation frequency or an increase in muscle stretching rate. During the transition from stimulated to nonstimulated contractions, there was a shift to the left in the passive length-tension relation, with a shorter muscle length at the same resting force. In 10 patients undergoing revascularization for preinfarction angina, 7 patients showed a significantly reduced left ventricular enddiastolic pressure at the same enddiastolic volume, together with an improvement in postoperative ejection fraction. In 6 patients who experienced a perioperative myocardial infarction, variable changes in the pressure volume relationship occurred. These presumably reflected the opposite effects of stiffening of infarcted muscle and cardiac dilatation secondary to heart failure. 26 patients with chronic coronary artery disease had ventriculograms before and after 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. 9 patients showed a significant shift downwards in their pressure-volume relation, with a decreased enddiastolic pressure at the same volume. 2 showed a shift upwards, while the remaining patients showed no measurable change. It is proposed that this latter shift in pressure-volume relationships is due to hemodynamic factors rather than to intrinsic changes in muscle stiffness. Theoretical calculations utilizing A SIMPLIFIED SPHERICAL MODEL of the ventricle suggest that the magnitude of the changes observed cannot be explained by stiffening of the muscle alone and is therefore probably due to hemodynamic factors. PMID- 819276 TI - The effect of denervation on the synchronization of contraction of the rat vas deferens. AB - Denervation of the rat vas deferens results in both quantitative and qualtitative changes in the contraction of the isolated smooth muscle. The maximum contraction induced by norepinephrine, acetylcholine or serotonin is enhanced by denervation. The response of the tissue to 2 X 10(-4) M BaCl2 initiates a contraction which is more synchronized than the response of the control tissue. By use of 14C-sorbitol and Co-EDTA for estimating extracellular space and from fluorescence histochemical observations, it appears that facilitation of drug diffusion through the extracellular space plays an unimportant role in the altered response to drugs. In experiments which utilized a double-compartment tissue bath it was found that denervation enhanced the propagation of the contraction in the longitudinal direction. From measurements of the longitudinal tissue impedance it was determined that the resistance between smooth muscle cells was significantly decreased by denervation. These results suggest that denervation improves the propagation of excitation in this smooth muscle. PMID- 819277 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin, growth hormone and corticosterone secretions in adult male rats treated with pentobarbital or morphine. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injected either IP (10 mg/kg) or intraventricularly (10 mug/rat) antagonized the pentobarbital-induced secretion of prolactin (PRL). This effect was not blocked by propranolol. In thyroidectomized animals the effect was not apparent; tri-iodothyronine (T3) injection was however ineffective. The injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) and of melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor (MIF) were also ineffective. Of six TRH analogues, only those containing histidine antagonized pentobarbital-induced PRL release, but none modified plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) or corticosterone (B). Brain levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were not modified by TRH. Morphine-induced secretion of PRL and GH was also significantly antagonized by TRH. Since pentobarbital and morphine-induced hormonal changes are probably exerted through a central nervous system depressant action, these data indicate that TRH can influence brain activity through an extrapituitary mechanism. PMID- 819278 TI - [Toxicity and bioaccumulation of isomers of polychlorobiphenyls by the ciliated protozoan Colpidium campylum (Stokes)]. AB - A toxicity and bioaccumulation study was carried out in Colpidium campylum with sixteen pure isomers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls and a commercial product: Pyralene 3010, dissolved in alcohol, after factorial study of the summation of effects between PCB and solvent. The position of chlorine atoms on the aromatic rings and their number influence toxicity, probably in relationship to the possibilities of hydroxylation of these molecules. The experimental conditions must be very carefully respected to obtain reproducible results. PMID- 819279 TI - Glutaraldehyde fixation used to demonstrate altered properties of outer mitochondrial membranes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplemented cells. PMID- 819280 TI - Use of direct current sputtering for improved visualization of chromosome topology by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 819281 TI - Cell union and protein synthesis in conjugation of Blepharisma. PMID- 819282 TI - Alterations in carbonic anhydrase of kidney cortex and prostate of rats of various ages. PMID- 819283 TI - Ascorbic acid and longevity in Drosophila. PMID- 819284 TI - Single unit analysis of auditory processing in squirrel monkey frontal cortex. AB - Clicks, tone bursts and species-specific vocalizations were used to test 315 units isolated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Acoustic responses were detected in about 20% of the units. Responsive units were scattered throughout the explored area, although more units responsive to vocalizations were found in the vicinity of sulcus principalis. Vocalizations were effective stimuli, driving 68% of the acoustic units. However, only 19% responded exclusively to vocalizations. Clicks were effective for 65% of the acoustic units, 27% of which responded only to clicks. Tones activated 39% of the acoustic units. Units generally responded to tones over a wide frequency range. Responses to tones, clicks and vocalization were similar, both within the same unit and between units. The biggest difference related to the background activity of the unit: Low rate cells produced a small number of relatively well-timed discharges per stimulus; high rate cells produced a longer, more poorly-timed response. Vocalizations differed in their effectiveness according to their physical structure. Noisy calls elicited 69% of all responses, although they accounted for only one-third of the test vocalizations. We conclude that frontal acoustic units are involved with at least two functional mechanisms, one related to attending to a large class of sounds, the other related to the detection of sounds with high motivational significance. PMID- 819286 TI - Effects of hunger on the responses of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus to the sight and taste of food. PMID- 819285 TI - Characteristics of the output from the dentate nucleus to spinal neurons via pathways which do not involve the primary sensorimotor cortex. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the action of the dentate output on neurons in the spinal cord mediated by pathways which do not involve the primary sensorimotor and premotor cortices. The dentate nucleus was electrically stimulated by stereotaxically placed electrodes in Rhesus monkeys whose contralateral sensorimotor and premotor cortices were ablated. The resultant changes in excitability of lumbar alpha motorneurons activated by Ia afferents from nerves innervating femoral, hamstring, gastrocnemius-soleus and peroneal muscles were measured by intracellular recordings and by determining the percent change in the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex recorded from ventral roots. The effect of stimulation of the dentate nucleus on proprioceptive reflexes was determined by recording the changes in postsynaptic potentials evoked by selective stimulation of Ia and Ib afferent fibers. The results demonstrated that dentate nucleus exerts a significant action on the excitability of spinal neurons via pathways which do not include the sensorimotor and premotor cortices. Whether the dentate stimulus produced an increase or decrease in the excitability of these neurons was dependent upon the site within the dentate nucleus at which the stimulus was applied, demonstrating that, in the decorticate preparation, the output from this nucleus is quite heterogeneous. In addition, stimulation of the dentate nucleus in these monkeys did not affect the Ia reflex pathway but significantly changed the amplitude of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential evoked by Ib afferents in lumbar alpha motorneurons. PMID- 819287 TI - The short-term effects of ingested chrysotile asbestos on DNA synthesis in the pancreas and other organs of a primate. PMID- 819288 TI - Anaerobic fertilization of amphibian (Bufo arenarum) eggs. AB - Mature Bufo arenarum eggs, as well as body cavity oocytes of the same species, have been found to be fertilizable under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic fertilization was obtained in a medium in which oxygen was replaced by purified nitrogen and in the presence of antimycin in concentrations assuring the complete blockage of respiration. PMID- 819289 TI - Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of new n-diazoacetylglycine derivatives. AB - The syntheses of various N-diazoacetylglycine derivatives are described. The results of an in vitro screening carried out on KB cells for cytotoxic activity are reported. The most active compounds are DGE, DGiBA and DGHA. A possible relationship between the activity and the liposolubility of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 819290 TI - Isolation of a potent allergen from house dust mite by interaction with the lectin tridacnin. AB - Tridacnin, the lectin from the clam, Tridacna maxima, precipitates with house dust mite extracts and provides a simple procedure for obtaining a potent, purified mite allergen. Allergenic activity was investigated using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). PMID- 819291 TI - On the time course of thyrotropin suppression by high doses of thyroid hormones. AB - Basal and stimulated TSH decreased progressively. Basal TSH was suppressed below the detection limit of 0.4 muU/ml after 74 h in 2 of the T3 and all of the T4 treated individuals. At this time in both groups 3 individuals could be significantly stimulated by TRH (abour 5% of the pretreatment stimulation). There was no significant difference in the time course of suppression obtained by T3 or T4 through plasma T3 levels in the T4 treated group were considerably lower. PMID- 819293 TI - Atherosclerotic lesions produced in baboons by feeding an atherogenic diet for four years. PMID- 819294 TI - Neutral steroid losses and cholesterol absorption in gnotobiotic Baboons. PMID- 819292 TI - Dietary disaccharides in experimental atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 819295 TI - Toxicological evaluation of some food additives, including food colours, enzymes, flavour enhancers, thickening agents and others. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Rome, 4-13 June 1974. PMID- 819296 TI - [Effect of morphine and nalorphine on the activity of an epileptogenic focus in the rabbit hippocampus]. PMID- 819297 TI - [Role of the central and peripheral cholinoreceptors in the processes of short term memory]. AB - Short-term memory with blocked cholinoreceptors was studied by the method of deferred reactions in the choice of one of 3--4 feeding troughs in tests staged on 5 dogs and 5 cats. Disturbances of short-term memory were caused by blocking of central m-cholinoreceptors with benactizyne (0.1--0.4 mg/kg). On abolishing peripheral symptoms arising under the effect of chlorpromazine with carbocholine (0.001 mg/kg) the short-term memory disturbances go on persisting. Blocking of peripheral m-cholino-receptors with lachesine (0.01--0.1 mg/kg) does not have any significant effect on the short-term memory. Under the blocking action of pediphen (0.5--2 mg/kg) on the cerebral n-cholinoreceptors the short-term memory improves with reduced memorization capacity. PMID- 819298 TI - Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological studies of some 3-substituted 5-amino 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. AB - Treatment of 4(5)-alkyl (or aryl)-2-aminoimidazoles with isoamyl nitrite in acetic acid gave rise to the corresponding 5(4)-substituted 2-amino-4(5) hydroxyimino-4(5)H-imidazoles which were transformed into 3-acyl (or aroyl)-5 amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles when treated in aqueous suspension. The results of a preliminary pharmacological investigation showed an interesting depressant activity on the CNS for one of these compounds, 5-amino-3-benzoyl-1,2,4 oxadiazole (III c). The pharmacological activities are correlated with the chemical substitutions on the oxadiazole ring. PMID- 819299 TI - Hybridization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic 5S rRNA to Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. PMID- 819300 TI - Purine salvage in mammary glands of mice. PMID- 819301 TI - Glucose effect on glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase in fetal rat liver. PMID- 819302 TI - A specific adenosine phosphorylase, distinct from purine nucleoside phosphorylase. PMID- 819303 TI - Mutants of Streptococcus faecalis concerning pyruvate dehydrogenation. PMID- 819304 TI - Arylsulphatase B (Maroteaux-Lamy factor): a part of the enzyme system responsible for sulphate release from mucopolysaccharide fragment. PMID- 819305 TI - Electron microscopic studies on microcrystals of parahydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. PMID- 819306 TI - A new, simple procedure for the isolation of sialoglycoproteins from human erythrocyte membranes of ABO blood group activities. PMID- 819307 TI - Partial amino acid sequence in the N-terminal region of an anti-Micrococcus lysodeikticus antibody heavy chain of allotype a 1. PMID- 819308 TI - Participation of biologists in the formulation of national science policy. PMID- 819309 TI - Caffeine, theophylline, and human sperm motility. AB - Concentrations of 10(-2), 10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5), or 10(-6) M caffeine and theophylline were added to semen samples to determine the effects of these compounds on several parameters of semen quality. Semen samples were incubated at 37 degrees C and observed 0.5,1,2,4, and 6 hours after addition of the respective compounds. Semen quality was determined by estimating the percentage of active spermatozoa, by estimating sperm motility, and by counting the number of viable sperm at each time interval. Neither of the compounds, at any of the dose levels tested, had any significantly different effects on the quality of sperm motility or the percentage of active or viable spermatozoa, although a few samples responded favorably to these compounds. Noted improvements in semen quality did not appear to be dependent on the initial semen quality. The data contradict previous reports and suggest that methyl xanthines do not have beneficial effects on the majority of semen samples obtained from men seen at a fertility evaluation clinic. PMID- 819310 TI - Effect of T-shaped progesterone-releasing system on contraceptive efficacy and menstrual cycle regularity in Japanese monkeys. AB - Twenty-seven sexually mature Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) weighing 6 to 8 kg were used to evaluate and characterize the local and systemic effects of a T-shaped progesterone-releasing system (UTS) following transabdominal insertion into the uterus. None of five experimental animals conceived, while four of five sham-operated control animals and all intact animals conceived. The general physical appearance, behavior, and clinical blood chemical titer of animals receiving the UTS were comparable with those of the sham-operated group. The UTS also had no significant effect on the cyclic vaginal smear pattern and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) surge during the ovulatory interval. The time course of radioactivity, determined in serum obtained serially following intrauterine insertion of a tritiated UTS, revealed the immediated appearance of 3H in serum, and the levels increased rapidly and remained high for 1 to 1.5 months. The LH release pattern in peripheral blood induced by the intravenous injection of 100 mug of LH-releasing hormone was not affected by the device in utero. The UTS did not appear to interfere with systemic function; when placed in the uterine cavity, the UTS appears to release steroid locally and to exert its antifertility effect without affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. A characteristic of the UTS is its effectiveness, since it has both mechanical and hormonal contraceptive properties. PMID- 819311 TI - Effects of indomethacin on corpus luteum function and pregnancy in rhesus monkeys. AB - Indomethacin was administered during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during late pregnancy in rhesus monkeys. The plasma indomethacin concentrations achieved were within the ranges effective in inhibiting the microsomal prostaglandin synthetase, even when allowances were made for 90% binding to plasma proteins. There were no significant differences in duration of the luteal phase of menses or in luteal phase progesterone concentrations with indomethacin treatment. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that endogenous prostaglandins are important luteolysins in primates. They provide indirect evidence that administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors would have no therapeutic benefit in treatment of the "short luteal phase" syndrome in women. Indomethacin administration in late pregnancy had a significant effect in prolonging gestation. Uteri of treated animals remained flaccid and distended after fundal hysterotomy and removal of fetuses. Maternal plasma concentrations of unconjugated estradiol, estrone, and progesterone during indomethacin treatment were within the expected ranges for late pregnancy in rhesus monkey, although in two animals we found transient, unexplained, high concentrations of estrone in maternal plasma. Chronic indomethacin administration was associated with continuing fetal and placental growth, a 50% fetal mortality rate, oligohydramnios, and meconium staining, and maternal anemia but normal bleeding times. Severe oligohydramnios was noted in preterm as well as post-term fetuses, indicating that indomethacin per se alters regulation of amniotic fluid volume. PMID- 819312 TI - Long-term administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its effect on gonadotropin secretion in eumenorrheic women. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered orally in doses of 60 mg/day to six women for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Daily serum samples were obtained for radioimmunoassay of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin (PRL), and 17beta-estradiol secretory response. TRH was ineffective in interfering with normal gonadotropin and estradiol secretion, and failed to inhibit ovulation. The length of the luteal phase was not affected by TRH in the two cycles of treatment as demonstrated by basal body temperature, pregnanediol excretion, and endometrial biopsy. Long-term TRH administration induced an elevation of PRL serum levels that were not persistent and showed wide spikes. From these studies it is concluded that oral TRH at a dosage of 60 mg/day is unable to modify gonadotropin secretion and ovarian responsiveness in normally menstruating women. PMID- 819313 TI - Freeze preservation of squirrel monkey sperm for use in timed fertilization studies. AB - These investigations were concerned with the response of squirrel monkey sperm to freezing. A procedure involving preincubation at 37 degrees C, progressive cooling combined with a two-step dilution, and freezing on Dry Ice was applied to semen samples collected by electroejaculation from two animals. Sperm concentrations in these samples were 321.8 X 10(6)/ml (+/-204.1 SD) and 532.8 X 10(6) ml (+/-117.1 SD), respectively. Sperm motility prior to freezing was 68.1% (+/- 15.9 SD) AND 63.6% (+/-14.8 SD). Following freezing and thawing, motilities of 53.8% (+/-17.1 SD) and 51.8% (+/-22.9 SD) were observed. The freezing procedure increased sperm motility in approximately 30% of samples from both animals. Changes in the motile behavior of sperm were not observed after freezing. Serum testosterone measurements, the first made in the squirrel monkey, gave values similar to those obtained for other primates. A progressive decline in testosterone concentration, seen in both animals during the course of these investigations, did not affect semen characteristics or the response of sperm to freezing. PMID- 819314 TI - [Influence of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus on the conditioned reflex activity and delayed responses of lower simians]. AB - In 4 adult monkeys, electrical stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus followed by subsidence in the animal and the ECoG synchronization evoked also an impairment of conditioned reflex activity and a decrease in the test performance during delayed responses. Strong stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus followed by emotional arousal and desynchronization in the ECoG, on the contrary, improved the conditioned reflex activity and increased the level of the test performance. The hypothalamus is then supposed to play a certain role in memory as an emotiogenic structure. PMID- 819315 TI - Specificity of the interation of thyroxine with rat adenohypophyseal proteins. AB - The proportion of thyroxine specifically bound to the proteins of the control and the oestrogenized rat adenohypophysis was estimated by determining the rate of ligand exchange, which was found to be higher in the oestrogenized adenohypophysis. The dissociation constants of this interaction were determined by analyzing saturation of the binding proteins with mounting labelled thyroxine concentrations and with a mixture of labelled and unlabelled thyroxine, using the equilibrium-maintaining batchwise Amberlite method. K(dis) for the interaction of thyroxine with the proteins of the control adenohypophysis was 6 X 10(-8) M and K(dis) for its interaction with the proteins of the oestrogenized adenohypophysis was 2.5 X 10(-8) M (i.e., 2.4 times lower). The maximum binding site concentrations were 1.05 X 10(-11) mol/mg. protein for the control adenohypophyses and 0.625 X 10(-11) mol/mg. protein for the oestrogenized adenohypophyses (i.e., 60% of the control value). Oestrogenization probably primarily stimulates the synthesis of specific thyroxine receptors in the rat adenohypophysis. PMID- 819316 TI - Clonal analysis of primordial disc cells in the early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 819317 TI - Adult differentiation from partial Drosophila embryos after egg ligation during stages of nuclear multiplication and cellular blastoderm. PMID- 819318 TI - Aging changes in intervertebral discs and spondylosis in Chinese hamsters. AB - Vertebrae and intervertebral discs of Chinese hamsters, a species of rodents that develop spontaneous diabetes, were investigated for age-linked changes and for the occurrence of spondylosis. Aging changes in the intervertebral discs were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic animals. The incidence of spondylosis was significantly increased and its onset was accelerated in the diabetic animals. The mechanisms operative in the pathogenesis of the lesions and their relation to the human disease are discussed. PMID- 819319 TI - Influence of fixation and morphometric technics on capillary basement-membrane thickening prevalence data in diabetes. AB - Muscle tissue obtained by needle biopsy from 20 diabetic subjects and from 20 age matched control subjects was divided into two portions, one of which was fixed and processed by our routine procedure (primary glutaraldehyde fixation followed by osmium fixation and embedment in araldite) and the other was fixed initially in osmium tetroxide and embedded in maraglas, the procedure employed by Siperstein et al. Basement-membrane width of capillaries was measured by the 20 point method of Siperstein et al. and by the two-minimum-point technic developed in our own laboratory. Contrary to the experience of Siperstein et al., the prevalence of basement-membrane thickening in diabetic subjects based on mean width values and/or standard deviations in excess of 95 per cent tolerance intervals was highest (65 per cent) in minimum measurements of glutaraldehyde fixed tissues and lowest (30 per cent) in osmium-fixed tissues (X2 = 4.9123, p less than 0.05). Internal discrepancies in the data of Siperstein et al. indicate that (1) their basement-membrane-width values derived from multiple measurements from control subjects are anomalous (low) and (2) the very high prevalence of basement-membrane thickening they reported in diabetic and in prediabetic subjects and considered as strong support for their conclusion that basement membrane disease is independent of and precedes glucose intolerance is suspect. PMID- 819320 TI - The managment of patients after small bowel resection. PMID- 819321 TI - [Developmental changes in the primate cranium with observations on the sagittal angle relationships. V. Conclusion, summary, bibliography and tables]. PMID- 819322 TI - Immunohistochemical localization and identification of the prolactin and growth hormone producing cells in the pituitary gland of the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L). PMID- 819324 TI - [Interaction of homoeotic mutations Antennapedia and aristapedia in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Expression of a number of mutant alleles of Antennapedia and aristapedia loci in pairwise combination of the type Antp ssa/+ssa was compared with their expression in initial Antp and ssa stocks. Marked mutual enhancement of homoeotic action of the genes studied was observed up to the formation of well developed antennal legs consisting of coxae, trochanter, femurs, tibiae and five-segment tarsi in some flies (especially, Antp49 ssa/+ssa). Antennapedia-specificity (rather than aristapedia) of the interaction was found. Cellular basis of action and interaction of homoeotic genes is discussed. PMID- 819323 TI - [Natural resistance of Drosophila melanogaster cells to 6-mercaptopurine and 8 azaguanine]. AB - The growth of cells and the activity of some enzymes in diploid embryonic cells of Drosophila and Mosquito which cultivated for a long time in the presence of 6 mercaptopurine and 8-azaguanine were studied. It is shown on the culture of Drosophila cells that a high level of the resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 8 azaguanine correlates with the absence of hypoxanthine-guanine phyosphorybosyltransferase (HGPRT) in them. HGPRT activity was not also revealed in extracts obtained from flies of different lines, which draws to the conclusion on the natural resistance of Drosophila cells to hypoxanthine and quanine analogues. Similar resistance was found out in Mosquito cell lines Mos 20 A. The second enzyme of such a type, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, is present in the cells of all investigated lines. This fact explaines the retention of the sensitivity to adenine analogues in these cells. PMID- 819325 TI - Non-autonomy in achaete mosaics of Drosophila. PMID- 819326 TI - A recombination test to classify mutants of Bacillus subtilis of identical phenotype. PMID- 819327 TI - Laser microbeam induction of incomplete doublets of Oxytricha fallax. PMID- 819328 TI - Gamones and mating types in the genus Blepharisma and their possible taxonomic application. PMID- 819329 TI - Macronuclear DNA in Stentor coeruleus: a first approach to its characterization. PMID- 819330 TI - Effects of actinomycin D and puromycin upon excystment of Didinium nasutum. PMID- 819331 TI - The genetics of mating type in the suctorian Tokophrya lemnarum. PMID- 819332 TI - Proceedings: The prevention of relapse in duodenal ulceration by long-term nocturnal metiamide treatment. PMID- 819333 TI - [Editorial: The possibility of protein deficiency in out world]. PMID- 819334 TI - Microtus arvalis as the intermediate host of a coccidian from the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). PMID- 819335 TI - Comparison of the cytoarchitectonic structure of the subthalamic nucleus in certain mammals. PMID- 819336 TI - Cladistic relationships among primate higher categories: evidence of the fetal membranes and placenta. AB - Cladistic analysis of the total ontogenetic pattern of the fetal membranes and placenta in all extant primate superfamilies provides clear evidence of a strepsirhine-haplorhine dichotomy in the order Primates. The suborder Prosimii appears to be a paraphyletic taxon, based on the retention of numerous primitive character states in tarsiers and strepsirhines. Fetal membrane evidence supports the sister group relationship of Tarsiiformes and Anthropoidea in the suborder Haplorhini, based on their possession of shared derived characters. Morphogenetic patterns of the fetal membranes and placenta in haplorhines are consistent with the concept of a monophyletic origin of Anthropoidea from an ancestral tarsilform stock. PMID- 819337 TI - The bark-eating habits in primates, with special references to their status in the diet of wild chimpanzees. AB - Chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains, Tanzania, were recorded to chew barks of 21 species of trees and wood vines. They mainly utilize the barks of savanna-living deciduous trees during the mid-rainy season of the year when few fruits are available. The degree of their dependence on bark for food varies drastically year by year. The bark seems to occupy an important role as emergency food in a lean year in the survival of chimpanzees, as well as in that of some other higher primates. PMID- 819338 TI - Basicranial morphology of the early tertiary tarsiiform Rooneyia from Texas. AB - The newly prepared middle ear cavity of Rooneyia viejaensis revealed the enlarged lateral branch of the internal carotid, an ancestral tarsiiform but advanced primate character. The ectotympanic is well inside the bulla proper and it appears that the annulus membrane and the tissues of the external auditory tube became ossified to form the tarsiiform ectotympanic. The polarity of several character clines of tarsiiform basicrania are discussed. Evidence is lacking from basicranial morphology to corroborate the hypothesized special relationship of microchoerine omomyids and Tarsius. PMID- 819339 TI - New adapid primate of European affinities from Texas. AB - The primate Margarita stevensi n. gen. and n. sp. is described from late Eocene sediments of Texas, North America. The crushed skull of the type specimen is in the size range of Lepilemur leucopus, and the most recent relative of the new form appears to be the middle Eocene European adapid Europolemur klatti from the Geiseltal localities of the DDR. There are no indications that Margarita is closely related to the notharctine adapids. The new primate suggests that the Eocene of eastern North America was the homeland of lemuriforms with close European phylogenetic affinities. The posteriorly directed foramen magnum indicates a relatively small brain size and the dentition suggests an insectivorous-carnivorous dietary regime. PMID- 819340 TI - Banding patterns of the chromosomes of Cebus albifrons. Comparative study with Cebur apella. AB - Quinacrine- and Giemsa-banding studies of the chromosomes of Cebus albifrons permitted to obtain a pattern that characterizes the species. The topography of the bands has been compared with that of Cebus apella. Each chromosome pair of C. albifrons has a homologue in C. apella. The differences between the two karyotypes are the result of five pericentric inversions. PMID- 819342 TI - The liver microsomal hydroxylation enzyme system. Induction and properties of the functional components. PMID- 819341 TI - [Prevention of altitude sickness]. AB - In experimental and clinical studies the effect of Acetazolamide (Diamox) on acute mountain sickness was investigated. It could be established that Acetazolamide does influence the symptoms, the man effect seems to be a reduction of the respiratory alkalosis, which is found in control persons in high altitudes. Observations made with a group of 25 tourists mountaineering in the Cordilleras (South America) over 24 days in altitudes between 3200 and 6000 m are described. In accordance with other published data the favorable influence of Acetazolamide on acute mountain sickness could be confirmed. Persons taking Acetazolamide were more efficient and better prepared to cope with the extreme situations in high altitude. They also showed to be more resistent to other diseases, which are following the stress in high altitude and are caused by the different climate and food. PMID- 819343 TI - Blood glucose control by direct islet innervation. AB - Glucose tends to be elevated in situations of stress and an increase in plasma glucagon is an important cause. The rapidity of the glucagon rise in stress suggests a nervous mechanism. Electron microscopy has shown that the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas have, in fact, both an adrenergic and cholinergic innervation. Splanchnic-nerve stimulation has been shown in animals to cause a massive release of glucagon and marked inhibition of insulin. The glucagon response to hypoglycemia, on the other hand, appears to be significantly controlled by the parasympathetic system and, in man, is greatly attenuated after vagotomy. Thus there is a dual influence of the autonomic system on the islets of Langerhans, the sympathetic innervation elevating glucose in stress and the parasympathetic aiding glucose homeostasis. PMID- 819344 TI - Lack of effect of vaginal lavages and aliphatic acids on ejaculatory responses in rhesus monkeys: behavioral and chemical analyses. PMID- 819345 TI - Sexual attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in female mammals. PMID- 819346 TI - A cost-benefit analysis of community versus institutional living. AB - As part of a project to develop a model procedure for returning residents of institutions to the community, the Commonwealth of Virginia contracted with a consulting firm to develop a methodology for conducting a cost-benefit analysis of institutional versus community living. The methodology was used to project costs and benefits over a ten-year period for 52 clients successfully placed in the community through the project, called Service Integration for Deinstitutionalization (SID). The results showed an average net saving for each client of $20,800 over a ten-year period, mostly to the state government. The authors describe the methodology used in the analysis, the cost and benefit elements considered, and the adjustments made for economic factors that could not be measured directly. PMID- 819347 TI - Community care: costs and benefits for a chronic patient. AB - The authors analyzed the costs and benefits of community care for a middle-aged chronic woman patient who was receiving care from a neighborhood health center after a total of eight years of hospitalization. Cost comparisons over a three year period were made between the neighborhood center and a state hospital, the center and a day program of a community mental health center, and the center and the inpatient unit of a community mental health center. Cost of care in the neighborhood center fell from $2110 in the first year to $640 in the third, while costs in the alternative settings increased substantially. The patient's clinical status was rated "much improved" in the community. PMID- 819348 TI - Training in community living: a follow-up look at a Gold-Award program. PMID- 819350 TI - Federal programs make education an integral part of patient care. PMID- 819349 TI - An interview with Michael H. Moskow, Ph. D., Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability. PMID- 819351 TI - Spinal cord implant studies. PMID- 819352 TI - Cerebellar implant studies. PMID- 819353 TI - Human monoclonal immunoglobulins with antibody-like activity. PMID- 819354 TI - High temperature trypsinolysis of human IgA: isolation of the Fcalpha fragment. PMID- 819355 TI - Constant region IgG allotypes in cottontail rabbits: group E allelic polymorphism. PMID- 819356 TI - A spectrophotometric procedure for quantitation of antibody directed to bacterial antigens. PMID- 819357 TI - N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of a gamma-heavy chain disease protein YOK. PMID- 819358 TI - Amino acid sequence of the pFc, fragment of guinea-pig IgG1. PMID- 819359 TI - The effect of antipolymorphonuclear leucocyte serum on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in rabbits. AB - Studies were made on the rate of phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phagocytic cells in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. In sublethal and lethal infections the phagocytosed bacteria were killed very quickly. In antibody-protected animals, the polymorphs became loaded with liveing bacteria, but this had little effect on the decline in infection. In sublethal infections and in protected animals theproportion of intracellular bacteria labelled with 32O or [14C]uracil was high and antibody greatly enhanced phagocytosis. In lethal infections the rate of phagocytosis was insufficient to prevent the development of a fatal septicaemia. Antipolymorphonuclear leucocyte serum (APS) completely suppressed the normal polymorph response to infection and greatly reduced resistance. The macrophages in the peritoneum, which were not affected by APS, delayed bacterial growth for several hours but were eventually unable to control bacterial mutiplication. The outcome of infection appeared to depend almost entirely on the ratio of bacterial to phagocytes and the presence of antibody. Iron-binding proteins probably make a significant contribution to resistance by reducing the rate of multiplication of extracellular bacteria. PMID- 819360 TI - Serum glucosyltransferase-inhibiting antibodies and dental caries in rhesus monkeys immunized against Streptococcus mutans. AB - Serum antibodies to glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans serotype c were assayed sequentially by means of an enzyme inhibition radio-assay in twenty six Rhesus monkeys immunized with S. mutans. Pre-immune and control sera had a GTP-enhancing effect which was shown also by albumin and non-immune immunoglobulin fractions. GTF-inhibitory activity was found in IgG fractions from some immune sera and could be absorbed by S. mutans cells possessing cell-bound GTF. Inhibitory antibodies to GTF developed in the sera of four monkeys immunized with hydroxylapatite extract of culture supernatant (HACS), and in four out of fifteen monkeys immunized with S. mutans cells, but in none of the seven sham immunized control animals. The monkeys immunized with HACS showed no reduction in caries. A correlation has been demonstrated between protection against caries and the early development of serum IgG antibodies to antigens present in HACS but there was no consistent association between protection against caries and GTF inhibitory antibodies. The results also suggest the possibility that other antibodies, possibly present in the IgM or IgA fractions and having an enhancing effect on GTF, may increase the incidence of caries. PMID- 819361 TI - Enhancement of the immune response by a catabolic product of normal rabbit IgG. Effect of F(ab')2-like fragment. AB - The serum of partially hepatectomized rabbit taken 4 h after operation possessed the proerty of enhancing the immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in homologous recipients. An exhaustive absorption of the serum with SRBC stromata did not affect its adjuvant-like activity indicating that an active factor augmented the immune response non-specifically. It was shown that the serum of partially hepatectomized rabbits contained a 5-2S IgG fragment antigenically related to peptic F(ab')2 fragment. The i.v. injection of this fragment together with SRBC into rabbits resulted in enhancement of PFC response and haemagglutinin production. Similar enhancing effect was produced by peptic F(ab')2 fragment obtained from rabbit IgG devoid of anti-SRBC antibodies. Sera of partially hepatectomized rabbits did not contain F(ab')2-like fragments and failed to enhance the immune response if the animals were treated with proteinase inhibitor ('Trasylol'), indicating that the fragment was a cetabolic product of IgG. The results are interpreted in terms of regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis by a split product of autologous IgG. PMID- 819362 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition. A study of 160 cases. PMID- 819363 TI - Hurler Scheie compound: a variant of mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 819364 TI - Studies on kwashiorkor and marasmus in Calcutta (1957-74): I. Aetiological and clinical studies. PMID- 819365 TI - Studies on kwashiorkor and marasmus in Calcutta (1957-74): II. Pathological, biochemical and metabolic studies. PMID- 819366 TI - Studies on kwashiorkor and marasmus in Calcutta (1957-74): III. Therapeutic and follow-up studies. PMID- 819367 TI - Serum electrolyte studies in malnutrition. PMID- 819368 TI - Nosocomial infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 819369 TI - Child's bangle for nutrition screening. PMID- 819370 TI - A controlled study of socio-culturally determined child feeding habits in relation to protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 819371 TI - Interaction of purified leukocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The interaction of purified leukocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain 158, with polymorphonuclear leukocytes of cattle (PMLC) was studied by using 125I labeled toxin. According to the Scatchard plot, PMLC offered two binding sites for leukocidin: one at the surface of the plasma membrane, and a second one that presumably became accessible to the toxin in the course of the cytotoxic action. Toxin once fixed to PMLC at 37 C could not be detached from the cells by either chemical or mechanical treatment. However, active leukocidin was liberated if it was bound to PMLC at 4 C and the temperature of the cell suspension was subsequently increased to 37 C. In the presence of Ca2+, the velocity of toxin fixation was accelerated and the rate of fixation was increased. Preliminary investigations on the identification of the leukocidin-binding material indicated the leukocidin receptor to be an integral protein of the plasma membrane. PMID- 819372 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice: development of nonspecific bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Generation of the cell-mediated immune response of CBA/H mice against Salmonella typhimurium (C5S) was monitored by measuring the nonspecifically increased bactericidal activity of macrophages against Listeria monocytogenes. The appearance of detectable levels of macrophage activation was inversely related to the initiating infectious dose. With 3 X 10(3) infecting C5S organisms, significant activity was demonstrable after day 3. Immunity controlled a challenge with a streptomycin-resistant strain of S. typhimurium (C5R) successfully only by approximately day 7. In the period of increasing activity against L. monocytogenes, growth of C5R was only delayed. Since such an effect could not be demonstrated in Listeria-infected mice, these findings suggest that immunity against C5R necessitates specific factors besides macrophage activation. PMID- 819373 TI - Evaluation of type-specific and non-type-specific pseudomonas vaccine for treatment of pseudomonas sepsis during granulocytopenia. AB - The protective role of serotype-specific and non-type-specific active immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was assessed in granulocytopenic dogs. Dogs were preimmunized with either specific serotype 6 vaccine (SI) or nonspecific serotype 3 vaccine (NSI) and challenged intravenously with 10(7) viable serotype 6 P. aeruginosa during granulocytopenia. Control dogs (C) having insignificant anti-pseudomonas antibody levels were also tested. Results showed: (i) significant increase in survival of SI dogs (P less than 0.05) compared to C and NSI dogs, with no significant difference between C and NSI animals; (ii) lower febrile responses in SI dogs; and (iii) markedly reduced bacteremia in SI dogs compared to C and NSI animals. SI dog sera from survivor animals did not kill the infecting pseudomonas strain in vitro. The study demonstrated that type specific immunity to P. aeruginosa induced by active immunization is effective in protection against pseudomonas during granulocytopenia and that non-type-specific immunity offers no cross-reactive protection. The findings suggest that the reticuloendothelial system in conjunction with specific immunity constitute an important defense against pseudomonas infections. PMID- 819374 TI - Major outer membrane protein of Campylobacter fetus: physical and immunological characterization. AB - The outer membrane proteins of Campylobacter fetus have been isolated by extraction of cell envelopes both in Triton X-100 and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Each method yielded a major protein component, which migrated identically in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and proved comparable in electrophoretic and molecular weight characteristics to the analagous protein from Escherichia coli. In addition, the surface of SDS-extracted C. fetus cells displayed a subunit structure similar to that observed in E. coli. The major envelope protein isolated with SDS appeared antigenically identical with one of the proteins isolated with Trition-EDTA on the basis of immunodiffusion reactions with specific antisera. Antibodies directed to the major envelope protein were not reactive in agglutination, immobilization, bactericidal, or opsonization reactions. Strains of C. fetus belonging to each of the three O serotypes possessed major envelope proteins comparable in SDS-PAGE but distinguished antigencally in a fashion paralleling the O serotype classification. PMID- 819375 TI - Antibody-mediated immobilization of Campylobacter fetus: inhibition by a somatic antigen. AB - Immobilization tests were conducted on a wild-type strain of Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis and on a mutant lacking an antiphagocytic cell surface component. Highly effective immobilization of the mutant, both as single cells and clumps of cells, was produced with an antiserum containing antibodies specific for the flagellar hook and filament and for the O antigen. Damage to flagellar hooks after reaction with this antiserum was observed only with cells of the mutant. Single-cell immobilization of the mutant was also produced with an antiserum specific for a heat-stable somatic antigen which was distinct from the O antigen and was exposed on the cell surface only of the mutant. Minimal immobilization of the wild strain was brought about by either of these antisera. It was shown also that O antibodies had no effect on the motility of either the wild strain or mutant. These findings indicate that antibody-mediated immobilization may be brought about by effects on the flagellar hook or cell body, as well as on the flagellar filament. Furthermore, the protection from immobilization afforded the bacterium by the antiphagocytic surface structure suggests a dual function for this virulence factor in the infected animal. PMID- 819377 TI - Secretory immunological system of fowl. V. The gallbladder: an integral part of the secretory immunological system of fowl. AB - The concentrations of IgA, IgM and IgY were measured in gallbladder (GB) bile and serum from chickens of various ages. The ontogeny data suggested that IgA and IgY were synthesized by the GB. Furthermore, the chicken GB becomes lymphoid 3-8 days post-hatch and contains distinct foci of lymphocytes by 7 weeks of age. That the GB can synthesize and secrete IgA was shown in two ways. IgA-containing cells were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and in vitro studies with adult GB explants showed the synthesis and secretion of IgA and also IgY and IgM. Immunoglobulin class suppression experiments and quantitation of IgA in sera from selected sites supported the concept of synthesis and secretion of IgA by the GB. Several lines of evidence also support the concept of some bile IgA being derived from serum. Introduction of antigen directly into the GB was shown to stimulate antibody formation, and this antibody was detectable in bile and serum. A very unusual finding, in one animal, was the presence of a normal secretory IgA concentration in the presence of undetectable serum IgA. These data indicate that the GB is an integral part of the secretory immunological system and suggest that aberrations in GB-immune function may result in pathological clinical manifestations. PMID- 819376 TI - Antigenic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study two complex antigenic preparations from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, one of cytoplasmic origin and the other derived by Triton X-100 extraction of isolated washed gonococcal envelopes, with the aim of developing suitable reference antigen-antibody systems that could be subsequently used to investigate the immune response to gonococcal infection and to monitor envelope preparations for cytoplasmic contamination. A number of parameters were investigated to optimized and standardize antigen preparation, e.g., harvesting and washing of gonococci, methods of bacterial disruption, and washing of envelopes. The effects of Triton X-100 concentration, initial total envelope protein concentration, and the composition, pH, and concentration of buffer on cell envelope extractability were studied to obviate the need to concentrate material before use in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The electroendoosmotic properties of agarose were a major determining factor in resolving envelope antigens. From 25 to 30 immunoprecipitates were revealed in the envelope antigen-antibody system; 75 to 80 were revealed in the cytoplasmic sytem. Envelope immunoprecipitates with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and lactate dehydrogenase activities were identified. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gels revealed the presence of antibodies in a preimmune rabbit antiserum pool to a distinctive fact-moving component in both the envelope and cytoplasmic antigen preparations. The intermediate gel technique also demonstrated that extensive washing of envelope preparations with buffer did not remove cytoplasmic ontamination completely. The method provides a much more sensitive means of monitoring the purity of envelope fractions than the use of single enzy,e markers as indexes of such contamination. The use of rabbit antisera raised to formolized gonococci in intermediate gels indicated that both reference antigen-antibody systems were of potential use in screening immune responses to N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 819378 TI - Heterophile antigen detectable by infectious mononucleosis sera on bone marrow cells. AB - By means of mixed agglutination test and indirect immunofluorescence test, reactions of infectious mononucleosis sera with bone marrow cells were investigated. Positive reactions were observed with bovine, murine and rat bone marrow cells, but negative results were obtained with cells of monkeys and guinea pigs. Absorption studies demonstrated that the observed reactions are due to interaction of the Paul-Bunnell antigen on bone marrow cells with its corresponding antibodies in infectious mononucleosis sera. Whereas all cells of bovine bone marrow gave positive results, only 50% of murine or rat cells were positive and these cells were shown to be neutrophilic granulocytes. Evidence was also presented that the Paul-Bunnell antigen and Fc receptor are present, apart from each other, on murine neutrophilic granulocytes. PMID- 819379 TI - Necessity of the divalent cation in the reaction between EAC1-8hu and C9gp. AB - The reaction of EAC1-8hu and C9gp could not generate E* in 0.09 M EDTA solution. In 0.001 M EDTA solution, EAC1-8hu could not fix C9gp. But E* formation was observed in the buffer containing low concentration of divalent cations. Of the tested cations, Ca++ was most effective and its optimal concentration was 2 X 10( 7) M. PMID- 819380 TI - Lymphocyte surface IgD and IgM in non-human primates. AB - IgD was detected on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes of five non-human primate species by direct immunofluorescence. The percentages of lymphocytes with surface IgD or IgM were comparable to the percentages reported for humans. The presence of IgD on the surface of rhesus monkey lymphocytes was confirmed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated 125I cell surface protein. Reduced surface IgD was resolved into a light chain component and a heavy chain component whose mobility was identical to that of mu-chain under the condition used. PMID- 819381 TI - Reevaluation of inguinal lymph node injection for production of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. AB - An experiment was designed to compare the efficiency of lymph node injection for the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) with that of conventional footpad injection in the rat. Quantitative studies revealed that the minimal dose required for induction of AA by the lymph node route is one fifth of that by the footpad route. Thus, the lymph node route was found to be more efficient than the footpad method in terms of higher incidence and earlier onset of AA. PPD in Freund's incomplete adjuvant was able to produce tuberculin sensitization in the rat. The lymph node route again proved to be superior in terms of consistent appearance of the 24-hour reaction on days 8 and 14 and prolongation of the skin reaction over 48 h. These findings show that the lymph node method is so efficient in the rat that it will be especially useful for the trial induction of AA with various materials of unknown potency as well as for production of delayed hypersensitivity. In addition, this injection method appears to be a simple and efficient technique for assay of other immunological reactions. PMID- 819382 TI - Effect of degradation of the arabinogalactan portionof a water-soluble component from M. tuberculosis wax D on polyarthritis induction in the rat. AB - In order to explore a possible role of the arabinogalactin (AG) portion of the water-soluble arthritogenic component (WAC) from M. tuberculosis wax D for induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the rat, this component was digested with an AG-degrading enzyme. The enzyme-digested WAC was able to produce AA. The severity of AA was almost comparable to that of the nondigested WAC. This finding suggests that the AG portion of the WAC does not seem to be essential for AA induction and indirectly points the importance of the peptidoglycan portion. PMID- 819384 TI - The use of 51Cr-labelled Trypanosoma cruzi in agglutination titrations. PMID- 819383 TI - Binding of 14C-labeled dopa by Mycobacterium leprae in vitro. PMID- 819385 TI - Physico-chemical studies on the 11S globulin in soybean seeds: size and shape determination of the molecule. AB - The molecular shape of the 11S globulin, the major storage protein of soybean seeds, was estimated to be an oblate ellipsoid with a revolution axial ratio of 8.11-8.38 with or without scarce hydration according to the procedure of Simha & Perrin by measuring the partial specific volume, diffusion coefficient, molecular weight and volume fraction intrinsic viscosity. The length of the major axis of the molecule is 178-180 A and that of the minor axis 22 A. Subsequently, the shape factor beta, and the hydrodynamically effective volume, Ve, of the protein were calculated by the procedure of Scheraga & Mandelkern. Consequently, the 11S globulin molecule was also an oblate ellipsoid from beta. Ve was found to be equal to MV/N, the anhydrous volume of protein. It was therefore concluded that the protein existed in a rigid and nearly anhydrous state in solution. PMID- 819386 TI - Editorial: Nutrition for surgical patients. PMID- 819387 TI - Long term parenteral nutrition: an artificial gut. PMID- 819388 TI - Long term total parenteral nutrition through peripheral veins. AB - Most complications of total parenteral nutrition are directly related to the use of hypertonic glucose and central venous catheters. We describe a system in which hypertonic glucose is omitted from the total parenteral nutrition regimen and is replaced by Intralipid as the main source of calories. Protein hydrolysate and lipid solutions are infused simultaneously via peripheral veins. This method proved to be simple and efficient with no deleterious effects in 22 patients who were treated for periods of three to 14 weeks. PMID- 819390 TI - Nutrients for the surgical patient. PMID- 819389 TI - Management of gastrointestinal fistulas with total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 819391 TI - Pharmacological inhibition of digestive secretions in the management of pancreaticoduodenal fistulas. AB - We report the pharmacological inhibition of secretions of the gastrointestinal tract for the prevention and management of pancreatic and duodenal fistulas. Nasogastric aspiration to remove gastric secretions and decrease motility and an anticholinergic drug, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and intravenous hyperalimentation to inhibit secretions were used to prevent pancreatic fistulas. Patients with established duodenal and/or pancreatic fistulas received local treatment consisting of lavage of the fistulous tract and skin protection in addition to the parenteral therapy. Three cases of successful prevention of pancreatic fistulas and three cases of managemtnt of duodenal fistulas are presented. PMID- 819392 TI - Residual pilocarpine effects on outflow facility after ciliary muscle disinsertion in the synomolgus monkey. AB - Outflow facility responses to pilocarpine were determined in ten cynomolgus monkey eyes after disinsertion of the ciliary muscle from the scleral spur. The effect of large intravenous dose given on one occasion was compared to the effect of intense topical treatment for 18 to 24 hours on another occasion. The effect of the two modes of treatment differed from eye to eye, but were similar in the individual eye. In some eyes facility rose while in others it fell. The average effect of both treatments was very small. PMID- 819394 TI - A comparison of single radial immunodiffusion and formylated rocket immunoelectrophoresis for routine immunoglobulin measurement. PMID- 819393 TI - Actin filaments in apical projections of the primate pigmented epithelial cell. AB - A highly-ordered array of filaments is found within the apical processes of retinal pigmented epithelial cells in monkeys and humans. These filaments, approximately 100 A in diameter and 250 A apart, line the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane, in parallel with the long axis of the apical processes. Since these filaments bind rabbit myosin subfrafment-1 to form arrowhead complexes, we conclude that they contain actin. Such membrane-bound actin filaments could have any of several different functions: they could stabilize the apical projections and by so doing play a cytoskeletal role, and/or they could take part in the phagocytosis of shed outer segment discs. PMID- 819395 TI - Normal immunoglobulin G, A and M levels in an Irish population. PMID- 819396 TI - Three simple tests as an adjunct to the niacin test for the small mycobacteriology laboratory. AB - With the change in the management of tuberculosis, many bacteriology laboratories should be prepared to examine sputum for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. The niacin test is the most reliable test that can be performed in any mycobacteriology laboratory to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the other acid-fast bacilli, but it is not perfect. Other tests can be used to supplement it are cord formation, growth at 24 C, and the catalase test at 68 C. Incompletely identified strains should be submitted to a reference laboratory. PMID- 819397 TI - A mycobacteriology proficiency testing program using simulated sputum specimens. AB - The New York State Department of Health proficiency testing program in mycobacteriology determines the ability of a laboratory to isolate the acid-fast bacillus present in a simulated specimen and to identify the strain. Until 1964 the specimens were autoclaved normal sputa seeded with mycobacteria. When mandatory testing was introduced by law in 1964, more specimens were needed. These have been prepared in simulated sputum bases, first skimmed milk, then granulated hog gastric mucin. The bases are seeded with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa is added to simulate the contamination in clinical specimens. Laboratory performance in general has improved as a result of the proficiency testing and the concomitant educational program, but laboratories processing more than 200 specimens a year continue to perform best. PMID- 819399 TI - A comparison of horse, cow, and sheep blood in NYC medium: effect on recovery of N. gonorrhoeae and urogenital mycoplasmas. AB - NYC medium supplemented with cow blood (NYC-C) and sheep blood (NYC-S) were tested for the growth of N. gonorrhoeae and urogenital mycoplasma in comparison with standard NYC medium which contains horse blood. In situations where horse blood is not available, cow blood could be substituted in NYC standard medium, whereas the use of sheep blood was found unsuitable. PMID- 819398 TI - Combining cervical and rectal cultures for gonorrhea on a single modified Thayer Martin plate. AB - Cultures of the cervix and rectum are recommended for the routine diagnosis of gonorrhea in women. Specimens are usually inoculated on separate plates of selective medium. The present study compares to the recovery rates of N. gonorrhoeae for cervical and rectal specimens plated separately to specimens combined on a single plate of modified Thayer-Martin medium (MTM). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two methods. It is concluded that the practice of combining cervical and rectal specimens on a single MTM plate provides the sensitivity of separately plated specimens at half the cost. Combining specimens could provide a significant cost benefit to gonorrhea control programs. PMID- 819401 TI - Non-mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: quantitative variations in the efficiency of inducer and reactive strains. AB - Crosses between various strains of Drosophila melanogaster lead in some cases to a quite typical female sterility which involves non-mendelian hereditary factors. On the basis of the fertility of F1 females, strains can be divided into three classes: Inducer, Reactive and Neutral. Females showing various degrees of sterility arise when reactive strain females are crossed to inducer males. The degree of sterility depends on the particular reactive and inducer strains used in the cross. Quantitative variations in the efficiency of inducer and reactive strains to produce sterile F1 females are studied in the present paper. The results indicate that the order which can be established within a set of reactive strains for this efficiency is largely independent of the inducer strain which is chosen for the cross. PMID- 819400 TI - Opportunistic infections. AB - When confronted with infections in an immunosuppressed immune-incompetent patient, it is important to have a pathophysiologic approach. A knowledge of the types and sources of microorganisms likely to be associated with breakdown of various types of host defenses is essential in the care of such patients. Newer pathogens are continuously being described and an awareness of underlying mechanisms is the keystone of early diagnosis and modern management. PMID- 819402 TI - Comparative medicine: progress and prospects. PMID- 819404 TI - A comparative survey of the mast cells of the mammalian brain. AB - A search for mast cells has been made in the brains of 18 mammalian species in 13 families in the orders Insectivora, Primates, Rodentia and Carnivora. In the larger animals, only the diencephalon and olfactory bulbs were examined. Mast cells were identified by virtue of their heparin-containing granules, which are stained by Alcian blue 8GX and, metachromatically, by toluidine blue 0. Within the cerebral parenchyma, mast cells were confined to the dorsal diencephalon of Erinaceus europaeus (hedgehog), Tupaia glis (tree-shrew) and Nycticebus coucang (slow loris). Some cells were next to capillaries; others were not. Mast cells were sometimes found, though rarely, in the intracerebral perivascular connective tissue leptomeninges and choroid plexuses of some of the other species examined. It is concluded that pericapillary cells (pericytes), which have been called mast cells by some investigators, are not in fact mast cells since there is no evidence for the presence of heparin. The functions of mast cells in the brain are unknown. PMID- 819403 TI - Mitochondrial variations in the spinal ganglion cells of the slow loris: an electron microscopic study. AB - The fine structure os spinal ganglia from seven slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang coucang) was studied following perfusion fixation using different concentrations of glutaraldehyde and post-fixation in 1% osmic acid. Two cell types, one light (63%), and the other dark (37%) were reported out of the total number of 425 neurons counted. Almost all the light cells contained filamentous mitochondria, whereas only 35% of the dark cells contained filamentous mitochondria, the other 65% having vacuolated mitochondria. The significance of this mitochondrial variation in the spinal ganglion cells of the slow loris is undecided. PMID- 819405 TI - Effects of polyene macrolide antibiotics on normal and protoplast type L-form cells of Escherichia coli W1655F+. AB - The action of the polyene macrolide antibiotics mycotrienin, pimaricin, lucensomycin, tetramycin, rimocidin, nystatin, filipin, lagosin, pentaene antibiotic 2814P, flavomycoin, flavofungin, hexaene antibiotic 5001P, and candicidin, including perhydro derivatives of them, on wall-less stable protoplast type L-form and normal rod form cells of E. coli W1655F+ was studied. No inhibition of the normal rod form cells was detected. In contrast to these results the growth of the L-form cells was inhibited by all of the substances tested, with the exception of pimaricin. Further experiments have shown that the differences in sensitivity of normal and L-form cells cannot be explained by differences in sterol content, the target site of polyene antibiotics in sensitive eukaryotic cells. According to our results it is obvious that the cell wall of the normal cells functions as a penetration barrier to polyene antibiotics. PMID- 819406 TI - New antibiotics, griseusins A and B. Isolation and characterization. AB - New antibiotics, griseusins A and B were isolated from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. Both antibiotics have a 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone chromophore and their molecular formulae were determined to be C22H20O10 and C22H22O10, respectively. The griseusins are active against gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 819407 TI - De-esterification of cephalosporin para-nitrobenzyl esters by microbial enzymes. AB - Bacteria and actinomycetes were screened for esterase enzymes capable of removing the para-nitrobenzyl ester from cephalosporins. An esterase preparation from Bacillus subtilis was used to prepare cephalexin and 7-ADCA from the corresponding para-nitrobenzyl esters. PMID- 819408 TI - Mechanisms of streptomycin(SM)-resistance of highly SM-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. AB - Three clinical isolates, K-Ps 94, K-Ps 97 and K-Ps 102, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa having R factor and showing MIC of more than 51,200 mcg/ml to streptomycin (SM), were examined for mechanisms of SM-resistance. Among the strains, K-Ps 94 and K Ps 102 had R factor conferring SM-resistance. In K-Ps 94, the mechanism of SM resistance was mainly owing to SM-phosphorylating enzyme and also owing to decreased permeability by an R factor, kR94. In K-Ps 97, it was considered to be due to SM-adenylylating enzyme by the chromosomal gene but not R factor, kR97. In K-Ps 102, the reduced permeability of the cell membrane to SM by an R factor, kR102, and the reduced affinity of the ribosome to the drug by the chromosomal gene contributed to the mechanisms of SM-resistance. PMID- 819409 TI - Mechanism of chloramphenicol-resistance mediated by kR102 factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The chloramphenicol (CP)-resistance mechanism of five-drug-resistant R factor (kR102) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-Ps 102 derived from a clinical specimen was investigated. Neither inactivation by acetyltransferases of CP nor induced resistance by CP was recognized. Reduced affinity of the ribosome to the drug was not seen in the result of incorporation experiment of 14C-valine by phage f2 RNA and risosome of K-Ps 102. However, on spheroplasts by glycine treatment, remarkable increase of CP susceptibility was observed. From the above evidence, it was considered that the CP-resistance barrier controlled by kR102 factor would be in the cell wall and the surface layer of cytoplasma and that the mechanism of CP-resistance was possibly by decreased membrane permeability of CP. However, the susceptibility to CP of the susceptible strain still increased by the formation of spheroplasts. Consequently, it was considered that R factor might be controlling the function of membrane permeability of the cells. PMID- 819410 TI - Isolation of three new antibiotics, thiocillins I, II and III, related to micrococcin P. Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. VIII. AB - Thiocillins I and II were isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus cereus G 15, and thiocillins II and III from that of Bacillus badius AR-91. Also, the former two were probably produced by Bacillus megatherium I-13. These antibiotics active against Gram-positive bacteria are soluble in a mixture of chloroform and methanol, show characteristic ultraviolet absorptions (maxima at ca. 275 nm and ca. 348 nm), and contain a high content of sulfur, as much as approximately 15%. They are related to each other and also to micrococcin P, but differentiated by chromatographic behaviours. PMID- 819412 TI - The activity of penicillin and eight cephalosporins on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 819411 TI - Laboratory evaluation of FR10612, a new oral cephalosporin derivative. AB - FR10612, like cephalexin, is a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin derivative. The antimicrobial activity of FR10612 against clinical isolates was similar to cephalexin; however, at a low inoculum size its activity was greater than cephalexin against Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis strains. Like cephalexin, the in vitro bactericidal activity of FR10612 was more influenced by the duration of contact with the test organism than by drug concentration. The bactericidal activity of FR10612 against E. coli 317 was greater than that of cephalexin in an in vitro model system which simulated the serum levels of FR10612 and cephalexin achieved in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. The protein binding of FR10612 to human and animal serum was extremely low. FR10612 was resistant to beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacilli. It showed resistance similar to cephalexin, but was more resistant to beta-lactamases than were cephaloridine, cephalothin and cefazolin. The protective effect of FR10612 in mice infected with various pathogens was greater than cephalexin. The serum levels of FR10612 in rats were higher and more prolonged than those of cephalexin. Tissue levels of FR10612 in rats also persisted for a long time period reflecting the serum levels. In healthy volunteers, rabbits and monkeys the serum levels of FR10612 were initially lower than those of cephalexin but persisted for a longer time period. The total 24-hour urinary excretion of FR10612 in healthy volunteers after oral administration was almost the same as that of cephalexin, but the excretion rate of FR10612 was slower, and the urinary levels were more persistent than those of cephalexin. PMID- 819413 TI - Activity of amikacin at sub-inhibitory levels. PMID- 819414 TI - A method to obtain infusion schedules for prescribed blood concentration time courses. AB - It is sometimes desirable to obtain a specified blood level which obeys a prescribed mathematical form. Following an approach based on impulse analysis via Laplace Transform techniques, a general method for an input injection schedule which will achieve this goal is derived. Specific infusion schedules are given which attain blood levels that are constant, increase linearly, decay exponentially, and increase exponentially. Further, simpler approximate infusion schedules are also derived whose outputs achieve the desired function after a short time. Two illustrative experimental examples-one for [14C]EDTA-Ca in anesthetized rhesus monkeys and the other for 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose in the conscious rat-are presented in detail. The assumptions are discussed and an error analysis is performed. PMID- 819415 TI - Hyperbaric system for oxygen toxicity studies in the toad urinary bladder. AB - A hyperbaric research system to study the effects on membrane function of oxygen at pressures as high as 20 ATA has been designed. The system includes a pressure chamber capable of holding eight isolated toad bladder short-circuit current apparatuses and unique experimental gassing, diluent addition, and sampling systems which are monitored by a control panel mounted on the side of the pressure chamber. These externally controlled gassing, diluent, and sampling systems permit experimental manipulations at any ambient pressure and are a significant addition to the methodology of hyperbaric research. PMID- 819416 TI - Sweating responses during changes of hypothalamic temperature in the rhesus monkey. AB - A technique is presented for preparing a durable thermode implant in the hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey. In unanesthetized monkeys implanted with thermodes in the anterior hypothalamic area of the brain, a linear relation was found between local sweat rates on the general body surface and clamped hypothalamic temperature. Changes in skin temperature were found to shift the hypothalamic set-point temperature at which sweating began but did not alter the gain of the hypothalamic temperature-sweat rate relationship. This study provides direct support for the concept that central brain temperature and skin temperature interact additively in the control of sweating in higher primates. Due to the very close similarity between these responses and those seen with indirect measurements of brain temperature in men, the rhesus monkey is seen as an excellent experimental analogue for studying human thermoregulation. PMID- 819417 TI - Autonomic thermoregulation in squirrel monkey when behavioral regulation is limited. AB - Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a cold environment (10, 0, or -5 degrees C) learned to partially control their chamber air temperature by pulling a chain for 10-s reinforcements of 30 degrees C air. A maximal response rate of 5/min produced an average air temperature (24-27 degrees C), well below their preferred 35 degrees C. Metabolic heat production was elebtaed 0.3-1.0 W/kg. Preoptic cooling (via stereotaxically implanted thermodes) stimulated increased metabolic heat production, with a resultant rise in core temperature. Preoptic warming stimulated reduced heat production and some peripheral vasodilation, resulting in a fall in core tenperature. The metabolic response of all animals was directly related to the skin-to-air temperature difference (Tsk - TA). Usually, mean skin temperature remained essentially unchanges as a result of a steady behavioral response rate. An increase in metabolic heat production was observed in one monkey during preoptic warming. The study demonstrated that even when behavioral thermoregulation is inefficient, it is generally sustained with maximal vigor over long periods. This behavior is then supplemented by appropriate autonomic adjustments when necessary to achieve full regulation of the body temperature. PMID- 819418 TI - Lipids of Branhamella catarrhalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Three strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and three strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed with regard to their phospholipid and neutral lipid composition. B. catarrhalis (ATCC 23246) contained 5.12 +/- 0.34% lipid, determined gravimetrically, compared to 8.56 +/- 0.15% and 9.73 +/- 0.06% for two strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were identified in extracts of both species. In addition, B. catarrhalis contained small amounts of phosphatidylcholine, and N. gonorrhoeae contained small amounts of lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, which accumulated with autolysis accompanying late cell culture growth. The kinetics of change of relative amounts of phospholipids in both species were measured and found to differ substantially. Neutral lipid accounted for 30.4% of the total lipid of B. catarrhalis (ATCC 23246) and 7.6% of the total lipid of N. gonorrhoeae NYH 002. Hydrocarbons, triglycerides, free fatty acids, coenzyme Q, diglycerides, and free hydroxy fatty acids were identified in the neutral lipid fraction of both species. The three strains of N. gonorrhoeae, sensitive, intermediate, and resistant to penicillin, exhibited no significant difference in the composition or metabolism of phospholipid. PMID- 819419 TI - Modified nucleosides of Bacillus subtilis transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - An analysis of the kinds and amounts of minor nucleosides of transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNA's) from Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 is presented. Identification and quantitation were accomplished using ion exclusion chromatography, thin-layer and paper chromatography, and ultraviolet absorption properties. Nucleosides and their amount in moles per 80 residues are as follows: guanosine (25.7), cytidine (22.0), adenosine (15.2), uridine (13.1), 5-methyluridine (0.98), pseudouridine (1.54), 1-methyladenosine (0.15), N6-methyladenosine (0.01), 7-methyladenosine (0.10), 2-methyladenosine (0.03), 7-methylguanosine (0.20), N2-methylguanosine (0.14), 1-methylguanosine (0.14), a methylated pyrimidine (0.17), a methylated derivative of N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine (0.02), ribose methylated nucleosides (0.02), 4-thiouridine (0.12), 2-thio-5-(N-methylaminomethyl) (0.09), and an unknown thionucleoside (0.12). Although the composition is similar to that of Escherichia coli in the proportion of major nucleosides, the content of pseudouridine and 5-methyluridine, and the degree of base and ribose methylation, the composition is more similar to that of the tRNA's of yeast and higher organisms in its lower degree of thiolation, the presence of significant amounts of 1-methyladenosine, and the low levels of 2-methyladenosine and 6 methyladenosine. Therefore, the nucleoside composition of B. subtilis presents some different aspects from those usually given as characteristic for bacterial tRNA's. It is not known whether these differences are due to variation between bacterial species in general or related to the process of differentiation. PMID- 819421 TI - Peptidoglycan synthesis and turnover in cell division mutants of Agmenellum. AB - The synthesis and turnover of peptidoglycan in Agmenellum quadruplicatum was investigated using D-[U-14C]alanine followed by proteolytic digestion. The rate of turnover of alanine in the peptide portion of the peptidoglycan was measured in strain BG-1 and in two division mutants of this strain: one was blocked in cell separation; and the other was a low-temperature, conditional cell division mutant. The peptide portion of peptidoglycan turned over in all three strains tested, but no correlation was observed between septum formation or cell separation and the rate of turnover. Peptidoglycan synthesis was measured during induced division in snake forms of strain SN-29. A stimulation of peptidoglycan synthesis was observed during the period of cross-wall formation, even in the absence of new protein synthesis. Thus in A. quadruplicatum, cross-wall synthesis is accompanied by a stimulation of peptidoglycan synthesis. PMID- 819420 TI - Study of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid modification in relation to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A reversal in the relative amounts of the two major species of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNATyr) (I and II) has been previously observed by others during the development of Bacillus subtilis. These species have been purified by benzoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and were shown to differ by the modification of an adenosine residue (species I contains i6A and species II ms2i6A). As suggested by competitive hybridization assays, they might possess the same nucleotide sequence. A tRNATyr species lacking isopentenyl and methylthio moieties was not detected. The structural difference between species I and II was shown to be important for ribosome binding but not for charging. The extent of alteration during growth was studied in parallel with physiological events. Like sporulation, tRNATyr change is iron dependent. Moreover, when sporulation is prevented by an excess of glucose, the tRNATyr change is delayed as is the synthesis of enzymatic systems required for the onset of sporulation. tRNATyr change also demands unceasing protein synthesis. PMID- 819422 TI - Segregation of Bacillus subtilis chromosomes radioactively labeled during the first round of replication after germination of spores. AB - Spores of Bacillus subtilis W23 thy his were allowed to incorporate [3H]thymine for short periods of time either continuously from, or soon after, the start of the first round of replication after germination. They were then transferred to nonradioactive medium to allow growth into microcolonies (up to 12 cells), which were autoradiographed. The relative numbers of various types (major versus minor) of grain clusters associated with individual microcolonies throughout the populations were scored. Analysis of the results showed clearly that, in the majority of spores at least, only one chromosome was undergoing replication soon after the start of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Furthermore, under the conditions used, no evidence for initiation of replication of a second chromosome within 25 min after the first could be obtained. Accepting that B. subtilis spores are essentially homogenous in deoxyribonucleic acid content, the results support the conclusion that the spore contains only one copy of the chromosome, not two. PMID- 819424 TI - Uptake of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis has a constitutive system for the uptake of alpha-keto-beta methylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, and (probably) alpha-ketoisocaproate. A mutation, kauA1, which blocks the uptake of alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate and alpha-ketoisovalerate, is located between metB and citK on the B. subtilis chromosome. PMID- 819425 TI - Localization of glycogen synthetase during differentiation of presumptive cell types in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Ultramicrochemical techniques were utilized to assay glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) activity in cell samples of Dictyostelium discoideum as small as 0.01 mug (dry weight) in reaction volumes of 0.1 mul. The activity was assayed by an amplification procedure employing the enzymatic cycling of pyridine nucleotides. These techniques were used to determine the extent of localization of glycogen synthetase in the two cell types during differentiation of D. discoideum. Localization studies in developing spore cells revealed decreasing enzyme activity to the culmination stage. During this phase of development, the enzyme required the presence of soluble glycogen for activity. From culmination to sorocarp stage, enzyme activity increased and was independent of the soluble glycogen. In developing stalk cells, synthetase showed a decreasing gradient of activity. In sorocarps, the cells in the stalk apex showed synthetase activity similar to that of the spores. The cells at the bottom of the stalk had no detectable activity. PMID- 819426 TI - Studies on the subsite structure of amylases. II. Difference-spectrophotometric studies on the interaction of maltotriose with liquefying alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - The difference spectra of liquefying alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from B. subtilis upon the addition of a slowly reacting substrate, maltotriose, were measured to investigate specific binding of the substrate to the enzyme. The spectra produced by maltotriose were attributed to one tryptophan and one tyrosine residues on the basis of analysis of their shape and magnitude. From the dependence of the difference absorption upon the concentration of maltotriose, the dissociation constant of the maltotriose-enzyme complex was determined to be 170(+/- 20) mM, which is in good agreement with the Michaelis constant, Km obtained from the steady-state kinetics. The difference spectrum characteristic of a tryptophan residue was significantly decreased by the chemical modification of a trytophan residue with N-bromosuccinimide. PMID- 819423 TI - Purification, quaternary structure, composition, and properties of D-ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase from Thiobacillus intermedius. AB - D-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase has been purified from glutamate CO2-S2O3(2)-grown Thiobacillus intermedius by pelleting the enzyme from the high speed supernatant and by intermediary crystallization followed by sedimentation into a discontinuous 0.2 to 0.8 M sucrose gradient. The enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of several acrylamide concentrations, sedimentation velocity and equilibrium measurements, and electron microscopic observations of negatively stained preparations. The molecular weights of the enzyme determined by sedimentation equilibrium and light scattering measurements averaged 462,500 +/- 13,000. The enzyme consisted of closely similar or identical polypeptide chains of a molecular weight of 54,500 +/- 5,450 determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The S(0)20,w of the enzyme was 18.07S +/- 0.22. Electron microscopic examination suggested that the octomeric enzyme (inferred from the molecular measurements mentioned) had a cubical structure. The specific activity of the enzyme was 2.76 mumol of RuBP-dependent CO2 fixed/min per mg of protein (at pH 8 and 30 C), and the turnover number in terms of moles of CO2 fixed per mole of catalytic site per second was 2.6. The enzyme was stable for 3 months at 20 C and at least 4 weeks at 0 C. The apparent Km for CO2 was 0.75 mM, and Km values for RuBP and Mg2+ were 0.076 and 3.6 mM, respectively. Dialyzed enzyme could be fully reactivated by the addition of 20 mM Mg2+ and partially reactivated by 20 mM Co2+, but Cd2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ had no effect. The compound 6-phosphogluconate was a linear competitive inhibitor with respect to RuBP when it had been preincubated with enzyme, Mg2+, and HCO3-. PMID- 819427 TI - Effects of potassium chloride and temperature on the kinetics of recombination of heavy and light chains of a human IgGl myeloma protein. AB - The effects of KCl and temperature on the kinetics of the recombination reaction of alkylated H and L chains of a human myeloma protein were studied by means of circular dichroism (CD). The recombination rate was considerably reduced by the presence of KCl. The results of the difference spectra showed that tryptophyl residue(s) in L chains are perturbed by KCl. No changes in the CD and absorption spectra with KCl concentration were observed for H chains and recombined H2L2. The change in the rate constant with KCl concentration paralleled the changes in the CD at 235 nm and the difference in molar extinction coefficient at 293 nm. These facts suggest that the reduction of the recombination rate in the presence of KCl is due to a change in the conformation of L chains as a result of specific interaction with chloride ions or by a shift to the dimer form in the monomer dimer equilibrium of L chains. The rate constant showed a temperature dependence with an activation energy of 17.4 kcal/mole. PMID- 819429 TI - Demonstration of pyroglutamylpeptidase and amidase activities toward thyrotropin releasing hormone in hamster hypothalamus extracts. AB - Using a radioimmunoassay method for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-metabolizing activity in various hamster tissues was demonstrated. While there was substantial activity degrading thyrotropin releasing hormone in hypothalamus, there was a notable absence of such activity in pituitary. The enzymatic activity in the hypothalamus was shown to be soluble and separable into two fractions. Analysis of the metabolic products formed by the two enzymes indicated that one possessed an amidase activity (less than Glu His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu-His-Pro) and the other possessed pyroglutamylpeptidase activity (less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu+His-Pro-NH2). Other peptides containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid or COOH-terminal amide groups did not block the hydrolysis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, suggesting that the enzymes were specific. Some inhibitors preferentially blocked the activity of one or the other enzymes. Of possible biological significance is the observation that thyroid-stimulating hormone inhibited the amidase activity while hydrocortisone inhibited the pyroglutamylpeptidase activity. PMID- 819430 TI - Transport and utilization of methyltetrahydrofolates by Lactobacillus casei. AB - Transport of labeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-H4PteGlu) and 5-methyl H4PteGlu5 by Lactobacillus casei was via a carrier-mediated system. Both the natural (l) and unnatural (d) diastereoisomers were transported. Active transport was only demonstrated with the monoglutamate. Comparisons of growth rates with transport rates demonstrated that pteroypolyglutamates were more effectively utilized by L. casei than the monglutamate derivatives. The rate-limiting step in the utilization of higher polyglutamates was their transport into the cell, and in the case of the oxidized polyglutamates, their reduction. Utilization of monoglutamates was not limited by their transport but by metabolism, which also explains the different types of growth response curves observed between monoglutamates and higher polyglutamates. This phenomenon, sometimes called positive drift, prevents normalization of these growth curves. The rate-limiting step with the monoglutamates appears to be either the metabolism of 5-methyl H4PteGlu or their conversion to polyglutamate forms. PMID- 819428 TI - Affinity chromatography of trypsin and related enzymes. III. Purification of Streptomyces griseus trypsin using an affinity adsorbent containing a tryptic digest of protamine as a ligand. AB - A new, simple method has been developed for the purification of Streptomyces griseus trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] from Pronase. Only a single operation of affinity chromatography on an agarose derivative, which was easily prepared by coupling a tryptic digest of salmine to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B, was required. A high degree of homogeneity was demonstrated for the purified enzyme by disc electrophoresis, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, as well as by active-site titration. The behavior of a carboxypeptides B [EC 3.4.12.3]-like enzyme present in Pronase is also discussed. PMID- 819431 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from rat liver. Its purification, properties, and immunochemical studies. AB - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.34) was purified from rat liver microsomes after solubilization by a slow freezing and thawing method. The purification was accomplished by a five-step procedure involving incubation at 37 degrees, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ultrafiltration, and column chromatography on Bio-Gel A-0.5m and Sephadex G-200. The specific activities of the purified enzyme preparations were up to 480 nmol of mevalonate formed/min/mg of protein, which represented an increase of 350-fold above that of the microsomes. The purified enzyme was found to be essentially homogeneous as evidences by the usual criteria. A subunit molecular weight of 120,000 was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On gel filtration a number of different molecular weight forms were observed which seem to be influenced by temperature, method of purification, and possibly an enzyme-Bio-Gel A-0.5m interaction. The solubilized enzyme consisted predominantly of a species with a molecular weight slightly greater than 200,000 by gel filtration and may be a dimer of two 120,000 subunits. The purified preparation contained lipids; the total cholesterol content was 18 mug/mg of enzyme protein and corresponds to a ratio of 5 mol of cholesterol/enzyme subunit of 120,000 daltons. The specificity of rabbit antiserum prepared against the purified enzyme was demonstrated by double diffusion analysis and quantitative precipitin reactions with solubilized enzyme. The antiserum, in addition to inhibiting the activity of solubilized enzyme also blocked the activity of intact microsomes. The microsomal HMG-CoA reductase is accessible to the antibody, indicating a localization of the enzyme on the outer cytoplasmic surface of the membranes. Intestinal microsomal HMG-CoA reductase was shown to cross-react with antibody to the liver enzyme. PMID- 819432 TI - Direct transfer of the phosphoryl moiety of mannitol 1-phosphate to [14C]mannitol catalyzed by the enzyme II complexes of the phosphoenolpyruvate: mannitol phosphotransferase systems in Spirochaeta aurantia and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Spirochaeta aurantia possesses a phosphoenolpyruvate:mannitol phosphotransferase system which catalyzes the transmembrane transport and phosphorylation of mannitol. In vitro studies showed that both phosphoenolpyruvate and mannitol 1 phosphate could serve as phosphate donors. The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent reaction required two soluble proteins, Enzyme SI and HPr, and an integral membrane complex, Enzyme SII. Only Enzyme SII was required for the mannitol 1 phosphate-dependent reaction. Enzyme II-dependent transphosphorylation of sugars was also demonstrated in eubacterial extracts. The results lead to the suggestion that the Enzyme II complexes of bacterial phosphotransferase systems possess nonoverlapping binding sites for sugar and sugar phosphate. PMID- 819433 TI - Ecto-5'-nucleotidase of intact cultured C6 rat glioma cells. AB - The characteristics of 5'-nucleotidase in a clonal line (C6) of rat glioma cells has been examined in detail. The cells liberated 6.80 +/- 0.33 mumol of inorganic phosphate/mg of cell protein/hour, producing nearly equimolar amounts of adenosine and inorganic phosphate from AMP in the extracellular fluid. No 5' nucleotidase was released by the cells into the medium. Most of the 5' nucleotidase activity was found to be located in the outer surface of the plasma membrane of C6 cells and rapidly accessible to exogenous AMP, by experiments based upon differential labeling of extracellular and intracellular compartments with 32P and 33P. The ecto-enzyme was active in the absence of divalent cations. However, Mn2+ or Co2+ were somewhat stimulatory. Zn2+ suppressed activity very markedly. The relationship of enzymatic reaction velocity to pH was complex, with an optimum at pH 7.4 for all substrates tested. The ecto-5'-nucleotidase readily hydrolyzed 5'-AMP and 5'-UMP. Other 5'-nucleoside monophosphates, including 5' deoxy-AMP, were also hydrolyzed, but more slowly; 2'- or 3'-nucleoside monophosphates were not attacked. The ecto-5'-nucleotidase in the intact cell obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Apparent Km for AMP was 0.22 mM; apparent Km values for other substrates were similar and ranged from 0.16 to 0.18 mM. ADP exerted a very powerful inhibitory effect, behaving as a competitive inhibitor, and 5'-UMP behaved as a strictly competitive substrate for 5'-AMP. ATP and ITP were inhibitory. Of these, ITP served to increase Km for AMP. ATP did likewise, but also greatly lowered Vmax. These findings indicate that the intact cell is capable of rapid hydrolysis of exogenous 5'-AMP, to produce adenosine at the cell surface at a rate which responds directly to extracellular AMP concentration but which can be suppressed by extracellular ADP or ATP. PMID- 819434 TI - Isolation of chick renal mitochondrial ferredoxin active in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase system. AB - An iron-sulfur protein has been isolated from chick kidney mitochondria and purified (200-fold as determined enzymatically by its NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in the presence of adrenodoxin reductase) on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified protein showed an absorption peak at 411 nm with a shoulder at 460 nm. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum was typical of a ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur protein with g values: gx=gy-1.94 and gz=2.02. The molecular weight was estimated by gel filtration to be 12,500. When tested against anti-adrenodoxin gamma-globulin, the protein showed a precipitin line that fused completely with that of adrenodoxin. Based on these findings it is concluded that this protein is an iron-sulfur protein quite similar to adrenal ferredoxin. In the presence of adrenoxodin reductase, NADPH, and carbon monoxide, the purified renal ferredoxin was found to be active in the reduction of cytochrome P-450 solubilized from chick kidney mitochondria. It was also effective in the reconstituted 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase composed of the cytochrome P-450 from rachitic chick kidneys and adrenodoxin reductase. A ferredoxin reductase isolated from chick kidney mitochondria could replace adrenodoxin reductase in the reconstituted system. These results strongly support a previous conclusion that the kidney mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylation system consists of a renal ferredoxin reductase (presumably a flavoprotein), renal ferredoxin, and cytochrome P-450. PMID- 819435 TI - Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Independent addition of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine to oligosaccharides. AB - Pentasaccharide 6-sulfate and hexasaccharide 6-sulfate were prepared from chondroitin 6-sulfate. Each oligosaccharide was incubated with a chick cartilage microsomal enzyme preparation and UDP [14C] glucuronic acid and/or UDP-N-[3H] acetylgalactosamine. As previously reported by other investigators, a single sugar was added from UDP-[14C] glucuronic acid to the nonreducing end of pentasaccharide 6-sulfate and from UDP-N-[3H] acetylgalactosamine to the nonreducing end of hexasaccharide 6-sulfate. The labeled oligosaccharides were characterized by gel chromatography and degradation by chondroitinase ABC followed by identification of products. The oligosaccharides in concentrations above their Km inhibited chondroitin synthesis on endogenous primers, reinforcing the assumption that the enzymes involved in the additions to exogenous oligosaccharides are the same as those involved in chondroitin polymerization. When either the pentasaccharide 6-sulfate or hexasaccharide 6-sulfate was incubated in reaction mixtures containing both of the sugar nucleotides there was generally growth of oligosaccharide by two or three sugars. With longer incubation under conditions of limiting oligosaccharide concentration, as many as 14 to 16 sugars could be added but no further chondroitin polymerization took place. Addition of each sugar was shown to depend upon the concentration of appropriate acceptor but was otherwise independent of the addition of the alternate sugar. No paired addition of sugars was noted. It was concluded that two specific enzymes are involved in alternate additions of sugars to the oligosaccharides and that the two enzymes have no apparent interaction with one another. It is suggested that the rapid polymerization to form large chondroitin chains which previously has been shown to take place on endogenous primers is facilitated by interaction of the two enzymes with a component of the endogenous primer. This component is not present in the exogenous oligosaccharides since they do not serve in the same fashion as primers for polymerization. PMID- 819436 TI - Temperature dependence of cytochrome P-450 reduction. A model for NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase:cytochrome P-450 interaction. AB - The NADPH-dependent reduction of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been studied as a function of temperature. In the temperature range 4-37 degrees the reduction reaction was found to be biphasic and composed of two concurrent first order processes. This phenomenon was observed with microsomes from untreated and phenobarbital-induced animals in the presence or absence of exogenous Type I substrates. The amount of cytochrome P-450 reduced in the fast phase comprised approximately 70% of the total cytochrome P-450 at temperatures above 20 degrees. The temperature dependence of the fast phase was unusual for a membrane-bound enzyme system in that it lacked a discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot at a presumed phase transition temperature for the microsomal membrane. The slow phase of reduction behaved in a normal fashion for a membrane-bound enzyme system with a break in the Arrhenius plot at about 20 degrees. The data presented here combined with previous observations which include (a) the ratio of cytochrome P 450 to NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (NADPH:ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) is 20:1, (b) the catalytic portion of the reductase molecule probably protrudes above the surface of the membrane, and (c) the cytochrome P-450 molecules are presumably embedded in the membrane support the hypothesis that the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system exists as clusters with most of the cytochrome P-450 molecules arranged about a central reductase molecule. This central flavoprotein reductase is able to randomly reduce those cytochrome P-450 molecules within the cluster without translational motion through the microsomal membrane. The slow phase of reduction represents the reduction of those molecules not directly associated with the clusters. PMID- 819437 TI - Calcium-dependent stimulation of erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid incorporation by the ionophore A23187. AB - Treatment of human erythrocytes with A23187, a divalent cation ionophore, results in a calcium-dependent increase in the rate of incorporation of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids into phosphatidylethanolamine. Incorporation of fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine is unaffected by A23187. This calcium-dependent stimulation of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acid turnover by A23187 may be related to the changes in erythrocyte membrane function induced by A23187 that have been observed previously. PMID- 819438 TI - Purification and binding properties of human platelet factor four. AB - Methods are described for the purification of a heparin-neutralizing protein from human platelets. The protein, obtained by conventional or affinity chromatographic techniques, is homogeneous by disc and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and gel electrofocusing and can be obtained in a final yield of 75%. The protein has a subunit molecular weight of 9600, an isoelectric point at pH 7.6, and 18% basic and 22% acidic amino acid residues. The purified heparin-neutralizing protein forms dissociable complexes with heparin as measured by electrophoretic and Millipore filtration techniques employing [3H]heparin. The ability of a series of sulfated glycosaminoglycans to displace [3H]heparin from the binding protein was compared. The mole ratios required were: heparin less than heparan sulfate less than dermatan sulfate less than chondroitin 6-sulfate less than chondroitin 4-sulfate. Although the degree of sulfation of the aminoglycans correlated with the ability to displace [3H]heparin, the conformation fo the carboxyl group of the uronic acid and the location of the sulfate groups on the amino sugar also influenced the affinity for the protein. Evidence is also presented that binding to aminoglycans occurs via ionic interactions between lysine residues on the protein and negatively charged groups on the aminoglycan. Chemical modification of lysines by guanidination decreased heparin-neutralizing and binding activity, while modification of arginine residues had no effect. Heparin could prevent lysine modification when specifically bound to the heparin-neutralizing protein, but did not prevent lysine modification of other proteins. PMID- 819439 TI - Regulation of glycogen synthetase. Effects of trypsin on the structure, activity, and phosphorylation of the skeletal muscle enzyme. AB - Incubation of purified skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase I with trypsin (10 mug/ml) for 15 min decreased the Stokes radius of the enzyme from 68 A to 62 A and the subunit molecular weight from 90,000 to about 73,000. No decrease in the sedimentation coefficient of 13.3 S could be detected. It was calculated that native synthetase I is a tetramer of molecular weight 360,000 to 370,000. Trypsin also catalyzed a decrease in the synthetase activity ratio (minus glucose-6-P to plus glucose-6-P) largely by reducing minus glucose-6-P activity. The magnitude of the trypsin effect on the synthetase activity ratio was very similar to that produced by phosphorylation of synthetase by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The activity ratio could be lowered from that characteristic of synthetase I, 0.85, to 0.25 either by trypsin digestion or by incorporation of 1 mol of Pi per mol of synthetase subunit. An activity ratio of less than 0.05 could be obtained in three ways as follows, (a) phosphorylation to 2 Pi/subunit, (b) phosphorylation to 1 Pi/subunit (ratio=0.25) followed by trypsin treatment, (c) trypsin treatment (ratio=0.25) followed by phosphorylation. When trypsinized synthetase was phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, 1 Pi/subunit was incorporated. Trypsin (6 mug/ml) led to a rapid release of about 50% of the radioactivity from 32P-synthetase regardless of whether the enzyme contained 1 or 2 phosphates per subunit. It was concluded that two sites on the enzyme subunit are highly susceptible to phosphorylation catalyzed by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The data indicate that the 1st mol of Pi incorporated is distributed about equally between the two sites. A model is proposed to account for these observations. The data further indicate that a peptide containing one site is removed by trypsin. This reduces enzyme activity to the same extent as does phosphorylation of the site in the intact protein. PMID- 819440 TI - Adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum. Steady state kinetics of the forward and reverse reactions. AB - The kinetic mechanism of ATP sulfurylase was established from initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead-end inhibition studies. In the forward direction, the reaction is steady state ordered, with MgATP=A, sulfate=B, MgPP1=P, and APS=Q.KmA=0.38 mM, Kia=0.71 mM, KmB=0.50 mM. Nitrate and chlorate are competive with sulfate and uncompetitive with MgATP. KiNO3-=0.25 mM; KiC1O3-= 0.15 mM. AMP and various MgATP analogs are competitive with MgATP and mixed-type inhibitors with respect to SO42-. The Ki for AMP is 0.55 mM. The reaction is rapid equilibrium ordered in the reverse direction with Kiq=0.3 to 1.0 muM and Kmp=0.65 muM. Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) exhibits competitive substrate inhibition (KIQ=0.3 mM). The ratio Vmaxf/Vmaxr is 0.018. In the forward direction the ratio VmaxMoO42-/VmaxSO42- is 20. The Keq at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees calculated from the Haldane equation is 6 X 10(-9) to 3.3 X 10(-8) (depending on the Kiq value chosen). The experimental Keq is about 2.5 X 10(-9). The fact that Vmax/Vmaxr is about 1 million times greater than Keq is consistent with the assumed physiological role of the enzyme (APS synthesis). The mechanistic basis of the ordered binding sequence was probed by multiple inhibition analysis. Dead-end inhibitors competitive with MgATP (such as free ATP, Mg alpha,beta-methylene ATP, CrATP, and CaATP) do not induce substrate inhibition by sulfate or alter the inhibition patterns displayed by nitrate. This result suggests (but does not prove) that catalytic action on MgATP must precede the formation of the sulfate binding site. PMID- 819441 TI - [Bioavailability and metabolism studies on clopirac (author's transl)]. PMID- 819442 TI - Proposal for using tissue culture for the potency test of smallpox vaccine. PMID- 819444 TI - Detection of antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in ager gel with different antigens and immunodiffusion patterns. PMID- 819443 TI - Inactivation of mycoplasmas by use of phenol, formalin and beta-propiolactone. PMID- 819445 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the leg. Late results. AB - Forty-six patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the leg were followed for twelve years or more. Forty of these patients were examined, interviewed, or both from 1974 to 1975. Congenital pseudarthrosis is a condition most often combined with neurofibromatosis. In neurofibromatosis the prognosis of the pseudarthrosis is dependent on the roentgenographic type. Of the procedures used, insertion of intramedullary rods and grafting gave the highest rate of union. Atrophy, shortening, valgus deformity, and limited range of motion complicated the functional results. PMID- 819446 TI - Disodium etidronate in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of heterotopic ossification in spinal-cord injury patients. AB - Disodium etidronate was used in a clinical trial with four patients to study its effectiveness in preventing the recurrence of mineralization after surgical removal of heterotopic ossification. These patients, who had sustained injuries to the spinal cord followed by anklysos of the hip, had seven surgical wedge resections as part of a controlled or double-blind study. Roentgenograms showed that in the resections done without the drug there was recurrence within three weeks, whereas with the drug there was no sign of recurrence as long as the drug was administered. After discontinuation of drug therapy, recurrence was variable but less than expected. Disodium etidronate is the first therapeutic agent which may delay and partially prevent postoperative recurrence of heterotopic ossification. PMID- 819447 TI - Neurofibromatous scoliosis. Natural history and results of treatment in thirty seven cases. AB - Of 400 patients with the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis on their hospital records, 141 actually had the disease. The presence of at least two of the following features was considered diagnostic: positive family history; positive biopsy; a minimum of six cafe-au-lait spots, each with a diameter of at least 1.5 centimeters; and multiple subcutaneous neurofibromas. Scoliosis was present in thirty-seven patients (26 per cent), most commonly associated with cafe-au-lait spots (thirty-five patients). In many of the patients with scoliosis there were associated medical and surgical problems. Although no standard pattern of spinal deformity could be identified, a sharp single right thoracic curve involving more than five vertebrae was the most common. For the whole group the initial measurement of the scoliosis averaged 42 degrees. Double curves were more sever, buth kyphosis was uncommon and no cases of paraplegia were recorded. In patients with progressive scoliosis, the best results were obtained with early Harrington instrumentation and posterior spine fusion. Progression of the scoliosis was observed both before treatment and postoperatively. The amount of progression was not necessarily related to the severity of other manifestations of neurofibromatosis, and was not significantly dependent on the length of the curve. PMID- 819448 TI - Patterns of calcium localization in pancreatic endocrine cells. AB - Subcellular calcium localization in the dndocrine cells of rat pancreas was studied by the pyroantimonate precipitation technique. Calcium-containing electron-dense deposits in the endocrine cells were mostly found within secretory granules and along the plasma membrane, but their pattern of distribution in A-, B- and D-cells displayed qualitative and quantitative differences. In B-cells, numerous secretory granules contained deposits located in the halo surrounding the granule core. In A-cells, only few granules contained precipitates in their halo, whereas in D-cells, deposits were situated in the dense core of the secretory granules. Deposits along the plasma membrane occurred generally on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of B- and D-cells and on the inner leaflet of that of A-cells. In islets incubated at a high glucose concentration or in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187, the number of beta granules containing precipitates was significantly increased. By contrast, only few deposits were observed in B-cells incubated in calcium-deprived medium enriched with EGTA. These findings indicate that: the pattern of calcium localization varies in different islet cell types; in B-cells the secretory granules represent one of the major stores of intracellular calcium; and that this store undergoes changes in conditions which alter insulin release. PMID- 819449 TI - Studies of enzyme-mediated reactions. Part VI. Stereochemical course of the dehydrogenation of stereospecifically labelled benzylamines by the amine oxidase from pea seedlings (E.C. 1.4.3.6.). PMID- 819450 TI - Effects of maternal and peer separations on young monkeys. PMID- 819451 TI - Evaluation of environmental polychlorobiphenyls and DDE in terms of mixtures of commercial preparations from peak heights of packed-column gas chromatograms using a programmable calculator. AB - A method is proposed for evaluating gas chromatograms of multi-component PCB mixtures and superposed single components simultaneously. Apparent concentrations relative to a calibration mixture are assigned to a number of suitable peaks, and the apparent concentrations are related to the true concentrations by a set of linear equations, which are solved by least-squares approximation. The results are provided with an estimate of their confidence intervals. PMID- 819452 TI - Determination of dihydroergotoxine alkaloids by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of dihydroergotoxine alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergokryptine and dihydroergocornine), involving quantitative decomposition of the compounds catalysed by a metal surface. GLC was carried out with 2% Dexsil 300 on Gas-Chrom Q as stationary phase, with temperature programming. For the quantitation, phenylbutazone was used as the internal standard. PMID- 819453 TI - Prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with secondary amenorrhea: the effect of bromocriptine. AB - Prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) responses to a 200 mug intravenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) bolus were measured by radioimmunoassay in 11 women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and 9 with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea. In all cases, the tests were carried out under basal conditions and repeated during bromocriptine treatment. In women whose basal PRL level was normal; TRH caused a maximal PRL increment of 85 +/- 25.2 mug/l (mean +/- SE), while those women whose basal PRL level was raised showed a smaller increase (5.2 +/- 11.9 mug/l) (P=0.02). The peak levels were not significantly different in these two groups (95.0 +/- 26.7 and 134.6 +/- 35.9 mug/l) (P is greater than 0.1). During bromocriptine treatment, the raised PRL levels decreased in all cases, but levels over 30 mug/l remained in 3 patients, one of whom turned out to have a pituitary tumor. Prolactin responses to TRH were markedly inhibited in normoprolactinemic patients by the dose of bromocriptine used. The mean maximal net increase of PRL was 2.0 +/- 0.9 mug/l in normoprolactinemic patients and 11.0 +/- 8.1 mug/l in hyperprolactinemic patients taking bromocriptine. After TRH stimulation during bromocriptine, the peak PRL levels in hyperprolactinemic patients were higher (32.7 +/- 10.5 mug/l) than in normoprolactinemic patients (7.2 +/- 1.5 mug/l). Unlike what has been described for hypothyroid patients, the basal TSH level in euthyroid amenorrhea patients was not affected by bromocriptine, and we found that bromocriptine has no effect on the TRH-TSH response. PMID- 819454 TI - Effect of sonic treatment on pure cultures and aggregates of bacteria. AB - Pure cultures of a variety of bacteria were treated with ultrasonic energy using a sonic probe. Fractions of organisms killed at different sonic energies were calculated, and Streptococcus mutans was 600 times more resistant than Fusobacterium nucleatum, the most sensitive organism tested. The effects of sonic treatment on aggregates of bacteria were examined, and the results were interpreted as a model of the events that probably occur during the sonic dispersion of dental plaque. PMID- 819455 TI - Antibody response to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Various techniques were compared to determine the most sensitive method for detection of rocky Mountain spotted fever antibody. A radiometabolic technique for detection of Rocky Mountain spotted fever antibody is also described. In infected monkeys, the fluorescent antibody technique yielded the earliest evidence of seroconversion; with some monkeys the microagglutination procedure was equally effective. The fluorescent antibody and microagglutination measurements showed higher titers than those for complement fixation, Weil-Felix, or the radiometabolic techniques. PMID- 819456 TI - Procedure for fluorescent-antibody staining of virus-infected cell cultures in plastic plates. AB - Acetone fixation and fluorescent-antibody staining of virus-infected cell cultures were performed in plastic plates. Proper addition of acetone as a fixative did not alter the plastic. PMID- 819457 TI - The effect of phospholipase C on human blood platelets. AB - The effect of phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) on human blood platelets has been studied. Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus was purified to homogeneity as judged by analytical and sodium dodecyl sulphate disc gel electrophoresis and by immunoelectrophoresis. Human platelets isolated from platelet-rich plasma by gel filtration or by centrifugation and washing were incubated with phospholipase C. A loss of 20-45% of the total platelet phospholipid was observed, whereas 88% was hydrolyzed when platelet homogenates were submitted to identical enzyme treatment. Intact platelets lost 50-75% phosphatidylethanolamine, 20-50% phosphatidylcholine, and 20-25% phosphatidylserine. Sphingomyelin was not a substrate for the enzyme under the conditions used. The platelets contained no detectable endogenous phospholipase C activity. The loss of phospholipid was not accompanied by aggregation of the platelets, nor did the platelets lose their ability to aggregate with ADP or thrombin. Total platelet factor 3 releasable by freezing and thawing was reduced. Measurements of releasable platelet factor 4 and the efflux of serotonin showed that no release reaction was triggered even when up to 45% of the total phospholipid in the platelets was hydrolyzed. When sphingomyelinase was added together with, before, or after phospholipase C, aggregation occurred. Sphingomyelinase alone gave no aggregation. The gel filtered platelets also aggregated upon addition of purified phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens. The distribution of phospholipids in the platelet membrane is discussed. PMID- 819458 TI - Herpes gestationis. Immunopathology and characterization of the HG factor. AB - Five patients with herpes gestationis, a blistering disease of pregnancy, were studied immunologically. All had in vivo deposition of C3 in a linear band along the basement membrane zone of lesional and normal-appearing skin, the location of early blister formation. Immunoglobulin deposition was more variable, though four patients had evidence of in vivo bound IgG at the same site. A circulating, complement binding herpes gestationis factor was demonstrated in the sera of four of the patients, its concentration unrelated to the activity of clinical disease. Characterization of this factor by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, specific absorption studies, and papain digestion indicates that it is an IgG. Evidence exists for involvement of both the classical and alternate complement pathways in vivo, though in vitro studies implicate the classical pathway as the primary route of complement activation. Three offspring were studied, none with clinical involvement; one showed in vivo deposition of C3 at the basement membrane zone of normal skin and a second showed the herpes gestationis factor in cord blood. PMID- 819459 TI - C3b inactivator in the rheumatic diseases. Measurement by radial immunodiffusion and by inhibition of formation of properdin pathway C3 convertase. AB - C3b inactivator (C3bINA) has been measured in biologic fluids by radial immunodiffusion using a monospecific antiserum prepared in rabbits, and by a hemolytic assay which measures the reduction in the capacity of EAC43 cells bearing limited C3b sites to form C3B, the alternative pathway C3 convertase. The radial immunodiffusion and hemolytic assays show a good correlation (r = 0.86 P less than 0.001). Measurement of C3bINA concentrations in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus showed that during exacerbations of disease activity C3bINA concentrations tended to be lower, usually in association with reductions in C4, C3, factor B, and properdin, and sometimes with reductions of the alternative pathway proteins, factor B, and properdin alone. Supranormal values for C3bINA were found in the sera of 14 of 20 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and 3 of 9 seronegative patients, but none of 7 patients with degenerative joint disease. Synovial fluid concentrations of C3bINA, after correction for total synovial fluid protein and serum concentration of the enzyme, were significantly reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients with degenerative joint disease (P less than 0.05). In both serum and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, there was a good correlation between the concentrations of C3bINA and those of C3, factor B, and properdin, but not that of C4, suggesting that levels of C3bINA may serve to modulate recruitment of the properdin amplification loop in this disease. PMID- 819460 TI - Neutrophil function in gram-negative rod bacteremia. The interaction between phagocytic cells, infecting organisms, and humoral factors. AB - To assess the phagocytic and bactericidal function of neutrophils in the acute stages of gram-negative rod bacteremia, cells from 30 nonleukopenic patients were studied in a test system utilizing plasma obtained simultaneously with culture positive blood, the autologous infecting strain, and two laboratory test strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results were compared to those obtained with normal neutrophils and plasma. Patient and control plasma were simultaneously tested with each source of phagocytic cells to localize any abnormalities. Four patients had a defect against their infecting strain, 33% of the inoculum phagocytized and killed versus 80% by controls. In these cases differences were localized to the patients' plasma, as normal plasma tested with patients' cells reversed the defect. Thus, four patients had impaired opsonization when compared to normal controls, but we also observed that 11 of 30 bacteremic isolates, all Escherichia coli, showed absolute or relative resistance to phagocytosis in the patient and control assay system. No intrinsic granulocyte killing abnormalities were noted. There was poor correlation between results obtained with infecting strains compared to laboratory test organisms. We conclude that in patients without evidence of an inherited neutrophil bactericidal disorder, recurrent infection, or treatment with cytotoxic drugs, intrinsic bactericidal defects are uncommon at the onset of gram-negative bacteremia, and impaired opsonization is the most commonly encountered cause of neutrophil dysfunction. PMID- 819462 TI - EDTA dependent red cell neutrophil rosetting in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) dependent platelet-neutrophil rosetting is a well-known but infrequently reported in vitro blood abnormality. We describe a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in whom EDTA dependent red cell-neutrophil rosettes were a persistent blood film feature. PMID- 819461 TI - Red cell aplasia following prolonged D-penicillamine therapy. AB - Red cell aplasia developed in a case of Wilson's disease following an increase in D-penicillamine dosage after 14 years' treatment. In vitro study of the effect of D-penicillamine on 59Fe incorporation by marrow cells did not suggest that the patient's erythropoiesis was particularly sensitive to D-penicillamine or determine the mechanism of drug toxicity. However, three weeks after the drug was withdrawn, evidence of marrow regeneration was apparent, and within 10 weeks the haemoglobin had returned to normal. The patient has subsequently remained asymptomatic on an alternative chelating agent, triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride. PMID- 819463 TI - Effects of meningococcal and Escherichia coli capsular polysaccharides on human and dog platelet aggregation in vitro. AB - Highly purified capsular polysaccharides from groups A, B, and C meningococci and from two strains of Escherichia coli did not aggregate human or dog platelets in vitro. Nor was there any detectable effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, or collagen. The results do not support the hypothesis that capsular polysaccharides are involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia often seen in severe infections with these bacteria. PMID- 819464 TI - The effect on future physician requirements of an HMO policy after national health insurance. AB - The questions examined in this paper are: What effect will the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) have on future physician manpower? What is the likelihood of there being a substantial movement of medical practice to the HMO form? Answers indicate that national health insurance will produce a more regulated and constrained resource allocated to health services and, hence, the demonstrated efficiencies of the HMO form will have strong appeal. The reduced physician manpower use of this type of organization is described. The result of these interactions will probably be a substantial reduction in the ratio of physicians needed 20 years from now. PMID- 819465 TI - The 1974 reorganization of the British National Health Service: an analysis. AB - The British National Health Service was reorganized on April 1, 1974, for the first time since its formation in 1948. The Reorganization attacked one serious problem: the anomalous separation of the general practitioners (and other nonhospital, non-local authority ambulatory services), hospitals, local government authority public health services, and teaching hospitals into different administrative units with different boundaries. These services are now integrated into one structure. However, other important problems will not be affected substantially. PMID- 819467 TI - Afferent fibers in the substantia gelatinosa of the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta): a Golgi study. AB - In horizontally and sagittally sectioned Golgi preparations of the adult monkey spinal cord the afferent fibers in the substantia gelatinosa (laminae II and III of Rexed, '52) were studied with the hope of finding clues that would make it possible to correlate them with the afferent fibers that Ramon y Cajal ('09) traced from the white matter into the substantia gelatinosa in Golgi preparations of the newborn cat. Throughout the substantia gelatinosa there are fibers with fine terminal branches, bearing small "bouton en passant" endings. These fine terminal branches and the collaterals of the axons of the neurons in the substantia gelatinosa are similar; hence, the fine terminal branches are interpreted as the terminals of the proprius bundles generated by the axons of the neurons in the substantia gelatinosa. Also, there are fibers in lamina II that can be followed for relatively long distances (900 microns) before they are cut off in section. They have collaterals bearing large irregular endings, which usually consist of several or more elongated swelling connected by constricted regions. Some of these endings have holes within them and their surfaces have prominent indentations. The fibers with fine terminal branches and the fibers with large irregular endings are interpreted here as the two varieties of fine or superficial collaterals of the substance of Rolando described by Ramom y Cajal ('09). The most elaborate afferent formations in the present material are found in horizontal sections. They are designated "confined ansiform axonal complexes" and are confined to elongated, oblong blocks of substantia gelatinosa that approximate each other in length, width and depth. Their branches, running rostrally and caudally, loop back and forth, interweave in and intricate pattern and bear large synaptic endings. Because these formations are elaborate and because their parent fibers and initial branches are thicker in lamina III than they are in lamina II, these complexes are interpreted here as the large or deep collaterals of the substance of Rolando described by Ramon y Cajal ('09). Considering their shapes, sizes and surface contours, it is probable that the large endings on the ansiform axonal complexes and the large irregular endings on the long fibers in lamina II are the central terminals in the glomeruli of the substanta gelatinosa that have been revealed by electron microscopy. Finally, there are fine collaterals from fibers in Lissauer's fasciculus which distribute exclusively to the marginal zone (lamina I) of the dorsal horn. Their endings are ovoid or bulbous and are almost uniformly approximately 2 microns in diameter. Undoubtedly, these collaterals are the marginal collaterals Ramon y Cajal ('09) demonstrated in Ehrlich's methylene blue preparations of the 8-day old cat. PMID- 819466 TI - An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the preoptic region in the rat. AB - The normal morphology of the rat preoptic region has been briefly described on the basis of Nissl- and silver-stained preparations and its efferent connections have been studied autoradiographically in over 50 rat brains with single small injections of 3H-proline, or various mixtures of 3H-proline, 3H-leucine, and 3H lysine. Injections in the anteroventral part of the lateral preoptic area labeled fibers projecting through, and perhaps to, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas and ending in the supramammillary region, and ventral fiber lamina of the mammillary complex; other labeled fibers ended in the periventricular hypothalamic gray and the internal lamina of the median eminence. The posteromedial lateral preoptic area projects to the same regions, as well as to the medial septal-diagonal band complex, and to the lateral habenula through the stria medullaris. Injections of the posterolateral lateral preoptic area labeled each of the above fiber systems as well as fibers to the main olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and taenia tecta. Other fibers coursed over the genu of the corpus callosum, through the stria terminalis and ansa peduncularis to the medial, cortical and basal amygdaloid nuclei and the anterior amygdaloid area, and through the medial forebrain bundle to the substantia nigra. The transition region between the lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas at the level of the supraoptic nucleus has widespread connections as a whole (a) with the medial septal-diagonal band complex, lateral septum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, (b) through or to most of the hypothalamus, the substantia nigra, central tegmental field, central gray, superior central nucleus, and the locus coeruleus, (c) through the stria medullaris to the lateral habenula (bilaterally), parataenial, paraventricular, and mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, (d) through the stria terminalis and ansa peduncularis to the central, medial and cortical nuclei of the amygdala, and (e) to the main olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, cingulate bundle, olfactory tubercle, medial septal diagonal band complex and the lateral septum. PMID- 819468 TI - The basilar pontine gray in the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta): a Golgi study. AB - In Golgi preparations of the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta) two types of neurons are distinguished in the pontine gray: (1) larger neurons which impregnate most frequently and (2) smaller neurons which impregnate rarely. The former are judged to be projection neurons with myelinated axons because only the initial segments of their axons impregnate, while the latter are judged to be intrinsic neurons since they appear to participate only in the local circuitry of the pontine gray. The projection neurons show a variety of sizes and shapes and are the equivalent of the large, medium and small neurons that Ramon y Cajal ('09) illustrated in the pons of the 5-day-old infant. Their cell bodies are rounded, polygonal, triangular, egg-, pear-, and spindle-shaped. Some have somatic spines. Usually four to seven dendrites issue from the cell body and as they branch they attentuate. The dendrites have knobby, nodular protuberances which give them a gnarled appearance. Also the dendrites have a few scattered spines. In most instances the dendrites have a wavy recurring pattern. Neurons pressed against the corticospinal, corticopontine fiber bundles frequently have elongated cell bodies and the dendrites sprouting from them form, tight, brush-like arrays. The intrinsic neurons have small ellipssoid or pear-shaped cell bodies and two or three long dendrites, which do not taper. In some impregnations short axons issuing from the cell body were found and in other impregnations several widely separated, shor axon-like processes were found on dendrites. A striking feature of the intrinsic neurons is the presence of stalked dendritic appendages bearing one or more bulbous bodies, 1 to 3 microns in diameter. The intrinsic neurons in no way resemble the hairy or mossy cells with short axis cylinders that Ramon y Cajal (09) described in the pons of the 5-day-old infant. The latter were not found in the present material. PMID- 819469 TI - The neurons in the centromedian-parafascicular complex of the monkey (Macaca mulatta): a Golgi study. AB - The neurons of the nucleus centrum medianum and the neurons of the nucleus parafascicularis were studied in Golgi preparations of the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta). The cell bodies of the prinicipal neurons in the nucleus centrum medianum have a few somatic spines and vary in shape: some are cubical with protruding angles; some are egg-shaped; some are elongated and sausage-shaped. Four to six slightly branched dendrites of unequal thickness radiate from the cell body. Some dendrites extend for nearly 500 microns; all have dendritic spines. In the nucleus parafascicularis there are two varieties of principal neurons: (1) neurons with somatic spines and (2) neurons without somatic spines. The neurons with somatic spines are most numerous. They have polygonal-shaped cell bodies, prominent somatic spines and processes, larger than spines but considerably smaller than dendrites. These processes bear spines and are designated here "microdendrites." Spines and occasionally a "microdendrite" are found on the axon-hillocks. Five to six dendrites of unequal thickness emerge from the cell bodies. Some extend for more than 500 microns; all have prominent dendritic spines. The neurons without somatic spines are relatively few. Usually three exceptionally long, slightly branched dendrites, one apical and two basal, emerge from their elongated, slim cell bodies. Some dendrites extend for more than 800 microns; all have few scattered spines. The Golgi type II neurons found in both of these intralaminar nuclei have small cell bodies and a few, relatively long, undulating dendrites, which bear bulbous dendritic appendages and beaded axon-like processes. Distally on these dendrites, where the appendages and processes are more numerous, the dendritic appendages and axon-like processes form complex entanglements. Distally on these dendrites, where the appendages and processes are more numerous, the dendritic appendages and axon-like processes form complex entanglements. Beaded axons are found on some but not all of the cell bodies. Morphologically these neurons resemble the local interneurons that have been described in various thalamic nuclei. PMID- 819470 TI - The supraoptic nucleus and the supraopticohypophysial tract in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The observations here on Golgi material are based on the study of fortunate impregnations in one horizontally sectioned and one frontally sectioned series found in the collection of Golgi preparations of the adult monkey brains (Macaca mulatta) available in this laboratory. The soma of the large supraoptic neurons have jagged protrusions and irregular crevices which give their surfaces a craggy appearance. Also they have a few somatic spines. Their dendrites, which usually arise from two or three dendritic trunks, emerging from the cell body, are moderately branched and have occasional dendritic spines. The axon emerges from a conical elevation either on the soma or a dendrite and is directed towards the supraopticohypophysial tract. In the present material there are a few neurons of the supraoptic nucleus impregnated that are definitely smaller than the larger neurons. They have short beaded axons, ending in the supraoptic nucleus a short distance from their point of origin. In the horizontal sections the supraopticohypophysial tract fibers can be seen passing over the posterior aspect of the optic tract. In the frontal sections, this fan-shaped tract, wide above and constricted below, can be followed into the median eminence. Some of these axons in their intrahypothalamic course have short beaded collaterals. Electron micrographs reveal: (1) endings with spherical synaptic vesicles and endings with flattened synaptic vesicles synapsing on neurosecretory axons in the supraoptic nucleus; (2) a few myelinated fibers containing neurosecretory granules in the intrahypothalamic portion of the supraopticohypophysial tract. As can be seen in both Golgi and electron microscopic preparations the presence of fibrous astrocytes in the supraoptic nucleus and their abundance in the hypothalamic portion of the supraopticohypophysial tract is characteristic of this neurosecretory system. In the nucleus and in the tract processes of the fibrous astrocytes are intimately associated with neurosecretory fibers. PMID- 819471 TI - The neurons in the primate subthalamic nucleus: a Golgi and electron microscopic study. AB - In Golgi preparations of the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta) local interneurons and two varieties of principal neurons, radiating and elongated fusiform, are found in the subthalamic nucleus. The cell bodies of the radiating neurons have a few delicate, somatic spines some of which are occasionally bilobed and trilobed. Five to eight dendritic trunks give rise to branching, tapering dendrites, which may extend for over 400 microns. These dendrites are much thinner than the dendrites in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Some neurons have many and some neurons have few dendritic spines. When numerous the dendritic spines are concentrated on the dendritic trunks and proximal dendrites. The relatively few elongated fusiform neurons are found not only in the capsule but also in the center of the nucleus. Most dendrites emerge from the opposite poles of their smooth surfaced cell bodies. They have a few dendritic spines. Some of these dendrites extend for more than 750 microsn. In 1-micron thick plastic sections lipofuscin granules are present in some but not all principal neuron cell bodies of the monkey (Macaca mulatta); but these granules are present in all principal neuron cell bodies of the pig-tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina) and of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). The local interneurons have small cell bodies and a few relatively long undulating dendrites. The dendrites have bulbous dendritic appendages of varying complexity and beaded axon-like processes. The dendritic appendages and axon-like processes are more numerous distally and on the distal ends of the dendrites they form complex entanglements. Axons coming from the cell body have not been observed. The cell bodies of the local interneurons are identified in cresyl violet stained sections of the monkey (Macaca mulatta), in 1 micron thick plastic sections and electron micrographs of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). They have relatively large nuclei surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm rich in polyribosomes. PMID- 819472 TI - Delayed-matching and delayed-response deficit from cooling dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys. AB - The hypothesis that the functional integrity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is important for short-term memory of both spatial and nonspatial information was examined. Monkeys were tested in delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) and delayed-response (DR) tasks with delays of 0-32 sec. Testing was carried out under three different conditions: frontal cooling (FC), parietal cooling (PC), and normal temperature (noncooling, NC). Errors, reaction time, and motor activity were recorded. The proportion of correct responses decreased in NC as a function of the delay. This decrease was significantly accentuated by FC, whereas it was not modified by PC. At each delay, the decrement elicited by FC was as large in DR as in DMS. Reaction time and activity normally increased as a function of delay; these changes were enhanced by FC. The FC-induced decrements in proportion of correct responses suggest a faster loss from short-term memory of both spatial and nonspatial information. PMID- 819474 TI - Effects of a low calcium diet on feed intake, milk production, and response to blood calcium challenge in lactating Holstein cows. AB - Twenty-four lactating cows were fed a normal-calcium (.75% of dry matter) diet plus free-choice dicalcium phosphate supplement for 8 wk, a low-calcium (.25% of dry matter) diet for 9 wk, and a low-calcium (.25% of dry matter) diet plus free choice supplement for 4 wk. The low-calcium diet did not appear to affect adversely feed intake, milk production, or plasma ions. Depression of plasma calcium by sequestration with a chelating agent was less following low intake of calcium than following adequate calcium intake. Presumably, lower calcium intake increased parathyroid hormone which resulted in a larger and more responsive calcium pool immediately mobilizable. Changes in plasma phosphorus and magnesium were similar among treatments. Low calcium intake for short times apparently will not affect intake or production and may increase resistance to calcium stress such as hypocalcemia and parturient paresis. PMID- 819473 TI - Antigenicity of bovine milk xanthine oxidase in guinea pigs. AB - Six female and four male albino guinea pigs were immunized with active purified xanthine oxidase of bovine milk mixed with equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant. One male and one female were immunized with heat-inactivated xanthine oxidase mixed with equal volume of adjuvant. Two males and four females were controls and received a phosphate buffer mixed with equal volume of adjuvant. The mixtures were administered intradermally and subcutaneously at weekly intervals for 6 consecutive wk and blood samples collected weekly. The enzyme was antigenic by the coated tanned red blood cell method. After the third weekly immunization, precipitating antibodies were in the sera of animals that received the active enzyme. Hemagglutination titers increased during subsequent weeks and reached a maximum after the sixth weekly immunization. Antisera from animals immunized with heat-inactivated xanthine oxidase gave a positive response similar to that with animals immunized with the active enzyme. However, when the same antisera were tested with sheep red blood cells coated with heat-inactivated enzyme, no hemagglutination was observed. Ouchterlony double gel-diffusion tests showed that it may be possible to differentiate between antibodies elicited to active and heat-inactivated xanthine oxidase. PMID- 819476 TI - Mental health services for students - cost benefit and value. PMID- 819475 TI - [The effect of cesium and lithium ions on the antitumor effectiveness of taurine]. PMID- 819477 TI - Long-term study of pulp capping in monkeys with three agents. AB - The pulps of 40 permanent teeth of two monkeys were mechanically exposed and contaminated with adjacent saliva or plaque for 3 to 5 1/2 hours. The pulps were then capped with either Keflin (an antibiotic), Durelon (a polycarboxylate cement), or Dycal (a calcium hydroxide compound). Varnish and then amalgam were inserted. Each monkey received at least one dose of Procion red H-8BS vital dye. The teeth were extracted from one monkey 23 months after capping and from the other monkey 29 months after capping. Serial, decalcified, 7 mum-thick paraffin sections were prepared. Alternate slides were stained with hematoxylin ane eosin. Unstained sections were examined for Procion labeling, and selected slides were stained by the Brown-Brenn method for bacteria. Of 13 teeth capped with Keflin, only 4 responded satisfactorily. All of the Dycal and Durelon-capped pulps were successful at both time intervals. All of the Dycal-capped pulps showed complete bridging and no inflammation or pulp obliteration. Bridging was complete in only three of the Durelon-capped pulps. The findings of this study support the findings in our previous study3 and further substantiate the effectiveness of Dycal as a pulp-capping agent. The often-repeated claim that calcium hydroxide compounds exert a persistent stimulating effect on the pulp resulting in its eventual obliteration was not supported. Durelon is not recommended for pulp capping since the material apparently lacks an antibacterial effect and does not stimulate reparative dentinogenesis at the exposure site. The low rate of satisfactory responses of pulps capped with Keflin, as used, precludes its use of pulp capping. PMID- 819478 TI - Allergens of mammalian origin. IV. Evidence for common allergens in cat and dog serum. AB - IgE antibodies present in serum from 3 patients clinically sensitive to cat and dog were shown to combine with whole cat and dog sera linked to cellulose particles. Employing a modified radioallergosorbent technique (RAST), it was shown that cat and dog sera inhibited the binding of IgE antibodies to insolubilized cat serum and to insolubilized dog serum. These findings suggest that cat and dog sera have common allergens. Other mammalian sera were also tested and found to have little inhibitory activity. Cat and dog sera did not inhibit the binding of IgE antiragweed antibodies to an insolubilized ragweed fraction. Following separation of cat serum by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 or electrophoresis in acrylamide gel, several fractions were found to inhibit the binding of IgE antibodies to insolubilized cat and dog sera. Whether the heterogeneity observed reflects the presence of single allergens with diverse size and charge properties or multiple allergens remains to be determined. PMID- 819479 TI - Defined dimensional changes in enzyme substrates and cofactors. Synthesis of lin benzoadenosine and enzymatic evaluation of derivatives of the benzopurines. PMID- 819480 TI - Basal metabolic rate and work energy expenditure of mature, pregnant women. AB - Resting and working metabolic rates and physical fitness of twenty-one mature women were studied at various intervals during the last half of pregnance and in sixteen of them again eight to twelve weeks postpartum. Basal rate (BMR) was increased more than body weight during pregnancy, and there was a small drop in BMR per unit body mass near term. Data on lean body mass (40K) suggest that the small terminal fall in BMR is not explained by a shift in body composition toward increased fat or water. The increase in energy cost of work paralleled the gain in body weight during preganacy. Net energetic efficiency thus appeared to be higher for work performed during pregnancy, if recovery rates are assumed to be uniform. However, according to their heart rate reponses to fixed hard work, the women were less fit during pregnancy than they were postpartum, with the level of fitness decreasing as pregnancy advanced. The prolonged rate of recovery suggests that oxygen uptake may be increased for a longer period after work in the pregnant woman. If this is true, energy expenditure will be seriously underestimated by the application of energy cost figures obtained in the conventional manner. PMID- 819481 TI - Rx for health care: a national authority. PMID- 819482 TI - Formation of ethylenethiourea from 5,6-dihydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-c]-1,2,4-dithiazole 3-thione by microorganisms and reducing agents. AB - Microorganisms formed readily ethylenethiourea (ETU) from 5,6-dihydro-3H imidazo[2,1-c]-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione (DIDT), a spontaneous decomposition product of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates. This conversion also takes place after addition of reducing compounds like cysteine, glutathione or ascorbic acid. It consists of two steps: reduction of the S-S bond of DIDT with subsequent release of CS2 to form ETU. DIDT was reduced by NADH in the presence of enzyme extracts from Pseudomonas fluorescens or Asperigillus niger, or by commercial glutathione reductase or lipoamide dehydrogenase. ETU was formed as a result of this enzymatic reduction. The flavin compounds FMN and FAD were also able to promote the reduction of DIDT by NADH. PMID- 819572 TI - Extraction methods and test techniques for detection of vegetable proteins in meat products. I. Qualitative detection of soya derivatives. AB - Extracts of 3 soya bean preparations, used commercially in certain countries to replace part of the meat in popular meat products, were made by treatment with (i) sodium dodecyl sulphate, (ii) Triton-X100 or (iii) n-Butanol. Similar extracts were made from beef and pork. All extracts were examined by electrophoretic and immunological techniques. Stained polyacrylamide gels revealed distinctive protein bands after electrophoresis. The migration rates of corresponding bands differed between beef and pork extracts. However, the migration rates of vegetable bands revealed certain similarities, but differed very greatly from those of animal origin. Characteristic fast-migrating S-bands were distinguishable only in extracts of vegetable protein. Immunodiffusion tests, using antisera produced in rabbits against each extract, revealed varying degrees of similarity between extracts of vegetable origin, but the antisera were specific for either vegetable or animal protein. PMID- 819571 TI - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food-poisoning in Finland associated with boiled rice. AB - A food-poisoning outbreak caused by Bacillus cereus occurred in a Finnish industrial plant in January 1975. Eighteen of the 36 persons who ate a lunch including boiled rice, meat and vegetables became ill. The disease pattern was similar to previously reported short incubation time B. cereus food-poisonings associated with cooked rice. The median incubation time was two hours, the main symptoms being nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Rice and certain seasonings were the contaminated raw materials. Gas chromatographic fatty acid analysis of a bacterial cell was used as a diagnostic method as well as to identify a certain strain of B. cereus. PMID- 819574 TI - An outbreak of shigellosis in laboratory marmosets and tamarins (Family: Callithricidae). AB - An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella sonnei, is reported in laboratory maintained marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and tamarins (Saguinus nigricollis). The clinical signs and pathological lesions are described and the microbiological findings discussed. Control of the disease was based upon hygiene and antibiotic therapy and the consequences of this approach are described in detail. PMID- 819575 TI - The effect of chloroform on Brucella abortus agglutinins in whey. AB - Defatting milk for the Brucella abortus whey agglutination test with chloroform caused some reduction in the titre in i.u./ml. in 42 of 57 samples and this reduction exceeded 50% in seven. Though this procedure will probably rarely affect the final interpretation of the test defatting the milk by centrifugation is preferred. PMID- 819573 TI - A source isolator for infected patients. AB - A plastic, mechanically ventilated source isolator with filters in the air effluent was designed to enable infected patients to be nursed and treated in a general ward or to be transported without risk to staff or other contacts. Two models of isolator were developed. Their potential value was tested by the challenge of heavy dispersal, inside the isolator, of bacteria (a) from patients with burns, during the change of dressings, (b) from contaminated bedding during simulated bed-making, and (c) from the dispersal of a suspension of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii. Sampling of air by slit samplers outside the isolator and, in comparable control patients, from the air of the room in which dressings were changed, showed consistently lower counts of bacteria and of Staph. aureus during dressings when the isolator was used; on removal of the isolator canopy there was, in some experiments, a considerable increase in airborne bacteria, due to residual bacteria in the isolator of to the re-dispersal of bacteria which settled on the patient and his bedding during the dressing. Simultaneous sampling with slit samplers inside and outside the isolator during and after bed-making or dispersal of B. subtilis var. globigii showed an almost complete protection of the air outside the isolator against contamination by bacteria released inside the isolator. PMID- 819576 TI - A new Pseudomonas vaccine: preliminary trial on human volunteers. AB - Fifteen healthy volunteers were given three weekly subcutaneous injections of a new polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PEV-01). Four doses - 1-0 RHD (manufacturer's recommended human dose), 0-75 RHD, 0-5 RHD and 0-1 RHD - were used in separate groups of volunteers. Blood samples taken before each of the injections and one taken 7 days after the last injection were examined for immune response to the vaccine and for possible adverse clinical, biochemical and haematological effects. Raised titres of antibody in serum of volunteers given 0 5-1-0 RHD vaccine were shown, often by the seventh day, in passive haemagglutination tests against all of the 16 serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa represented in the vaccine; serum from volunteers who received 0-1 RHD usually showed a reduced antibody titre. Tests of mouse protection by serum against intraperitoneal challenge with Ps. aeruginosa P14 showed increased titres of mouse protective antibody in the blood of volunteers given 1-0, 0-75 or 0-5 RHD of vaccine but a reduced mouse-protective titre in two out of three sera from volunteers given 0-1 RHD vaccine. There was a suggestion of enhanced phagocytic ingestion and intracellular killing of two strains of Ps. aeruginosa by the blood of vaccinated volunteers, and more definite enhancement of ingestion of inert latex particles, which were less well ingested than were the bacterial cells by phagocytes from unvaccinated volunteers. Apart from slight or moderate local reactions and a transient rise of temperature in some volunteers, there were no clinical, biochemical or haematological abnormalities in the vaccinated volunteers. PMID- 819577 TI - Association of dane particles with e antigen in the serum of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were surveyed for serum e antigen (e Ag) and antibody to e (anti-e) by immunodiffusion. Seventeen serum samples containing e Ag and 17 containing anti-e, but with similar HBsAg titers, were tested for the presence of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) by means of immune adherence hemagglutination method. HBcAg activity was detected in all of the samples containing e Ag, and the titer of HBcAg paralleled that of HBsAg in each serum. In remarkable contrast, no HBcAg activity was found in any of the serum samples containing anti-e. Dane particles were demonstrated in 14 of 17 serum samples with e Ag by electron microscopy, but in none of 17 with anti-e. Although both e Ag and HBcAg were closely associated with each other, the non identity of e Ag and HBcAg was clearly demonstrated by a two-dimensional immunodiffusion test. PMID- 819579 TI - Studies on the immune response to fixed antigens. Preferential induction of helper function with heavily trinitrophenylated sheep erythrocytes, and glutaraldehyde-treated sheep erythrocytes. AB - Mice primed with heavily trinitrophenylated sheep red cells (TNP128SRC) or glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red cells (G-SRC) developed an early helper function mediated by thymus-derived cells. Such mice were able to produce high secondary responses to both hapten and carrier after challenge 2 days after priming, with lightly trinitrophenylated SRC (TNP0.14SRC). However, the primary response of the TNP128SRC or G-SRC-primed mice were very low to undetectable, and their secondary responses were also low when the challenge antigen was administered 4 days after priming or later. Inhibitory humoral factor(s) which were induced in the primed animals appeared responsible for the decreased capacity of primed mice to mount a secondary response when challenged later than 2 days after priming. Transfer of spleen cells from TNP128SRC-primed mice to sublethally irradiated recipients circumvents their exposure to inhibitory humoral factor(s) present in intact animals allowing them to react with challenge antigen. Enriched populations of T cells, but not B cells, were able to transfer this early immunologic memory to irradiated recipients. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 819578 TI - Synchronous regulation of VH and CH allotypes among Ig molecules in multi heterozygous rabbits suppressed with anti-VH allotype antibody: emergence of IgA from suppression prior to IgG and IgM. AB - Heterozygous rabbits of genotype a1n81f73g74/a2n82f71g75 were suppressed at birth for the VH region a1 allotype. At 8 weeks of age, quantitative analysis of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA molecules showed that the VHa1 specificity was effectively suppressed in the three classes of Ig and that the suppression was extended to the CH region n81 specificity on mu-chains as well as to the CH region f73 and g74 specificities on alphaf and alphag chains. At 26 weeks of age, analysis of serum IgG and IgM molecules showed that a1 was still suppressed to approximately the same extent in both Ig classes and the suppression was still extended to the CH region n81 specificity. However, at 26 weeks, the percentage of molecules with a1 specificity had doubled among serum and colostral IgA molecules and this increase was extended to the CH region f73 and g74 specificities. Thus, the suppressed allotypes reappeared first among IgA molecules. Our data are consistent with a regulatory mechanism which controls and synchronizes the expression of the VHa and the CH allotypes expressed on the same heavy chain. The order of the re-expression of the suppressed allotypes with respect to Ig class may allow further definition of selective regulatory mechanisms for the synthesis of Ig classes. PMID- 819580 TI - Diversity among rabbit antibody light chain amino terminal sequences. AB - The amino terminal (positions 0 to 20) amino acid sequences of 22 rabbit antibody light chains are reported and compared with 44 amino terminal sequences previously described in the literature. Rabbit k light chains demonstrate three different amino terminal chain lengths and considerable variability at the amino terminal end. In relating amino terminal sequence to b locus allotype, allotype specific residues (amino acid residues unique to all light chains having a given allotype) were not identified, although certain residue alternatives were unique to some of the b5 and b9 light chains. There was no correlation of antibody specificity with amino terminal sequence. In the most striking example, identical amino terminal sequences were associated with two different carbohydrate specificities (type VIII pneumococcal polysaccharide and streptococcal group A carbohydrate) and an aminophenyltrimethylammonium specificity. An obligatory association of amino terminal sequence with complete variable region framework sequences was not observed. Thus, it is not always possible to predict the framework homology among a given pair of light chains by examination of their amino terminal sequences. The limited diversity seen among the variable regions of murine myelomas that have the same antigen-binding properties is not found in the light chains of specifically elicited rabbit antibodies. PMID- 819581 TI - Antigenic analysis of the major structural protein of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. AB - The major internal protein, p27 (m.w. 27,000 daltons) of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography and then used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA). This RIA was specific for MPMV because no immunologic cross-reactivity was observed between p27 of MPMV and 13 different RNA tumor viruses of mammalian and avian origin. However, the p27 of MPMV grown in three different primate cells exhibited identical antigenic cross reactivity. In addition, significant levels of p27 were found only in MPMV infected cells. These results indicate that synthesis of p27 is induced after virus infection and that p27 represents a viral-coded protein. PMID- 819582 TI - Analysis of complement-dependent antibody-mediated lysis of target cells acutely infected with measles. AB - A sensitive assay for the detection of complement-dependent cytolytic measles antibodies in monkey and human sera is described. The high sensitivity of the technique is dependent upon the use of Vero or MA-104 cells acutely infected with a high-titered, non-syncitiogenic strain of attenuated measles virus. Cytolytic antibody titers of serum can be determined either by endpoint dilution in the presence of a standard dilution of heterologous (guinea pig) complement or by percentage of lysis of a specific number of target cells at a standard dilution of immune serum (1:32). The latter technique proved expedient in the comparison of cytolytic activities of large numbers of serum samples. Clearly, the alternative complement pathway is effective in lysis of these cells, but neither the classical nor the alternative pathway alone appears to be as effective as both pathways combined. No prozone effect occurred with homologous complement, and inhibition of lysis was eliminated by washing sensitized cells before addition of heterologous complement. Lysis of measles-infected cells untreated with measles antibody occurred in the presence of both normal and C4-deficient guinea pig serum at high concentrations, but no such activity occurred with non immune human or rhesus serum. Antibody-mediated complement-dependent lysis of measles-infected cells may be an important immune defense against acute measles infection. PMID- 819583 TI - Analysis of immunoglobulin genes: DNA/RNA hybridization with immunoglobulin kappa chain mRNA and isolation and translation of hybridized RNA. AB - Immunoglobulin kappa-chain mRNA was hybridized with DNA in order to assess the kappa-gene frequency. Kappa-mRNA was purified from membrane-bound ribosomes of mouse myeloma MOPC-41 by poly (U) chromatography and isolation of a 13S RNA by successive sucrose density gradient centrifugations. The RNA coded for kappa chain precursor molecules in cell-free protein synthesis and essentially no other proteins. MOPC-41 kappa-mRNA hybridized with MOPC-41, MPC-11, and Krebs DNA with the same kinetics: the majority of the hybrids was formed with rare or unique DNA sequences (Cot/2 450 to 900), a small portion with highly repetitive sequences (Cot/2 5--6). The slow hybrids were well matched and the rapid hybrids were mismatched by about 4%, regardless of the DNA used. It was further investigated whether the rapid hybrids contained translatable kappa-mRNA or were due to impurities in the RNA preparations. Kappa-mRNA and globin-mRNA (as an internal standard for a unique transcript) were hybridized with DNA to Cot 20 or 48, the hybridized and unhybridized RNA were isolated by hydroxyopatite-urea chromatography and, after removal of the DNA, translated in a cell-free system. The cell-free products were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. It was found that approximately equal quantities of translatable kappa- and globin-mRNA were hybridized maximally 1.7%). The results do not support the hypothesis that kappa-mRNA is a transcript of both repetitive and unique DNA sequences. PMID- 819584 TI - Structural studies on induced antibodies with defined idiotypic specificities. III. N-terminal amino acid sequence of the heavy and light chains of mouse anti streptococcal antibodies--A5A, S8, and S117. AB - The murine VH genetic map consists of two different subloci of VH genes. Seven idiotypes have been allocated to these two different subloci, one of which contains genes coding for the A5A idiotype, while the second contains the genes encoding for six other idiotypic markers. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that anti-Ars antibodies are best classified in the murine VHII subgroup. Studies from other laboratories indicate that the J558 idiotype could be classified in a similar fashion. The sequence of the T15 myeloma protein VH region is most characteristic of the murine VHIII subgroup. These studies were undertaken in order to study the VH subgroup of two additional murine VH markers. Since one of these markers has been allocated to a separate sublocus, comparisons can be made for the first time between the "framework" residues (VH subgroup) and the murine genetic map. The data indicate that within a single presently defined sublocus proteins exist which contain remarkably different "framework" residues. PMID- 819585 TI - Polyacrylamide-agarose beads for the preparation of effective immunoabsorbents. AB - Gluxaraldehyde-activated polyacrylamide-agarose beads (Ultro-gel) have been employed to bind proteins. The derivatives obtained were found to be effective immunoabsorbents allowing the quick isolation of pure antibodies in high yields. PMID- 819586 TI - A procedure for the quantitative separation of viable and non-viable P815X2 mastocytoma cells. AB - A method for the separation of viable and non-viable P815X2 mastocytoma cells is described using Ficoll discontinuous density gradients. Non-viable P815X2 cells are more dense than viable P,15X2 cells and reach a bouyant density equilibrium at a higher Ficoll concentration than the viable cells. This technique allows the separation of viable P815X2 cells from cells that had been killed by antiserum and complement, or by non-growth supporting medium or by cytotoxic lymphocytes. This method is a new assay to determine cytotoxic lymphocyte killing of P815X2 cells. PMID- 819587 TI - Isolation of human T and B lymphocytes by rosette formation with 2 aminoethylisothiquronium bromide (AET) -treated sheep red blood cells with monkey red blood cells. AB - Purified human B and T lymphocytes were obtained by rosetting HPL with AET-SRBC or MRBC and separating the non-rosetted from the rosetted cells on Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. 92 +/- 5% of the B cells were fluorescent positive for mBlg and 95 +/- 2% of the purified T cells rosetted with AET-SRBC. 69 +/- 5% of the B cells and 61 +/- 8% of the T cells present in the unifractionated HPL were recovered in the purified fractions. PMID- 819588 TI - The validity of the radial immunodiffusion method for the quantitative determination of human IgM. Evaluation of a modified method. AB - Three subgroups of human IgM can be distinguished on the basis of differences of slopes of the D2 versus absolute concentration plot in the radial immunodiffusion technique (Klein et al., 1973). Individual IgM fractions, whether mono- or polyclonal, always belong to only one of these groups. The differences between the subgroups disappear after reduction of the IgM to 7S subunits. These findings provide an explanation for the large discrepancies between absolute IgM determinations in different laboratories. It follows that most of the readings of individual IgM values in the Mancini technique must be wrong by any standard, including WHO reference preparations. The insertion of a simple reduction step in the assay abolishes the differences in quantitative reactivity between IgM subgroups as well as between natural 7S and 19S IgM. This allows an absolute determination of both forms together. The values thus obtained differ considerably from the estimates given by Humphrey and Batty (1974). It also appears that the International Units of the WHO do not represent the same quantity of IgM in different reference sera. The modified method allows the determination of total monoclonal as well as polyclonal human IgM by weight. PMID- 819589 TI - Lipase activity in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca) challenged with bacterial lipids. PMID- 819590 TI - Intracellular effects on Tetrahymena pyriformis following exposure to preimmune and immune fluids: light and transmission electron microscopical observations. PMID- 819591 TI - The feasibility of altering the immunogenicity of grafts. AB - Most attempts to prolong the survival of allografts have involved treatment of the host to impair its capacity to reject them. Early uncritical attempts to treat the graft rather than the host were received with skepticism because of the prevailing belief that the alloantigens on cell surfaces are immutable. However, over the past decade unequivocal evidence has accumulated that the immunogenicity of allografts is susceptible to alteration. Short-term maintenance in vitro of malignant and normal tissue grafts, such as those of the ovary and thyroid. Weakens their susceptibility to rejection. Various agents have been identified which, when applied to tissues or organs in vitro, have a similar effect. Soaking skin in media containing steroids, urethane, thalidomide, antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), and specific alloantibody is also effective. X-irradiation and perfusion of allogeneic dog kidneys with solutions of concanavalin A or of nucleic acid prepared from the future donor or even from indifferent donors or microoorganisms lead to extended survival. There is also equivocal evidence that soaking mouse skin grafts in RNA prepared from unrelated donors causes them to be treated as allogeneic by syngeneic recipients. Skin from animals suffering from certain diseases displays altered immunogenicity. Skin from mice suffering from virus induced leukemia or lymphocytic choriomeningitis is frequently rejected by syngeneic recipients. By contrast, skin allografts from some cancer patients and from mice bearing certain tumors give evidence of prolonged survival as do grafts from uremic mice. Some treatments of prospective donors, including cytotoxic drugs, ALG, specific alloantisera, hypoxia, and experimentally produced uremia, also extend the lives of allografts. Trophoblast, a fetal epithelial tissue in immediate contact with maternal tissue, represents a natural example of graft adaptation. Despite its origin from precursor cells with normal transplantation properties, trophoblast fails to elicit transplantation immunity and is unaffected by it. Some of the disparate agents or procedures described here probably act by modifying grafts in such a way that they are more likely to evoke "blocking" or enhancing antibodies rather than the usual destructive cellular immunity, and many of them deplete the grafts of immunogenically effective "passenger" leukocytes. Both of these processes contribute to apparent hypoantigenicity. PMID- 819592 TI - Cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis: past, present, and future. AB - Skin tumors chemically induced in mice have provided an important experimental model for studying carcinogenesis and for bioassaying carcinogenic agents. The information obtained from this model suggests that the events leading to tumor formation can be divided into at least two stages, initiation and promotion. A single small dose of carinogen produces initiation which appears to be irreversible. These initiating agents may have to be metabolically activated and can interact with cellular macromolecules. The extent to which they bind to DNA correlates well with their carcinogenicity. Increased DNA replication at the time of or during the first day after these agents have been applied appears to enhance carcinogenesis. Unlike initiation, promotion appears to be reversible and the promoting agents must be applied repeatedly before tumors are formed. Promoters interact with membranes, stimulate and alter genetic expression, and increase the rate of cell proliferation. The knowledge gained from these studies in mouse skin has immeasurably helped the entire field of chemical carcinogenesis. But efforts to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenic process, particularly in the skin, have been hampered by the difficulties of working on whole animals and by the special problems associated with the biologic and biochemical methods required for this target organ. Such problems, however, can be solved by the use of cell cultures of mouse epidermis which can metabolize and bind carcinogens just as is done in vivo. The fact that epidermal cells in vitro proliferate synchronously should facilitate the study of the relation between the cell cycle and carcinogenesis. These cells repair chemically induced DNA damage by at least two mechanisms, excision repair and base-specific repair. When epidermal cells in vitro are exposed to promoting agents, a proliferative response analogous to that in vivo is elicited, apparently mediated through control of polyamine metabolism. Neoplastic transformation has been induced in these cultures by known skin carcinogens. PMID- 819594 TI - Quantitation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from women with gonorrhea. AB - The number of infecting organisms has been shown to be an important variable in animal models of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This variable may also be important in the natural transmission of gonorrhea in humans. The number of gonococci in the cervicovaginal area of women with gonorrhea is unknown, as are the effects of certain physiologic or therapeutic variables on the number of gonococci. In this study a semiquantitative technique for the enumeration of N. gonorrhoeae was used; 10 ml of phosphate-buffered saline was directed against the cervix and vaginal wall, and the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of N. gonorrhoeae in the aspirate was determined. The number of N. gonorrhoeae recovered ranged from 4.0 X 10(2) to 1.8 X 10(7) cfu. The geometric mean number was 1.45 X 10(5) cfu, with a standard deviation of 1.04 X 10(1) cfu. Statistical analyses showed that the number of gonococci was not influenced by the use of oral contraceptives, concurrent infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and/or Corynebacterium (Haemophilus)vaginalis, time of douche prior to examination, or phase of the menstrual cycle at which the women were examined. The results indicated a wide range in the number of N. gonorrhoeae recoverable by vaginal irrigation but failed to define the reason for this variability. PMID- 819593 TI - Some aspects of melanin biology: 1950-1975. AB - Recent advances in the biology of mammalian pigmentation are reviewed. The multicellular epidermal melanin unit (melanocyte and associated pool of keratinocytes) rather than the melanocyte alone forms the focal point for melanin metabolism within mammalian epidermis. Within an epidermal melanin unit, melanosomes are synthesized by melanocytes and transferred to keratinocytes where they are degraded as they ascend to the epidermal surface. During the past 25 years, technical advances in biology and biochemistry have frosted a multidisciplinary approach to research on mammalian pigmentation. Emphasizing this perspective, we have examined the current state of knowledge of the form and function of epidermal melanin units from the levels of biologic organization ranging from the molecules relevant to melanin synthesis through the skin as a totally intergrated system. To an unusual degree, advances in melanin pigmentation have resulted from the integration of clinical medicine and basic science. PMID- 819595 TI - Cytolytic, complement-dependent antibodies to measles virus in rhesus monkeys after administration of live or killed virus. AB - Infection of rhesus monkeys with measles virus induced specific complement dependent cytolytic antibodies during the early phase of acute infection. The development of maximal levels of the complement-dependent cytolytic antibodies appears to be dependent on the respiratory rather than the parenteral route of infection and on the use of live rather than killed measles virus. These levels of cytolytic antibodies seem to be independent of levels of simultaneously developing neutralizing and hemagglutinating antibodies. It is proposed that complement-dependent cytolytic antibodies play an important role in the elimination of acute measles virus in vivo by lysing the foci of infected cells and by blocking the spread of virus by cell fusion. PMID- 819596 TI - Human leukocyte interferon for the prevention of recurrences of herpetic keratitis. AB - A double-blind clinical trial of human leukocyte interferon is in progress for assessment of the effect of this substance on recurrences of herpetic keratitis. Although human leukocyte interferon is highly effective in preventing infection in owl monkeys (protection from infection and prevention of recurrences correlate well in lower animals), there is no difference between the frequency of recurrences in placebo-treated patients and that in interferon-treated patients. Forty-nine patients have been treated with interferon, and 46 have received placebo; there have been seven recurrences (with herpes simplex virus isolated) in each group. The interferon used is highly stable both in storage in the laboratory and in clinical use. Because the titer of interferon in this study (6.4 X 10(4) units/ml) may be too low to accomplish our prophylactic needs, attempts are being made to use the material in more concentrated form. PMID- 819597 TI - Clinical trials of topical interferon therapy of ulcerative viral keratitis. AB - An open trial suggested that monkey interferon had a therapeutic effect on ulcerative vaccinial keratitis in humans. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of either monkey interferon or drops of idoxuridine (given hourly by day and at 2-hr intervals by night for three days) suggested a therapeutic effect from idoxuridine but not from monkey interferon. Results of experiments with rabbits suggested that a daily application of human interferon (1.1 X 10(7) international units/ml) would be effective in the prevention of herpetic ulcers but might not affect established lesions. Preliminary results are encouraging in a placebo-controlled, randomized trial of human interferon given once daily for seven days for prevention of recrudescence of epithelial herpetic lesions after minimal wiping debridement with a cotton-tipped swab. The design of the trial is closely analogous to that of the experiments with rabbits and permits ethically acceptable, placebo-controlled trials of antiviral agents. PMID- 819598 TI - Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus. AB - One hundred two unselected patients with ulceration of the cornea due to herpes simples virus were treated with either adenine arabinoside or trifluorothymide; the trial was double-blind, stratified, and radomized. The two drugs were given topically five times per day, and the rate of healing was observed and recorded. The series included 87 patients with dendritic ulcers and 15 with amoeboid ulcers. Dendritic ulcers of the cornea can be accurately measured, and the healing process can be easily followed. In this situation no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of adenine arabinoside and that of trifluorothymidine was demonstrated. Amoeboid ulcers are more difficult to evaluate than dendritic ulcers, and their responses to treatment vary considerably; however, data from this small group of patients suggest that trifluorothymodine may be more effective than adenine arabinoside for the treatment of amoeboid ulcers. PMID- 819599 TI - Role of interferon in prophylaxis of rabies after exposure. AB - Rhesus monkeys were completely protected from rabies by a single dose of experimental, highly concentrated, rabies virus vaccine prepared from virus propagated in cultures of human diploid cells and administered several hours after infection with street rabies virus. Protection seemed to be related to the high antigenicity of the vaccine and to its ability to induce interferon in vaccinated animals. Only partial protection was afforded by one or three inoculations of less concentrated vaccines that were prepared from cultures of human diploid cells or primary hamster kidney cells and that were not capable of inducing interferon. The level of virus-neutralizing antibody induced by vaccination could not be correlated with the final outcome of the disease. The simultaneous inoculation of vaccine and interferon inducers (polyribocytidylic acid homopolymer pair or Newcastle disease virus) did not improve the results obtained with vaccine along, a fact which indicates that factors other than interferon and antibody may play an important role in the treatment of rabies after exposure. PMID- 819600 TI - Ocular antiviral therapy in perspective. AB - The eye presents a unique model for the study of the pathogenesis of viral disease, drugs, and local and general host factors. Disease is easily observed and quantitated, and the presence of two organs sometimes permits controlled observations that are otherwise impossible. Perhaps most important, ocular viral infection is disabling and blinding, and the success of its treatment with antiviral drugs has clearly demonstrated the potential for the use of antiviral drugs in other areas. PMID- 819601 TI - Portal and peripheral vein insulin responses to intravenous glucose in the rhesus monkey. AB - Catheterization of the portal vein and bilateral femoral veins were performed under general anesthesia in 6 healthy male rhesus monkeys. Four days later, sequential, simultaneous peripheral and portal plasma samples were obtained for glucose and immunoreactive insulin determinations before and after administration of 0.5 Gm. of glucose per kilogram (over a 1-minute period) via the opposite peripheral catheter. Two phases of insulin secretion were noted in both portal and peripheral plasma samples. An immediate early-phase insulin response was noted with a peak response at 1 minute followed by a rapid decline to a nadir at 5 minutes. A second phase of insulin secretion was evident with a peak response at 10 minutes and a subsequent decline to basal levels by 60 minutes. Simultaneous portal vein and peripheral vein glucose concentrations were not significantly different from each other by paired analysis. Thus, in the rhesus monkey peripheral insulin concentrations following intravenous glucose exhibit a biphasic response closely paralleling pancreatic insulin secretion. PMID- 819602 TI - Antibiotic synergism in enterococcal endocarditis. AB - The recognition of enterococci highly resistant to streptomycin (S) raises questions concerning the choice of aminoglycoside in treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. Left-sided endocarditis was induced in rabbits with an S-sensitive enterococcus, strain 1 (inhibited by 125 mug per milliliter S), and an S resistant enterococcus, strain 2 (resistant to 7,500 mug per milliliter S). Treatment was initiated 6 hours, 24 hours, or 3 days after infection with procaine penicillin (P) alone, P plus S, P plus gentamicin (G), or P plus sisomicin (Si). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 6 hours before treatment, most vegetations were sterile after 3 days therapy with each combination but not with P alone which had mean log10 colony forming units per gram of vegetation (log CFU) of 2.5. With strain 2 the log CFU were lower (1.9 to 2.6) with each combination than with P (4.0). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 24 hours and then given 9 days of therapy, the log CFU were decreased with each combination (2.0 to 2.3) as compared with P alone (4.9). With strain 2 the log CFU were lower with P plus G or Si (1.5 and 2.5) than with P alone or P plus S (4.5 AND 4.1). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 3 days and then given 7 days of therapy, the log CFU were 4.1 to 5.5 with each combination and 6.7 with P. With strain 2 the log CFU was 4.0 with P plus G or Si as compared with 6.4 and 6.7 for P or P + S. These studies showed little difference between the 3 antibiotic combinations with the S-sensitive enterococcus or in early (6-hour) endocarditis caused by the S resistant enterococcus. There was a large advantage of P plus G and P plus Si over P + S in more established (24 hour or 3 day) endocarditis caused by the S resistant enterococcus. PMID- 819603 TI - Lifelong alterations in endocrine function resulting from brief perinatal hypothyroidism in the rat. AB - The late consequences of a brief period of perinatal hypothyroidism were studied in the rat by giving propylthiouracil (PTU) prenatally to the mothers and/or neonatally for 5 days to the pups. Perinatal hypothyroidism produced a delay in eye opening, a diminution in weaning weight, a delay in puberty and first estrus, and a prolongation of estrus cycles. The neo-PTU rats usually had a persistently enlarged thyroid gland associated with an elevated pituitary, hypothalamic, and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. The metabolic clearance rate of TSH and response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were normal. The response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation was significantly blunted in adult neo-PUT males, suggesting secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism. As a result of these studies, serious thought should be given to the possible consequences of antithyroid drug therapy of pregnant women, and certainly all pregnant hypothyroid women should receive full replacement therapy. PMID- 819604 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte, monocyte, and macrophage bactericidal function in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - To determine if the susceptibility of patients with lymphoma, particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma, is related to an abnormality in leukocyte function, the serum, neutrophils, and monocytes from a group of 29 patients with all stages of untreated Hodgkin's disease were studied simultaneously with a group of normal subjects. The patients' neutrophils and serum functioned normally in the killing of E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. typhimurium. The killing of E. coli and listeria by their monocytes was equal to that of monocytes from the control subjects. A significantly greater number of salmonella and listeria were recovered from monocyte-derived macrophages from Hodgkin's patients than from control subjects after 1.5 hours of challenge with bacteria. This suggests that the macrophages from Hodgkin's patients may be more avidly phagocytic than normal. PMID- 819605 TI - Destruction of ossicles in chronic otitis media. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in the destruction of ossicles in chronic ear disease caused solely (monoinfection) by one of the most common three bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Proteus strain. Material included 337 cases from 1,093 radically operated ears both with cholesteatoma and without cholesteatoma and in addition cholesteatomatous ears without signs of infection since diagnosed. In 190 ears with cholesteatoma but without discharge the ossicular chain was found damaged at the time of operation in 75 per cent and in 147 discharging ears with cholesteatoma in 79-97 per cent. In infected ears without cholesteatoma the chain was broken in 59-78 per cent. In all groups the most extensive lesions were caused by Proteus strains. This was also the fact in microscopic studies concerning extension and severity of histopathological findings. It seems to us that vascular bone erosion caused by active granulation tissue, the process triggered initially by infection, is the main mechanism for destruction of ossicles both in cholesteatomatous and in non-cholesteatomatous ears. From the histological point of view the ossicles in ears with Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus strains can be so destroyed that their use for autografts is questionable. PMID- 819606 TI - Quantitative analysis of individual bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography: an improved method. AB - The quantitative analysis of individual bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography has been improved by column oven temperature programming and by a new liquid phase, SP-2401. The method is fast; bile acids are well resolved; retention times are reproducible; detector responses are linear and sensitive to 0.1 mug: and there is little adsorption onto the liquid phase. The method has been successfully used for bile, and it has the potential for use on serum. PMID- 819607 TI - Erythroid and myeloid regeneration after nitrogen mustard therapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and treatment with an anabolic steroid. AB - Stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) received a lethal nitrogen mustard injection. Autologous bone marrow reinjection resulted in survival of the majority of animals. Treatment with an anabolic steroid accelerated erythropoietic and leukopoietic recovery. This appears to be related to increased erythropoietin production and increased number of colony forming units in the bone marrow. PMID- 819608 TI - Continuous low rate enteral feeding. AB - The original method of continuous low rate enteral feeding is used in cases of nutritious deficiencies and is found to be of value in view of its scientific and technical advantages. Its value is demonstrated by 95% satisfactory results. Furthermore, its low cost, handiness and ease of operation make it accessible to any medical or surgical center where it may have a preferential if not exclusive place. PMID- 819609 TI - Continuous low flow enteral reanimation in post-operative upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 50 cases. AB - A new method of treatment for non arterial upper G.I. bleeding is described. It consists of continuous flow instillation of a liquid which has vaso-active, neutralizing, and dressing properties. This treatment was successful in 86% of the cases. PMID- 819610 TI - Proceedings: Localization of gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide and motilin. PMID- 819611 TI - Revitalization of pulpless open apex teeth in rhesus monkeys, using collagen calcium phosphate gel. PMID- 819612 TI - Suppression of reaginic antibody (IgE) formation in mice by treatment with anti mu antiserum. AB - Neonatally initiated injection of anti-mu antiserum in mice has been shown to suppress the formation of reaginic antibodies in response to infection with the intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. This observation supports the hypothesis that IgE-producing cells arise from IgM-bearing precursors. PMID- 819613 TI - Genetic polymorphism of mouse immunoglobulin light chains revealed by isoelectric focusing. AB - Light chains isolated from normal immunoglobulin of unimmunized mice were analyzed by gel isoelectric focusing. Examination of the focusing patterns of light chains from nine inbred mouse strains showed that six of the strains (SWR/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1J, A/J, CBA/J, and C57BL/6J) possessed a virtually identical spectrum of focusing bands, while the remaining three strains (RF/J, AKR/J, and C58/J) showed clear differences involving several bands. Analysis of the light chains of individual SWR/J, C58/J, and F1 hybrid mice indicated that the differences in focusing pattern were inherited in a simple codominant fashion. A new procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of light chains from small quantities of serum. PMID- 819614 TI - [Measurement of thyroxine binding globulin by competitive ligand binding assay (CLBA) (author's transl)]. AB - The competitive ligand binding assay (CLBA) first described by Chopra et al. ((1972) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 35, 565-573) is a convenient routine method for the accurate measurement of thyroxine binding globulin in large numbers of serum samples. The assay is based on the partition of a constant quantity of radiolabelled T3 between a fixed quantity of rabbit T3 antibodies and the thyroxine binding globulin of the serum, after prior removal of T3 and T4 from the serum with an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA 400). In euthyroid subjects serum thyroxine binding globulin was 25.5 +/- 5.0 mg/1, in hyperthyroid patients thyroxine binding globulin was significantly decreased to 13.0 +/- 4.0 mg/1 and was significantly increased in hypothyroid patients to 36.8 +/- 6.2 mg/1 as well as in pregnant women to 41.3 +/- 6.2 mg/1. No difference was found between normal subjects and young women taking contraceptive pills with low oestrogen content. There were significant negative correlations between the thyroxine binding globulin in serum on the one hand side and the free T4-and free T3-fraction on the other. The low thyroxine binding globulin estimates in hyperthyroid patients increased gradually to normal during treatment with thyroid blocking drugs, the elevated thyroxine binding globulin in hypothyroid patients decreased to normal during treatment with thyroid hormones. The competitive ligand binding assay used here seems to be convenient as a routine method for the precise and reproducible measurement of thyroxine binding globulin in serum. PMID- 819615 TI - Differential cortical degradation in the two members of early conjugant pairs of Oxytricha fallax. AB - A differential resorption of the anterior ventral cortical structures is shown to occur in early conjugating pairs of Oxytricha. The member on the pair's left resorbs the collar membranelles and the frontal and right marginal cirri; the member on the pair's right resorbs the central and posterior membranelles (lapel) of the adoral zone of membranelles. The lapel of the left member then aligns with the collar of the right member to form a composite structure which appears with light and scanning electron microscopy to be completely integrated. Consequently, a 4-5-hour-old pair contains slightly more than one complete set of anterior ventral organelles (viz., one extra set of undulating membranes) and two complete sets of ventral and anal cirri. Analysis of conjugant pairs in which the two members are joined in abnormal positions suggests that neither the proximity of certain cortical organelles to the region of cytoplasmic bridge formation, the specific pairing position, nor the relocation of certain cortical organelles into a different cortical region is directly responsible for determining which resorption pattern occurs. Furthermore, analysis of the cortical events in conjugating doublets suggests that neither nuclear determination nor differential gene expression can account for the phenomena observed in Oxytricha. PMID- 819616 TI - Purification and characterization of leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 158 was released from bacteria by autolysis and purified 19-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation (20% saturation) and combined 'tandem' gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 superfine and Bio Gel P-100. The product gave a single band (mol. wt. 27000) after poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). However, it was separated into two active peaks (pI 5-0 and 5-2) by isoelectric focusing, and into five bands by disc electrophoresis without SDS. All bands contained leucocidic activity of about the same specific activity and retained their homogeneity. The purified toxin was thermolabile and was inactivated by pronase, but not by several other proteases. The ultraviolet light absorbancy was typical of proteins. Antibodies directed against leucocidin were detected by passive haemagglutination and by toxin-neutralization. These antibodies inhibited the cytotoxic action of leucocidin bound to granulocytes. The toxin damaged all tested leucocytes (granulocytes of various animal species and lymphocytes of humans) and a number of tissue cultures, but was ineffective against erythrocytes, thrombocytes and isolated granules from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The intravenous lethal dose for mice was about 1 mug. PMID- 819617 TI - The cytotoxic action of leucocidan from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes treated in vitro with leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa underwent characteristic morphological alterations as shown by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Within a few minutes of exposure to leucocidin the granulocytes became round, and protoplasmic extrusions appeared on the cell membrane, were withdrawn again and put out at another point of the cell. The final stage of the leucocidin-treated leucocyte was an enlarged, rounded vesicle with apparently intact plasma membrane. Omission of calcium ions from the diluting buffer caused certain differences in the morphologic appearance of the damaged leucocytes. PMID- 819618 TI - Motility in normal and filamentous forms of Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - By suitable choice of medium, Rhodospirillum rubrum has been grown both in normal (length 2 mum) and filamentous (length up to 60 mum) forms. Both forms were highly motile, and negatively-stained preparations showed bipolar flagellated cells, with an average of seven flagella at each pole. Motion consisted of a series of runs and tumbles, the ditribution of run time-lengths being Poissonian. Both forms tumbled in response to dark shock and showed negative chemotaxis to oxygen. The observation that the motility pattern was very similar in normal and filamentous forms makes chemical control of tumbling unlikely and favours a system involving membrane potentials. PMID- 819619 TI - An indirect immunoradiometric assay of microbes. PMID- 819620 TI - Isolation of lipoteichoic acids from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. AB - Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and deacylated lipoteichoic acid have been isolated from the bovine-rumen Gram-negative anaerobe Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens by phenol extraction. Lipoteichoic acid (21.8 mumol phosphorus/g cells) consisted of a conventional 1, 3-phosphodiester-linked chain of glycerol phosphate units joined covalently to a glycolipid. It was not substituted with glycosyl or D-alalyl ester groups. Deacylated lipoteichoic acid (57.5 mumol phosphorus/g cells) was similar in constitution but lacked fatty acid esters. Lipoteichoic acid reacted serologically with antisera to the glycerol phosphate backbone of known lipoteichoic acids. The presence of similar teichoic acid polymers has also been demonstrated in some other strains of B. fibrisolvens and this is of significance in demonstrating that teichoic acids can occur in Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 819621 TI - Phototactic response of aerobically cultivated Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Motile cells of aerobically cultivated Rhodospirillum rubrum, containing no detectable bacteriochlorophyll, assembled at a spot of strong light projected through a dark-field condenser. Far-red light was not effective, indicating that bacteriochlorophyll and thus photosynthetic metabolism was not responsible for the phenomenon. Bacteria moving towards the centre of the light spot changed direction less frequently than those moving towards the margin. They also responded to temporal changes in the intensity of light, altering their swimming direction more frequently after a sudden decrease in light intensity than after an abrupt increase. PMID- 819622 TI - Arabinose with LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall of an aerobic coryneform organism isolated from human skin. PMID- 819623 TI - Antimicrobial activities and antagonists of bacilysin and anticapsin. AB - The dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin is active against a wide range of bacteria and against Candida albicans. Its C-terminal amino acid, anticapsin, is a very poor antibacterial agent. The activities of both substances are strongly dependent on the nature of the culture medium. In a minimal medium the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacilysin with E. coli B is 10(-3) mug ml(-1). The action of bacilysin amino acids. With several bacteria, bacilysin-resistant mutants are found in unusually large numbers. It is suggested that peptide and amino acid transport systems play a role in these phenomena. The antimicrobial action of bacilysin is also inhibited by glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. This antibiotic may therefore interfere with glucosamine synthesis and thus with the synthesis of microbial cell walls. PMID- 819625 TI - Identification of beta-lactamases by analytical isoelectric focusing: correlation with bacterial taxonomy. AB - beta-Lactamases (EC. 3.5.2.6) can be directly compared by analytical isoelectric focusing. Using this technique, 242 strains from five Gram-positive and 16 Gram negative genera were examined. A preparation of each strain focused as a single group of bands which did not match the pattern of any R factor-associated beta lactamase. None of the strains was known to carry an R factor and resistance transfer experiments were unsuccessful. The enzymes studied were therefore thought to be chromosomally mediated. The isoelectric points ranged from 3.9 to 8.7 and were not related to the substrate profiles or other biochemical properties. The chromosomal beta-lactamases appeared to be specific for genus, species and sub-species, and strains that produced identical beta-lactamases had identical bacterial characteristics. Correlation of bacteriological differences with differences in beta-lactamase patterns is discussed with particular reference to strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Since beta lactamases may be universally produced by bacteria, separation of the enzymes by analytical isoelectric focusing could be used in bacterial taxonomy. PMID- 819624 TI - The mode of action of bacilysin and anticapsin and biochemical properties of bacilysin-resistant mutants. AB - Bacilysin is hydrolysed to L-alanine and anticapsin by suspensions of a bacilysin sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus but not by those of a resistant strain derived from it. In contrast, it is hydrolysed by extracts of both strains. Anticapsin is a powerful inhibitor of glucosamine synthetase in extracts of both the bacilysin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Staph. aureus. Bacilysin, by comparison, is a relatively poor inhibitor of glucosamine synthetase in crude extracts when its hydrolysis is inhibited by EDTA. A phenylalanine auxotroph of Staph. aureus readily uses L-analyl-L-phenylalanine for growth, but a bacilysin resistant mutant of this strain does not. It is suggested that the antibacterial activity of bacilysin depends on its transport into the organism, its hydrolysis to anticapsin and on inhibition by the latter of glucosamine synthetase, and that bacilysin-resistant mutants are defective in a transport system. PMID- 819626 TI - The RNAs of the defective interfering Pichinide virus. AB - A Pichinde persitently infected BHK21/13S culture was established in which defective interfering (DI) virus continued to be synthesized after cessation of plaque-forming virus replication. This DI virus, concentrated from NaCl polyethylene glycol treated tissue culture fluids, was shown to band over a much broader range than standard virus, in either discontinuous or continuous sucrose gradients. The polyacrylamide gel profile of the RNAs extracted from standard virus contained six components with sedimentation coefficients corresponding to 31, 28, 22, 18, 15 and 4-6S. All RNAs extracted from DI virus preparations, however, did not contain the 22 and 15S species. Furthermore, a new 20S fraction was observed in DI virus taken from cultures which had been maintained for more than 175 generations after the initial infection, whereas it was absent in DI virus synthesized prior to that time. PMID- 819628 TI - The classification and nomenclature of viruses. Summary of results of meetings of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in Madrid, September 1975. PMID- 819627 TI - The membrane location of scrapie infectivity. AB - Using 5'-nucleotidase and NADPH: cytochrome c reductase as respective enzyme markers for the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, a satisfactory separation of these two membrane fractions from a cell line (SMB) derived from a scrapie mouse brain has been achieved. The coincident distribution of scrapie infectivity and 5'-nucleotidase in various fractions isolated from these cells indicates that most of the scrapie infectivity present in this cell line is associated with the plasma membrane. PMID- 819629 TI - Excretion of guanidino-derivates in urine of hyperargininemic patients. AB - Quantitative determinations were made for seven guanidino-derivates in urine of patients affected with hyperargininemia, lysine cystinuria, healthy children and adults, goats and monkey. The amount of all seven guanidino-derivates excreted in the urine with the exception of guanidino-succinic acid was large in the case of hyperargininemic patients. Guanidino-succinic acid is found in traces in the urine of these patients, even after arginine loading tests. There is apparently no similarity concerning the guanidino-derivates between the patients with hyperargininemia, a pathological status, and the arginase deficiency in goats and monkeys, a physiological phenomenon. PMID- 819630 TI - A comparison of the effectiveness of primidone versus carbamazepine in epileptic outpatients. AB - Prior to the release of carbamazepine for the treatment of patients with psychomotor and grand mal seizures, primidone was regarded as the drug of choice for these disorders, especially when combined with diphenylhydantoin (DPH). It was, therefore, of interest to compare the effectiveness of carbamazepine against primidone when added to a therapeutic dose of DPH. Forty-five patients completed a 6-month study with each patient serving as his own control. The patients were initially stabilized on therapeutic doses of DPH and one of the test compounds, while all other medications were withdrawn. After 3 months of treatment, they were transferred onto the other drug for a second 3-month period. Extensive laboratory testing, including anticonvulsant levels, electroencephalograms, and neuropsychological evaluations, was performed. For the most part, the patients remained on outpatient status, returning for reports of seizure frequency, side effects, and laboratory studies every 14 days. The study was conducted in a single blind fashion by the treating neurologists; double blind by the electroencephalographer and psychologists. The results indicated that the two drugs did not differ in their effectiveness on seizure control. There were somewhat more side effects--none serious--with carbamazepine than with primidone. The EEG showed increased fast activity with primidone and increased theta activity with carbamazepine. There was no difference in regard to decrease of electroencephalographic seizure discharges. The patients showed more impairment on a repeatable neuropsychological test battery with primidone than with carbamazepine, and they also showed an increase on the psychopathic deviate scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory. Depressive feelings, when present, lessened while under treatment with carbamazepine. The results suggest that patients with the seizure types under consideration and who do not respond to DPH alone or to a DPH-phenobarbital combination can be placed on either carbamazepine or primidone while phenobarbital is discontinued. A patient who is intellectually and emotionally intact with no past history of behavioral disturbances may do better on primidone than carbamazepine, because this drug gives fewer side effects. On the other hand, those patients who have a past history of emotional and/or intellectual disturbances may profit more from carbamazepine. PMID- 819631 TI - Homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol production by the monkey spinal cord. PMID- 819632 TI - Purification of nerve growth factor antibodies by affinity chromatography. PMID- 819633 TI - Technique for placement of experimental indwelling carotid artery catheter. AB - A technique for placement of an indwelling carotid artery catheter in the rhesus monkey is presented. These indwelling catheters have proved useful in the investigation of regional cerebral blood flow using xenon-133, positive contrast angiography, and fluorescein angiography. Although limited thus far to studies in experimental anemic stroke, this technique could be adapted to a variety of experimental situations in which serial evaluations of the cerebral vasculature are indicated. PMID- 819634 TI - The role of laboratory research in the clinical treatment of acute spinal cord injuries. PMID- 819635 TI - Bone scan in mastocytosis: case report. AB - A 45-year old man with well-documented systemic mastocytosis showed generalized symmetric increased activity on bone imaging. These scan findings are grossly indistinguishable from those of patients with renal osteodystrophy or secondary hyperparathyroidism. The images of the hands, however, failed to show the changes observed in secondary hyperparathyroidism. The mechanism for this intense activity is thought to be due to aberrant new-bone formation. PMID- 819636 TI - Plasma adrenocorticosteroid levels in protein and energy restricted pigs. AB - Pigs (Yorkshire) were subjected to protein-energy malnutrition in the following manner: 3- or 4-week-old pigs from control dams were fed a control diet (18% protein), an energy-restricted diet (18% protein), or a low protein diet (6% and 3% protein) for 8 weeks. Energy restriction was achieved by feeding the control diet in amounts that allowed some growth, but only to an extent equal to the low protein diet being matched. After the restriction period, all pigs were fed the control diet for another 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at intervals from the superior vena cava. Plasma samples were analyzed for corticosteroids in all groups and for free cortisol in the controls and 3% protein groups. No significant differences were found for total plasma corticosteroids among all groups. Free cortisol was found significantly higher in the 3% group compared to the controls. An ACTH test was performed with depleted and recovered pigs of the 3% protein group and controls. No differences were found among controls, depleted and recovered pigs. PMID- 819637 TI - Proceedings: From sulfur to sulfate: ancient and recent considerations. PMID- 819638 TI - Oral lesions in fucosidosis. AB - The oral lesions in two previously reported cases of fucosidosis are discussed. The patients have coarse facies, severe mental retardation, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, deficiency of a-L-fucosidase, and red punctate lesions of the skin and oral mucosa. Gingival biopsy specimens showed that these lesions were identical to the angiokeratoma corporis diffusum reported in Fabry's disease, but had different locations. Because of the slowly progressing psychomotor retardation and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections that the prognosis for patients with this disease is poor. Treatment appears to be aimed at early diagnosis through amniocentesis. PMID- 819639 TI - Isoniazid hepatitis in adolescents. AB - Prophylactic isoniazid therapy is currently recommended for adolescents with positive tuberculin reactions because of the risk of activation of tuberculosis in this age group. Since this drug has been associated with hepatic dysfunction in adults, the present study was undertaken to evaluate its effect on liver function in teen-agers. Accordingly, liver function tests were performed on 178 adolescents prior to and following administration of INH. Abnormalities in SGPT values were encountered in 10% of these patients and occurred in the main within the first 10 weeks of testing, suggesting INH maybe hepatotoxic. However, jaundice was notably absent in the patients with enzyme elevations and prompted a further investigation into the possible effect of INH on bilirubin metabolism. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats were given four daily injections of INH. These animals manifested increased hepatic bilirubin glucuronyl transferase activity when compared with control rats, supporting the hypothesis that enzymatic induction may be responsible for the absence of jaundice in our adolescent subjects. PMID- 819640 TI - Letter: Ocular teratogens. PMID- 819641 TI - Pseudomonas carrier rates of patients with cystic fibrosis and of members of their families. AB - The majority (86.6%) of patients with cystic fibrosis were found to be carriers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of them, however, carried P. aeruginosa in their nares. In contrast, none of the non-CF family members of the patients with CF were carriers of P. aeruginosa. For example, only 4 of 468 cultures from skin, throat, and nares of the family members were positive for P. aeruginosa. Isolations of P. aeruginosa from the same CF patients were often of the same pyocine type. No specific pyocine type of P. aeruginosa was predominant in patients with CF. Isolations of P. aeruginosa from siblings with CF may or may not be of the same pyocine type as that of the family proband. Colonization of a patient with CF by P. aeruginosa is not a threat to the non-CF members of the family. PMID- 819642 TI - Absence of the sixth component of complement in a patient with repeated episodes of meningococcal meningitis. AB - A previously healthy 6-year-old boy who presented with meningococcal meningitis responded favorably to ampicillin, but suffered two and possibly three repeat attacks in the ensuing month. No abnormality of the otolarynx, skin, or neuroskeleton was found. The infecting strain, Neisseria meningitidis, Group Y, Type IV, was sensitive to the therapeutic agents used, and antibiotic levels were adequate. Serum bactericidal antibody titers against autologous meningococci were high. Serum complement hemolytic bactericidal activities, however, were entirely lacking, and this was attributable to a complete deficiency of C6. Measurements of the remaining complement components, C-dependent chemotaxis and opsonization, neutrophil function, specific immunity, and the coagulation system, were normal. The parents had half-normal C6 levels. Recurrence of meningitis in this patient supports the concept that complement plays a role in resistance to certain microorganisms and emphasizes the need for complete evaluation of the complement system in individuals with unexplained repeated infections. PMID- 819643 TI - Course of infection with enteric parasites in hosts shifted from enteral to total parenteral nutrition. AB - Two groups of rats were kept on an oral diet after infection with 10(4) Trichinella spiralis or 10 Hymenolepis diminuta larvae. Sixteen days and 2 days after infection with H. diminuta and T. spiralis, respectively, 8 rats from each group were switched to intravenous (iv) alimentation, while the remaining animals were retained on oral nutrition as controls. Rats were killed during the following 21 days. The number of T. spiralis recovered from iv-fed rats was significantly higher than in controls, whereas the sex ratio and worm size were similar. Disaccharidase deficiencies normally associated with either infection or parenteral feeding were additive in the infected, parenterally nourished rats. The rise in peroxidase activity normally associated with intestinal trichinosis was not as great (P less than 0.05) in iv-fed rats. Intravenous feeding did not affect tapeworm number, but caused destrobilization. This was followed by secondary proglottization that led to development of worms of normal length and with gravid segments, but with an increased length: weight ratio. CONCLUSIONS: oral food deprivation in the host does not adversely affect development of established T. spiralis. The larger worm burden in iv-fed rats may be due to reduced inflammation normally involved in worm expulsion. Exogenous food in the gut is not necessary for maintaining established H. diminuta; factors necessary for sustenance and growth can be acquired by the worm entirely from the exocrino enteric circulation. PMID- 819644 TI - Tritiated naltrexone binding in plasma from several species and tissue distribution in mice. AB - The binding of 15,16,-3H-naltrexone in human, monkey, dog, guinea pig, rat, and mouse plasma was investigated over a range of concentrations, including predicted therapeutic levels. Studies using equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees indicate that the extent of binding is independent of naltrexone concentration over the concentration range of 1-500 ng/ml for dog plasma and of 0.1-500 ng/ml for human, monkey, guinea pig, rat, and mouse plasma. The extent of naltrexone binding in plasma is similar in the six species studied, the range being from 20% bound in rat plasma to 26% in plasma from beagle and mongrel dogs. This relatively low extent of naltrexone binding in plasma is consistent with previous findings of a large apparent volume of distribution of this drug in the dog. To investigate further the distribution of tritiated naltrexone, the tissue levels of radioactivity in mice at 1, 5, and 15 min after intravenous administration of 8 3H-naltrexone were determined. Naltrexone was rapidly distributed from plasma to tissues, with less than 4% of the dose being present in plasma at 1 min after injection. PMID- 819645 TI - Iodmetric and spectrophotometric assays for cephradine after its hydrolysis with a beta-lactamase. AB - Iodmetric and spectrophotometric methods were developed for the analysis of the new antibiotic cephradine. The procedures are modifications of known methods but are novel in employing a specific beta-lactamase for hydrolysis of the beta lactam ring of the cephalosporin molecule. The iodometric method is rapid, precise, and accurate, but it requires fairly large amounts of cephradine. The spectrophotometric method, using differential UV absorption at 260 nm, is more rapid and more sensitive than the iodometric method but somewhat less accurate. Both methods proved useful for the routine assay of cephradine in certain formulations. PMID- 819646 TI - The fate of diethylstilbestrol in the pregnant mouse. AB - There is much current interest in the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the mammalian fetus; however, little is known concerning the physiologic disposition of DES during pregnancy. Radiolabeled (14C or 3H) DES (30 mug/kg) was given to 16 day pregnant mice and its metabolism, distribution and excretion were studied. After i.v. administration, DES was rapidly cleared from the plasma. The plasma decay rates could be described by the sum of four exponentials having T 1/2 values of 4 seconds, 1.1 minutes, 14 minutes and 13 hours. Moreover, conjugated products of DES accounted for more than one-half of the plasma radioactivity by 5 minutes after dosing. The parent compound was rapidly distributed to blood cells, but the liver was the major site of accumulation of DES and its metabolites. In fact, the total radioactivity in this organ accounted for 50% of the injected dose within 2.5 minutes after treatment. Significant concentrations of radioactivity persisted in liver throughout the 16-hour experiment, with DES conjugates accounting for 80% of the hepatic 14C activity at all time points examined. Approximately 56% of the dose was excreted in the feces within 24 hours, primarily as the parent compound. With DES as substrate, significant levels of UDP-glucuronyltransferase were determined in maternal and fetal liver but not in maternal uterus, placenta of fetal gut. Although the mouse placenta appeared to retard the passage of DES into the fetal compartment, a 3-fold accumulation (relative to fetal plasma) of the compound was found in the fetal reproductive tract. PMID- 819648 TI - Some problems of host and parasite interactions in the coccidia. AB - The current status of some concepts of host and parasite interactions in the coccidia are discussed and evaluated. It is suggested that winter coccidiosis of cattle caused by Eimeria zuernii results from activation of arrested endogenous stages in the tissues of the host. A second aspect of clinical coccidiosis is that infections are seldom monospecific, but little work has been done on infections in animals with multiple species of coccidia. Information in the literature indicates that there are interactions between species of Eimeria in concurrent infections, and it is hoped that investigators will undertake studies to define more clearly what interactions there may be. Finally, the finding that there is a genetic basis for successful transmission of Eimeria separata from rats to mice provides a tool for studying the basis of host-specificity in the coccidia. PMID- 819647 TI - [Frontal cerebral cortex and photic epilepsy of the baboon Papio papio (author transl)]. AB - It was discovered in 1966 that the senegalese baboon (Papio papio) exhibits a photosensitive epilepsy. This finding has led, among other work, to the neurophysiological study of this epilepsy. Although in some characteristics the baboon's photosensitive epilepsy differs from that of man, it can be considered that this animal presents a real model of essential epilepsy, for the study of the human disease. 2. In the baboon, the EEG disturbances triggered by intermittent light stimulation at 25 Hz appear first at the level of the frontal cortex (area 6). At this level, recordings of single unit discharges show an activation of cortical neurones similar to that observed in human patients with focal epileptic lesions ; at the occipital level, the only modification observed is a change in the resting membrane potentials, in the direction of disinhibition. 3. The analysis of cortical visual evoked responses demonstrated the presence of short latency visual afferents at the frontal cortex level, as well as a high level of hyperexcitability for the visual modality. The most photosensitive animals can be distinguished by a more marked frontal hyperexcitability and by slight differences in the form of both the occipital evoked responses (decrease in amplitude of the early part of the response, frequent absence of wave IV) and the frontal ones (higher amplitude of the later part of the responses). In some of the animals, whether they were photosensitive or not, we found high amplitude frontal visual evoked responses resembling spikes and waves. 4. Certain observations in both man and the photosensitive baboon suggested the possible involvement of periocular somatic afferents in the triggering of paroxysmal manifestations. The study of these cortical projections in the baboon showed that they possess certain specific characteristics which distinguish them from the other somatic projections (short latency, large frontal spread and ipsilateral responses of higher amplitude than contralateral). It seems, however, that if they play a role in the epileptic manifestations, these periocular projections are not required to trigger this behaviour. 5. The baboon frontal lobes seem therefore to be an area receiving multimodal projections, possessing a particular sensitivity to visual afferents, and functionally equivalent to a zone of focal epilepsy as might be met with in man or animals. 6. The results are discussed in the light of observations made on the same or other species, or on other types of epilepsy. In particular, the totality of the visual afferents arriving at the occipital level appears to be necessary to trigger epileptic manifestations. Finally, these results present several arguments in favour of the cortical theory of generalised epilepsies, as well as substantiating the value of the baboon as an animal model for photosensitive epilepsy in man. PMID- 819649 TI - Observations on Haemogregarina balli sp. n. from the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. AB - Haemogregarina balli sp. n. is described from the blood and organs of the common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina and from the gastric and intestinal ceca of the presumed invertebrate hosts, the leeches Placobdella parasitica and Placobdella ornata. In the peripheral blood of the turtle, male and female gametocytes and immature erythrocytic schizonts are found within erythrocytes. The maturation of erythrocytic schizonts containing 6-8 merozoites is recorded from liver imprints. Schizonts with 13-25 merozoites are found in various cells of the liver, lung and spleen. In the gastric ceca of the leeches the host erythrocytes are digested, releasing the gametocytes and immature erythrocytic schizonts. Immature erythrocytic schizonts degenerate. Association of the gametocytes occurs in the intestinal ceca. The microgametocyte apparently gives rise to 4 nonmotile microgametes, one of which fertilizes the macrogamete while the other remain as condensed' residual nuclei on the periphery of the developing oocyst. The oocyst increases in size with maturity. A mature oocyst produces 8 sporozoites from a single germinal center. Sporozoites liberated from the oocyst are found in the tissues of the leech. Transovarial transmission of the parasite does not occur in the turtle. Attempts at experimental transmission failed. Previously unfed (control) leeches were negative for the parasite. Haemogregarina balli is compared with other haemogregarines described from C. serpentina. Features of species of Haemogregarina and Hepatozoon as well as the taxonomy of these genera are discussed. PMID- 819650 TI - The biology of Haemogregarina bigemina Laveran & Mesnil, a parasite of the marine fish Blennius pholis Linnaeus. AB - Haemogregarina bigemina was found in all Blennius pholis which exceeded 5.0 cm in length, but in none measuring less than 3.5 cm. No exoerythrocytic development was recorded. The first B. pholis eggs hatched in May while the first patent infections of H. bigemina occurred from September onward in metamorphosed fish. Consequently, if the life cycle of H. bigemina includes a vector, that organism is active between May and September at least. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the hematophagous isopod, Gnathia maxillaris and not leeches, could be a vector of H. bigernina. Developmental stages of sporozoa were found in a small number of the isopods which had fed on infected B. pholis but the parasites could not be identified as H. bigemina with certainty. Subcellular organization, typical of sporozoa, was recorded by electron microscopy of H. bigemina. PMID- 819651 TI - Leucocyte values of alpha-L-iduronidase activity in mucopolysaccharidosis I. AB - Assay of alpha-L-iduronidase in peripheral leucocytes is a rapid and simple diagnostic aid in mucopolysaccharidosis I. The mean value for heterozygotes is one-half the value of normal controls, but overlap between the two groups occurs. Use of this assay may be helpful in genetic counselling of selected couples. PMID- 819653 TI - Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with pyocines. AB - The interactions of a contractile, a filamentous and a small pyocine with a sensitive strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (no. P14) were examined in vivo. The purification procedure used yielded high-activity pyocine preparations that were not toxic to mice. The inhibitory activity of such preparations, when injected into mice by various routes, was retained for up to 24 h. However, high molecular weight pyocines given intraperitoneally in the presence of a lethal dose of strain P14 administered by the same route did not prevent the fatal outcome of infection unless they are given before or together with the bacteria. The small pyocine had no protective effect. In burned mice infected with strain P14, topical application of a filamentous pyocine failed to improve the chances of survival. The results suggest that there is little future for pyocine therapy. PMID- 819652 TI - Krabbe's globoid cell leucodystrophy. Studies on galactosylceramide beta galactosidase and non-specific beta-galactosidase of leucocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts, and amniotic fluid cells. AB - Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase (cerebrosidase) and nonspecific beta galactosidase activities were measured in both cultured skin fibroblasts and leucocytes from a family with Krabbe's globoid cell leucodystrophy (GLD). The activities of these enzymes were also determined in cultured skin fibroblasts of a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis and in cultured amniotic fluid cells. While cerebrosidase activity was deficient in GLD fibroblasts and leucocytes, its activity in GM1 gangliosidosis fibroblasts was increased. Two forms of each enzyme were found on isoelectric focusing, but in the GM1 gangliosidosis fibroblasts, cerebrosidase activity occurred as a single but intermediate peak. The use of cultured cells in assessing isoenzyme abnormalities associated with certain neurolipidoses is discussed. PMID- 819654 TI - Qualitative and quantitative methods for detecting staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin. AB - Concentrated supernates of cultures of 98 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were screened for the production of epidermolytic toxin by (1) biological tests in 3 day-old mice, (2) double-diffusion precipitation tests against specific antiserum, and (3) the appearance of characteristic protein bands on thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing. Positive results were obtained in all three of these tests with supernates from 11 of these cultures; the same 11 strains, and no others, produced epidermal splitting when newborn mice were challenged with viable organisms. Of the 14 phage-group II strains included in the survey, eight (58%) produced epidermolytic toxin. Three toxinogenic strains belonged to phage groups other than group II. A radial-immunodiffusion test employing antiserum to purified epidermolytic toxin proved satisfactory for measuring amounts of epidermolytic toxin in excess of 200 mug per ml. The results of immunodiffusion tests indicated that six of the 11 positive strains produced two serologically distinct forms of epidermolytic toxin and that the remainder produced only one of these. A striking correlation was observed between the presence of toxin of serotypes i and ii and the occurrence of protein bands i and ii in thin-layer isoelectric-focusing gels. These tests should facilitate the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the production of different serotypes of epidermolytic toxin by S. aureus in future surveys of strains isolated from toxic epidermal necrolysis of Ritter's type and impetigo. The two forms of epidermolytic toxin previously designated ETA (pI=7-0) and ETB (pI=6-0) were detected by preparative isoelectric focusing of sero-type-i toxin. Evidence suggests that studies of the effect of heat should provide a means of investigating the relationship between the different molecular forms of epidermolytic toxin. PMID- 819655 TI - Water permeability and lipid composition of toad urinary bladder: the influence of temperature. AB - The water diffusional permeability, its activation energy and the lipid composition were studied in urinary bladders from toads adapted to different temperatures. It was observed that the unidirectional water flux greatly depends on the temperature at which the experiments are performed. This dependence is greater in the animals adapted to higher temperatures. Toads adapted to cold show strong reduction in the activation energy for water diffusion permeability (from 11.4+/-1.9 kcal-mol-1 to 4.4+/-1.1kcal-mol-1) and an increase of 30% in the amount of total lipids from bladder epithelial cells. There were no significant changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, composition of the parafinic chains or protein concentration between toads adapted to both temperatures. The possibility that water translocates through the mucosal border of the toad bladder by partitioning in the polar zone and diffusioning between the hydrocarbon chains of the membrane lipids and that cold adaptation would induce a stronger "packing" of lipids in the membrane is discussed. PMID- 819656 TI - A comparison of the 16S ribosomal RNAs from mesophilic and thermophilic bacilli: some modifications in the Sanger method for RNA sequencing. AB - Two modifications in the Sanger two dimensional electrophoretic procedure for RNA analysis are reported. One increases resolution on the primary fingerprint to the point that digests of large RNAs, of the size 1500-3000 nucleotides yield well resolved fingerprint patterns. The other is a novel endonucleolytic procedure that proves useful in determining sequences of the large oligonucleotides produced by T1 ribonuclease. These modifications have been used in determining the catalogs of oligomers produced by T1 ribonuclease digestion of 16S rRNAs from three related organisms, Bacillus subtilis, B.pumilus and B.stearothermophilus. The possible effects of adaptation to a thermophilic niche on ribosomal RNA primary structure and the phylogenetic relatedness of the two mesophilic Bacilli are discussed. PMID- 819657 TI - Malarial infections in Aotus trivirgatus with special reference to liver pathology. PMID- 819658 TI - Ureteral diverticulosis. AB - Ureteral diverticulosis is a rare condition found mostly in men more than 50 years old and generally requires retrograde pyelography for diagnosis. Urinary obstruction and infection are often associated. No significant morbidity occurs but the analogy of hematuria from ureteral diverticulosis to bleeding from colonic diverticulosis is present. PMID- 819659 TI - Case of anterior urethral diverticulum in male quadriplegic. PMID- 819660 TI - Primary neoplasms in vesical diverticula: report of 10 cases. AB - Of 10 patients with primary neoplasms in vesical diverticula 2 died within 2 years of diagnosis and 8 survived more than 2 years (6 free of disease). These results are contrasted to the relatively poor survival of patients reported in other series. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are stressed. PMID- 819661 TI - Intraoperative localization of a renal calculus using ultrasound. AB - Ultrasound is gaining widespread application in the area of diagnostic urology. We wish to describe its use in the intraoperative localization of a caliceal diverticulum and stone when more conventional techniques would not have been adequate. PMID- 819662 TI - Anthrax in captive carnivores in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Between 20 and 22 June 1974, three captive carnivores (two genets, Genetta sp. and one caracal, Felis caracal) died suddenly in the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden without previous signs of illness. Bacillus anthracis was isolated from their blood and tissues. The organism was highly pathogenic to laboratory animals. The disease was believed to have been contracted from meat fed the animals. PMID- 819663 TI - Blood parasites of British birds and notes on their seasonal occurrence at two rural sites in England. AB - During 1972 and 1973, 309 blood smears were taken from 281 birds caught in Yorkshire and in Hampshire. A seasonal variation in the prevalence of blood parasites with a peak in May was observed. The percentage of birds infected in different months ranged from 3.8 to 15.9. A number of new host records for avian haemoprotozoa were found and these, together with previously unpublished results, are presented in a table which brings the check-list of known British hosts up to date. Details are given of hippoboscid files collected from the birds. PMID- 819664 TI - Haematozoa of East African birds: I. Blood parasites of birds from Marsabit, Nakuru, Ngulia and East Rudolf in Kenya. AB - Blood smears were obtained from 116 birds of 46 species from four locations in Kenya. The parasites observed included species of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma. T. everetti is recorded for the first time from East Africa. PMID- 819665 TI - Papillomas in black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus polykomus). AB - Numerous Papillomas ranging in size from 10-25 mm were found on two Colobus monkeys, Colobus polykomus. These cauliflower-shaped growths were located on the palms and soles of all four feet and on the dorsal surfaces of several fingers and toes. PMID- 819666 TI - Chelation therapy in workers exposed to lead. A critical review. PMID- 819667 TI - Vaccine against human hepatitis B. AB - A highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. It was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. Chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis B virus given intravenously in controlled studies. Tests of the vaccine for control of hepatitis B in man are to be carried out. PMID- 819668 TI - Asthma and athletic performance. AB - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a manifestation of bronchial hyper-reactivity that poses a special problem for the asthmatic engaging in competitive and recreational sports. Recent Olympic successes by swimmers with asthma are not surprising in view of the lessened asthmogenicity of swimming. Neither the cause of EIA nor the reason why some forms of exercise have a greater propensity to provoke EIA is known. Preexercise prophylactic medication with selective beta 2 sympathomimetic agents or cromolyn sodium will reduce or abolish EIA in the majority of asthmatics if administered just before the event. Other agents are less effective or as yet not fully evaluated. With suitable control of exercise induced asthma, asthmatics should not be unnecessarily restricted, and competitive sports or physical recreation can then occupy an identical role in their lives as it does for their non-asthmatic contemporaries. PMID- 819670 TI - The hyperviscosity syndrome. PMID- 819669 TI - Editorial: Salve for the aching heart. PMID- 819671 TI - Letter: Feeding tube placement in the debilitated patient. PMID- 819672 TI - Prolonged hyperamylasemia in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 819673 TI - Editorial: Anaesthetist and the professional hazards. PMID- 819674 TI - Mild hypertension--a review of 126 cases. AB - One hundred and twenty-six patients (71 non-diabetics and 55 diabetics) suffering from mild hypertension (Diastolic BP 90-110) have been reviewed. Hypertension was idiopathic in 123 and possible renal causes were considered in 3 cases. Evidence of target organ involvement, either singly or in combination in the form of electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemic changes, cardiac enlargement on radiology, cerebrovascular insufficiency, retinopathy and albuminuria in the absence of other pre-disposing causes was present in 28.5% of the patients. The prevalence rate of these complications was higher in the diabetics (34.5%) as compared to non-diabetics (23.9%). These complications occurred in the 4th and 5th decades of life in nearly 80% of these patients. Serum cholesterol was higher in diabetic patients with complications than non-diabetics. Mild hypertension may not be an entirely benign condition and the need for controlled studies to assess the efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in this category is stressed. PMID- 819675 TI - Frequency of malignant tumours in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. AB - The frequency of malignant tumours seen in the Departments of Pathology and Radiotherapy of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 1960 to 1972 during which 4753 and 9258 male and 4080 and 6693 female cases were seen in the respective departments has been reported. A marked similarity in the frequency pattern of the malignant tumours was observed. The most common fumours were those of Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Oesophagus, Bronchus and Skin in males and Oral Cavity, Breast, Cervix and Oesophagus in famales. PMID- 819676 TI - The use of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Advantages of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool are many. The patient experiences no discomfort, nor does she feel any sensation. The patient can be examined without moving from her bed. Unlike x-ray, there is no danger of exposing the fetus and the mother to adverse effects of radiation. Its application in determination of fetal death, early in pregnancy, diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and localization of the placenta in cases of antepartum hemorrhage are only some of the obvious applications of this method. PMID- 819677 TI - [Pharmacological studies of fusaric acid. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 819679 TI - [Chemical structure and function of LH-RH and its analogs]. PMID- 819678 TI - [TRH--structure, function and clinical use]. PMID- 819681 TI - [Myeloma and immunoglobins (author's transl)]. PMID- 819680 TI - [Somatostatin--chemical structure, function and clinical use]. PMID- 819682 TI - [Quantitation of the urinary L-chain multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 819683 TI - [The determination of antiactivator; especially inhibitors against the activator induced fibrin clot lysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 819685 TI - In vivo studies on protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inoculated in female mice by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural and intranasal route, and the lethality and damage of various organs were examined. The protease and elastase exhibited respectively the following minimum lethal dose (MLD) values in 24 hr; 300 and 375 mug inoculated intravenously; 200 and 125-250 mug intraperitoneally; and 100 and 62.5 mug intrapleurally. The instillation of a defined dose of the enzyme by the intranasal route was difficult to control, therefore the MLD could not be defined exactly. The protease and elastase were capable of eliciting hemorrhage at various organs of mice according to the route of inoculation. Of protease, intravenous injections elicited petechial hemorrhage at the lungs and parietal bone-area, and severe one in the medullary area of kidney. The intraperitoneal injection resulted in petechial hemorrhage of the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and gastrointestinal serosa. Intrapleural injections and intranasal instillation resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage. Of elastase, intravenous injections elicited confluent pulmonary hemorrhage, hemorrhage in the medullary area of kidney and cerebral ventricles, and petechial hemorrhage at the stomach-walls. The intraperitoneal injections resulted in petechial hemorrhage at the lungs, diaphragm, peritoneum and gastointestinal serosa. Intrapleural injections resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage, and petechiae at the diaphragm and pleura. Intranasal instillation resulted in confluent pulmonary hemorrhage. PMID- 819684 TI - Effects of protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on skin. AB - Protease and elastase were inoculated intracutaneously in rabbits, the process of which was followed. Of the enzymes, 50 mug caused circumscribed hemorrhage at the inoculated local and subcutaneous part, and ulcerating lesions of skin and extensive hemorrhagic lesion at the subcutaneous tissues were observed in the case of inoculation with 250 mug. The doses amounting to 500 to 1000 mug of the enzymes caused extensively ulcerating, necrotic lesions at the skin and extensive hemorrhage at the subcutaneous tissue, and a large amount of hemorrhage was observed in the abdomen. It was observed microscopically that cellular infiltration and hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and muscular layer were caused by administration of 2 to 10 mug of the enzymes, and that degeneration of endothelial cells was caused by 2 mug of them. PMID- 819686 TI - [Incorporation of medical care and nursing into the framework of social welfare for patients with chronic disease - importance of social problems of individual patients]. PMID- 819687 TI - [Organization and activities of a research group instituted for improvement of home nursing of patients with chronic disease]. PMID- 819688 TI - [Nursing record of a patient with chronic disease being treated at home - a fatal case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 819689 TI - [Home nursing: a discussion by social service and nursing students]. PMID- 819691 TI - [Dissolution of a family caused by illness of the mother - from a nursing record of a public health nurse]. PMID- 819692 TI - [Schizophrenic wife and the problem faced by the aged husband and his family - from a nursing records of a public health nurse]. PMID- 819693 TI - [Nursing conference: 5. Strong apprehension expressed by a patient with pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 819690 TI - [Profile of various patients encountered in home nursing - from the nursing records of a public health nurse]. PMID- 819694 TI - [Drug toxicity. 5. Clomiphene. Its pharmacological action and species specificity]. PMID- 819695 TI - [A school-age child with cerebral palsy, and her family]. PMID- 819696 TI - [Communication between the nurse and the patient. 2. "Knowing" and "understanding"]. PMID- 819697 TI - [Simple interpretation of electrocardiograms. 5. Arrhythmia. 2. P wave and QRS complex]. PMID- 819698 TI - [Transfer and support technics. 3. Aged patients. 3. Support of a patient assuming the sitting position]. PMID- 819700 TI - [Human relationships. 3. Possible therapeutic effects of human relationship in schizophrenia. (1). The second proposition on the theory of human relations]. PMID- 819699 TI - [Home nursing of an aged bedridden patient. Behavior of his family members]. PMID- 819701 TI - Individual differences in the occurrence of a lipid peroxidation inhibitor in rat liver soluble fraction. PMID- 819702 TI - Diabetic emergencies: hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. AB - Because hypoglycemia may be rapidly fatal it must be diagnosed and treated early. Ketoacidosis may be difficult to differentiate from hypoglycemia. The diagnosis, treatment and causes of both diabetic emergencies are described. Once rehydration is instituted, further management can be directed using appropriate laboratory and bedside studies that allow stabilization with a high degree of control. PMID- 819703 TI - [Mixed crystal tuberculoprotein from H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 819704 TI - [Immunity against Mycobacterium, with special reference to the experiments using BCG cell wall]. PMID- 819706 TI - [Biochemical genetics of drug resistance of Mycobacterium]. PMID- 819705 TI - [Drug resistance of Mycobacterium (including clinical studies)]. PMID- 819707 TI - [Combination of lipoma of the stomach and duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 819708 TI - [The normal range for albumin and immunoglobulin g concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of children determined by radial immunodiffusion (author's transl)]. AB - By the aid of the radial immunodiffusion method immunoglobulin G and albumin concentration were determined in cerebrospinal fluid of 58 boys and 47 girls (ages 1 month - 14 years). On the basis of clinical criterions these children were considered to be "healthy". The total number of examined children was 1200. RESULTS: The sex-specific investigation of the 1 month-2 years and the 2-14 years old children showed no statistical significant differences. But the agespecific investigation revealed that the immunoglobulin G concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of the older girls was statistically significant higher as compared to the younger girls and that the albumin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of the older boys was statistically significant lower than in the younger boys. The immunoglobulin G/albumin quotient was statistically significant higher in the group of older girls as compared to the group of younger girls. PMID- 819709 TI - [Restitution of the thyrotropic function in goiter patients after discontinuing a long-term suppression therapy with thyroid hormones]. AB - 27 subjects with a negative TRH test were selected among patients with euthyroid goiter treated by thyroid hormones. The hormone therapy was stopped and T3 and T4 concentrations, basal and TRH stimulated TSH levels were determined after one, two and four weeks. A gradual increase of the mean basal and TRH stimulated TSH plasms concentration could be observed. However, after four weeks the TRH test was still negative in two patients and weak positive in another case. T3 plasma levels were lowest after one week which might indicate the presence of an intermittent thyrotropic insufficiency. It is concluded that the hormone-free interval should last four weeks at least before a reliable TRH test can be obtained. PMID- 819710 TI - [Parenteral application of maltose in diabetic patients and controls]. AB - Maltose (10% solution) was infused continuously over 2 h (0,25 g/kg BW/h) in maturity onset diabetics (n=9) and in non-diabetic patients (n=9) serving as controls. During and after infusion changes of parameters measured (blood glucose, IRI, FFA, lactate, pyruvate, uric acid, acid-base status, ketone bodies) were minimal. A significant rise in blood-glucose was observed only in non diabetics. Serum maltose concentrations increased continuously up to 150 mg/100 ml during infusion and were nearly identical in both groups. Post infusion serum maltose decreased slowing during 7h and urinary maltose excretion was found for 18 h. During the first 3 h controls excreted 4% of infused maltose (1.3% as maltose and 2.7% as glucose). In diabetics excretion of carbohydrates was higher and more variable: 14(1.1-35.9) %. The slight metabolic changes, especially in diabetics and the possibility of supplying more calories are favorable effects of parenteral maltose. However slow elimination and increasing urinary losses depending on dosage and conditions of i.v. maltose application account for the limited utilization of the disaccharide in men. Unless further investigations will have been done maltose cannot be recommended as a sole substitute for carbohydrate in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 819711 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on systemic hemodynamics and local contractile state in experimental myocardial infarction: comparison with the effects of pressure, volume and heart rate changes. PMID- 819712 TI - Evaluation of the sub-human primate tube test for pregnancy in primates. AB - A haemagglutination inhibition test, developed specifically for primates, diagnoses early pregnancy in the chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan and baboon. The test was sensitive and reacted positively when the concentration of gonadotrophin in urine was equivalent to 0.03 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin per ml. This degree of sensitivity and the certitude that it cross-reacts with primate luteinizing hormone probably accounts for most of the false positive results. PMID- 819713 TI - A nonhuman primate vascular shunt model for thrombus generation. AB - A nonhuman primate model for thrombus generation was developed. Three different types of test devices constructed of polystyrene or polyethylene-Silastic were exposed to flowing blood in arterioarterial or arteriovenous vascular shunts in rhesus monkeys. The test device design included a simple tube, a vortical flow device, and a turbulent flow device. The amount of thrombus deposited within each individual test device after a 15-minute exposure to blood flowing through the shunt was determined gravimetrically. These studies indicate that a test device designed to include an area of vortical flow generated the greatest amount of thrombus. Test devices fabricated from polystyrene consistently generated larger thrombus deposits than did similar test devices fabricated from polyethylene Silastic. Arteriovenous shunts proved superior to arterioarterial shunts in that flow was predictable in the former and unpredictable in the latter; venovenous shunts thrombosed quickly. Hematologic studies indicated a progressive fall in platelet count during the 4-hour test interval in all animals, whereas in only a few animals were there a shortening of partial thromboplastin time values, a fall in fibrinogen levels, and the appearance of fibrin degradation products. An optimal model for thrombus generation appears to include vortical flow test devices fabricated of polystyrene exposed to flowing blood in an arteriovenous shunt. PMID- 819715 TI - In vivo effect of dihydroxyacetone on oxygen-hemoglobin affinity in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 819714 TI - Further analysis of lung water in baboons resuscitated from hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 819716 TI - Heparin versus citrate anticoagulation in autotransfusion. PMID- 819717 TI - Pre- and postoperative hyperalimentation in the treatment of cardiac cachexia. PMID- 819719 TI - Phosphorus distribution in hyperalimentation induced hypophosphatemia. PMID- 819720 TI - Effect of an elemental diet on the electrical activity of the small intestine in dogs. PMID- 819718 TI - Cyclic hyperalimentation: an optimal technique for preservation of visceral protein. PMID- 819721 TI - Prostaglandins and the hemodynamic course of endotoxin shock. PMID- 819722 TI - Changes in intestinal function following jejunoileal bypass in primates. PMID- 819724 TI - Studies of 11beta-hydroxylation by beef adrenal mitochondria. PMID- 819723 TI - Metabolism of parenterally administered ammonia. PMID- 819725 TI - Effect of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids on rat hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. PMID- 819727 TI - Long-term care data. Report of the Conference on Long-Term Health Care Data held at Tucson, Arizona; May 12-16, 1975. Preface. PMID- 819726 TI - Aging and the alteration of enzymes: a review. AB - The present status of research on age-related alterations of enzymes is reviewed. Evidence which makes it clear that "altered" enzymes do, in fact, exist in old animals is presented. The alteration may result from either a sequence change or a post-synthetic modification. The "error hypothesis" would support the former mechanism; a proposal based upon increasing half-lives of proteins with age could explain the latter. Evidence supporting or contradicting these alternatives is discussed. PMID- 819728 TI - Methodologic problems of common terminology, measurement, and classification. 11. Modifications and new approaches to taxonomy in long-term care: advantages and limitations of the ICD. AB - The primary advantage of an internationally accepted classification of diseases is that data from different countries and parts of the world can be compared and even pooled. Two basic conditions have to be fulfilled if the classification is to be used by a heterogeneous group of users and the data are to be compared: there must exist significant agreement on the content of categories, and the categories must be used in the agreed sense. A brief description is given of a WHO project that has attempted to satisfy these two conditions in the field of mental disorders. Additionally, taxonomy in long-term care requires that a classification should 1) be multiaxial and include certain nondisease as well as disease factors that affect treatment and outcome; 2) be a classification of individuals rather than of diseases and reflect the presence of multiple conditions and degrees of severity; 3) allow linkage of episodes of illness and care in the same individual; 4) be suitable for use by nonmedical personnel, who often play a decisive role in long-term care; and 5) be accompanied by glossaries giving operational terms suitable for reliability and validity tests. PMID- 819729 TI - 14. The patient classification for long-term care developed by four research groups in the United States. AB - Delineation of long-term care problems and measurement of the effectiveness of efforts to deal with them requires a reliable method of describing observations made in the field. Recognizing this need, four groups of investigators have collaborated to produce the Patient Classification for Long-Term Care. Criteria for design of the Classification and its uses are described with specific reference to monitoring the quality of care, to policy making for long-term care, to research, and to education and training. Areas requiring further work are adaptation to care in noninstitutional settings and to children with long-term problems, and development of detailed psychosocial descriptors. Practical application of a classification scheme should not, however, wait upon the solution of all existing problems; a built-in mechanism of revision, analogous to that of the ICD, would make it possible to get on with the job of patient care, improving our methods of observation as we go, on the basis of experience. PMID- 819730 TI - 15. Canadian experience with patient care classification. AB - Patient care classification in Canada in the past has been largely dictated by insurance coverage and the fiscal policies of the individual provinces. In recent years, however, the Canadian Department of Health and Welfare has been promoting the development of a standard patient care classification based on assessment of client or patient needs in regard to the category, type, and level of care. Experimentation with the proposed classification system in several provinces confirms the need in long-term care to include assessment of nursing requirements, physical functioning, and psychosocial assets and liabilities, and points to the importance of using such a classification for planning and evaluating patient care as well as for administrative purposes. PMID- 819731 TI - 17. Description versus valuation in long-term care data. AB - This article discusses problems in using basic data sets as a source of material when analyzing the cost effectiveness and cost benefit of long-term health care. It is argued that data relevant to patient functioning, coping resources, environmental stress, and service inputs should be purged, insofar as practicable, of all valuation elements. Valuation must be addressed at the policy level and depends upon who makes the decision, at what time, and in what context. The role of the basic data set is to provide a ready point of entry for such valuations. PMID- 819732 TI - 18. Uniform cost accounting in long-term care. AB - Uniform cost data are essential for managing health services, establishing billing and reimbursement rates, and measuring effectiveness and impact. Although it is especially difficult in the case of long-term health care to develop standard cost accounting procedures because of the varied configurations of inpatient, intermediate, and ambulatory services, the overall approaches to cost accounting and its content can be made more uniform. With this purpose in mind, a general model of cost accounting is presented for a multilevel program of long term services, together with a special method for ambulatory services using "hours accounted for" as the basic measure. PMID- 819733 TI - 19. Generic services for the long-term care patient. AB - The purpose of multidimensional functional assessment of the long-term care patient or client is to identify the relevant set of services or service package. This necessitates defining the universe of services independently of existing service providers and settings, which vary considerably in scope and type of activities. A list of 24 generic services developed by the Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development has proved useful in assigning patients to the appropriate providers. It is also a means of describing accurately the service capacity of a given program or institution, as well as the precise nature of the intervention, or set of services, in studies of impact or outcome. Planners and evaluators can use the list to cost existing programs and to plan new ones more responsive to the requirements of long-term care patients and clients. PMID- 819734 TI - Development of long-term care data systems. 20. Problems of data collection in long-term health care. AB - Data collection involves decisions of what to count, how to count, and what to do with the count. The first of these will be determined by the third, since it is the goals which decide what data should be collected. Ways of categorizing and classifying patients, services, treatments, and personnel in relation to long term medical care must be formulated, and development of comparable data requires definition of baselines or units of observation. Many decision makers with widely varying interests will be competing for information, and to ensure timeliness and accuracy, data collection should be restricted to a minimum of simple, easily obtained, and unambiguous items. Routine reporting of events, periodic censuses relating to persons, and sample surveys all have advantages and limitations. Probably the most useful tools are long-term care registers, as they enable longitudinal studies of patient cohorts. Reliable but confidential means for linking personal records must be found and all records in the system must flow into a central collecting point. PMID- 819735 TI - 21. The National Center for Health Statistics; long-term care surveys. AB - The NCHS has been conducting ad hoc surveys of nursing homes and other long-stay institutions since 1963. Growing public concern about the quality of care in nursing homes has provided the support to expand these data collection activities and establish a biennial program, commencing with the 1973-74 Nursing Home Survey. Based on a national probability sample, the new program collects a wide range of data about the health status and demographic characteristics of residents, availability of personnel and services, facility characteristics, costs, charges, and sources of payment. Among the problems common to these surveys are the difficulties of measuring quality of care, assessing the actual cost of services or episodes of illness, classifying long-term care establishments, and adapting survey methods to measure longitudinal changes in health status of residents and the corresponding provision of services. PMID- 819736 TI - 22. Some successes and failures with long-term care data systems: the Rhode Island experience. AB - A project by Rhode Island Health Services Research (SEARCH) to develop, adapt, and improve data systems in several Rhode Island long-term care settings includes skilled nursing and intermediate care facilities, two chronic care hospitals, mental health institutions, and home health agencies. A successful medical review system was developed for Medicaid nursing home patients which is now a program funded by the state, as well as a good abstracting system for the two chronic hospitals. Also, steps were taken to correct omissions and inaccuracies found in mental health data used in the Multi-State Information System (MSIS), and to modify a limited management information system used by home health agencies. In retrospect, the project would have been better served had it attempted to be less comprehensive and instead focused its resources in areas of high visibility and unequivocal public concern. The approach would have given the state population based information of much greater power than is currently available, despite the recognized successes of the project in the nursing home and chronic hospital areas. PMID- 819738 TI - 24. The Illinois automated long-term care system--three years of experience. AB - The lack of a comprehensive long-term care information system, common to most state governments, led the State of Illinois to develop and operate a flexible system responsive to a multipilicity of needs. Two hierarchically structured, interfacing data bases on facilities and patients were designed, providing a foundation to which numerous programs related to long-term care can be added as modules or subsystems. Apart from technical and practical difficulties normally encountered in the development of automated systems, the Illinois long-term care data bases have been found to be a viable means of managing large volumes of data, and of providing management information to state agencies that regulate long-term care facilities or utilize their services for state-aided clients. New approaches have been made to match patient needs with available beds, to predict staffing patterns and operating costs, and to test a quality-of-care evaluation system in a regulatory environment. PMID- 819737 TI - 23. The long-term care component of the Massachusetts Cooperative Health Statistics Program. AB - The Office of Health Planning and Statistics of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, with the support of the National Center for Health Statistics, has over the past two years established two data programs in long-term care. The first of these involves experimentation with large-scale collection of patient specific data from long-term care facilities, with the goal of developing statistically valid algorithms to predict the most appropirate level of care for individual patients. The second program has been the development of a data base for home health care agencies, the elements of which are an agency-specific annual statistical report and a patient-specific discharge abstract program. These two programs mark an effort to document home health care activities so as to provide a base of information for program development and evaluation. PMID- 819739 TI - 25. Colorado long-term care statistical reporting system. AB - The long-term care data system being developed in Colorado is based on a patient oriented approach. Patient descriptors and corresponding care needs are used to determine optimum care environments, and to construct an integrated patient/facility data base for evaluating patient care. Simultaneously, the Colorado project is developing an automated, interactive data system that will assist the programs for state licensure and federal certification of long-term health facilities and provide data on patients and facilities for the Cooperative Health Statistics System (CHSS) and state and local agencies. PMID- 819740 TI - 27. CPHA patient care data system for long-term care facilities. AB - Earlier efforts of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities (CPHA) to develop a patient care data system for long-term care facilities were discontinued for lack of user interest and shortage of funds; however, the facilities were encouraged to participate in the hospital data system (PAS) and to use optional data enteries for their special needs. New requirements by external agencies, however, have increased the demands for information on and by long-term care facilities for administration, continued stay review, medical care evaluation, and discharge planning. In its current developmental work, CPHA is giving special attention to methods of classifying long-term care patients, to integrating long-term and hospital inpatient data systems, and to educational programs for long-term care personnel in the use of data to carry out the requirements for quality control and utilization review. PMID- 819741 TI - 30. Common problems of current data systems for long-term care. AB - This article reviews the varied long-term care data systems now being developed in the United States in the framework of a matrix derived from systems analysis and systems theory. Some common problems that emerge are that incentives are coming largely from the societal level; feedback to the institutional and patient care levels is lacking; little attention is being given to the individual level of decision making at one end of the spectrum and the national policy level at the other; and ideas and procedures developed in the acute care setting are being transferred to services traditionally lower in resources and determined more often by levels of patient functioning than by disease. The dominant instrument that emerges in long-term care is the periodic assessment form, in contrast to a hospital discharge abstract or ambulatory care encounter form; however, the data requirements appear to be more voluminous than in the case of acute hospital care, although less manpower is available to respond. PMID- 819742 TI - Basic data requirements. 1. Characteristics of patient care data in the nursing home setting. AB - Patient care data in nursing homes are limited in quantity and quality, and a data "system" is all bu nonexistent. Unique features of data in the nursing home setting are: 1) medical diagnosis is inadequate as an indicator of estimated length of stay, expected outcome, or appropriateness of placement and services; 2) there are no widely accepted classification systems to replace medical diagnosis; 3) desired outcomes in long-term care are not clearly defined or generally accepted; and 4) availability of data varies considerably by type and level of sophistication of facilities and referring agencies. Other characteristics point to the need for multidimensional data to plan multidisciplinary services and for time-related evaluations to monitor progress or decline over months and years. The "socio-psycho-somatic syndrome" that brings the patient to the nursing home must be more carefully described and used as the take-off point for assessment and planning, much as "chief complaint" is used in acute medical care. Special attention must be paid to assessment and documentation of mental function, which assumes great importance in the nursing home setting. PMID- 819743 TI - 2. The data base for rehabilitation services. AB - Rehabilitation is a long-term multidisciplinary, and outcome-oriented process, which requires a more complex data base than one derived from a strictly medical model of diagnosis, treatment, and cure. The rehabilitation data base must document need and potential for benefit, reasons for encounter, intensity of services, response to services in terms of outcome and durability of rehabilitation, and significant modifiers related to the individual and his environment that affect intake, outcome, and follow-through. Research has shown the potential value of functional indices as components of this data base and has illustrated approaches to their validation. A central question is whether a data base designed for patient care can also have utility for institutional management and policy formulation in view of differences in content, level of detail, and timing. Other problems that have become obvious in the past decade of experimentation at the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research include the burden of data collection on professional and technical staff, cost effectiveness of data systems, validity and reliability, too much or irrelevant data in the system, and behavioral obstacles to new systems and their effective use. Despite these problems, multilevel information systems that can be expanded or contracted in detail and are designed to provide data of established utility are clearly needed in rehabilitation. PMID- 819744 TI - 3. Basic data requirements for home health care. AB - At the present time, the national data available on home health services cannot be used to provide the most crude estimates of national programming efforts because of inconsistencies in definitions, data collected, and reporting periods. Among the challenges to those seeking to provide better information about home health care are definition and classification of home health care, its patients, and the comprehensive scope of services provided to both the acutely and chronically ill; development of practical data collection systems for small as well as large agencies; coordination of data to describe the continuum of care; design of practical patient assessment tools; measurement of true costs and of comparative value of home health care; measurement of need and demand; and establishment of goals and methods of program evaluation. PMID- 819745 TI - 5. Basic data requirements for geriatric institutions and services. AB - Long-term care institutions are being patterned inappropriately on the medical model. They have evolved as a patchwork of other types of institutions and as yet have no clear value system of their own. The characteristics of the populations served, the reasons for admissions, their psychological and social deprivations, and the fact that institutional care is essentially a living arrangement point to a greater emphasis on enrichment services, i.e., those going beyond survival, subsistence, and medical maintenance. Data sets for long-term care should therefore be oriented to a social/health model. Assessment methods for evaluating social behaviors that are indicators of services needed are underdeveloped. Orderly methods of evaluating the individual's social support system also require development to aid in determining the type of care needed (whether in the community or in institutions). In addition, data about future generations of older people could provide guidelines to future needs. Though social change is determined by the values of policy makers and the community, data are essential to the formulation of objectives and directions within that framework. PMID- 819746 TI - 6. Limitations of the mental health data base. AB - Mental health research illustrates the value and limitations of data derived from the records of long-term care institutions. Social and other nondisease factors like distance have been shown to play a significant role in determining who gets care; however, patient-related data are not sufficient to measure the prevalence, distribution, and outcome of psychiatric conditions. Rapid changes in treatment over the past 25 years have far outstripped the ability of mental health data systems to inform decision makers or evaluate new approaches. It is recommended that the long-term care basic data set include 1) adequate descriptors of the reasons other than diagnoses that explain the use of services; 2) recording of the increasingly prevalent adverse reactions resulting from treatment; and 3) sufficient identification data to link patient records from different sources and to permit follow-up studies. PMID- 819747 TI - 8. Staffing problems in long-term care. AB - The deficiencies in services of the wide range of health personnel involved in long-term care are well known. Physician involvement at all stages of the long term care process is necessary as well as that of trained nurses, medical specialists, therapists, dentists, pharmacists, and others, and a team approach is essential to evaluate patient needs and to determine staffing requirements to meet them. Basic to the improvement in the education of health care personnel and the staffing of all types of long-term care services are 1) the development and regular recording of information on the needs for health services of chronically ill and aged patients, emphasixing functional status and the nature of disabilities requiring assistance; 2) comprehensive medical-nursing-social evaluation of patients to determine appropriate placement and treatment; and 3) methods of classifying patient data to establish staffing requirements. PMID- 819748 TI - 9. PSRO review of long-term care utilization and quality. AB - PSROs will require a broad range of information with which to develop and sustain the review process for long-term care institutions. The general approach to PSRO review of long-term care described here has been approved by the National Professional Standards Review Council. In implementing this approach, the Bureau of Quality Assurance recognizes that long-term care review is in an evolutionary state, and will initiate a series of demonstrations designed to test and refine various acceptable approaches, rather than require a single uniform methodology for PSRO use. The test period will provide the Bureau with an opportunity to fully assess the feasibility, costs, and impact on the quality of care of various approaches. The basic elements of long-term care review remain unchanged. A general outline of the currently proposed PSRO long-term care review system is described in the middle section of the paper. PMID- 819749 TI - 10. Issues in designing a national program of long-term care benefits. AB - This paper discusses a major policy area in long-term care--the design of a comprehensive national program of long-term care benefits--for which a broad base of information is needed. In the continuum of social welfare, a program for long term care is veiwed as being in the middle ground between health care and income maintenance. Significant issues include the extent of coverage in terms of population groups and types of services, and the relative emphasis given to institutional care, to organized services enabling persons to remain in their homes, and to support of informal care from relatives and friends. Other considerations are methods of controlling costs and utilization, sharing of responsibility between federal and state governments, and establishement and enforcing of standards for providers of services. Two proposals introduced in the 93rd Congress illustrate current approaches to comprehensive long-term care benefits. PMID- 819750 TI - Letter: Comments on "Cost-sharing and prior authorization effects on Medicaid services in California. Part II". PMID- 819751 TI - [Cardio-cutaneous syndromes (apropos of 2 observations)]. AB - Two cases of lentiginosis with associated heart anomalies are described. A review of the different syndromes in which pigmentary disturbances (cafe au lait spots, lentiginosis) are associated with cardiopathy is made by the authors. They emphasize the importance of investigation on members of the patient's family. PMID- 819752 TI - [Clearance of lipid emulsions used in parenteral feeding: study by perfusion of the isolated rat liver and in vivo exploration in the minipig]. PMID- 819753 TI - Conjugated 3,4 dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) in human and monkey cerebrospinal fluid and rat brain and the effects of probenecid treatment. PMID- 819754 TI - [Dosage fields in irradiation with electron beams of light gauge and irregular form]. PMID- 819755 TI - [Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 819756 TI - [Arrhythmia and cardiac insufficiency in Chagas' disease]. PMID- 819757 TI - [Functional study of the sick-sinus syndrome in patients with chronic Chagasic cardiopathy]. PMID- 819758 TI - [Response to PPD in tuberculosis patients infected with M tuberculosis and M bovis]. PMID- 819759 TI - A hypothesis of plasma "atomosphere" around the red cells in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma: A deduction from viscosity study. PMID- 819760 TI - [The nucleases of oxytetracycline producing actinomycetes]. AB - The activity of exocellular nucleases, especially RNase, differs among cultures producing oxytetracycline, and belonging or similar to Actinomyces rimosus, and cultures which are not related to this species. The activity of RNase therefore may be regarded as an additional taxonomic characteristic within the species Act. rimosus. Formation of various enzymes involved in synthesis of nucleic acids was studied with the strain of Act. re end of fermentation, the content of the antibiotic and the activity of exocellular and endocellular RNases and DNases in the cultural broth were maximal. The cultural broth therefore may be used as a source of both oxytetracycline and nucleases. PMID- 819761 TI - [The physiology of thermophilic and mesophilic bacilli during development at optimal and submaximal temperatures]. AB - Thermophilic bacilli, contrary to mesophilic, grow equally well under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This may be due to the presence of more active anaerobic dehydrogenases in thermophilic organisms. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, and the content of ATP, increased in the cells of thermophilic Bac. stearothermophilus 159 and mesophilic Bac. megaterium M strains growing at temperatures close to maximal. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase under these conditions was inhibited. PMID- 819763 TI - Letter: Complications of amniocentesis. PMID- 819764 TI - [Measures against hospital infections. An assessment of the costs and profits]. PMID- 819762 TI - [The effects of haptenic presentation on B and T cell responses]. AB - In this study the effect of haptenic presentation on the nature of immune response was investigated. Haptens (such as p-aminobenzoic acid, p-amino sulphanilic acid and p-aminoarsanilic acid) were coupled to an amino acid (tyrosine) alone, a protein (bovine serum albumine) a bacteria (M. tuberculosis) and injected to guinea pigs. Hapten specific humoral immune response was determined by either quantitative precipitin test or passive hemolysin test. Macrophage migration inhibition and skin tests were used for measurement of hapten specific cellular immunity. Hapten-tyrosine conjugates were found to be either non-immunogenic (PABA-Ti) or immunogenic only for T cells (PASA-Ti and PAAA-Ti). On the contrary, hapten-protein complexes induced anti-hapten antibodies, in the absence of cellular immunity to the hapten. Injection of hapten-bacteria conjugate in to animals caused a marked T cell responses to all haptens used, without or with minute amount of antibody. These results have suggested that it might be possible to direct an immune response towards a preferential humoral and cellular response by changing the way of presentation of a hapten. PMID- 819765 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Review]. PMID- 819766 TI - Glyburide. PMID- 819767 TI - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. II. Characterization of extractable complement-fixing activity. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus-specific complement-fixing (CF) antigen (ECFA) has been solubilized, concentrated, and partially purified. When inoculated together with Freund's adjuvant, ECFA induced CF antibody but not neutralizing antibody or protective immunity. By itself it boosted pre-existing CF antibody but no neutralizing antibody. In double diffusion tests one line developed between ECFA and its antiserum, and a corresponding line became visible when ECFA interacted with an antiserum directed against all LCM virus-specific antigens. Absorption of either serum with ECFA abolished all ECFA-precipitating qualities. Ouchterlony tests also revealed that ECFA prepared from cells and tissues of various species is immunologically identical. By a variety of procedures ECFA was not found to be represented on the surface of either the virion or the infected cell. When purified infectious LCM virus was disrupted, a CF antigen corresponding immunologically to ECFA was set free. In double diffusion tests this antigen gave a line of identity with ECFA. Thus, ECFA appears to be an internal component of the infectious LCM virus. PMID- 819768 TI - Determination of high-energy x-ray spectra by photoactivation. AB - The determination of high-energy x-ray spectra has required scintillation spectrometers with massive shielding, neutron time-of-flight spectrometers, or the tedious counting of electron tracks in nuclear emulsions. A new approach has been developed which takes advantage of the energy dependence of photoactivation cross sections. Radioactivity is produced in a small packet of C, Cu, Co, Y, Zr, and Au foils by approximately 5000 rad (tissue). Since the amount of radioactivity produced in each foil is given by the integral of the product of photonuclear cross section and differential photon fluence, a numerical method for unfolding the spectrum is required, and the orthonormal expansion has been employed for this purpose. The photoactivation method has been used to determine the x-ray spectra produced by 30-MeV electrons incident upon thin and thick tungsten targets, and filtered by equivalent amounts of lead and aluminum. These spectra have been compared to calculated thin-target spectra as well as to those determined by a neutron time-of-flight spectrometer. The central-axis and off axis x-ray spectra produced by a 33-MeV betatron have also been determined. PMID- 819769 TI - Electron scattering and collimation system for a 12-MeV linear accelerator. AB - The original scattering and collimation system for the Siemens Mevatron XII linear accelerator used a lead scattering foil and box-type plastic collimators. This arrangement achieves excellent field flatness by repeated electron scattering. The electrons reaching the patient are widely distributed in energy and direction. This has detrimental effects on the depth-dose curves: slower falloff and increased surface dose. We have developed an alternative system for this accelerator, designed to minimize electron scatter and improve the safety of patient setup. Primary-electron scatter occurs in the bending-magnet exit window. Field uniformity is accomplished with a flattener of thin aluminum discs of different diameters, piled concentrically. An adjustable electron collimator 25 cm from the patient limits beam size, and a final electron collimator, either a cutout from lead sheet or a custom-made collimator of Lipowitz's metal, in contact with the patient, define the area to be treated. This design results in lower surface dose, sharper dose falloff, bremsstrahlung contamination less than or equal to 1%, and a field flatness expressed by a homogeneity index greater than 0.8 for large fields. Since there is no mechanical connection between the machine and the final collimator, the safety aspects of the system are considerably improved. PMID- 819770 TI - Measurement of primary bremsstrahlung spectrum from an 8-MeV linear accelerator. AB - The bremsstrahlung spectrum from an 8-MeV linear accelerator has been measured using a NaI(T1) spectrometer system. The spectrum shows a low-energy cutoff at 0.4 MeV and the maximum photon energy to be approximately 6% greater than the nominal energy. The maximum emission of energy fluence was 1.6 and 1.8 MeV for measured and calculated values, respectively. The fast neutron dose in the photon beam was approximately 0.09% of the x-ray dose. The weighted mean energy was 2.3 MeV, measured value, and 2.4 MeV, calculated value. PMID- 819771 TI - Distortion of fast-neutron dose distribution by bone. AB - The influence of bone on dose distributions due to fast neutrons generated at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Cyclotron was investigated. A paired dosimeter consisting of a parallel-plate, tissue-equivalent ionization chamber and thermoluminscent material was used to partition the absorbed dose into neutron and gamma-ray components. Several thicknesses of bone were simulated using bone equivalent liquid and plastic. Based on these measurements, the authors conclude that, as a result of the increased absorption of neutrons by bone, lower dose levels are found behind bone would be predicted from dose distributions in muscle equivalent liquid. PMID- 819772 TI - [A case of GM1 gangliosidosis]. PMID- 819773 TI - Primate atherosclerosis. PMID- 819774 TI - [Relative effectivity of isoprenaline and disodium cromoglycicum inhalation on strain asthma (exercise-induced asthma)]. PMID- 819775 TI - [Acquired megaloblastic anemias in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 819776 TI - [Thrombotic complications in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 819777 TI - [Control of hypothyroidism substitution therapy using T3 and TSH serum levels with and without TRF administration]. PMID- 819778 TI - [Influence of dipropylacetic acid on hemostasis]. PMID- 819779 TI - [Spinal cord compression by tumors: a pediatric emergency]. PMID- 819781 TI - [Cancer as a risk of exposure to medicinal radiation (author's transl)]. AB - "Radio-cancer" arises in a tissue or organ damaged by radiation; the ionising rays have caused somatic radiation damage but have not produced cancer. A higher risk of cancer as a sequel to constantly increasing exposure to medicinal radiation has not been demonstrated so far. The statements quoted in the paper are due in particular to faulty comparative evaluations in retrospective surveys and to inadmissible extrapolations of findings after the action of high radiation doses to expected effects with low doses. In addition to radiobiology, and radiophysics, knowledge of oncology and clinical radiology must also be taken into account in future. PMID- 819780 TI - [Tumor-related radiographic changes of the vertebral column in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Benign tumors and malignant primary or metastatic neoplasms of the vertebral column are rare in childhood. Radiographic changes are sometimes detected by routine investigations since no clinical symptoms are present. The type of tumor can only rarely be specified from the radiographic changes. Usually a specific diagnosis requires histologic studies. If a tumor the vertebral column is suspected detailed radiographic studies are mandatory to secure an early diagnosis. The impending danger of spinal cord compression makes an early diagnosis and rapid surgical intervention even more important. In our case material we found 11 different tumor types involving the vertebral column. PMID- 819782 TI - [Nutrition and cancer (author's transl)]. AB - There is evidence of the epidemiological role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of various forms of human diseases; several components of nutrition are known to have a carcinogenic effect in man. In terms of epidemiology, however, alcoholism is most important which through the development of malnutrition enhances the risk of carcinosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract particularly in smokers. Nutritional deficiences have an influence on the incidence of cancer of the stomach, cervix and thyroid. Overnutrition favours the development of certain forms of cancer such as malignant diseases of the colon, pancreas, kidney, mamma, ovary, endometrium and prostate. PMID- 819784 TI - [Tropical surgery]. PMID- 819783 TI - [Gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of reduction in mortality, gastric carcinoma is still one of the most frequent types of carcinoma. For this reason precanceroses - pernicious anemia and diffuse adenomatous polyposis of the stomach - must be particularly watched. Whether gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis are precanceroses is discussed. Clinical aspects, therapy and prognosis are described in detail. PMID- 819785 TI - [Trichobezoare]. PMID- 819786 TI - [Current problems of vaccination, especially in France (author's transl)]. AB - Although being a routine procedure, the vaccination almost daily confronts the physician with problems. The contraindications for vaccinations are either misjudged or overestimated. The approach to be assumed in case of a pregnant woman or a patient of old age is often poorly defined. The order of vaccinations to be observed prior to intercontinental travels is generally ignored. However, in view of the regression of most of the infectious diseases, prophylaxis by vaccination must not slacken. For the rest, intensive research is carried on at present to further improve the existing vaccines and to produce vaccines against new diseases. PMID- 819787 TI - [Hemostaseopathies in chronic, azotemic renal insufficiency. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A brief survey on the current concepts of diagnosis and pathogenesis of platelet dysfunction in chronic renal insufficiency is given on the basis of clinical hemostaseological investigations. Phenolic compounds, guanidine succinate and fibrin decomposition products are prominent in the discussion of uremia toxins possibly involved in disorders of thrombocytic function. Clinically practicable methods of analysis are briefly presented and the still imperfect status of therapy is emphasized. PMID- 819788 TI - [The effect of cane sugar on serum lipids (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship between the carbohydrate content of foods and the serum lipid levels are demonstrated in connection with the hypothetical relation between increased sugar consumption and myocardial infarction. The increase in serum triglyceride levels in healthy subjects after a diet rich in carbohydrates in influenced by several factors such as energy balance, absolute quantity of carbohydrate, individual response of the test person, etc. With the aid of a dietary formula trial in healthy adults, saccharose consumed in usual quantities is shown to cause no increase in triglyceride or cholesterol levels. PMID- 819790 TI - [Physicians' discussions centered on conflict. Experience with a didactic group model with students (author's transl)]. AB - For the compulsory practical training in psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine a group model with students has been developed and tested for three years, by means of which the doctor-patient relationship and the utilization of diagnostic psychotherapeutic possibilities of a discussion centered on conflict can be practised. As a necessary supplement to rational teaching by lectures, this offers the opportunity of individual specific learning processes and basis experiences in understanding scenic-averbal approaches by patients via the feed back of the group members, which are indispensable to any future physician. PMID- 819789 TI - [What should the "organicist" know about the cooperation with the psychoanalyst? (author's transl)]. AB - Important tasks accrue to the family physician when attending a patient concurrently taking psychoanalytic treatment. The specific difficulties possibly ensuing are pointed out. These difficulties are explained to be the results of the recurrence of infantile behaviour patterns on the part of the patient, such as commonly occur in every analysis. The possibilities of overcoming these difficulties and of organizing a favourable cooperation between the family physician and the psychoanalyst are described. PMID- 819791 TI - [Current status of conservative and surgical treatment of tuberculosis arthritis in adults (author's transl)]. AB - The more efficient present day treatment with bactericidal anti-tuberculosis drugs combined with surgical procedures results in a much more rapid and longer lasting cure of tuberculous arthritis than previously. We assume actual periods of treatment between 2 and 4 months. It should be borne in mind that tuberculosis is a systemic disease and that the arthropathy only ranks second or third. Godd results are obtained if all concerned in the treatment of tuberculosis harmonize their approach to the treatment. PMID- 819792 TI - [Clinical experience with Arwin (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of 52 cases with Arwin is reported. Convincing success was achieved in disorders of peripheral arterial blood flow in stage III (pain at rest), in which more than 80% of the patients treated became free from pain. In stage IV the success rate is barely 50%. A combination of thrombolysis with streptokinase and Arwin instead of heparin proved valuable as a primary approach in poor outflow conditions. In 4 out of 5 successful second lyses after reobliteration the vascular system remained patent under Arwin. PMID- 819794 TI - [The possibilities and limits of genetic counseling in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 819793 TI - [Problems of definition and of nomenclature in rheumatology (author's transl)]. AB - Rheumatism is the collective denomination for systemic diseases of the locomotor system with possible involvement of internal organs, or on the basis of primary diseases, in particular of infectious, metabolic, endocrinological, hematologic or neurological origin. Problems of nomenclature related to this definition are discussed and examined critically from the linguistic point of view. With the aid of examples the nomenclature of significant rheumatic diseases is discussed as regards the linguistic and characterizing suitability of current or recommended terminology. PMID- 819795 TI - [Genetic heterogeneity of congenital metabolic disorders. A bridge between the physician and the basic science researcher]. AB - Earlier diagnosis of genetic diseases was based on clinical symptoms. Today, molecular biology and biochemistry have led to a better understanding of genetic principles. The exact diagnosis of more than 100 metabolic diseases rests on biochemical investigations which in general are carried out by specialized groups outside the sphere of direct patient care. The study of genetic heterogeneity of inherited metabolic disorders may be a bridge between the doctor and the basic researcher. The doctor will principally concentrate on the relation between gene mutation, enzyme deficiency and the resulting clinical peculiarities. The investigation of the genetic heterogeneity may provide important information on the various aspects of molecular genetics and cell metabolism. PMID- 819796 TI - [Fetoscopy. A new method in prenatal diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Fetoscopes are now being developed which make possible the inspection of human fetuses as well as withdrawal of a fetal blood sample in the early mid-trimester of pregnancy. The preliminary experiences of several groups are presented in this report. In addition, a fetoscopy including fetal blood sampling in a 24 week pregnancy prior to therapeutic abortion is described. The first prenatal diagnoses which have been made using this novel technique, concern defects of the fetal erythrocytes (sickle cel Hb, thalassemia). The fetal blood sample that was obtained in the present case was studied by appropriate methods. As expected, there was no evidence of either of these anomalies. PMID- 819797 TI - [Editorial: Pediatrics and the genetics]. PMID- 819798 TI - [Editorial: Clinical cardiology]. PMID- 819800 TI - [Classification of cardiomyopathiess (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiomyopathies are functional disorders of the heart muscle which are not due to a mechanical overstrain or coronary circulatory disorder. They occupy a special place because they occur either from an unknown cause (primary cardiomyopathies) or in connection with a known primary disease or with infectious or toxic influences (secondary myocardiopathies) as generalized or circumscribed disturbances of the contraction process of the myocardial fibres. A classification can be made according to etiological and according to hemodynamic aspects. PMID- 819799 TI - [Pathology of the "primary" cardiomyopathies (author's transl)]. AB - The definition and clinical classification of the cardiomyopathies which the author uses are briefly mentioned, macroscopic, histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic appearances of the three clinical groups are described in detail. Classification is made into: 1. Congestive cardiomyopathy, 2a. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction, 2b. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction, 3. obliterative or restrictive cardiomyopathy. Loffler's endocarditis parietalis fibroplastica and endomyocardial fibrosis are examples which are compared with eosinophilic myocarditis and pathological evidence that the two diseases belong to the same disease process. The etiological possibilities of the cardiomyopathies are mentioned. Useful diagnostic information is obtained by myocardial biopsy in 68%. PMID- 819801 TI - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The course of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is characterized by a slow progressiveness. The degree of clinical severity can therefore not seldom be unchanged over 10 years and more. Even today, no therapy is known that will guarantee a confirmed improvement in the prognosis of the disease. The symptoms and discomforts can be favorably influenced in many cases by conservative measures. Compared with the conservatively treated patients the favorable results are in the surgically treated group. PMID- 819802 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Congestive cardiomyopathy principally affects adolescent young men. The prognosis is very serious, mortality is almost 50%. Symptomatology, clinical and radiological findings are chiefly determined by signs of cardiac insufficiency. The ECG almost always shows a pathological but not a pathognomonic finding. If ventricular dilation is marked, left ventricular function is partly extremely limited. As causes of congestive cardiomyopathy, inflammatory changes, autoimmunological processes and metabolic disorders are discussed. PMID- 819803 TI - [Editorial: Vagotomy]. PMID- 819804 TI - [Non-resecting surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. I. Pathophysiological principles (author's transl)]. AB - Selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty is a method which permits ulcers to be operated on with less morphological and pathophysiological disturbances than is possible with any other method. After ingestion, a reactive yet reduced acid secretion is still possible through the gastrin stimulus. The retained vagal antral release of gastrin seems to be without importance to the denervated delomorphous cells. Side effects of this type of vagotomy are small. The disturbances of motility and evacuation which also occur here can easily be corrected by an additional pyloroplasty suitable in shape and function. PMID- 819805 TI - [Non-resecting surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. II. Indication and technique (author's transl)]. AB - The indication for the non-resecting combination method arises if the presence of genuine ulcer disease is confirmed by complete diagnostic measures (history, roentgenologic examination, endoscopy, secretion analysis and possibly psychic testing). An extended indication exists for erosive gastritis with hypersecretion, for hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis (Berman's syndrome), for cardiospasm and prophylaxis of hemorrhage. The technique yields permanent curative results if a complete selective proximal vagotomy is combined with a pyloroplasty suitable in form and function. This is also true for duodenal ulcer. In 22% of cases of gastric ulcer, selective vagotomy with antrectomy is necessary. PMID- 819806 TI - [Non-resecting surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. III. Clinical results (author's transl)]. AB - During the last 12 years, 1489 vagotomies were performed at the Chirurgische Poliklinik of Munich University; 1339 of them were selective proximal vagotomies (SPV). The main indication was duodenal ulcer (n = 915) and gastric ulcer (n = 188), including emergency operations for extensive bleeding. Further indications were: sliding hiatal hernia, erosive gastritis and achalasia of the cardia. The SPA was combined in all cases with a pyloroplasty based on form and function. The results are shown in detail related to mortality (elective 0.5%), recurrency (1.6%) and functional results (good 88.2%, fair 7.2%, poor 4.6%). The combined operation of SPV with pyloroplasty is, in our opinion, an operative procedure which allows non resectioning surgical treatment of GDU without selection, i.e. based on form and function. PMID- 819807 TI - [Nephrolithiasis in hypercalciuria and hyperparathyroidism]. AB - In the group of 1635 patients with nephorolithiasis the authors found 16% with idiopathic hypercalciuria. They administered thiazide diuretics for 8 days as a test for the detection of masked hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria. In 6 cases which were diagnosed in this manner, the existence of a parathyroidadenoma could be demonstrated by surgical operation. The hypercalciuria persisted after exstirpation of the tumor, in some cases the nephrolithiasis also remained active. the various pathogenetic mechanisms connected with these common diseases are discussed in relation to these results. PMID- 819808 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis (author's transl)]. AB - From an examination of all possible methods for the treatment of psoriasis and the therapeutic results obtained with them, the author emphasizes the outstanding efficacy of a method for the treatment of psoriasis only recent described in the medical literature, which consists of a combination of methoxsalen by mouth and longwave ultraviolet light. In almost all cases treated with this "photochemotherapy" a rapid and complete regression of the extensive psoriasis lesions could, in fact, be observed without being able to detect toxic systemic side effects or secondary alterations of the skin. As a result of a recent trial of his own, the author points out that the results of photochemotherapy of psoriasis can equally well be obtained with "Trisoralen" by mouth and sunlight. PMID- 819809 TI - [The place of citicolin in pulmonological therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Citicolin, a psychodrug, is usually used for the treatment of ischemic cerebropathies. Its introduction into pulmonological therapy is suggested because Citicolin has the following properties: 1. Prevention of "acute respiratory distress syndrome" in neonates. 2. Improvement of chronic respiratory insufficiency. 3. Prevention of postoperative hypoventilation syndrome. 4. Improvment of respiratoy mechanics in syndromes with hyperelasticity of the lungs. 5. Recovery of permeability of the alveolo-capillary barrier for gases. 6. Compensation of the loss of surface-active substances after endobronchial aspiration of intubated patients. PMID- 819810 TI - [Diagnosis of atrial septum defects by M-mode echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - By means of M-Mode echocardiography it is possible to depict the interatrial septum, which is of importance for the diagnosis of certain congenital cardiac defects such as atrial septum defect. The echo of the interatrial septum moves in the shape of a wave, synchronous with the heart beat and shows an amplitude of about 10 mm. A dilatation of the right atrium makes the echo move dorsally, a left atrial dilatation makes the echo move closer to that of the anterior thoracic wall. If the sound beam crosses an atrial septum defect, there is a complete disappearance of echo in the region of the interatrial septum. PMID- 819812 TI - [Editorial: The pros and cons of tonsillectomy]. PMID- 819813 TI - [Editorial: Max von Pettenkofer--the founder of scientific hygiene]. PMID- 819811 TI - [In the memory of Josef Husler]. PMID- 819814 TI - [Hygiene in medical practice (author's transl)]. AB - Ideas and suggestions for hygiene in medical practice ought to be a stimulus for colleagues in active practice in town and country and also for specialists. Within the scope of a reviw, neither rules, standards nor checklists should be given, because self-determination and self-control- with the help of these stimuli too-are preferable to bureaucratic control. Order and cleanliness are part of the picture of a good doctor. The aspects of hygiene in their many branches, not only for defense against infection, ought to contribute in fact and psychologically to the benefit of the patient. PMID- 819815 TI - [Toxoplasma infection and toxoplasmosis. Possibilities and limitations of serological diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Compared with the technically complicated Sabin-Feldman Test (SFT), the indirect immunofluorescene test (IFT), which has now been tested for the dection of toxoplasma-specific antibodies, offers considerably more favorable conditions for routine diagnosis. With the differentiation of IgM and IgG antibodies, the IFT opens up a possibility for the delimitation of acute and chronic clinically irrelevant latent stages of infection in particular, which, in comparision with the information in this regard from the SFT and complement fixation reactions is based on other immunological principles. A definitive differentiation between clincally manifest toxoplasmosis and toxoplasms infections, however, cannot be brought about serologically in this way. PMID- 819816 TI - [Longterm virological studies in chronic diseases of the respiratory tract I (author's transl)]. AB - A longitudinal study on the occurrence of acute viral infection of the respiratory tract in chronic respiratory diseases was carried out from the middle of July 1973 to the middle of July 1975 in a special clinic for respiratory organs. In the present publication, the general plan of the study, aspects of the selection of the "index" patients, the collection andprocessing of the materail for investigation and the documentation of the clinical symptoms of intercurrent infections of the respiratory tract on schematized diagnostic report forms are described. PMID- 819818 TI - [The hygienic aspect of the problems of noise (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from the physical, physiological and psychological elements of noise, the question of significance to health is raised. In addition to the aural, the extra-aural effects of sound and the autonomic reactions under emotionally neutral and under abnormal psycho-emotional neutral and umotionally neutral and under abnormal psycho-emotional conditions are discussed. The questions of benefit or of the obscuring of risks by, becoming accustomed to noise are discussed and measures described which lead to reduction of the intensity of sound at the source, on the propagation pathway and for the recipient. PMID- 819817 TI - [The importance of mycoplasma in infectious processes (author's transl)]. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for primary atypical pneumonia, has appeared more frequently in recent years. While T-mycoplasma and Mycoplasma hominis are found in greater numbers both in nonspecific urethritis and also in the genital flora, T-mycoplasma may also cause the formation of vesical calculi in animal experiments. Mycoplasma can also be cultured from joint fluids, tumors and from blood samples from parturient women immediately after the birth. PMID- 819819 TI - [Influence of formula diets on the intestinal flora]. PMID- 819820 TI - [Enterotoxin-producing Coli bacteria in the stool of children. Diagnosis with a cell culture method]. PMID- 819822 TI - [Hermann Eyer 70 years]. PMID- 819821 TI - [Enteritis-Salmonellae as a cause of unusual infection courses]. PMID- 819823 TI - Evaluation and re-evaluation of genetic radiation hazards in man. II. The arm number hypothesis and the induction of reciprocal translocations in man. AB - The arm number hypothesis proposed by Brewen and collagues in 1973 has been examined in the light of information thus far available from mammalian studies. In experiments with peripheral blood lymphocytes (radiation in vitro), a linear relationship between dicentric yield and the effective chromosome arm number of the species was obtained in the mouse, Chinese hamster, goat, sheep, pig, wallaby and man. However, the data are not consistent with such a relationship in several primate species (marmoset, rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, squirrel monkey and the slow loris), the cat and the dog. In the rabbit, the data are conflicting. In the mouse and Chinese hamster the frequencies of reciprocal translocations recorded in spermatocytes descended from irradiated spermatogonia are in line with the expectation based on the arm number hypothesis, whereas in the golden hamster, rabbit and the rhesus monkey they are not. In man and the marmoset, the limited data are not inconsistent with a 2-fold higher sensitivity of these species relative to the mouse although they do not rule out a difference as high as 4-fold. In the guinea-pig, the situation is unclear. New data on the transmission of reciprocal translocations in mice suggest that the frequency in the F1 progeny may be close to one-quarter of that recorded in the spermatocytes of the irradiated fathers (spermatogonial irradiation) at an exposure level of 150 R, whereas at higher exposures, the reduction factor is about one-eighth, the latter being in line with the earlier finding. All these results taken together suggest that inter-specific extrapolation from the radiosensitivity of somatic cells (to dicentric induction) to that of germ cells (to translocation induction) is fraught with uncertainity at present. Certain aspects that need to be studied in more detail in the context of induced chromosome aberrations are discussed. PMID- 819824 TI - System for the evaluation of the risk from chemical mutagens for man: basic principles and practical recommendations. AB - A testing system is recommended that permits (1) reduction in cost and time requirements, (2) analysis of gene and chromosome mutations in germ and somatic cells, (3) evaluation of mutagenic effects of a chemical substance and its metabolites, (4) guarantee of the minimal variability between separate experiments and (5) evaluation of the dose--effect relationship. The testing scheme has two parts, a screening system and a complete test system. The screening system consists of two tests: (a) test on microorganisms with a metabolic activation in vitro (or test on Drosophila) and (b) cytogenetic analysis of mammalian bone marrow. The complete test system includes 4 tests: (a) test on microorganisms with a metabolic activation in vitro and in vivo (or test on Drosophila), (b) dominant-lethal test on mammals, (c) cytogenetic analysis of mammalian bone marrow and (d) cytogenetic analysis of the culture of human lymphocytes. The decision whether the selected chemical substance is to be tested according to the screening or complete test system is based on: its occurrence in the population, its economic (or medical) significance, and on information concerning its mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic effects. The group of chemicals to be tested according to the screening system involves: industrial chemicals, organophosphate insecticides, drugs used by a limited group of patients. The group of chemicals to be tested according to the complete test system consists of pesticides, food additives, drugs in general use as well as chemicals of the former group, if at least one of the screening system tests detected some genetic effect. Genetic risk estimation should be governed by the following considerations. A positive effect identified in any test of the testing system must have a direct bearing on man. Quantitative evaluation of mutagenic risk from a chemical substance can be determined by the increased level of spontaneous mutations in the most sensitive test on the basis of an average dose of, and exposure to, the given chemical substance in the human population. Chemicals showing a mutagenic activity in any of recommended tests are subject to the quantitative evaluation, they are usually widespread and because of their social or economic value they cannot be replaced or excluded. Genetic aspects require that any substance with a mutagenic activity be considered dangerous and its use should be prohibited or it should be replaced by another non-mutagenic chemical, or at least the contact with it should be limited to persons of non reproductive age. From the hygienic aspect it is recommended, as a temporary measure, to evaluate a chemical mutagen and to prohibit or limit its use if its average population dose produces a 0.1% or greater increase in the spontaneous level of mutations. PMID- 819825 TI - Absence of mutagenic effects of morphine in Drosophila. AB - Morphine hydrochloride was tested for its ability to induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, II--III translocations or dominant lethal mutations, in Drosophila melanogaster. The results provide no evidence for the induction of any of these types of genetic damage in this system PMID- 819827 TI - Letter: Some like CAT fever. PMID- 819826 TI - Linkage groups in Aspergillus flavus. PMID- 819828 TI - Letter: patients' hospital costs for physicians' records. PMID- 819829 TI - Clinical semi-starvation: depression of hypoxic ventilatory response. AB - A decreased metabolic rate has been associated with decreased ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and also with starvation. We fed a 500 calorie carbohydrate diet with supplemental electrolytes, designed to simulate alimentation by usual intravenous fluids, to seven normal subjects for 10 days to determine the effect of semi-starvation on metabolic rate and ventilatory responses. By the 10th day metabolic rate was significantly decreased, and hypoxic ventilatory response decreased to 42% of control (P less than 0.05). In two subjects, hypoxic ventilatory response was virtually abolished at day 10. These changes reversed toward normal with refeeding. The decrease in hypoxic ventilatory response response was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to the decrease in metabolic rate. Hypercapnic ventilatory response, measured as the slope of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, decreased slightly but not significantly. The decrease in hypoxic ventilatory response seen during semi starvation may contribute to the hypoxemia and respiratory failure subsequent to caloric restriction. PMID- 819831 TI - Letter: Melanoma after exposure to PCB's. PMID- 819830 TI - The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (first of two parts). PMID- 819832 TI - A comparison of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) has been evaluated for routine diagnostic work, using antigens prepared from 2 different isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, at 2 different concentrations. Additional antigens prepared in a variety of ways and 2 commercially available antigens (Bencard, London; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) have been compared with the routine antigens. It has been shown that the use of the routine antigens will detect the majority of positive reactions. At optimal reacting concentrations antibodies were detected in 75% of asthmatic patients. In sera from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic aspergillosis, CIE will detect twice as many positive reactions as a conventional agar gel diffusion test. PMID- 819833 TI - Serological diagnosis of petriellidosis (allescheriosis). I. Isolation and characterization of soluble antigens from Allescheria boydu and Monosporium apiospermum. AB - Soluble antigens in culture filtrates of three strains of Petriellidium boydii and three strains of Monosporium apiospermum were examined. Antigens were separated from concentrated crude filtrates by anion-exchange chromatography. A single major peak (Antigen 1), constituting a significant proportion of the total recoverable carbohydrate, was the only product isolated from each of four chromatographed filtrates. Depending on the fungus strain, Antigen 1 consisted of 90--96% carbohydrate, 3-4% protein, and 2-4% nucleic acid. Antigen 1 was found to consist of a population of molecules with a heterogeneous molecular size when assayed by gel filtration chromatography; however, isolated fractions of Antigen 1 proved to be immunologically identical when examined by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. In addition, Antigen 1 from each strain was immunologically identical to similar preparations of Antigen 1 from the other five fungus strains. Chromatography of culture filtrates from two strains of M. apiospermum revealed a second peak (Antigen 2), which was found to consist of 70% carbohydrate, 16% protein, and 4% nucleic acid. Although Antigen 2 contained four times as much protein as Antigen 1, the two preparations were immunologically identical by immunodiffusion tests. Ion-exchange chromatography proved to be a useful procedure for isolating antigens of P. boydii and M. apiospermum from culture filtrates. PMID- 819834 TI - [Health status of workers in 2 plants manufacturing explosives]. PMID- 819835 TI - Prenatal genesis of connections subserving ocular dominance in the rhesus monkey. AB - In foetal monkey brain neuronal projections carrying input from the two eyes initially overlap; they segregate during the second half of gestation and become fully separated in subcortical visual centres and partially separated in the cortex three weeks before birth and thus before visual experience. PMID- 819836 TI - Kinetics of triplet-triplet energy transfer and intramolecular distances in enzyme-inhibitor complexes. PMID- 819837 TI - New hominid fossils from the Koobi Fora formation in northern Kenya. PMID- 819838 TI - Visual attention in split-brain monkeys. PMID- 819839 TI - Immunological identity of urokinase and ovarian carcinoma plasminogen activator released in tissue culture. PMID- 819840 TI - Morphology of the GB hepatitis agent. PMID- 819841 TI - Partial sequences of 16S rRNA and the phylogeny of blue-green algae and chloroplasts. PMID- 819842 TI - Increased lead ingestion in calcium-deficient monkeys. PMID- 819844 TI - Repeated sequence specific to human males. AB - Restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid hybridisation show that there is a repeated sequence in human male DNA which is not present in human female DNA. This sequence is shown to constitute about 50% of the DNA in the Y chromosome and is a simple tandemly repeated DNA. PMID- 819843 TI - Prepupal larval mosaics in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 819845 TI - Inheritance of susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 819846 TI - Effect of potassium dioxalatoberyllate, K2[Be(C2O4)2], on the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 819847 TI - Spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus: pheromone production and field response to synthetic pheromones. PMID- 819848 TI - Capsule shedding in tetrahymena. PMID- 819849 TI - [Quantitative structure comparison of protein surfaces by micro-complement fixation]. AB - Microcomplement fication (MCF) is a rapid and most sensitive method for the quantitation of slight modifications on protein surfaces not accessible by other immunologic means. Single amino acid substitutions (0.7 percent sequence differences) are readily detected. A firm relationship between sequence information and immunologic distance as measured by MCF could be established. The rate of molecular evolution of homology proteins can be derived from MCF measurements without prior knowledge of primary structures. PMID- 819850 TI - Reversible Inhibition of Potassium Contractures by optical isomers of verapamil and D 600 on slow muscle fibres of the frog. AB - Potassium-induced contractures were measured isometrically in slow fibres of gastrocnemius muscle from the frog Leptodactylus ocellatus. Optical isomers of verapamil and of D 600 decreased the tension of K-contractures with the following characteristics: 1. 90 min exposures of the muscles to the (-)isomers of the drugs were more effective in decreasing tension of 40 mM KCl-contractures when successive challenges to 40 mM KCl were made each 10-15 min than without challenges during the incubation time. 2. In contrast to the depressing effect of (-)isomers of verapamil and D 600, the decrease of K-contractures by 1 mM EGTA in "Ca-free" solutions was independent on the history of 40 mM KCl-contractures. 3. The threshold concentration of K to cause contractures was the lower the lower the Ca-concentration. This relationship was little affected by (-)verapamil at concentrations of the drug which depressed by 50% the tension of 40 mM KCl contractures in 1.8 mM CaCl2. 4. Verapamil and its methoxy-derivative D 600 were equipotent in depressing 40 mM KCl-contractures. Their optical (-)isomers were 4 to 5 times more potent than their corresponding (+)isomers. 5. K-tension curves in the presence of 6.1 muM (-)verapamil in 1.8 mM CaCl2 were similar to curves in 0.18 mM CaCl2 without the drug. 6. K-tension curves in 10 mM CaCl2 were shifted by (-)verapamil in nearly parallel manner towards higher K-concentrations. 7. The stereoselective decrease of K-contractures by verapamil and D 600 may be due to blockade of inward Ca-flux and to retardation of the reavailability of Ca2+ for release during partial depolarizations with K. PMID- 819851 TI - Investigation of the inhibitory activity of some mycobacterial strains on growth of the intratracheally transplanted Deals' sarcoma in guinea pigs. AB - In this paper the authors describe and analyse results that they obtained by infection of the guinea pig organism carried out by subcutaneous or intratracheal application with five mycobacterial strains, namely Myco bovis BCG-Praha, Myco the H37Ra, Myco Kansasii, Myco fortuitum and Myco smegmatis. At predetermined time intervals following subcutaneously or intratracheally performed infection (on 7th, 16th, 28th and 56th day after infection) transplantation of a Deals' guinea pig sarcoma cell suspension was carried out in guinea pigs by the intraltracheal route. As it appears from the results gained the applied mycobacteria exhibit a partial inhibition of growth od Deals' guinea pig sarcoma cells of different character. From among the utilized strains the Myco bovis BCP Praha and the Myco tbc H37Ra exhibited the highest, Myco fortuitum and Myco smegmatis the lowest inhibitory activity. Intratracheally performed infections yielded in general better results on the growth inhibition than infections carried out with the same strain but by the subcutaneous route. Furthermore, in the experiments reported on in the present paper the authors could verify their earlier experience, namely that inhibition of growth of sarcoma cells is most pronounced at the time of maximal biological activity (logarithmic phase of multiplication) of the applied mycobacterium. PMID- 819853 TI - [On the recognition of epilepsia partialis continua (Kozhevnikov)]. PMID- 819852 TI - On the genesis of granulosa-cell ovarian tumors. Experimental data. AB - The ovaries and ovarian tumors induced in albino virgin mice of lines A and CC-57 by intravaginal treatment with different blastomogenic substances, such as polyurethan; 7,12-dimethylbenz-(alpha)anthracene; 8-hydroxyquinoline and synestrol, were studied histologically. 330 cases were under study, including 78 as control. The granulosa elements of ovarian follicles were found to be involved in the processes of epithelial transformation and tumorogenesis. Pretumor changes are reported to be under study in 56 cases, granulosa-cell tumors or proliferates morphologically identical to them -- in 26 cases. The data presented show close relations of the peculiarities of differentiation as well as proliferative processes in the epithelium of the women genitals and the ovarian granulosa tissue. PMID- 819855 TI - Some variables in auditory pattern discrimination learning. PMID- 819854 TI - [Spontaneous rhinorrhea of unusual etiology]. AB - Authors report on the case of one patient exhibiting, since three months, a spontaneous thinorrhea and directed to them with the diagnosis of pituitary tumor. The neuro-roentgenologic inquiry discovers a ventricular dilatation and an evagination of the III rd. ventricle into the pituitary fossa ; it also puts in evidence a tumor of the posterior cerebral fossa. We are dealing here with a meningioma of the posterior aspect of temporal pyramid (petrosal bone). If tumoral hydrocephalus is common, its complication with a spontaneous rhinorrhea is, on the contrary, exceptional. We are therefore obliged to consider the pre existing in this female patient of a deficiency of the pituitary diaphragm that has favoured the intra-sellar diverticle of the III rd ventricle, in the same manner as it makes possible, in other circumstances the arachnoidocele in the syndrome of empty pituitary fossa. Exeresis of the tumor, by suppressing the intracranial hypertension, stopped the rhinorrhea and has considerably improved the visual signs. PMID- 819856 TI - Auditory and visual discrimination following lesions of the anterior supratemporal plane in monkeys. PMID- 819857 TI - Some tests of intermodality transfer of intensity in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 819858 TI - Adjusting the amount of overtraining to the difficulty of discrimination learning. PMID- 819859 TI - Relationships between intelligence and electroencephalographic epileptiform activity in adult epileptics. AB - Intellectual correlates of electroencephalographic epileptiform activity were examined by administering the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to epileptic patients divided into groups on the basis of presence or absence, average rate, and topographic distribution of discharges. The results showed that lower intelligence levels were associated with the presence of discharges, especially when they were generalized rather than focal and when they occurred at an average rate of more than one per minute. An examination of patients having discharges ipsilateral and contralateral to their handedness showed few findings, as did an analysis based on an assessment of strengths and weaknesses within individuals. The results suggest that electroencephalographic epileptiform activity is significantly related to the intellectual functioning of epileptics. PMID- 819860 TI - Clinical and electroencephalographic correlation of independent multifocal spike discharges. AB - One hundred and eight patients with independent, multifocal, spike discharges in the EEG were studied. The abnormality occurred at all ages but was more frequent between 4 and 7 years. The basic EEG activity in wake tracing was invariably slow for the age of the patient. The majority of the patients with independent multifocal spike discharges had extensive bilateral cerebral lesions that occurred in the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal periods. Clinical seizures were of different types, and patients had varying degrees of intellectural and neurologic deficits. A significant number had had previous tracings with either hypsarrhythmic or slow spike-wave patterns, suggesting a close relationship of these three EEG abnormalities. PMID- 819861 TI - Surgical lesions misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis: indications for contrast study. PMID- 819862 TI - Acceptability and antigenicity of adjuvant soluble sub-unit adenovirus vaccines in navy recruits. PMID- 819863 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 819865 TI - Centralized outpatient appointement systems: delivering ambulatory care more efficiently in multi-specialty clincs. PMID- 819867 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation kits: a simplified approach. PMID- 819866 TI - Systolic time intervals in normal pregnant women. PMID- 819864 TI - Local radiotherapy and the peripheral white blood cell count: review of 203 treatment records. PMID- 819868 TI - Personal liability of the individual military physician--past, present and future. PMID- 819870 TI - Manual cumulative reports interfaced with computer-generated measurement results on gummed labels. PMID- 819869 TI - Navy neurosurgery--Vietnam. PMID- 819871 TI - Analysis of patient load in a military outpatient clinic. PMID- 819872 TI - Exomphalos-macroglossia-gigantism, or EMG syndrome (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome). PMID- 819873 TI - Osteomyelitis and pregnancy: case report. PMID- 819874 TI - Sicklemia and unexpected death in sickle cell trait: observations of five cases. PMID- 819875 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis simulating periampullary carcinoma: Case report. PMID- 819876 TI - Suicidal carbon dioxide asphyxiation: Case report. PMID- 819877 TI - Editorial: The orthopaedic operating room nurse clinician. PMID- 819878 TI - [Gastrin. Current views and personal contributions]. PMID- 819879 TI - [Hydra with seven heads: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis or better meningococcal infection. Neisseria meningitis, Prevot 1933]. AB - A brief survey is presented of meningococcal meningitis, its history, its chemotherapy, the appearance of resistant bacterial strains, and its vaccine therapy. The epidemiology of the disease in various European and other countries is also described. PMID- 819880 TI - [Program for the prevention of fetal erythroblastosis]. PMID- 819881 TI - Neurofibromatous pseudogynecomastia associated with prepubertal idiopathic gynecomastia. PMID- 819882 TI - Pattern and duration of ovum transport in the baboon (Papio anubis). AB - The normal pattern and duration of ovum transport was determined in a group of unmated, spontaneously ovulating baboons (Papio anubis) in which the time of ovulation had been determined directly using serial laparoscopy or indirectly using periovulatory estrogen values, perineal sex skin changes, and corpus luteum histology. At laparotomy, the reproductive tract was segmentally flushed at 24, 48, or 72 hours after ovulation and the position of the ova within the tract ascertained. Ova were consistently recovered from the ampulla 24 hours after ovulation, from both the ampulla and isthmus at 48 hours, and from the uterus 72 hours after ovulation. These results suggest that the baboon constitutes a potentially valuable animal model for the investigation and preclinical evaluation of contraceptive technics affecting tubal function. PMID- 819883 TI - The addition of mammography to breast carcinoma screening in a general gynecology practice. One year's experience. AB - Obstetrician-gynecologists must be in the vanguard of the effort to reduce the death rate from breast carcinoma for it is they who regularly examine a large number of American women. Routine mammography was incorporated into a general gynecologic practice and was recommended for all women over 30. Of 750 women clinically examined, 524 had mammography, and there were 8 carcinomas detected in this group. Six of these were detected by mammography, 5 by mammography alone. Four of these 5 were in situ lesions. In 2 cases the clinical examination was suspicious and the mammography negative. Only 2 of the 8 patients with cancer fell into the commonly cited "high-risk" groups. Based on this experience, suggestions are made for incorporation of mammography into the routine gynecologic examination. PMID- 819885 TI - Biologic tests of a proposed pulp capping agent (Reocap). AB - A calcium hydroxide-containing cement (Reocap) was tested with regard to its suitability as a pulp capping agent. The pulp of 34 monkey teeth was exposed and Reocap was applied to the pulp wound and the cavity floor, after which the cavities were filled with amalgam. The observation periods were 8 days (10 teeth) and 80 days (24 teeth). After 8 days a necrotic area was seen in the pulp subjacent to the pulp capping agent and the surrounding tissue was inflamed to varying degree. After 80 days hard tissue formation was observed at the exposure site in 21 teeth. The hard tissue enclosed areas of necrotic and/or vital tissue and a complete bridge had not formed. In 7 teeth the pulp was necrotic whereas 3 teeth presented a pulp free of inflammation. In the remaining teeth the pulp showed a chronic inflammatory reaction. As judged by these results, Reocap does not appear to be as well suited as a pulp capping agent as pure calcium hydroxide. PMID- 819884 TI - Pelvic tuberculosis. AB - Pelvic tuberculosis (TBC) was diagnosed in 20 patients studied during the years 1971 to 1975. Fourteen patients were born outside the United States. The most frequent presenting complaints were infertility (14 patients), pelvic pain (6), and amenorrhea (4). Only 5 patients gave a history of previous treatment for TBC. Results of pelvic examination were normal in 11 patients; results of chest X-rays were normal in 15. Sixteen patients had endometrial biopsies, 10 of which showed granulomatous endometritis. Fifteen patients had hysterosalpingograms, all of which yielded abnormal results, and 14 were indicative of TBC. Cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 6 of 16 patients. Genital TBC should be considered as a possible cause of infertility, especially in foreign-born patients. Although a conclusive diagnosis can be made only from a positive culture or histologic specimen, hysterosalpingography is a very useful aid in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 819886 TI - [Intramuscular insulin therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 819887 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of the nervus facialis in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 819888 TI - A review of experimental research in spinal cord injury. PMID- 819889 TI - [Action of EDTA on lipids in human compact bone (author's transl)]. AB - Contrary to the opinion generally expressed, decalcification of compact bone by EDTA does not allow a valid extraction of bone lipids due to the fact that they pass partly into the aqueous solution of EDTA, from which they are not entirely recoverable. Moreover, the loss of lipids is much more important when treatment with EDTA is applied directly to the bone powder, that is to say before a preliminary extraction by organic solvents. The percentages of loss in the EDTA solutions change according to the nature of the lipids and also according to the age of subjects. The so-called "liberation " of the bone lipids by EDTA could depend upon a mechanism entirely independent from the calcium chelation, perhaps through simple denaturation of the lipoproteins. PMID- 819890 TI - Tumour growth and melanogenesis in hamster tumours in vivo and in vitro: growth, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of tissue cultural cell lines. AB - Cell lines were established from three hamster melanomas. One was a spontaneous melanotic tumour which lost its ability to produce pigment. Two were induced with DMBA (9.10 dimethyl 1,2-benz/a/anthracene). One of these was pigmented. The two amelanotic lines (CHT-1 and 2) produced highly malignant amelanotic tumours after reimplantation of tissue culture cells. Electron microscopy showed that melanin forming organelles were absent. Tyrosinase activity was also absent. The line established from the pigmented tumour (CHT-8) retained its pigment production for the first seven transfers. Cells from these cultures produced slow growing pigmented tumours. Cells from the 7th to the 35th transfer, a period of 28 weeks, failed to produce tumours but cells from the 36th and subsequent transfers produced slow growing amelanotic tumours. The change in tumorigenicity was not related to changes in the growth rate of the cells in vitro: this remained constant after the 11th transfer generation. Tyrosinase activity and a whole range of melanin forming organelles were present in cells of transfers 1 to 7 but absent from subsequent transfers. Type A and H virus particles were present in the two amelanotic cell lines, CHT-1 and 2. Although the two amelanotic lines produced highly malignant tumours the loss of a differentiated character--melanin production--was not invariably associated with increased malignancy. Three cell lines should provide a good system for studying the relationship between tumour differentiation and growth. PMID- 819891 TI - [Proceedings: Preliminary study of chloramphenicol resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains]. PMID- 819892 TI - [New methods for demonstration of antigens and antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - With the improvement of diagnostic procedure for the demonstration of antigens and antibodies it has been possible to increase the sensitivity and the specificity of antigen/antibody reactions, to introduce microtechniques and to apply a certain degree of automation and standardization, to allow a better interpretation of the results, and to cope with the ever increasing load of serological reactions. PMID- 819893 TI - Vascular neurofibromatosis. PMID- 819894 TI - Operant conditioning of large magnitude, 12-hour duration, heart rate elevations in the baboon. AB - Two baboons were prepared with arterial and venous catheters and their heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously thereafter. Following a 2 to 3 week interval during which baseline cardiovascular levels were determined, the animals were exposed to daily 12 hr conditioning sessions (alternating with 12-hr "rest" or "Conditioning Off" sessions) during which fool reward and shock avoidance were programmed as contingent consequences of pre-specified increases in heart rate. Initially, the criterion heart rate was set at 10-15 bpm above the animal's pre-experimental resting baseline level, with progressive increases programmed to occur at a rate approximating 7 bpm per week over a period of 8-10 weeks. Within this 2-3 month interval, heart rate doubled, reaching levels maintained above 160 bpm for more than 95% of each daily 12-hour "Conditioning On" period. Propranolol selectively eliminated the conditioned heart rate increase but not the blood pressure elevation, indicating the contribution of sympathetic nervous activity to these operantly conditioned cardiovascular changes. PMID- 819895 TI - The "response" in behavior theory. AB - The term "response" is a basic one in behavior theory, particularly reflex theory, but its definition is not clear. The origin of the term in the common vocabulary has affected its later extensions in the analysis of behavior. Some contemporary theorists accept the existence of two "types" of response, coordinating one with the Pavlovian conditioning procedure, the other with the operant conditioning procedure of the so-called "contingent" variety. Reservations are expressed here about such distinctions between response classes and conditioning paradigms, emphasizing the difficulties that arise from certain conventions and inadequacies in current definitions and conceptions of "response". The critical nature of the problem for behavior theory is illustrated once again by the recent laboratory finding that a familiar and accepted conditional reflex, that of the "conditioned cardiac CR," can be fractionated into "parts" and is therefore perhaps no longer to be treated as a single unitary "response". PMID- 819896 TI - [Detection of Australia SH antigen and its antibodies in children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 819897 TI - Methionine adenosyltransferase and transmethylation in fetal and neonatal lung of the human, monkey, and rabbit. AB - Optimal conditions for the assay of methionine adenosyltransferase in crude extracts of human fetal lung were determined. Maximal activity was obtained with 36 mM ATP, 20 mM L-methionine, 240 mM Mg++, and 160 mM K+. The pH optimum was 6.2 -6.4, which is the same as that for adult human lung but lower than that for human liver. In human fetal lung, there was an increase in specific activity of methionine adenosyltransferase with increasing gestational age (r = 0.87; P less than 0.01) up to 25 weels of gestation, after which time no fetal specimens were obtained. The specific activity of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase of human fetal lung was 2.51 +/- 0.88 nmol/mg protein/hr, which was higher (P less than 0.001) than the activity found in newborn lung (0.14 +/- 0.01). Activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase was absent from human fetal lung. Activity of cystathionine synthase was absent from fetal, neonatal, and mature human lung. Activity of cystathionase in fetal and newborn human lung was present only in trace amounts. In rhesus monkey lung, beginning 15 days before term, the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase increased 6-fold to reach a maximum before term (165 days), and during the first weeks of life the activity gradually diminished. 5 Methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase activity in fetal (100--145 days) monkey lung was higher (6.57 +/- 0.95 nmol/mg protein/hr) than in newborn lungs (1.91 +/- 0.97) (P less than 0.001). In fetal rabbit lung, the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase decreased 2.5-fold during the last third of pregnancy, whereas a 2-fold increase occurred during the first 48 hr after term birth. PMID- 819898 TI - Bile pigments in humans and in nonhuman primates during the perinatal period: composition of meconium and gallbladder bile of newborns and adults. AB - Meconium of human infants and rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta) contained only about 0.10 of the amount of bilirubin in gallbladder bile of the same individuals. Ninety-nine percent of the bilirubin in adult bile was conjugated. The proportion of conjugated bilirubin in infant bile and meconium was only slightly lower. Adult bile contained more bilirubin disconjugates than monoconjugates, whereas only 20% of the bilirubin in infant bile and meconium was in the form if disconjugates. The predominant azopigment in adult bile was azopigment delta (a glucuronide). Infant bile contained less azopigment delta, more azopigment alpha (azodipyrrole), and a so far unidentified conjugated azopigment (azopigment beta). Azopigment beta was also found in meconium but adult gallbladder bile contained only trace amounts of this pigment. PMID- 819899 TI - Ultrastructural studies in fetal I-cell disease. AB - The skin, brain, lung, liver, and kidney from a 20-week-old fetus who was diagnosed as having fetal I-cell disease by amniocentesis at 14 weeks of gestation were examined by light and electron microscopy. In addition, cultured fibroblasts from the skin were also observed microscopically. Cytoplasmic inclusions with dense polymorphic contents appeared commonly in the capillary endothelial cells in the skin, lung, glomerulus of the kidney, and the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of the kidney, and sometimes in the hepatocytes of the liver and the nerve and glial cells of the brain. Erythropoietic cells in the liver and circulating erythrocytes contained dense inclusions varying in developmental stages. Fibroblasts of the skin had several clear vacuoles, and cultured fibroblasts were filled with dense inclusions. The dense cytoplasmic inclusions in fetal I-cell disease were light and electron microscopically similar to the residual bodies which are commonly observed in the phagocytic cells. PMID- 819900 TI - Ophthalmia neonatorum: a chart review. AB - Cases of ophthalmia neonatorum diagnosed at Grady Memorial Hospital 1967-1973 were reviewed. Of 302 cases 43 could be diagnosed as gonococcal, 86 chlamydial, 3 gonococcal and chlamydial, 31 staphylococcal, and 5 chemical. Silver nitrate prophylaxis was routinely employed. Gonococcal cases peaked during the third quarter of the year and chlamydial during the fourth quarter. Gonococcal cases were associated with a longer duration of ruptured fetal membranes. Definitive etiologic diagnosis could not be estalished on clinical grounds alone. Chlamydial ophthalmia was more common among black babies but other forms of ophthalmia were equally distributed with respect to race. The risk of gonococcal ophthalmia developing in an infant born to an infected mother was less than 2% if Crede prophylaxis is used. Therapy with topically applied sulfonamides was effective against chlamydial ophthalmia. Therapy with parenterally administered penicillin and topically applied antibiotics was effective against gonococcal ophthalmia. PMID- 819901 TI - Letter: Intravenous scalp needle for use in premature infants. PMID- 819902 TI - Letter: Committee's recommendations challenged! PMID- 819903 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa III. Identification of strains isolated from blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) in a Danish fur farm (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of determining bacterial strains as Ps. aeruginosa is described. It was attempted to base this technique upon well-defined commercial preparations, so as to afford a possibility for comparative studies. 261 strains presumed to be Ps. aeruginosa were isolated from sick and healthy blue foxes and their watering troughs. 244 of the strains could be subjected to detailed bacteriological study (Table I a, b, c, fig. 1) in addition to the demonstration of pigment (pyocyanin and fluorescin). All 244 proved to be Ps. aeruginosa. Among them 10 non-pigment producing strains were characterized as "atypical" Ps. aeruginosa strains. The determination of the genus was supported by the results of the sensitivity tests (Table II). PMID- 819904 TI - [A microbiological investigation of the effectiveness of Micro Megas E-spray]. AB - The disinfecting effect of Micro Megas E-spray was tested using a microbiological technique which also included a practical test. Contra-angels and straight handpieces which were sprayed after being used for treatment on patients, and then dried and incubated in a liquid medium, showed a marked growth of microorganisms. The spray had a weak and barely significant growth inhibiting effect on contaminated, simulated instrument surfaces. using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test bacteria. It is concluded that the spray is not suitable for distinfection of contra-angels and straight handpieces. PMID- 819905 TI - [Letter: Lactic acidosis during renal insufficiency in two diabetic patients treated with metformin]. PMID- 819907 TI - [Letter: Prevention of feto-maternal Rhesus incompatibility]. PMID- 819906 TI - [Letter: Association of sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis and monoclonal immunoglobulin]. PMID- 819908 TI - Facts of life. PMID- 819909 TI - Health advisory service. PMID- 819910 TI - Transplantation of islets of Langerhans in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 819911 TI - Artificial cardiac pacing. 1. Indications. AB - With increasing use of artificial cardiac pacing, criteria for selection of patients have been refined. In general, the most important indication for pacing is the presence and severity of symptoms due to bradyarrhythmias. Use of pacing in acute myocardial infarction remains controversial, but some guidelines are presented here. PMID- 819912 TI - The influence of intestinal (ceca) flora on serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. AB - Normal and cecectomized laying hens were used to study the influence of intestinal (ceca) flora and the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophylus on the levels of serum and egg yolk cholesterol. The ceca had been surgically removed when the experimental birds were 16 months of age. Serum cholesterol levels of cecectomized laying hens were higher than that of normal birds; the Lactobacillus acidophylus implantation resulted in a significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels in both normal and cecectomized birds. The normal intestinal (ceca) flora and Lactobacillus acidophylus implantation did not influence fat digestibility. Egg yolk cholesterol levels were higher for cecectomized birds. A constant relationship between serum and egg yolk cholesterol was not observed. PMID- 819913 TI - Survey of leucocytozoon in in South Carolina. AB - An extensive survey of birds for Leucocytozoon in South Carolina during the summer of 1972 revealed that Blue Jays, Purple Grackles and domestic chickens were commonly infected. No alternate hosts were found for Leucocytozoon smithi of turkeys. PMID- 819914 TI - Ingested polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1242 and growth, calcium and zinic absorption, and intestinal ultrastructure in chicks. AB - Decreased growth, edema, labored breathing, internal hemorrhaging, and high mortality were seen in chicks fed 48 or 197 p.p.m. Aroclor 1242 for 7 weeks. Calcium absorption was increased when birds were fed 197 p.p.m. PCB while zinic absorption was increased in birds fed both levels of PCB. Duodenal mucosal cell respiration rates were unaffected by either PCB treatment. Upon ultrastructural examination, mitochondrial alterations, lipid accumulations in the lamina propriae, edema, and swollen endoplasmic reticula were found in duodenal mucosal cells. Necrotic areas were found in the kidney proximal tubule region of PCB fed birds. PMID- 819915 TI - An abnormal requirement for iron in dystrophic chickens. AB - Dystrophic chickens which were fed 1% or 1.5% Na2 EDTA developed white feathers and showed lower hematocrit and hemoglobin values than normal New Hampshire chickens. These abnormalities may be corrected by adding dietary iron, indicating that chickens with hereditary m uscular dystrophy have a higher dietary requirement for iron than normal chickens. No differences were found in the utilization of 59Fe. PMID- 819916 TI - Effects of feeding polychlorinated biphenyls to broiler cockerels in three dietary regimes. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242 and 1254) were fed at 20 p.p.m. to hybrid broiler cockerels between one and nine weeks of age in three dietary variations. The Aroclors did not affect growth or feed efficiency and no consistent histopathological lesions could be attributed to them. There was a low incidence of hydropericardium in birds receiving Aroclor 1254. Fatty liver was observed in some birds receiving Aroclor 1242 and a single bird receiving this PCB exhibited liver necrosis. Moderate increases in liver weight and mild decreases in the relative weight of the spleen were attributable to PCB. PMID- 819917 TI - Periodicity of Leucocytozoon smithi gametocytes in the peripheral blood of domestic turkeys. AB - Gametocytes of Leucocytozoon smithi exhibited a cyclic activity both in cardiac and peripheral blood of domestic turkeys during a given 24-hr. period. Peak parasitemias occurred from 0800 to 2000 hr., and mean low parasitemias from 2200 to 0400. The most prominent feeding period of the vector Simulium slossonae coincided with the period of elevated parasitemia in the turkey host. PMID- 819918 TI - A study of the feasibility of the use of gentian violet as a fungistat for poultry feed. AB - A 96% formulation of gentian violet was fungistatic to Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillum citrinum when incorporated into corn meal agar at 6.5, 39.0, and 156.0 p.p.m. A. flavus, Alternaria sp., F. roseeum, and P. citrinum were inhibited on corn meal agar which had been amended with 12.8, 26.6, and 38.4 p.p.m. of gentian violet in a 2.54% commercial liquid concentrate of gentian violet employed as the active ingredient in a commercial poultry feed additive. Sporulation of these fungi was not inhibited by either of the formulations of gentian violet at any concentration. An anhydrous gentian violet poultry feed additive (containing 2.05% gentian violet) significantly reduced the numbers of A. flavus and F. moniliforme propagules recovered from artificially contaminated feed samples treated with 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 g./1000 kg. of the additive (20, 40, and 80 p.p.m. of gentian violet, respectively) and stored for 12 weeks at 8.5% moisture and compared with the numbers of propagules recovered from contaminated-unamended samples. The numbers of propagules of F. moniliforme and C. albicans recovered from the pre-mix amended samples held for 12 weeks at 19% moisture also were fewer (significantly fewer for F. moniliforme) than those recovered from the contaminated, unamended feed. Amending the A. flavus or F. moniliforme contaminated feed samples did not reduce the numbers of propagules recovered below the numbers present in the original feed samples. GV was fungistatic to the test fungi under the conditions in these studies, since it inhibited, but did not prevent development of the test fungi. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the fungi isolated in greatest numbers from the original sample. PMID- 819919 TI - The effect of diet on the toxicity of vanadium. AB - Five experiments were conducted with growing chicks to determine the effectiveness of various materials in modifying the toxicity of vanadium. The toxicity of vanadium (as it is measured by growth depression and mortality) was much greater when vanadium was added to a semipurified diet than when it was added to a practical diet containing natural ingredients. When EDTA was added to diets containing 50 to 200 p.p.m. vanadium, the growth depression was reduced from 22.1% and 75.9% to 8.4% and 36.7% respectively, and the mortality was reduced from 80% to 20% among chicks fed 200 p.p.m. vanadium. The addition of 10% lactose to a diet containing 100 p.p.m. vanadium increased the growth depression from 41% to 76.2% and caused 80% mortality. Chromium added to diets containing 100 and 200 p.p.m. vanadium improved the growth and reduced the mortality. PMID- 819920 TI - [Urgent problems of prevention and treatment of blood transfusion complications]. PMID- 819921 TI - [Obtaining of immunoglobulin G-HbAb labeled with I125 and its use for isolation of hepatitis B antigen (HbAg) by autoradiographic method]. PMID- 819922 TI - [Use of cellulose ethylenediaminotetraacetate for stabilization of donor blood]. PMID- 819923 TI - [Use of antis-HAAA immunoglobulin labeled with iodine radioisotopes for isolation of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA)]. PMID- 819925 TI - Clinical results of long term peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 819924 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of acridine compounds and furadonine on the delay in the development of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 819926 TI - Thyroid function in chronic renal failure. PMID- 819928 TI - Cyanobacterial DNA-binding protein related to Escherichia coli HU. AB - A DNA-binding protein has been isolated from two cyanobacteria (blue-green algae): Anabaena sp and Aphanocapsa sp. It has a molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of about 10,000, is rich in lysine and arginine, and lacks tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine. The proteins from both strains show immunological identity with a similar DNA-binding protein from Escherichia coli, when tested by immunodiffusion with an antiserum prepared against the E. coli protein. Both the Aphanocapsa and E. coli proteins form compact, rapidly sedimenting complexes with cyanophage or bacteriophage DNA. The similarities between the proteins from cyanobacteria and E. coli suggest a degree of evolutionary conservation comparable to that of the histones of eukaryotes. PMID- 819927 TI - Altered penicillin-binding components in penicillin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Penicillin- (cloxacillin-) resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated in a stepwise fashion and the five penicillin-binding components (PBCs) in each were examined to determine which of the proteins, if any, corresponds to the penicillin killing site. PBCs II and V were previously eliminated as the likely penicillin targett. In the present work, PBC IV showed no change in sensitivity to cloxacillin in any of the resistant mutants isolated. PBC I did not change until the fifth-step mutant, in which it could not be detected by penicillin binding. Since PBC I did not bind penicillins that are lethal for this mutant, it also cannot be the lethal target. PBC II showed increased resistance to cloxacillin in three discrete steps, i.e., in mutants 1, 4, and 5, accompanied by changes in its electrophoretic mobility. However, the sensitivity of PBC II to penicillin G changed very little. Correspondingly, the cloxacillin-resistant mutants were unaltered in their sensitivity to penicillin G in vivo. Thus, of the five PBCs found in B. subtilis, PBC II is the most likely target for killing by penicillins. PMID- 819929 TI - Locations of chromosomal proteins in polytene chromosomes. AB - D1, a nonhistone chromosomal protein rich in both basic and acidic amino acids, has been localized at a limited number of specific loci in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. H2B, a nucleosomal histone, and H1, a nonnucleosomal histone, are both found throughout most chromosomal regions. PMID- 819930 TI - Immunologic evidence that the gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase is not expressed in animals subject to scurvy. AB - L-Gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase (L-gulono-gamma-lactone:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.8) is the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in mammalian liver. The absence of the oxidase activity in primates and guinea pigs is the reason why these animals are subject to scurvy, which must be considered an inborn error of metabolism. Attempts were made to determine if a protein immunologically crossreactive with L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase is present in these animals. Detergent-solubilized microsomal preparations from guinea pig and African green monkey liver did not precipitate the antisera directed to either rat or goat enzyme, nor did any of the other cell fractions obtained from guinea pig liver react with either antiserum. No crossreactive protein was detectable in guinea pig microsomes even with the sensitive procedure or micro-complement fixation. On the other hand, extracts of all 10 other mammalian (4 orders) liver microsomes tested were shown to contain L-gulono-gamma lactone oxidase activity that did crossreact with antibodies to the rat and goat enzymes. One explanation of these findings is that, in the guinea pig, and perhaps in primates too, the structural gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase is not expressed. PMID- 819931 TI - Human and murine phosphorycholine-binding immunoglobulins: conserved subgroup and first hypervariable region of heavy chains. AB - The NH2-terminal 36 residues of the heavy chain and the NH2-terminal 40 residues of the light chain from a human Waldenstrom's IgM with binding activity for phosphorylcholine (phosphocholine) are compared with the published sequences of five mouse IgA myeloma proteins with the same activity. An extensive structural similarity; i.e., 3 amino acid interchanges within framework residues, and one in the hypervariable region, is noted between the heavy chains of both species. The light chains, however, show a considerable diversity and, in contrast to the heavy chain, no correlation between the primary structure of the first hypervariable region and the binding specificity is apparent. The finding of a very similar heavy chain variable region in two different species that are separated by about 75 million years in evolution favors the concept of stable transmission of variable region genes throughout evolution. PMID- 819932 TI - Size differences among immunoglobulin heavy chains from phosphorylcholine-binding proteins. AB - The entire sequences of the heavy chain variable regions of M167 and TEPC 15 (phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma proteins of BALB/c origin) have been determined. These sequences are compared with the phosphorylcholine-binding protein M603. T15 differs from M603 at four positions, all of which are located in antigen-binding complementarity regions. M167, in addition to having differences in the complementarity regions, also has five substitutions in the conserved framework portion of the variable region when compared to T15 and M603. Each of the three proteins has a different length in the third complementarity region. It is unlikely that complementarity regions of different lengths associated with similar framework regions could be generated by proposed mechanisms of somatic mutation which are generally limited to point mutations. It appears more likely that these products are directly encoded by different structural germ line genes. PMID- 819933 TI - Fusion of protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Protoplasts of two doubly auxotrophis strains of Bacillus megaterium were fused by nascent calcium phosphate or by polyethylene glycol treatment, and then allowed to revert to bacillary form on selection media. The colonies formed were analyzed and found to be mixed populations of individual bacteria apparently containing parental, recombinant, and segregating genotypes. The evidence suggested that segregation was transitory, lasting only for a few clonings and reisolations. PMID- 819934 TI - Fusion of bacterial protoplasts. AB - Prototrophic Bacillus subtilis cells can be formed in the presence of DNase as a result of cell fusion occurring in mixed populations of protoplasts derived from two parental strains which are both nutritionally-complementing and polyauxotrophic. No prototrophs ever appear from mixed nonprotoplasted bacteria, or from the auxotrophic parental protoplasts plated separately. The frequency of prototroph formation, which is appreciable only when the mixed protoplasts are exposed to polyethylene glycol treatment, may exceed 1 X 10(-4) of the total protoplast population initially present, which is 1 to 4 X 10(-3) of those protoplasts which reverted to the bacillary form. It is strongly dependent on the number and chromosomal location of the markers used in the selection of the prototrophs, and it is unaffected when either one of the parental strains bears the phage phi105 in the inducible prophage state. No auxotrophic bacteria, parental or otherwise, were found as segregants from repeatedly isolated protrotrophic clones growing in a nonselective medium. Unselected markers segregate among the selected recombinants. It is concluded that the observed formation of prototropic bacteria is due to protoplast fusion, a process which does not induce prophage development, and that the only stable products of the resulting diploid state are haploid recombinants. PMID- 819935 TI - Experimental studies on dental implants. PMID- 819936 TI - Arthritogenicity in rats of cell walls from several streptococci staphylococci and two other bacteria. AB - Bacterial cell walls from Str. bovis, Str. lactis, Str. mutans, Str. thermophilus, Str. salivarius, and Str. pyogenes were able to produce polyarthritis in rats but Str. faecalis cell walls were nonarthritogenic. S. aureus cell walls produced extremely severe disease. It was also shown that cell walls from S. epidermidis, B. megaterium, and M. lysodeikticus were nonarthritogenic. A close correlation was observed between development of arthritis and the delayed hypersensitivity to bacterial peptidoglycans but not with the PPD hypersensitivity. It was suggested that the adjuvanticity of bacterial cell walls is needed to induce the disease and that arthritogenicity requires a specific antigen in addition to the presence of an adjuvant-inducing agent. PMID- 819937 TI - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) of relaxin in sera of various species using an antiserum to porcine relaxin. AB - We have investigated the application of a RIA for porcine relaxin to the assay of relaxinlike substances in the blood of various other mammalian species. The cross reactivity between antiporcine relaxin antibody and the relaxinlike substances in the blood of other mammals during pregnancy was sufficiently high to permit the assay of 0.1-0.5 ml of serum or plasma samples. Nonspecific reactivity was controlled by adding similar volumes of serum or plasma obtained from ovariectomized female or intact male subjects to RIA tubes containing known porcine standards. RIA relaxin levels rose markedly during the last third of pregnancy in rats, mice, and guinea pigs. RIA relaxin was also found in late pregnancy in dog, rhesus and java monkeys, and human beings. The apparent blood levels of hormone found in each species will depend upon their degree of cross reactivity with the antiporcine relaxin antibody as well as upon their actual concentration. Thus, absolute blood level values should not be taken literally. However, the fluctuations in RIA relaxin observed during the course of gestation in any given species would appear to reflect accurately the relative blood concentrations of the hormone. PMID- 819938 TI - Radioimmunoassay of procollagen in serum of patients with Paget's disease of bone. AB - A new radioimmunoassay for human procollagen showed that the sera of 46 of 50 untreated patients with Paget's disease of bone contained increased concentrations of procollagen protein as compared to normal adults. After therapy with disodium etidronate, all the elevated serum procollagen concentrations decreased significantly, falling to normal levels in 33 of 40 patients. The procollagen levels before and after treatment were coordinate with the values for urinary total hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The data show that the radioimmunoassay for procollagen is a dependable and useful adjunct to the study of Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 819939 TI - Central effects of thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF); interaction with some antipsychotic drugs. AB - The behavioral effects (tremors, tail erection, increased motility) of intracerebrally injected TRF are enhanced by pretreatment with chlorpromazine, reserpine and sulpiride; haloperidol does not exert appreciable effects. L-Dopa attenuates or abolishes the potentiation. PMID- 819940 TI - The effects of perphenazine on self-administration behavior. AB - In Experiment 1.6 rhesus monkeys prepared with intravenous catheters responded on a fixed-ratio 10 schedule for either an injection of 0.2 mg/kg of cocaine or 0.5 mg/kg of pentobarbital during a daily 3 hr session. The substitution of saline or various doses of perphenazine resulted in very low rates of responding. These results indicate that perphenazine is not a positive reinforcer. Pretreating animals maintained on 0.1 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg of cocaine with perphenazine resulted in increases in rate of self-administration at some doses and a decrease in rate at higher doses. The dose of perphenazine which resulted in the maximal increase in cocaine self-administration was directly related to the dose of cocaine maintaining responding. Pretreating animals maintained on 0.5 mg/kg of pentobarbital with perphenazine had no effect at doses which increased cocaine self-administration but decreased rate of pentobarbital self-administration at higher doses. These results indicate that perphenazine is capable of antagonizing some of the effects of cocaine. PMID- 819941 TI - Cocaine self-administration in monkeys by chewing and smoking. AB - Two rhesus monkeys self-administered cocaine hydrochloride in a gum base vehicle on a fixed ratio 10 schedule with performance characterized by frequent pauses and increased intertrial interval responding. Three other monkeys self administered cocaine base in lettuce cigarette vehicles in smoking performance marked by shortened puff durations. Urinary benzoyl ecgnoine levels correlated with amount of cocaine chewed or smoked. Monkeys did not prefer cocaine gum in choice tests with plain or procaine gum, but did significantly prefer cocaine cigarettes to plain cigarettes. These preliminary results emphasize the importance of route of administration in determining reinforcement efficacy of human coca use and suggest animal models for their further experimental analysis. PMID- 819942 TI - Ethanol as a positive reinforcer via the oral route for rhesus monkeys: maintenance of fixed-ratio responding. AB - Two rhesus monkeys were required to emit 1 to 16 responses (FR 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) per 0.5 ml delivery of either 8% (w/v( ethanol or water. Ethanol had been established as an effective reinforcer via the oral route in an earlier experiment [4]. At FR 16, responding maintained by ethanol clearly exceeded responding maintained by water for both monkeys. The volume of ethanol intake per session remained nearly constant from FR 1 to FR 16, however, the volume of water consumed per session decreased when FR 16 was required. PMID- 819943 TI - Stability of injection solutions of vitamin B1 Part 1: Influence of chelating agents. AB - The chelating agents EDTA, DTPA and HEDTA increase the stability of thiamine hydrochloride solutions. The stabilizing efficiency of HEDTA and DTPA is highly superior to that of EDTA. There is an optimum concentration of EDTA at which its stabilizing effect is maximum; beyond this concentration, the stability of the vitamin decreases gradually by increasing EDTA concentration. EDTA at a comparatively high concentration (10 mmole/1) catalyzes thiamine degradation. The stabilizing action of DTPA increases gradually as a function of its concentration. On the other hand, HEDTA in a very low concentration (0.5 mmole/1) affords a definite inhibitory effect on the rate of thiamine cleavage. However, increasing HEDTA concentration from 0.5 up to 3.0 mmole/1 does not increase its stabilizing efficiency. At HEDTA concentrations higher than 3 mmole/1, the stability of the vitamin increases gradually as a function of the chelating agent concentration. PMID- 819944 TI - Action of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cell division and macromolecular synthesis in division-synchronized protozoa. AB - Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) elicited a dose-dependent (3.2-24 muM) response for form/movement, cellular growth and division in log growth phase and division-synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. Progressive dose-dependent action of THC on division delays in division-synchronized cell cultures was correlated with a concomitant reduction of division maxima and the percent of cells that completed division I. THC depressed the incorporation of 5-3H-uridine, 2-14C-thymidine and L-3-14C-phenylalanine into RNA, DNA and protein macromolecules respectively of division-synchronized Tetrahymena during division I. The depression of incorporation of 5-3H-uridine into nucleic acid macromolecules was correlated with a reduction of exogenous precursor in the cellular pool. The specific activity of radiolabeled mRNA and nascent polypeptides of polyribosomal fractions from synchronized cells was reduced by THC treatment. THC caused an inhibition of the incorporation of 5-3H-uridine into ribosomal RNA (17S and 25S RNA) and ribosomal precursor RNA (35S RNA) of synchronized cells. PMID- 819945 TI - The fourteenth Douglas Lea Memorial Lecture. Radiation and the single cell: the physicist's contribution to radiobiology. PMID- 819946 TI - A Cerenkov detector for energy calibration of electron accelerators in clinical use. AB - The ICRU recommends various methods for the energy calibration of electron accelerators in medical use. A simple method, so far rarely used, is based on the Cerenkov effect in gases. The method is described and its practical application discussed. Corrections and error effects on the energy determination are investigated in detail. PMID- 819947 TI - Beam profiles measured on neutron generator having an effective target area 5-5 X 5-5 cm2. PMID- 819948 TI - [Lauryl sulfate method in culturing sputum for primary isolation of mycobacteria]. PMID- 819950 TI - The periodic health examination: a commentary. PMID- 819949 TI - [Fluorescence microscopy]. PMID- 819951 TI - Periodic health examinations. Why? What? When? How? PMID- 819952 TI - The periodic health examination for the adult. Waste or wisdom? PMID- 819953 TI - [The only child in pediatric neuropsychiatric patient material]. AB - In the older literature, single children were usually considered as being subject to particularly pathogenetic situations. In the more recent literature, on the other hand, the emphasis has usually been on psychoreactive disorders of single children. The author and his associates have been able to show that in a comparison of single children and multiple children different socioeconomic conditions are of major importance and tend to play a decisive role in the complex pathogenetic structure of certain diseases. Therefore, it is necessary that, so fat as the prevention of diseases that we are concerned here with is concerned, far more attention be given to children in multiple-children families (inasmuch as three-children families are required for an adequate reproduction of our society, a fact which has been convincingly demonstrated by Mehlan in 1963). PMID- 819954 TI - Editorial: Nutrition, growth, and development. PMID- 819955 TI - Effects of drive level on the degree of cue control by squirrel monkeys. PMID- 819956 TI - Inhibition of Huggins tumors by forced restraint. AB - Three experiments demonstrated that chronically administered restraint inhibits the development of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. The effect is exhibited in a lower proportion of positive responses, increased latency of tumor development, and lower number of tumors in positive animals when restrained animals are compared with controls. Organ weights failed to show a stress response to restraint. Molar activity data from Experiment III indicated that early in the experiment activity increased among the restrained animals on release from restraint. A fourth experiment, which employed a crystal accelerometer to assess activity, produced a similar activity pattern and also provided evidence of adrenal ascorbic acid depletion as a function of restraint. PMID- 819958 TI - Characteristics of a negative pion beam for the irradiation of superifical nodules in cancer patients. PMID- 819957 TI - Activities of mixed function oxidases, UDP-glucuronyl transferase and sulphate conjugation enzymes in galliformes and anseriformes. AB - The activities of certain drug metabolizing enzymes have been measured in liver and kidney slice preparations from domesticated birds. Aminopyrine demethylase activity was significantly lower in liver slices from the duck (Aylesbury X Pekin, Khaki-Campbell) than from the rat (Wistar), and in the Aylesbury X Pekin duck lower than in the turkey (Triple 6 FLX), chicken (Brown Leghorn, Rhode Island Red X Light Sussex) and goose (Emden X Doulouse). The microsomal cytochrome P-450 was lower in duck liver (Aylesbury X Pekin) than in rat liver, and the aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities in a 10,000 g supernatant fraction of liver were lower in duck preparations (Aylesbury X Pekin, Khaki-Campbell) than rat preparations. These observations suggest that the duck is likely to be susceptible to drugs which are metabolized by the cytochrome P 450 containing mono-oxygenases. UDP-Glucuronyl transferase activity was not detectable in liver and kidney slices from two mature geese. This observation was not the outcome of a deficiency of UDP-glucuronic acid, rapid breakdown of glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase or the presence of a substance inhibitory to UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Liver slices from geese, ducks (Aylesbury X Pekin) and chickens contained low UDP-glucuronyl transferase and high sulphate conjugation enzyme activities, whereas the reverse was found in Khaki-Campbell ducks. The activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase and the sulphate conjugation enzymes were both relatively high in liver slices from the turkey and rat. The kidney contained lower enzyme activities than the liver except in the duck (Aylesbury X Pekin), in which low activities of aminopyrine demethylase and UDP glucuronyl transferase were present in slices of both organs. In liver slices from chickens and geese the activities of aminopyrine demethylase and the sulphate conjugation enzymes were similar in mature and immature birds, and the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase was considerably higher in chicks and goslings than in mature birds of the same species. In the chick the activities of aminopyrine demethylase, UDP-glucuronyl transferase and the sulphate conjugation enzymes were higher in the duodenum than the remainder of the alimentary tract. The activities of these enzymes in pieces of duodenum were as high as those in slices of liver. The inclusion of sulphate in the incubation medium produced a significant increase in the synthesis of p-nitrophenyl sulphate in liver slices and not kidney slices except those from the duck. The kidney slices seemed to produce sufficient sulphate for the reaction of the sulphate conjugation enzymes to proceed at the maximum rate, but the liver slices did not do so. PMID- 819959 TI - A study of 99mTc-labeled RBC. PMID- 819960 TI - [Clinical significance of clearance determinations after single injection of 51Cr EDTA AND 125I-hippuran (author's transl)]. PMID- 819961 TI - Congenital generalized fibromatosis: a case report with roentgen manifestations of the skeleton. AB - Congenital generalized fibromatosis is a rare disease. Since the features were described in 1954, 23 cases have been mentioned in the literature. 4 cases that had been reported before that time may retrospectively be said to belong to this syndrome. Congenital generalized fibromatosis resembles clinically as well as roentgenologically neurofibromatosis and may therefore be classified as a hamartomatosis, although the histological distinction of the congenital fibrosarcoma may sometimes be difficult. In this case report, a young patient is described with clinical, roentgenological and histological features of congenital generalized fibromatosis. PMID- 819962 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy in carcinomas of the rectum and distal sigmoid colon. AB - Twenty-seven patients with Stage B and C carcinomas of the rectum and lower sigmoid received radiotherapy following radical surgery. Local control ratios for Stages B2, B3, and C (modified Duke's) were 7/9, 2/6, and 4/12, respectively. Nine of these 13 patients are alive with no evidence of disease 4-54 mo. after treatment; the other 4 died of unrelated causes. One died of complications attributable to irradiation 6 mo. after treatment; no tumor was found at autopsy. These results suggest that postoperative irradiation plays a significant role in Stage B lesions, but prognosis for Stage C disease does not appear to be altered. PMID- 819963 TI - Anomalous biliary and pancreatic duct insertion into duodenal diverticula. AB - Over a period of three years, anomalous insertion of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct into a duodenal diverticulum was observed in roughly 3% of all carefully performed T-tube cholangiograms. This would indicate that the lesion is relatively common and should be sought carefully. In this series, the association between the anomalous ductal insertion and biliary tract disease cannot be established, since the method of patient selection obviates any epidemiologic consideration. Of greatest significance is the fact that the anomaly can occur with several anatomic variations. Because of the multiple possible variations, careful radiographic evaluations of the biliary and pancreatic ductal system should be performed before any definitive surgery is directed toward a duodenal diverticulum. PMID- 819964 TI - Results of irradiation in squamous cell carcinomas of the glossopalatine sulcus. AB - Eighty-one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the glossopalatine sulcus received definitive megavoltage irradiation at M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Such tumores have a specific natural history and spread pattern. Almost all T2 and T3 lesions are controlled with 7,000 rads/7 wk.-7,500 rads/7 1/2 wk. The time-dose data for control of these lesions by radiotherapy indicate the importance of precise treatment. Complications are found to be dose related. PMID- 819965 TI - Some comments on gamma-ray implant dosimetry. AB - Dosimetry calculations were made on the basis of recent photon interaction data and compared with existing sources. The build-up effect in muscle, photon attenuation in the source, filtration medium, and muscle, and 12 principal photon lines were incorporated in the calculations, and radium seeds of two standard dimensions were used. The results were within 1% agreement with previous findings for a 1-mCi radium source but showed an apparent discrepancy for a 13.3-mCi radium source filtered through a platinum tube, due to photon attenuation and scatter. These results may be extrapolated to fit circumstances such as drug impregnated tissue. PMID- 819966 TI - [Biosynthesis of prostaglandin with special reference to their endoperoxides (author's transl)]. PMID- 819967 TI - Gastric antisecretory actions of (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester and natural prostaglandin E2 in rhesus monkeys. AB - The gastric antisecretory actions of (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (Me-PGE2) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were evaluated in the unanesthetized gastric fistula rhesus monkey. Secretion was submaximally stimulated by multiple subcutaneous injections of histamine acid phosphate given every hour for four consecutive hours. When a steady-state plateau of gastric secretion was reached, the PG's were administered as a single bolus dose either intravenously (i.v.) or intragastrically (i.g.). Both PG's inhibited histamine-stimulated gastric secretion. The PG's showed greater sensitivity in inhibiting acid concentration while not affecting volume output. Active i.v. and i.g. antisecretory doses of ME PGE2 ranged from 3 to 10 mug/kg, while PGE2 showed significant antisecretory activity at i.v. bolus doses of 30-100 mug/kg and i.g. bolus dose of 1.0 mg/kg. Thus, Me-PGE2 is estimated to be at least 10 and 300 times more potent than PGE2 by the i.v. and i.g. administration routes, respectively. These findings indicate that the rhesus monkey shows some similarities to man in responsiveness to gastric secretory inhibition by E-prostaglandins. PMID- 819968 TI - Inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis: a bicyclo-(2.2.1)-heptene analogue of '2' series prostaglandins and related derivatives. PMID- 819969 TI - [Topographic and intracellular distribution of monoamine and diamine oxydases in rat stomach]. AB - Up to now, the activity of D.A.O. and M.A.O. in the gastric mucosa of rat stomach has not been yet detected. Employing a radioisotopic method, modified by us, it was possible to detect the activity of both enzymes in sufficient amount to study their topographic and intracellular localization. Topographically, the antral region showed the highest activity for the two enzymes, being the D.A.O. 20 times stronger than the M.A.O. The intracellular localization of M.A.O. seems to be in the lysosomes but the D.A.O. looks like to be homogeneously distributed, except in the mitochondrial fraction. The simple demonstration of gastric intracellular distribution of these enzymes in the rat stomach should stimulate further investigations to elucidate the metabolism of histamine and its enzymatic regulations. PMID- 819970 TI - Simplification in the method of thyroxine measurement by competitive protein binding analysis. AB - It has been presented a new technique for measuring thyroxine based on the method first proposed by Murphy & Pattee 1964. This method was compared to Braverman et al. 1971 technique and to Seligson & Seligson's 1971 one. The advantage of the suggested technique consists in making only one radioactivity measuring in the Sephadex column itself, which avoids the risk of contamination and increase of costs. Therefore, it saves time and permits the automatization of the method by the use of an automatic gamma counter for 200 or 300 tubes. PMID- 819971 TI - The chick embryo in studies of virulence and immunity with Neisseria Gonorrhoeae. AB - Intravenous inoculation of 11-day old chick embryos with Neisseria gonorrhoeae has confirmed the original observation of Bumgarner and Finkelstein that T1 and T2 gonocci are significantly more virulent than T3 and T4. Pili do not seem to be solely responsible for this virulence, since elimination of pili did not effect either the viability or the virulence of N. gonorrhoeae. In neutralization studies, there was only one log difference between the ability of normal and hyperimmune rabbit serum to protect the embryo against gonoccocal infection. However, when mouse sera were used in the same chick embryo system a clear difference was noted between the protective activity of normal serum and that antisera elicited in mice by purified gonococcal antigens. It is suggested therefore that mouse antisera be used in this chick embryo model for the assay for gonococcal antigens. PMID- 819973 TI - [Enzymatic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in epileptic convulsions]. PMID- 819972 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of ketone bodies, synthesis, utilization, psychological significance, metabolic control, hormonal factors and main ketone status]. PMID- 819975 TI - [Pathomorphosis of Salmonella infections]. PMID- 819974 TI - [Thoracic tumor in Von Rechklinghausen neurofibromatosis (report of a clinical case)]. PMID- 819976 TI - Circular dichroism studies on the interaction of sulfonylureas with bovine and human serum albumin. PMID- 819977 TI - Renal ultrastructural changes induced by calcium EDTA in rats. AB - Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CaEDTA) was found to induce definite ultrastructural changes in the rat kidney, when infused intravenously at toxic doses (6 mmoles/kg/24 h). These changes consisted of increased vacuolation and lysosomal activity in the proximal tubular epithelium and decreased electron density of the glomerular basement membrane. No abnormalities were seen in the mitochondria. PMID- 819978 TI - [Histopathological changes produced in mice by Mexican strains of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 819979 TI - [Frequency and importance of fetomaternal hemorrhages through early amniocentesis]. AB - Amniocentesis is a technic to which it is now made more and more reference, even when feto-maternal incompatibility is not involved, for many various indications and at variable chronology along pregnancy. Our study concerns the risk developing Rh immunization among Rh negative women, undergoing amniocentesis early in pregnancy. 233 women had 243 amniocentesis between 16 and 21 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal cells in the maternal circulation were searched for using the Kleihauer's acid elution technic. In 154 cases, the Kleihauer's method was also used just before the amniocentesis, in order to run out a spontaneous foeto maternal haemorrhage and to correlate the 25 (16,2%) transplacental haemorrhage reported to amniocentesis. When ever the result was positive, we observed a feto maternal ratio varying from 1/20 000 to 100/20 000 but it is very difficult at this early period of fetal life to assure a precise volume of blood from this ratio. Placental localization preceeding amniocentesis does not seem minimizing the risk of bleeding. Althrough the occurence of a fetal bleeding seems to be more frequent in cases where blood can be demonstrated in the amniotic fluid (8/25 = 32%) than in cases it is not, the estimated volume of the foeto-maternal haemorrhage is not related to the presence or absence of blood in the amniotic cavity. In 3 cases the intra-amniotic blood was tested by the Kleihauer's method. In two instances there was a mixture of adult and fetal cells. In the 3rd case only fetal cells were present. In this last case, as in 17/25 bloody amniotic fluid (68%) no feto-maternal haemorrhage could be demonstrated. The risk of Rh immunization commands prophylaxis. In such Rh negative women, we inject intravenously a 85 mug dose of anti-D immunoglobulin, soon after performing amniocentesis, what ever the result of Kleihauer test is positive or negative. PMID- 819980 TI - [Incidence of the sensitivity of Lalezari's test on the diagnosis and prevention of fetal erythroblastosis by anti-rhesus alloimmunization]. PMID- 819981 TI - [Wild reservoirs and vectors of cruzi. LX. Attempts to cross Rhodnius prolixus Stal, 1859 and Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)]. PMID- 819982 TI - [Type A influenza in hens: Serological survey by hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests]. PMID- 819983 TI - [EEG paroxystic synchronous and asynchronous aspects in subjects with malformations of the corpus callosum]. PMID- 819984 TI - [Therapeutic effects of taurine in epilepsy: a clinical and polyphysiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - A study was carried out after i.v. administration of 200 mg/Kg of taurine on 37 epileptic patients in whom frequency and duration of seizures was considerable. Twenty-two subjects were given taurine for 15 consecutive days and then, once a week for a period of 6 weeks. In 5 control cases, the daily dosage wascontinued up to the 30th day; in 5 more, up to the 45th day and finally, in 5 up to the 60th day. Out of 37 patients 15 had temporal lobe epilepsy, 10 were cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 5 had generalised epilepsy, either convulsive or non convulsive, 4 had H.H.E. syndrome and three brothers had myoclonic familial progressive epilepsy. In each group the results were similar and may be summarised as follows: I) both interictal activity and electroclinical seizures were reduced by about 30% within the first 10 days of administration; II) between the 30th and 45th day the ictal and interictal activity returned to its initial values; III) after this period, on the 60th day, values were similar to the initial ones; IV) as far as interictal activity is concerned, the same effect was found during nocturnal sleep; V) no significant changes were noticed in nocturnal sleep cycles and stages; VI) there was no apparent evidence that any phase of sleep might facilitate any improvement. Improvement was observed in about 50% of the cases (21) both physically and psychologically. The physical improvement was noticed above all in the appearence of the skin while the psychological improvement was mostly related to both attention and memory. Any pathological aspect of personality did not appear to be modified. PMID- 819985 TI - [Staphylococci, fecal streptococci and coliform bacteria in the water of indoor swimming pools in selected Polish cities]. PMID- 819986 TI - [Synergistic action of a mixture of carbaryl and pipereronyl butoxylate]. PMID- 819987 TI - [On the finding of Panstrongylus megistus in the Cambe province of the Parana State, Brazil]. PMID- 819988 TI - [New finding of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) freitasi, a parasite of opossums]. PMID- 819989 TI - DEAE-dextran and polybrene cation inhibition of antibody/complement mediated in vitro immune haemolysis. AB - Preincubation of unsensitized sheep erythrocytes with 25 mug/ml of the polycations DEAE-dextran or polybrene prevented immune haemolysis. This inhibition could be reversed by polyanion. When already sensitized cells were incubated in polycation or when polycation was added to complement, less effect was found on haemolysis. Cell electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed that polycation does not prevent attachment of antibody to the cells. PMID- 819990 TI - The treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers with co-trimoxazole in a comparative trial with chloramphenicol. PMID- 819991 TI - Co-trimoxazole in cases of gram-negative septicaemia. PMID- 819993 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone: development of inactivation system during maturation of the rat. AB - Whereas thyrotropin releasing hormone is rapidly and extensively degraded by plasma of adult rats, no appreciable loss of biological or immunological activity is caused by plasma from rats 4 or 16 days old. The plasma of neonatal rats does not appear to contain an inhibitor of thyrotropin releasing hormone peptidase or a peptidase with altered substrate affinity. The development of an active peptidase in rat plasma suggests a physiological role for inactivation of thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 819994 TI - The role of megavoltage radiation therapy in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 819992 TI - Visual discrimination impaired by cutting temporal lobe connections. AB - An attempt was made to transect the white matter that connects the anterior temporal lobe with dorsal and medial brain areas. Eight monkeys were trained preoperatively on a visual discrimination and tested postoperatively for retention and relearning of the task. They were also tested for Kluver-Bucy symptoms. The two animals that had complete lesions were unable to relearn the visual discrimination. It is suggested that human medial temporal lesions may produce their effects on learning and retention by damage to temporal white matter rather than by destruction of hippocampus. PMID- 819995 TI - Clinical usefulness of radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin: a review. PMID- 819996 TI - Letter: Anginal nitrate stability. PMID- 819998 TI - [Editorial: Which is more important, health or federal budget?]. PMID- 819997 TI - Present-day principles in the management of enterocutaneous fistulae. AB - Enterocutaneous fistulae after abdominal surgery are not uncommon, and their occurrence has in the past been associated with a high morbidity. Recent advances in the management of this condition are reviewed and a practical scheme of management is outlined. The advent of total parenteral nutrition and elemental diets has to a large extent negated the need for early surgery, and unless complicating factors are present, treatment is initially conservative, anticipating spontaneous closure in the majority of patients. PMID- 819999 TI - [Primary resistance in 126 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 820000 TI - [Bovine tuberculosis, isolation of mycobacteria from cattle]. PMID- 820001 TI - [Case finding by means of microscopy of sputum]. PMID- 820002 TI - Technical considerations in lower abdominal surgery: selected topics. PMID- 820003 TI - Chagning patterns in fracture management emphasizing early motion and function. PMID- 820004 TI - Multimodal surgical adjuvant therapy for a broad spectrum of tumors in humans.? AB - Co-operative investigation of clinical therapy for cancer is used to test hypotheses developed in single institutions and in animal research laboratories. The present studies in a large co-operative organization, the Central Oncology Group, are being conducted in seven major solid tumors in adults; in these studies patients with a poor surgical prognosis are being treated with preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy, preoperative radiotion therapy of these modalities. Results of studies currently underway or recently completed in 1,278 patients are summarized. In most instances, the research has demonstrated little or no apparent improvement in the disease free interval or the survival time from adjuvant therapy, although only on of the studies has been completed and fully evaluated thus far. In carcinoma of the colon and rectum and melanoma, mild toxicity from drug therapy has been associated with statistically significant improvement in survival times. These studies have produced base line information on disease free intervals, time to progression and survival time in patients with cancer who are seen in the participating institutions. These observations are expected to useful in the planning of future adjuvant studies. PMID- 820005 TI - Physiopathologic responses of the rhesus monkey to live Escherichia coli. AB - The present study was designed to develop an animal model applicable to the clinical patient in the investigation of the pathogenesis of septic shock. The model currently described is a lightly anesthetized, unrestrained monkey, carefully monitored during a 24 hour observation period. Varying doses of live Excherichia coli organisms were infused intravenously during a 30 minute period, and a variety of hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic parameters were monitored. Doses of organisms varied between 7.6X10(9) and 3.0X10(11) organisms per kilogram of body weight, and there was no obvious correlation between size of dose and survival time. Two of nine experimental monkeys survived the Excherichia coli, while times of death of the remaining monkeys varied between three and 27 hours. Two control monkeys, not administered organisms, survived the 24 hour period with minimal changes in all measured parameters. Results reveal two patterns in response to organism administration. These were early acute death, after three to four hours, and prolonged life, death after 20 to 27 hours. The acute response was characterized by marked systemic hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, increased lactate level, decreased pH or respiratory depression. The other type of response involved profound sustained hypotension with hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in most monkeys and elevations in lactate, blood urea nitrogen potassium creatinine, serum glutamicoxalacetic, lactic dehydrogenase and fractionatedlactic dehydrogenase levels. Depressions in respiration were not evident in the group which survived a longer period of time. Renal fibrin thrombi, prominent in baboons administered Escherichia coli, were absent in the rhesus monkey regardless of the size of the dose of organisms. The results of this study suggest the operation of a multifactiorial mechanism in septic shock with interactions between hemodynamic and metabolic factors varying within the species. PMID- 820006 TI - The elemental diet. AB - The elemental diet is a precisely formulated, predigested liquid diet capable of providing adequate nutrition for growth, development and tissue repletion in normal and debiliatated patients. It can be used as the sole means of nutritional support for a variety of gastrointestinal problems provided that there is an adequate length of small intestine with functioning mucosa. The elemental diet also can be used to supplement either intravenous or other enteral feedings to prevent a chronic hypocaloric state. Although safer and less complicated to administer than its intravenous counterpart, there are, nonetheless, certain important policies which must be rigidly observed to assure successful treatment and to prevent complications. Similar to intravenous hyperalimentation, administration is best carried out under the auspices of experienced and interested personnel who have a specific interest in surgical nutrition. PMID- 820007 TI - Enteral hyperalimentation. AB - Parenteral hyperalimentation, when used free of associated morbidity, usually produces a dramatic reversal in the deteriorating clinical course of the patient. However, most patients who need nutritional support have at least a minimally functioning gastrointestinal tract. By using a continuous enteral gavage of a chemically defined diet through a 4F tube, the same positive nitrogen balance, weight gain and accelerated wound healing can be achieved. As with parenteral hyperalimentation, there are avoidable iatrogenic morbidities. A policy and procedure for safe and effective enteral hyperalimentation, results of clinical experience and a simplified method for assessing achievement of a therapeutic goal are presented. PMID- 820008 TI - Pancreatic secretion in response to an elemental diet and intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - Pancreatic exocrine responses to oral and intraduodenal administration of an elemental diet and to an intravenously administered hyperalimentation solution were determined in dogs with fistulas of the stomach and pancreas. Administration of an intraduodenal elemental diet prevented the responses to water and bicarbonate seen with oral administration but did not prevent the protein response. Intravenously administered hyperalimentation solution produced only minor effects on pancreatic secretion when compared with the elemental diet. PMID- 820009 TI - Subluxation of cervical spine in major epileptic seizure due to cerebral schistosomiasis. AB - Subluxation of the cervical spine either with or without neurologic involvement as a result of epileptic seizure is a rare occurrence. Most of the literature reviewed deals with compression fractures of the spine effected by metrazol induced convulsions or electroshock therapy for major psychosis. Of further interest in this case is the presumptive diagnosis of a cerebral lesion due to schistosomiasis as the cause of the seizure which produced the cervical subluxation with neurologic changes. The subluxation was reduced and stabilized by inter-body fusion. PMID- 820010 TI - Posttraumatic subepicranial varix. AB - Two cases of subepicranial varix following injury are reported. They were associated with depressed skull fractures. Subepicranial varix is a rare and benign scalp mass, and should be differentiated from vascular anomalies of the scalp and cystic masses of the scalp communicating with the cerebrospinal space. The relationship between subepicranial varix and sinus pericranii is discussed. PMID- 820011 TI - Lumbar intradural arachnoid diverticulum with cauda equina compression. AB - An unusual case is reported of an intradural lumbar arachnoid diverticulum causing mild compression of the cauda equina and producing debilitating symptoms which were relieved by inadvertent drainage. A survey of the literature indicates that lumbar arachnoid diverticula are very rare. Only one other report of an intradural lesion of this type has been found. These lesions cause back pain or radicular pain and sensory disturbances when the patient is upright of bending forward. These symptoms are relieved by lying down. Percussion tenderness over the level of the diverticulum is a consistent finding. The key to the diagnosis is supine myelography. PMID- 820012 TI - Physiological and pathological effects of neurologic disturbances and increased intracranial pressure on the lung. A review. AB - The literature concerning the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of increased intracranial pressure has been reviewed. There have been many conflicting reports leading to diametrically opposed views. Those reports dealing with the physiologic and pathologic changes in the lung are confusing and inconclusive. Differences in the results of the investigations are related to the differences in the experimental methods and species' differences. The conclusions that were drawn concerning the mechanisms of the pulmonary changes associated with increased intracranial pressure are speculative. The problem requires reexamination. PMID- 820013 TI - Hemangioma of the choroid. A clinicopathologic study of 71 cases and a review of the literature. AB - This is a clinicopathologic study of 71 hemangiomas of the choroid. The cases were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 45 cases of solitary choroidal hemangiomas (not related to any systemic disease); Group 2 comprised 17 cases with unequivocal evidence of Sturge-Weber syndrome; and Group 3 included 9 cases, 6 of which were classified as "probably Sturge-Weber syndrome." Clinically, many differences were found that established a clear distinction between Groups 1 and 2. Histopathologically, the solitary hemangiomas were well circumscribed tumors that showed a sharply demarcated pushing margin causing compression of melanocytes and choroidal lamellae. About 70% of these tumors were located temporally (at the posterior pole). In contrast, the lesions in the Sturge-Weber syndrome showed a diffuse angiomatosis involving more than one-half of the choroid, as well as the episcleral and intrascleral perilimbal plexuses. The cause and pathogenesis of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 820014 TI - [Study of iron metabolism by means of whole-body radiometry in chronic inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 820016 TI - [Letter: Toxic effects of amino acids]. PMID- 820015 TI - [5 years' experience with a new tranquilizer lexotanil (ro 5-3350) in ambulatory patients in a psychiatric practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 820017 TI - Effect of lipid depletion on the kinetics of microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase. AB - Removal of lipids from the microsomes with 90% acetone resulted in 50% or more decrease of NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. The decrease of the enzyme activity was a result of lowering of Vmax and increase in Km. When sufficient amounts of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol were added to the acetone treated microsomes, the reductase activity was restored completely to the original level. On the other hang, when ferricyanide was used in place of cytochrome c as electron acceptor, the rate of reduction of ferricyanide was not affected by the lipid depletion and Vmax and Km for ferricyanide remained unchanged. PMID- 820018 TI - Demonstration of exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri sciureus. PMID- 820020 TI - A case of human Sarcocystis infection in west Malaysia. AB - The first case of Sarcocystis infection is reported from West Malaysia. A cyst was seen as an incidental finding in a biopsy specimen from the larynx of the patient. The cyst and the cystozoites were of the small size with no evidence of cytophaneres or compartments. PMID- 820019 TI - Calcification of the bladder and papillary tumours of the bladder and ureters in gibbons (Hylobates lar) infected with Schistosoma haematobium (Iran). AB - Many species of nonhuman primates have been employed to find parasite-definitive host combinations which would allow for investigations on different aspects of schistosomiasis haematobia. Gibbons (Hylobates lar), exposed to moderate numbers of Schistosoma haematobium cercariae, have demonstrated some of the basic features of schistosomiasis haematobia in man. Calcification in schistosomiasis haematobia is variable. Radiologically evident calcification of the bladder was noted in one gibbon. Radio-opaque areas in the bladder corresponded to dense deposits of calcified eggs observed on histological examination. Thus, it seems, bladder calcification, thought to be a later complication of schistosomiasis, can develop fairly rapidly. One of two gibbons killed 11 months after infection had small papillary transitional cell tumours in both ureters. The other had papillary transitional cell tumours covering most of the urinary bladder surface. No invasion of muscle by tumour was present and no metastases were seen. PMID- 820021 TI - Determination of Rh blood group of fetuses in abortions by suction curettage. PMID- 820022 TI - The uptake and retention of chromium by cells. PMID- 820023 TI - Immunologic properties of placental eluates. PMID- 820024 TI - Application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of Theileria hirci infection of sheep: using cell culture schizont antigen. AB - The indirect fluorescent antibody test was applied for detection of circulating antibodies in sheep as a result of Theileria hirci infections. A schizont antigen was prepared from an in vitro culture suspension of lymphoid cells infected with T. hirci macroschizonts. The peak antibody titre of 1/8, 192 was reached 24 days after the initial antibody rise in the sheep experimentally infected by means of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks. PMID- 820025 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in Scotland: a national sample survey and follow-up (1968 70). 1. The characteristics of the cases notified in 1968. AB - A survey has been undertaken of a 50 per cent random sample of 865 patients notified as having pulmonary tuberculosis in 1968 in Scotland. The estimated notification rate for the total population was 33.3 per 100,000. The highest rate for males was 89.8 for those aged 55 or more and for females 29.5 for those aged 25 to 54. The rates for bacteriologically confirmed cases were 51.6 and 16.0, respectively, for these two groups. An independent radiological assessor reported the characteristic appearances of active tuberculosis in 50 per cent of the chest radiographs. Nearly half the patients were referred by general practitioners and 20 per cent were hospital inpatients when diagnosed. Contacts and mass radiography services produced many fewer cases and the proportion of infectious cases in these groups was low. The notification procedure is discussed and it is suggested that as progress towards eradication is made notification information is inadequate, and that standardised supplementary information on severity of disease and infectiousness should be collected, annually or periodically. PMID- 820026 TI - The ABO and rhesus blood groups in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - During the 3 year period 1970-1972 a total of 554 patients were notified for the first time as having bacillary or abacillary pulmonary tuberculosis in the Municipality of Copenhagen; 99 per cent of these patients were typed according to the ABO and rhesus system. The bacillary patients showed an excess of group O and AB and a deficit of A and B as compared to the general population. The deviations were statistically highly significant for group O and A. The distribution according to the rhesus system did not deviate from the expected pattern. The ABO and rhesus distribution of the abacillary patients did not differ significantly from the expected pattern. During a follow-up period of 2-5 years after the initial diagnosis 104 bacillary patients died; the ABO pattern among the survivors was now closer to the normal; this resulted from a high number of deaths from tuberculosis among patients of group O and a low number among those belonging to group A. More rhesus negative patients died from tuberculosis than rhesus positive. It is concluded that a study of the ABO and rhesus pattern among the tuberculosis patients becomes biased if a break-down by bacteriological findings and history is not made. It is also important that the study covers all patients who contract tuberculosis within a certain period, as the longevity of the patients is apparently to some extent dependent on their blood group. PMID- 820027 TI - [Low-dose insulin therapy for diabetic keto-acidosis. 11 consecutive treated cases]. PMID- 820028 TI - [Editorial: Diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 820029 TI - Pitfalls in clinical staging of bladder tumors. AB - Errors in clinical staging of bladder carcinoma occur in about 50 per cent of patients. Sources of error include (1) a variable assortment of diagnostic studies performed, (2) inexactitudes inherent in the diagnostic measures employed, (3) insufficient corroboration by surgical and pathologic staging, (4) the lack of a satisfactory means for detecting micrometastases, and (5) a generalized confusion regarding the multiple classifications available for clinical staging. More precise clinical staging will be influential in treatment decision-making and in prognosis. Minimum requirements for clinical staging of the primary tumor currently include complete examination, excretory urography, cystoscopy, bimanual examination under anesthesia, and transurethral resection or biopsy. Polycystography, triple contrast cystograpy and arteriography may be helpful occasionally to document muscle invasion. Pedal lymphangiography and lymphography can in selected cases be helpful in detecting otherwise silent nodal involvement in spite of its inability to demonstrate many primary or regional lymph nodes. Familiarity with the above diagnostic options and the advantages and limitations of each is essential for each physician caring for a patient with bladder carcinoma. Conversion to TNM classification for bladder carcinoma that is similar to that of the UICC seems appropriate (1) because of its more rational approach to extent of involement by primary tumor, lymph node and distant sites, and (2) in order for our western hemisphere urologists to communicate better with our colleagues from around the globe. Such a system is now under consideration by a subcommittee of the American Joint Committee on Staging and End Result Reporting. PMID- 820030 TI - Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 820031 TI - Brain stem and vestibular neuron behavior during eye movements evoked by cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 820032 TI - Effect of tympanic membrane perforations on air caloric response in monkeys. PMID- 820033 TI - [Adaptation of chickens to feed with a reduced content of nitrogen compounds]. AB - In two experiments carried out with 280 broiler chickens, 20 to 30 days old, the authors studied the effect of a sudden and stage-like change-over from a diet with 20% of nitrogen compounds to a diet with 10% of nitrogen compounds. In both variants of the experiment there was a slowing down of the weight increment, increase of the adrenal weight, reduction of the weight of spleen, of Fabricius weight, heterophilia and lymphopenia. A stage-like change-over of the diet had a more moderate effect. In the activity of the liver enzymes amino transferases of aspartate, alanine and succine-dehydrogenase -the authors found a different character of the changes in both variants of the experiment. The reduction of nitrogen compounds in the diet of growing chickens causes also changes which are typical for an increased adrenocortical activity. PMID- 820034 TI - [Clinical examination of the blood of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) naturally infested with parasites]. AB - In six animals hunted and four immobilized animals of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) of both sexes and of different age, kept at three game preserves in Bohemia, the psychological values were ascertained: the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, the hemoglobin content, the hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, the white blood count, the total serum protein, the fractions: albumin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-globulin, the activity of SGOT, and SGPT, the alkaline phosphatase and the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the blood serum. The blood from the heart shortly after killing of the animal was examined, and in immobilized animals the blood was taken from the vena jugularis. In the red deer, a variable intensity of the polyvalent infection of parasites of the species Dictyocaulus viviparus, Bicalulus sagittatus, Fascioloides magna, Paramphistomum spec., Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, Nematodirus filicollis, Chabertia ovina, and Trichocephalus globulosa was found. In the immobilized deer no marked deviations were found in the examined values of blood that had been taken within 10 minutes after the calming of the animals. PMID- 820035 TI - [Clinical examination of the blood of wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) naturally infested with parasites following administration of anthelminthics]. AB - With 24 head of wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) of both sexes of the age of one to two years, kept in a game preserve and naturally infected with parasites of the species Mestastrongylus pudendotectus, M. elongatus, Ascarops strongylina, Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascaris suum, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichocephalus suis, Eimeria debliecki, and E. perminuta, three experiments were performed with feeds premedicated with anthelmintics: pyrantel tartrate + diethylcarbamazine tartrate (a dose of 25 + 50 mg kg-1 of live weight), Mebendazole 5 p. c. premix and Mebendazole 50 p. c. premix (doses of 10 mg kg-1 and 40 mg kg-1 of live weight) administered for three consecutive days. According to the results of the helminthological dissections the effectiveness of pyrantel tartrate + diethylcarbamazine tartrate reached from 58.1 to 100 p. c. compared with the different species of nematodes, Mebendazole 5 p.c. premix from 47.8 to 100 p. c., and Mebendazole 50 p. c. premix reached the effectiveness of 85.4 to 100 p.c with the mentioned therapeutic doses. The results obtained from a coprological investigation showed the effectiveness, in the case of pyrantel tartrate + diethylcarbamazine tartrate, of 99.2 and 70.65 p. c. on the sixth and fifteeenth day after application, in the case of Mebendazole 5 p. c. premix 94.4 and 79.41 p. c. on the tenth and twentieth day after application, and in the case of of Mebendazole 50 p. c. premix it amounted to 96.0 and 100 p. c. on the tenth and twentieth day after application. In 22 head of wild boars of the total number of examined animals the minimum, maximum, and average values of the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, of the hemoglobin content, of the hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, of the white blood count, of the protein total, of the fractions of albumin, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulin, of the activity of SGOT and SGPT, and of the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were determined. The investigation was performed in the shortest possible time after the killing of the animals. In the examined values no marked deviations in 48 hours were found after the application had finished compared with the values determined in non-treated animals. PMID- 820036 TI - [Blood picture of beagle dogs of Czechoslovak breeding]. AB - In this paper the individual values of the blood picture were determined in 60 dogs of the beagle breed of the age of one to two years, of the live weight of 15 18 kg, of Czechoslovak breeding, which were used for experimental purposes. It was found that in the examined group of dogs the different hematological parameters did not almost differ from the findings stated in various literary sources and that they corresponded fully to the standard values for dogs. PMID- 820037 TI - [Gains in body composition and total fat content in mice after administration of aurothioglucose with a limited amount of animal feed]. AB - We investigated the effect of a single application of aurothioglucose on the weight and fat content of mice in the case of a limited feed quantity. In the experiment we used 41 mice -- females of the "H" strain, of which 14 served as controls and 27 were experimental mice to which we applied aurothioglucose in the dose of 1 mg g-1 of liveweight, i. p. We found that, under the conditions of feeding a limited quantity of feeds, there occurs in the animals that had been injected with aurothioglucose a statistically significant increase of the weight gains and of the total quantity of fat compared with the control animals. PMID- 820038 TI - [Follow-up study on the hemostatic effect of the Vasolamin preparation in domestic animals]. AB - In this paper the haemocoagulative effect of the Vasolamin preparation was examined after intravenous application in cattle, sheep, and horses by means of tests. After a laboratory confirmation of the coagulative effect of the tested preparation we used it for the purpose of haemostasis in the clinical practice. After an administration of the preparation faster coagulation of the blood was observed in all examined animals. The setting in of the effect could be observed already after 5 minutes, the maximum effect was recorded between the 15th and 30th minutes after application, and the effect lasted, although gradually weakened, for one to two hours. In the case of bleeding clinical patients the application of Vasolamin was always successful. PMID- 820039 TI - [Effect of glucose and phenobarbital on the concentration of 11 hydroxycorticosteroids in the blood plasma of piglets]. AB - In piglets 18 to 30 days old, the authors studied the changes of the levels of plasmatic 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS), the overall content of cholesterol and blood glucose two hours after oral application of glucose or phenobarbital. A dose of 0.5 g of glucose per kg of weight did not affect the parameters in question as compared with the control group which received a physiological solution. A dose of 2 g of glucose per kg of bodyweight caused glycaemia two hours after administration and an non-significant increase of the 11-OHCS level. Phenobarbital, administered at the rate of 10 mg per kg of bodyweight, markedly reduced the 11-OHCS level in the blood plasma. The level of total cholesterol showed a slight decrease in all instances. The authors discuss the mechanisms causing the changes observed. It is suggested that the effect of phenobarbital could be used for moderating the negative effects of the raised glucocorticoid level in stress situations. PMID- 820041 TI - [Sarcosporidiosis of the myocardium in hoofed game]. AB - In a histological examination of the hearts of 290 head of hoofed game sarcosporidiosis was found in 34 p. c. of the investigated cases. In the European deer it was found in 11.1 p. c., in the Sika deer in 3.9 p. c., in the Virginia deer in 12.5 p. c. (eight investigated animals, of which one was positive), in fallow deer in 10.8 p. c., in roe-deer in 78.7 p. c., in moufflon in 28.2 p. c. and in chamois in 75 p. c. (four animals, three of which were positive). Pathological changes of the myocardium were found in approximately one sixth of the positive cases in roe-deer, and in the other species in single cases. This myocarditis was non-purulent without any more marked participation of eosinophils, and rarely there was fibroproduction in the course of a protracted inflammation of the myocardium. The morphological picture of the sarcosporidiosis of the myocardium of a strong degree excludes the possibility of such an invasion to remain without any unfavourable effect on the function of the potency of heart. PMID- 820040 TI - [Effect of tropical climate on the androgenic activity of various strains of bulls]. AB - By means of experiments the effect of a tropical climate on the androgenic activity of bulls expressed by the fructose level in the sperm was proved as well as a direct dependence of its concentration on the volume of the ejaculate and an indirect dependence on the density of spermatozoa. Besides this also its positive relation to the vitamin C level and to the polarographic and hemolytic activity of the sperm was proved. From the results obtained the conclusion has been drawn that the androgens affect the protein, vitamin and enzymic structures of the sperm. PMID- 820042 TI - [Anesthesia using piritramide and chlorpromazine in dogs]. AB - Piritramide with chlorpromazine in doses of 3 mg kg-1 of live weight causes total anesthesia the intensity of which differs according to the breed and condition of the individual. Anesthesia sets in in 30 to 45 minutes and lasts for 3/4 to 1 1/2 hour. During the anesthesia somatic temperature and frequency of pulse decrease, and even after 24 hours they do not reach the original values. In a majority of cases breathing frequency rises insignificantly, and after 2 to 3 hours it returns to the normal. In single cases there occurs an extreme increase of the number of respirations. The per minute breath volume in the various cases and measurings differs considerably. In the course of anesthesia there occurs an increase of glucose, a decrease of the total protein, an increase of the activity of GPT and GOT, a decrease of the numbers of erythrocytes, of haematocrit and haemoglobin, an increase of pCO2 of the blood, and a decrease of the actual pH of the blood. In the number of leucocytes no changes occurred. The changes in the BE were insignificant. All deviations, except the deviations of the pulse and of the temperature, return to the original values within 24 hours. In the ECG there occurred a fluctuation in the forming of emotions and changes of the amplitude values of the QRS group and of the T wave. In the EEG striking periodical complexes of slow waves were found or combinations of slow and rapid frequencies. PMID- 820043 TI - [Effect of gamma radiation on the blood count in chickens]. AB - Postirradiation changes were investigated in 58 days old chicken that had been exposed, in an open experimental gamma field, to a continuous irradiation with Co60 with a flow of 60 R per day for a period of 30 days. Hematological examination was carried out after the total exposure to 600 R, 780 R, 1020 R, 1500 R, and 1800 R. More pronounced changes were recorded in the white blood count and in the number of thrombocytes, whereas no significant changes were found in the number of erythrocytes even after 30 days' irradiation. Leucopenia was found to occur in the case of 780 R and more. A significant lymphopenia occurred only in the case of 600 R and 780 R. Basophils responded more sensitively than did eosinophils. A highly significant thrombocytopenia was ascertained in the case of the total exposure from 780 to 1800 R. Hemorrhage, as a symptom of postirradiation diathesis, was not found. PMID- 820044 TI - [Tasks of veterinary medicine in the prevention of food contamination]. PMID- 820045 TI - [Perspectives of organ, and meat examination in slaughtered animals with reference to the content of antibiotics]. AB - The possibilities of utilizing the optimum conditions for revealing growth inhibiting substances in the carcasses of slaughtered animals were studied. A "direct" method (Kucera, 1969, 1970; Forschner, 1962) was used and operationally simple and usable methods of its application were searched for. The strains of Bacilus subtilis 9/59, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus ATCC 6538, Bacilus cereus 4/58 were used for that diffusion method; the effect of sample size, duration of pre- diffusion, thickness and quality of agar, density and types of strains on the quality of zone were studied in renal and muscular tissue. The sample size did not affect, in a decisive manner, the quality of zone. On the other hand, the use of 18 hours old bouillon culture of the tester strain applied on agar with a swab was more advantageous than a swab smear from the plate culture. The duration of pre- diffusion and the application of ca. 1.4 mm thick agar had a significantly positive influence. Out of the three strains, Bacilus cereus proved the best catcher, Bacilus subtilis and Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus were less effective. PMID- 820046 TI - [Incidence of inhibitory substance-residues in meat and organs of slaughter calves fed with milk feed mixtures]. AB - From 1st January 1974 till 30th April 1975 the frequency of the occurrence of growth inhibiting substances in meat and organs of slaughter calves on milk feeding was studied. Meat and organs of 11 226 calves on milk feeding (the meat and organs were judged, after the veterinary inspection, as fit for concumption), of 189 emergency-slaughtered calves on milk feeding and of 751 forced- slaughtered calves were examined by means of a diffusion plate method with the tester stran B. subtilis (ATCC 6633); the method had been, on trial, introduced into State Veterinary Institutes. The positive findings in all groups studied considerably fluctuated and showed average values as follows: 6.3% --14.28% - 22.5%. At the same time, 71 clinically healthy calves were examined; they were slaughtered in the slaughter -- houses of M. meat processing plant after having been reared in a traditional way. In this group, all results concerning the examination of the presence of growth inhibiting substances were negative. PMID- 820047 TI - [Persistence of oxytetracycline residues in the organism of calves treated with Oxymykoin Spofa inj. ad us.vet]. AB - By means of two biological diffusion methods an oxytetracycline (OTC) content was determined in the tissues of nine calves treated with a single i. m. OTC dose in the quantity of 15 kg-1 body mass. The preparation used for the treatment was Oxymykoin Spofa inj. ad us. vet. For the testing 2 collection strains -- B. cereus var. mycoides (ATCC 11778) and B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) were employed. The method using spore suspensions of the above strains was more sensitive. OTC was quantitatively determined in the samples by reading the standard curves. By evaluation of the two methods the following results were obtained: 5 to 10 days post injection all calves were positive. 15 days after the administration one out of 3 calves was positive. 20 days following the injection both calves were negative. The most frequent residue occurrence was recorded at the injection site, then in the kidney and liver. Spleen lung and bone marrow were completely without any finding. Maximum concentrations were found in the samples from the injection sites and kidney. In the other organs and muscles (noninjection sites) many times lower concentrations were found. Culinary and technological treatment of positive meat and liver samples revealed that already 15 minutes' boiling destroyed the microbiologically active OTC residues; on the contrary, after roasting OTC inactivation in the samples was not that univocal. Freezing and salting are utterly insufficient for OTC inactivation. A preslaughter withdrawal time of 20 days is recommended for the preparation tested. PMID- 820048 TI - [Persistance of penicillin residues in the calf organism after parenteral therapeutical administration of the preparation penicillin G, procaine inj ad usum vet]. AB - By means of two biological diffusion methods a penicillin content in various calf tissues was determined. For the injections PROKAIN Penicillin G Spofa, inj. adusum vet., was used in a single dose of 25 000 i. u. kg-1 body mass. For the tests three collection strains -- B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341), and Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240) were used. A quantitative determination of penicillin in the samples was accomplished by reading from the standard curves. Sensitivities of the two methods were approximately the same; Micrococcus flavus proved most suitable of the microorganisms employed. At 2, 3, 5 and 20 post-treatment days both test animals were positive; at 10 days three out of four calves examined were positive, whereas at 15 days two out of three calves examined were positive. The residues were most frequently found in the liver, kidney and at the injection sites. Maximum detectable concentrations were at the injections sites, minimum ones in the bone marrow. In the musculature (noninjection site) a small quantity of penicillin was found up to 20 days after the application. Current culinary and technological treatment of positive meat and liver samples did not always suffice for complete inactivation of the penicillin residues. For the tested preparation, a preslaughter withdrawal time of 30 days is recommended. PMID- 820049 TI - [Persistance of streptomycin residues in the calf organism after parenteral therapeutic administration]. AB - Streptomycin concentrations were determined in various calf tissues after i. m. administration of Streptomycin sulphate preparation of Rumanian provenience in the dose of l g pro toto using the biological diffusion method according to Gartside (1960). Spore suspensions of B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) and B. cereus var. mycoides (ATCC 11778) strains were employed as test organisms. B. subtilis was able to reveal considerably more residues. Another method using vegetative forms of the above microorganisms proved unsuitable for the tests. Two, three, five and ten days after the injection both slaughtered calves were positive, at 15 days only one of the two calves examined was positive, whereas at 20 days both calves were negative. Of the individual samples predominant majority of the findings come from the liver and from the spot of injection; residue findings from other tissues (bile, peritoneal muscles) are only sporadic. Skeletal musculature was negative in all cases except for the site of injection. In the samples from the injection site antimicrobial resudue activity was demonstrated in two cases following 1 month of freezing at -15 to -20 degrees C. For the tested preparation, a preslaughter withdrawal time of 20 days is recommended. PMID- 820050 TI - [Residues of chloramphenicol in the calf organism following parenteral administration of the Czechoslovak preparation Chronicin inj]. AB - Using two biological methods the chloramphenicol content in various tissues of 11 calves aged 3--18 days was determined after a single-dose therapeutical administration of the Czechoslovak preparation of Chronicin inj. in the quantity of 12 mg kg-1 body mass. Of four test strains, solely Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240) strain proved suitable. Chloramphenicol was quantitatively determined by reading from transformed standard curves. An evalua tion of the two approximately equally sensitive methods yielded the following results: three days after the injection all calves were positive, at 5 and 10 days, one of three calves in each group was negativ similarly to both calves slaughtered 15 days post injection. The residues appeared most frequently in the liver, at the site of injection, and in the fore and hind musculature. Maximum detectable concentrations were recorded in the liver. Culinary and technological treatment of positive meat and liver samples revealed that 15 minutes' boiling and 30 minutes' roasting destroyed the microbiologically active chloramphenicol residues in the samples. Neither deep freezing nor salting was sufficient for residue inactivation, although in some samples a decrease in biological chloramphenicol activity by circa 20--30% was recorded. a preslaughter withdrawal time of 15 days is recommended. PMID- 820051 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbons in foodstuffs of animal origin and their effect on poultry meat and fat qualities]. AB - Test hens were administered oil solutions of chlorinated hydrocarbons of 1 ml every other day (DDT, lindane, and methoxychlor in a 2%, 1%, and 5% solution, respectively) during 15 weeks. Some indices of a biological meat quality were studied in the meat and liver of poultry killed after 5 and 15 weeks. All chlorinated hydrocarbons used did not change the melting point, setting point and saponification number of fat, the content of ash, proteins and fat in meat. All chlorinated hydrocarbons decreased, after 15 weeks' administration, the content of vitamin A in liver (by up to 25%), iodine number and levels of linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. The fat acid number dropped after the application of DDT and lindane, but it was raised after the application of methoxychlor. Methoxychlor increased, in a single case, the dry matter content after 15 weeks' application. It can be derived from the results that, after the application of chlorinated hydrocarbons, a biological value of poultry meat is decreased because the metabolism of fat and vitamin A in liver is likely to be affected. PMID- 820052 TI - Pathology of experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously or intraperitoneally with various numbers of Rickettsia rickettsii. Monkeys that were given more than 10(4) organisms intravenously died on days 3-6 after inoculation, whereas those given less than 10(3) intravenously or more than 10(4) intraperitoneally died on day 7 or later. There was no significant difference in incidence of lesions between the early- and late-death groups. Vasculitis and thrombosis occurred most frequently in the nares, pinna of the ear, scrotal skin, and testicle. Adrenal cortical necrosis was caused by capillary thrombosis. Rickettsiae, estimated by plaque formation in culture, were most numerous in the lung and spleen. PMID- 820053 TI - Bone structures in avian and mammalian lungs. AB - Ectopic bone was found in the interstitium of lungs of birds, guinea pigs and minks. There was no evidence of a relation between the ectopic bone and the occurrence of disease. PMID- 820054 TI - Techniques and applications of cell fusion and hybridisation: an introduction. AB - Techniques to produce interspecific hybrid cells, and the means to recognise them and to isolate clones of viable cells are described. Some applications are reviewed. PMID- 820055 TI - Diseases of guinea-pigs. AB - Information on diseases of guinea-pigs is generally available in research institutes and breeding establishments. When dealing with an individual patient it is tempting to extrapolate from this pool of information, without realising that a number of factors can affect the disease situation in a colony which need not apply to the individual animal kept as a pet--or vice versa. Thus diseases may appear as an explosive outbreak in a group of cavies kept under uniform conditions while a single animal may be exposed to amateur management (Townsend 1975) and suffer in consequence. The diseases generally encountered in this species are dealt with here as they appear clinically. PMID- 820056 TI - Diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle: a comparison of five serological tests under field conditions. AB - Sera from 775 adult milking cattle on 13 farms in Friesland and from 359 of the same cattle taken during the following year, were examined for evidence of infection with M johnei by the complement fixation, fluorescent antibody, haemagglutination, haemagglutination-lysis and immunodiffusion tests. Eighteen animals, not clinically affected but which had serologically positive tests were slaughtered and M johnei was isolated in cultures from 16. The fluorescent antibody test was as sensitive as the complement fixation test. The other tests were relatively insensitive and would only be of value as confirmatory tests in the presence of reactions to the first two tests. It is concluded that the use of the fluorescent antibody and the complement fixation test together was of value in detecting sub-clinical Mycobacterium johnei infection. PMID- 820057 TI - Separation of mouse epidermal basal and differentiating cells for microflow fluorometric measurements: a methodologic study. AB - The DNA content of lymphocytes and of basal cells from normal hairless mouse epidermis was measured by microflow fluorometry (MFF). To obtain a relatively pure suspension of epidermal basal cells a combined mechanical and enzymatic method was used. The admixture of differentiating cells into the basal cell fraction after cell separation was 13%. The results were compared with those obtained with conventional Feulgen microspectrophotometry applied to basal cells and dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections. The results from both cytophotometric methods were in good agreement and clearly demonstrated the improved resolution obtained by using microflow fluorometry. When the lymphocytes were not treated with pepsin before being stained with ethidium bromide for MFF, the modal DNA value was consistently below that of the basal cells from the same specimen. Pepsin treatment of lymphocytes, however, increased their fluorescence intensity to the value of epidermal basal cells. The modal DNA value of Feulgen stained dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections was consistently below that of epidermal basal cells from the same section. The advantage of pepsin treatment for obtaining higher resolution of DNA measurements of basal and differentiating epidermal cells and of lymphocytes was evaluated. The cell cycle distribution of basal cells from epidermis in different states of proliferative activity was determined. Changes in the proportion of cells in S phase were parallel to changes in the 3H-Tdr labeling index. PMID- 820058 TI - Inhibition of rat hepatocyte multiplication by serum and liver factors: physiological development and experimental induction. AB - Inhibition of the G1-S transition in synchronized baby rat hepatocytes was obtained by a subcutaneous injection of adult rat liver cytosol. This inhibitory activity was observed only with liver cytosol and not with kidney or spleen cytosol. The liver cell was a relatively specific target: no modifications were recorded in the kidney or submaxillary gland and inconsistant variations were found with tongue epithelium. The activity was associated with a non-dialysable factor. Physiological investigations support the opinion that the liver factor is the origin of the serum factor which had previously been described. Both factors were absent during the first three weeks of life. They appeared together during the 4th week in correlation with a decreasing rate of liver cell multiplication and then reached progressively their definitive adult levels. After 2/3 hepatectomy in adults, the liver cytosol retained its inhibitory activity, but the serum factor was reversibly neutralized by an antagonistic factor. Both inhibitory factors could be prematurely induced in baby rats and appeared transiently during the period of low mitotic activity following a wave of synchronized liver cells generated by an irritating stress. This inhibitory system is characteristic of the last developmental stages of the liver when growth decelerates before reaching a steady state. It seems to reduce the multiplication of hepatocytes by decreasing their sensitivity to stimuli initiating cell replication. PMID- 820059 TI - Resting and reactive macrophages in the developing cerebellum: an experimental ultrastructural study. AB - The whole heads of 6 days old rats were exposed to 150R of X-ray irradiation to induce cell-death in the external granular layer of the cerebellum. The animals were sacrificed in a developmental sequence, and the tissue obtained from the cerebellum was prepared for electron microscopy. On the basis of the cytological criteria established for the macrophages in the cerebellum of the normal animals, characteristics of the resting and reactive macrophages and their transformation from one state to the other in the experimental animals are described. In their reactive state the macrophages showed hypertrophic and nuclear changes which were found identical to those seen in the reactive microglial elements. Issues pertaining to the ultrastructural characteristics of the macrophages, their endogenous presence in the developing cerebellum, and their transformation into the microglia cells are discussed. PMID- 820060 TI - Gitter cells and their relationship to macrophages in the developing cerebellum: an electron microscopic study. AB - The whole heads of 6 days old rats were exposed to 150R of X-ray irradiation. The animals were sacrificed in a developmental sequence, and the tissue obtained from the cerebellum was prepared for electron microscopy. In the medullary layer of the cerebellum of normal animals resting macrophages could be identified. On the basis of the cytological criteria established in the control material transformation of resting macrophages into reactive macrophages was studied. They showed an increase in the cytoplasm, which acquired numerous vacuoles, and changes in the breakdown and distribution of the large clumps of heterochromatin in the nucleus. The former changes gave these cells a lattice-like appearance, and the latter changes an appearance identical to that of the reactive macrophages in the brains of the neonate animals and the reactive microglia in the adult brains. The transformed macrophages in the medullary layer were identified as gitter cells. Issues pertaining to the relationship between gitter cells, reactive phagocytic cells, and resting macrophages are discussed, and factors stimulating the resting macrophages are considered. PMID- 820062 TI - Cumulative indices of DNA synthesizing myocytes in different compartments of the working myocardium and conductive system of the rat's heart muscle following extensive left ventricle infarction. AB - Ten successive 3H-thymidine injections at 12 h intervals (which is a little shorter than the adult heart myocyte S phase) were performed for labeling of the majority of cardiac myocytes synthesizing DNA at any moment of such a 5 days experiment. In the hearts of control unoperated rats ten-fold repeated 3H thymidine administration results in labeling of 2-3% myocyte nuclei in both atria, ca. 1% of the specialized muscle cell nuclei in the atrioventricular conductive system, only occasional muscle cells being labeled in the working ventricular myocardium. When ten successive 3H-thymidine injections were made between the 5th and 10th days following extended left ventricle infarction, the percentage of labeled myocytes in left and right atria reaches, respectively, 51.4 +/- 4.4% and 34.7 +/- 3.6%. In the left ventricle labeled muscle nuclei are accumulated predominantly (9.3 +/- 2.1%) within the thin subepicardial layer of the surviving myofibers, while myofibers located in other perinecrotic areas contained only 1.3 +/- 0.5% labeled muscle nuclei. The number of these nuclei in the atrioventricular system remains at the level observed in control hearts (up to 2%), approaching closely the zero level in the working myocardium of both the ventricles and interventricular septum, located at the considerable distance from the infarcted region. When similar experiments with ten-fold repeated 3H thymidine injections were performed between 15th and 20th post-infarction days the number of labeled myocyte nuclei was found to be reduced 4-6 times in atria, being changed rather a little in the perinecrotic ventricular myocardium and in the specialized myocardium of the atrioventricular system. Some possible reasons of the observed differences in the proliferative behaviour of cardiac myocytes in terms of their topology and/or specialization are discussed. PMID- 820061 TI - Effects of alpha-amanitine on chromatin in regenerating rat hepatocytes: a biochemical and morphologic study. AB - Almost all the chromatin in nuclei of regenerating rat liver hepatocytes 15 h and particularly 24 h after partial hepatectomy appeared as decondensed chromatin. Treatment with alpha-amanitine induced a clear condensation of decondensed chromatin as early as 30 min after toxin injection. The degree of condensation increased further until, 2 h after poisoning, almost all the chromatin was found to be in condensed form. Because the synthesis of DNA, after toxin injection, was not modified during the first 2h and 30 min, our results indicate that the chromatin condensation did not affect the synthesis of DNA. In the present paper the relationships between the inhibition of RNA synthesis and the chromatin ultrastructural changes are also discussed. PMID- 820063 TI - Myopathy in rats treated with chlorphentermine or iprindole. AB - Muscular lesions were induced in rats by prolonged administration of chlorphentermine and iprindole. The alterations consisted of longitudinal fibre splitting, fibre degeneration and necrosis, and of formation of dense cytoplasmic inclusions and large cytoplasmic vacuoles. The soleus muscle was more severely affected than were extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, and lumbrical muscles. This myopathy closely resembles that induced by chloroquine. The pathogenesis of the muscular lesions, and causal relationship between myotoxic and lipidosis-inducing effects of the drugs under study remain to be elucidated. PMID- 820064 TI - Subendothelium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - The ultrastructure of the subendothelium of elastic arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats shows either thickening and cords of basement membrane-like material (carotid artery) or plates of condensed material of probably filamentous origin (aorta) suggesting that there might be two stages of the same process. The inner elastic lamina disrupts. The resulting changes in resistance might play a role in the maintenance of hypertension in genetically determined rats. PMID- 820065 TI - The classification and nomenclature of viruses. Summary of results of meetings of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in Madrid, September 1975. PMID- 820066 TI - Protein synthesis following infection of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum with the temperature virus SPI and its ts mutants. PMID- 820068 TI - [Growth hormone in the blood of patients after administration of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone]. PMID- 820067 TI - Potential test systems for chemotherapeutic agents against prostatic cancer. PMID- 820070 TI - [Long-term results of evacuation of the pericardial fluid using a catheterization method in patients on a long-term hemodialysis program]. PMID- 820069 TI - [Triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the blood of patients with thyroid diseases after oral administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)]. PMID- 820071 TI - [Glipizide a new oral antidiabetic agent (comprehensive review)]. PMID- 820072 TI - [Tumor cell ultrastructure]. AB - The ultrastructure of tumor cells, as compared with normal ones, was studied morphometrically. It was found that the relationship between the ergastoplasmic apparatus and polyribosomal one could serve as an objective criterion of the degree of differentiation of normal cells under study. Tumor cells did not differ from normal cells with regard to one system of organells being more highly developed than the other, but they did from the point of view of different relations between the protein-synthesizing and energetic apparatuses. Also, tumor cells were found to be less differentiated than normal, and more malignant tumors show no less differentiation than more benign ones. Tumor cells are likely to have their own trends of development that differ from the processes of normal cells differentiation. PMID- 820073 TI - [The genesis of experimental granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries]. AB - Ovaries and their tumors were investigated in virgin female mice (78 control and 252 experimental) of line A and CC57W (aged-from 1 to 1 1/2 months) in the experiments with intravaginal application of polyurethan, 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, 8-oxychinoline, synoestrol. It was demonstrated that only granulosa elements of atresic follicles are involved in the process of blastomogenesis. Theca-tissue showed no appreciable participation in proliferative processes. Totally, pretumor changes were noted in 56 cases, folliculomas or pathological changes morphologically identical to microfolliculomas- in 26 cases. PMID- 820074 TI - [The relationship between the activity of microsomal enzymes and pulmonary carcinogenesis in mice]. AB - Under study was the effect of phenobarbital, medinal and aminazine on the development of lung tumors in mice, as well as on the content of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes. Phenobarbital and medinal administration resulted in a 2 8 fold increase in cytochrome P-450 amount. Aminazine would reduce the latter but insignificantly. The number of urethan induced lung adenomas in mice was reduced by 64 per cent in phenobarbital exposure while medinal yielded only the decrease by 25-44 per cent. Aminazine failed to effect urethan carcinogenesis. Medinal would also suppress the development of DMBA induced lung tumors in mice by 34 per cent, but MC-by 50 per cent. PMID- 820075 TI - [The influence of thyroid and antithyroid preparations on the development of induced breast cancer]. AB - Research Institute of Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Khar'kov It was shown that realization of a neoplastic process in the breast is determined, in particular, by the chemical structure of agents employed and their dosage. So 1 thyroxine, depending on the dosage used, may stimulate the development of tumor process in mammary glands, but exert no influence on it (an effect of "the effect extinction"), and finely suppress tumor development. Among the determining factors the activity of thyreotropic function of the hypophysis and a concentration of an albumin bound form of thyroxine in blood are of special importance. PMID- 820076 TI - [Study of the toxic effects of strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from domestic grain products]. AB - In tests conducted on albino rats the toxic action of extracts obtained from pure cultures of 16 As. flavus strains isolated from Soviet-grown cereals was studied. Toxic effect displayed metabolites of one Aspargillus flavus strain which provoked in test animals pathomorphological alterations in the liver characteristic of aflatoxicosis. PMID- 820077 TI - Radioelectroimmunoassay of anti-D immunoglobulin on agarose plates containing whole red cells. AB - By incorporating whole Rh(+) red cells in an agarose plate and adding a small amount of purified 125I anti-D immunoglobulin as a tracer to standards and samples, a radioelectroimmunoassay (REIA) of anti-D immunoglobulin was possible. The results by this method agree with those obtained by the direct method. The coefficient of variation (within plate precision) is less than 9% and the reproducibility is 12% (coefficient of variation for a plasma sample assayed on six occasions during 1 month). The International anti-D serum was compared with the WHO standard preparation 68/419 on five occasions and found to contain 11; 11; 10; 9 and 11 mug per ampoule. PMID- 820078 TI - Bombay (Oh) blood in a Sudanese family. AB - Two examples of Bombay Oh blood were found in siblings of a Sudanese family. They belong to a tribe of Arab and Negro extraction. This is the first report of this rare blood group in people of Arab or Negro origin. PMID- 820079 TI - [Evaluation of the postvaccination level of influenza antibodies by means of the radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition reactions]. AB - Comparative data on the antibody levels obtained by the radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition tests were studied. The possibility of using the radial immunodiffusion test for evaluation of the level of influenza antibody in human sera was confirmed. Because this method has comparatively low sensitivity (positive results were obtained only with sera having angihemagglutinin titers of 1:80 or higher), it may have only a limited use in studies of immunogenic activity of live influenza vaccines. PMID- 820080 TI - [Secretory type and the X-sex chromatin characteristics of persons with peptic ulcer]. AB - Blood groups according to ABO and Rh systems were tested in 137 ulcer patients as well as the secretory state. The titre of blood group ABH antigens was determined in the same patients, secreted in saliva and gastric juice. The results are compared with those obtained from the examination of a control group of 30 clinically healthy subjects. X-sex chromatin in the cells of biopsy mucosa was examined in 40 ulcer patients, taken from the ulcer area after gastroscopy. As a control, X-sex chromatin was studied in smears from exfoliated oral mucosa in the same subjects. The data confirm the presence of genetic predisposition to ulcer disease development in subjects from blood group O (alpha, beta) and non secretory type. Low titres of blood group antigens were found in the secretory patients. Differences in X-sex chromating characteristics were observed between bucal mucosa and the mucosa from the ulcer area. PMID- 820081 TI - [Thalassemic syndromes and abnormal hemoglobulins among surgical and trauma patients]. AB - Hemoglobin profile was studied in 201 surgical and traumatic patients. The data reveal a considerable incidence of thalassemic syndrome among them (3,98 per cent). The surgical and traumatic diseases did not affect significantly the hematological state (f the carriers of thalassemic gene observed. The described heterozygote of HbS is of a special interest for the surgical practice. The clinical manifestation with such localization in heterozygotic carriers is extremely rare. In this case the hematological diagnosis elucidates the pathogenesis of the aseptic necrosis of the hip joint. The eventual surgical intervention among such patients puts forward a series of problems as regards preoperation treatment, anesthesia and advisability of the surgical treatment. The necessity of intensified attention in the diagnosis of certain "ideopathic" diseases is stressed upon, in view of the incidence of hemoglobin defects and the associated with them versatile symptomatics. PMID- 820083 TI - [Hospital infection by e coli 0111: b4 and pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - An endemic hospital infection caused by E. coli 0111:B4 together with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in a county hospital over the period October 1973 till January 1974, which could not be brought under control by routine preventive measures against cross-infections established on the wards. By hospital sanitary examinations the waste water in the sinks and the hand-basins in some rooms of the newborn nursing wards were identified as sources. Their elimination by taking apart the sinks and placing the detached parts in 4% formalin solution for 2 hours, as well as disinfecting the basins also with a 4% formalin solution for 24 hours terminated the hospital infection. Some sporadic carriers of E. coli 0111:B4 among the newborn infants of the involved wards had been previously identified and could also be traced subsequently; hence, it may be concluded that the introduction of E. coli 0111:B4, which seems to be endemic in Vorarlberg, was due to patients or personnel. Voluntary submission to control investigations of the stool and appropirate treatment of the entire staff, involved in the infection, with strict routine surveillance of hand disinfection prior to washing seem to be justified by the successful results of these procedures. High risk of infection in newborn infants and babies, the special situation of an intensive care unit, as well as the combined appearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteritis coli from a source as an additional complication were the causes of this hospital infection. PMID- 820084 TI - [Cynarin in the modern management of hyperlipemia]. PMID- 820085 TI - [Effect of oral solcoseryl administration on liver metabolism in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 820086 TI - Food and nutrition strategies in national development. Ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition. PMID- 820088 TI - Enhancement of microsomal aniline and acetanilide hydroxylation by haemoglobin. AB - 1. Haemogloblin and myoglobin enhance rat liver microsomal p-hydroxylation of aniline and acetanilide. Microsomal N-demethylation of ethylmorphine and aminopyrine is not increased by haemoproteins. 2. The enhancement of microsomal p hydroxylation is maximal at high substrate concentration and high haeme compound concentration. 3. Detergent-purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, free flavins and manganese ions considerably increase the haemoglobin-mediated, tissue-free hydroxylation of aniline. Microsomal aniline hydroxylation is not enhanced by haeme, ferric ion or albumin. 4 Catalase and cyanide ions are powerful inhibitors of haemoglobin-mediated aniline hydroxylation both in the presence and absence of tissue. Carbon monoxide inhibits the hydroxylase activity of the tissue-free system to a smaller extent than that of a system containing microsomes plus haemoglobin whereas p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibits only the flavoprotein dependent hydroxylation of aniline mediated by haemoglobin. 5. Several possibilities of interactions between substrate, microsomes and haeme compounds are proposed. PMID- 820087 TI - Some phenolic metabolites of 2, 4-diaminotoluene in the rabbit, rat and guinea pig. AB - 1. After administration of 2,4-diaminotoluene to rabbits, rats and guinea-pigs, phenolic metabolites are excreted, the major component being 5-hydroxy-2,4 diaminotoluene in all species investigated. Acetylated aminophenols and glucuronide conjugates were also found. 2. Rabbits, which produced the largest amounts of free amino-phenols, also had the highest levels of methaemoglobin in vivo. PMID- 820082 TI - Male hypogonadism. PMID- 820089 TI - [Directed measures for the rehabilitation of functional capacity and assessment of work capacity in cardiovascular diseases from the viewpoint of an ambulatory active physician]. PMID- 820090 TI - [The mental situation of chronic typhus and paratyphus carriers]. PMID- 820091 TI - [Oxygen, carbohydrate and fat metabolism of the splanchnic region under the influence of equimolecular parenteral doses of glucose and fructose]. AB - Hepatic metabolic balances derived from arterio-hepatic venous substrate differences and hepatic blood flow exhibited similar results during fructose and glucose infusion (10 g/5 min, 0.5 g/kg X h) as compared to those from the isolated perfused organ. Accordingly, in account of hepatic utilization of fructose glucose homeostasis and secretion maintained during fructose infusion. However, the smaller insulin response during fructose infusion did not reduce hepatic free fatty acid utilization to such an extend as to increase pyruvate oxydation. Thus, splanchnic production of lactate and pyruvate descending from fructose was enhanced leading to a 7-fold increase of arterial lactate concentration. Since hepatic venous lactate to pyruvate substrate ratios did not change, the rise of the arterial redox couple could not be due to hepatic fructose metabolism. According to the findings from the isolated perfused organ, fructose seemed to be phosphorylated at a rate which was found to be 2-3-fold that of glucose as calculated from splanchnic utilization rates. The rapid ATP breakdown was followed by an increment in splanchnic oxygen consumption. The larger energy demand during fructose infusion seemed to be satisfied by an enhanced endoxydation of free fatty acids. PMID- 820092 TI - [Influence of parenteral fructose or glucose administration on uric acid formation and phosphate uptake of the human liver]. AB - 15 min. after intravenous administration of fructose (10 g/5 min, 0,5 g/kg/h) the hepatic uric acid production in healthy volunteers increased from 0,07 mg/100 g X min to 0,52 mg/100 g X min. After one hour the enhanced uric acid production was 0,3 mg 100 g X min. The enhanced uric acid production was accompanied by an increased hepatic phosphate uptake. The highest value was 13 mumol/100 g X min. During the control period the liver released small amounts of phosphate into the hepatic vein. The increased hepatic uric acid output correlated with an enhanced renal clearance, therefore the peripheral venous uric acid concentrations remained unchanged. PMID- 820094 TI - [Significance of trace elements within the scope of parenteral feeding as illustrated on the example of the elements copper, zinc and chromium]. AB - Biochemical function and biological significance of Cu, Zn and Cr are reviewed briefly. During a longterm perenteral nutrition a depletion of the organism of copper and zinc is to be expected. Therefore, in parenteral nutrition, an early substitution of zinc seems to be usefull. Up to now a similar recommendation for copper cannot be given. As many infusion solutions are contaminated with chromium, there is no need to substitute this element in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 820093 TI - [Zinc and magnesium balance in long-term infusion of carbohydrates in healthy subjects]. AB - According to their physiological importance magnesium and zinc have to be infused during complete parenteral nutrition. 8 male volunteers obtained a continous infusion of a solution of carbohydrates combined with amino acids over a period of 12 hours. In this period 18-24 mval Mg and 9-12 mg Zn were infused. In another experiment 7-10 vmal Mg were applicated, but no zinc. Magnesium and zinc concentrations in serum and urine were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results gained in this period showed a positive balance with the applicated amounts of magnseium and zinc. The excretion of both elements in urine were extremely high while no significant changes in serum concentration were detectable. In our opinion the infusion rate could be reduced especially for zinc. PMID- 820095 TI - [Carbohydrate administration and electrolyte balance in patients under intensive care]. AB - A twenty-four percent solution of carbohydrates 0.2 g/kg/h consisting of fructose, xylit and glucose in a 2:1:1 ratio and an aminoacid solution 0.03 g/kg/h were given to 13 patients of the internal medicine intensive care unit. There was an unimportant loss of carbohydrates, only, with but few exceptions, i.e. a loss of 11% in 3 patients. The results demonstrate that the carbohydrates of the combined solution become utilized independent of each other. The balance of water, sodium, potassium and magnesium were not only negative but also positive. The elimination of calcium was between 1-19 mval/24 h, of phosphate between 0.6-8.7 mval/24 h. PMID- 820097 TI - [Principles for the state control of oral vaccines against bacterial intestinal infections]. PMID- 820096 TI - [Behavior of the metabolism in gastric patients during a 4-day-long postoperative complete parenteral feeding with amino acids and a glucose-levulose-xylitol combination solution]. AB - In a clinical study we tested the following parameters: free fatty acids, beta hydroxybutyrate, acid-base-balance, lactate, bilirubin, uric-acid, fructose, xylitole, glucose in blood and urine. The tests were executed in 9 patients who were undergoing stomac operations. The cardio pulmonary system of all patients was normal, and there was a homeostasis in water and electrolytes preoperatively. In combination with the amino-acids we received a ratio of 1:1:1 for glucose, levulose and xylitole. Totally, the patients received 0.36 g per kg body weight and per hour of carbohydrates. Beta-hydroxybutyrate, aceto-acetat, and free fatty acids show normal values under conditions of parenteral nutrition as well as lactate, uric acid, and acid-base-balance. The ratio of the different carbohydrates in serum and urine prove that the infusion time and volume were extremely favourable. The loss of carbohydrates in urine was very low. PMID- 820098 TI - [Influence of the conservative cholelitholytic therapy using chenodesoxycholic acid (CDC) on cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of patients with gall stones]. AB - In 11 patients with radiolucent gallstones treated for 3-18 months with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured. No significant changes of serum cholesterol and triglycerides could be observed during the course of longterm treatment with CDC. After 3 and 6 months a not significant decrease of serum triglycerides (20.8% and 26.4% respectively) compared to pretreatment values was observed. Since hypercholesterolemia had been suggested to occur as a hazardous side-effect of CDC-treatment the results in accord with cholesterol pool size measurements suggest that long-term treatment with CDC does not result in hypercholesterolemia and an increased cholesterol pool-size. PMID- 820099 TI - [Methionine adenosyltransferase and transmethylation in fetal and neonatal lung of the human, monkey, and rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 820100 TI - [Exacerbation of bullous pemphigold through treatment with high-energy radiation (radiocobalt and betatron irradiation). 2 clinical cases)]. PMID- 820101 TI - Antibody assay for adenoviruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae by the platelet aggregation test. AB - The practicability of the platelet aggregation test (PAT) in routine antibody assays for adenoviruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is demonstrated. An increase in reliability and sensitivity was achieved by employment of EDTA for washing the platelet and by addition of albumin to the test medium. Various lots of platelets yielded reproducible PAT titres which attained 1 : 156,250 in positive patient's sera. Commercially available antigens assigned for complement-fixation (CF) tests proved to be appropriate for the PAT. Checkerboard titrations revealed that the platelet reactivity of immune complexes formed was maintained in a range of up to 625-fold alterations of the antibody: antigen ratio. The fact that PAT and CF titres did not always correlate is interpreted as being due to the differences between complement-fixing and platelet reactivities of various immunoglobulin classes. PMID- 820103 TI - [Nitroglycerin in the therapy of coronary insufficiency and heart failure]. AB - In the treatment of angina pectoris nitroglycerin is still the most important drug. Its mechanism of action is described in reference to the lowering of preload and afterload as well as to the question of redistribution of regional myocardial blood flow. It is shown that after oral administration of issosorbide dinitrate effects on myocardial ischemia and left ventricular filling pressure can be seen lasting over more than four hours. In the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure nitroglycerin can be used with favourable results and without undesired side effects if the hemodynamic is carefully observed. Under these conditions the intravenous infusion seems the most appropriate way of administration. PMID- 820102 TI - [Effect of protamine sulphate on erythrocyte agglutination by anti-rh antisera. Cause of time-dependence (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of protamine sulphate on Rh antisera causes agglutination also in saline milieu and is time-dependent. Synchronous to the serologically demonstrable decrease of the protamine concentration a normalization of the immunoelectrophoretic picture (especially of the albumin arc) and a decline of the precipitate formation by heparin occur. These effects are based on enzymatic degradation of protamine by a protaminolytic enzyme contained in human serum. This enzyme could not be inhibited by sodium fluoride, sodium azide, ammonium oxalate, EDTA or alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl to a serologically desired degree. The change of the behaviour with regard to agglutination of human erythrocytes in the system Rh antibody - protamine sulphate results primarily from blocking acid groups on the erythrocyte surface and not from chemical modification of IgG antibodies. In this system protamine sulphate leads to the formation of agglutinates but it does not represent an obligate constituent of the formed agglutinate. PMID- 820104 TI - [Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic prolonged nitrate effect during frequency load in coronary disease]. AB - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic analysis during rapid right atrial stimulation was performed before and one, two, and four hours after oral application of longacting nitroglycerin (5 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg) in 11 and 9 patients, respectively with coronary heart disease. Atrial stimulation without nitrate induced significant ischemic ST segment depression. Cardiac output showed a small decrease and the mean arterial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary wedge pressure increased. Isosorbide dinitrate reduced the ischemic reaction by 40% from the first to the fourth hour after application. Cardiac output, stroke volume, aterial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary wedge pressure also decreased continuously. Nitroglycerin caused a similar reduction of ischemic ST segment depression for two hours. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure decreased significantly. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged. It was concluded that the applied dose of isosorbide dinitrate showed a more extensive longacting effect. PMID- 820105 TI - [Effect of minoxidil on blood pressure during rest and exertion in severe arterial hypertension. Results of telemetric intra-arterial long-term measurements]. PMID- 820106 TI - [Bone-marrow preservation without loss of vitality]. PMID- 820107 TI - [Antibody-like activity of monoclonic IgM-paraprotein against roentgen contrast media, containing 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic groups]. PMID- 820108 TI - [Antibody specificity of monoclonal cold agglutinins]. PMID- 820109 TI - [Special indications for permanent atrial stimulation]. PMID- 820110 TI - [Quantitative long-term control of cardiac therapy using minimum cardiac transit times]. PMID- 820112 TI - [Results of an ambulatory long-term therapy in patients with global respiratory insufficiency due to the obstructive syndrome]. PMID- 820111 TI - [Immediate effect of furosemide on the hemodynamics of post-infarct patients during rest and under ergometric stress. A comparison with the effect of nitroglycerin]. PMID- 820113 TI - [Leucocyte substitution in patients susceptible to infection]. PMID- 820114 TI - [Therapy of acute pancreatitis using long-term peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 820115 TI - [Comparative studies on plasma membrane proteins in human kidneys and hypernephroid kidney carcinoma]. PMID- 820117 TI - [Functional early and long-term results in thrombolytic therapy of deep pelvic vein thrombosis]. PMID- 820116 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis in experimental animals and man. PMID- 820118 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of Waldenstrom's disease and H-chain diseases]. PMID- 820119 TI - [Oral and parenteral therapy with essential amino acids in chronic kidney failure of varying degrees]. PMID- 820120 TI - [Dialysis-induced heart and circulatory changes in normo- and hypervolemic chronic dialysis patients]. PMID- 820121 TI - [Diagnostic value of the oxidase reaction in the culture diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 820122 TI - Multiple forms of soluble monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.14.18.1) from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). AB - Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a soluble phenoloxidase from potatoes (var. Maritta) revealed 17 multiple forms with activity towards dopa and almost all other o-diphenols tested, but only 5 of the forms reacted with monophenols. Isoelectric focusing of the crude enzyme resulted in 2 main peaks with activity towards dopa, having isoelectric points at pH ranges 4.0-4.7 and 5.1-5.4: smaller amounts of the enzyme at higher pI values were also detected. When activity peaks were controlled by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all bands previously detected by electrophoresis of the crude enzyme were recovered, but all peaks were electrophoretically heterogeneous. Gel chromatography of the crude enzyme showed different molecular forms. Their molecular weights indicated monomer, dimer, tetramer, octamer and polymer (at least hexadecamer) forms with a monomer molecular weight of about 36000. PMID- 820123 TI - [Total count and bacterial flora of minced meat with special reference to enterobacteria and pseudomonads (author's transl)]. AB - The bacterial flora of minced meat is dominated by Micrococcaceae. In addition lactobacilli, pseudomonads, and enterobacteria are present in high numbers. The most important groups of spoiled meat are lactobacilli and pseudomonads. Enterobacteria develop predominantly at higher spoilage temperatures (15 degrees C). A more detailed study was conducted on 1076 cultures of enterobacteria and 915 cultures of pseudomonads. The main groups of enterobacteria found on minced meat are Enterobacter liquefacines, Erwinia, Citrobacter and Klebsiella. In spoiled meat E. liquefaciens and Erwinia predominate. Basicly, however, the enterobacteria flora of fresh and spoiled meat is rather similar. The same applies to the pseudomonads flora which at a rate of 60-70% consists of Pseudomonads fragi. The total count of minced meat is subject to large variations. PMID- 820124 TI - [Microbes from soya beans. Inhibition of growth by lipoxygenase isoenzyme]. AB - Sixteen fungi and fife bacteria were isolated from soya beans and their species were determined. The microorganisms were cultivated on soya flour agar plates sterilized by heat. After addition of an enriched lipoxigenase preparation the growth was followed. The fungi but not the bacteria were all, to a varying degree, inhibited. Obviously the lipoxygenase peroxidizes the substrates occuring in the soya flour to compounds that inhibit the growth of the fungi. PMID- 820125 TI - [Long-term studies after transplantation of isolated islands of Langerhans in diabetic rats. I]. PMID- 820127 TI - [Release by agitation of constituents from cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Communication: Serology]. PMID- 820128 TI - [Release by agitation of constituents from cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Communication: Biochemistry of released components]. PMID- 820126 TI - [Tube as a feeding fistula]. PMID- 820130 TI - [Use of nekal BX for pretreatment of clinical material before culture to diagnose tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, also detergents have been proposed for use in the pretreatment of clinical material for cultural demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of such substances is the anionic detergent. Neckal BX (diisobutyl naphthaline sulphonate) which in combination with 0.5% sodium hydroxide, is capable of homogenization and decontamination of the material within 16-18 h of action. At the same time, the mycobacteria are accumulated in the sediment by precipitation in the presence of barium, calcium, and phosphate ions. The results obtained by the new method were compared with those obtained by the sulphuric acid method, in a paralles study of samples of sputum, gastric juice, and faeces and a second one of sputum samples only. By using two different formulas for reagents (Table 1), the mycobacterial isolation rate was shown to be dependent upon the concentration of the precipitant. By the following criteria, the Nekal method was superior over pretreatment with sulphuric acid: 1. The reduction of the number of contaminated was obvious in the cases of sputum and gastric juice samples and significant for sputum samples. (Tables 2-7). 2. Using Nekal BX, 31 out of 616 sputum samples were found to be positive; using sulphuric acid, their number was only 22. This difference was found to be statistically significant. The additional yield came primarily from material containing only few mycobacteria and samples which could not be assessed because of contamination present after pretreatment with sulphuric acid (Table 8). The average period which passed until reading of the cultures was approximately the same: 4.2 weeks for sulphuric acid and 4.4 weeks for Nekal (Table 9). When applying the new method, the material admits of mechanical shaking and need not be centrifuged. No strict control of the period of action is required. Taking into account these operational advantages, the Nekal method is considered particulary suitable for laboratories receiving high numbers of samples. PMID- 820129 TI - [Release by agitation of constituents from cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. III. Communication: Electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - A thermovariable inhibition of agglutination (EA) was demonstrated in two randomly chosen strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (table 1, article I). The temperature range from the loss of agglutinability to its recovery was as described in previous articles (II). The agglutination patterns were similar to those of the O-group-type strains 1 and 4, indicating that the IA is a widespread property among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Shaking at moderate intensities for 20-60 hours restored the thermosensitive agglutinability (Table 2, article I), and the times necessary for restoration were somewhate dependent on the specific culture media and the strains used (table3, article I). After restoration of agglutinability the bacteria had maintained their capability to form stable suspensions in physiological saline solution (table 2, article I). Another treatment at elevated temperature did not result in an IA (table 5c, article I). During the shaking the pelleted bacteria did no longer exhibit their normal slimy stickiness, similar to what has been observed after treatment with hyaluronidase (17). When the shaking was continued after restoration of agglutinability a special serological phenomenon ("Rauh-Phanomen," cf. table 5b in article I) was noted. Suspension of the bacteria in physiological saline for 7 days did not result in the recovery from the thermovariable IA (table 4, article 1). The secondary forms of the agglutinates were similar to those of Enterobacteriaceae, the typical primary form of the agglutination into slimy networks and spheres was not observed upon the restoration of agglutinability. The hypothesis that loosely bound surface components are responsible for the thermovariable IA was examined by chemical analyses of the fractionated supernatants obtained during the shaking treatments. The first supernatant fractions obtained after relatively brief shaking periods exhibited a high viscosity, in contrast to the low viscosity of supernatants harvested later. Total acetone-precipitable material from the supernatants contained lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, however, at different ratios (tables 1, 2, 3, article II). The amounts of lipids recovered from the supernatants were similar in all fractions during the shaking treatment, whereas protein-carbohydrate complex material was maximal in the first fractions and significantly decreased in fractions harvested later (table 1 and 2, article II). The data indicated, that the restored agglutinability at elevated temperatures and the maintained suspensibility in physiological saline was due to the removal of a limited amount of material from the most superficial layer of the bacterial wall; however in the continuous presence of the cell membrane and perhaps also of the internal cell wall layers (see also 8). This concept was examined by electron microscopy. The morphology of the native bacteria is illustrated in figures 1-3 (article III)... PMID- 820131 TI - [Studies on the possibility of fertility prognosis in young bulls during rearing]. PMID- 820132 TI - [The functional residual capacity and helium mixing time in healthy horses and horses with lung diseases]. PMID- 820133 TI - Studies on glucose and insulin levels in the blood of normal and diabetic dogs: exploratory investigation. PMID- 820134 TI - Effect of a stroma-free haemoglobin solution on the urinary excretion of non haemoglobin protein in dogs. PMID- 820135 TI - Fetal renal oxalosis due to feeding oxalic acid to pregnant ewes. PMID- 820136 TI - [Lentigo-like proliferations of the teat epithelium in the dog]. PMID- 820137 TI - [Individual bonds between cattle]. PMID- 820138 TI - Meningioma-en-plaque and hyperostosis in a cat. PMID- 820139 TI - Methods of isolation, purification and quantitation of bovine immunoglobulins: a technical review. PMID- 820140 TI - Niche, habitat, and related ecological concepts. PMID- 820142 TI - [Regulating and limiting factors in evolution]. AB - It is shown in a literature review, that in the Typostrophic Theory autonomous mechnisms in the organism are considered as the factors which play a decisive role in orienting and controlling the evolutionary process. Selection is a controlling factor of only minor importance. The synthetic Theory, on the other side, says that phylogenetic changes are not random or controlled by "internal factors" but can always be considered as adaptive remodellings. They are achieved by selection acting on the variation within populations. Ecological, historical and "bautechnische" (fabricational) factors are considered as limiting mechanisms in the evolutionary process. They are discussed in detail in the text. PMID- 820141 TI - On the theories of gene regulation and differentiation in eukaryotes. PMID- 820143 TI - F.J.J. Buytendijk's contribution to animal behaviour: animal psychology or ethology? PMID- 820144 TI - The evolution of the cooperative group. AB - A simple model, illustrating the transition from a population of free swimming, solitary cells (Chlamydomonas-type) to one consisting of small colonies (Gonium type) serves as a basis to discuss the evolution of the cooperative group. The transition is the result of a mutation of the dynamics of cell division, delayed cell separation leads to colonies of four cells. With this mutation cooperative features appear, such as synchronised cell divisions within colonies and coordinated flagellar function which enables the colony to swim in definite directions. The selective advantages under given, environmental conditions are defined and the periods necessary for complete allelic replacement in small populations are calculated for asexual and sexual reproduction. The assumption of a steady-state population during allelic substitution is critically considered, particularly under conditions of competition. It is shown that density-dependent population control must operate in the process of selection, Sexual reproduction slows down the rate of selection even though all cells are haploid. This phenomenon can be explained in general terms of "organizational dominance', where individual units coordinate the function of their neighbours which may be of a different allelotype. Cooperativity is pointed out as an a priori systemic feature which resides in the sub-units of systems, group formation and coordination appears thus as an almost inevitable event. A particular type of system described as 'closed cycle of positive fitness interaction' is discussed in more detail. It has the remarkable feature that its members cannot compete with each other; selection takes place between whole cycles (in analogy to Eigen's 1971 model). Gonium has a wide spectrum of 'somatic plasticity' which enables it to assume various colonial configurations depending on physiological and environmental conditions. This feature can be explained as the result of dynamic flexibilities on the macro-molecular level. The particular relationship between the vast, molecular complexity and the relative simple dynamics of the cell cycle must lead eventually to the genetic fixation of an environmentally induced phenotype. PMID- 820146 TI - [Concept of extended resuscitation in general national defense]. AB - This concept include of possibility applications of different kinds of liquids for infusion and transfusion of blood in planning and protruding places out of the medical institutions. In such a way the early reanimaton will be giving by assistance the professional persons at direct neaness the place of violation. For its realization use to foresee different protruding places in form of depot as like the professional team with strait speciality persons only for this purpose. Besides the medical persons will be existing the educational persons are taken from the factories, institutions and working collectives. In a such a way the corresponding persons will be able to increase in number as circumstances require. Like this the work of protruding reanimation will be effective. For practical use of this concept it is necessary to ensure depots and localize it correctly. For these rooms can be of service the existing buildings with opportunely location and the other natural caves, chelters and like that. In these depots there necessary eaquipage and in this case it will make possible correct work of protruding reanimation. Besides the medical persons it should include the ther persons from the factories, institutions and the working collectives. PMID- 820145 TI - Positional information in the amphibian limb. AB - (1) The concept of positional information is applied to a large amount of data obtained previously in experiments on developing and regenerating amphibian limbs. Only the proximo-distal axis of the limb is considered. It is shown that the concept provides a simple, unitary hypothesis which satisfactorily accounts for the experimental data, and may moreover suggest meaningful new approaches. (2) It is suggested that the boundaries of the bipolar limb system lie in the girdle skeleton and at the distal end of the limb, respectively, and that it is the apical epidermis of the growing or regenerating limb which defines the distal boundary conditions. A relatively stable gradient of positional information is assumed to be set up in the mesoderm (or mesenchyme). It is further shown that the differentiated limb retains its positional information and upon amputation imparts it to the base of the blastema. (3) To explain an apparent discrepancy between the developing and the regenerating limb, it is proposed that dedifferentiation of mesodermal limb tissues upon amputation entails a change os positional value in the mesenchyme. Consequently, the amputation level does not once and for all specify the positional value at the proximal end of a mass of blastemal mesenchyme, particularly when the mesenchyme is transplanted in such a way that its linear size decreases (regression) or increases (furion of several blastemas). PMID- 820147 TI - [Injuries of the central nervous system by firearms]. PMID- 820148 TI - Cyclic exfoliation of the endocervical epithelium in the bonnet macaque. PMID- 820149 TI - Transplantation of isologous islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats. AB - Isologous isolated islets of Langerhans were transplanted into the peritoneum and, via the portal vein, into the liver of diabetic rats. In both groups almost normal blood glucose and serum insulin levels were achieved for a period of three months. Glucose tolerance tests were markedly improved. Morphological examination of the transplanted islets and immunohistochemical tests for insulin and glucagon showed the liver to be a more suitable site for islet grafting than the peritoneum. PMID- 820150 TI - Possible regulation on carbohydrate metabolism exerted by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity ratio during Bufo bufo development. PMID- 820151 TI - Endocrine control of amphibian oocyte metabolism. PMID- 820152 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on thyrotrophin and prolactin plasma levels in rats. AB - In the present study the influence of dexamethasone treatment of rats on the basal values of thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) and the response of both hormones to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) has been investigated. Male rats were given 100 mug of dexamethasone/rat for 8 days at the same time of day. Four hours after the last administration of dexamethasone 200 ng or 100 mug of TRH/rat was injected ip. Blood was collected 10 min later by decapitation. TSH and PRL were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using the NIAMD kits. The basal and TRH stimulated values of PRL in plasma were significantly lower in dexamethasone treated rats than in controls (P less than 0.01). The basal TSH levels in the treated animals were also lowered (P less than 0.05). After 200 ng TRH/rat the increase in TSH was not as high in both groups than after the administration of 100 mug/rat. There was no significant difference between the response of TSH to TRH in the dexamethasone treated and the control rats. The different effects of dexamethasone on PRL and TSH release after TRH may give a further insight into the different regulating mechanisms of both hormones in rats. PMID- 820153 TI - Hemopoietic recovery in bone marrow of lethally irradiated rats following parabiosis. I. Granulopoiesis. AB - Aplasia was induced in rats by total body irradiation. Three days later, the animal was conjugated by aortic anastomoses with a healthy untreated litter-mate. 6 h after parabiosis, the bone marrow of irradiated animals contained some granulocytes showing RNA synthesis. At 18 h, many myelocytes and promyelocytes were present but no myeloblast was encountered. These myeloid precursor cells showed active DNA synthesis but no mitoses, and no erythroblasts were observed at this time period. At 24 h, mitoses of myeloblasts were found. At 42--60 h, erythropoiesis was evident. Chromosome analysis and investigations of cells of irradiated parabionts conjugated with partners having labeled cells, revealed that these newly formed myeloid and erythroid cells originated from the untreated parabiont. The mechanism of triggering myelopoiesis in the aplastic bone marrow by parabiosis is discussed. PMID- 820155 TI - Characterization of blast cells in acute nonlymphoid leukemias by consecutive cytochemical reactions. AB - Blast cells of 12 acute nonlymphoid leukemias have been investigated by consecutive application on the same preparation of three cytochemical reactions: alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, AS-D-choroacetate esterase and PAS. A fourth reaction (alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase) was added in some preparations for a more detailed definition of the monocytoid-oriented cells. The cytochemical techniques were further combined with NaF inhibition and with the cytobacterial test for muramidase. The combined cytochemical approach allowed the identification of most of the blast cells, according to an empirically determined positivity to one or more reactions, and proved to be particularly valuable in classifying the cells after chemotherapy. PMID- 820154 TI - Reconstitution capacity of bone marrow cells from nude mice in radiation chimeras. AB - Lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from 'nude' or normal mice. It was found that the radioprotective capacity of bone marrow cells from normal and thymusless 'nude' mice is similar and that the immune responses to sheep red cells in radiation chimeras reconstituted with normal and nude bone marrow cells are also similar. Bone marrow cells from nude mice, in spite of the lack of the thymus, develop into hematopoietic cells and contain also T-precursor cells. PMID- 820156 TI - Malignant lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation and polyclonal gammopathy. AB - Two patients are presented with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and infiltration of the bone marrow with plasmocytoid cells in whom an important heterogeneous hyperimmunoglobulinemia was detected (3.18 and 5.85 g/100/ml). Autopsy showed widespread poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmocytoid differentiation in the first case and a well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmocytoid differentiation involving lymph nodes, marrow, spleen, liver and kidney in the second case. High concentrations of IgM and IgG were detected in lymph node and spleen homogenates from this case. After splenectomy and cyclophosphamide the immunoglobulins decreased. It is suggested that both cases had a malignant lymphoma with plasmocytoid differentiation and polyclonal gammopathy. PMID- 820157 TI - Splenunculectomy in recurrent thrombocytopenia. AB - A 13-year-old boy developed thrombocytopenic purpura in 1953 which improved during 4 weeks of cortisone therapy. Following 13 years of intermittent symptoms the platelet count was found to be 8,000/mul. After splenectomy the patient was asymptomatic for 8 years, but had a recurrence of symptoms and thrombocytopenia in 1974. An initial spleen scan with 99Tcm sulfur colloid was negative; but when repeated with a gamma-camera and shielded liver, a splenunculus was demonstrated. After splenunculectomy a rapid remission occurred, and the patient has been well for 13 months. PMID- 820158 TI - Multiple myeloma with terminal erythroleukemia. PMID- 820159 TI - [M-component of serum formed by lambda-type Bence-Jones protein]. AB - M-component in the serum composed of free light chains occurs rarely as evidenced by literature. In the investigations of the authors it was demonstrated that three M components obtained from patients with plasmocytoma were composed of free light chains type lambda. High concentration of low-molecular protein in serum was due, probably, to coexistent impairment of renal filtration. It is worth stressing that M component was a lambda-type chain which may explain the pathogenesis of renal failure caused by amyloidosis. PMID- 820161 TI - Tissue heterogeneity in the anterior chest wall and its influence on radiation therapy of the internal mammary lymph nodes. AB - The density (g cm-3) and electron density (cm-3) of material from the anterior chest wall was determined. On the average, the difference in density between rib bone and intercostal soft tissue amounted to 17 per cent, while the difference in electron density was 7 per cent. The attenuation of high-energy electrons in specimens of rib bone, costal cartilage and sternum was determined by an experimental technique, using dosimeters of TLD material. The results of determinations of attenuation of 10 and 13 MeV electrons in fresh specimens are presented. It is concluded that electron radiation in the energy range of 10 to 13 MeV can be utilized for irradiation of lymph glands along the internal thoracic vessels without risk of underdosage. PMID- 820160 TI - Thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in fullterm, euthyroid and hypothyroid newborns. AB - The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) and the TSH response following thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 16 euthyroid babies from 16 to 172 hours after birth and in 2 primary hypothyroid babies, 3 and 28 days of age. Serum-TSH was measured before an intravenous injection of 40 mug TRH and after 30 and 180 min. In the euthyroid babies increased basal levels of TSH were seen shortly after birth, followed by a pronounced decline. The extent of TSH increase after TRH could be correlated with the basal levels, and the relative increase was comparable to that which occurs in adults. In the hypothyroid babies very high basal levels of serum-TSH were seen, 125 and 400 muU/ml respectively, with no further increase following TRH stimulation. It was concluded that in euthyroid fullterm newborn, the relative response of serum-TSH to TRH was equal to that of adults, in spite of elevated thyroid hormone concentrations. In the hypothyroid newborn very high levels of serum-TSH were seen and a supplementary TRH-test seems without diagnostic value in congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 820162 TI - Light chain myeloma with features of the adult Fanconi syndrome: six years remission following one course of melphalan. AB - A 41-year-old woman, presenting with renal failure, renal glucosuria and moderate anemia, was found to have light chain myeloma, indicated by a kappa chain M component in the serum, heavy urinary excretion of kappa chains and plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow. After administration of one course of melphalan, resulting in transient pancytopenia, the light chains disappeared completely, renal function returned to normal, glucosuria disappeared and the Hb concentration normalized. During an observation period of six years she has remained in good health and there has been no sign of relapse. PMID- 820163 TI - Antibacterial effect of some phenothiazine compounds and R-factor elimination by chlorpromazine. AB - Chlorpromazine, levopromazine and promethazine exerted a bacteriostatic effect on Gram-positive bacteria at 20-60 mug/ml, on Gram-negative bacteria at 130-180 mug/ml concentration. Of the three compounds, chlorpromazine had the most marked bactericidal effect on cultures of Bacillus anthracis growing in minimal medium. In addition, chlorpromazine had a significant bactericidal effect on the resting cells of Escherichia coli suspended in saline. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to phenothiazines. Experiments have failed to derive resistant mutants from the highly sensitive B. anthracis. An effective R-factor elimination was observed at chlorpromazine concentrations of 50 mug/ml, practically not affecting the growth of multiple resistant E. coli. PMID- 820165 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and neurological diseases]. PMID- 820164 TI - The use of gel-filtration for the isolation of pure nisin from commercial products. AB - Commercial nisin was fractionated using a Bio-Gel P-10 column and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-sephadex C-25. Pure nisin having a titre of 40 X 10(6) units per gram was obtained. In polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the pure nisin gave three bands. It is suggested that heterogeneity of nisin is due to the presence of several biological polypeptides. The pure nisin is digested by chymotrypsin but it is not affected by TPCK-trypsin and pepsin. PMID- 820166 TI - Simple ultra-microtechniques for genetic complementation analysis and early prenatal diagnosis of sphingolipidoses. PMID- 820167 TI - Storage and excretion of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides in the gangliosidoses. PMID- 820168 TI - Iduronate sulfatase determination for the diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome and the detection of the carrier state. PMID- 820169 TI - The enzymic defects in Morquio and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. PMID- 820170 TI - Glycoprotein catabolism in brain tissue in the lysosomal enzyme deficiency diseases. PMID- 820171 TI - Ultrastructure and peroxidase of leucocytes in five patients with juvenile form of ceroid lipofuscinoses. AB - Peripheral leucocytes obtained from five patients with clinical histories and funduscopic findings typical of the juvenile form of the so-called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLF) (synonym: Spielmeyer-Vogt disease) were assayed for peroxidase activity and examined by electron microscopy. The peroxidase levels were considerably lower in three but normal in two patients. Ultrastructurally, the lymphocytes of all five patients showed the presence of tubulo-membranous cytosomes many displaying the fingerprint images at present regarded as being typical for the NCLF. The possible implications of the discrepancy between the morphological observations and the enzymatic findings are discussed. PMID- 820172 TI - Chemical models and chemotherapy in the sphingolipidoses. PMID- 820173 TI - Enzyme replacement therapy for the sphingolipidoses. PMID- 820175 TI - Steroid hormones and prolactin in human cancer. PMID- 820174 TI - Population structure of the Aland Islands, Finland. PMID- 820176 TI - [A system of necessary interdisciplinary cooperation in the continuous care for handicapped children]. PMID- 820177 TI - [The role of blood circulation of prelaminar capillaries in producing glaucomatous cupping (author's transl)]. PMID- 820179 TI - Measurement of iron absorption from compositite meals. AB - In earlier studies using the recently introduced extrinsic tag technique meals were carefully minced and mixed with the extrinsic tracer to ensure complete isotopic exchange. In the present paper the validity of simpler and more realistic techniques to label and serve composite meals was evaluated. Equal or almost equal absorption figures were found when mixing the label homogenously into a meal, adding it dropwise, or mixing it into the most bulky component of the meal. The necessity of serving the meals in a realistic way was underlined by the finding of higher absorption from a meal in which the components were served separately than from meals mixed before serving. The results of the present study indicate that the validity of using the reference dose as a basis for comparison of absorption data in different groups, was higher when serving the reference dose and the meals on consecutive days than when serving 2 weeks apart. This was true especially in women. The present findings imply that it is both necessary and possible to design simple labeling techniques that allow valid measurements of iron absorption from composite meals. Moreover, when determining the schedule of serving the meals and the reference doses the findings in the present paper must be carefully considered. PMID- 820178 TI - [Isolation of a gamma heavy chain fragment from normal human serum]. AB - Several components of catodic electrophoretic migration in serum and urine are present in normal individuals and in rabbit serum. There also exists in man and in some animals, serum fractions of low molecular weight. These types of serum components may be or may not be related with the IgG. In a previous study we have isolated two components in the slow catodic electrophoretic area of the normal human serum (NHS). One of them was identified as an IgG subclass and the other component presented a clear line of precipitation to gamma heavy chain specific immuno-serum. This latter component was found in the post gamma-globulin area crossing the IgG arc in the I.E. analysis. Its molecular weight was variable from 3700 to 9500. In this paper a differential analysis of the gamma fragment isolated for us, is made and its relationship with Fc subfragments of pepsin digested IgG is studied. In order to obtain this comparative study, the electrophoresis, gel diffusion immunoelectrophoresis gel chromatography and analytic ultracentrifugation techniques are employed. The post-gammaglobulin fraction has been isolated from total normal human serum without previous manipulation, or with the gammaglobulin fraction precipitated with saturated ammonium sulphate, in Sephadex G-200 chromatography. These two fractions present similar immunelectrophoretical characteristics. The constant sedimentation is 0.90 S and the approximated molecular weight is 7000. Since the pepsin digestion of IgG produced Fc subfragments of low molecular weight, we have isolated and submitted this immunoglobulin to peptic digestion. The G-75 Sephadex filtration shows an isolated post-gamma-globulin of I.E. sedimentation constant and molecular weight whose characteristics are similar to the isolated serum post gammaglobulin fraction. The antigenical analysis in I.D. shows a total identity between the pepsin digested post-gammaglobulin and the fragment obtained for us from the human serum to an anti-heavy gamma chain immuno-serum and to a rabbit serum anti-fraction produced for us. These events suggest that this isolation post-gamma-globulin fraction corresponds to a Fc subfragment of the IgG. PMID- 820180 TI - Determination of erythrocyte vitamin B12 activity. AB - Data presented in this paper show that there is no significant difference between plasma and serum vitam B12 activity when EDTA is used as the anticoagulant. By drawing 5 ml of blood into a tube containing EDTA, the whole blood and plasma B12 activity can be measured using Lactobacillus leichmannii for the assay as the test organism. Erythrocyte B12 levels can be obtained by difference after correcting for hematocrit. Sodium heparin appears to inhibit the growth of L. leichmannii. PMID- 820181 TI - Three serologic tests for candidiasis. Diagnostic value in distinguishing deep or disseminated infection from superficial infection or colonization. AB - One hundred fifty-one sera from 100 hospitalized patients with positive cultures for yeasts were assayed using whole-cell agglutination (Aggl.), agar gel diffusion (AGD), and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) to determine the relative diagnostic values of three serologic tests for anti-Candida antibodies. Serial samples were obtained from 29 patients. Tests were read blindly; correlations of the three test results with culture results and clinical findings were determined only after all data had been accumulated. Thirty-five of 100 patients had Aggl. titers of 1:160 or greater, although 13/35 had no evidence of deep or disseminated disease. Twenty-four of 100 patients had clinical or autopsy evidence of deep or disseminated candidiasis; 22/24 had Aggl. titers of 1:160 or greater. Twenty of the 24 patients were CEP-positive, whereas 18/24 were AGD positive. In five patients CEP became positive earlier (10--21 days) than AGD. Three patients had false-positive precipitin tests, two by both CEP and AGD and the third by CEP only. In this population, a positive CEP and a positive AGD test showed good correlation with deep or disseminated candidiasis, whereas a negatvie Aggl. test showed the best correlation for excluding deep or systemic candidiasis. PMID- 820183 TI - Intranuclear inclusions in plasma cells and lymphocytes from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. AB - Ultrastructural studies of intranuclear inclusions in plasma cells and lymphocytes from patients with different forms of monoclonal gammopathies are presented. The inclusions occurred as two distinct morphologic and ultrastructural types. In three patients, two with IgA myeloma and one with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, the inclusions were variably PAS-positive in routine sections and composed of electron-light amorphous material ultrastructurally. In one patient with an IgG monoclonal gammopathy, the plasma cells contained inclusions that were PAS negative by light microscopy and primarily osmiophilic ultrastructurally. One patient with an immunoblastic sarcoma and an IgM monoclonal had plasma cells with numerous inclusions of both types. There was a distinct spatial relationship between the electron-light amorphous material and the osmiophilic deposits in many of the inclusions in cells from this patient. In cells from two patients in which osmiophilic inclusions were found, they were present in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. The intranuclear inclusions appeared to develop from accumulation of material in the perinuclear cisterna, resulting in single or multiple invaginations of the nuclear structure. PMID- 820184 TI - A worksheet summary system for clinical laboratory management. AB - This article describes a simple method for summarizing total activity from the worksheets used at each workstation in a clinical laboratory. Monthly reports display day-to-day trends in total workload, as well as changes in the ratio between charged and total tests. Cumulative summaries of the monthly reports display month-to-month trends of total workload, as well as the ratio between charged and total tests. These reports also provide: (1) a simple method to calculate "lost revenue" (difference between total "chargeable" work and credited revenue); (2) more rapid and more uniform calculation of CAP workload units. In the author's laboratory, time required to maintain this data base and calculate CAP workload units has been less than the time previously required for calculation of CAP workload units alone. PMID- 820185 TI - Effects of penicillin and lysozyme on the immunofluorescent and precipitin reactivity of group D streptococci. AB - Damage to the cell wall by growth in the presence of penicillin or by treatment with lysozyme enhanced the immunofluorescent (fluorescent antibody, FA) reactivity to group D streptococci. The optimum concentration and time of treatment with lysozyme varied inversely with the initial FA reactivity of the strain. Speciation of the organisms by a series of biochemical and physiologic tests suggested that the differences in initial FA reactivity were species related. Thus, S. faecalis strains were the most FA-reactive and most sensitive to lysozyme. S. faecium strains were less FA-reactive and lysozyme-sensitive. S. bovis strains proved to be least FA-sensitive and were most resistant to lysozyme. Treatment with lysozyme was also effective in preparing extracts of group D antigen from all three species for Lancefield grouping by the precipitin test. The lysozyme extracts, moreover, produced much stronger reactions than those made from comparable volumes of cells by the methods of Lancefield or of Rantz and Randall. PMID- 820187 TI - Analysis of clinical studies with LH-RH in children and adolescents. PMID- 820186 TI - A quantitative study of the multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vented and unvented blood-culture bottles. AB - A quantitative study of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both vented and unvented vaccum blood-culture bottles revealed that these organisms multiply readily in the latter. After a 3- to 4-hour lag period they double at 33--34 minute intervals, reaching a maximum growth of 10(8) - 10(10) organisms by 18 hours. Multiplication then stops. The data indicate that blind sampling should invariably be successful in isolating organisms after 8 hours of incubation. The rate of recovery of these organisms is not increased by venting, but the maximum level of growth in unvented containers is at the borderline level of visibility, necessitating a blind subculture for definitive diagnosis, whereas vented containers show relatively unrestrained growth. A method for the use of single vacuum bottles for the detection of Ps. aeruginosa, and optionally, Candida species, is proposed. PMID- 820188 TI - Proceedings: Cost savings/benefit analysis of drug abuse treatment. PMID- 820182 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with gamma chain cytoplasmic inclusions. AB - A case of lymphocytosis diagnosed clinically as chronic lymphocytic leukemia is described. The lymphocytes possessed cytoplasmic inclusions that contained IgG kappa immunoglobulin. Studies of immunoglobulin synthesis showed that the cells synthesized but did not secrete the immunoglobulin. The migration on poly.acrylamide gels of the IgG heavy chain was anomalous, and it is proposed that this interfered with its normal secretion and allowed the development of cytoplasmic inclusions within the cell. These findings are unique when compared with previous studies of immunoglobulin biosynthesis by normal or leukemic peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 820189 TI - Absorption of different elemental diets in a short-bowel syndrome lasting 15 years. AB - In a patient with total colectomy and only 120 cm of the proximal small bowel remaining after resection for Crohn's disease, comparative studies were performed on the absorption of isocaloric amounts of Vivonex HN, Flexical, Codelid, Jejunal, and Precision LR. These elemental and/or complete diets were fed by a nasogastric tube at a constant rate of 260 ml/hr, 1 cal/ml, 2185-2660 ml per feeding period of 8.4-10.2 hr daily. Discharge of intestinal fluids from the jejunal stoma ranged between 2940 ml (Vivonex HN) to 4760 ml (Jejunal) per daily feeding period, resulting in a net intestinal loss of fluids and dehydration with the exception of Flexical. Jejunostomy discharge on Flexical was only 1325 ml per comparable period. The patient tolerated dietary fat relatively well absorbing 61% of 87 g of fat from Flexical and 60% of 108 g from a natural blenderized diet. The other diets used were either fat-free or with a minimum amount of fat. The second best tolerated diet was Vivonex HN, the feeding of which resulted in the highest intestinal retention of nitrogen (84% of the 16.3 g fed as opposed to 78% of 9.1 g fed in Flexical). Vivonex HN also had the highest intestinal retention of phosphorus. Intestinal fluid absorption was not related to the intestinal transit time measured by a nonabsorbable marker or to the osmolality of diets. Diets containing fat may inhibit secretion by the "enterogastrone-like" effect induced by dietary fat in the remaining bowel. High amino acid content of some of the low-fat diets may release gastrointestinal hormones which stimulate secretion, and the simple carbohydrates prevent fluid absorption. In the short bowel syndrome with normal functions of the pancreaticobiliary system, diets based on fat and protein hydrolysate should be the nutritional therapy of choice. PMID- 820191 TI - Use of elemental diets in surgical cases. AB - Over the past five years elemental diets have assumed an important role in the pre- and postoperative nutrition of patients on the Surgical Service at the St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center of New York City. The purpose of this paper is to give the history of this development and the results of our experience with the elemental diet. PMID- 820190 TI - Editorial: Phenobarbital and cholesterol gallstone dissolution. PMID- 820192 TI - An outbreak of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resulting from contaminated vegetable sprouts. AB - In an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by consumption of home-grown raw vegetable sprouts contaminated by Bacillus cereus, victims developed symptoms after an incubation period of 6-15 hours. Four persons initially experienced nausea and vomiting, and this was followed in 3 cases by abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Bacteriologic investigation indicated that B. cereus on unsprouted seeds proliferated during germination in a commercially sold seed sprouting kit and reached levels in excess of 10(7) per gram. B. cereus isolated from the incriminated sprouts exhibited enterotoxigenic activity when tested by the ligated rabbit ileal loop technique, the dermal reaction in guinea pigs, and the rabbit skin capillary permeability test. The diversity of symptoms and incubation periods attributed to B. cereus requires analysis for this often overlooked organism whenever food-borne gastroenteritis is suspected. PMID- 820193 TI - Ozone interactions with lung tissue. Biochemical approaches. PMID- 820195 TI - Clinical experience with tobramycin in the treatment of infections due to gram negative bacilli. AB - Tobramycin, a new aminocyclitol antimicrobial agent, was administered parenterally to 28 patients infected with gram-negative bacilli. The dosage was 1.5 mg/kg every 8 hours, except in patients with renal insufficiency in whom the dosage interval was 10 times the serum creatinine in hours. Serum levels after intramuscular administration were 3.9 +/- 1.6 mug/ml and 1.0 +/- 0.7 mug/ml at 2 and 8 hours, respectively. Serum levels after intravenous administration were 4.6 +/- 0.5 mug/ml, 2.3 +/- 0.6 mug/ml, and 0.6 +/- 0.8 mug/ml at 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 8 hours, respectively. Clinical isolates included 21 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 of Serratia marcescens, and also isolates of E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tobramycin, gentamicin, sisomicin, and amikacin were determined for these organisms. Clinical results included 18 cures, 3 improvements, 2 indeterminates, and 6 failures. Minimal hepatic and renal toxicity was observed. PMID- 820194 TI - Bartter's syndrome: a disorder characterized by high urinary prostaglandins and a dependence of hyperreninemia on prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Urinary prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three adult women and an adolescent girl with Bartter's syndrome. On a constant metabolic diet prostaglandin E2 ranged from 293 to 1,221 ng/day (mean, 640 ng/day) and exceeded the normal range for adults of 76 to 281 ng/day in all patients. Prostaglandins F2alpha ranged from 291 to 1,061 ng/day (mean, 747 ng/day) in the adult women. Only in a young girl did prostaglandins F2alpha (1,677 ng/day) clearly exceed the normal range for adults of 422 to 871 ng/day. Treatment with indomethacin, which decreased urinary prostaglandin E-like material by 69 per cent or more, did not affect blood pressure. Plasma renin activity, which ranged from 5.2 to 22.2 ng/ml/hour (patients supine) and from 23.3 to 30.4 ng/ml/hour (patients upright), and urinary aldosterone, which ranged from 14.0 to 45.6 ng/day, decreased by 79, 65 and 52 per cent, respectively. The clearance of creatinine was lower for the eight or nine days of treatment, the balances of sodium and potassium were positive, and serum potassium was higher than in control. Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase which differs in structure from indomethacin, produced metabolic effects which were qualitatively similar to those of indomethacin. The results indicate that the renal synthesis of prostaglandins is increased in Bartter's syndrome and that prostaglandins mediate the hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism which characterize the disorder. The over-production of prostaglandins by the kidney could be proximal cause of the syndrome, or secondary to intrarenal changes of an unknown nature. This study provides additional evidence for an important role for prostaglandins in the release of renin. PMID- 820197 TI - Measurements of free and total serum T3 and T4 in pregnant subjects and in neonates. AB - Despite recent descriptions of dramatic changes in the thyroidal economy in pregnancy, the precise mechanisms of these alterations have remained obscure. Measurements of total and free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and thyroxine binding capacity (TBG) were made in 120 serum samples from 42 first trimester, 55 second trimester, and 23 third trimester pregnant women. Sixteen paired term and cord blood samples were also analyzed. Mean total serum T4 rose progressively from 9.8 in the first trimester to 11.5 mug/100 ml in the third trimester. Mean TBG capacity also increased from 38.4, first trimester, to 56.2 mug/100 ml in the third trimester. Mean total T3 concentrations were significantly elevated in all trimesters (p less than 0.02 - 0.0011) when compared to normal nonpregnant controls. Total T3, T4 and TBG levels were all significantly higher than in normal nonpregnant women in all trimesters (p less than 0.001). TSH levels remained unchanged in all three trimesters; values were 2.2, 2.0, and 2.0 muU/ml, respectively. Free T4 levels were at the lower limits (2.4, 2.5, and 2.2 ng/100 ml) and free T3 levels were below normal (0.29, 0.27, and 0.24 ng/100 ml). In addition, fetal T3 concentrations were strikingly lower in cord blood than in the maternal circulation at term. Maternal and cord free T3 and free T4 levels were not significantly different. These data underscore the need for multiple measurements of thyroid function in pregnancy and in the newborn in the evaluation of the thyroid gland activity. PMID- 820196 TI - Tobramycin: in vitro and clinical evaluation in 30 patients. AB - Clinical evaluation of intramuscular tobramycin was accomplished in 30 patients with respiratory, soft tissue, urinary tract, bone or septicemic infections due to gram negative bacilli. Median sensitivity to tobramycin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (19 strains) was 0.62 mug/ml and range 0.31-2.5 mug/ml; less activity was observed for Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter species isolates but median minimum inhibitory concentrations were less than or equal to 2.5 mug/ml. Therapy resulted in clinical and bacteriologic cures in 16 patients (53 per cent) including 13 of 16 (181 per cent) with urinary tract infections; 9 of the 14 patients who did not obtain bacteriologic cure had satisfactory clinical responses. Tobramycin was effective for selected gram negative bacillary infections and particularly for P. aeruginosa. PMID- 820198 TI - Monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders: a report of 154 cases. AB - One hundred and fifty-four patients with a monoclonal gammopathy, diagnosed between 1965-1974 in the Hadassah University Hospital are reviewed with special reference to the relative incidence of associated disorders. Most patients (63 per cent) had immunoproliferative disorders (multiple myeoloma, macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other non-Hodgkin lymphomata). A non-B-cell malignancy, either of blood-forming tissues or of epithelial origin, was found in 6.5 per cent. Miscellaneous nonmalignant diseases (chronic liver disease, diseases of known or suspected autoimmune origin, chronic infections, Gaucher's disease), which have been reported in the past in association with a monoclonal gammopathy, were diagnosed in 15 per cent of the patients in this series. Twelve per cent of the patients were either asymptomatic or had diseases not known to be associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 3.3 per cent of the patients. PMID- 820199 TI - Corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis. AB - Two patients with Corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis have been observed in the past ten years. Both cases occurred sporadically. In one case toxigenic C. diphtheriae caused endocarditis in an immunized child with congenital heart disease. The second patient developed rapidly progressive valve destruction caused by a nontoxigenic strain of C. diphtheriae. These cases illustrate that C. diphtheriae may produce endocarditis in addition to its previously described diseases spectrum. PMID- 820200 TI - Amniotic fluid tests for fetal maturity in normal and abnormal pregnancies. AB - Amniotic fluid creatinine, percentage of lipid-positive cells, and L/S ratio were determined on 285 samples from normal pregnancies and 222 samples from abnormal pregnancy states (Rh isoimmunization, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, and hydramnios). In normal pregnancy the coefficient of correlation between true gestational age and estimated period of gestation (EPG) based on the three parameters was 0.94, in Rh isoimmunization 0.77, in diabetes 0.67, and in hypertensive disorders 0.59. In intrauterine growth retardation both the L/S ratio and creatinine were depressed, the coefficient was 0.61, and the EPG was consistently less than the true gestational age. The mean L/S ratio in pre-eclampsia was slightly below the normal mean and in diabetes the mean L/S ratio was also depressed. In 150 samples taken within 48 hours of delivery L/S ratios were accurate in assessing fetal pulmonary maturity although there was a 20 per cent incidence over all of false-immature values. There were no false-mature values except in diabetes (2/9). PMID- 820201 TI - Repair and adhesion mechanisms of the cryotherapy lesion in experimental retinal detachment. AB - Cryotherapy to the pigment epithelium and retina induced a proliferation and metaplasia of pigment epithelial cells, Mueller cell hypertrophy, and proliferation of astrocytes. When cryotherapy was applied to the pigment epithelium and to the retina during retinal detachment surgery, a strong adhesion developed, characterized by the occurrence of true cell junctions between pigment epithelium and retinal cells. When only the pigment epithelium was treated, the adhesion appeared weak due to the absence of microvillous interdigitations normally present between pigment epithelium and retina. PMID- 820203 TI - Animal model of human disease: chronic destructive periodontitis (periodontal disease, pyorrhea alveolaris, pyorrhea). PMID- 820202 TI - Effects of antithrombotic agents evaluated in a nonhuman primate vascular shunt model. AB - The effects of aspirin, cyproheptadine, dextran, dipyridamole, and sulfinpyrazone on thrombus deposition were determined. These antithrombotic agents were evaluated in a nonhuman primate model for thrombus generation that employed test devices exposed to blood in an arteriovenous shunt. Thrombus deposition on test devices was quantitated gravimetrically. Of the antithrombotic agents tested, cyproheptadine was found to be the most effective, and aspirin, dextran, and dipyridamole were each somewhat less effective. Sulfinpyrazone had only a slight antithrombotic effect. Ultrastructual studies of thrombus deposited in test devices showed that the various antithrombotic agents tested did not prevent completely the formation of fibrin, aggregation of platelets, or adhesion and spreading of platelets and leukocytes. This model for thrombus generation is felt to be a more efficient means for evaluating antithrombotic agents than previously described nonhuman primate models. PMID- 820205 TI - Selective transfer of plasma proteins across mammary gland in lactating mouse. AB - Specific plasma proteins were labeled with 131I, and their half-lives in lactating and nonlactating mice were determined. The proteins included mouse IgF and IgM, mouse, bovine, rabbit, and human IgG, human serum and salivary IgA, human transferrin and albumin, and mouse and human immunoglobin light chains. The rates at which these proteins are transferred across the mammary gland in mice suckling their young were calculated: transmammary protein transfer was found to be highly selective. The G-class immunoglobulins readily traversed the mammary gland, the rate being dependent on the IgG load presented to the transport system. Immunoglobulin lambda-chains and human serum IgA crossed the mammary gland even more rapidly than did the G immunoglobulins. Human IgA without secretory piece was transported into milk more rapidly than IgA with secretory piece attached. Protein transport across the mouse mammary gland was found to be similar to and yet different from protein transport across either the suckling mouse intestine or the mouse placenta as to which proteins crossed and at what relative rates. PMID- 820206 TI - Aldosterone and insulin effects on driving force of Na+ pump in toad bladder. AB - Both aldosterone and insulin increase active Na+ transport across the urinary bladder of the toad. Recent data have provided further support to the concept that aldosterone acts primarily to increase Na+ entry from the mucosal medium into the transporting cells, whereas insulin acts to increase active Na+ extrusion into the serosal medium. To examine this concept further, the driving force (E(Na)) of the Na+ pump was measured, by the technique described by Yonath and Civan (48), before and after hormonal administration. Both hormones increased short-circuit current, but only insulin increased E(Na). The validity of the technique was further explored by imposing periods of hypoxia upon a series of experimental hemibladders; as expected, hypoxia reversibly decreased E(Na). The data indicate that insulin stimulates Na+ transport, in part by directly stimulating the Na+ pump. The results are also consistent with the concept that aldosterone stimulates net Na+ movement solely by enhancing Na+ entry into the transporting cells, but are subject to alternative interpretations. PMID- 820204 TI - Primate paneth cell degeneration following methylmercury hydroxide ingestion. AB - The effects of methylmercury on the intestinal epithelium were studied in 14 adolescent male Macaca mulatta monkeys weighing 3 to 5 kg. They were divided into three groups: two controls received daily applesauce vehicle without methylmercury. Nine chronic low-dose animals received 0.2 to 1.0 mg of methylmercury per day for 80 to 491 days. Three acute high-dose animals received 2.0 mg methylmercury for 17 to 18 days, when they became terminally ill. Light and electron microscopic observations were made on samples of duodenum and ileum following perfusion and immersion fixation in a glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde fixative. Numerous uniquely structured inclusions were prominent in the Paneth cells of the chronic low-dose animals and some necrotic Paneth cells were seen, especially in the most chronic and higher dosed animals of the group. Acute high dose treatment produced some inclusions in the Paneth cells similar to those of the chronic low-dose group, but degenerative and necrotic cells were more frequently seen. These alterations were not seen in other intestinal epithelial cells. Paneth cells are selectively altered. These findings suggest that a function of Paneth cells may be to eliminate metals from the body. PMID- 820208 TI - The Massachusetts dental Medicaid program 1967-1971. PMID- 820207 TI - Effect of stretch on passive transport in toad urinary bladder. AB - In order to gain further information about the effect of stretch on the urinary bladder of the toad, transepithelial movement of radioactive sucrose, chloride, and urea was measured across bladder sacs during acute changes in the internal volume. Short-circuit current (SCC) and total tissue conductance (Kt) were also measured in each experiment. It was found that sudden large increases or smaller graded increases in volume resulted in a consistent fall in the tracer permeability (P*) of all three isotopes. However, this fall was due entirely to the larger area term in the calculation of P* rather than any real change in isotope movement. When total diffusion (TD) of each isotope was calculated by a method that eliminated the changes in surface area, it was apparent that stretch produced no significant effects on the transepithelial movement of any of these three molecules. Large stretch also resulted in parallel increases in SCC and Kt in most bladders. We conclude from these observations that the intercellular pathway for sucrose and chloride and the transcellular pathway for urea are unaltered by degrees of stretch that enhance SCC and sodium transport. By inference, the observed increases in Kt appear to represent changes in specific active pathway conductance (Ka), and may relate importantly to the changes in sodium transport. PMID- 820209 TI - Trypanosome infections in the marmoset (Saguinus geoffroyi) from the Panama Canal Zone. AB - From August 1973 through May 1974 a total of 148 marmosets (Saguinus geoffroyi) were examined for blood parasites. Parasites were detected in 93.2% of the monkeys. Direct examination of blood revealed 82.4% infected with trypanosomes; Trypanosoma cruzi was seen in 1.3% of the animals examined T. minasense in 52.7% and T. rangeli in 25%. However, the use of several diagnostic tests (direct microscopic examination, hemoculture, xenodiagnosis, and animal inoculation) in 15 marmosets revealed T. cruzi in 40%, T. rangeli in 93% and T. minasense in 87%. The high rate of infection among marmosets suggests that they are important natural hosts of T. cruzi and T. rangeli in the Panama Canal Zone. PMID- 820210 TI - Schistosome antigens in the circulation of chimpanzees infected with Schistosoma japonicum. AB - Chimpanzees infected with Schistosoma japonicum develop circulating schistosome antigens in their circulation between 6 and 9 weeks post-exposure. The minimum number of circulating antigens ranges from one to three. These antigens also cross-react with an antiserum against S. mansoni adult worms. Clearance of these antigens from the circulation several weeks later typically occurs. Persistence of these antigens could result in the observed renal damage. PMID- 820211 TI - Differentiation of Bwamba and Pongola viruses by agar-gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. AB - The agar-gel diffusion (AGD) and the immunoelectrophoretic (IEP) techniques were employed in the differentiation of virus strains of the Bwamba-Pongola group. These techniques were found to be more specific than either the complement fixation (CF) or the neutralization (N) test in the differentiation of Bwamba and Pongola viurses. Of 22 virus strains isolated in Nigeria and previously typed as strains of Bwamba virus by CF and N tests, 12 strains of mosquito origin were definitely classified as Pongola viruses and 10 of human origin as Bwamba viruses by the AGD and IEP techniques. PMID- 820212 TI - Citrate anticoagulation and cell washing for intraoperative autotransfusion in the baboon. AB - Extracorporeal citrate was used for anticoagulation during autotransfusion of baboons. A cell-washing plasmaphoresis procedure was added in one group of animals in order to remove activated clotting materials. Both groups became hypocoagulable, but the cell-washed group had less evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation as well as lower plasma hemoglobin levels. Citrate anticoagulation plus cell washing is a potential alternative to heparinization for autotransfusion. PMID- 820213 TI - Complete enteral support of thermally injured patients. AB - Total enteric nutritional support of thermally injured patients is a safe, effective means of providing adequate caloric and nitrogen requirements and avoiding the usual weight loss associated with burns. Protein and vitamin supplements and tube feeding, when indicated, are necessary adjuncts to the standard high protein, high calorie hospital diet. A team approach, consisting of physicians, nurses, dietitians, and patients, and careful daily monitoring of all parameters is essential to the success of this method. PMID- 820214 TI - Comparison of coarse mesh gauze with biologic dressings on granulating wounds. AB - Twenty patients with large area granulating wounds were selected for the study. On each patient, a small area of uniform appearance was divided into four subareas, and each subarea was randomly assigned treatment with a single 24 hour application of cadaver allograft, fresh porcine xenograft, formalinized xenograft, or "wet-to-dry" applications of coarse mesh gauze changed three times daily. At 24 hours, all four areas were uncovered. The subareas were ranked in terms of appearance on a best, second best, third best, and worst scale by experienced paramedical personnel who were not told which area received which treatment. Contact sponge quantitative microbiology was performed on each subarea before and after treatment on seventeen of the twenty patients. The results of these rankings suggest that coarse mesh gauze, changed three times daily, was significantly better at improving wound appearance than any of the biologic dressings. Among the biologic dressings, formalinized xenograft was significantly the worst. There was no significant difference between cadaver allograft and porcine xenograft. Analysis of quantitative cultures was limited by the problems of applying statistical methods to series of paired cultures in which initial values are quite different. Within the framework of such limitations and our 24 hour study, there was not significant change in surface colonization when either coarse mesh gauze or biologic dressings were used. PMID- 820215 TI - Crystalloid configuration in the adrenal cortex of the Siamese tree shrew (Tupaia glis). AB - Crystalloids of what appear to be smooth reticulum have been observed in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis in both the stressed and nonstressed adrenal gland of the Siamese tree shrew (Tupaia glis). No crystalloids are observed in the zona glomerulosa. Similar crystalloids have been described in other steroid secreting organs, including the antebrachial organ of the lemur (Lemur catta), the parotoid gland of Bufo alvarius and in sebaceous gland cells of the Galagos and Macaques. Moreover, the crystalloids in the present investigation resemble the paracrystalline arrays of smooth reticulum present in the adrenal cortex of the fetal guinea pig. The crystalloids show much variation in degree of organization, sometimes appearing as wavy tubules parallel with one another or as fused tubules having a "donut" configuration. In addition, the crystalloids are nearly identical to configurations which have been described in mitochondrial cristae of the protozoan, Pelomyxa carolinensis. PMID- 820216 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation]. PMID- 820217 TI - Nitroglycerin infusion during coronary-artery surgery. AB - The effects of an intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin were studied in 20 acutely hypertensive patients during coronary-artery surgery. Eight patients had histories of essential hypertension and six had been treated for it. They were anesthetized with morphine, diazepam, N2O, O2, pancuronium, and enflurane. Control measurements were obtained after sternotomy. Nitroglycerin was then administered until the blood pressure returned to normal, and the measurements then repeated. The mean dose of nitroglycerin was 80.0 +/- 4.7 mug/min, or 0.96 mug/kg/min. This produced significant decreases (P less than .05) in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index. Cardiac index, stroke index, and heart rate were unchanged. Two indices of myocardial oxygen demand (rate-pressure product and tension-time index) were significantly decreased by nitroglycerin (P less than .005). Fifty per cent of the patients had improvement in ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram. These findings demonstrate that nitroglycerin can be safely administered intravenously during operation, and suggest that nitroglycerin decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves myocardial ischemia. PMID- 820218 TI - Synthesis of alpha, beta-dehydro amino acid esters and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl alpha, beta-dehydro amino acids. PMID- 820219 TI - Total synthesis of methionine-enkephalin. PMID- 820220 TI - Synthesis of D-forosamine, the 4-dimethylamino sugar from spiramycin. PMID- 820221 TI - Synthesis of (poly-)-peptides with phosphorus diester triazolides. PMID- 820222 TI - Macrocyclic peptides in anionic polymers of amino acid N-carboxylic anhydrides. PMID- 820224 TI - Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Forty-seven male Macaca mulatta, 3 to 4 kg weight, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with various doses of yolk sac-grown Rickettsia rickettsii. Thirty-four macaques became febrile and exhibited signs of infection ranging from transient illness with a few days of fever to severe illness with subsequent death. The rash appeared more frequently in the macaques inoculated subcutaneously. Febrile macaques that survived had leukocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia. Febrile macaques that died had, in addition, marked terminal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Packed cell volume of all febrile macaques decreased. In almost all of the febrile macaques, there were increased serum urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased total serum protein and amylase concentrations. A few febrile macaques had increased bilirubin values and decreased sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Changes did not occur in serum glucose, potassium, calcium, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values. The experimental form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the macaque provides a subhuman primate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease. PMID- 820223 TI - An ethogram of the common marmoset (Calithrix jacchus jacchus): general behavioural repertoire. AB - The behavioural repertoire of four captive breeding pairs of Callithrix jacchus jacchus is described. Social communication took the form of postures, facial expressions, vocalizations and piloerection displays. Detailed analyses were made of piloerection displays, adult play, copulatory, aggressive, and prey-catching behaviour. Aggressive behaviour was uncommon in adult mated pairs. Play between adults showed a degree of temporal of temporal organization. Vocalizations were the main methods of intragroup communication whilst piloerection displays were directed towards members of other groups and also to unfamiliar objects. The behavioural repertoire of C. jacchus jacchus is compared with that of other Primates. PMID- 820226 TI - Tuberculin antigens: the need for purification. PMID- 820225 TI - In vitro effects of listerial hemolysin on rat brain mitochondria. AB - Crude hemolysin derived from Listeria monocytogenes, strains 9-125 and 1122-3, reduced phosphate utilization of rat brain mitochondria in a succinate system. Oxidation rates were not altered by addition of hemolysin to a concentration of 42 hemolytic units/ml, with a mitochondrial protein concentration of 2.3 mg/ml. At a mitochondrial protein concentration of 1.8 mg/ml, 42 hemolytic units/ml of hemolysin increased the inhibition of phosphate utilization and also reduced the oxygen uptake. An age differential was apparent, with mitochondria from young rats demonstrating uncoupling at a lower concentration of hemolysin. PMID- 820227 TI - The frequency of precipitins to trichloroacetic acid-extractable antigens from thermophilic actinomycetes in farmer's lung patients and asymptomatic farmers. AB - The hypothesis that the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-extractable antigen fractions prepared from Micropolyspora faeni cells and other thermophilic actinomycetes are better diagnostic immunodiffusion reagents for the detection of farmer's lung disease than the crude extracellular antigen concentrates has been tested. The frequency of serum precipitins to the TCA-extractable antigens has been compared in symptomatic farmer's lung patients and in healthy farmers having positive precipitin tests to the crude antigen concentrates of the analogous thermophilic actinomycetes. Sixty-eight per cent of the symptomatic group were found to have precipitins to the M. faeni TCA-extractable antigens compared with only 22 per cent of the asymptomatic group. With regard to the other thermophilic actinomycetes tested, no significant differences in frequencies of precipitins to TCA-extractable antigens between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were found. However, the total number of patients available for testing with each of these antigens was small. Sufficient chemical characterization of the TCA extractable antigens was carried out to show that they were chemically similar to the TCA-extractable antigens prepared by other workers. PMID- 820229 TI - Treatment of the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. AB - Ninety-eight patients with the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome were prospectively treated with penicillin G, at least 10 million units intravenously per day, followed by ampicillin, 2.0 g orally per day, to complete at least 10 days of treatment (33 patients); ampicillin, 3.5 g orally plus probenecid 1.0 g, followed by ampicillin, 2.0 g per day orally for at least 7 days (29 patients); lower doses of parenteral penicillin G (20 patients); oral tetracycline (6 patients); parenteral cephalosporins (5 patients); and other regimens (5 patients). The response to treatment was equally rapid and complete in each group. At least 90% of the patients in each group had subjective improvement and defervescence within 2 days, and all patients followed for at least 2 weeks achieved complete clinical and bacteriologic cure. Patients with purulent synovial effusions improved significantly more slowly than patients with nonpurulent effusions or with no effusions, regardless of which treatment was used. PMID- 820228 TI - The efficacy of low-dose versus conventional therapy of insulin for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - The effect of low-dose intramuscular insulin therapy was compared with that of high-dose insulin therapy by intravenous and subcutaneous routes in 48 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. A simplified protocol was devised to compare efficacy of the two methods of therapy in a randomized manner. Plasma glucose dropped to less than 250 mg/dl in the low-dose group in 6.7 +/- 0.8 h and in the high-dose group in 4.5 +/- 0.8 h (P = not significant). The amount of insulin necessary to lower plasma glucose to 250 mg/dl was 263 +/- 45 U in the high-dose group and 46 +/- 5 U in the low-dose group. Twenty five percent in the high-dose group and none in the low-dose group developed hypoglycemia. Other biochemical and clinical variables in the two groups were comparable. No treatment complications were noted in the low-dose group. Our studies suggest that low-dose intramuscular insulin therapy is simple and as effective as high-dose therapy in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis without the risk of hypoglycemia and with a diminished incidence of hypokalemia. Furthermore, the favorable response of these patients to low-dose insulin therapy suggests the absence of insulin resistance in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 820231 TI - Letter: Treatment of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 820232 TI - Letter: Tuberculosis and isoniazid in steroid-treated asthmatic patients. PMID- 820230 TI - Mutations in mouse myeloma cells: implications for human multiple myeloma and the production of immunoglobulins. AB - Multiple myeloma raises a number of puzzling questions about the production of immunoglobulins and the malignant transformation of lymphoid cells. Some of these questions can be approached by studying mouse plasmacytomas and by genetic and biochemical studies of mouse myeloma cells in culture. The synthesis, assembly, glycosylation, and secretion of immunoglobulin has been analyzed in detail using the mouse myeloma system. The development of a technique that detects variants in clones of cultured mouse myeloma cells has led to the demonstration of a unique genetic instability in these cells. Based on these results a model is presented to explain the high frequency of ligh-chain producing (Bence Jones) myelomas in patients. Finally, mutant cell lines have been recovered which produce defective immunoglobulins similar to those found in heavy-chain disease and some other lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 820233 TI - [Long-term use of immunosuppressants in patients with kidney transplants]. AB - The authors analyse the principal characteristics of immunosuppression needed after a kidney graft. They review various therapeutic methods and consider the main complication induced by long-term iummunosuppression. They associate published data with their own experience, based on more than 300 transplantations performed with corticosteroids and azathioprine at Necker Hospital. PMID- 820234 TI - [General transmission of sigma virus in "Drosophila melanogaster". II. - Revelation of late vertical tansmission in females which have acquired the virus only by the father spermatozoon (author's transl)]. AB - This report concern work with Drosophila melanogaster females, which have only acquired the sigma virus strictly vertically through the father spermatozoon. After than the 20th day of life, most of these show an increased frequency of infected progeny. These results obtained provide evidence that the phenomenon is similar to the classical "passing over to germen", described in sigma-drosophila relationships. They confirm that germ-line infection in non-stabilized females can only occur during oogenesis. In these females, oogonia are never infected. PMID- 820235 TI - Postoperative bacterial Endophthalmitis: section i. PMID- 820236 TI - Inner ear degeneration in acoustic neurinoma. AB - The temporal bones of three cases of acoustic neurinoma are described to illustrate histopathological features of inner ear lesions due to chronic partial obstruction of blood circulation by the tumor in the internal auditory meatus. Degenerative changes in the inner ear due to acoustic neurinoma were evaluated and compared with changes in the opposite ear. The main pathological findings in the inner ear which were attributed to the tumor were degeneration of nerve fibers and of ganglion cells, degeneration of the stria vascularis, degeneration of the tectorial membrane, fibrosis and ossification of a semicircular canal. Fairly good preservation of sensory cells was observed in the presence of total degeneration of nerve fibers and ganglion cells and subtotal degeneration of the stria vascularis. PMID- 820237 TI - [Researches on the internal parasites in Ephemeroptera around Cracovie (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time, 7 kinds of internal parasites/Spiriopsis adipophila, Telomyxa glugeiformis, cysts of Crepidostomum farionis, Cystidicoloides and undetermined species of Microsporidia, Nematomorpha and Gordiacea are encountered in polish Ephemeroptera. PMID- 820238 TI - Gastrointestinal pharmacology. PMID- 820239 TI - Developmental aspects of the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. PMID- 820240 TI - Organic nitrate metabolism. PMID- 820241 TI - In vitro evaluation of cefoxitin and cefamandole. AB - Cefoxitin and cefamandole were evaluated in vitro against 263 organisms. Studies were performed in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth and agar employing inoculum sizes of 10(6) and 10(8) organisms per ml. At obtainable serum levels both antibiotics were bactericidal for nearly all strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus but were inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus. In agar, cefamandole appeared to be active against most strains of Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, whereas cefoxitin was active against indole-positive Proteus but not Enterobacter. Moreover, in broth medium most strains of Enterobacter were not readily inhibited by either antibiotic and only 40 and 73% of indole-positive Proteus were inhibited by 10 mug of cefamandole per ml in Mueller-Hinton and nutrient broth, respectively. However, in both broth media, 10 mug of cefoxitin per ml continued to be inhibitory and bactericidal for most isolates of indole positive Proteus. Cefoxitin also was bactericidal against four cephalothin resistant strains of E. coli. These data suggest that cefoxitin broadens the spectrum of existing cephalosporins by enhancing the activity against indole positive Proteus species as well as some other Enterobacteriaceae. On the other hand, with the exception of strains of Enterobacter aerogenes, the apparent increased in vitro activity of cefamandole was demonstrated in agar and not in broth. PMID- 820242 TI - Bacteriological study on effects of beta-lactam group antibiotics in high concentrations. AB - The growth and viability of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to various concentrations of a number of beta lactam group antibiotics were determined. In S. aureus, the bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of these drugs was lower at very high drug concentrations than that occurring at low concentrations, but these phenomena were not observed in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Under phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy, S. aureus treated with high concentrations of beta-lactam group antibiotics revealed a lower frequency of bacteriolysis than at low drug concentrations, and similarly by transmission electron microscopy fewer cells were transformed into spheroplasts at high drug concentrations. However, swelling of the cell wall septum was seen in many cells. Spheroplast formation occurred with the highest frequency at drug levels near the minimum inhibitory concentration and became less frequent as drug concentrations were increased. PMID- 820243 TI - Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on cross walls of cocci. AB - Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptococcus bovis were incubated on membrane filters on agar containing antibiotics at one-third to one-fourth the minimal inhibitory concentration for the particular bacterial strain. S. aureus was grown in the presence of oxacillin, cephaloridine, or lincomycin. N. gonorrhoeae and S. bovis were grown in the presence of penicillin. The membranes were then incubated in drug-free agar, after which viability was determined and the cells were examined by electron microscopy. S. aureus exposed to oxacillin and cephaloridine grew into cells two to seven times larger than normal that contained thick multiple cross walls. S. aureus exposed to lincomycin grew into cells 1.5 to 2 times larger than normal, with multiple thick cross walls and periheral cell walls twice the normal thickness. N. gonorrhoeae cells exposed to penicillin were slightly larger than normal and had cross walls that were up to eight times thicker than normal. After transfer to drug-free agar, cells became smaller, and some normal organisms could be seen. S. bovis incubated in the presence of penicillin grew into filaments that contained no cross walls. Two hours after the return to drug-free agar, filaments with cross walls as well as normal cells were observed. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin did not affect the growth of the peripheral cell wall of S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, or S. bovis, but appeared to inhibit lysis of cross walls in S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae and to inhibit the synthesis of cross walls in S. bovis; that is, the rates of peripheral and cross wall formation differed in their susceptibility to penicillin. These facts suggest that peripheral growth and cross wall formation in cocci are separable processes. PMID- 820244 TI - Effect of antibiotics on L-form induction of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Conditions have been developed that permit highly efficient conversion in vitro of all serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis to the L-form. During the course of the studies, optimal parameters for cultivation and propogation were determined and compared with those found in studies done by previous workers on meningococci. The plasma expander polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (molecular weight, 40,000) has been incorporated into the medium as an osmotic stabilizer. A method is outlined for removing toxicity (due to impurities in PVP) reported in some earlier studies done in this laboratory. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the L-form inductants and of a stable L-form have shown characteristics distinctive among the strains observed. Finally, the effects of both cell wall and other antibiotics were studied. It was shown that cell wall antibiotics other than the commonly used potassium penicillin G could induce N. meningitidis to the L-form, using the PVP-stabilized medium base. Furthermore, the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim, used at the concentrations found in commercially prepared Transgrow formulations, did not adversely affect meningococcal L-form induction. The system described herein will hopefully serve as an effective tool, specifically in the study of "aseptic" meningitis and possible meningococcal L-form etiology and, more generally, in evaluating the ability of bacterial L-forms to cause disease. PMID- 820245 TI - Multiresistant plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa highly resistant to either or both gentamicin and carbenicillin. AB - High-level resistance to gentamicin and carbenicillin was found in 30 and 10.7%, respectively, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, especially in isolates from urine. In 23 out of 25 strains tested, these resistances were R mediated and linked to multiresistant plasmids, carrying genes for resistances to five other aminoglycosides, tobramycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, and spectinomycin, and for resistances to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and mercury chloride. Carbenicillin resistance was unstable in Pseudomonas, and in its presence the multiresistant plasmids had a host range extended to the Enterobacteriaceae (group I plasmids). Otherwise they were transferable intragenerically only (group II plasmids). The extended host range plasmids were, as a rule, in fi(-) incompatibility class A-C. Segregants incompatible with both class A-C and P plasmids were detected. The beta-lactamase specified by the carbenicillin marker was of the TEM-like type. Multiple linkages of resistance determinants to the aminoglycosides were concomitantly present in most of the plasmids. Results from the bioassay indicated the presence of at least two aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. PMID- 820246 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of six clinical isolates of Aspergillus. AB - Several different methods of performing susceptibility tests on six clinical isolates of Aspergillus are described. Some of the conditions that affected the level of susceptibility to drugs were: the type of media used, temperature and time of incubation, and the initial inoculum size. For amphotericin B susceptibility testing, the effectiveness of the polyene antibiotic as measured by visual growth was equivalent to the effectiveness as measured by inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis and dry-weight increase. For 5-fluorocytosine and rifampin, the visual-turbidity method gave minimum inhibitory concentrations that were much higher than those determined by effects on ribonucleic acid synthesis and dry weight. The reason for these discrepancies in susceptibility testing with 5-fluorocytosine and rifampin are unknown. We conclude that the most relevant test of this fungus to antifungal agents will have to be determined by the correlation of in vitro data with animal experiments and clinical results. PMID- 820247 TI - Activity of amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and rifampin against six clinical isolates of Aspergillus. AB - Amphotericin B in combination with 5-fluorocytosine was synergistic against three clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and one of three clinical isolates of A. flavus. Amphotericin B in combination with rifampin was synergistic against all six clinical isolates of Aspergillus tested. The levels of 5-fluorocytosine and rifampin required for synergism were higher than clinically achievable concentrations when measurements of synergism were based on visual turbidity; but when the effects of the drugs were measured by inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis or dry-weight increase, much lower concentrations were effective. PMID- 820248 TI - Streptomycin accumulation in susceptible and resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Streptomycin accumulation by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to be prevented or inhibited by inhibitors of electron transport, sulfhydryl groups and protein synthesis, and agents that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Streptomycin is recovered from cells in an unchanged form and is intracellularly concentrated above extracellular concentrations. Accumulation kinetics are multiphasic; an initial phase which cannot be prevented by the above inhibitors is unable to cause inhibition of cell growth or loss of cell viability. Prevention of further phases of uptake does prevent these events. Inhibitor-susceptible accumulation is time dependent and begins almost immediately upon exposure of cells to streptomycin. Streptomycin accumulation remains energy dependent even when cells are losing acid-soluble [(3)H]adenine, presumably through loss of permeability control. These results demonstrate that streptomycin accumulation necessary for inhibition of cell growth or cell death requires energy and is not a process of diffusion or secondary to membrane leakage. Streptomycin accumulation in ribosomally resistant mutants of E. coli and P. aeruginosa is similar in that both energy-independent and energy-dependent accumulation can be demonstrated. The total energy-dependent accumulation is, however, significantly lower than that in streptomycin susceptible cells due to the absence of an additional energy-dependent phase of accumulation, which seems dependent on ribosomal binding of streptomycin. Ribosomally resistant strains can be shown to concentrate streptomycin accumulated by the energy-dependent process above the external concentration in nutrient broth but not in Trypticase soy broth. The energy-dependent accumulation can be saturated in the Str(r) strain of E. coli in nutrient broth, implying limited accumulation sites. PMID- 820249 TI - Enzymatic modification of aminoglycoside antibiotics: a new 6'-N-acetylating enzyme from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate. AB - We describe an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase, isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that exhibits a novel substrate profile characterized by markedly reduced activity towards butirosin and amikacin. PMID- 820250 TI - Enzymatic modification of aminoglycoside antibiotics: a new 3-N-acetylating enzyme from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate. AB - A new 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase is described, which possesses a wider substrate range than any such enzyme so far discovered in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. PMID- 820251 TI - Factors influencing dark nitrogen fixation in a blue-green alga. AB - Nitrogen-fixing activity declines first rapidly and then more gradually when Anabaenopsis circularis is transferred from light into dark conditions. The rate and duration of dark acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) depend upon conditions prevailing during the preceding light period. Factors (such as light intensity, CO2 concentration, and supply of glucose), which in the light affect photosynthesis and the accumulation of reserve carbon, have a profound effect on dark nitrogen fixation. Glucose greatly promotes nitrogen fixation in the light and supports prolonged nitrogenase activity in the dark. The results suggest that heterotrophic nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae in the field may be important both under light and dark conditions. PMID- 820252 TI - Design of a microculture chamber to observe cell division of bacterial L-forms in liquid medium. AB - A culture chamber is described that permits phase-contrast microscopic observations of the growth of stable L-form cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 in liquid medium. PMID- 820253 TI - Separation of small ciliate protozoa from bacteria by sucrose gradient centrifugation. AB - Small ciliate protozoa of the genus Uronema were separated from labeled bacteria by means of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. More than 98% of the radioactivity associated with the bacteria was found in the upper portion of the gradient, whereas the remaining portion of the gradient contained the ciliates. PMID- 820254 TI - Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from vegetable salads. AB - Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia were recovered frequently in high counts from vegetable salads. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although isolated frequently, was in lower counts. PMID- 820255 TI - Protein synthesis at 680 atm: is it related to environmental origin, physiological type, or taxonomic group? AB - The ability of bacteria to synthesize protein at 680-atm pressure is not related to their environmental origin, physiological type, or taxonomic group. PMID- 820256 TI - Bacteriological quality assessment of fresh marketed lettuce and fennel. AB - One-hundred and twenty samples of lettuce and 89 samples of fennel purchased from five retail outlets in the city of Bari (Italy) from October 1973 through September 1975 were examined for viable aerobic bacteria (AB), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), and salmonellae. Comparative tests indicated that the results of bacteriological analysis of wash water from either vegetable by a membrane filter technique compared favorably with those of conventional cultural examination of the vegetable tissue for the purpose of providing an indication of the bacteriological quality of the samples. Using the membrane filter technique, 2-year average counts of 6.59 X 10(7) for AB, 5.95 X 10(4) for TC, 6.13 X 10(3) for FC and 2.24 X 10(3) for FS/100 g (fresh weight) were obtained with lettuce; with fennel, the corresponding figures were 2.32 X 10(6) for AB, 7.82 X 10(4) for TC, 7.8 X 10(4) for FC, and 3.15 X 10(3) for FS. Indicator bacteria were present in all samples examined. In addition, 68.3% of the lettuce and 71.9% of the fennel samples yielded one or more of the following Salmonella serotypes: S. schottmuelleri, S. typhimurium, S. thompson, S. dublin, S. typhi, and S. anatum. PMID- 820257 TI - Improved method for preparing anaerobic bacteroid suspensions of Rhizobium leguminosarum for the acetylene reduction assay. AB - A method using ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and toluene-treated pea bacteroid suspensions for the acetylene reduction assay is described. The high level of acetylene reduction by these bacteroids is comparable to that of intact plants. Reproducibility of the EDTA-toluene treatment is, on the average, within 5%. Preliminary experiments with soybeans indicate that the EDTA-toluene method might be applicable to other legumes as well. PMID- 820258 TI - Predation of Escherichia coli by Colpoda steinii. AB - A study of single-stage chemostat cultures of Colpoda steinii. Escherichia coli, and glucose is reported here. Two levels of glucose were fed as the limiting nutrient to the chemostat cultures. The cultures were studied at three holding times. Oscillations developed at short holding time and damped oscillations developed a long-residence times that approached steady-state conditions of populations of C. steinii and E. coli and concentrations of glucose. The experimental data are fitted to and compared with Jost's model. PMID- 820259 TI - Survival of bacteria in seawater using a diffusion chamber apparatus in situ. AB - A microbiological survival chamber for in situ environmental studies involving microorganisms of public health significance was developed. The autoclavable chamber was provided with a supportive base for proper flow orientation and a battery-powered stirring mechanism for continuous internal agitation. The performance of the chamber and its ancillary units was evaluated in estuarine waters by diffusion studies and survival tests with eight species of bacteria isolated from environmental sources. Polycarbonate filter membranes were found superior to cellulosic filter membranes. Continuous mixing enhanced diffusion and ensured uniform cell suspension. Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited somewhat greater viability than Escherichia coli under similar conditions. Of three indicator organisms tested, Streptococcus faecalis was the most persistent. In general, the data obtained indicate the usefulness of the chamber in measurements of microbial survival in the natural marine environment. PMID- 820260 TI - Immunochemical studies on adrenal ferredoxin: involvement of adrenal ferredoxin in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction of mammalian adrenals. PMID- 820261 TI - Immunochemical studies on adrenal ferredoxin: involvement of adrenal ferredoxin like iron-sulfur proteins in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction of mammalian steroidogenic tissues. PMID- 820263 TI - Isolation and characterization of toxins from brown recluse spider venom (Loxosceles reclusa). PMID- 820262 TI - Age-related alteration of enolase in the free-living nematode, Turbatrix aceti. PMID- 820264 TI - Cation binding to brain plasma membranes. An evaluation of the use of anionic fluorescent probes. PMID- 820265 TI - Purification and properties of a polyvinyl alcohol-degrading enzyme produced by a strain of Pseudomonas. PMID- 820266 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase from soybean seedlings. Characterization of the enzyme purified by affinity chromatography. PMID- 820267 TI - Lipid intermediates involved in the assembly of membrane-associated glycoproteins in calf brain white matter. PMID- 820268 TI - Letter: In support of hexachlorophene. PMID- 820269 TI - Photochemotherapy for psoriasis with orally administered methoxsalen. AB - Photochemotherapy denotes a therapeutic approach that is based on the interaction of light and a photoactive drug. This study describes the efficacy of photochemotherapy, using orally administered methoxsalen and long-wave ultraviolet light in 91 patients with severe, generalized psoriasis. Oral administration of methoxsalen was followed by exposure to a high-intensity long wave ultraviolet light source, emitting a continuous spectrum between 320 and 390 nm (peak, 365 nm) and an energy of 5.6 to 7.5 mw/sq cm at 15 cm. There was complete clearing of 82 patients (90%), a 90% to 100% clearing in seven (8%), and a satisfactory improvement in two (2%). A paired comparison study in 54 patients showed photochemotherapy to be far more effective than ultraviolet light emitted by fluorescent bulbs or a xenon source. Eighty-five percent of the patients receiving outpatient maintenance treatment have remained in remission for periods up to 400 days. PMID- 820271 TI - Multiple halo neurofibromas. AB - The second case of multiple halo neurofibromatosis is reported. Halo neurofibromas are rare benign tumors that appear on the neck and trunk of adults. The clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis of the other neuroectodermally derived halo lesions, such as neural nevus, nevocellular nevus, spindle and epitheloid cell nevus, blue nevus, and malignant melanoma, also is considered. An autoimmune hypothesis is proposed to explain the depigmentation in the halo neurofibroma. The fact that the patient has cafe au lait spots that contain giant pigment granules probably indicates that he also has neurofibromatosis. PMID- 820270 TI - Pemphigus: a 20-year review of 107 patients treated with corticosteroids. AB - We review 107 consecutive cases of pemphigus. The mortality for pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus vegetans was 46% between 1949 and 1959 and 24% between 1960 and 1970. The overall mortality for all types of pemphigus was 32%. In the corticosteroid era, complications of therapy were the most frequent causes of death. Mortality and morbidity closely correlated with the corticosteroid dosage used to attain control. This dosage proved to be variable and could not be predicted at the outset in any given patient. PMID- 820272 TI - Maculopapular eruption in hypoparathyroidism. AB - A 12-year-old girl with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism manifested an erythematous, follicular, maculopapular eruption on her truck and arms. The eruption abated when the serum calcium rose to normal levels. PMID- 820273 TI - Pigment deposition in the reticuloendothelial system after fat emulsion infusion. AB - In 2 infants who had received Intralipid fat emulsion as part of a total parenteral hyperalimentation regimen, a pigmented material was deposited in the macrophages of their reticuloendothelial systems. The histochemical characteristics of this pigment were similar to those seen after experimental infusion of fat emulsions. The possible implications of this finding and its effect on host resistance are briefly considered. PMID- 820275 TI - [Thymus and lymphatic organs in protein and calorie malnutrition states (author's transl)]. PMID- 820276 TI - [Non-excretory plasma cell malignant lymphoma (Iga-Kappa) with gastric and lymph node localisations. Light and electron microscopy, cyto-immunofluorescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 820274 TI - Diabetic ketosis in children treated by adding low-dose insulin to rehydrating fluid. AB - Four children with severe diabetic ketosis were successfully treated with a regimen of low-dose intermittent insulin infusions in the rehydrating fluid. The children all rapidly regained consciousness and tolerated oral fluids within 12 hours of admission. Hypoglycaemia and hypokalaemia, both complications of conventional large dose insulin treatment, did not occur. Plasma insulin levels obtained by this method were maintained in the optimum range recommended by Sonksen et al. (1972). PMID- 820277 TI - [Dissociative phases and pathogenicity of different species of the Bacillus genus]. AB - The previously postulated hypothesis, according to which different species of the genus Bacillus show strictly similar morphological and biological properties when the same variants are considered, has been confirmed by the present research. The "S" (smooth) variants of the five studied species (B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. mesentericus) are all lethal, at the experimented dose, for mice, whereas the "R" (rough, "star-shaped" colonies) variant of the same strains of the same species are all not pathogenic for the same animals. Likewise the "S" variants of three species tested in guinea pigs showed to be pathogenic; particularly B. anthracis and B. subtilis were lethal, whereas B. cereus caused a black eschar like that one described in the cutaneous anthrax. The "RS" variant ("medusae head" surface colonies) is not pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs (even B. anthracis) if the tested strains are cultivated for years in ordinary solid nutrient media; the same morphological variants are strongly pathogenic (also B. subtilis), when the strains are recently isolated from infected animals. The similarity between the same "S" variants of different species is proved also by the protection given by anti-anthrax serum to animals infected by B. subtilis. PMID- 820278 TI - [Frequency of Australia antigen in a heterogenous population and estimation of 3 various methods of research]. AB - 4,000 samples of serum for Australia antigen research were examined by electrosineresis. From these 4,000 serums two groups were formed afterwards: the first formed by 2,466 samples which were examined also by immunodiffusion; the second formed by 1,093 samples which were examined also by latex test; no common serum was in the two groups at the same time. AU frequence in this population sample is within the high limits of the national average. A comparison of the used methods showed the following: immunodiffusion given the smallest number of positive results; electrosineresis given other positive results besides those found out by immunodiffusion; latex test given the largest number of positive results, but greatly discordant from electrosineresis. The achieved results are examined. PMID- 820279 TI - [Morphological and physiological studies on schizomycetes. Morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture of microbial colony. III. B.subtilis]. AB - The B. subtilis exhibits a morphogenetic mechanism which is different from that observed in the other bacilli examined here. In fact it is distinguishable for the compactness of cellular bundles and the precociousness of the degenerative phenomena which render unrecognizable the internal structure of the colony even before the third day of growth. PMID- 820281 TI - [Studies on the frequency of Corynebacterium diphtheriae carriers among students of the elementary schools in Bari]. AB - The morbidity of diphtheria reported in Bari in 1970 and in 1971 was 17.1 and 19.1 for 100000 inhabitants; in the same years the national average was respectively 1.6 and 1.3. In a epidemiological research carried out in the same period in 1017 school-children of Bari not previously selected, 45 carriers of C. diphtheriae (4.42%) were identified. Toxigen strains were isolated from 11 carriers (1.08%). The frequency of carriers was higher in the school-children 9 11 years aged (6-04%), lower in the school-children 6-8 years aged (2.99%). PMID- 820280 TI - [Morphological and physiological studies on schizomycetes. Morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture of microbial colony. IV. B.megaterium]. AB - Unlike B. anthracis and B. cereus, the B. megatherium shows a disordered cytoarchitecture. Since the factors conditioning the growth of the colonies are the same, this is due to a different parting mechanism of daughter cells. PMID- 820283 TI - Results of typing of "M. tuberculosis" with seven known and two adapted phages. PMID- 820282 TI - [Studies on the diffusion of Corynebacterium diphtheriae carriers in a children's community]. AB - During an epidemiological inquiry in a infantile community it was founded the 22.8% of 83 children was carrier of toxigen C. diphtheriae and two adults on 15 were carriers of non toxigen C. diphtheriae. The isolated species respectively from children and adults were of different phagic type. PMID- 820285 TI - Phage typing report of 125 strains of "Mycobacterium tuberculosis". PMID- 820284 TI - Phage typing of strains of "M. tuberculosis" in the Netherlands. PMID- 820287 TI - Phage typification of 100 strains of "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" isolated in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 820286 TI - Phage typing of Japanese strains of "M. tuberculosis". PMID- 820288 TI - Phage susceptibility patterns of "M. tuberculosis" strains freshly isolated from Virginia patients. PMID- 820289 TI - Immunological survey in high altitude: effect on antibody production and the complement system. AB - In order to asses the effect of acute exposure to natural high altitude on some immunological mechanisms of mice, the primary response to SRBC was studied by the direct Hemolytic Plaque and Hemagglutination Tests. A control group was studied in Lima, Peru, 150 m. At high altitude (Ticlio, Peru, 4843 m), we found fewer spleen plaque-forming cells (PFC) and the maximal peak of PFC was delayed 1 day, as compared with the response at a lower altitude. Conversely, there was a higher serum concentration of 2-ME sensitive and resistant hemagglutinin antibodies at high altitude and the 19-S (2-ME sensitive) response was predominant during the first days at high altitude while the 7-S response was retarded. These results are interpreted as a stimulating effect of hypoxia on the 19-S antibody production rather than a cellular proliferation as far as the SRBC system is concerned. Serum concentrations of Igs G, M, A and the fraction C'3 of the Complement (B1C/B1A globulin) were determined in normal natives from three cities at different altitude levels: Morococha-Ticlio, 4680 m; La Oroya, 3700 m; and Tarma, 3051 m by the Radial Immunodiffusion Test. The serum concentration of C'3 was correlated with the total hemolytic activity of Complement (C'H50 method) in a group of natives from Morococha. The control group was of normal natives from Lima. No significant differences were found between resum concentration of Igs G, M and A in both groups, but there was a tendency for higher values of IgA at higher altitudes, and most sera in the high altitude group were above the normal IgG values for adults. The resum concentration of C'3 and the hemolytic activity of Complement were wound to be diminished in the high altitude group. These results are interpreted as an inhibitory effect of the altitude on the sequential activation and/or lysing capability rather than a reduction in the C'3 concentration. PMID- 820292 TI - [The morphology of the ulna in Macacus rhesus and Macacus cynomolgus (author's transl)]. PMID- 820290 TI - Effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on established delayed hypersensitivity in the cancer patient. AB - Forty-seven cancer patients were selected for study based on their candidacy for hyperalimentation. Each patient received selected skin test antigens intradermally in the forearm prior to the initiation of hyperalimentation, and at 7-day intervals throughout treatment with either chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. Of 23 patients who received chemotherapy, 17 initially had negative skin tests. Thirteen of these patients had positive skin tests after an average of 11.4 +/- 5.5 days of hyperalimentation. Response to chemotherapy occurred only in hyperalimentation. Response to chemotherapy occurred only in those patients whose skin tests were positive, and conversion of skin test reactivity to positive occurred before clinical regression of metastatic disease. No patient who received radiation therapy developed or retained positive skin test reactivity, although nutritional repletion was considered satisfactory in each patient. Surgical patients whose skin tests converted to positive or remained positive preoperatively had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery, whereas 2 of 4 patients whose skin tests remained negative expired postoperatively. Absence of established delayed hypersensitivity in the cancer patient who is treated with chemotherapy or surgery is probably secondary to generalized malnutrition, and established cell-mediated immunity can be restored by proper nutritional repletion. PMID- 820291 TI - Fat emulsion for intravenous administration: clinical experience with intralipid 10%. AB - A 10% soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid 10%), used extensively in Europe for intravenous alimentation, has now been clinically evaluated in the United States. Controlled studies have shown that the soybean oil emulsion can be substituted for glucose to supply one-third to two-thirds of the total calories, and can be administered peripherally without significant vein irritation. Essential fatty acid deficiencies, frequently encountered in patients dependent on parenteral alimentation with fat-free solutions, are prevented and corrected by use of this preparation. Data on long-term tolerance to Intralipid 10% infusions are presented for 292 patients treated for more than 6,000 patient days. The soybean oil emulsion was usually well tolerated. Side effects were reported in two of 133 adults and 12 of 159 pediatric patients. PMID- 820293 TI - [Dean Gaston Giraud]. PMID- 820294 TI - [Endocavitary electric exploration in the study of auricular dysrhythmias]. AB - His bundle recording combined with atrial pacing permit to evaluate atrio ventricular conduction and the function of the sinus node by measuring the corrected sinus recovering time (CSRT). Three groups of 10 patients are included in this study: -- Group I is composed of control patients; the CSRT varies between 30 and 450 msec (mean value : 320 msec +/- 123.3). Neither atrio ventricular nor intraventricular block was observed during His bundle recording combined with atrial pacing. -- Group II, composed of patients with atrial dysrhythmia has a CSRT varying from 720 to 5.900 msec (mean value: 2.750 msec +/- 184.5). Six of these patients have atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances. -- In group III all patients had atrio-ventricular or intraventricular conduction defects without atrial dysrhythmia. CSRT varies between 205 and 510 msec (mean value: 310 +/- 88.6). The authors conclude that atrial dysrhythmia is probably an original degenerative disease which is different from the "Lenegre" disease, by his incidence, the location of the lesions and the clinical issue. This conclusion is made by comparing the results of the authors with the analysis by James of the embryogenesis of the sinus node and of atrial and atrio-ventricular pathways. PMID- 820296 TI - [Phonomecanography in recent myocardial infarction. Ventricular mechanic curve]. AB - Repeated recordings were made of the apexcardiogram throughout the first month after myocardial infarction in 30 patients. The classical timed intervals of the systolic wave are open to some criticism. The systolic waveforms are important. In the majority of transmural anterior infarctions there is a rounded appearance to the beginning of the wave which seems to prolong the electromechanical latency, followed by a late systolic bulge, or a domed waveform. This signifies a non-contractile area, and not neccessarily an ectasia. The early diastolic "peaktrough" appearance, found very frequently wherever the necrosis is situated, is indicative of asynergic contraction of the left ventricle. All of the diastolic phases are altered, probably by increased parietal stiffness: the TRI is lengthened; the "F" wave is flattened (and often absent later on in the condition), its duration is shortened over the anterior positions, and it may contain a shallow dip if there is LVF; the stasis wave is very feeble; the "a" wave is large when the infarct is extensive, or when there is LVF, or when there is longstanding hypertension. Enlargement of the "a" wave is especially indicative of a lowering of the performance of the left ventricle. PMID- 820297 TI - [Study of systolic time by external phonomechanocardiography in myocardial infarction. 1. Value of systolic times and their course during the 1st 3 weeks]. AB - A phonomechanographic study was carried out on 38 patients with recent myocardial infarction both during the initial phase of necrosis (between the 5th and 7th day) and at the end of the third week. The parameters studied were electromechanical systole (QB2), systolic ejection time corrected for heart rate (CET), the OBl interval, isometric contraction (IC), the pre-ejection periode (PEP), and the haemodynamic coefficient (PEP/ET). The results were compared with the values found in a similar control series. A tendency towards lengthening of the pre-ejection times and shortening of the corrected ejection time was noted. These changes were significant for the second measurement of CET, and for the ratio PEP/ET during the initial phase and on second measurement. The pre-ejection times were generally increased more markedly in the group of patients with left ventricular failure; the ejection time was also markedly shorter in this group, and the haemodynamic coefficient was larger. There was a tendency for the various measurements studied to return to normal by the third week. PMID- 820298 TI - [Study of systolic times by external phonomechanocardiography in myocardial infarction. 2. Results of sensitizing tests: methoxamine, venous tourniquets, isomeric contration]. AB - In an attempt to improve the quality of information provided by measuring the systolic times, the effect of three thpes of sensitising test was studied: the test with venous tourniquets on the lower limbs, the test with methoxamine, and the test under isometric exercise. In none of these tests was there found to be a statistically significant difference between the controls and the patients with myocardial infarction, with or without left ventricular failure. Taken as a whole, however, the sensitising tests studied tended to accentuate the abnormalities in the systolic times established under basal conditions in patients with myocardial infarction more grossly than in controls. PMID- 820295 TI - [Reproductibility of the true measurement of blood volume, cardiac output, mean pulmonary circulation time and pulmonary blood volume by radiocardiography]. AB - Radiocardiography provides a simple method of measurement of blood volume, cardiac output, mean pulmonary circulation time, and pulmonary blood volume. The use of a computer allows the results to produced immediately provided that the circulating blood volume is measured during the test anpd that the radiocardiographic tracing is analysed by an entirely automatic method. The reproducibity of the results given by this automatic method has been studied in 35 patients, two measurements being made at 20 minute intervals. The standard deviation of the percentage difference between consecutive measurements was 5.8% for the blood volume, 10.4% for the cardiac output, 8.8% for the mean pulmonary circulation time, and 9.7% for the pulmonary blood volume. PMID- 820299 TI - [Changes in the morphology of the normal left ventricle during the phases of isovolumic contraction and relaxation. Consequences on the calculation of the volume and cardiac output by cineangiocardiographic methods]. AB - It is well known that the left ventricular volume, as measured by the cineangiographic method, decreases during the phase of isometric contraction. What is more, the cardiac index and the ejection fraction measured by this method are definitely larger than those derived from dilution methods. These discrepancies can be explained by movements of the mitral valve during the phases of isometric contraction and relaxation. The systolic ejection volume (SEV) was measured by three different methods: 1. End-diastolic volume (EDV) -end-systolic volume (ESV) ; 2. EDV - pre-filling volume (PFV) ; 3. Pre-ejection volume (PEV) - ESV. It has emerged that the results given by the methods (2) and (3) correspond closely, and differ significantly from those given by method (1); they are also close to those obtained by the dilution method. This difference seems to arise from the fact that the movements of the mitral valve during the phase of isometric relaxation are diametrically opposite to those which occur during isometric contraction; thus, when the values EDV-ESV are used in the calculation of SEV, an overestimate is made because the mitral valve is not to be found in the same position within the ventricular cavity for both values. PMID- 820300 TI - [Is ventricular fibrillation during cardiac surgery a hasard?]. AB - The late consequences of induced ventricular fibrillation electrically non maintained have been analysed in a series of 547 operations under extracoporeal circulation and moderate hypothermia in the adult; the length of the intraoperative period of fibrillation has been found to have no effect upon the mean postoperative left atrial pressure -- itself a sure indicator of left ventricular function. This is equally true of the variations of the factor both in the operated cases taken together, and between the various groups of operated cases. There is no evidence that ventricular fibrillation has a harmful effect when, in addition, a study is made of the postoperative myocardial complications and of the early deaths. The mean duration of ventricular fibrillation does not differ significantly statistically between the group with complications and deaths, and the group with uncomplicated operations and no mortality. PMID- 820301 TI - [Bronchospasm, a sign revealing pulmonary embolism]. AB - As a clinical feature, and sometimes as a feature of the special mechanical tests of ventilation, bronchospasm has been found by the authors to be associated with pulmonary embolus. Bronchospasm was found to be the commonest feature in the 45 patients studied. The sudden onset of bronchospasm must be regarded as strong evidence for pulmonary embolus, especially in patients with a past history of bronchitis. The mechanism of these asthma-like features is discussed. The authors impugn the adrenergic system both to explain the bronchial overactivity of the patients with pulmonary embolus, and to understand how the attack commences. PMID- 820302 TI - [Atrioventricular conduction by a bundle of Kent discovered after a surgical A.V.B]. AB - The case is reported of an 8 year old child who had a 1/1 atrio-ventricular conduction by the bundle of Kent after accidental surgical division of the bundle of His; this "accessory" pathway conducted satisfactorily over a period of 12 years. At the age of 20, the patient had a complete conduction block of the bundle of Kent, causing a complete atrio-ventricular block; this indicated the definitive insertion of a pacemaker. PMID- 820303 TI - [Intrapericardial congenital ectasias of the left atrium]. AB - Congenital intrapericardial dilatation of the left atrium is an abnormality which is either very rare (16 cases reported in the literature) or one that is easily missed. The clinical features are unhelpful, and the diagnosis is suggested by the outline on X ray and confirmed by angiocardiography. The great importance of this abnormality lies in its natural history. Disorders of rythm (9 cases out of 16) and embolism (5 cases out of 16) are amongst the complications to be weighed up when deciding the treatment policy. Operative treatment, which is straightforward, seems to us to be indicated in all cases. PMID- 820304 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the left side of the heart with a mitral symptomatology. Echocardiographic study]. AB - A patient presented with the clinical findings of mitral stenosis, and angiocardiography revealed an intracardiac tumour. It was found at surgery to be a leiomyosarcoma, occupying almost the whole of the left auricle, and infiltrating the inter-atrial septum, the atrio-ventricular ring at the posterior commissure, and the posterior surface of the left ventricle. A mass with three lobes and a pedicle attaching it to the posterior wall and the ring of the mitral valve was found within the cavity of the left ventricle. The findings on echocardiography corresponded with the anatomical findings; but after surgery, ultrasonic investigation was found to be unreliable at detecting the unresected portion of the tumour, which was situated in the right postero-inferior region of the auricle of the left atrium. PMID- 820305 TI - [Supplementary intravenous alimentation in the premature infant weighing less than 1,500 grams]. AB - The effects of a 10% glucose solution and of a fructose plus 1.4% casein hydrolysate solution have been comparatively evaluated in infants with birth weights under 1 500 g. Children fed with glucose solution only are used as matched controls. Children fed with protein hydrolysate associated with fructose have a weight loss lower than those of the control-group. However, the time necessary to regain the birth weight is similar in both groups. The biologic data which were studied (glucosemia, calcemia, acid-base balance, clotting factors) are statistically identical in both groups. Neither of the groups showed hyperglucosemia. The survival rate is similar in both groups; caloric and proteic supplementation does not change the death rate. PMID- 820307 TI - Mother-infant separation in rhesus monkeys as a model of human depression. A reconsideration. AB - Nineteen rhesus monkeys between the ages of 5.9 and 8.5 months were separated from their mothers in five different studies. While in two of the studies, data indicated behavioral responses roughly parallel to Bowlby's protest-despair response to maternal separations, data across all five studies were sufficiently variable to bring this technique into serious question as a reliable and predictable animal model for neurobiologic and rehabilitative studies. PMID- 820306 TI - [Rare manifestation of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 820309 TI - [Hydrogenated pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridines (author's transl)]. PMID- 820310 TI - Exercise rehabilitation in coronary heart disease: community group programs. AB - This paper outlines a suggested protocol for community exercise programs for the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. Information presented is based on more than seven years of experience gained by the Cardio-Pulmonary Research Institute through programs in Seattle, Mercer Island, and Yakima, WA, and in Portland, OR. Participants, referred by their personal physicians, meet three times weekly for individually prescribed group walking-jogging-calisthenic sessions lasting 45 minutes each. More than 900 individuals have participated in the program, which has been shown to be feasible, economical and safe. PMID- 820308 TI - Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus) in a twin. AB - A fused, double-faced (diprosopus), anencephalic monster was born prematurely as one of twins after 30 weeks of gestation. We will describe the autopsy findings and summarize the literature concerning the diprosopus defect. Factors other than fetal environment may contribute to its pathogenesis. PMID- 820311 TI - Osteolytic lesion indicating Pseudomonas sternal osteomyelitis. AB - Two cases of osteolytic lesion of the sternum were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both were in heroin addicts, and both occurred as a delayed reaction to injury in an automobile accident. Bony curettage and appropriate antibiotic therapy were sufficient for diagnosis and cure. Tobramycin sulfate (3 mg/kg/day), a new aminoglycoside, was successfully used in both instances. Excision of the sternum was not necessary. PMID- 820312 TI - [Use of acetyldigoxin in the postoperative treatment of heart surgery in patients with heart failure]. PMID- 820314 TI - Letter: Normal thyrotropin-releasing hormone response in myotonia dystrophica. PMID- 820313 TI - An explanation of eye movements seen in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. AB - Recent findings in experiments on monkeys show that a horizontal saccade is made by a pulse-step of neural activity, part of which rises to medial rectus (MR) motoneurons on the fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). If inhibitory as well as excitatory fibers run in the MLF, then the data show that each MLF must carry both the excitatory and inhibitory activity required for contralateral, horizontal saccades. Therefore, interruption of these fibers removes not only excitation from the ipsilateral MR but inhibition from the contralateral MR. Such a lesion also disturbs the correct relationship between the pulse and the step and creates abnormal saccades. These facts make it possible to explain why, in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, the eye on the side of the lesion adducts slowly and inadequately, while the opposite eye has nystagmus in abduction. PMID- 820315 TI - A transplantable salivary gland tumour model in the rat. PMID- 820316 TI - A study of the fluid systems of the periodontium in macaque monkeys. PMID- 820317 TI - Pilocarpine therapy in glaucoma: effects on anterior chamber depth and lens thickness in patients receiving long-term therapy. AB - The effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the anterior chamber depth and lens thickness was measured in 20 eyes of patients with chronic open-angle glucoma who were receiving long-term glaucoma therapy with pilocarpine. Measurements were made with high-resolution ultrasonic biometry. This study demonstrated that regardless of their age (58.4 years, average) and the fact that they had been regularly using pilocarpine from two to four times a day, 85% of these patients demonstrated narrowing of the anterior chamber (AC) depth (average, 0.19 mm) and thickening of the lens (average, 0.21 mm) with each instillation of pilocarpine. In approximately 15% of eyes, a repeatable deepening of the AC depth and flattening of the lens was noted. PMID- 820318 TI - The blood-ocular barriers under osmotic stress. Studies on the freeze-dried eye. AB - Regional differences in the response of primate blood-ocular barriers to severe osmotic stress were measured. Marker dyes were localized by fluorescence microscopy in tissues that had been freeze-dried to prevent diffusion. Under severe osmotic stress, the form and the function of the ciliary process are grossly compromised while the iris is spared. Breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial barrier is widespread, while the retinal blood vessels in large areas retain normal permeability characteristics. The pigment epithelial barrier mechanism is substantially more susceptible to osmotic stress in the region surrounding the optic disc than in the equatorial area. PMID- 820319 TI - The isolation of bovine ephemeral fever virus in cell cultures and evidence for autointerference. AB - Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus was isolated from infected fresh cattle blood directly into Vero cell cultures. One cycle of rapid freeze-thaw destroyed the infectivity of the virus to Vero cells. The infectivity to baby mice by intracerebral inoculation, on the other hand, was only reduced. The occurrence of autointerference due to the presence of defective interfering particles in cell culture was also noted. BEF virus strain 919 was propagated to some extent in bovine kidney, testis and synovial cell monolayers, producing cytopathic effect (CPE) in 24 h. However, the CPE was nonprogressive and the addition of antinomycin D to the medium improved the virus titre only slightly. PMID- 820320 TI - Cortisone-resistant effector T cells in acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis and Listeria monocytogenes infection of mice. AB - Sensitized T cells in both lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and listeriosis are apparently unaffected by treatment of mice with cortisone acetate. Cortisone resistant immune T cells readily transfer acute, fatal LCM or protection against L. monocytogenes infection. Treatment of recipient mice with cortisone, however, impairs T cell-dependent effector mechanisms (i.e. macrophages) in listeriosis, but has no effect on induction of LCM. Acute LCM may thus represent a T cell mediated pathological process which does not require participation of macrophages. PMID- 820321 TI - Defence reactions in and susceptibility of Australian and New Guinean freshwater crayfish to European-crayfish-plague fungus. AB - The deposition of melanin of the surface of the cell wall of the crayfish-plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci, in infected cuticles of Australian crayfish seemed to be correlated with some degree of resistance to infection. The most obvious reactions towards the fungal structures present in the blood in vivo were their encapsulation by blood cells, many which then disintegrated. This was followed by melanization of the fungal surface. Crayfish blood inhibited completely hyphal growth in vitro and the disintegrating blood cells were apparently responsible for this effect as well as for the melanization. Phagocytosis of fungal structures was not observed. Melanization in vivo, and in vitro, due to a polyphenoloxidase released by the blood cells, was stimulated by the presence of the fungal cell wall surface. This seems to be a typical reaction of the crayfish in general. It was known earlier that European and Japanese freshwater crayfish are very susceptible to attack by the cray-fish-plague fungus but that North American cray-fish have a higher, although not complete, resistance and may be the natural hosts for the parasite. Nine species from different parts of Australia and from New Guinea were tested in aquaria and were all found to be susceptible, often very susceptible. Their susceptibility to infection was very similar to that of the European species, and the results support strongly the hypothesis that the parasite originated in North America and not in the Australian region or elsewhere. It would appear that man has not yet introduced the disease to the Australian region. Should this, however, occur, it will probably prove disastrous to the Australian and New Guinean freshwater crayfish fauna. PMID- 820322 TI - Appearance of cytolytic antibodies in sheep lymph following immunisation with tumour cells. Identification of antibody subclasses. AB - Sheep were immunised with mouse P815 tumour cell suspensions and at intervals afterwards lymph was collected draining from the stimulated lymph nodes. The lymph samples were fractionated by column chromatography into IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody fractions; these were then assayed for cytolytic functions on 51Cr labelled target P815 cells. Complement dependent antibodies were assayed using sheep complement; activity was first detected in the IgM fraction 3-4 days after immunisation and in the IgG1 fraction at 5-6 days. No CDA activity was found in fractions of the IgG2 antibody subclass at any time. Leucocyte dependent antibodies were detected only in the IgG fraction, and they appeared simultaneously in both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses 5-6 days after immunisation. PMID- 820323 TI - The location of calcium during its transport by the small intestine of the chick. AB - During the in vivo absorption of Ca by chicks, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) increased the translocation of Ca by the mucosal cells of the small intestine and this was accompanied by a greater "turnover" of Ca within these cells. The location of Ca within mucosal cells was studied by differential centrifugation after conventional homogenation of the cells in isotonic sucrose medium at 0 degrees. Most of the Ca was in mitochondria with less than 2% of Ca being in the soluble phase. However, this finding may be misleading since there may be a redistribution of Ca at 0 degrees, with the mitochondria taking up Ca which in vivo would be located in other parts of the cell. When cells were homogenized in the presence of inhibitors of Ca uptake by mitochondria or were homogenized at 22 degrees-28 degrees, 15-30% of the Ca was found in the soluble cytosol fraction. The uptake of Ca by mitochondria was compared in sucrose media and in this media containing dialysed cell cytosol. The non-dialysable substances in the cytosol influenced uptake and release of Ca by mitochondria so that more Ca would be in the soluble phase in the presence of cell cytosol. Dialysed cell cytosol from cholecalciferol-pretreated chicks had greater effect than cytosol from rachitic chicks and this may partially account for the increased translocation brought about by cholecalciferol. PMID- 820324 TI - A combined test of anterior pituitary reserve. AB - Determination of the functional reserve of the anterior pituitary gland requires the serial measurement of hormones released from the pituitary by specific stimuli. Individually, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) have proved to be reliable stimuli for the release of the various pituary hormones. The maximum incremental hormone response of growth hormone, cortisol, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin, triiodothyronine and prolactin has been assessed after the simultaneous administration of insulin, TRH and GnRH in six normal subjects. These responses have been compared to previously determined responses in a normal population when insulin, TRH or GnRH have been given separately. There were no significant differences in the peak response or the maximum incremental response of any hormone. The test has been used to assess the pituitary reserve of 54 patients with disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and five patients have been assessed both before and after hypophysectomy. The test is found to be convenient, sensitive and reliable in the assessment of pituitary reserve. PMID- 820325 TI - Immunochemical detection of tyrosinase in serum of patients with metastatic malignant melanomas. and from Hardy-Passey mouse melanomas. PMID- 820326 TI - Human and nonhuman operators in manual control systems. AB - The human operator in manual control systems is well known from a control theory point of view. The need for highly specialized data in an area which does not permit using human subjects resulted in the study of rhesus monkeys in manual control systems. The performances of monkey and human operators in a simple compensatory control system were similar. PMID- 820327 TI - Effects of low-intensity ultrasound on the central nervous system of primates. AB - The brains of anesthesized squirrel monkeys were exposed to 2.25 to 5 MHz ultrasound at low intensities (average power from 3 mW/cm2 to 0.9 W/cm2). The exposure produced evoked potentials recorded by EEG electrodes chronically implanted in the midline parietal region. Computer analysis of the waveforms showed that ultrasound produced a transient upward shift in both the peak frequency and in its amplitude. Complete adaptation occurred with 3 min of continuous exposure to either CW or pulsed irradiation. PMID- 820329 TI - [Listeriosis in a riding-horse stock]. PMID- 820328 TI - Effect of electromagnetic pulse on avoidance behavior and electroencephalogram of a rhesus monkey. AB - A 12-kg male rhesus monkey was exposed to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) at 266 kv/m, 5 pulses/s, for 1 h (18,700 pulses). The effects of EMP on Sidman avoidance behavior and on post-exposure electroencephalogram were evaluated, and no significant changes were detected. An analysis of an EMP showed that it contained various frequency components extending from 0 Hz to 10(9) Hz. However, the pulse configuration was such that its power was mainly confined to the longer wave lengths (less than 30 MHz). The lack of biologic effect was attributed to the fact that the wavelengths were long relative to the size of the monkey, and little energy deposition was likely to occur. In addition, the electric field was evenly distributed across all lower frequencies so that only a very small electric field component existed at any specific low frequency. PMID- 820330 TI - [Developing trends in nutrition--proteins]. PMID- 820331 TI - Future trends in parenteral nutrition. AB - With our present knowledge of total, intravenous nutrition it is now possible to eliminate, or greatly reduce, the incidence of malnutrition, as a complication of various medical and surgical conditions in modern hospitals. There is a tendency to include supplementary or total intravenous nutrition in the feeding program of the hospital, to ensure that the patients get an adequate daily amount of nutrients. The trend in the development of intravenous nutrition is, to supply all nutrients in the same proportions as those in which they enter the general circulation following a well-balanced oral food intake. Various mixtures of amino acids have been used as part of a complete intravenous nutrition. All studies in this field indicate a trend to use those amino acids mixtures which contain the essential and the nonessential L-amino acids in the same proportions as are found in the aminogram of proteins with high biological value. There is a trend to include fat, as fat emulsion (soybean oil-egg yolk-phospholipid emulsion), for intravenous nutrition, in an amount corresponding to about 40 energy percent as both the source of energy and of essential fatty acids for the body. To make an intravenous nutrition as complete as possible, all essential minerals should be included. Phosphorus is of special interest here as it aids in the prevention of hypophatemia and tissue anoxia caused by deficiency of diphosphateglycerate in the erythrocytes. Zinc may also be mentioned because of its importance for wound healing. There is also a tendency to include all the 13 necessary vitamins in an intravenous feeding program. In this connection vitamin K1 is of special importance. If patients on intravenous nutrition are treated with antibiotics, this may result in a change in the intestinal flora and a loss of intestinal vitamin K production, causing vitamin K deficiency, with severe or fatal bleeding. Consequently, vitamin K1 should be given daily to every patient on intravenous alimentation. The future trend in parenteral nutrition will also be to use this method for exact nutrition balances. In this way it will be possible to determine the endogenous loss via feces, as well as to study the requirements of nutrients in different conditions. PMID- 820332 TI - [Synopsis of the findings of the symposium]. PMID- 820333 TI - Effect of succinylation (3-carboxypropionylation) on the conformation and immunological activity of ovalbumin. AB - The epsilon-amino groups of ovalbumin were modified with succinic anhydride; as many as 16 lysine residues were succinylated (3-carboxypropionylated). The five succinylated derivatives thus prepared were homogeneous with respect to the extent of chemical modification as shown by electrophoretic and immunological data. Succinylation of the amino groups altered electrophoretic mobility and isoionic pH of ovalbumin in the expected direction. U.v.-absorption and fluorescence spectra suggested changes in the microenvironment of the chromophores in the modified proteins. The difference-spectral results showed greater exposure of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in the succinylated ovalbumin. Increase in susceptibility to tryptic digestion, Stokes radius and intrinsic viscosity of native ovalbumin, which was observed on successive increase in the chemical modification, demonstrated a conformational change that was proportional to the extent of modification. The loss of immunological reactivity caused by chemical modification also indicated a conformational change in succinylated ovalbumin. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of maximally modified ovalbumin was less than one-third of that for the completely denatured protein in 6M-guanidinium chloride suggested that the modified protein contained significant residual native structure. The latter presumably accommodates some antigenic determinants accounting for 37% residual immunological activity observed with maximally succinylated ovalbumin. PMID- 820334 TI - Comparison between the ribosomal ribonucleic acids from free and membrane-bound ribosomal fractions of HeLa cells. AB - The rRNA species from the total cytoplasmic, free and membrane-bound fractions of HeLa cells were compared. With the use of T1 ribonuclease and combined T1 ribonuclease plus pancreatic ribonuclease 'fingerprinting' procedures, no significant differences were found between the rRNA species from the different subcellular fractions. PMID- 820335 TI - The circular dichroism of ribosomal ribonucleic acids. AB - 1. The c.d. (circular dichroism) of Drosophila melanogaster rRNA (42% G+C) and of G+C-rich fragments (78% G+C) obtained by partial hydrolysis of rabbit L-rRNA (the largest RNA species isolated from the large subribosomal particle) were measured and found to differ substantially. 2. To interpret these spectra a relation between c.d. of bihelical RNA and % G+C was derived, namely delta epsilonfG = AFG2+bfG+c, where deltaepsilonfG is the c.d. of RNA characterized by a mole fraction, fG, of guanine nucleotides and a, b and c are constants. 3. A frame of reference was established by studying the c.d. of a range of rRNA species, including S-rRNA (the RNA species isolated from the smaller subribosomal particle) and L-rRNA of Escherichia coli. 4. It was found for the rRNA species studied that 0.60+/-0.05 of residues appear to form bihelical secondary structure. 5. A higher helical content, 0.66+/-0.05, was found for the G+C-rich fragment of L-rRNA. The difference in the c.d. of rabbit L-rRNA and of D. melanogaster rRNA is attributable to the dependence of c.d. of the bihelical parts on %G+C. 6. The minimum in c.d. at 295 nm increases with increasing %G+C. The c.d. of rRNA was compared with that of the parent subparticle in this region of the spectrum, where high precision may be attained. PMID- 820337 TI - Biosynthesis of heparin. Loss of C-5 hydrogen during conversion of D-glucuronic to L-iduronic acid residues. PMID- 820336 TI - A possible approach to the investigation of the structures of copper proteins: H N.M.R. spectra of azurin. PMID- 820338 TI - Quaternary structure of mushroom tyrosinase. PMID- 820339 TI - Anti-glycosyl antibodies: preparation and characterization of rabbit anti galactose and anti-lactose antibodies. PMID- 820340 TI - The proton magnetic resonance spectra of a cobalt (II) azurin. PMID- 820342 TI - Separate identities of ligandin and the h-protein, a major protein to which carcinogenic hydrocarbons are covalently bound. PMID- 820341 TI - The possible involvement of a peroxidase in prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 820344 TI - The possible involvement of singlet oxygen in prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 820343 TI - Binding of (3H)guanylylimidodiphosphate to membranes: lack of correlation with adenylate cyclase activation. PMID- 820345 TI - Morphological changes in asymmetric erythrocyte membranes induced by electrolytes. PMID- 820347 TI - Studies on two isozymes of aconitase from Bacillus cereus T. II. Further evidence on two distinct activities. PMID- 820346 TI - Thymidylate synthetase: studies on peptide containing covalently bound 5-fluoro 2'-deoxyuridylate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. PMID- 820348 TI - Displacement of tolbutamide, glibencalmide and chlorpropamide from serum albumin by anionic drugs. PMID- 820349 TI - Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) administration on phospholipid biosynthesis in rat liver. PMID- 820350 TI - UDP-glucuronyltransferase in perfused rat liver and in microsomes - III. Effects of galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride on the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and bilirubin. PMID- 820352 TI - Inhibition of PNMT activity in the adrenal glands and brain stem of rats. PMID- 820351 TI - Mutagenicity of 8-hydroxyquinoline and related compounds in the Salmonella typhimurium bioassay. PMID- 820353 TI - The presence of EDTA in commercial preparations of isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 820354 TI - Paraquat accumulation: tissue and species specificity. PMID- 820355 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on lipid peroxidation in the liver. PMID- 820356 TI - [The effect of carbocromen on the ST segment of the epicardial electrocardiogram in a model of intermitting myocardial ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - 3-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-4-methyl-7-(carbethoxy-methoxy)-2-oxo-1,2-chromene hydrochloride (carbocromen, Intensain) was studied on a model of a brief intermittent myocardial ischemia in dogs. At doses which did not affect blood pressure and heart rate, carbocromen markedly improved the ischemic reaction as measured by the ST segment of the epicardial ECG. Higher doses--increasing heart rate--did not, however, aggravate ischemic reaction, although as a rule increasing heart rate enhances ischemic reaction. When keeping the heart rate constant by means of a pace maker, carbocromen even at higher dosage caused a clear-cut improvement. In order to exclude any influence of the experimental and time conditions of the model on the results, identical tests were performed with a placebo. The results proved the carbocromen effects to be independent of the model chosen and its duration. The effects of propranolol, nitroglycerin and isoproterenol observed in our experiments are in agreement with the results frequently described in literature. Considering the changes in ST segment of the epicardial ECG a criterion of myocardial injury, our findings permit the statement that carbocromen clearly reduces the negative sequelae of brief intermittent disturbance of coronary blood flow. PMID- 820358 TI - [Multidimensional diagnostics in pharmacopsychiatry/results of therapy with desmethyl-loxapine (author's transl)]. AB - In view of the particular problems of psychiatric classification the advantages and disadvantages of standardised rating scales are discussed. The result is that these instruments at present are irreplaceable in psychopathological research on behalf of their reliability in transmitting information and the possibility of quantifying psychopathological syndromes. The practice of 4 rating scales, which are still uncustomary mainly in the area of German language, is demonstrated by means of a psychopharmacological investigation example. These rating scales are: 1. the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, 2. the Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scale, 3. the Structured clinical Interview (Burdock and Hardesty) and 4. the Befindlichkeitsskala (Condition Scale) (v. Zerssen). Within a duration of treatment of 3 and 4 weeks desmethyl-loxapine [CL 67 772, 2-chloro 11-(1-piperazinyl)-dibenz (b,f)(1,4)-oxazepine] was tested in an open study as an antidepressant on 16 patients with different depressive syndromes. The results of treatment, which can be considered positive, are represented and discussed in an intra-individual pre- and after-treatment comparison in respect of the differences between these scales. The good therapeutic efficacy of desmethyl loxapine results mainly from a marked anxiolytic effect. All the clinical and chemical examinations performed point out an excellent tolerance of this drug. German versions of standardised rating scales appear urgently indicated. PMID- 820357 TI - [Hemodynamic effects after i.v. application of thyrotropin releasing factor (author's transl)]. AB - 20 patients and normal volunteers submitting to a right side heart catheterization have been subjected to hemodynamic tests before and after rapid i.v. injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF, Ro 08-6270). 10 persons among a first group were fully informed about the test, i.e. the exact time of injection, 10 others among a second group were not. A statistically significant rise of the arterial blood pressure and heart rate at an average 1 min interval after injection could be demonstrated. After 5 min the effect had completely vanished. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure like other hemodynamic parameters, the blood sugar and cholesterol did not change. A placebo-like effect could not be shown among a third group receiving only the added solvent. Because of the short interval after which the effect occurred, a determinant role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feed back is very unlikely. A direct stimulus of TRF to smooth muscle cells of arterial walls responsible for vascular resistance in systemic vessels may be suggested as a hypothesis. PMID- 820359 TI - Parsalmide: a new anti-inflammatory agent Note IX - Toxicological study of parsalmide; oral toxicity study in baboons. PMID- 820360 TI - [Antibacterial activity and presence of mercury in 12 species of marine algae]. PMID- 820361 TI - [Rate of disappearance of phagocytized bacteria from polymorphonuclear cells]. PMID- 820362 TI - [Changes in the phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear cells after remaining in test tubes and after adhesion to a surface]. PMID- 820363 TI - Postoperative care of the neurosurgical patient. PMID- 820364 TI - Circadian variations in 32P uptake of DMBA-induced mammary tumour and Walker carcinosarcoma in rats. AB - The 32P uptake in a mammary tumour induced by DMBA and in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was measured by external GM -tubes. The uptake was significantly higher than in the skin. During exposure to a synchronized light regime a circadian variation was present in the 32P uptake of the hormone-dependent DMBA induced tumour. The maximal 32P uptake was in the dark period, in which the highest temperature in the tumour has also been found (Mooller and Bojsen, 1975). In the hormone-independent Walker 256 carcinosarcoma there was no periodicity in 32P uptake. No variation in 32P uptake was registered in the skin of normal controls or in tumour-bearing rats. PMID- 820365 TI - An assessment of methods of treating viral warts by comparative treatment trials based on a standard design. AB - A series of eleven comparative wart treatment trials undertaken between 1969 and 1975 and involving 1802 patients is described. A method of coding provided groups of patients matched for age, type, number and duration of warts, within which treatments could be randomized. The variation in response to treatment was shown to be influenced significantly by these factors and the level of cure to depend on the proportions of the various response groups within the population under consideration. These proportions were found to vary geographically and at different periods. In all the trials the results were assessed at 12 weeks. In the treatment of hand warts, the percentage cure of patients treated with liquid nitrogen fell significantly from 75 to 40% when the interval between freezings was increased from 3 to 4 weeks. The average number of freezings required for a cure was 3-1 amongst all patients cured by 6 or less freezings at intervals of 2 or 3 weeks. In a two-centre trial there was no significant difference between the percentage cure of patients with hand warts treated with liquid nitrogen (69%) and of those applying a paint containing salicylic and lactic acids (SAL) (67%). Patients receiving both treatments concurrently did better (78%) but the difference was not found to be statistically significant. In the treatment of simple plantar warts the percentage cure for the SAL paint (84%) was found to compare favourably with that for a podophyllin treatment (81%). Only one of the patients cured by the paint in that trial was found to have had a recurrence after 6 months. The paint was found to be satisfactory for use under general practice conditions. Additions to the formula did not alter its effectiveness. In the treatment of mosaic plantar warts the overall percentage cure for the SAL paint in a series of comparative trials (1969-75) was 45%. In these trials it was compared directly with one or more other preparations. No differences were found between its efficacy and that of 10% buffered gluteraldehyde (47%), 40% benzalkonium chloride dibromide (Callusolve 40) (30%) and 5% 5-fluorouracil in dimethyl sulphoxide (53%). Only 25% of thirty-six patients treated with 5% idoxuridine in dimethylsulphoxide were cured. Throughout the trials approximately 30% of patients with hand warts, 20% of those with simple plantar warts and 50% of those with mosaic plantar warts were found to be resistant to treatment. The adoption of treatment with SAL paint for hand warts and simple plantar warts by the general practitioners in the Edinburgh area has proved satisfactory. Only resistant cases are now referred to hospital and these can be treated within a few weeks instead of 4-5 months as was the case in 1969. PMID- 820366 TI - The forms of vitamin B12 in foods. AB - 1. The forms of vitamin B12 were determined in foods, most of which had been prepared for consumption. 2. Five forms were detected: adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin and sulphitocobalamin. Adenoxylcobalamin and hydroxocobalamin were the predominant forms. 3. The intestinal absorption of [57Co]sulphitocobalamin was estimated and found to be lower than that of [58Co]cyanocobalamin. PMID- 820367 TI - Reaction of dihydrofolate reductase with dansyl chloride. Chemical modification of a sensitive lysine residue and fluorometric studies of the dansylated enzyme. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase from amethopterin-resistant Lactobacillus casei is virtually completely and irreversibly inactivated by relatively low concentrations of dansyl chloride. The complete inactivation can be correlated with the dansylation of a single lysine residue and ca. 90% quenching of protein fluorescence. This quenching phenomenon appears to be due, at least in part, to energy transfer from one or more excited state tryptophan residues to the covalently attached dansyl moiety. Under identical conditions lysine is not modified when the ternary complex of enzyme-NADPH-amethopterin is dansylated. The unreactive dansyl hydroxide protects the enzyme against dansyl chloride dependent inactivation and fluorescence studies indicate a single ligand binding site (KD = 1 x 10(-4) M). It is suggested that the dimethylaminonaphthyl moiety of dansyl chloride is directed to a hydrophobic region at or near the active center of the enzyme where a particularly susceptible lysine residue reacts to form a covalent bond with the reagent. PMID- 820368 TI - Outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: accessibility of phospholipid head groups to phospholipase c and cyanogen bromide activated dextran in the external medium. AB - Whole cells of Salmonella typhimurium were treated with Bacillus cereus phospholipase C or with CNBr-activated dextran. If phosphatidylethanolamine head groups are exposed and accessible on the outer surface of the outer membrane of these cells, it was expected that these groups would be hydrolyzed by the former agent, and become covalently coupled to the latter agent. With strains producing lipopolysaccharides of S or Rc type, results did not indicate the presence of any accessible head groups on the outer surface. In contrast, with strains that produce outer membranes containing less complete lipopolysaccharides (Rd or Re type) and reduced amounts of proteins, both methods clearly showed the presence of exposed phosphatidylethanolamine head groups. These data can be most easily explained by assuming that the outer membranes of S and Rc strains either contains all phospholipid molecules in its inner leaflet or has proteins that completely cover up the head groups at its outer surface. In either model, the reduction in the amount of outer membrane proteins in Rd or Re mutants would produce membranes with exposed phospholipid head groups. CNBr-activated dextran can be easily prepared, and reacts with high efficiency under near-physiological conditions. Its additional advantage as a nonpenetrating membrane-labeling reagent is that we can be quite confident on its impermeability because of its size, in contrast, with most other reagents whose presumed impermeability is dependent only on the presence of charged groups. PMID- 820369 TI - Isolation and properties of a sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from crayfish. AB - The sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from crayfish muscle has been purified to homogeneity. The protein has a molecular weight of 44000, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium and Sephadex chromatography. It dissociates in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 8 M urea, or, after succinylation, into two subunits of 22000 molecular weight. The protein is free of carbohydrate and phosphorus but contains 4 g-atoms of calcium/44000 at a free calcium concentration of 0.1 muM. Approximately 45% of the polypeptide backbone appears to be alpha-helical. The amino acid composition reveals a high proportion of alanine and acidic amino acids, a normal content of aromatic amino acids, and the absence of histidine. The isoelectric point, as determined by isoelectric focusing, is 5.1. The protein contains a free threonyl NH2 terminal. Two thiols react rapidly in the native protein, six in the calcium-free form. Immunochemically, there is no difference between the protein from tail, claw, and heart muscle. In these three crayfish tissues, the concentrations of calcium binding protein, as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, are markedly different: 2.73 g/kg in tail, 0.72 in claw, and 0.073 in heart muscle. A functional analogy with the parvalbumins of vertebrates can be postulated. PMID- 820370 TI - Some effects of ionophore A23187 on energy utilization and the distribution of cations and anions in mitochondria. AB - The effects of ionophore A23187 on the movements of Ca2+, Mg2+, H+ phosphate, and succinate and its effects on energy utilization by mitochondria have been studied as a function of ionophore concentrations. At a low ratio of the compound to mitochondrial protein, below that required for maximal uncoupling, an apparent steady state is established between intra- and extramitochondrial Ca2+ and H+ which is maintained until anaerobiosis or inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ pump. Mg2+ is continuously lost from the mitochondria during the steady state. At higher levels of the compound, both Ca2+ and Mg2+ are released very rapidly. In the medium used, the rate of respiration produced by cyclic Ca2+ uptake and release is a function of the ionophore level between 0 and 0.2 nmol per mg of protein and of the extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration between 1 and 15 muM. The depletion of mitochondrial Ca2+ by A23187 appears to result in the complete reversal of the total ion movement occurring during energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by mitochondria. The ratio of H+ uptake to Ca2+ released is nearly 1. During ionophore-induced Mg2+ depletion, no net H+ uptake is observed, but the mitochondria are depleted of equal molar amounts of phosphate plus succinate. It is proposed that the initial H+ uptake produced by the ionophore is reversed through the combined actions of the mitochondrial phosphate-hydroxide and phosphate-dicarboxylate exchangers. The data are discussed in terms of factors affecting the "turnover number" of A23187, the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria, and some considerations affecting interpretation of data obtained by use of A23187 in cellular systems. PMID- 820371 TI - Sulfatides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the structure of the principal sulfatide (SL-I). AB - The gross structural features of five families of multiacylated trehalose 2 sulfates elaborated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv are described. The principal sufatide SL-I is a 2,3,6,6'-tetraacyl-alpha,alphs'-D-trehalose 2' sulfate, whose component carboxylate substituents (and homolgy) were previously established. In the present study the specific locations of the acyl substituents were assigned. The desulfated glycolipid (SL-I-CF) was methanolyzed on a column of diethylaminoethylcellulose (free base form), affording tri-, di-, and monoacylated trehalose mixtures. The most abundant diacyltrehalose generated was identified as 6,6'-bis-(2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octamethyl-17-hydroxydotriaconta noyl)trehalose (6,6'-bis(C40-hydroxyphthioceranoyl)trehalose), along with lower and higher homologues.A small amount (about 15%) of the unhydroxylated analogue (phthioceranate) was also recognized. From the monoacylated carbohydrate mixture (chiefly 6-(C40-hydroxyphthioceranoyl)trehalose) surviving trehalose monopalmitate(s) were isolated by preparative gas chromatography of the trimethylsilylated products. Trehalose 2-palmitate was identified as the principal component. Small amounts of the 3 isomer may also be present, but no 6 palmitate was detectable. Gentle acidic solvolysis, which minimizes the possibility of acyl migrations, afforded a different diacyltrehalose, identified by mass spectrometry of the permethylated derivative as principally 2 palmitoyl(stearoyl)-3-phthioceranoyltrehalose. A variant in which hydroxyphthioceranate substitutes at the 3 position was also recognized. The results indicate that the biological acylation processes at the trehalose core are not entirely specific, but instead yield an SL-I family, for the chief member of which a logical structural expression is deduced. PMID- 820372 TI - Quantitation of constant and variable region genes for mouse immunoglobulin lambda chains. AB - We have synthesized and characterized cDNA complementary to purified mRNA derived from the lambda chain producing myeloma tumor, RPC-20. This cDNA is of sufficinet length to encode the constant region and a major portion of the variable region sequence of the lambda gene. In addition, the expected range of cross hybridization of this lambda probe has been shown to extend to several different members of the closely related lambda subgroup, as well as to a member of the lambda subgroup represented by MOPC-315. Since there are a minimum of seven known members of the common lambda subgroup in addition to MOPC-315, these sequences, in accordance with the germ line hypothesis, must be represented by a minimum of eight variable region genes. Using the RPC-20 cDNA probe and hybridization kinetic analysis, this sequence was found to be represented as approximately two copies per haploid genome in DNA derived from a variety of k-and lambda-producing tumors and normal tissue. Inasmuch as the cross-hybridization range of the probe has been assessed and a minimum size of the lambda subgroup determined, this observation tends to rule out separate germ line genes corresponding to each individual lambda light chain variant. Certain reservations about these conclusions are discussed. PMID- 820373 TI - Binding of 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives by the light chain dimer obtained from immunoglobulin A produced by MOPC-315 mouse myeloma. AB - The light chains, but not the heavy chains, obtained from immunoglobulin A produced by the MOPC-315 mouse myeloma bind the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) group. Specific interaction with the DNP group was determined by using several immunoadsorbents, including DNP-L-lysine-Sepharose, and elution of the adsorbed light chain by DNP-glycine. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that the M 315 light chain in the form of dimer (45 260 daltons) has two identical and homogeneous binding sited that bind DNP-L-lysine with an intrinsic association constant of 6.3 x 103 M-1. This is the first report, to our knowledge, in which the light chain binding data permit reliable determination of the binding constant and valency of the isolated light chain, and which suggests a predominant role for the light chain in construction of the binding site in the intact immunoglobulin molecule. PMID- 820374 TI - Subsite interactions of ribonuclease T1: binding studies of dimeric substrate analogues. AB - Ultraviolet difference spectral binding studies of ribonuclease T1 with pGp, ApG, CpG, UpG, DGpdA, dGpdC, dGpdG, dGpdT, dTpdG, pdApdG, pdTpdG, pdGpdA, pdGpdG, pdGpdT, c(pdGpdA), and c(pdGpdG) were conducted at pH 5.0, 0.2 M ionic strength and 25 degrees C. Under these conditions, the characteristic difference spectrum and association constant for (1:1) ribonuclease T1 binding were determined for each ligand. The binding of guanosine and deoxyguanosine containing ligands could be distinguished by the shapes of their difference spectra. The results indicated that the guanine moiety of each ligand was bound at the enzyme's primary recognition site. Evidence of a specific enzyme subsite for binding the adenine moiety of ApG and pdApdG is presented. The proposal of a specific enzyme subsite for binding the 5'-phosphate group of a complexed guanosine moiety (Sawada, F., Samejima, T., and Saneyoshi, M. (1973), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 299, 596) is not supported in the present work. Preliminary evidence for the existence of two additional enzyme subsites and the effect of oligomer conformation on enzyme binding are also discussed. PMID- 820376 TI - The enzymic cleavage of linoleic acid to C9 carbonyl fragments in extracts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit and the possible role of lipoxygenase. AB - 1. Homogenates and acetone powders of cucumber fruits catalyse the enzymic conversion of linoleic acid to aldehyde and oxoacid fragments in high yield, up to 60% with acetone powder extracts. 2. The major products are trans2-nonenal--a major component of the characteristic odour of cucumber--and 9-oxononanoic acid. 3. The cleavage reaction is a heat-labile, aerobic process, optimal at pH 6 (approx.). 4. Substrate specificity studies indicate that a lipoxygenase-type of reaction is involved in the cleavage process. 5. The acetone powder extracts have lipoxygenase activity and the proportion of linoleic acid hydroperoxide to carbonyl fragments depends upon incubation conditions. 6. Linoleic acid hydroperoxide isomers are also converted to carbonyl fragments by acetone powder extracts; the 9-hydroperoxide is cleaved at the 9-10 position whereas 12-13 cleavage is predominant with the 13-hydroperoxide isomer. PMID- 820375 TI - Evidence for a lipid dependence of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. AB - 1. The lipid dependence of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from beef heart was investigated. With submitochondrial particles digestion of phospholipids by phospholipases A and C led to a partial inhibition that could not be readily reversed by phospholipids. 2. Extraction of neutral lipids including ubiquinone from lyophilized submitochondrial particles with pentane did inhibit the transhydrogenase, whereas further extraction with water/acetone led to a complete and apparently irreversible inhibition. 3. A partially purified preparation of transhydrogenase, depleted of lipids (and inactivated) by treatment with cholate and ammonium sulphate, was reactivated by various purified phospholipids but not by detergents or triacylglycerols. 4. It is concluded that mitochondrial transhydrogenase, catalyzing the nonenergy-linked transhydrogenase reaction, requires phospholipids specifically for its catalytic activity and not as dispersing agents. A mixture of phospholipids appears to fulfill this requirement better than the individual phospholipids. PMID- 820377 TI - Purification and characterization of tRNAMet-f, tRNAPhe and tRNATyr2 from Baccillus subtilis. AB - Three tRNAs specific for methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were isolated from the total tRNA of Bacillus subtilis by chromatographic procedures using BD cellulose and reversed-phase (5) chromatography. The acceptor activities of the purified tRNAs are 1160, 1260 and 1320 pmoles per A260nm unit for tRNAMetf, tRNAPhe and tRNATyr2 respectively. In tRNAMetf and tRNAPhe ribothymidine, pseudouridine and dihydrouridine are present, in addition, in tRNAPhe 7 methyguanosine and a 2'-O-methylated nucleoside were found. The modified nucleosides of tRNATyr2 are ribothymidine, pseudouridine, dihydrouridine, 4 thiouridine and 1-methyladenosine. The results suggest the presence of 2 methylthio-N6(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine in tRNAPhe and tRNATyr2. The thermal denaturation profiles of the three tRAN species are presented. PMID- 820378 TI - The synthesis and accumulation of polyamines in reproductive organs of the rat during pregnancy. AB - The pregnancy of the rat brings about profound changes of the accumulation, biosynthesis and biodegradtion of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the reproductive tissues. 1. In the ovary, the concentration of all polyamines increased markedly around the 12th day of pregnancy. In the uterus, only the concentration of spermine rose at that time. The concentration of purtrescine more than doubled in the fetal part of the placenta around the 15th day of pregnancy, while the low content of putrescine in the maternal placenta did not appreciably change during the progress of pregnancy. Both parts of rat placenta contained relatively high initial concentrations of spermine, which however, rapidly decreased until the term. 2. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) was remarkably high in the placental tissue. The fetal part of the placenta exhibited higher ornithine decarboxylase activity from the very beginning and the enzyme activity also remained at high levels throughout the pregnancy. The initially high orthine decarboxylase activity was very low in the uterus during the early days of pregnancy, however, rapidly increased a few days after the implantation. Uterine ornithine decarboxylase activity reached a maximum on day 12 to 14 of pregnancy and then swiftly decreased. 3. Both parts of the placenta contained high diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity, which, however, rapidly disappeared in the fetal part of the placenta. Although considerably decreasing, the activity of diamine oxidase still was remarkably high in the maternal placenta until the term. No diamine oxidase activity was found in the uterus of normally cycling rats. The enzyme activity was also undetectable in the uterus during the early pregnancy, but abruptly appeared on day 10 of pregnancy, reached a maximum around the 15th day of pregnancy, and therafter gradually decreased until the term. 4. The changes of activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) in the uterus and placental tissues resembled those changes found in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase also rapidly decreased after day 12 of pregnancy. 5. Uterine diamine oxidase was partially purified (about 30-fold) and its substrate specificity was determined. Diamines putrescine, cadaverine and 1,3-diaminopropane served as most efficient substrates for the enzyme. Some evidence is presented as to indicate that also spermidine and spermine were oxidized by the enzyme, although at much slower rate than the diamines... PMID- 820379 TI - Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from Streptococcus lactis. AB - The pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) of Streptococcus lactis C10 is activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2), activity being a sigmoidal function of activator concentration. The FDP0.5V (Fru 1,6-P2 concentration giving half-maximal velocity) is markedly increased in the presence of low concentrations of inorganic phosphate; 1 mM phosphate increases the FDP0.5V value 6-fold. Although the intracellular level of Fru-1,6-P2 (12-18 mM) in exponentially growing cells on the medium used is much greater than the FDP0.5V for pyruvate kinase (0.2 mM) as determined in triethanolamine-HCl buffer, a much higher Fru-1,6-P2 concentration may be required to activate the enzyme in vivo to overcome phosphate inhibition. Tris and maleate also inhibit the enzyme. At low concentrations of Fru-1,6-P2 (0.1 mM), reaction rate is a sigmoidal function of both phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentrations; at near saturating concentrations of activator (1 mM) the response to varying ADP is hyperbolic while the response to varying phosphoenolpyruvate becomes much less sigmoidal. The affinity for both substrates (especially phosphoenolpyruvate) is also increased by increasing the concentration of Fru-1,6-P2. The affinity of the enzyme for guanosine disphosphate (GDP) is 12-13 times that for ADP under the assay conditions used. The Streptococcus lactis pyruvate kinase has a molecular weight of 240000 with a subunit molecular weight of 60000. PMID- 820380 TI - Measurement of transmembrane potentials in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores with an oxacarbocyanine dye. AB - The fluorescent dye 3,3-dipentyloxacarbocyanine (OCC) can be used as a fluorescence probe to measure transmembrane potentials across Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore membranes. A reversible fluorescence increase is observed in the light which is sensitive to inhibitors, permeable ions and uncouplers. Partial interchangeability between the electrical potential and the proton concentration gradient has been demonstrated by measurement of the fluorescence increase with OCC and the fluorescence quenching with 9-aminoacridine. OCC fluorescence changes can be induced also in the dark by injection of permeable salts and by rapid pH changes presumably indicating diffusion potentials. Using salt-induced diffusion potentials for calibrating the light signals and with several assumptions, the light-induced potentials were estimated as 170 mV for the maximal signal and 90-110 mV at the steady state. OCC has been shown to apparently increase the electrical conductivity of the chromatophore membrane, a fact which may be relevant to the mechanism of action of this probe. A red shift in the OCC absorption spectrum occurs when mixed with chromatophores, with a difference spectrum maximum at 495 nm. The absorption changes at 495 nm taking place in the light are similar in kinetics to the fluorescence changes. The absorbance spectrum of OCC in organic solvents is red shifted and the extent of the shift depends on the hydrophobicity of the medium. The difference spectrum compared to water in sec-butyl acetate/n-hexane (3 : 1, v/v) with a dipole moment of 5 was nearly identical to that of chromatophore-associated dye. The uncoupling properties of OCC at high concentrations and some difficulties in calibration limit the usefulness of this probe for quantitative measurements of transmembrane potentials. PMID- 820381 TI - Role of vitamin B12 in the reduction of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides in Drosophila cells grown in vitro. AB - Adenosine was found to inhibit growth of Drosophila melanogaster cells in culture. This toxic effect is prevented by the addition of uridine + deoxyuridine, or uridine + deoxycytidine. In the presence of vitamin B12, uridine alone is sufficient to sustain proliferation of Drosophila cells inhibited by adenosine. Moreover, vitamin B12 increases the incorporation of [3H] uridine into DNA, and decreases the incorporation of [3H] thymidine. No modification of the incorporation of [14C] adenine, [14C] adenonsine or [3H] cytosine into DNA could be found in the presence of vitamin B12. It is concluded that vitamin B12 is involved in an enhanced conversion of uridine ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides derived from uridine. PMID- 820382 TI - The phosphoenolpyruvate : methyl-alpha-D-glucoside phosphotransferase system in Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 : purification and identification of the phosphocarrier protein (HPr). AB - The phosphocarrier protein (HPr) of the phosphoenol pyruvate : alpha-methyl-D glucoside-phosphotransferase system (PTS) has been purified from Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168. The molecular weight is about 8300. HPr contains 1 histidine residue. Phophoenzyme I appears to be an intermediate in the initial phosphoryl transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to HPr. Phospho-HPr is isolated and characterized as a component of the complete system. PMID- 820383 TI - 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: behavioral and toxicological effects in animals. PMID- 820384 TI - [Study of the decomposition of alkylating mutagens of the ethyleneimine series in human lymphocyte cultures]. AB - A simple method of determination (with a high reproducibility) of concentrations of the alkylating compound in the culture medium is described. Thiophosphamide failed to decompose in the course of 24 hours either in the culture mixture or in the human lymphocyte culture. As to phosphamide, dipine and fotrin, these drugs disintegrated significantly in the culture during 24 hours, but not in the course of the first 6 hours. PMID- 820385 TI - [Role of metabolic regulators in casein hydrolysate assimilation in alloxan diabetes]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats with alloxan diarbetes. It appeared that the use of metabolic regulators (inssulin, vitamin C, vitamins of group B and nerobolyl) increased the assimilation of caseine hydrolysate; this was indicated by a positive nitrogen balance, retention of body weight and an increase in the tissue dry residue. The data obtained served as a further experimental foundation of-combination of hydrolysates with vitamins and hormones for the purpose of increasing the efficacy of parenteral nutrition. PMID- 820386 TI - [Enzymatic and immunologic activity of lymphocytes during chemical carcinogenesis]. AB - The activity of acid phosphatase and some dehydrogenases in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was compared with the development of cell immunity, assessed by the macrophage migration inhibition test, during chemical carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. At the early stages of the carcinogenesis the changes of the enzymatic activities of succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase proved to coordinate with a sufficiently high level of the immunological reactivity of the cell type in 66% of the animals. With the progressive growth of the tumours there occurred a disturbance of the enzymatic balance in the lymphoid cells and a simultaneous decrease in the immunological response. PMID- 820387 TI - Kappa and lambda light chain disease: survival rates and clinical manifestations. AB - Ninety-seven patients with light chain disease (LCD) were studied. The median survival from diagnosis was 30 mo for 52 patients with kappa-LCD and 10 mo for 45 patients with lambda-LCD (p less than 0.0007). A lower proportion of kappa-LCD patients (15.7%) than lambda-LCD patients (42.2%) died within the first 6 mo after diagnosis. The survival of the remaining patients with kappa-LCD was still much longer than of those with lambda-LCD (p = 0.022). The shorter survival of lambda-LCD patients could not be ascribed to an increased incidence of recognized manifestations indicating a poor prognosis (e.g., anemia, hypercalcemia, azotemia, low albumin, the extent of osteolytic lesions, or proteinuria), the incidence of amyloidosis, the clinical stage of the disease at diagnosis, or the response to treatment, and remains unexplained. A comparison of the clinical manifestations of LCD with those of other myelomas revealed some differences. LCD patients were slightly younger than IgA and IgG patients but older than IgD patients. A 1:1 ratio of males to females was similar to the ratios in IgA and IgG myeloma, but differed from the 3:1 ratio reported for IgD myeloma. Plasma cell leukemia developed in 7/97 LCD patients, an incidence that was higher than has been reported in other myelomas. The initial BUN was more than or equal to 30 mg/100 ml in 54 of 95 LCD patients, an incidence that was higher than has been reported for IgA and IgG myeloma, but lower than the incidence in IgD myeloma. The incidence of amyloidosis in LCD (23 of 97 patients) was similar to that reported for IgA and IgG myeloma, but less than the incidence in IgD myeloma. PMID- 820388 TI - Role of calcium in different layers of vascular smooth muscle in norepinephrine contraction. AB - The role of calcium present in adventitial and media-intimal layers of rabbit aorta in the fast (F-) and the slow (S-) components of norepinephrine (10(-5) M) contraction was evaluated in this study. An increased sensitivity and decreased maximum tension to response to norepinephrine was observed in adventitia-free aorta as compared to whole aorta. Incubation in calcium-free Ringer solution with or without EDTA decreased the F-component of norepinephrine contraction of the adventitia-free aorta, whereas the F-component of the whole aorta was not affected. The S-component of both preparations was abolished in calcium-free Ringer solution. Norepinephrine increased calcium uptake into whole and adventitia-free aortic strips. An increase in calcium uptake induced by norepinephrine during the F-component of norepinephrine contraction was also observed. 45Ca efflux studies revealed the presence of an exchangeable calcium fraction in the adventitial layer. These data suggest that F-component of norepinephrine contraction is partially dependent on the extracellular calcium distributed in the adventitial layer of rabbit aorta. PMID- 820389 TI - Tissue residues from subacute oral feeding of polychlorinated biphenyl dielectric fluids. AB - The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Monochlorobiphenyl and the 30%-chlorinated biphenyl MCS 1043 did not accumulate in the lipid reservoir of the rats when fed at 25 ppm and 100 ppm in the diet. This result indicates that mono-, di-, and trichlorobiphenyls are readily metabolized and/or excreted under the conditions of this study. (2) Although a fraction of the ingested Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016 was stored in the rats' lipid reservoir, most of this residue was depleted after the rats had been on the basal laboratory diet for several weeks. (3) Residues of Aroclor 1016 accumulated more slowly and to a significantly lesser extent than those of Aroclor 1242. During the recovery period these PCB residues decreased to lower values for Aroclor 1016. This result indicates that a product containing reduced amounts of the more highly chlorinated PCBs should have improved environmental compatibility. PMID- 820390 TI - Interactions between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and soil microfungi. Effects of aroclor-1254 and other PCBs on Aspergillus flavus cultures. PMID- 820392 TI - Phacomatoses: a clinical surgico pathological study. PMID- 820391 TI - Journal selection decisions: a biomedical library operations research model. I. The framework. AB - The problem of deciding which journal titles to select for acquisition in a biomedical library is modeled. The approach taken is based on cost/benefit ratios. Measures of journal worth, methods of data collection, and journal cost data are considered. The emphasis is on the development of a practical process for selecting journal titles, based on the objectivity and rationality of the model; and on the collection of the approprate data and library statistics in a reasonable manner. The implications of this process towards an overall management information system (MIS) for biomedical serials handling are discussed. PMID- 820393 TI - Gargoylism or mucopolysacchridosis. PMID- 820395 TI - Cost-effectiveness of two methods of screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria. AB - A comparison of two methods of screening schoolgirls for asymptomatic specimens of urine from 96.3, but that the home self-administered use of dipslides was successful in only 70.2%. The failure to obtain the return of satisfactory dipslides was most frequent in children under seven and over 11 years of age, and in children from the lower social classes; satisfactory dipslides were returned by 84% of children from social classes I, II, and III non-manual workers, but by only 58% of children from social class V and the unemployed. The cost per child screened was pounds 0.77 with the supervised method and pounds 0.26 with the dipslide method. An alternative supervised method which would have successfully screened 85% would have cost pound 0.55 per child screened. Using the home dipslide method, the cost per case of asymptomatic bacteriuria detected would vary from pounds 10.40 to pounds 20.00, depending on the age group screened. PMID- 820394 TI - Lyophilised corium grafts in peripheral nerve repair. PMID- 820397 TI - Levels of ioglycamate (Biligram) in the bile of the rhesus monkey following intravenous infusion at different dose-rates. AB - The maximun rate of excretion of ioglycamate in the bile of the rhesus monkey was achieved when the rate of adminstration was at least twice the rate of excretion. A maximum concentration of ioglycamate in the bile was also established, and this is more important to the visualization of the bileducts than the quanity of ioglycamate excreted. The maximum concentration was obtained at the same rate of infusion as that which produced the maximum rate of excretion. The peak concentration was sustained longer with an infusion lasting two hours than with one lasting 36 minutes, althought the same quanity of ioglycamate had been administered. It is concluded that an infusion at a rate equal to twice the maximum excretory rate and continued for two hours or longer is a rational approach to intravenuous cholangiography particularly in those patients where there has been some diffculty in bile-duct visulization. PMID- 820396 TI - Lithium carbonate prophylaxis failure. AB - Data from non-rapid-cycling bipolar (manic-depressive) patients who were receiving long-term treatment with lithium carbonate were analysed by the life table method to determine when lithium carbonate prophylaxis failures occurred. Forty-four of 96 patients failed to keep well in spite of maintenance lithium therapy. The analysis revealed an early, rapid failure rate during the first six months of treatment, which was followed by a slower rate of failure. Several clinical factors were assessed to determine if any of them predicted which patient would experience their initial failure in the early or late interval, but none of these factors, which included age, sex, age of onset, rate of affective attacks, family history, and the nature of the preceding episode, were found to have any predictive value regarding lithium prophylaxis failure. We found, however, that patients who had early failures tended to have a subsequent early failure in spite of continued maintenance with lithium carbonate. PMID- 820398 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the right ventricle: clinical and angiographic features. PMID- 820399 TI - The continuous inhalation of oxygen-15 for assessing regional oxygen extraction in the brain of man. AB - A non-invasive steady-state method for studying the regional accumulation of oxygen in the brain by continuously inhaling Oxygen-15 has been investigated. Oxygen respiration by tissue results in the formation of water of metabolism which may be considered as the "exhaust product" of respiration. In turn the steady-state distribution of this product may be related to that of oxygen utilization. It has been found in monkeys that an appreciable component of the signal, recorded over the head during the inhalation of 15O2, is attributable to the local production of 15O-labelled water of metabolism. In man the distribution of radioactivity recorded over the head during 15O2 inhalation clearly relates to active cerebral tissue. Theoretically the respiration product is linearly dependent on the oxygen extraction ratio of the tissue, and at normal cerebral perfusion it is less sensitive to changes in blood flow. At low rates of perfusion a more linear dependence on flow is shown. The dual dependence on blood flow and oxygen extraction limits the interpretation of the cerebral distribution obtained with this technique. Means for obtaining more definitive measurements with this approach are discussed. PMID- 820400 TI - The use of Drosophila to estimate the possibility of genetic hazard from ultrasound irradiations. AB - Flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster have been irradiated with 1 MHz ultrasound at intensities of 0-05-2 W cm-2. The flies were immersed in water and rotated in the ultrasound field to ensure that they were adequately exposed to the radiation. Immersion and rotation alone were not found to impair subsequent survival and fertility of the flies. At the higher intensities of irradiation, the flies were found to be killed in direct proportion to the duration of the irradiation. However, large-scale breeding experiments with flies surviving irradiation showed that no significant increase in the frequency of recessive lethal mutation (Muller 5 system) and chromosomal non-disjunction (Clark-Sobels system) had occurred. Taken with other recent studies, this result suggests there is little risk of genetic damage to multicellular organisms from ultrasound irradiations at frequencies and intensities currently used in medical practice. PMID- 820401 TI - Angiographic changes following acute spinal cord compression: an experimental study in monkeys. AB - Acute paraplegia was produced in monkeys by abruptly inflating a balloon catheter within the epidural space. The arteriographic and epidural venous changes following such trauma were serially evaluated. Spinal-cord arteriograms following cord injury remained normal during an acute (four-hour) follow-up. Serial epidural venograms demonstrated obstruction of epidural veins within four hours at the site of contusion in less than half of the animals studied. Neither spinal arteries nor epidural showed consistent diagnostic changes following trauma due to acute epidural compression. PMID- 820402 TI - Mecillinam: a new antibiotic for enteric fever. AB - Mecillinam is a new antibiotic related to the penicillins but more active than ampicillin against salmonellae, including Salmonella typhi. Mecillinam must be administered parenterally, but the ester, pivmecillinam, is absorbed from the gut. Eight patients suffering from typhoid fever and one suffering from paratyphoid fever were treated with the antibiotic, and seven responded satisfactorily. One patient could not tolerate pivmecillinam because of vomiting but there were no other adverse reactions. Serum and bile levels of mecillinam were many times the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most salmonellae. The antibiotic is a promising addition to the agents available for treating typhoid. PMID- 820403 TI - Apparent reduction of endogenous creatinine clearance by salicylate treatment. AB - A prospective study of nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 11 healthy volunteers who started salicylate treatment showed that in 18 of the 20 subjects creatinine clearance values fell the average being 25%. Serum creatinine concentration was increased by an average of 38%, although blood urea levels were unchanged. Since 51Cr-edetic acid clearance tests performed at the same time in 12 of the subjects were not affected, the fall in creatinine clearance was probably not due to impaired glomerular function, and salicylate ingestion may therefore invalidate the creatinine clearance test as an index of glomerular filtration rate. It is clearly important to inquire into the patient's analgesic comsumption when using the creatinine clearance test to assess glomerular function. PMID- 820404 TI - Diabetic ketoalkalosis: a readily misdiagnosed entity. PMID- 820405 TI - Editorial: Swimming pool rash. PMID- 820406 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with use of contaminated medicaments. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from three hospital-prepared medicaments being used on the wards. Sixty-six patients were studied to observe the effect of using these contaminated medicaments. Psaeruginosa was recovered from 29 patients; in five the strains recovered bore a close resemblance to strains previously isolated from the contaminated medicaments. PMID- 820408 TI - Cingulate unit activity and delayed response. PMID- 820407 TI - Intensive intravenous regimen for membranous colitis. PMID- 820409 TI - Responses of subthalamic and pallidal neurons to striatal stimulation: an extracellular study on awake monkeys. AB - The unitary activity of subthalamic neurons (corpus Luysii) and of GP neurons was recorded extracellularly on awake monkeys (Macaca cynomolgus). Striatal stimulation induces in subthalamic (Sth) neurons a short latency spike discharge (10-15 msec) followed by a long lasting depression of the spontaneous activity. As, according to anatomical studies, the subthalamic nucleus is principally connected to the globus pallidus (GP), electrophysiological relations between striatal and GP neurons and between GP and Sth neurons were studied. Striatal stimulation induced an inhibitory-excitatory sequence in GP neurons and pallidal stimulation induced only a depression of the activity of Sth neurons. Since no GP neurons are excited at short latency by striatal stimulation, possible events along a striato-subthalamic pathway are discussed. PMID- 820411 TI - The electron microscopy of the synaptic vesicles of the frog habenular nuclei. PMID- 820410 TI - The effects of monocular visual deprivation: disuse or binocular interaction? AB - Patches of transnueronal degeneration were produced in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by retinal laser burns and a tarsorrhaphy was performed in the contralateral eye of Macaca mulatta during infancy. The adverse effect of unilateral visual deprivation on geniculate cell growth was absent in those portions of deprived LGN laminae that were located opposite a degenerated patch. This finding supports the hypothesis that arrest of geniculate cell growth from unilateral visual deprivation is caused by abnormal binocular interaction. However, the concurrent findings of arrest of cell growth in the monocularly innervated LGN changes, since abnormal binocular interaction cannot take place in those parts of the LGN that receive input exclusively from one eye. PMID- 820412 TI - Premature chromosome condensation and chromosome despiralization in Syrian hamster cells transformed in vitro. AB - In vitro neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster cells by chemical carcinogens or Simian adeno-7 virus results in cell lines that have rare cells possessing some chromosomes identical to those referred to as premature chromosome condensation or despiralization. These phenomena occurred without the addition of viruses known to promote cell fusion. PMID- 820413 TI - Whole mount electron microscopy of polytene chromosomes from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A simple method of whole mount electron microscopy has been developed to study the fine structural organization of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. This method preserves the structural features of these chromosomes and may be of use for rapid gene localization at the ultrastructural level. Chromosome bands were electron dense regions composed of closely packed groups of chromomeres; thin bands consisted of a single row of transverse chromomeres, while thicker bands were composed of two to several rows of chromomeres. Interband regions contained relatively straight chromatin fibres which traversed the interband zone either singly or in bundles of several fibres. The interband chromatin fibres were generally 130 A in diameter or thicker, and appeared to be composed of two or more thinner (80-90 A) fibres. Presumptive puff regions were characterized by extended chromatin fibres having a longitudinal orientation, however some transverse rows of chromomeres were also seen in these regions, suggesting that not all of the chromomeres in a band may be involved in puff formation. The chromatin fibres inthe puffs were frequently thinner than those found in the interband regions. In stretched chromosomes, the chromatin fibres were drawn out into a mass of parallel fibres without any distinction between band and interband regions, supporting the hypothesis that individual chromatids are continuous through both band and interband regions and probably extend throughout the whole chromosome. No core fibres were observed in any of the polytene chromosomes studied. PMID- 820415 TI - The development and pathogenesis of Leucocytozoon simondi in Canada and domestic geese in Algonquin Park, Ontario. PMID- 820414 TI - Neurofibromatosis with the eye fly Siphunculina funicola in an eyelid tumor. AB - A 15-year-old Indonesian girl presented with a history of one year of multiple cutaneous tumors including a protuberant mass of the right upper eyelid. Histological findings were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis. A cystic cavity in the eyelid tumor contained the eye-fly Siphunculina funicola. PMID- 820416 TI - Nuclear changes preceding microgamete formation in Leucocytozoon simondi and Leucocytazoon tawaki. PMID- 820417 TI - Use of sentinel ducks in epizootiological studies of anatid blood protozoa. PMID- 820418 TI - Time, dose, and tumor volume relationships in irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the base of the tongue. AB - Between January 1954 and August 1971, 174 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue were treated with megavoltage external beam using conventional treatment times. Since the cumulative recurrence rate was 90% by 2 years, patients surviving 2 years without primary recurrences are considered to have no evidence of disease (NED) at the primary site. The primary control rate for T1 lesions is over 90% for doses of 6000 rads in 6 weeks to 6500 rads in 6 1/2 weeks. The control rate for T2 and T3 lesions is in excess of 80% with 7500 rads in 7 1/2 weeks. The slope of a hand-drawn exclusion line for T2 and T3 lesions is 0.38. For T4 lesions no significant pattern of dose, time, and primary control could be elicited. Of the 15 mandibular necroses, only six ultimately required mandibular resection. There was a signficant relationship (p = 0.03) between the development of mandibular necroses and extension of the primary onto the mucosa covering the mandible. A plot of ret dose versus area suggested a direct relationship between the portal area (volume irradiated) and the development of mandibular necroses. PMID- 820419 TI - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Eighteen years' experience with megavoltage radiation therapy. AB - From 1956 through 1973, 82 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx received high dose megavoltage radiation therapy at Stanford University. The actuarial disease-free (NED) survival was 62% at 5 years and 56% at 10 years. The NED survivals at 5 years for patients with T1, T2, and T3 lesions were 76%, 68%, and 55%, respectively. No T4 patients were salvaged, but two of 10 patients who presented with cranial nerve dysfunction were long-term survivors. The degree of nodal involvement also had prognostic significance. Involved lymph nodes were successfully controlled in all instances when doses of at least 6500 rads were given. Initial treatment failed in 32 patients. In 24 (75%) this occurred within 18 months. Thirteen patients with initial recurrences in head and neck sites were retreated and three remain alive. Survival after retreatment ranged from 2 months fo 10 years, with a median of 16 months. Although nearly one-third (6/17) of the patients with local recurrences had initial T1 or T2 lesions, there have been no failures in patients treated for these early stages in the last 7 years. This may be attributed to the use of larger treatment fields. Likewise, prophylactic irradiation of the neck was always successful in preventing nodal disease if the primary site was controlled. PMID- 820420 TI - Predictors of radiation response in lung cancer. A clinico-pathobiological analysis. AB - From February 1972 to July 1975, 200 lung cancer patients were seen at the University of Rochester Cancer Center's Division of Radiation Oncology; 40% had squamous cell tumors and 87.5% had advanced disease localized to the thorax. Of the 160 patients who completed treatment, 101 were treated with continuous therapy schedules, and 59 were treated with split-course schedules, and 59 were treated with split-course schedules; 40 patients did not complete treatment because of early metastatic disease or death. Radiation therapy was very effective in local tumor ablation. To assess local tumor response, doubling times were obtained in measurable lesions prior to treatment. The doubling times (DT) were 25 days for small cell cancers and 192 days for adenocarcinoma. More than 50% tumor shadow regression was a good prognosticator of local tumor response; this increased as the mean DT decreased. The order of kinetic increase in tumor ablation per histology was the opposite of the one-year survival results because of the metastatic spread patterns of the different tumors. Survival rates in lung cancer emerge as simplistic and inadequate to explain local radiation effectiveness. Survival is conditioned by stage, histology, and modality of treatment, total dose delivered, and local tumor response. Although the most effective treatment dose seems to be over 6000 rads, the most efficient schedules were split-course delivering lower tumor doses. This modality of treatment is proposed as the optimal schedule to be combined with other forms of therapy with the goal of achieving better survival. PMID- 820421 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the nasal vestibule by irradiation. AB - An analysis of 36 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is made. The small lesions (T1 and T2) are highly curable by radiation therapy alone, with good functional and cosmetic results. The advanced lesions (T3), with bone destruction and metastases, are best treated by radical surgery with or without irradiation if the lesions are resectable. For the inoperable tumors, high dose megavoltage irradiation may offer palliation and, occasionally, an unexpected cure. Of 31 patients eligible for 3-year NED evaluation, 23 or 74% were alive and well without disease, after radiation therapy alone. For the T1, T2,and T3 lesions, the 3-year NED rates were 83,71, and 50%, respectively. A staging system for the primary disease is proposed. PMID- 820423 TI - Therapy of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in the rat by selective inhibition of steroidogenesis. AB - The effects of cyanoketone, a specific inhibitor of steroidogenesis at the levels of 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase-dealta54-3-ketosteroid isomerase, the combination of cyanoketone with corticosterone, and corticosterone alone on the growth of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced hormone-dependent breast cancers in rats were compared with that produced by ovariectomy. Cyanoketone produces about as many regresssions of these cancers as does ovariectomy. However, cyanoketone with corticosterone results in a significant regression of tumors in all animals tested. This therapy also causes regression of significantly more tumors that are large at the beginning of treatment than does ovariectomy. These findings suggest that this kind of reversible blockade of steroidogenesis may be useful as a diagnostic tool in assessing the hormone dependence of breast tumors and as a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of such tumors. PMID- 820422 TI - Hexamethylmelamine. An evaluation of its role in the therapy of cancer. AB - Hexamethylmelamine (HMM) has been undergoing clinical trials for about a decade under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. It has been tested in Phase II and III cooperative group studies and has a wide spectrum of activity in solid tumors. Its activity is most marked in ovarian cancer, lymphomas, and carcinoma of the cervix; the drug is also active in bronchogenic carcinoma and carcinoma of the breast. Considerable clinical evidence suggests a lack of cross resistance between HMM and alkylating agents. the currently popular dose is 300 mg/m2/day p.o. for indefinite periods if tolerated. The dose-limiting toxicity is neurologic, but gastrointestinal side effects and a moderate degree of myelosuppression are also observed. Combination chemotherapy using HMM is underway in ovarian and lung cancer. Futher exploration of its activity as a single agent in tumors such as those of the bladder, prostate, and uterus, and in combination chemotherapy in lymphomas, and mammary, cervical, and pulmonary tumors is warranted. PMID- 820425 TI - Operative staging of apparently localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: results in fifty unselected patients. I. Experimental design and preliminary results. AB - The design and details of a prospective, randomized study protocol involving bipedal lymphography, and exploratory laparotomy with selective node biopsy in patients with apparently localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate are presented. The analysis includes the results of selected diagnostic tests, and an assessment of the accuracy of clinical vs. surgical staging in 50 unselected patients. Lymphatic metastases were found at the time of diagnostic laparotomy in 18 of the 50 patients (36%). Both increasing size (advanced T stage) and decreasing differentiation of the primary tumor were associated with an increased incidence of lymph node metastases. Of 25 patients with T1 and T2 tumors (Stage B), and 25 patients with T3 tumors (Stage C), lymphatic dissemination was found in 20 and 52%, respectively. Eleven of 20 patients (55%) with poorly differentiated tumors had lymph node metastasis, compared with only 2 or 11 patients (18%) with well differentiated tumors. Twelve patients had a change in their clinical stage following exploratory laparotomy; in eight the stage was increased and in four it was decreased. Of 18 patients with lymphatic metastases, some of which were extensive and most of which were associated with increased serum acid phosphatase values, no evidence of concurrent bony or visceral dissemination was found. Although preliminary, this finding should stimulate the search for effective treatment in these patients who were previously thought to be incurable on the basis of probable vascular dissemination. PMID- 820426 TI - Preoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - From 1960 through 1973, 415 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with radiation therapy. Three hundred and thirty-two patients had planned preoperative irradiation to a dose of 4500 rads in 18 fractions, and 101 of these had subsequent resections with either colon or stomach replacement. The operative mortality in this group was 18% and the 2- and 5-year survivals were 22.8 and 13.6%, respectively. The dose of 4500 rads in 18 fractions produced tumor sterilization in 3% and reduction to in situ carcinoma in 10% of these 101 patients. The survival was considerably improved in this small group of patients. Those patients not amenable to exploration had a 3% 5-year and a 5.6% 2-year survival was 12.1%. The overall survival was 9% at 2 years and 6% at 5 years. The results in this series are compared with the most recent reports in the literature. PMID- 820424 TI - Use of the dog spleen for studying effects of irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents, with suggested uses of other organs. AB - The irradiation of the exteriorized spleen of the dog, with the animal lead shielded, produced constant changes in the white blood cells. The time of recovery from the irradiation effect was determined. The normal canine spleen could handle live pneumococci injected into the splenic artery, as proven by sterile cultures of splenic vein samples. The size of the bolus used was determined by repeated trials and proved to be one billion pneumococci per pound of body weight. The capacity of the irradiated spleen to handle this number of pneumococci was impaired. It was found that whole body irradiation, nitrogen mustard, thio-tepa, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine, and azothioprine all impaired this capacity of the spleen. The dose of the chemotherapeutic agent was the same in milligrams per kilogram as that used in the cancer clinic. A method for determining the recovery time following the use of one or more agents was developed with the repeated use of the spleen model. By extending the methods used with the spleen it was found that similar use could be made, usually without surgery, of the liver, gut, and lungs (and probably the kidney and brain). PMID- 820427 TI - Exoenzymic activity of alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. AB - Amylose and amylopectin from two starch sources were partially degraded by alpha amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. The degradation products were fractioned by gel-permeation chromatography and high-pressure, liquid chromatography. Two distinct fractions were obtained from tapioca amylose. One is a fragment having a molecular weight exceeding 200,000, and the other consists of oligosaccharides of low molecular weight with a degree of polymerization of 1-8. In contrast, treatment of tapioca amylose with soluble alpha-amylase produces a single fraction, nearly all of which has a molecular weight of less than 35,000, with only traces of small oligosaccharides detectable by high-pressure, liquid chromatography. Even wider differences were observed in degradation products from tapioca amylopectin. Similar activity-patterns were obtained with immobilized and soluble enzyme, using corn amylose and corn amylopectin as substrates. Immobilization of alpha-amylase on the resin apparently restricts the activity of the enzyme to the ends of the starch molecules, making it appear to be limited to exoenzymic activity. PMID- 820428 TI - Effect of isoprenaline and nitroglycerine on pressure time indices and coronary graft blood flow in man. AB - In five patients studied 1 to 3 d after coronary artery surgery isoprenaline and nitroglycerine have been used to alter the systolic (TTI) and diastolic (DPTI) pressure time indices. A close correlation with the predicted relationship between diastolic coronary graft flow and the DPTI/TTI ratio has been demonstrated during isoprenaline-induced tachycardia. Nitroglycerine reduced diastolic coronary graft resistance and increased the DPTI/TTI ratio, effects which are desirable for the relief of angina. PMID- 820429 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin with and without systemic hypotension on canine regional myocardial tritiated water deposition. AB - A marked alteration in the transmural distribution of left ventricular blood flow, with a relative increase in subendocardial and mid-wall flows, but with no change in the distribution of the relative blood flow to the two ventricles occurred when nitroglycerin was administered and the systemic arterial blood pressure in the upper body maintained near control levels in anaesthetized, open chested dogs. The relative increase in subendocardial and mid-wall flows may have resulted from a direct action of nitroglycerin on the coronary vasculature. On the other hand, the intravenous administration of nitroglycerin, when followed by the hypotension which it produces, did not alter the transmural distribution of blood flow in the left ventricle of the dog. Blood flow to the right ventricle relative to flow to the left ventricle increased in this situation. PMID- 820432 TI - The tetracycline dilemma and a vital bleaching technique. PMID- 820430 TI - An electron microscopic study of Babesia microti invading erythrocytes. AB - Intracellular sporozoan parasites invade the host cell through the invagination of the plasma membrane of the host and a vacuole is formed which accommodates the entering parasite. The vacuole may disappear and the invaginated membrane of the host then becomes closely apposed to that of the parasite's own membrane. As a result the parasite is covered by two membranes. Members of the class Piroplasmea differ from other Sporozoa in that their trophozoites are covered by a single membrane. By screening numerous sections of intraerythrocytic Babesia microti belonging to the class Piroplasmea, it was found that merozoites of Babesia enter the erythrocytes of hamsters in the same way as those of the other Sporozoa. When a merozoite touches the red blood cell with its anterior end it becomes attached to the membrane of the host, which starts to invaginate and a parasitophorous vacuole is formed. The vacuolar space disappears rapidly and the membrane of the vacuole and that of the parasite become closely adjacent. At this stage the parasite is surrounded by two plasma membranes. The outer membrane derived from the invaginated host membrane disintegrates quickly and the parasite is left with a single membrane throughout its life span. PMID- 820431 TI - DNA of ciliated protozoa: DNA sequence diminution during macronuclear development of Oxytricha. AB - We have measured the reassociation kinetics of DNA from the micronucleus and from the macronucleus of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha. The micronuclear DNA reassociates with at least a two-component reaction, indicating the presence of both repeated and non-repeated sequences. The kinetic complexity of micronuclear non-repeated DNA is in the range of 2 to 15 X 10(11) daltons; the haploid DNA content of the micronucleus is 4 X 10(11) daltons (0.66 pg), measured microspectrophotometrically. The DNA of the macronucleus reassociates as a single second-order reaction, with a kinetic complexity of 3.6 X 10(10) daltons. A comparison of the kinetic complexities of micronuclear and macronuclear DNAs suggest a 5 to 30 fold reduction in DNA sequence complexity during the formation of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Macronuclear DNA is in pieces with an average molecular weight of 2.1 X 10(6) daltons. Since the kinetic complexity of macronuclear DNA is 3.6 X 10(10) daltons, the macronucleus must contain about 17,000 different kinds of DNA pieces. Each macronucleus contains 3.5 X 10(13) daltons (58 pg) of DNA, indicating that each sequence must be present about 1000 times per macronucleus or 2000 times per cell. PMID- 820433 TI - Contact sensitivity in rabbits sensitized with dinitrophenylated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 820434 TI - The mediator of cellular immunity. XI. Origin and development of MIF producing lymphocytes. PMID- 820435 TI - The Rhesus factor. PMID- 820436 TI - [Secondary infections in patients with tetanus in Dakar]. PMID- 820437 TI - [Sickle cell disease in children. Value of hygergine in the treatment and prophylaxis of the crisis]. PMID- 820438 TI - [Sensibility study to antibiotics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by serotype]. AB - A study to 100 N. gonorrhoeae strains demonstrated a sensitivity to antibiotics similar to that observed in 1973. On the other hand, an antibiogram for each of the 5 serotypes showed the peculiar sensitivity of the D serotype to penicillin in vitro. PMID- 820440 TI - [Lacrimal tumor revealing a dysglobulinemia]. PMID- 820439 TI - [Results of a serological survey on arboviruses in animals in the lower Omo valley (Ethiopia)]. PMID- 820441 TI - [The first manifestations of freemartinism in the calf fetus do not depend on XX/XY chromosomal chimerism]. AB - In order to investigate the eventual role of XX/XY chimerism in freemartinism the vascular anastomoses between twin fetuses were surgically suppressed in litters with several fetuses, before the appearance of the first sexual anomalies. In three female fetuses isolated from their co-twins on days 37 and 45, the initial freemartin effect of gonadal and Mullerian inhibition was absent, in spite of an important XX/XY chimerism in the liver. PMID- 820442 TI - [Changes in serotonin and leucine transport mechanisms after the application of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine) to rat mesencephalic synaptosomes]. PMID- 820443 TI - [The effect of allactectomy after the imaginal molt on the mating of female Blaberus craniifer Burm (Blattaria)]. PMID- 820444 TI - [Circulating ecdysone levels in late larval stages and the induction of the nymphal diapause in Pieris brassicae]. AB - Ecdysone titers of hemolymph are measured during 5th larval instar of Pieris brassicae reared under either conditions inducing pupal diapause or continuous development. The peak values for the two conditions are not different and, therefore, seem not to be related to the mode of development. A few hours before larval-pupal ecdysis, a new secretory activity begins only in the non diapausing prepupae. Ecdysone injections in diapausing prepupae give results that agree well with those above. PMID- 820445 TI - [Circadian rhythm in the response of male Acrolepiopsis (Acrolepia) assectella Zell. (Lepidoptera) to the pheromones of their females]. AB - In photoperiod and constant temperature, male responsiveness to female pheromones shows a circadian rhythm with a maximum, when females are calling, at the end of scotophase. During photophase, a second peak appears which may correspond in nature with sexual activity at dawn. The sex pheromone production by female seems maximum during scotophase. PMID- 820446 TI - [Effect of sodium deprivation on the isolated guinea pig ileum in a physiological medium or in the presence of scorpion venom]. AB - We concluded from our results that contractures which occurred when NaCl is replaced by other substitutes could be due to increased Ca entry. This ionic disturbance does not produce any increase of the resting acetylcholine output such as that described for the innervated longitudinal muscle obtained from the ileum. In this environment, venom from the Scorpion (Androctonus australis) is shown to have no effect. PMID- 820447 TI - [The reversible effect of puromycin action on the Artemia salina ovum at the beginning of segmentation]. AB - Reversibility of the antimitotic activity is very slow: a new argument favours the hypothesis of the necessity of protein-synthesis for initiation and continuation of mitosis. PMID- 820448 TI - [Meiotic prophase in germinal cells of rat ovarian primordium cultivated in vitro in anhormonal medium]. AB - Gonads of female Rat fetuses were cultured in vitro in an anhormonal medium with the whole or parts of the mesonephros, at an age of 12, 13 or 14 days, i.e. 2 to 4 days before the onset of meiosis. Under these conditions the meiotic prophase takes place and proceeds to the dictyate phase, obeying a somewhat delayed chronology in comparison with controls in vivo. PMID- 820449 TI - [In vitro effect of oxytocin on intracellular transit and secretion of milk proteins]. AB - Mammary tissue slices are pulse-labelled for 3 mn in 3H leucine, then incubated in a chase-medium. When oxytocin (10(-6) UI/ml) is added 20 mn after the beginning of the pulse and for 5 mn, intracellular transit of radioactive milk proteins is accelerated and discharge in the incubation medium is increased. Hence it appears that oxytocin can stimulate secretion of milk proteins at the cellular level. PMID- 820450 TI - [Some effects of the incorporation of maltodextrines at reduced levels in the diet of growing rats and swine]. AB - Glucose soluble alpha-polymers in hypoproteic, semi synthetic, diets for the Rat and Pig, have, even in low percentage incorporation, a favourable effect on the nutritional efficiency of the nutrients, particularly on proteins. PMID- 820451 TI - [Control of ATP metabolism in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides]. AB - Growth kinetics and cell composition (RNA, protein, bacteriochlorophyll and adenosyl nucleotides phosphate) of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides in photosynthetic growing culture with continuous illumination and various intermittent light regimens have been examined. The results indicated that bacteriochlorophyll and RNA were controlled by ATP level and protein synthesis and growth by the ability of the cells to utilize intracellular ATP. PMID- 820452 TI - [Induction of rat hepatic mono-oxygenases by ellipticine: formation of cytochrome p448. Hydroxylating activity]. AB - Ellipticine is able to induce cytochrome P448 synthesis in Rat liver microsomes which converts the drug into 9-hydroxy derivative, with a higher rate than microsomal cytochrome P450 of non-treated or phenobarbital induced Rats. In vivo, ellipticine is also transformed into a second hydroxylated product on the indole aromatic ring. PMID- 820453 TI - [Ultrastructural demonstration of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity using potassium ferricyanide]. AB - Sections of Rat and Amphibian adrenocortical tissue fixed in a mixture of 1% formaldehyde and 0.25% glutaraldehyde, are incubated in a medium containing namely a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid (substrate), NAD, potassium ferricyanide (hydrogen acceptor) and copper sulfate. A hyaloplasmic copper ferrocyanide precipitate is observed in the immediate vicinity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes, or in close contact with them. This reaction, which does not occur in media lacking the substrate or containing cyanoketone, is a result of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Problems concerning the precise localization of this enzyme are discussed. PMID- 820454 TI - [Mechanisms of placental iron transfer in mustelids]. AB - In the mustelids which have a placenta of an endotheliochorial type, the mineral necessary for the foetal erythropoiesis comes to the foetus after the breakdown of the erythrocytes by the trophoblast, in placental hematoma. This experimental study, with 59Fe, shows that the main source of iron for the foetus is the maternal hemoglobin iron. PMID- 820455 TI - [Effects of n-dipropylacetate on cardiac frequency and emotionality in mice]. AB - n-di-propylacetate (nDPA) reduced the heart rate level of Mice. Heart rate is often related to animal's emotionality. The nDPA would reduce the emotional behaviour. PMID- 820456 TI - [Late consequences of an early stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus on the acquisition and extinction of alimentary conditioning]. AB - Male Sprague Dawley rats received at 13 days of age bilaterally implanted electrodes in lateral hypothalamus. At 15th and 16th days of age they underwent a total of 4 hrs imposed stimulation, according to a self-stimulation model of a 15 days animal. Electrodes were removed on the 17th day. Between the 42nd and 46th days, animals were tested in a skinnerian, alimentary reinforced task. In acquisition as well as in extinction behavior, early stimulated animals performed better than animals of the same age, implanted but non stimulated or non implanted. PMID- 820457 TI - [Regressive modifications and involution of left differentiated Mullerian ducts of female chickens under testosterone action]. AB - The testosterone is able to provoke the complete and selective disappearance of the already differentiated left female Mullerian duct (9 to 19 days of development). The intensity and rapidity of the involution are a function of the hormonal concentrations added to the culture medium; these concentrations however remain very low. PMID- 820458 TI - [X-ray diffraction study of the binding of Cu2+ and Ag2+ cations to DNA]. AB - An X-ray diffraction study has been undertaken on fibres of two different DNA compositions respectively corresponding to 42 and 72% of (G-C) base percentages. The fibres were prepared after binding of copper or silver ions to the DNA gels. With a relative humidity of 92%, the B-form has been observed for these two DNA molecules in the presence of copper ions or with a low percentage of silver ion binding. When the silver ion percentage is increased, a new form appears. From the comparison between the experimental and calculated intensities one can note that the proposed binding sites for copper involve few modifications in the X-ray patterns. For the silver, the calculated intensities show that the metal atom is near the double helix axis. For low percentages of silver the site between successive guanine bases cannot be distinguished with certainty by intensity analysis. PMID- 820460 TI - [Particles resembling virus associated with the Y organ of the crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)]. AB - Virus-like particles have been observed in the Y organ of the shore Crab., Carcinus maenas. These particles are ovoid in form and enveloped. Their morphogeneses occur by budding from the plasmic membrane. Their relationship to viruses of Crustacea is discussed. PMID- 820459 TI - [Induction of cytochrome P450 and vitamin A. Study in swine under the influence of DDT]. AB - DDT induces in young Pigs a rise of hepatic level of cytochrome P 450 and a concomitant decrease of the hepatic "reserve" of retinol. The amplitude of these effects varies according to the hepatic lobe submitted to analysis. PMID- 820461 TI - [Deformation and orientation of sickle erythrocytes submitted to shearing forces]. AB - Blood from patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia gives a "cross shaped" diffraction pattern, when submitted to shear stresses in the Ektacytometer. This pattern, which seems to be specific to these cells, is due to the existence of two populations of elliptical cells: one population (normal, deformable cells) aligned parallel to the direction of the flow, and the other (abnormal, rigid cells) perpendicular to the direction of the flow. PMID- 820462 TI - [Antitumoral immunity induced by the administration of homologous and isologous tumoral cells treated by moderate heating]. AB - Treatment of tumour cells with heat ranging between 46 and 52 degrees C attenuates strongly their virulence and renders the tumour cells immunogenic to the host. By repeated administration of heat treated tumour cells suspended in Freund's complete adjuvant, the animals acquire a state of immunity which makes them tolerant to tumour inocula 100% lethal in the controls. The immunity so conferred is cell-mediated and can be adoptively transferred to isogenic recipients with donor peritoneal exudate and, to a lesser degree, splenic cells. PMID- 820463 TI - [Formation of intercellular contacts between embryonic quail and chicken cardiomyoblasts in culture in vitro]. AB - In mixed cultures of Japanese Quail and Chick cardiac cells, it is possible to recognize the two cell types by the structural differencies of their nuclei. Therefore, the formation in culture of intercellular contacts can be observed. PMID- 820464 TI - [Influence of chloride ions on the kinetic parameters of rat brain choline acetyltransferase]. AB - Kinetic properties of Rat brain choline acetyltransferase were studied. Chloride ions promoted the increase of the Km values for the two substrates. Vmax was increased sixty times when chloride ions concentration was elevated from 4.6 to 291 mM. PMID- 820465 TI - [Cytoimmunological demonstration of LH-RH neurons in the human fetus]. AB - Neurons and axons were characterized by means of an antiserum against LH-RH in hypothalamus of human faetuses from the 13th week of gestation until birth. The morphology and the elective localization of neurons and axons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, premamillary area and in lamina terminalis, and the termination of axons, particularly those of the tubero-infundibular tract, are described. The results obtained permit discussion of hypothalamic control of gondotropic secretion in the human faetus from the 13th week. PMID- 820466 TI - [Effects of DDT on several generations of quail. Statistical study of mortality, fecundation, hatching, laying, and egg and chick weight]. AB - The external application of commerical DDT to Quail eggs, during 4 successive generations or only to the 1st, did not decrease fertility but had significant repercussion on embryonic mortality, hatchability, egg production, egg and Chicken weight. PMID- 820467 TI - [Research on the catabolism of phosphonic acids: biodegradation of the C-P bond by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - 3-Aminopropylphosphonic acid and 2-(beta-alanyl-amino)-ethylphosphonic acid can be used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a phosphorus source. Both compounds undergo a biodegradation through the cleavage of the C--P bond, without any modification upon the amino or amino-groups of the substrates. PMID- 820468 TI - [Course of the level of aliphatic and naphtenic hydrocarbons and of 3,4 benzopyrene in mussels taken in a coast area polluted by a fuel spill]. AB - After a fuel spillage, a coastal zone was polluted and wild Mussels were contaminated by paraffinic and naphtenic hydrocarbons and 3,4-benzopyrene. The evolution of this contamination was followed. Normal levels were re-established after a month and a half. Normal paraffins were metabolised faster. PMID- 820470 TI - [Gratuitous induction of beta-D-glucuronidase of Escherichia coli K 12]. AB - The study of beta-D-glucuronidase induction with gratuitous conditions enabled us to strengthen the model of a dual negative regulation characterizing the biosynthesis of this enzyme. The concerted action of analogs structurally related to the natural inducers of the beta-D-glucuronidase demonstrates the cooperative effect of the two repressor molecules responsible for the blocking of the synthesis of the enzyme. PMID- 820469 TI - [Periodic changes of populations in a prey-predator system: Escherichia coli Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus]. AB - The prey-predator system Escherichia coli-Bdellovibrio bacterivorus was investigated in a very poor medium. Optical density recording and numerations of the bacterial species showed synchronous oscillations of the concentration of both microbial populations. PMID- 820471 TI - [Demonstration of circular ribonucleic acid in the Lumbo virus (Bunyavirus)]. AB - Electron microscopy study of RNA extracted from Lumbovirus shows the existence of circular molecules, which are not susceptible to thermal or chemical denaturation. These facts suggest that the RNA is present inside the virion in a covalently closed circular form. PMID- 820472 TI - [Intravenous self administration of insulin in the rat]. AB - Using a chronically implanted cardiac catheter, the ability of Rats to learn and to sustain a self-injection of regular insulin was demonstrated. During 12 days or more, 10 normal rats were shown to self-inject a daily amount of insulin averaging 7.7 I.U./kg body weight. The temporal pattern of the daily insulin self administration was related to the recorded meal pattern. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the periprandial amount of self-injected insulin and the meal size. PMID- 820473 TI - [Action of the polytissular antitoxic principle (PATP) on the genitically leukemic AKR mouse treated by para-di(2-chloroethyl)-L-phenylalanine (PDCPA)]. AB - An antitoxic polytissular principle extracted from various tissues, improves the survival time of the AKR genetically leukemic mouse and protects it against the toxicity of an antimitotic, the para-di-(2-chlorethyl)-1-phenylalanine, used in leukemia and myelomae. PMID- 820474 TI - [Introducing systematic degradation of the quantity of informations collected from a skull by metric study, inherent in the utilization of the quantitative method traditionnally used in cranial morphology]. AB - Due to the fact that in present-day traditional craniometry one does not take into account the relative position of all the measured diameters or cords, one happens to construct, through a set of measures made on a given skull, an abstract multiform representation which has more than one million possible variants. PMID- 820475 TI - [Perinatal evolution of the sleep cycles in the lamb]. AB - The alternation between NREM-REM sleep occurs in the foetal lamb as an ultradian rhythm with a period of 30-40 min. until 6 to 8 hrs. before birth. Cycling of sleep-wakefulness in the neonate is related to a circadian cycle of exploratory activity and feeding, to an ultradian basic rest activity cycle and to an alternation between NREM-REM within a period of sleep. PMID- 820476 TI - [New data on olfactory control of estral receptivity of female rats]. AB - Olfactory bulb deprivation increased sexual receptivity in 4-day cyclic female rats on the late afternoon of prooestrus (6-7, p.m.). The proportion of receptive females was higher in bulbectomized (B) than in sham operated (SH) animals. On the contrary the same proportion of B and SH females mated in the evening of prooestrus (10. 30-11. 30 p.m.). An increased lordosis quotient was observed in the B females at either of these two stages of the cycle. PMID- 820477 TI - [In vivo and in vitro effect of hyperbaric oxygen on lactate dehydrogenase activity of serum and organs of the mouse]. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase activity in Mouse liver, kidney and lung was decreased after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (1,8 atm) in vivo and in vitro. Oxygen inhibitory effect could occur through the oxidation of LDH essential free sulfhydryl groups. Serum LDH activity was diminished in vitro, while it was strongly increased in vivo. This enhancement probably resulted from the release in serum of cellular enzymes proceeding from oxygen injured tissues. Oxygen might inhibit both H and M LDH sub-units, since isozyme pattern was different in each organ. PMID- 820478 TI - [Specificity of the effect on the avoidance conditionning of microinjections of 6 hydroxydopamine in rat nigro-striatal system]. AB - Bilateral micro-injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra or the striatum of the Rat impair the acquisition of a two-way avoidance response. This effect is not due to nutritional deficiencies and it is not associated with changes in locomotor activity. PMID- 820479 TI - [Rapid and prolonged facilitation of stereotyped motor behavior (verticalization) induced by apomorphine in mice previously submitted to stimulation of dopaminergic receptors]. AB - The climbing behaviour, a stereotyped motor behaviour, is elicited in mice by stimulation of striatal dopamine receptor by low doses of apomorphine. The action of apomorphine is unexpectedly enhanced in animals pretreated with a single dose of this agent (5 mg/kg). This enhancement occurs as early as 2 h following the first administration and persists for at least 3 days. It is also observed after pretreatments with a combination of L-DOPA and dexamphetamine. This effect seems independent from the desensitization of the dopaminergic receptors involved in thermoregulation that we have previously reported. PMID- 820480 TI - [Physiological aging of rabbit erythrocytes and global carbohydrate composition of membranes]. AB - Rabbit erythrocytes were separated in vitro according to their age in vivo by centrifugation. The content of sialic acid and of neutral hexoses is significantly reduced on the old erythrocyte ghosts when compared to young ones. The content of fucose and hexosamines of young and old erythrocyte ghosts is similar. PMID- 820481 TI - [Large scale molecular organization in particles of DNA-poly-L-histidine association]. AB - The aggregation state of desoxyrinonucleic acid (DNA)-poly-L-histidin (PLH) association depends on both salt concentration and polymerisation degree of the polypeptide. The circular dichroism of DNA associated to PLH is very different from C.D. of DNA alone, and depends on the way in which the mixing has been done. These important modifications of the spectrum have been attributed to a large scale variable organization in the particles of the aggregate. PMID- 820482 TI - [Modification by vincristine action of the appearance of miniature potentials in the frog neuromuscular junction]. AB - Effects of Vincristine (VCR) are compared to those of Vinblastine (VLB) on spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (mepp) recorded intracellulary from myoneural junctions of the frog. A decrease of mepp amplitude and an enhancement of mepp frequency are observed with VCR as well as VLB. But VCR induces spontaneous giant potentials later than VLB, only after washing the preparation with drug-free Ringer solution for 20-40 min. It is concluded that VCR may interact with several pre- and post-synaptic loci. PMID- 820483 TI - [Recording by transcutaneous route of the normal and pathological curves of mitral blood velocity by pulsed emission and modulated reception Doppler technic associated with echocardiography. Preliminary report]. AB - A new method, derived from the Pulsed Doppler Technique is proposed for recording transcutaneously the Mitral Valve flow velocity curves in normal subjects and diseased states. The recorded curves are described and found similar to those obtained experimentally in animals or clinically using CW doppler cardiac catheterization. Characteristic anomalies are found for each type of lesion (stenosis and/or regurgitation) and correlated with the degree of its severity. The authors conclude that this technique may provide a new non-invasive method for diagnosing and assessing Mitral Valve disease. PMID- 820484 TI - [Measurement of the fraction of left ventricular effective ejection by associated radiocardiography-radioisotope scanning of the heart cavities]. PMID- 820485 TI - Angiocardiography with iridium-191m: an ultrashort-lived radionuclide (T1/2 4.9 sec). AB - Iridium-191m is a potential tracer for angiocardiography and may be of particular value in the evaluation of heart disease in children. It possesses a short half life (4.9 sec), suitable photon energy (129 keV) and may be obtained as a generator product by decay of its long lived (15.3 day) parent 191 Os. An 191Os leads to 191mIr generator capable of providing 15 mCi of 191mIr in 1.5 ml of eluant is described. The separation of 191mIr from 191Os is achieved by absorbing 191OsC16-2 on an anion exchange resin. The generator employs an additional resin column which is replaced to prevent 191Os breakthrough to become excessive. By this procedure, the breakthrough may be kept below 0.001% over a period of at least one month and after multiple elutions. PMID- 820486 TI - Toward preventing coronary death from ventricular fibrillation. AB - Sudden coronary death from ventricular fibrillation is the biggest and possibly the most remediable of the major public health problems at the moment. Most of those liable to sudden death can be identified and it is possible that by the use of beta-adrenergic blocking or other antiarrhythmic drugs, by reducing the consumption of cigarettes and perhaps, by different therapies for hypertension, a substantial proportion of coronary deaths might be prevented or, at least, postponed. PMID- 820487 TI - The effect of sodium cromoglycate in preventing aspirin induced bronchospasm. AB - Seventeen patients with aspirin-induced asthma were studied, the majority being intolerant to more than one analgesic. In addition to asthma, eleven patients had sinusitis and eight had nasal polyps. Serum IgE levels were normal with a mean of 295 iu/ml. However, some patients had positive cutaneous and PK tests against inhalants and non-analgesic drugs. Spirometry showed the bronchial obstruction to be mild. However, all patients were hyper-reactive to acetylcholine. Oral provocation tests with aspirin alone and also with the prior administration of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) by inhalation were performed and the results assessed by spirometry and clinical examination. The results suggest that the obstruction is probably due to oedema of the bronchial mucosa together with pulmonary congestion rather than a simple spasm of the bronchi. SCG was found to prevent significantly the ventilatory obstruction induced by aspirin. It is suggested that non-immunological factors are responsible for the asthma and that SCG may have an effect on the altered receptors protecting them from the action of aspirin on kinins. PMID- 820488 TI - Improved electroimmunodiffusion assay of fibrinogen. PMID- 820489 TI - Letter: Free thyroxine index vs. free thyroxine concentration in inherited partial thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) deficiency. PMID- 820490 TI - Roles of the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in velopharyngeal movement. AB - The present study was designed to clarify the role of the motor nerves in velopharyngeal movements. Experiments were carried out on 15 anesthetized rhesus monkeys on the assumption that their velopharyngeal structures are similar to those of human beings. The pattern and degree of velopharyngeal movements with stimulation to the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves in the petrosal area were analyzed by means of fiberscopic observations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Velopharyngeal movements were most active with stimulation to the vagus, then the glossopharyngeal, and, finally, the facial nerve. 2. Complete closure by unilateral stimulation was elicited only by the vagus nerve and not the facial or glossopharyngeal nerves. 3. The pattern of velopharyngeal movements observed when stimulating the facial nerve was quite different from those seen when the glossopharyngeal or the vagus nerve was stimulated. That is, movements in a plane at the upper part of the nasopharynx were observed on stimulating the facial nerve while upward movements from all of the velopharyngeal structures were seen when the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve was stimulated. 4. Combined stimulation to the nerves sometimes resulted in additive effects on velopharyngeal movements, but these could be recognized in only a few cases. This study reveals that the motor nerves innervating the velopharyngeal muscles play different roles in velopharyngeal movements. PMID- 820491 TI - Carbonic andydrase isoenzyme B in erythrocytes of subjects with different types of anemia. AB - A specific and quantitative immunological method for determination of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (HCA) isoenzyme B has been used to determine the contents of enzyme in the erythrocytes from healthy persons and from subjects with different types of anemia. The investigations have shown a statistically significant increase of HCA type B in the erythrocytes of subjects suffering from uremic anemia, cancer anemia, megaloblastic anemia while in sideropenic anemia the content was normal. In erythrocytes from patients with acute bleeding anemia the content of HCA type B was significantly decreased. An inverse relationship was found between B-hemoglobin and HCA type B in megaloblastic anemia but not in the other types of anemia. PMID- 820492 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of pulmonary surfactant. The role of the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in primate and non-primate lung. AB - The relative importance of the choline incorporation and methylation pathways of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was studied in the rat, rabbit, rhesus monkey and human lung. In vitro studies showed that phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity in the lungs of all species was only a fraction of that in rat liver. In vivo experiments were carried out to study the incorporation of an intravenously administered equimolar mixture of L-[methyl 14C]-methionine and [methyl-3H] choline into lipid inthe lung and liver of the rabbit and monkey. Over 90% of the total radioactivity incorporated into lipid was found in phosphatidylcholine. In the liver, methionine incorporation was 40- 71% of that of choline in the rabbit and 99--120% in the monkey while in the lungs of both species it was less than 3%. On a weight basis, choline incorporation in the lung was 2--4 times that in the liver. These findings suggest that the methylation pathway is of little quantitative significance in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in primate and non-primate lung. PMID- 820493 TI - Protein-protein coupling reactions and the applications of protein conjugates. PMID- 820494 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition: a study of red blood cell and serum enzymes during and after crisis. AB - This paper reports a study of changes in red blood cell enzymes and some serum parameters during and after treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition. The red cell GSH levels were low during the crisis, together with the levels of GSSG:NADPH reductase, GSH:H2O2 peroxidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. After treatment the levels of all these enzymes increased significantly to normal values. Of the serum parameters investigated, significant reduction in the activity of the enzymes cholinesterase, catecholamine oxidase, total proteins, albumin, urea and electrolytes were obvious, and returned to normal values after treatment. Ceruloplasmin activity remained low even after three weeks' treatment and could not be related to copper levels. The results are discussed in relation to anemia and liver damage that may accompany the syndrome. PMID- 820495 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine-binding globulin in human plasma. AB - A highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay for thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) has been developed. Crossreactivity with albumin and prealbumin was excluded. The normal range in young adults was 0.97 mg/100 ml. In childhood TBG was elevated (1.34 mg/100 ml) also in old age (1.28 mg/100 ml). In normals and in childhood there was a good correlation of TBG with thyroxine (T4). T4 did not correlate with TBG with regard to age. Triiodothyroxine (T3) did not correlate with TBG in any group. T4 and T3 exhibited a progressive decrease with age. No correlation between age and TBG was found. In mild thyrotoxicosis (T3 : 4.5 ng/ml, with normal T4 and negative TRH-test) TBG was slightly increased (1.20 mg/100 ml), whereas in more severe hyperthyroidism (T3 : 6.4 ng/ml, T4 : 16.3 mug/100 ml) TBG concentration was not significantly different from normals. In hypothyroidism TBG was elevated (1.26 mg/100 ml). The conclusion from these data is that TBG does not follow the progressive decrease of T4 and T3 with age. Thus, age-dependent euthyroid ranges for thyroid hormone concentration, including TBG concentration, must be established for better clinical discrimination of thyroid function. Possible dependence of TBG on the nature of thyroid hormone concentration must be considered in the production and peripheral kinetics of thyroid hormones. PMID- 820496 TI - Comparison of serum IgE determination by radioimmunoassay and by single radial immunodiffusion. AB - Two commercially available methods of total serum IgE determination have been evaluated, viz: the radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) and the assay by single radial immunodiffusion (RID). RIST was found a suitable and rapid method for the wide range of IgE concentrations to be expected in the sera of an allergic population. The RID method has a lower limit of detection of about 1000 I.U./ml; over this value, both techniques provided statistically correlated results. However, for technological reasons RID was considered less suitable for routine application. PMID- 820498 TI - T and B lymphocytes in the marmoset: a natural haemopoietic chimera. AB - The thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocyte populations of the marmoset were characterized using specific cell surface markers Approximately 85% of the thymocyates formed rosettes with neuraminidase treated sheep erythrocytes (En). The percentage (approximately 69%) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) forming rosettes with En was the same as that which stained with fluorescently labelled goat anti-marmoset thymocyte serum (ATS). These two assays identified the same cell population since treatment of cells with ATS and complement resulted in a concomitant decrease in En rosette formation. Marmoset PBL also formed rosettes with human erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement (HEAC); since the percentage (approximately 20%) HEAC rosette was the same as that of cells stained with fluorescently labelled goat anti-marmoset IgG, these cells were considered to be B cells. A small percentage of cells (approximately 1-5%) possessed both types of receptors. The mean percentages of T and B cells present in PBL of single-born, presumably non chimeric animals, were the same as that of iso-sexual and heterosexual chimeras. PMID- 820497 TI - Characterization of the antibody response of the marmoset to sheep red blood cells. AB - The immune competence of two species of marmosets, S. fusciollis and S. oedipus, was evaluated by the intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In S. fusciollis marmosets, 1 ml of a 50% suspension yielded titres of haemolysin and agglutinating antibodies equal to or greater than 1 ml of a 10% dose of antigen. In both species, the i.v. route, while resulting in formation of 19S and 7S agglutinins, yielded only 19S haemolysins, even after multiple antigen injections. Repeated i.v. injections resulted in a progressive decrease in peak titres, in contrast to the i.m. route, where booster inoculations gave a typical anamnestic response. Jerne plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleens of S. oedipus marmosets showed predominately 19S plaques after a primary i.v. challenge; only 19S PFC were detected in the spleen of an animal that had been given multiple inoculations, the type of antibody produced reflecting that found in the serum. 19S but not 7S haemolysins of both species were sensitive to heating at 56 degrees C for 1/2 hr. The serum titres and splenic PFC data from the marmosets suggest these animals, particularly S. oedipus, respond poorly to SRBC when a comparison is made to similar studies in mice and rats. PMID- 820499 TI - Detection of immune complexes in mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - A specific binding test was used to detect immune complexes containing antigens of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in the serum and tissues of infected mice. Complexes were precipitated by antiserum against immunoglogulin, free antigen removed by washing and the presence of bound antigen demonstrated by measurement of uptake of radioactively labelled specific antibody by the precipitate. Tests were done both with 125I-labelled FAB prepared from an immune from rabbit antiserum against M. Lepraemurium and with 125I-labelled IgG precipitate. Out of seventy-nine serum samples taken monthly up to the 5th month after infection, only there were positive (one at 2 months and two at 3 months). Kidneys taken from infected mice were also examined for immune complexes. Although deposits of IgM and sometimes of IgG were observed by immunoflourescence in glomeruli of normal mice, deposits of IgG were more frequent later on in infected mice. Nevertheless, binding tests done on acid eluates were positive in only one out of fifty-three infected mice. PMID- 820500 TI - Amyloid fibril protein AA in Papua New Guinean amyloidosis. AB - In this study of protein composition of amyloid fibrils isolated from eight patients representative of the spectrum of amyloidosis found in Papua New Guinea has been investigated. All fibril preparations, including three from patients with amyloidosis secondary to lepromatous leprosy and one from an unusual juvenile case of primary amyloidosis, contained the non-immunogobulin amyloid protein, protein AA. However, only 44% of thirty-six amyloid patients had detectable levels of the protein AA-related serum component, protein SAA. Alkali degraded material from each of the fibril preparations failed to react in double immunodiffusion test with antiserum to the amyloid-related light chain VgammaV, but evidence was found for this immunoglobulin light chain-specificity in the serum of one patient. PMID- 820501 TI - Oral contraceptive, pulmonary artery thrombosis and anti-ethinyl-oestradiol monoclonal IgG. AB - Pulmonary artery thrombosis and an anti-ethinyl-oestradiol monoclonal IgGlambda were found to be associated in a 36-year-old woman (Mrs MAI.) who took an oral contraceptive containing 50 mug ethinyl-oestradiol and 500 mug nor-ethisterone daily. After appropriate purification including methods by which the IgG was separated of bound circulating hormones, its binding activity was demonstrated by several methods: passive haemagglutination of oestradiol-benzoate sensitized red blood cells; gel filtration on Sephadex G-25; ultracentrifugation and equilibrium dialysis. IgGlambda MAI bound ethinyl oestradiol (Ka=2-7 X 10(1) M-1) and also 17 beta-oestradiol, with a lower affinity (Ka=0-4 X 10(7) M-1). The valency for these two hormones was near 2. Ethinyl-oestradiol bound to the IgG was displaced by ethinyl-oestradiol itself and in decreasing order of potency by 17-beta oestradiol, progesterone, oestriol, and testosterone. Oestrone and hydrocortisone had no effect. Although the localization of the binding sites of this IgGlambda was not studied, it is likely that they were the antibody sites of the molecule and, according to immunochemical criteria, it may be classified as a monoclonal anti-ethinyl-oestradiol antibody. It is felt that its association with the pulmonary thrombosis and the oral contraceptive may be significant. This supports the hypothesis of an immunological mechanism for the unexplained thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives. PMID- 820502 TI - A hitherto unknown streptococcal antigen and its probable relation to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - In the initial phase of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN), antigenic sites not covered by specific antibody can be demonstrated in the glomeruli. These sites are on the endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangial matrix. The antigen is contained in a water-soluble fraction of nephritogenic streptococci. It can be highly purified by column chromatography or acrylamide electrophoresis. This antigen against which the patient develops specific antibodies is contained and immunologically identical in all nephriotogenic streptococci examined so far irrespective of their M or T protein. It is not identical with any known streptococcal extracellular product. When antibodies are produced in rabbits against this streptococcal antigen they localize on kidney biopsies, obtained early during the disease from patients with AGN in an identical way as does the labelled antibody of the serum of patients wiht AGN. This antigen may be suited as a vaccine for the prevention of AGN. PMID- 820503 TI - Bacterial infection in haematological diseases. PMID- 820504 TI - Protozoan infections in haematological diseases. PMID- 820505 TI - Facets of the structures of acetylcholine receptors from Electrophorus and Torpedo. PMID- 820506 TI - Receptor coupling in the toad retina. PMID- 820508 TI - The functional organization of projections from striate to prestriate visual cortex in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 820509 TI - Basilar membrane motion. PMID- 820507 TI - Functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived macaque monkeys. PMID- 820510 TI - Nonlinear interactions underlying visual orientation behavior of the fly. PMID- 820511 TI - A comparative study of porphyrin synthesis by whole blood and haemolysates from different mammalian species. PMID- 820512 TI - Cuticle protein in Locusta migratoria. PMID- 820513 TI - A comparative study of the beta-crystallins of four sub-mammalian species. PMID- 820514 TI - Biosynthesis of membrane and a membrane glycoprotein in Tetrahymen a pyriformis. PMID- 820515 TI - Heterogeneity and specificity of non-histone nuclear phosphoproteins. PMID- 820516 TI - The effect of tricyclic antidepressant compounds on patients with passive dependent personality traits. PMID- 820517 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infections with cephradine. PMID- 820518 TI - Gentamicin sulfate in infections associated with surgery or trauma. PMID- 820519 TI - A double-blind comparative study between amcinonide and betamethasone valerate in the treatment of eczematoid conditions. PMID- 820520 TI - Non-absorption of nitrofurazone from the urethra in men. PMID- 820521 TI - The bioavailability of enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid: a comparison with buffered ASA in rheumatoid arthritis II. PMID- 820522 TI - A chromosome rearrangement in orangutan studied with Q-, C-, and G-banding techniques. AB - A constitutional chromosome rearrangement is a phenotypically normal male organutan is described. The rearrangement resulted from three breakages in chromosome 9 and involved a pericentric inversion and additional reciprocal transpositions of the terminal segments of both arms. Q-, G-, and C-banding studies were carried out, and it was shown that the chromosomes affected was a member of the only pair in the complement that lacked a centromeric C-band and that its G-banding pattern closely resembled that of chromosome 12 in man. The origin of the rearrangement and the role of such rearrangement in producing chromosome polymorphisms are discussed, particularly in relation to evolution and speciation. An additional pair of heteromorphic chromosomes (No.23) is also described. The short arm satellited region of one member of the pair was found to be variable and strongly C-banded. PMID- 820523 TI - Studies of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, genome. I. Cytological characterization of chromosomal heterozygosity. AB - Chromosomal banding analyses have revealed two nonhomologous pericentric inversions in the telocentric group of chromosomes of a squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. This individual is probably an intersubspecific hybrid whose parents originated from different geographical locations. The C-banding pattern shows polymorphism in location and amount of constitutive heterochromatin in at least four pairs of chromosomes. Ammoniacal silver (Ag-AS) staining specific for locating the nucleolar organizers indicates that these are located on only one pair of chromosomes and that there is a difference in the size of the nucleolus organizer regions between the homologs of this pair. PMID- 820525 TI - Lipovitellenin-lipase and deoxyribonuclease activities of hospital staphylococci. PMID- 820524 TI - Relationships between the concentrations of doxycycline in serum and in thoracic duct lymph after oral and intravenous administration in man. AB - The concentrations of doxycycline in serum and in thoracic duct lymph at various times after oral and intravenous administration of 200 mg of the drug were determined in 10 patients subjected to thoracic duct cannulation for diagnostic purposes. After oral administration, a mean peak serum concentration of 2.4 mug/ml (n=7) was obtained within 3 h; then the levels successively declined. The concentrations in thoracic lymph were lower, a mean peak concentration of 1.6 mug/ml being found 3 and 6 h after the intake. After intravenous administration (n=3), the concentrations of doxycycline in thoracic duct lymph were lower than but closely followed those in serum. The difference in concentrations between serum and lymph 1-6 h after the start of the infusion never exceeded 30%. The results suggest that doxycycline is rapidly distributed to the extracellular tissue fluids. PMID- 820526 TI - Absence of short period interspersion of repetitive and non-repetitive sequences in the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A sensitive search has been made in Drosophila melanogaster DNA for short repetitive sequences interspersed with single copy sequences. Five kinds of measurements all yield the conclusion that there are few short repetitive sequences in this genome: () Comparison of the kinetics of reassociation of short (360 nucleotide) and long (1,830 nucleotide) fragments of DNA; 2) reassociation kinetics of long fragments (2,200 nucleotide) with an excess of short (390 short nucleotide) fragments; 3) measurement of the size of S1 nuclease resistant reassociated repeated sequences; 4) measurement of the hyperchromicity of reassociated repetive fragments as a function of length; 5) direct assay by kinetics of reassociation of the amount of single copy sequence present on 1,200 nucletodie long fragments which also contain repetitive sequences. PMID- 820527 TI - Carbonate dehydratase (carbonic anhydrase) and the fetal lung. AB - Carbonic anhydrase activity (carbonic dehydratase, EC 4.2.1.1) has been detected in the fetal lungs of stillborn human infants and rhesus monkeys, but a role for this enzyme in the fetal lung has not been elucidated. In utero the mammalian lung develops as a liquid-filled structure, the liquid being secreted by the lung. In the fetal lamb this liquid, when compared with plasma, has a high chloride and a low bicarbonate concentration, suggesting a possible role for carbonate dehydratase. Studies on 10 fetal lambs confirmed the presence of carbonate dehydratase in the lung. Levels at 60-66 days were negligible and rose to 0.30 Meldrum Roughton units/mg protein at about 140 days (term 147 days), with little change after birth. In another six fetal lambs at 135-136 days, inhibition of this enzyme with 100 mg acetazolamide suppressed the mean rate of secretion of lung liquid by 64.5% (P less than 0.005), which correlated with a significant drop in chloride concentration (P less than 0.001). This magnitude of changes in secretion after acetazolamide is of the same order as that occurring in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid when carbonate dehydratase is inhibited. This observation supports the hypothesis that carbonate dehydratase in fetal lung affects the secretion of lung liquid, although its mechanism is as yet unknown. PMID- 820528 TI - Carboxypeptidase B-like and trypsin-like activities in isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - Trypsin-like and carboxypeptidase B-like proteinases are believed to play important roles in the conversion of proinsulin into insulin as well as in the intracellular processing of a variety of other precursor forms. To facilitate the study of these enzymes we have developed sensitive methods for their detection in tissue preparations and incubation media. Studies with rat islet homogenates indicate the presence of both trypsin-like and carboxypeptidase B-like activities with slightly acidic pH optima. The trypsin-like activity was activated by thiols and inhibited by several thiol reagents but the carboxypeptidase was inhibited only by chelating agents. These properties suggest that these enzymes are related to the tissue cathepsins. Additional experimental approaches to the problems of positively identifying and localizing converting enzymes at the subcellular level are briefly discussed. PMID- 820529 TI - Peptide metabolism. PMID- 820530 TI - [3-Dimensional reconstruction of the contracted tail of Bacillus mycoides bacteriophage H-17]. PMID- 820531 TI - [Interpretation of the supramolecular organization of photosynthetic membranes]. PMID- 820532 TI - [Mechanism of permeation of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons through rat and mouse placentas]. PMID- 820533 TI - [Cytogenetic analysis of complementation groups in the 10A1-2 disk of Drosophila melanogaster X-chromosome]. PMID- 820534 TI - [Independence of u.-v.-induced mutagenesis on the postradiation replication of DNA in Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 820535 TI - [Spatial structure of the tail of bacteriophage AR9 of Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 820536 TI - [Letter: Optimal protein substitution in intravenous feeding]. PMID- 820537 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined quantitatively by radial immunodiffusion in 50 patients with ulcerative colitis and 41 with Crohn's disease. 50 clinically healthy probands formed the control group. There was no correlation with duration, severity, and localisation of the disease, or with the treatment used. IgA was significantly lower in ulcerative colitis as compared with the control group. The most marked changes of immunoglobulin levels observed were in Crohn's disease: whereas IgA was increased by 37%, IgM was decreased by the same percentage. A typical immunogram in Crohn's disease is a valuable differential diagnostic feature as compared with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 820538 TI - [Mushroom worker's lung caused by inhalation of spores of the edible fungus pleurotus Florida ("oyster mushroom") (author's transl)]. AB - A new edible mushroom, known as oyster mushroom (Pleutrotus Florida, variety of Pleurotus ostreatus) has recently gained commercial importance in Europe, having been imported from the U.S.A. in 1963 and cultivated in Germany between 1972 and 1973. Several persons concerned with the cultivation and industrial production of this mushroom fell ill, after close contact with it over a period of some months, with exhaustion, headache, chills and fever, and cough. These symptoms, similar to those of "farmer's lung" were proved to be caused by the spores of Pleurotus Florida, inhaled in harvesting rooms. The suspicion of an allergic disease, is supported by the history and clinical picture, and the demonstration of precipitating antibodies against spore extracts (Ouchterlony test). The antigens probably have a high molecular weight and are fixed to the spore membrane. Experimental sensitisation of rabbits also revealed precipitins. One of three isolated antigens produced antibodies identical in man and rabbit. PMID- 820540 TI - [Principles and practice of prolonged parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 820539 TI - [Indications for and duration of intensive care]. PMID- 820541 TI - Symmetrical gangrene of the extremities caused by Neisseria meningitidis type C. PMID- 820542 TI - [Clinical studies on the plaque-preventive effect of HEDP]. PMID- 820543 TI - [Desmoid tumors (invasive fibromas) in the mouth and maxillofacial region (clinical aspects and pathology)]. AB - The desmoid is the independent pathological entity of a non-metastasizing fibroma invading the local neighboring structures. It is derived from fascia, aponeuroses or tendines. In rare cases it is found in the oral and maxillofacial region. For a firm diagnosis, it is absolutely necessary to combine clinical data (location, size growth, behavior vis-a-vis adjacent structures) with pathologic-anatomic findings (invasion of the adjacent tissue, especially musculature). In this respect, examination of the marginal regions is of decisive importance. Because of the frequency of recurrences and the danger of sarcomatous degeneration, radical resection is the therapy indicated. PMID- 820544 TI - [Differential diagnosis of macroglossia]. AB - In addition to a survey of differential diagnoses to be considered in cases of macroglossia, rare general disorders connected with macroglossia are pointed out. As shown especially in a case of primary amyloidosis, recognition of and differential diagnostic considerations with regard to macroglossia sometimes make it possible to diagnose a general disorder not yet recognized. PMID- 820545 TI - A new radioimmunoassay for follicle-stimulating hormone in macaques: ovulatory menstrual cycles. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay system for macaque follicle-stimulating hormone (mFSH) was developed utilizing an antiserum (H-31) prepared in a rabbit against purified ovine FSH as the immunogen. Sera from castrated female, adult male, and juvenile rhesus monkeys, as well as urinary extracts from castrated rhesus and bonnet monkeys, were used to demonstrate parallelism with a standard of partially purified monkey pituitary gonadotropins (LER-M-907-D). An extract of baboon pituitary tissue also showed parallelism with the reference standard. A highly purified pituitary extract (WP-X-105-28), containing approximately 75% macaque luteinizing hormone (mLH) and 1% mFSH, was used to demonstrate the specificity of this mFSH assay system. Sera and urinary extracts obtained from hypophysectomized monkeys did not show cross-reactivity in the assay. Macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) did not produce an inhibition curve in the assay, as determined from serum samples and urinary extracts collected from pregnant monkeys at the time of peak mCG secretion. Serum concentrations of mFSH were suppressed in ovariectomized monkeys by the administration of ethinyl estradiol for 3 days, but returned to near pretreatment values by 96 h after the last estradiol administration. The determination of serum mFSH concentrations in daily blood samples obtained from 20 rhesus monkeys throughout ovulatory menstrual cycles revealed a pattern similar to that previously reported for the rhesus monkey and the woman. The peak value of serum mFSH during the menstrual cycle coincided with the midcycle surge of mLH in each case. The gonadotropin peaks were preceded by increasing serum concentrations of estradiol and followed by rises in the serum concentrations of progesterone. The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was characterized by continuously decreasing serum concentrations of mFSH, reaching a preovulatory nadir 48 h prior to the midcycle mFSH and mLH surges. Serum mFSH concentrations following the midcycle gonadotropin surges decreased progressively as serum progesterone concentrations increased and reached a plateau, and then increased during the last week of the menstrual cycle as corpus luteum function was waning. We have prepared a large pool of antiserum for distribution under the aegis of the Contraceptive Development Branch of the Center for Population Research, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. PMID- 820546 TI - Attempts toward biosynthesis of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone and studies on its breakdown in hypothalamic tissue preparations. AB - Attempts were made to study the reported biosynthesis of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH = pyroGlu-His-Pro-amide) by incubating extracts of freeze dried hypothalamic tissue with radioactively labeled precursor amino acids. Chromatographic analysis indicated a fast incorporation of radioactivity into many metabolites, including one that initially co-migrated with TRH. However, on two-dimensional chromatography, such coincidence disappeared and thus a biosynthesis of TRH could not be confirmed. A very fast degradation of TRH by serum, as well as by brain tissue preparations, was observed and was studied in detail because it could be a cause of difficulties encountered in detecting an in vitro synthesis. In hypothalamic and cortical tissue preparations, on incubation with TRH labeled with [3H]proline, fast formation of radioactively labeled deamido-TRH and liberation of prolineamide and free proline were found. On incubation of serum with labeled TRH there was a similar rapid breakdown, but different products were yielded. Degradation of TRH by serum has been reported to be strongly inhibited by pyroGlu-His-OCH3, a dipeptide analogue of TRH (10). The peptidolytic cleavage of TRH by brain enzymes, yielding proline and prolineamide as split products, was also effectively reduced using comparatively high concentrations of the dipeptide ester without, however, preventing TRH deamidation. Presuming deamido-TRH to be a biosynthetic intermediary, we decided to continue studying the synthesis of TRH with hypothalamic tissue preparations in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of the dipeptide ester, aiming at the isolation of deamido-TRH. Using [14C]proline as the label, it appeared that rather large amounts of radioactively labeled deamido-TRH, which was identified as such by vigorous purification, could be isolated from such incubates. However, only proline was incorporated, but labelled histidine or glutamic acid were not, and ATP addition was, if anything, inhibitory. Therefore, this proline incorporation could not have been due to de novo synthesis. Since the inhibiting pyroGlu-His-methyl ester was rapidly split during incubation, and, therefore, presumably inhibited the tissue peptidase by competition, we have concluded that ester-derived peptidase-bound dipeptide had reacted with [3H]proline in reverse to form the radioactive deamido-TRH in a process unrelated to biosynthesis. PMID- 820547 TI - Pituitary stalk portal blood collection in rhesus monkeys: evidence for pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary stalk portal blood was collected from 12 female rhesus monkeys. The pituitary stalk was approached transorbitally and cut at the level of the diaphragma sellae under direct visualization. After complete heparinization of the animal, stalk portal blood was obtained continuously, for periods of 30 minutes to 9 hours, using a constant exfusion pump at a rate of 30 to 40 mul/min. The mean GnRH in portal blood, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was 66 +/- 6.6 pg/ml (+/- SE) in 7 ovariectomized animals and 51 +/- 5.3 pg/ml (+/- SE) in 2 monkeys during the early follicular phase. Fluctuations in portal blood GnRH were most prominent in ovariectomized animals, with peak levels of 200 800 pg/ml and intervals of 1 to 3 hours between pulses. Peaks of GnRH during the early follicular phase did not exceed 200 pg/ml. The administration of estradiol (1000 ng, iv) to 3 monkeys did not decrease GnRH levels within the next 2 hours. These data provide direct evidence for a hypothalamic mediation of pituitary LH pulsatile release. PMID- 820549 TI - Epilepsy, a product of trauma in our time. AB - Using data obtained by the National Center for Health Statistics through household interviews, an estimate of 8,100,000 cases of head injury was determined for the civilian population of the United States in 1974. Excluding contusions and lacerations of the scalp, face, and neck; there remained 1,900,000 with concussion, skull fractures, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral laceration, or other intracranial injury. Extrapolating from the military experience with craniocerebral trauma admittedly a rough approximation, it is estimated that in 30% of this latter group one more seizures will develop. Both severity of the injury and the predisposition of the injured are thought to play a part in the occurrence of seizures, with the predisposition playing the dominant role in the persistence of seizures. The following gradation of posttraumatic epilepsy is predicted for the 1,900,000 with the greater implication of brain damage: 1,340,000 will never have a seizure; 560,000 will develop one or more attacks, most of which will begin in 1974, 1975, or 1976. In 280,000 of these, the attacks will be transient and of little consequence. In an equal number, the attacks will require medical attention, and in some 140,000 the seizures will be intractable to therapy. This latter group represents 7% of the 1,900,000 cases. Attention is directed to the practical problems in the control of carniocerebral trauma and of posttraumatic epilepsy. PMID- 820548 TI - The anterior hypothalamus: how it affects gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. AB - The effects of hypothalamic lesions on spontaneous and estrogen-induced LH release were studied in 17 female rhesus monkeys with regular menstrual cycles. In the cycle before surgery, all of the animals experienced 3- to 10-fold increases in serum LH and elevated (above 3 ng/ml) serum concentrations of progesterone. Three to 6 days after the onset of menstruation, lesions were made in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (POA-AHA) in 14 monkeys by radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF) or by the 180 degrees rotation of a modified "Halasz" knife. About 35 days after surgery, the circulating levels of estradiol-17 beta (E2) increased to more than 200 pg/ml in each of the 14 monkeys. Three of the animals with RF lesions and 3 with knife lesions did not release LH or have elevated serum progesterone levels, an indication that they had not ovulated (effective). In 8 animals, 5 with RF and 3 with knife lesions, an LH surge and elevations in serum progesterone were observed (ineffective). After a 90-day postoperative period, the effective and ineffective lesioned groups and an additional group of 6 intact controls were given E2 to test further the ability of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis to release LH. The animals with effective lesions did not respond to increased E2 titers (200-400 pg/ml), but those in the ineffective and control groups showed an LH surge. Six to 11 months after surgery, histological examination of the brains from the animals with effective lesions revealed extensive bilateral destruction of the ventral POA AHA. The suprachiasmatic nuclei or connections between these nuclei and the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) were destroyed. In 2 animals, the supraoptic and ventromedial nuclei were partially damaged. In no instance was there damage to the paraventricular, dorsomedial, or arcuate nuclei. In animals with ineffective lesions, bilateral destruction of the POA-AHA was less extensive and most of the lesions were unilateral. Ovaries from animals with effective lesions contained small to medium follicles but luteal tissue was conspicuously absent. Spontaneous LH surges and elevated serum P occurred in 2 of 3 additional animals that had 270 degrees cuts around the MBH which left one anterior quadrant intact. Damage to the median eminence region was evident in the one animal that did not ovulate. These results suggest that in rhesus monkeys bilateral destruction of the ventral POA-AHA blocks spontaneous ovulation and compromises the ability of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis to release LH in response to estrogen. PMID- 820550 TI - Parenteral penicillin in rats: an experimental model of multifocal epilepsy. AB - Parenterally injected penicillin in rats induces a peculiar pattern of multifocal epilepsy. The effective amount is higher than that required in cats. The epileptiform activity initially appears on the cortical mantle of one hemisphere; after a variable delay, contralateral cortical spikes arise in a completely asynchronous way. Spontaneous independent firing is observed, with a further delay in subcortical structures. Although cortical spiking shows a tendency to become bilaterally synchronous, such synchrony has been only occasionally observed between the various subcortical structures. Formation of generalized spike-and-wave complexes, as reported in cats, or other features reminiscent of the human petit mal did not occur. This study stresses the differences in pathophysiological responses to the same epileptogenic model according to species variation. PMID- 820551 TI - Failure of 2- and 10-meter radio waves to induce genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 820552 TI - Acute effects of Aroclor 1254 on the feline cardiovascular system. PMID- 820553 TI - DNA repair in baboon alveolar macrophages: a system for assessing biohazardous materials. PMID- 820554 TI - Baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2 (L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase). An immunological study of structure and function. AB - Baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2 has been suggested before to be a polyglobular protein formed after a gene fusion process. It is known that one of the potential globules, the heme-binding core, can exist in the absence of the rest of the protein. Using antibodies elicited against the whole enzyme and against the core, we show in this paper that part of the core surface, and in particular the mouth of the heme-binding crevice, must be exposed in the complete enzyme molecule. Antibodies inhibit the activity of intact and proteolytically-cleaved enzymes, which normally show a number of differences in some kinetic parameters. Interestingly, antibodies against the core induce a modification of some kinetic constants for the cleaved enzyme (in particular the Km for the substrate and Ki for D-(-)-lactate, bringing them back to values similar to those for the intact enzyme. These results can be interpreted as a tightening of the cleaved enzyme by anti-core antibodies. The conformational effect is transmitted from the heme binding region to other parts of the molecule. This implies some intimate contacts between the core and the rest of the protein. PMID- 820556 TI - The molecular basis of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase deficiency. AB - The molecular basis of phosphorylase kinase deficiency was investigated in ICR/IAn mice, which show less than 0.2% of normal activity in skeletal muscle (Cohen, P.T.W. and Cohen, P., 1973). The genetics of the deficiency indicate it is a single gene defect on the X-chromosome (Lyon, J.B., 1970). Phosphorylase kinase was purified from skeletal muscle of a control strain, C3H/He-mg, by three different procedures. (a) Ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. (b) Hydrophobic chromatography and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B to which antibody to rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase has been linked covalently. (c) Precipitation from muscle extracts with anti-phosphorylase kinase antibody. All three procedures showed C3H/He-mg phosphorylase kinases were similar to the rabbit muscle enzymes, the structures of the two isoenzymes being (alphabetagamma)4 and (alpha'betagamma)4 respectively. The proportion of the (alpha'betagamma)4 isoenzyme relative to the (alphabetagamma)4 isoenzyme was however about 1:1 in murine muscle compared to about 1:10 in rabbit muscle. Since the alpha and alpha' subunits appear to be distinct gene products, the defect in ICR/IAn mice cannot be caused by a mutation in the genes coding for either the alpha or alpha'chains, or 50% of normal activity would be observed. All three procedures for C3H/He-mg mice failed to detect any of the four subunits alpha, alpha', beta and gamma in ICR/IAn mice, suggesting that all four chains are absent in the deficiency. An allele for the beta-subunit was identified in rabbits, and the inheritance of the allele showed that it was determined by an autosomal gene. Assuming conservation of X-linkage between mammals, the defect in ICR/IAn mice cannot be caused by a mutation in a beta-subunit gene. It is proposed that ICR/IAn mice are defective in a control gene located on the X chromosome which is required for the expression of structural genes, at least one of which, the gene for the beta-subunit, is located on an autosome. The results imply that interchromosomal transfer of information takes place during the synthesis of phosphorylase kinase. PMID- 820555 TI - Bacillus subtilis phage phi29. Characterization of gene products and functions. AB - A total of 22 phi29-induced proteins have been resolved by slab gel electrophoresis; two of these proteins are the precursor and product fragment, respectively, in the synthesis of the neck appendage protein of the phage. The protein products of 10 out of the 17 cistrons detected in the genome of phage phi29 have been identified. Mutants in two other cistrons fail to synthesize two proteins. Mutants in six genes do not synthesize phage DNA. A cistron, probably involved in the final lysis of the infected bacteria, has been found. Mutants in this gene give place, under restrictive conditions, to delayed lysis and produce, after artificial lysis, a burst size similar or higher than that obtained after wild-type phage infection. PMID- 820557 TI - Comparative structural and immunochemical properties of leghaemoglobins. AB - Circular dichroism studies on leghaemoglobins from snake bean, lupin, serradella and other plants show that, in common with soybean (reported earlier) they have a similar overall polypeptide chain conformation and haem environment and orientation. Immunochemical studies, on the other hand, suggest that the antigenic determinants on the surface of the leghaemoglobins vary considerably. Thus, firstly the alpha-helix content of the leghaemoglobins as a class is very similar (60-65%) and approaches that of the myoglobins, secondly, the sign, magnitude and shape of their circular dichroism spectra in the near ultraviolet, Soret and visible regions suggest close similarities in the environment and orientation of a structurally important tryptophan residue and of the haem moiety, and thirdly, there is comparatively weak haem-protein interaction. The extent of immuno cross-reactivity was found to be best deomonstrated using the Farr radioimmunoassay procedure. The results were (a) 5 leghaemoglobins from one plant (soybean) crossreacted completely but with varying affinities. (b) The extent of cross reactivity between leghaemoglobins from different plants was compared to that within a single plant; the reaction of antiserum to a soybean leghaemoglobin with a serradella leghaemoglobin was weak, with a snake bean leghaemoglobin still weaker (and incomplete) while lupin leghaemoglobins showed no cross reactivity at all. (c) The "rapid" attenuation of cross reactivity among different plant leghaemoglobins is explicable in terms of the extensive amino acid substitutions which have been demonstrated in the literature and in the present studies. (d) In view of this rapid divergence it is not surprising that sperm whale and horse heart myoglobins showed no cross reactivity with soybean leghaemoglobins. In summary, amino acid substitutions in the leghaemoglobin family are conformationally but not immunochemically conservative. PMID- 820559 TI - Changes in morphology and hormone dependency following transplantation of rat 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 820558 TI - Vitamin E concentrations in term and preterm newborns and their clinical course. AB - Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants has been described as being associated with low hemoglobin levels in the 2nd month of life. Recently, low vitamin E concentrations were suspected as being associated with sudden death in infancy. As vitamin E is absorbed incompletely from the premature's intestine, vitamin E levels in the serum were determined in 80 prematures on the 10th day of life. The result was correlated to the clinical course of the infants and to the hemoglobin levels up to the 30th day. Low concentrations of vitamin E and lower hemoglobin levels were found more frequently in new borns, whose clinical course was characterized by additional complications and who received parenteral nutrition. A group of uncomplicated newborns showed no correlation of vitamin E to hemoglobin values. Thus early diagnosis of vitamin E-dependent anemia is not possible and the usefulness of vitamin E should be investigated only in newborns with an uneventful clinical course. PMID- 820560 TI - [Nursing procedures for cynomolgus monkey infants (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes the results of the artificial nursing of 8 infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) weighing 230-350 g at birth. The infants were separated from their mothers just after or 2 days after birth and were kept in a specially deviced small cage (Photo 1 & 2). They were fed on 6.4-16.6% solution of a commercially available powdered milk for the human baby. Apple juice also was given to them from the 3rd or 4th week on. In about the 6th week, the infants received solid foods such as small pieces of apple, biscuit and monkey chow. The main part of the dietary regimen was changed to the solid diet around the 12th week. The volume of milk taken was recorded every day, and the daily intake ff three major nutrients was estimated with the milk intake (Fig. 1,2,5,6). The body weights were between 600 and 750 g on the day of weaning, that is at about 12 weeks of age, except No. 2 infant showing a slight growth retardation (Fig.4). Their physical growth can be judged as normal as that of breast-nursed infants of the saame species from our laboratory. On the basis of these results, an example of the artificial feeding schedule for the infant cynomolgus monkeys was introduced (Fig. 7). PMID- 820561 TI - Cell fusion induced by lysolecithin and concanavalin A in Drosophila melanogaster somatic cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 820562 TI - Plasmodium knowlesi: morphology and course of infection in rhesus monkeys treated with clindamycin and its N-demethyl-4'-pentyl analog. PMID- 820563 TI - Thermophilic glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase. PMID- 820564 TI - Thermal stability of homologous neutral metalloendopeptidases in thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria: structural considerations. AB - Thermolysin and neutral protease A are neutral metalloendopeptidases having similar specificity, molecular weight, metal content, and amino acid composition. Thermolysin, derived from the thermophilic organism Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, is heat inactivated at about 84 degrees whereas neutral protease A, derived from the mesophilic organism Bacillus subtilis, is inactivated at about 59 degrees. Structural analyses reveal that the two enzymes are homologous. Of the 326 residues of neutral protease A, 171 have been placed in sequence and 49% of these have been found in identical loci in thermolysin. These include many of the residues corresponding to the active site of thermolysin. The sensitivity of both enzymes to thermal inactivation is dependent upon the presence of calcium and neutral protease appears to bind less calcium than thermolysin. Structural data indicate that many of the ligands associated with calcium sites 1 and 2 (double site of thermolysin) are present in neutral protease and that calcium site 4 cannot exist in neutral protease. The structural homology and functional analogy of these two proteins support the concept that they have similar conformations. The known structure of thermolysin is used as a model to discuss structural differences which might be related to thermal stability. PMID- 820565 TI - Thermophilic phycocyanin. PMID- 820567 TI - Bacterial diversity at high temperature. PMID- 820566 TI - The structure and stability of thermolysin. PMID- 820568 TI - Effect of EDTA on the conformational stability of thermolysin. PMID- 820569 TI - Amylase activity and stability at high and low temperature depending on calcium and other divalent cations. AB - Since the extracellular amylase from B. caldolyticus had been characterized as a Ca-dependent enzyme, we wanted to determine the function and specificity of this ion, and it's possible significance for the thermophilic properties of the enzyme. The first question concerned the substitution of Ca with regard to the activity at 70 C. Our data show that Sr or other divalent cations can only to a limited extent replace Ca, and that only in presence of Ca full activity can be achieved. When the majority of the binding sites of the subunits are occupied by cations other than Ca, an almost total loss of activity results. The reason for this kind of inactivation was found in the responsibility of Ca for the stability of the enzyme at high temperature. The omission of Ca then leads to an irreversible denaturation of the enzyme, so that after this kind of treatment no activity is detectable at either high or low temperature, which means that the amylase is not a thermostable enzyme in the classical sense. The stabilizing effect of Ca could not be substituted by any other of the cations tested. Experiments concerning the stability of the enzyme at various temperatures in absence of presence of Ca revealed that the enzyme is stable up to 55 C as long as trace amounts of Ca are available. If these are omitted by a chelator, the enzyme becomes unstable between 40 and 45 C. Experiments in which a certain protein concentration range was tested at 40 and 70 C with given concentrations of Ca showed that the stability, and with it the activity, at high temperature is directly related to the amount of Ca available: The more the Ca supply is limited, the less enzyme protein can be kept in the right configuration, and irreversibly denatures as a result. At low temperature, however, the enzyme becomes almost independent of Ca, and the small amounts necessary to obtain full activity can be replaced by other divalent cations. The main conclusions concerning the role of Ca are that at high temperatures it participates in achieving the correct configuration of the thermostable form of the enzyme, and that in this function it is irreplacable. At low temperature it acts as an unspecific cofactor. The other conclusion is that the amylase can exist either as a caldo-active, thermostable, Ca-dependent enzyme, or in a Ca-independent thermostable state with a lower activity. PMID- 820570 TI - Role of calcium ion in the thermostability of alpha-amylase produced from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 820571 TI - Purification of RNA from animal cells using diethyl-pyrocarbonate. AB - Extraction of RNA from animal cells by a method using diethyl-pyrocarbonate yielded 50-60% of the total RNA. RNA purified by a hot phenol-SDS method from adenovirus 2 infected cells showed about 9% homology with adenovirus DNA, and RNA purified by diethyl-pyrocarbonate-SDS showed over 7% hybridization. Profiles of RNA prepared by both methods were identical when studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 820572 TI - Conformational isomerism, rotational allomerism, and divergent evolution in immunoglobulin light chains. AB - Immunoglobulin light chains are examples of single polypeptide chains synthesized under the control of two genes. The three-dimensional structure of a human (Mcg) lambda-type chain (Bence-Jones) dimer supports the hypothesis of a common primordial gene for the amino ("variable" or V) and carboxyl ("constant" or C) halves of each monomer. However, sequence homologies have been obscurred by divergent evolution of the V and C regions ("domains"). The types of evolutionary changes that have occurred in the domain can be surmised by a comparison of the sequences, using the three-dimensional structures as a basis for alignment. Despite substantial differences in sequences, the hydrophobic character of key internal sites has been maintained in each domain. Regions present in only one domain are situated in position appropriate for their functions, but not deleterious to the general structural integrity of a common fold. The divergence of the V and C domains can be interpreted in terms of rotational allomerism. The cylinders of beta-pleated sheets have rotated in such a way that homologous regions in the two domains perform different functions in their interactions with a second molecule of light or heavy chain. These regions include complementarity determining sites for antigen binding in the V domains and crossover sites stabilizing dimer formation in the C domains. Differences in surface properties between the V1-V2 and C1-C2 dimeric modules may partially explain why the V regions have been implicated in the formation of amyloid fibrils and in the characteristic thermal behavior of Bence-Jones proteins. PMID- 820573 TI - Antibody genes and other multigene families. AB - The multigene family is a unit of chromosomal organization. Its gene members are closely linked, homologous in sequence, and have overlapping functions. Multigene families can be divided into three categories - simple-sequence, multiplicational, and information - by a variety of structural and functional criteria. Multigene families exhibit two novel evolutionary features - coincidental evolution and rapid change in family size - that suggest that they all share one or more evolutionary mechanisms. Natural selection cannot act directly on individual genes in a family because of their identical or overlapping functions; hence selection must operate on the family as a whole or on blocks of genes within the family. The mechanism(s) for coincidental evolution expand out variant genes within a family so they can be acted on by natural selection, and accordingly, permit multigene families to evolve adaptively. The close linkage of the genes in a family appears to be a consequence of the fact that their ocntrol and evolutionary mechanisms may only operate on tandemly linked genes. New multigene families may evolve from a single gene or from other multigene families. In addition to evolving new functions, the latter mode of evolution generate a new multigene family whose members are preadapted to interact with those of the old family. These family interactions can lead to the evolution of more sophisticated molecular machines or to the regulation of one family by the second. Multigene families may be large or small. The three categories of multigene families allow potential multigene families to be identified and they suggest specific experimental approaches for the study of new families. Some of the most interesting genetic systems under investigation today are known or potential informational multigene families. This is not fortuitous in that many of the most interesting aspects of phenotype are complex ones with correspondingly complex genetic, evolutionary, and regulatory requirements. One of the frontiers in modern genetics is the identification characterization, and understanding of informational multigene families. PMID- 820574 TI - Selective advantages of various bacterial carbohydrate transport mechanisms. AB - At least four strategies have been developed by bacteria for capturing carbohydrates. They are typified by the transport mechanisms for glycerol, glucose, lactose, and galactose in Escherichia coli. Glycerol enters the cell by facilitated diffusion catalyzed by specific membrane protein. Once inside the cell, the substrate is trapped by phosphorylation mediated by an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent kinase. glucose is phosphorylated in transit by a membrane-associated phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS). A specific component of this complex serves also for signal recognition to chemotaxis. Lactose is concentrated chemically unaltered by beta-galactoside permease driven by a proton motive force. Galactose is also pumped into the cell, but the process is energized by ATP or its equivalent. In addition, there is a periplasmic galactose-binding protein essential for both transport and chemotactic response. The relative functional merits of each kind of transport mechanism are discussed. Although many bacterial species possess both the concentrative mechanism and the PTS, some employ the former and others the latter for beta-galactoside utilization. The postulate that the PTS is more avid in scavenging while the concentrative permease system permits a broader range of substrate exploitation is supported by the growth responses of 12 bacterial strains to several beta-galactosides. PMID- 820575 TI - [Iodochlorometric determination of dopan, thiophosphamide, thiodipin and imiphos]. PMID- 820576 TI - Penetration of the zona pellucida of nonliving human oocytes by human spermatozoa in vitro. AB - In an in vitro assay human spermatozoa penetrated the zona pellucida of 38.8% of 773 human oocytes recovered from the ovaries of cadavers. Zona penetration was not observed until 8 hours had elapsed. Oocytes examined with the electron microscope were surrounded mainly by sperm with intact acrosomes, but contained sperm in the zona and perivitelline space which had lost the outer acrosomal membrane and acrosomal contents. Sperm entry into the ooplasm was never observed. Spermatozoa from 11 of 16 patients with suspected infertility penetrated the zona, although the penetration rate was lower than that with sperm from fertile donors (12.9% versus 46.4%). When oocytes were incubated with mixed suspensions containing equal numbers of motile sperm from donors and patients, the donor sperm (identified by a fluorescent label) penetrated 50.0% and the patient sperm only 12.7%. These data suggest that human sperm penetrate the zona pellucida of nonliving human oocytes and mature living ova in a similar manner. This method is a potential diagnostic and investigative tool which avoids the ethical and technical problems associated with human in vitro fertilization. PMID- 820577 TI - Lysosomes and the skin. PMID- 820578 TI - The heterogeneity of lysosomes. PMID- 820579 TI - Lysosomes in Tetrahymena. PMID- 820580 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption association with parenteral nutrition. AB - This is a case report of a patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption that occurred during parenteral nutrition. The skin lesions were similar to those of acrodermatitis enteropathica, but there were no other major symptoms such as diarrhea and alopecia. It was noticed that the lack of linoleic acid in the diet might be the cause of lesions. PMID- 820581 TI - Follicle counts in the ovary of the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). PMID- 820583 TI - Effects of maternal mobility on the development of rocking and other behaviors in rhesus monkeys: a study with artificial mothers. AB - Mechanically driven mobile artificial mothers effectively prevented the development of stereotyped body-rocking in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys were maternally separated at birth and assigned to 2 groups. Both groups were placed with surrogates, identical in construction except that for 1 group the surrogate was in motion 50% of the time from 0500 hours to 2400 hours each day, and for the other group the surrogate was stationary. All but 1 of the 10 monkeys raised with stationary artificial mothers developed rocking as an habitual pattern whereas none of the 9 monekys raised with mobile mothers did so. The data also suggest that emotional responsiveness was reduced in monkeys raised with mobile mothers, compared to monkeys raised with stationary devices. PMID- 820582 TI - Defective development after puncturing the periplasm of nuclear multiplication stage Drosophila embryos. PMID- 820584 TI - Looking behavior in monkeys raised with mobile and stationary artificial mothers. AB - Rhesus monkeys raised with mechanically driven mobile artificial mothers for the first 10 months of life looked more at other animals and were more sensitive to stimulus differences than monkeys raised on stationary surrogates. Both groups looked less and were not as discriminating as wild-born monkeys. The results are consistent with other evidence suggesting that one of the long-range consequences of maternal mobility is to reduce emotional responsiveness to novel situations. PMID- 820585 TI - Responses of human-reared monkeys to strange simian calls. AB - The responses of 16 young (10-12 month and 19-20 month) hand-reared rhesus monkeys to rhesus vocalizations heard for the first time were recorded. The vocal stimuli were: (1) a "clear call" of a noncolony adult; (2) a "bark" of a noncolony adult; (3) a "bark" of a noncolony juvenile; and (4) a "bark" of a colony juvenile. Behavior was video-tape recorded for 5-min periods preceding and following the calls and scored according to standard categories. The characteristic response to the stimuli was a sharp reduction in overt behavior. Reaction to the adult sounds was greater than to the juvenile sounds. PMID- 820586 TI - The effects of protein energy malnutrition in early childhood on intellectual and motor abilities in later childhood and adolescence. AB - Three groups of Ugandan children (20 in each group) and one comparison group of 20 children were examined between 11 and 17 years of age. The first three groups had been admitted to hospital for treatment of protein energy malnutrition between the ages of eight to 15, 16 to 21 and 22 to 27 months, respectively. The comparison group had not been clinically malnourished throughout the whole period up to 27 months of age. All the children came from one tribe and were individually matched for sex, age, education and home environment. It was found that the three malnourished groups fell significantly below the comparison group in anthropometric measurements and in tests of intellectual and motor abilities. No evidence was found for a relationship between the deficit and age at admission. Further analysis among the 60 malnourished children revealed that anthropometry and intellectual and motor abilities are the more affected the greater the degree of 'chronic undernutrition' at admission, but no correlation was found with the severity of the 'acute malnutrition'. The results show a general impairment of intellectual abilities, with reasoning and spatial abilities most affected, memory and rote learning intermediately and language ability least, if at all, affected. These findings are discussed in the context of a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the existing literature. PMID- 820587 TI - Demethylchlortetracycline-binding proteins in uninvolved gastric mucosa of gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer patients. Demonstration of a difference between the uninvolved mucosa of ulcer and cancer patients. AB - The uninvolved gastric mucosa of gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma patients has been compared in in vitro studies as regards their capacity to bind demethylchlortetracycline (DMCT). Dialysis experiments demonstrated excessive binding of DMCT in gastric cancer. Several electrophoretic fractions were observed that bound DMCT; it was demonstrated that these fractions differed in the uninvolved mucosa of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer patients. PMID- 820588 TI - [Somatometry in the diagnosis of nutrition status]. PMID- 820589 TI - The role of altered intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of salmonella diarrhea in the rhesus monkey. AB - The pathogenesis of Salmonella diarrhea is unclear. Bacterial invasion of the ileal and colonic mucosa resulting in an intense ileocolitis regularly occurs in concert with secretion of water and sodium in jejunum, ileum, and colon. To examine the role of altered permeability in Salmonella diarrhea we studied intestinal histology, water and electrolyte transport, clearance of intravenously injected [14C]erythritol and [3H]mannitol, and changes in transmural electrical potential difference in normal and Salmonella-infected rhesus monkeys. In normal animals, absorption of water and sodium occurred in jejunum, ileum, and colon and a gradient of diminishing permeability from jejunum to ileum to colon for both erythritol and mannitol was observed. Permeability as measured by determining permeability coefficients was not increased by Salmonella infection and in fact was significantly reduced for erythritol in the jejunum of infected animals. Perfusion with hypertonic erythritol and mannitol produced the same streaming potentials (deltaPD) in control and infected animals, indicating no differences in transmucosal permeability. As a positive control, perfusion with 25 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in normal animals increased permeability, resulting in increased plasma-to-lumen isotope flux and no deltaPD in response to hypertonic perfusates. These data show that despite severe alterations in intestinal histology, transmucosal permeability remains unchanged and thus is not a contributing factor in Salmonella diarrhea. PMID- 820590 TI - Fata eosinophilic enteritis. AB - A patient is reported with eosinophilic enteritis of the jejunum with fatal evolution. Surgical resection was considered impossible and medical treatment with corticosteroids, elemental diet, parenteral nutrition, and antimicrobials to combat the intestinal bacterial overgrowth failed to control the disease. The destructive and fatal nature of the reported eosinophilic enteritis raises the problem of classification of such disease entity, refractory to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 820591 TI - [Prophylatic rhesus sensitization via intravenous administration of immunoglobulin G anti-D. III. Limits of the prophylaxsis obtainable by adapting the immunoglobulin dosage to the extent of the fetalmaternal blood transfusion (author's transl)]. AB - Intravenously administered IgG anti-D permits a prophylatic rhesus sensitization. The size of the dose of immunoglobulin is adapted to the fetomaternal blood transfusion. The procedure is highly reliable in individual cases. The results acquired from a large control group, however, are not significantly better than the results obtained by other authors with intramuscular administration of IgG anti-D. Of the 1216 rh-negative mothers who were given follow-up checks, 1208 showed no active D-antibody formation as late as 7 months postpartum. An active D antibody formation was found in 8 rh-negative mothers up to 14 days postpartum. These were anamnestic reactions. In 212 second pregnancies with a rh-postive child, 2 rh-negative mothers were sensitized in the rhesus system. The cause of this failure is thought to be the fact that the intravenously administered IgG anti-D did not gain access to the noncirculating D-positive erythrocytes in the pertioneal cavity of the mother. PMID- 820592 TI - A radioimmunoassay for turkey luteinizing hormone. PMID- 820594 TI - [The niches of haemopoietic mitoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 820593 TI - [Cysts and diverticula of the pericardium]. PMID- 820595 TI - [The anti-factor Xa plasma activity in patients receiving coumarin derivatives therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 820596 TI - Morphologic study on the experimental lymph node toxoplasmosis. I. Early changes obtained in mice. PMID- 820597 TI - Differences in the reactive-hematopoietic response of the spleen and bone marrow after treatment with irradiation and administration of cytostatic. PMID- 820598 TI - [A d-lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymphocytes with combined T and B surface markers, and with IgA k M component in the serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 820599 TI - Fibrinogen survival with 75-seleniomethionine in acute myeloblastic leukemia during polychemotherapy. PMID- 820601 TI - [Haemorrhagic syndrome after massive transfusion of blood for traumatic liver rupture: disseminated intravascular coagulation? (Author's transl)]. PMID- 820600 TI - Marked eosinophilia associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 820602 TI - In vitro evaluation of growth fraction and other kinetic parameters in human acute leukaemia. PMID- 820603 TI - Control of normal cell differentiation in leukemic cells. PMID- 820604 TI - [Antilymphocyte antisera therapy in haematologic disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 820605 TI - Differences in the frequency distribution of DNA and dry mass per cell in lymphocytes derived from cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 820606 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid content of cleaved and non-cleaved cells in follicular center cell lymphomas: a cytofluorometric study. PMID- 820607 TI - Factor VIII related antigen in platelets from patients with von Willebrand's disease: a study of eight cases. PMID- 820608 TI - On a case of oesophagus involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Remission by chemotherapy alone. PMID- 820609 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects and globin chains synthesis in a child with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (author's transl)]. PMID- 820610 TI - A protective acrylic cast for use in experimental hand surgery. PMID- 820611 TI - [Effect of erythrocytes on fibrinolysis]. AB - The effect of destroyed and washed intact erythrocytes of normal subjects and patients with various haematological diseases was studied on the fibrinolytic activity of whole blood and plasma. Intact erythrocytes of normal and sick subjects inhibited dissolution of the clot; haemolyzed erythrocytes accelerated lysis of the euglobulin clot. Studies on fibrin films revealed in the erythrocytes of normal subjects the presence of a plasminogen activator in the fluid fraction and an inhibitor of activation in the stroma. Correlation analysis allowed to establish connections between the number of erythrocytes and the fibrinolytic activity of blood. The erythrocytes thus are affecting the process of fibrinolysis. PMID- 820612 TI - Rh(0) or D, -D- and the blocking patterns. A genetic (template) explanation. AB - By the use of the gene template it will be shown that D appears at two different sites on the Rh locus, and that the locus cannot simply be DCE - or a similar one. Further, -D- does not appear to be a super Rh(0) as described by Wiener. Finally, a simple explanation is offered for the action of incomplete (blocking) and agglutinating antibodies. PMID- 820613 TI - A case of IgD-lambda myeloma. AB - A case of IgD myeloma is presented. The severe damage of both kidneys resulted in uraemia, and death. Fluorescein angiography failed to reveal a typical paraproteinaemic fundus. The elevated serum IgD level decreased form 1000 mg to 400 mg per 100 ml during cytostatic therapy. The effect of the antineoplastic drugs on the plasmocytes was demonstrated by microphotograms. The caryograms revealed multiple changes. PMID- 820614 TI - Rickettsiae belonging to the spotted fever group from ticks in the Tribec Mountains. AB - Rickettsiae of the spotted (SF) group were found in a selected locality of the Tribec Mountains in southern Slovakia in 1974. The rickettsiae were found in 10.8% of females and 6.1% of males of Haemaphysalis inermis and 7.3% of females and 4.8% of males of Ixodes ricinus. No significant differences in the incidence were observed during the year. Coxiella burneti was found in 1 male and 4 females of H. inermis and 1 male of I. ricinus in ad adjacent locality. Antibodies against rickettsiae of the SF group were detected in 22.5% and against C. burneti in 1.9% of small mammals in other adjacent localities. Trypanosomes and Nosema slovaca were recovered from I. ricinus ticks; both records are the first for Europe. PMID- 820616 TI - Death of Lactobacillus acidophilus caused by incorporated 3H-thymine during incubation without amino acids. AB - Of the cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 incorporated 3H-thymine (specific radioactivity 1.57 Ci/mmol or 3.15 Ci/mmol), their transfer to a medium without essential amino acids resulted in their death. This death may be interpreted in such a way that cell damage caused by disintegration of tritium cannot be effectively repaired under conditions of amino acid deprivation. The experimental eonditions make it possible to explain this death either as a result of inhibition of protein or RNA synthesis or as a result of the absence of amino acids. These possibilities were tested in experiments, in which the synthesis of proteins and RNA was inhibited by specific inhibitors in the presence of amino acids. Under these conditions no death of cells was detected, thus indicating that free amino acids play a role in the repair of radiation damage. PMID- 820615 TI - D-Glucosamine as inhibitor of early processes of transformation in Bacillus subtilis 168 trp2. AB - Glucosamine added to a transformation medium (TM2) after a 30-min cultivation of cells exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the transformation process in Bacillus subtilis 168 trp2. The recipient culture was least sensitive to glucosamine added after 50 min. Glucosamine had no inhibitory effect when added 10 min after the transformation DNA. PMID- 820617 TI - Role of ATP-glucokinase and polyphosphate glucokinase in Streptomyces aureofaciens. AB - The activity of ATP-glucokinase and of polyphosphate glucokinase was examined during growth of the actinomycete Streptomyces aureofaciens 8425 under conditions of intense chlortetracycline (CTC) synthesis. ATP-glucokinase was active in the strain only during the logarithmic phase of culture growth; the activity of polyphosphate glucokinase appears only at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth and rises in parallel with the rate of CTC biosynthesis in the stationary phase. During the rise of activity of polyphosphate glucokinase and of CTC biosynthesis the cells accumulate sugar phosphates, mainly glucose-6-phosphate. It appears that the biosynthesis of CTC in Streptomyces aureofaciens takes place at the expense of glycolysis, using up the high-energy phosphate of high molecular polyphosphates. PMID- 820618 TI - Letter to the editor: Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 for baboons. PMID- 820619 TI - [Effect of anti-angina agents on ischemic heart muscles]. PMID- 820620 TI - [Determination of erythrocyte zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Its significance in iron deficiency anemia (author's transl)]. AB - Present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the significance of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels in anemia. A preliminary study for the determination of erythrocyte zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was done. The simple dilution method, in which zinc was determined directly from a sample of erythrocyte lysed and diluted with deionized water, appeared satisfactory in view of its rapidity, simplicity and accuracy. Of importance is that the temperature of sample and standard solution had to be matched. By using the above method, the mode of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels was investigated in healthy individuals and it was found that erythrocyte zinc expressed per gram of hemoglobin was inversely correlated to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). This relationship was also shown in patients with iron deficiency anemia and phlebotomy-induced anemia in rabbits. However, erythrocyte zinc expressed per milliliter of packed red cells was generally increased in these cases. The difference of erythrocyte zinc levels between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. was not statistically significant. In addition, the levels of the B and of the C type erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases were assayed immunochemically. It was ascertained that there was a significant correlation between erythrocyte zinc levels and those of total carbonic anhydrase. This, the clinical importance of changes in erythrocyte zinc levels in anemia was discussed in relation to the role of this zinc - metalloenzyme. PMID- 820621 TI - Effects of insulin and procaine hydrochloride on glycogen synthetase activation and adipocyte calcium flux: evidence for a role of calcium in insulin activation of glycogen synthetase. AB - Observations that insulin-induced stimulation of glycogen synthetase occurs without detectable reduction in cyclic AMP suggests an alternative controlling mechanism. The hypothesis that this stimulation might be mediated through calcium was tested using procaine HC1, a drug whose insulin-like action is not associated with reduction in basal or adrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP levels. Pretreatment of adipose tissue with insulin or porcaine for 30 minutes increased homogenate glucose-6-phosphate independent ("I") form activity to 58% and 48% respectively with no significant change in total activity. Insulin and procaine also had similar effects on calcium efflux from isolated rat adipocytes. Following an initial displacement of calcium from the adipocytes by insulin (but not by procaine) both agents decreased efflux of calcium, measured following 10, 20 and 30 minutes incubation. In adipose tissue homogenates increasing the free calcium concentration from 10(-8) to 10(-3) M increased "I" form glycogen synthetase activity without significantly altering total activity. A complex interrelationship with ATP and calcium was also observed. In the presence of ATP 0.5 mM maximal activation occurred at 10(-6) M calcium concentration. These findings suggest that insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthetase may be effected by alteration of intracellular free calcium with consequent effects on glycogen synthetase-related enzymes in a mechanism independent of or complementary to effects on cyclic AMP levels. PMID- 820623 TI - Unusual specificities of antibodies to glucagon-glutaraldehyde-albumin conjugates. PMID- 820622 TI - Comparative study of plasma cortisol evolution in TRH or placebo injected patients with or without thyroid disease. AB - The plasma cortisol evolution under TRH has been compared in 27 euthyroid, 12 hyperthyroid and 5 patients with hot nodules and in 15 control individuals receiving a placebo or sham injection. The results showed no statistical difference in plasma cortisol evolution between the groups, suggesting no influence of the thyroid status or TSH secretion on the spontaneous fall of cortisol level during the time of the test. PMID- 820625 TI - Hospital regulations reach a collective critical mass--1. PMID- 820624 TI - Estrogen-induced tetany in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. AB - A 35-year-old woman experienced tetanic symptoms when treated with chorionic gonadotrophins or estrogenic oral contraceptives. Persistent hypocalcemia was found, with hyperphosphatemia, normal renal function and low normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), all consistent with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. During EDTA infusion, no PTH response was measured with a predominantly anti-NH2 terminal antiserum, but a normal response was found with a predominantly anti COOH-terminal antiserum. This supposes secretion of an immunologically abnormal and biologically ineffective PTH. Oral administration of ethinyl estradiol caused an impressive hypocalcemia with tetanic symptoms. Estrogens might, therefore, inhibit bone resorption by a specific action on bone, and not by antagonizing the action of PTH. PMID- 820627 TI - Fabry's disease: heterozygote detection by hair root analysis. AB - Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum) can be diagnosed by determination of alpha-galactosidase activity in single hair roots. A technique has been developed permitting subsequent analysis of enzyme activity and protein content of hair root cells. We have applied this method examining 8 obligatorily heterozygous sisters as well as their 5 daughters and 10 sons. Especially for identification of heterozygotes, the method described proved to be easy and reliable. PMID- 820628 TI - Pyruvate kinase isozymes in man. II. L type and erythrocyte-type isozymes. Electrofocusing and immunologic studies. AB - By focusing in sucrose, gradient L-type pyruvate kinase from human liver could be separated into 2 major forms (pI 6.28 +/- 0.03 and 5.85 +/- 0.09) and a minor more acid form (pI = 5). These different forms could also be detected by focusing in acrylamide-ampholine slab gel. The major forms were interconvertible, the equilibrium being shifted toward the acid form by fructose 1,6-diphosphate and SH reagents, and toward the alkaline form by proteinic factors extracted by ammonium sulphate fractionation from liver extracts and from hemolysates. These factors seemed to be responsible for the stabilization of the liver crude extract enzyme in its alkaline conformation. By acrylamide slab gel electrofocusing, erythrocyte pyruvate kinase from whole hemolysates exhibited a complex pattern composed of at least 3 introconvertible forms. The in vitro aging of the red blood cells and the storage of the hemolysates resulted in a progressive disappearance of the acid forms and in a strengthening of the alkaline form. Partially purified erythrocyte enzyme focused in 2 major bands, interconvertible under the influence of the same factors as those described for L-type pyruvate kinase. Although closely related, the focusing patterns of L-type and erythrocyte-type were never exactly identical. Double immunodiffusion against antihuman erythrocyte-and L-type pyruvate kinases. Moreover, antihuman M2-type serum was unable to neutralize erythrocyte pyruvate kinase as well as to change its electrophoretic mobility. Consequently, we conclude that both human erythrocyte- and liver L-type pyruvate kinases existed under several conformers interconvertible under the influence of the same ligands or proteinic factors; erythrocyte-type enzyme seems to include L type subunit and not M1- or M2-type subunits. The erythrocyte- and L-type enzymes, however, are not identical and the nature of the differences between them is discussed. PMID- 820629 TI - The relation of birth rank and parental age to the phenotype distributions of 14 genetic systems in an Australian population sample. AB - The mean birth ranks and parental ages at birth of persons of known phenotype were determined for a sample of 421 Australian residents characterized with respect to 14 genetic systems. Sex was found to influence birth rank but no variation with parity among 38 sets of phenotypes or factors was found. Differences were observed among the maternal ages of subjects possessing MM, MN and NN phenotypes and M+ and M- factors. Persons of type PGM1 1, 2-1 and 2 possessed significantly different paternal ages; this was associated with a positive linear regression of paternal age on the PGM1-1 gene dosage. The relevance of this type of study to investigations of disorders occurring at advanced parental age is pointed out. PMID- 820630 TI - Haemolytic diffusion plate assays for factors B and D of the alternative pathway of complement activation. PMID- 820626 TI - The mucopolysaccharidoses: inborn errors of glycosaminoglycan catabolism. AB - The mucopolysaccharidoses are genetic disorders of glycosaminoglycan metabolism. Patients with these diseases accumulate within the lysosomes of most tissues excessive amounts of dermatan and/or heparan sulfates, or of keratan sulfate. The clinical consequences of such glycosaminoglycan storage range from skeletal abnormalities to cardiovascular problems, and to motor and mental retardation. In all mucopolysaccharidoses, except Morquio disease, an excessive accumulation of sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans has been demonstrated in fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin. It was subsequently shown that this was due to the deficiency of specific proteins which were named "corrective factors", because their addition to the culture medium effected a normalization of the impaired glycosaminoglycan catabolism in the respective mucopolysaccharidosis fibroblasts. The investigation of the function of the corrective factors, and other studies, led to the identification of the enzymatic defect in each of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Seven lysosomal enzyme deficiencies are now recognized among this group of disorders. A classification of the diseases, according to the mutant gene products, reveals that there is considerable phenotypic variation not only between diseases, but also within several disease types. With the availability of the appropriate enzyme assays, the previous difficulties in diagnosing these disorders have now been overcome. Methods are also available for the prenatal diagnosis, and the detection of heterozygous individuals, in most of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Although correction of the metabolic defect through enzyme replacement has been achieved in tissue culture, many problems remain to be solved before such therapy may become applicable in the patients themselves. PMID- 820631 TI - Water-soluble P-815 mastocytoma membrane antigens: separation of tumour associated antigens from histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 820632 TI - Distribution of iodine among various parts of iodinated normal and monoclonal human IgG molecules. PMID- 820633 TI - Leucocyte chemotactic factor generated by tryptic digestion of human IgM. PMID- 820635 TI - Circular dichroism of hapten-antibody complexes: studies of tryptophanyl residue involvement in the antibody combining sites of MOPC-315 protein heavy and light chain subunits, reconstituted MOPC-315 protein and its FV-fragment. PMID- 820634 TI - A comparative study of J chain structure and stoichiometry in human and nurse shark IgM. PMID- 820636 TI - Transmission of immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae from vaccinated hens to embryos. PMID- 820637 TI - Interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with immunoglobulins and complement in sputum. AB - The interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with humoral factors in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis were investigated by using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. Fluorescein-conjugated, monovalent antiserum specific to heavy chains of human immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, or IgM and to complement C3 were used. All strains of P. aeruginosa recovered from the sputum specimens of patients with cystic fibrosis were found to be coated with antibodies of IgA, IgG, and IgM classes and with C3. The specificity of the antibody coating was determined. The fluorescence was most intense with IgA and was followed in intensity by IgG, IgM, and C3. No difference was noted between rough and mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. When the subcultured P. aeruginosa was incubated with the sputum eluates, a similar pattern of fluorescence was demonstrated, indicating that these humoral factors are present in the sputum and that the coating process can take place in the lower respiratory tract of the patients. By single radial immunodiffusion, significant quantities of the humoral factors in the sputum eluates were detected. These findings suggest that P. aeruginosa is opsonized in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 820639 TI - Proteins of typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae. AB - Purified radioactive rickettsiae were obtained from irradiated and cycloheximide inhibited L cells, and their proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rickettsial species could be distinguished by comparing the relative mobilities of constituent proteins after migration of two differentially labeled preparations in a single gel. Distinct differences were observed in gel patterns of rickettsiae from the typhus and spotted fever groups, as well as with different species within a group. Rickettsial organisms causing murine and epidemic typhus were clearly distinguished, as were the causative agentsof boutonneuse fever and rickettsialpox. The use of both internal and external molecular weight standards allowed molecular weight estimates for 19 proteins from both Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia conorii. A flexible system for designating rickettsial proteins is proposed that lends itself to modification as more detailed analysis progresses. PMID- 820638 TI - Purification of cereolysin and the electrophoretic separation of the active (reduced) and inactive (oxidized) forms of the purified toxin. AB - Cereolysin was purified to apparent homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography with AH-Sepharose, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The active form of the toxin had an isoelectric point of 6.6, and the molecular weight of the protein was about 55,500 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and gel electrophoresis using various concentrations of acrylamide. Cereolysin contained two half-cystine residues and was dependent on reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol, for maximal hemolytic activity and charge homogeneity. By using discontinuous acrylamide electrophoresis, two forms of the toxin could be observed: oxidized and reduced. If the toxin was purified in the absence of dithiothreitol, partial spontaneous oxidation resulted in the formation of an oxidized form of the toxin. Relative to the reduced form, the oxidized form moved slightly closer to the anode in gel electrophoresis at pH 9.0. If the toxin was purified in the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol or if the spontaneously oxidized toxin was preincubated with dithiothreitol, only the reduced form of the protein was observed. When the logarithims of their relative mobilities were plotted against the concentration of acrylamide in the gels, the slopes for the reduced and oxidized forms were identical. This indicates that the two forms are identical in size and are separable because of different charges. The reduced protein could be inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Inhibition by the latter two sulfhydryl reagents could be completely reversed by dithiothreitol. The reversibly oxidized form of the toxin did not appear to be inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and apparently was either unable to bind to or had a decreased affinity for the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 820640 TI - Scrapie in vitro: agent replication and reduced cell yield. AB - Exposure of PAM cells, a spontaneously transformed mouse cell line, to brain homogenates from mice infected with scrapie caused a relative decrease in total cell yield, which persisted from passage 2 or 3 to passage 18 after treatment. The effect was elicited by each of the eight independent scrapie isolates tested. Lysates prepared from cultures 16 passages after treatment with scrapie caused the decrease when applied to fresh PAM cultures. Mice inoculated with passage 14 and 18 lysates developed a reduced percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils by 5 weeks and scrapie disease by 6 to 9 months after inoculation. Based on the total dilution from treatment of the PAM cultures with scrapie material to the preparation of the lysates, we conclude that the agent(s) responsible for the reduced PAM cell yield, the decreased percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and the induction of scrapie disease had replicated in the PAM cells. By filtration, the diameter of the agent causing the reduction in cell yield was estimated to be between 25 and 50 nm. PMID- 820641 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. AB - Natural resistance in mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was decreased 10-fold with a single dose of 300 mg of cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg intraperitoneally. Mice were resistant to infection when immunized actively with Pseudomonas vaccine or passively with Pseudomonas immune serum before receiving CY. Syngeneic spleen, thymus and/or bone marrow cells were transfused into CY-treated recipient mice. Protective anti-Pseudomonas antibody was elicited in the recipient mice when they were vaccinated 1 day after receiving normal spleen cells and challenged 8 days after vaccination. When 1.6 X 10(7) normal thymus and bone marrow cells were infused before vaccination, 69% of the recipients of both cell preparations responded serologically compared with 15 and 27% of those receiving either thymus or bone marrow cells, respectively. CY-treated thymus or bone marrow cell recipients were resistant to Pseudomonas infection when 6 X 10(7) of either cell population was transfused. PMID- 820642 TI - Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions: adjuvant activity of synthetic N acetylmuramyl-dipeptide and the related compounds. AB - Immunological activity of synthetic cell wall peptidoglycan subunits was examined in guinea pigs and mice. It was concluded that the minimal adjuvant-active subunit of cell wall peptidoglycan for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to monoazobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and for circulating-antibody formation to bacterial alpha-amylase and the thymus independent antigen DNP-Ficoll was N-acetylmuramyldipeptide, MurNAc-L-Ala-D isoGln. N-acetylmuramyldipeptide and 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyldipeptide showed no adjuvant activity in the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxic effector cells in the spleens of C57Bl/6J mice after in vivo immunization with the allogeneic antigen mastocytoma P815-X2 cells, but N-acetylmuramyldipeptide showed adjuvant activity after in vitro sensitization of C57Bl/6J mouse spleen cells to the alloantigen mitomycin C-treated DBA/2 mouse spleen cells. It was also shown that 6-O-stearoylation of N-acetylmuramylpeptide could not potentiate the adjuvant activity of N-acetylmuramyldipeptide. Mitogenic and antitumor activities were not observed in either N-acetylmuramyldipeptide or 6-O-stearoyl-N acetylmuramyldipeptide in mouse systems. PMID- 820643 TI - Nonpilar surface appendages of colony type 1 and colony type 4 gonococci. AB - The nature and distribution of surface appendages morphologically distinct from pili were examined in three strains of gonococci. As reported previously by others, large appendages were seen emanating from colony type 1 gonococci when negatively stained preparations were examined by electron microscopy. Whereas the diameter of pili was 4 to 6 nm, the appendages varied from 8 to 40 nm in diameter with bulbous enlargements of up to 130 nm. However, in contrast to previous findings, the appendages were not limited to virulence-associated colonial types but occurred with almost equal frequency on organisms from colonial types 1 and 4. Thus, the presence of these appendages on gonococci was unrelated to colonial morphology, and there is currently no reason to associate them with gonococcal virulence. The large appendages were seldom seen if the organisms were suspended in isotonic fluid rather than in distilled water, which was used in previous studies. This suggests that the large appendages may occur infrequently in the isotonic environment of tissues or in slightly hypertonic purulent exudates. Nevertheless, we did observe small appendages or cell wall blebs on the surface of gonococci suspended in isotonic medium and noted similar structures as spheres free in the surrounding milieu. These findings suggest that the material of which the large appendages consist may form small appendages or cell wall blebs and be shed into the milieu under isotonic conditions. Such cell wall blebs have been demonstrated on meningococci and been shown to consist of endotoxin. PMID- 820644 TI - Enzymatic activities of cell-free extracts of Rickettsia typhi. AB - Cell-free extracts of Rickettsia typhi were tested for activities of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, of glutamate catabolism, and of glycolysis. The organisms were grown in the yolk sacs of chicken embryos, harvested shortly before the time of embryo death, purified by Renografin density gradient centrifugation, and ruptured in a French pressure cell. The following enzymatic activities were demonstrated: high levels of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), moderate levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate, succinate, and isocitrate dehydrogenases, and citrate synthase, and low levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase. The specific activities of some of these enzymes were higher when the rickettsiae were harvested at a time of active proliferation, 3 to 4 days prior to embryo death. Rickettsial MDH was differentiated from host MDH by its migration pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activities of MDH and two other dehydrogenases, demonstrable after the cells had been disrupted, were absent from purified, intact rickettsial preparations. No activity was detected for glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, lactate dehydrogenases, phosphoglucose isomerase, fructoaldolase, or pyruvate kinase. Our results suggest that extracts of R. typhi that contain demonstrable enzymes involved in the catabolism of glutamate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, unlike Coxiella burnetti, lack detectable glycolytic activity. PMID- 820645 TI - Modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, an immunological adjuvant. AB - Stabilization of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid against enzymatic hydrolysis by addition of poly-1-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (PICLC) resulted in a compound with marked adjuvanticity. The primary antibody response of rhesus monkeys to formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine was significantly potentiated if the vaccine was combined with PICLC prior to vaccination. The antibody response was maintained at a significantly higher level than controls for 2.5 months postvaccination and paralleled immunological responses reported for live, attenuated (TC-83) vaccine. PMID- 820646 TI - Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: role of cellular immunity in heterologous protection. AB - The relative contributions of cellular and humoral immunity in scrub typhus infections were studied in inbred mice employing paired strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi differing in virulence. An infectious dose (100 MID50) of the less virulent Gilliam strain resulted in heterologous immune protection against an otherwise lethal challenge (1,000 MLD50) of the virulent Karp strain. Partial heterologous protection against lethal Karp challenge was observed in animals preimmunized with the Gilliam strain as early as 3 days prior to challenge, whereas complete protection against illness and death existed in animals immunized at least 7 days prior to challenge. In the heterologous protection provided by prior Gilliam infection, the role of humoral immunity was not of primary importance for the following reasons: (i) significant levels of complement-fixing antibody against R. tsutsugamushi were not detectable until long after animals were solidly immune; (ii) antibody eventually appearing after Gilliam immunization exhibited a consistently low complement-fixing titer against the immunizing homologous (Gilliam) strain and contained no detectable activity against the heterologous challenge (Karp) strain; and (iii) passive transfer of large quantities of serum from Gilliam immune mice, themselves immune to Karp challenge, failed to protect recipients against a similar challenge. However, protection was afforded by the passive transfer of serum containing antibody against Karp, suggesting a major role for antibody in protection against homologous infection. This heterologous challenge system was particularly useful because it minimized the role of humoral immunity, at least early in the course of infection, and allowed a definitive examination of the cellular response. Cell mediated immunity played a major role in the heterologous protection observed after Gilliam immunization. This was evidenced by the significant protection against Karp challenge afforded by the passive transfer of spleen cells from animals immunized with Gilliam 7 to 63 days previously. Of the immune spleen cells, only those which were nonadherent, presumably lymphocytes, were capable of transferring passive heterologous protection. This protective effect of nonadherent cells could be ablated by depleting the cell population of thymus derived or T cells with anti-theta serum and complement prior to transfer but not by use of anti-immunoglobulin serum and complement, which selectively removes bone marrow-derived or B cells. These results suggested that the cell in immune spleens capable of conferring heterologous protection was a T lymphocyte. PMID- 820647 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin: purification by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the development of a highly specific antitoxin serum. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin has been purified to a specific activity of 12,000 to 16,000 mouse median lethal doses/mg of protein. Total recovery was about 25%, and the degree of purification was approximately 3,000-fold. Preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis greatly facilitated purification. As judged by analytical disc gel electrophoresis, the purified toxin contained one major band of protein and only a negligible amount of contamination. Antiserum prepared against the purified toxin neutralized the lethal activity of crude toxin preprations and reacted by double immunodiffusion with a single component of concentrated broth cultures of P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from a clinical source. PMID- 820648 TI - Acute Listeria monocytogenes osteomyelitis. AB - The presentation and management of a case of acute Listeria monocytogenes osteomyelitis in a lady with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are described. The literature on Listeria infection is briefly reviewed, and the importance of scrutinizing diphtheroid-like isolates in the laboratory is stressed. PMID- 820649 TI - [Antibacterial activity of antibiotics in human bile (author's transl)]. AB - Marked differences exist between antibacterial activity in human bile and broth. Whereas penicillins and cephalosporines exhibit virtually the same activity in broth and bile, tetracycline shows a great lose, and the activity of the aminoglykosides is increased in bile. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of chlorampenicol and co-trimoxazole are also different in broth and human bile. The differences in activity are related to the pH although not all deviations can be attributed to the effect of the pH. These results should be considered when treating gallbladder infections. PMID- 820650 TI - DNA fragmentation in mouse gastric epithelial cells by precarcinogens, ultimate carcinogens and nitrosation products: an indicator for the determination of organotropy and metabolic activation. PMID- 820651 TI - Research in health economics: a survey. AB - This paper surveys the types of issues with which health economists have been concerned. It is intended to introduce noneconomists to the kinds of questions that economists have regarded as important. Economists' work in the health economics area may be usefully divided into "positive" and "normative" studies. Positive studies are those designed to describe, or make predictions about, how the health care system, or parts of it, actually operate. Conversely, normative studies are intended to provide statements as to how the health care system should operate. The major areas surveyed include the concept and estimation of the "production function" for health, the distinction between private and social costs, determinants of prices of medical inputs, and benefit-cost analysis. PMID- 820652 TI - Does social security support for medical care weaken public health programs? AB - Social security programs for medical care in Latin American countires have long been regareded as rivals to the Ministries of Health. Although they typically cover only a small fraction of the population theoretically served by the Ministries, they often have larger health budgets; on a per beneficiary basis, their expenditures are invariably much higher. Analysis of relative strengths of social security programs (percentage of economically active persons covered and national per capita outlays), in twelve Latin American countries, however, shows them to have correlation (virtually zero) to the strengths of Ministries of Health (percentage national budgets devoted to public health). It appears that both social security and Ministry of Health expenditures correlate in a strongly positive direction with a country's per capita gross domestic product. There is no evidence that stronger social security programs are associated with weaker Ministries of Health. PMID- 820653 TI - The financing and the economic efficiency of rural health services in the People's Republic of China. AB - This paper studies the resource allocation in the provision of health care services at the local level in the People's Republic of China. The subject of health financing and the effectiveness and cost of this medical cooperative service in the country's rural areas are evaluated. The conclusion drawn is that, with China's agricultural economic framework, the adoption of barefoot doctor services and the promotion of herbal medicine are cost-minimizing approaches that enable local political units to be financially self-supporting with regard to medical services. Based on a few samples at brigade or commune level, the results indicate that the barefoot doctor services are economically valuable. Furthermore, the sense of security and a point of entry into the health care system that the barefoot doctors can provide for lower-income peasants are by no means a minor noneconomic benefit. Some of their experiences may be useful to other developing countries. PMID- 820654 TI - Medical politics, health policy. Party health platforms, promise and performance. AB - Health policy in the United States is a product of medical politics. "Medical politics" includes not only traditional patterns of interest group pressures but traditional political party philosophies and patient expectations as well. Characteristic Republican politics reflects narrower governmental spending and greater emphasis on support of entrepreneurial effort. Desired effects will "trickle down" to the needy. Democratic politics tend to follow a more generous spending line, not neglecting the entrepreneurs, but spreading some of the funds around to the needy themselves. In addition, Republicans tend to distrust salaried officials, placing governmental power (through government funds) into the hands of private agencies or companies. Democrats hesitate less to build bureaucratic structures. On the record, both parties follow roughly similar lines in spite of these philosophic differences, which turn out to be differences in style. Both parties have practiced restraint in financing of medical services, only recently undertaking payment for these, and only recently undertaking to pay for medical education. Research has been a favored federal focus. Rapid and seemingly uncontrollable inflation has forced both parties to take a harder line. Political platforms are not necessarily clear signals of eventual party action. Nevertheless, they underline what the parties consider to be the problems as the voters see them and they express what the parties see as the appropriate response to these problems. This paper suggests what the party platforms will look like for the presidential election this year and also what the parties will probably do thereafter. PMID- 820655 TI - Developing a cost and outcome evaluation system. AB - This paper is concerned with the problem of introducing an evaluative capability in the administration of the health services of developing countries. The scarcity of resources available for evaluation is taken for granted; as a consequence, the approach to evaluation must be simple and straightforward. A strategy for developing such an approach is presented. The strategy is characterized by a gradual build-up of an evaluative capability along with a strong tie with existing decision-making and planning activities. If successful, the evaluation activity constitues an integral part of the management system of the services, one which should permeate all service levels. PMID- 820656 TI - Comparative evaluation of five aminoglycosides for treatment. AB - Gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, amikacin and kanamycin are compared for therapeutic use by correlating the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration with the in vivo concentration of the antibiotic attainable in the serum at half the time intervall between two administrations of the drugs. Using this method of evaluation, E. coli, Enterobacter and sensitive strains of the Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species can be treated in principle equally well with gentamicin, tobramycin and sisomicin, and to a large degree also with amikacin. Gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin are useful against Serratia infections; but in each case, a higher dosage is needed. Within the family of aminoglycosides, sisomicin has a noteworthy activity against Enterobacter and Proteus species, while tobramycin is most outstanding against pseudomonas strains. Amikacin is especially useful against infections involving Klebsiella, Providencia and Pseudomonas strains with resistance to nearly all antibiotics including the other aminoglycosides. PMID- 820657 TI - Indications for reduction of tongue in surgical treatment of mandibular prognathism. AB - The literature suggests that the tongue plays an important role in the recurrence after operative correction of mandibular prognathism. To prevent such a recidivism a reduction of tongue can be considered. However, it is difficult to decide how the tongue is involved. Size, strength and function are difficult to measure, and the literature on this subject is not concerned with these properties. A number of methods are given with which an impression can be acquired about the above-mentioned properties of the tongue. Special attention is paid to the type of the ostectomy, and the arguments for this procedure are exemplified by the investigation of 75 patients in whom a surgical correction of mandibular prognathism was performed. It is concluded that tongue reduction is more readily indicated preparatory to correction of mandibular prognathism by a modified Kole procedure than before correction by means of a stepped ostectomy or an Obwegeser-Dal Pont procedure. PMID- 820658 TI - Bioplast fibrin coagulum in large cystic defects of the jaw. AB - The present study comprises a series of 85 patients with jaw cysts with a diameter greater than 20 mm, the majority in the 30-50 mm group. Following enucleation of the cyst, a coagulum consisting of Bioplast fibrin powder, thrombin, the patient's venous blood and an antibiotic was implanted and primary closure performed. The clinical course was uneventful and the operative area healed by first intention in all cases. The nursing period was shortened. Radiographic follow-up showed rapid ossification. The favorable results are attributed to the absence of dead spaces, the role of fibrin in the regeneration process, and a retarded effect of the antibiotic. PMID- 820659 TI - Osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures using lag screws. AB - Osteosynthesis with lag screws is an essential supplement to osteosynthesis with mental plates. It is especially suitable in association with a neutralization plate for stabilization of short lamellar fractures. Wide lamellar fractures can be functionally stabilized with two or, in rare cases, three screws. PMID- 820660 TI - Nodular fascitis in the oral cavity. AB - Clinical and microscopic features of a deeply situated lesion of the oral buccal mucosa are reported. The lesion suddenly appeared as a small lump, without obvious cause. A histologically alarming picture gave rise to a preliminary diagnosis of a sarcoma. However, features of nodular fascities were subsequently recognized and following local removal there has been no recurrence in the 4 years that have elapsed since operation. PMID- 820661 TI - Root resorption by ameloblastomas and cysts of the jaws. AB - Radiographs of 122 cases of a series of nonmalignant simple jaw cysts and ameloblastomas were examined and the frequency of resorption of adjacent tooth roots compared. The ameloblastomas proved to have a root resorptive potential far greater than the cystic lesions considered. Certain statistically significant differences were observed in the root resorption related to the cystic lesions. The dentigerous cyst showed a tendency to resorb roots (55%), whereas in this study no resorption was observed in primordial cysts. These differences may aid the clinician in the preoperative differential diagnosis. It is suggested that the capacity of the dentigerous cyst for root resorption may be the result of its origin from the dental follicle, which is associated with resorption of the roots of primary teeth during normal tooth succession. PMID- 820662 TI - Rebuilding of deficient edentulous alveolar ridge with porous ceramic implants. AB - Porous ceramic (Al2O3) implants with a pore size of 100--750 mum were used in the surgical treatment of four patients at the Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo. In two of the cases, ceramic implants were placed in small surgical defects in the edentulous maxillary alveolar ridge, while two patients were treated with mandibular ridge augmentation. All four individuals healed uneventfully, and the implants were firm and immovable 3 weeks postoperatively. No adverse tissue reactions were observed. Dentures were inserted over the implants 8 days to 6 weeks after implantation. In one of the cases, reoperation was performed because of 2 X 2 mm zone of exposure of the ceramic 4 weeks after denture insertion. Examination after observation times up to 15 months revealed clinically normal soft tissue over the implants. There were no complaints about wearing of the dentures. Radiographs at varying intervals after implantation did not disclose any pathologic changes or signs of resorption of bone adjacent to the ceramic implants. PMID- 820664 TI - [Sensitivity of the ova of Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster, Meig.) to the lethal action of ultraviolet rays. iv. Survival of embryos irradiated at the segmentation stage]. AB - During the early segmentation stage, Drosophila eggs are very resistant to U.V. light. At that time their survival curve presents a plateau. This inflection of the curve cannot be explained by a restoration mechanism, nor by differential sensitivity of mitotic phases. It must be ascribed to the presence in the irradiated population of eggs that have been retained and deposited after the beginning of embryogenesis. Many reasons permit to relate the decline in resistance of the eggs to U.V. light during segmentation to the decrease in the DNA content in the cytoplasm. PMID- 820663 TI - Ameloblastic dentinosarcoma- a case report. AB - A rare case of ameloblastic dentinosarcoma is reported. The literature regarding ameloblastic fibro- and odontosarcomas is reviewed. There have been 16 reported cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma and another six cases (one uncertain) of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma which showed induction of dentin or enamel and which therefore according to the WHO Classification should be separately classified as ameloblastic odontosarcomas. Our case showed no enamel and therefore is better called ameloblastic dentinosarcoma. Ameloblastic sarcomas of the jaws are of low grade malignancy, do not often metastasize, and if treated by radical resection have a good prognosis. PMID- 820665 TI - Asepsis and self-discipline in the operating room. PMID- 820666 TI - Observational determination of dose-response curves in hallucinogen-treated monkeys. AB - An objective behavioral profile that was previously shown to distinguish the effects of hallucinogens from those of other classes of drugs was used here to further study hallucinogenic behaviors. Saline, d-amphetamine sulfate and five doses of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were administered to solitary adolescent rhesus monkeys in a totally dark environment and their behavior was observed via infrared monitors, videotaped, and scored in a number of categories. Scores in the following categories systematically increased with ascending doses of DMT; exploration, locomotion, stereotypy, spasm, tracking and duration of inappropriate behavior. In addition, some behaviors sensitive to hallucinogens occurred with greater frequency in the dark than in a previous study conducted in the light. Behaviors such as tracking and fear grimaces, usually associated with specific stimuli, emerged in the absence of such stimuli in the dark. These results suggested hallucinogen-induced changes in perceptual-motor systems, if not hallucinations per se. PMID- 820667 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems following surgery of the esophagus]. PMID- 820668 TI - Experimental cerebral infarction in the monkey. Radiographic evaluation of steroid therapy. AB - Cerebral ischemia and infarction have been produced in the Rhesus monkey using an autologous clot embolization technique. Preliminary findings suggest that cerebral arteriography may be used to study experimental cerebral infarction and ischemia, and the resulting cerebral edema and also that cerebral arteriography may be used as a tool for the evaluation of various types of therapy now used clinically in the treatment of these entities. The present experimental study in the monkey suggests that whereas steroid therapy initiated immediately following the onset of cerebral ischemia reduces morbidity and hastens clinical recovery, pretreatment with steroids in these same cases of cerebral ischemia may be hazardous and may increase the risk of cerebral infarction. PMID- 820670 TI - Synthesis of selenocystathionamine and preliminary data on its oxidation by diamineoxidase. AB - Details are reported for the synthesis of selenocystathionamine, the 2 aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl selenide, NH2CH2CH2-Se-CH2CH2CH2NH2. Paper and ion exchange chromatographic behaviour of the compound has been investigated. By automated ion exchange chromatography on a sulfonated resin selenocystathionamine may be easily differentiated from cystathionamine, cystamine and selenocystamine. It has been shown that selenocystathionamine is oxidatively deaminated by pig kidney diamineoxidase. Preliminary data indicate that the first product of the reaction is a cyclized aminoaldehyde which then undergoes further degradation. PMID- 820669 TI - Observations on severe rhesus haemolytic disease. PMID- 820671 TI - Proceedings: Some features of sugar metabolism in the denervated rat and pig lung. PMID- 820672 TI - Effect of treatment with the methanol extraction residue fraction of killed tubercle bacilli (MER) on the development of spontaneous pulmonary metastases from syngeneic implants of tumor 3LL in C57B1 mice. AB - Treatment of C57B1 mice with the methanol extraction residue fraction of killed tubercle bacilli (MER) shortly before or after surgical removal of a syngeneic implant of lung carcinoma 3LL reduced the incidence of spontaneous, fatally progressing pulmonary metastases in a large number of instances. Under certain conditions, the protective action of MER was pronounced and statistically significant. Small quantities of MER (0.2 mg) were optimally effective, when administered i.p. two days before or one day after excision of the initial implant. PMID- 820673 TI - Methanol extraction residue fraction of tubercle bacilli (MER) and other mycobacterial extracts as systemic immunity adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. AB - Four mycobacterial extracts--two water soluble and two water insoluble--were tested for their immunostimulatory and antitumor activities: MER, the methanol extraction residue fraction of tubercle bacilli (insoluble); HIU I, an insoluble component of the membrane of whole cells of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG); HIU II, a soluble component of BCG; AND Lederer's WSA, a soluble extract of Mycobacterium smegmatis. In a hemolytic plaque-forming cell assay, MER, HIU II and WSA showed immunostimulatory activity. However, only MER was active in the immunoprophylaxis of L1210 leukemia and of the solid Lewis tumor. The loss of antitumor activity does not seem to be related to water solubility, but appears rather to occur during purification. PMID- 820674 TI - [Radiotherapy of bladder carcinoma: indication and results]. PMID- 820675 TI - [High-energy radiotherapy of bladder carcinoma in combination with transurethral resection]. PMID- 820676 TI - [Experiences with radiation treatment of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 820677 TI - [Cytological and histological controls of the course in high-energy irradiated prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 820679 TI - A clinical review of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification of the cervical vertebra. PMID- 820678 TI - Mating behaviour as a fitness component in maintaining allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 820680 TI - IUPAC Commission on the development, improvement, and standardization of methods of pesticide residue analysis. PMID- 820681 TI - Repair deficiency, mutator activity, and thermal prophage inducibility in dna 8132 strains of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A ts mutation, dna-8132 (Hara and Yoshikawa, 1973), in the region of chromosome replication origin of Bacillus subtilis was found to cause pleiotropic effects at a permissive temperature (30 C). Strains carrying this mutation were lethan at 48 C but exhibited higher spontaneous mutation frequency and a lower capacity for repairing radiation damages at 30C. Introduction of the polA59 (Gass et al., 1971) mutation further enhanced the repair deficiency and the mutator activity. These results suggest that the dna-8132 gene product may be directly involved in chromosome replication and repair. SPO2 lysogens carrying this mutation produced mature phages upon a temperature shift from 30 to 48 C. Phage production at nonpermissive temperature suggests that there are few defects in the precursors of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the mutant. PMID- 820682 TI - Incorporation of deoxycytidine into deoxyribonucleic acid deoxycytidylate in Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26. AB - Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 a strain deficient in ribonucleotide reductase, was grown with [G-14C]deoxycytidine as the only source of deoxyribose in the medium. Of the radioactivity incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid, a fifth moved directly into deoxyribonucleic acid deoxycytidylate, without deamination. Furthermore, deoxycytidine and thymidine nucleotides had similar sugar/base ratios, suggesting a direct conversion of deoxycytidine nucleotides to thymidine nucleotides through deamination, without further dilution by glycosyl transfer. Although radioactivity was incorporated into both the sugar and base moieties of deoxyribonucleic acid pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides, only the sugar moiety of purine deoxyribonucleotides was labeled. Purine deoxyribonucleotides probably were synthesized by glycosyl transfer from [G-14C]deoxycytidine to unlabeled purines, followed by phosphorylation of the deoxynucleotides. PMID- 820683 TI - Escherichia coli mutants deficient in guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. AB - We studied the purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases) of Escherichia coli and were able to isolate a mutant that is defective in its ability to convert guanine and xanthine to their respective ribonucleotides. The affected gene (gpt) lies between metD and proA and is 78.6% co-transducible with proA. Both this point mutant and a strain with a pro-lac deletion contain less than 2% of wild type xanthine PRTase activity, yet still contain about 30% of wild-type guanine PRTase activity. Thus, the gpt gene is only one of at least two genes responsible for guanine PRTase activity in E. coli. PMID- 820684 TI - Ribosomal precursor particles of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Pulse-labeled cells of Bacillus megaterium were converted to protoplasts, and lysates of the protoplasts were analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation. Precursor ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles then appeared predominantly as 50S and 30S precursor ribosomal subunits. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid from the 50S and 30S RNP particles confirmed their precursor nature since they were shown to contain precursor 23S and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid, respectively. Treatment of protoplast lysates with 0.5% deoxycholate prior to sedimentation analysis resulted in a markedly different radioactivity profile. The 50S RNP particles were no longer present, but 43S particles were observed in addition to increased amounts of pulse-labeled material sedimenting at 30S and slower. Extracts from cells broken in a French press showed a profile from sucrose gradient sedimentation similar to that of the deoxycholate-treated protoplast lysate. These data suggest that the nature of the precursor ribosomal particles appears to be a function of the method of cell disruption or detergent treatment of the cell extract preparation. The observed 50S and 30S RNP particles may be the major precursor ribosomal subunits in vivo; the slower-sedimenting species could result from some form of breakdown or change in the configuration of the 50S and 30S precursors. PMID- 820685 TI - Chemical composition and turnover of peptidoglycan in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The peptidoglycan of all four colonial types of a number of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae constituted 1 to 2% of the dry weight of the cell. The chemical composition of cell types examined was similar with molar ratios of 1:1:2:1:1 for muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, respectively. Ninety-six percent of the mass of the peptidoglycan was composed of these compounds. A lipoprotein analogous to that observed in Escherichia coli was not detected. The chain length of the glycan varied from 80 to 110 disaccharide units. The peptide contained equimolar amounts of D- and L-alanine. The rate of turnover of peptidoglycan in strain RD5 was 50% per generation. Turnover proceeded without a lag and followed first-order kinetics. PMID- 820686 TI - Ultrastructure of Polyangium cellulosum. AB - Polyangium cellulosum was examined with the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Freeze-fracturing and critical-point-drying techniques were employed with the latter instrument. Critical-point drying seemed to eliminate the distortion of cells and fruiting bodies. These instruments and techniques allowed for a detailed comparison of cell and fruiting-body ultrastructure. Lipid storage materials and mesosomes were found to be constant cell particulates in both vegetative cells and in the shortened myxospores. PMID- 820687 TI - Cellular organization of Bacillus subtilis: sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced cell partitioning into zebra structures. AB - Cells of Bacillus subtilis heated in high concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (5%) and then washed free of detergent with a hot salt solution (80 C) become structurally reorganized into regions of densely compacted cytoplasm (termed zebras) and regions of sparsely filled material (termed spaces). Size distribution studies of zebras indicate that division-suppressed mutants and wild type cells both yield zebras of comparable length. Similarly the lengths of zebras found in populations emerging from spores are uniform in one-, two-, three , and four-zebra-containing cells. In contrast, the length of spaces is slightly larger than that of zebras and is unusually large in two-zebra-containing cells. The locations of zebras and spaces along cell length have been studied in spore out-growth populations. A statistical procedure developed previously in genome location investigations was used to analyze the location of zebras along cell length. The data indicate that as cells elongate, new sites arise where the cell contents are strongly bound to the cell surface. Within filament populations produced by division-suppressed mutants there is a linear relationship of mean filament length and zebra number per filament. These data indicate that cytoplasm in filaments with no obvious structural compartmentalizations may be organized into units associated with particular regions of cell surface. The attachment of cell contents to the cell surface may involve deoxyribonucleic acid. Zebra containing cells digested with proteolytic enzyme and ribonuclease are converted to cells that contain a crystalline-like granule fixed at the location of each zebra. Exposure to deoxyribonuclease mobilizes these granules within the cell wall. PMID- 820688 TI - Electrophoretic comparison of endonuclease-digested plasmids from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - In order to associate virulence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with an alteration of the nucleotide sequence of its small covalently closed plasmid, plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated from both virulent (T1) and avirulent (T3) morphological types for two strains. Electrophoretic and contour length measurements of intact plasmids indicated a homogeneous population with a molecular weight of approximately 2.6 x 10(6). Digestion with two restriction endonucleases. Hinf I and Hpa II, generated distinct fragment patterns which in each case were identical for T1 and T3 plasmid molecules from the same strain. The analysis suggests no sequence differences between the plasmids from virulent and avirulent types. For both strains, however, a deletion or addition of about 1.5% of the total deoxyribonucleic acid appeared in the Hpa II C digestion fragment when patterns for gonococci serially passaged 300 times were compared to those for bacteria freshly established from frozen stocks. The significance of the plasmid instability remains undetermined. PMID- 820689 TI - Membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum: isolation and physicochemical properties of membranes from aerobically grown cells. AB - Highly purified preparations of cytoplasmic and outer membrane were isolated from aerobically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum lysed by sequential treatment with lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and Brij 58. The membranes were resolved and separated from other cellular constitutents by a combination of velocity and isopyknic sedimentation in sucrose density gradients. On the basis of their appearance in electron micrographs and their protein profiles in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these preparations appear to be quite similar to those obtained from other gram-negative bacteria. The cytoplasmic membrane fraction contained the majority of the total membrane-bound succinic dehydrogenase activity and was 10-fold enriched in b- and c-type cytochrome with respect to the outer membrane. The latter fraction was characterized by a much greater carbohydrate content and the presence of arachidic acid, which is typical of R. rubrum lipopolysaccharide. Their protein fatty acid, and overall chemical compositions suggested that these preparations were freer from cross contamination than those obtained from R. rubrum with currently available methods. PMID- 820691 TI - Appearance of spore coat protein in the cell extracts of Bacillus subtilis asporogenic mutants. AB - By use of the antigen-antibody techniques we have studied whether asporogenic mutants of Bacillus subtilis can synthesize the spore coat protein. Antibody specific to spore coat protein was prepared and used to demonstrate that the spore coat protein was synthesized at the early stage of sporulation. We report here that asporogenic mutants synthesize the spore coat protein. PMID- 820690 TI - Membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum: physicochemical properties of chromatophore fractions isolated from osmotically and mechanically disrupted cells. AB - Isolation of highly purified membrane fractions from phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum was achieved by velocity and isopyknic sedimentation under carefully controlled ionic conditions. Bacteriochlorophyll-rich and succinic dehydrogenase-rich chromatophores that were essentially devoid of contamination by non-chromatophore protein were separated from a denser fraction in extracts disrupted in a French pressure cell. Highly purified chromatophores and a nearly photopigment-free envelope fraction were also obtained from cells lysed by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme-Brij 58. After lysis with lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetate alone, about 50% of the total photosynthetic pigment was released in chromatophores similar to those isolated by the above procedures. Chromatophores prepared by each method were found to have very similar near-infrared absorption spectra, overall chemical composition, equilibrium buoyant densities in CsCl, and protein patterns in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of the dense, outer membrane-rich fractions were different from those of the chromatophores. The release of much of the photosynthetic apparatus as discrete chromatophores is osmotically lysed extracts necessitates a reevaluation of the concept that isolated chromatophores arise only from mechanical comminution of a larger membrane structure. PMID- 820692 TI - Effects of triton X-100 on gel electrophoresis and gel chromatography of histones. Possible binding to helical regions. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole histones of calf thymus, chicken erythrocytes, and Tetrahymena was carried out in the absence or presence of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (up to 6 mM), in 0.9 M acetic acid and 6.25 M urea-0.9 M acetic acid. Calf thymus whole histone was also chromatographed on Bio Gel P-200 in the absence or presence of 6 mM Triton in 0.01 M HCl and 8 M urea 0.9 M acetic acid. Triton reduced the electrophoretic mobility and distribution coefficient of various histone species in the following order of decreasing effect; H2A greater than H3, H4 greater than H2B greater than H1 in the absence of urea. H1 and specific histones for chicken erythrocytes and Tetrahymena were almost unaffected. Urea antagonized the surfactant effect more for H4 and H2B, and less for H2A and H3. Such surfactant effects can be correlated with the helical contents of histone species under the experimental conditions used, rather than their total hydrophobicites, suggesting that Triton binds to helical regions. PMID- 820693 TI - Coordination chemical studies on metalloenzymes. Kinetics and mechanism of the Zn(II) exchange reaction between chelating agent and apo-bovine carbonic anhydrase. AB - The mechanism of removal of the zinc ion from bovine carbonic anhydrase [EC 4.2.1.1] (BCA) by a chelating agent was studied. It was shown that the removal of the zinc ion from BCA took place through the formation of a ternary complex involving the enzyme, chelating agent, and metal ions. The formation constant of the ternary complex (KEML) was 10(2) M-1. This value was lower than the formation constant assumed by Wilkins. The reaction of zinc-2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylate complex with the apoenzyme also took place through the formation of the ternary complex and the species which reacted with apo-BCA was a 1:1 complex of zinc and 2, 6-pyridine-dicarboxylate. The theoretical equilibrium equation derived from the reaction mechanism showed a good fit with observed equilibrium dialysis data. PMID- 820694 TI - Pepsinogens and pepsins from gastric mucosa of Japanese Monkey. Purification and characterization. AB - Five pepsinogens were purified from gastric mucosa of Japanese monkey by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Each was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. They were designated as pepsinogens I, II, III-1, III-2, and III-3, respectively, based on the elution profile on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weights of pepsinogens I and II were 48,000 and 43,000, respectively, and those of the other three were 40,000. Each pepsinogen was converted to pepsin [EC 3.4.23.1] by acidification, and some characteristics, e.g. the pH dependence of activity, sensitivity to various inhibitors, stability to alkali, and hydrolytic activity toward N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (APDT), were determined. The characteristics of pepsins I and II were the same, and those of pepsins III-1, III-2, and III-3 were similar. Pepsin III-3 showed high stability to alkali (pH 8.0), while the others were less stable. Each pepsin hydrolyzed APDT and was inhibited by acid protease-specific inhibitors, e.g. pepstain, diazoacetyl-DL norleucine methyl ester (DAN), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP), and p bromophenacyl bromide. The compositions of pepsins I and II were the same, indicating that they are the same protein, and those of pepsins III-1, III-2, and III-3 resembled that of human pepsin. The diversity of pepsinogens and pepsins is discussed in comparison with pepsinogens and pepsins from other animals. PMID- 820695 TI - Preparation and properties of trypsin-digested ribonuclease T1 split at the single arginyl peptide bond. AB - Ribonuclease T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] was selectively hydrolyzed by digestion with trypsin at the peptide bond of the single arginine residue at position 77. Selective hydrolysis was achieved by blocking the xi-amino group of Lys-41 with 2-methoxy-5 nitrotropone and subsequent digestion with trypsin in the presence of 2M urea. The trypsin-digested ribonuclease T1 was composed of two polypeptide chains containing 77 and 27 residues, though the two chains were covalently linked by a disulfide bond between Cys-6 and Cys-103. The modified enzyme lost enzymatic activity toward RNA and the ability to bind to 3'-GMP. The circular dichroic spectrum of the modified protein suggested that its conformation was extensively destroyed. It is concluded from the present results that the continuity of the peptide chain at the arginine residue is extremely important for maintaining the active conformation of the enzyme protein and for the enzymatic function of ribonuclease T1. PMID- 820696 TI - Quantitative standardization in the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen: results of a collaborative study involving 74 laboratories. PMID- 820697 TI - A reference, inactivated, epidemic typhus vaccine: clinical trials in man. PMID- 820699 TI - Proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum with its enzyme, UDP glucuronyltransferase, in chick embryo liver during culture. Effects of phenobarbital. AB - UDP-Glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity increases in chick embryo liver during culture from zero to a steady-state level at or above adult values. The GT activity (o-aminophenol as acceptor) is located entirely in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the question arises whether ER increases along with GT. Earlier work showed that the synthesis and degradation rates of GT can be varied in culture over wide ranges by choosing embryo livers of different ages and both phenobarbital. In the present study we measured the GT activities and the concentrations of ER (using stereologic methods) in 5- and 11-day embryo liver during culture with and without phenobarbital. We found that GT and ER always increased in a constant ratio of 2.2 X 10(-9) U of GR activity per square micrometer of membrane, suggesting that the synthesis and degradation of GT are coupled to the synthesis and degradation of ER. A general structure for ER is proposed to explain this finding. PMID- 820698 TI - Conjugation in Tetrahymena pyriformis. The effect of polylysine, concanavalin A, and bivalent metals on the conjugation process. AB - The polycation polylysine, at different degrees of polymerization, was found to cause a marked inhibition of the conjugation process. Inhibition of conjugation by polylysine was highly dependent on the molecular weight of the polymer. When polylysine of a mol wt of 1,250 (degree of polymerization=6) was used, a concentration of 1.6 X 10(-5) M was required for a complete inhibition of conjugation, while only 2 X 10(-7) M of polylysine of a mol wt of 71,000 (degree of polymerization=340) was needed for the same effect. Polyaspartic acid prevented the inhibition of conjugation by polylysein. Chelators of bivalent metals such as O-phenanthroline (10(-3) M), EDTA (10(-3) M), and EGTA (5 X 10(-3) M) strongly inhibit the conjugation process in Tetrahymena pyriformis. The inhibition was partially prevented when bivalent metals such as Zn++, Fe++, and Ca++ were added together with the chelators. The lectin concanavalin A (25 mug/ml) completely prevented the conjugation process, while other lectins, such as phytohemagglutinin (500 mug/ml), soybean agglutinin (75 mug/ml) and wheat germ agglutinin (250 mug/ml) had no effect. Inhibition of conjugation by concanavalin A is completely reversible by 40 mM of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. PMID- 820700 TI - Interspecific transplantation of polar plasm between Drosophila embryos. AB - Posterior polar plasm of the Drosophila egg has been shown to function autonomously in germ cell determination after transplantation to either the anterior or mid-ventral region of the early embryo. By means of similar transplantations, we have tested the ability of polar plasm of Drosophila immigrans to induce the formation of pole cells in a Drosophila melanogaster embryo. After the transplantation of polar plasm, "hybrid" pole cells were found in which both pole cell-specific organelles, the polar granules and nuclear body, were structurally similar to those characteristic of the transplanted cytoplasm. In order to determine whether these hybrid cells can function as germ cell precursors, these cells were transplanted to the posterior tip of genetically marked embryos. Approximately 5% of the flies obtained from embryos receiving potential pole cells produce offspring derived from the induced pole cells. This result demonstrates that polar plasm can function in interspecific species combinations and indicates that the molecular mechanisms of germ cell determination are conservative in evolution. Finally, in order to test whether there is any evidence for cytoplasmic inheritance of polar granules, embryos derived from hybrid pole cells were examined for their polar granule morphology. The fine structure of the granules conformed to that of the nucleus. Thus, no evidence was found for the cytoplasmic inheritance of these particular organelles. PMID- 820702 TI - Need for and utilization of long-term care among elderly americans. PMID- 820701 TI - Low resistance junctions in crayfish. Structural changes with functional uncoupling. AB - Electrical uncoupling of crayfish septate lateral giant axons is paralleled by structural changes in the gap junctions. The changes are characterized by a tighter aggregation of the intramembrane particles and a decrease in the overall width of the junction and the thickness of the gap. Preliminary measurements indicate also a decrease in particle diameter. The uncoupling is produced by in vitro treatment of crayfish abdominal cords either with a Ca++, Mg++-free solution containing EDTA, followed by return to normal saline (Van Harreveld's solution), or with VAn Harreveld's solution containing dinitrophenol (DNP). The uncoupling is monitored by the intracellular recording of the electrical resistance at a septum between lateral giant axons. The junctions of the same septum are examined in thin sections; those of other ganglia of the same chain used for the electrical measurements are studied by freeze-fracture. In controls, most junctions contain a more or less regular array of particles repeating at a center to center distance of approximately 200 A. The overall width of the junctions is approximately 200 A and the gap thickness is 40-50 A. Vesicles (400 700 A in diameter) are closely apposed to the junctional membranes. In uncoupled axons, most junctions contain a hexagonal array of particles repeating at a center to center distance of 150-155 A. The overall width of the junctions is approximately 180 A and the gap thickness is 20-30 A. These junctions are usually curved and are rarely associated with vesicles. Isolated, PTA-stained junctions, also believed to be uncoupled, display similar structural features. There are reasons to believe that the changes in structure and permeability are triggered by an increase in the intracellular free Ca++ concentration. Most likely, the changes in permeability are caused by conformational changes in some components of the intramembrane particles at the gap junctions. PMID- 820703 TI - The effect of aspirin and indomethacin on the TRH response in man. AB - A double-blind study of the effect of two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the TRH stimulation of serum TSH and prolactin was carried out in 35 normal males. The subjects were evaluated before and after the administration of indomethacin or aspirin for one week. Both indomethacin and aspirin lowered plasma prostaglandin E and F levels significantly. Indomethacin treatment had no effect on the serum TSH or prolactin response to 100 mug TRH or the serum T3 and T4 levels. In contrast, aspirin treatment significantly decreased the serum TSH response to TRH and significantly lowered mean total serum T3 (RIA) and T4 (D). There was no effect on the prolactin response to TRH. These findings suggest that aspirin blocks TRH responsiveness by a mechanism other than the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, probably by its previously demonstrated effect on increasing the fraction of unbound thyroid hormone. PMID- 820704 TI - Somatostatin does not suppress plasma parathyroid hormone. AB - The effect of somatostatin on plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studied in 6 subjects with normal parathyroid function and one patient with a parathyroid adenoma. In 5 subjects, including the one with the parathyroid adenoma, plasma PTH was measured by radioimmunoassay during a 4-hour infusion of somatostatin (500 mug/h). In 2 subjects, PTH responses to EDTA were compared with those observed during a simultaneous infusion of somatostatin and EDTA. In no instance was ther a discernible effect of the somatostatin infusion on plasma PTH. These results demonstrate that somatostatin does not suppress plasma PTH. PMID- 820705 TI - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on TSH and PRL secretion after TRH stimulation in the human. AB - In order to study the effect of prostaglandins on TSH release in the human, Acetylsalicylic Acid was given to 9 normal subjects at doses necessary to obtain a salicylate level of 20 mg/dl. TRH, 400 mug was injected prior to and after the medication. Thyroid hormone parameters were measured at time 0, and TSH and PRL at time 10, 20, 30, 45 minutes after the injection. The free fraction of thyroid hormones remained constant during treatment but a significant decrease of TSH concentration (30%) was noted after TRH injection on Acetylsalicylic Acid treatment whereas no changes were noted for PRL. As noted in the animal, this study indicates that in the human, prostaglandins potentiate the effect of TRH on TSH liberation by the pituitary where it has no effect on PRL. PMID- 820706 TI - Effect of halofenate on serum thyroid hormone determinations in vitro. AB - Halofenate has been shown to decrease thyroxine (T4) binding to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in vitro. Several indirect serum thyroid hormone assays are dependent on thyroid hormone binding and the results might be altered by halofenate in the serum. Halofenate free acid (50-500 mug/ml) was added to serum samples in vitro, and the samples were assayed for total serum T4 by competitive protein-binding assay (CPB) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), the per cent of dialyzable T4 (%FT4), total serum triiodothyronine (T3) by RIA, and resin T3 uptake (RT3U). Halofenate increased the measured T4 (CPB), %FT4, T3 (RIA), AND RT3U, but did not alter the T4 (RIA) determination. Thus, halofenate appears to diminish T4 binding to TBG in vitro, and artifactually alters the serum determinations of T4 (CPB), %FT4, T3 (RIA), AND RT3U. Calculated values derived from these measurements for the free thyroxine index and "free" T4 will also be affected halofenate. Only the T4 (RIA) determination was unchanged by the presence of halofenate in vitro. PMID- 820707 TI - Secretion of alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones by pituitary adenomas. AB - In 60 patients with pituitary adenomas, the serum concentration of the alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones (serum alpha) was measured by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Five patients had markedly elevated serum alpha prior to therapy (range 14.5-23.0 ng/ml). These 5 patients included 2 hyperthyroid men with inappropriately high serum thyrotropin, one of whom also had acromegaly, a man with hyperprolactinemia and elevated cerebrospinal fluid alpha, a postmenopausal woman with low serum gonadotropins and hyperprolactinemia, and a man with central hypothyroidism and hypogonadism. Three of the 5 were restudied after therapy; serum alpha in these three decreased from19.5 to 10.6, 23.0 to 2.0, and 17.0 to 12.0 ng/ml. Alpha in these 3 patinets' serum eluted similarly to normal pituitary alpha by gel chromatography. The other 55 patinets, including twenty with acromegaly, fifteen with galactorrhea, and two with Nelson's syndrome, had serum alpha.less than 0.5-5.0 ng/ml. In addition, 22 patients with "empty sella" syndrome (no pituitary tumor) had alpha less than 0.5 5.0 ng/ml. Normal men and premenopausal women had serum alpha concentrations of less than 0.5-2.5 ng/ml; normal postmenopausal women, 1.0-7.0 ng/ml; and patients with primary hypothyroidism, 0.7-9.0 ng/ml. The decreased alpha response to thyrotropin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (TRH and LHRH) implied a relative autonomy of pituitary tumor alpha secretion; the mean alpha increment in the 5 patients with elevated serum alpha was 15% after TRH administration and 10% after LHRH. Normal individuals and patients with primary hypothyroidism demonstrated greater mean per cent alpha increments after TRH or LHRH. In certain patients with an enlarged sella turcica, an elevated serum alpha with little or no increase in secretion after TRH and LHRH may suggest the presence of pituitary tumor. PMID- 820708 TI - The effect of oral administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on lactation. AB - Sixteen puerperal women between the ages of 17-30 years, were studied in a double blind trial during the four weeks postpartum. Eight women received orally 20 mg of synthetic TRH three times a day, 30 minutes before the corresponding breast feeding; the remaining group received a placebo in the same fashion. The women receiving TRH exhibited higher basal concentrations of serum PRL as well as a higher increment in response to suckling; however, the PRL concentrations before and after breast feeding in this group were similar to those of the control group by the fourth week postpartum. TRH treatment showed no effect on the yield or content of milk during the four-week period. In a conjoint study, PRL concentrations did not rise after TRH administration in women with defective lactation, suggesting that some impairment of the PRL release mechanism was present. TRH caused no clinical hyperthyroidism in the mothers nor in the children. Serial determinations of serum T3 and TBG revealed values within the normal limits. It was also observed that TRH administration had no effect on FSH and LH secretion, and gonadotropin secretion was not inhibited despite of the increments on PRL concentrations. In both groups, suckling had no effect on serum levels of pituitary gonadotropins determined before and after breast feeding. We have concluded that in full lactating mothers: a) the oral administration of TRH produced a marked increment in PRL concentration but no significant augmentation of milk production was observed; b) in some cases of hypogalactia, TRH did not improve the milk production; and c) the PRL-enhanced secretion showed no effect on gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 820709 TI - The effect of glucocorticoid administration on human pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin. AB - In order to determine the mechanism by which glucocorticosteroids decrease the serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH), we studied eight normal subjects before and after they received 16 mg of dexamethasone daily for 2 1/2 days. Serum levels of TSH and prolactin (PRL) were measured in the basal state and in response to the intravenous administration of 200 mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); T4, free T4 (fT4), T3, and free T3 (fT3) were measured before TRH injection. Metabolic clearance rates of TSH corrected for body surface area (MCR-TSH/m2) were determined by the method of constant infusion to equilibrium; the production rates of TSH (PR-TSH/m2) were calculated. Dexamethasone produced a decrease in basal TSH from 2.2 to 0.8 muU/ml (P less than 0.02), a statistically insignificant elevation in MCR-TSH/m2 from 25.8 to 34.1 ml/min/m2, and a decrease in PR-TSH/m2 from 79 to 30 mU/day/m2 (P less than 0.01). Peak TSH response to TRH decreased from 16.4 to 5.8 muU/ml (P less than 0.005), as did TSH reserve from 1.58 to 0.54 mU - min/ml (P less than 0.005). Repetitive TRH testing alone did not account for these changes. Basal PRL, peak PRL after TRH, and PRL reserve did not change significantly after dexamethasone administration. Although Basal T4 and fT4 did not change significantly, dexamethasone did decrease T3 from 106 to 61 ng/dl (P less than 0.001) and fT3 from 174 to 76 pg/dl (P less than 0.05). Dexamethasone produced similar changes in patients with various thyroid disorders. In addition, when plasma cortisol was lowered by metyrapone administration in 25 euthyroid patients, the serum TSH concentration rose from 1.6 to 3.1 muU/ml (P less than 0.001). These data indicate that dexamethasone a) suppresses TSH secretion without increasing fT3 and fT4 and b) blunts the TSH, but not the PRL response, to TRH. Hence, one effect of the administration of dexamethasone in high dose is a direct suppression of pituitary TSH secretion. Furthermore, physiologic levesl of circulating cortisol also have a suppressive effect on serum TSH. PMID- 820710 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with craniopharyngiomas. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary function was investigated in 20 patients with craniopharyngioma, and all showed some degree of hypopituitarism. Pituitary adrenal dysfunction was present in 50% of the patients whereas all but one had deficiencies of growth hormone and gonadotropin. Serum thyroxine was low in 13 patients, and in a further six there was an abnormal response of thyrotropin (TSH) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Prolactin levels were normal in over half the patients tested and only moderately elevated in the remainder. Gonadotropins failed to increase adequately after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LRH) in all but one patient, and the response gave no indication of the predominantly hypothalamic site of the tumors. PMID- 820711 TI - Suppression by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of growth hormone release induced by arginine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. AB - Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly increased following L arginine (30 g) infusion or insulin (0.1 U/kg body wt)-induced hypoglycemia in normal men. When synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1 mg) was infused intravenously for 150 min, beginning 30 min before arginine or insulin administration, GH responses to arginine and insulin were significantly blunted with a mean (+/- SE) percentage inhibition of 80.1 +/- 8.8% and 30.6 +/- 10.3%, respectively. These results suggest a possible inhibitory effect of TRH on GH secretion in man. PMID- 820712 TI - The failure of physiologic doses of reverse T3 to effect thyroid-pituitary function in man. AB - Reverse T3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, rT3), a major product of the peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4), was administered to normal male volunteers in doses sufficient to sustain an elevated serum rT3 concentration similar to that frequently observed in patients with nonthyroidal illness. No changes in basal serum T4, T3, TSH and prolactin concentrations, nor in the T3, TSH and prolactin responses to iv TRH were observed during rT3 administration. These findings suggest that physiologic increases in serum rT3 concentration probably do not inhibit T4 to T3 conversion or the anterior pituitary TSH and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 820713 TI - Rapid micromethod of screening for antibodies to disease agents using the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody test. AB - We have developed a rapid and simple indirect enzyme-labeled antibody procedure suitable for screening for antibodies to viral, bacterial, and parasitic antigens. Disposable microplates were utilized as antigen carriers and test vehicles. The test worked equally well with serum or whole unclotted blood. Using an automatic pipettor, 96 tests could be performed in 30 to 60 min. We report on the development of enzyme-labeled antibody procedures for the detection and surveillance of animal diseases. PMID- 820714 TI - Effect of volume of blood cultured on detection of bacteremia. AB - The rates of recovery of bacteria from vented vacuum blood culture bottles containing 50 and 100 ml of a soybean-casein digest broth were compared. Overall, more isolates were recovered from the larger bottle; moreover, gram-negative bacilli and especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered significantly more frequently (P less than 0.01) from the 100-ml bottle. PMID- 820715 TI - Placenta, transcortin, and localized immune response. AB - The syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the human placenta contain a cytoplasmic protein recognized by fluorescein-labeled transcortin-specific antibody. Purification of this protein from human placenta, by those methods employed for the purification of human plasma transcortin, yielded a protein that exhibited antigenic and biochemical similarity to plasma transcortin. Placental transcortin differs from plasma transcortin in that it has a smaller sedimentation coefficient (3S vs 3.75S) and binds cortisol less strongly. This purified protein is able to block the phytohemagglutinin response of maternal lymphocytes even more than serum transcortin. It is postulated that the biological role may be that of inhibiting the maternal cell-mediated immune response to the presence of the antigenic conceptus. PMID- 820716 TI - N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in man. Absence of the enzyme in Morquio disease. AB - Human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (6-sulfatase) activity is measured by using as a substrate a sulfated tetrasaccharide obtained by digesting purified chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S) with testicular hyaluronidase. The amount of inorganic sulfate released is measured turbidimetrically. The enzyme from human kidney has a pH optimum of 4.8; its activity is augmented by low levels of NaCl and inhibited by phosphate and high levels of NaCl. Free glucuronate, acetylgalactosamine, inorganic sulfate, polymeric C-6-S, or tetrasaccharide obtained from chondroitin-4-sulfate do not affect the enzyme activity. The method may be used for the diagnosis of Morquio disease since extracts of Morquio fibroblasts are devoid of 6-sulfatase activity. PMID- 820718 TI - In vitro gray scale echography of protein-lipid fluid collections in liver tissue. AB - Three types of protein-lipid fluid collections--homogenized milk, buttermilk, and yogurt--were studied in liver tissue by in vitro gray scale echography. These fluid collections are capable of producing internal echoes, dampened sound transmission, partial acoustic "shadows", and ill-defined interfaces with hepatic parenchyma. Such effects may preclude universal detection of purulent hepatic abscesses when they contain similar types of substances. PMID- 820721 TI - Ultrasonics evaluation of intrathoracic masses. AB - B mode ultrasound can be used to evaluate intrathoracic masses that contact the chest wall. It provides a noninvasive technique to distinguish cystic from solid lesions and to assess the internal structure. Four cases are reported in which this procedure was used to provide diagnositc information. PMID- 820717 TI - Effects of physiologic levels of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies involving administration of exogenous hormone during suppression of endogenous hormone secretion with somatostatin. AB - To study the individual effects of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, endogenous secretion of both hormones was simultaneously suppressed with somatostatin and physiologic circulating levels of one or the other hormone were reproduced by exogenous infusion. The interaction of these hormones with insulin was evaluated by performing these studies in juvenile-onset, insulin-deficient diabetic subjects both during infusion of insulin and after its withdrawal. Infusion of glucagon (1 ng/kg-min) during suppression of its endogenous secretion with somatostatin produced circulating hormone levels of approximately 200 pg/ml. When glucagon was infused along with insulin, plasma glucose levels rose from 94 +/- 8 to 126 +/- 12 mg/100 ml over 1 h (P less than 0.01); growth hormone, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, alanine, FFA, and glycerol levels did not change. When insulin was withdrawn, plasma glucose, beta hydroxybutyrate, FFA, and glycerol all rose to higher levels (P less than 0.01) than those observed under similar conditions when somatostatin alone had been infused to suppress glucagon secretion. Thus, under appropriate conditions, physiologic levels of glucagon can stimulate lipolysis and cause hyperketonemia and hyperglycemia in man; insulin antagonizes the lipolytic and ketogenic effects of glucagon more effectively than the hyperglycemic effect. Infusion of growth hormone (1 mug/kg-h) during suppression of its endogenous secretion with somastostatin produced circulating hormone levels of approximately 6 ng/ml. When growth hormone was administered along with insulin, no effects were observed. After insulin was withdrawn, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, and FFA all rose to higher levels (P less than 0.01) than those observed during infusion of somatostatin alone when growth hormone secretion was suppressed; no difference in plasma glucose, alanine, and glucagon levels was evident. Thus, under appropriate conditions, physiologic levels of growth hormone can augment lipolysis and ketonemia in man, but these actions are ordinarily not apparent in the presence of physiologic levels of insulin. PMID- 820719 TI - Rapid evaluation of many pulse echo system characteristics by use of a triggered pulse burst generator with exponential decay. AB - A pulse burst generator is utilized in which the pulses are triggered by the transmitter pulse of the ultrasound system being tested. The pulses are spaced the equivalent of every 2 mm in the body, and their amplitude decays with 0, 1.25, or 2.5 dB/cm over greater than a 50 dB dynamic range. By replacing the ultrasound transducer with the pulse generator, one can record quite easily the accuracy of depth gain compensation (DGC) and of distance measurements in A mode and B mode. If the DGC on the ultrasound unit can be turned to zero, the unit's A mode display characteristic and B mode gray scale curve can be determined rapidly and the receiver gain control or attenuator can be calibrated. Measurement of a receiver signal-to-noise ratio is possible, and more quantitative imaging should be facilitated as well. PMID- 820720 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of liver metastases. AB - Twenty-one patients were investigated with ultrasound for the diagnosis of liver metastases. The most common specific appearances of liver metastases encountered in this series were echogenic nodules and transsonic areas within an echogenic parenchyma. Nonspecific signs include hepatomegaly, distortion of the hepatic outline and alteration of the normal liver architecture. The results of this study suggest that the accuracy of this method of identifying liver metastases may be high. PMID- 820722 TI - Anterior position of the lower pole of the right kidney: potential confusion with right upper quadrant mass. AB - A group of patients with anterior position of the lower pole of the right kidney were examined with ultrasound to evaluate a palpable right upper quadrant mass. After it was determined, with the use of ultrasound, that the palpable mass represented the kidney, no further evaluations were necessary. This appearance is seen fairly often in normal individuals and should be considered a normal variant. The possible anatomic explanation for this appearance is discussed. PMID- 820723 TI - Demonstration of left ventricular thrombus by conventional echocardiography. PMID- 820724 TI - Expanded criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of gallstones. AB - The ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder for stones can be an accurate procedure if an expanded set of criteria are used. Employing such criteria we have been able to reach a diagnosis in 92 percent of examinations with no false positive and no false negative results. The expanded criteria are described and several illustrative examples are shown. PMID- 820725 TI - Torque feedback radiometer for ultrasonic power measurements. AB - A radiometer for use in ultrasonic power measurements in the 10-200 milliwatt regime has been built and tested. The device is based on the torque feedback principle applied to a friction-free taut-band meter movement. Measurements using the instrument have been made on two commercial ultrasound instruments. PMID- 820726 TI - Serum urea analysis using the Beckman BUN Analyzer. AB - A new instrument, the Beckman BUN Analyzer, has been produced for the estimation of urea in microvolume (0-01 ml) of serum or plasma. It requires only a simple two-point calibration for standardization and is suitable for a range of urea levels from zero to 70 mmol/l. The test procedure is simple. After the initial calibration the test sample is injected into the testing chamber and a digital result of the urea concentration is displayed. Serum urea measurements made by this method compared well with those obtained by the Technicon AutoAnalyzer method over the entire working range. The within-batch coefficient of variation of the method is 5-5%, and less at urea levels of 11 to 44 mmol/l. The between batch coefficient of variation of the method is 6-9%, and less at urea concentrations of 10 to 47 mmol/l. The BUN Aanalyzer method is a quick and reliable alternative to conventional laboratory methods for serum or plasma urea estimation and is especially useful for urgent investigations of both adult and paediatric patients in the hospital wards and at the outpatient clinics. PMID- 820728 TI - Blood hyperviscosity during Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei infections of rabbits. PMID- 820727 TI - Tests of performance of anaerobic jars. AB - This paper briefly reviews methods of assessing the in-use performance of anaerobic jars and outlines a simple system combining a rapid test of catalytic activity with a biological indicator that can detect defects in the jars after incubation. PMID- 820729 TI - The effects of cuprizone toxicity on the incubation period of scrapie in mice. PMID- 820730 TI - Topical antibiotics. AB - The efficacy and safety of topical antibiotics is reviewed in the following paper. Complications and side effects are also discussed. PMID- 820731 TI - [Restoration of damaged DNA and mutagenesis]. PMID- 820732 TI - Inhibitory effects of various drugs on dual asthmatic responses in wheat flour sensitive subjects. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of late asthmatic response (LAR), inhibitory effects of various drugs for LAR were examined in two wheat flour sensitive asthmatic subjects who showed immediate and late responses in the allergen provocation test and skin test. Antihistamines did not inhibit the LAR but totally or partially inhibited the immediate response. By contrast, corticosteroids inhibited the LAR but not the immediate response. Disodium cromoglycate inhibited both responses. Diethyl carbamazine citrate, an inhibitor of release of SRS-A, seemed to shorten the duration of the LAR, although it has no effect on the immediate response and/or on the severity of the LAR. Indomethacin and acetyl salicylate, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, had no significant effects on either the immediate or the LAR. PMID- 820734 TI - Letter: 13C nucleur magnetic resonance probe of the active site of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 820733 TI - Aspirin-induced asthma. Hypersensitivity to fenoprofen and ibuprofen in relation to their inhibitory action on prostaglandin generation by different microsomal enzymic preparations. AB - Eighteen patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity have been challenged with increasing doses of aspirin, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, and dextropropoxyphene. Low doses of the first three drugs induced bronchoconstriction in all the patients as evidenced by fall in peak expiratory flow and appearance of clinical symptoms. There were no reactions to therapeutic doses of dextropropoxyphene. Aspirin, fenoprofen, and ibuprofen, but not dextropropoxyphene, inhibited prostaglandin synthetase activity in three different microsomal preparations, i.e., in bovine seminal vesicles, in rabbit brain, and in rabbit kidney medulla. Expected in vivo antienzymic potency of a drug, calculated from experiments using rabbit brain microsomes, corresponded roughly with its potency to induce bronchoconstriction in the challenge tests. An individual pattern of sensitivity to threshold doses of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors was demonstrated for each patient. The results obtained suggest that precipitation of asthmatic attacks by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. The degree of enzymic inhibition, which is sufficient to precipitate bronchoconstriction, is an individual hallmark. Knowing the threshold dose for any of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in a patient, one can predict the threshold doses for the rest of aspirin-like drugs in this particular patient. PMID- 820735 TI - Thirteenth Annual Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture: Nutrition education-what comes next? AB - Education for normal nutrition must include preventive measures against the principal health problems of the day, namely cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Preventive nutrition denotes a sufficiency of all nutrients for normal metabolic processes and the avoidance of excesses of calories, salurated fat, cholesterol, simple carbohydrates, and refined foods. The dietitian is uniquely qualified to interpret nutritional science and to apply it to daily food choices by people and must assume leadership in all program development for nutrition education, including nutrition education programs in the nation's schools. For effective, preventive nutrition education, new perspectives are needed to overcome the limitations of the simplistic, traditional approach. PMID- 820736 TI - Preventing ketoacidosis in the child with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. I. Identifying the problem patient. PMID- 820737 TI - Preventing ketoacidosis in the child with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. II. The learning environment. PMID- 820738 TI - Aging and parathyroid hormone secretion. AB - Influence of age on parathyroid hormone secretion and release was studied in vitro using rat parathyroid glands in culture and in vivo by EDTA injection. Parathyroid hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay using guinea pig antibody for bovine parathyroid hormone and 125I-labeled synthetic N-terminal peptide of bovine parathyroid hormone. Significantly less PTH was released from parathyroid glands of 18-mo-old rats than from those of 1 mo of age at various calcium concentrations of the medium in vitro. Secretion of parathyroid hormone in response to EDTA-induced hypocalcemia in vivo was also less in older rats than in younger ones, giving lower deltaPTH/deltaCa values in the older animal. Secretion of parathyroid hormone therefore appears to decrease along with aging in rats. PMID- 820739 TI - Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase from the bovine submandibular gland. AB - In this paper the authors describe the purification and characterization of a single molecular form of carbonic anhydrase from the bovine submandibular gland. This enzyme has a high specific activity for the hydration of CO2, a molecular weight of 29,500 dalton and a isoelectric pH of 4.9. It is found in a high concentration in the bovine salivary glands. Its possible physiologic role in the secretion of saliva is discussed. PMID- 820740 TI - Genes on chromosome 3 of the mouse. AB - We have located three loci on Chromosome 3 : carbonic anhydrase-1 (Car-1), carbonic anhydrase-2 (Car-2), and blebs (my). The Robertsonian translocation Rb(1.3) 1Bnr was used as a marker for the centromere of Chromosome 3. The loci map is as follows: centromere-2.5cM-(Car-1, Car-2)-26cM-my. PMID- 820800 TI - Regulation of antibody response in different immunoglobulin classes. I. Selective suppression of anti-DNP IgE antibody response by preadministration of DNP-coupled mycobacterium. AB - Selective suppression of IgE antibody response was demonstrated. Preadministration of DNP-coupled mycobacterium (DNP-Tbc) inhibited the formation of anti-DNP IgE antibody induced by DNP-OA without any suppressive effect on anti DNP IgG antibody response. Secondary anti-DNP IgE antibody response by DNP-OA was also significantly depressed by the preadministration of DNP-Tbc. Anti-OA IgE antibody response induced by DNP-OA was also depressed by DNP-Tbc, whereas anti OA IgE antibody response induced by PAB-OA was not affected by the preadministration of DNP-Tbc. Preimmunization with DNP-MGG induced much higher anti-DNP IgG antibody response than DNP-Tbc, but DNP-MGG did not suppress the induction of anti-DNP IgE antibody. The transfer of DNP-Tbc-primed spleen cells into normal mice depressed anti-DNP IgE antibody response. B cell-depleted cell populations also showed a comparable inhibitory effect to that of unfractionated DNP-Tbc primed cells. In the adoptive cell transfer experiment, DNP-Tbc-primed cells depressed anti-DNP IgE antibody response of DNP-OA-primed cells when these cells were stimulated with DNP-OA. These results suggested that DNP-specific T cells induced with DNP-Tbc selectively inhibited IgE antibody response. PMID- 820801 TI - Structure and biologic functions of human IgD. X. Enhancement of PHA responsiveness by anti-delta-activated lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral lymphocytes with the capacity to be stimulated by anti-delta exhibited in PHA responsiveness when cultured with anti-delta 1 or 12 hr before PHA exposure over cells exposed to PHA alone. When these lymphocytes were preincubated with PHA 1 or 12 hr before anti-delta activation, no augmentation of the PHA response was seen. In addition, lymphocytes from donors with a high PHA response (low anti-delta activation) failed to show an enhancing effect on PHA responsiveness when pretreated with anti-delta. Moreover, anti-mu showed no synergistic effect on PHA responsiveness. This study is the first to indicate that anti-delta-activated cells enhance PHA responsiveness. PMID- 820802 TI - Murine plasma cells secreting more than one class of immunoglobulin heavy chain. I. Frequency of two or more M-components in ascitic fluids from 788 primary plasmacytomas. AB - Primary ascites from 778 consecutive plasmacytomas of BALB/c and other mouse strains were tested by immunoelectrophoresis for the presence of paraproteins belonging to different immunoglobulin classes. gammaA was produced by 338 tumors: gamma Gs (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, or gamma 3) by 163 tumors; and gamma M by seven tumors. Free kappa- or lambda-typed light chains were produced by 14 tumors, and no detectable paraprotein was produced by 202 tumors. Two or more paraproteins were detected in the primary ascites of 54 plasmacytomas. Evidence suggests that in most cases, the multiple paraproteins are produced by simultaneously occurring, independent plasma cell tumors. However, two tumors, SAMM 368 and TEPC 609, produced two paraproteins for over 30 generations in transplantation. This finding implies that single clones of plasma cells have the capacity to produce more than one class of immunoglobulin. PMID- 820803 TI - Localized deletion-insertion mutations: a major factor in the evolution of immunoglobulin structural variability. AB - New and previously published amino acid sequences of mouse Vk chains completed to Trp35 were examined. This sequence includes a framework loop from NH2 to Cys23 and an antigen contacting complementarity region L1 which lies between Cys23 and Trp35. There are many different sequence variations from NH2 to Cys23 among BALB/c mouse Vk chains indicating multigenic control. Coordinately there is a remarkable structural heterogeneity of L1 size and sequence. Thus far chains with the same NH2-Cys23 sequence have similar sized L1, which suggests a close relationship between L1 size and characteristic NH2-Cys23 sequence. In this multigenic system selection for chains with size variations in L1 appears to have occurred. The mutational process that inserts or deletes triplets in this region is thought to be exploited in the derivation of new useful structural genes. PMID- 820804 TI - The rat basophilic leukemia cell receptor for IgE. I. Characterization as a glycoprotein. AB - Rat basophilic leukemia cells were labeled either enzymically with 125I or biosynthetically by culture in the presence of 14C-glucosamine or 3H-amino-acids and then extracted with NP-40. IgE-anti-IgE precipitates insolubilized a radiolabeled macromolecule from these extracts largely or entirely absent in control IgG-anti-IgG percipitates. When specific precipitates were boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, most of the 14C or 125I radioactivity was in the area corresponding to an apparent m.w of 60,000 to 70,000 in 5.9% gels. In 10% and 12% gels, faster mobility was demonstrated indicating an atypical electrophoretic behavior often associated with glycoproteins and a presumptive m.w. of 50,000 or less. Since only IgE-containing precipitates localized label in this region and since such precipitates from cells saturated with IgE prior to surface iodination failed to show this band, the labeled macromolecule appears to be the IgE receptor itself. Analysis of the acid hydrolysates of precipitated 14C radioactivity demonstrated that label was entirely in hexosamines and sialic acid. 125I and 14C labels in the recepotr region were eliminated almost completely with pepsin and pronase and to a lesser extent with trypsin. PMID- 820805 TI - The homologues of rabbit b-allotypes on hare immunoglobulin light chains: an evolutionary puzzle. AB - Most alloantisera directed against the rabbit allotypes b4, b5, and b6 cross reacted with hare IgG. The determinants recognized by antisera against the three allotypes were shown to reside on the same hare L chains. Hare immunoglobulins, when injected into b4, b5, or b9 rabbits, elicited the formation of antibodies which reacted with hare IgG and cross-reacted with those rabbit allotypes (except b9) absent from the recipient. The anti-b9 antisera tested lacked reactivity with hare IgG. PMID- 820806 TI - A homologue of the rabbit kappa-chain allotype b9 ON IgG from a cottontail rabbit. AB - Eight out of 12 anti-b9 antisera tested strongly bound 125IgG of only one of four individual cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). In addition to this apparent polymorphism of a b9 homologue in cottontail rabbits, a polymorphism defined by some anti-b5 antisera was found. Three of 15 anti-b5 antisera reacted with IgG from only two of the four cottontail rabbits. Reactions with anti-b4 and anti-b6 were similar to those with hare IgG. Most anti-b4 and anti-b6 antisera bound the IgG from each animal. The cottontails we tested also resembled the hare with respect to their weak reactivity with some anti-a2 antisera (Vh allotype) and strong reactivity with anti-15 (an allotype localized in the Fc portion of rabbit gamma-chains). PMID- 820808 TI - Haemolymphal activation of protyrosinase and the site of synthesis of haemolymph protyrosinase in larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga barbata. PMID- 820807 TI - Soluble antigens and antibodies in sera from baboons infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 820809 TI - [Rhythm of vitellogenesis and ovulation in photoperiod ld 12:12 of drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 820810 TI - [Destruction of the pars intercerebralis in drosophila melanogaster: effect on the fecundity and the stimulation through copulation]. PMID- 820811 TI - Letter: Skin tumors produced by systemic administration of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 820812 TI - Experimental endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Description of a model. AB - Rabbits with sterile, right ventricular cardiac vegetationss were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and serum-susceptible or -resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the rabbits challenged with serum-susceptible P. aeruginosa died or had greater than 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu)/g cultured from vegetations two weeks later. In contrast, 78% of animals challenged with serum resistant P. aeruginosa died within three weeks, and 74% sacrificed at three days had organisms cultured from vegetations. All of the animals challenged with S. aureus died, and all had greater than 10(8) cfu of P. aeruginosa/g in vegetation tissue at three days. There was a significantly greater number of organisms (P less than 0.001) in the vegetations of animals dying of S. aureus infection than in those of animals with P. aeruginosa endocarditis (mean, 10(9.6) vs. 10(7.5) cfu/g, respectively). Left-sided endocarditis was produced in 100% of rabbits injected with serum-resistant P. aeruginosa. These models could be used for studies of the pathogenesis and therapy of P. aeruginosa endocarditis. PMID- 820814 TI - [Botulism]. PMID- 820813 TI - Nutritional status: a determinant of severity of diarrhea in patients with cholera. AB - The severity of diarrhea and nutritional status were measured in a prospective study of 97 patients hospitalized with cholera in Dacca, Bangladesh. Ninety-five percent of both adults and children were below their respective medians in weight as related to height; greater than 15% of each group showed second-degree protein calorie malnutrition. Duration of diarrhea, but no volume of stool per hour, was prolonged by 30%-70% in those adults and children suffering from more severe malnutrition. The increased stool loss was unrelated to antibiotic usage, to presence of intestinal parasites, or to the refeeding diet given. It is suggested that the prolongation of diarrhea represents the continued effect of cholera toxin that is irreversibly bound to intestinal mucosal cells, the replacement of which would be retarded under conditions of poor nutrition. PMID- 820815 TI - [Decrease in tetracycline-resistant strains and changes in type distribution of Group A hemolytic streptococci recently isolated from patients with scarlet fever]. PMID- 820816 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on intestinal bacterial flora (drug combination with multi drug-resistant lactobacillus acidophilus preparation)]. PMID- 820817 TI - [Antibody titers against the thermostable direct hemolysin in the sera of patients with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection]. PMID- 820818 TI - [Report on management typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: analysis of punched cards filed during 1970-72]. PMID- 820820 TI - [Tularemia]. PMID- 820819 TI - [Report on management of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers; result of phage-typing of the isolates and epidemiological studies in 1974]. PMID- 820821 TI - [Clinical studies on influenza neuraminidase inhibiting antibody]. PMID- 820822 TI - [Present condition and future prospects of viral vaccines]. PMID- 820823 TI - Neurofibrosarcoma complicating von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 820824 TI - Anatomical classification facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts. AB - Based on personal observations a new classification of facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts is proposed. The orbit is used as the primary structure of reference. Fifteen locations for clefts can be differentiated. Their course through soft tissues and bone is described in detail and illustrated with typical cases. Combinations of several types of clefts and associated malformations are discussed. The new classification offers the following advantages: it eliminates the old confusing terminology (based on personal experience and case descriptions in the literature it seems to be complete); it facilitates recording of malformations (communication between observers becomes easier); it increases the appreciation for the scope and the tridimensional structure of cranio-facial deformities; and, finally, the better understanding of these rare malformations will lead to more careful investigations, and to more adequate planning of treatment. More complications in corrective surgery will be avoided and the results achieved will improve. PMID- 820825 TI - Proceedings: Studies on the effects of chemical carcinogens on the release and synthesis of polypeptide hormones by rat pituitaries in vitro. PMID- 820826 TI - Proceedings: Localization of thyrotrophin releasing hormone in the spinal cord of the rat by immunohisto-chemistry and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 820827 TI - Use of a hydrophilic plastic as a root canal filling material. PMID- 820828 TI - Cell death in ovarian chambers of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An ultrastructural analysis has been made of certain ovarian chambers undergoing abnormal development. The earliest morphological change in these chambers consists of the alteration of the nuclear material which is then followed by engulfment of portions of the nurse cell cytoplasm, including the nuclear fragments, into the overlying follicle cells. The continuation of this process leads to the progressive disappearance of nurse cells with the concomitant formation of huge dense vacuoles in the follicle layer. The morphological features described in the present investigation are similar to those found in other tissues and interpreted as leading to cell death. It is suggested that certain ovarian chambers undergo cell death as a result of the incapability of furthering their development. The role played by cell death in oogenesis is also discussed on the basis of the current literature. PMID- 820829 TI - Continuity of care in family practice. Part 3: measurement and evaluation of continuity of care. AB - Continuity of care is basic to the value system of family practice. Yet it is not often treated as a measurable quality, and the role of "continuity" in improving the "outcome" of health care is infrequently evaluated. "Continuity" can be understood in terms of its elements: continuity of a professional relationship, continuity of information, and the actual delivery of service or care. These elements in turn can be related to outcome by means of a series of assertions or hypotheses which together constitute a "theory" of continuity of care. This paper develops these ideas and reviews existing research which has examined continuity of care. PMID- 820830 TI - The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6. II. Cytochalasin B inhibition of oral apparatus morphogenesis. AB - The effects of cytochalasin B on oral apparatus morphogenesis and cell division were studied in synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6 syngen 1. Cytochalasin B brought about the rapid arrest of oral apparatus primordium development when added prior to the completion of oral apparatus membranelle differentiation. Cells arrested in development did not divide. When cytochalasin B was added after this transition point, oral apparatus morphogenesis and cell division were completed. The effects of cytochalasin B could be reversed by washing it from the medium. Even though cytochalasin B (at 400 mug/ml) reduced protein synthesis by 30%, the data are consistent with the interpretation that cytochalasin B prevents an assembly process during the membranelle differentiation phase of oral apparatus development. PMID- 820831 TI - The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6. III. The binding of 3H cytochalasin B by the isolated oral apparatus. AB - The binding of tritium-labelled cytochalasin B by the isolated oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6, syngen 1, was investigated. Equilibrium binding studies revealed approximately 1.4 x 10(5) cytochalasin B binding sites per oral apparatus. A Scatchard plot indicates a single class of binding affinities with an association constant of 10(5) liters/mole. Rapid release of oral apparatus-bound cytochalasin B occurred when oral apparatuses were washed and resuspended in 1 mM TRIS without cytochalasin B. Because cytochalasin B binding to oral apparatus microtubular protein was not detected, microtubules are probably not the cytochalasin B binding site. The probable nature of the cytochalasin B binding site within the oral apparatus is discussed. PMID- 820832 TI - Similarities between plasmids of the P-incompatibility group derived from different bacterial genera. AB - The properties of four P-group plasmids, R26, R527, R751 and R906, which differ in resistance phenotype or in the bacterial species in which they were first detected, have been compared with the prototype of this group, RPI. Two of the plasmids, R26 and R527, are new isolates which have been assigned to the P group because of their incompatibility with R751. The properties studied include response to aeruginocin and to male and female sex-specific phages, interaction with prophage B3 and fertility inhibition by plasmid R38. Strains harbouring these plasmids behaved similarly in all tests except those involving aeruginocin. This suggests that the locus for aeruginocin-insensitivity is one of the R determinants whereas the genes controlling the remaining characteristics are closely linked to the transfer factor. These plasmids may therefore have a common ancestor and their differences in resistance phenotype may simply reflect recombination events which they have undergone subsequently. Their similarity is also seen in transduction experiments, since determinants from two of these plasmids can be 'rescued' by the P-group plasmid R18 if this is already present in the recipient cell and the host recombination system is functional. PMID- 820833 TI - Methionine degradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens UK1 and its methionine utilizing mutant. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens UK1, and a mutant derived from it that can use methionine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen, were used to study methionine degradation. Radioactive 2-oxomethionine, 2-oxobutyric acid and carbon dioxide comprised 95% of [I-14C]methionine consumed by the mutant. Demethiolating activity was detected in both strains when they were grown with methionine. The ability to grow on methionine depended on the decarboxylation of 2-oxobutyric acid derived from it. This decarboxylating activity was lost if the growth media contained an additional carbon source. No evidence was obtained for the operation of the cystathionine pathway. PMID- 820834 TI - Recovery of tellurite resistance by heat injured Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 820835 TI - A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Thirteen rhesus monkeys were subjected to impacts of either 200, 300, 400, oe 500 g-cm, on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord (Allen 1911). Six monkeys served as controls to determine the results of transection of the cord as well as the optimal survival time, and 2 additional subjects underwent the operative procedures only. Most of the animals were sacrificed 1 week postoperatively and the brains and spinal cords were processed by the Fink and Heimer (1967) technique for degenerating axons. Two contrils and 1 experimental subject, sacrificed at 1 week, were prepared for electron-microscopic analysis... PMID- 820836 TI - Effects of dorsal column stimulation on primate spinothalamic tract neurons. AB - The effect of dorsal column stimulation on spinothalamic tract cells was investigated in anesthetized monkeys. The dorsal column stimuli were applied at midthoracic or at cervical levels of the cord, while the responses of spinothalamic tract cells of the lumbosacral enlargement were examined. A dorsal column volley depressed the activity of spinothalamic tract cells for about 150 ms. A similar depression was observed whether the spinothalamic tract cell was classified as hair activated, low, or high threshold, based on its response properties to cutaneous stimulation. The hair-activated and low-threshold spinothalamic tract cells were initially excited by the dorsal column volley, but often it was possible to demonstrate that a depression could be produced by stimuli which were too weak to cause excitation of these cells. Depression was produced both of the responses of spinothalamic tract cells to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves and to mechanical stimulation of cutaneous nociceptors. A similar depression was produced by electrical stimulation of large afferents in peripheral nerves. The pathway mediating the depression of spinothalamic tract cells was shown to involve antidromic invasion of collaterals of dorsal column fibers. The best points for stimulation of the cord to produce a depression were over the ipsilateral dorsal column. A lesion interrupting the dorsal column eliminated the depression of cells below the lesion, whereas a lesion of much of the lateral column had no effect. The mechanism of the depression is likely to be complex. Apart from interactions at an interneuronal level, dorsal column volleys can be presumed to collide with sensory input from afferents which project up the dorsal column; collision would interfere chiefly with the responses of hair-activated and low-threshold spinothalamic tract cells. In addition, dorsal column volleys were shown to evoke inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in some spinothalamic tract neurons, and they also produced primary afferent depolarization, at least of large cutaneous afferemts. The excitation of hair-activated and low-threshold spinothalamic tract cells argues against their participation in signaling pain, since dorsal column stimulation in humans does not produce pain at stimulus intensities and frequencies which should activate such neurons. Alternatively, an ascending volley in the dorsal column or in other pathways may interfere with pain transmission in the brain. PMID- 820837 TI - Representation of vestibular afferents in somatosensory thalamic nuclei of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - 1. In awake squirrel monkeys the thalamus was investigated for neuronal responses to vestibular, auditory, visual, proprioceptive, and exteroceptive somatosensory stimulation. The vestibular representation in the thalamus was focused.2. Units responding to electrical vestibular stimulation were found to be scattered within thalamic nuclei receiving somatosensory afferents.3. Ventrobasal neurons have previously been considered place and modality specific. The present data suggest exceptions to this belief. Vestibular input converges with somatotopically organized proprioceptive afferents on neurons in the nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis (identical to nucleus ventralis intermedius), as well as in the posterior portion of the caudal part of the same nucleus. Convergence of both modalities was also found in other nuclei, mainly belonging to the posterior nuclear group, where auditory convergence was also demonstrated.4. Of the vestibular cells in the nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, 23% projected to the sensorimotor cortex, some with collaterals to both pre- and postcentral gyri. PMID- 820838 TI - Angiographic study of the effect of laminectomy in the presence of acute anterior epidural masses. AB - Laminectomies were performed in 16 monkeys to decompress simulated acute epidural masses in front of the spinal cord. When decompression restored normal arterial and venous hemodynamics, the monkeys were neurologically intact in spite of considerable mechanical distortion of the cord. When either the anterior spinal artery or the posterior spinal vein remained obstructed following laminectomy, the monkeys were paraplegic. Acute anterior epidural masses larger than 4 mm in diameter could not be adequately decompressed via the posterior approach. Only minor posterior displacement of the cord is observed following laminectomy in the presence of large anterior masses. PMID- 820839 TI - Effect of type of dietary fat, cholesterol and chenodeoxycholic acid on gallstone formation, bile acid kinetics and plasma lipids in squirrel monkeys. AB - To explore the effect of type of dietary fat, cholesterol and chenodeoxycholic acid on gallstone formation, bile formation, bile composition, bile acid kinetics and plasma lipids in squirrel monkeys, 39 monkeys were studied using seven different diets. Safflower oil, a highly unsaturated fat, added to a diet with cholesterol resulted in at least as high an incidence of cholesterol gallstones as butter added to the same diet. On the other hand, diets with high levels of saturated or unsaturated fat without cholesterol did not result in gallstone formation. Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid (0.1%) did not reduce the incidence of cholesterol gallstones, although the proportion of bile acids as chenodeoxycholic acid increased. Gallbladder biles from monkeys fed semipurified diets with cholesterol had a significantly higher lithogenic index than the comparable groups without cholesterol. Pool sizes of bile acids in all semipurified diet groups were reduced and the lithogenic indices were increased compared with the group fed a commercial feed. Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid caused a decrease in plasma cholesterol in butter groups and an increase in triglyceride concentrations in safflower groups. Diet infuences bile composition and bile acid kinetics, as well as the incidence of gallstones, in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 820840 TI - The economic impact of environmental disease on health care delivery. PMID- 820841 TI - In memoriam David Farrar Mitchell, BS, DDS, PHD December 15, 1918-July 17, 1975. PMID- 820842 TI - An ultrastructural study of the effects of x-irradiation on the oral epithelium of the rat: qualitative aspects. AB - Adult male rats of Simonsen strain were given a dose of 5000 r at 50 peak KV of x irradiation directed at the lower lip, which was everted through a hole in a lead rubber cylinder shielding the head and body of the animal. Light and electron microscopic observations were made on specimens of lip oral mucosa from animals killed at 2, 6, 26 and 50 h and at 12 days after irradiation. The experimental model met the aim of permitting the study of the sequential effects of high dose of irradiation without causing ulceration of the mucosa. Widespread degenerative changes were noted in the basal cells as early as 2 h after x-irradiation, increasing in degree up to 50 h. They included inflation of the outer nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with loss of ribosomes, swelling of mitochondria and disarrangement of cristae evident at 2 h, followed at 6 h by swelling of nucleus and cytoplasm and 26 h by frank membrane breaks. Irreversible degrees of damage were noted in a small though growing minority of cells. Immediate mobilization of the Golgi-lysosomal system was evident as an increase in size of the zone, maximal at 2 h, and subsequent autophagic activity. Signs of recovery, beginning at 26 h, were noted in nuclear envelope, RER, intercellular space, and in mitotic activity by 50 h. Virtually complete recovery was seen at 12 days. It is held that the successful confinement of irradiation to a small tissue volume, the effective activity of the lysosomal system and the short epithelial turnover time were important factors in limiting the damage and in permitting recovery. PMID- 820843 TI - Experimentally induced cleft palates and prophylactic studies in Swiss mice. AB - In order to examine its prophylactic effect, Actihaemyl, (Solcoseryl) was administered to pregnant Swiss mice at various intervals before and after i.p. treatment with 30 mg/kg b.w. Endoxan; the optimal time for administration of the latter was found to be the 11.5th day of pregnancy. A sifnificant reduction (P larger than or equal to 0.01) of the rate of experimentally induced cleft malformations, as well as other types of abnormalities of the head area, was demonstrated in comparison to the control groups. These results were even more pronounced when the mother animals were treated in the following manner: 1/10 LD50(19.7 ml/kg b.w.) of Actihaemyl 1 day, 10 and 5 min before Endoxan, followed by similar doses 5, 10 min and 2 days afterwards. Three prophylactic groups, from a total of 20, demonstrated a significant (p larger than or equal to 0.01) reduction in the cleft palate rate. Three additional groups showed reductions of more than 60% of exophthalmuses and over 25% of encephaloceles. PMID- 820844 TI - Tongue muscle regeneration, Gold marker studies following cold injury. AB - Rat's tongues were injured by cold and the reactive processes were observed by light and electron microscopy. Injured animals and untreated controls were injected with aurothiomalate and the cells in tongue muscles which contained gold were observed after increasing injection-sacrifice time intervals. In the very rapid regeneration, gold-containing macrophage-like cells fused with each other and with well preserved parts of myofibers. The selectivity of gold localization suggested, at least morphologically, a macrophage to myoblast development. The possible factors affecting the rate of muscle regeneration have been discussed with special reference to the nature of the injurious stimulus and the type of cellular response. PMID- 820845 TI - The relation of the clinical picture to the histopathology of snuff dipper"s lesions in a Swedish population. AB - The relation of the clinical picture of snuff dipper's lesions to the histopathological appearance was studied in 114 male dippers aged 20-88 years. Histological study revealed increased epithelial thickness, a vacuolated surface layer with wavelike, eosinophilic spikes directed toward the surface having a narrow, eosinophilic band as a demarcation toward the prickle cell layer, acanthosis, and a slight inflammatory reaction. Thirteen cases showed an increased number of eosinophilic granulocytes, and nine cases contained amorphous, weakly eosinophilic areas in the connective tissue papillae. No epithelial dysplasia was observed. Increased epithelial thicknees, especially the presence of a vacuolated surface layer, was the only histologic feature that could be correlated with the severity of clinical appearance of the lesions. Deeply located changes, like inflammation and amorphous areas, however, were not reflected in the clinical grading of the lesions. PMID- 820846 TI - Long-term organ culture of hamster cheek pouch mucosa. AB - Explants of cheek pouch mucosa from 12- to 48-hour-old hamsters have been maintained in organ culture for up to 49 days with excellent preservation of tissue integrity and relationships. The technique uses gelatin sponge matrix in Leighton tubes with Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (M.E.M.) supplemented with 10% calf serum and antibiotics. PMID- 820847 TI - Aggressive fibrous lesions of the oral cavity. PMID- 820848 TI - Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 2. Studies with d tetrandrine and laudanosine. PMID- 820849 TI - The effects of facial bone from facial tipping of incisors in monkeys. AB - Four male monkeys were utilized to determine whether alveolar dehiscences of fenestrations could be produced by facial tipping of mandibular incisor teeth. Two experimental teeth and two controls were chosen in each monkey. The experimental incisors were moved facially from 2.1 to 5.0 mm over a period of 36 to 95 days. Following movement, the teeth were placed in retention and the monkeys were sacrificed at 0, 30, 60, and 120 days. Clinical measurements were made prior or orthodontic movement by laying a mucoperiosteal flap and measuring the height of the alveolar crest. Measurements were also taken at the time of sacrifice and experimental and control tooth in each animal was used for histological examination. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in bone loss between the control and experimental teeth. 2. No dehiscences or fenestrations developed with the facial movement of the experimental teeth. PMID- 820850 TI - Distribution of a lanthanide (147 Pm) in vascular smooth muscle. AB - In order to ascertain whether trivalent rare earth ions such as lanthanum (La+++) penetrate the cell membrane under physiological conditions, the extracellular and cellular distribution of promethium (147 Pm), a carrier-free rare earth radioisotope, was examined in rabbit aortic smooth muscle. As the duration of incubation was lengthened, uptake of 147Pm continued to increase; it was inhibited by La+++ and other rare earth ions (Nd+++, Lu+++) only when the 147 Pm/rare earth concentration ratio exceeded 1:10(6). However, equally high concentrations of Ca++ had no effect on 147Pm uptake. Efflux of 147Pm was only transiently increased by 1.5 mM La+++, and exposure to 0.05 mM EDTA elicited an increased 147Pm efflux with both transient and maintained components. The magnitude of the EDTA-induced increase in 147 Pm efflux was similar over a 30 fold range of EDTA concentration (0.05-1.5 mM); the limiting factor for 147Pm efflux is the rate of 147Pm desorption from the tissue rather than the extracellular concentration of EDTA. Loss of 147Pm in the presence of 0.05 mM EDTA could be described in terms of two specific washout components (the more rapid of which included 147Pm within the extracellular space and the slower of which had half-times of washout of approximately 7-10 minutes). Uptake of 147Pm was inhibited by lowering the incubation solution temperature to 0 degrees C or by procaine. However, concentrations of metabolic inhibitors (iodoacetate and dinitrophenol) which diminish loss of Ca++ from the cell did not decrease either the uptake or efflux of 147Pm. Thus, significant quantities of 147Pm do not appear to be accumulated within the cell or transported out of the cell; distribution of 147Pm can be most simply described in terms of a binding at and desorption from surface acessible fiber sites. PMID- 820851 TI - Biphasic modulation of potassium release in rat parotid gland by carbachol and phenylephrine. AB - Both 86Rb and 42K appeared to serve as useful markers for potassium movements in rat parotid gland slices. Carbachol and phenylephrine elicited a biphasic increase in potassium release (86Rb release) that was dose related and could be blocked by atropin and phentolamine, respectively. The early transient phase of 86Rb release lasted from 3 to 6 minutes and was not blocked by removal of external Ca. These observations suggested that the transient phase corresponded to the transient hyperpolarization seen by others in response to alpha adrenergic or cholinergic agents. The latter sustained phase of 86Rb release was qualitatively blocked by chelation of external Ca ions or by 1 mM LaCl3. Thus, the sustained phase of release appeared to relate to the loss of total potassium seen by others with this tissue and to the mechanisms responsible for transporting water from blood to saliva. PMID- 820852 TI - The transcapillary exchange of thyroid hormones and thyroxine-binding proteins between blood and tissue fluids. AB - A study has been made of the relative importance of potien bound and unbound hormone in the exchange of thyroid hormones between blood and interstitial fluid. 2. When [I] tyroxine (or thriiodothyronine) and [I] human serum albumin were injected simultaneously into the circulation of sheep with chronic lymphatic fistulae, the thyroid hormones were removed from the circulation and apperaed in all lymph samples at a greater fractional rate than human serum albumin. 3. The steady-state lymph/plasma concentrations ratios of the two specific thyroxine binding proteins were similar to each other and to those of albmin and total thyroxine. 4. Gel filtration studies indicated that the two specific thyroxine binding proteins, ovine serum albumin and human serum albumin, were all of similar molecular size. 5. Concentrations of unbound thyroxine in plasma and various samples of lymph from the one animal were similar. 6. Increasing the proportion of thyroid hormone that was unbound resulted in an increase rate of equilibration of labelled hormone between blood plasma and lymph. 7. Perfusion of the popliteal lymph node demonstrated that thyroid hormones were removed from lymph during its passage through the node. The amount removed was related to the proportion of hormone in the unbound state. PMID- 820853 TI - Inputs from low threshold muscle and cutaneous afferents of hand and forearm to areas 3a and 3b of baboon's cerebral cortex. AB - The posterior wall of the central sulcus in forelimb area of SI has been expolred with extracellular micro-electrodes in baboons lightyl anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and sodium thiopentone. 2. The excitatory responses of 130 single units to low intensity electrical stimulation of the deep radial (muscle) and the superficial radial (cutaneous) nerves have been investigated. 3. Units that responded only to muscle nerve stimulation were located in area 3a but overlapped into area 3b. Units that responded only to cutaneous nerve stimulation were found mainly in area 3b but a number occurred in area 3a. Units that responded to both muscle and nerve stimuli (convergent units) were found throughout area 3a and the rostral part of area 3b. 4. Latency analyses of all three response groups revealed a single population of units responding to low threshold muscle nerve stimulation (mean latency 8.5 msec), and both early and late populations responding to low threshold cutaneous nerve stimulation (mean latencies 9.5 and 13.6 msec respectively). A number of the convergent units had very similar latencies for both inputs. 5. Electrical stimulation within area 3a deminstrated a projection from areas 1 and 3b to area 3a; such a pathway may provide a route for excitation of the late skin population which was found mainly in area 3a. 6. In area 3a units commonly responded to light touch, local pressure or deep pressure but only rarely to movement of hairs. A number of the convergent units responded to natural stimulation of cutaneous receptors. PMID- 820855 TI - Long term changes in augmentation, potentiation, and depression of transmitter release as a function of repeated synaptic activity at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. End-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) were recorded from frog neuromuscular junctions under conditions of low quantal content to study the long-term effects of repeated synaptic activity on transmitter release. 2. The nerve terminal was presented with 30-100 successive conditioning-testing trials applied once every 7 10 min over a 4-16 hr perod. Each conditioning-testing trial consisted of a 200 600 impulse conditioning train followed by a series of testing impulses. The magnitudes and time constants of decay of augmentation and potentiation following each successive conditioning train were determined by measuring the e.p.p. amplitudes resulting from the testing impulses. 3. The magnitude of augmentation immediately following the conditioning trains increased an average of 3-4 times (range 1-20) with sucessive trials. 4. As the magnitude of augmentation increased with successive trials the decay of augmentation deviated from a simple exponential, decaying faster immediately after the conditioning train. This faster decay led to a 20% decrease with successive trials in estimates of the time constant obtained from the first 10 or 20 sec of the decay of augmentation. The deviation of the decay of augmentation from a simple exponential could be accounted for if augmentation is related to the 4th power of some substance which decays with a simple exponential time course. Some alternative explantations for the non-exponential decay of augmentation are also discussed. 5. The magnitude of potentiation increased or decreased about 25% with successive trials. 6. The time constant characterizing the decay of potentiation inceased an average of 1-5 times (range 0-8-5 times) with successive trials. 7. The increase in the magnitude of augmentation with successive trials was accompanied by a similar increase in the magnitude of the e.p.p. amplitudes during the conditioning trains, suggesting that augmentation develops during the conditioning train. In some preparatons augmentation appeared to be the major factor acting to increase e.p.p. amplitudes during the conditioning train, having a greater effect than facilitation or potentiation. 8. If a sufficiently large number of successive trials were applied, a depression of e.p.p. amplitudes developed during the conditioning trains and estimates of the magnitude of potentiation following the depressed conditioning trains were reduced... PMID- 820856 TI - Proceedings: Natural afferent input to movement-related neurones in monkey pre central cortex. PMID- 820854 TI - Augmentation: A process that acts to increase transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. End-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) were recorded from frog neuromuscular junctions bathed in Ringer solution containing increased Mg and decreased Ca to reduce transmitter release. Conditioning and testing stimulation was applied to the nerve to study a previously uncharacterized process which acts to increase e.p.p. amplitudes. We will refer to this process as augmentation. 2. Following repetitive stimulation augmentation decayed approximately exponentially over most of its time course with a mean time constant of about 7 sec (range 4-10 sec) which is intermediate in duration between the time constants for the decay of facilitation and potentiation. 3 . The magnitude of agumentation increased with the duration of the conditioning stimulation. Assuming a multiplicative relationship between augmentation and potentiation, values of the magnitude of augmentation ranged from 0-3 to 0-6 following 50 impulses at 20/sec to 0-5-7-8 following 600 impulses at 20/sec. (An augmentation of 0-3 and 7-8 would increase e.p.p. amplitudes 1-3 and 8-8 times, respectively.) 4. The time constant characterizing the decay of augmentation remained relatively constant as the duration of the conditioning stimulation was increased. 5. Augmentation as well as facilitation and potentiation resulted from an increase in the number of quanta of transmitter released from the nerve terminal. 6. Augmentation decayed faster at higher temperatures with a mean temperature coefficient, Q10, of about 3-8. The corresponding Q10 for the decay of potentiation was found to be about 2 4. 7. It is concluded that augmentation can be a significant factor in increasing transmitter release and will therefore have to be accounted for when studying the effects of repetitive stimulation on the function of the nerve terminal or when formulating models of transmitter release. PMID- 820857 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of fluoridation in Houston, Texas. AB - Most previous cost-benefit analyses of fluoridation programs have been retrospective in approach and have biased their results in favor of fluoridation. This study performed a prospective cost-benefit analysis of fluoridating a segment of the water supply for Houston, Texas, and explicitly introduced and evaluated the time pattern of the costs and benefits. It was shown that neglect of the time structure of the costs and benefits would significantly bias the results. A benefit-cost ratio of 1.51 and a net present value (or "social profit") of $1,102,970 were found. The results are biased downwards and should be considered a lower bound. Thus the results indicate an investment in a fluoridation program by Houston would be a socially profitable one. PMID- 820858 TI - Folate analogues altered in the C9-N10 bridge region. 10-Oxafolic acid and 10 oxaaminopterin. AB - The unambiguous synthesis of two folate analogues, in which the 10-amino group of folic acid was replaced with oxygen, is described. The synthetic sequence employed commercially available methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and n-(2,3 epoxypropyl)phthalimide as starting materials. The use of cesium bicarbonate as a coreactant in the nucleophilic displacement reaction between bromo ketone 3 and the nucleophile 4 was found to be unique in character. The aminoacetonyl oxime 7 obtained by the hydrazinolysis of 6 was used as a common intermediate for the synthesis of both compounds. The generality of the use of the TFA-HCL mixture to deprotect the carbonyl group of both 10 and 12 reductions involving sodium hydrosulfite in aqueous dmf were further substantiated by conversions of 11 and 13 to 14 and 15 quickly and efficiently without employing catalytic hydrogenations. Subsequent cyclizations, oxidations, and hydrolysis of these reduction products to the pteroate analogues 17 and 19 were carried out efficiently as described for the synthesis of the sulfur analogues. Activation of the carboxyl group of 19 by way of the mixed anhydride 22 and subsequent coupling to glutamic acid was carried out using the solid-phase coupling procedure. However, compound 17 required trifluoroacetylation to 20 prior to the coupling reaction due to solubility problems. Both 10-oxafolic acid (1) and 10 oxaaminopterin (2) showed potent antifolate activity when tested against two folate-requiring organisms. Compound 2 was a very powerful inhibitor of DCM resistant lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. The activity was comparable to that of methotrexate while the 4-hydroxy analogue did not show inhibition. 7,8-Dihydro-10-oxafolic acid failed to show any substrate activity to this enzyme and did not inhibit the enzymatic reaction when used with an equimolar concentration of the natural substrate. PMID- 820860 TI - Proceedings: Acute microwave irradiation and cataract formation in rabbits and monkeys. PMID- 820859 TI - Irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase of toad erythrocyte plasma membrane by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate. AB - The irreversible activation of adenylate-cyclase by 5'guanylylimidodiphosphate, a phosphoramidate analog of 5'GTP, has been examined in toad (Bufus marinus) plasma membranes using the technique of preincubating the membranes with the nucleotide under various controlled conditions followed by washing and subsequent assay of enzyme activity. Activation of adenylate cyclase by Gpp(NH)p, but not GTP, is essentially permanent and persists following extensive washing, prolonged incubation at 30 degrees C in the absence of the nucleotide, and after dissolution of the membranes with Lubrol PX. (-)-Isoproterenol increases the activation observed with maximal concentrations of Gpp(NH)p from eight- to 10 fold (in the absence of hormone) to 50- to 100-fold; final activities as high as 10-15 nmoles of cyclic AMP per min per mg protein are achieved. The activated state obtained with isoproterenol and Gpp(NH)p is also permanent and is not inhibited by propranolol. The synergism between Gpp(NH)p and hormone requires the simultaneous presence of these compounds, and the time-dependent enhancement of activation with (-)-isoproterenol may be interrupted by addition of propranolol. The stimulation is slow, and may proceed for as long as 45 min at 30 degrees C in the presence of maximal concentrations of Gpp(NH)p and (-)-isoproterenol. Very little activation occurs at 0 degrees C. The time course of activation at 30 degrees C exhibits an accelerating phase lasting from 5 to 30 min when Gpp(NH)p is added directly during assay of cyclase activity or when the membranes are preincubated for various times and washed prior to assay for a fixed time. The lag period occurs in the presence and absence of (-)-isoproterenol, although the rate of increase in velocity is greater with hormone. The length of the accelerating phase decreases with increasing concentrations of Gpp(NH)p, although it is still evident with maximal levels of Gpp(NH)p and hormone. However, prewarming the membranes at 30 degrees C for 10 min in the absence of Gpp(NH)p or (-)-isoproterenol results in an immediate onset of linear activation at a rate which is achieved in untreated membranes only after about 10 min. The events occurring during prewarming at 30 degrees C are readily reversible since chilling the warmed membranes to 0 degrees C results in a time course of activation identical to that of membranes maintained at 0 degrees C until addition of Gpp(NH)p. Activation is proportional to the concentration of Gpp(NH)p within the range of 10(-8) to 10(-4) mM. The apparent affinity for Gpp(NH)p increases with increasing time of incubation. The primary effect of increasing the concentration of Gpp(NH)p is to decrease the time required to obtain a maximal rate of activation. The possible relevance of these findings to the mechanism of action of Gpp(NH)p, adenylate cyclase and hormones is discussed within the context of current views of biological membranes which recognize the lateral mobility of membrane molecules. PMID- 820861 TI - Internal structural organization of chloroplast DNA from Euglena gracilis Z. PMID- 820862 TI - Cytoplasmic distribution of pulse-labelled poly(A)-containing RNA, particularly 26 S RNA, during myoblast growth and differentiation. PMID- 820863 TI - The macronuclear ribosomal DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis is a palindrome. PMID- 820864 TI - Free ribosomal DNA molecules from Tetrahymena pyriformis GL are giant palindromes. PMID- 820865 TI - Selective experimental chelation of calcium in the AV node and His bundle. PMID- 820867 TI - Brachium conjunctivum-red nucleus synaptic system in the baboon. AB - Electrophysiological properties of the brachium conjunctivum-red nucleus (BC-RN) synaptic system were studied in barbiturate-anesthetized baboon (Papio). Topographic recordings from the mesencephalon demonstrated that most of the BC evoked activity was restricted to an area histologically identified as red nucleus; however, some brachium-evoked activity was recorded from the surrounding mesencephalic reticular formation. Short latency BC-evoked activity was also recorded from the pons in the region of nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. The majority of the BC fibers were found to conduct at a rate of 44 m/sec; a second group of BC fibers with a slower conduction velocity of 23 m/sec was also observed. Brachium-evoked responses recorded from magnocellular and pravicellular RN neurons were short latency responses consistent with monosynaptic activation of these RN neurons by the BC fibers. The BC-RN synaptic system was found to be a very secure synaptic system and could transmit activity at high rates of stimulation with little or no failure. The responsiveness of the BC fibers was found to be similar to that of optic nerve fibers and pyramidal tract fibers, both of which have been characterized as being similar to peripheral A fibers. The responsiveness of the BC-RN synaptic system began to decrease 5 msec after a single or repetitive transmission and was reduced to about 50% of normal responsiveness at 34 msec. This period of reduced postsynaptic responsiveness was associated with a reduction in presynaptic input to RN and suggest that a disfacilitation at the level of the deep cerebellar nuclei may be in part responsible for the subnormal responsiveness of the BC-RN synaptic system. PMID- 820869 TI - Electron microscopic study of postcytokinetic cell fusion in an autosomal male sterile mutant (ms(2)3R) of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 820868 TI - Polymorphism of the mesosome in Bacillus licheniformis (749/C and 749). Influence of chemical fixation monitored by freeze-etching. PMID- 820866 TI - Basic chromosomal proteins in lower eukaryotes: relevance to the evolution and function of histones. AB - The occurence of the basic chromosomal proteins in lower eukaryotes provides a useful approach to the study of histone evolution and function in higher eukaryotes. The histones of higher plants and animals are very similar and some are nearly identical, suggesting a high degree of evolutionary conservation within this group of proteins. However, a literature survey reveals that in the lower eukaryotes the histone situation is quite variable. The ciliates, and the true and cellular slime molds possess basic chromosomal proteins that are very similar to the histones of higher plants and animals. Various other lower eukaryotes possess basic chromosomal proteins that resemble at least some of the major histone fractions, and some microorganisms possess basic chromosomal proteins that bear little or no relationship to higher plant and animal histones. Since histones play a major role in the control of gene expression and the maintenance of chromosome structure in higher organisms, the evolution of these proteins represents a major change in the packaging of DNA and the mode of regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. PMID- 820870 TI - [Effects of tubulin polymerisation inhibitors on the secretion of parathyroid hormone in the rat]. PMID- 820871 TI - Characterization and genetic mapping of nontoxinogenic (tox) mutants of corynebacteriophage beta. AB - Seven new nontoxinogenic (tox) mutants of corynebacteriophage beta were isolated. Strains of Cornyebacterium diphtheriae C 7 lysogenic for these tox mutants of beta were tested for their ability to produce extracellular diphtherial toxin or proteins (CRMs) that cross-react immunologically with toxin. By using a sensitive reversed passive hemagglutination assay for toxin antigen, three of the tox mutants were phenotypically CRM+ and four were CRM-. The molecular weights of the CRMs produced by mutants beta tox-1, beta tox-2, and beta tox-3 were determined to be approximately 20,000, 26,000, and 34,000, respectively, by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The 26,000 and 34,000 dalton CRMs had nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: elongation factor 2 adenosine diphosphate ribose transferase activity, but the 20,000-dalton CRM did not. These three CRMs correspond to amino-terminal fragments of diphtherial toxin and appear to be formed by chain termination during protein synthesis directed by phages with nonsense mutations in the structural gene for diphtherial toxin. No complementation was observed between independently isolated tox mutants of phage beta. The positions of four tox markers on the vegetative genetic map of phage beta were determined, and the orientation of transcription of the structural gene for diphtherial toxin with respect to other markers on the genetic map of phage beta was established. PMID- 820872 TI - Prophage map of converting corynebacteriophage beta. AB - A prophage map for corynebacteriophage beta consisting of seven markers has been constructed and compared with the vegetative map. The mapping system utilizes heteroimmune double lysogens and capitalizes on the fact that these double lysogens are very unstable and throw off monolysogenic segregants. The prophage map, produced by characterizing the recombinant phage in these monolysogenic segregants, appears to be a cyclic permutation of the vegetative map with the gene for toxin at one end of the prophage map and the gene for phage immunity at the other. This permutation is in accord with the Campbell model for insertion of lambda phage if a site between the toxin and immunity genes in the vegetative map is designated as the phage attachment site. The position of the gene for toxin in the prophage map suggests that converting phages may have originated as specialized transducing phages for this gene. PMID- 820873 TI - Isolation and characterization of tox mutants of corynebacteriophage beta. AB - Seventeen nontoxinogenic (tox) mutants of corynebacteriophage beta have been isolated by using a tissue culture screening technique. The mutants fall into four major classes. Two of the classes, I and II, appear to contain missense and nonsense mutants, respectively. However, classes III and IV have not been previously described. Class III mutants produce two proteins (CRMs) seriologically related to diphtheria toxin, but efforts to demonstrate the presence of more than one tox gene have been successful. Class IV mutants are phenotypically CRM-, failing to produce any detectable protein serologically related to diphtheria toxin. Genetic studies indicate that the mutations in class IV strains are not in a gene distinct form the structural gene for toxin, and that the CRM- strains retain at least a portion of that gene. A natural phage isolate, gamma, behaves in a completely parallel fashion to the class IV mutants. The production of tox+ recombinants through recombination of various pairs of tox phage mutants has been demonstrated. The implications of these findings for the natural history of diphtheria are discussed. PMID- 820874 TI - Orientation of the tox gene in the prophage of corynebacteriophage beta. AB - The orientation of the gene for diphtheria toxin, tox, in the prophage of converting corynebacteriophage beta has been determined. The orientation of tox in prophage and that reported simultaneously by Holmes (1976) for vegetative phage are compatible with the hypothesis that beta phage is inserted into the chromosome of its bacterial host by means of a mechanism similar to that described for lambda phage, and that the phage attachment site lies between the tox and imm genes. The position of three tox mutations that are phenotypically CRM- has also been determined. Relative to the tox-45 mutation, they are located more proximally to the end of the tox structural gene that corresponds to the amino terminal of diphtheria toxin. PMID- 820875 TI - Behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - During the first 6 hr of sporulation, infection of Bacillus subtilis by by phi105 wild type or the clear-plaque mutant phi105 c30 was nonproductive, but phage DNA was trapped inside developing spores. After infection with either wild-type or mutant phage at early times of sporulation (T1-T3), phage DNA entered the developing spores in a heat-stable form, which may represent integration of the phage DNA into the host chromosome. Phage DNA in carrier spores produced by infection at later times (T4-T6) was much more heat sensitive. Spore preparations containing either phi105 wild type or phi105 c30 carrier spores gave rise to a spontaneous burst of phage during outgrowth, although the fraction of carried wild-type phage that chose lysis over lysogeny at germination has not been determined. Heat induction of the thermoinducible lysogen 3610 (phi105 cts23) was also abortive during sporulation. Furthermore, induction neither prevented eventual spore formation nor resulted in the conversion of prophage DNA to the carrier state; during outgrowth, the previously induced lysogenic spores remained stable lysogens. However, if the sporulating lysogenic cells were plated immediately after induction, they did not form colonies at high efficiency, as though transfer to fresh medium allowed sufficient phage expression to kill the host. PMID- 820877 TI - Intracavitary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. AB - Patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors have been treated by vesical and intradermal administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The pattern of recurrence in 9 patients has been altered favorably. Although the findings are still preliminary they appear to hold promise of a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of a group of neoplasms for which effective therapy is still lacking. PMID- 820876 TI - Characteristics of the genome of human infantile enteritis virus (Rotavirus). AB - Thermal denaturation studies and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis have shown that the genome of human infantile enteritis virus (human rotavirus) consists of approximately 11 double-stranded segments. Differences in the molecular weights of some of the corresponding genome segments are apparent between different isolates of the virus. PMID- 820878 TI - Observations on vesical diverticulum in childhood. AB - An operation was required in 78 children with vesical diverticula in the absence of bladder outlet obstruction. Virtually all diverticula were located in juxtaposition to the ureteral orifice and were associated with vesicoureteral reflux in all but 6 of 89 diverticulum-ureteral units. Upper tract changes were seen on excretory urography in 78 per cent of the refluxing units. The surgical procedure of choice was diverticulectomy and ureteroneocystostomy, which yielded a high degree of success. Diverticulectomy alone and vesical neck revision were rarely indicated. PMID- 820879 TI - An unusual complication from a functioning indwelling urethral catheter: case report of an abdominal mass. AB - A heretofore unreported complication from an indwelling catheter is presented. A catheter bulb became incarcerated in a bladder diverticulum and was misdiagnosed subsequently as an incarcerated umbilical hernia. The probable pathophysiological mechanism by which this event occurred is discussed. PMID- 820880 TI - Microbiology--detection of bacterial pathogens and their occurrence. PMID- 820881 TI - Letter: Rocky Mountain spotted fever: diagnosis. PMID- 820883 TI - Editorial: Giardiasis. PMID- 820882 TI - Cromolyn therapy in patients with bronchial asthma. Effect on inhalation challenge with allergen, histamine, and methacholine. AB - The action mechanism of cromolyn sodium and its effect on bronchial sensitivity to allergen, methacholine chloride, and histamine inhalations were studied in 17 asthmatic subjects. Cromolyn capsules or placebo was administered by an inhaler (Spinhaler) randomly on alternate days 30 minutes before aerosol challenge. Cromolyn and placebo did not differ in their effect on bronchial response to histamine or methacholine. However, the degree of decrease in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second after allergen challenge was significantly reduced by cromolyn in 15 of 17 subjects. Immediate and delayed reactions of itching, tightness, or wheezing developed in 14 subjects after allergen challenges following placebo intake and were prevented or substantially inhibited by cromolyn. PMID- 820884 TI - Comparative study of mineral oil and talcum powder as lubricants for cutting of skin grafts in burns. AB - Although the series is a very small one, the results of this study would seem to indicate that mineral oil is a better vehicle compared with talcum powder for use as lubricant for the donor site of skingrafts. Better results may be expected by deferred grafting after preparation of the recipient site by scraping of granulation. PMID- 820886 TI - Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. PMID- 820885 TI - Liver disease in hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) positive blood donors. AB - Clinical examination and liver function tests of 14 HBAg positive and 8 HBAg negative blood donors were done. A history of Jaundice, contact with hepatitis and hepatosplenomegaly were more frequently observed in the antigen positive donors. PMID- 820887 TI - Serum cholesterol: effect of fatty acids and stress responses. PMID- 820889 TI - [Clinical presentation of duodenal diverticulosis 3. Clinical observation duodenal diverticulosis and case studies]. PMID- 820888 TI - Proceedings: Study on the effect of long-term administration (one year) of trichlormethiazide upon glucose metabolism of SHR. PMID- 820890 TI - [Studies on immunochemical determination of the precipitate solution after heparin-Ca precipitation of serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 820891 TI - [Studies on immunochemical determination of the precipitate solution after COC12 fractionation of serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 820893 TI - [Properties of biomaterials. 4. Mechanical properties]. PMID- 820892 TI - [A study on quantitative determination of serum IgA by single radial immunodiffusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 820894 TI - R factor-mediated resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Conjugal transferability of drug resistance was examined, in eleven Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which were isolated in Frankfurt. Four R factors were demonstrated from three strains using P. aeruginosa as recipients but they were nontransferable to Escherichia coli K12. Two R factors, i.e., Rms146 and Rms147, mediated resistances to tetracycline (TC), streptomycin (SM), sulfanilamide (SA), kanamycin (KM), lividomycin (LV), gentamicin C complex (GM) and 3', 4' dideoxykanamycin B (DKB). They mediated the formation of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes, i.e., SM phosphotransferase, SM adenylyltransferase, KM and LV phosphotransferase l, and GM and DKB 6'-N-acetyltransferase. TC resistance conferred by these R factors was due to impermeability of the drug. P. aeruginosa Ps 142 carried two kinds of R factor in one cell, Rms148 (SM) and Rms149 (SM-SA GM-CPC) (CPC, carbenicillin). Rms148 (SM) was transferable at a high frequency of 10-1 and mediated the formation of SM phosphotransferase. Rms149 mediated the formation of drug-inactivating enzymes, ie., GM 3-N-acetyltransferase and beta lactamase, but did not inactivate SM. SM resistance was probably due to impermeability of the drug. PMID- 820895 TI - In vitro studies on the mechanism of acquired resistance to tuberculous infection. I. The relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages in cellular immunity to tuberculous infection. AB - The relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages in cellular immunity against tuberculous infection was studied by means of an in vitro cell culture system without addition of streptomycin. The peritoneal macrophages were obtained from normal mice or mice immunized with heat-killed tubercle bacilli in paraffin oil, boosted with live BCG and infected with H37Rv cells in vitro. The infected monolayers of macrophages were cultivated for 48 hr with immune lymphoid cells obtained from immunized mice. The intracellular growth of H37Rv cells 3,5 and 7 days after infection was examined by counting tubercle bacilli within infected macrophages under a microscope. 1) The increase of bacilli within macrophages derived from immunized mice was slightly smaller than that in normal macrophages. 2) The addition of immune lymph node cells to the macrophage monolayers resulted in a marked decrease in the number of bacilli within both normal and "immune" macrophages. Conversely, normal lymph node cells exhibited an enhancing effect on the intracellular bacillary growth. 3) Immune lymph node cells showed a higher capacity to cause macrophages to suppress intracellular growth of bacilli than that of splenic lymphoid cells or thyrmocytes after addition to macrophage monolayers. 4) The treatment of lymphoid cells with inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide or streptovitacin A, resulted in a remarkable reduction of the ability of sensitized lymphocytes to cause macrophages to suppress multiplication of intracellular bacilli. PMID- 820896 TI - Effect of plant lectins on gamma phage receptor sites of Bacillus anthracis. PMID- 820898 TI - [On understanding of the patient: through self-evaluation by the nurse]. PMID- 820897 TI - Type and strain variation in induction of L forms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were inoculated onto brain heart infusion (Difco) agar supplemented with penicillin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer and cultivated in a candle extinction jar. L-form colonies became visible after a few days. They continued to grow and were viable for up to 38 days. The extent of inducibility of L forms of N. gonorrhoeae was examined semiquantitatively. It was found to be constant for each type and strain and to depend only slightly on the amount of penicillin added to the medium. None of the types of one strain produced L-form colonies. In another strain, avirulent types (T3, T4) showed more ability to produce L forms than virulent types (T1, T2) and no L forms were produced by the subtypes of T1 and T2-T1a and T2a. In a third strain, only T4 produced L forms. Electron microscopic studies showed that the L forms consisted of a number of membranous vesicles and a variety of cell types such as those completely lacking cell walls and those with only remnants of cell walls. The results indicate the existence of subtypes of T1 and T2 of gonococci and the intrinsic inducibility of gonococcal types and strains to produce L forms. PMID- 820899 TI - [Understanding of hesitation on the part of the patient]. PMID- 820901 TI - [Understanding of the patient as a total person]. PMID- 820900 TI - [A nurse's personal experience in interaction with patients: importance of communication]. PMID- 820902 TI - [Bedside nursing. Clothing for young children during drip infusions]. PMID- 820903 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of an aged cerebral apoplexy patient without active desire for recovery]. PMID- 820904 TI - [Bedside nursing. Rehabilitation nursing of a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (with contractures of arms and legs)]. PMID- 820905 TI - [Bedside nursing. A study on acceptance of death by a patient with a poor prognosis]. PMID- 820906 TI - [Nursing conference. 6. Refusal of posture changes by a 17-year-old youth with malignant tumor]. PMID- 820907 TI - [Human relationships. 4. Therapeutic effect of human relationship. 2. The second proposition of human relationship]. PMID- 820908 TI - [Apprehension of hospitalized children. 1. Understanding of expression of their anxiety]. PMID- 820909 TI - [Drug toxicity. 6. Sulfonamides. Drug interactions]. PMID- 820910 TI - [Home nursing of aged bedridden patients. Decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 820911 TI - [Refractory diseases--practice of home nursing. 5. Death of an aged patient: a lesson from peaceful death of a patient nursed by family members]. PMID- 820912 TI - [Nursing communication. 3. A subtle difference in performance of nursing duties with or without sympathy toward the patient]. PMID- 820913 TI - [Transfer technics. 4. Aged patients. 4. Assistance of the patient in standing upright]. PMID- 820914 TI - [Antiquated attitudes of the medical profession reflected in the records of psychiatric hospitals]. PMID- 820915 TI - [Patients of the 5th ward. 5. Antics concerning the television set]. PMID- 820916 TI - Obesity and cerebral lesions in mice induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. PMID- 820917 TI - The clinical significance and management of fever in acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - In order to optimize the clinical management of fever in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), our experience with febrile patients during two therapy periods was reviewed. A structured approach to the management of fever was then devised and evaluated during a third period. Among a total of 104 patients with AML, 77 were febrile at presentation. Only agranulocytic patients (15%) had severe infection, while 43% had localized sites which responded to specific antibiotic therapy. The remainder (42%) had fever functionally attributed to leukemia. In contrast, life-threatening infection occurred in most patients (90%) after antileukemic treatment was begun. During the trial therapy period, the empiric use of carbenicillin-gentamicin for fever greater than or equal to 101 degree F during aplasia reduced the incidence of sepsis from 90 to 30% and of bacteremia from 50 to 23%. The fall in the incidence of blood and localized site cultures positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 65 to 15% corresponded to a reduction in the number of distinct organisms per site from 1.6 to 1.0. These data suggest that hematogenously born invasion of infected sites by endogenous organisms has been prevented. Aplastic patients with fever responded to therapy by defervescing (54%) or improving clinically (34%). Stopping antibiotics once started while evaluating persistent fever was detrimental. Although the early empiric use of amphotericin B reduced the incidence of fungemia, its proper use in fever management is yet to be determined. PMID- 820918 TI - Peritoneal dialysis utilizing a Millipore filter. PMID- 820920 TI - Sex determination of the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). AB - The gross anatomy of the external genitalia of newborn to adult lesser Galago was described. The penis is perpendicular to the body wall at birth and by about 8 wk of age the testes have descended into the scrotum. In the adult male the testes are permanently descended, the scrotum sessile, the penis is oriented obliquely rostral, and the genitalia are covered by luxuriant pelage. In the young female, the clitoris is also perpendicular to the body wall and the labia and vaginal orifice, although not obvious, are located at its caudal base. In the adult female, the clitoris remains perpendicular, is slender, essentially devoid of fur, and has the urethral opening in its tip. The labia and vaginal orifice are at its caudal base, obscured by fur. Effective and reliable methods for differentiating males from females were outlined. PMID- 820919 TI - Alteration of serum lipid values and lipoproteins by bacteria as a possible cause of artifacts in the screening of dyslipoproteinemias. AB - The intriguing observation of phospholipid deficiency in serum is described. The most prominent feature of sera was the completely abnormal lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern. The predominant occurrance of the phenomenon in the warm season suggested bacterial growth producing phospholipase C. B. cereus could be isolated from sera. In order to prevent these artifacts it is suggested to add 1 mg of Na2-EDTA to each ml of sample before dispatch. PMID- 820921 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase of normal, stressed, and yellow fever virus-infected rhesus monkeys. AB - Serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (sLDH) was studied in both healthy and yellow fever virus (YFV)-infected young adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In healthy monkeys, significant variation (p less than 0.001) was observed for both total activity and isoenzyme distribution among the following comparisons: individual monkeys, different days, different times of day, and caged versus chair-restrained monkeys (until 7 da after chair restraint). However, variability of baseline values was reduced by the use of samples obtained from resting subjects at 9:00 am on at least 3 consecutive days. Normal total activity and isoenzyme distribution values were based on 148 determinations obtained from 73 healthy, caged monkeys. Both total activity and the proportion of the 5th isoenzyme fraction increased significantly (p less than 0.001) in the YFV infected monkeys, beginning 90 hr postinfection, consistent with hepatocellular necrosis and release of isoenzymes into the serum. The assay for sLDH appears to be of value as a diagnostic indicator during the course of YFV infection in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 820922 TI - Myeloliposarcoma in a potto (Perodicticus potto): a case report. AB - A female Perodicticus potto developed a subcutaneous spherical mass on the medial aspect of the inguinal area. The anesthesia, surgical removal, and aftercare were described. The tumor was described grossly and histologically. It was determined to be a myeloliposarcoma. The tumor has not recurred after 14 mo. PMID- 820923 TI - Mast cell neoplasia in mice. AB - Gross and histopathologic findings were reported for mast cell neoplasia in 2 female BALB/cStCrIBR mice. Microscopic findings included neoplastic mast cells in the liver, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes. Neoplastic mast cells were present in the blood smear of one of the animals. PMID- 820924 TI - Studies of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone. I. CNDO/2 studies of the conformations of the residues. PMID- 820925 TI - Specific resistance of blood at body temperature II. PMID- 820926 TI - Estimating patient discharge from hospitals using both historical and physician supplied estimates combined in a cost/accuracy analysis. AB - The effectiveness of admissions scheduling systems for optimal resource allocation in hospitals is directly dependent on the ability to estimate patient discharges accurately. Efforts to estimate discharges to date include two general methods: estimating from historical data, and physician-supplied estimates. This paper takes the position that there are essentially two criteria in evaluating methods of discharge estimation: accuracy of information and cost of information. A cost/benefit concept is used to argue that an optimal mixture exists between historical-based estimates and physician-supplied estimates, and a model is developed which combines the best aspects of each method. Data from a 300-bed hospital in Michigan are analyzed to provide the parameters for the model. The discharge estimating model was designed to be an integral part of an admission scheduling system recently implemented in the study hospital. Results of the discharge estimating model and its participation in admissions scheduling are discussed. PMID- 820927 TI - [Toxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 820929 TI - Investigation of acoustic trauma from the airbag. AB - Since the automobile-airbag passive restraint system may be in general use in early 1976, and, the fact, is now an opinion on some automobiles, its potential biomedical hazards need to be examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of local slap pressure of airbag deployment against the external ear and tympanic membrane and to measure its effects on subsequential hearing acuity. Adult and infant squirrel monkeys were used as experimental subjects. To create an adequate simulation of the airbag trauma, a small airbag was fabricated and mounted on a pneumatic impact facility. This device was designed to produce a specific velocity to determine the behavior of objects under impact conditions simulating accident kinematics. Cochlear nerve action potentials were measured in both ears of 10 subjects prior to blast, immediately post-blast and several weeks post-blast. High-speed photography recorded events of the blast as well as the technique of recording the electrical potential from the cochlea. No permanent hearing damage, eardrum perforation, disruption of ossicles, or loss of hair cells occurred at airbag velocities up to 100 mph and a sound intensity level of 150 db. PMID- 820928 TI - [Cholelithiasis and experimental lithiatic cholecystitis]. PMID- 820930 TI - [Cyclopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 820931 TI - [Prevention of RH immunization in therapeutic abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 820932 TI - [Cutaneous fibroblasts in culture: pediatric applications. II. Autoradiographic and enzymatic study]. PMID- 820933 TI - [Paroxysmal rolandic epilepsy pre-study of 293 cases]. PMID- 820934 TI - [In-vitro study of factors modifying the activity of urate oxidase]. PMID- 820936 TI - Utilization of red-cell blood groups in gene mapping: a review. PMID- 820935 TI - Isoniazid: behavioral and biochemical effects in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 820937 TI - [Nursing care of patients with typhoid fever and paratyphoid A and B]. PMID- 820938 TI - [Significance of electroencephalography for the diagnosis and therapy of childhood epilepsy]. PMID- 820939 TI - Thyroid function in changing weather in a subtropical region. AB - Serum and 24-hr urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days during the first week of each month for 1 yr from eight healthy euthyroid men aged 25-37 yr. The means of minimum and maximum environmental temperature for the 30 days period preceding the sample collection represented the temperature for that month. Total serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), and urinary T3 and T4 were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) by the radioligand binding assay. The serum TSH and urinary T3 and T4 responses to 100 mug intravenous TRH were studied in five subjects during summer and again during winter. The serum concentration of these hormones and TBG did not reveal significant variations throughout the year. However, the mean urinary excretion of both T3 and T4 during coldest months (January and February), at 0.97 and 1.95 mug/24 hr, respectively were significantly higher than the corresponding values (T3, 0.48; T4, 1.18 mug/24 hr) during the hottest months (May-July). The TSH, and urinary T3 and T4 responses to identical doses of TRH during summer and winter did not differ significantly. Since urinary T3 and T4 indirectly reflect the prevailing unbound serum levels of these hormones, it is likely that the greater availability of free and biologically active thyroid hormones could help the body to adapt to cold by increasing nonshivering thermogenesis. PMID- 820940 TI - [The effect of purine and pyrimidine bases on the growth of Streptococcus lactis and the biosynthesis of nisin]. AB - The method of mathematical modelling of the experiment was used to determine optimum concentrations of purine and pyrimidine bases for the growth of Streptococcus lactis and the biosynthesis of nisin. These bases were introduced into the medium at different concnetrations. Thymine at a concentration of 4 mcg/ml stimulated the biosynthesis of nisin, and adenine and hypoxanthine at a concentration of 15 mcg/ml produced a favourable effect on the growth of the culture. PMID- 820941 TI - [Structural and biochemical changes in the spores of Bacillus cereus exposed to caustic soda and hypochlorite]. AB - The spores of Bacillus cereus were treated with 5% NaOH at 50 degrees C and 0.25% NaOCl. As a result, 99% of the spores had lost their viability by the 11th and 19.5th minutes, respectively. Kinetics of the process has shown that the rates of elimination of calcium and dipicolinic acid from the spores are different, and intensive loss of RNA and DNA was registered. Progressive degradation of spore envelopes and inner structures has been revealed by electron microscopy. Lethal effect of the studied chemical substances is presumed to be related to changes in the spore envelopes, thus interfering with normal barriers of permeability. PMID- 820942 TI - [ATP concentration in the cells of the hydrogen bacterium Hydrogenomonas eutropha]. AB - The maximum content of ATP in the cells of the hydrogen bacterium Hydrogenomonas eutrophia Z-1 was found, with the aid of luciferase technique, during the exponential phase of growth. The content of ATP decreases from the middle of the proportional phase. Inhibition of the enzymes of the first stages of anabolism by high concentrations of ATP was found in vitro but not in vivo. Compartmentalization of the ATP pool is presumed to take place in the cells of Hydrogenomonas eutropha. PMID- 820943 TI - [Hydrogen and carboxide bacteria belonging to the microflora of degradation]. AB - The following bacteria oxidizing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide were shown by cultivating in the concentration gradient of acetate, lactate, and glucose, to belong to the microflora of dispersal: Hydrogenomonas eutropha Z-1, H. pantotropha Z-11, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava Z-1107, Achromobacter carboxydus Z 1171, Paracoccus denitrificans, and Alcaligenes paradoxus. PMID- 820944 TI - [Differential sensitivity of bacteria to histones]. AB - The antimicrobial action of polycation proteins from the nuclei--histons with a high content of lysine (f1) and arginine (f3)--on Pseudomonas bacteria was studied. The sensitivity of various species of the same genus, and various strains of the same species, to histons was differential. The differences do not depend on the ability of the cells to liberate into a surrounding medium substances inactivating histons, and on the rate of histon sorption on the cells. Interaction between the bacteria and histons interferes with the permeability of the membranes, so that components of a low molecular weight, including those with the maximum of absorption in UV at 260 nm, are liberated into the surrounding medium. The total RNA of the cells is depolymerized and the activity of RNase increases. No correlation was established between these phenomena and the sensitivity of the bacteria to histons. The duration of the lag period was also studied, as well as the growth rate in the exponential phase and the total yield of the cells; a positive correlation was detected between the duration of the lag period and the sensitivity of the bacteria to histons. PMID- 820945 TI - [Formation of free ketoacids by barotolerant bacteria under conditions of increased pressure]. AB - The effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure on biosynthesis of keto acids by barotolerant bacteria growing on glucose-mineral media is discussed in this paper. Strains which are more tolerant to the action of pressure can liberate exocellular keto acids. Keto acids are synthesized at a low content of glucose and a relatively high concentration of nitrogen in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Pressure may either induce or inhibit the synthesis. A shift towards oxalacetate in the composition of keto acids caused by the action of pressure shows that anabolism and catabolism are decoupled. Free exocellular keto acids are not found in bacteria, which do not grow at 500 atm. either at atmospheric or elevated pressures; therefore, their metabolism is more balanced. Differences in the growth of barotolerant bacteria, and in biosynthesis of keto acids at elevated pressure, may be caused by different response of various strains and species of barotolerant bacteria to the action of this factor. PMID- 820946 TI - [A microbiological survey of stool samples from normal and diarrheic persons in 2 districts of Ankara]. PMID- 820947 TI - [Study of the hydrolysis process in blue-green algae using a mathematical experimental design method]. PMID- 820948 TI - [Immunological properties of attenuated tuberculosis strain "BK-Kharkov". I. The comparative characteristics of the structural lipids and their relationship to the immunogenic properties of the "BK-Kharkov" and BCG strains]. PMID- 820949 TI - [Action of washing agents of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and on bacilli]. PMID- 820950 TI - [Properties of a chymotrypsin-type proteinase from Streptomyces griseus 32-13]. PMID- 820951 TI - [Study of the antigenic affinity between bacillus megaterium H. and ehrlich cancer cells in an anaphylaxis reaction with desensitization]. PMID- 820953 TI - Bacloffen (Lioresal) in the long-term management of spasticity. AB - This report summarizes experience with baclofen (Lioresal) in the management of spasticity and muscle spasms in 113 patients treated for up to six years. Baclofen was found to be of little help in nine patients with spasticity of cerebral origin, but was effective in reducing spasticity of spinal origin in 72 out of 90 patients (80%). It also reduced the number and severity of spasms in 76 out of 87 patients (87%). Side effects necessitating reduction of dosage were experienced by 20% of patients. Baclofen appears to be a safe and effective agent in the management of spasticity, with the advantage that adequate dosage can usually be achieved without sedation. Beneficial effects have persisted throughout the follow-up period. PMID- 820952 TI - [Comparative characteristics of methods for disintegrating bacillus mageterium H]. PMID- 820954 TI - Editorial: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. PMID- 820955 TI - An evaluation of multiphasic screening on admission to hospital. Precis of a report to the National Health and Medical Research Council. AB - A controlled study of admission multiphasic screening (AMS) at a large general hospital showed that AMS had no significant effect on a variety of indices of inpatient progress. Owing to a 64% increase in estimated cost of investigations with AMS, the total hospital admission cost was increased by approximately 5%. Under the conditions of this study, AMS added to the cost of hospitalization without associated evidence of benefit to the patient. PMID- 820956 TI - Dissolving urinary stones with a chelating agent. PMID- 820957 TI - Asymptomatic genital gonorrhoea of the male. PMID- 820958 TI - [Tromiculid mites of the southern Kurile Islands and their participation in the circulation of the causative agent of tsutsugamushi fever]. PMID- 820959 TI - [Plasmacytoma IgD]. PMID- 820960 TI - Increase of rDNA redundancy in bb females of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The purpose of this work was to analyze the difference between males and females with respect to rDNA magnification. To study eventual rDNA variations in females aYbb chromosome was chosen since it can magnify in males but not show phenomena of rDNA dosage compensation. The authors have observed an increase of rDNA pertaining to the Ybb chromosome in females of XXNO-/Ybb genotype with respect to the same Ybb chromosome studied in XXbb+/Ybb females. This non-inheritable rDNA increase cannot be explained in terms of compensatory increase reported in X/O males nor can it fit in the magnification scheme. The possibility might be entertained that some mechanism is missing in females which cannot complete a magnification cycle. The rDNA increase that we called rDNA magnification in males occurs in the germ line and in the soma, whereas the evidence, here reported, suggest that magnification in females occurs only in the soma. PMID- 820962 TI - Nitrogen fixation in bacteria and higher plants. PMID- 820961 TI - Macromolecular synthesis after a nutritional shift-up of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Effects of amino acids of macromolecular synthesis in Bacillus subtilis were studied. Two mutants, CRK4001 and NIG45, that were selected as slow growers in rich media were proved to be useful to analyse early events occurring after addition of amino acids to exponentially growing cells in a glucose-salts medium (nutritional shift-up). In a wild type strain, the rate of stable RNA (sRNA: essentially ribosomal RNA) synthesis increased 2.3 fold shortly after the shift up to the rate characteristic of the post-shift steady state growth. In contrast,sRNA synthesis in the mutant strains responded to the shift-up in two steps. Thus, shortly after the shift the rate of sRNA synthesis increased 2.2 fold as in the wild type but this increased level was maintained temporarily for 60 min and suddenly decreased to the post-shift steady state rate (1.4 fold increase). On the other hand, rates of DNA synthesis increased some 30 min after the shift directly to the post-shift steady state rates in all strains. Ratios of an origin to a terminus marker (purA/metB) began to increase exponentially to reach maximum values at 60 min after the shift, indicating that initiation of DNA replication occurred at frequencies characteristic of respective post-shift growth rates soon after the shift. These results revealed that the initial increase in the rate of sRNA synthesis and the frequency of initation of DNA replication after nutritional shift are not related to each other and are independently affected by amino acids. In concert with these findings, the increase in sRNA synthesis was not affected by inhibition of DNA synthesis for the first 60 min after the shift, while it was completely prevented by puromycin and choramphenicol. Protein synthesis for 10 min after the shift was sufficient to fully change the sRNA synthesis rate by amino acids. PMID- 820963 TI - [Nucleases. Their biological role]. PMID- 820964 TI - [Editorial: Posters or consulting hours in the fight against cancer]. PMID- 820965 TI - [Franz Koelsch--the founder of the modern industrial medicine]. PMID- 820966 TI - [The development of colposcopy (author's transl)]. AB - In 1925, in this Journal, Hans Hinselmannn gave the reslults of his experience with the method of colposcopy he devised for the early recognition of cancer of the uterine cervix. In 50 years it has proved to be an indispensable procedure in experienced hands, by which the prestages and early stages of the most frequent genital cancer in women, carcinoma of the cervix, can be detected while still of microscopic dimensions (microcarcinoma). Papanicolaou's vaginal cytology used in combination with colposcopy increases diagnostic accuracy to more than 95%. Cytology, as a preliminary orienting laboratory procedure, and colposcopy as a clinical investigation method togethe - if the two individual methods are used in their proper places - offer optimal diagnostic prospects. The opportunities of mastering colposcopy and its use in the cancer prophylaxis program are pointed out. PMID- 820967 TI - [Increased growth of chemotherapy-resistant hospital organisms through disinfection (author's transl)]. AB - In addition to determinants of resistance to chemtoherapy, a resistance plasmid of the hospital strain of Prtoeus rettgeri from the Munich Hospital area also carries information on resistance to mercury ions. At the same time strains with this R-factor are more insensitive to phenylmercuric borate, the active principle of the widely used disinfectant Merfer. This significance of the widely used disinfectant Merfer. This significance of this resistance to disinfectants for the appearance of the local hospital strain of Proteus rettgeri is discussed. Moreover, the far-reaching risks of the selection of chemotherapy-resistant bacterial strains by disinfectants with reduced activity against bacteria resistant to chemotherapy are pointed out. Therefore, it is recommended to abandon the use of mercury as an active principle of disinfectants. PMID- 820968 TI - [The treatment of ptyalism in children with cerebral lesions (author's transl)]. AB - The cytotoxic and alkylating substance, mustard gas, causes both acute poisoning and also damage to numerous organs following chronic exposure. Especially important is the carcinogenic effect, also confirmed in humans. 34 years after occupational exposure to mustard gas with many intoxication episodes, a former munition-worker died of a glioblastoma; two years before his death a neurofibroma was detected in the thorax and removed by operation. The causal connection between the mustard gas exposure and the development of two neurogenic tumors rests on the statistically significantly raised frequency of malignant tumors and the established psychic changes in former workers with mustard gas and especially on the production of malignant tumors of the central nervous system in experimental animals with alkylating nitrosamines. PMID- 820969 TI - [The treatment of ptyalism in children with cerebral lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Even after coarse movements have largely become normal, a distrubed motoricity and sensitivity remains in the orofacial region of some children with cerebral lesions, with disordered function of the transport of saliva and masticated food. So far, we have treated 9 children with moderately severe to slight degrees of cerebral disturbances of movement. The first month of treatment with a modified activator showed encouraging results. The apparatus is intended to transform and coordinate the pathological muscular action in the region of the mouth into the most physiological movement possible. PMID- 820970 TI - [A new aid in the diagnosis of fungi: Microstix - Candida test strips (author's transl)]. AB - Microstix test strips are a new aid in the diagnosis of yeasts which are easy to handle and can be used universally. Observations on clinical material (a total of over 1200 test strips inoculated) involving 777 inoculated Microstix with material from 6 different nursing areas show that altogether 36% postive findings, only 5.6% unspecifically postive (problem organisms and molds) and only 1.5% negative results were demonstrable with positive cultures of fungi on the control media. Positive results can already be expected after 12-24 hours culture. The test strips are not absolutely yeastspecific, since problem organisms and molds may cause a brown discoloration. False negative findings are occasionally simulated by C. tropicalis and C. mycoderma. PMID- 820972 TI - [Sterilization as a method of contraception. Results of consultations on the desire for vasectomy]. AB - A prerequisite for medical agreement with the desire for vicarious sterilization of the male is the procedure which has become known as the Hamburg model, in which the discussion between doctor and the married couple assumes a pre-eminent role. The operation is performed by a second doctor who did not participate in the consultation and is consequently impartial. There is no accquiescence on the medical side if, for example, the marital situation must be considered as tense, if the ideas of the couple on the finality associated with vasectomy are aboslutely unsatisfactory, and if the decision as a partnership is expressly rejected and instead the freedom of the individual is given primary importance. Both partners must have the opportunity for repeated confidential consultation before the written agreement is signed. PMID- 820971 TI - [Treatment of bradycardiac arrhythmias with depot-orciprenaline (author's transl)]. AB - 24 patients with bradycardiac arrhythmias of various origin were treated with a new depot preparation of orciprenaline. The special galenical preparation guarantees effectiveness ofr 8-10 hours. In 21 patients (87%), therefore, one dragee morning and evening was sufficient to obtain a mean rise in frequency of 57%. The preparation had to be discontinued in 3 cases because of side effects such as increase in ventricular extrasystoles, anginal complaints and critical rise of blood pressure in hypertension. Because of its trouble-free administration in a depot form the preparation not only offers a practical advantage over the short-acting commercial preparations, but also shows a reliable efficacy. It can therefore be given under regular supervision in all forms of bradycardiac arrhythmias with stable ventricular frequency and satisfactory cardiac output. PMID- 820974 TI - [Sterilization of the male]. AB - Vasoresection has great significance as a method of contraception. Next to surgicial sterilization of the female it is the most reliable method of contraception if surgical technical errors are avoided and postoperative speriograms are carried out. According to a review by Leader (2711 cases), 1 patient in 400 remaining capable of procreation must nevertheless be reckoned with. The failure is due to the fact that the surgeon did not identify a vas deferens or a spermatogranuloma led to a spontaneous recanilization. For this reason ths stumps of the vas should be stitched round. The question of electrocoagulation of the intima with ligature of the adventitia also arises. PMID- 820973 TI - [Methods of sterilization of the female. Possibilities of hysteroscopic sterilization]. AB - Present-day procedures for the sterilization of women are discussed. In particular, the possibilities of inpatient and ambulant treatments and their efficacy and risks are gone into. The hypsteroscopic transuterine tubal sterilization is reported as a new method which is still in the experimental stage. If the same sucessful results are achieved as with the sterilization methods already known, its advantages would be: a short ambulant procedure; local anesthesia, therefore no risk from the anesthetic point of view; avoiding the abdominal cavity, consequently no complications involving the peritoneal space such as are usually encountered with all other sterilization procedures; low risk of morbidity; the patients are not disabled; very low cost factor. PMID- 820975 TI - [Forensic psychiatric aspects of sterilization]. AB - How great the risk is that important and long-lasting psychic disturbances persist after sterilization cannot be forecast with certainty, even today. Increased susceptibility to abnormal psychic reactions and developments after sterilization is to be contemplated with certain personalities with overconscientious, asthenic or depressive traits. It is usually a matter of internal conflict situations at the level of self-esteem which, however, depend not only on the initial personality, but to a large extent are repeatedly reactualized through the behavior and reaction of the persons in the environment, so that finally mental developments arise which reach into the abnormal. This risk must be included in the calculation when making the indication and requires particular attention, because the legal effectiveness of the consent to sterilization is also dependent on the completeness of the advice on the consequences of this surgical operation. PMID- 820976 TI - [Catamnestic investigations on sterilized women]. AB - According to a thorough follow-up investigation of 2,002 sterilized women with an unusually high response of 94.3%, sterilization is by far the most reliable method of contraception (failure rate about 1 per thousand), largely free from danger (mortality less than 1 per thousand), and associated with less morbidity (somatic 1.4%, psychosomatic 2.4%, psychic 1.4%, sexual 2.8%, familial 0.8% and multiple complications 0.7%) whose improvements of 30 to 70% contrast in the areas mentioned. Psychic and familial stabilizing impulses arise form a sexuality freed from anixiety, so that the earlier medical reserve is unjustified. PMID- 820977 TI - [Mental acceptance of surgical contraception by man and wife]. AB - The term "surgical contraception" is chosen instead of the word "sterilization" because this expressions is technically more accurate, psychologically more favorable and historically less tainted. Opossed to false information and prejudice, surgical contraception iscommendable in the sphere of family planning as a permanent contracptive as long as the partners are carefully advised and selected before the operation. Conditions for a favorable mental acceptance are: independent, unequivocal and free decision, clear motivation, no wish to have any more children, agreement between the partners, and to a great extent, freedom from strife between the partners and from personality disorders. These result are obtained from the critical review of serial catamneses in the last 50 years, mainly from western countries. PMID- 820978 TI - [Di-2-ethylenehexylphthalate in PVC-packed plasma substitute solutions on dextran base. Determination and the roxicologic evaluation]. PMID- 820979 TI - [Editoral: Control of long term therapy with antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 820981 TI - [Epidemiological data on appendicitis]. AB - Various statistical data on the assessment of the appendicitis situation in the Federal Republic of Germany (BRD) and the GDR in recent years are drawn upon which show that the mortality rate in the BRD has declined by almost 40% since 1970. The number of hospital cases of appendicitis has been constant since 1965 among those insured by the Regional Insurance bodies, but a marked increase occured in children between 1966 and 1969. In the GRD there was a marked reduction in hospital cases of appendicitis between 1969 and 1973. The period of hospitalization for this disease reduced in the BRD by an average of less than one day within 13 years. The heavy load on hospitals and insurance companies, and consequently on the entire national economy, due to the high rates of appendicitis in comparison to other countries and the very long average duration of hospitalization should be reasons enough for stricter indication with the aim of preventing unnecessary deaths and unneccessary operations. PMID- 820980 TI - [Mammary carcinoma]. AB - Comments are made on controversial questions on the early recognition of mammary carcinoma with reference to the most important publications in the world literature and to our own experience. The decision between mastectomy and irradiation presupposes a histologically, cytologically, clinically or mammographically confirmed diagnosis. The extent of an operation must take cosmetic principles into consideration. Follow-up irradiation is unnecessary if no metastases are found in the axillary lymph nodes or in only one or two lymph nodes in the lowest layer near the mammary gland. Addional hormonal or cytostatic therapy does not improve the longterm results with all certainty. PMID- 820982 TI - [Radiological findings after jejunoileal shunt for the treatment of extreme adiposity]. AB - Bypassing the small intestine is used for the treatment of extreme obesity. Because of the altered morphological and functional situation, the assessment of radiological sequelae is different. Passage is rapid, continuous observation is essential. Passage time is related to weight loss. Multiple small fluid levels in the small intestine are an expression of the stasis in the bypassed intestinal loops. They are of clinical importance only when there are other complaints at the same time. A reflux is of particular importance in relation to the expected loss in weight. Absorption studies with radioactive isotopes show the extent of the malabsorption. PMID- 820983 TI - [Late results of the Noble operation. Clinical and radiological follow-up examination]. AB - The results of 58 Noble operations performed during the period between 1964 and 1973 are reported. A partial operation was carried out in 9 cases. In 4 cases there were fatal complications due to technical errors such as too long a terminal ilial loop and direct suture to the intestine. Two cases of late ileus were observed after 2 and 6 months respectively following a partial plication. Follow-up examination at an average of 4 years after Noble operation showed that 26 patients were free of complaint. The Noble operation is best suited for cases with chronic recurrent adhesion ileus when a permanent folding of the small intestine is necessary. For other indications, the newer alternative procedures. (Childs and Phillips and Reiffersceid and Phillip's small intestine splinting) should be used. PMID- 820984 TI - [Treatment of comatose patients by extracorporeal hemoperfusion with activated charcoal]. AB - Hemoperfusion with activated charcoal is indicated in intoxications and in hepatic comma because the charcoal absorbs toxic substances. Good results have been obtained so far with activated charcoal liver perfusion in barbiturate intoxications, but less satisfactory results in hepatic comma. The indication for perfusion should also be made in clinically hopeless cases. The principal complications with activated charcoal perfusion are a decrease in thrombocytes and microemboli of charchoal particles. These complications can be avoided by coating the charcoal particles. A flow-rate of 200-300 ml/min is best in humans because this flow-rate ist guaranteed by an AV shunt in the forearm. PMID- 820985 TI - [Is prevention of chelognathopalatoschisis possible]. AB - The author has dealt with most frequent malformation of the visceral cranium region, cheilognathopalatoschisis. In order to be able to make precise statements on the hereditary character, he has studied 108 families with clefts, i.e. groups of kindred people in whom a cleft formation appeared in the facial area, with regard to their hereditary characteristics. While the data on the inheritance of facial clefts varied between 15 and 20%, the author was able to show that they exceed the 40% margin. The occurrence of cheilognathopalatoschisis can be almost completely prevented by selective treatment of carriers in early pregnancy. PMID- 820986 TI - [Amyloid depositions in the oral cavity]. PMID- 820988 TI - Further notes on the behavior of induced asymmetric dyads in the male of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The present study confirms the findings of Zimmering and Bendbow [28], that there is preferential recovery of the shorter elements of asymmetric dyads following induced exchanges in irradiated T(2;-3)bwv4 males. Deletion studies giving rough estimates of contaminations of phenotypic crossovers by deletions (or point mutations) have now provided more accurate estimates of the degrees of non randomness (c) in the regions studied. The significance of the V4 studies and their implications on the mechanisms of meiotic drive are discussed. PMID- 820987 TI - [Clinical studies with piracetam]. PMID- 820990 TI - Investigations on radio-sensitive and radio-resistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. VII. High relative radio resistance to the induction of sex-linked recessive lethals in stage-7 oocytes of RO I4. PMID- 820989 TI - A comparative study of the frequencies of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in somatic and germ cells of the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Frequencies of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in spermatogonia, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone-marrow cells of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and in human blood lymphocytes, were determined at different exposures of X-rays. The dose-response curve for the induction of reciprocal translocations in spermatogonia suggested a "hump" at about 200 rad. The absolute frequencies of chromosome aberrations in somatic and germ cells of the rhesus monkey were low in comparison with most other mammalian species and the ratio between aberrations in the two tissues was 25 to 1 at the 100 rad level. Although the numbers of "effective chromosome arms" in man and rhesus monkeys are similar (81 vs. 83), the rhesus monkey showed a lower rate of induction of dicentrics in blood lymphocytes than man at all doses, reaching statistical significance at the 300 rad level. PMID- 820991 TI - Problems of testing drugs for potential mutagenicity. PMID- 820992 TI - The sporulation system of Bacillus subtilis as the basis of a multi-gene mutagen screening test. AB - The sporulation system of B. subtilis provides the basis of a simple and unique test for the detection of forward mutations in any of several hundreds genes in 28--45 separate operons scattered throughout the chromosome. Non-sporulating or oligosporogenous mutant colonies are easily identified by their lack of a brown pigment normally present in spore-forming colonies. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ethyl methanesulfonate, acridine orange, acriflavin, nitrous acid, and UV irradiation are already known to produce sporulation mutants. This paper reports the dose dependence of sporulation mutant induction by 2-nitrosofluorene, ICR-191, nitrogen mustard, ethidium bromide and MNNG; mutagenesis is also demonstrated for aflatoxin B1 and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. A mammalian liver enzyme metabolizing system was necessary for activation of aflatoxin B1. Auramine-O and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine failed to give a significant mutagenic effect under the conditions employed. The wide variety of mutagen classes detected indicates the general applicability of the test. This test, based on many genes throughout the chromosome, may prove less apt to exclude rare mutagenic "hot-spots" than systems based on the detection of mutations in a restricted region of the chromosome. PMID- 820993 TI - Nitrosocarbaryl: its effect on human DNA. AB - Human skin cells (both normal and xeroderma pigmentosum) were treated with carbaryl (N-methyl-1-naphthyl-carbamate), a common agricultural pesticide, or its N-nitroso derivative, nitrosocarbaryl, and the DNA of the cells was sedimented in alkaline sucrose gradients at several times after treatment. Numerous single strand breaks were apparent in the DNA of the nitrosocarbaryl-treated cells but not in the DNA of those treated with carbaryl. The nitrosocarbaryl effect on the DNA could be observed up to 20 h after removal of the chemical from the cultures. The DNA of human cells treated with ring labeled nitroso[3H]carbaryl and methyl labeled nitroso[14C]carbaryl was isolated and banded in cesium chloride density gradients. The peak of 14C radioactivity and not the 3H radioactivity coincided with the optical density peak of the human DNA from these gradients. An aliquot of the same DNA was alkaline denatured and banded on alkaline cesium chloride gradients with similar results. These observations suggest that the nitrosocarbaryl molecule is split and only the methyl containing residue forms an irreversible association with human cellular DNA, resulting in chemical changes observable as alkali-sensitive bonds. PMID- 820994 TI - Pharmacologic closure of patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant. AB - The prostaglandins affect smooth-muscle tone of the ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus often complicates the clinical course of prematurely born infants with respiratory-distress syndrome. In the present study, a single oral or rectal dose of a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, was administered to six consecutive premature infants with the syndrome who would otherwise have undergone surgical ligation of the patent ductus. Within 24 hours all the clinical symptoms and physical, echocardiographic and radiographic signs attributable to substantial left-to-right shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus dramatically and permanently disappeared. A transient reduction in renal function was observed in two infants in whom sustained ill-effects did not occur. The observation that constriction and closure of the patent ductus arteriosus may be induced pharmacologically raises important possibilities for the improved treatment of the respiratory-distress syndrome. PMID- 820995 TI - Shattuck Lecture--an agenda for physicians and legislators, 1976. PMID- 820996 TI - Pheochromocytoma crisis induced by saralasin. Relation of angiotensin analogue to catecholamine release. PMID- 820997 TI - Estimating the economic costs of alcohol abuse. PMID- 820998 TI - Letter: Pulmonary reaction to chrysotherapy. PMID- 820999 TI - [Possibilities for determining body composition of man in relation to obesity]. AB - The following methods for determining the body composition of obese individuals were compared: hydrostatic weighing; determination of total body water (distribution of antipyrine and of tritium oxide); determination of the total potassium content of the body; determination of the amount of excreted creatinine. The values for body fat which derived from the body density, from the total potassium content and from the distribution of antipyrine differed only to a small extent. These differences were not significant. But the value based on tritium oxide distribution differed significantly. The study of the body composition of obese individuals has clearly shown that the increase in body weight is significantly correlated with the increase in the proportion of fat in the body (r=0.444), with the increase in the absolute fat content (r=+0.898) and also with the increase in the proportion of lean body mass (r=0.826). Not only the fat (61.2%) but also the lean body mass (38.8%) contributes to the weight increase of obese individuals. The quantitative determination of the fat content of the body and of the fat-free substance not only serves to specify the diagnosis of obesity (in particular, it permits to detect the so-called latent obesity) but is also the basis of the assessment of certain function, e.g., energy metabolism. The effectiveness of different methods for losing weight may be evaluated by repeated determinations of the fat content and for the lean body mass. PMID- 821001 TI - [Prostaglandins: from a curiosity to reality]. PMID- 821003 TI - The economics of peritoneal dialysis: a cost-efficiency study. AB - To determine the maximum possible return of urea extracted per litre of peritoneal dialysis fluid used, nine test exchanges using volumes of 1, 1.5, and 2 litres of fluid for periods of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h, were studied in 15 consecutive peritoneal dialyses. The actual quantity of urea extracted was estimated. On comparison, it was found that the best return was achieved with 1 litre volumes used for 1.5 or 1 h (80.65 +/- 5.58 and 80.18 +/- 5.13% respectively of a possible best of 100%) the difference between these being insignificant. All other exchange volumes and times used yielded significantly worse results. We recommend the use of 1-hour, 1-litre exchanges in peritoneal dialysis, except in patients who are in a hypercatabolic state, in whom we would use haemodialysis or 0.5 h 2-litre exchanges of peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 821000 TI - Pathway of sodium moving from blood to intestinal lumen under the influence of oxyphenisatin and deoxycholate. AB - The transfer of (51)CrEDTA and inulin--substances which are distributed only in the extracellular space--across the rat colonic mucosa in vivo is increased by oxyphenisatin O (3.5 times 10(-5)M) and deoxycholate D(3 times 10(-3)M). O and D do not change the size of the intra- and extracellular fluid compartments of the mucosa as measured with (51)CrEDTA from the blood side. The sodium and potassium content of the mucosal tissue is not altered. Therefore the calculated intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium remain constant. The time course of the (22)Na uptake into the mucosal epithelium is not influenced by O and D up to 5 min after i.v. injection. The specific activity of sodium, however, in the luminal fluid increases under the influence of O(twofold) and D(fivefold). The uptake of (22)Na into the mucosal tissue after administration of (22)Nainto the intestinal lumen is not changed in presence of O and D. We conclude that the net transport of sodium and water from blood to lumen under the influence of O and D occurs mainly via the intercellular way. PMID- 821002 TI - [Non-excretory multiple myeloma; a case of Kahler's disease without paraproteins in the plasma]. PMID- 821004 TI - [Neurosurgery under strict asepsis. Effect of the surgical isolator on the level of infections after valve shunts for hydrocephalus]. AB - The authors report on two groups of 75 shunts for hydrocephalus. Each group includes both cases in which the shunt was implanted for the first time and cases in which the repair of a former shunt was necessary either for mechanical or infectious complications. The operations within the first group were performed with traditional techniques; those of the second group were carried out during the same period of time and by the same team, but with the use of a surgical isolator. The overall rate of early infections was greatly reduced in the second group. Careful analysis of the infections which still occured with the surgical isolator indicated that they were related to the reappearance of a preoperative infection or to secondary contamination through post-operative cutaneous complication. In this second group using the surgical isolator, no contamination occured during the operation itself. PMID- 821005 TI - Long-term administration of corticosteroids in myasthenia gravis. AB - Favorable results were obtained in 30 patients with myasthenia gravis treated initially with high daily doses of prednisone and subsequently maintained on lower doses for a protracted period. In 45 incidents of treatment, complete remission occurred in 69 percent, marked improvement in 20 percent, and moderate improvement in 17 percent. Nineteen patients proceeded to thymectomy, with negligible morbidity and sustained improvement. In four patients, it was possible to discontinue prednisone 1 year or more after thymectomy. PMID- 821006 TI - Prognostic factors in absence seizures. AB - A prospective follow-up study was conducted on 48 epileptic patients (22 males and 26 females) who had participated in a collaborative study of absence seizures about 7 years earlier. Multivariate analysis showed that the significant prognostic factors for absence seizures were normal or above normal intelligence and normal electroencephalographic background activity. For any seizure type, significant prognostic factors were a negative history of generalized tonic clonic seizures, normal or above normal intelligence, and a negative family history of seizure disorders. Nearly 90 percent of the patients with all significant prognostic factors for both absence seizures and seizures of all types ceased having seizures. PMID- 821008 TI - Department of Defense. PMID- 821007 TI - Cerebellar degeneration following long-term phenytoin therapy. AB - Diffuse loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and to some extent, of granule cells occurred in a 78-year-old woman who had been continually treated with phenytoin for more than 20 years and in whom progressive cerebellar deficits developed in the later years of life. In the absence of other demonstrable cause, the selective morphologic changes in the cerebellum are attributed to long-term administration of phenytoin. PMID- 821009 TI - Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. PMID- 821010 TI - Air Force Medical Service. PMID- 821011 TI - Veterans Administration. PMID- 821012 TI - Diagnosis and management of neurosurgical problems. PMID- 821013 TI - Psychiatric pharmacy residency and services. PMID- 821014 TI - Myopia at West Point: past and present. PMID- 821015 TI - Kidney transplantation in the active duty soldier: case report. PMID- 821016 TI - Remote cerebral infarction as a presenting manifestation of brain tumor (primary reticulum cell sarcoma): case report. PMID- 821018 TI - Editorial: Veterinary medical participation in hospital clinical research. PMID- 821017 TI - Biliary peritonitis due to double perforation of carcinoma of the gallbladder: case report. PMID- 821019 TI - [Gilbert's jaundice. Current clinico-nosographic physiopathological and therapeutical aspects. I. Recent findings in Gilbert's syndrome]. AB - Gilbert's icterus is a term used to cover certain forms of free bilirubin hyperbilirubinaemia which occur without any clear signs of hyperhaemolysis and are thus based on a fundamental defect in bilirubin liver cell clearance. Speculatively, this defect may be considered as being located at the level of any one of the steps along the metabolic route of the pigment, between the vascular pole of the liver cell and the microsomes. The incidence of these forms is calculated at about 4-6% of the population, while study of its familial distribution would suggest its inclusion among genetically conditioned metabolic disturbances. Investigations of various groups of patients suggest heredity of poorly penetrating, incomplete expressivity dominant autosomic type. As for pathogenesis, analysis of the formation of glycuronide bilirubin on the part of liver microsomes has shown a frequent reduction in glycuronyltransferase activity in patients with Gilbert's icterus; on the other hand, separation of the two carrier proteins y and z, and kinetic studies with free radiobilirubin, suggest that in certain of these subjects there is an alteration in the liver cell's capacity to take up and hold bilirubin removed from the blood. On the basis of such data, Gilbert's icteruses have been traditionally subdivided into two types: the first, with slight bilirubinaemia, due to an uptaking defect, the second, with higher bilirubin, due to a reduction in glycuronide conjugation. From the morphological viewpoint, the optical microscope does not reveal any outstanding elements in the livers of Gilbert patients; some workers using the electronic microscope have insisted on the not infrequent presence of damage to the vascular pole of the liver cell, which would fall in with the hypothesis of a membrane pathology as the underlying factor in one type of Gilbert's icterus. Numerous granules with lysosome characteristics have also been seen at the biliary pole of the liver cell. Whether these are the cause of the disease or, as would appear more likely, they are only an epiphenomenon secondary to the accumulation of a non-metabolized product of the liver, is still under discussion. Theoretically, therefore, two groups can be distinguished for free bilirubin icteruses of hepatic pathogenesis and thus not only for Gilbert's icterus; those due to a membrane or y and z carrier pathology, and those with microsome pathology due to partial glycuronyltransferase deficiency. The most recent tendency is thus to unify under the common label of a glycuronyltransferase deficiency the type II of Gilbert's icterus and the Crigler-Najjar disease, even though gene transmission modalities differ. Some workers thus suggest two types of Crigler-Najjar disease: type I, the classical type, due to absolute glycuronyltransferase deficiency and type II due to a relative deficiency, taking in the II form of Gilbert's icterus... PMID- 821020 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolism in a case of associated primary hypothyroidism, obesity and diabetes mellitus]. AB - A case of dyslipoproteinaemia of type V in a woman suffering from primary hypothyroidism, florid diabetes mellitus and obesity is reported. The case is commented on in general and as regards possible correlations between the diseases and the dyslipoproteinaemic picture. The various therapeutic treatment employed and results are also reported. PMID- 821021 TI - Investigations into the optimum nitrogen and caloric requirements and comparative nutritive value of three intravenous amino acid solutions in the post-operative period. AB - Complete nitrogen balance studies have been conducted in 17 patients undergoing vagotomy and pyloroplasty during the first 6 post-operative days. All patients received only intravenous nutrition during this period and there were no metabolic complications. These studies have shown that the optimum nitrogen and energy intake in the post-operative period in adults are 0.24g nitrogen and 46 kcal/kg body weight/day, respectively. These studies throw further doubt on the use of the E/T ratio as a predictor of nitrogen source solution efficiency in intravenous nutrient regimes. It is suggested that more attention should be directed to the non-essential nitrogen constituents in those solutions where the essential amino acid nitrogen contributes 30% of the total nitrogen. A new solution, Amodex, with an E/T ratio of 2.62 and an essential amino acid nitrogen content of 30% of the total nitrogen content has been found to compare favourably with two other well-established solutions in the post-operative period. These studies suggest that of the three solutions, Vamin 7% may be marginally more efficient. PMID- 821022 TI - The influence of maternal food supplements on birthweight in Guatemala. PMID- 821023 TI - Protein sparing produced by proteins and amino acids. PMID- 821024 TI - Nutrition classics. Nature 144:442-3; 1939; D. Keilin and T. Mann: Carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 821026 TI - Role of fetal deglutition and micturition in the production and turnover of amniotic fluid in the monkey. AB - In order to determine the precise role played by the absence of fetal swallowing or urine contribution in the disposal and production of amniotic fluid, we surgically occluded the fetal esophagus in 5 monkeys and the urethra in 2 monkeys. The amniotic fluid volume was then measured daily with an indicator dilution technic. Sham operations were performed on 3 monkeys of similar gestational age. It was found that in late pregnancy failure of fetal deglutition resulted in transient hydramnios which appeared to be followed by a readjustment in water exchange rates in other pathways by which the amniotic fluid volume returned to normal range. In midpregnancy fetal deglutition seems to have no appreciable effect upon the amniotic fluid volume. Diversion of fetal urine, however, appeared to result in a persistent decrease in the volume of the amniotic fluid. PMID- 821025 TI - Maternal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia with sparing of the fetus. AB - A case of maternal Listeria monocytogenes septicemia at 19 week's gestation is presented. Successful treatment of the mother with ampicillin resulted in remission of maternal symptoms and subsequent term delivery of an unaffected infant, indicating fetal disease is not an inevitable consequence of maternal Listeria sepsis. PMID- 821027 TI - The glioarchitectonics of the rhesus monkey optic nerve. Electron microscopic study. PMID- 821028 TI - [Method of selection of synchronously developing larvae of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Methods of obtaining synchronously developing larvae were comparatively evaluated. Larvae were selected by distinct morphological features: time of hatching, second larval moult, pupation. Both virgin and non-virgin females were taken in the experiment. The degree of synchronism was estimated by the interval during which pupation took place in all larvae of the sample. When selecting larvae at the time of second moult, the pupation of all selected larvae was completed within 8 hrs. All other methods of obtaining synchronously developing larvae give a spread of pupation from 12 to 25 hrs. A simple modification of the method of larval selection during the second moult is proposed which allows to obtain a large amount of synchronously developing larvae of the 3rd instar. PMID- 821029 TI - Ultrasonic disinfection of the root canal. AB - The use of ultrasonics to increase the bactericidal efficiency of endodontic irrigation was tested on four microorganisms. Ultransonics alone had a reducing effect but coupling it with a biocidal agent led to a more efficient bactericidal synergism. A sonosynergistic system of cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system has been described. PMID- 821030 TI - Pancreatic cancer developing in Sprague-Dawley rats after local application of 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA). PMID- 821031 TI - [Histological study of Ceratophyllus consimilis Wagn. fleas infected with the causative agent of listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes)]. AB - Histological studies have shown that in experimentally infected fleas (C. consimilis) Listeria are preserved in the alimentary canal. In infected individuals microbes occur along the whole intestine, from oesophagus to the rectum but most often they are recorded from the mid-gut and proventriculus. Listeria are able to penetrate into its muscular tissue and in some cases enter the body cavity of the insect. The finding of Listeria in the oesophagus confirms the possibility of the transmission of the infarction by fleas through the bite without blocking. PMID- 821032 TI - Effects of early protein-calorie malnutrition on the immune response. AB - Intrauterine and early postnatal malnutrition caused a marked and protracted weight reduction of the body, spleen, and thymus. The mean body weight of the offspring of the malnourished mothers at weaning was 25 +/- 10 g whereas that of the controls was 75 +/- 20 g. At weaning the mean spleen weight of the malnourished offspring was 0.19 +/- 0.05 g and that of their controls was 0.4 +/- 0.13 g. During refeeding the spleen weight but not the thymus weight of the malnourished offspring caught up with that of the controls after about 70 days. After refeeding for as long as 4 months the thymus weight of the malnourished was still significantly (P less than 0.01) less than that of the corresponding weight matched controls. Primary and secondary plaque-forming cells (PFC) in both the spleen and thymus of the weanling malnourished offspring were barely detectable whereas spleen of their controls had mean approximate values of 50 x 10(3) primary PFC and 70 x 10(3) secondary PFC. The corresponding values in the control thymus were 20 x 10(2) primary PFC and 8 x 10(2) secondary PFC. After refeeding for 4 months of the weanling malnourished offspring their primary and secondary PFC in the spleen increased to about one-half the level of that in their controls whereas the PFC in the thymus were still barely detectable. On the other hand, mean primary and secondary rosette-forming cells (RFC) in the spleen of the weanling malnourished offspring were less than 1 x 10(3) in comparison to the 80 90 x 10(3) in the controls (P less than 0.001). In the thymus too, mean primary and secondary RFC were also less than 1 x 10(3), whereas the corresponding figure in the controls was 30-50 x 10(3) RFC. After refeeding for 4 months the mean values of both the primary and secondary RFC in the spleen and thymus continued to remain less than 1 x 10(3). Although cell morphology in the spleen of the malnourished offspring had returned to normal appearance after 4 months of refeeding, that of the corresponding thymus had not done so completely. For instance, thymic corticomedullary function had reappeared by this time but thymocytes were still less in number than in the controls. By the 8th postnatal day serum IgG2b allotype became detectable in the control offspring, but it was not until day 20 that this IgG allotype could be detected in the malnourished offspring. IgG2a allotype could be detected in the sera of both the malnourished and control offspring. PMID- 821033 TI - Sensitivity to carbohydrate in a patient with familial intermittent lactic acidosis and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - A 9-year old boy with severe mental and growth retardation and diffuse neurologic damage had minimal elevation of blood pyruvate (0.21 mM) and lactate (2.1 mM) on a normal diet but developed life-threatening lactic acidosis (pH 7.14; lactate 21.0 MM) on a diet containing 65% carbohydrate and 15% fat. Subsequently, blood pyruvate levels rose significantly higher than in 16 control subjects during a glucose tolerance test whereas the glucose levels were normal. Two sisters died with spontaneous lactic acidosis and an otherwise similar clinical course... PMID- 821035 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 821034 TI - Iduronate sulfatase activity in serum, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts--simplified diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome. AB - A previously described assay for iduronate sulfatase has been adapted for use with serum, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts. The assay also gives a rough measure of iduronidase activity. We have evaluated the procedure for the diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome, for the detection of Hunter heterozygotes, and for the diagnosis of certain other disorders (mucolipidoses II and III and mucopolysaccharidosis I). Hunter patients had 1-2% normal iduronate sulfatase activity in the three sources tested. The serum assay is undoubtedly the method of choice to establish the diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome. Less that 1 ml serum and 3-4 days are required to complete the procedure. Serum could not be used for the detection of iduronidase deficiency diseases, but these could easily be recognized in lymphocyte and fibroblast preparations. The iduronate sulfatase activity of sera from patients with mucolipidoses II and III was elevated 20-fold, but their parents had a normal level of the enzyme. In fibroblasts of patients with mucolipidoses II and III, both iduronate sulfatase and iduronidase activities were markedly decreased. Serum assays were not informative about the Hunter heterozygote status. However, the mean activity in lymphocytes from mothers of Hunter patients was about half of the mean normal activity. A number of obligate heterozygotes had iduronate sulfatase activity so low that they were identifiable as carriers; others, unfortunately, had a clearly normal level. The possibility of carrier detection by the lymphocyte assay needs further development. PMID- 821036 TI - [Oculo-vertebral dysplasia (Weyers-Thier syndrome) in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 821037 TI - [Case of oculo-dento-digital syndrome]. PMID- 821038 TI - [Phacomatoses--clinical aspects and pathogenesis]. PMID- 821039 TI - [Conditions for the therapeutic effectiveness of leukocyte transfusions]. PMID- 821040 TI - Changes in transfer ribonucleic acids of Bacillus subtilis during different growth phases. AB - The transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) of B. subtilis at different growth phases are examined for changes in the composition and the methylation of minor constituents. The composition of the tRNAs indicates about equal amounts of adenosine and uridine, and of guanosine and cytidine. About 3-4 residues are present as modified bases in the average tRNA molecule. The net composition of tRNAs appears to remain unaltered during different growth phases. In vitro methylation of tRNAs indicates lack of methyl groups in both exponentially growing cells and spores. In vivo methylation studies show tRNA methylation occurs during the stationary phase in the absence of net tRNA synthesis. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo methylation indicate that the tRNAs in exponentially growing cells do not contain their full complement of modified bases. More complete modification is noted in tRNAs from stationary cells or spores. Hence, tRNA mofifications in general are preserved with fidelity even in the dormant spore but the possibility is left open that specific modifications of selected isoacceptors of tRNAs may occur. PMID- 821042 TI - [Effects of Intal on various forms of asthma]. PMID- 821041 TI - Purification and properties of a light-inducible nuclease from Euglena gracilis. AB - The nuclease described by Carell, E.F., Egan, J.M. and Pratt, E.A. [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1970) 138, 26-31] has been purified 1000-fold from Euglena gracilis strain Z. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of both polyribonucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides. The relative rates of hydrolysis of synthetic and natural polynucleotides was found to be: poly (U) 100, poly (dT) 33, denatured calf-thymus DNA 33, yeast tRNA 9, E. coli total RNA 6, poly (dA dT) 5, poly (A) less than 1, poly (C) less than .05, and poly (G) less than .05. The enzyme attacks polynucleotides in an endonucleolytic fashion, yielding products terminated with a 3'-phosphate. Poly (U) appears to be hydrolyzed completely to 3'-UMP; both RNA and DNA appear to have some phosphodiester bonds resistant to enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis. Because of its mode of action and its inducibility by light, we propose the name endonuclease L for this enzyme. PMID- 821043 TI - [Rifampicin combined with ethambutol and other antitubercular drugs in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Early results. I. Bacteriological evaluation]. PMID- 821044 TI - [Use of immunologic methods for the detection of dehydrogenases of BCG substrains]. PMID- 821045 TI - [IgE level determinations and Intal effectiveness in cases of atopic and non atopic asthma]. PMID- 821046 TI - [Status epilepticus complicated by acute adrenocortical failure]. PMID- 821047 TI - [Intal in in-patient and out-patient treatment of children with asthma]. PMID- 821048 TI - [Pyocin types and proteolytic properties of Pseudomonas pyocyanea organisms in burned patients and in the milieu of the Division of Burns, Institute of Hematology in Warsaw]. PMID- 821049 TI - A study of certain environmental factors and mineral chelation on the reproductive performance of young and yearling turkey hens. AB - The study presented was designed to determine the effects of laying cages and conventional litter floors, pen temperatures of 12.8 degrees, 21.1 degrees and 29.4 degrees C., and chelated (EDTA-Zn) vs. nonchelated trace mineral mixes on the reproductive performance of yearling force-molted and young Large White female turkeys. Reproductive performance, as measured by egg production, settable eggs, fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs, was not significantly different between young and yearling hens. Females fed a chelated trace mineral mix had a higher percentage of settable eggs, greater feed consumption and thicker egg shells. Females in laying cages laid at a higher rate, ate more feed, and weighed more than those on conventional floors. Significant differences were not observed between the two pen environments for hatchability of fertile eggs or egg weight. The percentages of settable eggs and of fertile eggs were lower when females were maintained in cages. A constant temperature of 29.4 degrees C. reduced egg production below that obtained from females maintained at 12.8 degrees and 21.1 degrees C. The high pen temperature also caused lower body and egg weights, more birds out of production and an increased incidence of molting. Feed consumption decreased with increasing pen temperatures. Fertility, hatchability, percentage of settable eggs and egg shell thickness were unaffected by the imposed temperature environments. Temperatures of 12.8 degrees and 21.1 degrees C. yielded comparable results for all reproductive parameters measured. Within the range of temperatures studied, results obtained suggest that optimum reproductive performance can be obtained with breeder turkeys when environmental temperatures are maintained between 12.8 degrees and 21.1 degrees C. PMID- 821050 TI - A cooling method in the treatment of ankle sprains. AB - Cooling treatment with 'Cryogel' is compared with the use of crepe bandaging in patients with recent ankle sprains. All patients were followed up regularly and the results appears to favour cooling when it is used in the early period of treatment. Cooling reduced oedema, pain and disability, and shortened the recovery period. PMID- 821051 TI - [Dynamics of serological reactions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 821052 TI - Penicillin concentration in dental alveolar blood. PMID- 821053 TI - Structure of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-guanosine adducts. AB - Arene oxides have been proposed as the reactive intermediates in the process of carcinogenesis induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The present study defines the structures of four guanosine adducts formed by the reaction of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide with polyguanylic acid. The modified polymer was hydrolyzed to nucleotides and the hydrophobic guanosine adducts separated from unmodified guanosine by LH-20 column chromatograhy. The adducts were further resolved into four components (I-IV) by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Analysis of the ultraviolet, circular dichroism, mass, and proton magnetic resonance spectra of these compounds, or their acetate and free base derivatives, indicates that in all four compounds the aromatic hydrocarbon is present on the 2 amino group of guanine. Compounds I and IV, and II and III constitute diastereoisomeric pairs, respectively. In the I and IV pair, the adducts result from addition at the 6 position of the original dimethylbenz[a]anthracene oxide, whereas in the II and III pair, the addition occurs at the 5 position. Indirect evidence suggests that trans opening of the oxide occurred in all cases but this remains to be established. PMID- 821054 TI - Enveloped virus acquires membrane defect when passaged in fibroblasts from I-cell disease patients. AB - Sindbis virus obtained after passage on human fibroblasts from patients with I cell disease (mucolipidosis II) and called I-cell virus differed from Sindbis virus obtained from chick fibroblasts or from normal human fibroblasts in two ways: (1) The I-cell virus was extremely unstable to freezing and thawing, (2) The I-cell virus showed greatly exaggerated sensitivity to inactivation by Triton X-100. Sindbis virus from fibroblasts from two patients with mucolipidosis III, a milder form of I-cell disease, showed similar, though milder, freeze-sensitivity. When freeze-sensitive I-cell virus was passaged once in mouse L-cells or normal human fibroblasts, the virus was no longer abnormal. The viral glycoproteins of I cell virus were not distinguishable from viral glycoproteins of controls by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration of the glycopeptides suggested small differences in two of the four glycopeptides. These findings indicate that Sindbis virus is phenotypically altered when grown on I-cell fibroblasts. These alterations must be attributed to viral envelope components derived from the host plasma membrane (membrane lipids) or to alterations in viral envelope glycoproteins. In either case, the alterations appear related to the genetic defect in I-cell fibroblasts. From these results it is clear that enveloped viruses can be useful to demonstrate and to analyze membrane defects in certain human diseases. The phenotypically altered viruses may, in turn, provide probes for studying the functional relationships of virus membrane components. PMID- 821055 TI - Sequences related to immunoglobulin kappa chain messenger RNA in T cells. AB - We investigated by molecular hybridization whether T cells contain RNA sequences homologous to RNA which codes for immunoglobulin kappa-chain (k-chain). A radioactive probe of complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared by transcription of purified k-chain mRNA from mouse myeloma MOPC-41 with reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent-DNA nucleotidyltransferase) from avian myeloblastosis virus. The cDNA probably corresponded only to the constant region and 3'-terminus of k-chain mRNA. Kappa-chain cDNA was found to hybridize efficiently with RNA from both thymus cells and an established culture of thymoma cells. The thymus and thymoma cells contained 99.8% and 100% theta-positive cells, respectively. Quantitatively the average thymus T cell (thymus derived lymphocyte) contained about one half as much k-chain mRNA as the average spleen B cell ("bursa" dependent lymphocyte), whereas the thymoma cells contained only 1/33 as much. Control hybridizations of k-chain cDNA with myeloma and liver RNA support the conclusion that T cells in the thymus and in the thymoma cell line synthesize k-chain mRNA-like molecules. The thermal stability of hybrids of k-chain cDNA with RNA from spleen, thymus, thymoma, and another k-chain producing myeloma tumor was lower than that with MOPC-41 RNA. This finding may be due to the existence of several slightly different ck genes in the mouse as suggested by various control experiments. PMID- 821056 TI - High blood pressure related to carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA carcinogen binding, and chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (excision-repair) of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) damage to the DNA of human lymphocytes was determined quantitatively for 92 individuals with diastolic blood pressures ranging from 65 to 120 mm of Hg (8,7 to 16 kPa). Measurements of NA-AAF-induced repair synthesis (incorporation of[3H]thymidine in the presence of 10 mM hydroxyurea) showed linear increase with the blood pressure in the individuals under study. Concurrent determinations for the levels of 3H-labeled 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene bound to the DNAs of lymphocytes after 18 hr of culturing have shown that increased amounts of DNA bound carcinogen were linearly proportional to increased NA-AAF-induced repair synthesis values, and therefore were correlated to high blood pressure. The number of NA-AAF-induced chromosomal abberations in lymphocytes increased linearly with the diastolic blood pressures of the individuals. High NA-AAF induced repair synthesis values also tended to be associated with increased NA AAF-induced chromosomal damage. Together, these results suggest that individuals with elevated blood pressures have a greater potential for accumulating DNA damage, because of an increased chemical reactivity of lymphocytes to carcinogen exposure, than do individuals with normal blood pressure. PMID- 821057 TI - Prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion in cultured macrophages by sulfatides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Intracellular parasites (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, and some Chlamydiae) may promote their survival within the host by acting from within phagosomes to prevent phagolysosome formation, thus avoiding exposure to the lysosomal hydrolases. The present studies demonstrate that when sulfatides of M. tuberculosis (anionic trehalose glycolipids largely responsible for the neutral red reactivity of virulent strains) are administered to cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, they accumulate in the secondary lysosomes, which are rendered incompetent for fusion with phagosomes containing suitable target particles such as viable yeasts. This antifusion effect is also exhibited when small amounts of sulfatide are introduced directly into phagosomes by attachment to the target yeasts prior to their ingestion. The sulfatides evidently exert a selective inhibitory influence on membrane fusion, analogous to what occurs typically when macrophage cultures are infected with tubercle bacilli. This effect may be due to ionic interaction between the polyanionic micelles of bacterial sulfatide and organelle membranes, modifying the latter and inducing dysfunction. PMID- 821058 TI - Nutrition education in the context of early childhood malnutrition in low resource communities. PMID- 821060 TI - Microbiological assay of tryptophan in proteins. PMID- 821059 TI - Parenteral nutrition in surgery. PMID- 821061 TI - Effect of Ca2+ binding by EGTA on renin release in the isolated perfused rabbit kidney. PMID- 821062 TI - Some aspects of the stability of parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 821063 TI - Drinking device for rhesus monkeys. AB - A drinking device for rhesus monkeys is described which is simple, reliable, and permits intermittent scheduling of liquid availability. The device may be of particular use in oral drug self-administration experiments since the amount of fluid dispensed may be calibrated and spillage is minimals. The system has been successfully used for over 3 years with 9 unrestrained rhesus monkeys. PMID- 821064 TI - Photomovement of microorganisms. PMID- 821065 TI - [The effects of optokinetic stimulation on gastric motility in man]. PMID- 821066 TI - [The Australia antigen (HBAg) in the physiopathology of hepatitis chronicization: diagnostic and therapeutic implications]. PMID- 821067 TI - [Phenomena and mechanisms of hypermetropic intraocular musculature determined by clinical and experimental digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 821068 TI - [Non-specific pharmacodynamic action of delazin (romthiazin), in long-term treatment, on the genital tract]. PMID- 821069 TI - [Significance of ventricular repolarization disorders with sub-endocardial or sub epicardial topography]. PMID- 821070 TI - [Aspects of plasma and lung biochemistry in experimental pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 821071 TI - The influence of bufotenin on the feeding behavior and cerebral serotonin content in rats. AB - By researches carried out in male adult rats (Wistar), the influence of the intraperitoneally injected bufotenin (5 mg/kg b.w. active substance in saline solution) was followed on: I--feeding behavior; II--the serotonin concentration in hypothalamus, rhinencephalon, mesencephalon and sensorimotor cerebral cortex. The obtained results show that bufotenin influences the feeding behavior by reducing the motor functions. Its action depends on the physiological state of the animal: by increasing the alimentary motivation the rats can escape the bufotenin influence, showing a normal behavior; bufotenin does not influence the sensorials, the natural dispositions and the excitability level of the feeding and satiety hypothalamic centers. Bufotenin increases serotonin concentration only in the mesencephalic region, but not in the other studied regions. The results are interpreted as a primary bufotenin action on the serotoninic vasoconstrictive receptors at the mesencephalic level, thus disturbing the serotonin-releasing processes and possibly other chemical neurotransmitters. PMID- 821073 TI - Selected topics in gastroenterology: A brief symposium. PMID- 821074 TI - Tonic and phasic relationships between heart rate and somato-motor activity in monkeys. PMID- 821072 TI - The sympatho-adrenergic response in hyperthermia. AB - The sympatho-adrenergic reaction was investigated in heated rats under the influence of a ganglioblocking agent--hexamethonium. The overheating at a 40 degrees environmental temperature produced in a relatively short interval (after 157 min on an average) the death of the animals. An initial bradycardia was followed by a tachycardic phase. In the prelethal phase there appeared bradyarrhythmia produced by conductibility troubles and activation of ectopic ventricular centers. The survival time was not influenced by hexamethonium in spite of its hypothermic action. In blood, heating produced an increased concentration of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Hexamethonium, which reduced the rectal temperature, markedly decreased both blood catecholamines concentration. On this background heating likewise produced a relative increase of both blood catecholamines content. The catecholamines changes in adrenal glands presented less significant modifications. PMID- 821076 TI - A ten-year perspective on MEDICARE. PMID- 821077 TI - A decade of MEDICAID. PMID- 821075 TI - Therapeutic failure of oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. AB - A double-blind investigation of the psychological and hormonal responses to orally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in a dosage range of 200 to 300 mg daily was conducted in a group of 11 depressed patients hospitalized for an initial 10-day period and followed as outpatients for the balance of a 30 day period of observation. The study was purposely restricted to depressives conventionally classed as reactive, neurotic, or characterologic, the groups most commonly encountered clinically. Contrary to some reports of TRH as an effective antidepressant, our results indicated not only failure of benefit but actual antitherapeutic effects in 3 of 6 treated patients as compared with placebo controls. Excessive CNS arousal with psychomotor activation produced dysphoric mental and behavioral effects in these patients. PMID- 821078 TI - Achievements and problems of MEDICAID. PMID- 821079 TI - MEDICARE, medical practice, and the medical profession. PMID- 821081 TI - A foreign view of the United States under MEDICAID and MEDICARE. PMID- 821082 TI - Health insurance in the MEDICARE years. PMID- 821080 TI - Effects of MEDICARE and MEDICAID on access to and quality of health care. PMID- 821083 TI - National health insurance in the Federal Republic of Germany and its implications for U.S. consumers. PMID- 821084 TI - Homemaker services--essential option for the elderly. PMID- 821086 TI - Rural health examination survey in Ghana: nonresponse factors. PMID- 821085 TI - The age computer: a simple device for improving age determination in censuses and surveys. PMID- 821087 TI - A method for examining personnel in dental care delivery: application in 14 practices. PMID- 821088 TI - Epidemic influenza and the United States public health service. PMID- 821089 TI - Sure cures for influenza. PMID- 821090 TI - Influenza studies. I. On certain general statistical aspects of the 1918 epidemic in American cities. PMID- 821091 TI - Cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults. AB - Forty-five patients (25 male and 20 female) over 12 years of age with cystic fibrosis have been studied clinically, radiologically and physiologically. Their mean age at the first visit was 17 years; they were followed for a mean period of 4 years and attended at least every six months. The first symptom which developed before the age of five in 42 of the 45 patients was respiratory. Thirty-two of the 45 patients had severe lung disease (Group III) at the start of the study of the seven patients died during the study. Cough and sputum were almost universal, 23 had haemoptyses and eight pneumothoraces. Staphylococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the common pathogens isolated from sputum and the increasing prevalence of the latter was again confirmed. Acquisition of the mucoid strain of pseudomonas signified poor prognosis. Established infection was never eradicated. Forty-three patients had evidence of pancreatic insufficiency; in all but one patient the symptoms were mild and five patients abandoned dietary restriction and pancreatin without ill effect. Seven patients had symptoms of partial bowel obstruction (meconium ileus equivalent) but only one required surgical relief. The liver was enlarged in seven patients and the spleen was felt in three. Three patients had diabetes mellitus. The influence of cystic fibrosis on growth and development is reported--the growth spurt is late in the majority but growth failure is not confined to those with severe lung infection or malabsorption and in these circumstances remains unexplained. Mean weight was low in relation to height and puberty was delayed in both sexes. PMID- 821092 TI - Tyrosine metabolism is gamma-irradiated rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. PMID- 821093 TI - Nine-year mortality experience in proton-exposed Macaca mulatta. PMID- 821095 TI - Priorities for allocation of resources. PMID- 821094 TI - Letter: Chemical radiosensitization and quality of cellular damage in bacteria exposed to gamma rays. PMID- 821096 TI - Evaluation of scintigraphic and roentgenologic studies in Paget's disease under treatment. AB - Scintigraphic and roentgenological studies in 9 patients, treated for Paget's disease, were evaluated before and during treatment and related to the values of serum alkaline phosphatase. On the initial studies--before treatment--25 lesions were found on both scintigram and roentgenogram. One lesion--proven by biopsy- was only seen on the scintigram. The roentgenograms showed no changes during this period, ranging from 6-16 months, except for one lesion with dubious progression. The scintigrams, carried out using 99Tcm-EHDP, showed both a qualitative and quantitative improvement in 7 cases. The ratios of radionuclide accumulation in Pagetoid bone and normal bone corresponded well with the values of serum alkaline phosphatase. In 4 out of 9 cases, however, the scintigram still demonstrated pathologic uptake of radioactivity, while serum alkaline phosphatase levels had dropped to normal values. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy may be of value for the follow up of patients under treatment for Paget's disease. PMID- 821097 TI - Hypopharyngeal and oesophageal outpouchings and dysmotility. AB - Some aspects of the extensive pathology of the hypopharynx and oesophagus are discussed: abnormal outpouchings of the lateral pharyngeal wall; correlation between dysfunction of the pharyngooesophageal junctions and Zenker's diverticulum; correlation between oesophageal dysmotility and the presence of a pulsion diverticulum and intramural diverticulosis. A discussion of the principal causes of oesophageal dysmotility is followed by a detailed account of two manifestations of dysmotility: diffuse oesophageal spasm and diffuse oesophageal hypertrophy. PMID- 821098 TI - Radiotherapy of Ewing's sarcoma. Local control with and without intensive chemotherapy. AB - Primary tumor control rates were studied in two groups of patients with Ewing's tumor. They received high doses of radiation combined with a standard chemotherapy regimen incorporating multiple agents. Another 17 had either less chemotherapy or none at all. The data suggest that treatment dose and control are correlated and that intensive chemotherapy contributes to destruction of the primary tumor. PMID- 821099 TI - Effects of irradiation on the eye. AB - From 1954 through 1971, 47 patients with malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were treated with an entire eye included in the tumor dose volume. All patients were treated with megavoltage radiation and received approximately 6,000 rads in 30 fractions in six weeks. Two thirds of the patients treated by irradiation alone had no problems with vision or difficulties related to treatment of the eye. When 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was used in conjunction with high-dose radiotherapy, loss of vision was much more frequent and all patients had either visual loss or major clinical difficulties. PMID- 821101 TI - Radiology for the people. AB - The general population of developing nations has not received sufficient radiological diagnostic services. Surveys will pinpoint the areas of greatest need. The best course seems to be to provide many basic diagnostic units of simple design rather than only a few sophisticated centers. The role of the radiologist is to oversee physician-technician training, equipment design, and system development. Only with a well-planned, comprehensive approach can the benefits of modern radiology reach the greatest number of people. PMID- 821100 TI - Radiotherapy for verrucous carcinoma. AB - Radiotherapy of verrucous carcinoma has frequently been associated with anaplastic transformation and poor response. No anaplastic transformation was observed in the 6 patients receiving radiotherapy as the primary treatment, and control of disease was favorable compared with 5 surgically treated patients. Four of the 6 undergoing radiotherapy are alive NED 1-4 years later. Review of the literature and of the University of California cases fails to substantiate an increase in anaplastic transformation in in verrucous carcinoma patients. We recommend that verrucous carcinoma be treated as other squamous cell carcinomas of similar sites and stages. PMID- 821102 TI - The search for the structure of fibrinogen. PMID- 821103 TI - [Current and future status of human nutrition in the Central American isthmus]. AB - Of the four major nutritional problems in the Central American Isthmus, calorie and protein deficiency, endemic goiter, nutritional anemias, and vitamin A deficiency, the most devastating is the first, calorie and protein malnutrition. Our present stage of advancement requires that the nutritional problem be solved through intensive and continued governmental action that would guarantee the people of this area an adequate diet without deteriorating the environment and without depleting natural resources. This would imply a reorientation of the scientific and technological research and a new agricultural policy, together with a new model of development that would place priority on these considerations, recognizing, at the same time, their demographic predominance. PMID- 821104 TI - [Considerations on malnutrition in Central America with special reference to Costa Rica]. AB - This paper analyzes aspects relevant to the nutritional situation in Costa Rica and to a lesser extent the rest of Central America. The nutritional problems have been dealt in a realistic way trying to avoid magnification of the situation. The available data show that calorie-protein malnutrition, anemia and goiter are the problems that, in that order, should receive attention in public health planning. Deficient maternal education and infection of the child play a preponderant role in the etiology of calorie-protein malnutrition and anemia. Analyses presented here show the convenience to revise periodically the criteria used to characterize the nutritional status, in order to adequately plan health actions. Also, the necessity to carry out basic and applied research in the field is emphasized. The future of the nutritional situation is uncertain for the majority of the Central American countries. However, some demographic indicators reveal that nations such as Costa Rica probably will reach an adequate nutrition in a not too distant future. PMID- 821105 TI - The effects of systemic administration of dexametasone on periodontal structures of marmosets. AB - After the period of 28 days of experiment, marmosets, submitted to systemic action of Dexametasone (0,4 mg of Dexametasone every two days), showed: osteoporosis of the interdental septum, and cell reduction of the periodontal ligament, proportional to the time of administration of the drug. PMID- 821106 TI - [Determination of the sample size and distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups in Botucatu, Sa Paulo, Brazil (author's transl)]. AB - In the present paper some statistical aspects referred to the distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups were studied. The sample included 4,037 data, about white and no white persons, of both sexes, living in Botucatu. The results are presented with a calculation of the frequencies of the alleles responsible for the polymorphisms studied, the sample frequencies of the blood groups and their populations confidence-intervals estimates. The possibles interdependences for sex and color with the blood groups were verified by the chi2 test. The principal aim of the present study was to determine the ideal sample size. It was elaborated a table where are given populations sizes, samples sizes and the percentual relations between these values. PMID- 821107 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis and pregnancy]. PMID- 821108 TI - [Spontaneous and evoked potentials, with or without myoclonus, in experimental rolandic foci in the monkey. Preliminary results]. PMID- 821109 TI - [Spontaneous spikes-waves of anterior predominance with paroxysmal manifestations induced by intermittent photic stimulation in Papio papio. Reflections on a particular case]. PMID- 821110 TI - [595 cases of localized seizure discharges without clinical manifestations. Semiologic and diagnostiv value]. PMID- 821111 TI - [Discussion: A propos of localised infraclinical epileptic seizures]. PMID- 821112 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of focal epileptic discharges and their value in localization]. PMID- 821113 TI - [Preliminary study of the ontogenesis of activities of the "PGO" spike type in Papio papio]. PMID- 821114 TI - [Cerebellum and photosensitive epilepsy in Papio papio: effects of cerebellar lesions on photosensitivity and visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 821115 TI - [Response to electric stimulation of the VL in the hemicerebellectomized baboon]. PMID- 821116 TI - [Application of telemetry in EEG of primates (1)]. PMID- 821117 TI - [Modifications of EEG in certain comas during prolonged parenteral alimentation]. PMID- 821118 TI - The fate of ME7 scrapie infection in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. AB - The fate of an intracerebral injection of ME7 scrapie has been followed in groups of rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Six days after injection scrapie activity in the brain was similar in all three species and low levels of activity were also present in rat and guinea-pig spleen. Thereafter in the rat the pattern of accumulation of scrapie agent in brain and spleen resembled that frequently described in mice, the disease becoming clinically manifest 20 months after injection. In guinea-pig and rabbit attempts to demonstrate scrapie agent at later stages of lifespan were generally unsuccessful. It is tentatively concluded that in these last two species replication of scrapie agent did not occur though in the guinea-pig there was some evidence that infection could persist for several months. An alternative explanation of the results is briefly discussed. PMID- 821119 TI - [Symmetric and asymmetric EEG in generalized primary and secondary epilepsy]. PMID- 821120 TI - [Psychomotor development as a criterion for evaluation of the effectiveness of diet therapy in phenylketonuria]. PMID- 821122 TI - [Hospital infections in pediatrics, a problem of current interest]. PMID- 821121 TI - [Value of dietetic treatment in phenylketonuria after late detection]. PMID- 821123 TI - [Detection of phenylketonuria with the Guthrie test in the Bucharest Child Neuropsychiatry Center]. PMID- 821124 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants]. PMID- 821125 TI - [Alveolo-interstitial Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 821126 TI - [Epidemiology of infant deaths at home and the problem of sudden death]. PMID- 821127 TI - [Tracheobronchial aspiration as a means of diagnosis in pulmonary pathology in children]. PMID- 821128 TI - [Autosome aberrations in recessive Fanconi anemia]. PMID- 821130 TI - [Failure of Rho (D) immunization in voluntary blood donors. Role of an inhibitory system]. PMID- 821129 TI - [Relationship between maternal HL-A immunization and familial prognosis of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility]. AB - The purpose of this work is to study the possible relationships between Rh and HLA foeto maternal immunizations and to evaluate the clinical implications of HLA antibodies in children with hemolytic disease of the newborn. 74 families including 246 children were investigated. These were divided into 3 groups on the basis of increasing severity of the hemolytic disease. HLA antibodies, with usually well defined specificity, were found in 32,43% of Rh immunized women. This incidence is analogous to that found in Rh non-immunized mothers. HLA immunization did not appear, through the present investigation, to influence the clinical course of the Rh hemolytic disease. PMID- 821131 TI - [A faulty blood transfusion]. PMID- 821132 TI - [Chronic Chagas : infection and epileptic syndromes]. PMID- 821134 TI - Hyperalimentation special nutrition therapy for the cancer patient. PMID- 821133 TI - [Survival of decompensated chronic Chagas' myocardiopathy]. PMID- 821135 TI - [A new associated spondylarthritis: rheumatoid spondylarthritis]. AB - The authors analyse 7 cases which presented the criteria of ankylosing spondylarthritis and HLA 27 positivity, together with those of defined or classical rheumatoid polyarthritis with positive results in the latex test and the Waaler-Rose reaction in the joint fluid and/or the serum. The sex distribution, 6 men and 1 woman, was the same as for that disease. The clinical manifestations were very variable, with a predominance of localized, peripheral oligoarthritis in the lower limbs. Repeated iritis occurred in three cases. Two presented subcutaneous nodules on the elbow. All cases showed bilateral sacroiliitis; syndesmophytosis was rare. The overall clinical picture indicated rather a combined spondylarthritis than pure spondylarthritis. It is suggested that the occurrence of spondylarthritis in a subject with the HLA 27 gene might modify the response to the etiological factors of rheumatoid arthritis. These cases may thus be considered as a new type of combined or secondary spondylarthritis. PMID- 821136 TI - Comparison between total and renal plasma clearance of [51Cr] EDTA. AB - The total plasma (Et) and renal plasma (Er) clearances of [51Cr]EDTA were measured simultaneously in 40 patients with a wide range of renal function. The regression equation was Et identical to 0.997 Er+4.1; the slope of the regression line was not significantly different from 1.00, and the intercept differed significantly from zero. The results suggest that [51Cr]EDTA has a significant extrarenal clearance of approximately 4 ml/min, independent of renal function. The data are used to correct the total [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance, measured by a simplified method, to yield a rapid, accurate, and precise measurement of glomerular filtration rate for routine clinical use. PMID- 821137 TI - A case of gamma heavy chain disease associated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: clinical, haematological, immunological and pathological details. AB - A 76-year-old Japanese man, presented with a case of gamma heavy chain disease associated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The clinical course progressed rapidly, accompanied by fever, lymphadenopathy, erythematous palate and hepatosplenomegaly. As the disease progressed, haemoglobin level gradually reduced, and jaundice occurred. A complication of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was deduced from the laboratory data obtained at this time. The patient's serum and urine contained an M-component with electrophoretic and antigenic properties resembling those of the Fc-fragment of G1 globulin. Microscopic and electron microscopic findings on the tumor cells infiltrating in lymphnodes indicated all types of transitional forms from small lymphocytes to large lymphoplasmoblastic cells. PMID- 821138 TI - Chemical and genetic characterization of a monoclonal IgA(lambda) protein with both cryo- and pyro-precipitability. AB - Studies of a monoclonal IgA (lambda) protein with both cryo- and pyro precipitability show that it belongs to the IgA2 subclass and is positive for the A2m(2) allotypic marker. Like other cryoglobulins, this protein also has an unblocked light chain, and its heavy chain belongs to the VHI subgroup. The first 22 N-terminal amino acids of the lambda chain of this protein showed less than 65% homology with those of other human lambda chains but showed 86% identity with that of an amyloid fibril protein reported by others. The alpha chain of this protein appears to have more glutamic acid or glutamine, or both, and less isoleucine residues than other human alpha chains. PMID- 821140 TI - Complex formation between secretory component and human immunoglobulins related to their content of J chain. AB - The J-chain content of 3 IgM and 24 IgA preparations was quantitated by an immunochemical technique after reduction with 20mM dithiothreitol. The amounts released ranged from undetectable (less than 0.1 mg) to 7.3 mg per 100 mg of Ig. Most of the J-chain-deficient proteins were monomeric, but four polymeric IgA preparations were found to contain only 0.2-0.8 mg of J chain per 100 mg. The SC binding capacity of these polymers, expressed as percentage of the amount added (2.5 mu g SC/100 mug Ig), was 6%-12% compared with 69%-82% for IgA and IgM polymers that contained more than 4.0 mg of J chain per 100 mg. Some monomeric IgA preparations showed a slight SC-binding capacity, which was explained by the presence of contaminating J-chain-positive polymers. Bound J chain therefore seems to be a structural prerequisite for a specific noncovalent complexing of Ig polymers with SC. PMID- 821139 TI - Natural infection of man with group A streptococci. Levels; restriction in class, subclass, and type; and clonal appearance of polysaccharide-group-specific antibodies. AB - The level of antibodies specific for the two serologically distinct polysaccharides of group A and group A-variant streptococci was investigated in human sera by a modified Farr technique. Whereas there was an obvious relationship between the anti-streptolysin O titer and the level of group-A specific antibodies, suggesting a recent streptococcal infection with group A streptococci, this correlation was not apparent for the level of group A-variant antibodies. There is evidence suggesting that children have significantly lower group A polysaccharide antibody levels than adults; this is not true of their group A-variant antibody levels. There was an apparent restriction of groups A- and A-variant-specific antibodies to the kappa light-chain type and IgG2 heavy chain subclass. Whereas only one serum contained group A-specific antibodies also associated with IgG3 heavy chains, nine sera contained anti-group A-variant specific antibodies with both IgG2 and IgG3 heavy chains. No anti-polysaccharide activity was detected in the IgM and IgA class of serum antibodies. Anti-group A and anti-group A-variant antibodies of human sera are restricted with respect to the number of clonotypes that are shown by isoelectric focusing. The most heterogeneous sera contained roughly ten clonotypes. PMID- 821141 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the bladder. AB - A case of neurofibromatosis of the bladder of a 19-year-old man is reported. If patients with cutaneous manifestations present urinary symptoms, bladder involvement should be suggested. When upper urinary tract dilatation is demonstrated urinary diversion above the bladder is recommended. PMID- 821143 TI - Clinical aspects of brucellosis. PMID- 821142 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a study of 46 cases with special reference to laboratory aspects. AB - A study of 46 cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis has been presented with special reference to laboratory aspects. Episodic airways obstruction and dual skin reaction to aspergillin were present in all the cases. Furthermore, there were pulmonary infiltrations in 91.1%, blood eosinophilia in 80.4%, precipitins in 91.3%, and sputum cultures repeatedly positive for A. fumigatus in 82.6% of the patients. It was observed that the multiplicity of precipitin bands corresponded to the higher recovery of A. fumigatus in culture. A. flavus and A. niger were recovered from 58.7 and 80.4% cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis respectively but dual skin reactions to these species occurred only in 47.6 and 26.2% and precipitins in 21.7 and 4.3% of cases, respectively. The findings are compatible with the poor allergenic and antigenic properties attributed to these two species in comparison with A. fumigatus. It is suggested that allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may not be too uncommon in India and it deserves greater attention in the differential diagnosis of chest diseases. PMID- 821144 TI - Aspergilus flavus and aflatoxin in Iowa corn before harvest. AB - Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin were detected in ears of Iowa corn on plants before harvest in 1975. Presence of the fungus was associated with kernel injury caused by the second generation European corn borer. Amounts of aflatoxin B1 in corn from a limited number of selected ears ranged from 1 part per billion to 1560 parts per billion with a mean of 430 parts per billion. PMID- 821145 TI - Asparaginase entrapped in red blood cells: action and survival. AB - As a strategy to avoid serious allergic reactions to the antitumor agent asparaginase, this enzyme was entrapped in autologous red blood cells before intravenous injection into monkeys. Additional advantages of this approach are prolonged enzyme half-life and targeting of this agent into the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 821146 TI - Complete covalent structure of a human IgA1 immunoglobulin. AB - The complete covalent structure has been determined for a human myeloma IgA1 immunoglobulin. This protein has unique features in the amino acid sequence and disulfide bridge structure of the variable (V) and constant (C) regions of both the alpha heavy and the lambda light chains, and in the number and loci of oligosaccharides. Whereas C region domains of heavy chains have evolved independently over eons, recent isotypic variations have occured in lambda light chains and possibly in alpha heavy chains. PMID- 821147 TI - Histone transition during spermiogenesis is absent in segregation distorter males of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Males homozygous for the segregation distorter chromosome are often sterile or nearly sterile as a result of the dysfunction of virtually all their sperm. Spermatid bundles from such males do not exhibit the normal transition from lysine-rich to arginine-rich histones. PMID- 821148 TI - [Long-term anticoagulant treatment of arterial diseases of the legs]. PMID- 821149 TI - Enteric fever surveillance in Singapore. PMID- 821150 TI - Control of enteric fever. PMID- 821151 TI - Amniocentesis: indications, technic, and complications. AB - Common indications for amniocentesis are to assess fetal maturity, to determine the prognosis of Rh isoimmunization, for genetic counseling, and occasionally to diagnose fetal distress or to localize the placenta. The percutaneous transabdominal technic is reviewed, and some of the common complications are discussed. PMID- 821152 TI - Evaluation of a topical enzymatic debridement agent--sutilains ointment: a preliminary report. AB - In a preliminary study of 18 patients, sutilains (Travase) ointment exhibited rapid, effective debridement in the treatment of burns, decubiti, and traumatic wounds; peripheral vascular ulcerations responded less predictably. The advantages of accelerated debridement are enumerated. PMID- 821153 TI - Acoustic neuroma in von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - Bilateral acoustic neuromas are common in von Recklinghausen's disease. Their surgical removal likely will produce total hearing loss unless the lesions are small and intracanalicular. Therefore, a posterior fossa myelogram is indicated in all patients when a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis is made. To preserve hearing in resection of small tumors, a middle fossa approach is appropriate. In lesions slightly larger than intracanalicular size, hearing may be preserved with a two-stage middle fossa and transsigmoid approach. The prospect of total hearing loss and even facial diplegia predisposes to surgical procrastination. However, the morbidity and mortality associated with removal of medium and large tumors may be greater for neurofibromatosis than for patients with singular acoustic neuromas. Therefore, we believe it is not advisable to postpone operation when tumors extend into the cerebral pontine angle, even though it means loss of hearing. PMID- 821154 TI - [Present-day state of the problem of blood substitutes and blood preparations]. PMID- 821155 TI - [Study of signs of children's predispositon to acute leukemia]. PMID- 821156 TI - [Various complications of diverticulosis]. PMID- 821157 TI - The Enterobacteriaceae of South African baboons. AB - The results of routine rectal swab examinations, carried out on 776 baboons on the day of arrival at the colony and also on 394 animals which subsequently developed diarrhoea, are described. A dramatic increase was observed in the incidence of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms during the diarrhoeic phase. The significance of bacterial species which are not pathogenic under normal circumstances as the possible cause of disease in animals subjected to stress is discussed. PMID- 821159 TI - [Non-macroglobulinaemic plasma cell dyscrasias i haematological analysis in one hundred cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 821158 TI - [Lymphoproliferative disorders with monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 821160 TI - Five years' experience with a right atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral nutrition at home. AB - The results with a cuffed silicon rubber right atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral nutrition are reported. In 43 patients, 78 catheters were inserted; of these, 52 were removed for various reasons. The mean duration of catheter patency in 26 patients currently infusing at home is 9.4 months. The high incidence of catheter-related septicemia previously reported by others has been reduced to one for every 5.5 patient years. The combination of soft Silastic material, catheter design, localization and easy handling by the patient have all contributed to its longer life span. It can be used with impunity whenever long term access to the circulation is needed. PMID- 821161 TI - Continuous pump-tube enteric hyperalimentation. AB - The enteric route remains an overlooked site of alimentation. An intact functioning gastrointestinal tract can and should be used, even if the patient will not or cannot eat. The use of continuous pump-tube feeding of liquid diets through a small caliber feeding tube into the distal part of the duodenum or proximal portion of the jejunum is superior to previous methods of bolus tube feeding through large bore tubes placed in the stomach. A small tube has been developed which is inserted easily and positioned in the distal portion of the duodenum or proximal part of the jejunum. This tube has excellent patient tolerance. A suitable pump is essential to success. Elemental diets are not needed for routine enteric alimentation. They are expensive and, because of their hyperosmolarity, require a period of patient adaptation. Isocal, a complete liquid diet, essentially isotonic and lactose-free, provides 1 calorie per milliliter and has been used successfully as a pump-tube feeding diet. It rapidly converts the nitrogen balance of patients from negative to positive when given in quantities exceeding 30 calories per kilogram of body weight. PMID- 821163 TI - Cerebral blood flow determinations by radioactive microspheres in the subhuman primate: influence of unilateral internal carotid ligation, hypercapnic acidosis, and hypocapnic alkalosis. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by electromagnetic and radioactive microsphere (RMS) techniques in the anubis baboon. Regional cerebral blood flows were calculated by distribution of intracardiac injections of RMS, labeled with one of three radionuclides: 51Cr, 85Sr, or 141Ce. In Group I (six animals, normocapnia), CBF's as estimated by electromagnetic measurement of internal carotid blood flow, were 65 +/- 10 and 74 +/- 4 (S.E.M.) ml. per minute per 100 Gm. for the right (RH) and left (LH) cerebral hemispheres, respectively; whereas CBF's as estimated by the RMS technique were 65 +/- 5 and 70 +/- 4 ml. per minute per 100 Gm., respectively, and these values were not significantly (p greater than 0.05) different. CBF, as determined by RMS techniques in Group 1, was not altered by unilateral internal carotid arterial ligation. In Group 2 (seven animals), arterial PCO2 was varied randomly from a low range (18 +/- 2 mm. Hg, L), to a middle range (PCO2 36 +/- 2, M), and a high range (PCO2 64 +/- 2, H), and CBF was measured by the RMS technique. During L, M, and H, CBF's were 44 +/- 10, 75 +/- 15, and 159 +/- 27 ml. per minute per 100 Gm., respectively, for RH, whereas CBF's were 44 +/- 10, 75 +/- 15, and 160 +/- 26 ml. per minute per 100 Gm., respectively, for LH. During H, RH and LH were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than during L and M. Changes in regional CBF were uniform throughout the brain. These data demonstrate the correlation between CBF, as estimated by electromagnetic and RMS techniques, as well as confirm the adequacy of collateral cerebral circulation during unilateral carotid arterial ligation in the baboon. The usefulness of the RMS technique for hemispheric and regional CBF measurements is prevented also. PMID- 821162 TI - Effect of fifty percent small bowel resection on gastric secretory function in rhesus monkeys. AB - Basal acid output (BAO) and histamine-stimulated acid output (MAO) were studied in 11 fasting rhesus monkeys. Serum gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were assayed in eight. Fifty percent distal small bowel resection was performed and the studies were repeated at 6 weeks and 6 months. Highly significant increases were seen in BAO (0.37 "/- 0.05 to 1.73 +/- 0.37 mEq. per hour; P less than 0.005) and MAO (1.7 +/- 0.22 to 3.21 +/- 0.45 mEq. per hour P less than 0.01) at 6 weeks. These levels persisted at 6 months. The ratio BAO:MAO increased throughout the experiment, the changes being significant at both time intervals. A significant rise was noted in the levels of both fasting serum gastrin (P less than 0.05) and GIP (P less than 0.01) during the early phase. By 6 months the levels of both hormones had fallen and were not significantly different from the control values. It was concluded that 50 percent small bowel resection causes a persistent increase in gastric acid secretion. No corresponding sustained change in serum gastrin or GIP occurs. PMID- 821164 TI - [Drug information for nurses. Sodium cromoglycate NFN (Lomudal). Therapeutic action group: asthma agents]. PMID- 821165 TI - [Effect of pharmacological preparations on the motor function of the esophagus and stomach in acute poisoning]. PMID- 821166 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of etimizol and intal in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 821167 TI - Glucose utilization by the salivary glands of the marmoset Saguinus oedipus. AB - Glucose utilization by the marmoset salivary glands was studied radioisotopically, both in vitro and in vivo. Surgically excised, minced parotid and submandibular glands from 7 adult animals were incubated in vitro in a medium containing uniformly labeled 14C glucose (glucose-UL-14C), then subjected to respirometry measurements and to extraction and separation procedures for the radioautographic isolation and identification of amino acids, organic acids, and glucose. Glucose utilization in vivo by the marmoset salivary glands was determined in 3 animals by analysis for 14C-containing amino acids, organic acids and glucose in pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva, following intraperitoneal injection of glucose-UL-14C. The whole saliva was fractionated, separated and processed for localization of radioactivity by the same methods that were used in the in vitro studies. The isolated and in situ salivary glands converted glucose UL-14C into 14C-containing carbon dioxide, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lactate. In no instance did the amount of 14C-glucose secreted in saliva exceed 0.52 mg/100 ml.. PMID- 821168 TI - Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by different pharmacological pathways. AB - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was provoked by standardized treadmill running for 6 minutes in 15 asthmatic children. The tests were carried out after the administration of a placebo, salbutamol, sodium cromoglycate, choline theophyllinate, and atrophine methonitrate aerosol in randomized fashion on different days. The mean post-exercise percent fall in peak expiratory flow rate was 45-2, 4-1, 19-6, 18-3, and 24-9 respectively. The proportion of children having significant amelioration of their EIA compared with those taking the placebo was 100% for salbutamol, 80% for cromoglycate and theophyllinate, and 60% for atropine. Salbutamol, choline theophyllinate, and atropine were bronchodilators at rest whereas cromoglycate was not, and the ability to suppress EIA was unrelated to bronchodilator effect. Even after bronchodilatation at rest, further broncho-dilatation occurred during the exercise period. PMID- 821169 TI - Doxycycline in serum and bronchial secretions. AB - The concentration of doxycycline hydrochloride was measured in serum and bronchial secretions in five patients with chronic bronchitis receiving doxycycline orally in normal therapeutic dosage for seven days (200 mg day 1, 100 mg days 2 to 7). After the loading dose of 200 mg, serum concentrations ranged between 5-40 and 3-45 mug/ml (mean 4-33 mug/ml) at 3 hours, declining to between 2-28 and 1-21 mug/ml (mean 1-71 mug/ml) at 23 hours. The mean serum levels for days 2 to 7 were 2-15, 1-79, and 1-38 at 3, 8, and 23 hours respectively. There was considerable individual variability and a wide range of concentrations of doxycycline in the sputum (0-07 to 2-10 mug/ml, mean 0-34 mug/ml). During the course of treatment there was a progressive increase in sputum levels and sputum/serum concentration ratios. There was no correlation between sputum concentration and degree of purulence. The clinical efficacy of doxycycline does not appear to be related to sputum concentration, although the progressive increase in sputum doxycycline levels may be relevant in preventing recurrence of acute infection when the drug is administered as long-term prophylactic therapy. PMID- 821170 TI - Serological diagnosis of tuberculosis: a report of 12 months' clinical experience. AB - This study reports the use of an agglutination test as a routine diagnostic aid for tuberculosis. We have found this to be both useful and reliable in clinical practice. The overall reliability was greater than 90%, 13 false results being obtained in the 222 patients tested. False negatives (4) were less common than false positives (9). The major advantage of the test is its speed, serological diagnosis being available overnight as compared with an average of one month for diagnosis by culture. PMID- 821171 TI - [The sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pyocyanic bacillus) to antiseptics and antibiotics. IX. Effect of culture media on the antiseptogram]. PMID- 821173 TI - [Drug residues in poultry (author's transl)]. AB - The following microbiological tests: the Bacillus subtilis BGA (Bundes Gesundheitsamt) test and Sarcina lutea test as well as the test bacteria Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis and E. coli were used to examine whether drug residues were detectable in broiler chickens during and after treatment with various drugs. With the exception of the occidiostat Esb3, residues were not found to be present using the two above tests. On the other hand, residues of a number of drugs were detected in some interior organs and faeces during treatment when the other test bacteria were used. Residues were no longer detected in the faeces, however, within twelve hours after treatment had been discontinued. PMID- 821172 TI - Stimulation of the non-specific resistance by Corynebacterium parvum and Bacillus calmette Guerin. AB - The effect of pretreatment of intravenously administered killed Corynebacterium parvum (CP) and living BCG was studied in various model systems. Both vaccines caused an increased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes, indicating macrophage activation. Only CP exerted a suppressive effect on T-cell-mediated immunological phenomena (skin allograft survival; antibody production to tetanus toxoid; expulsion of adult T. spiralis worms from intestine). Results of experiments with congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous thymus-bearing (+/nu) littermates indicated that CP can induce macrophage activation in the absence of functional T-cells, whereas BCG-induced stimulation is a T-cell-dependent phenomenon. PMID- 821174 TI - [Synthetic antimycotica (author's transl)]. AB - In addition to the antimycotic antibiotics described in a previous paper (Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., 101, 900-904, (1976)), the drugs used in the treatment of dermatomycosis include a fairly large number of synthtic compounds showing a wide variety of chemical structures. These are partly old and occasionally even obsolete agents (often in use as early as prior to 1945); a number of these drugs are of more recent date. They will be discussed in the present paper. So far as is known, the physicochemical and pharmacotoxicological properties, antifungal range, mechanisms of action and preparations will be reviewed. PMID- 821175 TI - The antecubital organ of the primate slow loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang). AB - A study of the 'antecubital organ' of the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang), was undertaken in light and electron microscopes. As distinct from other prosimian primates there is a complete absence of interstitial cells in the gland suggesting its different functional role. The acinar cells in the 'antecubital organ', of slow loris contain large number of smooth ER and electron dense secretory granules. The granules are seen both in the apical region of the cells as well as in their basal cytoplasmic processes. Some of these processes appear to terminate close to a blood capillary. The structural features of the 'antecubital organs' of slow loris suggest that it is a mixed gland of both exocrine and endocrine nature. PMID- 821176 TI - The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the appearance of granulated vesicles in glomus cells of the rat carotid body. AB - The glomus cells of the rat carotid body reveal an intense fluorescence after exposure to paraformaldehyde vapor and contain catecholamines. After initial fixation in glutaraldehyde, many granulated vesicles are seen in the glomus cells. After initial fixation in osmium tetroxide, most of the vesicles are depleted of their dense interiors and granulated vesicles occur infrequently. Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine followed by initial fixation in osmium tetroxide leads to the reapperance of dense interiors in virtually all vesicles. 6-Hydroxydopamine apparently is taken up by the membrane pump of the glomus cell and is incorporated into the amine storage granules, thereby displacing the endogenous monoamines. Osmium tetroxide does not dissolve the 6-hydroxydopamine from the vesicles, as it apparently does for the normal vesicular contents. The 6 hydroxydopamine does not fluoresce, hence 6-hydroxydopamine administration results in a decreased intensity of formaldehyde induced fluorescence in the glomus cells. Administration of reserpine after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment (and subsequent initial fixation in osmium tetroxide) depletes the previously restored dense material from the vesicles of the glomus cells. 6-Hydroxydopamine acts like a monoamine in that it is taken up by the glomus cell, incorporated into the vesicles, and can be depleted from the vesicles by reserpine. PMID- 821177 TI - Hemoglobin A1 quantity in individual red cells of normal adults. AB - HbA1 weight in individual red cells, amounting to 13,746, was quantitatively determined in 72 male and 17 female healthy adults. The red cells were besmeared on the anti-HbA1 serum agarose plate and the precipitation rings formed were measured from the size printed on sheets of printing paper. HbA1 weight in individual cells was calculated from the calibration curve prepared specially for HbA1, weight in a red cell and the volume of a precipitation ring. HbA1 weight in individual cells ranged from 4.7 to 62.6 pg and averaged 23.7 pg. The mean HbA1 weight in individual cells per head ranged from 18.1 to 34.0 pg and averaged 26.4+/-4.3 pg. No difference in the mean HbA1 weight was found between male and female adults, and among the age groups of them. Average ratio of the mean HbA1 weight in individual cells to the total hemoglobin in the average red cell was 87.4%. The HbA1 weight in the average red cell was determined from HbA1 concentration and red cell counts of the whole blood. The correlation coefficient between the mean HbA1 weight in individual cells and the HbA1 weight in the average red cell was 0.546 (p less than 0.001). PMID- 821179 TI - The influence of molecular structure on the retention and excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls by the mouse. PMID- 821178 TI - Study of subacute toxicity of manganese dioxide in monkeys. PMID- 821180 TI - Bee venom phospholipase A2; effects on Drosophila larvae, HeLa cells and membranes. PMID- 821181 TI - [Congenital skull changes in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. AB - Congenital skull changes in neurofibromatosis are uncommon. Maybe for this reason, they are often misinterpreted, consequently resulting in expensive examinations and unnecessary treatments. However, if correctly evaluated, the corresponding radiological findings represent characteristic and pathognomonic signs of the disease. Three cases of neurofibromatosis are reported, the symptoms presented in detail and the pertinent differential diagnosis discussed. PMID- 821182 TI - [An integrated measurement system for betatron systems used in radiotherapy]. AB - A new measuring system is described which is able to measure the dose applicated by a betatron by means of two redundant dose monitors and to control the dose distribution by a special chamber arrangement. The measuring system is completed by control equipments and a digital dose rate and energy measuring unity. PMID- 821183 TI - Rhesus monkey platelet kinetics and storage. AB - Rhesus monkey platelets that are separated, 51Cr labeled, and transfused provide yields, 1/2 time and survivals similar to those obtained in man. Rhesus platelets prepared and stored at room temperature for three days have 93 per cent of the yield of fresh platelets. When prepared and stored at 4C, the yield is only 54 per cent of fresh platelets. Rhesus repeatedly transfused with platelets from random unmatched donors always have a significant decrease in the platelet 1/2 time and survival. This was observed after the second homologous transfusion in one and after the third in others. The rhesus provides an excellent platelet model with thrombocyte responses mimicking those of man. PMID- 821184 TI - A fresh, viable human heart valve bank: sterilization, sterility testing, and cryogenic preservation. PMID- 821185 TI - A model of integrated community health care. Community health care in a rural area. PMID- 821186 TI - Brucellosis: the situation in Western Nigeria. AB - Over 55% of 7161 people examined in different parts of Western Nigeria have positive Brucella abortus-antibodies in their sera. Higher incidence of titres were found among dairy farmers and slaughtermen than in the general population. The rates of infection among the human and the cattle populations in two farms studied were very similar. There was evidence of high rate of cross-infections going on in one of these farms: more than 63% of the herd in this farm showed serological evidence of active brucellosis. The socio-economic implications of high incidence of bovine brucellosis in a rapidly developing country, like Nigeria, are outlined. The need for the establishment of public health laboratories to facilitate early diagnosis of active disease and the necessity for full collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions for the proper control (and eradication) of brucellosis in Nigeria are discussed. PMID- 821187 TI - Role of the micropore in nutrition of the Sporozoa. Ultrastructural study of Plasmodium cathemerium, Eimeria ferrisi, E. stiedai, Besnoitia jellisoni, and Frenkelia sp. PMID- 821188 TI - [Electron microscope studies on developmental stages of Theileria parva (Theiler, 1904) in the intestine of the tick Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844) (author's transl)]. AB - The developmental stages of Theileria parva within the intestine of ticks were studied by electron microscopy. On the 2nd-4th day post repletionem (p.r.) the intestine of the ticks contained numerous stages, which were very similar to microgamonts and microgametes of haemosporidia. From these results it seemed likely that gamogony of Theileria parva takes place in the intestine of ticks, too. The microgamont-like stages were spear-head-like; they measured about 10.5 mum in length with a maximum diameter of about 2.1 mum in their middle region. These parasites, which were limited by a unit membrane, had a stiletto-like apex, several flagellar-like protrusions of about 3 mum in length and mostly two slender posterior protrusions. The stiletto-like structure was electron-dense and measured about 2.0 mum in length; at its base it appeared spongy consisting of coiled, fibrillar elements of about 20 nm in diameter. Up to 4 flagellar-like protrusions were found in cross sections originating near the base of the stiletto-like structure. At most, up to six microtubules were seen within these protrusions, which, however, at their free ends usually contained only two microtubules. Near the base of the stiletto-like structure two groups of additional microtubules began. One group ran beneath a third of the peripheral margin to the posterior cell pole. The other group was bundle-like arranged. In cross sections through the posterior slender protrusions of the parasite about 10 microtubules appeared in an irregular pattern. The slender posterior protrusions had nearly double dimensions of the flagellar-like protrusions. PMID- 821189 TI - Studies on Theileriidae (Sporozoa) in Tanzania. II. Serological characterization of Haematoxenus veliferus. AB - Piroplasm antigen of Haematoxenus veliferus, prepared from cattle with a high parasitaemia, showed the presence of antibodies to this parasite in infected animals, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. A positive titre may persist for at least 4 months, and marginal titres for at least 8 months. There was no cross-reaction in the IFA test with either T. parva or T. mutans. PMID- 821191 TI - [Cytogenetic effects of irradiation in a primary culture of Macaca mulatta kidneys. II]. PMID- 821190 TI - Trypanocidal effect of diamidine 98/202 in experimental Trypanosoma rhodesiense infection of the stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides). AB - The trypanocidal effect of preparation 98/202, a 6-Amidino-2-(4'-amidinophenyl) thionaphthene dilactate, was investigated in 4 stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense (strain: Hamburg, 1962), of which 2 animals had been treated previously with diminazene and pentamidine, respectively. The curative treatment with preparation 98/202 was carried out in all cases in the late stage of infection; at the beginning of treatment 3 of the 4 animals had already shown malaise with distinct affection of the central nervous system. The individual dose was 5 mg/kg (base) and was given by deep intramuscular injection on 2, 3 or 4 consecutive days. During the trial period elimination of the parasites from the blood was observed in all monkeys, and in 3 out of 4 animals also in the liquor cerebrospinalis. In one animal a parasitological cure could be demonstrated. Two animals died as a result of the very advanced infection, one animal had to be killed prematurely because of numerous deep skin necroses without healing tendency. In 2 animals previously treated with diminazene and pentamidine, respectively, the T. rhodesiense strain developed a distinct resistance to pentamidine, diminazene and preparation 98/202. The resistance induced with pentamidine against diminazene and preparation 98/202, however, was only transitory and disappeared after withdrawal of the preparation. A brief description of the course of infection is given and possible sites of action of preparation 98/202 are discussed. PMID- 821193 TI - [A study of the polyploid nuclei of the giant trophoblast cells of several species of rodents using phase contrast microscopy]. AB - Patterns of chromosome morphology in high polyploid trophoblast nuclei of placenta were compared in the rat, rabbit and Microtus arvalis. In the rat and rabbit placenta two types of nuclei were recognized. Some nuclei have ribbon-like chromosomes, while others display thin oligotene fibrils with paired chromomers evenly distributed throughout all karyoplasm. In the latter case, the polytenic structure of chromosomes is seen preserved only near the nucleoli. In the rat and rabbit trophoblast nuclei, the ribbon-like polytene chromosomes could be distinguished only with phase contrast microscopy. In the trophoblast nuclei of Microtus arvalis polytene chromosomes were found only at early stages of embryonic development (9 day old embryo). On later stages of cell differentiation, the chromosomes or chromosome rosetts are seen. Similarities in mechanisms of polyploidization in the high polyploid nuclei of Diptera and in trophoblast nuclei of rodents are discussed. PMID- 821192 TI - [The effect of hydroxymethyl derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on its metabolism and toxic action in tissue culture]. AB - The naturally occurring hydroxymethyl derivatives of the carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was found to inhibit the metabolic hydroxylation and toxic effect of this carcinogen in mouse embryo fibroblast-like cell culture. The greatest reduction of both effects was obtained when 12-hydroxymethyl-7 methylbenz(a)anthracene was added to the growth medium, less effective were, resp., 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz(a)-anthracene and 7-hydroxymethyl-12 methylbenz(a)anthracene. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the intracellular regulation of carcinogenic hydrocarbon metabolism. PMID- 821194 TI - [Frequency of radiation-induced exchanges in simian marker chromosomes]. AB - The symmetric and asymmetric exchange frequencies of marked (nucleolus forming) chromosomes were studied in the lymphocytes and epithelial kidney cells irradiated by X-rays at Go, both in vivo and in vitro. Symmetric and asymmetric exchange frequencies were found to be equal. In both the types of Macaca mulatta cells, the exchange frequency in the long arm appeared to be higher than theoretically expected. The increased exchange in the long arm is thought to be due to a greater quantity of late replicating heterochromatin in it. The short arm of marked chromosome of epithelial kidney cells enters the exchange in accordance to its length in mitosis, but exchange number in the short arm chromosome in lymphocytes is lower than in epithelial cells. This difference is caused by different functioning of the nucleolus forming heterochromatin. PMID- 821195 TI - Bacteriophage typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in South East England. AB - The species Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be subdivided by its susceptibility to lysis by bacteriophages. In this study 300 strains have been typed with six phages to determine the prevalence of various phage types in South East England. The distribution of the phage types is considered in relation to the patients' racial origins and the clinical presentation of disease, whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary. The technical aspects of phage typing are described and modifications of existing techniques are discussed. PMID- 821196 TI - The detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microplate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has proved to be a potentially useful technique for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. The technique is capable of full automation. The use of a purified antigen should further improve the sensitivity of the method. PMID- 821197 TI - [Complications of infraclavicular catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 821198 TI - Absorption of drugs from the bladder and intravesical chemotherapy. PMID- 821199 TI - Intraprostatic Injections of various antitumour compounds into rats: Part II. Chronic effects. AB - Histopathological studies were carried out at intervals of one, two and three months after a single injection of one of seven antitumour compounds into the prostates of adult male CR rats. The histological findings indicate mainly a long term effect of the compounds tested on the glandular epithelium of the rat prostate. The effect is strictly local and no side effects were seen. PMID- 821200 TI - Permeability of the bladder mucosa to thiotepa, adriamycin, and daunomycin in men and rabbits. AB - The permeability of the bladder mucosa to thiotepa and to the anthraquinonic antibiotics, adriamycin and daunomycin, was investigated both in humans and in experimental animals. Instillations in rabbits were performed either in intact males or in animals with ligated ureters. Absorption of thiotepa was significantly higher than that of the antibiotics both in men and in rabbits. Furthermore, a qualitative difference was observed in rabbits in relation to time and with regard to fixation to vesical tissues. In man, absorption was highest after transurethral surgery. It was also increased in cases with extensive anaplastic tumours or in the presence of acute inflammatory reactions. PMID- 821201 TI - Hydronephrosis of pregnancy. AB - This review was done because most texts and some recent reviews do not recognize the obstructive cause. It is important only because of the high incidence of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy. This is so common that it has been given a special name, "pyelitis of pregnancy". We have shown in the monkey that bacteria when introduced into the ureter under low pressure does not often cause pyelonephritis unless associated with ureteral obstruction. The presence of bacteria even with partial ureteral obstruction increases the chances of acute pyelonephritis. Care must thus be taken to eradicate bacteriuria during pregnancy to prevent acute pyelonephritis as has been shown by Kass, especially since vesicoureteral reflux occurs more frequently in the pregnant than nonpregnant primate. When we understand the obstructive cause of hydronephrosis of pregnancy and the effect of positional change, therapy will be more effective. The left lateral position then will not only relieve the pain of acute hydronephrosis of pregnancy but will also greatly assist in the therapy of acute pyelonephritis of pregnancy since it will relieve the associated ureteral obstruction. PMID- 821202 TI - Shear-induced aggregation and lysis of platelets. PMID- 821203 TI - Processed human umbilical cord veins for vascular reconstructive surgery. PMID- 821204 TI - Long-term effect of dialysate glucose on the lipid levels of maintenance hemodialysis patients. AB - The long term use of a glucose free dialysate in a group of 15 maintenance hemodialysis patients is associated with a significant decrease in serum cholesterol in 50% of the patients and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides in 25%. The lipid changes appear to be independent of changes in body weight. Hyperlipidemia is believed to be an associated risk factor in the genesis of atherosclerosis in the general population and perhaps in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The long term correction or palliation of the hyperlipidemia of some maintenance hemodialysis patients by the use of glucose free dialysate may be beneficial. PMID- 821205 TI - Application of aldehyde treatments to cardiovascular devices. AB - Biolized natural and synthetic materials represent a new class of materials. Aldehyde treatment of natural tissue creates cross-links in the collagen molecules while retaining mechanical strength and collagen structure. Synthetic polymers can also be biolized by the addition of protein and aldehyde treatment. Cross-linked materials such as these are resistant to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. The procedure for the aldehyde treatment of natural tissue and protein polymer composites has been established, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated an improved blood compatibility. Long-term survival with TAH and LVAD implanted animals has shown the successful application of these materials without the use of anticoagulants. Pseudoneointima growth occurs on these surfaces, and results to date indicate growth stabilization within 2 wks of impalntation. Studies are currently underway to fully characterize the pseudoneointima formed on the biolized surfaces of cardiac prostheses. PMID- 821206 TI - [Local gnotobiological isolation in treatment of infected wounds]. PMID- 821207 TI - Biopsy cytology of mast cell tumor. PMID- 821208 TI - [Hormonal methods of increasing fertility in swine]. AB - Experiments were carried out to raise the conception rate in sows during the summer season under industrial conditions of breeding. Eight test groups of 365 animals were formed as well as four control ones with 137 pigs. The sucking period lasted 28 to 33 days. When in estrus the sows were mated with boars twice at a 24-hour interval. In five groups that were dried up from July to September was recorded the effect of several kinds of gonadotropic hormones administered alone or in combination with vitamin E and steroid hormones -- Gravohormone Tolligon, an oil emulsion of PMS (500 IU), with 250 Chorulon and 2 mg estradiol benzoicum; an oil solution of PMS (500 IU) with 2 mg estradiol, 25 mg testosterone and 30 mg vitamin E. During the same period three other groups of test sows were formed to use steroid hormones such as Gravignost, an oil solution of 2 mg estradiol benzoicum, and 40 mg testosterone propionate as well as the same preparation in combination with 30 mg vitamin E. The deterioration of the temperature and humidity regime in the summer at the industrial pig-breeding complexes was shown to inhibit the manifestation of estrus and lower the conception rate in sows. Either alone or in combination with vitamin E and estradiol the gonadotropic hormones largely raised the per cent of animals manifesting estrus for ten days in summer after weaning their piglets (89 to 100 per cent) as well as the number of lively born offsprings per sow (9.8 to 11.3). The optimal doses used were as follows: Gravohormone, 13--14 IU/kg liveweight; Folligon or PMS, 6--7 IU per kg; and choriogonadotropin at the rate of 500 IU per sow. One the other hand, the steroid hormonal preparations bring about estrus of a lower quality leading to a low conception rate and fertility at first insemination, disturb the sexual cyclicity. They should not be administered alone as cycle starters in pig-breeding. PMID- 821209 TI - [Some biochemical studies of Listeria monocytogenes strains]. AB - A total of 231 strains of Listeria organisms have been isolated during the last 14 years from adult sheep, lambs, fetuses, and ensilaged forage. Their differentiation have shown that 67 of them belong to the 1 st serotype, 77 -- to 4 c, and 26 have been determined as strains of the 5th serotype. The biochemical study on 170 of the strains have revealed that: more of them, belong to the 1 st, 4 c, and 5 th serotype break down dextrose, trehalose, levulose, salycin, esculin, ramnose, and glycerin. They do not produce hydrogen sulfide and indol, do not liquefy gelatin, and are negative for adonite and inulin. Not all prove catalase-Foges-Proskauer- and methylred--positive. PMID- 821210 TI - [Find of enterococci in sour cream and butter]. AB - Studied was the enterococcus count in cream intended for the production of butter. It was found that in about 33 per cent of the cream samples the enterococcus titer varies within the 0.1+range, and in 66 per cent it is 0.01, up to and below 0.0001. It was likewise established that after the churning process is over and after the washing of the butter product more than 90 per cent of the enterococcus microflora has passed into the buttermilk and the waste water. The enterococcus count in the butter was found to be limited: 93 per cent of the butter samples have 0.1 and higher titers, and at least 7 per cent of them are with titers ranging from 0.01 up to 0.001. Prevailing are ususally the species of the fecalis group and in the first place Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens. Suggested are standard norms concerning the admissible numbers of Enterococcus bacteria in butter. For example, superior quality butter should have a titer of 1, and first quality butter --0.1. PMID- 821212 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination via glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes for determining anti-anthrax antibodies]. AB - The so-called passive hemagglutination reaction is used in this country to determine the serum level of anthrax antibodies in immunized individuals. Use is made of an erythrocyte diagnostic means prepared from formalin- and tannin treated sheep erythrocytes that have been sensibilized with a protective anthrax antigen. An attempt has been made to replace this means by another one obtained by treating the same erythrocytes with glutaric aldehyde. Comparative studies reveal that the new diagnostic means is equally effective in the passive hemaglutination reaction as is the classic method using formalin- and tannin treated erythrocytes. The suggested method of erythrocyte treatment proves more feasible, and, according to preliminary data, the new diagnostic means has longer shelf-life. PMID- 821211 TI - [Cyst formation in the ovaries of cows]. AB - Used were 36 ovarian cysts to obtain an extract-antigen (ASTs) from their walls. Obtained were also an antiserum against ASTs cyst fluid, and bovine serum. Immunodiffusions and immunoelectrophoregrams of the ASTs antigens were carried out. Cyst and follicle fluids and blood sera from cystic and normal cows were likewise used in a diffusion with antisera against them. On the other hand, immunodiffusions and immunoelectrophoregrams were made with absorbed (exhausted) antisera and the antigens studied. The absorption was performed with heterologous antigens. The following results were obtained: 1. Variations exist as to the number, type, and distribution of the protein fractions. 2. When absorption has been carried out with heterologous antigens a specific protein fraction for ASTs and cyst fluid is established in the zone of the betaglobulins, which is lacking in the other antigens studied. The presence of this fraction points to the fact that the cyst fluid and the wall extract have a common origin. 3. The formation of the ovarian cysts is conditioned by the deficiency of iodine, the hypofunction of the thyroid gland, the disturbances of the nervous and hormonal correlation, etc., leading to functional and structural changes in the ovaries as well as to changes in the antigenic composition of the follicles and their walls. PMID- 821213 TI - [Care of patients with acute cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 821215 TI - [Importance of health education in our activities]. PMID- 821214 TI - [Need to protect personnel from the radiology service, and the general population, against ionizing radiation]. PMID- 821216 TI - [Half a century of activities of the institute for auxiliary personnel]. PMID- 821218 TI - [Role of the medical assistant in cases of buccal hemorrhages in the stomatology office]. PMID- 821219 TI - [Hygiene and educational needs in closed children's centers]. PMID- 821217 TI - [Prevention and treatment of accidents occurring due to the use of radiopaque substances]. PMID- 821220 TI - [Study of medical assistants' activities in obstetric offices of the urban medical dispensaries]. PMID- 821221 TI - [History of the founding of the school of nursing in Rumania]. PMID- 821223 TI - [The surgical procedure and preoperative preparation of the cardiac patient]. PMID- 821222 TI - [Role of auxiliary personnel in the prevention of risk factors of infant morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 821224 TI - [Menus "a la carte" for the cardiovascular patient]. PMID- 821225 TI - [Child welfare centers between the 2 world wars]. PMID- 821226 TI - [Postoperative monitoring of cardiac patients]. PMID- 821227 TI - [Pre and postoperative care and diet in cardiovascular patients]. PMID- 821228 TI - [Doctor George Constantin Roja (1786-1847) on the origin of the Rumanian language]. PMID- 821230 TI - [Improved postgraduate courses, a major problem in the present stage of development]. PMID- 821229 TI - [Educational role of kindergartens. Possibilities and limitations of health personnel in the development of the educational process]. PMID- 821231 TI - [Maintenance of water, ionic and acid-base equilibrium in the immediate postoperative period following cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 821232 TI - [Organization of patient nutrition]. PMID- 821233 TI - [Physicians and healers from Oltenia at the beginning of the 19th century]. PMID- 821234 TI - [Emergency treatment of acute myocardial infarction (at the onset and during the first 3 days of evolution)]. PMID- 821235 TI - The endothelial surface of growing coronary collateral arteries. Intimal margination and diapedesis of monocytes. A combined SEM and TEM study. AB - Slowly progressing coronary artery stenosis leading to complete occlusion within about 3 weeks was produced in dogs. Within this time collateral vessels had enlarged sufficiently to prevent myocardial infarction. Early, intermediate, and late (1 year after occlusion) stages of collateral development were studied with the scanning and transmission electron microscope. Early after coronary occlusion the number of endothelial cells per unit inner vascular surface had markedly increased and longitudinal bulges appeared in growing collaterals as opposed to the completely flat inner surface of small normal coronary arteries. The surface of many endothelial cells appeared rough and large numbers of monocytes adhered to the inner vascular surface. The endothelial cells formed three types of patterns: streams, whorls, and nonoriented mosaics suggesting different types of flow-jets, eddies, and lowshear flow, respectively. The existence of nonlaminar flow patterns could well be explained by the extremely tortuous course of collaterals and by segmental caliber changes (microstenoses) resulting from irregularities of the internal elastic lamina. Later stages showed a tendency toward normal endothelial cell density, flattening of bulges, and absence of microstenoses. A completely normal inner surface was, however, never observed in midzone segments although the observation period extended up to 1 year after coronary occlusion. PMID- 821236 TI - Cyto- and histomorphogenesis of the prostate carcinoma. A comparative light- and electron-microscopic study. AB - The fundamental histologic proliferation patterns of the prostate carcinoma are presented by the glandular and solid and/or cribriform structures. These were ultrastructurally analyzed from 28 carcinomas based on the cell forms in prostate carcinomas, which were already defined by electron microscope. These are characterized by their different cytoplasmic differentiation, whereby the singular cell types each represent a different functional state of a common tumor cell. The results indicate that the prostatic carcinoma develops morphologically in phases. The well-known growth patterns of the tumor are equivalent to its different states of development. In the first phase, a pattern develops out of a tumor stem cell (perhaps "primary atypical reserve cell"), which is either glandular or solid/cribriform, whereas this depends on the trend of the tumor cells to differentiate. The glandular structure possesses centrifugally proliferated glandular, often functionally deranged tumor cells, and shows signs of early stromal infiltration. The solid/cribriform pattern consists of centripetal proliferated, often less-differentiated tumor cells with or without lumen formation, and a peripheral layer of basal cells, whereby the idiopathic stroma architecture remains as it is. In the successive phase, stroma infiltration and destruction is distinctly marked durinaplastic" during tumor growth. Histologically, one often sees at this stage an "anaplastic" pattern; however, ultrastructurally its orign can be recognized as being glandular or solid/cribriform. The advanced stages of the tumor are furthermore characterized by a mixed cell pattern with all states of differentiation and by progressing tumor cell degeneration. PMID- 821237 TI - Squamous epithelial cancer in metaplastic pleura following extrapleural pneumothorax for pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - During the period 1947-1955, 148 patients underwent extrapleural pneumolysis for pulmonary tuberculosis in Stockholm City Chest Hospital at Soderby. In 121 tuberculosis healed following operation. Ten of these later developed pain and a feeling of tension on the operated side and were operated upon with evacuation of the extrapleural sac. In four of them a highly differentiated keratinizing aquamous cell carcinoma had developed. In addition, two more cases of carinomas of the same type operated on at other hospitals are described. Five of the six patients died of cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma occurring in metaplastic mesothelial cells has hitherto not been reported on and the phenomenon is discussed and compared with the more common scar cancers within lung tissue caused by damage from tuberculosis. PMID- 821238 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder. AB - A primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder in a 44-years-old man is presented. The typical pathologic findings in the now eight reported cases are analysed. The clinical course of the present case was determined by multiple metastases to the brain. The histogenesis of these rare tumors of the gallbladder is still obscure. PMID- 821239 TI - [On a directed lipid infiltration in human tendon collagen (author's transl)]. PMID- 821240 TI - [The specific gravity of the excitation formation and conduction system of the heart compared to the working myocardium as an indication of differences in structure and composition (author's transl)]. AB - Samples of heart conducting system tissue and samples of ordinary heart muscle (left heart, right heart, and septum interventriculare) were taken from the hearts of 50 prime-conditioned bulls. The specific gravity of the heart conducting system was significantly higher than that of ordinary heart muscle. This is surprising because it cannot be explained by a difference in water content. The question arises whether or not there are differences in the composition of protein and in the content of glycogen. PMID- 821241 TI - C3b and c3d receptor sites on human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The presence of C3 receptor sites on WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts was reported in the previous paper. In this report we wish to describe that WI-38 fibroblasts carry C3b and C3d receptor sites on the cell surfaces. PMID- 821242 TI - Studies on coexistence and intercellular communication. Scanning electron microscopy for early stages of co-culturing of normal mesothelial cells and mouse ascites tumor cells in vitro. AB - Mouse ascites tumor cells (MAT-cells) were co-cultured with mesothelial cells of the mouse. During early stages of coexistence (30-60 min) the mesothelial cells show fingerlike protrusions formed mostly at their flanks pointing towards MAT cells in the neighbourhood. Obviously there is a directional response of the mesothelial cells to the existence of MAT-cells. The mesothelial cells are the most active partner at the beginning of coexistence. Later on MAT-cells also develop fingerlike protrusions which grow towards the mesothelial cells. A network of fingerlike protrusions is formed in the region between MAT-cells and mesothelial cells when they come near to each other. The advantages of the system serving as a model for investigations on intercellular communication are discussed. PMID- 821243 TI - Vascular injury in transplanted tissues. Fine structural changes in tumor, adult, and embryonic blood vessels. AB - Adult, embryonic and tumor tissues from the rat were grafted to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo. Fine structural changes in the microvasculature of the transplants were compared, with emphasis on the condition of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in tumor grafts appeared irreversibly injured 2 h after grafting and most had degenerated by 8 h. In normal adult tissues, endothelial cells disintegrated more slowly, but lipid accumulation and blebbing leading to occlusion of vascular lumina, were prominent by 1 day. Cells were swollen and vacuolated 2 days after grafting and most were disrupted by 3 days. Embryonic endothelial cells were only mildly damaged and vessel lumina were patent for up to 3 days. Vessels were then reperfused with chick blood. It is concluded that the microvasculature in tumor tissue is extremely susceptible to ischemic damage and that this phenomenon may be involved in the central necrosis which develops in many animal tumors after they grow beyond a small size. Furthermore, only blood vessels and endothelium in embryonic tissues were sufficiently resistant to ischemic changes so that the graft microvasculature could be reperfused. PMID- 821244 TI - The peripheral kinetics of human radiolabelled eosinophils. AB - Peripheral kinetics of eosinophils were studied in three subjects with normal hematological conditions after a puls labelling with 0.1 mu Ci 3HTdR per g bodyweight. The computer recorded labelling index curves (LI) presented an undulating course in all three subjects. Eosinophils proved to disappear randomly. The emergence time of 13 h was followed by the first LI peak of 17%. 80 h p.i. a massive immigration of highly labelled cells with a LI value of 58% was encountered. 50% of eosinophils remained labelled up to 11th day p.i. Cells with different labelling intensities arrayed to grain groups presented a clear synchronism of their LI-curves which become less clear with time. The mean t/2 value for all labelling intensities amounted to 8 h. Cells with low labelling intensities had a longer and the highly labelled eosinophils a much shorter t/2 values. These effects suggest the existence of two proliferating eosinophil precursor pools: a rapid and a slow one. The early influx of low labelled as well as the late emergence of great number of highly labelled eosinophils are in good accord with this assumption. The time span for S-phase indirectly calculated revealed 13 h. The myelocyte generation time was estimated with 34 h. Both values were found to well agree with the corresponding data for other granulocytes as reported on, in the literature. PMID- 821245 TI - Skeletal muscle regeneration in myopathic hamsters of strain BIO 8262. AB - Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied in polymyopathic hamsters of the strain BIO 8262 by autoradiography. Flash labeling with 3H-thymidine revealed high labeling indices of mononuclear cells in areas with muscle cell necroses and low labeling of "interstitial cells". However, no labeled nuclei were present in myotubes. Three days after multiple injections of the radioisotope, labeled nuclei in the myotubes were present. The mean labeling intensity of these nuclei was slightly elevated on the 15th day. On the third day after multiple 3H thymidine injections nearly all mononuclear cells were labeled; but their labeling indices slightly decreased until the 15th day. From the decrease of labeling intensity, a high turnover rate of these cells may be assumed. Labeled myotubes appeared in the neighborhood of mononuclear cells as well as in areas without pronounced round cell infiltrations. From labeled myotubes in areas with round cell infiltrations it may be concluded that they arose by fusion of rapidly proliferating satellite cells, which may be constituents of the mononuclear cell population. Labeled myotubes that appeared outside areas of mononuclear cell infiltrations may have been caused by fusion of slow proliferating satellite cells. Despite the fact of a high regeneration capacity of muscle in hamsters of the strain BIO 8262, this process is not sufficient to completely restore the muscle necroses. PMID- 821246 TI - [On the influence of hypoxia on the sinus endothelial cells of rat liver. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic investigation (author's transl)]. AB - Fine structural alterations of liver sinusoids in young and adult albino rats breathing 6% oxygen in nitrogen at normal atmospheric pressure for periods from 3 to 30 h were described by use of TEM and SEM. After short-term hypoxia the fenestrated areas of endothelial cells were partially destroyed. After long--term hypoxia wide gaps could be visualized in the endothelium, too. In the liver specimens of all hypoxic animals electron lucent membrane bounded blebs arose from the endothelial lining. Cytoplasmic protrusions of hepatocytes bulged into the sinusoidal lumen. In the space of Disse and the sinusoidal lumen bleblike corpuscles and parts of cytoplasmic membrane being discharged from liver cell vacuoles could be observed. The find structure of liver sinusoids in hypoxia was very similar in young and adult albino rats. The findings suggest a discharge of metabolites and cellular components from endothelial cells and hepatocytes in a state of energetic insufficiency by forming cellular blebs and protrusions. It was supposed, that the combined effects of hypoxia and shearing of circulating blood were responsible for the development of holes and gaps in the endothelial lining. PMID- 821247 TI - Isolation and characterization of a cyanophage infecting the unicellular blue green algae A. nidulans and S. cedrorum. PMID- 821248 TI - The contrast sensitivity of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 821249 TI - [Different aspects of the limit of the tapetum lucidum in prosimians]. PMID- 821251 TI - Visual acuity and visual responsiveness in dark-reared monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 821250 TI - Morphology of the retina and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in dark-reared monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 821253 TI - [The effect of enzyme preparations used in the food industry on the enzyme activity of rat digestive chyme]. PMID- 821252 TI - [Alimentary factors of anticarcinogenesis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 821254 TI - An unusual Rh phenotype indicating heterogeneity of the Cw antigen. AB - A family is reported in which a new Cw antigen occurred in two generations. This was recognized by 17 anti-Cw sera, but by none of the 21 anti-C sera which were, however, shown to react strongly with common Cw+ cells. This unusual finding provides evidence that the Cw antigen is in fact heterogeneous. On the basis of data obtained from absorption-elution and coagglutination studies a tentative explanation is attempted: common Cw+ phenotypes are assumed to be Cw (+1+2) and the present phenotype Cw (+1-2). Anti-Cw sera should accordingly be anti-Cw1, whereas anti-C sera should only react with Cw2. PMID- 821255 TI - Observations of the number of available G (rhG, Rh12) antigen sites on red cells. AB - The number of available G antigen sites within the rhesus system were estimated using trace-labelled antibody. The results given as available antigen sites per cell were as follows: R1R1: 9,900-12,200; r'r': 8,200-9,700; ryr: 8,600; RNRN: 6,600; r'xr: 6,200; RB1r: 6,200; RZRZ: 5,400; Cdes: 4,800-5,100; R2R2: 3,600 5,800; RORO: 4,500-5,300; R2r 4,200; r''Gr: 1,700-3,600; RB2r: 1,400-1,900. The G antigen is detected in optimal amount on C-positive samples. When D is present without C,the number of G sites is apparently dependent on the expression of all the D antigens within the recognized six categories of D antigens. PMID- 821256 TI - [Diverticulosis of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 821257 TI - [Esophageal diverticula]. PMID- 821258 TI - Health hazards from new environmental pollutants. PMID- 821259 TI - Pesticide residues in food. Report of the 1975 Joint Meeting of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Pesticide Residues and the WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues. PMID- 821261 TI - [Compulsory medical treatment]. PMID- 821260 TI - [Development of pseudarthrosis in heterotopic osteosis (author's transl)]. AB - The findings of this study indicate that pseudarthrosis can develop, even in very small areas of heterotopic bone tissue, where functional strain together with the previously mentioned concomitant causes has occurred. PMID- 821262 TI - [Induced myocardial ischemia under nitroglycerin treatment]. PMID- 821263 TI - [Effect and plasma level of methylproscillaridin and beta-acetyldigitoxin following long term administration in man]. PMID- 821264 TI - [Results of partly long-term conservative treatment of potential surgery candidates with symptomatic coronary disease]. PMID- 821265 TI - [Regional and systemic chemotherapy in combination with economic operations in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 821267 TI - Some aspects of sexuality and reproduction in groups of captive marmosets (Callitbrix jacchus). AB - Several aspects of sexual and reproductive behaviour of Callithrix jacchus were studied for almost five years. The most important results are as follows: (1) In artificial groups (AG), heterosexual interactions were observed with varying frequencies between all group members; in the family groups (FG), however only between the parents (a-male and a-female). (2) In general, sexual interactions between two animals in the AG were tolerated by the other group members; in the FG, the offspring tried to disturb all copulations between the parents. (3) Pre- and postcopulatory play, and copulation with intromission and ejaculation are limited to the highest ranking group members. No difference was found between the highest and lower ranking males in the duration of copulation and number of pelvic thrusts. (4) The breeding privilege is correlated with rankorder; that is, only the most dominant male and female reproduce. This gives the impression of a monogamous relationship between the a-animals. (5) Independent of follicle maturation and ovulation, the a-females indicate estrous characterized by a considerable increase in willingness to copulate, associative behaviour between the a-male and the a-female (both most likely influenced or caused by pheromone activity), as well as aggressive behaviour between the a-female and the lower ranking females in the AG. Conflicts between the dominant and lower ranking group members, especially the females in AG, usually cause the group to split. The ability of the lower ranking females to reproduce is adversely affected by the stress to which they are subjected. (6) The parents of the FG are extremely tolerant of their sexually mature adult sons and daughters; expulsion of offspringe by the parents has not occurred as yet in the FG. (7) There is no certain evidence of cyclic visible changes of the genital region or menstrual bleeding in C. jacchus. (8) Captive C. jacchus females breed all year long; gestation is 144--146 days. (9) Homo- and autosexuality is reported for the males of the FG. PMID- 821266 TI - [Method of endogenous creatinine clearance]. PMID- 821268 TI - [Determination and importance of fibrinolytic degradation products in surgical operations]. PMID- 821269 TI - [The activity of rubrospinal neurons in Macaca mulatta monkeys]. AB - Action potentials of single cells in nucleus ruber have been recorded extracellularly inresponse to antidromic activation of the rubro-spinal tract and stimulation of contralateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum in the monkey M. mulatta. The analysis of the data obtained indicates that both large cells of the caudal portion and neurons of small-cell part of n. ruber send their axons to the spinal cord. Conduction velocity along the axons of rubro-spinal neurons in monkeys veries within 17.4--108.8 m/sec (peak velocity 60--90 m/sec). Experiments with stimulation of the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum confirm the presence of monosynaptic interposito-rubral connections in monkeys. PMID- 821270 TI - [The current state of the problem of the nature and mechanism of action of "transfer factor"]. PMID- 821271 TI - [An experimental study of the immunogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines]. AB - The author studied comparatively the immunogenicity of the vaccines prepared of 38 virulent Ps. aeruginosa strains belonging to different serological types. It was demonstrated that the immunogenicity of killed vaccines varied within a wide range--from the absoulte protective effect to its complete absence. The culture medium on which the initial culture was grown and the method of its detoxication produced practically no influence on the immunogenicity of the vaccines. Immunogenicity of Ps. aeruginosa vaccines apparently had no relationship with the serological type of the strains. PMID- 821272 TI - [The complex technology of producing rickettsial diagnostic immunoglobulin preparations and comparative technico-economic indices]. AB - The author elaborated a complex technology of production of a number of rickettsial diagnostic immunoglobulin preparations with a different action spectrum on the basis of a single initial raw material--horse immune serum. Horses immunized and reimmunized according to the original combined scheme served as producers of high-quality immune sera for multi-directed purposes. On the basis of such sera there were prepared dry fluorescent antibodies, immunoglobulin erythrocytic diagnostic agents, diagnostic sera for the complement fixation agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and immunofluorescent microagglutination tests intended for detection of antigens of rickettsia of the typhus group and of the group of tick spotted fever, and also of specific immunoglobulins. Complex technology had anumber of technico-economic, and organizational advantages over the routine one. PMID- 821274 TI - [Analysis of the heterogeneity of a Rickettsia prowazekii population using an epidermomembrane method]. PMID- 821273 TI - [The serine- and threonine dehydratases of brucellae]. AB - In studying 62 strains of brucellae of all the known species an inductive enzyme- 1-serine-hydrolyase(desaminating) was revealed in the intact cells and cell-free extracts. The activity of this enzyme depended on the species of brucellae and showed a sharp elevation in destruction of the cells with supersonic waves. Intact brucellae failed to desaminate treonine. A constitution enzyme 1-treonine hydrolase (desaminating) was found in the cell-free extracts of Br. neotomae and brucellae isolated from murine rodents of the Northern Caucasus. Some properties of both enzymes were studied. PMID- 821275 TI - [Characteristics of the reaction of the macrophage lysosomal apparatus in guinea pigs immunized with a live and a killed Br. abortus culture]. AB - Accumulation of fluorescent antigen-antibody complex in the cytoplasmic granules at various time intervals after the phagocytosis of brucellae treated with brucella fluorescent serum was studied in the peritoneal macrophage culture of guinea pigs immunized with live and killed brucella culture. The activity of the lysosomic system was also studied. Immunization with live brucellae led to an increase in the acid phosphatase activity, to an increased rate of destruction of phagocytosed spheroplasts with fluorescent antibodies fixed on their surface, to a more rapid accumulation of fluorescent antigen-antibody complex in secondary lysosomes and to a more marked humoral response than the immunization with the killed culture. Changes in macrophages correlated with positive skin allergic reactions, and were apparently associated with increased sensitivity of a delayed type. PMID- 821276 TI - [Biological and immunochemical properties of a complex of soluble antigens from N. meningitidis, serogroups A, B and C]. AB - Complexes of surface soluble antigens were obtained in grown meningococci of serological groups A, B and C in fluid nutrient media. In studying the chemical composition and biological properties of these complexes released of the nutrient medium components it was revealed that they consisted of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, possessed marked group-specific properties in the PHAT, were toxic (LD50 about 0.15 mg) and immunogenic. PMID- 821277 TI - [Comparative immunochemical study of the antigenic makeup of native tetanus toxin from sporulating and nonsporulating C1. tetani strains]. AB - Crude tetanus toxin of nonspore-bearing strain Harward had a complicated antigenic composition; 8 fractions were revealed in disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, and 8-10 precipitation bands in immunoelectrophoresis. All the antigenic components of the crude toxin of nonspore-bearing strains detected in diffuse precipitation test and immunoelectrophoresis were identical to the corresponding antigens of the spore-bearing strain Kolle 154. However, the filtrate of the culture fluid of the spore-bearing strain contained at least two antigenic components absent in the culture fluid of the nonspore-bearing strain. Identity of the amin antigenic component--tetanospamin--was demonstrated in nonspore-bearing and spore-bearing industrial C1. tetani strains in experiments of immunoelectrophoresis with the use of antibodies against tetanospasmin. PMID- 821278 TI - [Characteristics of the anthrax vaccinal strain STI-1 preserved for 30 years in the form of lyophilized spores]. AB - A study was made of the biological properties of the spore culture of anthrax vaccine strain STI-1 lyophilized in 1944 and kept for 30 years without any passages. This dry culture contained not less than 29% of live spores; the culture growth in the nutrient broth and on the agar medium was typical for the strain. Immunogenicity tested in experiments on guinea pigs and rabbits was not reduced and corresponded to that of the reference STI-1 vaccine. PMID- 821279 TI - [Detection of H-antibodies in the diagnosis of listeriosis]. AB - The technique of H-antibodies determination in serodiagnosis of listeriosis used at present is capable of detection not only H-antibodies but also flagellar somatic antibodies in the sera. An attempt was made to increase the specificity of H-agglutinins. An experience in the preparation of pure H-antigen is described. However, it is impossible to detect positive H-agglutination either with the aid of a mixture of flagellae and latex or with pure H-antigen. After determination of H-antigen by the classic Widal reaction 405 sera sent to Rostok Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology because of suspected listeriosis were subjected to absorption with O-somatic antigen of listeria; as a result of which in 85.9% of the sera the amount of H-agglutinins decreased by 1-3 dilutions. Whereas before the exhaustion 90 sera had the H-titre of 1:321 and higher, only 15 such sera remained after the exhaustion. PMID- 821280 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis (a clinico histochemical study)]. AB - The author presets some data on histochemical studies of muscle carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypopotassemic periodic paralysis during the attack and in intermissions. The most constant and considerable changes were revealed during the paralytic attack and they lead to a decrease of phosphorylase activity, an increase of glycogen content and glucose decrease in the muscular fibers. In intermissions these changes were expressed either minimally or were absent altogether. The initial biochemical effect remains unknown. Undoubtedly, the carbohydrate metabolism is significantly damaged in this disease, and there is a definite parallelism between the severity of the clinical course and the degree of the revealed histochemical changes in the muscles. PMID- 821281 TI - [Parenteral feeding. Its value in resuscitation]. PMID- 821282 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells. I. Primary and secondary stem cells. PMID- 821283 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells. II. Properties, regulation and identity. PMID- 821285 TI - Oestradiol stimulation of prolactin release from canine pituitary in culture. AB - Anterior canine pituitaries were maintained in tissue culture for 8 days, and the immunoreactive prolactin released, was measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay for canine prolactin. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH RH) and thyrotrophic hormone-releasing hormone (TRH) did not affect prolactin release, while theophylline and oestradiol-17 beta stimulated the release of canine prolactin. PMID- 821286 TI - [Experimental design: parenteral contraceptives in the rhesus monkey. Introduction, method and results]. PMID- 821287 TI - [Fluhmann's theory in the female rhesus monkey]. PMID- 821284 TI - Multiple complications in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A short review of the literature. AB - Diabetic ketoacidosis may be associated with a wide variety of complications, some of which are uncommon and not widely appreciated. A case of severe ketoacidosis with multiple complications including septicaemia, pneumomediastinum, gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, magnesium depletion and multiple mononeuropathy is reported in a 17-year old girl who made a successful recovery. The patient had not taken insulin for almost 4 days, had no preceding illness and was admitted in a near moribund state with hypothermia (34.2 degrees C), hypotension (80/50) and an arterial pH less than 6.8. There was a leukocytosis 41,200, the blood culture grew haemolytic streptococci and chest radiology showed pneumomediastinum. I.v. therapy was continued for some days and the patient developed clinical features of magnesium depletion. During the recovery period she developed multiple mononeuropathy. A brief review of these complications is given. PMID- 821288 TI - [Treatment of Hodgkin's disease, clinical stage I and II. Results obtained in 100 patients by combination of 1 or 2 cycles of chemotherapy with radiotherapy]. AB - The results obtained by chemo+radiotherapy in 100 patients with Hodgkin's disease at stage I or II as defined by clinical and radiological staging are analysed. All patients were treated by chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy; 74 received a complement chemotherapy after the radiotherapy. Statistical analysis emphasizes the usefulness of associating two cycles of chemotherapy with the classical radiotherapy. With this treatment which gives a constant remission rate of about 90% a long-term chemotherapy is no longer necessary and the interest of exploratory laparotomy becomes negligible. PMID- 821289 TI - Pathogenetic aspects of anemia in long-term hemodialyzed patients. AB - The anemia of dialyzed uremic patients is due to several factors: loss of blood and proteins; increased destruction of erythrocytes, and alteration of erythropoietin feedback. In an anemic dialyzed patient the number of reticulocytes is normal while a sudden worsening of the anemia is followed by severe reticulocytosis. PMID- 821290 TI - Erythroblastic islands and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - Aspirates from bone marrow, spleen and liver were morphologically analysed in 15 untreated patients wich chronic myeloid leukaemia. Megaloblastic changes of the erythroblasts were found to be more common in the spleen and liver than in the bone marrow. A significant increase of 'erythroblastic islands', i.e. erythroblasts in contact with reticulum cells, were recorded in the leukaemia patients compared to 15 healthy controls. It is suggested that the presence of such formations may indicate an increased death rate of defective erythroblasts followed by phagocytosis into reticuloendothelial cells. PMID- 821291 TI - Oxymetholone effect of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in vitro. AB - The possibility that oxymetholone might induce or enhance leukemia after androgen therapy for aplastic anemia prompted us to study the direct action of oxymetholone on the DNA synthesis of AML cells in vitro. The peripheral blasts of 10 patients, 8 with AML and 2 with CML in blast crisis have been studied. The DNA synthesis of the leukemic cells with and without oxymetholone was measured by the 3H-methyl-thymidine incorporation determined by liquid scintillation. The results have been shown a wide variation of DNA synthesis from patient to patient with a range from 2,000 to 40,000 cpm but no significant difference between test and control cultures. We may conclude that oxymetholone does not increase directly the proliferation capacity of the peripheral AML cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 821293 TI - Stimulation of phagocytosis by human lysozyme. AB - Human lysozyme in physiologic concentrations (10--400 mug/ml) significantly (p less than 0.001) stimulates the phagocytosis of yeast cells by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This stimulating effect was observed even in the absence of serum factors. Hen egg white lysozyme or protamine sulfate had no effect on phagocytosis. The stimulating effect of human lysozyme was not the result of opsonization but was apparently related to the effects on constituent membranes of the phagocytic cells. PMID- 821292 TI - Glycopeptides of erythrocyte membranes in some hematological disorders. AB - Red cell membrane glycopeptides of subjects suffering from different hematological disorders (PNH, hemolytic anemias, dyserythropoietic anemias and polycythemia vera) have been characterized. In most cases, except in polycythemia vera, a decrease of sialic acid and galactosamine was detected. The role of these alterations is discussed with regard to the decrease of membrane glycopeptides during physiological aging of the red cell. PMID- 821294 TI - Salicylamide-Glucuronide formation in children with favism and in their parents. AB - Salicylamide-glucuronide formation has been determined in 27 children who underwent a favism crisis, 25 parents, and in 25 normal children who served as controls. A highly significant mean lower glucuronide formation was observed in the favism group in respect to the controls. The difference between fabic children and their parents was significant, and between parents and controls there was no significant difference. PMID- 821295 TI - Blood group phenotypes and hemoglobin S. An anthropologic study in two Israeli Arab communities. AB - Blood group phenotypes of anthropologic significance are described for inhabitants of two Israeli Arab communities with foci of hemoglobin S (HbS). The presence of Fy(a-b-), Rho, hrV+, and Js(a+) among the Hulah Valley Bedouin, and of Fy(a-b-), Rho, and hrV+ in Acre are indicative of genetic admixture of African origin. These non-African foci of HbS are thereby distinguished from previously described HbS foci in India, Greece, and Turkey where low or absent Rho phenotypes imply secondary dispersions of the HbS gene from the Arabian peninsula. PMID- 821296 TI - Effect of hyperoxia and androgen on red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and oxygen affinity. AB - Increased plasma erythropoietin (ESF) activity, a rise in RBC 2,3-DPG, and a 'right shift' of the oxygen hemoglobin equilibrium curve following androgen administration to mice in ambient or hyperoxic conditions, was demonstrated. If androgens had a direct effect on the RBC metabolism, increased 2,3-DPG would result in a facilitated release of oxygen to the tissue. This would have been accompanied by a decrease rather than an increase in the level of ESF. Hyperoxia has abolished detectable rising levels of plasma ESF and RBC 2,3-DPG following androgen administration. These levels were close to those seen in the ambient nontreated mice. PMID- 821297 TI - A 2d case of haemoglobin Belfast (beta 15 (A 12) Trp replaced by Arg) observed in a French patient. AB - Haemoglobin Belfast was initially observed in an Irish patient. The second case, found in a French patient suffering from a metastatic carcinoma, is here described. Both observations are compared from clinical, haematological and biochemical points of view. Functional and spectrophotometrical studies confirmed the slight abnormalities already described. PMID- 821298 TI - Maternal behaviour and its modification in rats: effects of acute and chronic malnutrition. PMID- 821299 TI - The effect of oral doxantrazole on allergen-induced bronchospasm. AB - The protective effect of 200 mg doxantrazole given orally on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction has been compared with 20 mg inhaled disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in 15 patients with bronchial asthma and immediate-type hypersensitivity. Only four out of the 15 patients showed a significant inhibition of their bronchoconstriction after the oral intake of doxantrazole. Nine patients were significantly protected by 20 mg DSCG. All patients responding to doxantrazole also responded well to DSCG. PMID- 821300 TI - Eye anomalies induced by cyclophosphamide in rat fetuses. AB - Different eye anomalies, e.g. open eye (lid-gap), exophthalmos, cataractous lens, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, corneal opacities and absent lens were induced in rat fetuses by maternal administration of cyclophosphamide on the 12-16th day of gestation. 63-90% of anomalies were found in groups treated between days 13 and 15 of gestation. The 14th day of gestation was found to be the most susceptible, inducing severe eye anomalies in 90% of fetuses treated at this age. Degenerative changes were seen in the lens and retina. The retinal cytoarchitecture was completely disorganised. PMID- 821301 TI - Fluorescence histochemistry of the surface epithelium and stroma in the rhesus monkey ovary. AB - The surface epithelium and stromal elements in the ovary of the rhesus monkey were studied with a variety of fluorescence-histochemical procedures to determine the relative distribution of specific chemical moieties. The surface (germinal) epithelium displayed high levels of cytoplasmic RNA and specifically intense fluorescence with methods that demonstrate basic, SH and SS groups of protein. The underlying basement membrane demonstrated an intense reaction when fluorochromed with hydroxynaphthoic acid hydrazide directed toward side-chain carboxyl groups of protein. The fluorescence pattern displayed by the underlying connective tissue was heterogeneous and related to its anatomical localization. It is suggested that this heterogeneity reflects specific, but as yet undefined, chemical differences in the fibrous elements of the ovary. PMID- 821302 TI - Particular features of the innervation of taste buds of the epiglottis in monkeys. AB - The work is devoted to the study of the structure of the innervation apparatus of taste buds in the epiglottis of monkeys (Macacus rhesus). The Campos inpregnation method was used. It is established that several afferent myelinated fibers participate in the innervation of each taste bud of the epiglottis. The peculiarity of structure of their preterminal and terminal parts having the appearance of complex windings and spirals is noted. The polyaxonic principle of the innervation of taste buds of the epiglottis in monkeys is considered as a possible mechanism of generalization of the afferent impulses. It is suggested that the innervation apparatus of the taste buds of the epiglottis constitutes part of unique afferent system of this organ, ensuring its defensive function. The incongruity (from the histophysiological standpoint) of the term 'taste bud' in relation to the epiglottis is noted. It is proposed to call these formations special structures of the chemo-receptors. PMID- 821303 TI - [Surface structure of the lips and tactile hairs of cynomolgus monkeys. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the transitional part between the skin and mucosa 1]. PMID- 821304 TI - Phenytoin and phenobarbitone plasma clearance during pregnancy. PMID- 821305 TI - Incidence of fractures of the vertebral spine in epileptic patients. AB - The incidence of vertebral fractures in 87 epileptic outpatients was 16 per cent. The occurrence of vertebral fractures in epileptics was not correlated to age, state of osteomalacia or to type or number of epileptic seizures. PMID- 821306 TI - Applanation tonometry in the conscious cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Four monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were trained to tolerate applanation tonometry while fully conscious. The tonometer used was the Draeger tonometer with an applanation area of 3.06 diameter, but with a reduced application surface (4 mm instead of 6.8 mm diameter). The reduction did not change the calibration and is applicable in this monkey species without any correction factor. The mean intraocular pressure determined was 19.12 mmHg. PMID- 821307 TI - [Tracheal disorders in word and picture]. PMID- 821308 TI - The hepatic glucuronate pathway in the rat after treatment with 3,3',5 triiodothyronine and phenobarbital. PMID- 821309 TI - Genetic variation of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the wistar rat. PMID- 821310 TI - Enhancement of hepatic drug metabolism with dietary cholesterol in the rat. PMID- 821311 TI - Induction of the drug metabolizing system in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PMID- 821312 TI - Modification of microsomal membrane components and induction of hepatic drug biotransformation in rats on a high cholesterol diet. PMID- 821313 TI - Gustatory effects of miraculin, monellin and thaumatin in the Saguinus midas tamarin monkey studied with electrophysiological and behavioural techniques. AB - A comparative electrophysiological and behavioural study has been made in 17 closely related monkeys of the new world species, Saguinus midas tamarin. The electrical activity in the chorda tympani proper nerve of two of the monkeys was recorded during the application to the tongues of 0.02% monellin and thaumatin, 0.5% miraculin and stimuli representing the four taste qualities. It was observed that monellin and thaumatin gave no or little response and that miraculin enhanced the response to the sour stimulus, but not that to any other taste quality. Behavioural studies were then made with a two-bottle preference test in 15 monkeys. It was found that the animals did not discriminate or discriminated poorly between water and thaumatin or monellin. After miraculin they changed their strong rejection of 0.02 M citric acid, in a choice between water and acid, into a strong preference for the acid. These results show a close relation between the electrophysiological and the behavioural data. PMID- 821314 TI - Brain damage and oral intake of certain amino acids. PMID- 821315 TI - Brain barrier pathology in acute arterial hypertension. PMID- 821316 TI - De novo glycerolipid biosynthesis in the toad and cattle retina. Redirecting of the pathway by propranolol and phentolamine. PMID- 821317 TI - Free arachidonic acid and other lipids in the nervous system during early ischemia and after electroshock. PMID- 821318 TI - Developmental genetics of homoeosis. PMID- 821319 TI - Genetics of bacterial sporulation. PMID- 821320 TI - Effect of centrally acting drugs on experimental torticollis in monkeys. PMID- 821321 TI - Role of manganese in dystonia. AB - In this chapter, we have attempted to demonstrate that chronic manganese intoxication, in both animals and man, is a better model of dystonia than of Parkinson's disease. It is proposed that many of the monoamine and endocrine changes in dystonia may be the result of disturbances in manganese metabolism. A search for such modifications in human dystonia victims is presently underway. Preliminary studies indicate that head and pubic hair manganese concentrations are elevated in dystonia patients. PMID- 821322 TI - Anatomy of the basal ganglia and related nuclei: a review. PMID- 821324 TI - [Virological control of laboratory mice]. AB - Virological control of laboratory mice can be obtained by serology or virus isolation from the animals. Advantages and inconveniencies of these two techniques are discussed. Special techniques i.e. preparation of immune sera or cultures of infected tissues, are also described. PMID- 821323 TI - [Mycological control of laboratory animals]. PMID- 821325 TI - Optimum therapy for angina pectoris. PMID- 821326 TI - Comparison of the coronary collateral circulation in dogs and baboons after coronary occlusion. AB - The relevance to man of experimental observations on coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF) in dogs has been questioned. The effect of 2 to 3 hour coronary occlusions in the anesthetized dog and a primate, the baboon, were therefore compared, with CCBF measured by injections of 85Kr distal to occlusion with precordial counting. Before killing, additional isotope was infused to compare inner/outer wall flow distribution and myocardial tissue samples were analyzed for electrolyte content. Effects of nitrates on hemodynamics and metabolism were also compared in dog and baboon. Similar values for CCBF and resistance following occlusions were found in dog and baboon (flow approximately 25 per cent control, calculated resistance increase four- to sevenfold). Greater subendocardial ischemia in both species was indicated by isotope distribution less to the inner wall, but electrolyte changes (k+ less and Na+ greater in the ischemic area compared to nonischemic) were similar transmurally in both species. Hemodynamic responses to nitrate infusion (isosorbide dinitrate) were similar, with increase in CCBF and decrease in resistance. In neither group were inner/outer wall isotope distribution or electrolyte changes influenced by nitrate. The coronary collateral response to occlusion is similar in dog and baboon in terms of both hemodynamics and metabolic changes. After 2 to 3 hours of coronary occlusion some hemodynamic benefit may be demonstrated with nitrates but no metabolic advantage, at least in the central area of ischemia. PMID- 821327 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis associated with cutaneous neurofibromatosis: report of a case. AB - Although idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis has been studied extensively, its etiology has remained elusive. Recent reports of its association with neuroectodermal syndrome suggest that at least some cases may be the manifestation of a heritable defect of neuroectoderm. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis associated with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 821328 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin ointment on the clinical and hemodynamic response to exercise. AB - The effects of nitroglycerin ointment (15 mg nitroglycerin) on hemodynamics at rest and during exercise were studied in 12 patients with coronary artery disease and exertional angina (angina group) and in 8 patients with normal coronary arteriograms or with nonsignificant arteriographic abnormalities who did not have exertional chest pain (nonangina group). In both groups at rest nitroglycerin ointment induced within 15 minutes a significant decrease in left ventricular end diastolic pressure that was sustained for at least 60 minutes; systemic arterial pressure also decreased within 15 minutes and continued to decrease during the 60 minutes of observation. By 30 to 60 minutes there were significant decreases in cardiac index, stroke index, left ventricular stroke work index and tension-time index. During exercise performed 60 minutes after receiving nitroglycerin ointment, 10 of the 12 patients in the angina group had no pain, whereas 2 had delayed and less severe symptoms. Hemodynamic observations during this exercise period revealed significant decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, systemic pressure and tension-time index from values in the initial exercise period; heart rate remained unchanged. These data document the protective effect of nitroglycerin ointment for a period of at least 60 minutes and also suggest that the beneficial effects are related to a reduction in myocardial oxygen requirements. PMID- 821329 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on ventricular fibrillation threshold of nonischemic myocardium. AB - The threshold for ventricular fibrillation induced by a 200 msec train of pulses was measured during a control period and during an intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin in 14 nonischemic open chest dogs. Infusion of nitroglycerin in doses sufficient to reduce mean arterial blood pressure an average of 17 mm Hg was associated with a rise in ventricular fibrillation threshold from a control value of 24 +/- 3 (mean +/- 1 standard error of the mean) to 41 +/- 6 milliamperes (P less than 0.001). In a subgroup of six animals simultaneous infusions of nitroglycerin and phenylephrine abolished the hypotensive effect of nitroglycerin but did not significantly alter the rise in ventricular fibrillation threshold observed with nitroglycerin infusion alone. In five other animals mean arterial blood pressure was similarly reduced an average of 17 mm Hg by venous hemorrhage, but was associated with a lowering than a rise in ventricular fibrillation threshold from a prehemorrhage value of 28 +/- 6 to 15 +/- 2 milliamperes, (P less than 0.005). Thus, intravenously administered nitroglycerin raises ventricular fibrillation threshold in nonischemic canine myocardium independent of its hypotensive effects. PMID- 821330 TI - Comparative histochemistry of gastrointestinal mucosubstances. AB - Two histochemical sequential staining techniques, Alcian blue-PAS (AB-PAS) and high-iron-diamine-Alcian blue (HID-AB), which differentiate neutral from sulfated and non-sulfated acid mucosubstances, were applied to sections from the gastrointestinal tract of eleven mammalian species, including man, to study patterns of distribution of gastrointestinal epithelial mucosubstances. The application of these techniques under uniform laboratory conditions enabled a detailed description of epithelial mucosubstances throughout the gastrointestinal tract relative to location in each species as well as a comparison of their distribution among various species. The results showed that all of the 11 species studied had a distinctly different distribution of epithelial mucosubstances throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. These differences were most obvious in the stomach and duodenum. In each species, neutral mucosubstances were most evident in the stomach and acid mucosubstances in the intestines, with sulfomucins most prominent in the large bowel. Acid mucosubstances were noted in Paneth cell granules of rodent species only. These histochemical observations make available a uniform comparative basis for the normal distribution of mammalian gastrointestinal mucosubstances which should facilitate their study in diverse pathological conditions. PMID- 821331 TI - Lack of antiscorbutic activity of ascorbate 2-sulfate in the rhesus monkey. AB - Oral administration of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight of ascorbic acid (AA) completely prevented development of scurvy in juvenile rhesus monkey (Mucaca mulata) fed an AA-free liquid diet. The same dose cured scurvy when injected intramuscularly. An equimolar dose of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AA-2-S) did not prevent or cure scurvy. Neither AA nor AA-2-S altered serum cholesterol. AA but not AA-2-S reduced serum triglyceride. A case of scurvy in an AA-2-S treated monkey is described in detail. PMID- 821332 TI - Immunoglobulins and antibody response in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE) were studied in 28 Northern Thai children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). Of these 14 had marasmus, 7 had marasmus-kwashiorkor, and 7 had kwashiorkor. The immunoglobulin levels were measured on admission and serially during 12 weeks of treatment leading to recovery. All immunoglobulin fractions either equalled or exceeded levels seen in well-nourished urban and rural Thai children, with or without infection. There was no difference in levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, or IgD in children with marasmus when compared with those who had marasmus-kwashiokor or kwashiorkor. IgA levels were higher in malnourished than control children and returned to normal with treatment. Eighty percent of the children with PCM had detectable IgD levels while 64% had detectable IgE levels as compared to none in the control groups. Ten additional children admitted with PCM and 10 who had recovered from PCM were immunized with intradermal typhoid antigen. Within 8 days a significant increase in typhoid H antibody appeared in the recovered group, while the malnourished group demonstrated no significant increase in H antibody titer. PMID- 821333 TI - Malnutrition studies in Macaca mulatta. V. Effect on biochemical and cytochemical composition of major organs. AB - The effects of control, dilute, and low-protein duets on organ development were evaluated in infant rhesus monkeys. Both experimental duets resulted in growth failure of the cerebral hemisphere, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle and, with few exceptions, in their total organ contents of water, protein, lipid, glycogen, DNA, and RNA. Calculation of the various ratios for biochemical indices per mg of DNA indicates that with the exception of increased glycogen:DNA ratios in lung of animals fed the dilute diet, increased lipid:DNA ratios in liver, and reduced glycogen:DNA ratios in muscle of animals fed the low-protein diet, all other biochemical profiles of the cellular populations of organs were comparable to control values. Accordingly, the small organ size and reduced organ content of the various biochemical indices of growth appear primarily due to the reduced cellular populations of these organs. The reduced cellular populations reflect failure of the normal miotic processes of infancy to occur, with or without loss of cells already present at the onset of the malnutrition phase. If no cell loss is involved, it is speculated that normal indices of organ growth may still be possible through the processes of "catch up" growth which accompany nutritional rehabilitation. PMID- 821334 TI - Adrenocorticosteroids and corticosteroid binding globulins in protein calorie malnutrition. AB - A study of adrenocorticosteroids and corticosteroid binding globulins was undertaken in 35 malnourished children with a weight deficit of 10 to 45%. The mean corticosteroid levels 5.9 +/- 3.0 mug% were not significantly different from control values of 6.43 +/- 3.2 mug%. Steroid levels were however low (4.38 +/- 1.8 mug%) in children with marasmic kwashiorkor. The corticosteroid binding globulin was reduced to 11.9 +/- 5.4 mug of cortisol bound in malnourished children with and without edema and was significantly lower than controls. "Free cortisol" levels were significantly raised in the malnourished state. In the presence of acute infection there was a remarkable rise of steroids suggesting that there was no hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. Where the infection was chronic (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis) the levels were normal suggesting an adaptation to the stress. Early studies of the steroids and corticosteroid binding globulins within 2 to 3 weeks of starting a high protein diet showed that there was a remarkable rise of serum albumin 2.3 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.7 g%, steroids from 5.9 +/- 5.5 to 12.3 +/- 7.4 and corticosteroid binding globulins from 13.0 +/- 4.1 to 20.2 +/- 6.3 mug of cortisol bound per 100 ml. Weight gain was from 0.2 to 1.0 kg. A follow-up of four children for 6 weeks showed that the steroid levels fell to within normal limits. The integrity of the hypothalamohypophyseal adrenal axis was unimpaired in five out of six children studied. In conclusion it appears that marasmic children are well adapted to the stress of malnutrition and the ability of the adrenals to respond to stress is unimpaired. PMID- 821335 TI - Effect of bran and cholestyramine on plasma lipids in monkeys. AB - Semipurified diets whose cholesterol content varied from 34 to 120 mg/100 kcal were given to adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for 9 months. The intake of dietary fiber was increased through the addition of wheat, rice, or soya bran; 5% cholestyramine was given to one group of monkeys. None of the brans reduced plasma levels of cholesterol, whereas cholestyramine produced marked hypocholesterolemic effects. Triglyceride levels increased with higher cholesterol intake, but no additional changes were induced by any of the experimental diets. Plasma phospholipids were reduced by cholestyramine. PMID- 821336 TI - Dual role of environmental deprivation and malnutrition in retarding intellectual development. A. G. Hogan Memorial Lecture. PMID- 821337 TI - Congenital biliary atresia. Analysis of 97 cases with reference to prognosis after hepatic portoenterostomy. AB - The prognosis of 97 patients with congenital biliary atresia treated by hepatic portoenterostomy was studied. In 37 of 97 patients (38%), good bile excretion was observed after surgery, and jaundice cleared. Sixteen of the 37 patients developed ascending cholangitis; 11, esophageal varices; and nine died. Seven died of ascending cholangitis and two of hepatic failure. Fourteen patients had an uneventful course. In the remaining 60 patients, bile excretion was scanty, and the disease progressed to biliary cirrhosis; 52 died. Causes of death were hepatic failure (53%), intracranial hemorrhage (16%), rupture of esophageal varices (12%), severe dehydration (9%), and postoperative complications (9%). The age at death ranged from 2 to 52 months, with an average at 16 months. PMID- 821338 TI - Congenital malformations in four siblings of a mother taking anticonvulsant drugs. AB - Four siblings have various congenital malformations attributable to the teratogenic effect of anticonvulsant drugs. Their mother has 23-year history of continuous medication for seizures. Since the malformations noted in her four offspring are more extensive and severe in each subsequent child, the question arises as to the possible cumulative effect of antiepileptic drugs in producing congenital malformations. The observations in this family strongly support the need to carefully evaluate all offspring of mothers receiving anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 821339 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and acute leukemia. AB - The leukemias are neoplastic processes that have been associated with a variety of genetic disorders. A case of an adolescent with both acute myelomonocytic leukemia and von Recklinghausen disease is presented, and the literature reviewed to show that these two diseases are associated. Although the number of cases in the literature suggests that in children with von Recklinghausen disease there is a greater risk of leukemia developing, prospective studies are needed to prove this point. PMID- 821340 TI - Recent advances in bronchial asthma. AB - Bronchial asthma in childhood is a major pediatric problem for the physician, both as an acute emergency and as a chronic disease. To adequately manage asthma, one must have a firm understanding of its pathogenesis, and the clinical aspects of diagnosis and therapy. We review important developments in the area of the basic mechanisms causing bronchial obstruction, and methods of measuring the abnormalities present. This presentation includes the fields of neuropharmacology, biochemistry, immunology, and pulmonary physiology. With this background, the clinical aspects of diagnosis and therapy are explored. The role of the allergy history, skin testing, measurement of serum IgE antibodies, and target organ provocation testing are placed in perspective. Therapy involving avoidance measures, use of pharmacologic agents and injection therapy with inhalant allergens are discussed in detail. PMID- 821341 TI - Small-bowel resection. Oral intake is the stimulus for hyperplasia. AB - Small-bowel resection leads to hyperplasia of the residual small intestine, However, the factors initiating small-bowel hyperplasia are not clearly understood, although oral intake either by direct contact with the small bowel or via hormonal or neurovascular factors has been suggested as the major stimulus. In order to determine whether oral intake is an obligatory prerequisite for small intestinal hyperplasia, we compared rats one week after undergoing a 70-cm proximal intestinal resection with sham-operated animals. Resected, orally fed rats demonstrated small-intestinal hyperplasia, whereas resected and sham operated intravenously alimented rats did not. There were no differences in gut weight, mucosal weight, mucosal protein, or DNA between resected or sham-operated intravenously alimented rats. These data provide direct experimental proof that oral intake is a necessary stimulus for small-intestinal hyperplasia after resection. PMID- 821342 TI - alpha-Chain disease causing kaliopenic nephropathy and fatal intestinal perforations. AB - A case of alpha-chain disease (alpha-CD) is described presenting as a malabsorption syndrome complicated by severe kalipenic nephropathy. Antibiotics and cyclophosphamide were effective in controlling the malabsorption and thr renal dysfunction but did not affect the basic pathological lesion. Eventually the disease became generalized, affected lymph nodes, liver and bone marrow and caused multiple intestinal perforations. Detailed histological studies failed to demonstrate the development of reticulum-cell sarcoma as a terminal complication of the disease and are suggestive of a single malignant plasmacytic cell process. PMID- 821344 TI - Multivariate classification of human populations. I. Allocation of Yanomama indians to villages. AB - A set of 12 anthropometric measures and six genetic traits, available for 520 Yanomama Indians from 19 villages in nine clusters, were used to allocate individuals to villages. On the basis of anthropometrics alone, 36% of the individuals were allocated to the right village and 60% to the right cluster. On the basis of genetic traits alone, 16% were allocated to the right village and 26% to the right cluster. A combination of all 18 characters yielded 41% allocation to the right village and 63% to the right cluster. Of the 924 possible combinations of six anthropometric measures, only one provided poorer resolution than did the six genetic traits. We explain the better resolution of the anthropometric traits by noting that the anthropometric traits are not totally heritable and that genetic traits are not continuously distributed. Randomization studies indicated that all of the observed correct-allocation fractions are far in excess of random expectation. We infer that the village phenotype distributions overlap only partially, and that they represent real and substantial population differentiation. PMID- 821343 TI - The role of surgery in acute pancreatitis. AB - Due to the lack of randomized controlled studies comparing medical with surgical therapy, the role of surgery in acute pancreatitis is not clear. This is especially true in critically ill patients who are rapidly deteriorating with hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgical intervention may be of benefit in those patients who do not have a clearcut diagnosis of pancreatitis and may have a surgically correctable disorder, who have biliary or pancreatic duct disease, or who have developed a complication such as abscesses or a pseudocyst. The mortality rate of performing a laparotomy on patients with acute pancreatitis is not prohibitive. PMID- 821345 TI - Malignant external otitis: a severe form of otitis in diabetic patients. AB - Two cases of malignant external otitis are presented and the literature is reviewed. The disease seems to occur exclusively in elderly diabetic patients. Diagnosis is mostly a clinical one, and requires a high index of suspicion. The characteristic clinical manifestations are pain and severe tenderness of the tissues around the ear and mastoid, persistent drainage and the presence of granulation tissue at the junction of the osseus and cartilagenous portions of the external ear. Roentgenographic findings are not helpful in the early stages. The pathogenesis of this disease depends on the presence of clefts in the cartilage forming the floor of the external auditory canal at its junction with the osseus portion through which infection can spread from the external ear to the deep soft tissues. Serious and often fatal complications may ensue. The most common and earliest symptom to appear if facial nerve palsy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been isolated uniformly, in pure or mixed cultures. This entity, therefore, should be borne in mind whenever an elderly diabetic patient presents with external otitis not amenable to the usual methods of therapy. Ps. aeruginosa should be strongly suspected, and its isolation should prompt vigorous systemic treatment with gentamicin and carbenicillin before extensive necrosis of cartilage and bone takes place. Any delay in diagnosis and management will lead to a serious and often fatal complications. PMID- 821346 TI - Identification of the cold-insoluble globulin of plasma in amniotic fluid. AB - A fetal and adult plasma protein known as the cold-insoluble globulin (CIg) of plasma has been identified in amniotic fluid. Its concentration relative to the total protein in amniotic fluid is several times higher than that in adult or fetal plasma, suggesting that it arises from amniotic tissues. PMID- 821347 TI - Reevaluation of the optic disk vasculature. AB - The optic disk vessels of owl monkeys and humans were studied in whole mounts injected with silicone rubber and by serial sections of paraffin-embedded tissue. The capillary bed of the optic nerve head in continuous on one side with the retinal vessels and on the other side with the optic nerve behind the globe. The choriocapillaris is a separate capillary bed, even though it and the disk capillaries are both supplied by branches of the posterior ciliary artery. At the junction between choroid and optic disk is a cuff of vessels that seems equivalent to an anterior extension of the pial vessels. This cuff includes capillaries of the central nervous system, was well as arterial branches of the posterior ciliary artery that pass retrograde from the peripapillary choroid and sclera into the pial plexus. While not contradicting previous descriptions of the vascular anatomy in this region, we emphasized that the microvascular bed of the disk is anatomically an integral part of the retina-optic nerve vascular system and deemphasized its relationship to the choroidal vasculature. PMID- 821348 TI - Distribution of axonal and glial elements in the rhesus optic nerve head studied by electron microscopy. AB - Quantitative measurements of the composition of axonal bundles were made from electron micrographs for six levels within the intraocular portion of the optic nerve head of the rhesus moneky. The proportion of the areas occupied by axonal cytoplasm, glial cytoplasm, mitochondria, and myelin was calculated. Average axonal diameters were determined at each location. Axonal bundles acquired progressively more interaxonal glial tissue as they passed posteriorly from the region of the optic disk toward the optic nerve. Mitochondria were present within axons in increased numbers in the lamina choroidalis and lamina scleralis, and there may be focal expansions and constrictions of axons in the same regions. The overall cross-sectional area of the intraocular portion of the optic nerve expanded posterior to Bruch's membrane in part because of the addition of the interaxonal glial tissue. PMID- 821349 TI - Osteotomy as an adjunct to rapid maxillary expansion. PMID- 821351 TI - Septic complications of total parenteral nutrition. A five year experience. PMID- 821350 TI - Variability of neuropathologic lesions in experimental methylmercurial encephalopathy in primates. AB - Acute and chronic intoxications of rhesus monkeys with methylmercury produced lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) with different distributions. Neuronal degeneration and astroglial proliferation predominated in the dentate nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamus and pontine nuclei in 2 monkeys that received 2 mg/kg/day for 17 and 18 days, whereas pseudolaminar necrosis and astroglial proliferation were observed in the cerebral crotex, maximally in the calcarine and insular regions, in 4 monkeys that received 0.5 to 0.8 mg/kg/day for 3 to 8.5 months. Mercury concentrations in the CNS were much higher in the acutely intoxicated animals than in the chronically intoxicated animals, but the correlation between concentrations of mercury and the histologic destruction was not precise. PMID- 821352 TI - Sequestrectomy and hyperalimentation in the treatment of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. AB - Surgical treatment has been used in those patients with hemorrhagic pancreatitis who deteriorate after several days of intensive medical therapy, or in those patients in whom the diagnosis cannot be established early in the course of treatment. Initial therapy consisted of: cholecystostomy or T-tube drainage in those patients who have gallstones, jaundice, or distended biliary tree; gastrostomy for prolonged gastric decompression; jejunostomy to provide a portal for enteroalimentation; and appropriate soft rubber drainage of the pancreatic bed as a simple, safe, and effective means of treating severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Adjunctive daily hyperalimentation and later sequestrectomy of necrotic pancreatic tissue provided a mortality of 20 per cent and complete rehabilitation of sixteen of thirty patients so treated. Delaying the initial approach to necrotic pancreas allows precise delineation of necrotic material so that sequestrectomy, leaving behind normal pancreas, can be carried out to avoid exocrine and endocrine deficiencies after the acute episode has passed. PMID- 821354 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human carbonic anhydrase B. PMID- 821353 TI - [Human plasma and serum viscosity. Analytic study and application to hyperviscosity syndromes]. PMID- 821355 TI - Determination of DNA concentration by electron microscopy. PMID- 821356 TI - A spectrophotometric assay for demethiolating activity. PMID- 821357 TI - An improvement of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of tyrosinase catecholase activity by Besthorn's hydrazone. PMID- 821358 TI - An affinity column for ecdysone binding proteins. PMID- 821359 TI - Determination of serum alkaline phosphatase by amperometric measurement of rate of oxygen depletion in a polyphenol oxidase coupled reaction. PMID- 821360 TI - Electroanesthesia (EA) studies: EA produced by stimulation of sensory nerves of the scalp in Rhesus monkeys. AB - After it was learned that electroanesthesia (EA) could not be produced in a Rhesus monkey which had undergone a circumferential scalp block with 0.25% lidocaine, it was postulated that EA could be produced by electrostimulation of the sensory nerves of the scalp in the rhesus. The work reported here verifies that EA can be produced by this method in this species; it is not necessary to pass current through the head. PMID- 821361 TI - Photochemical induction of enzymatic activity of a carbocyclic analog of coenzyme b12: a contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of action of coenzyme b12. PMID- 821362 TI - Eutrophication and wastewater purification. PMID- 821363 TI - New developments in the field of vitamin B12: Reactions of the cobalt atom in corrins and in vitamin B12 model compounds. PMID- 821364 TI - Synthesis and structure determination of an intramolecularly alkylated bridged cobaloxime. PMID- 821365 TI - Synthesis of alpha-glycosidically linked disaccharides of D-galactosamine. PMID- 821366 TI - 5-Deaza- and 5-thiariboflavins: a simple pathway to antimetabolites of vitamin B2. PMID- 821367 TI - 4,6-Diphenylthieno (3,4-d)(1,3)dioxol-2-one 5,5-dioxide, a novel activating agent for peptide syntheses. PMID- 821368 TI - Clinical experience with long-term cromolyn sodium administration in 53 asthmatic children. AB - Cromolyn sodium was administered by inhalation four times a day to 53 severely asthmatic children for periods ranging from 10 to 43 months. The patients were seen at follow-up vists at least once a month through the entire study period. At the cut-off point of the study cromolyn sodium had been effective in controlling asthma by reducing the level of asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, sleep disturbance and sputum output. In addition there was a reduction in the patients' requirements for concomitant anti-asthma medications (including corticosteroids) and the number of hospitalizations and school absences. PMID- 821369 TI - Comparative antigenicity and potency of allergenic extracts from pollen and anthers. AB - Two hundred and twenty-six patients were scratch tested over a 10-month period with the pollen and anthers of six common hay fever plants. The results indicate that anthers and anther parts as "contaminant" material in pollen used in the manufacture of allergenic pollen products should be re-evaluated; it may be inappropriate to classify such parts as "foreign materials." They may be more fully utilized in the harvesting, extraction and administration of antigenic products for hyposensitization treatment, particularly for those hay fever producing plants where collection of pure pollen is particularly difficult. PMID- 821371 TI - Cardiovascular and renal functions in normal rhesus macaques. AB - Techniques on measurements of cardiovascular and renal functions in conscious rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are described, and normal base line values are presented. The determinations included blood pressure, cardiac dynamics, total peripheral resistance, renal metabolism, renal concentrating capcity, acid-base balance, and renal handling of electrolytes. PMID- 821372 TI - Six guidelines for reducing infections associated with intravenous therapy. PMID- 821370 TI - Effect of halothane and halothane-nitrous oxide on hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in dog and monkey. AB - Hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in healthy dogs and monkeys (Macaca arctoides) awake and anesthetized with halothane-oxygen and halothane-nitrous oxide oxygen were compared during conditions of spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Both hematocrit and plasma protein concentration decreased within 15 minutes following anesthetic induction. This decrease persisted throughout constant- or variable-depth anesthesia and did not vary appreciably with ventilation, anesthetic dose, or introduction of nitrous oxide. Plasma volume, determined by a dye dilution technique, concomitantly increased. This increase is compatible with the directional changes in hematocrit and plasma protein. PMID- 821373 TI - A protocol for hyperalimentation in a community hospital. AB - Hyperalimentation can be used safely on an infrequent basis by a physician who has once familiarized himself with the basic information, if he is willing to reread pertinent information with each use and is compulsive about following a good protocol and using flow sheets. Hyperalimentation can be used safely in a community hospital when there are interested nurses, willing to learn and apply the protocol. There should be some sort of warning system for a malfunctioning hyperalimentation line, be it a pump with a warning buzzer or an ever-present nurse. The hospital should have a pharmacy with one or two skilled people who can aseptically prepare the solution using closed techniques. A laboratory should be immediately available to run SMA-6, SMA-12, blood pH, and obtain in reasonable time a serum osolarity and serum magnesium reading. PMID- 821375 TI - [Cystic diverticulum of the principal bile duct. Studies on a surgical case]. PMID- 821374 TI - [Pathological complications in 46 cases of neurofibromatosis in children (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological type complications associated with 46 cases of neurofibromatosis in children under 12 are reported. It is noted that in 65.2% of the cases there are mental retardation, usually serious. More than 50% (24 cases) had some type of tumoration. All were benign with the exception of a suprarenal neuroblastoma that caused arterial hypertension and histological characteristics of malignancy. Fifteen tumors were located in the optica ways, one in the mediastinum, one in the abdomen, one in the paravertebral area, one which was a craneal plexiform tumor and four of the moluscum pendulum type on the eyelids or in neighbouring regions. Twelve children suffered from some type of seizures (Salaam's spasms, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atonic and versive). Radiological abnormalities were very frequent in the simple X rays as well as in those in which contrast medium was used. In four cases malformations of the midline were observed, three of which were non-communicating cysts of the septum pellucidum, the other agenesis of the corpus callosum. Neurofibromatosis was further seen associated iwth Bourneville's syndrome, Morquio's syndrome, Batten's type of lipofuscinosis, facial or generalized hemihypertrophia and stenosis of the aqueduct. Heredity was dominant autosomic in 16 cases, the rest being due to possible recent mutations. PMID- 821376 TI - [Problems posed by neurobrucellosis in an endemic country. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 821377 TI - Ethical issues in priority-setting for the utilization of genetic technologies. PMID- 821378 TI - [Clinical test of Iskedyl in cochlear and vestibular chronic diseases]. PMID- 821380 TI - Proceedings: Isolation and transplantation of islets of Langerhans in rat and monkey. PMID- 821379 TI - Tuberculosis of the larynx masquerading as carcinoma. AB - A patient with laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis is described. The similarity between the clinical presentation and gross appearance of laryngeal carcinoma and tuberculosis in this patient and others reported in the literature is emphasized. Laryngeal biopsy is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis, but this must be done only after the proper precautions are taken to reduce the risk of infection to the physician performing the biopsy. Examination of the chest x-ray and acid-fast stain of the sputum are rapid and highly reliable screening tests for laryngeal tuberculosis. PMID- 821381 TI - Vaccination against bovine brucellosis with a low dose of strain 19 administered by the conjunctival route. I.--Protection demonstrated in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs were vaccinated with different doses of strain Brucella abortus B 19, subcutaneously (SC) or by the conjunctival route (C), once or a second time three months later. Agglutination and complement fixation titers were determined on sera of guinea pigs taken at random at intervals from each vaccine group. Protection afforded by the vaccination was determined by intramuscular injection of the challenge strain, B. abortus 544 (5 X 10(3) bacteria) three months after the last vaccination. Forty days later the guinea pigs were killed and Brucella looked for and counted in the spleen and lymph nodes. After conjunctival vaccination with 10(6) or 10(7) bacteria, seriological responses were weak and transient even after the re-vaccination, and were lower than after subcutaneous vaccination with the 10(6) dose, and much lower than after the standard vaccination dose of 7 X 10(9) given subcutaneously. Protection, expressed as percentage of guinea pigs free of infection at autopsy (table 4) was 40 p. 100 in the standard vaccination group (SC, 7 X 10(9)) and 57 p. 100 in groups receiving successively 7 X 10(9) (SC) and 10(6) or 10(7) (C). Two successive conjunctival vaccinations with the 10(6) to 10(9) doses gave 47 to 60 p. 100 protection; two SC vaccinations with the 10(6) dose gave 75 p. 100 protection. All the control guinea pigs were heavily infected. The differences in protection rate among the groups vaccinated twice were not significant. Since vaccination through the conjunctiva with two successive instillations of 10(7) bacteria induced only a weak antibody response and protection equivalent to that of standard subcutaneous vaccination, the method appears worthy of application in cattle. PMID- 821382 TI - [Form L gonococcus]. PMID- 821383 TI - [Tyrosinases of nevo-cellular nevi and human malignant malanomas]. PMID- 821384 TI - Properties of bispecific rosette-forming cells. III.---Antigen binding cells with double specificity after immunization with two covalently linked antigens. AB - Adult C57B1/6 mice were immunized with bovine serumalbumin and horse radish peroxidase administered simultaneously but either separated or covalently linked by glutaraldehyde treatment. The percentage of double rosettes formed with both antigens (coupled to red cells) as compared to the total rosette forming cells reached 20% when mice had been injected by the conjugate whereas it remained less than 2% in case of separate antigen administrations. In addition, these bispecific rosettes were inhibited after anti-theta serum plus complement treatment. PMID- 821385 TI - Resistance of Brucella abortus infected mice to intravenous or intraperitoneal Brucella reinfection. AB - The development of acquired resistance to Brucella abortus was studied in mice infected intravenously with small numbers of live CO2-dependent B. abortus 544 used as vaccinal strain. CO2-independent B. abortus was used as challenge strain. The influence of several parameters in the development of acquired resistance was examined: vaccination--challenge interval, challenge route, dose of challenge, challenge-sacrifice interval. The behavior of the challenge strain in normal mice depended on the size of the inoculum. After an intravenous inoculum of about 1 X 10(6) bacteria, the level of infection in the liver or the spleen followed three phases: a phase of increase of the viable counts, a phase of decrease, and a phase of plateau. The decreasing phase was more pronounced in liver than in spleen. After an intraperitoneal injection of the same dose of bacteria, an infection developed following approximately the same pattern, except during the first day of infection. One month after vaccination by an inoculum of about 1 X 10(4) viable B. abortus, an accelerated appearance of the decreasing phase prevented almost completely the multiplication of an intravenous challenge of about 1 X 10(6) B. abortus in the spleens. In the livers the same phenomenon took place after a small increase of the bacterial population. After an intraperitoneal challenge, the numbers of Brucella isolated from the spleens and livers of vaccinated mice first fell sharply to practically nothing around the sixth day, and then rose to reach a phase of slow increase or of plateau until the twenty-fourth day. In our experimental conditions, the vaccine population remained undisturbed by the reinfecting inoculum. PMID- 821386 TI - Electron transfer reactions of copper proteins. PMID- 821388 TI - Quantitation of antibiotics using high-pressure liquid chromatography: tetracycline. AB - A method for quantitative determination of tetracycline in serum, using high pressure liquid chromatography, is reported. After extraction of the drug from serum, using methanol-trichloroacetic acid solution, tetracycline was separated by reverse-phase chromatography. Quantitation of tetracycline was based on a linear relationship between peak heights in the chromatograms and known concentrations of the drug in the original serum samples. Serum tetracycline concentrations as low as 0.3 mug/ml could be accurately measured. Serum samples obtained after a single intravenous injection of tetracycline to three human volunteers and six dogs were assayed by microbiological and chemical assays. Correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively, were found. This chemical method is rapid (less than 30 min), accurate, sensitive, and reproducible, and it seems feasible for routine clinical use. PMID- 821387 TI - [Conjugational transfer of R factor RP1 in Ps. aeruginosa and the possibility of inhibiting this process with a series of substances]. AB - It was shown that the conjugation system of Ps. aeruginosa PAO 2604 X PTO 629 rifr used for transfer of the plasmid markers of R-factor RPI was a convenient model for a number of genetic investigations (the rate of transfer of the antibiotic resistance markers was 2.2 X 10(-3) to 8.8 X 10(-5). 80.7 per cent of the exconjugants obtained from this crossing acquired all 3 resistance plasmid markers (carbenicillin tetracycline, neomycin). In 12 per cent of R+-exconjugants transfer of 2 or 1 resistance determinant of R-factor was observed. The use of the above conjugation system revealed the inhibitory effect of bonafton (an antiviral drug), acridine dyes (acrichin, metachrome orange), ethidium bromide and rifampicin. A possibility of intraspecies transfer of resistance plasmid markers was found in crosses Ps. aeruginosa PAO 2604 X X E. coli CSH--2 rifr and Ps. aeruginosa PAO 2604 X E. coli C600 rifr. Transfer of the resistance markers was observed in combinations of carbenicillin, tetracycline, neomycin (Cb, Tc, Nm), tetracycline (Tc) and carbenicillin (Cb). PMID- 821389 TI - Laboratory evaluation of a commercial microbial control system. AB - A new product, the 3M Brand Microbial Control System for monitoring the reproducibility of Bauer-Kirby susceptibility tests, was compared with standard ATCC strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results are presented from four independent laboratories in which all obvious protocol variables, excluding media and personnel, were identical. Evaluation of the system revealed that the commercial procedure was simple to implement and efficacious and produced results equivalent to those derived from ATCC control strains of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. PMID- 821390 TI - Resistance plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: change from conjugative to nonconjugative in a hospital population. AB - Properties of a population of carbenicillin- and gentamicin-resistant, tobramycin susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Veteran's Administration Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, have been followed during a 16-month period. As originally described, the strains were isolated from patients with urinary tract colonizations and were predominantly Parke-Davis immunotype 7. For the majority of these organisms, antibiotic resistance was correlated with the presence of a self-conjugative plasmid of incompatibility group P-2. The source and relative incidence of multiply resistant isolates have remained constant during the current study, but the immunotype has shifted form type 7 to type 2. Concomitantly, the population has lost the property of conjugative transfer of resistance, and resistant strains are now compatible with P-2 plasmids. A group P 2 R plasmid, pMG5, will mobilize resistance markers, demonstrating that the multiple resistance of the nonconjugative strains is mediated by R plasmids. Additionally, gentamicin resistance due to either conjugative or nonconjugative plasmids is correlated with the presence of similar gentamicin acetyltransferase activity. pMG5-mobilized plasmids are shown to be incompatible with pMG5. pMG5 is also shown to mobilize resistance markers from nontransferring antibiotic resistant strains representing populations from Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, and Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. PMID- 821391 TI - Hydrogen-dependent organisms from the human gingival crevice resembling Vibrio succinogenes. AB - Twenty-eight strains of microaerophilic, motile, slightly curved gram-negative rods isolated from the gingival crevice of patients with gingivitis were studied. They seemed similar to Vibrio sputorum, though eleven strains differed in minor characters from Bergey's description under the new name Campylobacter sputorum, subspecies sputorum. The oral strains studied appeared to be closely related to several species of the genus Campylobacter and to Vibrio succinogenes. The oral strains were able to utilize gaseous hydrogen and to grow in a mineral medium with either nitrate of fumarate as hydrogen acceptor. Formate could replace hydrogen as hydrogen donor. In contrast the Campylobacter strains were not dependent on hydrogen or formate as energy source and grew poorly in mineral medium. In these nutritional and metabolic aspects the oral strains are more related to Vibrio succinogenes than to Campylobacter species. Serologically the oral strains differed from all the Campylobacter species. The GC ratio in the DNA of the oral strains varied between 48 and 50%, conform to the values described for Vibrio succinogenes. Vibrio sputorum seems a nomen conservandum and vibrio like organisms from human infections should be tested for hydrogen-dependence before they are classified as Campylobacter species. PMID- 821392 TI - An alternate respiratory pathway in Candida albicans. AB - Usual concentrations of antimycin A, rotenone and EDTA, individually or in combination, reduced aerobic growth rate and cell yield of Candida albicans to about half its normal level and to about the levels of previously-described acetate-negative, cytochrome-complete and aa3-deficient variants which were little affected by the inhibitors. Anaerobic conditions (not affected by antimycin A) reduced growth rate and cell yield of all cultures-including that of a nonrespiring aa3, b-deficient mutant-to low, equal levels. Antimycin A but not rotenone prevented growth of the normal strain on ethanol medium. Cyanide and antimycin A blocked most of the respiration of the normal strain and cytochrome complete variant, but did not affect that of the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant. Rotenone and EDTA did not affect respiration of any of the cultures. SHAM blocked cyanide-and antimycin A-insensitive respiration and prolonged the lag phases of the three respiring cultures, especially in the presence of antimycin A, but alone increased oxygen-uptake rate of the cytochrome-complete cultures while curtailing that of the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant. Resting cells, especially wild-type, grown in medium containing antimycin A exhibited lowered oxygen-uptake rate, which was increased upon the addition of cyanide or antimycin A. Antimycin A stimulated, but cyanide inhibited, respiration of cytochrome-complete cultures grown in the presence of rotenone but did not affect that of the cytochrome aa3 deficient mutant. SHAM inhibited respiration of all antimycin A- or rotenone grown cultures. The high rate of respiration of C. albicans in the presence of inhibitors for three sites of electron transport in the conventional oxidative pathway, the inhibition of this respiration by SHAM and its loss by the absence of cytochrome b, indicate an alternate oxidative pathway in this organism which crosses the conventional one at cytochrome b. PMID- 821393 TI - Competence development for transfection stimulated by culture fluids of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 821394 TI - Photooxidation of cyanobacteria in natural conditions. AB - Photodynamic effects were demonstrated and assayed under field conditions in a number of different laboratory strains and pond isolates of cyanobacteria; parameters assayed for resistance to photooxidation were viable count, turbidity of the cyanobacterial suspension, and protein and pigment contents. The effects of density, colonial structure, and internal gas vacuoles on the lethal outcome were investigated. The stability and formation of superoxide dismutase under photooxidative conditions in the field and laboratory were studied in the different strains. An isolate of Microcystis from blooms in ponds exhibited extremely high resistance to photooxidation, which was abolished by exposure to chloramphenicol. PMID- 821395 TI - Rickettsial cell water and membrane permeability determined by a micro space technique. AB - A micro space technique for determining membrane permeability in Rickettsia prowazeki is described and justified. The cell water, cell wall plus periplasmic volume, and glutamate, ethylene glycol, and adenosine diphosphate permeabilities were determined by this method. The effect of nonionic detergents on rickettsial permeability was examined: Triton X-100 destroyed the permeability barrier, whereas Lubrol-WX left it intact. PMID- 821397 TI - The tissue origins of serum and urinary alpha-amylase. PMID- 821396 TI - Temperature limitation of methanogenesis in aquatic sediments. AB - Microbial methanogenesis was examined in sediments collected from Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, at water depths of 5, 10, and 18 m. The rate of sediment methanogenesis was shown to vary with respect to sediment site and depth, sampling date, in situ temperature, and number of methanogens. Increased numbers of methanogenic bacteria and rates of methanogenesis correlated with increased sediment temperature during seasonal change. The greatest methanogenic activity was observed for 18-m sediments throughout the sampling year. As compared with shallower sediments, 18-m sediment was removed from oxygenation effects and contained higher amounts of ammonia, carbonate, and methanogenic bacteria, and the population density of methanogens fluctuated less during seasonal change. Rates of methanogenesis in 18-m sediment cores decreased with increasing sediment depth. The optimum temperature, 35 to 42 C, for sediment methanogenesis was considerably higher than the maximum observed in situ temperature of 23 C. The conversion of H2 and [14C]carbonate to [14C]methane displayed the same temperature optimum when these substrates were added to sediments. The predominant methanogenic population had simple nutritional requirements and were metabolically active at 4 to 45 C. Hydrogen oxidizers were the major nutritional type of sediment methanogens; formate and methanol fermentors were present, but acetate fermentors were not observed. Methanobacterium species were most abundant in sediments although Methanosarcina, Methanococcus, and Methanospirillum species were observed in enrichment cultures. A chemolithotropic species of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium was isolated in pure culture that displayed temperature optima above 30 C and had simple nutritional requirements. PMID- 821398 TI - sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate transacylase activity in Euglena gracilis organelles. PMID- 821399 TI - Specificities of the two genetically distinct beta-galactosidases in human sphingolipidoses. PMID- 821400 TI - Letter: Glutaraldehyde in treating herpes simplex and herpes zoster. PMID- 821403 TI - Comparative toxicity of gold preparations in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been treated alternately with aurothioglucose and aurothiomalate. In the earlier part of the study an oily suspension of aurothioglucose and an aqueous solution of aurothiomalate were used, but later an aqueous solution of aurothioglucose was alternated with the oily suspension and an oily suspension of aurothiomalate with the aqueous solution. Skin eruptions, stomatitis, and albuminuria were significantly more common in patients treated with the aqueous solution than with the oily suspension. PMID- 821401 TI - Use and health effects of Aroclor 1242, a polychlorinated biphenyl, in an electrical industry. AB - Aroclor 1242, a chlorinated biphenyl, is widely used as a dielectric medium in transformers and capacitors. In this survey, thirty-four occupationally exposed workers were examined. Complaints consisted of a burning sensation of the face and hands, nausea, and a persistent body odor. One had chloracne, and five suffered from an eczematous rash on the legs and hands. Although hepatic function tests were normal, the mean blood Aroclor level in the exposed group (approximately 400 ppb) was significantly higher than in the control group. A tentative value of 200 ppb is suggested for Aroclor 1242 as an acceptable level for occupationally exposed workers. The use of an efficient exhaust ventilation to maintain air concentrations below the threshold limit value, and the regular measurements of hepatic function and of blood Aroclor concentrations in exposed workers are recommended. PMID- 821404 TI - [Antibacterial activity of a carbenicillin-cephaloridin combination]. AB - The effectiveness of the combination of carbenicilline and cephaloridine in the ratio of 4:1 was studied. The antibacterial activity of the association whether in vitro or in vivo is sinergic, that is, superior to the simply addition by the individual components. The hematic levels of the combination remain high up to 5 hours after the administration and are greater than those obtained with carbenicilline alone. Levels in the urine are high, therefore the species judged to be resistent in vitro may become sensitive. PMID- 821405 TI - Comparison of Mycobacterium africanum, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis by their utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources. PMID- 821407 TI - Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: A correlation of clinical, radiologic and pathogic findings. AB - In a study of 75 patients with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast seen at Emory University Clinic over a 38 year period, the average longevity from the time of diagnosis was 22 months and the 5-year survival 5.6%. The results of treatment were poor with all methods used, although supervoltage therapy improved local control, and when followed by mastectomy, gave the longest average local control and survival. The designation of inflammatory carcinoma as primary and secondary is often not applicable and should be dropped. Instead, the terms inflammatory carcinoma and recurrent inflammatory carcinoma seem more appropriate. It is suggested that in a number of patients fulfilling certain criteria, surgery should be contemplated and all others treated by non-surgical means. The diagnosis of inflammatory cancer is still primarily clinical. However, radiologic and pathology examination are invaluable to confirming the clinical impression and occasionally suggest the diagnosis before inflammatory signs appear. PMID- 821406 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy and light and electron micrographic changes of the baboon liver after portal diversion. AB - Six baboons of varying weights and estimated ages had complete portal diversion. All animals became emaciated and lost hair. Five of the 6 developed hepatic encephalopathy so serious that it either killed them or required their sacrifice after an average of 109 days. One exceptional animal which lived for 208 days without encephalopathy had markedly elevated blood ammonia levels. In one brain that was examined, greatly increased numbers of Alzeheimer's Type II astrocytes were diffusely distributed in the cerebral cortex. Changes in liver function tests were similar to those reported by many authors in dogs. The 6 baboon's livers underwent striking atrophy during the 49 to 208 days of postoperative observation. With some variations in degree, the same light and electron microscopic changes were observed that have now also been seen after completely diverting portacaval shunt in rats, dogs and humans. Thru the hepatic injury of Eck fistula is common to all species so far studied although most of the metabolic consequences of the procedure seem to selectively spare rats and man. PMID- 821408 TI - Effect of atropine upon the cardiovascular system during soman-induced respiratory depression. AB - The effects of atropine, doxapram and isoproterenol upon soman-induced respiratory depression were investigated in the monkey. Administration of atropine resulted in an immediate increase in heart rate accompanied by a gradual increase in respiratory rate. The improvement in the EEG pattern coincided with improvement in respiratory function. Administration of either doxapram or isoproterenal during soman-induced apnea failed to significantly alter any of the physiological parameters. Clonazepam was used to control soman-induced seizure activity and convulsions. PMID- 821409 TI - Influence of acute and chronic administration of methadone hydrochloride on NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 of mouse liver microsomes. AB - Administration of a single acute dose (20 mg/kg body weight) of methadone hydrochloride to both male and female mice increased the specific activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and did not change much the content of cytochrome P 450 of their liver microsomes. Administration of multiple acute doses of methadone in male mice increased the specific activity of cytochrome c reductase and the content of cytochrome P-450 of their liver microsomes. Chronic administration of progressively increasing doses of methadone (up to 40 mg/kg body weight) to male mice increased the specific activity of c reductase. Similar chronic administration of methadone up to 28 mg/kg body weight also increased the microsomal content of P-450, but with higher doses of methadone, the content of P 450 declined and finally dropped slightly below control levels. The levels of c reductase activity and P-450 content returned to normal about two weeks after discontinuation of methadone administration. PMID- 821410 TI - Group D enterococcal meningitis. Clinical and therapeutic considerations with report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Three patients with meningitis due to the Lancefield group D enterococci are described and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Anatomic central nervous system (CNS) defects, prior neurologic or neurosurgical interventions, group D enterococcal endocarditis, and urinary tract infection appear to be important predisposing factors. Of note is the frequent lack of cellular response in the spinal fluid to enterococci. The mortality of this infection is high (33%) and is probably dictated as much by the underlying disorder as the infection itself. The therapeutic importance of careful separation of group D streptococcal isolates into enterococci and nonenterococci, especially in instances of CNS infections, is emphasized. We discuss the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for enterococcal meningitis. PMID- 821411 TI - Bullets, joints, And lead intoxication. A remarkable and instructive case. AB - A retired teamster with abdominal pain and anemia was found to have lead intoxication presumably due to and old bullet in his ankle. Most lead particles within the body need not be removed. Lead solubility characteristics exemplified by this case cuase us to recommend that bullets and lead particles facing synovial spaces should be removed. PMID- 821412 TI - Protein-calorie supplementation and postnatal physical growth: a review of findings from developing countries. AB - The literature on the effects of protein-calorie supplementation on physical growth rates in height and weight is reviewed. Only studies carried out in moderately malnourished children from developing nations are considered. Two main questions are asked: 1) Do changes in protein-calorie intake cause changes in growth in these children, and 2) How does the impact on growth of supplemental foods vary with changing protein-calorie amounts of the supplement and of the home diet? Although, the experiments reviewed were shown to have a series of limitations, it was concluded that protein-calorie supplementation is causally related to growth. Moreover, the evidence reviewed suggests that the relative contribution of calories and proteins to the association depends upon which nutrient is limiting in the home diet. That is, if proteins are limiting, proteins and not calories are apparently beneficial for growth rates. On the other hand, if calories are limiting, calories alone seem to improve growth rates. This suggests that before expensive supplementation programs are instituted, one should first investigate which nutrients are most limiting in the home diet. PMID- 821413 TI - [Serum creatine phosphokinase activity: analysis of information provided by different ways of expressing the results]. AB - An experimental model with undernourished rats fed experimental diets containing either imbalanced proteins or low amount of well balanced proteins was used to evaluate the utility of serum CPK activity determination in human malnutrition. Special attention was given on the information provided by four ways of expression of the enzymatic activity. CPK activity was expressed as: 1) Specific activity, 2) Activity per ml serum, 3) Total activity per rat and 4) Total activity per 100 g body weight. Statystical analysis showed: a) Activity expressed per mg serum protein or per ml serum did not agree with the known physiological phenomena induced on muscle by the experimental diets: CPK activity values expressed in these ways are not useful in malnutrition studies. b) Serum total activity of CPK per rat provides a similar information to the creatinin/height index, which is easier to perform. c) Total CPK activity per 100 g body weight demonstrated to be adequate to provide information about muscle mass in rats under controlled experimental conditions. However, it is not possible to use this form of expressing CPK activity in human malnutrition, because it would be also necessary to know: plasma volumen, age, actual body weight, clinical and the nutritional background, etc., of the patient for an accurate interpretation of results. PMID- 821414 TI - [Selective coronary scintigraphy using labelled microspheres]. AB - Selective intracoronary injection of microspheres labelled with radioactive substances which emit gamma rays with different energy levels (Indium 113 m and Technetium 99 m) allows us to explore by scintigraphic methods the areas of distribution of the two coronary arteries. Having been carefully calibrated, the particles are injected in limited numbers, and block the precapillary arterioles, where they gradually diminish in number. Scintigraphic examination is carried out in various projections (anteroposterior, left anterior oblique and right anterior oblique) immediately after coronary arteriography. Coronary scintigraphy allows us to establish the integrity of the distribution network of a coronary trunk which appears normal on coronary arteriography, to visualise the diminution of flow caused by a stenosed but patent trunk, and to visualise the extent of the collateral circulation and the quality of revascularisation achieved by an aorto coronary bypass operation. PMID- 821415 TI - [Post infarction septal perforation. Is the early operation benefical?]. AB - A case is reported of a ruptured septum in a man of 74 which was operated on after 48 hours; the authors recall the development of ideas on the surgical treatment, and also the advantages which may be expected from counterpressure from an intra-aortic balloon. If this is not available, it seems to them that the operation must be carried out even more swiftly, within the first few hours, if damage to the myocardium and the consequences of prolonged shock, are to be avoided. PMID- 821416 TI - [Stenosis of the left coronary trunk. Apropos of fifteen cases]. AB - Stenosis of the left main trunk was revealed by selective coronary angiography in 15 patients among the 567 who were investigated (2.6%). No case of total occlusion was observed. There was no fatality due to the procedure. As a rule other coronary vessels also show atheromatous lesions. Five patients were not operated: 3 died (60%) after a mean survival period of 14 months following angiography. Among the 10 others who underwent surgery there was no operative mortality, but 2 patients died in the postoperative period (20%). The 8 survivors have been followed for a period ranging from 8 to 61 months (mean: 36 months). All are still alive and much improved clinically. Once the diagnosis of left main trunk stenosis has been established, early surgery should be considered. PMID- 821417 TI - [Ultrastructural study of 11 cases of obstructive myocardiography of the left ventricle]. AB - A fragment of septum was removed for biopsy in 11 patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy who were undergoing surgery. Electron microscopi revealed an increase in the numbers of mitochondria, deposits of glycogen, and deforming fibrosis. As far as the components of muscle fibres are concerned, both lysis and synthesis of neosarcomeres are to be found, together with abnormalities of the Z band and disorientation of the myofibrils. The number and severity of these abnormalities were found to vary from patient to patient and also in different sections. Although these features are virtually constant in cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy, they are not specific for this condition; they are also found in cases of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 821418 TI - [Myocardial biopsy in congestive myocardiopathies of apparently primary origin]. AB - 38 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy of apparantly primary origin had a myocardial biopsy. The histology of the fragment of myocardium was studied both by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results were compared with those from 3 "control" cases and with 16 cases of congestive asystole secondary to a known cause. The non-specific patternss which were observed were of 3 types: patterns of degeneration, pattern of hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Chronic alcholism had no modifying effect on the ultrastructure. Finally, the group in which the morphology was altered had a higher mortality, but the prognostic significance of the degree of severity of the morphological change must be treated with caution in each individual case. PMID- 821419 TI - [Use of intra-aortic balloon in cardiac surgery]. AB - Use of the intra-aortic balloon in the treatment of circulatory failure after cardiac surgery has resulted in the long-term survival of 7 patients out of 20. The failures occured when the myocardium is severely compromised so that any treatment is likely to fait (8/13), and where there is the ultimate complication of renal or hepatic failure (4/13), irreversible ventricular failure or secondary haemorrhage. In urgent coronary bypass surgery (4/13) it would appear that the use of the balloon preoperatively would have avoided or at least slowed the progress toward the anatomical changes of massive infarction. As the use of the balloon has often been associated with a reduction in the number of circulating platelets and a pathological increase in the breakdow products of fibrin, heparin is now used systematically in an attempt to prevent the development of a true intravascular coagulation syndrome. The use of lidocaine is also recommended to prevent fatal or dangerous ventricular arrhythmias when the balloon is functioning well. A combination of the intra-aortic balloon with the infusion of small doses of adrenaline would seem to be an interesting therapeutic combination, especially at the onset of counterpressure. PMID- 821420 TI - [Study of the electrophysiological properties of bretylium tosylate in man]. AB - The electrophysiological changes induced by bretylium tosylate have been studied in 22 patients during the 45 minutes following the intra-atrial injection of the drug at the dose of 5 mg/kg. The potential in the bundle of His was measured, and the stimulus-test method used to determine the refractory period. The results were subjected to Student's test. The sinus rate increased after bretylium. The A V nodal conduction time (A-H interval) and infra hisian conduction time (HV interval), evaluated at the same imposed frequency, were not affected. The functional refractory period of the A-Vnode was decreased. The relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system was increased. Finally, the right auricle showed an increase in its effective refractory period, while that of the ventricle remained unchanged. This study suggests that the electrophysiological effects of bretylium are due both to direct action at the cellular level and to sympathetic activity. PMID- 821421 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effects of injectable amiodarone. Apropos of 100 cases]. AB - The effects of amiodarone by injection have been studied in 100 patients. 50% of these patients were in cardiac failure. Amiodarone was given intravenously over 30 seconds in a dose of 300 mg; in 15 of the patients a further dose of 150 mg was given after ten minutes. Amiodarone was found to be particularly effective in the tachy-arrhythmias (90% successful) in which it brought about slowing (18 cases out of 30) or conversion (17 cases out of 30). Just as good results were obtained for the atrial tachycardias (90% success rate) and in the junctional tachycardias. This treatment is less effective for atrial flutter (50% successful) and for ventricular arrhyrthmia, in which the success rate was only 60%. It is possible to use the defibrillator after amiodarone has been administered. This drug is well tolerated, and no increase in cardiac failure has been noted in these patients. There does remain, however, the possibility of hypotension and perhaps of circulatory collapse, which is rapidly reversable; this is probably due to vasodilator activity. Intracavitary studies in 8 patients have shown that amiodarone causes slowing of sino-atrial and of atrio-ventricular conduction. Amiodarone may equally worsen a distal conduction defect. The uses for this anti-arrhythmic drug, which is particularly effective at the atrial level, are discussed in this paper. PMID- 821422 TI - [Type A Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with left bundle-branch block. Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic, and endocavitary electrophysiological study]. AB - The rate association of a "type A" W.P.W. syndrome with a left bundle branch block gives a characteristic electrocardiographic picture:--the left bundle branch block is partially masked, the delay in the basial region of the left ventricle being in part cancelled by pre-excitation--the features of the W.P.W. syndrome are also modified, since the ventricular axis is corrected by the left bundle branch block. The electrocardiographic tracings taken during the various tachycardias and during treatment for arrhythmia, together with the intra cavitary recordings allow a precise diagnosis to be made. In this case, vectocardiography was particularly useful as it gave a clear demonstration of the median delay of the ventricular loop, the only pathognomic feature of left bundle branch block, during a period when the left bundle of Kent was functioning. PMID- 821423 TI - [Bi-directional tachycardia of infrabundle of his origin. Arguments for reciprocal rhythm]. AB - A new case of bi-directional tachycardia is reported. Intracavitary recordings show that the site of the disorder lies below the main trunk of the bundle if His. Analysis of the surface electrocardiogram and of electrical stimulation has led to a number of arguments for the hypothesis of a reentry circuit which uses the right branch in the reverse direction, and then the anterior and posterior sub-branches alternately in the normal direction. The recurrent attacks of tachycardia can be prevented by permanent ventricular stimulation at a rate above that which occurs between the attacks. However, the relief which this affords has not altered the prognosis of this arrhythmia, which remains very poor. PMID- 821424 TI - [Temporary mechanical cardiocirculatory assistance in an adolescent suffering from subacute cardiac failure]. AB - A case is reported of subacute carciac failure during the course of a non obstructive cardiomypathy in an adolescent. When the exacerbation of cardiac failure, which was accompanied by severe arrhythmias, failed to respond to medical treatment, the combination of a veno-arterial bypass and membrane oxygenator with diastolic counter-pressure from an intra-aortic balloon was tried with success. A reasonable remission was obtained by this means, but the young patient died 8 months later from cardiac failure which proved resistant to treatment. PMID- 821425 TI - [Disorders of sino-atrial and auriculo-ventricular conduction in Steinert's disease. Apropos of one case]. AB - The authors report a case of Steinert's disease with disordered sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular conduction. The presence of sudden syncopal attacks and the absence of a cardiomyopathy (excluded by right- and leftsided haemodynamic studies and coronary arteriography) indicated the insertion of a definitive intra cavitary pacemaker, especially as the life expectancy of this 54 year old patient did not seem to have been significantly reduced by his disease. PMID- 821426 TI - [Jean Vaysse (1917-1975)]. PMID- 821427 TI - [Study of congenital cardiopathies with left-right shunt using gamma angiocardiography]. AB - Red blood cells labelled with radioactive Technetium were injected intravenously, and the passage of the tracer through the cardio-pulmonary system recorded using a scintillation camera coupled with a numerical dosimeter. The results are presented as serial analoque pictures taken at the rate of two per second, as numerical tracings which are later processed, and as flow charts from predetermined areas of interest: the chambers of the heart, the lung parenchyma, and the aorta. This study is concerned with 58 patients with a left-to-right shunt, and about 40 normal examinations were used as a baseline for comparison. In cases of left-to-right shunt, the finding on the tracings is of abnormally prolonged activity in the lungs after a normal passage through the right side. The intensity-duration curves highlight this finding, and show an early recirculation peak in the right side of the heart and a slowing of pulmonary emptying, which can be evaluated numerically from the ratio C2/C1. A correlation has been found between this value and the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow as calculated by oximetry. The correlation is even closer if a comparison is made between the curves of pulmonary radioactivity and the dye dilution curves. In certain cases, the shunt can be localised to the atrial or ventricular level. There are many indications for this safe investigation: --the diagnosis and monitoring of the flow through a left-to-right shunt in a child; --confirmation of the closure of septal defects after surgery; --clarification of an infudibulo pulmonary syndrome. PMID- 821428 TI - [Ventricular septal defect with aortic failure (Laubry and Pezzi syndrome). Surgical indications and results. Apropos of 20 cases]. AB - The association of aortic incompetence and ventricualr septal defect is rare, but justifies the regular supervision of all patients with VSD. It seems to be found more commonly in cases where the VSD is above the crista. Early operation appears to be justified, and in a large number of cases this avoids the progressive worsening of the aortic incompetence; this in turn leads to better results with the conservative surgical procedures. PMID- 821429 TI - [Interpretation of the right bundle-branch block appearing after repair of ventricular septal defect]. AB - Based on a study of 43 cases the authors attempt to assess the exact aetiology of the appearance of right bundle branch block, which is seen very frequently after repair of a ventricular septal defect. A comparison of the electrocardiograms with the anatomical type of VSD, the surgical approach, and the size of the septal defect would seem to indicate that a monofascicular block by a lesion of the right branch of the bundle of His is responsible. The correlations are not, however, absolute, and in a certain number of cases a simple peripheral lesion was to blame. The importance of precise knowledge of the case of the branch is that it is possible that first a bi- and then a tri-fasicular block will develop; this means that complete atrioventricular block is one of the long-term sequelae of surgery. In the authors' experience of 43 cases, only one tri-fascicular block developed. PMID- 821430 TI - [First stage closure of badly tolerated ventricular septal defects in the infant]. AB - The authors report their experience of one-stage closure of poorly-tolerated ventricular septal defects in small children and babies. They use both extra corporeal circulation and profound hypothermia. The results which they present have been very encouraging. They emphasise the fact that the closure is not complete after surgery, and that most of the murmurs which persist post operatively disappear gradually. Of the neurological defects which were seen in two cases after surgery (one after profound hypothermia and one after extra corporeal circulation) one resolved completely; in the other (in which there was a cardiac arrest followed by cardiac massage for one hour) certain intermittent visual defects have persisted. All of the other children can now be regarded as normal. PMID- 821431 TI - [Atrial spetal defects of the ostium secundum type with mitral valve insufficiency. Apropos of 31 cases]. AB - 31 cases of ASD with mitral incompetence have been reviewed. The aetiology of the mitral incompetence is most frequently congenital, contrary to the classical view. The usual mitral defect is a combination of gaping of posterior commissure with a narrow valvular opening. The usual angiocardiographic picture is one of prolapse of the mitral valve. One of the characteristic findings, which has already been reported in the literature, is of redundant valve tissue, with myxomatous degeneration (one case confirmed histologically). Surgery is indicated in every case. Conservative mitral surgery gives satisfactory results in the mid term. PMID- 821432 TI - [Symptomatic isolated atrial septal defects (ostium secundum) in the infant]. AB - Poorly tolerated solitary ASD in the baby is rare. The main criteria for diagnosis have been drawn from a series of 9 cases. The symptoms are often atypical, especially at first: usually a marked pansystolic murmur, a tricuspid flow murmur, late appearance of a doubling of B2, and a non-specific cardiac outline, except for the cardiac enlargement and the increased pulmonary vascularity. The ECG is rather more helpful, with constant RVH. At catheterisation, there is a major left-to-right shunt, the pressures in the right and left atria are equal, and pulmonary hypertension is rare. It is particularly common to find associated extra-cardiac abnormalities. Under medical treatment the prognosis is good, and early surgical closure is not normally required. PMID- 821433 TI - [Echocardiographic aspects of the atrio-ventricular canal]. AB - The authors report their experience of echocardiography in cases of atrio ventricular canal in the light of 9 cases which were studied by time-movement and 2-dimensional echography. In cases if ostium primum, the essential findings are: diastolic juxtaposition of the mitral valve to the left side of the septum, its multiple-echo appearance during systole, and the abnormal movement of the ventricular septum. In cases of complete atrio-ventricular canal, two main types are found. In the first, the echos of the atrio-ventricular valve are confused with those of the interventricular septum during diastole; in diastole, the septum disappears, one valve moves anteriorly into the right ventricle, and the other moves posteriorly into the left ventricle. In the second type, the appearances are those of a single valve which is situated within the left ventricle during systole, and which 'crosses' the interventricular septum to gain the right ventricle during diastole. The interpretation of these findings is difficult. It becomes clearer, however, when it is realised that the plane of incidence of the ultrasonic waves is not perpendicular to the plane of movement of the atrio-ventricular valve. The authors' conculsion is that echocardiography is a method of diagnosings atrio-ventricular canal defects, bud does not allow the anatomical type to be defined. PMID- 821434 TI - [Spontaneous course towards pulmonary atresia of Fallot's tetralogy. Theoretical and practical aspects]. AB - A case of severe Fallot's tetralogy is presented; there was angiographic evidence of progression towards pulmonary atresia. The relationship between Fallot's tetralogy and pulmonary atresia with open septum is discussed, as is the variability of the pulmonary circulation found in cases of pulmonary atresia with septal defect, and the treatment is also discussed. PMID- 821435 TI - [Anantomical aspects and surgical treatment of pulmonary stenoses and atresias with intact interventricular septum in the newborn and the infant under 6 months]. AB - The series presented consists of 25 babies (18 of which were neonates), seen between 1972 and 1974. The anatomical and angiographic study revealed 5 anatomical types, according to whether the pulmonary orifice was patent or atretic, and according to the size of cavity of the right ventricle, which may be normal or reduced (perhaps almost totally). The diagnostic clinical features and findings on angiography are recalled. The operative procedure in all 25 cases was pulmonary valvotomy carried out with a brief normothermic period of cirulatory arrest. The technique is described briefly. The results, which vary widely with the anatomical type, were as follows: out of the 25 operated cases there were 12 deaths during or immediately after surgery. The figures are none-the-less encouraging, given the grave natural history of this condition in the baby. The best results were seen in cases in which there was a right ventricular cavity of normal or at least acceptable size. The maximum postoperative follow-up period was 3 years. Most of these children have a persistant pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic right ventricle, and require a second operation in early infancy. PMID- 821436 TI - [Evaluation of static elasticity and characteristic impedence of the aorta. Their relationships with age, aortic pressure and ventricular ejection resistance]. AB - The static elasticity (Ep) (Peterson) and the characteristic impedance of the aorta (Zo) (Mac Donald) were evaluated by the simultaneous measurement of the pressure and diameter of the ascending aorta in 30 patients: 18 subjects were free from any aortic pathology (Group I), subjects had persistant arterial hypertension (Groupe II), and 3 subjects had aortic incompetence (Group III). In the group I patients, Ep increased significantly with age, and with the aortic pressure and diameter. In groupe II, Ep increased significantly only with aortic pressure. A narrow correlation was found between the characteristic impedance of the ascending aorta and the systolic ejection resistance, except in those patients with aortic incompetence, in whom it seems that Zo is a better measure of ejection resistance. In the group I patients, impedance increased significantly with age. No significant difference was found in the characteristic impedence between patients of groups I and II, the aortic diameter being greater in the latter group. PMID- 821437 TI - [Electrical activity in the region of the sino-atrial node. Experimental study]. AB - After finding the landmarks of the sino-atrial node in the dog by means of serial sections, the authors have recorded the electrical activity in the region of the sinus by means of bipolar and monopolar electrodes placed in contact with it. a)A preatrial wave has been recorded, and its origin is discussed. b) Mechanical destruction of the sino-atrial node is followed by the disappearance of this wave and the appearance of a slow junctional rhythm with a retrograde atriogram. c) When lignocain is applied directly to the sino-atrial node, the pre-atrial potential decreases and then disappears and the post-stimulation pause is prolonged. d) Clamping of the peri-sinus region gives rise to an incomplete block, followed by complete block, of the pre-atrial potential and the P wave. The post-stimulation pause remains normal. The disorders of rhythm which have followed these producedures may be regarded as constituting experimental models for sinus lesions and for sino-atrial block. PMID- 821438 TI - [Studies of nodal conduction]. AB - Nodal conduction has been studied in 44 normal subjects, 21 cases of 1st or 2nd degree AV block, 16 cases of LGL syndrome, and 19 patients with a distal infra His AV block, by means of stimulation which was increased in regular steps of 5 beats per minute, and of extra-systolic stimulation. These two techniques demonstrate that the nodal response to an extrasystole or a regular tachycardia is not the same, and that different mechanisms are probably at play. With regular stimulation, the normal limits of 1/1 conduction lie between 140 and 200 per minute. A nodal block for a rate less than 130 per minute can be taken as indicative of a nodal defect. Delayed AH conduction is a much less precise criterion. It may reach a high level in normal subjects, and it is not certain that the finding of a PR interval of more than 200 msec. (AH of more than 140 msec.) at a normal rate is neccessarily indicative of nodal pathology. Cases of LGL syndrome are associated with short-circuits which are usually partial. The diverse responses observed in these different groups can be explained by modifications of structure within the A/V node itself. PMID- 821439 TI - [Gap phenomenon and supranormal conduction during intermittent left bundle-branch block]. AB - The mechanism of intermittent bundle branch block, whether spontaneous or as a result of vagal stimulation, can be studied by reference to the known facts of atrial stimulation. Three cases with intermittent left bundle branch block were studied by means of an intracavitary electrode, which allowed the potential of the bundle of His to be measured, and was also used for the extrastimulus method of study. In case 1, in which the block was independent of the cardiac rate, a type 1 "Gap" phenomenon (of nodal origin) was demonstrated; the coupling zone in which the extrastimulus overcame the block was situated in two areas, one being late, and the other earlier in a region where the conduction was normal. In case 2, in which the block was dependent upon the heart rate, the "recovery" of the blocked branch after early coupling of the extrastimulus seemed to be associated with the phenomenon of "supra-normal" conduction. In case 3, in which the block was again dependent upon heart rate, the two phenomena of "Gap" and "suppranormality" seemed to act successively when the coupling of the extrastimulus is decreased progressively. These observations allow us to distinguish two types of intermittent left bundle branch block; one, which is not related to heart rate, is characterised by a prolonged refractory period of the left bundle branch, which becomes progressively shorter as the heart rate increases; the other, which is dependent upon tachycardia, is characterised on the one hand by an increased left bundle branch refractory period which does not shorten as the heart rate increases, and on the other by the phenomenon of supranormal conduction. PMID- 821440 TI - [Analysis of the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone using simultaneous recordings of monophasic and bundle-of-his action potentials]. AB - The effects of amiodarone given by rapid intravenous injection at a dosage of 10 mg/kg have been studied in the dog. The peak activity is found between the fifth and the tenth minute. The rate of discharge of the sinus is lowered by 36%. At the atrial level, the duration of the monophasic action potential (MAP) is increased by 9% and its dv/dt is lowered slightly, the total refractory period is increased by 22%, the effective refractory period is increased by 27%, the functional refractory period is increased by 19%, the ratio of the length of the effective period/duration of the MAP becomes slightly greater than unity, conduction facilitation disappears, and the period of slow conduction increases. In the A/V node the AH interval increases by 44% under normal rhythm, while atrial stimulation at 200/min. results in conversion to total AV block in more than half of the cases. The potential of the bundle of His and the HV interval are not altered. At ventricular level the duration of the monophasic action potential increases by 25%, its dv/dt decreases slightly, the total refractory period is increased by 8%, and the effective refractory period is increased by 14%. PMID- 821441 TI - [Myocardial infarction in early postoperative complications in operations of myocardial revascularization: incidences, clinical study and mechanisms]. AB - A study of the electrocardiograms and enzyme levels after surgery to revascularise the myocardium in a group of 174 consecutive patients has allowed us to demonstrate 19 cases of early postoperative myocardial infarction (EPOMI) (10.9%). 10 of these cases had no clinical features of EPOMI; 9 had clinical signs (collapse of altered systemic pressures, arrhythmias) or haemodynamic disorders (raised left atrial pressure). The EPOMI turned out to be fatal in 3 cases (19%), and to be complicated by left ventricular failure in 6 cases (32%). Post-operative coronary arteriography showed that 8 out of 20 grafts were occluded in 13 patients; ventriculography showed the myocardial damage consequent upon EPOMI in 8 patients out of 12; Autopsy showed graft occlusion in each of the two patients. The means of diagnosis of EPOMI must be electrocardiographic and enzymatic. An attempt has been made to study the causes of EPOMI: aortocoronary bypass hazardous because of poor distal supply (6 cases) or surgical difficulties (6 cases); progression of the atheromatous lesions (3 cases); infarct already inicipient at the time of surgery (1 case). EPOMI is a complication of cardiac surgery which must be recognised; the mechanisms are diverse, and any of the factors which are relevant to the surgical procedure may be a cause. PMID- 821442 TI - [Mitral insufficiency in obstructive myocardiopathies. Hemodynamic study and cineangiography]. AB - A haemodynamic and 2-plane cine-angiographic study of 23 patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy has shown that the mitral valve has a limited opening capacity, an unusually anterior position in early systole and is displaced anteriorly during systole. Mitral incompetence is present in more than half of the cases, but usually remains as the only lesion. When it is severe, it is because there are additional lesion: perforation, rupture of the cordae. The behaviour of the mitral valve was fairly constant in all 15 cases of hypertrophic, hyperkinetic, cardiomyopathy, and mitral incompetence was common, and usually found in isolation. The mechanism is discussed, and the physiopathological and therapeutic implications of these facts are reviewed. PMID- 821444 TI - [Value of readaptation after myocardial infarction. Apropos of 100 cases]. AB - The short-term and mid-term readaptation of 10000 patients has been studied by means of 400 follow-up exercise tests and a very detailed questionnaire. The effects of physical training are at their maximum at between 9 and 12 months, with an increase in exercise capacity of 26% occuring between one and a half and nine months post-infarction. This improvement in capacity for work seems to be due exclusively to a peripheral mechanism originating from an economy in the work of the heart. Although it does not totally relieve them of their anxiety, a training programme gives the patients an attitude of mind which helps them to regain their socioprofessional position. 82% of the trainees who still had a professional position were able to restart work within an average period of 5 months. Since we have not been able to make up an adequate control group, we have not been able to assess the effect of training on the natural history of coronary artery disease. PMID- 821443 TI - [Long-term results in the isolated replacement of mitral and aortic valves]. AB - This is a study of 85 valve replacements by mechanical prostheses, 41 of which were in the aortic position and 44 in the mitral position. The results were analysed from the standpoint of the immediate and late mortality, the morbidity, and thrombo-embolic complications. The influence of the severity factors (NYHA classification) on the operative risk and the late mortality has been evaluated. The maximum follow-up period was 8 years for the aortic replacements and 7 years for the mitral replacements. Actuarial graphs show that there is a 78.3% survival for aortic valve replacement and a 66% survival for mitral valve replacement. We feel that the shape of the survival curves is greatly influenced by the size of population studied. As soon as a plateau appears, the significance of the analysis is in doubt. It seems to us that calculation of the degree of confidence is essential if the good quality of the long-term results is not to be overestimated. The results of surgery must be assessed by comparing the survival curves of the operated patients with those of non-operated patients with the same risk factors. The conclusion emerges that prosthetic replacement of the mitral and aortic valves markedly improves the life expectancy of stage IV patients. We can see no indication for early surgery on the aortic valve. On the other hand, mitral valve replacement should be undertaken on stage III patients so that those with a poor life expectancy can be offered a better outlook. The way in which the mitral and aortic valve disorders carry a much greater mortality after the 6th decade should induce us to bring forward the indications for surgery in this age group in spite of the slightly greater immediate and late risk from operating on patients of this age. PMID- 821445 TI - [Massive tricuspid insufficiency during idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. Surgical treatment. Apropos of two cases]. AB - Tricuspid incompetence occuring in isolation is extremely rare, and had only been described under certain very particular conditions: trauma, septicaemia of genital origin, intravenous injection of narcotics. Idiopathic dilatation of the auricle of the right atrium is a disorder which has been described during the last fifteen years or so, and is recognised mainly because of the disorders of rhythm which it causes. These two cases demonstrate that, in the long-term, massive dilatation of the auricle can lead to tricuspid incompetence by dilating the ring, and require surgical intervention. PMID- 821446 TI - [Association of progressive external ophthalmoplegia and myocardiopathy with complete atrioventricular block. Apropos of a new case]. AB - The authors report the case of a 31 year old man with an occulomotor palsy, who was admitted to hospital with complete atrio-ventricular block and syncopal attacks. The possible pathogenic significance of this association has given rise to differing hypotheses. A review of the literature shows that the occulomotor palsy has been interpreted either as an ophtalmoplegia (of neurogenic origin) because of the associated neurological findings and the histological changes in the occulomotor nuclei, or as an occular myopathy because of the associated muscular disorders and the changes on electromyography and on histology. The relationships between the occulomotor palsy and the cardiac condition are also discussed. PMID- 821447 TI - [Carcinoid of the small intestines with right cardiac involvement. Clinical, phonomechanographical hemodynamic and anatomical study]. AB - The authors report a case of carcinoid of the small intestine with liver metastases in whom the entire right side of the heart was affected, with severe tricuspid incompetence and pulmonary stenosis. The extent of the fibrosis, which affected all three layers of the heart on the right side has lead the authors to reconsider the various factors which cause the heart failure in carcinoid syndrome. This must now be included in the wider category of APUD. The severity of the tricuspid lesions compared with the derangement of the valvular and subvalvular structures makes an argument in favour of surgical correction. PMID- 821448 TI - ATP pools and transientss in the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica. AB - Anabaena cylindrica grown in steady state continuous culture has an extractable ATP pool, measured on the basis of the luciferin-luciferase assay of 165 +/- 35 nmoles ATP mg chla-1. This pool is maintained by a dynamic balance between the rate of ATP synthesis and the rate of ATP utilization. Phosphorylating mechanisms which can maitain the pool in the short term are total photophosphorylation, cyclic photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. The alga can maintain its ATP pool by switching rapidly from one of these phosphorylating mechanisms to another depending on the environmental conditions. At each switch-over there is a transient drop in the ATP pool for a few seconds. On switching to conditions where only substrate level phosphorylation operates, the ATP pool falls immediately, but takes several hours to recover. The apparent rates of ATP synthesis by total photophosphorylation and by cyclic photophosphorylation are both much higher (210 +/- 30 and 250 +/- 13 mumoles ATP mg chla-1 h-1 respectively) than the apparent rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation (22 +/- 3 mumoles ATP mg chla-1 h-1). In long term experiments the ATP pool is maintained when total photophosphorylation is operating. It cannot be maintained in the long term by cyclic photophosphorylation alone in the absence of photosystem II activity in endogenous carbon compounds, or by oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of endogenous carbon compounds. Measurements of ATP, ADP and AMP show that the total pool of adenylates is similar in the light and in the dark in the short term. There is only limited production of ATP under dark anaerobic conditions when glycolysis and substrate phosphorylation can operate which suggests that these processes are of limited significance in providing ATP in Anabaena cylindrica. PMID- 821449 TI - Phage and defective phage of strains of Myxococcus. AB - 1. Phage-like particles were found in the supernatants of cultures of strains of Myxococcus xanthus, M. virescens and M. fulvus. The largest number of such particles was associated with M. virescens V2. Most of the particles were similar in morphology to the virulent Myxococcus phage, MX-1. 2. Several new phages were isolated from soil and animal droppings. A new phage was isolated from cultures of M. virescens V2. All resembled phage MX-1 in morphology and were related to phage MX-1 serologically. One of these phage, om, was characterized by fractionation of its proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by analysis of restriction fragments of its DNA. The very close relatedness with MX 1 was confirmed by these techniques. Phage om, was found to exist in a state of pseudolysogeny with strains of M. virescens and M. fulvus. 3. Two types of bacteriocin-like activity were found associated with Myxococcus strains. In one case, the activity was extracted from chloroformkilled or from sonicated cells. In the second case it was associated with extracellular material. Strains of Salmonella and Cytophaga were found to be good indicators for this latter activity. These strains were found to be killed by phage MX-1. 4. The significance of these data for origin of the phages of myxococci are discussed and it is proposed that MX-1 and the newly isolated phages may be virulent mutants of a family of lysogenic phages. PMID- 821450 TI - Growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of organic matter. I. Mixotrophic growth. AB - 1. Culture filtrates of heterotrophic bacteria were tested for their stimulatory effect on nitrification of three strains of Nitrobacter. 2. Yeast extract-peptone solution, in which Pseudomonas fluorescens had grown, after removal of the cells was added to autotrophically growing cultures of Nitrobacter agilis; it caused a stimulated nitrite oxidation and growth of Nitrobacter agilis. 3. The degree of stimulation depended on: a) the proportion of the culture filtrate to the autotrophic medium; b) the composition of the complex medium in which Pseudomonas fluorescens had been grown; c) the time the heterotrophic bacterium had been grown in the complex medium. 4. The stimulatory effect was highest with Nitrobacter agilis, less with Nitrobacter winogradskyi and negligible with Nitrobacter K4. 5. It was possible to adapt nutrifying cells of Nitrobacter agilis to higher concentrations of yeast extract and peptone. After the nitrite had been completely oxidized the cell-N still increased up to 30% before growth stopped. PMID- 821453 TI - Annual directory: Arkansas State Dental Association. PMID- 821451 TI - [Clinical, ultrastructural and biochemical study of a case of GM1 type 2 gangliosidosis]. AB - Clinical, histological, ultrastructural and biochemical studies have been performed in a living 20-month-old infant with GM1-gangliosidosis type 2. Rectum, brain and liver biopsies were done. The histological and ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of cytoplasmic membranous bodies in the nervous system and a vacuolisation of the visceral parenchymatous cells, particularly histiocytes. The diagnosis was established by the finding of a generalized beta galactosidase deficiency and an accumulation of GM1-ganglioside in brain. In leukocytes, the activity of p-nitrophenyl-beta-galactosidase was below 5%, and that of GM1-ganglioside beta-galactosidase below 1% of values obtained in controls. In cerebral tissue, GM1 ganglioside constituted 80% of total gangliosides; its concentration was 15 times that in age-matched controls. No accumulation of GM1 could be evidence in liver. Enzymatic examination of leukocytes obtained from the consanguineous parents revealed heterozygote values. PMID- 821452 TI - [Growth retardation after irradiation of a chordoma of the clivus]. AB - In a seven year old boy a chordoma of the clivus has been treated by X-ray therapy after partial neurochirurgical resection. A recurrence of the tumor is noted 10 years after at the the border of the X-ray field. The final size of the sexually mature boy is -- 4 DS below the mean with a complete defect in GH secretion after arginin and insulin stimulation. TSH secretion insuficiency and high HPr levels are shown by TRH stimulation test. The length of survey in this particular case has allowed the demonstration of severe stunting growth which is in part a consequence of hypothalamo-pituitary axis irradiation. PMID- 821454 TI - Accuracy of a polyether impression material. PMID- 821455 TI - Another auxiliary? PMID- 821456 TI - [Systolic parameters of the left ventricle in chronic myocardiopathy of Chagas disease]. PMID- 821457 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in focal cortical epilepsy. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in ten patients with focal cortical epilepsy. The blood flow was measured by the intra-arterial injection of xenon 133 (133Xe), and the isotope clearance was recorded by a multidetector scintillation camera with 254 detectors. Three patients were studied both during a seizure and (in the same setting) in the interictal period; six patients were studied only in the interictal period, and one patient was studied only during a seizure. Studies during seizures all showed marked flow increases in areas presumed to participate in the seizure activity. This finding accords with earlier studies. All nine patients studied in the interictal phase showed, either spontaneously or during activation by intermittent light, focal flow increases in areas presumed to comprise the epileptic focus. These interictal hyperemic foci probably reflect subictal neuronal hyperactivity in epileptogenic nervous tissue. Only two of the patients had distinct epileptic electroencephalographic foci. It appears that rCBF studies can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the investigation of cortical epileptogenic lesions. PMID- 821458 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation in epilepsy. Clinical and anatomical studies. AB - Ten of 15 patients subjected to chronic cerebellar stimulation have had previously intractable seizures modified or inhibited up to periods of three years. Stimulation of anterior lobe appears to be more efficacious than stimulation of posterior lobe. Cerebellar biopsies, obtained in five patients at the time of stimulator placement, revealed in every instance a reduction in the molecular layer, decreased or absent Purkinje cells, and decreased stellate cells. One unimproved patient died during a seizure 17 months after stimulation was initiated. Histological examination of the brain did not reveal tissue damage attributable to the stimulator. There is no evidence of any adverse effect of chronic cerebellar stimulation in humans who have undergone stimulation for periods up to three years. PMID- 821459 TI - The effect of methotrexate on experimental salivary gland neoplasm in rats. PMID- 821460 TI - Proline-rich proteins in membranes and contents of monkey (Macaca irus and Cercopithecus aethiops) parotid zymogen granules. PMID- 821461 TI - Pseudoforeign bodies of the cervical region. AB - Previous reports have enumerated a large variety of foreign bodies in the upper airway and digestive passages. Clinical emphasis has stressed diligence in detecting any possible foreign object. Three cases are presented in which a diagnosis of a foreign body in the cervical region was made and endoscopy advised. In each case, there was some discrepancy between the physical findings and the location of the foreign body. Further study revealed these presumed objects to be ossification centers within one of the laryngeal cartilages. The existence of these centers is stressed as a reminder in the evaluation of a patient with a history suggesting foreign-body ingestion. PMID- 821462 TI - Lymphokine-like activity in the serum of patients with haemopoietic malignancies. AB - Serum from patients with haemopoietic malignancies was tested for the presence of migration inhibition factor (MIF) and leucocyte inhibition factor (LIF) activity by standard assays. There was no correlation between the specific disease state and positivity of the sera for MIF or LIF activity. MIF activity in the serum of one patient with myeloma was present in the isolated IgG cryoglobulin fraction. PMID- 821463 TI - Microenvironmental factors in severe protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 821464 TI - Mast cells in allergy. PMID- 821465 TI - Reactivity to oxygen and permeability of small blood vessels. Vascular function tests. PMID- 821466 TI - A study of the physicochemical interactions between biliary lipids and chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Bile-salt precipitation as a mechanism of phenothiazine-induced bile secretory failure. AB - Since chlorpromazine hydrochloride [2-chloro-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) phenothiazine hydrochloride] is commonly implicated in causing bile-secretory failure in man and is secreted into bile, we have studied the physicochemical interactions of the drug with the major components of bile in vitro. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride molecules are amphiphilic by virtue of possessing a polar tertiary amine group linked by a short paraffin chain to a tricyclic hydrophobic part. At pH values below the apparent pK (pK'a 7.4) the molecules are water-soluble cationic detergents. We show that bile salts in concentrations above their critical micellar concentrations are precipitated from solution by chlorpromazine hydrochloride as insoluble 1:1 salt complexes. In the case of mixed bile-salt/phosphatidylcholine micellar solutions, however, the degree of precipitation is inhibited by the phospholipid in proportion to its mole fraction. With increases in the concentration of chlorpromazine hydrochloride or bile salt, micellar solubilization of the precipitated complexes results. Sonicated dispersions of the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine were also precipitated, but dispersions of the zwitterionic phospholipid phosphatidylcholine were not. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride efficiently solubilized these membrane phospholipids as mixed micellar solutions when the drug:phospholipid molar ratio reached 4:1. Polarizing-microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the precipitated complexes were amorphous and potentiometric studies confirmed the presence of a salt bond. Some dissociation of the complex occurred in the case of the most polar bile salt (Ks 0.365). As canalicular bile-salt secretion determines much of bile-water flow, we propose that complexing and precipitation of bile salts by chlorpromazine hydrochloride and its metabolites may be physicochemically related to the reversible bile secretory failure produced by this drug. PMID- 821467 TI - Identification of N-terminal methionine in the precursor of immunoglobulin light chain. Initiation of translation of messenger ribonucleic acid in plants and animals. AB - The proteins programmed in the wheat-germ cell-free system by the mRNA coding for the MOPC-321 mouse myeloma L (light) chain were labelled with [35S]methionine, [4,5-3H]leucine or [3-3H]serine, and were subjected to amino acid-sequence analyses. Over 95% of the total cell-free product was sequenced as one homogeneous protein, which corresponds to the precursor of the L-chain protein. In the precursor, 20 amino acid residues precede the N-terminus of the mature protein. This extra piece contains one methionine residue at the N-terminus, one serine residue at position 18, and six leucine residues, which are clustered in two triplets at positions 6, 7, 8 and 11, 12, 13. The identification of methionine at the N-terminus of the precursor is in agreement with the evidence showing that unblocked methionine is the initiator residue for protein synthesis in eukaryotes. The absence of methionine at position 20, which precedes the N terminal residue of the mature protein, suggests that myeloma cells synthesize the precursor. However, within the cell the precursor should be rapidly processed to the mature L chain, since precursor molecules have not yet been found in the intact animal. The abundance (30%) of leucine residues indicates that the extra piece moiety is quite hydrophobic. The extra piece of the MOPC-321 L-chain precursor synthesized with the aid of the Krebs II ascites cell-free system is of identical size and it has the same leucine sequence [Schechter et al. (1975) Science 188, 160-162]. This indicates that cell-free systems derived from the plant and animal kingdom initiate mRNA translation from the same point. It is shown that the amino acid sequence of minute amounts of a highly labelled protein (0.1 pmol) can be faithfully determined in the presence of a large excess (over 2000 000-fold) of unrelated non-radioactive proteins. PMID- 821468 TI - Identiy of brain alcohol dehydrogenase with liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - A method for obtaining electrophoretically homogeneous rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) at a specific activity of 2-2.5 mumol/min per mg of protein is presented. Anti-sera prepared against the purified enzyme inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase by up to 75% and cause precipitation of virtually all the enzyme. The antisera were shown by immunoelectrophoresis of a partially purified liver homogenate to be specifically directed against alcohol dehydrogenase and were used to demonstrate that the alcohol dehydrogenases of rat brain and liver share common antigens. The total activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in rat brain homogenates is normally quite low, with as much as 10% of the total activity attributable to the activity in the blood contained within the brain; in cases of severe liver damage (induced experimentally with carbon tetrachloride) this contribution may rise to as much as 60%. PMID- 821469 TI - Characterization of human liver alpha-D-mannosidase purified by affinity chromatography. AB - Human liver acidic alpha-D-mannosidase was purified 1400-fold by a relatively short procedure incorporating chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-epsilon-aminohexanoylmannosylamine. In contrast with the acidic enzymic activity the neutral alpha-mannosidase did not bind to the concanavalin A-Sepharose so the two types of alpha-mannosidase could be separated at an early stage in the purification. The only significant glycosidase contaminant after affinity chromatography on the mannosylamine ligand was alpha-L-fucosidase, which was selectively removed by affinity chromatography on the corresponding fucosylamine ligand. The final preparation was free of other glycosidase activities. The pI of the purified enzyme was increased from 6.0 to 6.45 on treatment with neuraminidase. Although the pI and the mol.wt. (220 000) suggested that alpha-mannosidase A had been purified selectively, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose indicated that the preparation consisted predominantly of alpha-mannosidase B. This discrepancy is discussed in relation to the basis of the multiple forms of human alpha-mannosidase. The purified enzyme completely removed the alpha-linked non-reducing terminal mannose from a trisaccharide isolated from the urine of a patient with mannosidosis. A comparison of the activity of the pure enzyme towards the natural substrate and synthetic substrates suggests that the same enzymic activity is responsible for hydrolysing all the substrates. These results validate the use of synthetic substrates for determining the mannosidosis genotype. They are also further evidence that mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of acidic alpha-mannosidase. PMID- 821470 TI - 4-NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate, a new chromophoric reagent for protein sequence analysis. AB - 4-NN-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate was synthesized for the purpose of improving the ease and sensitivity of peptide sequence analysis. The method of 4 NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate synthesis, the preparation of 24 4 NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-thiohydantoins of amino acids and their t.l.c. separation are described. All the thiohydantoins, except those of leucine and isoleucine, could be satisfactorily separated by chromatography on a two dimensional polyamide sheet. The sensitive azo group permits the detection of 4 NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-thiohydantoins of amino acids as red spots down to pmol amounts directly on the sheet. A simple sensitive method for sequencing dipeptides and the first two or three N-terminal amino acids of proteins is also reported. The colour change of the spots from purple to blue to red after being exposed to HCl vapour, corresponding to the chemical change from 4-NN dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' isothiocyanate to the 4-NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' thiocarbamoyl amino acid derivative to the 4-NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' thiohydantoin amino acid derivative, reveals a very interesting and valuable feature of this reagent. PMID- 821471 TI - Metabolism of macromolecular heparin in mouse neoplastic mast cells. AB - 1. Polysaccharide in a heparin-producing mouse mastocytoma was pulse-labelled in vivo with [35S] sulphate, and after various periods of time was isolated from subcellular fractions. Such fractions were recovered from tissue homogenates by consecutive centrifugations at 1000g for 10min, 20000g for 20min and 100000g for 1h. Initially the 35S-labelled polysaccharide formed occurred principally in the second centrifugal fraction (20000g precipitate), with small amounts in the first (granular) and third (microsomal) fractions. Analysis for glycosyltransferase activity confirmed that glycosaminoglycans were formed chiefly in particles sedimenting at 20000g. Molecules of this newly synthesized polysaccharide were considerably larger than those of commercially available heparin, as judged from gel chromatography. 2. Within the first hour after injection of [35S]sulphate, most of the labelled polysaccharide was redistributed from the second to the first centrifugal fraction. During, and possibly also after, this shift, the macromolecular polysaccharide was degraded, ultimately to the size of commercial heparin. The degradation process appeared complete 6h after injection of [35S]sulphate. 3. Particulate subcellular fractions were incubated with macromolecular [35S]heparin and the products were analysed by gel chromatography. Significant degradation of the substrate occurred only with the second centrifugal fraction. Further characterization of this fraction, by density gradient centrifugation in iso-osmotic colloidal silica, revealed a single visible band of particles, at approximately the same density at lysosomes. This band contained all the beta-glucuronidase, 35S-labelled endogenous polysacchride and heparin-degrading enzyme present in the second fraction. PMID- 821472 TI - The regulation of transport of glucose, gluconate and 2-oxogluconate and of glucose catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - 1. The induction by glucose and gluconate of the transport systems and catabolic enzymes for glucose, gluconate and 2-oxogluconate was studied with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 growing in a chemostat under conditions of nitrogen limitation with citrate as the major carbon source. 2. In the presence of a residual concentration of 30mM-citrate an inflowing glucose concentration of 6-8 mM was required to induce the glucose-transport system and associated catabolic enzymes. When the glucose concentration was raised to 20mM the glucose-transport system was repressed, but the transport system for gluconate, and at higher glucose concentrations, that for 2-oxogluconate, were induced. No repression of the glucose-catabolizing enzymes occurred at the higher inflowing glucose concentrations. 3. In the presence of 30mM-citrate no marked threshold concentration was required for the induction of the gluconate-transport system by added gluconate. 4. In the presence of 30mM-citrate and various concentrations of added glucose and gluconate, the activity of the glucose-transport system accorded with the proposal that a major factor concerned in the repression of this system was the concentration of gluconate, produced extracellularly by glucose dehydrogenase. 5. This proposal was supported by chemostat experiments with mutants defective in glucose dehydrogenase. Such mutants showed no repression of the glucose-transport system by high inflowing concentrations, but with a mutant apparently defective only in glucose dehydrogenase, the addition of gluconate caused repression of the glucose-transport system. 6. Studies with the mutants showed that both glucose and gluconate can induce the enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff system, whereas for the induction of the gluconate-transport system glucose must be converted into gluconate. PMID- 821473 TI - The effects of benzopyrene and safrole on biphenyl 2-hydroxylase and other drug metabolizing enzymes. AB - A study was made of the nature and specificity of the increase in biphenyl 2 hydroxylase activity after preincubation of liver microsomal preparations with various carcinogens in vitro. This enhancement of enzyme activity in vitro was investigated in mouse, hamster and rat, and although the rat appears to be atypical in the variation of the pattern of 2- and 4-hydroxylation with age, similar enhancements were detectable in each species examined. An increase in biphenyl 2-hydroxylase activity was apparent 2h after intraperitoneal administration of safrole or benzopyrene to mature Wistar albino rats and appeared to be similar in nature to that observed after preincubation of liver microsomal preparations with the same chemical in vitro. Investigation of other drug-metabolizing enzyme systems suggests that the enhancing effects of carcinogens in vitro are specific for biphenyl 2-hydroxylase. No correlation between the enhancement of biphenyl 2-hydroxylase and inhibtion of biphenyl 4 hydroxylase was apparent. PMID- 821474 TI - Effect on uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity of depleting and restoring phospholipids to guinea-pig liver microsomal preparations. AB - Phospholipid depletion substantially inhibited the maximum demonstrable activities of the forward (glucuronidation) and reverse reactions of UDP glucuronyltransferase towards p-nitrophenol in guinea-pig liver microsomal preparations. Dispersions of liver phospholipids restored activity, whereas non phospholipid amphipaths failed to do so effectively. These results suggest that the system is probably phospholipid-dependent rather than conformationally constrained by phospholipids. PMID- 821475 TI - Spectroscopic evidence for the uneven distribution of adenine and uracil residues in ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Drosophila melanogaster and of Plasmodium knowlesi and its possible evolutionary significance. AB - RNA was isolated from subribosomal particles of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. The nucleotide composition (mole fraction) of the principal species was obtained (S-rRNA, 0.295A, 0.36U, 0.25G, 0.105C: L-rRNA, 0.326A, 0.31U, 0.228G, 0.144C). Ribosomal RNA was also isolated from Drosophila melanogaster. Optical properties of these A + U-rich species were measured. In all four cases analysis of the hypochromic effect revealed that adenine and uracil residues tended to form clusters along the polynucleotide chain. A substantial fraction of residues was located in bihelical regions of approx. 50% G-C base pairs or in regions of approx. 30-35% G-C base pairs. The possible evolutionary significance of these results was considered on the basis of comparison with properties of rRNA from bacteria (Escherichia coli) and a mammal (rabbit reticulocyte). PMID- 821476 TI - Production of 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidate in human erythrocytes treated with calcium ions and ionophore A23187. AB - 1. When the ionophore A23187 and Ca2+ were added to normal human erythrocytes, the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidate was enhanced within 1 min, but there was only slight labelling of other phospholipids. 2. Labelling of phosphatidate in these cells did not continue to increase after about 20min at 37 degrees C; by this time, radioactivity in phosphatidate was about ten times higher inionophore A23187-treated cells than in controls. A net synthesis of phosphatidate was measured in response to the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration; the content of this phospholipid in the cell was increased by approximately 50%. 3. In the presence of 2.5 mM-Ca2+ a maximum effect was seen with about 0.5 mug of ionophore/ml. 4. The concentration of Ca2+ giving half-maximal labelling of phosphatidate in the presence of 10 mug of ionophore A23187/ml was about 10 muM. 5. A rapid decrease of ATP content in the cell occurred in ionophore-treated cells. 6. Labelling of phosphatidate appeared to be secondary to the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol in the cells; accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol was only seen after about 15 min. After 60 min, the 1,2-diacylglycerol content of the cells was five to seven times that of untreated control cells. 7. The change in the shape of erythrocytes treated with Ca2+ and ionophore appeared to be related to accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol. 8. The source of 1,2-diacylglycerol has not been definitely identified, but its fatty acid compositon was similar to that of phosphatidylcholine. However, it has an unusually high content of hexadecenoic acid, a fatty acid not common in the major erythrocyte phospholipids. 9. Accumulation of 1,2-diacyglycerol also occurred in energy-starved cells, even in the absence of calcium; in this case it appeared to be produced by phosphatidate breakdown. PMID- 821477 TI - Synthesis of adenosine triphosphate during release of intravesicular and membrane bound calcium ions from passively loaded sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle and incubated in a medium containing Ca2+ in the absence of ATP retains intravesicular and/or membrane-bound Ca2+. The synthesis of ATP coupled with the release of intravesicular Ca2+ is totally inhibited by the ionophore X-537A. Release of the membrane-bound Ca2+, retained after short periods of incubation (10min) or after release of the intravesicular Ca2+ by ionophore X-537A, still supports some synthesis of ATP. The ratios of Ca2+ released to ATP synthesized are 2.5-3.2, when bound and intravesicular Ca2+ are released simultaneously, and 3.1-4.0, when only bound Ca2+ is released. The results show that the synthesis of ATP by sarcoplasmic reticulum during release of passively accumulated Ca2+ by EGTA [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetic acid] is accompanied by a loss of membrane-bound Ca2+. PMID- 821478 TI - Isolation of a Golgi-apparatus-enriched fraction from leukaemic cells. AB - 1. A Golgi-apparatus-enriched fraction was isolated from acute leukaemic lymphoblasts of AKR mice by using an homogenate stabilized with 1 mM glutaraldehyde. 2. The isolated fraction, which was shown morphologically to be enriched in dictyosomes, possessed between 44- and 76-fold increase in specific activity, compared with the tumour homogenate, of UDP-galactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase and between 3- and10.5-fold increase in relative specific activity of UDP-N-acetygalactosamine-polypeptide N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. 3. Plasma membranes isolated from the leukaemic lymphoblasts also possessed glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity, though in contrast with Golgi-apparatus-enriched material had no detectable polypeptide N-acetygalactosaminyltransferase. 4. The difficulties associated with maintaining the morphological integrity of the Golgi apparatus in subcellular fractionation are discussed. PMID- 821479 TI - Studies on the purification and properties of UDP-galactose glycoprotein galactosyltransferase from rat liver and serum. AB - 1. Rat liver microsomal preparations incubated with 200mM-NaCl at either 0 or 30 degrees C released about 20-30% of the membrane-bound UDP-galactose-glycoprotein galactosyl-transferase (EC 2.4.1.22) into a 'high-speed' supernatant. The 'high speed' supernatant was designated the 'saline wash' and the galactosyltransferase released into this fraction required Triton X-100 for activation. It was purified sixfold by chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and appeared to have a higher molecular weight than the soluble serum enzyme. 2. Rat serum galactosyltransferase was purified 6000-7000-fold by an affinity-chromatographic technique using a column of activated Sepharose 4B coupled with alpha lactalbumin. The purified enzyme ran as a single broad band on polacrylamide gels and contained no sialytransferase, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and UDP galactose pyrophosphatase activities. 3. The highly purified enzyme had properties similar to those of both soluble and membrane-bound galactosyltransferase. It required 0.1% Triton X-100 for stabilization, but lost activity on freezing. The enzyme had an absolute requirement for Mn2+, not replaceable by Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ or Co2+. It was active over a wide pH range (6-8) and had a pH optimum of 6.8. The apparent Km for UDP-galactose was 12.5 x 10(-6) M. Alpha-Lactalbumin had no appreciable effect on UDP-galactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase, but it increased the specificity for glucose rather than for N-acetylglucosamine, thus modifying the enzyme to a lactose synthetase. 4. The possibility of a conversion of higher-molecular-weight liver enzyme into soluble serum enzyme is discussed, especially in relation to the elevated activities of this and other glycosyltransferases in patients with liver diseases. PMID- 821480 TI - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in vitamin B-12-deficient Euglenagracilis. AB - The size of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools of vitamin B-12-deficient cells of Euglena gracilis, and of vitamin B-12-deficient cells repleted with the vitamin, were measured. We found that the pools were very small, if they exist at all, in deficient cells but expand rapidly with the addition of the vitamin. The sizes of the pools decrease when DNA synthesis is completed, and are very small when the cells begin to divide. PMID- 821483 TI - Metabolism of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin F2alpha in the cynomolgus monkey and the human female. PMID- 821481 TI - Glycogen synthesis in the perfused liver of adrenalectomized rats. AB - 1. A total loss of capacity for net glycogen synthesis was observed in experiments with the perfused liver of starved adrenalectomized rats. 2. This lesion was corrected by insulin or cortisol in vivo (over 2-5h), but not by any agent tested in perfusion. 3. The activity of glycogen synthetase a, and its increase during perfusion, in the presence of glucose plus glucogenic substrates, were proportional to the rate of net glycogen accumulation. 4. This complete inherent loss of capacity for glycogen synthesis after adrenalectomy is greater than any defect in hepatic metabolism yet reported in this situation, and is not explicable by a decrease in the rate of gluconegenesis (which supports glycogen synthesis in the liver of starved rats). The short-term (2-5h) stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids in the intact animal, on hepatic glycogen deposition, may be mediated partly through insulin action, although neither insulin or cortisol appear to act directly on the liver to stimulate glycogen synthesis. PMID- 821482 TI - Studies on J-chain biosynthesis in tumours producing immunoglobulins in NZB mice. AB - Investigation of biosynthesis of J chain in plasmacytomas induced in NZB mice revealed that this protein was not only synthesized in the cells that produce polymer immunoglobulin A but also in those that produce immunoglobulin G monomer. It was also found that protein similar to J chain of BALB/c-mice was associated with polymer immunoglobulin A but not with immunoglobulin G of NZB mouse myeloma proteins. PMID- 821484 TI - Immunochemical evidence for the involvement of adrenal ferredoxin in the side chain cleavage of 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol. PMID- 821485 TI - The role of epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the covalent binding of polycyclic hydrocarbon to DNA and its relationship to tumor initiation. PMID- 821487 TI - Novel nucleotides from E. coli isolated and partially characterized. PMID- 821486 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases prolactin mRNA activity in the cytoplasm of GH-cells as measured by translation in a wheat germ cell-free system. PMID- 821488 TI - Diazepam metabolism in human cortex kidney microsomes. PMID- 821489 TI - Effect of carbidopa on the metabolism of L-dopa in the pigtail monkey. PMID- 821491 TI - Identity of a peritoneal fluid immunoglobulin light chain and the amyloid fibril in primary amyloidosis. AB - A monoclonal immunoglobulin has been isolated from the peritoneal fluid of a patient with primary amyloidosis. The immunoglobulin was reduced and alkylated and the light and heavy chains were compared to the major protein constituent of that patient's hepatic amyloid fibrils. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the light chain and amyloid fibril were identical when carried to 20 residues and were typical of a kappa I light chain. Molecular weight studies suggested that the fibril protein was composed of an intact light chain with a molecular weight of 23,000. The hypothesis that amyloid fibril protein in primary amyloid is derived from circulating monoclonal immunoglobulin is discussed. PMID- 821490 TI - Glucuronidation of paracetamol, morphine and 1-naphthol in the rat intestinal loop. PMID- 821492 TI - [Distribution, absorption and elimination of radioactivity following oral and intravenous application of 2'-14C-labelled cyproterone acetate to rhesus monkeys (author's transl)]. AB - 13 female rhesus monkeys were given 2'-14C-cyproterone acetate i.v. and p.o. The radioactivity of the blood plasma and the elimination in urine and faeces were then measured at suitable intervals for a period of 12 days. After i.v. administration the time for distribution in the body amounted to 8 h. The extrapolated initial concentrations in the equilibrium to distribution amounted to 0.68% of the administered dose in the plasma volume, and the theoretical volume of distribution was 5 times the body volume. After oral administration the maximum levels in the plasma were reached on an average 13 h after administration. They attained the level of the extrapolated initial concentration after i.v. administration. The compound was eliminated from the body with a radioactive half-life of 1.6 to 1.8 days, irrespective of the route of administration. The mean ratio of elimination urine: faeces was approximately 0.7 for all animals. After oral administration 81% of the dose was absorbed on the average. PMID- 821494 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of pramiverine in rats, dogs, and monkeys (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of 4,4-diphenyl-N-isopropyl-cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (pramiverine, Sistalgin) in Wistar rats, beagles, and rhesus monkeys are described. After i.v. injection of 14C-labelled pramiverine incorporation of radioactivity from the blood into organs and tissues is rapid. The radioactivity is eliminated from the blood with a half-life of 4-7 h in rats, 17-32 in dogs, and 8-26 h in rhesus monkeys. Unmetabolized pramiverine, in contrast, is eliminated much faster, the half-lives are 2 h in dogs and 3 h in rhesus monkeys. After oral administration maximum serum concentrations are reached after 4 h in rats and dogs and 2 h in rhesus monkeys. The drug undergoes a marked first-pass effect in the liver. In all species pramiverine is absorbed rapidly from the gastro-intestinal tract. Drug and/or metabolites are eliminated in rats and dogs predominantly with feces, in monkeys with urine, independent of the route of administration. During a 6 h interval, biliary elimination was found to be 50% after i.v. and 30% after oral administration. 90% of pramiverine present in the blood plasma is reversibly bound to proteins. PMID- 821495 TI - [Metabolism of pramiverine (author's transl)]. AB - The metabolite patterns of 4,4-diphenyl-N-isopropyl-cyclohexylamine-hydrochloride (pramiverine, Sistalgin) in urine, feces, bile and serum of Wistar rats, beagle dogs, rhesus monkey and man were analyzed with radio thin-layer chromatographic techniques. The structures of six pramiverine metabolites were elucidated. Pramiverine is eliminated unchanged in only minute amounts via the renal, the biliary and the fecal route. Consequently an almost quantitative absorption and metabolism takes place. Metabolite patterns in serum and urine differ considerably indicating that some of the metabolites are excreted preferentially by the kidney while others are reabsorbed to various degrees. The identified metabolites are products of dealkylation, deamination and hydroxylation reactions. PMID- 821493 TI - [On the cholinolytic activity of pramiverine]. AB - Pharmacological experiments with the spasmolytic 4,4-diphenyl-N-isopropyl cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (pramiverine, Sistalgin) are reported. The anticholinergic and spasmolytic action was tested in vitro on segments of abdominal organs in comparison with atropin, hyoscin-N-butylbromide and Eupaverin. Acetylcholine, arecoline, carbachol and pilocarpine were used as cholinergic agonists. Besides, neostigmine was applied. Pramiverine is distinguished by a strong anticholinergic and a papaverine-like spasmolytic component. In vitro the anticholinergic action of pramiverine on the small intestine (guinea pig, rabbit), gall bladder (guinea pig) and uterus (guinea pig, rat) was equally strong as the effect of atropine, but on the urinary bladder (guinea pig) the effect was 5 times weaker. The anticholinergic effect was also demonstrated in other models: intestinal spasms after neostigmine injection in the guinea pig; hypotensive effect after acetylcholine administration in rabbits, cats and dogs; salivation after pilocarpine administration in rabbits; tremorine test in rats. The gastric secretion in the Shay rat and the gastrointestinal passage were reduced or inhibited by pramiverine. The test substance was also active on oral application. PMID- 821496 TI - [Pediatric problems managed by parenteral feeding and elemental diet]. PMID- 821497 TI - [A new method for the liberation of microsporidia using ultrasonics]. PMID- 821498 TI - [Study of cell-mediated immunity in acute hepatitis B in the leukocyte migration inhibition test]. PMID- 821499 TI - [The diencephalo-hypophyseo-thyroid axis in essential obesity. Note I. Pituitary TSH response to intravenous TRH]. PMID- 821500 TI - [The diencephalo-hypophyseo-thyroid axis in essential obesity. Note II. Evaluation of the thyroid T4 (D) after stimulation with intravenous TRH]. PMID- 821501 TI - [The diencephalo-hypophyseo-thyroid axis in essential obesity. Note III. The thyroid T3 response to intravenous TRH]. PMID- 821502 TI - [Aspect of reticulocytes and erythroblasts studied by fluorescence microscopy in hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by autoantibodies and isoantibodies. II. Reticulocytes in hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh and ABO incompatibility]. PMID- 821503 TI - [Quantitative determination of drosopterin and xanthommatin in Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 821504 TI - [Interrelationships between pterin pigments and ommochrome pigments in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Content of xanthommatin in wild flies, in mal and bw mutants and in mal-bw double mutants]. PMID- 821505 TI - The social functioning of opiate maintenance clinics in London and New York City. PMID- 821506 TI - Severe diabetic metabolic decompensation. PMID- 821507 TI - Neonatal modification of endocrine functions and mammary carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - Effects of neonatal androgenization or neonatal ovariectomy in female rats on endocrine functions and mammary tumourigenesis are examined. Pituitary gonadotrophin contents (both LH and FSH) are significantly lower in neonatally androgenized rats (TT) and significantly increased in neonatally ovariectomized rats (NO) when compared with controls of the same age. Plasma and pituitary prolactin levels are higher in TT rats than in the control rats of the same age, but the difference is not significant. Mammary tumours developing in TT rats after DMBA treatment are predominantly fibroadenomata, and lactogenesis in TT rats occurs almost entirely in those receiving DMBA treatment. Neonatal ovariectomy in female rats protects against subsequent induction of mammary cnacer by DMBA. The relationship between neonatal modification of endocrine functions and mammary tumourigenesis is discussed. PMID- 821508 TI - Effect of pretreatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on the course of a Listeria monocytogenes infection in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - The effect of pretreatment with BCG on the course of a Listeria monomcytogenes infection was studied in nu/nu mice and in their heterozygous littermates (+/nu). First, evidence was presented that the nu/nu mice used lacked functional T cells, since BCG treatment resulted only in skin reactivity to tuberculin in +/nu mice and not in nu/nu mice. Acquired resistance to Listeria (based on lower spleen counts) was only obtained in BCG pretreated +/nu mice. Evidence was presented that BCG pretreatment in nu/nu mice failed to increase non-specific resistance, both in terms of spleen counts and survival rate. These results seem to imply that functional T cells are required for this type of non-specific resistance to heterologous antigens. In this connection attention has been drawn to the possible implication of BCG treatment in man. PMID- 821509 TI - Leukotactic properties of soluble substances in psoriasis scale. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the production of transepidermal migration of leukocytes toward the stratum corneum in psoriatic lesions, the chemotactic properties of soluble substances in psoriasis scales were examined by a modified Boyden's chamber. All crude extracts of horny tissues studied, i.e. callus, scales of exfoliative dermatitis and of psoriasis vulgaris, showed chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood leukocytes. But only the chemotactic activity of the psoriasis scale extract was highly potent. This was greatly reduced after dialysis. Fresh serum was not required to manifest the chemotactic activity. By Sephadex G-200 chromatography, the scale extracts from psoriasis vulgaris and pustular psoriasis had potent activity eluted near the cytochrome C marker. The same fractions of other horny tissue extracts, bacterial filtrate prepared from cultured psoriasis scale fragments, and serum did not show such potent activity. On the basis of analysis by gel filtration and recent findings of immunopathological studies, a postulate was made that a complement derived chemotactic factor, possibly a C5 cleavage product, developed as a result of antigen-antibody reaction in the stratum corneum of psoriatic lesions. PMID- 821510 TI - Hospital and society. PMID- 821511 TI - Follicle stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin, human growth hormone and prolactin in hyperemesis gravidarum. AB - To investigate the functional capacity of the anterior pituitary gland in hyperemesis gravidarum, the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotrophin (TSH), human growth hormone (HGH) and prolactin were measured before and after the combined administration of gonadotrophin and thyrotrophin releasing hormones, (GnRH, TRH), and insulin in seven normal pregnancies, nine with hyperemesis and eight nonpregnant subjects. There was no difference between normal pregnancy and hyperemesis for FSH and TSH, but the basal level of HGH was lower and that of prolactin higher in hyperemesis although their responses following stimulation were similar. Thus there seems to be no hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland in hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID- 821513 TI - Serum albumin and transferrin protein-energy malnutrition. Their use in the assessment of marginal undernutrition and the prognosis of severe undernutrition. AB - 1. Deficits in weight- and length-for-age, and serum albumin and transferrin concentrations were determined for children who were either marginally undernourished (twenty-five children) or suffering from either marasmus (thirty two children) or kwashiorkor (twenty-six children) defined according to the Wellcome Classification (Waterlow, 1972). The measurements were also made in eight children with kwashiorkor after the loss of oedema, and in sixteen children who were recovering from either marasmus or kwashiorkor. 2. The mean concentration of serum albumin was similar for children from the 'under nourished' group and from the group with marasmus, but was significantly reduced in those with kwashiorkor. 3. The concentration of serum transferrin was significantly reduced in both the group of children with marasmus and those with kwashiorkor. The serum transferrin concentration was significantly lower in children with kwashiorkor when compared with the level in those with marasmus. 4. Seventeen children (seven with kwashiorkor and ten with marasmus) died. These children were neither lighter nor shorter than the severely malnourished children who survived. The concentration of serum albumin was not lower in the children who died than in those who survived. 5. In contrast to the results for serum albumin concentrations, the children who died had significantly lower levels of serum transferrin than those who survived. 6. There was a significant linear relationship between serum transferrin concentrations and the deficits in length for-age (P less than 0-05) and weight-for-length (P less than 0-001) in the marginally undernourished children. The deficit in weight-for-length was also linearly related to the serum transferrin concentrations (P less than 0-001) in children recovering from severe malnutrition. 7. It is suggested that the measurement of serum transferrin concentrations provides an index of severity in severely malnourished children, and should prove useful in field assessments of nutritional status. PMID- 821514 TI - Comparison of chemical and microbiological methods in the estimation of methionine in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds. AB - 1. Meals were prepared from the seeds of fifteen varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), one of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and one of yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), and their methionine content was determined by six different methods. 2. Total methionine content was determined by two chemical methods (ion-exchange chromatography and a colorimetric procedure) and by two microbiological methods. The 'available' methionine content was determined by microbiological assay with Streptococcus zymogenes. 3. All the different methods for total methionine determination gave similar results, with much the same high extent of precision. 4. The value for 'available' methionine content were similar to or marginally higher than the corresponding microbiological assay value for total methionine content. There was no indication that the methionine in any of the test samples was not completely available. PMID- 821512 TI - Ossifying Fibroma-one disease or six? An analysis of 39 fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. AB - Thirty-nine cases of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws of which ten cases were reported as central ossifying fibromata are reviewed. Such lesions usually present in young adults with the exception of classical fibrous dysplasia which is normally first diagnosed in the second decade of life. All the lesions appear to be more common in females and with the exception of the peripheral ossifying fibroma show a prediliction for the mandible. It is argued that as there is no absolute histological distinction between bone and cementum and as cementum-like areas of calcification are seen in fibro-osseous lesions of all membrane bones the distinction between ossifying and cementifying lesions should be discontinued. It is also suggested that the benign fibro-osseous jaw lesions may represent different stages in the evolution of a single disease process. PMID- 821515 TI - Luminescence studies on Bence-Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins and their subunits. AB - To provide information on the tertiary structure of the antibody molecule we have investigated the luminescent properties of the light polypeptide chain of human immunoglobulins. The fluorescence and phosphorescence yields, spectra, lifetimes, and anisotropies of a large number of homogeneous light chains, i.e., Bence-Jones proteins and light chains derived from myeloma proteins, were measured. No two proteins gave identical tyrosyl or tryptophyl fluorescence spectra in comparative studies on over 75 proteins belonging to the four basic subgroups of kappa chains and of lambda chains. Spectral differences were apparent even among proteins exhibiting more than 85% amino acid sequence identity. The fluorescence yields of tyrosine and tryptophan vaired 10- and 100-fold, respectively; the Stokes' shift of tryptophan ranged from 328 to 365 nm, but that for tyrosine was apparently invariant (305-307nm). Emission as well as excitation spectra showed tyrosyl and tryptophyl redidues interact minimally or not at all. Fluorescence lifetimes of the tyrosyl and tryptophyl contributions were measured spearately, and the apparent natural lifetimes were calculated. Proteins could be grouped in accordance with similarities in fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence yields; there was no evident relationship between these groupings and the light chain type (kappa or lambda), amino acid sequence, or tryptophan content. Also apparent were individual differences among kappa light chains and among lambda light chains in respect to their tyrosyl and trptophyl phosphorescence spectra and phosphorescence lifetimes. Certain proteins showed an atypical, short-lived tryptophan phosphorescence decay time. Such variance in the luminescent behavior of the tryptophyl residue(s) indicates a conformational interaction between the V and C domains of light chains. Selective proteolytic cleavage of the light chain into VL and CL fragments permitted the comparison to be made of the luminescent properties of the V and C domains with those of the whole protein. The V domain and intact protein have luminescent features in common, whereas the C domain possesses features distinctive from that of the native protein. Data derived from fluorescence anisotropy spectral studies of intact light chains and their VL related fragments indicate that energy transfer between tryptophyl residues occurs in the C domain. The results of emission spectroscopic measurements performed at 220 and at 77 K indicate that the observed phophorescence of light chains is mainly from a tryptophyl residue contiguous to a disulfide link. The potential for interdomain interaction in light chains is evidenced by the finding that the orientation of the tryptophyl residue(s) in the V domain can influence the tryptophyl-disulfide ling interactions in the C domain; this interaction may account further for the extensive structural diversity of antibody molecules. PMID- 821517 TI - Primer dependency of glycogen synthetase during differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, has a life cycle in which the limited number of cell types and easily recognizable stages of development offer a unique model to relate biochemical events to differentiation. Ultramicrochemical techniques were employed to assay enzyme activity and product levels in cell samples as small as 0.02 mug of dry weight in reaction volumes of 0.1 mug. The techniques utilized an amplification procedure employing the enzymatic cycling of pyridine nucleotides. Glycogen synthetase (glucose 6 phophate independent form) was assayed in individual organisms over the time course of development. From aggregation to culmination, activity decreased and was dependent on soluble glycogen primer. From culmination to sorocarp stage, enzyme activity was independent of soluble glycogen primer. Further, the enzyme and its glycogen product were recovered in a low-spin (2000g) pellet fraction from sorocarp homogenates. The change in primer requirements and solubility of enzyme and product occurred during culmination. Localization studies in developing spore cells revealed trends in enzyme activities and solubilities of enzyme and product similar to those in whole organisms. Possible models of cell specific biochemical events in D. discoideum are discussed. PMID- 821516 TI - Isolation of a transcriptionally active chromosome from chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis. AB - A transcriptionally active chromosome has been isolated in highly purified form from choroplasts of Euglena gracilis, It contains chloroplast DNA, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and other proteins. Transcription occurs at low levels of endogenous DNA, and is indifferent to high levels of exogenous DNA. RNA chain elongation continues for several hours in vitro, and RNA chain initiation, determined by [gamma-32P]ATP incorporation, is continuous for at least 1 h in vitro. Maximal rates for RNA synthesis require only a divalent cation and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. Apparent Km values for adenosine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, and uridine triphosphate are 4.0, 0.6, 2.5, and 2.3 muM, respectively. As would be expected for a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RNA synthesis is inhibited by actinomycin D. However, rifampicin and streptolydigin, inhibitors of procaryotic RNA synthesis, and alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of eucaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases II and III, do not inhibt the RNA synthesis reaction. Heparin, which is a potent inhibitor of the initiation of RNA synthesis by a nontemplate bound RNA polymerase, also does not inhibit RNA synthesis. Isolation of transcriptionally active chromosomes should prove to be a useful method to study the mechanism of selective RNA transcription of eucaryotic chromosomes. PMID- 821518 TI - Messenger ribonucleic acid metabolism in mammalian mitochondria. Isolation and characterization of polyribosomes from Ehrlich ascites mitochondria. AB - The Mg2+ precipitation procedure of R. D. Palmiter ((1974) Biochemistry 13, 3606) has been used for preparative scale isolation of polysomes from Ehrlich ascites mitochondria. Digitonin-washed metochondria used for isolating the polysomes contain no detectable reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate cytochrome c reductase and over 200-fold reduced hexokinase activity. The mitochondrial polysomes exhibit a heterogeneous sedimentation and appear to contain highly aggregated particlses ranging over hexamers. These polysomes are sensitive to RNase, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid and puromycin. Mitochondrial polysomes are active in portein synthesis when supplied with supernatant enzymes from the homologous mitochondrial source or from Escherichia coli. Cytoplasmic enzymes, however, appear to be completely inactive. Protein synthesis by mitochrondrial polysomes is sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to cycloheximide and emetine. The procedure yields particles containing intact rRNAs. The extent of cytoplasmic RNA contaminating the total mitochondrial RNA or mitochondrial polysomal RNA has been estimated to be negligible. PMID- 821519 TI - Proteinase inhibitor II from potatoes: isolation and characterization of its protomer components. AB - Proteinase inhibitor II, an inhibitor of chymotrypsin and trypsin, is a heat stable protein with a dimeric molecular weight of 21 000 that is a component of Russet Burbank potato tubers. Four monomeric isoinhibitor species of molecular weight 10 500 comprise inhibitor II and were isolated by chromatography on phosphocellulose in 8 M urea. Upon removal of the urea, each monomeric species dimerized to yield homogeneous dimers. The three major protomer species, called B, C, and D, and their homogeneous dimers were further characterized. They have similar molecular weights and amino acid compositions, and each has an N-terminal alanine residue. Dimers of purified protomers B, C, and D exhibited full cross reactivities with each other in immunological double-diffusion assays. Reconstituted dimers possess two binding sites for bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, indicating that each monomer possesses one binding site for this enzyme. Significant differences were noted among the reconstituted dimers in their isoelectric points, immunoelectrophoretic mobilities, ion-exchange properties, and their inhibitory reactivities against trypsin. The properties of the inhibitor II dimeric species are similar but not identical to inhibitors IIa and IIb reported from Japanese potatoes (variety "Danshaku-Imo"), indicating the existence of intervarietal, as well as intravarietal, differences among potato tuber inhibitor II isoinhibitors. PMID- 821520 TI - Isolation of L-cell messenger RNA which lacks poly(adenylate). AB - It has been found that centrifugation of (ethylenediamine)tetraacetic acid dissociated L-cell polyribosomes at 25 degrees C through preformed CS2SO4 density gradients containing 15% dimethyl sulfoxide resolves them into two distinct classes of particles that contain ribosomal and messenger RNA, respectively. Ribosomal RNA bands at a higher density than mRNA, presumably because it is more extensively stripped of protein by the action of CS2SO4 than mRNA. Undergraded RNA can be recovered from the gradients by trapping the particles on nitrocellulose filters and then eluting at 60 degrees C with a solution containing formamide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. When cells were labeled with [3H]adenosine, either in the presence or absence of a dose of actinomycin D which selectively inhibits rRNA synthesis, and their polyribosomes centrifuged through CS2SO4 density gradients, a large amount of the radioactivity recovered from the messenger-ribonucleoprotein region of the gradient had the size distribution of mRNA, but lacked poly(adenylate) (poly (A)). This material constituted 29-31% of the total mRNA. Histone mRNA was the most prominent component of poly(A)-lacking mRNA. However, 50-65% of the poly(A)-lacking mRNA was of larger size than histone mRNA. PMID- 821521 TI - Sialic acid uptake by fibroblasts. AB - The existence of surface sialytransferases that use cytidine monophosphate (CMP) sialic acid as substrate has been postulated in previous studies. This is based on the assumption that if whole, viable cells can catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to endogenous acceptors, then the transferases carrying out the reaction must be on the cell surface, provided that (1) CMP-sialic acid does not enter the cells, and (2) CMP-sialic acid does not break down outside the cells, yielding free sialic acid which then may enter the cells, in amounts large enough to explain the incorporation. We now report evidence showing that after incubation of intact NIL, BHK, and 3T3 fibroblasts with CMP-sialic acid, at least 78% of the sialic acid incorporated by these cells is the result of free sialic acid uptake. When cells growing in a monolayer were incubated with a mixture of CMP-[14C]sialic acid and [3H]CMP-sialic acid with a ratio of 3H/14C=0.60, this ratio was found to be markedly increased in whole cells. Chemical analyses of the radioactive species in the incubation medium showed that a considerable portion of the radiolabeled sugar nucleotide had broken down to cytidine, phosphoric acid, and sialic acid. Upon incubation of cells with doubly labeled sugar nucleotide in the presence of a large excess of both nonradiolabeled cytidine and sialic acid, the cells incorporated less than 6% of both isotopes. Incubation of cells with a mixture of CMP-[14C]sialic acid and [3H]sialic acid resulted in only 20-40% of the radioactivity within the cells being membrane bound, and 70-90% of this incorporation could be inhibited by the addition of 10 mM azide to the incubation medium. The possibility that a small fraction of the total incorporation of sialic acid by these cells is due to surface sialytransferases cannot be completely ruled out. The uptake of free sialic acid by these fibroblasts is concentration dependent and a portion of it is incorporated into glycoproteins and glycolipids. Considerable loss of cell integrity was observed when fibroblasts grown on plates were removed by (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid or trypsin and subsequently incubated in buffer, indicating that these preparations are not suitable for intact cell studies. PMID- 821523 TI - On the mechanism of divalent metal ion chelator induced activation of the 7S nerve growth factor esteropeptidase. Thermodynamics and kinetics of activation. AB - The 7S nerve growth factor protein (7S NGF) is a multisubunit zinc metalloprotein containing a masked trypsin-like esteropeptidase activity. Reaction of the native 7S NGF oligomer with divalent metal ion chelators effects an approximately sevenfold activation of the esteropeptidase activity via the sequestering and dissociation of the 7S NGF-bound zinc ion (Pattison, S. E., and Dunn, M. F. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 2733; Pattison, S. E., and Dunn, M. F. (1976), Biochemistry, preceding paper in this issue). In this study, investigation of the relationship between chelator concentration and the extent of activation, as measured by the steady-state rate of hydrolysis of alpha-N-benzoyl-D,L-arginine-p nitroanilide, has demonstrated that (a) the chelator-induced activation is a freely reversible process, (b) activated 7S NGF undergoes a slow loss of reversibility when incubated with chelator over long time-periods, (c) the affinity constant of 7S NGF for zinc ion is approximately 10(10.5) +/- 10(0.5) M( 1), (d) chelator activation depends only on the ability of the chelator to sequester zinc ion, and (e) the activation process does not involve dissociation of the 7S oligomer to smaller subunit aggregates under conditions of low ionic strength. PMID- 821522 TI - On the mechanism of divalent metal ion chelator induced activation of the 7S nerve growth factor esteropeptidase. Activation by 2,2',2''-terpyridine and by 8 hydroxyquinoline 5-sulfonic acid. AB - Our previous studies (Pattison, S. E., and Dunn, M. F. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 2733) have shown that the reaction of divalent metal ion chelators with the 140 000 mol wt mouse submaxillary nerve growth factor protein (7S NGF) activates the iota-subunit esteropeptidase activity ca. sevenfold. Ultraviolet-visible spectral studies with the chelator 2,2',2''-terpyridine (terpyridine) and fluorescence emission studies with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HQSA) in combination with both conventional and rapid-mixing stopped-flow kinetic techniques have been employed in the present study to investigate (a) the mechanism of the chelator induced activation process, and (b) the identity of the divalent metal ion involved. The spectral studies confirm the presence of stoichiometrically significant amounts of tightly bound zinc ion in native 7S NGF (1-2 g-atoms of An2+/mol of 7S NGF). The kinetic studies show that the reaction of terpyridine with 7S NGF occurs via a two-step process involving first a rapid, apparent second-order step (k1 = 1 x 10(6) M-1 s-1) to form a 7S NGF-Zn2+-chelator monocomplex, then a slow step to form a bis(terpyridine)-Zn(II) complex and activated 7S NGF in an apparent first-order process (kobsd = 0.10 min-1). This rate is, within experimental error, identical with the apparent first-order rate constant for the chelator-induced activation process (monitored by the rate of change in the steady-state rate of hydrolysis of chromophoric substrate, alpha-N benzoyl-D,L-arginine-p-nitroanilide). Kinetic studies of the reaction of HQSA with native 7S NGF show that, under the same conditions of concentration, the rate of formation of the tris(HQSA)-Zn(II) complex is identical with the rate of the HQSA-induced activation of the 7S NGF esteropeptidase. Thus, these studies unambiguously establish that zinc ion is the metal ion involved in the chelator induced activation process, and that activation involves removal of zinc ion from native 7S NGF. PMID- 821524 TI - Variable region sequence of the light chain from a Waldenstroms IgM with specificity for phosphorylcholine. AB - The variable region sequence of the light chain from the human IgM FR with binding activity for phosphorylcholine has been determined. Automated Edman degradation was used for the whole chain and for a large cyanogen bromide fragment comprising the third hypervariable region and the entire constant part. The rest of the sequence was established by means of the "Dansyl-Edman" technique with tryptic peptides. The sequence of light chain FR can be assigned to the subgroup II of human light chains with which it shares 92% homology within the nonhypervariable (frame-work) residues. There is no apparent sequence homology betweeen the variable region of the human light chain FR and the aminoterminal 41 residues of the light chains published so far from the mouse myeloma proteins TEPC 15, HOPC 8, S 107, and McPC 603 with phosphorylcholine binding activity. Recent data on the light chain of the phosphorylcholin binding mouse myeloma protein MOPC 167 (see Conclusion), however, indicate a considerable structural homology between the first hypervariable region of this murine protein and that of the human IgM FR, suggesting that both IgM FR and IgA MOPC 167 might have been selected by similar antigens. PMID- 821525 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two abnormal human plasma lipoproteins: LP-X1 and LP-X2. AB - Two abnormal lipoproteins (LP-X1 and LP-X2) rich in free cholesterol and phospholipid have been isolated from the plasma of nine different patients with obstructive jaundice. As isolated, both lipoproteins were devoid of low density lipoproteins as judged by agar electrophoresis. In addition, they were free of apoB as judged by double immunodiffusion. However, LP-X1 exhibited a higher phospholipid to protein ratio and a lower hydrated density than LP-X2. The levels of LP-X1 and LP-X2 in plasma were measured in three patients studied for 14 days after corrective surgery for obstructive liver disease. The level of both these abnormal lipoproteins decreased after surgery until the twelfth day when they were completely absent from the plasma of these patients. The rates of this decrease for the two particles are significantly different. These differences in metabolic, chemical, and physical properties of LP-X1 and LP-X2, establish their identity as two distinct and unique lipoprotein particles. PMID- 821526 TI - Barium inhibition of sodium ion transport in toad bladder. AB - The effect of Ba2+ on Na+ transport and electrical characteristics of toad bladder was determined from change produced in short circuit current (Isc), epithelial, apical and basal-lateral potentials (psit, psia, psib), epithelial and membrane resistances (Rt, Ra, Rb) and shunt resistance (Rs). Mucosal Ba2+ had no effect. Serosal Ba2+ reduced Isc, psit, psia, and psib, but had no effect on Rt, Ra, Rb and Rs. Minimal effective Ba2+ concentration was 5-10(-5) M. The phenomenon was reversed by Ba2+ removal, but not by 86 mM serosal K+. Ba2+ inhibition of Isc did not impair the response to vasopressin which was quantitatively the same as controls. Psia with Ba2+ equalled psib. After Ba2+ inhibition, ouabain produced no further decrease in psit and Isc. Ba2+ exposure after ouabain did not decrease psit and Isc. The results suggest that Ba2+ inhibits the basal-lateral electrogenic Na+ pump. PMID- 821527 TI - On the significance of the influx of calcium ions into stimulated human blood platelets. AB - Blood platelets, upon stimulation with various substances, take up calcium ions from the suspending medium. This influx occurs simultaneously with the release reaction, i.e. the specific secretion of a variety of substances from storage organelles and the second wave of aggregation. Various inhibitors of the release reaction inhibit this Ca2+ influx. Platelets previously loaded with 45Ca show an increased efflux of the cation upon stimulation by thrombin. These results suggest that the plasma membrane acquires an increased permeability to Ca2+ only in a later phase of platelet activation, in most cases after the earlier release of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm from Castoring organelles. Rapid shape change and release proceed independently of external calcium, whereas clot retraction depends upon a prolonged increased permeability of the plasma membrane to this cation. PMID- 821528 TI - Localization of vitellogenin and serum albumin in hepatic parenchymal cells of normal and estradiol-treated immature chickens. AB - The localization of albumin and vitellogenin was determined in liver sections from control and estradiol-treated chickens by two different immunocytochemical techniques: (1) The sandwich technique with rabbit anti-lipovitellin or rabbit anti-albumin IgG and fluor. escent goat anti-rabbit IgG and (2) the mixed aggregation immunocytochemical technique with anti-lipovitellin IgG and fluorescent lipovitellin. The results show that the antibody against albumin bound only to all liver parenchymal cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity was equally strong in the portal, intermediate and central zones of the lobules. The fluorescent stain for vitellogenin was not above background in livers of control chicks but was far above background in estradiol-treated chicks. As with albumin the fluorescent stain was distributed equally among the parentchymal cells. The results were quantitatively the same 2 and 4 days after estradiol treatment. The relative rates of synthesis and the concentrations of albumin and vitellogenin correlate well with values obtained for tissue sections by immunocytochemical techniques. PMID- 821529 TI - L-type pyruvate kinase from human liver. Purification by double affinity elution, electrofocusing and immunological studies. AB - L-type pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) was highly purified from adult human liver. This purification included ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex batchwise absorption and two CM-Sephadex chromatographies with selective elution by ligands; in the former chromatography pyruvate kinase was eluted by ATP, in the latter one by phosphoenolpyruvate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The last step of the purification procedure involved a hydroxyapatite column chromatography. This purification procedure allowed us to obtain 3.6 mg of protein with a specific activity 190 I.U./mg, i.e. a 1200-fold purification with an overall yield of about 8%. This preparation was homogenous as judged by immunodiffusion, acrylamide and sodium dodecyl sulphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anti L-type pyruvate kinase antibodies were obtained from rabbits and the antigenic properties of L-type pyruvate kinase were studied. The enzyme appeared to be a tetramer (molecular weight 220 000-240 000) with subunits of similar molecular weight about 60 000). Two interconvertible major forms were found by isoelectrofocusing in a sucrose gradient and in an acrylamide slab gel: one had an isoelectric point of 5.85 +/- 0.09 and was the major enzymatic form after incubation with fructose 1,6-diphosphate or high concentrations or SH reagents. The other form (isoelectric point 6.28 +/- 0.03) was the major form of L-type pyruvate kinase in liver crude extract, and after incubation of purified enzyme with a proteic fraction isolated from liver extract by ammonium sulphate precipitation. PMID- 821530 TI - The active centers of Streptomyces griseus protease 3 and alpha-chymotrypsin. Enzyme-substrate interactions beyond subsite S'1. AB - A series of N-acetylated tetra- to heptapeptide amides has synthesized for the study of enzyme-substrate interactions beyond the S1' subsite in Streptomyces griseus Protease 3 (SGP3) and alpha-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1). Evidence was obtained that S2'-P2' enzyme-substrate interactions can play a significant role for the rate of substrate hydrolysis in both enzymes. No important interaction could be demonstrated beyond the nitrogen atom of residue P3'. This provides supplementary evidence that the active site of SGP3 extends over 6-7 subsites and that of alpha-chymotrypsin over 5-6 subsites. SGP3 is a considerably more efficient protease than alpha-chymotrypsin, kcat/Km being approximately 5-10(6) S 1-M-1 for the best substrates, thus being about 100 times higher than for alpha chymotrypsin. However, an analysis of the kinetic data indicates that, for both enzymes, the acylation rates for the best peptide substrates approach their deacylation rates. PMID- 821531 TI - Purification and properties of tyrosine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptolosonate 7-phosphate synthetase of Escherichia coli K12. AB - 1. The tyrosine-sensitive allosteric first enzyme of the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway, 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthetase (7 Phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose 4-phosphate-lyase (pyruvate phosphorylating), EC 4.1.2.15) has been purified from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli. 2. The enzyme activity was inhibited to 50% at 2-10(-5) M tyrosine and to 90% at 2-10(-4) M tyrosine concentration. At tyrosine concentrations lower than 2-10(-5) M a cooperative interaction between tyrosine binding sites was observed. 3. Co2+ increased the enzyme activity about 2-2.5 fold. The presence of Co2+ ions stabilized the enzyme. EDTA inhibited the enzyme activity, and this inhibition was reversed by Co2+. Tyrosine-sensitive DAHP synthetase seems to be a metal containing enzyme. 4. Kinetic experiments were carried out to study the catalytic action. Contrary to earlier suggestions it is concluded, that the reaction mechanism appears to be more complex--with either the ping-pong or sequential type predominating, depending on conditions. PMID- 821532 TI - Chemical modification studies on the alpha-D-galactopyranosyl binding lectin from the seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia. PMID- 821533 TI - Localization of J-chain and interchain disulfide bonds in a human F(c)5mu-like fragment. AB - The inter H-H cysteinyl peptides and the localization of the J-chain were studied in a human F(c)5mu-like fragment. The latter was found to be built up by non covalent association of molecular forms of 140 000, 95 000 and 70 000 dalton subunits. The trimeric, dimeric and monomeric forms were obtained from gradual reduction by dithiothreitol of the major component of 140 000 daltons, thus confirming the tetrameric nature of this subunit. The latter was found to result from the association of both components of the 70 000 dalton subunit, with the participation of the inter H-H subunit bridge. Structural analysis of the labelled peptides obtained by partial reduction and alkylation showed the presence of the intersubunit disulfide bridge and of the inter heavy-heavy chain bridge of the C-terminal region, and the absence of the heavy-heavy chain bridge of the hinge region. The sequence of these peptides is identical to the sequences of the corresponding peptides of normal mmu-chains. The J-chain, which was covalently linked to this F(c)5mu-like fragment, was found to be predominantly associated within the 95 000 dalton subunit. The results showed that the J-chain was linked in the protein as a "clasp" within a single subunit and not between two subunits. PMID- 821534 TI - The influences of divalent metal ions on fibrin monomer polymerization. AB - This work was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the influences of divalent metal ions on the polymerization of fibrin monomer. Polymerization was strongly inhibited by such Ca-binding chelating agents as 1,2 cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid, and a close relationship was seen between their inhibitory capacity and their stability against Ca2+. The polymerization inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid could not be reversed by the addition of Mg2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+, whose stability constants are smaller than that of Ca2+, but it could be completely reversed, and even directly accelerated by Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ or Co2+ whose stability constants are greater than that of Ca2+. PMID- 821535 TI - Heterogeneity of beta-conglycinin. AB - Beta-conglycinin, a major 7 S soybean globulin, purified by ion-exchange and gel chromatography was fractionated into six distinct components on columns of DEAE Sephadex. The six components (designated B1 to B6-conglycinins) were characterized by disc electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis and gel electrofocusing in dissociating buffers indicate that the six conglycinins are isomers containing varying proportions of three kinds of subunits (alpha, alpha' and beta). The subunit structures of these isomers are alpha' beta (B1-), alpha beta (B2-), alpha alpha' beta (B3-), alpha beta (B4-), alpha alpha' (B5-), and alpha (B6-conglycinin). Beta subunit is a major constitutent of B1- and B2 conglycinins, whereas B3- to B6-conglycinins are composed predominantly of alpha subunit. The six beta-conglycinins are all glycoproteins containing mannose and glucosamine. They differ in the N-terminal amino acid composition. The isolated B1- to B4-conglycinins are immunologically identical with one another and with the total beta-conglycinin. B5- and Bl-conglycinins which comprise no beta subunit are partially identical with the total protein. Some antigenic determinants that are lacking in the B5- and B6-conglycinins are expected to be located on the beta subunit. PMID- 821536 TI - Ferredoxin biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis. AB - Analysis of ferredoxin content in cultures of Euglena gracilis grown in the presence of selective antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Ferredoxin is synthesized from cytoplasmic (80s-type) ribosomes; cycloheximide, a potent inhibitor of 80s translation completely abolished the synthesis, while the inhibitors of 70s translation chloramphenicol and erythromycin were not effective. In addition, ferredoxin was detected in a streptomycin-bleached mutant that lacks the chloroplast structure and chloroplast DNA. 2. Ferredoxin's transcript is presumably of nuclear origin; rifampicin, an inhibitor of chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase did not inhibit synthesis, while the streptomycin-bleached mutant continued to synthesize ferredoxin without chloroplast DNA. PMID- 821537 TI - DNA of Myxococcus phage MX-1. Pyrimidine isostichs and the recognition of a minor pyrimidine. AB - DNA was isolated from bacteriophage MX-1 and was hydrolysed with acids. Hydrolysis with 90% formic acid produced several interconvertable fluorescent artefacts. These substances were produced in greater quantity following hydrolysis with H2SO4. In the course of the course of the study it was found that DNA extracted from phage by 4-aminosalicylate and phenol contained 4 aminosalicylate and breakdown products derived from 4-aminosalicylate following acid hydrolysis. Pyrimidine oligonucleotides released by formic acid diphenylamine hydrolysis were fractionated by two-dimensional paper chromatography and by ion-exchange chromatography. In this way, the pyrimidine isostichs were obtained and further fractionated. The distribution and with isostich patterns from a variety of DNA sources. MX-1 DNA was found to contain an unusually high frequency of cytosine-rich isostichs 5 and 6 and very low occurrence of the sequence R-Y-R. Based on its absorption spectrum and the fact that it can be labelled in vivo with [14C] orotic acid, we suggest that H-base is a pyrimidine. PMID- 821538 TI - Bacterial mesosomes. Real structures or artifacts? AB - The ultrastructural study of membrane organization in gram-positive bacteria related to the OSO4 fixation conditions revealed that large, complex mesosomes are observed only when the bacteria are subjected to an initial fixation with 0.1%OSO4 in the culture broth, as in the prefixation step of the Ryter Kellenberger procedure. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the large mesosomes are produced by this prefization. The kinetic study of the membrane morphological alterations occurring during the prefixation of Bacillus cereus with 0.1%OSO4 in the culture broth showed that the amount of mesosome material increases linearly from zero to a maximum observed at 1.7 min of prefixation and that at about this time a maximum is reached for the number of mesosomes per unity of cell area and for the average individual mesosome area. The large mesosomes observed in gram positives fixed by the complete Ryter-Kellenberger procedure would be the result of the membrane-damaging action of 0.1%OSO4. Such damaging action was deduced from the observation thay 0.1%OSO4 quickly lyses protoplasts and induces a quick and extensive leakage of intracellular K+ from B. cereus and Streptococcus faecalis. In support of that interpretation is the observation that in bacteria subjected to several membrane-damaging treatments, mesosome-like structures are seen after three different fixation procedures. In bacteria initially fixed with 1% OSO4, 4% OSO4 or 2.5% glutaraldehyde, no large complex mesosomes are observed, small and simple invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane being present. The size of these minute mesosomes is inversely proportional that causes of fixation. Uranyl acetate was found among the studied fixatives the one to the rate the least damage to bacterial membranes. This fixative satisfactorily preserves protoplasts. In bacteria initially fixed with uranyl acetate no mesosomes were found. The results of the present work throw serious doubts on the existence of mesosomes, both large and small, as real structures of bacterial cells. It is proposed that a continuous cytoplasmic membrane without infoldings (mesosomes) would be the real pattern of membrane organization in gram-positives. PMID- 821539 TI - Lipid-protein relationships in erythrocyte membranes revealed by paramagnetic quenching of protein fluorescence. AB - 1. Paramagnetic quenching of erythrocyte membrane protein fluorescence by nitroxide-labelled lipid analogues has been studied as a function of temperature and quencher concentration, as well as after cross-linking of membrane proteins by glutaraldehyde. 2. Quenching due to nitroxide stearates reveals a static component, due to binding of quencher molecules to protein, superimposed upon a diffusion-limited component. 3. Static quenching decreases progressively above 35 degree C, a temperature region where a thermotropic discontinuity is known to occur (Bieri, V. G. and Wallach, D. F. H. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 406, 415 423). 4. Diffusion-limited quenching becomes progressively more prominent as the temperature is raised above 15 degree C. 5. Exposure of membranes to varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde indicates that membrane proteins relatively poorly accessible to cross-linking are those responsible for the membrane thermotropism above 35 degree C. 6. Protein fluorophores accessible to androstane nitroxide are saturated at a low quencher/protein ratio. This ratio is stable below 35 degree C but increases by 50% between 35 and 55 degree C. PMID- 821540 TI - [Thermosensitive sporulation and extracellular serylprotease mutant of B. subtilis]. AB - Isolation and properties of B. subtilis ts 19 mutant, isolated as thermosensitive for sporulation, are described. At the non permissive temperature (42degreesC), the mutant cells are blocked at stage zero of sporulation and do not excrete extracellular enzymes such as serylprotease and esterase. At the permissive temperature (30degreesC), sporulation and excretion of extracellular enzymes are normal but the serylprotease is modified in its structure. Two molecular forms of this enzyme can be separated by polyacrylamide elecctrophoresis, both more thermolabile than the corresponding enzyme of the mother strain. Experiments of reversion and of transformation for the sporulation character have suggested that ts 19 contained two independent thermosensitive mutations. One of them is responsible for the pleiotropic Spo OA phenotype at the non permissive temperature. The other mutation is likely to reside in the structural gene coding for the extracellular serylprotease and leads to the formation of a modified enzyme which hydrolyzes itself into at least two types of more stable molecules. No conclusion can be drawn with certainty concerning the physiologi-al role of the extracellular serylprotease in sporulation. It may be pointed out however that transformants for the Sp+ character at 42degreesC keep the same impaired serylprotease as the ts 19 mutant and sporulate, at any temperature, as well as the wild strain. PMID- 821541 TI - The utilization of rare and unnatural pentoses by yeast Torulopsis candida. AB - Adaptation of yeast torulopsis candida to D-arabinose, D-lyxose and L-oxylose is shown to be due to the appearance of a new enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of these pentoses to D-arabitol and xylitol, respectively. The appearance of the enzyme is not coupled with the altered state of polyol : NADP-oxidoreductase (1.1.1.21) catalyzing the reduction of D-xylose and other aldoses with their second carbon atom having a stereoconformation of D-glyceraldehyde. Some proposals are made on improvements of the nomenclature of the enzymes catalyzing the reduction of the two groups of pentoses. PMID- 821542 TI - [Role of metal ions in beef liver isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. Characterization of substrate forms]. AB - The enzymatic activity of cytoplasmic NADP linked isocitrate deshydrogenase is under control of divalent metal cations. Both forms of tribasic isocitrate, free and metal chelated are used as alternative substrates with different turnover and affinity. The esential role of the metal cation is to increase the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme 70 times. PMID- 821543 TI - Increased nitrate reductase A activity as a sign of membrane alteration in early blocked asporogenous mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Nitrate reductase (Nar) activity, and its regulation, have been studied in B. subtilis and Spo0 mutants derived from it. The mutants are blocked at the stage zero of sporulation. The only Nar detected was the membrane-bound Nar A, which has been solubilized and purified. The enzyme itself, and its regulation, seem to be the same in Spo+ and Spo0 strains. Under all conditions tested, however, the mutants were hyperproducers of Nar A. Whether produced by a Spo+ or a Spo0 strain, the purified enzyme has the same Km on nitrate, and the same heat inactivation kinetics. In situ in membrane vesicles of a Spo+ strain, it displays the same Km and its thermoinactivation is exponential. In mutant vesicles, however, two Km's are observed, one normal and one five times higher, and thermoinactivation follows an initial period of activation. The higher Km disappears after heat activation. The Spo0 mutation studied seems to result in a modification of the membrane, such that insertion of Nar A in the modified membrane confers to the enzyme new allotopic properties. Additional and abnormal enzyme-binding sites may be created as a result of the mutation and these may be normalized during heat activation. PMID- 821544 TI - Gene expression during the differentiation of myogenic cells of the L6 line. AB - The problem of the mechanistic relationship among the different phenotypic expressions in an established myogenic line was approached by blocking cell fusion at different developmental stages, by addition of cytochalasin B. The addition of the drug to cultures at the time when the first two myotubes appeared on the dish, blocked fusion, but did not affect DNA synthesis, expression of myosin, phosphorylase, phosphocreatine kinase, phosphorylase kinase or glycogen synthetase, nor the organization of the elements of the hexagonal lattice. It is concluded that cell fusion is not a prerequisite for the expression of the differentiated phenotype. PMID- 821545 TI - [2-Amino-ethylphosphonic acid transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid (ciliatine) can be used as a source of phosphorus or nitrogen by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conditions of its uptake have been investigated. The transport is inducible by ciliatine itself or by its homologue, 3-aminopropylphosphonate, but neither by other phosphonic compounds nor by carboxylic or sulfonic related derivatives. The induction was not suppressed by inorganic phosphate. The transport appears to be an active process, pH and temperature dependent: it requires energy and is dependent on new protein synthesis. The uptake follows Michaelis kinetics. The substrate specificity involved in ciliatine uptake favours the existence of two different transport systems: the first one, inducible by ciliatine, was very sensitive towards different aminophosphonic acids and was competitively inhibited by inorganic phosphate and methylphosphonate; the second transport system, inducible by 3 amino-propylphosphonate, appeared less sensitive towards alpha-aminophosphonic acids and was non competitively inhibited by phosphate and methylphosphonate. No interactions were observed with related aminocarboxylic acids or with taurine. Some molecular structural requirements for the binding of an effector on both permeases are discussed. The regulatory function of inorganic phosphate, the chief breakdown product of ciliatine, is also emphasized. PMID- 821546 TI - Studies on the sizes, shapes, and the development of the lorica of agglutinated Tintinnida. PMID- 821547 TI - [Study of the action of low-intensity UHF electromagnetic fields on Bacillus mesentericus and Pseudomonas fluorescens]. PMID- 821548 TI - Distribution of heavy chain classes and light chain types in 757 cases of monoclonal gammapathies. AB - The distribution in heavy chain classes and light chain types of M components were studied in 757 cases of monoclonal gammapathies. These gammapathies were classified according to clinical and hematological data in 439 myeloma (MM), 165 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) and 152 monoclonal gammapathies occurring in other conditions. The IgG/IgA ratio differs in myeloma and in non-myelomatous gammapathies (64% IgG versus 33% IgA in myeloma and 95% IgG versus 5% in absence of myeloma). Presence of free light chains in patient's urines (Bence Jones proteinuria) was detected in about 72% of cases of MM, 48% of WM and only in 9% in others gammapathies. Concerning the sex of patients, an equal repartition between males and females is observed in MM, whereas males predominate in WM. The age distribution of the patients shows that 74% of myeloma and 79% of WM were above sixty. In addition to the 757 cases under study, 10 sera with two M Components were characterized. PMID- 821549 TI - Resurgence of two fetal aldolases in rat duodenal adenocarcinomas. AB - We have shown, by kinetic, electrophoretical and immunological methods, the resurgence of two intestine fetal aldolases (A and C) in well-differentiated rat duodenal adenocarcinomas. Our findings demonstrate that the resurgence of fetal isozymes in cancer is a general phenomenon, occurring in intestine, as in liver and other tissues. PMID- 821550 TI - Total abdominal irradiation and parenteral nutrition: an experimental study in the dog. AB - The influence of parenteral nutrition on digestive tolerance was studied in 26 dogs receiving total abdominal irradiation, (1 110 rads were delivered in a single dose at mid-thickness of the abdomen). We studied enzymatic perturbations (lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase and enterokinase) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and we observed a correction of the 75% decrease of the intestinal enzymatic activities after total abdominal irradiation in the dogs fed exclusively by parenteral routes while the dogs fed orally died in few days with severe digestive and metabolic disturbances. PMID- 821551 TI - Determination of unbound bilirubin and the prevention of kernicterus. PMID- 821552 TI - Methods of determination and nature of diazo-positive bile pigments present in body fluids in neonatal jaundice and related conditions. PMID- 821553 TI - Fetal and neonatal hepatic function II. PMID- 821554 TI - Effect of drugs on infant Gunn rats under phototherapy. PMID- 821555 TI - Chemical diagnosis of inborn lysosomal storage disorders involving the eye. PMID- 821556 TI - Ocular manifestations and pathology of systemic mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - In summary, the histologic and ultrastructural pathology of the systemic mucopolysaccharidoses has been reviewed as they involve four aspects of the eye: 1) Conjunctival biopsy provides an excellent demonstration of the lysosomal storage lesion and may also afford diagnostic and therapeutic information. 2) Corneal clouding appears to be related to the degree of stromal acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation. 3) Retinal pigmentary degenerative changes are morphologically identical to those of other retinitis pigmentosa syndromes and may be the result of a primary disturbance of pigment epithelial function. 4) Optic nerve involvement may occur by several mechanisms, of which ophthalmologists should remain clinically aware in order to provide appropriate therapy. PMID- 821557 TI - Diagnosis of metabolic eye disease by chemical analysis of serum, leukocytes and skin fibroblast tissue culture. PMID- 821558 TI - Fabry disease: ocular manifestations. AB - Fabry disease involves the different eye structures with variable frequencies. Typical alterations are the vascular lesions of the conjunctiva, the whirl-like opacities of the cornea, the wedge-shaped anterior opacities and the branching spokes of the lens, as well as the vascular lesions of the retina. Histopathologic examination correlates well with the observed symptoms. Several drugs may induce whirl-like opacities. The importance of the slit-lamp examination in Fabry disease has been further stressed by the discovery of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum in fucosidosis. PMID- 821560 TI - Ocular findings in fucosidosis. PMID- 821559 TI - The use of conjunctival biopsy and enzyme analysis in tears for the diagnosis of homozygotes and heterozygotes with Fabry disease. AB - In most inborn errors of metabolism, the detection of heterozygotes is either impossible, or is feasible only on a statistical basis, so that some uncertainty always remains in that diagnosis. Heterozygote detection is by far more imperative in sex-linked diseases than in autosomal recessive disorders. Indeed, female carriers are at risk of having affected children whatever is the genome of their husband. The method we describe realizes the secure detection of heterozygotes in Fabry disease. It combines the ultrastructural examination of conjunctival biopsies and the assay of thermolabile alpha-galactosidase in tears. The technique is harmless and relatively simple: Both biopsy and tear collection were performed at home in most of the subjects. PMID- 821561 TI - Ocular manifestations in familial LCAT deficiency. PMID- 821562 TI - Sugar alcohols in the pathogenesis of galactose and diabetic cataracts. PMID- 821564 TI - Biochemical aspects of human albinism. PMID- 821563 TI - Human albinism. PMID- 821565 TI - Conjunctival eye signs in GM1 type 1 gangliosidosis. AB - Two cases of GM1 type 1 gangliosidosis demonstrated microvascular abnormalities of the conjunctiva, as well as skin abnormalities in one case. This abnormality was studied by light and electron microscopy of a conjunctival biopsy; cytoplasmic vesicles were noted in the endothelial cells, producing a mechanical narrowing of the lumen. This storage material is similar to that seen in the fibroblasts of skin and of visceral organs in GM1 gangliosidosis, as well as to the material described in the systemic mucopolysaccharidoses. The material probably represents a keratan sulfate-like material. The conjunctiva provides a ready source for biopsy and diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 821566 TI - Application of electron microscopy to the study of ocular inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 821567 TI - Accelerated skeletal maturation syndrome with pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 821568 TI - Embryopathy associated with oral anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 821569 TI - Cortical cataracts following total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 821571 TI - [Comparative assessment of the specific activity of several thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogs]. AB - A study was made of the effect of replacement of the second and third amino acid residues of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the manifestation of the specific biological activity assessed by the radioimmune method of determination of the thyrotropic hormone in rats. Replacement of histidine by alanine caused a 100-fold and by phenylalanine - a 10-fold reduction of the activity. Glycine analogue proved to be inactive. The biological activity of TRH analogue (Glu-Phe Pro CH3) was only 10 times less in comparison with the activity of the standard. The second double modified analogue of this hormone (Glu-Gly-Ser NH2) was incapable of influencing the release of the thyrotropic hormone by the hypophysis. PMID- 821570 TI - [Changes in the matrix properties of chromatin during aminoazocarcinogenesis]. AB - Male rats were on a diet containing 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzol, a carcinogen. There were found no changes either in the electrophoretic total spectrum of deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) or in nonhistone proteins; the character of DNA and DNP melting curves or the matrix capacity of DNA extracted from the rat liver also remained unchanged. DNP of the tumour tissue acted more actively in the capacity of the matrix for the RNA synthesis in vitro in the system with the animal or bacterial RNA-polymerase with low substrate concentrations (2-10-5 M); but with high concentrations of each one of the substrates (2-10-3 M) RNA synthesis was the same as in control. With nuclear lysis in the solution with alkaline pH the percentage of RNA-polymerase activity, which it was possible to extract from the complex with chromatin, decreased considerably in rats given carcinogen. PMID- 821572 TI - Diphosphonate therapy in nephrocalcinosis. AB - 4 patients with nephrocalcinosis were treated with disodium ethane 1-hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate (EHDP) for a period of 13 months. No clinical side-effects were observed and growth proceeded normally. Radiographic changes of osteitis fibrosa cystica developed in 1 child and bone biopsy in 2 children showed defective osteoid mineralisation. It is suggested that EHDP prevented further crystal deposition in 3 children but did not prevent non-calcium stone formation in the 4th child. In view of this and the development of histological and radiographic evidence of osteomalacia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients the value of EHDP remains dubious. On the other hand its use may be justified when rapidly increasing calcification is expected, as for example in hyperoxaluria. PMID- 821573 TI - Antibiotics in biliary surgery. AB - Infection is the major cause of morbidity following biliary surgery and it has been shown that the patients with infected bile can be detected preoperatively. This paper presents the results of a controlled trial comparing patients expected to have infected bile who received surgical treatment with and without antibiotic therapy. The results showed a reduction in the incidence and severity of complications in the treated group. PMID- 821574 TI - Proceedings: Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in chronically hypertensive baboons. PMID- 821575 TI - Proceedings: A randomized controlled trial of preoperative intravenous nutrition in patients with stomach cancer. PMID- 821576 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis associated with hypersensitivity to gold salts. PMID- 821577 TI - Treatment of childhood asthma with sodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol singly and in combination. PMID- 821578 TI - Letter: Cardiac failure. PMID- 821579 TI - Determination of the in vitro sensitivity of Brucella strains to rifampicin. PMID- 821580 TI - Early changes in protein synthesis following spinal cord hemisection in the Cebus monkey (Cebus apella). AB - The short term effects of spinal cord hemisection on protein synthesis in the Cebus monkey were studied by measuring the uptake of [3H]lysine into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable and non-precipitable fractions of spinal cord. Animals were sacrificed 3, 6, or 13 days after hemisection. Two normal animals and a 3 day sham operate were utilized as controls. All data were pooled and subjected to analysis of variance. Significant group differences were resolved by a standad t-test over pooled operative group samples and a paired t test for left-right differences within groups. Compared to normal animals, significant increases in the mean uptake of precursor into TCA precipitable and non-precipitable fractions of spinal cord samples were noted in all postoperative groups. The observed increase in the uptake of [3H]lysine into TCA soluble and insoluble fractions at 3 days after hemisection were attributed to stress, as were increases in the activity of the TCA insoluble fractions in the sham operate. By 6 days, the increases attributed to stress in the average protein activity seemed to subside, resulting in an overall decrease in the TCA precipitalbe protein activity with an increase in TCA soluble fraction activity. Between 6 and 13 days the activity of the TCA soluble and insoluble fractions returned to the 3 day levels with a sharp increase in the activity of both fractions in the area of the hemisection. This increase was attributed to increases in neuronal, neuroglial, and infiltrating cell metabolism possibly associated with regenerative changes. PMID- 821581 TI - Hypothalamic neuronal responses associated with the sight of food. AB - Neurones in the lateral hypothalamic region are described which alter their firing rates when a monkey looks at food. The units responded when the monkey looked at different types of food, but not at non-food objects or simple visual stimuli. The units did not respond in relation to motor movements, intense arousal, nor when a salient aversive stimulus was shown, nor in relation to eye movements, and were thus shown to be different from units in the globus pallidus which did respond in some of these control tests. The neurones did not respond to olfactory stimuli and did not respond if the animal ate in the dark. Because of these findings it is suggested that the activity of these hypothalamic neurones is associated with the sight of food. It is of interest that these neurones which respond when food is shown to a hungry animal are found in a region thought to be involved in the control of feeding. PMID- 821582 TI - Determination of antidromic excitation by the collision test: problems of interpretation. AB - Extracellular unit recordings were made from pontine reticular neurons in the cat and cells of the motor cortex in monkeys. In all cases, the characteristics of responses to electrical stimulation were studied using the tests of invariance of latency, high frequency following, and collision for determining the orthodromic or antidromic nature of the responses. The results of these tests show that their conclusions are not always consistent. A systematic error was found between the experimental and predicted values of the collision interval. It is argued that this error is due to differences in the application of measured parameters in calculating the collision interval. The collision test can be considerably improved by repeating the test with stimuli of progressively greater strengths. PMID- 821583 TI - Fatigue and adaptation in unmyelinated (C) polymodal nociceptors to mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the monkey's face. PMID- 821584 TI - Opiate receptor binding in primate spinal cord: distribution and changes after dorsal root section. PMID- 821585 TI - Size and distribution of movement fields in the monkey superior colliculus. AB - A gradient of response magnitude was observed across the movement fields (the range of eye movements which alter the discharge frequency of a nueron) of neurons in the intermediate and deeper layers of the superior colliculus. A vigorous discharge preceded movements with a particular direction and amplitude but reduced responses preceded movements which deviated from this direction and/or amplitude. Movement field size is a function of the amplitude of the optimal movement. Neurons discharging prior to small saccades have small and sharply tuned fields. Neurons discharging prior to large saccades have large movement fields and tuning is relatively coarse. Movement fields are topographically organized within the superior colliculus. Neurons discharging prior to small saccades are located anteriorly; neurons firing before large saccades are found caudally. Neurons near the midline discharge prior to up movements and neurons located laterally fire before downward movements. Movement fields of superior colliculus neurons are also characterized by a temporal gradient. The interval between spike discharge and the onset of a saccade is greater for movements near the center of the movement field than for movements to the periphery of the field. Results are interpreted as supporting the foveation hypothesis of superior colliculus function. It is suggested that precise saccadic movements are not produced by the discharge of a small population of finely tuned neurons but result from the weighted sum of the simultaneous movement tendencies produced by the activity of a large population of less finely tuned neurons. PMID- 821586 TI - Modifications and development of spinal reflexes in the alert baboon (Papio papio) following an unilateral vestibular neurotomy. AB - Unilateral vestibular neurotomy performed on 6 baboons was followed by the classical postural and locomotor postoperative disorders. Postoperative spinal reflex excitability was studied in these awake baboons by measuring monosynaptic recruitment ratios in soleus motoneuronal pool and the recovery cycle of the monosynaptic response. Vestibular neurotomy induces: (1) asymmetrical spinal reflexes with a decrease of the recruitment on the side of the section and an increase on the opposite side. (2) a modification of phases IV and V of the ipsilateral recovery cycle. The recovery during postoperative days of normal recruitment curves and recovery cycles is described. This recovery is relatively fast and relates closely to the compensation of postural and locomotor disorders. We note the importance of an early active motor exploration on the time-course of recovery: postoperative disorders in posture and locomotion are reduced much later when baboons are submitted to a motor restriction. These findings suggest a combined alpha and gamma-hypoexcitability of the ipsilateral hindlimb. The study of the recovery process suggests that the cerebellum is involved in the compensatory mechanisms. The regression of postural disorders, observed both in restrained and unrestrained baboons, demonstrates the importance of central regulations using proprioceptive afferents for recovery. PMID- 821587 TI - Cholinergic innervation of monkey cerebral vessels. PMID- 821588 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory influences on tongue muscle activity in cat and monkey. PMID- 821589 TI - The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: a topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography. AB - Stereotaxic injections of [14C]leucine were made in nulei raphe centralis superior, raphe dorsalis, raphe magnus and raphe pontis of the cat. The organization of the regional connections was outlined in a stereotaxic atlas using the autoradiographic tracing method: the majority of the ascending pathways from the rostral raphe nuclei are directed mainly through a ventrolateral bundle via the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, with some lateral extensions to the substantia nigra, and then through the fields of Forel and the zona incerta. More rostrally the fibers are joined to the medial forebrain bundle through the hypothalamic region up to the preoptic area or the diagonal band of Broca. Multiple divisions leave this tract towards the epithalamic or the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the stria terminalis, the septum, the capsula interna and the ansa lenticularis. The bulk of the rostral projections terminates in the frontal lobe, while some labeling is scarcely distributed throughout the rest of the neocortex. The projections of nucleus (n.) raphe centralis superior are specifically associated with the n. interpeduncularis, the mammillary bodies and the hippocampal formation while the n. raphe dorsalis innervates selectively the lateral geniculate bodies, striatus, piriform lobes, olfactory bulb and amygdala. The rest of the ascending fibers form the centrolateral or the dorsal ascending tracts radiating either in the reticular mesencephalic formation or in the periventricular gray matter. On the contrary there are heavy descending projections from n. raphe centralis superior which distribute to the main nuclei of the brain stem, the central gray matter and the cerebellum. The ascending projections form the caudal raphe nuclei are much less dense. They disseminate mainly in the colliculus superior, the pretectum, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the preoculomotor complex and the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. From n. raphe pontis, a dense labeling is selectively localized at the n. paraventricularis hypothalami with some rostral extensions to limbic areas. Diffuse caudal and rostral projections from both nuclei are observed in the mesencephalic, pontobulbar reticular formation and the cerebellum. The main differences come from the specific localization of their descending bulbospinal tracts inside the lateroventral funiculus of the spinal cervical cord. PMID- 821590 TI - Different effects of calcium flux-blocking agents on light and potassium stimulated release of taurine from retina. AB - Conditions for the stimulation of taurine release by illumination or increased K+ concentrations were established. The effect of Mg2+, ruthenium red and verapamil on taurine release induced by both procedures was compared. All these agents antagonize Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters. Illumination-induced release of taurine was not blocked by any of these agents while the K+-induced release was blocked by all of them. It is discussed whether illumination and potassium act through processes that increase Ca2+ influx through different mechanisms, or if illumination-induced release is a Ca2+-independent process. PMID- 821591 TI - Role of the dorsal funiculi in movement control. AB - We trained monkeys to perform visuomotor tracking tasks in which the target's position was unpredictable, or in which the target jumped from one side of the screen to the other ('ballistic'). Section of the right dorsal funiculus at C2 resulted in transient deficits in both tasks, with full recovery of function. Subsequent removal of postcentral cortex in the left hemisphere produced a more intense and stable deficit in performance. We conclude that proprioceptive data on limb position and movement must be able to reach motor command structures by pathways paralleling the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system. PMID- 821593 TI - Cancer of the larynx: selecting optimum treatment. PMID- 821594 TI - Cancer of the larynx: surgery. PMID- 821592 TI - Corticomotoneuronal connections of precentral cells detected by postspike averages of EMG activity in behaving monkeys. PMID- 821595 TI - Cancer of the larynx: radiation therapy. PMID- 821597 TI - Helping smokers quit: the physician's role. PMID- 821596 TI - Evaluating common intra-abdominal masses in children - a systematic roentgenographic approach. PMID- 821598 TI - Parathyroid hormone and phosphaturia. PMID- 821599 TI - Combined diphosphonate and calcitonin therapy for Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 821600 TI - Mechanisms of suppression in Drosophila. IV. Specificity and properties of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from wide type Drosophila can distinguish tRNATyr of wild type from that of the suppressor mutant, su(s)2. The method of fractionation of the enzyme on DEAE-cellulose can produce three different forms of the enzyme. One of these forms is characterized in this study. We describe the apparent Km for K+, Mg2+, ATP, tyrosine and tRNA, as well as its heat stability and molecular weight. Spermine does not replace Mg2+ but is inhibitory, a Ki of 1 mM was obtained. Inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate results in a Ki of 1 muM. The properties of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of Drosophila are compared to the properties of this enzyme from E. coli, B. subtilis and yeast. PMID- 821601 TI - Human intestinal goblet cell mucin. AB - Goblet cell mucin (GCM) has been purified for the first time from mucosal scrapings of human small intestine. Proteolytic enzymes and organic solvents were avoided during the isolation procedure. The mucin was purified by Sepharose 4B and 2B column chromatography of high-speed supernatant fractions. The most purified fraction was compared with rat intestinal GCM. The two were similar with respect to chemical composition, antigenic features, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The major chemical differences included a higher hexosamine fucose and hexosamine-sialic acid ratio in human mucin. The two mucins showed strong concentration dependence in sedimentation velocity studies. Human mucin at a concentration of 0.2 to 1.5 mg protein per millilitre gave multiple associated peaks with variable So values (10.8-36.6). Rat mucin, in contrast, gave a constant (although polydisperse) pattern with So = 15.15. To explore these differences both mucins were stained with periodic acid - Schiff reagent and subjected to band ultracentrifugation at concentrations of 0.6-1.9 mug protein per millilitre. At this low concentration, rat mucin did not change in its sedimentation characteristics. In contrast, human GCM produced a single peak with So = 37.9. Thus dilution abolished polydispersity in the human but not the rat mucin, suggesting that intermolecular bonding forces in the human mucin are weaker. PMID- 821602 TI - Letter: Infection due to Bacillus cereus. PMID- 821603 TI - Granulocyte transfusions in children using filter-collected cells. AB - Twenty-three children with various stages and morphologic types of leukemia were treated with multiple granulocyte transfusions obtained by filtration leukapheresis when neutropenia-associated infection appeared unresponsive to antibiotics. All children meeting the above qualifications were given granulocyte transfusions during this time period. Twenty-one of 23 became afebrile during or shortly after the transfusions; one died with disseminated Herpes simplex; and one became well enough to be discharged, although he was never free of fever. Frequent mild to moderate fever and chills were noted. One child developed a severe pulmonary reaction followed by resolution of pneumonia. Filtration leukapheresis is a useful adjunct in controlling severe infections in neutropenic children. PMID- 821604 TI - Transformation-dependent modifications in released and cell-bound surface proteins detected by antisera to shed antigens. AB - Antiserum against antigens released into the medium by rat cell cultures that express the transformation phenotype has been shown to produce a complement mediated lysis, not only in the cells that liberate such antigens but to a greater extent in cells that are phenotypically restricted in the expression of transformation properties. Reaction of the antibody with preiodinated surface proteins released into the medium reveals that the expression of transformation leads to a greater degradation of the external proteins shed into the medium. PMID- 821605 TI - Prolactin binding to mammary gland, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene-induced mammary tumors, and liver in rats. AB - Specific binding of radioactively labeled prolactin was determined in membrane preparations from mammary glands and livers of rats during pregnancy and lactation. Prolactin binding to mammary gland increased throughout late pregnancy and early lactation, reached a maximum on Day 11 of lactation, and then declined. Maximum prolactin binding to liver membrane preparations was observed during late pregnancy and declined throughout lactation. Estradiol benzoate (20 mug/day), administered on Days 5 to 10 of lactation, reduced prolactin binding to mammary gland by 55%, increased binding to liver 2-fold, and reduced litter weight gain by 25%. Prolactin binding to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors was 3 times higher than that observed in lactating mammary gland. Administration of prolactin enhanced tumor growth but decreased specific prolactin binding to tumors. Lergotrile mesylate inhibited and estradiol benzoate (2 mug/day) enhanced tumor growth, but neither treatment affected prolactin binding to tumor membrane preparations. In contrast, higher doses of estradiol benzoate (20 mug/day) inhibited tumor growth and reduced prolactin binding. Prolactin binding varied widely within all groups of mammary tumors and was not clearly related to growth response or to altered circulating estrogen and/or prolactin levels. Hormone dependence in this animal tumor model is complex and may not be predicted on the basis of prolactin-binding capacity alone. PMID- 821606 TI - Neuropharmacological effects of methotrexate perfused through the cerebrospinal fluid system of the rhesus monkey. AB - Thirteen adult Rhesus monkeys were repeatedly perfused through the ventriculocisternal or ventriculolumbar spaces with Elliott's B solution containing various concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) and trace amounts of [3H]MTX and [carboxy-14C]inulin. The concentrations of MTX ranged from 4.8 to 0.15 mg/ml representing perfusion dosages of 551 mg/sq m to 16 mg/sq m. The average steady-state concentration out-concentration in (Co/Ci) value for MTX was 0.78 +/- 0.04 for the ventriculocisternal and 0.66 +/- 0.01 for the ventriculolumbar routes. MTX treatments did not significantly affect mean inulin steady-state Co/Ci values or CSF formation rate. With the exception of a monkey perfused with MTX at an inflow concentration of 4.8 mg/ml, body weight, food intake, and urine output, analyzed at weekly intervals, generally were not remarkably affected by MTX perfusions. In five monkeys perfused with MTX in concentrations of 4.8 to 0.6 mg/ml, gross neurological toxicity was observed, principally in the form of seizures and hypokinesia during perfusion series with occasional residual motor deficit. Significant cerebral damage was associated with the brains of two monkeys perfused with MTX at concentrations of 2.4 and 0.6 mg/ml and two monkeys perfused at concentrations of 1.2 and 0.3 mg/ml; there of the four animals displayed signs of gross neurotoxicity, and two animals developed permanent motor deficits. However, the extent to which neurotoxic signs could be attributed solely to MTX was difficult to judge because some changes in central nervous system morphology were associated with the mechanical aspects of the procedure. Overall behavioral performance as measured by a visual pattern discrimination reinforced by avoidance or escape from an electric shock was not significantly affected by repeated perfusions of MTX (0.6 mg/ml) in two monkeys not otherwise studied in detail. PMID- 821607 TI - Metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine in human leukemic cells. AB - The PRPP concentrations, PRPP formation, and phosphorylation of 6-mercaptopurine in leukocyte suspensions and homogenates prepared from leukemic patients were studied... PMID- 821608 TI - Pharmacology of the nitrosoureas: an overview. PMID- 821609 TI - ICRF 159, (+/-) 1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl) propane NSC-129,943; razoxane. PMID- 821610 TI - Postural reflexes in chronic Chagas's heart disease. Heart rate and arterial pressure responses. AB - Studies of heart rate and blood pressure responses to 70 degrees head-up tilt and 30 degrees head-down tilt were conducted in normal subjects and in chronic cardiac chagasic patients without past or present cardiac decompensation. During steady state of tilt, heart rate alterations were less marked in the chagasic than in the control group. Vasodepressor syncope supervened in three cardiac chagasic patients, two of whom showed the distinctive feature of hypotension without reflex bradycardia. In these patients, vagal control of cardiac rate could not be demonstrated either following a full blocking dose of atropine or during sudden elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure. These results are interpreted in the context of the pathologic and functional derangements of autonomic control which occur in Chagas' heart disease. PMID- 821611 TI - Renal vasoconstriction in naturally elicited fear and its habituation in baboons. AB - Baboons confronted with a snake show signs of extreme fear accompanied by transient increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate and prolonged renal vasoconstriction. This cardiovascular response may be habituated, although in one baboon the renal vasoconstrictor response reappeared towards the end of 14-day period. PMID- 821612 TI - Innervation and responses to vasoactive drugs of the extrinsic uterine artery of the macaque. AB - The responses of isolated, perfused uterine arteries from two species of macaques to perivascular nerve stimulation and to vasoactive drugs have been compared with those previously obtained using similar preparations from men. Uterine arteries from nonpregnant monkeys exhibited dilator responses to nerve stimulation and to acetylcholine, and contained few, if any, beta-adrenoceptors. These properties are not shared by the uterine artery of man and cast doubt on the widely held premise that the physiological characteristics of sub-human primates are similar to those of humans. PMID- 821613 TI - Influence of diphosphonates and sodium fluoride on the development of artificial caries. II. Morphological aspects. PMID- 821614 TI - [Quantitative assay of fibrinogen and fibrin grafts. Simple radial immunodiffusion and electroimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 821615 TI - The secretory ameloblast of the mini-pig foetus: Morphology, and effect on morphology of various aldehydes and of delayed fixation. AB - Electron microscopic investigations of secretory ameloblasts from deciduous tooth germs of mini-pig foetuses and investigations of the ability of various fixatives to preserve these cells in tooth germs immersion-fixed in to 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 40 min after death of the mother gave the following results: 1. The ameloblasts exhibit ultrastructural characteristics typical of exocrine secretory cells of merocrine type. 2. The localization of organelles is as in rodent secretory ameloblasts, but differs from the location in the human analogues. 3. Fixation with 4% formaldehyde invariably gives unacceptable ameloblast preservation. 4. Fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde gives fair preservation of the ameloblasts when the germs are fixed within 10 min of the death of the mother. 5. Fixation with a fixative mixture 2% formaldehyde-1.25% glutaraldehyde gives good preservation when the ameloblasts are fixed within 15 min of the death of the mother. 6. Fixation with a fixative mixture 2% formaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde-1% acrolein gives good ameloblast preservation when the germs are fixed within 15 min of the death of the mother. PMID- 821617 TI - The program of protein synthesis during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The program of protein synthesis was examined during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis as an index of the control of gene expression. At various stages of growth and spore formation, cells of B. subtilis were pulse-labeled with (35)S methionine. Protein was extracted from the radioactively labeled bacteria and then subjected to high resolution one-dimensional and two-dimensional slab gel electrophoresis. We report that sporulating cells restricted or "turned off" the synthesis of certain polypeptides characteristic of the vegetative phase of growth. In certain cases, this "turn off" was prevented in a mutant (SpoOa-5NA) blocked at the first stage of spore formation. Sporulating bacteria also elaborated new polypeptide species that could not be detected in vegetatively growing cells or in cells of the asporogenous mutant SpoOa-5NA in sporulation medium. The synthesis of these sporulation-specific proteins was "turned off" in a temporally defined sequence throughout the period of spore formation. Spore coat protein, for example, was first synthesized at 4 hr after the onset of sporulation, the time at which refractile prespores appeared. Certain sporulation specific polypeptides including the coat protein were among the most actively produced polypeptides in sporulating cells. PMID- 821616 TI - Fluorescence histochemistry and autoradiography of adrenergic nerves in the renal juxtaglomerular complex of mammals and man, with special regard to the efferent arteriole. AB - The adrenergic innervation of the juxtaglomerular complex was studied in kidneys from mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, monkeys, and humans using fluorescence histochemistry of neuronal noradrenaline and autoradiography of 3H-noradrenaline. The localization of the nerves was established by phase contrast optics or by perfusing the vascular system with India ink. Adrenergic nerve terminals, exhibiting a formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and having the ability to take up and accumulate 3H-noradrenaline, were easily identified when they enclosed the glomerular afferent arteriole. They continued in between and close to the macula densa and lacis cells to supply the glomerular efferent arteriole. The nerves could be seen to accompany this arteriole for a considerable distance until they branched off to the vasa recta in the juxtamedullary region and to adjacent cortical veins. This innervation pattern was found to be a constant feature except in kidneys from guinea-pigs and cats, in which post-glomerular units. The fluorescence in all adrenergic fibres supplying the juxtaglomerular complex disappeared after removal of the aortico renal ganglion, showing that they belong to a common system of renal sympathetic nerves. PMID- 821618 TI - Somatic cell hybridization of mouse myeloma cells. AB - Somatic cell hybrides between different mouse myeloma cell lines have been readili isolated using modifications of existing techniques. The hybrid nature of these cells was established by HAT or HAT-ouabain selective procedures, their chromosome number, and, in one case, H-2 surface antifen expression. Three hybrid cell lines are described here in detail: an IgG2B, K X LgG2a, k; an IgG1, k X IgG2b, k; and an IgG1, k X IgM, Lambda. In all cases, both parental types of H and L chains are expressed in the hybrid cells and no new chains are observed. However, molecules possessing disulfide-bonded mixtures of parental H and/or L chains are seen. Analysis of subclones of these hybrids indicates considerable stability in the expression of the immunoglobulins for up to 13 months. However, segregant clones no longer synthesizing one or more of the parental H or L chains arise frequently. PMID- 821619 TI - The virus-specified subunits of a modified B. subtilis RNA polymerase are determinants of DNA binding and RNA chain initiation. AB - The phage SPO1-modified RNA polymerase B-P can form rapidly initiating complexes with SPO1 DNA but not with heterologous phi1 DNA. The B-P enzyme binds only weakly to heterologous phi29 DNA: preincubation with phi29 DNA does not substantially slow the formation of rapidly initiating complexes between polymerase B-P and subsequently added SPO1 DNA. In contrast, B. subtilis holoenzyme and core polymerase are substantially sequestered by preincubation with phi29 DNA. The results show that at least one of the phage SPO1-coded subunits of the polymerase B-P determines selective transcription at the level of DNA binding and RNA chain initiation, weakens the binding of RNA polymerase core to heterologous DNA, and discriminates against promoter complex formation at certain promoters that are utilized by the B. subtilis holoenzyme. PMID- 821620 TI - The effects of activated macrophages on tumor target cells: escape from cytostasis. PMID- 821621 TI - [Skin nevi and phakomatoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 821622 TI - An environmental chemical, polychlorinated biphenyl, increases the protein synthesizing activity of liver and kidney pH 5 supernatant fractions. AB - Homogenates of liver and of kidney cortex were obtained from control rats and from rats treated with the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Aroclor 1254, and were separated into ribosomes and into the postmicrosomal supernatant fraction. The latter fraction from liver and kidney was used to prepare the pH 5 supernatant fraction, containing elongation factors 1 and 2 (EF 1 and EF 2) for protein biosynthesis. These fractions were incubated with KCl-washed ribosomes obtained from control rat liver. The incorporation of [14C] phenylalanyl-tRNA into peptide was increased with the liver and kidney preparations derived from the treated rats. The elongation factor 1-dependent binding of [14C] phenylalanyl tRNA to ribosomes was also markedly increased both with the liver and kidney preparations obtained from the rats that had received PCBs. PMID- 821623 TI - Mutagenic selectivity of carcinogenic nitroso compounds: III. N,alpha acetoxymethyl-N-methylnitrosamine. AB - A comparative genetic study was undertaken on the testicular tissue of Drosophila with N-alpha-acetoxymethol-N-METHYLNITROSAMINE (AcODMN) and its unsubstituted parent N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), to assess the role of intracellular metabolism on their mutagenicities. The relative genetic potencies of the two compounds were deduced from regression studies of the dose effect on the metabolically inert sperm and the metabolizing early germ cells (spermatocytes and spermatogonia) with respect to the induction of the non-specific X-chromosome recessives (lethals and visibles) and the specific effects on representatives of the RNA genes, especially rDNA. Genetic activity per unit molar dose was invariably higher for the acetoxy derivative as compared to the parent amine, but the differential in this respect varied significantly for various mutational classes and as a function of the metabolic level in the target cells. The induction of point-mutations (X-recessives) increased with the level of intracellular metabolism with bothe compounds and this was more pronounced with the parent amine, which was in accordance with the DNA methylation mechanism. In contrast, the yield of the specific rDNA deletions was not markedly enhanced with the increased metabolic activity in the early germ cells, especially with the acetoxy derivative. The induction of these deletions could not, therefore, be explained on the basis of DNA methylation, but was reconcilable with the posible generation of a nitroso-aldehydic metabolite, which could effect DNA-protein cross-linkage within the genic nucleoproteins. The two test compounds gave comparable frequencies of mosaicism among corresponding mutations and the same rDNA selectivity index, which indicated identical molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. The higher genetic potency of the acetoxy derivative as compared to the parent amine would thus be indicative of its greater yield of the same mutagenic metabolites. Carcinogenicity studies with the two compounds paralleled the mutagenicity results, which whould suggest that the same molecular mechanisms could well be responsible for the initiation of both phenomena. PMID- 821624 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of Lassa fever infection. AB - The indirect immunofluorescent technique is a rapid method for identification of Lassa virus and Lassa virus antibody. In the study reported here, Lassa virus antigen was detected by this method in Vero cell cultures within 24 hours of their inoculation with an infected human blood specimen. A diagnosis could be made from field-collected specimens within 3 days of their receipt.Fluorescent antibodies against Lassa virus were detected in human serum as early as 7 to 10 days after onset of illness, and were detected as long as 61 months after infection. Complement fixing antibodies were not as long lasting.No antigenic differences were noted by the indirect immunofluorescence technique between several Lassa virus strains isolated from Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone over a 6-year period. PMID- 821625 TI - Comparative pathology of Lassa virus infection in monkeys, guinea-pigs, and Mastomys natalensis. AB - Experimental Lassa virus infections of squirrel monkeys, guinea-pigs, and the African multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis, were studied virologically and pathologically. In the monkeys, early viral lymphoreticulotropism, hepatotropism, nephrotropism, and viraemia were noted. At the time of death, viral titres in nearly all target organs were associated with necrotic changes: splenic lymphoid necrosis, renal tubular necrosis, myocarditis, arteritis, and hepatocytic regeneration. In convalescent monkeys, organ titres diminished slowly, and viraemia persisted at 28 days. At this time, renal and splenic regeneration was occurring and a new lesion, choriomeningitis, was present.Guinea-pigs infected with Lassa virus developed respiratory insufficiency with pulmonary oedema, alveolar hyaline membranes, myocarditis, and focal calcification of myocardial fibres and hepatocytes. Dying animals contained Lassa virus in virtually every organ tested, whereas survivors at 56 days were free of virus and had high complement-fixing antibody titres.Infection of neonatal Mastomys did not cause any clinical disease or pathological lesions despite the presence of virus in the blood, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, brain, urine, and throat secretions throughout the 74-day study. Infected adult Mastomys also remained normal but had virus in many organs. In one animal, virus persisted until the termination of the study at 103 days. Several animals developed a mild meningoencephalitis. The pattern of infection and virus shedding in M. natalensis is ideal for maintenance of the virus in nature; together with the epidemiological field data this emphasizes the incidental nature of the exposure and infection of man. PMID- 821626 TI - [Different types of sexual cycles in male European vipers]. AB - Sexual cycles in European male vipers can be divided into two types, Spermatocytogenesis occurs in summer, spermiogenesis and mating in spring in three species. Three other species show more or less continuous spermatogenetic activity, but spermiogenesis occurs mostly in late summer and mating in both autumn and spring. PMID- 821627 TI - [Role of phagocytosis and soluble antibacterial factors in experimental immunization of Locusta migratoria]. AB - Last instar larvae of Locusta migratoria can be protected ("vaccinated") against lethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis by previous injections of low doses of this pathogen. If iron saccharate is injected in to larvae prior to the administration of the "vaccinating" dose of Bacillus thuringiensis, no antibacterial protection can be induced. Injection of iron saccharate in to "vaccinated" larvae does not interfere with the induced protection; such larvae resist lethal doses. PMID- 821628 TI - [Presence of synaptonematic complexes in the biological cycle of Gurleya chironomi Loubes and Maurand, 1975: an argument in favor of sexuality in microsporidia]. AB - Synaptonemal complexes are described in the prophasic nucleus of young pansporoblasts of Gurleya chironomi. Consequently the first mitosis of this nucleus might be a reductional one and sporogony a haploid phase in the life cycle of this Microsporidia. PMID- 821629 TI - [Relationship between growth rate and longevity in Tribolium castaneum and Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - In Tribolium and Drosophila preimaginal growth rate and imaginal life-span are directly, but inversely related: the lower the growth rate, the shorter the life span in Tribolium, the longer in Drosophila. These conflicting results, which give ground to the developmental theory of ageing, may be due to the biology of the species and to the experimental approaches. PMID- 821631 TI - [A fibrogranular material on the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane of Wistar rat liver cells adapted to established culture]. AB - A fibrogranular material associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane of adult Rat liver cells in long-term culture is described and studied. The electrophoretic pattern of the membrane indicates that this structure might contain actin. The filamentous material had not been observed in electron microscope preparations of cell surface membranes isolated from adult Rat liver. PMID- 821630 TI - [In vitro effect of vasotocin on the ventral aorta of freshwater eels]. AB - Isometric contractions of the Eel ventral aorta are recorded under the vasotocin action. The vascular smooth muscle in vitro is sensitive to the hormonal action between 1.65 X 10(-6) M and 1.65 X 10(-9) M, and the log. dose-response curve is satisfactory. PMID- 821632 TI - [Role of stimuli coming from the brood on the behavioral carrying of nymphs by workers of Tapinoma erraticum (Formicidae Dolichoderinae)]. AB - In a stress situation workers of the ant Tapinoma erraticum carry the brood from one nesting place to another. This carrying activity is exhibited as soon as the animal is born. It gets more precise and steadier through stimulations that originate in the brood (odour or manipulation). PMID- 821633 TI - [Changes in the magnetic anisotropism of the external segments of rods during photolysis of rhodopsin]. PMID- 821634 TI - [Formation, by gamma irradiation, of RNA-protein cross-links in E. coli ribosomes]. AB - Gamma irradiation in desaerated conditions of E. coli MRE 600 ribosomes, labelled with C14 uracil, leads to a decrease of extractibility of C14 RNA by lithium chloride 4 M-urea 8 M. On the other hand, the radioactivity of the protein fraction increases with irradiation. These results strongly suggest that RNA protein cross links are formed in irradiated ribosomes. PMID- 821635 TI - [Immunologic adjuvant role of human bronchial mucins with respect to human serum proteins]. PMID- 821636 TI - [Characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner mutants, resistant to tetracycline, having retained or lost the ability to sporulate]. AB - Quantitative analysis of extracellular protease, NADH-oxydase and glucose deshydrogenase show that, from two mutants selected by their oxytetracycline resistance, one sporulates better than the parent strain, the other, which sporulates at 10(-5), has a stable extracellular protease activity and appears to be blocked at stage O-I. PMID- 821637 TI - [Morphological study of several vegetative and reproductive cycles of Prevotella bacteriogloeae novum genus, nova species]. AB - A new bacteria named Prevotella bacterioglaeae is studied in curious types of fructification. Its history over the period of a year is given in relation with conditions of temperature. This bacteria is placed in the other of Chamydobacteriales. PMID- 821638 TI - [New concept of the taxonomic position of anaerobic corynebacteria]. AB - The new phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the anaerobic coryneforms allow us to individualize them in a new sub-genus: Coryneformis nv. sub-gen so defined: Corynebacteriaceae with morphology of true Corynebacterium from which they differ by pathogenicity, the ability to synthesize reticulo-stimulin, their cell-wall composition, thier G + C%, their anaerobic growth and their salmon-pink colonies. They differ also from the true Propionibacterium which are not pathogenic, do not synthesize the reticulo-stimulin, have cream-grey, yellor or red-brown colonies, and do synthesize cobalamine (vitamin B12). PMID- 821639 TI - [The direct closure of interventricular communications in infants]. AB - The authors report the greatest number of cases of closure of Inter-Ventricular Communication of the newborn published to date. The use of the new technique of deep hypothermia and extra-corporeal circulation, together with the improvement of post-operative care, have permitted them to obtain results which are particularly satisfactory. PMID- 821640 TI - [Quantitation of mitral and aortic regurgitation using the effective systemic ejection fraction measured by radiocardiography and scintography of the cardiac cavities]. AB - Comparison between the effective systemic ejection fraction defined by radiocardiography and cardiac chambers scanning, and the whole left ventricular ejection fraction calculated by cineangiocardiography allows an accurate assessment of mitral and aortic regurgitation extent. In case of both mitral and aortic insufficiency, each regurgitation can be quantitatively dissociated by means of the aortic isotopic dilution curve recorded at the same time as the radiocardiogram. PMID- 821641 TI - [In vitro maturation of the ovocyte of Xenopus laevis under the effect of pharmacological agents related to propranolol]. AB - The maturation of Xenopus laevis ovocytes was performed after 15 hrs. exposure to progesterone (1 mug/ml). Similar results were obtained following a treatment of ovocytes with pharmacological agents such as propranolol and related drugs, at 5 X 10(-4) to 10(-2) M concentrations. Sotalol was totally ineffective at the same concentrations. The former drugs, and not sotalol, are supposed to interact within the membrane with some calcium sites, translocation of the ion inside being then produced. These results suggest a first interaction of the steroid hormone with membrane calcium sites and possible role of this ion in the maturational events. PMID- 821642 TI - [Modification by heterspecific cytoplasm injection, of the chronology of the first division of the Amphibia ovum]. AB - Transfer of cytoplasm had been made between virgin eggs of two species, species with very different times between activation of the eggs and the first cleavage. The first furrow appears on an average of 6 hrs. after activation in Pleurodeles eggs and 2 hrs. 30 min. in Xenopus eggs. Slow cleaving P. waltlii cytoplasm introduced in quickly cleaving X. laevis eggs acted by delaying the formation of the first cleavage furrow, which appeared more than an hour after Xenopus controls. An opposite effect was obtained with Xenopus cytoplasm in Pleurodeles eggs. Cleavage furrows were obtained 2 hrs. before Pleurodeles controls. The cytoplasmic effect involved in the control of rhythms of cleavage could be related to a clock system. PMID- 821643 TI - [Pinealectomy and early castration in the female Wistar rat]. AB - Pinealectomy does not significantly modify the level of pituitary and plasma gonadotropins in intact and in castrated female Rats from brith to 75 days of age. Only the weight of the thyroid gland is higher in pinealectomized rats. PMID- 821644 TI - [Development of gonads transplanted homoplastically in limbs of sexually immature axolotls]. AB - Graft development depends on sexual maturation of the host. Three successive steps in development of transplants have been demonstrated: somatic growth, gonial division and germinal maturation. Sexual maturity occurs earlier in females than in males. PMID- 821645 TI - [Characteristics of transmembrane potential of newborn rat cardiomyoblasts which have been cultivated for one week]. AB - The effect of different media on transmembrane potentials and dV/dt of 7-day cultured rat heart cells was studied by means of microelectrodes. The cells appeared sensitive to K& variations, very sensitive to MnC12 and decreased Ca2&, sensitive to lack of serum and oxygen but quite insensitive to lack of glucose and relatively insensitive to tetrodotoxin. These observations suggest that action potentials are principally due to slow inward current. The cells never responded to decreased Na& by decreasing dV/dt but by depolarizing the membrane. It seems therefore that Ca2 ion plays the most essential role in the genesis of action potential and that the rapid sodium channel is relatively unimportant in case of cardiomyoblasts. PMID- 821646 TI - [Behavior of opticol isomers of tryptophan and of its structural analogs inhibiting bacterial growth in chromatography on high crystallinity cellulose]. AB - A chromatographic system (microcrystalline cellulose-netural, weakly acidic or alkaline solvent) highly efficient and specific for the separation of the optical isomers of tryptophan and of its structural analogs with indol nucleus is described. PMID- 821648 TI - [Cellular degeneration in the apical crest of the limb bud of the moorish turtle (Testudo graeca L., Chelonian)]. AB - Intracytoplasmic degeneration bodies are present early in the cells of the apical ridge of the limbbud in embryos of Testudo graeca; next, they are obvious in the apical fold till formation of the analgen of the fingers. This cell death may be responsible for a certain rudimentation of the limb (reduction of length of phalanges) in this species of Turtle. PMID- 821647 TI - [Demonstration by electron probe microanalysis and by ionic microanalysis, of nuclear localization of aluminium of various cells]. AB - The presence of aluminium (A1) in the nuclei of thyroid cells (Rabbits), liver and skin cells (Frogs) and in the nucleolus of a Radiolarian is described. The possibilities of artifacts with these two histophysical methods are briefly discussed, and biological significance of this nucleic aluminium is evoked. PMID- 821649 TI - [Metabolism of placental glycogen. Biochemical study in human placenta as a function of the gestationnal age and type of delivery]. AB - Glycogen level and biosynthesis as well as catabolic enzymatic activities are higher in immature than in full-term organs. The characteristics of the glycogen phosphorylase activity are different at different stages of gestation, but labour and delivery have no influence upon glycogen metabolism. PMID- 821650 TI - [Demonstration of 2 phases in RNA synthesis during regeneration of planarian (Polycelis tenuis-nigra)]. AB - An analytical-technique for the extraction of total RNA has been employed to investigate RNA synthesis during regeneration in Planaria. Two phases in RNA synthesis were identified during the first 72 hrs. after the section. PMID- 821652 TI - [Geographic distribution of 3 types of strains involved in non-Mendelian sterility phenomenon in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Crosses between strains of Drosophila melanogaster lead in some cases to F1 females displaying a quite specific kind of incomplete sterility. Such females, (SF female) arise only when females from "reactive" strains are mated with males from "inducer" strains. Crosses in which "neutral" strains are involved, never produce SF progeny. Results show that only inducer flies are found in the wild, while laboratory strains are distributed into the three classes. Moreover we found that this non-mendelian female sterility is quite a common phenomenon, since reactive and neutral strains are presently maintained in the laboratories of many countries. PMID- 821651 TI - [Structural analysis of populations : new statistical approach to the problem of age in Squilla mantis (Crustacea Stomatopoda)]. AB - Thirty-three male length-frequency samples are analysed first by a multivariate procedure. The evolutionary cycles are pointed out by the interpretation of the first two components. The simulation model is built up on the basis of factorial analysis. The assessment of age classes parameters (mean, standard deviation, percentage) is then carried out by the simulation of data. Their configuration with respect to the two components points out the proximity of the observed and generated samples and shows the value of the statistical model. PMID- 821653 TI - [Structure variations of short polytene chromosomes in 2 pyrenean populations of Bilobella aurantiaca Caroli (Collemboles)]. AB - Structural variations of the short polytene chromosomes VI and VII occur in two Pyrenean populations of Bilobella aurantiaca. They are the result of longitudinal cleavage and also of variations in the number of the thin bands. They are not dependent on ecological factors, but often correlate with the chromosome polytenic stage. PMID- 821654 TI - [Vegetation analysis and detection of periurban focus of canine piroplasmosis due to Babesia canis in Rhone-Alpes area; ecological basis for map-making]. AB - Dog piroplasmosis is actually expanding at the periphery of the big cities of the Rhone-Alpes area. The authors present the basis of an epidemiological study and insist upon the interest of vegetation analysis in the detection of the contamination sites. PMID- 821655 TI - [Study of the passage of stearic acid through blood-brain barrier and its incorporation in cerebral membranes (especially in myelin)]. AB - Subcutaneously injected stearic acid is uptaken by brain and is further incorporated into membrane lipids (especially myelin). The uptake increases regularly up to 20 hrs. in total membranes as in myelin. In total membranes, there is a decrease between 20 and 24 hrs. followed by a recovery of the previous maximal activity. Moreover, the myelin activity increases up to 3 days, so far. Cerebrosides, isolated from both types of preparations, present an activity regularly increasing; but free fatty acids have a stable specific activity and a decreasing relative activity. The injected labelled stearic acid is directly incorporated into membrane lipids or is metabolized inside brain in longer chains (thus providing arachidic behenic and lignoceric acids) or in acetate units (utilized for synthesis of medium chain fatty acids such as palmitic acid). PMID- 821656 TI - [Preferential differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice after intravenous injection of BCG]. AB - Following the intravenous injection of 1 mg of BCG into Mice an anemia with erythroblastopenia is observed in spite of a high level of erythropoietin. A preferential differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to leucocytes is observed with a concomitant of the differentiation to erythrocytes. PMID- 821657 TI - [Induction of immune tolerance by free unreactive haptens]. AB - The injection of free non-reactive hapten, before immunization with the same hapten conjugated to one carrier protein, induces specific unresponsiveness to the hapten in Rats. Two haptens have been assayed: dinitrophenyl-Lysine and Arsonate-Tyrosine. In both cases, the Rats responded normally to the carrier but did not respond to the hapten. These results can be explained by assuming that the hapten blocks the specific receptors of the immunocompetent cells. PMID- 821658 TI - [Iontophoresis of noradrenaline on neurons of the septal, preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas]. AB - In the Guinea-Pig, iontophoretic application of noradrenaline to neurones in the rostral hypothalsmus has an exciting, inhibitory effect, or is without effect. Responses to noradrenaline of antidromically activated neurones by stimulation of arcuate nucleus-median eminence region are discussed in relation to the liberation of LH. PMID- 821660 TI - [Action of broken fractions of regeneration blastema on the synthetic activity of posterior fragments or Dendrocelum lacteum cut behind the pharynx]. AB - Pounded blastemas of regeneration favour RNA synthesis is neoblasts of posterior parts of Dendrocoelum lacteum, cut behind the pharynx, which normally fail to regenerate a head; and induce excrescences. Fixed parenchyma cells and other differentiated tissues do not synthesize RNA with pounded blastemas. PMID- 821659 TI - [Inhibition of the sodium inactivation of the nodal membrane by anemonia sulcata toxin II]. AB - A neurotoxin (ATX-II) extracted from the tentacles of Anemonia sulcata has been found to interact with the sodium channel of the nodal membrane in myelinated nerve fibres from Rana esculenta. If externally applied at low concentration (Kd = 20 muM), it reduces considerably the rate of inactivation of the sodium conductance without affecting the activation. At such concentrations, the potassium conductance is not affected. If internally applied ATX-II does not affect the membrane conductance. PMID- 821662 TI - [The track pheromone of the termite Schedorhinotermes lamanianus (Sjostedt)]. AB - The trail pheromone of the African Termite Schedorhinotermes lamanianus has been investigated. It consists of two active components: an unsaturated fatty alcohol probably in C14 and a corresponding esterified fraction. The interconversion of the two by acetylation-saponification has been demonstrated. However, it is not yet known whether the ester occurs naturally as an acetate or not. A carbonyl derivative, biologically inactive, has also been isolated; its reduction with NaBH4 leads to an active alcohol of same Rf value as the preceding one. PMID- 821661 TI - [Isopycnic centrifugation in metrizanide gradient of ribosomal ribonucleoprotein precursor particles]. AB - Metrizamide has been described as a new medium for isopycnic centrifugation of unfixed biological particles. In the murine leukemia cell line L 5178 Y, the buoyant density of 80 S and 60 S preribosomal particles was found to be 1,22 g/cm3, which is noticeably lighter than buoyant densities of mature ribosomal particles. PMID- 821663 TI - [Properties of anti-LH-RH serums induced by 2 different immunogens]. AB - Several anti-LH RH antisera have been raised in Rabbits given as immunogen the synthetic decapeptide linked to bovine serum albumin by carbodiimide or bis diazotized benzidine. Antibodies obtained with CDI as a coupling agent showed the highest titers and affinities enabling measurement of LH RH levels lower than 1 pg/tube. The specificity of the antisera, particularly toward 13 fragments of the molecule, were similar irrespective of the immunogen used. PMID- 821664 TI - [A new method of characterization of blood viscosity]. AB - With a viscosity hematocrite-shear rate relation etare1 = eta (c, psi), which fits several data, one can define, for blood characterization a set of parameters, directly related to red cell deformation and aggregation. PMID- 821665 TI - [New researches on protein synthesis inhibition under the action of aurintricarboxylic acid during cell cycle : Study on meristematic cells of Allium sativum L]. AB - Aurin tricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevents cells from entering mitosis in Allium sativum L. root meristems. When the uptake of 3H leucine comes back up to the control rate after removal of roots from the drug, mitotoic activity is resumed. Furthermore, the percent of labelled cells obtained by continuous labelling with H3-thymidine shows a reversible arrest of cell progress from G1 to S. PMID- 821666 TI - [Fistula of the total isolated gastric pouch in the rat]. AB - Chronic fistula of total gastric pouch in Rat, until now unsuccessfully performed, is realizable. It provided a pure gastric juice and solved the reproducibility of the results. Quantity of daily secretion juice was variable from one animal to another, but remained constant for the same animal; it influenced the evolution of the animal state; the larger it was the less likely the operated animal was to survive. Many of our animals are now 3 months old; they are well, in spite of a 20% loss of body weight since the operation. PMID- 821667 TI - [Synthetic medium for gamete survival and maturation and for culture of fertilized eggs]. AB - A defined medium more similar to female genital tract fluids than to blood serum is tested on bull sperm survival, calf oocyte maturation and cleavage of Rabbit and Cow fertilized eggs: -- after incubation for 24 hrs. at 38 degrees C, 20 to 40 p. 100 of the spermatozoa remain motile in two-thirds of the samples; -- 95 p. 100 of immature calf oocytes reach metaphase II after 24 hrs. of culture in the presence of gonadotropins; -- 57 p. 100 of Rabbit morulae divide during 50 hrs. culture as compared to 40 p. 100 in HAM F/10 medium; -- 65 p. 100 of the Cow blastocysts hatch in vitro as compared to 18 p. 100 with Brinster medium. PMID- 821668 TI - [X-ray effect on the moratility of ubescent subjects and female fertility in the amphipode crustacea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas)]. AB - Orchestia gammarellus females and males were X-irradiated with doses of 2,300 40,000 R. The LD 50/20 is 2,300 R. No egg-laying was observed in any irradiated females. Radiosensitivity of embryos was higher than that of the female parent. PMID- 821669 TI - [Presence of vitamin A and of rhodopsin in the eye of Lineus ruber (Heteronemert)]. AB - In our experimental conditions, the positive Karli reaction in the microvilli of cells which seem to be visual and the localization of vitamin A in their area show that these cells are photosensitive. PMID- 821670 TI - [Differentiation of secretory tubes of avian kidney : effect of heterogenous inducers]. AB - In the chick embryo the nephrogenic blastema cells are determined before contact with the natural inductor (Wolffian duct or ureter) is established. In response to heterogeneous inductors, such as spinal cord or embryonic endoderm, the blastema cells differentiate into complete secretory tubules as shown by immunohistology. PMID- 821671 TI - [Isolation of 6 subunits of scorpion, Androctonus australis garzonii, hemocyanin]. AB - A method for the purification of the 5 sub-units 5 S and of a 7 S sub-unit of the haemocyanin of the Scorpion Androctonus australis garzonii is reported. It includes preparation of crude haemocyanin, dissociation in 1 M urea in the absence of divalent cations, starch gel electrophoresis and A 50 DEAE "Sephadex" separation. All the sub-units are homogeneous with regard to ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The yield variers from 7 to 20 per cent according to each fraction. PMID- 821672 TI - [Correlation between age, arteriosclerosis and elastinolytic activity of human aorta wall]. AB - An elastolytic protease was isolated recently from human and animal aortic wall. We report here the positive correlation between the activity of human aortic elastase, the degree of atherosclerosis and age. These two parameters appear to influence independently and in an additive fashion the level of aortic elastase. There appears to be an increasing synthesis and/or liberation of aortic elastase with age. This process is accelerated in the presence of arteriosclerosis. It appears probable that the increasing elastolytic activity is mainly responsible for the fregmentation and lysis of the elastic fibers with age and arteriosclerosis as observed with histochemical techniques. PMID- 821673 TI - [Lymphocyte macrophage activation factor. Comparison of the mode of production in man and mice]. AB - A macrophage activating factor (MAF) has been previously described in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) between the donor and the recipient of a mouse skin allograft. This factor can render macrophages cytotoxic against mouse mastocytoma targert cells. The present work demonstrates the production of a similar factor in the human, using macrophages from uremic patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. There is, however, an apparent difference between mouse and human MAF. In the mouse the production of MAF in primary MLC is inconsistent, late and weak, while it is regularly found in large amounts in MLC between a donor and a recipient of a skin allograft. Conversely, in the human, MAF is consistently found in primary MLC as well as in MLC between two individuals previously sensitized to each other by a skin allograft followed by repeated white blood cell injections. PMID- 821674 TI - [In vitro malignant transformation of fetal hamster brain cells by benzo (a) pyrene]. AB - Hamster embryo brain cells exposed in vitro for 24 hrs. to benzo (a) pyrene and then subcultivated. undergo a morphological transformation. After several passages, transformed cells are capable in most cases of inducing tumors of a special type through intraocular or intracerebral grafting. Histological characterisation of these tumors suggests that they are of glial type. Untreated control brain cells subcultivated for one year, keep their normal characteristics and do not induce tumors when grafted in Hamster. PMID- 821675 TI - Suppression of plasma renin activity by indomethacin in man. AB - The effect of indomethacin or placebo on aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), sodium excretion, and urinary prostaglandin (PG) levels was investigated in five hypertensive subjects in 100 mEq sodium balance who had experienced malignant hypertension with a disturbance of their renin-aldosterone relationship in the past. Indomethacin significantly lowered aldosterone levels by 43%, PRA by 58%, 24-hour sodium excretion by 49%, and urinary PG excretion, an indicator of renal PG synthesis, by 67%. Angiotensin infusion increased aldosterone to the same level before and after treatment with indomethacin. Similarly, in normal subjects in 150 mEq sodium balance, indomethacin lowered PRA by 47%; sodium excretion fell by 33%, and urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion, by 55%. The acute elevation in PRA 10 minutes after intravenous furosemide was completely abolished by indomethacin. Five subjects with essential hypertension were classified as normal renin hypertensives according to their response to orally administered furosemide. Indomethacin pretreatment resulted in 60% reduction of PRA following furosemide, and three of these subjects now fell into the low renin category. Studies in vitro demonstrated that indomethacin has no effect on the renin-renin substrate interaction. Thus, indomethacin lowers PRA concomitantly with a reduction in renal PG synthetase activity. Whether indomethacin inhibits renin release by an intrarenal, PG-related mechanism or secondarily via sodium retention is discussed. PMID- 821676 TI - [Application of a radial immunodiffusion technic in the determination of a specific immuneoserum titer]. AB - The authors determine the titre of two monospecific immunosera by the radial immunodiffusion method. Because of the precision and rapidity of this technique, it is most suitable for:--periodic quality control of an immunoserum--the quantitative estimation of specific immunoglobulins adsorbed to the supporting medium in affinity chromatography. PMID- 821677 TI - The linearity of reference standard values in the radial immunodiffusion assay of human C4 (beta1E globulin). PMID- 821678 TI - Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of serum proteins. AB - Measurement of immunoglobulins (Ig) and of complement component C3 in human serum by automated and manual nephelometric techniques is tedious, and the effective linear range is too narrow. We describe a laser nephelometer/reagent system for measuring serum proteins by the use of forward light scatter (which enhances the ratio of reaction/blank), electronic blank subtraction, laser light (632 nm), and electronic signal selection. We report data establishing the range of linearity for immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, and complement C3 with this system, and correlations with results by a radial immunodiffusion. We also compared an electroimmunodiffusion system for quantitation of albumin and IgG in cerebrospinal fluid to our technique. The nephelometric system described provides a rapid, accurate, precise, and objective way to measure immunoglobulins and C3. PMID- 821679 TI - Three cases of GM1-gangliosidosis. AB - A biochemical analysis was carried out on three cases of GM1-gangliosidosis which showed different clinical manifestations. These cases were classified in a previous study as Type 1, Type 2 (2B) and Type 2 (2A), an intermediate type between classical Type 1 and Type 2 (2B), by the determination of the chromatographic profile of the liver beta-galactosidase activities. Gangliosides, neutral glycolipids; phospholipids and glycopeptides were analyzed in the brain and the liver of these cases. The concentration of total ganglioside was increased in the brain in all cases. The elevation was due to an increase of GM1 ganglioside, which accounted for 63% or more of the total ganglioside, while in the control brain about 20% of the total ganglioside was GM1-ganglioside. In type 2A, increases of GM1-ganglioside and and asialo-GM1 in the liver were more prominent than those in the liver of Type 2B. The non-dialyzable glycopeptides were analyzed only in Type 2A. In the liver of Type 2A, the hexosamine and hexose contents of the non-dialyzable glycopeptides were about 10 times and 5 times higher than those of the control. These biochemical analyses revealed that Type 2A had intermediate characteristics between two Types. In this classification of the three Types, biochemical data were well correlated with clinical features. PMID- 821681 TI - Anorexia nervosa: behavioural and hypothalamic aspects. PMID- 821680 TI - Pharmacological approaches to treating the obese patient. AB - It should be obvious from the foregoing discussion that, at the present time, there is not an acceptably safe and effective pharmacological treatment for obesity. This patent inadequacy of present drug regimens has spawned the investigation into the diverse pharmacological approaches reviewed in this paper as well as investigation into the intestinal bypass operation (see Chapter 10). We feel that the eventual, safe and effective therapy for obesity will come from the pharmacological realm. Glucose-blocking drugs, growth hormone analogues, and hydroxycitrate are but three of the potentially safe and effective approaches to the problem for the future. It will be truly fascinating to watch the development in the treatment of obesity and, specifically, the pharmacological treatment for this problem over the next five to ten years. PMID- 821682 TI - In vitro activation of C1s in plasma of patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema. AB - The serum of patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema contains small amounts of inhibitor of Cl-esterase (Cl-s) which is usually present in appreciable amounts in the serum of healthy individuals. In the citrated plasma of these patients in remission Cl-s activity was not detectable, but prolonged incubation with various alcohols, detergents, acetone, phenols and metal chelating agents generated the enzyme. Normal plasma did not respond to these reagents. The generation of Cl-s by alcohol and EDTA was inhibited by addition of natural inhibitor of Cl-s but not by soyabean trypsin inhibitor, trasylol and hexadimethrine bromide. Hexadimethrine bromide did not block the generation when experiments were carried out in silicon coated glassware. Incubation with kaolin and kallikrein generated Cl-s in remission plasma. Density gradient centrifugation studies showed that alcohol caused at least partial dissociation of Cl in remission plasma but not in normal plasma. This effect was similar to that of EDTA described in earlier reports. The possible explanations for the findings are discussed. PMID- 821684 TI - Cytotoxic activity of human lymphocyte plasma membranes. AB - Plasma membrane fractions isolated from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes have considerable cytolytic activity towards a cultured human lymphoblast cell line and mouse mastocytoma cells. Other subcellular fractions, including lysosomes, have low cytolytic activity. It is suggested that this cytotoxic potential in lymphocyte plasma membranes is normally latent but can be activated by prolonged and intimate contact with target cell plasma membranes. PMID- 821683 TI - Pancreatic lesions induced in rabbits and guinea-pigs with pancreatic antigens. AB - Rabbits and guinea-pigs were immunized with various pancreatic antigens in Freund's adjuvant. Rabbits received unfractionated bovine insulin and the "A" component and "single peak" insulin separated from it by gel-filtration. All produced antibodies capable of reacting with porcine insulin but none were found to have pancreatic lesions when killed up to 6 weeks after initial injection. Guinea-pigs immunized with bovine "A" component developed pancreatic peri ductulitis which appeared most frequently (10/20) in animals killed 30 days after a single injection and less frequently in animals killed after 60 (4/10) and 90(1/10) days. Similar lesions were found in only a small proportion of control animals (2/23) or of guinea-pigs immunized with single peak bovine insulin (3/22). Guinea-pigs immunized with homogenates of homologous and heterologous islets of Langerhans developed signs of peri-ductulitis in a high proportion of animals killed up to about 60 days after first injection (18/26). None of these animals exhibited clearly defined signs of diabetes mellitus and the incidence of induced lesions could not be correlated with levels of circulating insulin binding antibodies. PMID- 821685 TI - Total parenteral nutrition: indications and hazards in the surgical patient. PMID- 821686 TI - Anterior pituitary function following hypophysectomy for breast cancer. PMID- 821687 TI - The split-heel technique in the management of calcaneal osteomyelitis in children. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases are reported in which the split-heel technique was successfully used in the management of calcaneal osteomyelitis in children. Antibiotic therapy and debridement when necessary through medial or lateral incisions will usually eradicate the infection. Gaenslen's technique is recommended for refractory cases or patients with a draining sinus centrally located on the plantar aspect of the heel. An excellent functional result can be obtained. In general, excision of the calcaneus for chronic osteomyelitis in children is not necessary. PMID- 821688 TI - Diabetes mellitus in Filipino children. PMID- 821689 TI - Hurler-like disorders in infancy. PMID- 821691 TI - Newborn screening for metabolic disorders. PMID- 821690 TI - Bilirubin metabolism. Review and discussion of inborn errors. PMID- 821692 TI - Inborn errors of lipid metabolism: early identification. PMID- 821693 TI - Cyclic hyperalimentation. PMID- 821694 TI - Critique of "Patient Problems Related to Tube Feeding". PMID- 821695 TI - Patient problems related to tube feeding. PMID- 821696 TI - [Neurobehavioral study of colliculectomized monkeys]. AB - A battery of neurological tests was administered to normal and colliculectomized monkeys to determine the effect of the lesion on visually guided behavior, acoustically guided behavior, general locomotor performance and affective behavior. The tests were given at one week and three months post-operatively. The behaviors of the animals were filmed and the results were derived from a careful analysis of the films. The operated monkeys showed important deficits on most tests. After three months a considerable improvement was noted in many functions. However, some behaviors were still totally or partially abnormal. An attempt is made to relate the completeness of the collicular resection and the duration of some of these symptoms. PMID- 821697 TI - Burn wounds: selection and preservation of skin, natural products, blood, and blood products for burn therapy. AB - Skin allografts and xenografts are routinely used as dressings to control infection, pain and fluid loss from the burn wound. The procedure for preparing and storing grafts will be reviewed and suggested indications for use will be considered. A method for preparing porcine xenograft will be discussed in some detail. Skin banking by low temperature preservation including conditions and processing necessary for obtaining viable grafts will be discussed. The use of tissue typing matching procedures for obtaining prolonged survival will be considered. Possible harmful effects of grafts will be reviewed. The use of blood and blood products for resuscitation of burn patients is of primary importance in burn patients. The literature will be reviewed concerning a variety of blood and blood products including a consideration of washed cells, single donoplasma, serum albumin and purified blood components for treatment of burned patients. The use and indications for hyper-immune serum and gammu-globulin will be considered. Coagulopathy syndromes, burn wound sepsis, and support of immunologically deficient patients will be discussed on the basis of current literature. PMID- 821699 TI - Evaluation of cardiovascular drugs in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. PMID- 821700 TI - Variations among commercially available propoxyphene hydrochloride products. PMID- 821701 TI - Clinical therapeutic assessment of tobramycin (Nebramycin factor 6). PMID- 821702 TI - A double-blind evaluation of miconazole in dermatomycoses. PMID- 821703 TI - Tinidazole in the treatment of amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 821704 TI - The antipyretic effectiveness of acetaminophen suppositories versus tablets: a double-blind study. PMID- 821705 TI - Analgesic/calmative effects of acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine in treatment of simple nervous tension accompanied by headache. PMID- 821706 TI - Open study of the analgesic effects of nefopam hydrochloride (Acupan) on cancer patients with pain. PMID- 821707 TI - Comparison of gold and orgotein treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 821708 TI - The local anaesthetic effects of cepacaine in post-tonsillectomy cases, pharyngitis and minor infections of the mouth. PMID- 821709 TI - Evaluation of trazodone in the treatment of anxiety. PMID- 821710 TI - Evaluation of loxapine succinate as an anxiolytic in comparison with chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 821711 TI - Susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis to josamycin. PMID- 821712 TI - Antibiotic treatment of acute bronchial infections superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 821713 TI - Oxyphenbutazone and indomethacin treatment following surgery for varicose veins. PMID- 821714 TI - Small bowel motility: comparison of the effects of an anticholinergic agent, this agent plus a tranquilizer, and a placebo. PMID- 821715 TI - Anaemia of pregnancy treated with total-dose infusion of iron-polymaltose complex, teferrol. PMID- 821716 TI - Controlled-release potassium chloride: effectiveness in the repair of an experimentally-induced potassium depletion and effects on fecal blood loss. PMID- 821717 TI - Clinico-pharmacological studies of sulpiride. PMID- 821718 TI - Comparison of muscle relaxation with placebo medication for anxiety reduction in alcoholic inpatients. PMID- 821719 TI - Diazepam and phenobarbital in the treatment of anxiety: a controlled multicenter study using physician and patient rating scales. PMID- 821721 TI - Bioavailability of two preparations of chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 821722 TI - Effects of brain cortex gangliosides on temporary threshold shifts in man. PMID- 821720 TI - Sodium cephapirin disposition and distribution into human bone. PMID- 821723 TI - Effect of packaging on patient compliance with an antihypertensive medication. PMID- 821724 TI - Some evidences for the hypothesis of active transport of streptomycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - New evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis put forth by CAMBA et al. [1] that streptomycin enters bacterial cells by a process of active transport. In this paper a general inhibitor of transport, uranyl nitrate, when added to the bacterial suspension prior to the addition of streptomycin, was shown to significantly increase the resistance to the drug. Furthermore, in suspensions of cells with a progressively exhausted endogenous metabolism and consequently with less available energy, a corresponding increase in the amount of streptomycin remaining in the supernatant was observed. PMID- 821725 TI - In vitro studies with sisomicin and gentamicin. AB - Sisomicin and gentamicin were tested in vitro against 222 clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria using the ICS agar dilution procedure. The two drugs were comparable in terms of overall activity although statistical analyses of the data revealed significant differences in their activity against several genera. Sisomicin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p less than 0.001), Proteus mirabilis (p less than 0.005), and Escherichia coli (p less than 0.01); gentamicin was significantly more active against Klebsiella (p less than 0.001). In most instances, 4.0 mug/ml of either drug was inhibitory for 90% or more of the isolates of each genus tested. PMID- 821727 TI - [Recent malleolar fractures in adults]. PMID- 821726 TI - Therapy of infections with cefazolin. AB - 16 patients with acute urinary tract infections, 6 with acute lower respiratory tract infections and 3 with miscellaneous infections were treated with 1 g cefazolin parenterally 3 times daily. All patients, except one in whom therapy was discontinued, were cured. Both intramuscular and intravenous administration resulted in high-peak serum levels, and concentrations after 8 h were still inhibitory to relevant pathogens. The drug was well tolerated and caused, after intramuscular injection, probably less pain than does cephalotin. Cefazolin is a rational choice of therapy in severe cases of acute urinary, respiratory, and other infections. PMID- 821728 TI - [Cortisone and Liquemin therapy of septic shock in peritonitis]. PMID- 821729 TI - [Studies on the distribution of thienylcarbenicillin in the human tissue]. AB - Thienylcarbenicillin is another semisynthetic penicillin with a wide range of antibacterial activity including most of gram-negative bacterias, even such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To investigate penetration activities into bone and another tissues, 120 specimens of serum and 120 specimens of tissue were obtained from 20 patients, after i.v. injection of a single doses of 150 mg thienylcarbenicillin per kg body weight. The evaluation of concentration showed that Thienylcarbenicillin was eliminated from serum in a half-life time of 77 minutes. The concentration varied in different tissues. Maximal levels were found in musculature and in spongy bone. Unexpected high concentrations were found in fascia and in cutis. The lowest concentration was found in subcutis and compact bone. The experimental doses of 150 mg/kg body weight was not enough to gain a sufficient therapeutical level in compact bone. PMID- 821730 TI - [Radiotherapy of struma maligna]. PMID- 821731 TI - Correspondence of banding patterns to 3h-thymidine labeling patterns in polytene chromosomes. AB - 3H-thymidine labeling frequencies over X chromosomal region 1A-4E of Drosophila melanogaster, were analysed with reference to chromosome sections with and without prominent bands. A correspondence was found between band sections and late start of silver grain labeling at the initial stage in combination with late labeling at the end stage of replication. A complementary situation is always to be found over puff/interband sections, where an early start of labeling at the initial stage is generally combined with early labeling completion at the end stage of replication. PMID- 821732 TI - Perspectives in cancer Research. Specific activities of immunoglobulins produced in monoclonal gammapathy--maladies of derepression. PMID- 821733 TI - Effect of tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) on initiation and growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinomata. PMID- 821735 TI - [Chemically defined diets and diet formulas]. PMID- 821734 TI - Helping to make the final years meaningful for the elderly residents of nursing homes. PMID- 821736 TI - [Letter: Pollinosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 821737 TI - [Intravenous administration of anti-D hyperimmunoglobulin after mismatched transfusion (author's transl)]. AB - 620 ml of 0 Rh-positive blood (310 ml CCD.ee + 310 ml CcD.EE) were administered to a 27-year-old 0 Rh-negative (ccddee) woman in connection with an emergency curettage. 16 hours after this mismatched transfusion an intravenous infusion of anti-D hyperimmunoglobulin was started: 8000 mug (13 mug/ml blood) were given within 14 hours (570 mug/h) under strict supervision. The 10% immunoglobulin preparation had been diluted 20 times. There were only slight variations in heart rate and blood pressure, slight fever and mild increase in serum bilirubin after the infusion. There was slight haemoglobinuria in one urine sample, but no signs of kidney damage. The direct Coombs test was slightly positive after two days, negative after four and six days. The indirect Coombs test was negative after six months. The patient has not become pregnant since. Slow intravenous infusion of highly diluted anti-D hyperimmunoglobulin, under strict clinical supervision, is probably appropriate for Rh prophylaxis after transfusion mismatch. The dose of 13 mug/ml could probably be considerably reduced. 250 mug anti-D per hour should not be exceeded. PMID- 821739 TI - [Letter: Optimal protein substitution in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 821738 TI - [Aspergillus serum precipitins in patients of a lung clinic]. AB - The incidence and distribution of aspergillosis among patients of a lung clinic in West Berlin were recorded. The immunodiffusion test (IDT) was used on sera of 228 patients seen during one day to test for precipitins against A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger. Precipitating antibodies specific against A. fumigatus were found in five patients, in two of them A. fumigatus was isolated simultaneously from sputum. In order to obtain a clear view of the clinical occurrence of asperigillosis and its course one requires not only serological tests but also the isolation of Aspergillus in culture from sputum or bronchial secretion. IDT is useful for detecting aspergillosis and for screening persons harbouring Aspergillus in their respiratory tract. PMID- 821740 TI - [Results of the immunodiffusion test in the diagnosis of cattle leukosis]. PMID- 821741 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative studies of the problem of prosthesis disinfection]. PMID- 821742 TI - In utero fetal lamb thyroidectomy and thyroid autograft transplantation. AB - Our fetal surgical model was utilized to perform in utero fetal lamb thyroidectomy and autograft transplantation of thyroid tissue to fetal thigh at 82-93 days gestation. Successful in utero transplantation was possible in two of six experimental animals. In one twin pregnancy with an unoperated control lamb, observations were continued to age six months. The athyrotic lamb with a thigh autograft was larger at birth and had a transient weak sucking reflex and awkward gait. It then grew and developed normally with no stigmata of cretinism or delay in bone maturation. At age six months an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (oTSH) was the single distinguishing observation in the twin with the transplant. Although oTSH levels were elevated to age six months, the pituitary continued to be responsive to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. These findings suggest that in utero transplantation of thyroid tissue is technically feasible and that the previously described development of in utero cretinism following fetal thyroidectomy can be prevented by a functioning autograft. This technique will be useful in attempting allograft transplantation in utero. PMID- 821743 TI - Purification and properties of reptilian and amphibian growth hormones. AB - Highly purified growth hormone was isolated from the pituitaries of two reptilian species, the snapping turtle and the sea turtle, and two amphibian species, the bullfrog and the leopard frog. Characterization studies were performed with these growth hormones in comparison with mammalian and avian growth hormones. Great similarities among these species were found in chromatographic behavior, Ve/Vo ratios (2.0) on gel filtration, disc electrophoretic patterns, terminal amino acid residues and immunochemical reactivity with snapping turtle growth hormone antiserum. Species differences were noted in amino acid composition and immunoactivity measured by rat growth hormone antiserum, and these appeared to reflect the phylogenetic relationships among the four tetrapod species. The turtle and frog growth hormones gave parallel dose responses in the rat tibia assay. All were less potent than the bovine growth hormone standard except the bullfrog growth hormone which was equipotent if not more active. The data indicate that many elements of growth hormone structure have been strongly conserved during evolution. PMID- 821744 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary control of perinatal prolactin secretion in Macaca mulatta. AB - Sequential changes in maternal and fetal plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) were examined after these intravascular administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or L-dopa alone or combined directly to the near-term Rhesus fetus. The neonatal plasma responses to these same stimuli were also examined. Fetal and neonatal plasma PRL levels increased immediately after TRH injection and remained elevated from baseline levels (102-800%) throughout the 45 min sampling period. Maternal plasma PRL levels also increased markedly. Although amniotic fluid concentrations were more variable, the trend was an increase. After L-dopa injection, fetal and neonatal plasma PRL values declined 26-62% from baseline levels. Maternal plasma PRL concentrations also declined 30-50%, but amniotic fluid PRL concentrations progressively increased. When L-dopa and TRH were administered together, fetal plasma PRL levels declined 14-40% from initial levels, but maternal plasma PRL levels did not change in a consistent manner, and amniotic fluid PRL levels remained stable. There was no change from baseline fetal or neonatal plasma GH concentrations in these experiments. The plasma PRL responses of the primate conceptus to these stimuli are consistent with those found in the adult; the unresponsiveness of plasma GH is not. The direction and magnitude of changes in both maternal plasma and amniotic fluid PRL concentrations provide indirect evidence of placental transfer of TRH and L-dopa in some experiments, and require a biophysical explanation not apparent in others. PMID- 821745 TI - Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) in porcine hypothalamic extract distinct from TRH. AB - Extracts of porcine hypothalamic fragments (HF) bring about the release of prolactin when injected into estrogen-progesterone pretreated male rats. To determine the extent to which this prolactin-releasing activity (PRA) is attributable to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and/or vasopressin (VP), (both hormones capable of releasing prolactin in this preparation), PRA was assayed following destruction of TRH and VP by incubation in rat serum, and after separation on Sephadex G-25 columns. Acetic acid (2N) extracts of HF contain 22 to 27 ng TRH and 650 to 1000 ng of VP per HF as determined by immunoassay. Incubation for 1 h in fresh rat serum degraded 91 to 99% of both TRH and VP. PRA fell after incubation, but was still detectable, indicating residual activity that resisted degradation. Prolactin release responses to HF extracts and to TRH were log-dose dependent, but had different activity slopes. The minimal detected dose of TRH which released prolactin was 10 ng, while minimal effective doses of serum inactivated HF extract contained only 0.6 ng of TRH. Maximum effects with serum-inactivated HF extract were achieved with 2 HF equivalents containing 2.6 ng of TRH. More than 400 ng of TRH were required to give an equivalent PRA response. Sephadex G-25 chromatography of hypothalamic extracts using 2.0 N acetic acid separated a fraction which after treatment with serum to inactivate most TRH present caused marked prolactin release and contained only 0.7 ng of TRH and 0.3 ng of VP per dose. Evidence for a PIF was the demonstration that retarded fractions from the column significantly decreased plasma prolactin levels. The finding of PRA in hypothalamic extracts separate from both TRH and VP is evidence for the existence of a distinct prolactin-releasing factor. PMID- 821747 TI - [Nursing care of patients on parenteral feeding]. PMID- 821746 TI - Diurnal variation of the human urinary TRH excretion measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - Urine TRH was estimated by the radioimmunoassay which was accomplished according to the method of Bassiri and Utiger. Minimum detectable dose of TRH was 25 pg and recovery of TRH ranged from 72% to 112% in our laboratory. Intraassay coefficients of variation were 5.4% to 14.0% and interassay variations were 10.6% to 15.0%. Of the TRH analogues tested, only two (Ser-His-Pro-NH2, Thr-His-Pro NH2) had potent reactivity to anti-TRH serum in large dose of 100 ng/tube. Urine samples were kept at -20 degrees C after adjusted to pH 3.0 because the inactivation of TRH in urine was markedly dependent on temperature and pH value. Using this radioimmunoassay, diurnal variation of the urinary TRH excretion at regular intervals in normal subjects was observed. Peak TRH excretion occurred around early morning, while minimum of the excretion was observed around noon. Total urinary TRH excretion of 24 hours was 817-1579 ng (M+/-SE: 1241+/-89 ng) in normal subjects. In patients with chronic renal failure, urinary excretions of TRH was obviously lower than those of normal subjects. PMID- 821748 TI - Carcinogenicity studies in animals relevant to the use of anabolic agents in animal production. AB - It has long been known that certain estrogens and testosterone may increase, or sometime decrease, the incidence of neoplasmas in laboratory animals. They probably act by switching-on inappropriate genetic information or switching-off appropriate genetic information contained in nucleic acids. For instance, they may switch-on in adult animals information which is relevant only to a certain stage of embryogenesis or they may facilitate the expression of oncogenic viruses which would otherwise lay harmlessly dormant. The situation is rendered complex because an effect on one endocrine gland leads to effects on others so that factors which favour tumour development may result indirectly from administration of an anabolic or other hormonal agent. Two kinds of neoplasm are now known to be associated with human exposure to anabolic agents: vaginal adenocarcinoma and liver-cell tumours. Tumours of both kinds are among the spectrum of neoplasms that has been seen in laboratory animals exposed to agents of the same kind. In both animals and man there is evidence that tumours arising in response to anabolic agents are sometimes, initially at least, hormone-dependent. The evidence that 17beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, chlormadinone, and testosterone are carcinogenic for laboratory animals is briefly reviewed and the reader's attention is directed towards the 1974 IARC Monograph on the evaluation of sex hormones for carcinogenic risk to man where the same evidence is reviewed more extensively. The significance for man of the results of studies on laboratory animals is discussed with special reference to the use of anabolic agents in meat production. Non-residue uses are to be preferred, as are naturally occurring agents as opposed to compounds which do not occur in nature. More information is needed concerning the possible effects of prolonged exposure to very low doses of anabolic agents. PMID- 821750 TI - [Alpha 1 antitrypsin]. PMID- 821749 TI - Application of synthetic estrogen in sheep. AB - Thirty castrated crossbreed lambs of 4 months age were divided into three groups. DES pellets (6 mg) were implanted subcutaneously in lambs of groups II and III, respectively at 4 and 7 months of age whereas those in group I served as controls. The lambs were fed on a dry fattening ration during a period of 29 weeks after which two lambs of each group were slaughtered and three lambs were also used in nitrogen balance studies. The body gains of lambs implanted with DES at 4 months of age were the highest. The growth promoting effect of the hormone in these lambs was significant during a period of 13 weeks after the implantation. The dietary nitrogen retained by treated lamb was significantly higher. The dressing percentage and weights of wholesale cuts in lambs implanted with DES were similar to those of control lambs. However, the percentage of meat in the lambs treated at 4 months of age was the highest. The protein and moisture contents of the tenth rib of these lambs were greater and the fat contents were lower than in the control animals. No DES residual activity was ever noted in the livers of slaughtered lambs. Effect of DES Implantation on Body Components. Six 2 year old Egyptian rams were used in a 2-month experiment, the duration being divided into three successive intervals. The 1st period served as a control. At the beginning of the 2nd period, DES was implanted subcutaneously. Total body water was measured using tritiated water, total muscle mass was determined by the creatinine excretion during 24 hrs, lean body mass, body rat, and nitrogen balance, were measured during the last 5 days of each experimental period. DES implantation increased the body weight of the ram by 10.4% and caused no significant change in total body water, body ash, or total muscle mass. However, body fat increased significantly. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization also increased significantly although nitrogen intake did not change. The maximum effects of DES were observed at the end of the second experimental period. Effect of Some Estrogens on Rumen Metabolism. Three DES treated and three untreated cross bred Egyptian rams were used for studying the effect of DES on rumen microorganisms. Ruminal activity, judged by the diurnal concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N determined 3 and 6 weeks after DES implantation, was greater in treated animals. When rumen contents from fistulated sheep were incubated in vitro with stilbestrol dipropionate (SDP), DES, and Estradiol dipropionate (EDP), a significant increase in the number and size of rumen ciliate protozoa was observed. The extent of increase varied according to the type and concentrations of added hormones and type of rumen protozoa. Further in vitro experiments indicated that the addition of DES, SDP, and EDP promoted the fermentation of starch by washed suspensions of mixed populations of ciliate protozoa. EDP seemed to show the greatest effect in stimulating VFA production by the protozoal cells. PMID- 821751 TI - Identification of the 30-S ribosomal proteins at the decoding site by affinity labelling with a reactive oligonucleotide. AB - Proteins S18 and S1 were identified by immunological and electrophoretic techniques as constituents of the 30-S ribosomal decoding site by the use of G-U U-i[3H]acn5U (where i[3H]acn5U=5-iodo[3H]acetylaminouridine) as a chemical affinity label. S12 was modified to a minor extent and mainly when assays were carried out in the absence of tRNA. 1. Evidence for the specificity of the covalent binding of the oligonucleotide probe is given by the following experiments: G-U-U-iacn5U bound twice as much Val-tRNA as compared to G-U-U-U. The covalent binding was strongly inhibited by prebound poly(U)-Phe-tRNA. 'Programmed' ribosomes, i.e. ribosomes which contained only covalent bound oligonucleotide, stimulated the binding of Val-tRNA. 2. Val-tRNA bound to G-U-U iacn5U labelled ribosomes could not be transferred to puromycin. This might indicate that binding of the oligonucleotide occurred at the aminoacyl site. 3. 80-90% of the radioactivity was found in the 30-S subunit and only the protein moiety of the ribosome was modified. 4. Unambiguous identification of the labelled proteins was achieved by immunological techniques and revealed proteins S1 and S18 as constituents of the 30-S ribosomal decoding site. PMID- 821752 TI - Phosphorylation of intracellular fructose in Bacillus subtilis mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate-1-fructose phosphotransferase. AB - Intracellular fructose provided by the sorbitol pathway in Bacillus subtilis can be phosphorylated by the phosphenolpyruvate-1-fructose phosphotransferase which is known to mediate a vectorial metabolism. The fate of this intracellular fructose was studied using mutants lacking either the fructose 1-phosphate pathway or the fructose 6-phosphate pathway. It was shown that the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation needs a prior exit of the sugar into the medium, this exit being probably catalysed by a transport system. A low affinitiy intracellular phosphenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system was found, which seems to be devoid of a physiological role. PMID- 821753 TI - The binding of glycoconjugates to human-milk D-galactosyltransferase. AB - Through the use of affinity chromatography, a homogeneous preparation of human beta(1 leads to 4)-D-galactosyltransferase (the A protein of lactose synthase) was obtained. The specificity of this protein for glycoconjugates was studied in the presence and absence of human alpha-lactalbumin. A kinetic analysis of the transfer of D-galactose to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and the beta(1 leads to 4) linked N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, suggested that the active site region of the enzyme contains more than one binding site for acceptor moleucles. Furthermore, experiments with Na-acetylglucosamine-beta(1 leads to4)-N acetylmuramic-pentapeptide isolated from Micrococcus luteus indicated that the presence of a peptide chain does not enhance enzymic activity, as compared with the corresponding free disaccharide. Similar results were obtained using ovalbumin and the ovalbumin glycopeptide (which have similar apparent Km values for A protein) as galactose acceptors. In contrast to its ability to inhibit N acetyllactosamine production, alpha-lactalbumin did not inhibit the transfer of D galactose to the N-acetylglucosamine oligomers or the glycopeptides. Although alpha-lactalbumin can switch the specificity of A protein from N-acetyl-D glucosamine to D-glucose resulting in the production of lactose, no transfer of galactose was observed to beta(1 leads to 4)-linked glycose oligomers or to a collagen glycopeptide, D-glycopyranosyl-alpha(1 leads to 2)-D-galactopyranosyloxy beta(1 leads to 5)-lysine. IT therefore appears that alpha-lactalbumin can only modify human A protein for monosaccharide acceptors. PMID- 821755 TI - [Investigations on the utilization of parenterally administered amino acids in premature and small-for-dates neonates. IV. Control of the amino acid blood level during infusion of a pharmacokinetically balanced amino acid solution (author's transl)]. AB - An amino acid solution composed according to pharmacokinetic criteria was infused in 12 premature and 4 full-term infants. Imbalances of amino acids were not observed when the upper limit of the fasting level was accepted as a measure for balance or imbalance. The net transfer of total amino acids increased by about 40% over that in former experiments (second communication (4)). A decrease of cystine, a semiessential amino acid, could be avoided. The results were compared with the literature. During infusion, the urinary excretion of amino acids was not increased showing nearly complete utilization of the infused amin acids. PMID- 821754 TI - Intravenous nitrition of babies and infants. AB - Intravenous nutrition of the newborn has, in the past, been troubled with metabolic and infective complications. The metabolic disorders have been minimised with newer solutions and by careful administration, particularly when using infusion pumps. Greater awareness and experience has reduced infection to levels associated with conventional intravenous therapy. Intravenous feeding is now a practical and safe form of therapy for minimising weight loss in newborns who cannot feed by mouth, and may be life-saving in the post-surgical infants and in those with malabsorption syndromes. PMID- 821756 TI - Immunofluorescent titration of thymocyte reactive membrane antibodies as a suggested in vitro correlate of the immunosuppressive potency of anti-human thymocyte globulin. AB - Continued utilization of antilymphocyte and antithymocyte sera for clinical use as an immunosuppressant emphasizes the need for a reproducible in vitro assay that will correlate closely with graft protection in vivo. In this regard the in vitro serologic reactivity of antibodies in three preparations of horse anti human thymocyte globulin (HAHTG) to cell surface antigens of human thymocytes (thymic lymphocytes) as determined by agglutination, cytotoxicity and in particular for the present study by immunofluorescence (IF) have been compared with their in vivo immunosuppressive potency as measured by prolongation of graft survival. Titration by IF of antibodies in HAHTG reactive with surface antigens of cells of the thymolymphatic system appeared to provide a reasonably simple, reliable and complement-independent in vitro correlate of immunosuppressive potency. PMID- 821757 TI - Solubilization of histocompatibility and tumour-associated antigens of the P-815 murine mastocytoma cell. PMID- 821758 TI - The effects of dexamethasone on mouse skin initiation and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. PMID- 821759 TI - Electrocardiographic effects of right atrial pacing and nitroglycerin in atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys. AB - Right atrial pacing at rapid heart rates induced ischemic S-T segment changes in 19 atherosclerotic, male rhesus monkeys. Prior administration of nitroglycerin (100 mug/kg, i.v.) prevented the S-T segment alteration at a given pacing rate in 5 animals, attenuated it in 12 others, and had no effect in the remaining 2. The results of these studies are similar to earlier ones in atherosclerotic rabbits. PMID- 821760 TI - Antiplatelet and antithrombogenic effects of suloctidil. AB - Platelet aggregation induced in mice or rats by i.v. ADP can be antagonized by oral administration of suloctidil. This effect on platelet behaviour appears to be sufficient to reduce the rate of thrombotic occlusion of the femoral artery in the dog and to protect the rat against occurrence of thrombophlebitis. PMID- 821761 TI - The mechanochemical basis of amoeboid movement. I. Ionic requirements for maintaining viscoelasticity and contractility of Amoeba cytoplasm. PMID- 821762 TI - The mechanochemical basis of amoeboid movement. II. Cytoplasmic filament stability at low divalent cation concentrations. PMID- 821763 TI - Some aspects of corneal and scleral differnitation in the primate. PMID- 821765 TI - Age dependent amines, amides, and amino acid residues in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 821764 TI - Testing the protein error hypothesis of ageing in Drosophila. PMID- 821766 TI - Are altered glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase molecules present in aged liver cells? PMID- 821767 TI - Modulation of the functional stretch reflex by the segmental reflex pathway. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) reflex responses were examined in the biceps muscle of awake Cebus monkeys trained to resist perturbations of a handle with their forearm. In particular responses at latencies of 15-20 msec (M1) and 40-55 msec (M2), thought to correspond to segmental and suprasegmental reflex pathways respectively, were studied. The experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the M1 response was large, as compared to M2, only when the muscle was tonically active and small perturbations were applied. For larger perturbations the magnitude of M1 saturated and the M2 response became functionally significant, its magnitude being directly related to the magnitude of the perturbation. By means of delayed reductions in torque, the magnitude of this M2 response was also shown to be very sensitive to changes in facilitatory drive provided by segmental pathways. PMID- 821770 TI - Long-term chronic recording from cortical neurons. PMID- 821768 TI - Projections from the cortical larynx area in the squirrel monkey. AB - The projections from the cortical vocal fold area were studied in five squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) with the aid of the autoradiographic tracing technique. The location of the cortical vocal fold area was determined by exploring the exposed frontal cortex with roving electrodes while examining the larynx for vocal fold adduction. The following projections were found: To the orbital cortex (area 11), dorsomedial frontal cortex (areas 6 and 8), Broca's area (area 44), lower fronto-parietal cortex (areas 6, 4, 3 and 1), fronto parietal operculum (area 50), insula (areas 14 and 13), caudatum, putamen, claustrum nucl. reticularis th., nucl. ventralis anterior, nucl. ventralis lateralis, nucl. ventralis posteromedialis, nucl. centralis inferior, nucl. centralis lateralis, nucl. medialis dorsalis, nucl. pulvinaris medialis, griseum pontis, nucl. parabrachialis medialis and lateralis, nucl. tr. spinalis n. trigemini and nucl. tr. solitarri. A comparison of the projection system with a previous mapping study for vocalization (Jurgens and Ploog, 1970) revealed that there are two areas yielding vocalization when electrically stimulated which receive direct projections from the cortical larynx area, namely, the cortex around the anterior sulcus cinguli and the parabrachial nuclei at the pons midbrain transition. The possible relevance of these structures for vocalization is discussed. PMID- 821769 TI - Chronic recording of neurons in epileptogenic foci of monkey during seizures. PMID- 821771 TI - Long-lasting depression of hippocampus-mammillary body evoked potentials following stimulation of the basal amygdala in cats. PMID- 821772 TI - Structure-activity correlations in a homologous series of 2-substituted isonicotinic acid hydrazides. PMID- 821773 TI - The application of Huckel molecular orbital calculations to study of antituberculotic activity of thioamides. PMID- 821774 TI - Changes in dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity of monkey plasma with age. PMID- 821776 TI - Repressible alkaline phosphatase in Aspergillus niger. AB - ALP from A. niger is a) P1 repressible enzyme; b) stimulated by addition of Zn++ to the growth medium, and c) that EDTA inhibits the enzyme reversibly, which could be restored by addition of Zn++ and perhaps Mg++. This property is in contrast to the enzyme from N. crassa, which is independent of any metal requirement. PMID- 821775 TI - Effects of long-term feeding of glibenclamide on normal rats. AB - Prolonged administration of glibenclamide decreased blood sugar, liver glycogen and protein and increased liver and serum lipids and organic phosphates of liver in normal rats. A significant weight increase observed in glibenclamide group of rats is attributed to lipid accumulation. PMID- 821777 TI - Stimulation of growth by insulin in Drosophila embryonic cells in vitro. AB - For obtaining a better yield of established lines of embryonic Drosophila cells, insulin proved to be a useful substance to be added to the culture medium. 10% of lines became established, showing a predominantly diploid chromosome number. PMID- 821778 TI - The influence of somatostatin on drug-induced prolactin release in the monkey. AB - The infusion of linear somatostatin did not block prolactin release induced by either perphenazine, TRH or serotonin. Somatostatin infusion, however, potentiated prolactin release induced by perphenazine and TRH but not that induced by serotonin. PMID- 821779 TI - Metabolically regulated cyclical contractures in microinjected Spirostomum: a pharmacological study. PMID- 821780 TI - Effects of prolactin and growth hormone on DNA synthesis of rat mammary carcinomas in vitro. AB - Explants derived from mammary carcinomas of DMBA-treated female Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured for 5 days in Medium 199 containing insulin and corticosterone. The addition of ovine prolactin to the culture media resulted in a consistent significant increase in H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA. DNA synthesis of explants treated with either ovine or human growth hormone was intermediary to prolactin-treated cultures and control cultures. A combination of prolactin and human growth hormone often increased DNA synthesis above either hormone alone, suggesting a possible growth synergism between these peptides. PMID- 821781 TI - [Various methods for determination of nifurpipone in the human urine]. PMID- 821782 TI - Convenient procedure for extraction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamic tissue. PMID- 821783 TI - Primate social behavior as a method of analysis of drug action: studies with THC in monkeys. AB - The use of primate social behavior tests systems to characterize alteration of central nervous system (CNS) function by lesioning, telestimulation, and psychoactive drugs is discussed. Current observations of effects of acute and long-term chronic administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in group-caged rhesus monkeys are cited to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of primate social behavior test systems in characterization of CNS drugs. The time course of drug action proceeds from the acute intoxication stage (sedation, stimulation, decreased social interaction) through behavioral tolerance to the emergence of irritable aggressiveness (which is demonstrated in four different social contexts). The influence of social enviornmental factors and individual differences in social roles on the manifestation of drug effects are discussed. Possible mechanisms of drug action (on biogenic amines and synaptic receptors) compatible with the behavioral data are suggested. PMID- 821784 TI - Behavioral procedures for evaluating the relative abuse potential of CNS drugs in primates. AB - Laboratory animal drug self-administration procedures for evaluating pharmacological abuse potential have focused on performance measurements involving relative rates of drug-maintained responding, discrete-trial choice determinations, and response cost or progressive ratio values. Relative rate measures have proved historically difficult to use for reliable reinforcement strength determinations. Discrete-trial choice procedures for assessing the relative reinforcing properties of stimulus events have recently been reported to effectively discriminate between different drugs and different doses of the same drug. Additionally, response cost or progressive ratio procedures involving systematic increases in the number of responses required for successive drug reinforcements have begun to reveal orderly relationships between different reinforcing drugs at various doses and a "breaking point" measure of the relative strength of a reinforcer. Comparisons between selected doses of cocaine, methylphenidate, and secobarbital with a series of five baboons using this procedure have shown that over the same behaviorally active dose range, cocaine breaking points were higher than all of the breaking points obtained with methylphenidate. Dose-response differences were also revealed in "breaking point" comparisons between secobarbital on the one hand, and methylphenidate and cocaine, on the other. PMID- 821785 TI - Great apes and rhesus monkeys as subjects for psychopharmacological studies of stimulants and depressants. AB - A group of experiments is described in which chimpanzees and orangutans are utilized as subjects in research projects designed to evaluate the effects of stimulant and depressant drugs on learning and performance. Efficiency of performance on a task which measures spaced responding was impaired when subjects smoked cigarettes containing delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol prior to testing. In a sequential learning task, these subjects also demonstrated reduced performance when stimulatn drugs were orally administered before testing. Depressant drugs did not produce comparable decrements in sequential learning performance. Physical and behavioral tolerance and dependence on ethanol were investigated in rhesus monkey subjects using a variety of experimental procedures, including forced oral acceptance, intragastric intubation, intravenous infusion, and conditioned voluntary oral acceptance. PMID- 821786 TI - Assessment of CNS drug activity in rhesus monkeys by analysis of the EEG. AB - The data generated from the application of spectral analytical techniques to the analysis of electroencephalograms (EEG) provide a reliable base for the quantification of such data. Drugs with a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) activities were characterized by their effects on neocortical EEGs of Macaca mulatta monkeys according to the specificity of autospectral changes at different anatomical sites. Changes in total spectral power, in the shape of the spectral envelope, and in the relative stability of the drug-induced EEG were assessed at various doses. Electroencephalograms were recorded from epidural electrodes under resting conditions and under the influence of CNS drugs. Autospectra representing sequential 4-second samples of EEG were generated successively over a nominal frequency band of 0-64 Hz. Averages of sequential autospectra were computed over specified time periods. Spectral power over the entire bandwidth and selected frequency regions was calculated and compared. This facilitated the grouping of drugs with similar activities, as well as the distinguishing of changes not readily detectable by visual inspection of the conventional EEG in the time domain. PMID- 821787 TI - Measurement of anticonvulsant activity in the Papio papio model of epilepsy. AB - The status of Papio papio as a model of clinical epilepsy has been reviewed. The anticonvulsant effects of single doses of various classic and experimental agents have been compared against seizures induced in the P. papio by intermittent light stimulation. Long-acting but not short-acting barbiturates have been shown fully to control seizures with minor sedative effects. Diphenylhydantoin (in chronic doses only) and trimethadione are often effective but not consistently so. Diazepam and clonazepam block seizures at very low doses both acutely and chronically. However, an initial dose well above threshold seems essential if anticonvulsant effects are to be maintained under chronic administration of these compounds. Carbamazepine and SC 13504 (1-benzhydryl-4(6 methyl-2 pyridylmethyleneimino)piperazine), as well as two nonstimulant analogues of amphetamine, were shown to be promising anticonvulsants in this model. A biphasic action of tetrahydrocannabinol, anticonvulsant at a few micrograms per kilogram but not at higher doses, was also demonstrated. Finally, the anticonvulsant action of intraventricular epinephrine and norepinephrine was reported. PMID- 821788 TI - Menkes' kinky hair syndrome: a genetic disease involving copper. AB - The kinky hair syndrome (KHS) is an X-linked defect of copper transport in man. An animal model is available in mutants at the X-linked mottled locus in mice. The defect does not involve the uptake of copper from the intestinal lumen but rather the transport of copper from intestinal cells. The reduced activity of several copper-dependent enzymes and the lower copper content of serum, liver, and probably brain account for the manifestations of the disorder which are evident at, or shortly after, birth. Intrauterine involvement is likely but prenatal diagnosis is not yet possible. Although the delivery of iron to the erythropoietic system, and its utilization, are impaired in nutritionally induced copper deficiency, as is neutrophil production, these processes appear normal in KHS. thus, adequate copper to carry them out is available in KHS. While there may be more than one transport system for copper (only one of which is affected in KHS) it is also possible that the hematopoietic tissue in KHS, like the intestinal cells, has abnormally high afficity for copper. The presence of multiple alleles at the KHS locus (and at other genetic loci) in man, which cause different degrees of reduction in copper transport, could account for variations in the susceptibility to copper deficiency observed in infant populations. PMID- 821789 TI - Implantation of a tissue-binding material in the female genital tract: a preliminary study on oviduct occlusion and the prevention of adhesions in baboons. AB - Studies conducted in adult female baboons have documented the potential usefulness of a new alloplastic substance, Proplast, when applied to the genital tract of the human female. Two areas of likely application are in the prevention of adhesions in infertility surgery and in reversible or permanent tubal occlusion. PMID- 821790 TI - Scrapie in sheep and goats. PMID- 821791 TI - The pathogenesis of scrapie in mice. PMID- 821792 TI - [Comparison with growth hormone responses to various drugs or substances in patients with active acromegaly (author's transl)]. AB - Growth hormone (GH) responses to L-dopa, 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154), thyrotropine-releasing hormone (TRH), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH RH), glucagon and glucose were investigated in six patients with active acromegaly. The following results were obtained. 1) Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg glucagon caused a clear-cut decrease in plasma GH levels in 5 out of 6 active acromegalic patients at 30 minutes after the injection. In 2 out of 6 patients a rebound of plasma GH was observed. 2) In three out of six patients with active acromegaly, oral administration of 0.5 g L-dopa caused a significant suppression of plasma GH levels. 3) CB-154 (2.5mg) administered orally elicited a marked decrease in plasma GH levels in the same three patients who showed a significant suppressive GH reponse to L-dopa, and the inhibitory effect of CB-154 on GH secretion lasted for 6 hours. These patients who had a GH response to L-dopa or CB-154 were named "responders". 4) Intravenous administration of TRH resulted in a significant increase in plasma GH in 4 patients 3 of whom were responders and the other a non-responder. 5) Pretreatment with CB-154 did not modify the TRH induced GH increase in all patients who had a positive response to TRH. 6) A significant increase in plasma GH was elicited by the intravenous injection of 100 mug LH-RH in 3 out of 6 patients with acromegaly. 7) When oral administration of CB-154 had been given 2 hours before LH-RH, the GH response to LH-RH was blunted in two of three patients who had a LH-RH-induced increase in plasma GH levels. PMID- 821793 TI - [Follicular xanthoma]. PMID- 821794 TI - [The asymptomatic gonococcal infection. Electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 821795 TI - [The demonstration of precipitating antibodies in candida infection]. PMID- 821796 TI - [Relationship of time and temperature in the use of transport media for the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 821797 TI - Glycoprotein glycosyltransferases in male reproductive organs and their hormonal regulation. AB - The prostate glands of rats, mice, guinea pigs and hamsters were found to be a rich source of enzymes catalyzing the Mn2+-dependent transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to glycoprotein acceptors such as ovomucoid and ovalbumin. The ventral prostate was also very active in promoting transfer of fucose from GDP fucose to ovomucoid. The prostatic enzymes promoting both galactosyl and fucosyl transfers to glycoproteins were very largely membrane-bound, and were markedly activated by the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. Castration of adult male resulted in a many-fold and roughly parallel decline in both glycosyltransferase activities over a period of two weeks, which was reversed by subsequent daily treatment with testosterone for 8 days. The very low galactosyltransferase of the ventral prostate of hypophysectomized rats was markedly enhanced by testosterone administration, whereas prolactin alone or in combination with androgen had no significant effect. PMID- 821799 TI - Clonal analysis of a genetically caused duplication of the anterior wing in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 821798 TI - The control of puffing by ions - the Kroeger hypothesis: a critical review. AB - We have re-examined the several papers which appear to us to represent the principal lines of evidence for what we call the Kroeger hypothesis. To do this we have stated this hypothesis in its simplest, most concrete form, a form that has been repeatedly and forceably enunciated in the literature (Kroeger, 1963a, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968; Kroeger and Lezzi 1966; Lezzi and Frigg, 1971). The evidence suggests to us that ecdysone's effect on puffing is probably not mediated by the [K+]/[Na+]. While such a model cannot, even now, be excluded, we see little reason to believe in it. We take the general issues raised by Kroeger's ideas very seriously. Nucleoprotein complexes are exquisitely sensitive to changes in salt concentration and ionic selectivity is a well-known property of proteins (and of ion-exchangers in general, see, for example, Diamond and Wright, 1969). Thus it might not be shocking if cells utilized this specificity in some general control over chromsosome structure, perhaps a second-layer of control superimposed upon other transcriptional controls. Therefore it is our feeling that Kroeger's data merits very careful and critical study, the more so because the experiments involved are intrinsically difficult. It is in this vein that we have tried to review Kroeger's data. PMID- 821800 TI - Studies on the female-sterile mutant rudimentary of Drosophila melanogaster. 1. An analysis of the rudimentary wing phenotype. PMID- 821801 TI - Standardization of Escherichia coli oral vaccines. AB - The proof of the efficacy of a vaccine can be rendered only by field trials. Nevertheless, a number of in vitro and in vivo tests has to be employed before large-scale testing can be carried out. This particularly holds true about vaccines used to prevent intestinal infections, which were the center of our interest. Seven strains, four of them causing diarrhea in man, and three in animals, have been investigated as potential oral immunizing agents. The strains were made apathogenic by heating, or developing streptomycin-dependence, or by chemical agents. The efficacy of the vaccines was tested by feeding vervet monkeys with them, by determining their potency in the ligated rabbit and rat intestinal loop, by determining coproantibody formation and by estimating the circulating anti-enterotoxin as well as precipitating and bacteriolytic antibodies. Enterotoxin developed by human pathogens differed in its action from that of animalpathogenic strains. According to the penetrating ability of the strains, there was a difference between the circulating antibody evoking capability. Therefore in fundamental assay of the vaccines, the dose-response, the length of the administration of the immunizing agents, and their dosage had to be investigated before and after challenge with homologous and heterologous E. coli strains. It is suggested that coproantibody determination together with monitoring circulating antibodies after vaccination and after challenge be used to standardize these vaccines. PMID- 821802 TI - Field trials with killed oral typhoid vaccines. AB - The article gives the results of the use of two types of killed oral typhus vaccine administered to students 10 to 19 years of age in two urban areas of the Province of Santiago. Vaccine from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was administered to 37,517 students and placebo to an equivalent control group. The period of observation was 18 months (November 1973-April 1975). The other product, from the German Federal Republic (GFR) was administered to 37,566 students, with placebo given to an equivalent control group. In this case the observation period was 7 months (October 1974-April 1975). The antigenic composition of the two vaccines is qualitatively and quantitatively different as are the characteristics of their preparation. In the field trial with the product from the GDR, the morbidity for typhoid fever in the vaccinated and control groups showed statistically significant differences, even though on the border line level. Satisfactory and highly significant results had been obtained with the product in earlier field trials. The difference observed between morbidity in the two groups in the field trial with GFR vaccine was not significant. It is emphasized in this regard that the observation period was shorter in this case, which precludes definitive conclusions. A high proportion of reliable confirmation of diagnosis of cases is evident for both field trials. The findings show the need for subjecting this type of vaccine to further and better field trials. PMID- 821803 TI - Controlled field trials of killed oral typhoid and paratyphoid B vaccines and cell-free, chemical aerosol typhoid vaccine. AB - Three controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that an aerosol with cell-free, chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinees from the disease. The other trials (1964 and 1965) assessing the efficacy of killed oral typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect. In the trial of oral paratyphoid B vaccine no statistically significant difference in morbidity in the test and control groups was observed due to the small number of cases. PMID- 821804 TI - The effects of prenatal and postnatal protein malnutrition of physical and motor development of the rat. AB - The effects of protein malnutrition in the early stages of mammalian life have been found to be pervasive and frequently very persistent. We conducted this experiment to investigate the relative effects of protein deficiency during prenatal and/or postnatal (preweaning) stages of development in order to evaluate the effects of the timing of protein malnutrition and its duration and found significant deficits on a variety of measures of physical and motor development. Animals maintained on low protein diets both prenatally and postnatally showed the greatest developmental deficits whereas animals maintained on low protein diets either prenatally or postnatally were developmentally intermediate relative to animals maintained on normal diets. PMID- 821805 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of dosing regimens for insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - A pharmacokinetic model of the insulin-glucose system was used to examine the effectiveness of insulin administered by a variety of routes and regimens for diabetic ketoacidosis. The blood plasma concentration of glucose was set at 1,000 mg. per dl., and the effects of the following insulin regimens on the glucose plasma level were compared: low dose (90mU. per kg. per hr.) administered by hourly intramuscular injection, constant-rate infusion, hourly intravenous bolus, constant-rate infusion with intravenous loading dose, and high dose (2 U. per kg.) with half given as an intravenous bolus and the remainder administered subcutaneously. Computer simulations showed that the high-dose regimen reduced the plasma glucose concentration rapidly to a hypoglycemic level (less than 34 mg. per dl. at three hours postadministration). The low-dose regimens reduced the plasma glucose level more slowly than did the high-dose regimen. Differences among the low-dose regimens were noted. The initial decline of the plasma glucose level was relatively slow with both the intramuscular and constant-rate infusion regimens. An additional problem with the intramuscular regimen was the accumulation of insulin at sites of administration. This accumulation could make judgment of the appropriate time to discontinue insulin difficult. Both the hourly intravenous bolus and the constant-rate infusion with loading-dose regimens caused a prompt decline in the plasma glucose level. Their potential for causing hypoglycemia was low provided insulin was discontinued when the plasma glucose level reached 180 mg. per dl. PMID- 821806 TI - Current status of islet and pancreas transplantation in diabetes. PMID- 821807 TI - The epithelial surface of the monkey gastrointestinal tract. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - A scanning electron-microscopic investigation of the luminal surface of the primate gastrointestinal tract has been performed using tissue prepared by critical point drying. This report defines criteria for identifying different segments of the normal primate gastrointestinal tract on the pasis of scanning electron-microscopic observations of the epithelial surface. PMID- 821808 TI - Small intestinal mass of the rat is partially determined by indirect effects of intraluminal nutrition. AB - Although intraluminal nutrition presumably maintains small intestinal mass by direct contact with the epithelial cells, hormonal or neurovascular elicited by feeding may play an indirect role. In order to test for the presence of indirect factors, Thiry- Vella fistulae were created from the proximal small intestine of two groups of rats. The bypassed gut of a group of rats receiving an elemental diet intravenously was compared to a second group receiving the same diet by intragastric infusion. After 1 week, there was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) gut weight, mucosal weight, DNA content, and protein content of both the gut in continuity and tje bypassed gut of intragastric infused rats. Total sucrase activity was also greater (P less than 0.01) in intragastric fed rats, and this was due to both a greater protein content and specific activity (P is less than 0.05) of the gut in continuity and to the greater protein content of the bypassed gut. Serum gastrin levels were similar (P less than 0.05) in both groups, suggesting that gastrin may not play a role in initiating the differences reported. This study suggests that intraluminal nutrition maintains the small intestinal epithelial population in part, indirectly, by unidentified hormonal or neurovascular stimuli. PMID- 821809 TI - Letter: Cholestasis in infancy. PMID- 821810 TI - Comparative physiology of the mammalian epididymis. PMID- 821811 TI - Absence of high-affinity low-capacity components of T4-binding sites in the cytosol of the bullfrog tadpole. PMID- 821812 TI - Ovarian development in young toads, bufo bufo bufo (L.): effects of unilateral ovariectomy, hypophysectomy, treatment with gonadotropin (hCG), growth hormone, and prolactin, and importance of body growth. PMID- 821813 TI - Temperature-sensitive cell-lethal mutants of drosophila: isolation and characterization. AB - One hundred and twenty-one sensitive (ts) sex-linked lethals were screened by means of X-ray-induced somatic crossing over to determine if any were ts cell lethal mutants. Cell-lethal mutations were identified by their ability to block the development of homozygous clones when raised under restrictive conditions (29degrees). Twenty-two ts cell-lethal mutants were isolated and categorized into three classes, depending upon the patterns of damage observed in larval and imaginal tissues. The phenotypes produced by these mutations ranged from those which affected only a limited set of structures (i.e., genital discs only) to those which affected diverse tissues at all stages of the life cycle. Each mutation has its own characteristic time-dependent pattern, frequency, and type of damage. All the mutations affect imaginal tissue, but only one-third of the mutations affect both larval and imaginal tissue. The fastest-acting lethals need 15 hours at the restrictive temperature to kill the cells and the slowest-acting lethals require at least 48 hours. By choosing the appropriate mutant and by manipulating the times of exposure to the restrictive temperature, it has proven possible to produce duplications and deficiencies in specific structures of the adult. A mechanism by which lethality might yield such structures is suggested. In addition, 15 of the mutants are ts female sterile mutants. Only one of these 15 mutants can recover its fertility when shifted back down to the permissive temperature (22degrees). PMID- 821814 TI - Genetic dissection of segregation distortion II. Mechanism of suppression of distortion by certain inversions. AB - In(2L+2R)Cgamma and In(2LR)Pm2 are inversion-bearing chromosomes, the former carrying a paracentric inversion in each arm and the latter carrying a long pericentric. Both chromosomes produce normal segregation ratios when present in heterozygous males with certain segregation distorter chromosomes. The apparent suppression of distortion by these chromosomes was long attributed to a failure of synapsis, but this hypothesis has fallen out of favor recently because a large number of chromosome aberrations, particularly translocations and inversions, suppress distortion even though their breakpoints fall into no recognizable pattern. Although failure of synapsis does not appear to be the mechanism of suppression of distortion, what is responsible for the suppression remains unknown. In this paper it is shown that In(2L+2R)Cgamma and In(2LR)Pm2 suppress segregation distortion because they carry Rsp, a component of the segregation distorter system that renders a chromosome insensitive to distortion. Both chromosomes induce "suicide" of chromosomes carrying Sd Rsp+. PMID- 821815 TI - Mutator factors and genetic variance components of viability in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In the process of testing whether or not the independent-locus selection model holds true with previously estimated genetic parameters (cf. MUKAI and MARUYAMA 1971) in D. melanogaster collected near Raleigh, North Carolina, we found an abnormal phenomenon: an unusually large increase in dominance variance for viability in comparison with additive variance with the accumulation of mutations on 140 randomyl sampled, inversion-free second chromosomes. Mutations were accumulated only through males heterozygous for the Pm-carrying chromosome [In(2LR)bwV1] and the extracted second chromosomes, and the genetic variance components were estimated by using a partial diallel cross method.--Further investigations clarified that chromosome abberations occurred at a frequency of 0.0114 per second chromosome per generation (inversions: 0.0098; transpositions: 0.0011; translocation: 0.0004), and recessive lethal mutations occurred at an average rate of 0.031 per second chromosome per generation.--From these results and from the amount of change in the homozygous load, it was speculated that about 60--70% of the second chromosomes used had a kind of mutator which induced chromosome and/or chromatid breaks at a minimum rate of 0.18 per second chromosome per generation. These breaks resulted in recessive lethal mutations at a rate more than ten times higher than the normal rate. Also these breaks were most probably the cause of male recombination.--The above unusual increase in dominance variance can be explained by assuming that chromosome segments, introduced into the extracted "wild" chromosomes by male recombinations (double crossover) from the marker chromosomes [In(2LR)bwV1], showed heterosis and linkage disequilibria with deleterious mutations and possibly with other introduced segments.--Finally, the nature and possible significance of mutator factors are discussed. PMID- 821816 TI - Mutations affecting cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Selection and genetic analysis. AB - Fourteen nitrosoguanidine-induced mutations that bring about temperature sensitive morphological abnormalities resulting from a specific effect on cell division have been isolated as heterozygous phenotypic assortants in Tetrahymena pyriformis syngen 1. Genetic analysis revealed all to be single-gene recessives. Detailed analysis of the kinetics of assortment for one of the mutated alleles revealed a rate (0.0104 pure lines per fission) consistent with that previously observed at other loci in this organism. The mutations fall into six complementation groups (mo1, mo2, mo3, mo6, mo8, and mo12). Homozygotes of mo2 are unconditionally expresed, while all alleles of mo1, mo6, mo8, and mo12 are heat sensitive for division arrest. At the mo3 locus two alleles are heat senstivie, one is primarily cold sensitive, while two are sensitive to both heat and cold. Two out of three combinations of different mo3 alleles show conventional Mendelian segregation of conditions of expression. Different alleles of mo1, mo3, mo8, and mo12 also manifest differences in penetrance at the restrictive temperature. Despite these differences involving expression, the abnormal phenotypes themselves are locus-specific and distinctive; in the one case (mo1a and mo1b) in which two alleles manifest somewhat different phenotypes, the F1 between them is intermediate. One additional recessive mutation (fat1) brings about a nonconditional lengthening of the cell cycle, with some arrest of cell division at the restrictive temperature. These findings demonstrate that selection of heterozygotes undergoing phenotypic assortment can be an effective method for obtaining substantial numbers of a desired class of temperature sensitive mutations in T. pyriformis. PMID- 821818 TI - Is there a gene regulating the scute locus on the third chromosome of D. melanogaster? AB - A section of the third chromosome of D. melanogaster some 25 to 40 centimorgans long including sr was transferred from a wild-type stock selected by Latter for high scutellar bristle number into a scute stock with a large number of scutellar bristles. This segment is shown to have a large effect on the bristle numbers of wild-type flies, to reduce the strength of canalization of the scute phenotype at 4 bristles, to have little, if any, effect on bristle numbers of scute flies with less that 4 bristles but to increase the number of flies with 5 and 6 scutellar bristles in scute stocks that normally have a large number of flies with 4 bristles. It is suggested that this segment in unselected chromosomes contains a gene that regulates bristle number by repressing the scute locus and that Latter has selected a mutant of the regulator which fails to repress the aciton of the scute locus. PMID- 821817 TI - Genetics of acetylcholinesterase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Genes in Drosophila melanogaster that control acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were searched for by segmental aneuploidy techniques. Homogenates of flies containing duplications or deletions for different segments were assayed for enzyme activity. A region on the third chromosome was found for which flies having one dose consistently gave lower AChE activity than euploid flies, which in turn had lower activity than flies with three doses. The activity differences were in the approximate ratio 1:2:3. Fine structure deletion mapping within this region revealed a very small segment for which one-dose flies have approximately half normal activity. To obtain putative AchE-null mutations, lethal mutations within this region were assayed. Four allelic lethals have approximately half-normal activity in heterozygous condition. These lethals probably define the structural locus (symbol: Ace) for AchE. PMID- 821819 TI - Mutagenic effect of thioTEPA in laboratory mice. V. Influence of female genotype on realization of dominant lethal mutations induced in the spermatids of males. AB - Hybrid male mice (F1 males derived from the cross DBA/2 x AKR) were injected intraperitoneally with thio-TEPA at a 2 mg/kg dose. The mutagenic effect was determined from the frequency of dominant lethal mutations induced in spermatids of males. The males were mated during the second and the third week after the injection to females of the strains C57BL/6, CBA/lac and to the F1 hybrid females derived from the cross CBA x C57BL/6 differing in the frequency of spontaneous and induced aberrations in bone marrow cells. In the course of investigation of pregnant C57BL/6 females F1 (CBA x C57BL/6) and CBA/Lac females the frequency of dominant lethals induced in late spermatids was established to be 63.4, 54.0 and 37.9% respectively. The differences were interpreted as the evidence of different rates of recovery of a certain proportion of premutational lesions of the chromosomes of pserms in fertilized egg cells of female mice. No significant differences between the groups of females were observed in case of the treatment of early spermatids. It is establihsed that the F1 hybrids derived from the cross DBA/2 x AKR are characterized by a high mutability. PMID- 821821 TI - [Comparative frequency of phenotypic resemblance of intrafamilial and interfamilial pairs of patients with generalized and focal epilepsy]. AB - The correlation of the frequency of intra-paired phenotypical resemblance of intrafamilial (parents-children - 46 pairs, sibses - 26 pairs) and interfamilial (48 pairs) epilepsy according to the complex of constitutional and clinical features is studied. The intra-paired resemblance of the onset (homochronicity) and clinic (homotypia) of intrafamilial (even in different generations) epilepsy was discovered more often (41.3-88.5%) than interfamilial epilepsy (18.7-33.3%). The complete intra-paired phenotypical resemblance is the most characteristic for generalized, than focal intrafamiliar epilepsy. The comparison of the frequency of intra-paired resemblance according to constitutional features and the medium influence showed that the phenotypical manifestation of the epileptical genotype depends on the complex constellation of hereditary and medium factors being subjected to considerable modification by exogenes. However the clear difference of the frequency of intra-paired clinical resemblance of intra- and interfamilial epilepsy in considerable degree was caused rather by constitutional pecularities than by exogenes influence and may testify to possible hereditary heterogeneity of epilepsy. PMID- 821820 TI - [Experimental study of the morphogenetic properties of several phenols inducing a phenocopy of vitiligo]. AB - In an experiment with black guinea pigs a phenocopy of vitiligo was obtained by means of the exposure of the skin to the action of p-tert-butyl-phenol (PTBP) or to catechol (C). Two other compounds: 2,2-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane (DDP) and 2, 4, 6-tri-tert-butyl-phenol (TTBP) exerted a slight hypopigmentary effect. PTBP and C depigmented the skin but caused no preceding inflammation. Spots of depigmented (white) skin and hairs were surrounded by a zone of hyperpigmentation. Leukoderma proved to be stable, in some cases irreversible, and exhibited a tendency to progressing and spontaneous dissemination. In the experiments with Drosophila melanogaster both PTBP and C were observed to possess a morphogenetic capacity: they induced a change in the puparium colour (C), as well as of the colour of body and wings of adult flies, inducing also disturbances of wing development practically in 100% of individuals to which these substances were administrated with food at the larval stage. None of the four preparations tested exerted any mutagenic effect in cells of imaginal buds of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 821822 TI - [Structural changes in the chromosomes of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of monkeys subjected to daily long-term irradiation]. AB - During the period that lasted from 4 to 11 years after the cessation of the long term daily gamma-irradiation the frequency of chromosome rearrangements in peripheral blood lymphocytes of monkeys exceeded the control level. The number of rearrangements did not change significantly at different total irradiation dosses (from 826 to 3677 r). The main type of structural chromosome rearrangements were symmetrical chromosome exchanges. Abnormal cell clones in peripheral blood lymphocytes of monkeys irradiated at low doses had no selective advantages during the periods of investigation. PMID- 821823 TI - Long-term hemodialysis for patients over 50. AB - Hemodialysis can hodl end-state renal failure at bay and enable patients to lead a relatively normal life-regardless of their age. In a 10 year retrospective study of 574 patients, the 154 patients over 50 had about the same survival rates as younger persons for the first three years of dialysis. After that, the older patients had higher mortality. Patients who dialyzed themselves at home-with a relative or friend to help-had much better results than those who were dialyzed at the center. This in part reflects the selection process, since patients with severe medical problems usually weren't allowed to try self-dialysis. Older patients did particularly well on home dialysis, which was attributed to their maturity and dependability. Older patients with cardiac instability may require carefully monitored dialysis at the center and frequent blood transfusions. In general, though, patients over 50 needed fewer transfusions and fewer days in the hospital than younger patients. PMID- 821824 TI - Postoperative external pelvic irradiation in carcinoma of the corpus stage I: a controlled clinical trial. PMID- 821826 TI - Postural and locomotor behavior of Alouatta palliata on various substrates. AB - A study of the postures and locomotor modes of Alouatta palliata was conducted from mid-June to mid-September 1974 on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. Activities, postures, and locomotor modes were recorded relative to the position of the animals in the trees and to the size and angulatiry of the support structures. Most activities, in particular feeding, occurred on small, flexible, nearly horizontal supports on the periphery of tree crowns. Differential use of the various zones of the tree crowns and support size classes were noted among several age-sex categories. PMID- 821825 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of baboon spermatozoa. AB - Ejaculated baboon sperm was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The plasma membrane was generally smooth except on the acrosome where it was probably slightly wrinkled. The head was short, oval, paddle-shaped and tapering at its anterior end. The anterior segment of the acrosome was surrounded by a marginal thickening; the postacrosomal region was limited anteriorly by the equatorial segment and caudally by the posterior ring. Subsurface structures were visible in the tail, such as the relatively long and regular helix of mitochondria in the middle piece and the columns and ribs of the sheath in the principal piece. The morphology and dimensions of the baboon sperm was compared with that of other Primates and found very close to that of other Cercopithecidae. PMID- 821827 TI - The rise of primatology in the twentieth century. PMID- 821828 TI - Field observation of a birth in hamadryas baboons. AB - A birth in hamadryas baboons was observed during an 18-month field study in Ethiopia. The behavior of the birth-giving female and the members of her harem unit are described. PMID- 821829 TI - Rank, rhesus social behavior, and stress. AB - Four monkeys were tested in varied short-term groupings in which individual monkeys were predicted to be alternatively the highest, the lowest, and the intermediate animal in dominance. Their overt behaviors in each hour test, especially submissive behaviors in subordinate animals, correlated well with rank; but measures of blood cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid secretion did not. PMID- 821830 TI - Twilight zeitgebers, weather, and activity of nocturnal primates. AB - Bush babies (Galago senegalensis), slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang), and an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) in outdoor enclosures usually began activity in certain illuminance ranges of dusk and accommodated to seasonal changes in sunset time. Influences of cloud cover were variable, but marked heat and cold were inhibitory. Accurate endogenous timekeeping and a reliance on the most stable zeitgeber apparently maintain activities in synchrony with the rhythmically changing environment. PMID- 821832 TI - Olfactory and visual cues in social interactions of Lemur catta. AB - The relationship between visual and olfactory cues and their relative importance in interactions between pairs of adult male ring-tailed lemurs was determined. Visual and olfactory contact was controlled. When visualcontact was prevented. little behavior occurred. When visual contact was permitted, olfactory cues altered behavior. PMID- 821831 TI - Affinites of tertiary hominoid femora. AB - Uni- and multivariate analyses of 244 extant and 4 fossil primate femora indicate that none of the Tertiary hominoid fossil femora resembles the great apes. The dryopithecine femur from Moboko, Kenya, is most like Nasalis. Pliopithecus and the fossil from Eppelsheim are similar to one another and to Hylobates, but unlike the African dryopithecine. A new specimen from the Miocene deposits of Songhor, Kenya, is very similar to Hylobates and is probably a member of the hylobatine taxon, Lomnopithecus macinnesi. The lack of similarity between the African dryopithecine femur and the femora of the extant great apes in further evidence that the typical hominoid postcranial morphology evolved after the middle Miocene period. PMID- 821833 TI - Vocalizations of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in southwestern Panama. AB - This report presents an analysis of the vocal repertoire of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) observed during a field study in southwestern Panama. 26 types of vocalizations were identified and described, and sonagrams are presented for 21 of them. The vocal repertoire contained many nondiscrete calls that graded continuously into each other, and all of the calls appeared to fit into 5 or 6 broad families. A tape recording of the vocalizations described in this study is available. PMID- 821834 TI - Activity of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase in different regions of baboon brain. AB - 1. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was determined in over one hundred areas and sub areas of baboon brain. Remarkably higher enzyme activities were found in the substantia nigra, the pallidum, the colliculi and the certain regions of the hypothalamus. These findings agreed with earlier report on fewer numbers of regions in the brains of lower mammals. 2. By careful dissections and determinations, several specified nuclei of extremely small size were also studied and it was found that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis had enzyme activity equivalent to that in the substantia nigra. Considerable activity was also found in the coordination nuclei in the midbrain, the nucleus basalis and some other restricted regions. 3. The significance of the differences in GAD activities found in the various regions of the brain is discussed. PMID- 821835 TI - [Chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Clinical aspects and bacteriology]. AB - 50 patients suffering from chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis were examined. In 66% an open fracture, caused either by traffic or industrial accidents was the primary reason for hospitalization. The most frequent pathogenic bacterium was staphylococcus aureus: 80% of the patients suffered from staphylococcal infections, mostly, however, in mixed culture with pseudomonas aeruginosa or clebsiella. Whereas the peripheral leukocyte count and the serum electrophoresis showed abnormal values only in a small percentage of the patients, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate proved to be a reliable index of the intensity of chronic infection. PMID- 821836 TI - [Problems in the toxicology of sex hormones]. PMID- 821837 TI - [Rhesus-erythroblastosis. Diagnosis, therapy, prevention]. AB - In consequence of feto-maternal disagreement within the rhesus-system the antibody production by the mother's immunogenic system can be initiated. Those rhesus-antibodies penetrate through the placental barrier and -- due to a massive heamolysis of the fetal erythrocytes -- they cause the principal symptoms such as anaemia, jaundice of the new born and hydrops congenitus universalis. Consequently adhered to screening examinations during pregnancy along with routine examinations of blood-group and antibody-titers help to determine a predisposition to as well as manifest incompatibilities. If antibody levels are suspiciously high, amniocentesis must be performed repeatedly. A possible severe damage to the child can be prevented by intrauterine blood-transfusion and by induced termination of labour or termination of pregnancy before date. The rhesus injured newborn must be transferred immediately to an intensive-care-unit. In case of pronounced augmentation of the bilirubin-titer photo-therapy should be tried along with one or more blood-exchange transfusions. The formation of rhesus antibodies can be prevented by prophylaxis with immunoglobulin-G-anti-D. The principle of this method is the suppression of maternal immune-response by application of 250-300 mug anti-D to the rhesus-negative mother after the birth of a rhesus-positive child. PMID- 821838 TI - [Rhesus-erythroblastosis]. PMID- 821839 TI - Promoting effect of carbon tetrachloride on azo-dye hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. PMID- 821840 TI - Effect of iodine upon the TRH induced release of TSH in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid individuals. AB - The effects of prolonged administration of iodide upon the serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) and their response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 400 mug i.v.) have been studied in euthyroid (n = 9) subjects, and in hypothyroid (n = 4) patients. Administration of iodide (25 mg daily for two weeks) increased in healthy subjects the basal concentrations of TSH and the release of TSH in response to TRH (p less than 0.05-0.01). Serum concentrations of T4 and T3 were reduced (T4, 6.5 +/- 0.2 mug/100 ml to 5.9 +/- 0.3 mug/100 ml; T3, 159 +/- 8.3 ng/100 ml to 145 +/- 7.3 ng/100 ml) in parallel. Responses of T4 but not of T3 to TRH were also reduced after iodide. Two out of four hypothyroid patients also showed an increased response of TSH to TRH. Changes in serum T4 and T3 were due to their low basal concentration not measureable in this group. No response of TSH, T4 or T3 to TRH was observed in hyperthyroid patients either before or after iodide treatment (708 mg daily for one week), in spite of a fall in serum T4 (25%) and T3 (50%) upon iodide administration. These observations demonstrate that small changes in serum T4 and T3 are easily monitored by the thyrotrophs in the normal or in the hypothyroid range. Conversely a reduced sensitivity of the anterior pituitary upon the administration of TRH is found in hyperthyroid patients, since even large reductions in serum T4 and T3 do not facilitate an increased response of TSH to TRH in this group. PMID- 821841 TI - The effect of calcium on purified human adipose tissue "I" form glycogen synthetase: a possible mechanism of hormonal regulation. PMID- 821842 TI - Alkaline phosphatase of human and calf small intestine. Purification and immunochemical characterization. AB - Alkaline phosphatase from human and calf small intestines has been prepared and purified until homogeneous, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by means of the following techniques: n-butanol extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, acetone fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing in a sucrose density gradient. Three and two alkaline phosphatase froms from human and calf small intestines, respectively could be isolated by preparative isolectric focusing. The relative amounts of these components are not constant, but they have the same catalytic properties, suggesting that they may embody a common protein core with an identical active centre(s). Precipitating antisera for alkaline phosphatase from human and calf intestine have been prepard in rabbits by intramuscular, dermal, subcutaneous and intravenous administration of the pure major component of each enzyme species. Both antisera precipitate completely their homologous as well as their heterologous antigens (intestinal enzyme) and showed partial identity with placental alkaline phosphatase. There was no reaction with alkaline phosphatase from bone, liver heart, spleen, lung, stomach, pancreas, brain, bile-gall bladder and erythrocytes. Alkaline phosphatase preparation from human kidney contains a minor component of the intestinal type, beside many multiple forms which, on treatment with neuramindase, became identical in their electrophoretic and biochemical properties. At least eight multiple forms of the placental enzyme could be shown by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. On treatment with neuraminidase these forms became less charged and only four forms remained. All forms were immunologically identical using either anti placental-enzyme or anti intestinal AP serum. Monospecific antisera against human or calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase were obtained by absorption with purified placental enzyme. This monospecific anti intestinal-AP serum could be used for an immunological quantitative determination of the intestinal isoenzyme in sera or other liquids in the presence of other alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. PMID- 821844 TI - Seasonal rhythm in plasma testosterone levels in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): a three year study. PMID- 821843 TI - [Enzyme induction in Streptomyces hydrogenans, VI. Studies on the induction of 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, using immunological methods]. AB - Antiserum against crystallized 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Streptomyces hydrogenans was used for various immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation tests to show an increase of the de novo synthesis of 20beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by Streptomyces hydrogenans after cultivation of the cells in the presence of 11beta,21-dihydroxy-4,17(20)-pregnadien-3-one. Half lives of mRNA for 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in induced cells and of total mRNA in non-induced cells were calculated to be 126 s and 66 s, respectively. In vivo, 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase appears to consist of four equal subunits. The monomers, molecular weight of 27 300, show a high tendency to form dimers and tetramers in the absence of dissociating agents. The aggregation is completely reversible in the presence of increasing concentrations of sodium dodecylsulfate. PMID- 821845 TI - Implications of PSROs for long-term care. PMID- 821846 TI - Draft guidelines issued for long-term care review. PMID- 821847 TI - Hospital-based group practice provides accessible, less costly primary care. PMID- 821848 TI - Blood and serum protein groups of the dama of South-West Africa. AB - The phenotype and gene frequencies of the following polymorphisms are given for the blood samples taken from 448 adults of the South-West African Dama Negro tribe: ABO (with sub-groups), MN, Rh, K, Hp, Gc, Gm(1,2,b), InV(1). The frequencies are discussed in comparison with other African samples and a multivariate comparison between series from south-western Africa is conducted. The Dama prove to be relatively independent. PMID- 821849 TI - Zeta-protentials of intact cell monolayers determined by electro-osmosis. AB - By measuring the electro-osmotic flow velocity of buffer through a glass capillary, on the inner surface of which cells have been grown, the zota protential of these cells can be determined without the changes in zota potential, viability and morphology caused by the chemical, enzymatic or mechanical pretreatment hitherto necessary for cell dispersion in the microelectrophoretic method. Cells grown in a monolayer inside the capillaries were: BGM, HEP-2, and RPMI 1846 (the last one also could be grown in suspension). PMID- 821850 TI - Lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes from different animal species. PMID- 821851 TI - Isociatrate lyase in mycobacteria. PMID- 821852 TI - Lymphocyte plasma membranes--V. Immunoglobulins on isolated plasma membranes of the thymic and splenic lymphocytes of the rat. PMID- 821853 TI - A simple method for the classification and typing of monoclonal immunoglobulins. PMID- 821854 TI - Listeria cell wall fraction. Characterization of in vitro adjuvant activity. AB - We have previously described a crude cell wall fraction of Listeria monocytogenes (LCWF) which induces resistance to listeria infection in mice, is a murine B-cell mitogen and is an immunological adjuvant. Data reported here show that LCWF, which is effective over a wide dose range, exerts its adjuvant action on early events in the induction of an immune response. Moreover, LCWF stimulates nonadherent cells to respond to sheep red cells when adherent cells are severely depleted or absent, suggesting that LCWF can therefore act directly on lymphocytes present within the non-adherent population. PMID- 821856 TI - Fructification & antagonistic effect of myxobacteria on eubacteria: lytic effect & fruiting body formation of Myxococcus, Chondrococcus & Angiococcus spp. PMID- 821855 TI - Local anaesthetic action of some semisynthetic pyrrolizidine esters & their structure activity relationships. PMID- 821857 TI - [Peripheral parenteral feeding during the postoperative stage (preliminary report)]. AB - In various test series, the quantitative requirements for a parenteral basic nutrition of patients after moderately severe surgical trauma were investigated. The best results were achieved with a balanced infusion solution providing 1,800 kcal (greater than or equal to 7,540 kJ) and 75 g of amino acids (TPE 1800) per patient and day. A lower supply of amino acids and calories is obviously uneconomic. The solution was well tolerated also when it was infused via peripheral veins. PMID- 821859 TI - [Parenteral feeding at an interdisciplinary surgical intensive care unit (organization and practice)]. AB - This paper described the organisation and practical application of parenteral nutrition in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. The selection of intravenous fluids is discussed, with particular reference to amino acids. The techniques of assessing the i.v. fluid requirements and of balancing input and output are explained. A table of basic requirements is included. PMID- 821858 TI - [Usefulness of fat infusion within the frame of parenteral feeding]. AB - The interactions of fat and carbohydrate metabolism are surveyed. The posttraumatic metabolism is characterized by a stress induced high lipolytic rate and a high concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood. The increased fatty acid oxidation causes by effects of metabolites a catabolic situation with enhanced ketogenesis, gluconeogenesis and protein breakdown. High levels of fatty acids and ketone bodies reduce peripheral glucose utilization. In such a situation, infusions of fat emulsions are disadvantageous, since fatty acids, set free from the triglycerides, would aggravate the catabolic metabolism and change the nitrogen balance for the worse. In normal metabolic situations with high energy need, or in long term parenteral nutrition, fat infusions are necessary to meet the needs of energy and of essential fatty acids. Fat infusions shoudl be combined with carbohydrates and amino acids in an appropriate relation. PMID- 821860 TI - [Parenteral-peroral combined treatement of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis]. AB - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may cause excessive nutritional deficits as a consequence of inadequate intake, excessive losses, impaired absorption and increased metabolic requirements. This fact also influences the prognosis of medical and surgical treatment. Parenteral hyperalimentation or the combination of parenteral nutrition with a synthetic "space diet" lowers the risks of surgical treatment; other purposes are promoting positive nitrogen balances and weight gain as well as closure of enterocutaneous fistulas. PMID- 821861 TI - [Effect of amino acid infusions on fructose-induced chemical blood changes in intensive care patients]. AB - Influence of the infusion of amino acid solutions on metabolic changes caused by parenteral nutrition with fructose. In eleven unconscious polytraumatized patients of the intensive care station, intravenous infusions with fructose (0.5 g/kg bodyweight and hour) were performed. During the last 24 hours of the 72 hours infusion period, amino acid solutions (1.0 g/kg bodyweight and 24 hours) were given in addition to fructose. The investigations were initiated after an eight hour "starvation period" preinfusion. During this time only electrolytes were given. For comparison 48 hours intravenous infusions with fructose (0.5 g/kg B.W. and hour) were performed with six healthy volunteers. In both groups of subjects the intravenous fructose was metabolized very well, renal losses were less than 2% of the whole amount given. Considering the metabolic healthy volunteers, the blood glucose concentration remained unaltered despite the high dosage carbohydrate infusion. The patients of the intensive care station showed a slight increase of blood glucose values which were elevated already before infusion. Additionally, during fructose infusions, the increase in blood lactate concentration was more pronounced in the intensive care patients than in healthy volunteers. However, in contrast to the healthy volunteers, no increase in serum bilirubin concentration and only a slight increase in serum uric acid concentration was observed in the intensive care patients, despite the high-dose fructose infusion for 72 hours. Additionally, the fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia was of a minor degree in the intensive care patients. In volunteers the increase in triglyceride concentration was 200% in 48 hours, whereas only a 50% increase was observed in intensive care patients during 72 hours. The pronounced nitrogen sparing effect of fructose in healthy volunteers was not seen in the intensive care patients to the same degree. The most prominent side effect of the fructose infusions in intensive care patients was the strong decrease in serum phosphate concentration seen in some patients. The additional infusion of amino acid solutions lead to a further diminution of the slight alterations caused by fructose infusions. In conclusion, it can be stated that total parenteral nutrition with fructose and amino acid solutions is possible in intensive care patients without danger of side effects. However, it should be mnetioned that hyperalimentation can cause fatty liver. PMID- 821862 TI - [Tolerance of new dietary formulas]. AB - Recently, with pharmaceutical technology, special diets have been developed which may shorten the critical phase between parenteral nutrition and normal food. With special methods of production, it is possible to find compatible diets with acceptable flavour which are helpful in clinical and private practice. The present paper will report on the compatability of a new formula diet. 30 patients with different gastro-enterological diseases have been interrogated about the compatibility of a new formula diet which is available in vanilla, chocolate and coffee flavour. The new diet is compatible without any serious side effects. In no case a break off of treatment was necessary. PMID- 821863 TI - A simple mixing and infusion set for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 821864 TI - Toxicity, tissue distribution and excretion of 46ScCl3 and 46Sc-EDTA in mice. PMID- 821865 TI - Oncogenicity of K-region epoxides of benzo(A)pyrene and 7,12 dimethylbenz(A)anthracene. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a subcutaneous injection of the parent hydrocarbon or its K-region epoxide in 0.1 ml sesame oil on alternate days to a total of 30 doses and observed for sarcoma at the site of injection for 275 days. The parent compounds, benzo(a)pyrene (0.2 mumole/dose) and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (0.2 mumole/dose), induced sarcoma in 100% of the animals with an average latent period of 101 and 95 days, respectively, whereas five of 12 rats (42%) injected with the K-region epoxide of B(a)P (1.0 mumole/dose), developed sarcoma in 151+/-22 days, and the K-region epoxide of DMBA (0.4 mumole/dose) failed to elicit tumors. Under these experimental conditions, these K-region epoxides are, at best, only weak carcinogens. PMID- 821867 TI - Radiographic and clinical manifestations of the impacted mandibular third molar. AB - Observations were made on 200 impacted mandibular third molars that were removed from 200 unselected patients under local anesthesia. Sixty percent of the teeth were found to be in apparent relationship with the inferior dental canal: 19 % in true relationship and 41 % in superimposition. The vertical impacted molars were mainly found to be in true relationship with the inferior dental canal. On comparison of the clinical postoperative diagnosis with the radiographic preoperative findings an error of only 0.8 % was shown. Most of the molars showed fully developed roots in the third decade of life. Most of the teeth in this series were vertically impacted having mostly fully developed roots. There was a significant correlation between the patients suffering from pain, trismus, and swelling. Swelling and trismus were the mostly affected postoperative sequelae. PMID- 821866 TI - A household morbidity survey in rural Africa. AB - A household morbidity interview survey with 2,000 randomly selected households (14,729 people) in rural Ghana is reported for a two-week recall period; 20-8 percent of people reported some illness, injury or disability. This prevalence is lower than reported during surveys in Columbia, USA, Britain and Australia. Adults averaged 0-5 days lost from work, which results in an estimated annual work loss of 13-4 days. The reported illness varied markedly with age, with a peak in middle-aged adults and females in their reproductive years. The use of clinic services varied with age (they were sought particularly for pre-school children), type of condition, and accessibility. The use of drug sellers was surprisingly high, about half that of clinic attendance, and increased in those geographical areas where clinics were least accessible. PMID- 821868 TI - Relation between idiopathic glossodynia and salivary flow rate and content. AB - From a series of 50 patients complaining of sore tongue, 13 were found to be suffering from idiopathic glossodynia. All were women in the postmenopausal stage. The salivary flow rate, protein, phosphate, and electrolyte content (Na, K, Ca, Mg) were measured in unstimulated saliva of these patients. Protein, potassium and phosphate concentrations were significantly higher than in the control group. The results indicate that hormonal disbalance might be a factor in the etiology of this type of sore tongue. PMID- 821869 TI - "The sagittal aplitting technique" - a follow-up study. AB - In endeavoring to find a comprehensive method providing good treatment results in cases of mandibular prognathism, retrognathism and laterognathism, the sagittal splitting technique has been on trial in the Department of Oral Surgery in Boden since 1972. Experience gained from the first 12 operated cases is discussed from a clinical viewpoint. After a control period of 24-36 months, it was found that this method is to be preferred to that previously used in the Department, horizontal ramus osteotomy. PMID- 821870 TI - Application of xeroradiography in sialography. AB - Sialography was carried out in healthy volunteers and in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. A comparison was made between xeroradiography and conventional radiography. Superior images were obtained with xeroradiography and this technique also tended to reveal glandular structure which was obscured by overlying bone when using conventional radiography. In addition to this, there was considerably greater latitude in exposure and the skin dose of radiation using xeroradiography was slightly less. PMID- 821871 TI - Results of surgical exposure of impacted cuspids and bicuspids in relation to patients' somatic and dental maturation. AB - The aim of the study was to correlate the rate of postoperative eruption of impacted teeth after surgical exposure to the patient?S' SOMATIC AND DENTAL DEVELOPMENT. THIS RELATIONSHIP WAS ANALYZED IN 31 PATIENTW WITH IMPACTED CUSPIDS OR BICUSPIDS, 12 OF WHOM WERE OVER 25 AND 19 UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE. Surgical uncovering of the impacted teeth was carried out and the degree of subsequent eruption was evaluated 4 months after the operation. On uncovering the crown was exposed as far as the cementoenamel juction and the surrounding bone was covered with mucous membrane. Dental age and growth rate were used as variables describing individual somatic and dental maturation. After surgical uncovering eruption took place in all but one tooth. Eruption was quicker and more complete in children who were still growing than in young adults. The eruption process was also more favorable in dentitions still under formation than in cases with completed dental development. Early intervention and total surgical uncovering of the crown are advocated in cases of impacted teeth. PMID- 821872 TI - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor) case report. AB - A 36-year-old woman was examined and treated for a rare odontogenic tumor in the mandible, the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), also known as the Pindborg tumor. The tumor extended from the left mandibular molar region to the right premolar area and had almost completely destroyed the bone in the anterior mandibular region. An orthopantomogram showed a multiloculated radiolucent lesion, with an unerupted tooth in the center surrounded by a radiopaque area. In addition, finely granular calcification was visible here and there in the tumor area. In the histologic examination the tumor tissue could be identified as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Under electron microscopy the fibrillar structure at the basal cell level suggested the presence of amyloid. The tumor was removed by enucleation with a collar of surrounding tissue. No signs of recurrence have been noted at follow-up examinations. PMID- 821873 TI - Extraction of teeth with root preservation. AB - A method for covering single root-filled roots by mucosal flaps has been developed. The method has been used for patients attending the Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, for total extractions of teeth and full denture treatment. The operative method consists in covering a crown-resected, root-filled root by a combined buccal trapezoid flap and a bridge-shaped lingual flap. Twenty-seven operations were carried out on 17 patients, nine men and eight women 26-60 years old (mean 43 years). Results after a 2-month follow-up are presented. In the first 11 operations only a single buccal flap was used for covering the root. As only five of these operations healed uneventfully the method was modified into a combined buccallingual flap. This method was used in 16 cases with primary, uneventful healing in 15 cases. PMID- 821875 TI - Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis booliati Dissanaike and Poopalachelvam, 1975 from the moonrat, echinosorex gymnurus, in Malaysia. PMID- 821874 TI - Zinc as a co-factor for an enzyme involved in exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 821876 TI - Immunization of mice with irradiated Trypanosoma cruzi growth in cell culture: relation of numbers of parasites, immunizing injections, and route of immunization to resistance. PMID- 821877 TI - Delayed response capability after prefrontal ablation: a comparison of tasks and task circumstance. PMID- 821879 TI - [Side effects of sugars and sugar substitutes]. PMID- 821878 TI - Comparative study of the balance and metabolic effect of post-operatively infused carbohydrates. AB - If glucose, fructose, and xylitol are infused in the immediate post-operative period at rates necessary for parenteral nutrition, all three substrates produce specific undersired effects. These effects can be reduced significantly when the three substrates are infused in the form of a mixture. The composition and the rate of intake of such a mixed solution are of importance. PMID- 821880 TI - [Metabolic effects of a mixed carbohydrate solution with simultaneous infusion of amino acids]. PMID- 821881 TI - [Metabolism of sorbitol and xylitol in newborn and premature infants and the effect on blood sugar and lactates]. AB - The glucose blood level shows a clear increase in neonates and premature infants with continuous intravenous infusion of sorbitol and xylitol at graded intake rates ranging from 0.5 g - kg(-1) - h(-1) to 1.0 g - kg(-1) - h(-1) when they are administered over a period of 2 to 3 hours. With an intake of 0.5 g - kg(-1) - h( 1) for both polyols a steady state is established after 60 and 90 minutes, respectively. With intake rates of 0.75 g - kg(-1) - h(-1) the xylitol blood level shows a continous increase until the end of infusion, whereas after a 3 hour infusion of sorbitol a steady state is finally established, but with clearly elevated blood levels. The values of the total clearnace of the polyols show a decrease with increasing intake rates and thus indicate a more difficult turnover. Therefore, a, a maximal intake rate of 0.25 g - kg(-1) h-1 should not be surpassed for long-term intravenous nutrition of neonates. The lactate concentration shows a distinct increase with an intake of 1.0 g - kg(-1) - h(-1) sorbitol. A significant increase of blood glucose is also observed after rapid infusion of 0.5 g - kg(-1) and 1.0 g - kg(-1) xylitol, whereas similar doses of sorbitol lead to a considerable delay of the increase of glucose. After rapid infusion of 1.0 g - kg(-1), both polyols lead to a significant increase of the blood lactate concentration. Therefore and because of the delayed increase in blood glucose after sorbitol, the rapid infusion of the polyols must be avoided. From our findings of the metabolic rates of the polyols it can be suggested that the polyols in part can be used instead of glucose in parenteral nutrition also in the neonatal period. Further studies are necessary to prove if the polyols have clear-cut advantages over glucose in neonates. PMID- 821882 TI - Comparison of glucose, fructose and xylitol for parenteral alimentation in metabolically healthy men. PMID- 821883 TI - [Effect of carbohydrate infusions on the formation of calcium oxalate deposits in the kidney: postmortem morphological and biochemical findings in humans and in animal experiments]. AB - Histological and biochemical studies were carried out in a total of 300 patients who had died in the recovery room, and in rabbits, to investigate the frequency of deposits of calcium oxalte crystals in the kidneys, the influence of infusion therapy and the pathological significance of such deposits on the kidney tissue and on renal function. - Quite independent of any infusions, however, deposits of calcium oxalate crystals were found in the presence of kidney-specific diseases, in particular uraemia and anuric conditions. Xylitol infusions of 0.4 g/kg body weight or, in individual cases, of not more than 500 g total in 7 days, had no infllence on the appearance of calcium oxalate deposits. The blockage of the tubular system by the calcium oxalate deposits leads to a temporary reversible increase in serum urea and serum creatinine. With time, and uninfluenced by infusions, the deposits disappear out of the kidney again without having caused any organic renal damage. In the presence of a temporary excess of serum oxalate, the kidneys temporarily act like a cloaca. PMID- 821884 TI - [Crystal formation in tissues after infusions given as a part of intensive therapy]. AB - In a total of 45 deceased persons, 33 cases showed no intrarenal crystal deposition and in 12 cases morphological investigation revealed intrarenal crystal deposition of varying intensity. All patients with crystal deposition had received considerable quantities of xylitol infusions within a period of 10 days. The possible connection between infusion of xylitol-containing solutions and intrarenal crystal deposition is discussed in detail. PMID- 821885 TI - Metabolic investigations during xylitol infusion. AB - The excretion of urinary acidic metabolites by 10 patients undergoing gastric or biliary tract surgery has been studied. Five patients were infused with xylitol and 5 with glucose. Four of the xylitol-infused patients had hyperglycollic aciduria and 3 of the glucose-infused patients had hyperlactic aciduria. There was no hyperoxaluria. Four of the xylitol-infused patients excreted more tetronic acids than any of the glucose-infused patients. Threonic acid was the predominant tetronic acid excreted by most (4/5) of the xylitol-infused subjects. Erythronic acid predominated in the glucose-infused as in control ambulant non-hospitalised subjects. It is suggested that these changes point to overloading of the transketolase pathway during xylitol infusion. PMID- 821886 TI - Quantitative aspects of the metabolism of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol. AB - There is no formula to calculate practicable application rates for carbohydrates and polyols. Maximum turnover rates, elimination constants, half-life, and total clearances are rough criteria only to marke out a possible range. Suitable and safe infusion rates have to be established empirically for each substance, considering carefully desired and undesired effects. Recommendations for safe infusion rates are the safer, the most parameters have been considered. Present knowledge is compiled in Table 2. PMID- 821887 TI - [Oxalate formation by polytraumatized patients after parenteral nutrition with amino acids and xylitol]. PMID- 821888 TI - [Glucose and glucose substitutes in postoperative infusion therapy]. AB - Findings are referred which resulted from two series of investigations with carbohydrate infusions in the post-operative phase, further in one series concerning gravida during delivery and in two other series concerning polytraumatised patients in intensive care. Independent of the question whether glucose or non-glucose-carbohydrates should be preferred, we were able to demonstrate that every mono-therapy with carbohydrates is less sufficient than a combination of these substrates. PMID- 821889 TI - The use of fructose and glucose in total parenteral nutrition as an energy source. PMID- 821890 TI - Postoperative tolerance to glucose and sugar substitutes. AB - In 51 surgical intensive-care patients, who were given 400 to 650 g glucose per day i.v., 18% of arterial blood sugar values were found to be above 250 mg/100 m1 in spite of frequent insulin administration. In 8 lobectomized patients increased plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone were observed which may in part explain postoperative glucose intolerance. In addition previous carbohydrate deprivation was found to impair glucose tolerance. Several measures are suggested to reduce the incidence of hyperglycemia during i.v. glucose feeding. In a further study 24 cholecystectomized or vagotomized patients received in alternate sequence either a combination of glucose (G), fructose (F) and xylitol (X), the G/F/X-ratio being 1/2/1, or glucose alone for 5 days. The infusion rate was 1.42 g carbohydrate/kg/24 hrs. On operation day and was increased by the same amount every day up to 7.14 g/kg/24 hrs. Tolerance was good in both groups but urinary losses of infused substrates were higher in the group receiving the GFX-combination. It is concluded that after surgery of intermediate magnitude the GFX-combination offers no advantage over glucose alone. However, in severely ill patients, where glucose intolerance is more pronounced, further carefully monitored studies with sugar substitutes appear of interest. PMID- 821891 TI - [Total clearance of glucose alone or glucose in mixed carbohydrate solutions after continuous intravenous infusion]. PMID- 821892 TI - The metabolic complications of intravenous nutrition. PMID- 821893 TI - Hormonal interactions in carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Insulin is the key hormone of carbohydrate metabolism, it also influences the metabolism of fat and proteins. It lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates the synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein. The anabolic action of insulin is antagonized by the catabolic action of glucagon. This hormone stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The molar insulin: glucagon ratio is a parameter for an anabolic or a catabolic situation. Epinephrine also antagonizes insulin action. Like glucagon it stimulates glycogenolysis. In addition it reduces the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and inhibits the release of insulin. Growth hormone decreases glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue gluconeogenesis in liver. In the presence of insulin, growth hormone stimulates protein synthesis. The net metabolic effects of a single hormone are directly related to the activity of other synergistic or antagonistic hormones. PMID- 821895 TI - Effect of hyperosmotic agents on the ciliary epithelium and trabecular meshwork. AB - Hyperosmotic agents (2 M urea or 2 M DL-lactamide), perfused into the internal carotid artery of Rhesus monkeys, produced a marked decrease in intraocular pressure and an increase in aqueous humor protein. Fenestrae of the ciliary capillaries were broken immediately following the perfusion and the nonpigmented epithelium was separated from the pigmented epithelium. The pigmented epithelium especially of the pars plana then became degenerative. As intraocular pressure began to rise slowly, three to seven days after perfusion, the nonpigmented epithelium recovered to an almost normal structure, but the pigmented epithelium did not regenerate. The surviving cells in the pars plicata formed the original apico-apical junctions. The number of vacuoles in the endothelium of Schlemm's canal decreased while the intraocular pressure was low and increased gradually with the recovery of the intraocular pressure. PMID- 821894 TI - Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, virus production, plasminogen activator, and melanogenesis of mouse melanoma cells. PMID- 821896 TI - Studies on beta-crystallin from primate lens. AB - The major beta-crystallin fractions from the human lens and the lenses of other selected primates have been isolated and partially characterized. Primate beta crystallins, like those of most other mammals, consist of two heterogenous protein fractions (betaH and beta L) of quite different molecular size. Most of the polypeptide chains comprising the betaH and beta L heteropolymers are common to both fractions. Evidence is presented suggesting that primate betaH-crystallin may be smaller than betaH from other vertebrate species. Additionally, human betaH is found to contain a major component on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis which is much larger (about 60,000 daltons) than other beta crystallin polypeptides. Immunochemical evidence inidcates that some components of primate beta-crystallin have evolved rapidly, although at least one antigenic component is very conservative and gives a reaction of identity with all other vertebrate beta-crystallins studied. PMID- 821897 TI - Cerebral microvascular injury in experimental drug abuse. AB - An experimental drug abuse research project is reported, in which monkeys and rats were placed on various I.V. amphetamine (Desoxyn) and I.V. barbiturate (Seconal) regimes. The monkeys were studied by serial cerebral angiography. At the end of the study all animals were sacrificed for histological examination. I.V. methamphetamine produced relatively severe cerebral vascular injury and brain damage in most animals. At least part of the damage seemed to be the result of direct vascular injury, arterial and venous. The misuse of Seconal and Ritalin also appeared to be hazardous, but these studies are incomplete, and the degree of hazard has not been fully evaluated. PMID- 821898 TI - Pyelonephritis. XIX. Immunization against enterococcal pyelonephritis. AB - A study has been done of immunization against Streptococcus faecalis pyelonephritis in the rat. Intravenous, subcutaneous, and bladder immunizations were tested with intravenous and retrograde challenge. Logarithmic and stationary growth phase organisms were used separately for both immunization and challenge. The only instance of significant, but incomplete, protection was in animals immunized subcutaneously or intravenously and challenged intravenously with log phase organisms. No correlation was found between circulating antibody response and infection. Serum bactericidal activity was not increased by immunization or infection. PMID- 821899 TI - A shielding maze at a neutron radiotherapy facility. PMID- 821900 TI - Monoamines in the C cells of the thyroid gland of callithricid primates. AB - The thyroid gland of three species of marmosets were studied with the Falck and Hillarp fluroescence technique for monoamines. Two types of fluorescent C cells were observed. The predominant type displayed the greenish (or blue) fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines. The other type displayed a yellowish fluorescence most probably due to 5-HT. The presence of monoamines in C cells now reported for the first time in Primates offers an interesting possibility for studying their presumed role in calcitonin secretion. PMID- 821901 TI - Editorial: Treatment implications of the lessened sensitivity of the gonococcus to penicillin. PMID- 821902 TI - Oral carbenicillin treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in men and women. AB - In a prospective controlled study of 290 men and women with uncomplicated gonorrhea, carbenicillin was shown to be less than 90% effective. Positive cultures were the basis for initial diagnosis and therapeutic failure in both sexes. Carbenicillin was evaluated in three different schedules: 5gm p.o., 10 gm p.o, and 2gm IM Plus 5GM p.o. The three schedules were equally effective. Eleven of 20 failures in women occurred in infection of the rectum. MICs of carbenicillin ranged from 0.025% to 1.0 mug/ml with a mean of 0.29 mug/ml. PMID- 821903 TI - The Papanicolaou smear as a technique for gonorrhea detection: A feasibility study. PMID- 821904 TI - Gentamicin resistance in clinical-isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with diminished gentamicin accumulation and no detectable enzymatic modification. AB - Three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin obtained as representative gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates from the University of Alberta Hospital (UAH) in Edmonton, Canada were characterized to determine their mechanism of resistance. All strains showed wide aminoglycoside resistance (tobramycin, sisomicin, amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin, SCH 20569) but contained no evidence of gentamicin-acetylating, adenylating or phosphorylating activity. Gentamicin inhibited amino-acid incorporation in cell-free systems equally well with either ribosomes or soluble cell fractions obtained from either resistant or sensitive strains. Plasmid DNA was detected in two strains but resistance could not be transferred by conjugation to either P. aeruginosa or Escherichia coli recipients. The resistant strains showed a marked reduction in energy-dependent accumulation of gentamicin compared to a sensitive strain. These strains which are common at UAH are most likely resistant due to a failure of gentamicin to be transported across the cytoplasmic membrane to ribosomal sites until relatively high external gentamicin concentrations. PMID- 821905 TI - Antibiotic glycosides. VII 10,11-dihydropicromycin: another metabolite of Streptomyces venezuelae. PMID- 821906 TI - Evaluation of a new design of bottle closure for non-injectable water. PMID- 821907 TI - Antibiotic residues and their recovery from animal tissues. PMID- 821908 TI - The aerobic flora of the perivaginal area: its relation to contraception and deodorant sprays. PMID- 821909 TI - Ultrasonication-an enrichment technique for microcyst-forming bacteria. PMID- 821910 TI - An indirect radiolabelled antibody staining technique for the rapid detection and identification of bacteria. PMID- 821911 TI - Antibiotic therapy and cystic fibrosis: increased resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin. PMID- 821912 TI - A rapid micromethod for the determination of the sensitivity to antibiotics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 821913 TI - Two rigor states in skinned crayfish single muscle fibers. AB - We studied the tension and stiffness of crayfish skinned single muscle fibers during and after the induction of rigor by removal of MgATP (substrate). We found that the rigor state is not unique but depends on the condition of the muscle before rigor. Fibers induced into rigor with a minimum of activation (low rigor) develop a small tension and moderate stiffness, while those entering rigor during maximum activation (high rigor) maintain near peak tension (80%) and develop a high stiffness. These rigor states are insensitive to Ca addition or deletion but they are partially interconvertible by length change. Stiffness changes when the rigor muscle length is varied, a condition in which the number of attached cross rigor muscle length is varied, a condition in which the number of attached cross bridges cannot change, and high-rigor muscle becomes less stiff than low-rigor muscle when the former is brought to the same tension by length release. The sensitivity of low, high, or length-released high-rigor muscles to trace substrate concentration (less than muM) differs, and rigor at lower strain is more suscepitible to substrate. PMID- 821914 TI - Time-lapse photography of Bacillus subtilis L-forms replicating in liquid medium. AB - Phase-contrast observations indicate that an L-form of Bacillus subtilis divides in liquid medium by a "budding-like" mechanism without participation of "large bodies" or "elementary bodies." PMID- 821915 TI - Outgrowth of Bacillus megaterium spores in the presence of nitrate and ammonium ions. AB - Nitrate or ammonium ions, but not nitrite ion, supplied the nitrogen required for outgrowth of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores through the first cell division. This outgrowth was markedly favored by K(+). PMID- 821916 TI - Effects of 4-[beta-(diethylamino)-ethoxy]-benzophenone upon carotenogenesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Carotenoid production was determined in illuminated anaerobically maintained cultures of Rhodospirillum rubrum in media with and without 4-[beta (diethylamino)-ethoxy]-benzophenone. In treated cultures, lycopene--which normally is not produced by R. rubrum--accumulated as the predominant pigment, and total carotenoids increased five- to sixfold. PMID- 821918 TI - Characterization of the N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - The N-acetylmuramic acid L-alanine amidase from Bacillus subtilis W-23 has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme is a monomer of molecular weight 51,000, which binds extremely tightly to homologous cell walls but not to heterologous cell walls, even of the closely related strain B. subtilis ATCC 6051. This difference in binding is only in part due to differences in teichoic acid between these two strains and to a large extent appears to represent differences in the arrangement of the peptidoglycan. A comparison of the amidase from B. subtilis W-23 and the enzyme previously purified from B. subtilis ATCC 6051 (Herbold and Glaser, 1975) shows that the two proteins, which cleave the same bond and are of the same size, do not cross-react immunologically and that the two enzymes are, therefore, not closely related in structure. PMID- 821917 TI - Bacillus subtilis mutant temperature sensitive in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid. AB - A Bacillus subtilis temperature-sensitive mutant (PB1653) has been isolated in which the rate of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis sharply decreases after shift to 45 degrees C. Both stable and unstable RNAs are affected by the mutation. The possibility that the block of transcription at high temperature could be due to a "stringent" effect, mediated by an increase in the concentration of "magic spot" nucleotides, has been ruled out. Treatment with chloramphenicol (or streptomycin) rapidly restores the rate of RNA synthesis at 45 degrees C. The synthesis of RNA in the mutant during the early phases of spore germination is not temperature sensitive. The phage-specific transcription during infection with SPP1 phage, at high temperature, is less affected than that of the bacterial chromosome. In vitro experiments indicate that, in the mutant at high temperature, RNA polymerase undergoes a change in template specificity. The rna-53 mutation has been located on the B. subtilis genetic map near the hisA locus. PMID- 821919 TI - Bacillus pumilus plasmid pPL10: properties and insertion into Bacillus subtilis 168 by transformation. AB - Bacillus pumilus ATCC 12140 harbors 10 or more copies per chromosome of each two small plasmids. Variants of this strain were isolated which were sensitive to a killing activity produced by the plasmid-containing parent. Each of 24 such sensitive (S) variants tested lacked detectable levels of supercoiled deoxyribonucleic acid. Transduction of S variants to the Kill+ phenotype was performed using phage PBP1 propagated on a mutant of ATCC 12140, designated strain L10, that remained Kill+ but retained only a single plasmid species (plasmid pPL10; molecular weight, approximately 4.4 X 10(6), approximately 20 copies per chromosome; RHO = 1.698). Resulting Kill+ transductants of S variants contained a single plasmid species having a size and copy number comparable to that of pPL10. Transfer of pPL10 from strain L10 TO B. pumilus strain NRS 576 was accomplished by transduction with selection for the Kill+ phenotype. Strain NRS 576 naturally harbors about two copies per chromosome of a 28-million-dalton plasmid, pPL576. In Kill + transductants of NRS 576, plasmids pPL10 and pPL576 stably coexisted at a ratio of about 11 molecules of pPL10 to 1 molecule of pPL576. Therefore, pPL576 and pPL10 are compatible plasmids. B. subtilis 168 is naturally resistant to pPl10- determined killing activity. Plasmid pPl10 was therefore inserted into B-subtilis 168 by transformation, using an indirect selection procedure and a spoB mutant as recipient. The plasmid is stably maintained at an estimated 10 copies per chromosome in the spore- recipient and in spore+ transformants. pPL10 is sensitive to cleavage by the endonucleases Hind III and EcoR1. PMID- 821920 TI - Low-frequency, pbsi-mediated plasmid transduction in Bacillus pumilus. AB - Three bacteriophages were tested for ability to transduce the plasmid of pPL10 between W mutant derivatives of Bacillus pumilus NRS 576. Phage PBP1- and PMB1 generated plasmid transductants occurred at about 10% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. Phage PBS1-generated plasmid transductants occurred at less than 0.1% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. Possible reasons for the extremely reduced capacity of PBS1 to generate plasmid transductants are discussed. PMID- 821921 TI - Phospholipid composition and phospholipase A activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Exponential-phase cells of Neisseria gonorrhaeae 2686 were examined for phospholipid composition and for membrane-associated phospholipase A activity. When cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed, and lyophilized before extraction, approximately 74% of the total phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine, 18% was phosphatidylglycerol, 2% was cardiolipin, and 10% was lysophosphatidylethanolamine. However, when cells still suspended in growth medium were extracted, the amount of lysophosphatidylethanolamine decreased to approximately 1% of the phospholipid composition. This suggests that a gonococcal phospholipase A may be activated by conditions encountered during centrifugation and/or lyophilization of cells preceding extraction. Phospholipase A activity associated with cell membranes was assayed by measuring the conversion of tritiated phosphatidylethanolamine to lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Optimal activity was demonstrated in 10% methanol at pH 8.0 to 8.5, in the presence of calcium ions. The activity was both detergent sensitive and thermolabile. Comparisons of gonococcal colony types 1 and 4 showed no significant differences between the two types with respect to either phospholipid content or phospholipase A activity. PMID- 821922 TI - Ethanol sensitivity of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: a new tool for the analysis of the sporulation process. AB - The growth rate of Bacillus subtilis is lowered but the final cell yield is unchanged when certain concentrations of ethanol are present in the culture medium. At the concentration allowing growth at half-maximal rate, practically no spores are formed. Blockage of spore formation generally occurs at stage 0-I. Sensitivity to ethanol of the capacity to form spores is limited, in a nonsynchronized culture, to a period of at most 45 min around t1. Postexponential events such as excretion of certain enzymes and modification of ribonucleic acid polymerase are altered or suppressed in the presence of ethanol, possibly as the results of a physical change upon the cell membrane. In effect, ethanol is turning wild-type cells into phenocopies of spoO mutants. PMID- 821923 TI - Cell wall assembly in Bacillus subtilis: development of bacteriophage-binding properties as a result of the pulsed incorporation of teichoic acid. AB - Addition of a pulse of excess phosphate to a phosphate-limited culture of Bacillus subtilis W23 resulted in the synthesis and incorporation of wall material that contained teichoic acid. Consequently, the bacteria regained the ability to bind phage SP50 although maximum phage-binding properties did not develop until approximately half a generation time after incorporation of teichoic acid had ceased. The present findings strongly support our earlier suggestion that newly synthesized receptor material is incorporated at the inner surface of the wall and becomes exposed at the outer surface only during subsequent growth. PMID- 821924 TI - Metabolism of 5-hydroxylysine in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - Hydroxylysine is metabolized via two routes by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain as shown by the oxidation of selected intermediates. Hydroxy-L-lysine is oxidized via a pathway analogous to the monooxygenase pathway for L-lysine, and data suggest that at least some of tthe enzymes are those involved in the metabolism of L-lysine. Hydroxy-L-lysine is also converted by a racemase to allohydroxy-D lysine, which is then degraded via a pathway analogous to, but different from, that described for D-lysine, involving hydroxy-L-pipecolate, 2-amino-5 hydroxyadipate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Data obtained with mutants unable to oxidize L-pipecolate suggest that the enzymes for the metabolism of hydroxy-L pipecolate are distinct from those for L-pipecolate. Studies on D- and L-lysine degradation have shown that the previously described pathways for these compounds are present in this soil pseudomonad. PMID- 821926 TI - Ferric hydroxamate transport without subsequent iron utilization in Bacillus megaterium. AB - Iron transport and utilization were examined in Bacillus megaterium Ard1, a mutant that is resistant to the hydroxymate antibiotic A22765 and whose growth is inhibited by the structurally similar hydroxamate Desferal. Rapid, low-level uptake of Desferal-50Fe was observed; such uptake was temperature and energy independent. Gel filtration chromatography of the cytoplasmic fraction of protoplasts labeled with Desferal-55Fe for 30 to 120 s demonstrated only unchanged esferal-55Fe in the cytoplasm. Although B. megaterium Ard1 showed transport of Desferal-59Fe by a process that resembles facilitated diffusion, this organism was unable to transfer iron from this chelate to cellular macromolecules for metabolic use. High-level transport of the ferric hydroxamate schizokinen-59Fe by B. megaterium Ard1 was both temperature and energy dependent. Within 30 s, protoplasts labeled with schizokinen-55Fe contained iron associated with certain macromolecules and in an apparent "pool" of schizokinen-55Fe in the cytoplasmic fraction. Prior transport of Dseferal-55Fe by protoplasts of strain Ard1 did not interfere with subsequent transport and utilization of schizokinen 59Fe. These studies suggest that transport of ferric hydroxamates may occur by a facilitated diffusion-type process; transfer of iron to cellular macromolecules may drive high-level transport of the chelate and may be the step at which energy is required in the iron transport-assimilation process. PMID- 821925 TI - Recombination between plasmids of incompatibility groups P-1 and P-2. AB - R plasmids of incompatibility group P-2 are readily transmissible between Pseudomonas strains, but not to Escherichia coli or other enterobacteria, whereas those of group P-1 have a broad host range. Pseudomonas aeruginosa donor strains carrying both a P-1 plasmid (RP1, RP4, or R751) and a P-2 plasmid (pMG1, pMG2, pMG5, or RPL11) were mated with E. coli K-12, and selection was imposed for resistance markers on the P-2 plasmids. Transconjugants were obtained at a low frequency, in which P-2 markers were expressed and were serially transmissible in E. coli together with P-1 markers. These plasmids had P-1 incompatibility properties, conferred susceptibility to phages active on P-1 carrying strains, and behaved on sucrose gradient centrifugation as unimolecular species of higher molecular weights than the P-1 parent. Recombinant plasmid formation was independent of a functional Rec gene in both donor and recipient and, with R751, had a preferred site leading to loss of trimethoprim resistance. Interaction between insertion sequences may be involved. Thus, plasmids of group P-2 can recombine with R factors of another group quite separate in compatibility properties, host range, and pilus type. Formation of such recombinants provides one pathway by which the genetic diversity of plasmids may have evolved. PMID- 821927 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of whole cells of Streptococcus faecalis from thin sections of cells. AB - A new ultrastructural technique has been developed to study the geometry of cell wall assembly in Streptococcus faecalis, which is believed to occur between pairs of raised bands located on the organism's surface. Three-dimensional reconstructions of these new regions of envelope growth are produced from the mathematical rotation (around a central axis) of various measurements taken from central, longitudinal thin sections of cells. These reconstructions can be used to calculate the surface area and volume of the septal and peripheral walls that were supposedly present in any given cell before sectioning. In an accompanying paper, it is shown how such surface and volume estimations, coupled with other measurements of length, thickness, and curvature, can be used to characterize a cycle of envelope growth in this organism. The validity of the assumptions used to reconstruct cells by rotation and the possible sources of error in using this technique are discussed. PMID- 821928 TI - Study of cycle of cell wall assembly in Streptococcus faecalis by three dimensional reconstructions of thin sections of cells. AB - A new ultrastructural method was used to study rounds of envelope synthesis that occur in Streptococcus faecalis in "growth zones" found between pairs of naturally occurring surface markers. The technique consists of producing three dimensional reconstructions of these growth zones from the mathematical rotation, about a central axis, of measurements taken from central, longitudinal thin sections of cells. A cycle of exponential-phase envelope growth was then simulated by arranging a series of these reconstructions in increasing order of the amount of peripheral wall surface area or the amount of cell volume that each was calculated to contain. Using this simulated cycle of growth, the geometry of a single growth zone during a round of synthesis was studied. Based on this analysis, a model was developed for the assembly of the cell wall of S. faecalis. The model states that new cell wall surface is synthesized by the regulated flow of essentially two channels of cell wall precursors into a single growth zone. One channel of precursors would be involved in the assembly of a bilayered cross wall that would proceed at a fairly constant rate until the cross wall closes. The second channel of precursors would be involved in the separation of the bilayered cross wall into two segments of peripheral wall. These precursors would intercalate into and thicken the separating layers of the cross wall. The flow of precursors through this channel would be progressively reduced through a cycle. These decreases, when coupled with internal hydrostatic pressure, apparently would result in the enlarging peripheral wall becoming increasingly more curved and would also promote cell division by reducing the total amount of cell wall that must be assembled in order for septation to occur. PMID- 821929 TI - Autolytic enzyme-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 have been isolated that are at least 90 to 95% deficient in the autolytic enzymes N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. These mutants grow at normal rates as very long chains of unseparated cells. The length of the chains is directly related to the growth rates. They are nonmotile and have no flagella, but otherwise appear to have normal cell morphology. Their walls are fully sysceptible to enzymes formed by the wild type and have the same chemical composition as the latter. Cell wall preparations from the mutants lyse at about 10% of the rate of those from the isogenic wild type, with the correspondingly small liberation of both the amino groups of alanine at pH 8.0 and of reducing groups at pH 5.6. Likewise, Microcococcus luteus walls at pH 5.6 and B. subtilis walls at pH 8 are lysed only very slowly by LiCl extracts made from the mutants as compared with rates obtained with wild-type extracts. Thus, the activity of both autolytic enzymes in the mutants is depressed. The frequencies of transformation, the isolation of revertants, and observations with a temperature-sensitive mutant all point to the likelihood that the pleiotropic, phenotypic properties of the strains are due to a single mutation. The mutants did not produce more protease or amylase than did the wild type. They sporulate and the spores germinate normally. The addition of antibiotics to exponentially growing cultures prevents wall synthesis but leads to less lysis than is obtained with the wild type. The bacteriophage PBSX can be induced in the mutants by treatment with mitomycin C. PMID- 821930 TI - Ultrastructural studies of sporulation in Streptomyces. AB - This is the first study of sporogenesis in Streptomyces carried out on a relatively high number of species (seven) which allows us, using also previously published results, to establish a general picture of this process. In the sporogenesis of Streptomyces two basic stages can be considered: the sporulation septum synthesis and the arthrospore maturation. Our ultrastructural study of the sporulation septum formation suggests the existance within this genus of three basic types. Type I is distinguished because the septum is formed from the beginning by two separate cross walls. Within this type we include Streptomyces erythraeus, Streptomyces albus, and Streptomyces aureofaciens and also include Streptomyces venezuelae, Streptomyces griseus, and Streptomyces osteogriseus. Type II is distinguished because there is a deposit of material previous to the synthesis of the double annulus which completes the septum. This type can be divided into two subtypes. In the first the deposits are wedge-shaped and the double annulus is clearly visible, and to this group belong Streptomyces flaveolus, Streptomyces ambofaciens, and Streptomyces coelicolor. In the second the deposits, which have a different shape and are very well developed, constitute almost entirely the sporulation septum in which the double annulus is barely visible; Streptomyces antibioticus and also Streptomyces viridochromogenes belong to this group. Type III, represented by Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is distinguished because the septum is formed by a single cross wall. PMID- 821931 TI - Organization of the nucleoplasm in Escherichia coli visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, freeze fracturing, and thin sectioning. AB - The organization of the nucleoplasm in Escherichia coli was studied by comparing the results obtained by freeze fracturing and thin sectioning. In addition to exponentially growing cells, we used chloramphenicol-treated cells which show a well-defined nucleoplasm, in the phase-contrast light microscope and can therefore function as a control for treatments necessary for electron microscopy. Two factors were found to determine the visibility of the nucleoplasm in freeze fractures: first, the state of lateral aggregation of deoxyribonucleic and fibrils, which is enhanced by postfixation with OsO4 according to the Ryter Kellenberger technique; second, the presence of ice crystals. When their formation is prevented by the use of high concentration of freeze-protecting agents, the nucleoplasm appears as a smooth region in cells that have been prefixed. In unfixed cells, however, the freeze-protecting agent causes disappearance of the nucleoplasm by rearrangement of structures within the cell. This observation makes it hard to determine whether the deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo dispersed, as found after glutaraldehyde prefixation, or compact, as after OsO4 prefixation. PMID- 821932 TI - Autolytic formation of protoplasts (autoplasts) of Streptococcus faecalis; location of active and latent autolysin. AB - Over 80% of the active and porteinase-activatable, latent forms of the autolytic N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were released to the supernatant buffer during the autolytic formation of protoplasts (autoplasts) in the presence of absence of trypsin. Autolysin activity was not found in association with released mesosomal vesicles and had little affinity for binding to membranes or to the outer surface of the wall. Isolated walls were able to bind over four times as much autolysin activity as that present on wall exponential-phase cells. Using a rapid technique for wall isolation, evidence was obtained that the latent form (as well as the active form) was wall bound in intact cells. In addition, isotope labeling and ultrastructural studies were able to show that latent autolysin was concentrated in the newer, septally associated portion of the wall. PMID- 821933 TI - Uptake and retention of metals by cell walls of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Isolated walls of Bacillus subtilis Marburg, prepared in a manner which avoided metal contamination other than by the growth medium, were incubated in dilute metal solutions, separated by membrane filtration (0.22 mum), and monitored by atomic absorption to give uptake data for 18 metals. Substantial amounts of Mg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Na+, and K+ (amounts which were often visible as Au3+, and Ni2+ (the higher atomic-numbered elements also visible as electron scattering), and small amounts of Hg2+, Sr2+, Pb2+, and Ag+ were taken into the wall. Some (Li+, Ba2+, Co2+, and Al3+) were not absorbed. Most metals which had atomic numbers greater than 11 and which could be detected by electron microscopy appeared to diffusely stain thin sections of the wall. Magnesium, on the other hand, partitioned into the central region, and these sections of walls resisted ruthenium red staining, which was not true for the other metals. Areas of the walls also acted as nucleation sites for the growth of microscopic elemental gold crystals when incubated in solutions of auric chloride. Retention or displacement of the metals was estimated by a "chromatographic" method using the walls cross-linked by the carbodiimide reaction to adipic hydrazide agarose beads (which did not take up metal but reduced the metal binding capacity of the walls by ca. 1%) packed in a column. When a series of 12 metal solutions was passed through the column, it became evident that Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ were strongly bound to the walls and could be detected by both atomic absorption and by their electron-scattering power in thin sections, qhereas the other metals were fisplaced or replaced. Partial lysozyme digestion of the walls (causing a 28% loss of a [3H]diaminopimelic acid label) greatly diminished the Mg2+ retention but not that of Ca2+, Fe3+, or Ni2+, indicating that there are select sites for various cations. PMID- 821934 TI - Organization of mesosomes in fixed and unfixed cells. AB - After the addition of glutaraldehyde (GA) to cells incubated at 3 or 37 degrees C, mesosomes were observed with increasing frequencies in freeze fractures of cells. These increases were related to the kinetics with which GA cross-linked adjacent amino acids. Upon the addition of GA, mesosomes were first observed in the periphery of freeze-fractured cells usually attached to septal membranes. However, the time, while the septal attachment sites were maintained, the "bodies" of the mesosomes were observed to move toward the center of the cytoplasm. This centralization process was much more rapid at 37 than at 3 degrees C. It is hypothesized that upon fixation, or receipt of some physical insult, mesosome precursors found in undisturbed cells undergo a change in state that results in their visibility in freeze fractures. PMID- 821935 TI - Simple agarose gel electrophoretic method for the identification and characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Agarose gel electrophoresis may be employed effectively for the detection and preliminary characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) present in clinical isolates and laboratory strains of gram-negative microorganisms. The method is sensitive and does not require radioisotopes or ultracentrifugation. The estimation of plasmid mass from the extent of DNA migration in gels compares favorably with results obtained by electron microscopy of plasmid DNA purified by equilibrium density centrifugation. The method has proved to be a useful tool for survey work and the epidemiological investigation of plasmid dissemination, as well as an important adjunct to the genetic analysis of plasmids. PMID- 821936 TI - Evidence for extrachromosomal elements in Lactobacillus. AB - Three strains of lactobacilli, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei 64H, L. casei subsp. rhamnosus OC91, and L. coryniformis M34, were examined for the presence of plasmids. Plasmids of molecular weights of 23 x 10(6) and 16 x 10(6) were found in the first two strains respectively. This represents the first evidence for plasmids in lactobacilli; their function is not presently known. PMID- 821937 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Nine temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 49191 were isolated. They were proven to be different from each other by results of transformation experiments. None of the Ts mutations appeared to be linked to antibiotic resistance genes from strain 24392. However, Ts-9 demonstrated 8% linkage with a nalidixic acid resistance marker from strain RW-2. PMID- 821938 TI - Effect of lipoteichoic acid and lipids on lysis of intact cells of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Autolysis of intact cells of Streptococcus faecalis was inhibited to a greater extent by phospholipids than by lipoteichoic acid, suggesting a possible difference in the accessibility of native autolysin to these substances. PMID- 821939 TI - Mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S that synthesizes type Id beta-lactamase constitutively. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S that constitutively synthesizes type Id beta-lactamase was isolated and some of its properties were elucidated. PMID- 821940 TI - Alkaline proteinase E of Streptomyces griseus K-1. AB - A fifth and new DFP-sensitive alkaline proteinase E, with strong esterase activity toward Ac-(Ala)3-OMe was found in pronase, a protease mixture from St. griseus K-1. Proteinase E was shown to be different from the elastase [EC 3.4.21.11]-like enzyme or subtilisin [EC 3.4.21.14]like enzyme, and alkaline proteinase A, B, and C in pronase. Proteinase E was purified to a state appearing homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated as 26,600 by gel filtration. It was unstable below pH 5.6. Studies on its actions on acyl-amino acid esters showed that it hydrolyzed the ester bonds of esters of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, and alanine in decreasing order of ease. PMID- 821941 TI - Chemical and hemolytic properties of sphingolipids modified by ozonolysis and reduction. AB - Various sphingolipids were chemically modified in their sphingosine base by ozonolysis and reduction. The derivatives obtained from Forssman globoside, globoside I, galactosyl ceramide, and sphingomyelin were purified and all were found to be hemolytic. The presence of cholesterol could inhibit this activity. The simultaneous cleavage at a double bond in the fatty acid as well as in the sphingosine of Forssman globoside resulted in the formation of a more polar compound with no detectable hemolytic activity. The haptenic reactivity was retained after ozonolysis and reduction of Forssman globoside, as shown by precipitin line formation in agar gel with appropriate antibodies. The results indicate that this modification procedure may be useful in studies of the physiological and immunological properties of sphingolipids. PMID- 821942 TI - Synthesis of apoferritin in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Characterization of 20 S particles. AB - Apoferritin particles were found in mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro. They were found as 20S particles in the "ribosomal fraction" of macrophages labeled with L-[14C]glutamic acid. Possibilities that they were breakdown products of ribosomes or of other well-known contaminants of the ribosomal fraction were excluded because they did not incorporate [5-3H]uridine. They were resistant to RNase and were relatively resistant to detergent. The antibody against horse spleen apoferritin precipitated about 70% of the particles in the 20S region, judging by measurement of radioactivity. On in vitro incubation with Fe2+ and suitable oxidizing agents the sedimentation coefficient of 80% of the 20S particles changed to about 60S, which corresponds to that of ferritin. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of subunit structures with the same molecular size as that of mouse liver apoferritin. Under the electron microscope, the particles appeared spherical with a relatively uniform diameter of about 130 A. PMID- 821943 TI - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D transport in human plasma. Isolation and partial characterization of calcifidiol-binding protein. AB - The binding protein for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3 or calcifidiol) in human plasma has been purified from Cohn Fraction IV. Following in vitro labeling with 25-OH-[3H]D3, the isolation sequence of procedures included: DEAE-cellulose chromatography; gel filtration on Sephadex G-200; chromatography on DEAE Sephadex; preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These procedures resulted in a calcifidiol-binding protein (Cal-BP) which had been purified approximately 170-fold, and which was homogeneous by physical and immunological criteria. The purified Cal-BP had inter-alpha mobility, a sedimentation constant (S20, w) of 3.46 S, and a molecular weight of approximately 59,000. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of Cal-BP and ligand incubations indicated that there was apparently one binding site for either cholecalciferol, calcifidiol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol per molecule of human Cal-BP. The protein had highest affinity for calcifidiol, displaying an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.4 X 10(-8) M for this sterol. Specific anti-human Cal-BP antisera were prepared in rabbits, and produced precipitate lines of identity between Cal-BP and human serum. Specific binding of vitamin D3,25-OH-D3, and 1,25-(OH)2D3 by human serum was completely neutralized after immunoprecipitation of the serum with the gamma globulin fraction of anti-Cal-BP antiserum, indicating a common transport protein for these sterols in human plasma. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between Cal-BP and rat or chicken sera, indicating that the Cal BP in these three sera are immunologically completely distinct. Purified human Cal-BP and human sera also produced lines of identity with commercial anti-human group-specific component (Gc) antisera in radial immunodiffusion experiments. This finding supports an earlier report of the identity of calciferol/calcifidiol binding protein and group-specific component in human serum. The Cal-BP content of human serum is approximately 10(-5) M, whereas the calcifidiol content is approximately 10(-7) M. Normally, the dominant moiety of human plasma Cal-BP is the apoprotein. PMID- 821944 TI - Immunological evidence for substrate-induced conformational alterations in human carbonic anhydrase B. AB - The inhibition by specific antibody of carbonic anhydrase B activity towards bicarbonate was uncompetitive (Ki 9.5 X 10(-7) M) whereas that of activity towards p-nitrophenylacetate was mixed-type (Ki 9.2 X 10(-7) M). Differences in the immunological reactivity of the enzyme in the presence of the substrates was documented by quantitative precipitin tests and by the Farr technique. In the presence of bicarbonate, nearly half of the antigenic determinants of the enzyme were altered to such an extent that antibodies directed against these determinants in the native form did not bind. This antibody fraction was separated and shown to react with the native enzyme in different molar ratios than the total antibody population. It produced only a very limited inhibition of the activity towards CO2 and p-nitrophenyl acetate. The immunological reactivity of the enzyme with both the total antibody population and the fraction that is nonreactive in the presence of bicarbonate was identical in the absence of substrates and in the presence of CO2 and p-nitrophenyl acetate. It is suggested that the native enzyme form exhibits enzymatic activity towards CO2 and p nitrophenyl acetate, whereas in the presence of bicarbonate a "conformational adaptation" is induced. PMID- 821945 TI - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo (a)pyrene derivatives to mutagenic products by highly purified hepatic microsomal enzymes. AB - A highly purified and reconstituted hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system, completely free of epoxide hydrase and consisting of cytochrome P-448 from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, phosphatidylcholine, and NADPH, metabolizes benzo (a)pyrene to products highly mutagenic in strains TA 98 and TA 1538 of Salmonella typhimurium. The formation of mutagenic metabolites is completely dependent on the presence of benzo (a)pyrene, NADPH, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome P-448 and is partially dependent on phosphatidylcholine. Mutation frequency in both strains is linearly related to amount of cytochrome P-448 and to time of incubation. Highly purified cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats is relatively poor in catalyzing the formation of mutagenic metabolites from benzo (a)pyrene. Addition of 7.5 to 75 units of highly purified epoxide hydrase to the cytochrome P-448 dependent monooxygenase system decreases the number of mutations by approximately 50% and30% in strains TA 1538 and TA 98, respectively. Additional amounts of epoxide hydrase (300 units) fail to further suppress mutations, indicating that at least some, but probably not all, of the mutagenic metabolites of benzo (a)pyrene are arene oxides. In the absence of a monooxygenase system, mutations induced by benzo (a)pyrene 4,5-oxide are readily quenched by epoxide hydrase, whereas mutations induced by a diol epoxide metabolite of benzo (a)pyrene [(+/-) 7 beta, 8alpha-dihydroxy-9beta, 10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo (a)pyrene] are not. Several known and potential phenolic and dihydrodiol metabolites of benzo (a)pyrene are metabolized to products mutagenic in the Salmonella. The number of mutations induced per nmol of hemoprotein is approximately 3- to 4-fold higher when trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo (a)pyrene replaces benzo (a)pyrene as a substrate for the cytochrome P-448-dependent monooxygenase system. Little or no mutagenic activity is observed with trans-dihydrodiols at positions 4,5, 9,10, or 11,12 of the hydrocarbon, either in the absence or presence of the active monooxygenase system. Of the 12 possible isomeric monophenols of benzo (a) pyrene, only 6- and 12-hydroxybenzo (a)pyrene are moderately active bacterial mutagens; 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-hydroxybenzo (a)pyrene are premutagens (i.e. metabolized to mutagenic products); and 4-, 5-, 7-, 8-, 10-, and 11-hydroxybenzo (a)pyrene have little or no mutagenic activity with or without further oxidative metabolism. Benzo (a)pyrene 7,8-oxide, a carcinogen on mouse skin, is weakly mutagenic but can be further metabolized to a highly active bacterial mutagen(s), presumably diol epoxide(s), by a combination of epoxide hydrase and the cytochrome P-448 monooxygenase system. This is the first example of a direct role of epoxide hydrase in the metabolic activation of a chemical to a toxic product. PMID- 821946 TI - Pathway of nitrogen metabolism after fixation of 13N-labeled nitrogen gas by the cyanobacterium, Anabaena cylindrica. AB - Methods have been developed for identifying the pathway of assimilation of N2 derived nitrogen. The products of fixation of 13N-labeled nitrogen gas ([13N]N2), and the distribution of 13N within glutamine, were determined after short periods of labeling (approximately 1 to 120 s) and also in pulse-chase experiments. Ammonia, the amide nitrogen of glutamine, and the alpha-amino nitrogen of glutamate, in that order, were the first observed products of fixation of N2 by the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), Anabaena cylindrica. This sequence of the formation of nitrogenous products was confirmed by the use of inhibitors. The presence of 1 mM methionine sulfoximine permitted continued formation of 13NH3, while virtually preventing 13N-labeling of amino acids. In the presence of 1 mM azaserine, glutamine was labeled, but not other amino acids. Our observations demonstrate unequivocally that N2-derived nitrogen fixed by this organism is metabolized initially by the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway. PMID- 821947 TI - Mechanism of formation of reovirus mRNA 5'-terminal blocked and methylated sequence, m7GpppGmpC. AB - Blocked and methylated 5' termini of reovirus mRNA are formed by viral cores at an early stage of transcription. Cores incubated in a complete transcription reaction mixture for 30 s, or in a mixture lacking UTP and ATP for a longer time, synthesize the "cap" structure, m7GpppGmpC. The dinucleotide ppGpC functions as substrate for a core-associated guanylyltransferase and is converted to GpppGpC by addition of pG from GTP. For optimal conversion, both the diphosphate terminus and phosphodiester bond are required. pGpC is not a substrate, but pppGpC is utilized after removal of the gamma-phosphate by a core nucleotide phospohydrolase. Methyltransferases also present in cores transfer methyl groups sequentially from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to the N7-position of the 5' terminal guanosine followed by the 2'-OH of the penultimate guanosine. GpppGpC is hydrolyzed by cores in the presence of pyrophosphate to ppGpC, the predominant 5' terminal structure of reovirus mRNA made in the absence of S-adenosylmethionine. N7-methylation prevents pyrophosphorolysis of m7GpppGpC, which may explain the increased proportion of blocked, methylated 5' termini in viral mRNA synthesized in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine. On the basis of these findings, the following reaction series is proposed for the synthesis of reovirus mRNA caps. In the series, AdoHcy is the abbreviation for S-adenosylhomocysteine (see article)9 PMID- 821948 TI - Characteristics of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I purified from Escherichia coli. AB - GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the pteridine portion of folic acid, was purified from Escherichia coli by 3,900-fold to apparent homogeneity. Its molecular weight is estimated at 210,000. At relatively high concentrations of salt (e.g. 0.3 M KCl) the enzyme can be dissociated into seemingly identical subunits of 51,000 molecular weight. Removal of the salt allows reassociation. GTP, ATP, and inorganic orthophosphate at concentration of 5 muM, 100muM, and 0.2 mM, respectively, promote the reassociation of the subunits even in the presence of 0.3 M salt. The subunits have little or no catalytic activity. When the enzyme was subjected to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions (in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) only one protein band was evident; its molecular weight was estimated at 25,500. Proline was determined as the only NH2-terminal amino acid residue of the enzyme. These observations suggest that the enzyme consists of four identical subunits and that each subunit contains two identical polypeptide chains. Enough GTP was bound to the enzyme to suggest that each polypeptide contains one GTP binding site. The Km value for GTP IS 0.02 MuM. ATP, dGTP, and guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate are competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 0.25 muM, 0.24 muM, and 0.13 muM, respectively. Orthophosphate is an uncompetitive inhibitor. The enzyme is relatively heat stable; its half-life at 82 degrees is 7 min. Salt (NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl) at a concentration of 0.1 M activates the enzyme by 4- to 5-fold. The only products of the action of the enzyme are formate and the triphosphoester of 2-amino-4-hydroxy 6-(D-erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine (H2-neopterin-PPP). The evidence strongly suggests that this single enzyme catalyzes 4 independent chemical reactions in the conversion of GTP to H2-neopterin-PPP. PMID- 821949 TI - Escherichia coli tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid genes. Nucleotide sequences of their promoters and of the regions adjoining C-C-A ends. AB - The template-dependent primer elongation method for determining DNA sequences of specific regions (e.g. Loewen, P., Sekiaya, T., and Khorana, H. G. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 217-226) has been applied to the determination of the sequences of the promoters and of the regions beyond the C-C-A ends of the tyrosine tRNA genes in Escherichia coli. The following results have been obtained. (a) The promoter of the tRNA1Tyr (su+) gene in the bacteriophage phi80psu+III (the singlet strain) and phi80psu+-III (the doublet strain) and, significantly, the promoter of the tRNA2Tyr gene in the bacteriophage lambdah80dglyTsu+36 all have the following identical sequence in the first 59 nucleotides: (see article) Transcription begins at the underlined terminal nucleotide and proceeds to the right. (b) tRNA1Tyr (su+) as present in the singlet strain phi80psu+III and the tRNA1Tyr (su-), the second gene in the doublet strain phi80psu+-III, have the following identical sequence beyond the C-C-A sequences: (5') TCACTTCAAAAGTCCTGAACT (3') (c) tRNA1Tyr (su+), the first gene in the doublet strain phi80psu+-III, has the sequence (5') TAATTCACCACAGGG (CA) (3'), and tRNA2Tyr in lambdah80dglyTsu+36 has the sequence (5') ATTTCGGCCACGCGA (TGCGG) (3') beyond the C-C-A nucleotides. PMID- 821950 TI - Structure of ATP citrate lyase from rat liver. Physicochemical studies and proteolytic modification. AB - ATP citrate lyase was purified by two different procedures from the livers of rats first starved and then fed with a fat-deficient and high carbohydrate glycerol diet. These enzyme preparations were judged homogeneous by sedimentation equilibrium and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was around 4.4 X 10(5) as determined by sedimentation equilibrium. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis the enzyme usually showed a single protein band with an estimated molecular weight of 1.2 X 10(5). A similar value for the molecular weight of the subunit was obtained by gel filtration on 6% agarose in the presence of 6 M guanidinium chloride. The molecular weight of this polypeptide chain was estimated by sedimentation equilibrium to be around 1.1 X 10(5). These results indicated that ATP citrate lyase has a subunit structure of four polypeptides of similar size. The extinction coefficient of the dry protein and its amino acid composition are also reported. Some batches of fully active enzyme, judged to be homogeneous by sedimentation equilibrium and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed two additional major polypeptides (Mr approximately 7.1 X 10(4) and 5.5 X 10(4)) on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Studies on the polypeptides produced by proteolytic modification of the native enzyme by trypsin indicated that the additional protein bands observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis with some of the batches of enzyme could have been formed by limited proteolysis ("nicking") of the original 1.1 X 10(5) subunit. Trypsin treatment of the native enzyme did not affect the enzyme activity, whereas chymotrypsin and pronase treatment inactivated the enzyme. The trypsin-treated enzyme, which contained only the two smaller polypeptides, did not differ significantly from the untreated enzyme with respect to sedimentation behavior, phosphorylation by ATP, Km for citrate, and immunoreactivity, but it was more heat-labile than the untreated enzyme. The phosphate group on the phosphorylated "nicked" enzyme was located on the larger polypeptide fragment. PMID- 821951 TI - Some properties of a detergent-solubilized NADPH-cytochrome c(cytochrome P-450) reductase purified by biospecific affinity chromatography. AB - NADPH-cytochrome c (cytochrome P-450) reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) has been purified to homogeneity, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis, from detergent-solubilized rat and pig liver microsomes using an affinity chromatography procedure. Treatment of microsomes with a polyethoxynonylphenyl ether plus either cholate or deoxycholate and subsequent batch-wise DEAE cellulose chromatography followed by biospecific affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-bound N6-(6-aminohexyl)-adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate (2'5'-ADP Sepharose 4B) result in a greater than 30% yield of purified reductase from microsomes. The enzyme contains 1 mol each of FAD and FMN and exhibits a molecular weight of 78,000 g mol-1 estimated by comparison with protein standards on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The turnover numbers calculated on the basis of flavin are 1360 min-1 and 1490 min-1 at 25 degrees for the pig and rat liver enzymes, respectively. Titration of these purified preparations aerobically with both NADPH and potassium ferricyanide demonstrated unequivocally that the air-stable, reduced form of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase contains 2 electron equivalents, confirming recent results obtained by Masters et al. (Masters, B. S. S., Prough, R. A., and Kamin, H. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 607-613) for the proteolytically solubilized enzyme. In addition, these preparations are capable of reconstituting benzphetamine N demethylation activity in the presence of partially purified cytochrome P-450 and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, as measured by formaldehyde formation from benzphetamine. PMID- 821952 TI - Heterotopic-bone formation in metastatic tumor from transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A case report. PMID- 821953 TI - The role of divalent cations in the regulation of microtubule assembly. In vivo studies on microtubules of the heliozoan axopodium using the ionophore A23187. AB - Low concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions have been shown to influence microtubule assembly in vitro. To test whether these cations also have an effect on microtubules in vivo, specimens of Actinosphaerium eichhorni were exposed to different concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ and the divalent cation ionophore A23187. Experimental degradation and reformation of axopodia were studied by light and electron microscopy. In the presence of Ca++ and the ionophore axopodia gradually shorten, the rate of shortening depending on the concentrations of Ca++ and the ionophore used. Retraction of axopodia was observed with a concentration of Ca++ as low as 0.01 mM. After transfer to a Ca++-free solution containing EGTA, axopodia re-extend; the initial length is reached after about 2 h. Likewise, reformation of axopodia of cold-treated organisms is observed only in solutions of EGTA or Mg++, whereas it is completely inhibited in a Ca++ solution. Electron microscope studies demonstrate degradation of the axonemal microtubular array in organisms treated with Ca++ and A23187. No alteration was observed in organisms treated with Mg++ or EGTA plus ionophore. The results suggest that, in the presence of the ionophore, formation of axonemal microtubules can be regulated by varying the Ca++ concentration in the medium. Since A23187 tends to equilibrate the concentrations of divalent cations between external medium and cell interior, it is likely that microtubule formation invivo is influenced by micromolar concentrations of Ca++. These concentrations are low enough to be of physiological significance for a role in the regulation of microtubule assembly in vivo. PMID- 821956 TI - [Changes in magnesium levels in surgery of the digestive tract]. AB - We studied serum concentrations of magnesium post-operatively in 41 patients divided up into four distinct groups, depending on the degree of seriousness of the operation, the loss of body fluids and the duration of intravenous feeding. The results thus obtained showed us that in digestive disorders there is an initial fall in blood magnesium accentuated in operated patients submitted to continous gastric aspiration or an external biliary drain. In these same patients, there is a tendency to normalisation from the second day after the operation. Only patients with gastric or intestinal fistulas had a curve which fell to the seventh post-operative day reaching severe levels of hypomagnesemia. PMID- 821955 TI - Reduced DNA repair during differentiation of a myogenic cell line. AB - Repair synthesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in L6 myoblasts before and after cellular fusion was measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation into unreplicated DNA. The level of repair synthesis was reuced after the cells had fused into myotubes. The terminal addition of radioactive nucleotides into DNA strands occurred only to a minor extent, and the dilution of [3H] thymidine by intracellular nucleotide pools was shown not to be responsible for the observed difference in repair synthesis, Both the initial rate and the overall incorporation of [3H] thymidine were found to be 50% lower in the myotubes. 4NQO treatment of myoblasts and myotubes induced modifications in the DNA which were observed as single-strand breaks during alkaline sucrose sedimentation. After the myoblasts were allowed a post-treatment incubation, most of the single-strand breaks were not longer apparent. In contrast, a post-treatment incubation of myotubes did not change the extent of single-strand breakage seen. Both myoblasts and myotubes were equally effective in repairing single-strand breaks induced by X radiation. It would appear that when myoblasts fuse, a repair enzyme activity is lost, probably an endonuclease that recognizes one of the 4 NQO modifications of DNA. The result observed is a partial loss of repair synthetic ability and a complete loss of ability to remove the modification that appears as a single strand break in alkali. PMID- 821957 TI - [Late results of treatment of megaesophagus]. AB - Heller's operation remains the best operation but pneumatic dilatation, which has replaced other methods, gives equivalent results. Our report may be completed by better assessment of the physiopathology, new methods of exploration and more precise knowledge of the complications and failures of myotomy. Finally, the chapter, cancer and megaoesophagus, is the most important to be added. PMID- 821954 TI - Presence of adenylate cyclase activity in Golgi and other fractions from rat liver. I. Biochemical determination. AB - The distribution of adenylate cyclase (AC) in Golgi and other cell fractions from rat liver was studied using the Golgi isolation procedure of Ehrenreich et al. In liver homogenate the AC activity was found to decay with time, but addition of 1 mM EGTA reduced the rate of enzyme loss. The incorporation of 1 mM EGTA into the sucrose medium used in the initial two centrifugal steps of the Golgi isolation method stabilized the enzyme activity throughout the entire procedure and resulted in good enzyme recovery. In such preparations, AC activity was demonstrated to be associated not only with plasma membranes but also with Golgi membranes and smooth microsomal membranes as well. Furthermore, under the conditions used, enzyme activity was also associated with the 105,000 g x 90 min supernatant fraction. The specific activity of the liver homogenate was found to be 2.9 pmol-mg protein-1-min-1, the nonsedimentabel and microsomal activity was of the same order of magnitude, but the Golgi and plasma membrane activities were much higher. The specific activity of plasma membrane AC was 29 pmol-mg proten-1 min-1. The Golgi activity varied in the three fractions, with the highest activity (14 pmol) in GF1 lowest activity (1.8) in GF2, and intermediate activity (5.5) in GF3, when the Golgi activity was corrected for the presence of content protein, the activity in GF1 became much higher (9 x) than that of the plasma membrane while the activities in GF2 and GF3 were comparable to that of plasma membrane. In all locations studied, the AC was sensitive to NaF stimulation, especially the enzyme associated with Golgi membranes. The activities in plasma and microsomal membranes were stimulated by glucagon, whereas the Golgi and nonsedimentable AC were not. PMID- 821958 TI - [Endo-lumen vaterian diverticulas of the duodenum]. AB - The authors report an unusual personal case of a diverticulum of Vater projecting into the lumen of the duodenum. The authors comment on the clinical, pathological and pathogenic findings of this embryological abnormality. Finally, they recall a few rules to avoid operative complications by a routine search for the ratios between the diverticulum of the duodenum and the papilla or the bile and pancreatic ducts. PMID- 821959 TI - Body weight and the pituitary response to hypothalamic releasing hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - Fifteen women with anorexia nervosa were studied before and after weight gain. Basal plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL), and the responses of both these hormones to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), were normal. Basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were low in patients who were emaciated, and their responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were impaired. Both basal and stimulated levels of LH and FSH rose with weight gain, with a linear correlation between gonadotropin levels and body weight expressed as a percentage of standard. The FSH response became greater than normal in patients who had regained weight to more than 70% of standard, while the LH response to GnRH was exaggerated in those who had regained weight to more than 80%. Basal plasma estradiol (E2) levels were low at first, but returned to within the normal range in patients over 80% of standard. Menstruation resumed in some patients after they had regained weight. The relationship between body weight and gonadotropin levels appears to be an important feature of the menstrual disturbance in anorexia nervosa. The restoration of a normal body weight is a prerequisite for the resumption of menstruation in this condition, but other as yet unidentified factors may also be involved. PMID- 821960 TI - Dissociation of responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid suppressibility following antithyroid drug therapy of hyperthyroidism. AB - Responsiveness to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid suppressibility by triiodothyronine (T3) and the outcome of hyperthyroidism following prolonged therapy with thionamides were studied in a group of 35 patients with toxic diffuse goiter. TRH and T3 suppression tests were performed 10 days to 24 months (mean 4 months) after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. Nineteen patients were euthyroid and had a normal thyrotropin (TSH) response to TRH, while 4 were recovering from mild hypothyroidism due to overtreatment and had an exaggerated response. No response was observed in 12 patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism. Positive T3 suppression tests were found only in 10 of the 30 cases examined. Peak and net 2 h secretion responses of TSH to TRH exhibited a significant inverse correlation with the levels of serum thyroxine and serum triiodothyronine, but were unrelated to the degree of thyroid suppressibility. Relapse or recurrence of thyrotoxicosis occurred in at least 9 of the 23 patients having no evidence of hyperthyroidism at the time of TRH test. Each of them was found to be responsive to TRH, while the T3 suppression test was negative in 8 and had to be discontinued in one because of thyrotoxic symptoms. The present data indicate that during the early period after completion of a prolonged course of antithyroid drug therapy responsiveness to TRH in toxic diffuse goiter is: a) correlated with circulating thyroid hormones, b) unrelated to the degree of thyroid suppressibility by T3 and c) of little value in predicting the long-term results of treatment. PMID- 821961 TI - Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins and the control of thyroid function. AB - Triiodothyronine (T3) suppression and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests were used to study thyroid function in 50 patients with thyroid disease. The results of the thyroid function tests were compared with the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) measured by a radio-receptor assay. In euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients, the presence of TSI corresponded with the absence of TSH control of thyroid function. However, in two hypothyroid patients with serum TSI levels readily detectable in the receptor assay, T3 suppression and TRH tests indicated that thyroid function was under TSH control. PMID- 821962 TI - Abnormal TSH, PRL and GH response to TSH releasing factor in chronic renal failure. AB - TSH, PRL and GH response to TSH releasing factor as well as basal T4 and T3 were evaluated in a group of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Serum T4 and T3 were lower than normal. Basal TSH was normal as compared to control, but did not rise after TRF stimulation. Larger dosages of TRF did not correct this abnormal response. Basal PRL was higher than control and remained at the same level during the test. GH was stimulated by the TRF with a peak occurring 20 min after injection. This abnormal secretion was not blunted by T3 administration. TRF half-life measured in 3 patients was 4 min. These data indicate that 1) there is an abnormal response to TRF in chronic renal failure which does not seem to be due to an altered sensitivity to, or metabolism of TRF; and 2) there is an abnormal TSH secretion which may be responsible for the low T4 and T3 measured in these patients. PMID- 821963 TI - Suppression of prolactin secretion by L-dopa in the stalk-sectioned rhesus monkey. AB - The effects of iv administration of L-dopa on serum prolactin were studied in both normal female rhesus monkeys and in monkeys in which the pituitary stalk had been previously sectioned. Revascularization of the pituitary gland was prevented by the insertion of a silastic barrier over the diaphragma sellae. Prolactin secretion was increased in all stalk-sectioned monkeys and, in contrast to intact animals, chlorpromazine administration was ineffective in further releasing prolactin. In both normal and stalk-sectioned monkeys, iv administration of L dopa (3-120 mg) significantly inhibited prolactin release from the pituitary (P less than .005 normal; P less than .001 stalk section). L-dopa also suppressed the TRH-induced release of prolactin in both groups. These results indicate that L-dopa or dopamine may act directly on the anterior pituitary to inhibit prolactin secretion. PMID- 821964 TI - Failure of endogenous prolactin to alter renal salt and water excretion and adrenal function in man. AB - Prolactin is a salt-retaining hormone in fish, and a similar role is frequently postulated in man, althrough clincial observation does not generally support this. The effect of TRH induced acute elevation of endogenous serum prolactin on renal water, sodium, potassium and total solute excretion was investigated during metabolic balance conditions and during escape form mineralocorticoid excess in 8 normal volunteers (6 males, 2 females)... PMID- 821965 TI - Comparison of metoclopramide with other dynamic tests of prolactin secretion. AB - Metoclopramide, a derivative of procainamide, was compared with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), N3im-methyl-TRH and chlorpromazine as a prolactin (PRL) releaser in 11 euthyroid males. The peak response of serum PRL and the maximum increment of serum PRL (max deltaPRL) were greater (P less than 0.0005) after the administration of metoclopramide (deltaPRL 24.1 +/- 1.5 (SE) ng/ml) than after either TRH (14.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) or chlorpromazine (7.0 +/- 2.1 ng/ml). There were no significant differences between the peak and max deltaPRL responses to metoclopramide or N3im-methyl-TRH. Metoclopramide produced a small increase in serum thyrotropin and small reductions of serum growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Metoclopramide may be useful for dynamic testing of PRL release. It offers the advantage of oral administration; a 10 mg dose produces a larger, more sustained increment in serum PRL than other agents used to evaluate prolactin reserve. PMID- 821966 TI - Evaluation of methods for the rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a routine clinical laboratory. AB - Of 78 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 21 failed to grow and produce acid in unsupplemented cystine-Trypticase agar (CTA); whereas positive reactions were obtained by using serum-supplemented CTA and fluorescent antibody (FA). An additional 290 strains of Neisseria were evaluated by FA and by a rapid carbohydrate degradation technique (RF). There was agreement between the two methods 92% of the time on the initial trial and 99% of the time with repeats on discrepancies. The RF and FA tests provided rapid and reliable identification of N. gonorrhoeae, alleviating the problems of CTA due to lack of growth and need for overnight incubation. PMID- 821967 TI - Results of the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - The changes in the types and numbers of tests used by participants in the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen from the beginning of the program in 1971 until October 1975 are analyzed; the implications of these changes are discussed. Changes in the use of agar gel diffusion, rheophoresis, counterelectrophoresis, complement fixation, reverse passive latex agglutination, radioimmunoassay, and reverse passive hemagglutination tests are reviewed. The performance of the participants for 1975 is reported, and factors related to performance (type or combinations of tests used, procedures used to confirm specificity, etc.) are discussed. The increase in the use of third-generation tests in place of tests with lower sensitivity and the decrease in the use of multiple tests undoubtedly represent increased efficiency and effectiveness. PMID- 821970 TI - Psychopathological behavior and the hospital environment. PMID- 821968 TI - The purine nucleotide cycle. A pathway for ammonia production in the rat kidney. AB - Particle-free extracts prepared from kidney cortex of rat catalyze the formation of ammonia via the purine nucleotide cycle. The cycle generates ammonia and fumarate from aspartate, using catalytic amounts of inosine monophosphate, adenylosuccinate, and adenosine monophosphate. The specific activities of the enzymes of the cycle are 1.27+/-0.27 nmol/mg protein per min (SE) for adenoylosuccinate synthetase, 1.38+/-0.16 for adenylosuccinase, and 44.0+/-3.3 for AMP deaminase. Compared with controls, extracts prepared from kidneys of rats fed ammonium chloride for 2 days show a 60% increase in adenylosuccinate synthetase and a threefold increase in adenylosuccinase activity, and a greater and more rapid synthesis of ammonia and adenine nucleotide from aspartate and inosine monophosphate. Extracts prepared from kidneys of rats fed a potassium deficient diet show a twofold increase in adenylosuccinate synthetase and a threefold increase in adenylosuccinase activity. In such extracts the rate of synthesis of ammonia and adenine nucleotide from aspartate and inosine monophosphate is also increased. These results show that the reactions of the purine nucleotide cycle are present and can operate in extracts of kidney cortex. The operational capacity of the cycle is accelerated by ammonium chloride feeding and potassium depletion, conditions known to increase renal ammonia excretion. Extracts of kidney cortex convert inosine monophosphate to uric acid. This is prevented by addition of allopurinol of 1-pyrophosphoryl ribose 5-phosphate to the reaction mixture. PMID- 821971 TI - Serotypes of group B meningococci. AB - Strains of group B meningococci isolated from cases of sporadic infection, epidemic infection, and from patients unassociated with clinical meningococcal infection have been examined by a serological typing technique. The majority of group B meningococci from clinical infections in the UK have serotype 2 antigen. Such strains were relatively uncommon among carriers who had no association with meningococcal disease. PMID- 821969 TI - Homocystine-induced arteriosclerosis. The role of endothelial cell injury and platelet response in its genesis. AB - The atherogenic mechanism of homocystinemia has been defined by measuring endothelial cell loss and regeneration, platelet consumption, and intimal lesion formation in a primate model. Three groups of baboons were studied: (a) 8 control animals; (b) 15 animals after 3 mo of continuous homocystinemia; and (c) 11 animals after 3 mo of combined homocystinemia and oral treatment with dipyridamole. Experimental homocystinemia caused patchy endothelial desquamation comprising about 10% of the aortic surface despite a 25-fold increase in endothelial cell regeneration. Neither endothelial cell loss nor regeneration was changed significantly by dipyridamole. Homocystine-induced vascular deendothelialization produced a threefold increase in platelet consumption that was interrupted by dipyridamole inhibition of platelet function. All homocystinemic animals developed typical arteriosclerotic or preatherosclerotic intimal lesions composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells averaging 10-15 cell layers surrounded by large amounts of collagen, elastic fibers, glycosaminoglycans, and sometimes lipid. Intimal lesion formation was prevented by dipyridamole therapy. We conclude that homocystine-induced endothelial cell injury resulted in arteriosclerosis through platelet-mediated intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells that can be prevented by drug-induced platelet dysfunction. PMID- 821972 TI - Absence of bacterial resistance to povidone iodine. AB - Povidone iodine is now being increasingly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. The possible habituation of bacteria to iodine was studied by serial passage of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains of Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella aerogenes, and one strain of Serratia marcescens in subinhibitory concentrations. After 20 passages, no significant change was observed in the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and killing times between parent strains and 20th subcultures under standardized conditions. PMID- 821973 TI - The effect of oxygen on the lung. PMID- 821974 TI - Areal differences in the laminar distribution of thalamic afferents in cortical fields of the insular, parietal and temporal regions of primates. AB - A cytoarchitectonic parcellation has been made of the cortex of the insula and of the adjoining parts of the temporal and parietal lobes in rhesus and squirrel monkeys. In conjunction with this, the intracortical distribution of the thalamo cortical fibers has been studied by the autoradiographic tracing technique. There is a systematic change in the density, laminar distribution and general character of the intracortical thalamic afferent plexus which seems to follow, in particular, the progressive differentiation of cortical layering that occurs in moving from insular through granular to homotypical cortex. In the dysgranular and granular insular areas in which cortical lamination is indistinct, the thalamic plexus as demonstrated autoradiographically is sparse and extends through much of layers III and IV. In the granular cortex (areas 3b and AI), the thalamic plexus is densest and coarsest; it fills all of layers IV and IIIB and extends into layer IIIA. In the "second" and "third" sensory areas, such as the second somatic sensory and many of the auditory fields, the density of the plexus and its coarseness diminish slightly and the deeper half of layer IV becomes free of terminals. In the homotypical cortex, the plexus becomes sparser, finer and strictly confined to layer IIIB. In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers. Where layers V and VI are not divided into sublaminae (e.g.,in areas 3b and AI) there is labeling of the superficial half of layer VI. Where layers V and VI become subdivided in the homotypical cortex, the auditory and adjacent fields were only observed in cases in which the magnocellular nucleus of the medial geniculate body was involved by the injection of isotope. The boundaries of the cortical projection fields of individual thalamic nuclei, as determined autoradiographically, are remarkably sharp and invariably coincide with a sharp architectonic boundary or with a zone of maximal cytoarchitectonic change. Zones of apparent architectonic transition never showed overlap of thalamic afferents emanating from more than one nucleus. These results raise for discussion the significance of architectonic structure in relation to cortical connectivity and have a bearing upon those studies that have attempted to relate the terminals of thalamic afferents to particular classes of cortical neuron. PMID- 821975 TI - The posterior thalamic region and its cortical projection in New World and Old World monkeys. AB - The posterior nuclear complex of the thalamus in rhesus, pigtailed and squirrel monkeys consists of the combined suprageniculate-limitans nucleus and an ill defined region of heterogeneous cell types extending anteriorly from the dorsal lobe of the medial geniculate body towards the posterior pole of the ventral nuclear complex. This region is referred to as the posterior nucleus. It is directly continuous with the ventroposteroinferior nucleus. The cortical projections of each of these nuclei, together with those of the adjacent ventral, pulvinar and medial geniculate complexes, have been studied by means of the autoradiographic tracing technique. The suprageniculate-limitans nucleus, the main input to which is the superior colliculus, projects upon the granular insular area of the cortex. The medial portion of the posterior nucleus projects to the retroinsular field lying posterior to the second somatic sensory area. There is clinical and electrophysiological evidence to suggest that the retroinsular area may form part of a central pain pathway. The lateral portion of the posterior nucleus which is closely related to certain elements of the medial geniculate complex, projects to the postauditory cortical field. The ventroposterioinferior nucleus, which may be involved in vestibular function, projects to the dysgranular insular field. The principal medial geniculate nucleus can be subdivided into a ventral division that projects to field AI of the auditory cortex and a dorsal division that merges with the posterior nucleus; it is further subdivided into an anterodorsal component that projects to two fields on the superior temporal gyrus, together with a posterodorsal component in which separate cell populations project to areas lying anterior and medial to AI. The magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus, sometimes considered a part of the posterior complex, appears to project diffusely to layer I of all the auditory fields. The auditory fields are bounded on three sides by the projection field of the medial nucleus of the pulvinar which also extends into the upper end of the lateral sulcus to bound the fields receiving fibers from the posterior nucleus. The topography of the areas receiving fibers from the posterior, medial geniculate and pulvinar complexes, taken in conjunction with the rotation of the primate temporal lobe, permits all of these fields to be compared with similar, better known areas in the cat brain. PMID- 821976 TI - Retrosplenial cortex in the rhesus monkey: a cytoarchitectonic and Golgi study. AB - The laminar and cellular structure of retrosplenial cortex in the rhesus monkey was studied with Nissl stained and rapid Golgi impregnated tissue and the results were used to evaluate morphological features of a cortical transition zone. The granular layer of retrosplenial granular cortex is composed primarily of small, density packed, star pyramidal cells. These cells branch within the granular layer itself, while the apical dendrite enters layer I where it branches infrequently or not at all. This cell type is similar to the star pyramid first described by Lorente de No except in its areal and laminar distribution. Cytoarchitectonic observations of retrosplenial agranular cortex show, that, although this area is relatively "agranular" in comparison to other cortical areas, it does possess an incipient layer II and layer IV. These layers are composed mainly of small and medium sized pyramidal cells, but many non-pyramidal cell types were found in these and other layers in this area in rapid Golgi preparations. Stellate cells with beaded or smooth, lightly spinous dendrites were found throughout layer I-IV, while fusiform cells with smooth or very lightly spinous dendrites appear in layers III-VI. Areas surrounding retrosplenial cortex in the posterior cingulate region were also evaluated in Nissl and Golgi preparations including the indusium griseum, subiculum (dorsal to the corpus callosum) and area 23. The laminar and cellular constitutents of retrosplenial cortex were then evaluated in the context of cortical architectonic transition. The transition from one cellular layer in the indusium griseum to five cellular layers in area 23 is made by the addition of layers II, III, IV and VI in retrosplenial cortex to the one ganglionic layer of the indusium griseum and subiculum. Besides the addition and subdivision of layers in retrosplenial cortex, two aspects of cell morphology were found to change in this region. First, the structure of pyramidal cells progressively changes from those in the indusium griseum which have predominently round or oval somata and a preponderance of apical and few basal dendrites to those in layer V of retrosplenial cortex and area 23 which have pyramidal shaped somata and a great number of basal dendrites which branch frequently and spread horizontally for hundreds of microns. Second, there is a change in the number and distribution of non-pyramidal cell types. Evidence was not found that the indusium griseum, dorsal subiculum or layer V of retrosplenial granular cortex contain a significant number of stellate or fusiform cells. At the retrosplenial granular/agranular border, though, these cells gradually begin to constitute a greater proportion of the cell population and in area 23 form a major component of layer IV... PMID- 821977 TI - Preservation of cross-modal transfer of a rate discrimination in the bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) with lesions of posterior neocortex. AB - The effect of lesions of posterior neocortex was assessed, using a test method that permits the demonstration of cross-modal transfer in intact bushbabies. Eight bushbabies were trained to discriminate light flashes of 18/sec and 3/sec in a go-no-go shock-avoidance task. On completion of training, four bushbabies received lesions of posterior neocortex by aspiration. After 6 wk both lesion and intact animals were returned to training in the visual discrimination. On the day following criterion performance on the visual tests, auditory clicks off the same rate and contingencies were substituted and maintained to criterion. All eight bushbabies demonstrated rapid transfer and the lesion animals were not retarded as compared with intact subjects. The cross-modal transfer of a specific rate discrimination was thus preserved in the absence of posterior intersensory neocortex. The results are discussed in terms of a hypothetical subcortical system capable of the amodal coding of simple stimulus dimensions. PMID- 821978 TI - Artifactual seven-day cycles in spontaneous activity in wild rodents and squirrel monkeys. AB - Seven-day cycles in spontaneous activity were found in wild animals (recently trapped Norway rats, chipmunks, ground squirrels, and squirrel monkeys), but not in tame domesticated animals (laboratory Norway rats and hamsters). This 7-day cycle turned out to be a function of emotional reaction of the wild animals to hitherto overlooked slight differences in activities of relevant human beings between weekdays and weekends. Elimination of ability of wild animals to react to slight environment differences by blinding or deafening abolished the 7-day cycles. No definite evidence has been found for the presence of inherent 7-day cycles in animals or man. PMID- 821979 TI - Treatment of infected tooth pulps with vancomycin and hyaluronidase. PMID- 821980 TI - Suppresssion of Drosophila melanogaster by direct field-released gamma-irradiated adults. PMID- 821981 TI - Distribution of Simulium vectors of Leucocytozoon smithi in South Carolina. PMID- 821982 TI - Treatment of intestinal bilharziasis with oral oxamniquine (a preliminary report). PMID- 821983 TI - A 10-year perspective of motherless-mother monkey behavior. PMID- 821984 TI - Degradation of carbaryl following thermal processing. PMID- 821985 TI - Fate of 2,2-dichlorobiphenyl-14C in carrots, sugar beets, and soil under outdoor conditions. PMID- 821987 TI - Histamine metabolism. II. Cellular and subcellular localization of the catabolic enzymes, histaminase and histamine methyl transferase, in human leukocytes. AB - Histaminase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity has been demonstrated in human eosinophils and neutrophils, but not in mononuclear cells, with the use of a new and specific thin-layer radiochromatographic enzyme assay. Leukocyte histaminase was physicochemically and functionally similar to histaminase isolated from human placenta and was principally localized to the 27,000-g granule-rich fraction of eosinophil and neutrophil homogenates. Histamine methyl transferase (EC 2.1.1.8), on the other hand, was detected in monocytes but not in granulocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, or platelets, and was localized solely to the 100,000-g cell sap supernatant fraction. These data suggest a role of human leukocytes in the catabolism of histamine and therefore in the modulation of histamine-mediated inflammatory reactions. PMID- 821986 TI - Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with cromolyn sodium. Double-blind study on 34 adult patients. AB - A double-blind crossover study was performed on 34 adult patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, using an aqueous solution of 4% cromolyn sodium or a placebo substance six times daily over a 4-wk period with daily documentation of both symptoms and use of symptomatic medications. All patients had markedly positive skin test reactions to at least one antigen. Chemistry screens and IgE serum levels were determined. Significant reductions occurred in the symptom-scores for runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, and nose blowing while patients were on cromolyn treatment (p less than 0.005). Likewise, while on treatment, there was a significant reduction in the consumption of antihistamines. In an attempt to differentiate between good and poor cromolyn responders by clinical and laboratory parameters, we found that (1) patients with high IgE levels responded better than those with low IgE levels, (2) patients with markedly positive skin test reactions to epidermoids and to foods responded better than those with pollen allergy, and (3) females appeared to have a significantly better drug response than males. Age did not play a role in drug response, nor did drug sequence (placebo-active or active-placebo). PMID- 821988 TI - Letter: Cadmium-113 Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance of cadmium(II) carbonic anhydrases and cadmium(II) alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 821989 TI - What is the function of a hospital for geriatric and chronic diseases? AB - The functioning of a hospital for chronic diseases was examined in terms of the type of patient referred, the course in the hospital and the eventual outcome, in a prospective study of a year's admissions to one department of Harzfeld Hospital in Israel. Of the 191 patients admitted, 55 percent were assessed as possible candidates for rehabilitation, and two-thirds were discharged. Among those admitted primarily for nursing reasons, the mortality was 76 percent. The average stay was 68 days for the 47 percent who were discharged and 95 days for the 45 percent who died; 8.4 percent remained as long-stay patients. Mobility improved in 37 percent and deteriorated in 8 percent; independence in self-care increased from 13 percent on admission to 51 percent on discharge. Thirty percent of the discharges occurred in the first month, and further 30 percent in the second month; 85 percent of these patients returned to their own homes. The hospital stay exceeded 6 months in 18 percent, of whom 7 percent died and 3 percent were later discharged. The possibility of release from the hospital was influenced by the degree of disability rather than the social circumstances. The best change for improvement was among the patients who required only partial help on admission. The most important tasks of the hospital were: intensive and sometimes prolonged rehabilitation; basic nursing care; medical reevaluation and sometimes referral for surgical salvage operations; attention to acute and subacute medical problems, some of which occurred as complications, including accidents; and the concentration of physiotherapy and occupational therapy where most needed. Achievement of these aims was based on fostering a cooperative spirit between patients and staff, adjusting to the problem of re-integrating the long-stay patient, and coordinating specialist services from other hospitals when needed. PMID- 821990 TI - Long term care future--how will we pay for it? PMID- 821991 TI - Role of the family--what are the responsibilities? PMID- 821992 TI - Lactic acidosis in association with phenoformin therapy: report of two cases. PMID- 821993 TI - Coccygodynia and proctalgia fugax. PMID- 822099 TI - Organization of the hypothalamic-pituitary system: current concepts from immunohistochemical studies. AB - Immunoperoxidase technique and light microscopy have been used to localize neurosecretory systems for vasopressin, oxytocin and related neurophysins (neurohypophysial peptides)) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in the rhesus monkey brain. All the neurohypophysial peptides were found in the magnocellular nuclei (suproptic and paraventricular) of the hypothalamus and in their projections to the posterior pituitary gland, the zona externa of the median eminence and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Gn-RH was found in smaller cell bodies which were widely scattered in the hypothalamus. Some of these were found in the media-basal hypothalamus in the infundibular nucleus and lateral and dorsal to it, while others were found in dorsal hypothalamus. Numerous cells were also located in the preoptic area close to the OLVT. Gn-RH-containing fibers projected to the OVLT and the zona externa of the median eminence. The two neurosecretory systems studied have two common features: magnocellular perikarya containing the neurohypophysial peptides and smaller elements containing Gn-RH are found near and appear to terminate around the fine vessels of the OVLT. In addition, cells of both systems send fibers to the hypophysial portal capillary system in the zona externa of the median eminence. Many more vasopressin-than oxytocin-containing fibers end in the entire expanse of the zona externa, where they are mainly concentrated in the anterior and middle parts, while Gn-RH fibers project to all portions. PMID- 822100 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of casein and casein-like proteins in human tissues. AB - By means of specific immunochemical methods, material reacting with anti-human casein antisera has been detected in various human tissues and mainly in ductules of the breast, in the sebaceous and sweat glands of the skin, in the bronchial epithelium and glands, at the surface of some alveoli of the lung, in the exocrine pancreas, in the glands of the endometrium in proliferative phase and in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney. The exact chemical nature and the physiological significance of the proteins present in extramammary sites and reacting with anti-casein antibodies are not clear; it appears, however, that casein might be a protein not specific of the breast, and that casein-like material might be present in other areas and mainly devoted to exocrine secretion. The interest of these findings is also related to the presence of proteins reacting with anti-human casein antisera in carcinomas of the lung, the endometrium and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 822101 TI - A human cold agglutinin which binds lacto-N-neotetraose. AB - A human cold agglutinin (McC) has been isolated from the serum of a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia by affinity chromatography with a column of glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocyte stroma mixed with celite. The agglutinin, which is an IgM K, reacts weakly with normal adult erythrocytes and strongly with cord cells as well as with adult Oh and Oi cells. The reactivity of all cell types tested was increased to approximately the same level by treatment of the cells with ficin. Inhibition studies indicate the agglutinin is specific for the nonreducing terminal carbohydrate sequence Gal(beta)1-4GlcNAc(beta)1-3Gal. PMID- 822102 TI - Phenol oxidation in soft cuticle and blood of crayfish compared with that in other arthropods and activation of the phenol oxidases by fungal and other cell walls. PMID- 822103 TI - Phenol oxidase in crayfish blood: activation by and attachment on cells of other organisms. PMID- 822104 TI - A Minchinia-like haplosporidan parasitizing blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus. PMID- 822105 TI - Oyster-MSX interactions: alterations in hemolymph enzyme activities in Crassostrea virginica during the course of Minchinia nelsoni disease development. PMID- 822106 TI - Radioimmunoassay of calcitonin in plasma, normal thyroid, and medullary thyroid carcinoma of the rat. AB - We have developed a sensitive immunoassay for murine calcitonin which can measure the basal concentration of the hormone in peripheral plasma of rats as well as the calcitonin, extracted from rat thyroid tissue. Human calcitonin was used for tracer, standard, and antibody production. Assay methods were devised to minimize artifacts which have been shown to spuriously influence immunoassay performance. The basal plasma concentration of calcitonin in rats was 6 to 75 pg. per milliliter. Infusions of calcium, pentagastrin, and PGE2 produced a 2- to 7-fold increase in plasma calcitonin. Elevated concentrations of calcitonin were demonstrated in tumor specimens obtained from the second and fourth generations of a transplanted rat medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that calcitonin circulates in the peripheral plasma of rats in the basal state and that hormone concentrations change during functional tests of secretion. This assay will permit studies of calcitonin secretion in physiological and pathophysiological states in the rat. PMID- 822107 TI - Lack of effect of hypocalcemia on renal phosphate handling. AB - A possible effect of decreased plasma ionized calcium concentration on renal phosphate handling was investigated in dogs with control of parathyroid hormone. Intrarenal artery infusion of either EDTA or sodium citrate decreased ionized calcium concentration 25 per cent in renal vein blood but had no significant effect on fractional phosphate excretion. Similarly, intravenous infusion of chelators had no significant effect on fractional phosphate excretion. It is concluded that acute decreases in ionized calcium have no significant effect on the renal handling of phosphate. PMID- 822109 TI - Rapid specific identification of group D streptococci by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Clinical isolates of group D streptococci have been examined by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) to determine if this method might be of value in the rapid identification of the members of this group. Group D organisms identified by classical biochemical and serologic procedures were inoculated into Todd Hewitt broth and incubated at 37 degrees C. After 4 hours of incubation, free group D streptococcal antigen was detected in broth cultures from 70 of 70 group D enterococcal strains. Precipitin lines were readily visible immediately after electrophoresis in each case. In contrast, 10 nonenterococcal group D strains failed to produce detectable free group D antigen in the Todd Hewitt broth after 4, 24, or 48 hours incubation. Such antigen was detectable, however, after 48 hours incubation in Mueller Hinton broth containing 10 grams of glucose per liter. Representative strains of group A, C, G, and B streptococi, Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pneumoniae grown in Todd-Hewitt broth for 4 hours gave no precipitin lines when reacted against adsorbed monospecific group D antiserum. Group D antigen was also detected in broth cultures of direct swabs and in 18-hour blood culture broths. CIE appears to be a rapid and sensitive procedure for identification of the enterococcal strains of group D streptococci from clinical isolates. PMID- 822108 TI - An improved technique for the electronic measurement of platelet size and shape. AB - A method is described for the rapid and accurate measurement of platelet size utilizing the Coulter Counter model ZB and Channelyzer C-1000. A simple hydrodynamic focusing apparatus and a special aperture tube were used to improve the accuracy of the system. By collecting samples both in EDTA and citrate, measurements could be based directly on stable and linear calibration data derived from latex spheres. Since the platelet size distribution conformed well to a log-normal model, distribution parameters were calculated on this basis. Utilizing samples from normal individuals, platelets collected in EDTA appeared spherical and had a mean volume of 9.0 mu3. Platelets collected in citrate appeared discoid and had a mean volume of 7.3 mu3 (uncorrected for shape). An EDTA/citrate ratio of 1.26 was calculated from the median platelet volumes. A thrombocrit was determined by multiplying the mean EDTA platelet volume by the total platelet count. In normal individuals the thrombocrit ranged from 0.18 to 0.34 per cent. PMID- 822111 TI - Effect of vestibular deafferentation upon positional nystagmus in the squirrel monkey. AB - Seventeen of eighteen squirrel monkeys, under a restrained condition, showed positional nystagmus in different body positions. Good repeatability and consistency of the nystagmus were found, especially at the left-lateral, right lateral, and head-hanging positions. Positional nystagmus was not observed after the subject underwent bilateral labyrinthectomy. However, one subject in which part of the crista ampullaris posterior remained, continuously showed a positional nystagmus. Therefore, the existence of a minimal vestibular imput from the crista ampullaris could provoke the nystagmus. Some changes occurred in positional nystagmus after bilateral macular ablation; however, the nystagmus did not completely disappear. Even though imput from the crista ampullaris is essential to provoke positional nystagmus in squirrel monkeys, the positional nystagmus probably results from a central dyscoordination between vestibulo oculomotor function, spino-oculomotor function, vestibular and brain circulation, and psychological condition. PMID- 822110 TI - Hypercupremia associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin. AB - Although copper is an essential constituent of many physiologic systems, most human diseases effect minimal changes in copper homeostasis. Therefore, the association of marked hypercupremia with copper deposition in the ocular media and with a circulating immunoglobulin G in an apparently healthy woman prompted our interest. Balance and radioisotopic studies suggest a normal gastrointestinal and renal threshold for copper but a specific and tight binding between the serum copper and the anomalous protein, the probable result of a preclinical myeloma. Because the response of the hypercupremia to chelation therapy was limited, the multiple myeloma was treated with cytoxic drugs. PMID- 822112 TI - Detection of plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity by immunoelectrophoresis of nasal washing fluid. AB - A patient with a solitary IgG-lambda plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity is described. Immunoelectrophoresis of the nasal washing fluid showed the presence of the same paraprotein. After radiotherapy the tumour and the paraprotein disappeared. Recurrence of the tumour after 6 months was again associated with the presence of the paraprotein in the nasal washing fluid. Immunoelectrophoresis of nasal washings may offer an easy method in detection and follow-up of localized plasmacytomas of the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 822113 TI - Maxillary ossifying fibroma. PMID- 822114 TI - Protection against group B meningococcal disease. I. Comparison of group-specific and type-specific protection in the chick embryo model. AB - Protection against group B meningococcal infection was examined using the chick embryo. 12-day-old embryos were challenged intravenously with various meningococcal strains. The chick embryo has an active reticuloendothelial system but lacks functional complement. In this model we found that protection against group B infection was primarily group specific. The group B polysaccharide antibody is an effective opsonin, but is a very poor bactericidal antibody. In contrast, the serotype antibody was bactericidal but only slightly protective in the chick embryo where protection is primarily phagocytic in nature. The group specific and type-specific antibodies are strongly synergistic. Minute amounts of group B polysaccharide antibody caused a very significant increase in the protective effects of the serotype antibody. PMID- 822115 TI - The Ly-3 antigens on mouse thymocytes: immune precipitation and molecular weight characterization. AB - Specific anti-Ly sera were employed to precipitate Ly antigens from Nonidet P-40 extracts of mouse thymocytes labeled with 125I using lactoperoxidase and with NaB3H4 using galactose oxidase. Thymocytes from mice of the congenic strains C57BL/6J (Ly-2.2, Ly-3.2 positive), C57BL/6Ly-2a, Ly-3a (Ly-2.1, Ly-3.1 positive) and C57BL/6-Ly-2a (Ly-2.1, Ly-3.2-positive) were used as sources of labeled antigens and as immune adsorbants to permit evaluation of the specificity of each anti-Ly serum employed. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions are consistent with the Ly 3.1 antigen containing a glycoprotein subunit with an apparent mol wt of 35,000 daltons. Specific precipitates obtained using anti-Ly-2.1 serum yielded SDS-PAGE profiles identical to that obtained with anti-Ly-3.1 serum, suggesting that the Ly-2 and Ly-3 antigens have the same molecular weight distribution. The relationships of these results to the observed close genetic and topological linkage of Ly-2 and Ly-3 and to the genetic linkage of these loci with the IB peptide marker, a mouse Bk-region polymorphism, are discussed. PMID- 822116 TI - B-lymphocyte heterogeneity: ontogenetic development and organ distribution of B lymphocyte populations defined by their density of surface immunoglobulin. AB - The density of total Ig and of IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA on the surface of adult murine splenic B lymphocytes was measured using the technique of rapid flow microfluorometry. In addition, the density of total surface Ig and of IgM on B lymphocytes derived from adult bone marrow, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, and from neonatal spleen was determined. Adult spleen and lymph node B lymphocytes are characterized by the presence of a large population of cells with a low-to intermediate density of total surface Ig, which is seen as a peak in the fluorescence profiles when these cells are labeled with fluorescein-conjugated (F1) anti-Ig. This peak is not detected when neonatal spleen or adult bone marrow are examined; the development of this peak among spleen cells occurs during the first 4 wk of life. Although the characteristic fluorescence intensity peak is not seen when adult spleen cells are labeled with Fl anti-mu, changes in the density of surface IgM do occur during the first few weeks of life and are detected as a decrease in the frequency of cells which have relatively large amounts of surface IgM. The differences seen in the fluorescence patterns of adult spleen cells labeled with Fl anti-Ig and Fl anti-mu may be due to the appearance of IgD on the surface of mature splenic B lymphocytes. This is supported by the similarity of the fluorescence profiles of adult bone marrow cells stained with Fl anti-Ig and Fl anti-mu, as the latter population of cells is reported to lack surface IgD. PMID- 822117 TI - X-linked B-lymphocyte defect in CBA/N mice. III. Abnormal development of B lymphocyte populations defined by their density of surface immunoglobulin. AB - CBA/N mice have an X-linked defect in B-lymphocyte function characterized by a failure to respond to certain thymus-independent antigens. When studied by rapid flow microfluorometry, adult CBA/N splenic B lymphocytes labeled with either fluorescein-conjugated (Fl) anti-Ig or Fl anti-mu had fluorescence profiles which were considerably different from those of B lymphocytes derived from normal mice. By studying progeny of crosses of CBA/N and normal mice, it was shown that the abnormal fluorescence profiles of CBA/N B cells were determined by an X-linked gene. The fluorescence profile of adult CBA/N splenic B lymphocytes labeled with anti-mu were very similar to the patterns of neonatal normal and of neonatal CBA/N splenic B lymphocytes suggesting that the defect of CBA/N mice is due to a failure in the development of a mature B-lymphocyte population. The fluorescence profiles of adult CBA/N splenic B lymphocytes labeled with Fl anti-Ig also had immature characteristics in that the frequency of cells with large amounts of surface immunoglobulin was increased in comparison to that of normal strains and the population of cells with low-to-intermediate density of total surface immunoglobulin, which appear characteristic of normal adult splenic B lymphocytes, was markedly diminished. PMID- 822118 TI - Antigen-induced co-capping of IgM and IgD-like receptors on murine B cells. AB - Double fluorescence studies indicated that most mature lymphocytes of 11-52-wk old mice possess both IgM and IgD-like surface immunoglobulins, while spleen cells from neonatal mice possess surface IgM only. These molecules cap independently with class-specific antisera, but co-cap when capping is induced by antigen. It is proposed that the two heavy chains on individual lymphocytes possess similar or identical antigen-combining sites. PMID- 822119 TI - [A rapid and precise determination of fibrinogen and its cleavage products (author transl)]. AB - A method is described for the quantitative determination of fibrinogen equivalents in citrated blood before and after removal of the fibrinogen by coagulation. The method employs an immunological reaction, which is measured by mechanized nephelometry. Thus the sum of all the fibrinogen equivalents can be compared with the concentration of "cleavage products". The difference between the two readings represents the concentration of coagulable fibrinogen. For the fibrinogen concentration of 11.15 mg/l, variation coefficients of 2.81% in series and 3.31% for day to day were obtained. The accuracy of a new method was tested under conditions of fibrinogenolysis, and in the presence of heparin, by comparison with simple radial immunodiffusion, and with the "coagulation physiological rapid method for the determination of fibrinogen" after Clauss ((1957), Acta-Haematol, 17, 237-246). In addition 180 citrated blood samples of different patients were compared with the simple radial immunodiffusion, the method of Clauss and the new method. Only the new rapid method appears to measure plausible fibrinogen values, and permits a clear differentiation between coagulable and non-coagulable fibrinogen equivalents. It can be recommended for clinical practice. PMID- 822120 TI - [Cooperative survey for the determinations of L-triiodothyronine (T3) and L thyroxine (T4): critical evaluation of methods employed (author's transl)]. AB - A cooperative survey of the radioimmunoassays for triiodothyronine was performed among 30 participating laboratories from the Thyroid Association of the German Society for Endocrinology. A total of 16 serum samples were sent frozen to each laboratory for the determination of both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It was possible to calculate the recovery rates of the participants from the values determined for an internal standard curve, which was hidden within the 16 samples and was made up by addition of known amounts of T3 and T4, respectively, to an untreated serum low in T3 and T4 (recovery curve). In general, most participants overestimated T3 levels, whereas T4 was determined falsely low. The intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was determined from triplicate readings of three identical sera included within tor T3, and 4.5 and 30% for T4, respectively. There was no significant cross reaction for T4 in the T3 assays. However, most T3 assays were significantly influenced by variations of the thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) levels between different samples, that were tentatively included. It is suggested, that an improvement of the accuracy of the T3 radioimmunoassays necessitates either prior extraction of T3 or antibodies of higher avidity. PMID- 822121 TI - The collection and determination of ethylene glycol dinitrate, nitroglycerine, and trinitrotulene explosive vapors. AB - The method presented in this paper demonstrated that minute quantities of explosives such as EGDN, NG, and TNT can be easily detected and determined in relatively large amounts of debris after collecting their vapors on porous polymer beads. The method of collecting explosive vapors is simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and relatively fast compared to microscopic and physical methods of analysis. PMID- 822122 TI - Spontaneous mechanical activity in depolarized frog ventricle. AB - Spontaneous mechanical activity can be produced in depolarized frog ventricle by bathing the tissue in a solution with low Na, Iow Ca, and high K+. The contractions can be inhibited by depleting the tissue of Ca first, but they are relatively insensitive to changes in either extracellular [Ca++] or [Ca++]/[Na+]2. They are terminated very rapidly by raising [Na+] to 40 mM. Local anesthetics enhance the spontaneous activity in proportion to the concentration of their free base form. These contractions occur relatively rhythmically for several hours. Since the preparation is multicellular, this suggests a mechanism for intercellular communication without change in membrane potential. PMID- 822123 TI - The cultivation of cellulolytic protozoa isolated from the rumen. AB - Conditions are described for the isolation from the rumen and subsequent growth of six species of cellulolytic protozoa: Enoploplastron triloricatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, Diploplastron affine, Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum, Diploidinium monacanthum and Diploidinium pentacanthum. The protozoa were grown in an atmosphere of 95% nitrogen plus 5% carbon dioxide, or pure carbon dioxide, in a potassium phosphate-rich medium containing cysteine, sometimes 10% prepared fresh rumen fluid, and daily additions of powdered dried grass. Population densities of 10 to 6000 protozoa/ml (depending on the species) were obtained in cultures that were diluted with fresh medium twice each week. Extracts of these protozoa digested a [14C]cellulose preparation, liberating soluble 14C-labelled compounds. PMID- 822124 TI - Thiosulphate as electron donor in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. PMID- 822125 TI - Identification of the antibiotic determined by the SCP1 plasmid of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). AB - The antibiotic whose biosynthesis is determined by the SCP1 plasmid of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been characterized as the recently described methylenomycin A (2-methylene-cyclopentan-3-one-4,5-epoxy-4,5-dimethyl-1 carboxylic acid). PMID- 822126 TI - Inhibition of RNA synthesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Bacillus megaterium by the pine-blight toxin, dothistromin. AB - Dosthistromin, an anthraquinone derivative produced by the pine-blight fungus, Dothistroma pini, inhibits the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Bacillus megaterium. At growth inhibitory concentrations, dothistromin strongly inhibits incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of both species. With B. megaterium, marked inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation is apparent within 5 min of addition of dothistromin, but only a slight inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA-containing fraction or of [14C]leucine incorporation into protein is detectable after 10 min. PMID- 822127 TI - Facultative wood-digesting bacteria from the hind-gut of the termite Reticulitermes hesperus. AB - Among the facultative bacteria capable of growth on mesquite wood which were isolated from the asceptically dissected hind-gut of the termite Reticulitermes hesperus were two strains of Bacillus cereus, one strain each of Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes and Serratia, and a very small Gram-negative fermentative rod. The B. cereus strains, the Serratia marcescens strain and the Arthrobacter sp. grew well on a mineral salts alpha-cellusose agar. One of the Bacillus cereus strains and Serratia marcescens hydrolysed gels of carboxymethylcellulose. All isolates grew well with mesquite wood as the carbon source. The Serratia marcescens isolate produced prodigiosin but differed from a typed strain both in size and in some physiological characteristics. PMID- 822128 TI - Penetration of penicillin into human phagocytes containing Neisseria gonorrhoeae: intracellular survival and growth at optimum concentrations of antibiotic. AB - Phagocytes obtained from fresh human buffy coat (predominantly polymorphonuclear phagocytes) or from human buffy coat which had been incubated on a glass surface for 1 to 3 days (predominantly mononuclear phagocytes) were allowed to ingest gonococci, and then incubated with penicillin. More intracellular gonococci were killed at high than at low penicillin concentrations, indicating that penicillin penetrated the phagocytes. This was supported by autoradiography experiments with radiolabelled penicillin. A pilated, small-colony-forming gonococcal strain survived and multiplied for at least 15 h in polymorphonuclear phagocytes which were incubated with penicillin at the optimum concentration for killing the extracellular bacteria but not the intracellular ones; whereas a non-pilated, large-colony-forming strain survived for only 10 h. The former strain survived for at least 6 h in similar experiments with mononuclear phagocytes. Intracellular survival and in growth may be an important facet of the pathogenicity of gonococci. PMID- 822129 TI - Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus megaterium and uptake of specific compounds. AB - Commitment of Bacillus megaterium cells to continue the sporulation process was tested at different times during the developmental period with respect to either addition of different carbon sources (sugars or amino acids) or dilution into media containing these. Organisms grown in minimal medium containing sucrose as sole carbon source were committed earliest with respect to aspartic or glutamic acid as sole carbon source, later with respect to fructose, glucose, glycerol or sucrose, and latest with respect to nutrient medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate. Addition of both aspartate and a carbohydrate resulted in later commitment than addition of either compound alone. The initial uptake rates of aspartate, glutamate, glucose and sucrose increased toward the end of growth in complex medium (but not in minimal medium for glucose and sucrose) and then decreased during the developmental period. PMID- 822130 TI - The relationship between methionine uptake and demethiolation in a methionine utilizing mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens UK1. PMID- 822131 TI - Characteristics of phage AP50, an RNA phage containing phospholipids. AB - A bacteriophage specific for Bacillus anthracis was isolated and designated as AP50. The nucleic acid of phage AP50 is RNA and the virion contains five different phospholipids. Some physical and biological characteristics of the phage, including morphology, were examined. To the best of our knowledge, this RNA bacteriophage containing phospholipids is the first to be isolated for a Gram positive host. PMID- 822132 TI - A brain-specific protein with affinity for DNA. PMID- 822133 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of alkaloid-binding proteins from immature rat brain. PMID- 822134 TI - Brain carbonic anhydrase: activity in isolated myelin and the effect of hexachlorophene. PMID- 822135 TI - Purification and properties of beta-hexosaminidase B from monkey brain. PMID- 822137 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on cerebral circulation. AB - Effects of intravertebral, intracarotid, and intravenous infusion of acetylcholine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism was studied in 17 baboons anesthetized with pentobarbital. We measured CBF by the bilateral jugular venous outflow technique using two electromagnetic flowmeters. Effect of acetylcholine infusion on cerebral vascular response to hypercapnia was also assessed. Intravertebral infusion of acetylcholine (0.01 mg/kg/min) increased CBF by 27% and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen by 19% and decreased cerebral vascular resistance by 25%. On intracarotid injection of acetylcholine, only an 8% increase in CBF was observed, and intravenous infusion produced no change in the parameters observed. Acetylcholine administered by any of the three routes did not enhance the CBF response to hypercapnia. Increase in CBF on intravertebral administration of acetylcholine is associated with an arousal effect and an increase in cerebral metabolism. PMID- 822136 TI - Primate model of cerebral hematoma. AB - Using specific anesthetic agents, permanent segmental occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) causes ischemic infarction limited to the putamen and other deep hemispheral structures in primates. Using this model, 25 rhesus monkeys were subjected to acute arterial hypertension before, during and up to 5 days after onset of MCA occlusion in order to reevaluate the possible role of the ischemic process in pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage. Norepinephrine infusion induced prompt rapid rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) limited to the duration of infusion. This procedure produced acute ischemic lesions which were totally bland but topographically more extensive than untreated controls; in chronic lesions, however, deep nuclear masses showed hemorrhagic infarction. Animals given 5% CO2 air had slowly progressive elevation in ICP and MAP. Acute specimens showed intact, widely-dilan hypercarbia was induced 5 days after MCA occlusion, animals developed intracerebral hematoma involving putamen, external capsule and claustrum, occasionally dissecting through to ipsilateral ventricle. In acute cerebral ischemia, elevated MAP produced only quantiative changes in lesion size. In the vasoproliferative stages of mature infarction, MAP elevation induced by a cerebral vasoconstrictor caused hemorrhagic infarctions while cerebral vasodilation caused intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 822138 TI - In vitro stabilization of a low-tin bone-imaging agent (99mTc-Sn-HEDP) by ascorbic acid. AB - The presence of oxidants in the 99mTc-pertechnetate and of oxygen in diagnostic kits containing low concentrations of Sn(II) has a detrimental effect upon in vitro and in vivo stability. Maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere or increasing the Sn(II) concentration inhibits the formation of 99mTcO4-. However, the latter remedy is likely to cause uptake in the reticuloendothelial system and has been associated with false positive or negative brain scans. We used ascorbic acid (an antioxidant) to ensure the in vitro stability with the low-Sn(II) bone agent disodium etidronate. In vitro stability studies by instant thin-layer chromatography, using high-acitivity generators and "instant pertechnetate," yielded less than 2% free pertechnetate at 24 hr after preparation. Distribution studies in guinea pigs show neither altered distribution of the bone agent nor abnormal distribution of ascorbic acid, suggesting its sole function as a noncomplexing stabilizer. PMID- 822139 TI - The effect of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and cortisone on the development of chick duodenal alkaline phosphatase in organ culture. AB - The development of alkaline phosphatase influenced by 1 alpha-OH-D3 (a synthetic active form of vitamin D3) and cortisone was studied in chick duodenal organ cultures. The administration of cortisone to the embryo in ovo on the 14th day of incubation resulted in a precocious increase in alkaline phosphatase after six days (20-day embryo). When duodena from 14-, 18- and 20-day embryos were cultured in the presence of cortisone, there was no significant enhancement of alkaline phosphatase activity except for a marginal effect observed in the 18-day duodenum. On the other hand, the alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured duodena from 20-day chick embryos was significantly stimulated by the addition of 1 alpha-OH-D3. The effects of cortisone and 1 alpha-OHD-3 were not additive. The activity of maltase, another intestinal enzyme, was not influenced by 1 alpha-OH D3. Studies on inactivation of alkaline phosphatase by EDTA suggest that the observed increase in alkaline phosphatase activity induced by the administration of 1 alpha-OH-D in vitro may be related to the qualitative changes in the enzyme that take place during development in vivo. PMID- 822140 TI - Recommendations for a xylene standard. PMID- 822141 TI - Aurosome formation in articular tissues after parenteral administration of gold. AB - Intramuscular injection of sodium aurothiomalate (Myochrysine) produced lysosomes (aurosomes) of a characteristic morphology distinct and different from other lysosomes. The aurosome is characterised by particle and granulestudded electron dense membranous formations which present as rod-like and curled structures. Intramuscularly injected sodium aurothiomalate in immature rabbits leads to the production of aurosomes in the articular cartilage chondrocytes and synovial intimal cells and subsynovial macrophages. In mature rabbits aurosomes develop only in the synovial intimal cells and subsynovial macrophages, but not in the chondrocytes. PMID- 822142 TI - Mast cells in benign nerve sheath tumours. AB - The concentration of mast cells was estimated, and their distribution noted, in 132 benign nerve sheath tumours. With few exceptions, neurofibromas were characterised by a high concentration of diffusely distributed mast cells. In neurilemmomas fewer mast cells were present and these were restricted to Antoni type-B tissue. Based on these observations, and on the behaviour of mast cells in injured nerves, it is postulated that neurilemmomas are true neoplasms of Schwann cells sometimes incorporating reactive endoneurial tissue (Antoni type-B tissue). Neurofibromas probably consist of reactive endoneurial tissue and may not be true neoplasms. The distinction between neurofibromas and neurilemmomas thus seems to be a real one based on a difference in histogenesis. PMID- 822143 TI - Neonatal thyroid function in congenital hypothyroidism. AB - In the cord blood of seven infants with congenital hypothyroidism detected in our newborn screening programs, thyroxine values ranged from 2.5 to 6.7 mug/dl and thyrotropin, from 105 to 975 muU/ml; triiodothyronine values were normal. On follow-up, T3 levels increased to normal in five infants, there was a significant negative correlation between the T3 value and the severity of thyroprevia as reflected in the TSH levels and the number of clinical features present. This increase in T3 may explain in part why the diagnosis of this disease is difficult during the first few months of life and why early treatment is effective. This observation provides further rationale for the widespread institution of newborn screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 822144 TI - Continuous low-dose infusion of insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. AB - Twelve diabetic children--eight in ketoacidosis, three with insulin refractory hyperglycemia, and one postoperative patient--were treated with continuous, low dose, intravenous infusion of insulin. The eight ketoacidotic children with a mean serum glucose concentration on admission of 631 mg/dl and bicarbonate value of 6.8 mM/1 were given regular insulin, 0.1 U/kg, slowly by bolus injection followed by a sustaining infusion of 0.1 U/kg/hour. Plasma glucose concentration fell at a mean rate of 82 mg/dl/hour. Euglycemia with concomitant improvement in the metabolic disorder was achieved with a mean dose of insulin, 0.68 U/kg, given over four to 10 hours. Mean plasma insulin in those children who had not previously received insulin was 55 muU/ml, well within the normal physiologic range. Growth hormone and serum triglyceride levels, low initially, rose with insulin therapy before returning to control values. Continuous low-dose insulin infusion is simple, safe, and effective, avoids confusion and empiricism, and appears to be the method of choice for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis or insulin resistance. PMID- 822145 TI - Evaluation of an autoimmune type antibody in the sera of patients with Chagas' disease. AB - Utilizing cryostat sections of mouse heart as antigen, antibodies in the sera of patients with Chagas' disease were investigated for autoimmune-type interation. Sera from 47 normal, 70 patients with various contagious diseases, 116 sera from persons with leishmaniasis, and 90 from persons with Chagas' disease were evaluated. Antibodies in 44% of the sera tested from persons from Chile with xenodiagnostically proven infections of Chagas' disease showed antibodies that interacted with the heart sections of 65 sera from Brazil, 29 were positive by the complement fixation test, and 25 of these reacted with the heart sections. Of the 116 leishmania sera, 24 (20.7%) were reactive in the test. A second type of staining of heart tissue reported for patients with leishmaniasis was observed in 23 sera from patients with this disease and 34 sera from patients with syphilis, rheumatic fever, and malaria. This reaction was not observed in normal sera or in sera from patients with Chagas' disease. PMID- 822146 TI - Leucocytozoon maccluri sp. n. (Haemosphorida: Leucocytozoidae) from a Thailand thrush, Zoothera marginata Blyth. AB - A new species of Leucocytozoon with elongate gametocytes and unique morphology is described from a Thailand thrush, Zoothera marginata, and represents the first fusiform leucocytozoid named from a passeriform. This species appears to be restricted with respect to geography and host. PMID- 822147 TI - Nonspecific resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi enhanced by Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 822148 TI - Proceedings: The distribution of Na, K and Cl in Bufo bufo oocytes measured by electron microprobe analysis. PMID- 822149 TI - Proceedings: Are there restricted input-output columns in monkey motor cortex? PMID- 822150 TI - Proceedings: A technique for studying the metabolism of muscle. PMID- 822151 TI - Identification, classification and anatomical segregation of cells with X-like and Y-like properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus of old-world primates. AB - 1. All the cells (158) that we studied in the lateral geniculate nuclei of Macaca nemestrina and Macaca irus could be distinguished as either X-like or Y-like on the basis of their responses to tests developed to classify cat retinal and lateral geniculate nucleus cells. These tests include responses to stationary spots, fast moving wands and moving gratings. 2. Response latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm were determined for 130 cells; no X-like cell showed a latency shorter than 1-7 ms, no Y-like cell showed a latency longer than 1-6 ms. Primate lateral geniculate nucleus cells with X-like properties thus receive their excitatory input from retinal cells with slowly conducting axons and these most probably include the tonic ganglion cells described by Gouras (1968, 1969); Y-like lateral geniculate nucleus cells are driven by retinal cells with faster conducting axons, most probably including the phasic ganglion cells described by Gouras. 3. Wiesel & Hubel (1966) classified monkey lateral geniculate nucleus cells into four main types based on their receptive-field properties, as revealed by spectrally and spatially distinct stimuli. We find that all Type I and Type II cells show X-like properties; all type IV cells show Y-like properties. Type III consists of a subtype that show X-like properties, here termed Type IIIx, and a subtype that show Y-like properties, here termed Type IIIy. 4. The first cells encountered as the micro-electrode reached the lateral geniculate nucleus were always X-like. In some penetrations only X-like cells were encountered as the electrode moved downward through the lateral geniculate nucleus. In the remaining penetrations, after recording X-like cells through most of the lateral geniculate nucleus, Y-like cells were then encountered. No X-like cells were found below Y-like cells. thus these two classes of cells are anatomically segregated within the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Electrode marking showed the borger between X-like and Y-like cells to correspond to the border between the paro- and magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Thus X-like cells (i.e. Types I, II and IIIx) occur in the parvocellular layers, Y-like cells (i.e. Types IIIy and IV)in the magnocellular layers. PMID- 822153 TI - Proceedings: The effect of cooling parietal lobe areas 5 and 7 upon voluntary movement in awake rhesus monkeys. PMID- 822152 TI - Disynaptic inhibition of spinal motoneurones from the motor cortex in the monkey. AB - 1. The neuronal mechanism of disynaptic inhibition of spinal motoneurones by the corticospinal tract was investigated in Macaca irus. Surface stimulation or weak intracortical stimulation was used in order to evoke the inhibition. Intracellular records were taken from motoneurones in lumbar segments. 2. Both the disynaptic i.p.s.p.s evoked from group Ia afferents and the disynaptic i.p.s.p.s evoked from corticospinal fibres were found to be depressed by conditioning stimulation of motor axons to antagonistic muscles. Mutual facilitation of the actions from these two fibre systems occurred when nerve impulses set up in them reached the explored spinal segment synchronously. These observations led to the conclusion that disynaptic i.p.s.p.s from group Ia afferents and from the motor cortex are mediated by common interneurones. 3. No evidence either for or against projections of the same pyramidal tract cells to motoneurones of one motor nucleus and to interneurones interposed between group Ia afferents and motoneurones of an antagonistic muscle could be obtained by comparing cortical areas from which monosynaptic e.p.s.p.s and disynaptic i.p.s.p.s were evoked in the different motor nuclei. 4. The areas from which the disynaptic i.p.s.p.s were evoked in individual motoneurones appeared to be similar in size to the areas of cortical monosynaptic projections to motoneurones and showed similar degrees of overlap, indicating that the projections of pyramidal tract cells to Ia inhibitory interneurones are as extensive as to motoneurones and that they are similarly organized. PMID- 822154 TI - Uptake and release of some radionuclides by fresh water phytoplankton in batch culture. PMID- 822155 TI - [Osteosclerosis in diseases of overloading]. PMID- 822156 TI - [Osteoblastic metastases in adults]. PMID- 822157 TI - [Study of glomerular filtration in children]. PMID- 822158 TI - [Control of the effectiveness of dialysis by use of Cr51-EDTA in patients under periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 822159 TI - [X-ray images in mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 822160 TI - [Radiologic aspects of phakomatosis]. PMID- 822161 TI - Editorial: Priorities for the health service. PMID- 822162 TI - Progesterone concentration in rabbit uterine flushings before implantation. PMID- 822163 TI - Reversible occlusive devices. PMID- 822164 TI - Oncofetal antigens in chemical and viral-induced tumors. PMID- 822165 TI - Issues of public policy in the USA raised by amniocentesis. AB - Amniocentesis, a procedure which can detect during pregnancy whether or not the fetus will develop into a mongol or one affected by other serious chromosomal defects, if given to all pregnant women aged 40 and over, would save both human suffering and economic loss to the community. The procedure is not at present widely used for various reasons, not all of them medical, and, if the test result is positive abortion is the remedy. The author describes an important clinical trial being conducted in the USA at the present time but suggests that an educational programme should be undertaken to inform the public of the existence of this procedure and its applications even before the results of the American large-scale trial can be known and evaluated. Amniocentesis and its use, Professor Etzioni concludes, is not the only genetic tool which should be reviewed in a manner which would give an overall picture. He compares those who are concerned with these matters to the citizens of Britain when they saw the first steam engine. They did not perceive the social changes--the industrial revolution--that would follow. In our time a 'genetic revolution' may not be long delayed. PMID- 822166 TI - A new practical classification of the mycobacteria. AB - A new classification is presented for mycobacteria cultured from clinical specimens. Five categories were defined on temperature requirement, and these were subdivided into 14 groups by pigmentation, oxygen preference and Tween hydrolysis. Support for some of the groups and for the recognition of certain important species within others was provided by drug-sensitivity tests. Less than 1-0% of the opportunist mycobacteria met in Britain eluded classification by these means. PMID- 822168 TI - The presence of a variant of type-IIIa beta-lactamase in a series of strains isolated in a burns unit. AB - An outbreak of carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a Burns Unit in 1968-69 occurred in two phases separated by a period when no resistant pseudomonas were detected. Nevertheless, strains of Klebsiella aerogenes carrying R factors similar to those in the pseudomonas strains were encountered in the intervening period. The similarity of the plasmids occurring in all stages of this outbreak has been confirmed by the fact that each specifies a novel variant of type-IIIa beta-lactamase. PMID- 822167 TI - The adherence of pilate and non-pilate strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human and guinea-pig epithelial tissues. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae adhered to pieces of human endocervix and appeared to be embedded in the surface mucus. Although a pilate strain adhered better than a non-pilate strain, the difference was small and pilation did not appear to be exclusively responsible for adherence. The pilate strain showed better adherence to pieces of human ectocervix and fallopian tube, but both strains were similarly adsorbed to human bronchus and guinea-pig uterus, cervix, male urethra and bladder, although to different degrees for different tissues. Since gonococci adhered to all tissues examined, their ability to infect human endocervix and fallopian tube and their failure to infect human ectocervix or guinea-pig urogenital tract mucosae are determined by factors other than a capacity for primary adherence to the tissue. PMID- 822169 TI - Intestinal function in malnourished children. PMID- 822170 TI - The ultrastructure, fuction and morphogenesis of the tentacle in Discophrya sp. (Suctorida) Cileatea. PMID- 822171 TI - The osmotic effect of glutaraldehyde during fixation. A transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cytochemical study. PMID- 822172 TI - Enzymatic degradation of uracil-containing DNA. II. Evidence for N-glycosidase and nuclease activities in unfractionated extracts of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Further studies have confirmed our earlier observations that in the presence of EDTA, degradation of phage PBS2 [3H]uracil-labeled DNA is effected by an N glycosidase activity in extracts of Bacillus subtilis that removes free uracil from DNA. In addition, such extracts contain a nuclease activity that attacks PBS2 DNA in the presence of CaCl2. The nuclease activity is not observed under conditions that inactivate N-glycosidase activity but does attack DNA that has been preincubated to remove uracil by N-glycosidase action. We therefore postulate that the nuclease requires N-glycosidase action to generate substrate for its activity, i.e., the nuclease appears to attack depyrimidinated sites rather than uracil sites in phage PBS2 DNA. PMID- 822173 TI - DNA strand specificity of temporal RNA classes produced during infection of Bacillus subtilis by SP82. AB - The DNA of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82 has been separated into heavy (H) and light (L) fractions by centrifugation in buoyant density gradients in the presence of polyguanylic acid. Competition-hybridization experiments were performed with these separated fractions using RNAs isolated from cells labeled at intervals which account for 80% of the lytic cycle and unlabeled competitor RNAs isolated from phage-infected cells at 2-min intervals throughout infection. The analysis of temporal RNA classes were facilitated by use of a double reciprocal plot of the data. Five temporal classes binding to the H fraction and three binding to the L fraction were detected; the possible existence of an additional class transcribed from the H fraction is discussed. RNA synthesized in the presence of chloramphenicol contains two of the three classes produced from L DNA and two of the five classes transcribed from H-DNA. PMID- 822174 TI - Genetic analysis of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: integration and mapping of reference mutants of two collections. AB - Reference mutants of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 of the Madrid and Minneapolis collections were employed to construct a genetic map. Suppressor-sensitive and temperature-sensitive mutants were assigned to 17 cistrons by quantitative complementation. Three-factor crosses were used to assign an unambiguous order for the 17 cistrons. Recombination frequencies determined by two-factor crosses were used to construct a linear genetic map of 24.4 recombination units. The genes were numbered sequentially from left to right (1 to 17) according to their relative map position. PMID- 822175 TI - Analysis of gene function of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: identification of cistrons essential for viral assembly. AB - Restrictive infection of Bacillus subtilis by suppressor-sensitive (sus) mutants of phi 29 has been used to search for cistrons that function in viral assembly. The products of cistrons 7, 9, 10, and 16 are necessary for head morphogenesis. The neck upper collar protein P10 and the tail protein P9 must be present for DNA packaging to occur. The protein P7 must be present for phage-related particles to form. A prohead-like particle has been isolated during 16-restrictive infection. The particle is composed of the proteins Hd, P10, F, and P7. P16 must function for DNA-filled particles to accumulate. A DNA-containing particle produced in the absence of the cistron 11 product may be an intermediate in the phi 29 assembly pathway. The protein P13 interacts with P9 and P11 to form a stable DNA-filled particle. The products of cistrons 2 and 3 are essential for viral DNA synthesis, and in their absence virus-related particles are not detected. PMID- 822176 TI - Morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: preliminary isolation and characterization of intermediate particles of the assembly pathway. AB - Three classes of particles have been identified in restrictive phi 29 suppressor sensitive (sus) mutant infections of Bacillus subtilis, including DNA-containing heads or phage, prohead, and empty heads. Pulse-chase labeling experiments indicate that the prohead, the first particle assembled in 14-infected cells, is converted to DNA-filled heads and phi 29. In addition to the proteins Hd, P10, and F found in mature phi 29, the prohead contains a "core" protein P7 that exits as the prohead matures and appears to recycle during subsequent rounds of prohead assembly. Prohead-like structures accumulate in UV-irradiated cells and are present in restrictive infections with sus mutants of cistrons 9 and 16. Empty heads are observed only when infection results in the formation of DNA-containing particles; this and other evidence indicates that the empty heads are probably not true intermediates. Phage phi 29 assembly apparently occurs by a single pathway in which neck and tail components interact to stabilize the completed DNA containing head. PMID- 822178 TI - Letter: Lessons relearned. PMID- 822177 TI - Long-acting nitrates in the treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 822179 TI - Letter: Transmission of tuberculosis. PMID- 822180 TI - Primary and secondary hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - We investigated the thyroid and pituitary functions of six of the seven patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had been previously treated with external radiation, and who were seen at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Hospital within a recent 18 month period. Two patients had primary hypothyroidism, and four had secondary hypothyroidism. These findings suggest that thyroid and pituitary abnormalities are frequent complications of both nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its treatment. PMID- 822181 TI - Editorial: Mild hypertension. PMID- 822182 TI - Fetal hemoglobin in pregnancy. PMID- 822183 TI - Case report: muscular dystrophy (Duchenne type). PMID- 822184 TI - Enzyme abnormalities in man and the role of their identification in preventive medicine. PMID- 822185 TI - Supersensitivity to sympathomlmetic drugs. PMID- 822186 TI - [Proceedings: Studies on the so-called slow potentials from the standpoint of extracellular potentials]. PMID- 822187 TI - [Studies on synergistic effect of sulbenicillin and dibekacin against gram negative bacilli (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro synergism of sulbenicillin and dibekacin was investigated with 19 strains of E. coli, 20 strains of Enterobacter and 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on agar plates. As the results, sulbenicillin and dibekacin were found to be synergistically bacteriostatic against all these organisms, though the synergistic effects were somewhat less potent against E. coli. The concentrations of dibekacin required for assuming a clear synergism were 0.78 approximately 1.56 mug/ml. PMID- 822189 TI - Pathogenesis of the mouse keratitis produced with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - For the purpose of studying the pathogenesis of corneal infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was examined virulence of elastase and protease producing strains or non-producing strains of the bacteria by using the cornea of mouse. The cornea of mouse was experimentally incised, and then P. aeruginosa cultures were dropped once onto it. As a result serious ulcers were caused over the entire cornea, and abscesses in its central area, by 10(5) and 10(7) viable cells of the enzymes producing strains IID 1210 and NO-5 of P. aeruginosa, respectively. Histological destruction, enlargement and cellular infiltration were observed in the corneal epithelium and stroma. On the other hand, P. aeruginosa strains NC-5 and N-10, enzymes non-producing ones, could not cause corneal lesions such as ulcers or abscesses. However, strain PA-103, which is considered to produce neither of the enzymes, could not cause corneal ulcers but cause uveitis even with 10(5) viable cells per mouse. Histologically, concentrated serous exudatation and severe cellular infiltration were noted in the anterior chamber. Necrosis was observed in the entire layer of the cornea. However, the corneal damage caused by strain PA-103 was clearly different from one due to the enzymes producing strains. Additive synergistic effect of protease on the virulent degree of strain NC-5 against the cornea was detected. PMID- 822188 TI - [Indwelling catheter after laparotomy with special reference to retrograde urinary tract infections (author transl)]. PMID- 822190 TI - Synergistic effect of immune gamma-globulin fraction on protection by antibiotic against corneal ulcers in experimental mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Synergistic effects of immune gamma-globulin fraction containing antibodies of OPE, protease and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the activities of antibiotic, dibekacin (DKB), in the cornea of mice were examined for the purpose of studying therapy for corneal ulcers due to Pseudomonal infection. In the case of the intramuscular injection, a medium effective dose (ED50) of DKB alone against corneal ulcers caused by strain IID 1210 of P. aeruginosa in experimental mice was 620 mug per mouse. When 15.6 to 18.7 mg of gamma-globulin fraction was subcutaneously given to each mouse prior to the infection with strain IID 1210, opacity instead of severe ulcers was observed only in the central area of cornea. The immune gamma-globulin fraction was far more effective in the protection of cornea from the infection than the calf serum that showed no antibody titer against OEP, protease and elastase. The ED50 values of DKB's combined with the immune gamma-globulin, Fr. 1 and Fr. 2, and the calf serum were 34 and 73, and 480 mug per mouse respectively. There was found no statistical difference in ED50 value between DKB combined with the calf serum and one without it. There was, however, significant difference in ED50 value between DKB's combined with Fr. 1 and Fr. 2, and one with the calf serum. When DKB alone is dropped in the eye of mouse for the protection, the ED50 value was 15 mug per mouse. When 1.56 to 1.87 mg of the immune gamma-globulin fraction was dropped in the eye after the infection with P. aeruginosa, there was observed no protection against corneal ulcers. the ED50 values of DKB's combined with Fr. 1, Fr. 2 and the calf serum were 0.96, 0.94 and 13 mug per mouse, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ED50 values of 0.96 and 0.94 mug, and between 15 and 18 mug. There was, however, significant difference between the former ED50 values (0.96 and 0.94 mug) and the latter ones (15 and 18 mug). The combination of DKB and the immune gamma-globulin fraction was found to be superior to the combination of DKB and the calf serum in the therapeutic effect on corneal ulcers caused by strain IID 1210 of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 822191 TI - [The system of private nursing]. PMID- 822192 TI - [Ward attendance by a family member and hospital nursing]. PMID- 822193 TI - [The role of ward attendance by a family member--a comparison with the British system of nursing]. PMID- 822194 TI - [Current fees for private nursing--with special reference to its relationship to the standard nursing prescribed in the National Health Program]. PMID- 822195 TI - [Sociological aspects of private nursing]. PMID- 822196 TI - [Bedside nursing. Methodology in arriving at solutions for nursing problems. A study of a patient with apprehension toward drip infusion]. PMID- 822197 TI - [Bedside nursing. Clinical nursing of a patient with monocytic leukemia: from hospital admission to remission]. PMID- 822199 TI - [Experience with the encounter group. A study at Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, School of Nursing]. PMID- 822198 TI - [Effects of postoperative body movements on the cardiovascular system, with special reference to blood pressure and pulse]. PMID- 822200 TI - [Interpersonal relationship. 5. Interpersonal relationship as the basis for the work situation (1). The 3rd proposition of interpersonal relationship]. PMID- 822201 TI - [Drug toxicity. 7. Succinylcholine idiosyncracy]. PMID- 822202 TI - [Refractory diseases--practice of home nursing. 6. Home nursing of patients with refractory diseases being cared for at home--studies of 3 cases]. PMID- 822203 TI - [Communication. 4. Confrontation and exchange of opinions]. PMID- 822204 TI - [Simple interpretation of electrocardiograms. 7. Ischemic heart disease and the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 822206 TI - [The patients of the 5th Ward. (antics of patients in a psychiatric ward) 6. The problem of the ward key (1)]. PMID- 822205 TI - [Illustrated nursing technics in patient transfer. 5. The aged patient--5. Ambulation and the nursing action]. PMID- 822207 TI - [Home nursing of aged bed-ridden patients. Skin care]. PMID- 822208 TI - [Diary of a nursing student with Behcet's disease. I. Initial hospitalization]. PMID- 822209 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Trial of Karen Quinlan case]. PMID- 822210 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Discussion: the right to do and the legal decision. The relationship between the law and medicine seen in the Karen Quinlan case]. PMID- 822211 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Its impact on nursing]. PMID- 822213 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Questions on "dignified death"]. PMID- 822212 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Warning against hasty decision for euthanasia]. PMID- 822214 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Importance of preservation of natural life]. PMID- 822215 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Warning against cursory attitude toward human life]. PMID- 822216 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Need for development of nursing technology for functional recovery of affected patients]. PMID- 822217 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Detection of the proof of life in vegetative patients]. PMID- 822218 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Nursing for the purpose of restoration of a more humane life. A case study of a vegetative patient]. PMID- 822219 TI - [Karen Quinlan case--dignified death and nursing. Solution to the medico-legal dilemma. The choice between life and death--current development in Europe and the United States (1)]. PMID- 822220 TI - [Finger movement as an expression of a vegetative patient. Problem of understanding of the patient]. PMID- 822221 TI - [Prevention of decubitus ulcer during open heart surgery, with special reference to comparative evaluation of materials used for cushions on the surgical table]. PMID- 822222 TI - [Refractory diseases--home nursing. 7. Aged bed-ridden patients with Parkinson's disease being cared for at home]. PMID- 822223 TI - [Communication. 5. Open-mindedness and self-revelation]. PMID- 822224 TI - [Simple interpretation of electrocardiograms. 8. Rheumatic heart disease and the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 822227 TI - [Interpersonal relationship. 6. Interpersonal relationship as the basis for the work situation (2). The 3rd proposition of the interpersonal relationship]. PMID- 822225 TI - [Illustrated nursing technic in patient transfer. 6. Aged patients--6. Assistance of bed-ridden patients]. PMID- 822226 TI - [Bedside nursing. Evaluation of interactions between the nurse and patient (or his family). Patient's discovery of value in life through family life]. PMID- 822228 TI - [Drug toxicity. 8. Penicillin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 822229 TI - [Home nursing of aged, bed-ridden patients. Ambulation]. PMID- 822231 TI - [Diary of a nursing student with Behcet's disease. 2. Nightmarish re-admission to the hospital]. PMID- 822230 TI - [The patients of the 5th Ward (antics of patients in a psychiatric ward) 7. The problem of the ward keys(2)]. PMID- 822233 TI - [Clinical studies of nosocomical infection. I. An epidemiological study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 822234 TI - Diphtheroid endocarditis. Report of nine cases and review of the literature. AB - Diphtheroid endocarditis is a rare disease. A large proportion of the reported cases have occurred in the presence of prosthetic heart valves. Nine previously unreported cases of diphtheroid endocarditis are discussed along with 25 others taken from the literature. Eight out of the nine new cases occurred in patients with artificial heart valves. A high mortality was associated with infections occurring on prosthetic heart valves. Microbiological studies were frequently hampered by poor in vitro growth of the organisms. Resistance to penicillin and cephalothin was common. Erythromycin or penicillin in combination with streptomycin is suggested as a rational initial treatment for diphtheroid endocarditis involving prosthetic heart valves to be used until adequate in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing is completed. Long-term suppressive therapy is suggested for those patients who are poor surgical candidates and for those patients who relapse after a reasonable course of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 822232 TI - Relationship between hepatic hemodynamics and biliary pressure in dogs: its significance in clinical shock following biliary decompression. AB - The changes in the hepatic hemodynamics were promptly reflected in the biliary pressure in dogs. Both wedged hepatic venous pressure and portal venous pressure increased in response to the elevated biliary pressure, and conversely decreased following rapid biliary decompression, suggesting that the changes in the biliary pressure might affect the hepatic hemodynamics post-sinusoidally. It was supposed that too rapid biliary decompression might trigger the following consequences; 1) decrease in sinusoidal pressure, 2) increase in sinusoidal inflow, and 3) extravasation of intravascular fluid in the perivascular space. When these were not sufficiently compensated, they could trigger shock in the jaundiced patients. PMID- 822235 TI - Studies on the life of bovine Theileria species of Japan. With special reference to growth and multiplication of parasite inhabiting the blood in the body of cattle. PMID- 822236 TI - [Long-term investigations of the influence of corticosteroids on lens transparency in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Both a systemic cortisol treatment (10 mg/kg, daily, s.c.) for 275 days and a local administration of prednisolone eye drops (1%, 4 times daily) for 150 days failed to induce morphologic lens changes in wistar rats. Possible reasons for the different reactions to steroid treatment of human and animal lenses are discussed. PMID- 822237 TI - Functional and morphologic changes during experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in guinea pigs. AB - Experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever was studied in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal inoculation of 10(7) Rickettsia rickettsii. After a 2-day incubation period, animals developed fever, progressive emaciation, and scrotal swelling with necrosis. Vasculitis, with increased small vessel permeability for colloidal carbon, was evident in cremaster muscles as early as 1 day after inoculation. Inflammatory changes in vessels became progressively more severe as numbers of circulating rickettsiae increased. Thrombosis and vascular occlusion were first evident on day 4. Mild thrombocytopenia developed, coinciding with the development of vasculitis, and preceding the appearance of either fibrin-split products in blood or thrombi in vessels. Rickettsiae were first detected in blood on day 2; peak rickettsemia occurred on days 5 to 8. Rickettsiae were demonstrated in inflamed vessels on day 5 and later, but not at earlier stages. Serum lysozyme concentration was moderately elevated and hemolytic complement was moderately depressed throughout the illness. Agglutinating antibody was present in low titers on days 3 to 10. Antibody titers increased on days 12 to 16 after the rickettsiae were cleared from blood. These studies indicate that vasculitis seen early in the course of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the result of rickettsial infection, but is not dependent on the presence of rickettsiae in endothelial cells or other blood vessel components. PMID- 822238 TI - Sterol metabolism--XXXVIII. Oxidation of 4-cholsten-3 beta-ol by soybean lipoxygenase. PMID- 822239 TI - Rayleigh-Taylor instability of surface layers as the mechanism for bioconvection in cell cultures. PMID- 822240 TI - The role of metal ions in the mechanism of action of hydrolytic metalloenzymes: carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 822241 TI - Dominance, aggression and reproduction in primate societies. PMID- 822242 TI - Physiological aspects of steroids with anaesthetic properties. PMID- 822243 TI - [Letter: Diaper dermatitis and SMON]. PMID- 822244 TI - Cocaine: tolerance to its convulsant and cardiorespiratory stimulating effects in the monkey. PMID- 822245 TI - A calcium ionophore-induced secretion in rabbit lacrimal gland in vivo. PMID- 822246 TI - I-cell disease: activities of lysosomal enzymes toward natural and synthetic substrates. PMID- 822247 TI - Editorial: Creating strength in unity. PMID- 822248 TI - Drafting an individual work contract. PMID- 822250 TI - Monitoring children's reactions when they are hospitalized for percutaneous renal biopsy. PMID- 822249 TI - The nocturnal frustration of sleep disturbance. PMID- 822251 TI - The uncertainty and stress of high risk pregnancy. PMID- 822252 TI - Placental evaluation studies: the procedures, their purposes, and the nursing care involved. PMID- 822253 TI - Pregnancy complicated by diabetes - a case study. PMID- 822254 TI - The fetal monitor, friend or foe? PMID- 822255 TI - Care of the infant with a stoma. PMID- 822256 TI - A practical guide to giving oral medications to young children. PMID- 822257 TI - [Effect of mesterolone on the erythropoietin activity and hematocrit in long-term hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 822258 TI - [Control of treatment with aggregation inhibitors]. PMID- 822260 TI - Aspirations and resources. PMID- 822259 TI - [Isolation and classification of Listeria monocytogenes from sewage water]. PMID- 822262 TI - Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by the rat lung worm, angiostrongylus cantonensis with special reference to A. malaysiensis in Malaysia. PMID- 822261 TI - Current status of oral contraceptive. PMID- 822263 TI - Direct infusion of coconut water. PMID- 822264 TI - Towards a diagnosis of "health-care" disease. PMID- 822265 TI - [The long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with niflumic acid or indometazin in double blind controlled trial (author's transl)]. AB - In a double-blind study 80 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis in slightly progressed state, who had not received systemic therapy, were treated with niflumic acid and indometazin in doses of 1000 mg resp. 100 mg per day for a period of 6 months. The investigation showed good results in the patients treated with niflumic acid. In particular were observed relief of pain, shortening of morning stiffness, improvement of grip-strength, decrease of sedimentation rate. In a number of cases an assuage of the basic disease was reached which was almost equal to remission. In some aspects niflumic acid was more effective than indometazin. Of particular value are the good tolerance and the lack of sideeffects subjectively as well as objectively. Niflumic acid is a particular suitable non-steroid containing preparation for a broad range of medical applications. PMID- 822266 TI - [Therapy and prophylaxis of recurrent erysipelas (author's transl)]. AB - 17 patients suffering from chronically recurrent erysipelas were treated through 10 days - every day - with 10 mega Na-penicillin G intravenously, before noon, and with 1.2 mega (900000 units clemizole penicillin G plus 300000 units Na penicillin G) intramuscularly or 1 to 2 mega penicillin V acid orally, in the afternoon. Thereafter, these patients were to be injected through six months, in two week intervals, a repository penicillin (600000 units benzathine penicillin G, 300000 unmand in a divers manner. During the observation period from 1 7/12 to 2 8/12 years, 11 out of 17 patients remained without relapse. Frequency of recidivation significantly decreased in 3 patients; no improvement was achieved in the three last patients. PMID- 822267 TI - [Serologic possibilities in the diagnosis of tropical diseases from the clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 822268 TI - [Significance of antibody titers in recurrent urinary tract infection in children (author's transl)]. AB - 2254 antibody titers have been measured by the indirect hemagglutination method in 84 children with recurrent urinary tract infection using single organisms as homologous or several strains from one species (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) as polyvalent antigens. Increase of homologous antibody titers within 3 weeks following a significant bacteriuria (65% of all cases) has been found to be a more reliable parameter for diagnosis of infection than leukocyturia or clinical symptoms. Determination of antibody titers is a special diagnostic clue for differentiation of contamination of midstream urine and bacteriuria with less than 10(5) organisms/ml. Cross reactivity between a polyvalent E. coli antigen and homologous E. coli antigens was found in 85% of cases. High or low antibody titer levels do not allow to differentiate between upper or lower urinary tract infection nor are antibody titer levels indicative for kidney involvement and prognosis of the disease. PMID- 822269 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of DBED-Penicilline in bacterial airway infections in children]. AB - Serum concentrations and therapeutic effects of DBED-Penicilline was checked in 22 resp. 26 children, 1-14 years of age. 15 min up to 2 hours and more following oral application of DBED-Penicilline a bactericide serum level was observed. The clinical effectiveness of orally administered DBED-Penicilline was proved in airway-infections of children. The flavor of the drug was well accepted. PMID- 822270 TI - Development of an effective treatment program for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: a preliminary report. AB - The development of an effective therapeutic regimen for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) of childhood is described. By careful surveillance of toxicity and efficacy, positive modifications of treatment strategy were achieved without resorting to classically randomized trails. Teh resultant protocol utilizes vincristine-prednisone induction followed by asparaginase consolidation, intensive intermittent combination maintenance chemotherapy with adriamycin as a major component, and cranial radiotherapy plus intrathecal methotrexate for central nervous system prophylaxis. Preliminary analysis suggests that this regimen may result in prolonged continuous complete remission in at least 80% of children with ALL. PMID- 822271 TI - Design of flattening filters for the fast-neutron beam at TAMVEC by use of decrement lines. AB - Isodose distributions in a tissue-equivalent phantom produced by fast neutrons from 50-MeV deuterons incident on a thick beryllium target exhibit strong forward peaking, particularly for large fields. The design by use of decrement lines and the construction of polyethylene filters used to "flatten" those distributions are discussed and the results are illustrated. Also, the compromises of central axis attenuation versus effective filter width and of off-axis peaking versus depth of "flattening" are discussed. PMID- 822273 TI - Cataract in a wooly monkey. PMID- 822274 TI - Body-weight and chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Body-weight has been shown to influence the final expression of genetic damage by X-rays in Drosophila melanogaster. If larvae of Drosophila were raised up to the third instar in media containing different amounts of the same nutrient and in different conditions of crowding a positive correlation was observed between body weight and frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by a given dose of X-rays in the somatic cells of their nerve ganglia. This effect, present in both sexes, is most plausibly attributed to a different capacity of big and small larvae for repairing radiation damage. PMID- 822272 TI - Bacterial isolations from canine and feline urine. PMID- 822275 TI - Mapping the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase loci in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Three genes hemE, hemF, hemG taking part in the porphyrin biosynthesis of Baccillus subtilis were mapped by two- and three-factor transduction crosses. The gene hemE determines uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) the gene hemF coproporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.3) and the gene hemG ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1) enzymes. The loci hemE, hemF, hemG, are not linked to hemA locus and located near the argC and metD loci. PMID- 822276 TI - Multiple regulation of nucleoside catabolizing enzymes: effects of a polar dra mutation on the deo enzymes. AB - Strains with an amber, polar mutation in the dra1 gene have been isolated. The mutation was introduced into a set of isogenic strains, wild type or with concurrent regulatory mutations, and further characterized by suppression and heat inactivation experiments. The effect of the polar dra mutation on the three remaining genes of the deo operon, the tpp, drm and pup genes, was determined by estimating the enzyme levels in the various dra-mutants. The effect was found to be non-coordinate, indicating the formation in the cells of two types of transcripts: A tetracistronic unit, containing the message from all four genes, and a dicistronic unit, covering the two distal genes only. PMID- 822277 TI - Cytological localization of the maternal effect gene, tuh-1, in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The sex-linked gene, tuh-1, produces a maternal effect that is associated with the tumorous head abnormality in Drosophila melanogaster. With the aid of various known deletions, tuh-1 has been localized to band 20A1-2 on the salivary chromosome map of the X. PMID- 822278 TI - Conditional mutations in the translational apparatus of Bacillus subtils. AB - Four temperature sensitive mutants of B. subtilis were isolated by localized mutagenesis in the major ribosomal gene cluster, and charcterized genetically and biochemically. Three are mutations which cause temperature sensitivity in the elongation factor Ef-G, and one which has a similar effect on the elongation factor Ef-Tu. They map in a cluster near strA, with the temperature sensitive mutations in Ef-G mapping between the strA gene and the temperature sensitive mutation in Ef-TU. PMID- 822279 TI - Nucleoside auxotrophy in Drosophila: an autosomal locus yielding mutants supplementable by purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides. AB - Two allelic auxotrophic mutants at a locus close to the bw locus (2-104.5) of Drosophila melanogaster are described. The mutants respond to dietary ribonucleosides (uridine, cytidine, adenosine, guanosine and inosine) but less well to bases or pyrimidine precursors. This phenotype is unique to these mutants. We suggest that the mutants are defective in phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis. PMID- 822280 TI - Isolation of a DNA-protein complex containing a single DNA fragment which is at or near the replication origin of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. AB - A chromosomal fragment containing purA, the nearest marker from the replication origin of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome, was highly purified as a complex containing at least proteins and being solubilized easily during cell lysis. The complex had a markedly higher sedimentation rate (70-120S) than the bulk of the solubilized DNA (40S). The electron microscopic observation showed the complex to be an aggregate of several DNA molecules with a local structure containing amorphous materials which stained black and bushes of RNA. This confirmed biochemical evidences suggesting that the complex is an intermolecular aggregate of the purA-DNA-protein-RNA complex. PMID- 822281 TI - Particular small size RNA and RNA fragments from different origins as tumor inducing agents in Datura stramonium. AB - Particular RNA fragments obtained by action of pancreatic ribonuclease on purified RNAs originating from species totally unrelated to Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Escherichia coli, rabbit, monkey) are capable of inducing the formation of transplantable tumorous tissue when introduced at wounded sites in inverted stems of Datura stramonium maintained under axenic conditions on a medium containing auxin and kinetin. Reovirus RNA and a small size RNA (5-6S) isolated from RNA bound RNA directed DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli also induced the appearance of tumorous tissues which grow on solid synthetic medium in the absence of auxin and kinetin. PMID- 822282 TI - [Switch in the synthesis of IgM--IgG antibodies. I. Ratio of allelic variants of light rat immunoglobulin chains in antilactoside antibodies of different classes]. AB - Ratio of allelic variants was studied of the rat immunoglobulin light chains in IgM and IgG fractions of anti-lactoside antibodies isolated from the sera of immune heterozygous rats (WAGXMSU)F1 and (AugustXMSU)F1. For MSU rat strain, RL1 allelic variant of light chains is typical whereas WAG and August strains possess the RL2 variant. Anti-lactoside antibodies isolated from sera of F1 rats were separated into high affinity and low affinity fractions. Thereafter each fraction was divided into IgG and IgM classes and each preparation was tested for the content of the molecules of the antibodies with light chains of RL1 and RL2 type. It has been shown that the ratio of allelic variants coincides in IgM and IgG antibody fractions. It follows from this fact that the IgG switch of antibody synthesis may process in the same cell during development of the given population of antibody-producing cells. PMID- 822283 TI - [Editorial: Diphtheria in arrears--alarm to all physicians!]. PMID- 822284 TI - [Cancer control (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluation of Success Figures and Incidence Data: The survival rates of patients with esophageal, bronchail and mammary carcinoma were determined at fixed intervals as specific mean values, including the dependence of the standard deviation on the size of the treatment collectives (n = 50, 100, 1000). In addition to the statistical margin of error, the percentage frequency of bronchial and mammary carcinomas and also of leukemia in childhood was calculated in numerical and age groups. The application is demonstrated with examples. PMID- 822285 TI - [Continuous local application of cytostatics for bronchial carcinoma and mediastinal lymph node metastasisization (author's transl)]. AB - A carcinostatic substance (5-fluorouracil) was instilled into the mediastinal lymph nodes, the pleural cavity or the internal thoracic artery by continuous perfusion before operation on patients with bronchial carcinoma. Degenerative changes could be demonstrated histologically in the cancer cells in the lymph node metastases. This method was also effective for the controlateral lymph node metastases. As a treatment additional to operation, it may improve the chances of survival. PMID- 822286 TI - [Transthoracal and abdominothoracal radical operation for esophageal and cardiac carcinoma. Early results (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to the frequency of esophageal and cardial carcinoma in the local patients of the Taj Institute for Cancer Research in Teheran, the early results following transthoracal-transdiaphragmatic (30 cases) and abdomino-right thoracal (30 cases) radical operations are compared and clinical and radiological criteria given which, from experience, indicate inoperability. In the first series postoperative mortality was 20%, in the second 10%. Non-fatal anastomosis dehiscences were five times more frequent in the first series than in the second. The average stay in hospital was about 50% shorter in the second abdomino-right thoracal operation are due, in the author's opinion, to better visibility, more accurate checking, technical facilitation of the anastomosis and less traumatization. PMID- 822287 TI - [Concomitant depressions in non-psychiatric diseases. Identification and therapy of depressive components]. AB - We introduce the new term "concomitant depression" and define it purely phenomenologically as the simultaneous appearance of a depressive mood and physical disease. Its place within the framework of previously current nomenclatures and classification according to causal principles are discussed. Neurology and internal medicine in particular are greatly confronted with the problem of concomitant depression. The main fields are the cerebral insult, radicular pain syndromes and internal medical conditions which tend to chroncity. The proportion of depressive component amounts to 1/5 to 1/3 of the total number of patients. By means of an anterospectively programmed medical record, we were able to evaluate the concomitant depression quantitatively. Suggestions for rational pharmacotherapy are given. PMID- 822288 TI - [Paroxysmal syndromes in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Paroxysmal syndromes do not occur frequently in the course of multiple sclerosis, but require diagnostic considerations of particular nature. The pathogenesis and clinical aspects of a) cerebral convulsions, b) (usually appearing unilaterally) tonic brain stem seizures, c) narcoleptic attacks, d) hemiballismus, e) acute attacks of vertigo, f) paroxysmal dysarthria, g) trigeminal neuralgia are discussed. PMID- 822289 TI - [Polyacrylic bone cement with added erythromycin and colistin. In vitro studies on bacteriologic activity and diffusion properties]. AB - Erythromycin and colistin are not antagonists and have the property of inhibiting the growth of a large number of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. When they were worked into Chirurgischen Knochenzement Simplex P Radiopaque, the growth of 98% of all anaerobic and aerobic test organisms was inhibited. Separately conducted investigations have shown that each antibiotic can diffuse out of polymerized cement and that the concentration of each antibiotic is far above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 96% of the organisms. Consequently, in our opinion it would be of benefit to test the Chirurgische Knochenzement Simplex P Radiopaque with erythromycin and colistin clinically. PMID- 822290 TI - [Paul Henri Rossier--obituary]. PMID- 822291 TI - [Editorial: Legasthenia]. PMID- 822292 TI - [Stress and electrocardiogram. Telemetric investigations during a stunt flight program (author's transl)]. AB - The excitation process in the electrocardiogram was telemetrically transmitted and recorded during psychic stress of 25 subjects aged between 17 and 56 years with healthy cardiovascular systems, during a standardized stunt flight program. The pulse rate profile showed a clearly marked sinus arrhythmia in the prestart phase and during the flight figures in which no acceleration force is in action, but essentially psychic stress alone. Corresponding to this sinus arrhythmia are distinct changes in amplitude of the P and T waves and the duration of the PQ interval, comparable to a changing sympathetic or vagus ECG. The behavior of the ST segment corresponds to that of ergometric stress, a horizontal or descending lower course was also observed in the younger subjects. In one case a 2:1 parasystole was observed during the change-over phase from higher to lower heart rates. PMID- 822293 TI - [Social demographic data on myocardial infarction patients (author's transl)]. AB - During a follow-up of 1000 patients of the Hohenried Longitudinal Study, data were obtained on the subject of employment. We established the most important results to be: More than 86% of all the patients at the Hohenried Clinic return to some employment after infarction and rehabilitation stay. This is a comparatively high proportion. Certain occupations apparently have a structure of stress and strain which leads to infarction more readily than other occupations. The sometimes necessary change of occupation after infarction is not always for the best. Often one activity with a danger of infarction is exchanged for another. A detailed investigation of burdensome work situations is the first requirement for prevention and rehabilitation measures. PMID- 822294 TI - [The data processing system in the Herford district hospital (author's transl)]. AB - A problem analysis, independent of hardware, showed that the use of a multi computer compound system is the most favorable solution for a general hospital. Together with the Federal Republic and the State of North Rhein-Westphalia, a hospital control system based on small computers by integration of the information flow of autarkic data processing subsystems was developed, and put into service. In this way communication and data management are carried out in one hierarchic high-ranking data processing subsystem, the data processing for medical technology (roentgendiagnosis radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, medical electronics, clinical chemistry laboratory) and administration in autarkic subsystems. PMID- 822296 TI - [Letter: Progress in the therapy of duodenal ulcer. How should one prove it?]. PMID- 822295 TI - [Treatment of sound perception deafness with Danaden retard]. PMID- 822297 TI - [Letter: Villous rectal adenoma with hypotonic dehydratation and the extrarenal uremia]. PMID- 822298 TI - [Letter: Transminases in alcoholic liver damage]. PMID- 822299 TI - [Letter: A new therapy for migraine]. PMID- 822300 TI - [Coronary arteriography in threatened myocardial infarction. Performance and results (author's transl)]. AB - Within 12 months, 315 coronary arteriographies were performed by the Sones technique. There were no deaths. 6 of these patients with impending infarction were investigated as out-patients. Six patients with impending reinfarction were hospitalized before coronary arteriography. Nine patients were transferred to the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the University Hospital of Erlangen within 4-24 hours after the beginning of coronary arteriography. For one patient there was a transfer delay of 48 hours and in a second case 2 months. No problems arose from the geographical separation of both departments and the ambulant catheterization in certain cases. PMID- 822302 TI - [Effects of a fully balanced synthetic diet on physical efficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Nutrition with Biosorbin MCT and Biosorbin forte had no disadvantageous effect in any single case. There are no hidden risks if controlled by suitable tests to see whether the fluid supply is satisfactorily adjusted in the individual case. Subjective assessment from a felling of thirst is unreliable. Clinically and ergospirometrically there is an increase in capacity in almost all groups after taking the diet. This is all the more clear if the simultaneous reduction in body weight is taken into account. A direct effect of the elementary constituents of the diet is clearly recognizable. As a result of being rapidly absorbed and metabolized there are immediately available as energy suppliers and delay the threatening fall in efficiency. In almost all subjects an improvement in respiratory economy was achieved, the body weight approached the ideal weight and the relative efficiency improved. PMID- 822303 TI - [Longtime succeses following reduction diet cures in members of the Bundeswehr]. PMID- 822301 TI - [Effect of cardiac catheter investigations and angiocardiography on enzyme activity in serum (author's transl)]. AB - The serum activities of LDH, alpha-HBDH, CK, GOT and GPT wer investigated in 124 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography or coronary angiography. The determinations were made before and 2, 16 and 40 hours after the investigation. There was no significant influence on the enzyme activities. Lengthy intracardial catheter manipulation, trans-septal puncture and ventriculography may cause transient clinically unimportant increases in activity, especially of CK within normal limits. Distinctly pathological enzyme values were only measured in individual cases of intramyocardial contrast media depots after ventriculogram. PMID- 822304 TI - [The treatment of chronic insulin resistance in adipose diabetics--interruption for a short time of diet and insulin administration (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of chronic insulin resistance in 3 adipose diabetics is reported. The clinical course shows that the actual success of the treatment of resistance depends less on weight reduction than on a short interruption of the insulin therapy and withdrawal of nutriment at the same time. After breaking off nourishment and insulin supply, the efficacy of the insulin therapy could be regained, at least partially, in all patients, and the diabetic metabolic state improved. In addition to the reduction in hyperinsulinism, physical activity and specific effects of diet are also probably important for the success of the treatment. PMID- 822305 TI - [Correlation of blood fluidity and other blood-serum variables]. PMID- 822306 TI - [Smoking ban at the workplace--the order of the hour (author's transl)]. AB - Smoking is by far the most important inhalation noxa at the workplace and is probably to be considered most harmful to the workers generally during working hours. Tobacco smoking at the workplace also endangers the health of non-smokers through passive smoking. From this it is deduced that a general ban on smoking at the workplace is to be considered the order of the hour and as the most important aim of occupational medicine and industrial legislation at the present time. PMID- 822307 TI - [Body exercises and sports]. PMID- 822308 TI - [Editorial: Early diagnosis of rectal and colonic carcinoma]. PMID- 822310 TI - [Recommendations for travel and residence in the tropics (author's transl)]. AB - Increased tourism into tropical countries and the use of German labor forces in such countries make it necessary for doctors to advise emigrants properly. Besides vaccinations and drug prophylaxis, a rational way of life is extraordinarily important in the tropics, skin care, cleanliness, hygienic living, suitable clothing and sports activity are important factors to which attention must be paid. Additional salt is necessary if sweating is profuse. Alcohol should not be drunk before sundown. Examination before setting out for the tropics and after return for lesions and infections which may have appeared during residence in the tropics are urgently recommended. PMID- 822309 TI - [Tourism and risk of infection (author's transl)]. AB - Great streams of tourists flow every year from the Federal Republic to southern countries. The danger of infection with serious tropical diseases such as smallpox, cholera or leprosy is fairly small, statistically speaking. Even exotic parasitoses merit only individual medical interest in the majority of cases. Of greater importance are the cosmopolitan infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid, salmonella enteritis, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitides which are transmitted orally and altogether are imported in no small numbers. The alteration of the mode of living caused by the holiday and frequently a false confidence in the hygienic conditions favor the infection. Almost independent of the behavior of the tourists are the infections produced by insect bites, such as malaria or the leishmaniases, which often end fatally for lack of recognition. Here, a better enlightment of the travelers, the use of prophylactic agents and improvement of diagnosis must be instituted. PMID- 822311 TI - [Travel during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Before a long journey, the healthy pregnant woman should be advised by her doctor after a careful examination. Healthy pregnant women may consider traveling to any destination except tropical and subtropical regions, where a danger of infection with malaria or dysentery exists. Likewise she should not select a country where vaccination with living virus is required on entry. Pregnant women with a high risk (hemorrhages, toxemia of pregnancy, threatening premature birth) should be advised unconditionally against a long journey. PMID- 822312 TI - [European infants and young children in the tropics]. PMID- 822314 TI - [Tuberculosis in developing countries compared to europe (author's transl)]. AB - It is relatively easy to obtain a survey of the tuberculosis situation in the geographically demarcated countries of Europe. On the other hand it is impossible to acquire reliable and representative information on the majority of developing countries. Also the concept of a developing country cannot be accurately defined: the geographical, ethnic and cultural conditions predominating there may be diametrically different. In addition the paper is intended not only to take into account the present tuberculosis situation, but also to say something on the future development of tuberculosis in Europe and the developing countries during the next few years. PMID- 822313 TI - [Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of malaria (author's transl)]. AB - Chloroquine and amodiaquine are demonstrably still the most reliable drugs for the treatment of malaria, except in the south east Asia area, and in parts of south and central America where an altered sensitivity of falciparum plasmodia has been confirmed. The present position of malaria prophylaxis is, unfortunately, anything but satisfactory. But there are already some good preparations which, if correctly used with consideration of all available information, contribute considerably to the prevention of an infection. PMID- 822315 TI - [Tuberculosis in Brazil]. PMID- 822316 TI - Altered adaptation behavior in the elderly (author's transl). AB - Adaptation processes in an acute stress situation were investigated an compared in young and elderly subjects. Insulin hypoglycemia was used to provoke stress. The behavior of the blood sugar after administration of 0.1 U/kg old insulin shows a marked hypoglycemic state after 30 minutes, both in the young and in the older subjects. The rise into the normal range occurs considerably quicker in the young than in the elderly. Adrenaline excretion is distinctly lowered in older people. Measurement of hydrocortisone excretion also shows a lower reaction level and a delayed onset in the elderly. Growth hormone analysis shows a smaller production in advanced age. It is consequently established that adaptation potential decreases in old age. PMID- 822318 TI - [Drug dependence in the animal model. Therapy of the drug withdrawal syndrome using ear electroacupuncture]. PMID- 822317 TI - [Hatred and change of love into hatred from the psychiatric nosological aspect (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological hatred affects belong to the paranoic reactions, paranoic developments and paranoid psychoses. The normal hatred affect helps as a means to the end of removing the object of hatred. The passion of hatred is an affect swinging between a feeling of triumph and a feeling of impotence and the cardinal symptom of a paranoic neurotic development. Hatred becomes monomania when the affect degenerates maniacally (e. g. queruousness) or perversely (e. g. misogyny). In catathymic mania, hatred is projected on to the "pursuer". The metamorphosis of love into hatred is historically and dynamically behind all normal and pathological manifestations of hatred. PMID- 822319 TI - [Operative treatment of lung sequestrations (author's transl)]. AB - In the Surgical Department of the Stadtisches Krankenhaus Munchen-Harlaching, 7 malformations of the lung in the shape of intralobar or extralobar sequestration were found among 1150 lung resections. Preoperative diagnosis caused no difficulty, even when angiography was dispensed with. In two cases a coincidence with other deformities was demonstrated. Deviations from the usual differentiation between intralobar and extralobar sequestration were found repeatedly with regard to location and vascular supply. All the 7 patients affected were cured by resection therapy. PMID- 822321 TI - [Total endoprosthesis of the hip joint. Experience with 931 cases (April 1969 April 1976) in a general surgery department (author's transl)]. AB - The total artificial replacement of the hip joint in dislocated medial fracture of the neck of the femur in elderly people and in coxarthrosis is the standard method today. While there is no better method at the present time for the older patient, loosening and infections in particular compel strict indication and a search for other solutions for younger persons. Taking these criteria into consideration, the operation has proved thoroughly reliable up to the present and it is also worth recommending for use in a suitably experienced general surgery department. In the 6 years, 193 medial fractures of the neck of the femur with sequelae and 704 coxarthroses were operated on and 34 prosthesis exchanges were also undertaken. In medial fracture of the neck of the femur in the elderly as an acute and life-threatening disturbance of function, the mortality was 15%, whereas in coxarthrosis patients it was 0,3%. The early and late complications lie within justifiable limits. PMID- 822320 TI - [Diseases of the small intestine from the surgical aspect (author's transl)]. AB - Among 37,857 operations in a general surgical department (1965-1975), 205 interventions on the small intestine were necessary- enterotomies, oversuturing, amputations and resections. The operations are evaluated with regard to etiology, clinical aspects and operative technique. PMID- 822322 TI - [Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of acute CCI4 poisoning are reported which came for admission in the stage of hepatorenal insufficiency. All three intoxications occurred in the home by inhalation as a result of disregarding the safety precautions. The patients remembered using the noxa only after renewed questioning by the doctors. All three patients were able to be discharged cured after appropriate therapy, including peritoneal or hemodialysis. A disturbance of the capacity for urine concentration could be demonstrated up to 3 years after the exposure, as a last limitation of function. PMID- 822324 TI - [Editorial: When is EEG indicated?]. PMID- 822323 TI - [Neuropsychiatric disorders following phenol poisoning]. PMID- 822326 TI - Spontaneous mutability in Drosophila melanogaster, in natural and laboratory environments. PMID- 822325 TI - Genetic effects of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide. PMID- 822327 TI - Mutator elements in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: the high mutator gene revisited. PMID- 822328 TI - UV-induced mitotic recombination in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 822329 TI - Mutangenicity and toxicity of amitrole. I. Drosophila tests. AB - Amitrole was highly toxic at early larval stages of Drosophila (LD50 is 40 ppm in medium). Toxicity of amitrole was also revealed by prolongation of development time even at 10 ppm. However, no mutagenic effects of amitrole were observed either in the sex chromosome non-disjunction test (females reared on medium containing amitrole at 10 ppm) or in the sex-linked recessive lethal test (males reared on medium containing amitrole at 10 ppm). PMID- 822330 TI - Mutagenicity studies with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and Citrex S-5 in Drosophila. PMID- 822331 TI - The swine-influenza decision. AB - We analyzed the economic aspects of mass immunization against swine-like influenza in 1976-1977, and have used the Delphi technic for estimating the likelihood and characteristics of an epidemic. If an epidemic occurs and no preventive efforts are made, total costs could exceed $6 billion for the whole population and $3 billion for those in the high-risk group. Expected net benefits from immunization vary with (1) the target population, (2) costs of vaccine administration and (3) vaccine acceptance rates. With an epidemic probability of 0.10 and with costs of purchasing and administering the vaccine each estimated at $0.50 per person in the target population, maximum net benefits cannot be obtained by an offer of vaccine to the entire population. Economic considerations do not require limitation of vaccination to high-risk groups. If the program is restricted to adults 25 years of age and over, and if acceptance rates exceed 59 per cent, the program is economically justifiable. PMID- 822332 TI - Letter: Protein-sparing therapy. PMID- 822333 TI - Formation of polyprenol-linked mono- and oligosaccharides in Phaseolus aureus. PMID- 822334 TI - Purification and characterization of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase from rat and goat liver. PMID- 822336 TI - An electrophoretic comparison of the histones of various strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 822337 TI - Initiation of ovalbumin synthesis in chicken oviduct magnum. Transient labeling of the NH2-terminus by methionine. PMID- 822335 TI - Aldonate coupling, a simple procedure for the preparation of carbohydrate-protein conjugates for studies of carbohydrate-binding proteins. PMID- 822338 TI - [Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in the presence of DDT metabolites by reaction gas chromatography]. PMID- 822339 TI - [Studies on lysine availability with Tetrahymena pyriformis as the test organism]. AB - A series of experiments was performed to verify the suitability of the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis (T.P.) for determining the lysine availability of feeds. The multiplication rate was estimated with the aid of organism counting, turbidimetry and reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The volume of T.P. was calculated on the basis of length and breadth measurements, Within higher rates of multiplication, there was connected a tendency towards larger organism volumes. A comparison of the growth tests showed that only turbidimetry is able to reflect, under certain conditions, the efficiency of the test organism in protein synthesis. The values for lysine availability varied widely according to the kind and pretreatment of the feedstuff, but did in no case attain those obtained with animal experiments. T.P. is, therefore, scarcely suited as a test organism for determining the protein quality and amino-acid availability of feedstuffs. PMID- 822340 TI - Induction of male recombination in Drosophila melanogaster by injection of extracts of flies showing male recombination. PMID- 822341 TI - Is the scrapie agent a virus? PMID- 822342 TI - Fossil hominids from the Laetolil Beds. PMID- 822343 TI - Prolactin suppresses release of luteinising hormone during lactation in the monkey. PMID- 822344 TI - Memory phases in Drosophila. PMID- 822345 TI - Social and reproductive correlates of parasite ova emissions by babonns. PMID- 822346 TI - Somatic hybridisation of Penicillium roquefortii with P. chrysogenum after protoplast fusion. PMID- 822347 TI - Identification of phage SP01 proteins coded by regulatory genes 33 and 34. PMID- 822348 TI - Bacteriophage SP01 regulatory proteins directing late gene transcription in vitro. PMID- 822349 TI - Structural order in chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 822350 TI - Similarities and differences in the structure of X and Y chromosome rRNA genes of Drosophila. AB - In Drosophila melanogaster, the rRNA genes (rDNA) are clustered at single sites on two non-homologous chromosomes, the X and Y. Examination of the structure of X and Y rDNAs with restriction endonucleases reveals that the X rDNA contains repeating units not present in the Y. Such observations, as well as genetic evidence, illustrate difficulties with the hypothesis that recombination is the predominant mechanism preserving similarities between these two clusters maintained on different chromosomes. This raises the possibility that selection pressure has a significant role in maintaining the parallel evolution of these two separate but homologous redundant gene clusters. PMID- 822351 TI - An exosporium-like outer layer in Bacillus subtilis spores. PMID- 822352 TI - Hairbulb tyrosinase activity in oculocutaneous albinism. PMID- 822354 TI - Allometry of neonatal size in eutherian mammals. PMID- 822353 TI - 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. AB - The sequence A-A-U-A-A-A is present in six different purified messenger RNA molecules (specifically the alpha-and beta-globulin mRNAs of rabbit and human, the immunoglobulin light chain mRNA of mouse (MOPC 21) and the ovalbumin mRNA of chicken) about 20 residues away from the 3'-terminal poly (A) sequence. In addition, a large selection of the 3' non-coding regions of rabbit and human globulin mRNAs (both the alpha and beta globin mRNAs) are 85% homologous, demonstrating that this region is significantly conserved in evolution. PMID- 822355 TI - Restriction map of 5S RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 822356 TI - Effects of artificial selection on reproductive fitness in Drosophila. PMID- 822357 TI - Sex chromosomes translocation and speciation. PMID- 822358 TI - Localisation of gonadotropin-releasing and thyrotropin-releasing hormones in human brain by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 822359 TI - [Neuronal activity of the cat visual cortex during the sleep--wakefulness cycle]. AB - The changes in background neuronal activity of the visual cortex during the sleep waking cycle were studied in the dark adapted chronic cats. Neither pattern nor frequency of discharges of the investigated cells were significantly different in waking state and paradoxical sleep. The interspike interval histograms and autocorrelograms were used to evaluate the changes in the patterns of cell discharges. Slow sleep differs noticeably from the wakening state and paradoxical sleep due to the burst-pause pattern appearance in cell discharges. PMID- 822360 TI - Some results and prospects of transplacental carcinogenesis studies. AB - Analysis of literary data and the author's findings have shown that the transplacental action of most of the compounds tested in experiments on rats manifested itself by a neurotropic carcinogenic effect. A marked neurotropism in transplacental carcinogenesis in rats is characteristic even for such drugs (e.g. dimethylbenzathracene) that have never induced neurogenic neoplasms in adult animals. To elucidate the relationship between teratogenesis and carcinogenesis the peculiarities of tumor development in brain against the background of malformations induced by combined transplacental treatment by methylnitrosourea (MNU) and ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in rats have been studied. Tumorigenesis was sharply inhibited by administration of ENU (on the 13th day) prior to MNU treatment (on the 15th day). There is reason to believe that the cytotoxic effect of MNU for microephaly results in the death of a considerable part of the cell population already transformed by ENU. In a special series of experiments characteristics of the permeability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the placenta in rats have been specified. PMID- 822361 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of IgG3-kappa and IgG2-lambda paraproteins in a 12-year old girl with malignant reticulosis. AB - Transient occurrence of IgG3-kappa and IgG2-lambda paraproteins in a 12-year-old girl with malignant reticulosis is reported. These paraproteins were demonstrated in a total amount of 3.4 g/100 ml after termination of cytostatic treatment; they disappeared after another 2 months. PMID- 822362 TI - [Is epilepsia partialis continua (Kozhevnikov) a homogeneous syndrome?]. PMID- 822363 TI - [Epileptic seizures with psychomotor symptoms and generalized spike-wave pattern]. PMID- 822364 TI - [Management of schizophrenic patients outside the hospital: results of research and basic principles]. PMID- 822365 TI - [Long-term course of schizophrenic psychoses. Joint results of two studies]. PMID- 822366 TI - [The problems of relatives of patients with chronic mental disorders]. PMID- 822367 TI - [Experimental study of the cerebrovascular effects of sodium nitroprusside in the baboon Papio papio. Its action on the experimental vasospasm]. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been suggested as hypotensive agent in the surgery of cerebral aneurysms. As a preliminary step to neurosurgery, a study of its cerebro-vascular and EEG action had been carried out in 42 papio-papio baboons. On the unanaesthetized analgesic-free animal, doses below 20 mumg/kg/min. induce only a moderate decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), a slight rise of intracranial pressure (ICP) and a neat fall of cerebro-vascular resistance (CVR) without EEG modifications. Doses above 50 mumg/kg/min. induce a neat fall of MABP with a rise of cerebral blood flow (CBF), of ICP and signs of poisoning with metabolic acidosis and prolonged EEG disturbances. Beyond 90 mumg/kg/min. irreversible hypotension occured accompanied by metabolic acidosis and progressive abolition of cerebral electrogenesis. The hypotensive action of SNP is potentiated by neuroleptanalgesic drugs (phenoperidine and dehydrobenzoperidol). Using this combination marked hypotension was achieved with non toxic doses of SNP (6 to 10 mumg/kg/min.). During those hypotensions cerebral auto-regulation was maintained up to a MABP of 50 mmHg. Deeper brief hypotensions up to a MABP of 25 to 45 mmHg induce a 23% fall of CBF (p less than 0, 05) but without major EEG alterations. During experimental arterial spasms induced by injection of blood in the cisterna magna or serotonin infusion, SNP has a vasodilating action. It induces a significant rise of CBF (p less than 0, 01) for doses between 8 and 19 mumg/kg/min. PMID- 822368 TI - Fate of thyrotropin releasing hormone after binding and stimulation of prolactin release by GH3 cells. Evidence for release of unmodified (3H)-TRH. AB - GH3 cells which had been exposed for 30 min to (3H)-TRH and had performed their maximun biological response, i.e. increase of prolactin (PRL) release, retained intracellular radioactivity which consisted of chemically unmodified TRH (greater than or equal to 93%). Such preloaded GH3 cells were found able to spontaneously release into the culture medium a radioactive material (3H)-RM) which was analyzed. The kinetics of binding of (3H)-RM to intact GH3 cells and competition with unlabeled TRH were indistinguishable from (3H-TRH. (3H)-RM was able to stimulate PRL release from GH3 cells. In addition thin layer electrophoresis (TLE) revelaed that 90% of (3H)-RM migrated like TRH reference. All these features strongly suggest that (3H)-RM is identical to (3H)-TRH. PMID- 822370 TI - Intermanual transfer of tactile training in the monkey: the effect of bilateral parieto-prestriate ablations. PMID- 822369 TI - Disruption of temperature discrimination during limbic forebrain stimulation in monkeys. PMID- 822371 TI - Neuropathology of experimental vitamin B12 deficiency in monkeys. AB - We have produced severe vitamin B12 deficiency in rhesus monkeys by feeding them a defined experimental diet under controlled conditions. Five years after institution of the deficient diet, the morphology and counts of peripheral blood and bone marrow are normal. Gross visual impairment appeared in five of the monkeys between 33 and 45 months after the institution of the vitamin B12 deficient diet. Subsequently, in three of the visually impaired animals, a gradually progressive spastic paralysis of their hind limbs developed. Autopsies of six deficient animals showed degeneration of the peripheral visual pathway in all and of white matter in the spinal cord in four. Degeneration of several cranial nerve roots was found in four monkeys and a mild diffuse degeneration of cerebral white matter in four. The lesions in all affected parts of the central nervous system were bilaterally symmetrical and were indistinguishable from those due to B12 deficiency in the human. No abnormalities were found in one B12 supplemented control animal. PMID- 822373 TI - [Poisoning due to copper sulfate, Clinical contribution]. PMID- 822372 TI - Cerebrovascular response to infused noradrenalin and its modification by a catecholamine metabolism blocker. AB - Despite many studies, the cerebrovascular action of infused noradrenalin is still unclear. The study reported here tested the hypothesis that infused noradrenalin is prevented from reaching the adrenoreceptors by being avidly taken up and metabolized in the vascular smooth muscle. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the xenon133 clearance technique in nine baboons before and during blockade of the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase, which is known to be important in inactivation of circulating noradrenalin. The cerebral blood flow responses to noradrenalin infused at 8, 16, and 32 mug per minute were also determined. Responses indicated vasodilatation before but vasoconstriction after blockade, with a significant noradrenalin. It is suggested that the cerebral circulation is normally protected against sympathetic vasoconstriction by the avid uptake and metabolism of noradrenalin in extraneuronal and possibly neuronal sites. PMID- 822374 TI - Adipocyte number and size in hypothalamic obesity induced in weanling mice by gold thioglucose and bipiperidyl mustard. AB - Weanling mice were injected with gold thioglucose or bipiperidyl mustard which have been previously shown to cause obesity associated with ventromedial hypothalamic damage. There was an increase in both adipocyte number and size compared to controls. Several models of obesity are compared and a possible role for the hypothalamus in the regulation of fat stores is discussed. PMID- 822375 TI - [Metabolic study of 3 lipid emulsions used parenteral feedings. I. Exploration in vivo in the minipig]. AB - The metabolism of three fat emulsions (Lipiphysan, Trive 1000, Intralipid) was compared when administered by intravenous route as complete parenteral nutrition in minipigs during 14 days. With Lipiphysan, an important accumulation of glycerides appeared in liver, spleen and lung whereas the phospholipids content of those tissues was unchanged. The three fat emulsions determined an increase of linoleic acid (18:2) percentages in glycerides and phospholipids of several tissues: liver, heart, lung, spleen and kidney. Moreover, at the level of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE) in liver tissue, the three fat emulsions induced a decrease of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20 and C22) percentages. The observed differences in the amount of liver triglycerides between the three fat emulsions seem to be related with the removal mechanisms which appear to be dependent on each fat emulsion. In fact, all tissue lipid analyses showed an increase of 18:2 percentages which agree with an uptake of the different fat emulsions used. The decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids percentages in PE might be due to an inhibition of elongationdesaturation system or a degradation of those fatty acids. PMID- 822376 TI - [Metabolic study of 3 fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition. II. Study by isolated rat liver perfusion]. AB - With a model of isolated rat liver perfusion, the authors study the removal kinetic of three different fat emulsions. In experiments done with Lipiphysan, triglyceride uptake by liver is linear with a rate of 30 mg/h until the 60th minute; after blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), triglyceride uptake is greatly reduced. In standard experiments done with Intralipid and Trive 1000, triglyceride content of the perfusate does not vary significantly; however, the study of free fatty acids removal done before and after liberation of hepatic triglyceride lipase by heparin seems to show that Intralipid triglycerides are slightly hydrolyzed by hepatic triglyceride lipase. The particles of Lipiphysan might be capted directly by RES cells (fast removal), whereas Intralipid might be slightly hydrolyzed (slow removal); Trive 1000 removal appears to be slow and similar to Intralipid. Those results give some explanations on data obtained in vivo in minipigs and agree with a better use of Intralipid and Trive 1000 triglycerides by extrahepatic sites. PMID- 822377 TI - Does dietary fibre deficiency kill? PMID- 822378 TI - The role of the public and private sectors in financing tomorrow's health services. The Sir Ronald Grieve Lecture 1976. PMID- 822379 TI - Hyperalimentation in inflammatory bowel disease. "Surgical" and "nonsurgical" roles. PMID- 822380 TI - The deep lateral muscles of the neck in Macaca cyclopis (Mm. scalenii). PMID- 822381 TI - [Corneal ectaxy and cataract in dysgenesis mesodermalis cornea and iridis (Rieger)]. PMID- 822382 TI - [Laser trabeculopuncture. III Experiments with rhesus monkeys]. AB - Argon-laser trabeculopuncture was carried out on 7 rhesus monkeys. Perforation of the trabecular meshwork was possible with laser impacts of 100 msec, 4,200 mW and a beam diameter of 50 mum. Clinical and histological observations covered an interval of up to 15 weeks after coagulation. They revealed an obliteration of both the trabecular holes and the canal of Schlemm after a few days. Shorter pulse durations and higher energies might be helpful to improve the effectiveness, possibly assisted by a therapy with anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 822384 TI - Fractures of the leg and ankle. PMID- 822383 TI - [Are the regulating mechanisms of occlusal adjustment intervening in the control of condylar cartilage growth? (Experiences with the administration of somatotropic hormone and the resection of the septal cartilage in young rats)]. PMID- 822385 TI - [Radiological aspects of intrauterine intraperitoneal fetal transfusion in a case of severe Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 822386 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of minor motor seizures. PMID- 822387 TI - Neurocutaneous syndromes in children. PMID- 822388 TI - Enhanced fetal erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity by hydrocortisone. AB - The present experiments were undertaken to study the effect of exogenous corticosteroids on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in fetal erythrocytes. Rabbit fetuses from 24 days of gestation to term (31 days) were injected intraperitoneally with either 0.2 ml of 0.9% saline or 2.5 mg hydrocortisone succinate. Nonoperated, noninjected animals served as controls. Carbonic anhydrase activity measured at 24 hr after injection was increased in the saline injected group at all ages studies when compared with the noninjected fetuses. A marked increase (2- to 7-fold) in enzyme activity was demonstrated after steroid injection at 24 but not 48 hr after treatment. An increase in CA activity was also demonstrated after incubating fetal erythrocytes for 2, 4, and 8 hr in the presence of hydrocortisone succinate. It is suggested that low CA activity in infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) may reflect lack of enhancement by steroid. PMID- 822389 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated destruction of human erythrocytes sensitized in ABO and rhesus fetal-maternal incompatibilities. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC) was measured in a 51Cr release assay with antibody-sensitized human red blood cells (RBC) as target cells and nonimmune isologous or autologous mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes (MPBL) as effector cells. ADCMC was readily demonstrable within 6 hr and was independent of exogenous complement (C'). The specificity of the ADCMC reaction was determined by the antiserum employed. Anti-A, anti-B, anti-D, and anti-c sera were all active in ADCMC; the specific lysis was between 35 and 50% with antiserum dilution of 1/1,000, using 10(5) target cells and 10(6) MPBL. Anti C, anti-E, and anti-e sera had no detectable activity. Sephadex column separation suggested that this activity was by antibodies of the IgG class. Cord RBC from infants with RhD fetal-maternal incompatibility were lysed by autologous or isologous MPBL in the absence of exogenous antiserum. ADCMC was between 22% and42% in cases with high direct Coombs' test, but was negative with low direct Coombs' test as in five cases of ABO incompatibility. PMID- 822390 TI - Vitamin A delivery in total parenteral nutrition solution. AB - Vitamin A delivery was studied in total parenteral nutrition as used for neonates. Although the data show that the patient receives more vitamin A than dictated by known needs or advised intakes, delivery to the patient is roughly one third of that which would be predicted from the initial intravenous solution composition. Adsorption of the vitamin to the chamber and tubing is the major factor in decreasing vitamin A administration to the patient. When evaluating nutrition techniques, documentation of nutrient delivery to the patient is essential. PMID- 822391 TI - [Hemolytic anemia and typho-paratyphoid infection]. PMID- 822392 TI - How monkeys acquire a new way of seeing. AB - In an experiment on perceptual learning, monkeys were given the opportunity to watch on television the "private behaviour" of another monkey (which did not know it was being watched.) The subjects were shown monkey X for twenty sessions in a row, followed by monkey Y for twenty sessions, followed by monkey X again fro twenty sessions. The subjects' "interest" in the stimulus monkey remained roughly level within each block of twenty sessions, but increased in a step-like way at the changeover from X to Y, and again from Y to X. These results are interpreted as evidence that the subjects gained little or no extra insight into the nature of private behaviour through watching the same monkey in successive sessions; the critical factor in their perceptual education was the comparison between one monkey's behaviour and another's. PMID- 822393 TI - The extravascular pool of albumin in the non-diuretic rat kidney estimated by means of radioactive tracers and quantitative immunochemistry. AB - The extravascular pool of albumin in the non-diuretic rat kidney was determined as the difference between total and intravascular albumin pools. The total pool of albumin was determined in two ways in the same kideny: 1. as the distribution volume of rat endogenous albumin measured immunochemically and 2. as the distribution volume of 125I-labelled rat albumin equilibrated for 4 days. The distribution volume of 131I human albumin after 1 min equilibration was taken as a measure of the intravascular pool. Total albumin pool estimated as rat endogenous albumin volume of distribution averaged 13.4, 25.1, and 43.0 mul per 100 mg tissue in cortex, outer and inner medulla, respectively. Similar figures were obtained using 125I-labelled rat albumin. Intravascular pool of albumin in the 3 zones averaged 7.2, 19.7, and 26.8 mul per 100 mg tissue. The calculated extravascular fraction of albumin averaged 0.44, 0.21, and 0.35 for cortex, outer and inner medulla, respectively. PMID- 822394 TI - Anticoagulants for avian and reptilian blood: heparin and EDTA. AB - The effectiveness of EDTA (dipotassium and disodium salts) and heparin as anticoagulants for the blood of puffadders and pigeons has been investigated. In the case of the snakes all three substances produced haemolysis after variable time intervals, and increases in cell volume were observed. In the case of the pigeons, samples stored at 4 degrees C showed lower haematocrit values and haemolysed sooner than samples stored at room temperature. PMID- 822395 TI - Basic electrical properties of tight epithelia determined with a simple method. AB - A simple method for the routine mounting of epithelia which greatly reduces or eliminates faulty sealing at the edge is described. The values of potential and resistance observed in the frog skin and toad urinary bladder are comparable to those found with more complicated methods designed to minimize edge damage. In agreement with observations in other epithelia, a direct relationship between short circuit and conductance is observed for frog skin and toad urinary bladder, implying that the relationship is a general feature of tight epithelia. Furthermore, the high values of transepithelial resistance imply that the lower limit for the paracellular shunt pathway resistance should be reset upwards. PMID- 822396 TI - Potassium-induced relaxation in isolated cerebral arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - In helically cut strips of canine cerebral arteries exposed to 5.4 mM [K+]o and contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha, the addition of K+ in concentrations ranging from 0.5 - 5 mM caused a dose-related relaxation. The relaxing effect of K+ was potentiated reduced [K+]o and suppressed at reduced [Na+]o. Reduction of Cl- from bathing media failed to alter the effect of K+. Removal of external Ca2+ markedly attenuated the K+-induced relaxation and increase in [Ca2+]o also attenuated the relaxation. Similar relaxation was induced by K+ in cerebral arteries from other species including humans, puppies, cats and rabbits. The addition of K+ also elicited a relaxation in peripheral arteries, including coronary, femoral, mesenteric and renal, contracted with prostaglandin, but this relaxation was markedly less than in cerebral arteries. The content of Na+ in freshly excised cerebral arteries was significantly greater than that of peripheral arteries, while the content of K+ in these arteries was not significantly different. The present study provides further evidence to support the hypothesis that an electrogenic Na+ pump is involved in the genesis of K+ induced relaxation. The Na+ pump does not appear to be fully activated at normal [K+)o of 5.4 mM in cerebral arteries.] PMID- 822398 TI - A rehabilitation programme for long-term psychiatric patients. PMID- 822397 TI - The problem of testing horse kidneys for the presence of antibiotics at meat inspection: how to avoid a false positive reaction. AB - When 33 horse kidneys were tested for the presence of inhibitory substances by the Bacillus subtilis BGA method at pH 8 and the Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 method, 24 were positive and 9 negative. The pH of the seeded M. luteus test medium changed from pH 6.6 before incubation to 8.7 after 24 hours incubation at 30 degrees C. When the same 33 kidneys were tested by the B. subtilis BGA method, medium pH 6, and 15 of them also by the M. luteus method using a medium buffered to pH 6, all were negative. The cadmium concentration of the 33 horse kidneys was found to be 70.17 +/- 81.28 mg/kg wet weight (m +/- s, range 10.40-355.67). The authors attributed the positive results to the presence of cadmium. The diffusion of cadmium from the horse kidney samples to the test media was found to differ at pH 6 and pH 8. It is recommended that the testing of horse kidney samples for the presence of antibiotics and chemoterapeutic substances be done at substrate pH 6 to avoid false positive reactions. PMID- 822399 TI - Total and free thyroxine in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - In 11 patients with compensated and 10 with decompensated liver cirrhosis the following determinations were carried out: total thyroxine serum concentration (T4), triiodothyronine-binding coefficient (T3BC), free thyroxine by the dialysis method (DFT4), free thyroxine index (FT4I) and absolute value of free thyroxine (ADFT4). A statistically significant rise of T3BC, DFT4, ADFT4 and FT4I was observed only in the group of decompensated cirrhosis. It is supposed that these changes develop not as a result of excessive production of thyroid hormones but due to disturbances in the binding capacity of the proteins which bind thyroid hormones and also due to an impaired degradation of these hormones in the liver. PMID- 822400 TI - [Cellular immunity in various parasitic invasions]. PMID- 822401 TI - [Some aspects of rentgenostructural investigation of the myelin membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 822403 TI - Appraising current therapy for breast cancer. 3. Hormonal manipulation and chemotherapy. AB - Hormonal manipulation and chemotherapy used as adjuvants to surgery are aimed at controlling systemic micro-metastases from breast cancer. Primary hormonal manipulation consists of oophorectomy (for premenopausal women) or hormone administration. Hormone receptors, which are sometimes present in tumors, are now being measured and tested for their predictive value as to which tumors will respond to manipulation. Systemic chemotherapy has been used for years, but no drug that is specific against mammary tumors has yet been discovered. New drugs or combinations of older drugs are constantly being tested. To acquire a good data base for future decisions, systemic chemotherapy should be administered and patients followed up according to carefully constructed protocols. PMID- 822402 TI - New drugs in treatment of asthma. AB - Therapy for bronchial asthma should be preventive when possible. Around-the-clock treatment with theophylline is a new way of using an old drug. Beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulators, cromolyn sodium, and steroids in aerosol form are new drugs that are useful in treatment of asthma. The good news with respect to drug treatment of asthma is that in addition to the old reliable medications which have provided good relief-including epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol, aminophylline, and steroids given orally and parenterally-new drugs are available which have been extremely helpful in controlling symptoms in many patients. The bad news is that none of the new agents is a panacea and that many of them have significant undesirable side effects. It is the physician's responsibility to be wary of the new drugs for asthma and to use them appropriately. PMID- 822404 TI - The role of the parasymphathetic nervous system in airways disease. PMID- 822405 TI - Pharmacokinetics of inhaled substances. PMID- 822406 TI - The possible role of thyroid and thyrotrophic hormones in depressive illness. PMID- 822407 TI - Neuropharmacological investigations with two ergot alkaloids, Hydergine and bromocriptine. PMID- 822408 TI - Electroencephalogram and ergot alkaloids. PMID- 822409 TI - [The effects of dihydroergo-corine,-cryptine and-cristine on Haemodynamics in experimental cardiogenic shock]. AB - Experimental results demonstrate, that serial ligatures of the side brances of the anterior descending and circumflex artery in the openchest dog produce a hemodynamic and electrocardiographic criteria fullfilling cardiogrenic shock. The application of the alpha-receptor-blocking agens Hydergin is followed by a statistically significant increase of the mean aortic pressure, the left ventricular systolic pressure and the mean blood flow in the femoral artery. The left ventricular enddiastolic pressure in the left ventricular enddiastolic pressure in the left ventricle decreases statistically not significant, dp/dtmax is unchanged. Hydergin effects a slope of the increased peripheral vascular ristance; if the peripheral vascular risistance is lowered during cardiogenic shock, there will not be a further lowering after treatment. The results show, that Hydergin causes a dilation of peripheral vasoconstricted vessels without unwanted hemodynamic side effects. PMID- 822410 TI - [Neurolept analgesia for the removal of the liver of baboons for extracorporeal haemoperfusion in hepatic coma]. AB - The liver of baboons was removed in neurolept analgesia for the purpose of extracorporeal haemoperfusion in cases of hepatic coma. All livers were functioning. The procedure is described in detail. PMID- 822411 TI - [Anaesthetic problems arising during the surgical correction of scoliosis (harrington chnique]. AB - Anaesthesia for the surgical correction of scoliosis with the Harrington technique carries serious risks on account of the impaired cardiac and pulmonary function, the length of the operation, the area involved and the post-operative problems. Based on the experience gained in 32 young persons who had this operation the anaesthetic procedure for these cases is described: it comprises detailted pre- operative examination of cardiac and pulmonary function, continuous monitoring during the operation, a careful technique that takes into account the massive blood loss and stress associated with the operation, a careful technique that takes into account the massive blood loss and stress associated with the operation and close surveillance during the post-operative stage. Controlled hypotension (60 mm Hg) succeeded in reducing the blood loss during operation to 2,500 ml, compared with 4,500 ml without hypotension. If the pre-0perative examinations have established adequate cardiac function, if surgeon and anaesthetist work in close collaboration and if the heart action, pulse, arterial and venous pressure (catheter) and body temperature are continuously monitored, then controlled hypotension offers a means to reduce the, generally massive, blood loss during the surgical correction of scoliosis. PMID- 822412 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the increasing use of total parenteral alimentation in infants this mode of feeding still presents a number of problems owing to the special nutritional requirements and the pathophysiological peculiarities of infancy. The composition of the alimentation mixtures, the indications for, and techniques and complications of, total parenteral nutrition are reviewed. PMID- 822413 TI - [Pre-operative and post-operative parenteral feeding in infancy (author's transl)]. AB - The fluid, electrolyte and caloric requirements and the necessary intake of protein-building elements are reviewed with special reference to parenteral feeding before, during and after surgical operations. During the pre-operative stage the replacement of lost body fluid arising from gastro-intestinal disturbances in infancy is of major importance. Adequate quantities of electrolytes must also be added to the replacement fluid during the operation; sodium depletion is usually counteracted by administration of bicarbonate buffers. Methods for restoring the blood volume to normal and for approximately estimating the required quantities are described. During the post-operative period, which is characterized by the so-called post-aggression metabolism with increased ergotropy, the caloric requirements are particularly high while glucose utilization is apt to be disturbed. A plan for meeting the caloric requirements under various post-operative conditions is outlined. PMID- 822414 TI - [Problems of long-term parenteral feeding in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Long-term parenteral feeding in childhood must be adapted to the requirements of the young organism. The caloric requirements are mainly provided by glucose and fat emulsions; additional calories can be supplied by xylite and, with some reservations, by fructose. For neonates and young infants the combination and quantity of amino-acids is of particular importance: histidine, arginine, proline and tyrosine are essential amino-acids; glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and cystine should form part of the unspecific sources of nitrogen. Addition of trace elements and vitamins is obligatory in long-term parenteral feeding. Complications may arise at the site of the catheter (sepsis, clotting). Late damage due to intravenous feeding is known to occurs; but a more detailed knowledge needs long-term investigations. PMID- 822416 TI - [Long-term artificial respiration in the treatment of neonatal tetanus (author's transl)]. AB - A case of severe neonatal tetanus is reported which developed seven days after birth. The child was transferred to the intensive care unit where she was artificially ventilated for 25 days via a naso-tracheal catheter. The temperature and humidity of the inspired air were carefully controlled. Muscle relaxants and sedatives were given at 2-4 hours' interval. PMID- 822415 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in infancy (author's transl)]. AB - The indication for, and complications of, parenteral alimentation are reviewed. Many of the problems regarding the proper composition of an alimentation mixture suitable for infants still remain unsolved. Various intravenous routes are described. Total parenteral nutrition requires considerable technical equipment, an expert team and a meticulous technique. Each case presents a fresh problem. PMID- 822417 TI - [Secondary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in coniotuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 822418 TI - [Characteristics of the action of ethambutol in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 822419 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure. AB - Forty patients with a mean age of 56 yrs, all of whom required hemodialysis therapy, for mean of 32 days, were treated with a minimum of 2000 kilocalories of I.V. glucose, potassium orthophosphate with mulit-vitamins and 25 Gm of I.V. albumin. Patients were initially dialyzed daily and then every other day or 3 times/wk. Complications including pneumonia, GI bleeding, gram negative septicemia, shock, the need for tracheostomy and ventialtory assist were high. Overall survival rate was 33%. This survival rate we beleive to be high considering the complicated type of illness these patients had as well as our clinical experience prior to the use of total parenteral nutrition in the manner described in this report. Essential L-amino acids were not used based on our experience in 3 patients with hepatic and renal failure who developed worsening neurological findings with the use of this substance. We believe further that I.V. glucose and albumin may be preferred mode of hyperalimentation. PMID- 822420 TI - Partial amino-acid sequence of the precursor of an immunoglobulin light chain containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid. AB - Analyses of amino-acid sequences of the total cell-free products programmed by the mRNA of MOPC-104E gamma light (L)-chain show that over 95% of the products have sequences of a distinct protein that correspond to the L-chain precursor. In this precursor an extra piece is coupled to the NH2-terminus of the mature L chain. Analyses of products labeled with [3H]alanine, [3H]leucine, and [3H]proline demonstrate that the extra piece is composed of at least 18 residues. Analyses of [35S]methione-labeled product indicate that the extra piece may contain an additional NH2-terminal methionine, which is detected in about 10% of the molecules. Partial recovery of the NJ2-terminal methionine (alanine, leucine, and proline are recovered in yields close to theoretical, greater than 95%) suggests that it is the initiator methionine, which is known to be short lived in eukaryotes due to rapid hydrolysis. Thus, the extra piece seems to be 19 residues in length, and it contains one methionine at the NH2-terminus, three alanines at positions 2, 12, and 17, and five leucines at positions 6, 8, 10, 11, and 13. The close gathering of leucine residues, as well as their abundance (26%), suggest that the extra piece would be quite hydrophobic. Hydrophobicity seems to be a general property of the extra piece, since similar clusters of leucine were found in the precursors of 3 KL-chains (Burstein, Y. & Schechter, I. (1976) Biochem. J. 157, 145-151). The NH2-terminus of the mature MOPC-104E gamma L-chain is blocked by pyroglutamic acid. The fact that in the precursor a peptide segment precedes this NH2-terminus establishes that pyroglutamic acid is not the initiator residue for synthesis of the L-chain. Apparently, the pyroglutamic acid is formed by cyclization of glutamic acid or glutamine during cleavage of the extra piece to yield the mature L-chain. PMID- 822421 TI - Determination of molecular weights by fluctuation spectroscopy: application to DNA. AB - A method for determining molecular weights of macromolecules by measuring spontaneous concentration fluctuations is described. The method is absolute, rapid, and requires no shearing forces on the molecules. We have applied this technique to the determination of molecular weight of DNA molecules. The molecular weight values obtained for T2 phage DNA (1.14 X 10(8)) and replicating Escherichia coli DNA (3.9 X 10(9)) agree with previous results. By monitoring individual molecules, an estimate of the molecular weight of nuclei and individual chromosomal DNA molecules of Drosophila melanogaster was obtained. PMID- 822422 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation: a rapid multiparameter analysis. AB - Several parameters of stimulation of individual lymphocytes are measured simultaneously by flow-cytofluorometry after differential staining of cellular DNA and RNA with the metachromatic fluorescent dye acridine orange. The method provides a means of analyzing the progression of stimulated cells through the cell cycle (G1, S and G2 + M), in addition to measuring the accumulation of RNA per cell; the RNA parameter is useful in distinguishing G1 from G0 cells. The multiparameter analysis may be of unique value in discriminating cases where the transcriptional and proliferative responses of lymphocytes to stimulants are not correlated. PMID- 822423 TI - Cytoarchitectonic mapping by microdensitometry. AB - Functional differences among various portions of the cerebral cortex are often correlated with differing cortical layering patterns. Convenient, accurate techniques for scoring layering should therefore prove useful in electrophysiological as well as anatomical investigations. We report the application of a computer-controlled scanning microdensitometer as a means of rapid measurement of optical densities in histological sections of monkey visual cortices, areas 17 and 18. The technique readily permits recognition of the previously defined cortical layers and suggests that still finer consistent layering patterns exist; it provides objective "fingerprints" of cortical regions which facilitate comparisons of structure from area to area and from animal to animal. The procedure should serve also to score the positions of autoradiographic grains, degenerating axonal terminals, and other labeled structures, and to allow the comparison of preparations stained by various techniques. PMID- 822424 TI - Assessment of trace element metabolism in farm animals. PMID- 822425 TI - [Functions of nursing personnel in the realization of health reform]. PMID- 822426 TI - [Psychological problems of the hospitalized child]. PMID- 822427 TI - [The Asili Nido Hospital]. PMID- 822428 TI - [Considerations on current standards of teaching subjects and education in the non-medical health professions]. PMID- 822429 TI - [Indications for psychotherapy and psychoanalysis: the internist's experience]. PMID- 822430 TI - [Current rights of the family]. PMID- 822432 TI - [The biologic availability of glibenclamide in relation to particle size]. PMID- 822431 TI - [The effect of lipophilic emulsifiers on the drug delivery of salves. 1. Consistency characteristics of salves: drug delivery in vitro]. PMID- 822433 TI - [The relationship between structure and tuberculostatic effect in the benzylamine group]. PMID- 822434 TI - Influence of the oral contraceptive, menstranol, on drug-metabolizing enzymes of female rats in thiamin-supplemented and deficiency states. AB - The administration of a diet deficient in thiamin results in elevated hepatic microsomal activity of aniline hydroxylase, ethylmorphone demethylase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 when compared to similar female rats fed diets supplemented with thiamin. Accompanying these differences in enzyme activity are increased concentrations of microsomal docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. Binding of aniline to microsomes from rats fed high levels of thiamin is decreased due to a decrease in cytochrome P-450. On the other hand, the binding of ethylmorphine to P-450 is decreased by feeding high levels of thiamin. The daily administration of mestranol enhanced ethylmorphine and aniline metabolism to a greater extent in rats fed thiamin-rich diet than in rats fed thiamin-deficient diet or laboratory chow. This treatment did not increase cytochrome P-450 cytochrome c reductase or microsomal protein nor does it appear to affect the binding of aniline to cytochrome P-450. Ethylmorphine binding is generally decreased by this treatment. Alterations in the Michaelis constants for these reactions were limited to an increase in the Ks for aniline in pair-fed animals and in the Ks for ethylmorphine in thiamin-deficient rats receiving 1.0 mg mestranol per day. PMID- 822435 TI - Direct fascicular repair and interfascicular nerve grafting of median and ulnar nerves in the rhesus monkey. AB - The authors did direct fascicular suturing and interfasicular nerve graft repairs for gaps in the median and ulnar nerves in rhesus monkeys. They found that the fascicular type of repair, with or without the use of a graft, routinely produced good results in these animals. PMID- 822436 TI - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome as an early allergic reaction to diphenylhydantoin]. AB - The case of a 19-year-old patient is reported who during treatment with phenytoin (5,5-dephenylhydantoin) developed a Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The symptomatology is regarded as an early allergic reaction to phenytoin. The risks involved in using a high inital dose are discussed with reference to this particular case. PMID- 822437 TI - Mammalian scent gland marking and social behavior. PMID- 822439 TI - Comparative autoradiographic and metabolic study of delta8- and delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol in the brain of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. AB - The label distribution in the brain of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus following intravenous application of radioactively labeled delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta8-THC) and delta9-THC is investigated by autoradiographic technique. Accumulations of label are observed in nuclei concerned with motor function, in the optic and acoustic pathways, and a few other structures. Of the two hydroxylated isomeres which were shown to be equally psychoactive the brain concentration of 11-OH-delta9-THC was found to be about 3 times higher as compared with 11-OH-delta8 THC, which may explain why delta9-THC is more potent than delta8-THC. More than 90% of the radioactivity found in the brain can be attributed to the THCs and their 11-hydroxylated isomeres. Polar metabolites are almost completely absent from the brain. PMID- 822438 TI - Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and pentobarbital on a cortical response evoked during conditioning. AB - A surface-negative wave, evoked by tone cues, appeared in monkey post-arcuate cortex as the monkey learned that the cue signaled the availability of reward. This evoked activity was depressed, concomitantly with changes in the animal's behavioral responding, by doses of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) as low as 0.032 mg/kg and of pentobarbital as low as 4 mg/kg. Pentobarbital tended to increase the latency of the evoked wave, an effect not seen with delta9-THC. PMID- 822440 TI - Behavioral effects of amphetamine in a group of rhesus monkeys with lesions of dorsolateral frontal cortex. AB - Four macaques with lesions of dorsolateral frontal cortex and 4 normal monkeys were injected with 1 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Observations of social behaviors and motor activity were conducted over a 1-month period. The results of this experiment show a partial dissociation of effects of amphetamines on behavior of normal and frontally lesioned animals. The frontal monkeys showed a dramatic increase in hyperactivity while normal monkeys showed a variable motor response to the drug. Conspecific social interactions were disrupted by amphetamine in normal as well as lesioned animals. A functional system featuring the caudate nucleus and dorsolateral frontal cortex is presented. In addition, the possible influence of these areas on the balance of behavior modulated by limbic structures is explored. Changes in catecholamine levels are also hypothesized. PMID- 822441 TI - Possible peripheral adrenergic and central dopaminergic influences in memory consolidation. AB - The posttrial i.p. administration of clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) to rats trained on a shuttle avoidance paradigm resulted in lower retention of the task in a retest session carried out 7 days later, compared to animals which received posttrial saline injections. The effect of clonidine was antagonized by either phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg) or phentolamine (10 mg/kg) i.p., and that of haloperidol was antagonized by 4, but not by 0.5 mg/kg of apomorphine i.p. Neither apomorphine, nor phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine had any effect on their own. The data suggest that memory consolidation of two-way avoidance may be influenced by presumably peripheral adrenergic mechanisms and by presumably central dopaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 822442 TI - Acute tolerance to amphetamine in rats. AB - Two groups of rats were given amphetamine intravenously at 5-min intervals (5 or 10 mg/kg/h) for 8 h. Two control groups received saline infusions. On the second day a test dose of 10 mg/kg amphetamine was given to all groups. Body temperature, food intake, and motor behavior were registered every 30 or 60 min. The results showed the development of acute tolerance to the hyperthermic effect within 3-5 h. Tolerance was still visible on the 2nd day. There was also tolerance to the anorectic effect, which was evident on the 2nd day. One element of stereotyped behavior (swaying) also decreased during the amphetamine infusions. PMID- 822443 TI - Altered analgesic responses to morphine in differentially housed mice. PMID- 822444 TI - Effect of oxprenolol on some fear-induced behavioral responses and hyperthermia in rats subjected to inescapable shocks. AB - The effect of oxprenolol (100 mg/kg p.o.) on the development of hyperthermia in a shock enclosure and on exploratory and grooming responses in an exploration box, was investigated in rats subjected to inescapable shocks once daily for 5 days. The hyperthermic response of shocked rats was found to be significantly reduced by oxprenolol treatment. Exploratory behavior, which was suppressed by previous exposure to shocks, was not influenced by oxprenolol. However, under oxprenolol treatment grooming diminished from the first day of the trial onward, both in duration and frequency, as though habituation had occurred. The results are interpreted as evidence of partial effectiveness of oxprenolol in suppressing fear-induced somatic and behavioral manifestations. PMID- 822445 TI - Effects of heroin, alone or in combination with other drugs, on the locomotor activity in two inbred strains of mice. AB - The locomotor activity of C57Bl/6J and DBA/2J mice was studied, under the influences of heroin, amphetamine, strychnine, or ethanol, and of combinations of the opiate with each one of the other drugs. Heroin treatment was followed by the typical "running fit" in the C57 mice, while the DBA strain was unaffected. Amphetamine enhanced the activity in the C57 strain only. The combination of heroin with amphetamine or ethanol increased the locomotor activity only in the DBA strain, while heroin + strychnine exerted a clear stimulating effect on the activity of the C57 mice. The strychnine + heroin mixture was more toxic than heroin alone when the lethal doses (LD50) were determined in the 2 strains. PMID- 822446 TI - [Precipitation and prevention of abstinence in acutely morphinized rats and mice: comparisons between naloxone, naltrexone, and diprenorphine (author's transl)]. AB - Abstinence signs were precipitated in rats by naloxone (1 mg - kg-1 s.c.) injected at various times (from 1.5 to 16 h) after a single dose of morphine hydrochloride (15 or 50 mg - kg-1 s.c.) administered in aqueous solution. Increasing the dose of morphine increased the latency of the phenomena and the duration of the underlying state; "shifts" of signs as described by Blasig et al. (1974) in chronically morphinized rats also occurred when increasing the dose of morphine and the time interval between the injections of morphine and of naloxone. Naltrexone and diprenorphine were also effective. These three antagonists, given before morphine, were able to prevent precipitated abstinence: however, naloxone was almost ineffective when the higher dose of morphine was used and when the time interval was long. In these latter conditions, naltrexone was definitely more effective and longer acting and diprenorphine still more so. The same characteristics were found for the protective action of the three antagonists in acutely morphinized mice and the same order for their potencies in precipitating abstinence in acutely morphinized mice. Like naloxone, naltrexone and diprenorphine facilitated a nociceptive reaction in normal mice. The abstinence signs precipitated in acutely morphinized rats or mice are probably not unmasked excitatory effects of morphine as such effects should have been increased rather than inhibited by previous administration of specific antagonists; they might correspond to potentiated effects of the antagonists themselves. The prevention by specific antagonists of the abstinence syndrome is most simply interpreted by antagonism (direct or indirect) of dependence induction, but other interpretations are not excluded. PMID- 822447 TI - Characteristics of ethanol drinking patterns under schedule-induced polydipsia. AB - Rats were induced to consume concentrations of ethanol between 5% and 10% (w/v) using the schedule-induced polydipsia technique. Although the substitution of ethanol solutions for water disrupted the usual post-pellet pattern of drinking, large amounts of ethanol were consumed and sound-induced convulsions were observed during ethanol withdrawal. In subsequent experiments, other rats chose 5% and sometimes 10% ethanol solutions over water where both water and ethanol were freely available during the first session of exposure to ethanol. Convulsions and wild running behavior could be observed in some of these rats after only 8 days of drinking, even though ethanol was freely available at all times. Use of the schedule-induced polydipsia technique served to bring the rats into early contact with the ethanol, but rats that received the same number of food pellets in a dish rather than by the schedule drank almost as much ethanol as did the rats receiving ethanol by the schedule. Rats with free access to food pellets drank very little ethanol. PMID- 822448 TI - Influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on drug-induced narcosis and hypothermia in rabbits. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administered via the intracerebroventricular (icv) route in doses ranging between 0.1 and 100 mug decreased the duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis in rabbits. Antagonism of narcosis occurred whether TRH was administered before or after the barbiturate. TRH doses above 10 mug produced, in addition, behavioral excitation and hyperthermia. The antagonism of phenobarbital-induced narcosis was not as profound; animals were aroused only for a short period of time, after which the narcotized state returned. However, TRH exerted a prolonged antagonism or reversal of the phenobarbital-induced hypothermia. The central nervous system depression and analgesia produced by morphine were unaffected by TRH, but hypothermia and respiratory depression were reversed. TRH may represent an arousal factor in mammalian brain. PMID- 822450 TI - Fear-dependent variations in continuous avoidance behavior of pigs. I. Lack of effect of diazepam on performance of discriminative fear conditioning. AB - Pigs trained to avoid shocks by crossing a barrier in a shuttle-box according to a continuous avoidance procedure were submitted to a Pavlovian discriminative fear-conditioning procedure in which a tone was always followed by unavoidable shock (CS+) and another tone never followed by shock (CS-). The presentation of the CS+ on a test session in the shuttle-box induced an increase of the response rate while the CS- decreased the performance. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) administered before the test session did not modify the changes in avoidance response to each CS. PMID- 822449 TI - Normalization by antipsychotic drugs of biochemically induced abnormal behavior in rats. AB - Male rats were trained to perform a conditioned avoidance response combined with a successive discrimination in a modified shuttle box. The administration of L Dopa, 100 mg/kg i.p., after inhibition of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, or apomorphine, 2 mg/kg i.p., was found to disrupt the discriminative but not the avoidance behavior. The dopamine receptor antagonist pimozide (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), but not the noradrenaline receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (10 or 20 mg/kg i.p.) completely antagonized the L-Dopa-induced abnormal behavior, indicating sn involvement of central dopamine mechanisms. The present data show that antipsychotic drugs not only inhibit behavior but can also improve behavior in animals with a disturbed function. PMID- 822452 TI - Effects of marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans. AB - Body weight and caloric intake were measured in a group of heavy and casual marihuana users prior to, during and following 21 days of marihuana smoking under research ward conditions. A group of control subjects were studied under identical conditions, but they did not smoke marihuana. Both heavy and casual marihuana users had a significant increase in caloric intake and gained weight during the marihuana smoking period. Heavy and casual users gained an average of 3.7 and 2.8 lbs respectively during the first 5 days of marihuana smoking. In contrast, control subjects gained only a small amount of weight (0.2 lbs) during the same time interval. Water retention did not appear to be a major factor in weight gain by the marihuana users. These findings are in agreement with both anecdotal reports and previous experimental data that marihuana use is associated with increased caloric intake and weight gain. PMID- 822451 TI - Fear-dependent variations in continuous avoidance behavior of pigs. II. Effects of diazepam on acquisition and performance of Pavlovian fear conditioning and plasma corticosteroid levels. AB - Previously acquired continuous avoidance performance of pigs in a shuttle-box was modified by a Pavlovian fear-conditioning procedure. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) given before the Pavlovian conditioning session prevented the increase in corticosteroids and the impairment of performance in the subsequent test session before the presentation of the fear signal. Diazepam given before the Pavlovian conditioning session and/or the test session did not prevent the increase of response to the CS presentation; however, the temporal pattern of increase differed according to the drug condition: the diazepam treatment on the day of the test significantly delayed the peak of responding to the CS; in pigs treated with diazepam on the day of Pavlovian conditioning and with saline on the day of test, the increase of response was diffuse instead of being localized to the CS presentation period. Pigs treated with diazepam both during learning and performance of fear conditioning showed some evidence of performance facilitation. Usual unitary interpretations cannot account for such results which would appear to be the net result of several intermingled effects among which state-dependent learning, acquisition deficit, and performance facilitation seem to be of importance. PMID- 822453 TI - Exploratory response habituation and the attenuating effect of an amphetamine barbiturate mixture. AB - Mutual potentiation between dl-amphetamine (0.75 mg/kg) and amylobarbitone (15.0 mg/kg) can occur, measured as a marked increase in locomotor exploratory responses in the rat (Rushton and Steinberg, 1963). Experiment 1 confirms the potentiation between amphetamine and amylobarbitone, and extends the finding to a distinctly different type of exploratory behaviour (the 'head-poke' response). However, the same amphetamine-barbiturate mixture did not affect the preference for responses rewarded by a light-onset contingency (Expt. 1), and also did not affect the threshold of a response elicited by aversive footshock (Expt. 2). The mixture may facilitate the occurrence of exploratory responses by a direct attenuation of the rate of habituation of the exploratory responses, and not secondarily by altering the reward or aversion of external stimuli, or by changing the animal's level of arousal. PMID- 822454 TI - Modulation of reward and aversion processes in the rat diencephalon by neuroleptics: differential effects of clozapine and haloperidol. AB - The effects of clozapine and haloperidol on self-stimulation in rats were investigated in a shuttle-box that provides concurrent rate-independent indexes of the rewarding and aversive components of intracranial stimulation. The use of two concurrent measures of performance permits the differentiation of specific reward modulation effects from the variety of nonspecific performance decrements that these drugs may produce. Clozapine produced a dose-dependent reduction in reward that could be clearly dissociated from its nonspecific effects. In contrast, the apparent reduction in reward produced by haloperidol could not be dissociated from a nonspecific performance decrement. Consequently, the attenuation of self-stimulation produced by haloperidol does not indicate a direct role for dopamine in modulating reward. It is suggested that the attenuation of reward produced by neuroleptics reflects a reduction in noradrenergic transmission, whereas their nonspecific effects reflect their blockade of dopamine receptors. PMID- 822455 TI - Survey of incidence of and physicians' attitudes toward sexual assault. AB - In a recent pilot project, the number of women treated by private physicians for sexual assault was surveyed, and information was obtained regarding the physicin's knowledge of, and attitudes toward, issues related to sexual assault. The high incidence rates for treatment of rape by private physicians that have been speculated in the literature were not confirmed by the survey results. Sixty seven percent of the 458 physicians responding to the survey reported seeing no rape victims during the study year. Since, however, the proportion of physicians seeing rape victims may show regional variations, this result should not be applied too generally. Ten factual questions about rape were sent to more than 1,000 physicians and given to 258 undergraduate psychology students of both sexes. Both the responding physicians and the students answered approximately 60 percent of the questions correctly (that is, selected the answers that best reflect current understanding about sexual assault). The respondents' attitudes toward sexual assault were inferred from the direction of their responses. Physicians were seen to share attitudes similar to those of the male students, but not of the female students. The female students tended to overestimate the incidence of rape, the physical trauma associated with it, and the timing of its psychological after effects. PMID- 822456 TI - Life crisis as a precursor to child abuse. AB - A number of theories have been proposed on the causation of child abuse, and many of these theories assign some role to stress. Stress is variously conceptualized as a continuous state resulting from poverty, poor housing, and the like, or as an immediate crisis such as an argument or the breakdown of an appliance. An alternate perspective on stress identifies it with life change events which require readjustment in the lifestyle of a person. When an excessive number or magnitude of such life change events occur, the person affected may be said to be in a state of life crisis. Such states of life crisis have been found to be associated with the onset of physical illness and with the occurrence of accidents and injuries. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 35 abusing parents and 35 matched controls who had experienced problems with their children but had not been abusive. The two groups were compared for their life change scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale for the year before their abuse or problems began with their children. The mean score of the nonabusers was 124, which does not indicate a life crisis. For the abusers, the mean score was 234, which indicates a moderate life crisis. These means are significantly different at the .001 level by the t test. The role of symbiosis, an emotiontional attachment in which a person seeks to be taken care of by another person, was also explored. It is argued that abusive parents are competing with each other and with their children for the role of being cared for. This kind of behavior seems to make the person particularly vulnerable to life changes, which in turn produce stress. Support for this view was found in the responses to the questionnaire. Prevention strategies aimed at reducing change and stress might include better provision of crisis-intervention services, measures aimed at reducing unemployment or lack of opportunity, effective health maintenance services, and greater provision of counseling and mental health services. Use of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale in a preventive program of early intervention is also possible. PMID- 822457 TI - Implications of findings from the amniocentesis registry for public policy. PMID- 822458 TI - Rational staffing of hospital nursing services by functional activity budgeting. AB - Nursing services are a costly item in the hospital budget, yet their justification is usually based on precedent and anecdote. Patient classification systems enable quantification of the nursing load on a daily basis. This methodology for determining the size of the nursing staff, however, has not gained widespread use because it tends to formalize existing staffing patterns. At the Johns Hopkins Hospital, physicians and nurses drew up a list of activities that should be performed for patients and that need to be considered in budgeting for nursing services. The largest and most variable components of the nursing workload are the tasks specified by physicians' orders and the nursing care plan. A computerized information system which communicates these orders can also be used to quantify these components of the nursing workload, since standard times to perform these tasks have been documented. The variability of these tasks from day to day and from patient to patient is the source of most of the problems of staffing. Other components of the workload, such as patient education, depend on the nursing program desired and must be added separately. Budget decisions can then be based upon the specific nursing functions which the hospital desires to perform. The technique of functional activity budgeting can also be used for the utilization review of physicians' use of nursing services. PMID- 822459 TI - A study of effectiveness of nursing referrals. PMID- 822460 TI - A survey of nurse associate training programs. AB - A survey of nurse associate training programs in the United States and its territories was made in 1972. Data were obtained by questionnaires mailed to program directors, with mail and telephone followup, for 60 operating programs and 9 programs being planned. The response rate was 79 percent of an estimated 87 programs in existence. The survey data indicated that the "typical" nurse associate training program lasts 4 to 6 months, began instruction in 1971, and is sponsored solely by a university or a 4-year college. The most frequently mentioned sources of financial support are the sponsoring institutions or the National Institutes of Health, or both. The typical program receives about 24 trainee applications a year and can accommodate 16 new students annually; 12 students graduate each year at a cost of about $3,536 per graduate. Most students in nurse associate training are white women who have either a diploma or bachelor's nursing degree. In addition to a substantial amount of nursing experience, they are likely to have a guarantee of employment on graduation. Nurse associates are expected to exercise a significant amount of independent judgment in tasks performed, and they are likely to work with primary care physicians in a wide range of settings, including rural and remote areas. They are likely to perform a variety of tasks and activities, including giving physical examinations, ordering tests and medications (under standing order), instructing, counseling, and monitoring patients, and management of disease. PMID- 822461 TI - Failure to vaccinate children against measles during the second year of life. An analysis of immunization practices in two Tennessee county health departments. AB - In many Tennessee counties, children under the care of health departments have low measles vaccination levels. An immunization survey and a health department record audit of 2-year-olds were undertaken in two counties to determine the reasons for this situation. The results indicated that faulty clinic procedures played a large part in the failure to vaccinate against measles. Nearly half of the unvaccinated 2-year-olds with health department records had been present in the health department clinic at the appropriate age for measles vaccination; the remainder had dropped out of the well-child program before their first birthday. Emphasis on tuberculin skin testing and delay in the administration of the basic series of DTP immunizations correlated with the failure to vaccinate against measles. For more than half of the children who attended the clinic after their first birthday, no reason was recorded for the failure to vaccinate them against measles. Improved clinic procedures could bring measles vaccination levels within the acceptable range. These procedures would include new methods for correcting immunization delinquency, simultaneous tuberculin skin testing and measles vaccination of children without a history of tuberculosis exposure, emphasis on vaccinating at-risk groups, and more convenient vaccination clinic hours. PMID- 822462 TI - A study of child health station referrals to treatment facilities to determine continuity in health services. PMID- 822463 TI - On the decrease in the life expentancy of black males in Michigan. AB - The 1970 census reported that there were slightly more than 1 million nonwhites among Michigan's 8,875,000 residents. Ninety-five percent of these nonwhites are black, and 75 percent live within the city limits of Detroit, compared with 10 percent of the State's white residents. Between 1959-61 and 1969-71, life expectancy at birth increased about 1 year for black and white females, essentially remained unchanged for white males, and decreased more than 3 years for black males. In 1969-71, life expectancy was 61 years for black males, 68 years for white males, 69 years for black females, and 75 years for white females. Much of this growing disparity noted resulted from a dramatic rise in deaths of black males in the 15-44 year age group. Two-thirds of this increase was caused by a major rise in mortality from two causes--accidents and homicides. While death rates for black males decreased for a number of other leading causes, these generally remained higher than similar figures for each of the other three race-sex groups. Given current rates, one of eight black males in Michigan ultimately will die from an accident or from homicide. This probability is 1 of 17 for white males, 1 of 30 for white females, and 1 of 26 for nonwhite females. Homicides reduced the life expectancy of black males by 2.3 years, compared with 0.2 year for white males, less than 0.005 year for white females, and 0.5 year for black females. More than three-quarters of all homicides of black males in Michigan in 1973 were caused by handguns. PMID- 822464 TI - Principles and effects of mass screening: Danish experience in tuberculosis screening. PMID- 822465 TI - The SANEPID Service in the USSR. PMID- 822466 TI - Health manpower for rural primary care. Problems and potentials in relating medical education to rural needs, as illustrated by recent attempts in Wyoming and in Central Africa. PMID- 822468 TI - The adolescent--the gynecologist's dilemma. PMID- 822467 TI - Interprofessional conferences as an aid to health care. PMID- 822469 TI - Oswego County revisited. PMID- 822470 TI - Prevalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis on the Island of Oahu. AB - Sporadic occurrences of human leptospirosis in recent years throughout the State of Hawaii have resulted in at least one death. Because of the apparent association of rodents and possibly mongooses with human leptospiral infections, a survey for leptospirosis was conducted among rodents as well as mongooses on Oahu. No such work had been recorded since a survey of rodents and mongooses for leptospirosis 31 years ago. In the current work, the prevalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis in the districts of Oahu was determined by the kidney culture method. A serologic study of the rodents and mongooses subjected to kidney culturing was also conducted by use of the microscopic slide agglutination test. There were 1.2 times as many kidney culture results that were positive as serologic results. High prevalence of rodent leptospirosis were found where there was considerable rainfall or fresh surface water such as from streams. The overall leptospirosis prevalence for rodents was 23.4 percent, and for mongooses it was 23.0 percent. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) had the highest infection rate, 33.3 percent, and the predominant (72.2 percent) organism in these infections was Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, which causes Weil's disease in man. Observations of rodent leptospirosis recorded 31 years ago were compared with results of the current study. The mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) is the preeminent carrier of Leptospira sejroe, a serotype that generally causes a mild form of leptospirosis in man. PMID- 822471 TI - The Health Officer, February 1939: "Dr." Franklin, by Robert D. Wright. PMID- 822472 TI - [Waldenstrom's syndrome and chromosome aberrations]. AB - The AA. present a case of Waldenstrom syndrome with chromosomic alterations. The cytogenetic study demonstrated that 3% of metaphases are represented by maps with 47 chromosomes for a supernumerary sub-metacentric chromosome like the A-3 group. On 12% of euploid maps they found similary the sub-metacentric chromosome a-3 group like (chromosome MG) and, at the same time, the lack of an element of the 18-group. PMID- 822473 TI - [The metabolic basis of generalized skeletal dysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous control systems are involved in the growth and differentiation of chondro-osseous tissue. Theoretically, the failure of each single step will result in a peculiar skeletal dysplasia. The resulting disorders are caused by errors in the metabolism of collagen, minerals, complex carbohydrates and the protein of the ground substance. Skeletal dysplasias with a known or probable metabolic base include osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoectasia with macrocranium, Menkes syndrome, the mucopolysaccharidoses and hypophosphatasia. PMID- 822474 TI - Changes in cerebral blood volume and vascular mean transit time during induced cerebral seizures. AB - The relationship of the mean transit time of the vascular indicator C15O-labeled hemoglobin (tco) and the cerebral blood volume (CBV) as measured by stimulated x ray fluorescence, to the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was examined in rhesus monkeys before and during experiment cerebral seizures. The results demonstrate a marked increase in CBV and a decrease in tco. A substantial portion of these changes is the passive accompaniment of the associated increase in MABP. PMID- 822475 TI - Diverticulum of the female urethra. The value of the post-void bladder film during excretory urography. AB - A simple technique utilizing the post-void film of the bladder during excretory urography is proposed for the diagnosis of female urethral diverticula. This technique provides for the diagnosis of this lesion in patients without clinical manifestations who would not normally undergo cystourethroscopy, retrograde urethrography, or voiding cystourethrography. PMID- 822476 TI - Studies on the three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins. PMID- 822477 TI - Role of hydroxyl radical scavengers dimethyl sulfoxide, alcohols and methional in the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. AB - Prostaglandin biosynthesis from eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid in microsomes from bovine seminal vesicles is inhibited by relatively high concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers: dimethyl sulfoxide, n- and t-butanol, and methional. Methional is a more effective scavenger than t-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, two compounds which are more miscible with water than methional. The synthesis of both PGE and PGF is inhibited with incubation systems that promote PGE formation and with incubation systems that promote PGF formation. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfoxide and methional inhibit arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, a reaction involving endoperoxide biosynthesis. The water soluble alcohol, ethanol, stimulates PGF biosynthesis when it is added in the same concentration range as t butanol. Thus hydroxyl radical scavengers inhibit biosynthesis when their effective concentrations are high and stimulate biosynthesis when their effective concentrations are low. The results of this study and other studies where low concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers stimulate both prostaglandin biosynthesis and lipid peroxidation are consistent with a mechanism involving the hydroxyl radical both in the generation of singlet oxygen and the elimination of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 822478 TI - Estrogen-induced luteolysis in the rhesus monkey: reversal with indomethacin. AB - Normally cycling Rhesus monkeys were treated with diethylstilbestrol (25 mg/day) alone or in combination with indomethacin (25 mg/day) for five consecutive days beginning in the early luteal and mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Blood specimens were obtained daily to monitor corpus luteum function (progesterone), and the length of each menstrual cycle was recorded. Diethylstilbestrol alone cause premature luteolysis as indicated by decreasing plasma progesterone and shortened menstrual cycle, and indomethacin effectively blocked the luteolytic action of diethylstilbestrol. These results suggest that the probable mechanism of diethylstilbestrol action in causing luteolysis is mediated via the prostaglandins. PMID- 822479 TI - Amine-responsive adenylate cyclase activity from brain: comparisons between rat and rhesus monkey and demonstration of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in monkey neocortex. AB - The effects of biogenic amines on adenylate cyclase from rhesus monkey brain have been surveyed. Dopamine-responsive cyclase activity was found throughout the subcortical limbic area and limbic cortex, as well as in the sensorimotor cortex, where stimulation by dopamine was blocked by fluphenazine. Cyclase activity from caudate nucleus in rat and rhesus monkey was very similar in relative responsiveness to stimulation by dopamine and norepinephrine. Some response of the enzyme from cingulate and sensorimotor cortex to isoproterenol was observed. The inhibition by fluphenazine of dopamine-responsive cyclase activity from sensorimotor cortex raises the possibility of a cerebrocortical locus of action for antipsychotic agents. PMID- 822480 TI - Behavioral changes in a juvenile primate social colony with chronic administration of d-amphetamine. AB - Three selected members of a stable juvenile primate social colony of six, peer raised, one-year old Stumptail macaques received 0.5 mq/kg of d-amphetamine sulfate daily for four weeks. Amphetamine significantly reduced play activity to a minimum in the treated monkeys throughout the treatment period. These animals preferred huddling with eyes open, although no sedation was apparent. As the treatment period progressed, stereotyped behavior developed, rising significantly during the final week of treatment. This model may be useful in studying the seemingly "paradoxical" quietening effect of amphetamine in children. PMID- 822481 TI - [Koch's bacillus in the blood and muscle of tuberculous cattle]. PMID- 822482 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone: distribution and effects in the central nervous system. PMID- 822483 TI - Metabolic reduction of naltrexone II. In vitro studies using liver from guinea pig, monkey and rat. AB - Naltrexone was incubated with the 9000 X g supernatant of guinea pig liver in the presence of an NADPH-generating system to determine the relative amounts of the 6 keto reduction products, alpha- and beta-naltrexol, formed in vitro. After a 0.5 2 hour period both alpha- and beta-naltrexol were formed as detected by electron capture gas chromatography of pentafluoropropionic anhydride-derivatized extracts of the incubation mixture. The identity of alpha-naltrexol was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectra, as well as by mixed melting point determination. The percentage of natrexol found as the alpha-epimer ranged from 36-81% and was concentration-dependent at substrate concentrations ranging from 0.0007-0.1 mM. The hepatic enzyme(s) responsible for the reduction of naltrexone were localized in the 105,000 X g supernatant fraction of guinea pig liver. In contrast to results obtained for the reduction of naltrexone using guinea pig liver, the 9000 X g and 105,000 X g supernatant fractions of monkey liver appeared to reduce naltrexone almost exclusively to beta-naltrexol. The 9000 X g supernatant of rat liver was less active than similar preparations from guinea pig or monkey liver; only a small amount of beta-naltrexol and no detectable alpha-naltrexol was formed after two hours of incubation. Incubation of the naltrexone metabolites, alpha- or beta-naltrexol, with the 9000 X g supernatant of guinea pig liver and incubation of alpha-naltrexol with guinea pig kidney slices yielded no evidence of interconversion of these metabolites. PMID- 822484 TI - Biliary metabolites of 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the rat. AB - Biliary metabolites of rats receiving 3H labeled 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, a component of commercial polychlorinated bipheyl (PCB) mixtures include 3-OH 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and a dihydrodiol tentatively identified as trans 3,4-dihydrodihydroxy-2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Metabolism of PCBs in the rat probably occurs in part through an arene oxide intermediate. PMID- 822485 TI - Effect of levamisole on the synthesis of macromolecules in log phase and synchronized cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis, GL. AB - The effects of levamisole on log phase and synchronized cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain GL, have been examined. At a dose of 100 mug/ml, DNA, RNA and protein syntheses were inhibited by 38%, 27% and 19%, respectively, in log phase cells, and by 21%, 50% and 47%, respectively, in synchronized cells. Lipid synthesis was only slightly inhibited (15%) at this same dose in synchronized cells. Results suggest that levamisole may act by directly inhibiting nucleic acid syntheses and the inhibition of protein synthesis may be secondary to this effect. PMID- 822486 TI - Cerebral protection by anaesthetics during ischaemia: (a review). PMID- 822487 TI - [The lymphocyte nucleologram in children]. PMID- 822488 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin concentration in newborn infants with perinatal distress]. PMID- 822490 TI - [Epidemiological study of the increase in frequency of chronic non-specific respiratory diseases in children, under the influence of urban atmospheric pollution]. PMID- 822489 TI - [Value of serum magnesium determinations in certain cases of neonatal jaundice]. PMID- 822491 TI - [Some clinical details concerning the relations between asthma and tuberculosis]. PMID- 822493 TI - [Hemolytic anemias in the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 822492 TI - [Development of buccal microbiocenosis]. PMID- 822494 TI - [Epilepsy as a revealing symptom in cerebral tumors in children]. PMID- 822495 TI - [Erythrocyte enzyme activity in iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 822496 TI - [The Holtermuller-Wiedemann syndrome (observations on 2 cases)]. PMID- 822497 TI - [Total parenteral feeding as an indispensable therapeutic factor in some severe forms of infantile dysentery]. PMID- 822498 TI - [Primary hemostasis anomalies after administration of some anti-inflammatory drugs in children]. PMID- 822499 TI - [Dr. Alfred D. Rusescu]. PMID- 822500 TI - [Acute articular rheumatism (AAR) after streptococcal infections (post streptococcic acute rheumatic disease)]. PMID- 822501 TI - Pituitary TSH response to TRH: interrelationships with gonadal activity. AB - A TSH radioimmunoassay is described, which was used to investigate the behaviour of the TSH pituitary response (as measured by the secretory area) to TRH in groups of subjects of both sexes and different phases of gonadal activity. It is concluded that the TSH pituitary response is in no way affected by physiological variations in the plasma gonadal hormones. This independent behaviour of the TSH response, uninfluenced by gonadal activity, was apparently confirmed by the results in some pathological conditions (ovarian agenesis and primary male hypogonadism of various types) characterized by very low plasma levels of gonadal hormones. PMID- 822502 TI - [Experience with e new water soluble contrast medium for lumbar myelography (author's transl)]. AB - Meglumin-Iodrinat has been synthesized as the contrasting part of Myelografin by Schering AG. and tested for lumbar Myelography in animal experiments. The excellent neural and general compatibility justified a first clinical trial. 200 patients were examined, 100 each with following upright or lying down positions. There were no local symptoms, no signs of spinal or cerebral irritation. This is seen to be the main advantage compared with drugs used so far. Intensity of contrast corresponded with that of Conray 60 and Dimer X. The most common complaints like headache and nausea were interpreted as CSF hypotension and can be clearly reduced by lying down. Also the concentration of the contrastmedium diminishes more rapidly with the patient lying down. PMID- 822503 TI - [Endocrinology in 1976]. PMID- 822504 TI - The test of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes in lymphocytoses. AB - The test of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was used to estimate the rosette forming lymphocytes (RFL) in the peripheral blood from normal subjects and from patients with various lymphocytoses. The test was performed in 65 patients with: chronic leukemia (CLL), lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism and pertussis as well as in 25 normal controls. The percentage of RFL was constantly and significantly low in all the cases of CLL. However, in absolute values the RFL count was found within normal limits or increased. Trying to establish a correlation between the number of T lymphocytes and the clinical forms of disease (aggressive and non-aggressive) on the one hand, and on the other hand to find the effect of cytostatic therapy, on this lymphocytic population, we observed that in the aggressive form the absolute values of RFL were obviously increased as compared with the other form and that cytostatic therapy reduced the number of RFL. The cellular immune deficit in CLL is discussed as well as the clinical utility of the rosette test with sheep erythrocytes for the estimation of the immune status in patients with malignant or reactive lymphoproliferations. PMID- 822505 TI - [Multiple neurofibromatosis, Von Recklinghausen's disease. Facial location]. PMID- 822506 TI - [Effect of a lyophilized bone marrow-bone homotransplant on bone regeneration in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 822507 TI - Individual determination of glomerular filtration rate from plasma creatinine. AB - A method for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the individual patient from plasma creatinine concentration only is presented. By this method the urinary excretion rate of creatinine (u) in the individual patient is determined indirectly from a simultaneous determination of GFR (measured without urine collection from the total [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance) and plasma concentration of creatinine (p) according to the equation u =p(0.968GFR + 4.11), in which the expression in parentheses corresponds to the regression of endogenous creatinine clearance on GFR as determined in 67 patients, covering a wide range of renal function. Hereafter (as long as u is constant), GFR in the individual patient is calculated solely from any new determination of p according to the equation GFR = (u/p-4.11)/0.968. The reliability of the method was confirmed by the finding of a close correspondence between the values of calculated GFR and measured GFR in 6 patients with rapid changes in renal function and in 14 patients investigated twice with a time interval of 5-18 months. The practical application of the method by a nomogram is presented elsewhere in this issue of the journal. PMID- 822508 TI - Differential cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes on allogeneic and xenogeneic target cells. IV. Competitive inhibition of target cell lysis by addition of unlabeled cells. AB - A competitive inhibition assay was used to define the specificity of the in vitro cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes. Human and mouse effector cells were produced by prestimulation with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or purified protein derivative for several days. The addition of increasing numbers of unlabeled Chang cells to a fixed number of stimulated human lymphocytes and 51Cr labeled Chang cells gradually decreased chromium release. Admixture of unlabeled human bladder tumor cells, lung cells, or monkey kidney cells had a similar effect, whereas mouse L cells were not inhibitory. The reverse was found to be true when stimulated mouse lymphocytes and 51Cr-labeled mouse L cells were incubated. In this case, the addition of unlabeled L or rat tumor cells effectively inhibited 51Cr release, whereas human or monkey cells were less inhibitory. Both human and mouse cells inhibited the cytotoxicity of human effector lymphocytes towards mouse L cells. The cytotoxic effects of mouse lymphocytes on human cells were also decreased by addition of unlabeled human, monkey, or mouse cells, but in this case human cells were most inhibitory. The results indicate that activated lymphocytes recognize several surface structures on the target cells. Some of these structures may be shared by cells of different species origin, whereas others seem to be unique for cells from phylogenetically closely related species. PMID- 822509 TI - Polyclonal human antibodies to IgG (rheumatoid factors) which cross-react with cell nuclei. AB - Antibodies to human IgG (rheumatoid factors (RF) from serum Han resembled the 'intermediate' complexes of sera from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These RF were isolated from heat-inactivated serum by affinity chromatography on agarose-coupled human IgG. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that the isolated RF cross-reacted with cell nuclei from many species. Virtually all the antinuclear factor (ANF) activity of this serum was extracted by IgG-agarose. Alternative explanations of this phenomenon, such as nonspecific binding of a separate population of ANF, binding of ANF to the immunosorbent via an IgG RF-IgG ANF immune complex, or presence of nuclear antigens on the immunosorbent, were ruled out. The cross-reacting antibodies possessed both kappa and lambda light chains and predominantly gamma and some mu heavy chains, indicating that they were of polyclonal origin. The antinuclear activity was present in the F(ab')2 fragments. The interpretation of this strange cross-reaction is briefly discussed. PMID- 822510 TI - New aspects of occupational health services in small workplaces in Finland. A review. PMID- 822511 TI - [Studies on the rim closure in composite resins in vivo]. AB - On 2 monkeys, adhesive fillings with Concise, using the Enamel Bond technique were made on 8 permanent and 12 deciduous teeth. A clinical check about 1 year later showed good results in the permanent dentition while the results in deciduous teeth were varied (loss of substance, pigmentations). The examination of marginal fit by aniline blue and a vacuum technique showed that in permanent teeth, 87.5% were impermeable, in deciduous teeth only 25%. Examination in the REM showed a perfect adaptation of the filling material to the enamel at the margins, while cohesion fractures were found within the material. The surface of the material was found to be rough after functional use. The bad results in deciduous teeth is explained by the thinness of the enamel in the experimental animal and by its parafunctioning. It is deduced that adhesive fillings are stable and impermeable after 1 year, provided there is no functional abrasion possible. The results should be confirmed by further, longerlasting experiments PMID- 822512 TI - [Tissue reaction to an implant of a titanium hollow cylinder with a titanium surface spray layer]. AB - A new implant consisting of a hollow cylinder of titanium is described. It is well suited to investigate the tissue reaction to several surface textures in the animal experiment (Macaca speciosa). From a test series, for which the implants were surfaced with powdered titan (titan plasma), one was selected which had been worn for 7 months as a partial support. The solid incorporation observed radiologically presents itself, light microscopically, as an immediate growing in of the bone into the rough implant surface. There is no evidence of the formation of a soft tissue bed. Electron microscope pictures reveal that the bone closely anchored to the titan plasma surface. PMID- 822513 TI - [Histological studies on cow udders after treatment with an udder protective agent]. PMID- 822514 TI - Inherited metabolic diseases of the nervous system. AB - This overview was designed primarily to provide examples of hereditary metabolic disorders that result in nervous system dysfunction. Some of the more frequently encountered pathological conditions were selected in order to illustrate the mechanisms and the consequences of the metabolic derangements. Therapeutic approaches for the correction of such disorders are discussed where it appears appropriate. In time the precise etiology for those eponymous genetic conditions with stereotyped pathologic and clinical manifestations such as Huntington's chorea (79) and Friedreich's ataxia (80) will be disclosed. It is possible that some forms of epilepsy (81) and perhaps certain psychiatric disturbances (82) will be shown to be inherited metabolic disorders. As our knowledge and skill increase, this logic may eventually be extended to biochemical explanations of variation in individual skills and talents. Certainly innovative extrapolation and novel research directions will be necessary to provide an understanding of these differences. However, it is axiomatic in research that each useful contribution serves largely as a point of departure for further accomplishments. PMID- 822515 TI - Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. AB - These studies provide new insight into the complex mechanisms wherby hyperlipidemia causes progressive atherosclerosis. It has been shown that physical injury to the endothelial lining of arteries sets off a process which probably is an attempt at healing the injury but which can lead to atherosclerosis. It has also been found that chemical agents such as homocystine can produce a similar series of events leading to atherosclerosis. These events include focal loss of endothelium, exposure of subendothelial connective tissue, and adherence of platelets followed by release of factors that stimulate intimal smooth muscle proliferation. The present studies indicate that the effects of chronic hyperlipidemia are complex in that the condition results not only in the deposition of lipids in the atheromatous lesions but that it may produce the primary endothelial injury that initiates the process of atherosclerosis as well. PMID- 822516 TI - [Antigen E variant in the Rh group system]. AB - An E antigen variant of the Rh group system has been described lacking some of the expected reactions of a normally developed E antigen. The new variant was demonstrated to differ from the Ew and Et variants described formerly, and by its lower activity, also from the Eu variant. It may appear as a source of difficulties in medicolegal expertises for the purpose of paternity causes. PMID- 822517 TI - Adult central nervous system leukemia: incidence and clinicopathologic features. AB - Two hundred and seventy-two adults diagnosed between 1949 and 1971 as having acute leukemia were evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-seven patients had died and autopsies were obtained in 202 cases. Central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was demonstrated in 22 of 93 autopsies with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) during the period 1949 through 1966 and 8 of 47 during the period 1967 through 1971. Nine of 45 autopsies on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients diagnosed during 1949 through 1966 had CNS involvement, compared to 7 of 17 during 1967 through 1971. The median time from diagnosis of acute leukemia to CNS manifestations was two months for ANLL and six months for ALL. Headache, papilledema, and cranial nerve palsy were the common findings with meningeal leukemia. Early CNS involvement was observed in patients with high initial leukocyte/blast counts, low platelet counts, and early lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Ten of 13 patients treated between 1967 and 1971 with cranial irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy responded; however, the duration of remission in ALL was short-lived with subsequent relapses at various intervals. In contrast, CNS recurrence in ANLL was rare. The value of CNS prophylactic and maintenance therapy is discussed. PMID- 822518 TI - Current status of treatment of burns. PMID- 822519 TI - Effects of anti-rheumatic drugs on PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and established cell lines. PMID- 822521 TI - [Student nurses in long term care]. PMID- 822520 TI - Protein energy malnutrition in Coloured children in Western Township, Johannesburg. Part 1. The ecological background. AB - One hundred coloured families selected at random from the "old" and "new" areas of Western tpownship in Johannesburg were investigated. The mothers were interview to gain some insight into the "ecology of malnutrition" in this community. The results of this sociological survey revealed rumerous socio economic problems in both areas, but more so in the "old" area. Low earnings and overcrowding were common in the "old" area. In both areas, it was found that breast feeding was not continued for long. Although in both mothers seemed well informed about child-care, striking discrepancies between knowledge and practice were noted. It is suggested that an intergrated programme involving the community and directed toward multiple problems would be more efficacious than a simple nutritional programme in eradicating malnutrition in this community. PMID- 822522 TI - Technique for placement of a permanent home hyperalimentation catheter. PMID- 822523 TI - Neurosurgical aspects in Singapore. PMID- 822524 TI - Presidential address: The cost of health. PMID- 822525 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis--a personal experience. AB - An increasing incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis over a 2 1/2 year period is demonstrated. Following a brief discussion of pathogenic and etiologic factors, 41 cases are reviewed retrospectively. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic diagnostic aids are discussed. Surgical and nonsurgical methods of therapy and their results are presented. In conclusion, guidelines and indications for conservative and operative treatment are outlined. PMID- 822527 TI - [Impressions from a long-term care ward: reeducation is a key word in treatment]. PMID- 822526 TI - Exchange transfusion and major surgery in acute hepatic failure. AB - Of the many techniques available for short-term support of the failing liver, a closed "isovolemic" method of exchange transfusions remains simple and safe. We used this method to exchange 143 U. of blood in eight patients in Stage III/IV hepatic failure; four patients had no previous underlying liver disease. Significant improvements of biochemical and coagulation parameters resulted. Serum bilirubin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and, lactic dehydrogenase levels fell from a mean, 24.7 mg. per 100 ml., 3,100 mU. per milliliter, 2,796 mU. per millilter, respectively, to 10.9 mg. per 100 ml., 122.9 mU. per milliliter, and 558.5 mU. per milliliter, respectively, 6 to 12 hours following transfusion. Prolongation of serum prothrombin and thrombin times (over controls) of 31.1 and 30.1 seconds (mean) were markedly decreased to 3.2 and 6.1 seconds 6 to 12 hours following transfusion; partial thromboplastin times were decreased from a mean 196.4 seconds to 87.8 seconds after the same period. Levels of Factors VII, IX, and X were increased transiently. Correlations of exchange transfusion to reversal of coma and improvements in electroencephalograms were poor. Two patients in coma were subjected to major surgery following exchange transfusion; one patient survived vagotomy and hemigastrectomy for stress bleeding and one withstood a temporary baboon liver heterotopic transplant which aided in recovery from coma. We recommend isovolemic exchange transfusion as specific treatment for coagulation abnormalities and as an over-all aid in lowering the mortality rate of patients in hepatic coma. Marked improvements in homeostasis make major surgery feasible. PMID- 822528 TI - [A long-term care ward's function and task: urinary tract infections are a special area in long-term care]. PMID- 822530 TI - The role of bacteria in the metabolism of rumen entodiniomorphid protozoa. PMID- 822529 TI - Symbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic organelles; criteria for proof. AB - The purpose of a scientific theory is to unite apparently disparate observations into a coherent set of generalizations with predictive power. Historical theories, which necessarily treat complex irreversible events, can never be directly tested. However they certainly can lead to predictions. The 'extreme' version of the serial endosymbiotic theory argues that three classes of eukaryotic organelles had free-living ancestors: mitochondria, basal bodies/flagella/cilia [(9 + 2) homologues] and photosynthetic plastids. Many lines of evidence support this theory and can be interpreted in relation to one another on the basis of this theory. Even if this theory should eventually be proved wrong it has the real advantage of generating a large number of unique experimentally verifiable hypotheses. PMID- 822531 TI - Fibrinogen Detroit - an abnormal fibrinogen with non-functinal NH2-terminal polymerization domain. PMID- 822532 TI - Changes in plasma could-insoluble globulin concentration during experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever infection in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 822533 TI - [Detection of Trichinella spiralis infection in spontaneously infected pigs intended for slaughter using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (author's transl)]. AB - In a study of seventy-seven pigs intended for saughter, from two farms on which Trichinella infections had previously been detected by trichinoscopy, the sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with that of two direct (trichinoscopy and digestion) and three indirect (serological) methods of detection (fluorescent antibody technique, counter-electrophoresis and Ouchterlony's agar gel diffusion method). In five out of seventy-seven pigs, the digestion procedure revealed the presence of larvae of Trichinella spiralis in the diaphragm. Four of these pigs showed a very high degree of infection, whereas one showed a very low degree of infection. Infection was shown to be present in all five infected pigs using the ELISA method, whereas the findings were only positive in the four severely infected pigs when trichinoscopy, the fluorescent antibody technique, counter-electrophoresis and Ouchterlony's method were used. The ELISA was sufficiently sensitive to detect Trichinella infection even in those pigs which showed a low degree of infection. PMID- 822534 TI - The specificity of naturally occurring heterophile antibodies in normal rabbit serum. AB - Rabbit sera used as a complement source contain cytotoxic antibodies which reacted with cultured human cells. This cytotoxic activity can be inhibited by human IgM. The capacity of IgM mu and L chains, and IgM glycopeptides to inhibit these heterospecific antibodies was determined. The inhibitory activity of several monosaccharides, bacterial polysaccharides and blood group substances was also determined. At least some of the heterospecific antibodies in normal rabbit sera are directed against carbohydrate determinants. Mannose, fucose, and bacterial polysaccharides containing mannose as the immunodominant sugar are particularly effective in inhibiting cytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 822535 TI - Responsiveness of growth hormone release in acromegalics after irradiation or hypophysectomy. AB - Effects of X-ray irradiation to the pituitary and transfrontal hypophysectomy were evaluated on the responsiveness of plasma growth hormone (GH) to exogenous stimuli in 8 patients with acromegaly. As exogenous stimuli, arginine, TRH, LH-RH and L-dopa were administered. In 2 out of 3 patients treated with Liniac irradiation, the responsiveness to arginine was essentially unchanged, while in the third patient positive response to arginine disappeared after therapy. Of 2 patients who received a combination of hypophysectomy and Liniac irradiation, the responsiveness to arginine, TRH, LH-RH and L-dopa did not change in 1 patient, but in the other it was observed that negative response to L-dopa became positive after the treatment, remaining the unchanged responsiveness to arginine, TRH, and LH-RH. In 3 hypophysectomized patients, little change in responses to the above 4 stimuli was observed. In summary, out of 22 pairs of responses (pre- and post therapy) examined 20 were not altered. In 11 pairs of responses (pre- and post irradiation) particularly, 10 were essentially unchanged. It might be concluded that the responsiveness of GH to exogenous stimuli in acromegalics would not be affected by irradiation or transfrontal hypophysectomy. PMID- 822536 TI - Some effects on muscle and nerve of crude venom from the gastropod Conus striatus. PMID- 822538 TI - Chagas' disease--a survey of the present position. PMID- 822537 TI - Changes in the vitreous with age. PMID- 822540 TI - Epidemiology of Chagas' disease. PMID- 822539 TI - Chemotherapy of Chagas' disease. PMID- 822541 TI - Letter: Apparent absence of a sex attractant in adult Triatoma infestans (Klug), vector of Chagas' disease. PMID- 822543 TI - Letter: Plasmodium vivax tissue stage in Saguinus geoffroyi. PMID- 822542 TI - Letter: Antibodies to neurons in chronic Chagas' disease. PMID- 822545 TI - Physiological and clinical significance of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain peptides. PMID- 822544 TI - Enzyme immunoassays for parasitic diseases. PMID- 822546 TI - Meningococcal meningitis in the northern savanna of Africa. PMID- 822547 TI - A comparative study of daily followed by twice- or once-weekly regimens of ethambutol and rifampicin in the retreatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: second report. AB - Three hundred and twenty-nine patients with isoniazid-resistant cultures, 66% with radiographically far advanced disease and 86% with cavities, have been treated with rifampicin and ethambutol and followed-up for 2 years after the end of treatment. The drugs were given daily for 12 weeks (600 mg rifampicin and 25 mg/kg ethambutol), thereafter once- or twice-weekly (600 or 1200 mg rifampicin and 50 mg/kg ethambutol) for a total of 12, 18 or 24 months (in the 600 mg group for 12 months only). With both 600 and 1200 mg rifampicin dosage the bacteriological results at the end of a year were similar (5% bacteriologically unfavourable in each group). Prolonging treatment to 18 or 24 months with the 1200 mg rifampicin dose had no effect on the bacteriological results. During the 2 years follow-up period after treatment stopped 6 patients had a bacteriological relapse. Of the 74 with a favourable status after 1 year in the 600 mg rifampicin group 5 (6.7%) relapsed, but only 1 (0.6%) of 168 in the 1200 mg groups treated for 12, 18 or 24 months (the duration of treatment did not appear to be related to relapse). Side-effects were reported more frequently with once-weekly dosage. They were more frequent with 1200 mg rifampicin than with 600 mg and with the former dose more frequent in the groups treated for longer than 1 year. With 12 months treatment with 600 mg rifampicin only 1% of patients had to have the regimen changed; with 1200 mg it was 9% and with this dose for 24 months 20%. With the lower dosage of rifampicin there were fewer failures due to toxicity but more failures due to relapse. Of 82 patients in the 600 mg regimen there were 12% unfavourable results (4 bacteriological failures, 5 relapses and 1 change of treatment for toxicity). Of 78 patients in the 1200 mg regimen there were 13% unfavourable results (3 bacteriological failures, no relapses and 7 changes of treatment for toxicity). PMID- 822548 TI - Study of adverse reactions to a once-weekly regimen of streptomycin plus a slow release preparation of isoniazid in high dosage for six months. AB - A once-weekly regimen of streptomycin (1 g) plus a slow-release preparation of isoniazid (matrix isoniazid) in high dosage, namely 50 mg/kg body-weight for rapid inactivators of isoniazid and 35 mg/kg for slow inactivators, was prescribed for 6 months to 64 tuberculous patients (27 rapid, 37 slow). The regimen was tolerated by most the of the patients. However, 4 rapid and 3 slow inactivators had a modification of the regimen, mainly for giddiness. There were no cases of peripheral neuropathy. No adverse effects on haemopoiesis or hepatic or renal functions were observed in any of the patients. It is concluded that it is feasible to administer matrix isoniazid in dosages considerably higher than ordinary isoniazid, in once-weekly chemotherapy. PMID- 822549 TI - The treatment of tuberculosis of the female genital tract with streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid. AB - An analysis has been made of the results of treatment of 206 patients with tuberculosis of the female genital tract, using a combination of streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid for 18 months or two years. There was no follow-up in 21 cases. One hundred and sixty-six patients (90 per cent of those traced) were judged to be cured after an average period of six years from the end of treatment. In 19 cases (10 per cent) drug treatment failed and operation was employed. The results of surgical treatment under cover of a modified course of the same drug combination were satisfactory. There were no deaths and no major complications. Apart from the low incidence of successful pregnancy, the symptomatic results following drug treatment were generally good. PMID- 822550 TI - [Importance of the body weight curve at Maternal and Infant Care centers]. PMID- 822551 TI - [Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the structures of the rabbit brain limbic system]. AB - The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.41.1.3) is studied in homogenates and subcellular fractions of five limbic structures: regio superior, regio inferior of hippocampus, fascia dentata, septum and corpora mamillaria. The lowest activity of the enzyme is found in regio superior of hippocampus. 80% of the total enzyme activity of primary fractions is found in "crude" mitochondria. After centrifugation of the latter within the linear sucrose density gradient the distribution of the enzume activity is similar for different structures and the highest activity is found in the region of sucrose molarity from 1.44 up to 1.50 M which corresponds to the mitochondria distribution region. 50% of the total found activity is in the fraction enriched by mitochondria, 30% is in the fraction enriched by nerve endings with the high activity of glutamate decarboxylase. It was found for different fractions that 1 mM of ADF with 0.2 mM NAD-H+ produces about 10-fold increase in the enzyme activity. Pyridoxal-5' phosphate inhibits the enzyme from inactivation. The results are discussed in connection with the possible role of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in regulation of the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in vivo. PMID- 822552 TI - [Study of gelatin hydrolysis by Streptomyces griseus protease using the method of N-terminal analysis]. AB - The ariticle deals with gelatin hydrolysis by the crystalline preparation of the Str. griseus protease. 12.1% of 1080 peptide bonds available in 105 g of protein split for 24 h at 40 C. The bonds of 8-9 types which involve N-end of glycine, serine, phenylalanine, threonine, leucine, valine, glutaminic acid, lysine break at once. The process occurs with delay, and 0.25, 0.5, 6 and 24 h after there occurs a breakage of the 42d, 61st, 117th and131st bonds. The middle size of the peptide chain of the initial protein is 604 amino acid residues, in the hydrolyzate 30, 22, 11.6 and 11.3 residues are found within these intervals, respectively. Main changes occur in the fraction of soluble peptides where number of N-terminal amino acids rises from 25 to 80. Some data are obtained on the total specificity of the Str. griseus protease. It splits mostly the bonds which involve the N-end of glycine (51%), alanine 2%), serine (9%). The content of the definite amino acid in gelatin shows that hydrolysis bonds of serine and threonine accounts for 35.2 and 35.6%, valine and leucine for 23.6 and 24.7%, glycine and alanine for 18.8 and 13%, methionine, lysine, glutaminic and asparagic acids for 7-9%; the proline bonds are not splitted at all. An assumption is advanced on the presence of four groups of bonds in gelatin; the rate of their hydrolysis corresponding to the enzyme specificity. The Str. griseus protease splits as free amino acids 10 mol of serine of 35,5, 5.5 mol of leucine of 26.3, 3.6 mol of threonine of 19.8 and only 4 mol of glycine of 363 available in gelatin. PMID- 822553 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of fresh external ankle ligament lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 822554 TI - [Peroneus tendon contracture - an unusual complication following distal fracture of the tibia with ankle joint involvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 822555 TI - [Autonomic thyroid nodules: biologic evaluation before and after excision]. PMID- 822557 TI - Gram-hegative bacillemia. AB - Members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group now appear to be the most common cuase of gram-negative bacillemia, followed in order of frequency by E. coli, Bacteroides, polymicrobic infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and miscellaneous pathogens. However, E coli continues to be the organism most frequently responsilbe for bacteremia arising from the urinary tract. Although the urinary tract remains the most common portal of entry for gram-negative bacillemia, a wide variety of extraurinary lesions have assumed increased importance in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is marked variability in the clinical course and outcome of gram-negative bacillemia. Grade of underlying disease and grade of illness cuased by infection are major determinants of fatal outcome. When the patient with gram-negative bacillemia has severe illness due to infection, prompt and decisive action is necessary to prevent death. Antimicrobiol drugs are administered on the basis of a presumptive etiologic diagnosis after appropriate smears and cultures are obtained, but before the causal organism is definitively identified or its in vitro susceptibility is determined. The presumptive etiologic diagnosis is based upon knowledge of the anatomic location of the infection, the circujstances involved in its development, and certain clinical clues. Knowledge of the antimicrobial drugs most likely to be effective against the suspected pathogen(s) will provide a rational basis for selection of antimicrobial agents until the results of definitive microbiologic studies are available. Using this approach, the mortality of gram-negative bacillemia arising from the urinary tract has been reduced markedly from the mortality reported in earlier years. PMID- 822556 TI - Fluid therapy in children. AB - Fluid therapy in children is based on biochemical and physiologic principles qualitatively and quantitiatively different from adults. The limitations imposed by body size requires greater precision in calculating fluid therapy for children. General methods of computing maintenance and deficit pediatric fluid therapy, and specific fluid therapy involved in treating acute problems associated with genitourinary disorders with be discussed. PMID- 822558 TI - Nutritional therapy of the urologic patient. PMID- 822559 TI - Animal models of human glaucoma. PMID- 822560 TI - Patterns of ischemia in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 822561 TI - Animal models of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 822562 TI - Cone-rod dystrophy in the Guinea baboon. AB - Three stages of macular degeneration associated with diffuse cone-rod dystrophy have been described in a Guinea baboon (P papio) colony. Clinically, the affected animals displayed abnormal behavior associated with decreased vision. Ophthalmoscopically, the lesion in the macula was the only change observable in early cases; retinal vessel attenuation and optic disc pallor were seen only in the advanced cases. The hyperfluorescence of the maculae was the result of loss of pigment in the pigmented epithelium. Electrophysiology supported a cone-rod sequence of this retinal dystrophy. Histologic examination confirmed the theory that the dystrophy began in the cone outer segment but eventually involved all the photoreceptors. PMID- 822563 TI - Marylanders defeat Philadelphia: yellow fever updated. AB - Those strategic points which influence this amateur historian to declare a victory for Baltimore and Maryland over Philadelphia are: I. Based upon clinical and epidemiological data, two Marylanders, Potter and Davidge, were among the first to contest Rush and his contagion theory; they told him so and published their views. To prove this point, Potter went to the extreme of inoculating himself with presumedly infected material. Stubbins Ffirth, a young University of Pennsylvania medical student, did the same four years later. To Rush's credit was ultimate abandonment of his originally held views. II. John Crawford, of Baltimore, although not the originator of the insect concept of transmission of infectious agents, published his concepts in 1811. III. Henry Rose Carter, a Maryland graduate, clearly delineated, in 1898, that after identification of an index case of yellow fever an extrinsic incubation period was necessary before the evolution of secondary cases. IV. James Carroll, another University of Maryland graduate, who worked as Deputy under Walter Reed with Lazear and Agramonte, helped prove Finlay's original concept that the Aedes aegypti mosquito was the natural vector of yellow fever. Carroll himself was the first experimentally induced case. V. Studies in primates provide new approaches for management of yellow fever. Nutritional support and treatment with specific anti viral agents may be useful for therapy of human yellow fever. Maryland members of the Climatological are mindful of Philadelphia's rich medical heritage and of the many battles won in the City of Brotherly Love. Physicians in colonial and early America experienced The best and worst of times, theirs was an age of foolishness and belief, of incredulity and light, of darkness, despair and hope. This tale of two cities ends in peace. PMID- 822565 TI - [Compensatory processes after extensive resections of the intestines in children]. AB - Based on an analysis of 68 intestinal resections in children, it is considered that functional deviations in the digestive tract activity and other systems and organs, observed in the immediate postoperative period and in later terms, necessitate the utilization of parenteral feeding. Therefore, children subjected to the bowel resection should be kept under a dispensary control and checked regularly to conduct prophylactic and therapeutic measures. PMID- 822564 TI - [Radioisotope method of diagnosis of internal hemorrhage]. AB - The authors have developed experimentally and employed clinically a new method of diagnosing a localization of the source of intermittent internal hemorrhage. The method consists in determination of blood congestion sites by radioactive changes measured by external recordings after injection of 2.5 muc per Kg weight of radioactive chromium-51 in sodium chromate in the circulating blood. PMID- 822566 TI - [Erros in diagnosis of esophageal cancer]. AB - The authors' personal observations reported illustrate difficulties in establishing the proper diagnosis of esophageal pseudotumors. From the complex of modern diagnostic methods roentgenological and fibroesophagoscopic methods with subsequent cytologic and histological assay proved to be mostly effective. Taking into account the degree of the risk of pseudotumor lesions due to their possible malignant transformation in negative cytologic and pathomorphological findings a diagnostic thoracotomy seems to be largely recommended. PMID- 822567 TI - Feline diabetes mellitus. PMID- 822568 TI - [Coccidia and coccidiosis in the rock partridge, Alectoris graeca cypriates. I. Coccidian species, systematics and morphological characteristics and the seasonal and age-related dynamics]. AB - A total of 6,375 samples were taken from rock partridges of the Alektoris graeca cypriates species. Coccidia were found in 1,437 of them. In forty-three per cent of the cases the parasites belonged to Eimeria kofoidi, in 29.2 per cent--to E. procera, in 12 per cent--to E. cotornicis, in 6.9 per cent--to E. phasiani, and in 9.7 per cent--to E. tenella. Most often a mixed infection of several species was established. Most pathogenic and most widely occurring proved the E. kofoidi species. Highest per cent of infection and greatest parasite burden were found in the young birds up to two months of age, chiefly in the spring and summer seasons, (May-June). Most susceptible to the infection were those aged 14 days to 2 months. The carriers of coccidia among the adult specimens constituted 4 to 6 per cent, and during the spring these became more numerous--up to 35 per cent. This makes it reasonable to believe that improper hygiene in rock partridge breeding could bring about mass coccidia infection and thus interfere with the reproduction process. PMID- 822569 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Robert Arossle]. PMID- 822571 TI - Recurrent glomerulonephritis in human renal homografts. AB - Recurrent glomerulonephritis in kidneys transplanted to glomerulonephritic recipients is becoming more obvious. It has been suggested that the disease process which caused the original disease in the recipient is also operative in the transplanted tissue. This study compared the ultrastructure and immunofluorescence of the native kidneys of four patients with their respective sequential, transplant biopsies. In each case, subepithelial humps and IgG, characteristic of a complex type of nephritis, were observed in both the original diseased kdineys and in the transplants. This would indicate that the immunopathologic process which caused the original glomerulonephritis and led to transplantation is also operative in the transplanted tissue. PMID- 822570 TI - Characteristics of hematopoietic cell line established from human myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - The peripheral blood of an acute myelomonocytic leukemia patient has been cultured for 16 months. The culture is at present at the 140th population doupling level. The cultured cells have the characteristics of so-called lymphoblastoid cells and proliferate actively as individual cells in small clusters, or in large clumps consisting of large mononuclear cells. Some of these cells appeare to be lymphoid, but the majority are immature mononuclear cells with a tendency to lobulate. They gave a weakly positive peroxidase reaction at the beginning of cultivation, and have given a strongly positive esterase reaction persistently. The cytoplasm shows ciliary or tail-like projections as the cell matures. Complement (C3) receptor and IgG receptors are found on the cell surface, and active phagocytosis is mannifest. Colloidal iron particles or viable red blood cells attached to the cell membrane suggesting possible differentiation to reticulum cells or macrophages. The cultured cells are mostly diploid but some cells show chromosome abnormality. Herpes type virus was foun in the nucleus, cytoplasma and on the cell membrane. The transplanatation of cultured cells to the cheek pouch of hamsters produced small tumors with histological findings resembling reticulum cell sarcoma. PMID- 822572 TI - Dietary restriction and regression of atherosclerosis. AB - Rabbits were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet to render them atheromatous. After 3 months on this diet they were switched to a low-lipid stock diet. Some animals were killed at this point, while the rest were divided into (a) a group allowed to eat ad-libitum and (b) a resticted group allowed to eat half by weight of what the ad-libitum group consumed. Most animals were killed at 9 months (i.e. after 6 months' regression). The group allowed the restricted diet showed a 27% weight loss, but their serum cholesterol fell slightly more slowly than that of the ad libitum animals. Likewise, atherosclerosis was slightly worse in the restricted than in the ad-libitum group. The results do not support the view that severe dietary restriction causes atherosclerosis to regress. PMID- 822573 TI - [Foetal Rhabdomyoma. Case report and ultrastructural study]. AB - Benign voluntary muscle tumours are exceedingly rare. Only 9 fetal and 35 adult type rhabdomyomata have been reported in the literature, former usually in children, the latter in adults. Both types affect the musculature of the head and neck almost exclusively. In this ultrastructural study of a fetal rhabdomyoma in a girl aged eleven years, we have found that the tumour is composed of cells showing myoblastic or myotubular differentiation although the myofilaments are poorly arranged and the myofibrils irregularly distributed. Motor-end plates have not been observed. These observations, together with the light microscopic findings and a review of previously described cellular characteristics, suggest that fetal and adult rhabdomyoma are different stages in the life history of the same tumour. Whether the lesion should be considered to be a hamartoma or a neoplasm is uncertain. PMID- 822574 TI - Complement-mediated acinar cell necroses in pancreatitis induced by basement membrane antibodies. AB - To study the role of the serum complement system in the early necrosis of acinar cells an acute pancreatitis was produced by injection of basement membrane antibodies into the pancreatic duct of mice and rats. In all animals deposition of complement (C3) and antibasement membrane IgG could be observed in an identical position within areas of acinar cell necrosis. The extent of parenchymal damage and the intensity of complement deposits corresponded to the injected dose of antibodies. The importance of cytolytically active complement components (C5-9) was demonstrated in congenitally C5-defective old line mice which did not show typical centrolobular necroses 1 hr after intraductal injection of antibodies. However, the normocomplementemic mice developed extensive necroses of acinar cells. The results support the hypothesis of a complement-induced acinar cell necrosis in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 822576 TI - The fate of newly formed satellite cells during compensatory muscle hypertrophy. AB - Compensatory hypertrophy was induced in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle by extirpation of the synergistic tibialis anterior. Injections of 3H-thymidine (2 muCi/g body weight) was given at 24, 48, and 72 h after the operation. In animals killed immediately after the last injection both satellite cell nuclei and true muscle nuclei were labeled, whereas in animals killed 4 weeks later only true muscle nuclei were labeled. The results are interpreted as indicating incorporation of newly formed satellite cells into the fibers during compensatory hypertrophy. PMID- 822575 TI - Reduction of the beta-cell component of pancreatic islets in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - A morphometric study of the pancreatic islets in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki Wistar strain) and in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of the same age revealed that the SHR (in prehypertensive and in early hypertensive stages) had a significantly smaller mass of islet tissue and that the number of islets in the SHR was reduced by half. The ratio between the total masses of the pancreatic islets for the NWR and the SHR at the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages was found to be: 1:0.53:0.61, respectively. The mass of the islet tissue in the SHR was reduced at the expense of the beta-cell component of the islets. No morphologic differences were found in the acinous tissue, and the pancreas and body weights were the same in both experimental groups. The glucose tolerance test revealed reduced glucose utilization in the SHR, which may be due to a relative insufficiency of the insulin secretion by the islets upon rapid (i.v.) glucose lodaing. Reduced plasma insulin response to i.v. glucose loading and a reduced rate of insulin utilization were found in the SHR as compared with the NWR. The poor development of the beta-cell tissue may be attributed either to the specific effect of the enhanced catecholamine excretion or to a low insulin requirement of the cell tissue membranes (insulin targets) as a consequence of the membrane ion transport alteration in spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 822577 TI - Collagen and myofibroblasts of granulation tissue. A chemical, ultrastructural and immunologic study. AB - In granulation tissue produced in the rat by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil or polyvynile sponge implantation, the great majority of fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) possess a contractile apparatus which makes them similar to smooth-muscle cells. Chemical analysis shows that these granulation tissues contain a high proportion of Type III collagen, a genetically distinct collagen normally associated with embryonic dermal tissue. Type III collagen may persist up to 9 months after sponge implantation and myofibroblasts are seen in granulation tissue by means of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. When granulation tissue is resorbed 50 days after turpentine oil injection, myofibroblasts disappear and the dermis contains Type I collagen. The concurrent presence of myofibroblasts and Type III collagen suggests that myofibroblasts, in addition to their contractile activity, synthetize, at least in part, type III collagen. PMID- 822578 TI - Cell proliferation in the descending colon of dimethylhydrazine treated rats and in dimethylhydrazine induced adenocarcinomata. AB - A stathmokinetic technique which has estimable precision has been used to estimate mitotic rates in the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the descending colon of normal, and of dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats, as well as in DMH-induced adenocarcinomata. Estimates of the mean number of proliferating and of non proliferating cells per crypt of Lieberkuhn were also made in normal and in DMH treated rats. In normal rats, epithelial cell proliferation was found to be relatively slow in the basal one-fifth of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and to be most rapid in the second one-fifth of the crypt. In DMH-treated rats the number of cells around the circumference of transversely sectioned crypts was significantly increased, as was the number of proliferating cells present in longitudinally sectioned crypts. The region of relatively slow cell proliferation in the base of the crypts was expanded to occupy the lower two-fifths of the crypt in DMH treated rats whilst the region of most rapid cell proliferation was displaced upwards to occupy the third one-fifth of the crypt. In DMH-induced adenocarcinomata cell proliferation occurred at a rate similar to that in the relatively quiescent zone at the bases of the colinic crypts in normal animals. However, tumour cell proliferation was substantially slower than that in the second one-fifth of the crypt in normal animals. PMID- 822579 TI - A comparison of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic intestinal epithelia following either biogenic amine depletion or monoamine oxidase inhibition. AB - Epithelial cell proliferation was studied in the jejunum and in the colon of normal rats, in the colon of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats and in dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma of the colon using a stathmokinetic technique. Estimates of cell proliferation rates in these four tissues were then repeated in animals which had been depleted of biogenic animes by treatment with reserpine and in animals whose monoamine oxidase was inhibited by treatment with nialamide. In amine-depleted animals cell proliferation essentially ceased in all four tissues examined. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase did not significantly influence cell proliferation in nonmalignant tissues but accelerated cell division in colonic tumours. PMID- 822580 TI - Fine structure of the placental labyrinth in the rat at term and during prolonged gestation. AB - The fine structure of the placental labyrinth in the rat was described at term (Day 22) and during prolonged gestation (Day 23, 24 and 25). Gestation was prolonged by dialy subcutaneous injection of progesterone to the mothers from Day 20 through Day 24 of pregnancy. The placental labyrinth at term consisted of maternal and foetal blood spaces separated by three layers of trophoblast and an endothelium. During prolonged gestation (Day 24 and 25 only) the layers of trophoblast exhibited discontinuity, loss of cytoplasmic elements and the presence of fibronoid material. In addition ot the morphological observations, it was found that foetal blood glucose levels on Day 24 and 25 were significantly lower than values at term. The results were discussed in reference to placental insufficiency and its effect on the foetus. PMID- 822581 TI - Towards a system for the identification and classification of potyviruses. I. Serology and amino acid composition of six distinct viruses. PMID- 822582 TI - DNA Replication of bacteriophage phi29: isolation of a DNA-protein complex from Bacillus subtilis cells infected with wild-type and with a suppressor-sensitive mutant. PMID- 822583 TI - Representation of fovea in the striate cortex of vervet monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus. PMID- 822584 TI - Spatial summation, response pattern and conduction velocity of ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina. PMID- 822585 TI - [Content of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in the blood serum and synovial fluid under normal conditions]. PMID- 822586 TI - Preparation of red cells coated with C4 and C3 subcomponents and production of anti-C4d and anti-C3d. AB - Methods of preparing red cells coated only with C4b, C3b or C3d have previously been described by others; the present observations supply further information about the optimal conditions for preparing such cells and also describe conditions for the operation of cells carrying only C4d. In addition, the preparation of specific anti-C4d and anti-C3d sera is described. PMID- 822587 TI - An unusual Rh immunization. AB - Anti-C was present in the serum of a woman of the Rh phenotype R1Wr (CwDe/cde), as far as we know the first anti-C to be found in a Cw person. PMID- 822588 TI - [Blood transfusion: medicolegal aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Blood transfusion is a procedure in which it is oncumbent on the attendant doctor to undertake appropriate enlightenment of the patient, obtain the patient's consent, define the precise indications and perform the task with technical proficiency. The doctor undertaking blood transfusion must be acquainted with the legal basis and be aware of the legal aspects which free him from these obligations in exceptional cases. Since the urgency of transfusion varies from case to case the following classification is posed: normal cases, special cases, urgent cases and emergency cases. In view of the lack of legal guiding principles, the basic requirements for the correct procedure in each of the four groups are clearly drawn up in tabular form. Moreover, advice is given in the event of fatal complications on the basis of a discussion of the causative factors and legal consequences involved in 20 cases which came to autopsy by order of the coroner. PMID- 822589 TI - [Open brain injury]. PMID- 822590 TI - [Late complications of closed brain injuries]. PMID- 822592 TI - Nuclear medicine. Report of a Joint IAEA/WHO Expert Committee on the use of ionizing radiation and radioisotopes for medical purposes (nuclear medicine). PMID- 822591 TI - Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia. Report of a Joint WHO/USAID Meeting. PMID- 822593 TI - Methodology of nutritional surveillance. Report of a Joint FAO/UNICEF/WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 822594 TI - Viral hepatitis, type B. PMID- 822596 TI - [Effect of various temperatures on metabolism, phagocytosis, and vitality of Tetrahymena pyriformis]. PMID- 822595 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 822597 TI - Salt stimulated respiration of Chlorella fusca. AB - ATP contents have been measured before and after addition of KCl (5 mM final concentration) to suspensions of Chlorella in distilled water under different conditions of energy supply. The levels decreased immediately after salt addition and returned to the original values under conditions both of oxidative phosphorylation and of cyclic photophosphorylation, but not under conditions of fermentation. It appears that this decrease in the ATP level is the cause for salt stimulated respiration (S.S.R.). Furthermore, it is shown that cycloheximide and EDTA, which interact with Rb+ uptake (active and ATP-driven) at low salt concentration, also reduce S.S.R. From this parallelism it is concluded that the ATPase involved in Rb+ uptake at low salt concentration is also responsible for S.S.R. at high salt concentration. As S.S.R. provides far more energy than is required for the small influx of ions it is suggested that the ATPase is decoupled by the salt from ion transport. PMID- 822599 TI - [Interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAS) and cell division in a temperature sensitive filamentous mutant of Bacillus subtilis SB 19. II. Activator of AAS]. PMID- 822598 TI - [Interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAS) and cell division in a temperature sensitive filamentous mutant of Bacillus subtilis SB 19. I. Characterization of AAS]. PMID- 822600 TI - [Classification of chemical substance based on toxicity]. PMID- 822601 TI - [Current information on the epidemiology and clinical aspects of tuberculosis]. PMID- 822602 TI - [Essential-fatty-acid deficiency syndrome in man]. AB - The syndrome of essential fatty acid deficiency was first described in rats in 1929. Not before 1958, a corresponding syndrome was observed in infants after administration of cow's milk over longer periods of time. Until recently, the syndrome of essential fatty acid deficiency in adults was completely unknown. In 1970, it was reported in a 44-year-old male patient who had received fatfree parenteral nutrition for 70 days. In its course, a desquamative exanthema developed which completely remitted after administration of linoleic acid. Between 1970-1973, we observed two patients who developed hyperkeratotic dermatoses after long-term administration of a synthetic formula diet (Vivasorb). The lack of essential fatty acids could also be demonstrated in gas chromatographic studies of the course of the process. PMID- 822603 TI - [The combination of cold sterilizing agents]. PMID- 822604 TI - [Contributions of studies on experimental pyelonephritis to the problems of human urinary tract infections]. PMID- 822605 TI - [The combination of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde]. PMID- 822606 TI - [Disinfecting action of peracetic acid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 822607 TI - [Sterilization with glutaraldehyde vapor. Determination of steam concentrations and sterilization parameters]. PMID- 822609 TI - [Importance of osmolality in diabetic emergency-situations]. AB - It is reported on 37 diabetic patients with coma or stupor. The discussion of the case histories leads to the conclusion that moderate hyperosmolality greatly affects the condition and prognosis of the patients. In those instances, where diabetic coma or stupor was complicated by pneumonia, myocardial infarction or shock, life could be saved only, when on admission osmolality or osmolarity was found to be lower than 334 mosm/kg and 328 mosm/1, respectively. PMID- 822608 TI - [Refined diagnosis of C-reactive protein for the detection and course control of chronic inflammatory rheumatic processes]. AB - When different methods of demonstration of C-reactive protein are used, results much deviating one from another may be observed. An exact diagnostics based on radial immunodiffusion with large range of recognition allows a quantitative registration of changes of C-reactive protein. The exact diagnostics of C reactive protein seems to be of advantage especially with regard to comprehension and control of the course of subclinical processes. Together with the blood sedimentation rate the exact diagnostics of C-reactive protein gives the possibility of an improved objectivation of the process activity in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. PMID- 822610 TI - [Is primary or secondary prevention of diabetes mellitus in hyperliporoteinemia possible under long-term clofibrate therapy?]. AB - The investigations of metabolism explained speak for an improved condition of the carbohydrate metabolism during the first months of the therapy. However, they are not sufficient to prove a preventive effect of clofibrat per se during long-term treatment. Our examinations by means of the glucose infusion test show that on certain defined conditions with intensive general treatment positive effects may be registered, which, however, cannot be reproduced in a large collective during outpatient care. On the contrary, it is to be assumed that the whole therapeutic regime has an influence. Nevertheless, one may establish that the incidence portion of the diabetes manifestation in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia treated with regadrin corresponds nearly to that one of the average population of Dresden. It is puzzling that the death rate in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetic condition of metabolism is significantly higher than in hyperlipoproteinaemia without disturbance of the carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 822611 TI - [The clinical value of 51 chrome-EDTA clearance]. AB - In routine diagnostics the glomerular filtration rate was in most cases determined by endogenic creatinine clearance. Possibilities of errors in this method are unreliable accumulation of urine, influencibility of the creatinine values by the muscular mass and various exogenic factors. The chromium-51-EDTA clearance is to be regarded as a more exact method. After single intravenous injection of about 150 muCi Cr-51-EDTA (single-shot-method) the impulse rates in the serum are measured after 60, 100, 140 and 180 min in the bore-hole-crystal. Up to now the number of patients examined is about 300, additionally 6 persons who underwent binephrectomy. Elaboration of a computer programme for the calculation of the clearance values. The best approach is achieved by non-linear regression. There exists a reciprocal connection between serum creatinine and Cr 51-EDTA-clearance. Values lower than 90 ml/min must be regarded as pathological. The Cr-51-EDTA-clearance is particularly valuable in the so-called creatinine blind region, in which it gives a more reliable information about the beginning reduction of the glomerular filtration rate, as calculation of the correlation and repeated examinations show. The method can be recommended for the clinical routine diagnostics. PMID- 822612 TI - [The clinical valency of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Attempt at a determination of their importance]. AB - The classification of the protein bodies which Apitz in his time called paraproteins into the large spectre of the immunoglobulins has had a decisive influence on the clinical valency of these findings. Nowadays it is possible to estimate these proteins from the point of view of their development as the functional evidence of a monoclonal proliferation as well as issuing from the part of their immunological effect. 218 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin are distributed according to the clinical diagnosis. Here it is shown that also a not unconsiderable proportion of benign diseases reveals these findings. Monoclonal immunoglobulins are of special interest when diseases of the group of nosological forms of the lympho-plasma-cellular reticulum and particularly of the paraproteinaemic haemoblastoses are in question. The analysis of the monoclonal macroglobulinaemias has led to a new orientation concerning Waldenstroem's disease which absolutely might be regarded as a nosological entity and no more as a morphological one. A special quality of the protein, the formation of cryoprotein, has close structural relations to the easy chain type kappa, which possibly in general must closely be correlated with reactions of immunoglobulins dependent on temperature. PMID- 822614 TI - [Summary of work session 4: Effects of calcitonin and somatostatin on the stomach and pancreas--a possible therapeutic principle]. AB - Although calcitonin and somatostatin are polypeptid hormones of entirely different structure, in pharmacological doses they possess a similar effect to secretions of stomach and pancreas. Given intravenously, they generally inhibit the basal secretion of organs, stimulated by pentagastrin or pancreozymin, as well as the contraction of the gallbladder. Orally, calcitonin also suppresses by direct contact the secretion of the stomach. While calcitonin in higher doses shows only very slight and tolerable side effects (nausea, headache), somatostatin acts suppressively on many other hormone-regulated systems. Apart from this, disturbances of blood coagulation in monkeys and man were observed, findings which necessitate very careful application. Therapeutical trials appear reasonable with calcitonin in treating acute pancreatitis, in prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers with the danger of bleeding, in intensive care medicine, in preoperative procedure of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as well as in duodenal ulcers (oral calcitonin). Double blind studies are carried out at present to answer most of these questions (acute pancreatitis, stress ulcers, duodenal ulcers), results of which should definitely be awaited. PMID- 822613 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of plasmacytoma and Waldenstrom's disease]. AB - Plasmocytoma and Waldenstroem's disease together with some other very rare diseases form the group of paraproteinaemic haemoblastoses. In these cases the plasmocytoma as a neoplasia of the plasma cells is quite likely to define by the sum of the cytomorphological, radiological and immunological findings in form of the plasmocytosis of the bone-marrow, the destructions of the skeleton and the formation of monoclonal immunoglobulins as cardinal symptoms. Waldenstroem's disease, however, becomes more and more a special form of the IgM-forming malignant lymphomas. In its classical expression apart from the formation of lymphomas, hepato-splenomegaly and haemorhages it above all exhibits the excessive formation of a monoclonal, macromolecular immunoglobulin. In this disease the prognosis is in many cases by far more favourable than that one of the plasmocytoma which, apart from its solitary-multiple form of the course, is a disease with high malignity. Cyclophosphamide and sarcolysin are the remedies of choice in the plasmocytoma, procarbazine in waldenstroem's disease. Nowadays, the inclusion of the two diseases into the large spectre of neoplasias of all cells of the immuno-competent system which finally are structurally derived from the immunocyte and are functionally differentiated renders a special way of description unnecessary. PMID- 822615 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of necrotic hepatic coma with extra corporeal hemoperfusion of human and baboon livers as well as activated charcoal]. PMID- 822616 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation and thrombocyte aggregation during extended inhibition of labor (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of extended tocolysis with Partusisten on blood coagulation was examined in 30 patients at various times during pregnancy. A rapid and statistically significant reduction of thrombocyte aggregation was found in all examined parameters. The effect was independent of the method of administering the medicine and continued during the whole period of time examined. Values, with which an increased tendency toward hemorrhage could be expected, did not occur. The values possibly reflect an increased disaggregation of the thrombocytes. The decreased whole blood viscosity with an unchanged hematocrit could also improve placental perfusion and, thereby, the nourishment of the fetus. All examined parameters of plasmic coagulation remained normal. No signs of a hypercoagulability or an increased fibrinolysis were present. PMID- 822617 TI - [Quantitative determination of serum proteins in allergic contact dermatitis and drug hypersensitivity with a reversed radial immunodiffusion test]. PMID- 822618 TI - [Economic situation and nursing care]. PMID- 822619 TI - [Formation and persistence of latexagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in rhesus monkeys infected with Coxsackie virus type B4 (author's transl)]. AB - The formation and persistence of latexagglutination-inhibiting (LAH), neutralizing (N), and complement-fixing (CF) antibodies were in Rhesus monkeys afterr experimental infection with coxsackievirus type B4. In all 3 animals the LAH antibodies showed a significant decrease between the 49th and 56th day after infection. In 2 cases the CF antibodies declined to 25% of their maximum titer on day 84 after infection, and in 2 animals the N antibodies declined between the 70th and 84th day afte infection. PMID- 822620 TI - [A quantitative method for the fine diagnosis of C-reactive protein by means of modified radial immunodiffusion]. PMID- 822621 TI - Delayed dermal hypersensitivity in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immunized against Plasmodium knowlesi. AB - Eighteen Rhesus monkeys were immunized with a fresh or lyophilized antigen preparation obtained from erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi. Sixteen of these monkeys showed a positive delayed hypersensitivity response when subsequently skin tested with the immunizing antigen. Ten of the 16 positive reactors survived a P, knowlesi challenge, the remaining 6 showed several indications of protection. None of the 18 control monkeys gave a positive skin reaction or survived the challenging inoculum. Macro- and microscopical evidence suggests that the dermal reaction is of a delayed type. Preliminary biochemical analysis of the antigen used in this experiment is included and its significance is discussed. Hematological data is also presented. PMID- 822622 TI - [Serological studies on Sarcocystis in man and rats (author's transl)]. AB - During a study of sarcosporidiosis in man, rats too were fed on meat infected with Sarcocystis tenella and A. fusiformis. Further investigations were made on the antigen relationship between Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma using 50 mice infected with Toxoplasma. The results are as follows: 1. 18-39 days after eating raw minced meat (beef) containing Sarcocystis fusiformis, 5 (=41,7%) out of 12 people excreted sporulated sporocysts of the species Isospora hominis in the faeces. 2. Excretion of sporocysts lasted for 9-179 days without reinfection. None of the above mentioned people showed any clinical symptoms. 3. There was no manifestation of immunity as the excretion of sporocysts which had reduced in number intensified again after repeated administration of similar raw minced meat. 4. Oral administration of Sarcocystis as antigen leads to the production of antibodies which could be detected with the indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFT). These antibodies are common among adults but could be detected in children after 6 months of age. 5. Sarcocystis antibodies produced in rats after ingestion of fresh raw S. tenella-infected meat could be detected with the help of the IIFT in their sera for several months. 6. The indirect immunofluorescent test is reliable in detecting Sarcocystis infection. 7. No cross-reaction between Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma was detected in either the human sera or in the experimentally Sarcocystis-infected rats and Toxoplasma-infected mice. 8. Parasites lose their capability to function as antigen when subjected to heat or cold because rats fed on frozen or cooked S. tenella-infected mutton did not produce antibodies compared to those fed on fresh raw infected mutton. 9. Sera of rats fed on different types of sausages reacted negative with Sarcocystis antigen. PMID- 822623 TI - Light and electron microscope studies on the Sarcocystis of Rattus fuscipes, an Australian rat. AB - Light and electron microscope studies on the Sarcocystis of Rattus fuscipes showed that sarcocysts of two types occurred in this rat. These types could be distinguished from each other on the morphology of their cyst walls, on the size and micromorphology of their zoites, as well as by the changes they induced in the host cell. On the basis of these differences, it was concluded that the two sarcocyst types belonged to distinct Sarcocystis species. The possible life histories of the infections occurring in the rats were considered. PMID- 822624 TI - [Current status of the diagnosis and therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 822625 TI - [The parenteral feeding]. PMID- 822626 TI - Iatrogenic ergot vasospastic angiitis. A case report. AB - Hydergin, a preparation composed of equal components of dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocryptine and dihydroergocornine has been used as a peripheral vasodilator. We have presented a case report, with arteriographic confirmation, in which, this drug has produced symptoms and signs of Iatrogenic Ergot Vasospastic Angiitis, involving the rare site of right ring finger. PMID- 822627 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of ascending gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 822628 TI - [Clinical and animal experimental studies following osteotomies of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes. VI]. PMID- 822629 TI - [Extraoral forces, gnathology and growth in the planning of orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 822630 TI - [Morphological findings after Busulfan long term therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Autopsy findings from two patients who have been treated for several years with Busulfan because of chronic myelogenous leukemia are reported. Beside a pulmonary fibrosis epithelial dysplasias in the respiratory tract, the liver and kidney were detected. Furthermore, in one case beside a proliferation of reticulate cells in the spleen a distinct plasmocytosis of the bone marrow and a so-called "wasting syndrome" were found. The pathogenesis of these changes is still unkown; it may be that immunological processes play a role. PMID- 822631 TI - Antimicrobial substances in certain members of Solanaceae. I. Preliminary investigations. PMID- 822632 TI - [To the ecology of Bac. cereus var. mycoides (Flugge) in loess black earth in relation to fertilization]. PMID- 822633 TI - [Improved diagnosis fetal erythroblastosis due to Rh factors by combination of spectrophotometry (delta E 450) and a modified amniotic fluid ratio]. AB - 154 tests of amniotic fluid of 70 rh-sensitized women, won by transabdominal amniocentesis in the time between the 28th and 39th week of gestation were analysed. Besides experiential carried out spectrophotometric after Liley (estimation of delta E 450) liquor ratio were scrutinized concerning its value of statement for antenatal diagnosis in 2 variations (original liquor ratio and liquor ratio II). An equivalent pertinent judgment of delta E450 and Original liquor ratio was won. The best results were obtained with liquor ratio II and the combination of this method with delta E450. For further improvement of diagnostic reliability 2 methods of amniotic fluid analysis should be combined. PMID- 822634 TI - [Effect of feed composition on the occurrence of esophagogastric ulcers and on fattening performance in swine]. PMID- 822635 TI - The uptake of macromolecules in the ileum of piglets after intestinal "closure". PMID- 822636 TI - [Biochemical behavior of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase after resorption of inorganic lead and in vitro addition of reduced glutathione]. PMID- 822637 TI - [Evaluation of different iron compounds in the rat]. PMID- 822638 TI - [Inflammation and textural changes of the bronchial mucosa in dog lungs. Morphologic and statistical studies]. PMID- 822639 TI - [The surgical removal of the harderian gland of the hen]. PMID- 822641 TI - The influence of age of onset of puberty on the subsequent fertility level of the Arabian mare. PMID- 822640 TI - [Adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels of the udder in lactating cows]. PMID- 822642 TI - Studies on the estrus cycle of Arabian mares in Egypt. PMID- 822643 TI - [Studies on Gottingen miniature swine for testing a hydraulic sphincter system for the suppression of fecal incontinence]. PMID- 822644 TI - [Genesis and biochemistry of rumen acidosis. 3. Metabolic dynamics of D(-) and L(+) lactic acid following administration of sugars and overfeeding with starch]. PMID- 822646 TI - Effect of unilateral vasectomy, epididymectomy and epididymal ligation on the reproductive capacity of growing rams. PMID- 822645 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on the motility of the oviduct of the laying hen in vitro]. PMID- 822647 TI - The role of stress in the pathogenesis of nutritional muscular dystrophy in pigs. PMID- 822648 TI - Enzyme profile of heart and skeletal muscles, liver and kidney of cows and pigs. PMID- 822649 TI - [Distribution of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and of beta-galactosidase in the genital tract of the hen (Gallus domesticus)]. PMID- 822650 TI - Thyroxine content in the thyroid gland of domestic animals. VIII. Levels of thyroid gland of Egyptian buffaloes at various reproductive stages. PMID- 822651 TI - [Chemical and physical studies on the eggshell of 4 species of running birds (Struthioniformes)]. PMID- 822652 TI - [Pathological anatomy and histology of spontaneous, epithelial skin tumors in Mastomys natalensis]. PMID- 822654 TI - [A case of mass food poisoning caused by Bac. cereus]. PMID- 822653 TI - [Relationship between the ultrastructure and biochemical composition of spores and their resistance to high temperature exposure and chemical agents]. AB - The author used the spores of B. cereus and of its two mutants (10id -- defective by spore coats, and No. 3 -- DPA-deficient). The mentioned microbes were subjected to the action of vapour (99 degrees), 5% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 50 degreeC, and of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. On the basis of the survival curves it was revealed that a mutant with defective coats possessed the least resistance to the factors under study. On these grounds a conclusion was drawn on the important portective function of the spore coat, and not simply of the presence of DPA, in the mechanism of thermo- and chemical resistance of spores. PMID- 822655 TI - [Effect of ectericide on the normal intestinal microflora of experimental animals]. PMID- 822656 TI - [Findings concerning characteristics of responses to administration of vaccines containing antigenic complexes of enteric bacteria and tetanus toxoid]. AB - Forty eight hours after the immunization with vaccines containing antigenic complexes of typhoid-paratyphoid and dysentery bacteria (0.65--1 mg of the antigens per vaccination dose) some of the persons vaccinated displayed an increase in the leukocyte count chiefly on account of the neutrophil forms and monocytes, a moderate elevation of bilirubin, asaraginamino-transferase and glutamic dehydrogenase in the serum; there was also some reduction of serum cholesterol, the appearance of cylinders and of protein traces in the urine, as well as ECG changes. The noted changes were of short duration and were not recorded in later examinations. The persons vaccinated presented no complains 24 hours, 2, 3, and 9 days after the vaccination and completely retained their working capacity. PMID- 822657 TI - [Conditions for bacterial transfection]. PMID- 822658 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase binding by the membrane apparatus of B. subtilis 83]. PMID- 822659 TI - [Purification of a protective anthrax preparation]. AB - An attempt was made to standardize conditions for obtaining a protective anthrax preparation. A technological scheme permitting to produce 80 mg of a purified lyophilized protective preparation with the activity of 32 immunizing units was applied. It was accepted that 1 IU was the minimal amount of the preparation which provided a survival with the mean time index of 3.0+/-0.5 of guinea pigs after a double immunization at an interval of 14 days. In vitro 1 IU also represented a minimal amount of the preparation which produced three precipitation lines (characteristic of the preparation) in immunoelectrophoretic analysis against the purified anthrax serum. Usually 1 IU in vivo and in vitro corresponded to 2.5 mg of this preparation. PMID- 822660 TI - [Further study of the antibody adsorption test for the purpose of increasing the specificity of listeriosis serodiagnosis]. AB - In testing the specificity of interaction in the agglutination reaction with listeria antigens of 191 sera of healthy persons with the aid of adsorption with staphylococcus, enterococcus and listeria a positive result was obtained in 56.5% of cases (108 sera); the higher the serum titres--the more of them reacted specifically (31.7% at the 1 : 40 titre; 83.3--100% at the 1 : 160--1 : 320 titres). PMID- 822662 TI - [Production and study of anthrax antigen. I. Nutrient medium for production of native anthrax protective antigen]. AB - The authors present the results of studies concerning the choice of nutrient bases and elaboration of a medium for obtaining anthrax protective antigen providing an active preparation. Filtrates of crude cultures obtained on the nutrient medium prepared of 3% hydrochloric hydrolyzate of fish flour, corn extract, glucose, sodium bicarbonate and mineral salts proved to be the most active. Tests for determination of usefulness of the culture fluids with the maximum content in them of the protective antigen are recommended. PMID- 822661 TI - [Morphologic reactions in brucella infections in guinea pigs prevaccinated with cellular components of virulent brucellea]. PMID- 822663 TI - [Rickettsial variability]. PMID- 822664 TI - [Periodic structure of physiologic and pathologic tremor]. AB - By the method of a spectral analysis and intervalography the authors studied the changes of finger tremor in intellectual and nitroglycerine tests in 45 normals and 15 patients with funkctional disorders of the CNS. The studies demonstrated some similarities between the frequency characteristics of the physiological tremor and the EEG. On the basis of electromyographical examination of 115 patients with cerebral atherosclerosis the authors systematized different forms of pathological tremor according to the topical principle. The conclusion is made that the state of the brain has a certain influence on the dynamics of the periodical structure of tremor. PMID- 822665 TI - Amino acid concentration in plasma after gastro-intestinal, intraportal and intravenous administration of crystalline amino acids. Preliminary report. AB - In three series of 3 dogs each a solution of crystalline amino acids (Vamin) was given by different routes: gastro-intestinally, intraportally of intravenously. The infusion period was 3 hours and the administered amount 3 g per kg body weight. The amino acid concentration in plasma from different sites of the circulation was analysed before, during and after the infusion. In the series of intraportal and of intravenous infusion blood was taken from the hepatic vein and a peripheral vein and in the gastro-intestinal series from the portal vein as well. Tryptophan and tyrosine increased very slightly in all the series and tyrosine also showed a tendency to decrease during the infusion after an initial rise. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid increased quite markedly when given intravenously and intraportally, but there were only very small blood-level changes at gastro-intestinal administration. The intestinal mucosa seems to play an important role in amino acid metabolism. The remaining 14 of the 18 amino acids given showed approximately the same pattern of blood-level changes during and after the infusion. PMID- 822667 TI - Source of precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis in Bufo arenarum segmenting eggs. PMID- 822666 TI - Finding of ciliated protozoa genus Vorticella on cervical and endocervical smears. PMID- 822669 TI - Role of galactose in the antigenic properties of thyroglobulin. AB - Thyroglobulins (TG) from a "hot" human thyroid nodule and from Fisher rats have been purified and the effects of progressive removal of sialic acid and galactose on the immunoreactive properties of the proteins were studied. Terminal sialic acid and galactose were released by stepwise hydrolysis with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. Agalacto-TG shows a slower electrophoretic mobility than native TG, but in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis it migrates in the same position as asialo-TG. In immunodiffusion agalacto-TG forms a spur with native TG and asialo-TG when tested against anti 19S native TG or anti-asialo-TG sera. It is thus shown that galactose in the terminal environment of the oligosaccharide chains of thyroglobulin is essential for the structural groups involved in the antigenic properties of thyroglobulin. PMID- 822668 TI - The development of a radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin. AB - The development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for vasopressin is described. Antibodies were successfully produced following the coupling of synthetic arginine vasopressin with bovine serum albumin carried out with carbodiimide. In order to standardize the assay, the labelled hormone has to be separated twice using a DEAE-Sephadex-A-25 column and thin layer chromatography with cellulose plates. A further condition to obtain a reproducible standard curve is the use of a pure arginine vasopressin checked by cellulose chromatography. Most of the vasopressin batches available do not fulfil this requirement of purity. With the method described, vasopressin can be determined in unextracted human urine. The lower limit of detection is 2 pg/ml. Normal values are in the range of 67.5 +/- 34.3 ng/24 h (kappa +/- SD, n =45). No significant difference of AVP excretion was found between men and women. The usefulness of the assay is demonstrated in patients with hypothalamic or pituitary disorders. PMID- 822670 TI - The distribution of B and T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - The distribution of thymus-dependent (T cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) was studied in 74 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 33 normal controls. A T cell deficit was found in untreated patients as well as in long-term survivors in remission. Therapy slightly enhanced the T cell depletion in Hodgkin's disease patients. Concomitant with this finding was slight increase of B cells. PMID- 822671 TI - Cytoplasmic connections between erythroblasts in megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 822672 TI - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosine-triphosphate in cretins living at high altitude. AB - A comparison of concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the red cells of cretins and normal controls living at 3,700 m in the Nepal Himalayas has shown that 2,3-DPG and ATP levels were higher in the cretins. A negative correlation between hemoglobin and 2.3-DPG level was found. Chronic hypoxia appears to have provided the additional stress required to differentiate the significance of thyroid hormone deficiency in producing anemia from its effect on 2,3-DPG levels. If thyroid hormone is in fact one regulator of 2,3-DPG, the anemia of hypothyroidism appears to be more significant. This also suggest that the anemia of hypothyroidism, is at least in part, "pathologic" as opposed to "adaptive". PMID- 822673 TI - Factor X Friuli coagulation disorder. Report of a newly recognized patient and some considerations on the frequency of the disease in the Friuli area. AB - A newly recognized patient with the factor X Friuli coagulation disorder is presented. The propositus is a 10-year-old boy who presented excessive bleeding after a tooth extraction. This is the 11th patient with this peculiar coagulation disorder discovered in Friuli and the 12th so far described. His parents are consanguineous and heterozygotes together with other family members. The main laboratory features, typical of the disease were prolonged prothrombin time, a prolonged partial thromboplastin time, and a normal Stypven-cephalin clotting time. The incidence of the homozygotes in the Friuli area appear to be 0.000005 (11 cases in a population of 2,000,000). The probable frequency of the abnormal f gene is 0.0033, whereas that of the normal gene F is 0.9967. The theoretical frequency of the heterozygote, Ff condition is 0.007, namely 7 heterozygotes every 1,000 persons. However, only about 70 ascertained heterozygotes have been discovered so far. PMID- 822674 TI - Fetal erythropoiesis and dyserythropoiesis in juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - Haemoglobin fractions and 16 enzymatic activities of red cells of a patient with juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia are compared to normal, to comparably reticulocyte-rich, non-neonatal and to fetal red cells. The activities of hexokinase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, monophosphoglyceromutase, enolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are significantly increased in fetal red cells beyond the activities of cell populations with comparable reticulocytosis. The activities of these enzymes are also increased in the patient's erythrocytes. Together with a haemoglobin F concentration of 54% and a concentration of haemoglobin Bart's of 1% these variations reflect the fetal nature of the red cells. Simultaneously, signs of dyserythropoiesis are found in the red cells of the patient: a very high activity of hexokinase and a low pyruvate kinase activity. PMID- 822675 TI - [Glutathione reductase deficiency with membrane defect in hereditary hemolytic anemia]. AB - Glutathione reductase activity and phospholipid metabolism in red cell membranes were determined in a family with hereditary hemolytic anemia. A marked decrease of glutathione reductase activity and stability of reduced glutathione was found in combination with enhanced phospholipid-phosphate metabolism and decreased activity of the membrane-stabilizing enzyme lysolecithin-acyltransferase. In all cases splenectomy beneficially influenced the hemolytic process. Family studies revealed a dominant-autosomal genetic transmission. PMID- 822676 TI - Favism in a Portuguese family due to a deficient glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (Canton) or (cpanton-like) type. AB - In a Portuguese boy with favism G-6PD deficiency was found. Deficiency was due to a G-6PD variant close or identical to Canton-type G-6PD. The muted protein had a lowered catalytic activity and furthermore, was unstable. The post-translational modifications undergone by this deficient G-6PD variant are described. PMID- 822678 TI - Microscopic organization of the ligamenta flava in Cercopithecinae. AB - The ligamenta flava have been investigated in Cercopithecus pygerythrus (vervet monkey) and C. mitis (blue monkey) at various levels of the vertebral column. It has been shown that in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions the topography of these ligaments differs. The cervical ligamenta flava do not extend over the intervertebral joints, while in the thoracic and lumbar regions they reinforce and fuse with the capsule. The ligamenta flava from T4 to S1 replace the interspinous ligaments by extending into the interspinous space. The ligamenta flava consist mostly of interwoven layers of elastic and collagen fibres. The area of attachment has four zones whose histological details are described. These findings are discussed in relation to the function of the vertebrbility of the column and mechanical adaptation to absorb sudden stresses. PMID- 822677 TI - [Granulocyte reserve of bone marrow in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis]. AB - We have studied the granulocyte reserve of bone marrow (ethiocholanolone test), the morphological aspects and the mitotic index of the granulopoietic line in 10 patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis. The granulocyte reserve was reduced in 7 cases. This phenomenon is probably due to the granulocyte loss which occurs in dialysis. The granulopoietic cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolisation and lysis of chromatin. The mitotic index was at the upper limits or above. PMID- 822679 TI - The primate hyolaryngeal apparatus and herbivorous modifications. AB - The predominantly herbivorous diet of the howler and baboon is responsible for modification in the configuration of the hyolaryngeal apparatus. In a herbivorous primate the air sac located in the concavity of the body of the hyoid bone takes on a resonating function. There is definite correlation between : (1) the presence of a large epiglottis with a convex superior surface, (2) close apposition of the soft palate with the epiglottis, (3) presence of high aryepiglottic and lateral epiglottic folds, (4) presence of air sacs and (5) concavity of the posterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone (basihyal), and the herbivorous diet of the species. These characteristics are not as pronounced in the less herbivorous rhesus, even less so in the frugivorous capuchin and the least in the insectivorous marmoset. PMID- 822680 TI - Vegetative innervation of the esophagus. IV. Endings in the tela submucosa and tunica muscularis. AB - The osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide technique has been applied to the study of the tela submucosa and tunica muscularis in the esophagus of the cat and the rhesus monkey. Other than the classical terminal vegetative formation, three types of endings were found, classified as perifascicular, free and intramuscular. The comparative results between cat and rhesus monkey show differences in the distribution and number of such endings. A sensory functional significance is proposed and discussed. PMID- 822681 TI - The effect of La3+ on the characteristics of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) was prepared from the white muscles of the catfish (Amiurus nebulosus). The effect of La3+ on the functional characteristics of FSR was studied. La3+ in a concentration higher than 10(-4) M was found to decrease or arrest Ca2+ accumulation, cholinesterase activity and the activation of ATPase by Ca2+. La3+ added after the elimination of membrane bound Ca2+ of FSR (1 mM EGTA, pH 7.1) does not substitute Ca2+ in its functions. The cholinesterase activity of FSR solubilized by deoxycholate and purified by gelfiltration is inhibited by La3+ present in a concentration higher than 10(-4) M and simultaneously with inhibition, the absorbance at 280 nm is increased. Ca2+ gives rise to similar changes only in concentrations higher than 10(-2) M. PMID- 822682 TI - Sodium valproate in the treatment of resistant epilepsy. AB - A series of 115 patients was treated with sodium valproate (Epilim) for periods ranging from 6 to 24 months and in dosages ranging from 400 mg to 2400 mg daily. All but six of these patients had intractable epilepsies and had been previously treated unsuccessfully with other anti-epileptic agents. Eighty patients had generalised seizures and 35 had partial seizures which, in 26 cases, were secondarily generalised. Reduction of seizure frequency by over 50 per cent occurred in about 70 per cent of patients with generalised seizures but in only 37 per cent of those with partial seizures. A number of patients reported increased alertness, improvement of mood, increased appetite and improved performance at school. The adverse effects encountered were gastro-intestinal symptoms, weight gain and hair loss. PMID- 822683 TI - [Dysgenesis of CNS in dyscranio-pygo-phalangia (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of dyscranio-pygo-phalangia was studied neuropathologically. The patient was a 19 days old boy, who showed multiple anomalies: protuberance of forehead, narrow eye fissures, microphthalmos, micrognathia, microauriculae with dysplasia, hexadactylia of extremities, cryptorchism, asymmetric thorax, congenital heart disease and hypoplasia of the right lung. There were multiple dysgeneses in the central nervous system, especially the cerebellum: floccular heterotopia; heterotopias of cortex type, cerebellar nucleic type and Purkinje cell type; external granular layer cells in the white matter; dentate spindle cell-dysgenesis. Other findings were glio-neurono-mesenchymal dysgenesis on the surface of the brain, residual fetal external granular layer on the surface of the pons, partial hypoplasia of corpus callosum, heterotopic nerve cells in the molecular layer of the periinsular cortex. PMID- 822684 TI - Some chemical characteristics of human minor salivary gland secretions. AB - The minor salivary glands contribute to the composition of whole saliva, but little information has been available about their chemical constituents. Pilocarpine-stimulated labial and palatine secretion from 4 human subjects was investigated by paper and disc electrophoresis, immunochemical analysis, and for content of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, hexuronic acids and sulphate. No significant differences were noted between the labial and palatine secretions by any of the methods employed. The minor gland secretions appeared to consist mainly of mucosubstances, possibly with blood group specificity. In addition, three water-soluble components with the characteristics of albumin, alpha-amylase and secretory IgA were seen. The minor gland secretions had an amino acid profile different from those of the major salivary glands and contained higher proportions of carbohydrate. Only one lipid component, with the characteristics of a polar lipid, was seen. Hexuronic acids were not detected in either secretion, whereas both contained sulphate. It would appear that the minor mucous glands contribute to the content of mucosubstances in whole saliva, whereas their content of water-soluble material is negligible in this respect. PMID- 822685 TI - Histochemical and biochemical properties of the labial and palatine glands and their secretions in the Macaca irus and Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys. AB - The increasing use of non-human primates in experimental studies in dentistry demands detailed knowledge of their basic oral biology. The labial and palatine glands and their secretory products were compared in two commonly used monkey species. The mucous cells of both gland types appeared to elaborate sulphated muco-substances and the serous demilunes of the labial glands neutral mucosubstances. The secretions of these glands, as obtained by in vitro cultivation of glandular tissue were subjected to isoelectric fractionation. The labial and palatine secretions of the C. aethiops contained an acidic component which exhibited the viscous properties of the original secretions, showed incorporation of 35SO4 and had high titres of virus-haemagglutination inhibition activity. A similar component has been found in M. irus labial and palatine secretions. The two monkey species were similar in that the labial gland secretions of both contained small amounts of lysozyme activity, which the palatine gland secretions did not. They differed in that alpha-amylase activity was present in the labial and palatine secretions of the C. aethiops, which corresponds to the human situation. The minor glands of the M. irus did not show traces of alpha-amylase activity. The distribution of several chemical characteristics of the salivary gland secretions of both monkey species indicated that neither of them were identical to man, even though a general similarity was evident. PMID- 822686 TI - Influence of cataleptoid anaesthetic agents on the intraocular pressure in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Trained monkeys which allowed a tonometry while conscious were used to test the influence of cataleptoid anaesthetics on intraocular pressure (IOP). The drugs were injected intramuscularly in two dosages: with the lower dose (DT) it became just possible to perform a tonometry in untrained monkeys. The second dose (DS) induced surgical anaesthesia. The drugs used were: Phencyclidine, DT: 0.6-0.7 mg/kg, DS: 1.2-1.4 mg/kg. Ketamine, DT: 4-6 mg/kg, DS: 25 mg/kg. CI-744, a combination of a pure cataleptoid anaesthetic (Tiletamine) and a tranquilizer (Zolazepam), DT: 2-3 mg/kg and DS: 7.5 mg/kg. Tonometry was performed prior to and 15 and 30 min after drug administration. Except for phencyclidine in the smaller dose, which had virtually no effect on IOP, the drugs lowered IOP about 10-30% on an average with a large intra- and interindividual scatter. PMID- 822687 TI - Growth retardation, dysmorphic facies and minor malformations following massive exposure to phenobarbitone in utero. AB - A syndrome of facial dysmorphism, pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, developmental delay and minor malformations is described in two siblings. The facial anomalies consist of short nose with low nasal bridge, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, ptosis of eyelid (patient 2), lowset ears, wide mouth with protruding lips and relative prognathism. Patient 2 in addition had a cleft soft palate and a hypoplastic phalanx of his fifth fingers. Both siblings were exposed to extraordinary high levels of phenobarbitone (5.0-8.6 mg/100 ml) in utero. The same clinical picture has been reported by others following use of phenytoin in pregnancy, and the term "fetal hydantoin syndrome" has been proposed. Since the syndrome seems to occur both following exposure to phenytoin and to phenobarbital this term should probably be avoided. This interesting coincidence indicates that the drugs may have a similar mechanism of action on the development of the fetus. PMID- 822688 TI - Morphology of the Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells in monkeys with experimentally induced measles. AB - The lymphoid tissues of 9 monkeys infected experimentally with wild type measles virus were examined by light and electron microscopy. Multi-nucleated giant cells of the Warthin-Finkeldey type were found 7 to 11 days after virus inoculation. The giant cells occurred mostly in the germinal center of lymphatic follicles, where they underwent degeneration and disappeared rapidly. Lymphoid and reticular types of giant cells were recognized. The ultrastructural evidence suggested that some of the nuclei contained in giant cells were formed by an aberrant nuclear cleavage. The majority of giant cells, however, were postulated to arise from virus-mediated cell fusion, although direct evidence of cell fusion was not seen. Peculiar nuclear changes, in which some nuclei and fragments of the outer nuclear membrane were contained in a common outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, were observed in all lymphoid giant cells. Both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were seen to be composed of viral nucleoprotein strands. The former were detected in all giant cells of both types, and the latter in occasional nuclei, providing the direct evidence that giant cell formation resulted from replication of the virus. PMID- 822689 TI - Gamma heavy chain disease; report of an autopsy case with a review of the literatures. AB - An autopsy report of a 76 years old Japanese male, who had suffered from gamma- HCD, was presented. This is the fifth case of gamma-HCD in Japan and this communication is the first autopsy report made on gamma-HCD in our country. The primary pathological alteration of this disorder is a neoplastic proliferation of atypical lympho-plasmacytes extending throughout the entire hematopoietic and parenchymatous organs. Pathological characteristics of our case were compared with the same disorders reported in the world literatures. PMID- 822690 TI - Heterogeneity in in vitro response to progesterone and melphalan of mammary tumours induced in the rat by 7,12-DMBA. AB - Five mammary tumours induced in rats by 7, 12-DMBA were each divided into four sections, and studied as cell suspensions in vitro for response to melphalan or progesterone measured as H3-thymidine incorporation. Heterogeneity towards melphalan and progesterone was found within all five tumours, but the mode of reaction of the two drugs differed. The biological relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 822691 TI - The effect of glutaraldehyde on the stability of erythrocytes and on virus receptor substances. AB - Fixation with glutaraldehyde at a concentration above 0.05 per cent for 1 h at neutrality rendered erythrocytes resistant towards surfactants as Triton X-100, Tween-80 and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Fixation of erythrocytes with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde abolished the lytic effect of membrane active proteins as complement, phospholipase C and staphylococcal alpha-toxin. The fixation procedure did not alter significantly the receptor groups on erythocytes for viruses of the ortho- and para-myxo group and rubella virus. The fixation reduced the agglutinability of human O-erythrocytes by reovirus. PMID- 822692 TI - A technique for obtaining thin sections of coccidian oocysts. AB - A double sectioning technique is described for obtaining thin sections of coccidian oocysts. This method employs cryostat sectioning of unfixed oocysts prior to treatment by normal methods of fixation, dehydration, embedding and thin sectioning for electron microscopy. A number of the oocysts treated by this technique were well preserved anc contained organelles with normal ultrastructure. PMID- 822693 TI - Cytochrome P-450 and drug-induced spectral interactions in the hepatic microsomes of trout, Salmo trutta lacustris. PMID- 822694 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in hypernatraemic, ketoacidotic diabetic coma. AB - Hypertonic dehydration in a 13-year-old boy with ketoacidotic diabetic coma has been treated successfully with peritoneal dialysis and isotonic fluids. Modes of treatment with either hypotonic or isotonic fluids are discussed, as is the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis. We recommend isotonic solutions composed of equal parts of 5.5% glucose and 0.9% sodium chloride combined with peritoneal dialysis in order to secure a relatively slow correction of the hypertonic state. PMID- 822696 TI - Clinical experience with a new benzodiazepine (Clonazepam in the treatment of early posttraumatic epilepsy. PMID- 822695 TI - Blood ketone body disappearance rate in diabetics and normals after rapid infusion of dl-3-hydroxybutyrate. Studies before and after diabetic treatment. AB - Ketone body tolerance has been studied in 26 newly diagnosed diabetics and 9 normal control persons after rapid i.v. infusion of DL-3-hydroxybutyrate. In juvenile diabetics with high initial fasting concentrations of ketone bodies, disappearance rates of acetoacetate and total ketone bodies in blood were low before diabetic regulation. Insulin treatment normalized disappearance rates. In the non-obese maturity onset diabetics, on the other hand, ketone body disappearance rates remained abnormally low after treatment with glibenclamide. In the obese maturity onset diabetics, disappearance rates, being normal before diabetic regulation, decreased during phenformin treatment, the rate constants becoming significantly lower than in the normals. Decreased tissue uptake of ketone bodies thus seems to contribute to the increased ketone body level in blood in this group of diabetics. Disappearance rates were not correlated to preinfusion ketone body concentration. In the normals, no change in serum insulin was observed following the infusion, while a significant decrease was seen in plasma glucose. PMID- 822697 TI - Hypophyseal function in the operative and postoperative phases after removal of pituitary tumours. AB - In 47 patients with various pituitary tumours plasma cortisol, LH, FSH, prolactin, and GH were measured by radioimmunoassays to investigate anterior pituitary function. In 14 subjects LH--RH and TRH stimulation tests were performed to assess pituitary reserve before, during, and after surgical therapy. The mean cortisol levels were raised during and after the operative procedures until the 14th postoperative days. In patients with functionless tumours the other hormone concentrations remained nearly unchanged and in the normal ranges. After the removal of the tumour a rapid decrease in hormone levels, as might be expected, was rare, with the exception of the GH and prolactin levels in patients with hypersecretion. The postoperative stimulation tests showed a maintained secretory pituitary reserve due to active tissue left behind after operative removal of the tumour. PMID- 822698 TI - Effects of trimethaphan and sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow in rhesus monkeys. AB - In tranquilised spontaneously breathing rhesus monkeys we have found that trimethaphan can reduce systemic blood pressure by 20% with little or no change in CBF. This was in marked contrast to those given nitroprusside which showed signs of loss of autoregulation at a 5% MBP reduction. It is our opinion that the divergence of these results from other work might be explained in part by differing anaesthetic techniques and species variations. On this experience we would be hesitant to use sodium nitroprusside or a hypotensive agent in any patient where cerebral blood flow might be already compromised. PMID- 822699 TI - Modifications in the establishment of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats; an imporved assay for immunosuppressant drugs. AB - EAE induced in Lewis rats by guinea-pig spinal cord and such lipid adjuvants as hexadecane or squalene (without the mycobacterial component) is more sensitive to lower doses of cyclophosphamide and some select immunosuppressive agents than the conventional EAE induced using Freund's complete adjuvant. In addition, these animals do not suffer from adjuvant arthritis which may be induced if the bacterial component is present. These modifications in the conventional assay have enhanced its ability to detect new, weaker and/or lower doses of known immunosuppressants. PMID- 822701 TI - [Effects of topical isoproterenol and propranolol on flow-rate of aqueous in rhesus monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 822702 TI - [Observations on the corrosion casts of the radial peripapillary capillaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 822700 TI - The inactivation of endogenous amines in lung. PMID- 822703 TI - Effects of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin on central circulatory dynamics in coronary artery disease. AB - This study compares the effects and duration of the effects of 5 mg. of sublingual (SL) isosorbide dinitrate (ISD), 20 mg. of oral ISD, and 0.4 mg. of SL nitroglycerin (TNG) on central circulatory dynamics. Twenty-seven patients with coronary artery disease were evaluated with radioisotope techniques and determinations made of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), left ventricular enddiastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). There were significant and equivalent reductions in BP, SVI, LVEDVI, and CI 15 minutes after TNG, 1 hour after SL ISD, and 4 hours after oral ISD in addition to comparative increases in HR and EF by all drugs at these same time intervals. The effects of TNG were gone at 30 minutes while changes in LVEDVI, LVEF, and CI were present 4 hours after SL ISD and persistent changes in LVEDVI and SVI present 6 hours after oral ISD. We conclude that nitrates have significant effects on both preload and afterload and that the duration of effects of sublingual and oral ISD are truly long acting as compared to TNG. PMID- 822704 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - In seven adult patients receiving fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 4 to 8 weeks, weekly determinations of plasma fatty acids and total plasma tocopherols were made. Four patients were deficient in essential fatty acids, as defined by triene: tetraene ratio greater than 0.4, at the end of the second week of TPN. Six patients were deficient by the end of the third week and all seven were deficient by the end of the fifth week of TPN treatment. One patient who was deficient in both essential fatty acids and zinc developed a scaling, eczemoid dermatitis that disappeared within 3 weeks after cessation of TPN and resumption of oral feedings containing both fat and zinc. After resumption of oral feedings by three patients, the triene: tetraene ratio returned to normal within 2 weeks. The mean of total plasma tocopherols fell over a period of 7 weeks and in three individuals, reached levels generally associated with deficiency. There were not any obvious clinical manifestations of vitamin E deficiency. PMID- 822705 TI - The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. AB - Infections or inflammatory states often cause significant increases in serum phenylalanine and the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio. More than 95% of samples obtained during inflammatory diseases in man showed phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio increases greater than the maximum normal values. An increase in this ratio also occurred in monkeys with induced Rocky Mountain spotted fever, viral encephalitis, yellow fever, or pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal, Salmonella or tularemia infections. A similar ratio increase occurred in rats inoculated with unpurified mediator substances (released by activated leukocytes) that appear to initiate many of the secondary metabolic phenomena associated with infection and/or inflammation. To identify responsible mechanisms, rats were given lethal doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae; serum phenylalanine and phenylalanine-tyrosine ratios increased significantly. Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activities were slightly decreased when compared to noninfected controls. Infected and noninfected rats showed comparable oxidation rates for 14C-phenylalanine given with an oral phenylalanine load, as a pulse oral dose, or as an intraperitoneal injection. After 8 hr, both infected and control rats had similar amounts of radioactivity in total body protein, but tissue distributions were markedly altered during pneumococcal sepsis. Serum proteins of infected rats contained almost twice as much total radioactivity as that found in controls, while the amount of labeled phenylalanine in skeletal muscle protein was significantly reduced in the infected group. Isolated muscles from infected rats released more phenylalanine and less tyrosine than control muscles. Infection-related increases in serum phenlalanine could not be explained by decreased hydroxylation or oxidation. Rather, the data were consistent with an increased flux of phenylalanine into serum, most likely as the result of increased skeletal muscle catabolism. Elevations in the serum phenylalanine tyrosine ratio have potential value for estimating the presence of an inflammatory fisease and the catabolic state of a patient. PMID- 822707 TI - Regression-line analysis of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A standardized disk diffusion test was developed and used to test the susceptibility of 102 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to combinations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) by relating zone diameters of inhibition to minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC's). MIC's for TMP/SMX in ratios of 1:20 ranged from 0.08/1.52 to 2.5/47.5 mug/ml and zones of inhibition ranged from 34 to 10 mm. The coefficient of correlation (r) was -0.75. For comparison, a regression line was similarly calculated for ampicillin. MIC's ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 mug/ml and zones of inhibition ranged from 50 to 31 mm; r was -0.71. With establishment of MIC breakpoints to define the categories, susceptible, intermediate, and resistant, the disk duffusion test would be as reliable for estimating susceptibility of gonococci to TMP/SMX as for estimating susceptiblity to ampicillin. PMID- 822706 TI - Null types of the human erythrocyte blood groups. Philip Levine award lecture. AB - Null types of 12 human erythrocyte blood groups are reviewed. They have helped in identifying new antigens and defining the various genetically-distinct systems. They are very valuable in identifying the antibodies in alloimmunized people and in transfusion therapy of some of these people. Fy(a-b-) erythrocytes resist invasion by malarial parasites. At least two (Rh null and the McLeod type) are responsible for congenital hemolytic disorders. Testing for K15(Kx) on neutrophils appears to be diagnostic for chronic granulomatous disease of the sex linked recessive type. PMID- 822708 TI - IgM pyroglobulinemia with erythrocytosis presenting as hyperviscosity syndrome. I. Clinical features and viscometric studies. AB - The hyperviscosity syndrome is described in a patient with erythrocytosis and an immunoglobulin M with kappa light chain (IgMK) macroglobulinemia. Viscometric studies were carried out on whole blood and demonstrated the contribution of both the increased hematocrit value and the macroglobulinemia to the whole blood viscosity. Clinical improvement followed phlebotomy and was accompanied by a decrease in whole blood viscosity. Continued treatment with chlorambucil has been associated with a long symptom-free period. The macroglobulin was characterized as a monoclonal IgMK pyroglobulin which retained its thermoprecipitability was reduced to 7S monomers. The presence of IgMK aggregates in the serum may have contributed to the increase in blood viscosity. PMID- 822710 TI - Letter: Reliability of the acid-fast smear procedure. PMID- 822709 TI - IgM pyroglobulinemia with erythrocytosis presenting as hyperviscosity syndrome. II. Biochemical properties and mechanisms of pyrogel formation. AB - An immunoglobulin M with kappa light chains (IgMK) pyroglobulin from a patient with hyperviscosity syndrome, erythrocytosis and coagulation defects has been studied for its immunochemical properties. At physiologic temperatures the purified macropyroglobulin showed a striking tendency to aggregate in the pentamer as well as in the monomer form. This property was also observed in its H chains. Aggregate formation of the pentamers may have contributed to the blood viscosity and coagulation defects. Formation of pyrogel at 56degreesC was observed with pentamers as well as monomers, but not with separated H or L chains. Amino acid analysis showed quantitative abnormalities of aspartic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine within the H chains. Solubility of the pyrogel in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the pyroglobulin's tendency to aggregate and the cystine deficit of H chains implicate conformational changes leading to hydrophobic bonding at 56degreesC in the formation of pyrogel. PMID- 822712 TI - The histogenesis of the fovea in the macaque monkey. PMID- 822711 TI - Use of 14C-antipyrine for estimation of rhesus monkey eye blood flow. AB - The 14C-antipyrine content of rhesus monkey ocular and brain tissues are demonstrated to be stable between 10 and 60 seconds following infection of this diffusible compound, permitting the estimation of blood flow by the indicator fractionation technique. Blood flow values for central nervous system (CNS) gray and white matter, optic nerve, and retina were similar to values previously obtained for primates by other blood flow techniques. PMID- 822713 TI - The epidemiology of nosocomial enterococcal urinary tract infection. AB - Enterococci are the most frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in our hospital, which is comprised primarily of elderly male patients. Thirty of 34 UTLs, associated with enterococci in a three-month study, were preceded by urinary tract instrumentation and not related to antecedent antibiotic therapy. Although most UTLs were polymicrobic and clinically asymptomatic, monomicrobic septicemia with enterococci did occur and in one patient polymicrobic bacteremia was observed. Extensive epidemiologic studies demonstrated that the mode of spread did not involve passive carriage by personnel or other exogenous sources. Rather endogenous infection with the patient's fecal flora serving as the reservoir was probably responsible for the UTLs. This route of spread was demonstrated prospectively in two patients. Proper and frequent cleansing of the perineal area after catheter insertion should decrease UTIs resulting from this endogenous route. PMID- 822714 TI - Ocular damage induced by near-ultraviolet laser radiation. AB - A quantitative study was conducted of ocular damage thresholds in the rhesus monkey eye from krypton, argon, and nitrogen laser radiation. Corneal and lenticular thresholds are reported for various laser beam parameters. Corneal damage was found to occur following incident energy doses of approximately 60 to 70 Joules per square centimeter (J./cm.2) for pulsewidths ranging from 250 musec to 120 sec. The results are consistent with a photochemical damage mechanism. With certain exposure parameters, cataracts were induced with lower energy doses than required to cause corneal damage. The lenticular thresholds, however, appear to be consistent with a thermal rather than a photochemical mechanism. Corneal and lenticular hazards of near-ultraviolet (near-UV) lasers are discussed in terms of existing safety standards for laser radiation. PMID- 822715 TI - Time and money for vocational rehabilitation of clients with mild, moderate, and severe mental retardation. AB - Mildly, moderately, and severely mentally retarded vocational rehabilitation clients comprised a random national sample of 600 clients. One-half of the sample had been closed (services completed) "rehabilitated", and half had been closed "nonrehabilitated." Variables selected for analyses were time in referral, training, and rehabilitation process; dollars in evaluation, facilities, all services, and earnings. Rehabilitated clients tended to require more time in referral, less moneys for extended evaluation and rehabilitation facilities, and earned more per week than the nonrehabilitated clients. Severely mentally retarded clients required more time in training and higher costs for extended evaluation, rehabilitation facilities, and all services than the moderately or mildly retarded groups. A consistent interaction across five variables indicated that the greatest amounts of service in time and money went to the nonrehabilitated severely retarded group. PMID- 822716 TI - Cul-de-sac isolates from patients with endometritis-salpingitis-peritonitis and gonococcal endocervicitis. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the cul-de-sac in 11 of 17 patients with bacteriologically documented gonococcal endometritis-salpingitis and identified by Gram stain in one other instance. In five, N. gonorrhoeae was the only isolate. In six other patients, the presence of other aerobic (two) and anaerobic bacteria (three), as well as N. gonorrhoeae, was documented. In the remaining six patients, only aerobic and anaerobic organisms were isolated. The data are interpreted as supporting the concept of anaerobic superinfections following initial infection with N. gonorrhoeae late in the course of this disease entity. PMID- 822717 TI - Dysgerminoma of the ovary: radiation therapy for recurrence and metastases. AB - Nine cases of dysgerminoma are reported. Five patients developed recurrence of disease in either the pelvis or metastatic sites including the lung and brain. The metastatic disease was controlled by a radiation dose of 2,000 to 3,000 rads during three to four weeks in four of the patients. The excellent response of dysgerminoma to radiation warrants an optimistic prognosis and vigilant follow-up since metastatic disease can be controlled by moderate radiation doses. PMID- 822718 TI - Umbilical vein occlusion and transient acceleration of the fetal heart rate. Experimental observations in subhuman primates. AB - Transient acceleration of the fetal heart rate is commonly seen in the cardiotachometer tracing of the human fetus during labor. A likely cause appeared to be partial occlusion of the umbilical cord. On the basis of this hypothesis, fetal cardiovascular responses to partial occlusion of the umbilical cord or isolated intra-abdominal portion of umbilical vein were studied in near-term pregnant baboons and rhesus monkeys prior to and following sympathetic blockade with dibenzyline and propranolol. The responses were of two types. In the well oxygenated fetus, partial occlusion resulted in transient acceleration of heart rate and a decrease in pulse pressure. This response was abolished with dibenzyline or propranolol. In the hypoxic fetus, partial occlusion resulted in either bradycardia and hypotension or hypotension with no alteration in heart rate. Thus, transient acceleration of the fetal heart rate can be explained on the basis of a sympathetic response to diminished venous return. It would appear to be an early sign of a potential cord complication. This response will not be seen if the fetus becomes asphyxiated and hypoxic. PMID- 822719 TI - The effect of active immunity against placental proteins on pregnancy in monkeys. AB - Squirrel monkeys were actively immunized against human placental lactogen (HPL) and/or an extract of human placental tissue, or squirrel monkey placenta. Only half of the monkeys immunized with HPL developed a detectable antibody titer to HPL prior to the subsequent mating season. During the subsequent breeding season, the pregnancy rate was cut in half. The titer developed against HPL did not seem to be related to their ability to become pregnant. When the group of animals which had previously been immunized with HPL were challenged with extracts of human placenta, all animals developed detectable circulating antibody. There was no increase in the effectiveness of this immunization as compared to HPL in pregnancy prevention, however. A third group of monkeys were immunized with extracts from their own placental extracts, and all developed some degree of antibody. The titer obtained did not seem to be related to whether or not they became pregnant. In this group, however, the pregnancy rate was decreased to one fourth of what it had been before immunization. PMID- 822720 TI - Umbilical cord compression associated with amniotomy: laboratory observations. AB - Impairment of umbilical cord blood flow has been associated with periodic fetal heart rate changes termed "variable decelerations." These patterns may be observed after amniotomy. A chronic fetal rhesus monkey preparation has been used to investigate this clinical observation. Loss of amniotic fluid produced variable deceleration patterns, while restoration of amniotic fluid volume eliminated such changes. These experimental data demonstrate that amniotic fluid may be critical in protection of the cord and maintenance of normal umbilical cord blood flow. PMID- 822721 TI - The effect of vaginal lubricants on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The possible interference of vaginal lubricants in culture diagnosis of gonorrhea was investigated by studying in vitro effect of selected lubricants on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Two lubricants widely used in family planning and other clinics were demonstrated to have a bactericidal effect on N. gonorrhoeae when tested with more than one method. Gonococci were killed on contact with Lubrifoam, even at a 10 per cent concentration, and an exposure time as short as one minute was sufficient to inhibit the growth on chocolate agar medium. The K-Y jelly showed less inhibitory effect than Lubrifoam. These findings suggest that certain vaginal lubricants have bactericidal effects and their presence can inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 822722 TI - The effect of prophylactic ampicillin on pelvic infection following vaginal hysterectomy. AB - One hundred patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy at the University of Kentucky Medical Center were given prophylactic ampicillin and compared to one hundred control patients. The use of prophylactic ampicillin caused significant reduction in both postoperative pelvic infection and hospital stay. However, two patients in the prophylactic antibiotic group later required readmission for infections resistant to ampicillin. Prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial in vaginal hysterectomy, but careful follow-up of all patients is mandatory. PMID- 822724 TI - Animal model of human disease: carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Schistosoma haematobium infection. PMID- 822725 TI - Morphometric affinities of the human shoulder. AB - To analyze differences between apes and monkeys and the affinities of man, we have studied the shoulder girdle of 327 specimens of anthropoid primates. The scapula, clavicle and humerus are viewed as an integrated functional complex on the basis of 18 measurements. Several varieties of multivariate analysis show that man is clearly closer to other hominoids than to the included monkey taxa (whether terrestrial or arboreal, Old World or New World). The marked shoulder differences between apes and monkeys and similarities between apes and man correlate with the muscular anatomy, which in hominoids allows the motions involved in their locomotion and feeding behavior. As the hominid-pongid correspondence in shoulder morphology is especially detailed regarding the functionally important joint surfaces, it is consistent with a fairly recent period of common ancestry and behavior. No hypothetical evolutionary pathway or ancestral form of the human shoulder need look far beyond the model afforded by extant pongids. In contrast with previous studies on the primate shoulder, these results agree with information accumulationg from other systems--comparative anatomy, primate behavior, and molecular biology-- in suggesting very close relationship between man and extant African pongids. PMID- 822726 TI - Hierarchical grouping analysis and skeletal materials. AB - The technique of hierarchical grouping analysis is examined with respect to its use as a tool in grouping skeletal remains, utilizing both continuous and certain types of discontinuous anthropometric variables. The method is found to be useful when tested with Amerind skeletal materials at the microevolutionary level, and as a technique for sexual differentiation within human and non-human primate populations. The application of this form of cluster analysis to dental data is examined. PMID- 822723 TI - Nutritional disturbances of protein metabolism in the liver. AB - Nutritional disturbances of protein metabolism in the liver are reviewed in relation to feeding experimental animals the following diets: a) purified diets deficient in amino acids; b) amino acid mixtures or single amino acids; c) protein-free (amino acid-free) diets; or d) hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. The effects of tube-feeding the diets or dietary components for days, hours, or minutes on hepatic polyribosomes and protein synthesis are described. Force feeding a purified diet free of single essential amino acids induces within days morphologic changes resembling those that occur in humans with kwashiorkor, a world-wide nutritional deficiency disease in children. In this kwashiorkor-like model, hepatic protein synthesis and polyribosomal aggregation are increased. Administration of a complete amino acid mixture or tryptophan alone, but no other single amino acid, produces a rapid stimulation (within minutes) of hepatic protein synthesis and polyribosomal aggregation in animals that had been fasted, fed, or treated with hepatotoxic agents. A single tube-feeding of a protein-free (amino acid-free) diet induces within hours an increase in hepatic protein synthesis in fasted animals. Administration of hypertonic solutions rapidly (within minutes) inhibits, while administration of hypotonic solutions rapidly increases, hepatic protein systhesis. These experimental findings are reviewed in terms of how alterations in regulatory controls of hepatic protein synthesis may be influenced by nutritional disturbances. Such information may be of importance in designing and utilizing nutritional approaches in the therapy of liver diseases. PMID- 822728 TI - Hominid taphonomy: transport of human skeletal parts in an artificial fluviatile environment. AB - Flume experiments demonstrate that human skeletal parts sort into lag and transportable groups in a current flow of 31 cm/sec. Orientations, rates and types of movement, and stable positions are recorded. Density of a skeletal part is correlated with the average rate of movement, whereas wet weight in air, weight in water, and volume are not. Shape is an important but unquantifiable factor. Complete crania are the fastest moving elements; individual cranial fragments are in the lag group. Omo fluviatile deposits show a preponderance of hominid lag elements, whereas Olduvai and East Rudolf perilacustrine deposits present a mixture of transportable and lag elements. PMID- 822727 TI - Metric variability in the anterior dentition of African colobines. AB - The anterior dentition of three species of African colobines (Colobus polykomos, C. badius, and C. verus) was investigated metrically and the results analyzed for three characters: (1)intraspecific tooth size relations, (2)sexual dimorphism, and (3)interspecific relations. Based on incisor size sequences C. polykomos and C. badius appear to be more closely related to each other than either is to C. verus. However, incorporating the results of a previous study on postcanine dentition the three species appear to be equally closely related. The magnitude of sexual dimorphism in canine size decreases from C. badius to C. verus to C. polykomos. Interspecific differences in the degree of canine size dimorphism may be attributed to differential intensities of male intrasexual selection; however, the interspecific differences in canine size dimorphism do not correspond to the interspecific differences in body size dimorphism. PMID- 822729 TI - Translocation of Y chromosome to an autosome in the Bolivian owl monkey, Aotus. AB - Karyotypic study of a population sample of twenty-one owl monkeys, Aotus, originating from Bolivia, revealed two sex-specific somatic diploid chromosome numbers: 49 for males and 50 for females. The presence of a trivalent in male meiotic figures and the identification of chromosomes by band pattern analysis confirmed the interpretation of a Y-autosome translocation in the males. PMID- 822730 TI - Blood groups of Roms (Gypsies) in Czechoslovakia. AB - Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B- 25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O- 0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive--89.54%, Rh negative--10.46%; Rh - (D)--0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia. PMID- 822731 TI - Functional patterns of molar occlusion in platyrrhine primates. AB - Mechanico-functional features of molar form were studied in Callithrix, Alouatta, Pithecia and Cebus. Molars of Callithrix and Alouatta are adapted to loading foods under relatively high occlusal pressure; those of Pithecia and Cebus, under relatively low occlusal pressure. General functional considerations suggest that these taxa are adapted to insectivorous, folivorous, frugivorous and omnivorous diets, respectively. The physical properties of foods, principally mechanical strength and deformability, determine the selective pressures involved in the evolutionary adaptation of molar form. A dietary classification based upon percentages of foods eaten does not always reflect morphological adaptations. Homologous parts of teeth and homologous parts of the masticatory cycle do not always subserve equivalent functions. The relevance of functional occlusal analysis for deciphering phylogeny and explaining evolutionary grades is stressed. PMID- 822732 TI - Wear striations on the incisors of ceropithecid monkeys as an index of diet and habitat preference. AB - Wear striations on the incisiors of Old World monkeys were examined in order to determine associations between the distributions of striations, diet and habitat preference. Significant differences exist between the Cercopithecinae and the Colobinae in respect to the orientation of incisor wear striations. In the Colobinae striations are oriented in a predominantly mesiodistal direction. In the Cercopithecinae straitions usually have a labiolingual orientation. Comparisons of terrestrial and arboreal genera indicate that significant differences exist between the two groups in respect to the density of striations on the occlusal wear facets of maxillary central incisiors. Arboreal and terrestrial monkeys also differ in the frequency of individual incisor wear facets completely devoid of wear striations. PMID- 822733 TI - Arch form, tooth size, and occlusomandibular kinesis in the Ceboidea. AB - Correlations between dental morphology, arch configuration, and jaw movement patterns were quantitatively investigated in 23 ceboid species to elucidate integrative aspects of occlusal functional anatomy in an adaptive and evolutionary context. Differential maxillary-mandibular arch widths are primary in guiding lateral jaw movements. These movements are characterized according to their associated condylar shifts as either predominantly translatory or rotational. Predominantly translatory movements result from peripheral contact relationships between maxillary arches which are considerably wider posteriorly than their opposing mandibular arches. The greatest degree of mandibular movement is in the molar region in functional association with wide "primitive" maxillary molars, narrow mandibular molars, constricted maxillary intercanine widths, and narrow maxillary incisors. In contrast, predominantly rotational masticatory jaw movements results from differential arch widths which are greatest in the maxillary canine and incisor regions. Here most jaw movement is in the anterior segment and this is reflected in small maxillary-mandibular molar widths differences, a high degree of premolarization, wide-set maxillary canine teeth, and wide maxillary incisors. Possible selectional factors in the putative evolution of rotational predominance in mastication from the more primitive translatory pattern are discussed. PMID- 822734 TI - Sexual dimorphism in bone growth as a function of body size in moderately malnourished Guatemalan preschool age children. AB - The sexual dimorphism in second metacarpal bone growth was investigated in 710 malnourished Guatemalan children one to seven years old to determine if the sex differences seen are only the result of differences in stature and weight. The study sample was mixed-longitudinal and consisted of 1,586 annual examinations. Boys have greater mean stature, weight, periosteal diameter, medullary diameter and cortical area than girls the same age, while girls have greater age specific mean cortical thickness and percent cortical area than boys. When the effects of stature, weight and age are removed boys still have significantly larger periosteal and medullary diameters and less cortical thickness and percent cortical area than girls. These differences between boys and girls therefore cannot be explained by sex differences in body size. However, no sex differences in cortical area remain after accounting for differences in stature, weight and age. PMID- 822735 TI - Skeletal muscle glycogen content: diurnal variation and effects of fasting. AB - To test whether skeletal muscle glycogen concentration is related to food consumption, glycogen content was determined in red (R) and white (W) vastus lateralis and in soleus (S) muscles from six groups of ad libitum-fed rats killed at 4-h intervals and from 24-h-fasted animals killed at 0800 and 1600 h. The animal quarters were illuminated between 0700 and 1900 h. Glycogen values exhibited a peak at 0800 h and a nadir at 2000 h. These changes bore no relationship to blood glucose and lactate or plasma free fatty acids, glucagon, insulin, and corticosterone concentrations. Fasting resulted in reductions of glycogen content of 49% (S), 47% (R), and 29% (W) in animals killed at 0800h, but at 1600h changes were only 23% (RY), 17% (W), and 8% (S). The smaller changes at 1600 h were apparently due to lower glycogen levels in the tissues of the fed animals. It was concluded that skeletal muscle exhibits a diurnal variation in glycogen content, and that, contrary to accepted belief, fating significantly alters muscle glycogen concentration. PMID- 822736 TI - The epidemiology and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. AB - The prevalence rates and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi by complement fixation (CF) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody methods were determined in a population of 1,087 persons living in a rural area endemic for Chagas' disease in northeast Brazil. There was a gradual rise in the rate of seropositivity to 60% by age 20. Between ages 20 and 55 the prevalence rate remained at about 60%, but declined thereafter. The decline in the older age groups was not accompanied by a fall in geometric mean titer, suggesting that the decline might better be explained by an increased mortality among those seropositive than by a decrease in CF reactivity associated with age. There was variation in the rates of seropositivity in children among the geographic subunits, but the rates among adults were fairly uniform. Household clustering of seropositivity was demonstrated when both household size and age distribution were taken into account. The presence of a seropositive child less than 5 years of age was a good indicator of a household with a high rate of seropositivity; screening for young seropositive children might be a useful tool to locate high risk households. Seropositive children in households where the mother was seropositive but the father seronegative were significantly younger than seropositive children in households where the father was seropositive but the mother seronegative even though the age distribution and the overall rate of seropositivity in both groups of children were similar; thus, conversion to seropositivity earlier in life in children of seropositive mothers may not be due solely to increased exposure, but may indicate that the immunologic response in such children differed from that of children from seronegative mothers. PMID- 822738 TI - Retrograde esophageal dilatation in children: an alternative to the indwelling string. AB - Repeated esophageal dilatation for chronic strictures secondary to corrosive burns or anastomotic scarring is commonly performed by the retrograde technic in children. This requires the presence of an indwelling string, tied in a circle, entering the nose, and exiting the gastrostomy site. Long-term presence of this string frequently leads to nasal and gastrostomy excoriations and resultant patient discomfort. We advocate and describe a technic using a piece of Silastic tubing as an alternative to the indwelling string. This has met with increased patient acceptance and comfort as compared with the previous "heavysilk" or other "string" materials. PMID- 822737 TI - Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with other serologic tests in the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Application of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in sera of 180 subjects from an endemic area (Bolivia), and 50 subjects from a nonendemic area (U.S.A.) was carried out, and the results were compared to ones obtained with latex agglutination (LA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA). The optimal conditions for CIE were determined to be as follows: barbitone buffer of pH 8.2 and ionic strength 0.05 M was used in the chambers and in preparing the 1% agarose plates. The wells in the plates were 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm apart. Electric current was applied at 500 volts and 25 mA for 60 minutes. T. cruzi antigen (Center for Disease Control) was used in a dilution of 1:2. The sera were studied undiluted. The study population comprised the following groups: LA+ IHA+ (group I); LA+ IHA- (group II); LA- IHA+ (group III); LA- IHA- (group IV); and the control group (group V). Each group was comprised of 50 sera, except for group II which was comprised of only 30 sera. Antibodies were detected by CIE in 94% of sera in group I, 40% in group II, 76% in group III and 6% in group IV. There were no positive reactions in group V. CIE was positive in 74% of sera from the combined LA+ serum groups (I and II), and in 85% of sera from the IHA+ groups (I and III). A good correlation between CIE and the other tests in the LA+ and IHA+ group (I), and the lack of false positive reactions in group V suggest that CIE is a good diagnostic method for detection of T. cruzi antibodies. However, this study showed that IHA is a more sensitive test in epidemiological surveys than CIE. The finding of 6% sera positive by CIE in group IV may indicate a lower specificity of the test. PMID- 822739 TI - Influence of the hypothalamic mammillary area on the kidney function in rats. PMID- 822740 TI - [Analysis of the effect of estrogens on the antigenic structure of the uterus of mice in the postnatal development]. PMID- 822742 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of carcinogen-nucleoside conjugates: separation of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene derivatives. PMID- 822741 TI - [Foveolar aplasia in tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinisim (author's transl)]. AB - The eye of a 47 year old man with tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism, photophobia, nystagmus and visual acuity 0, 4-0, 5 was histologically examined after orbital exenteration for neoplasia. Histologic serial sections of the centre of the retina showed a continuous 6-8 cell-layer of ganglion cells, without any suggestion of a foveolar pit. The outer layers of the macular retina were altered secondarily by tumor-impression-folds; they were unremarkable at the periphery as were the acid mucopolysaccharides in the receptor region. Electron microscopy of the uvea and the retinal pigment epithelium showed a normal number of pigment granules but a deficiency of melanin, as well as structural anomalies. The absence of the foveolar pit and the decrease of visual acuity in tyrosinase positive albinism is caused by definite morphologic alteration in the arrangement of ganglion cells in the macular region in the sense of a foveolar aplasia. The etiology is discussed. An identic anomaly has been described in aniridia, similar ones in other congenital ocular diseases. PMID- 822743 TI - Immunosedimentation: a combination of ultracentrifugation using acrylamide gel followed by immunodiffusion in agarose gel. PMID- 822744 TI - Conversion of acetylene reduction rates to nitrogen fixation rates in natural populations of blue-green algae. PMID- 822745 TI - An improved assay for steroid glucuronyltransferase in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 822746 TI - Purification and comparison of elastins from different animal species. PMID- 822747 TI - An improved staining procedure for the detection of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome P-450 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 822748 TI - Calculating extinction coefficients for enzymatically produced o-quinones. PMID- 822749 TI - The quantitation of ribosome-bound Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L7L12 by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 822750 TI - A sensitive new assay for the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxy L-phenylalanine by tyrosinase. PMID- 822751 TI - The kinetic catalytic ultramicro determination of some 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives. PMID- 822752 TI - Systemic and regional blood flow during epidural anesthesia without epinephrine in the rhesus monkey. AB - The radioactive-microsphere technique was used to determine distribution of cardiac output and regional blood flow in rhesus monkeys before and 10, 20, 40, and 80 minutes after induction of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine (1 per cent) without epinephrine. Four monkeys were studied during low epidural anesthesia (sensory level T10) and five other monkeys were studied during high epidural anesthesia (sensory level T1). During T10 epidural anesthesia. During T1 epidural anesthesia, blood flow (per 100 g tissue) to the lower extremity was significantly increased 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia. There was no other significant change in regional blood flow during T10 epidural anesthesia. During T1 epidural anesthesia, blood flow to the heart was significantly reduced at 10 minutes, blood flow to the liver was significantly reduced at 10 and 40 minutes, blood flows to kidneys and miscellaneous organs (lymph nodes, salivary glands, etc.) were significantly reduced at 10, 20, and 40 minutes, and blood flow to the brain was significantly reduced throughout anesthesia. Vascular resistance in the lower extremity was reduced in each monkey following epidural anesthesia, indicating arteriolar dilatation. Also, during both levels of anesthesia, the lungs received an increased proportion of the microspheres, suggesting an increased periopheral arteriovenous shunting of microspheres due to the arteriolar dilatation. PMID- 822753 TI - Exchange in vitro of subunits between enzymes from different organisms: chimeras of enzymes. PMID- 822754 TI - Biosynthesis of the purple membrane of halobacteria. PMID- 822755 TI - A synthesis of prostaglandins: strategy and reality. PMID- 822756 TI - Mustelan, the malodorous substance from the anal gland of the mink (Mustela vison) and the polecat (Mustela putorius). PMID- 822758 TI - Trialkylallenes from 1,1-disubstituted propargylic acetates. PMID- 822757 TI - Recovery of chiral alpha-ferrocenylalkylamines on stereoselective peptide synthesis by four-component condensation. PMID- 822759 TI - Facile preparation of 5'-cyano- and 5'-carboxynucleosides. PMID- 822760 TI - Double-blind, cross-over study of cromolyn sodium inhibition of exercise-induced bronchospasm in adults. AB - Twelve asthmatic subjects with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) were studied during two initial and one final control period as well as after placebo lactose and 20 mg cromolyn sodium administered 15 minutes before treadmill exercise. During exercise the heart rate was maintained at approximately 80% of the age adjusted predicted maximum. The mean FEV1 in the 12 subjects decreased 40% and 33% after exercise during control periods, 28% with placebo treatment and 13% after cromolyn sodium. Placebo was associated with 25% and cromolyn sodium with 67% protection of FEV1 (P less than 0.005). Similar effects were noted on FVC and MMF measurements. Cromolyn sodium appeared to decrease EIB in seven of the 12 asthmatic patients. The results of this study suggest that cromolyn sodium is effective in some adult patients with EIB. PMID- 822761 TI - Effects on growing swine and sheep of two polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Dietary polychlorinated biphenyls in feeds at concentrations of 20 ppm given to swine and sheep between weaning and time of their reaching market weight reduced feed efficiency and rate of gain. These effects were of the same magnitude as those observed in swine and sheep fed sub-optimal diets, and in swine, there was a highly significant interaction between diet and polychlorinated biphenyl effects. Gross and microscopic lesions were few, consisting of increased frequency of pneumonia in swine and sheep and of increased frequency and severity of gastric lesions in swine. The gastric lesions in swine consisted of erosions of surface mucosa; these lesions were greater in the swine given the higher dose levels when they included hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and deep ulcerative lesions. PMID- 822763 TI - Now tooling up: a new federalized health planning system. PMID- 822762 TI - Serum levels of progesterone, estradiol, and hydrocortisone in ewes after abortion due to Listeria monocytogenes type 5. AB - Estradiol, progesterone, and hydrocortisone were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral serum of pregnant ewes infected with Listeria monocytogenes type 5 and in normal pregnant controls. Progesterone had decreased in both groups at abortion or parturition. Estradiol and hydrocortisone of control ewes had increased at parturition. In infected ewes, the serum hydrocortisone value was high for 3 days after inoculation, but it returned to preinoculation levels for the remainder of gestation. Serum concentrations of hydrocortisone did not change, and estradiol values increased slightly at abortion by infected ewes. PMID- 822765 TI - Letter: Demeclocycline treatment of water retention in cirrhosis. PMID- 822764 TI - Maintenance of therapeutic phenytoin plasma levels via intramuscular administration. AB - A parenteral dosing regimen was designed for the immediate attainment and maintenance of therapeutic plasma levels of phenytoin in patients requiring anticonvulsant therapy, but not able to tolerate oral medication. An intravenous dose of 10.7 mg/kg body weight infused at a rate of 25 mg/min immediately followed by an intramuscular dose of 12.7 mg/kg body weight were administered initially. This was followed by daily intramuscular maintenance doses, generally 8.6 mg/kg body weight, until oral medication could be tolerated. Due to variability between subjects, primarily in metabolism, the predicted maintenance doses had to be adjusted in approximately one third of the patients. This regimen for the dosing of phenytoin was evaluated in 98 patients and consistently yielded therapeutic levels. PMID- 822767 TI - [Insulin]. AB - After a short survey of the different methods for the radioimmunological dosage of insulin, the significance of insulinaemia in fasting conditions and of the insulinaemic curves after stimulation is taken into consideration as regards some physiological aspects. Dosage of insulin in the study of various pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, is throughly examined, also in order to point out its possible diagnostic limitations. The kinetic aspects concerning the hormone situation and requiring the knowledge of other parameters are studied. The remarkable diagnostic usefulness of insulinaemia measurement in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemic syndromes is pointed out. PMID- 822766 TI - [Human chorionic somatommamotropin]. PMID- 822768 TI - [Thyroxine and triiodothyronine]. AB - The value of measurements of serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in the clinical evaluation of thyroid function is well established. In the present report the properties of the methods currently available for the assessment of circulating thyroid hormones are examined. Recent data indicate that results of measurements of serum T4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or by displacement analysis are qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Evidence has been provided from this and other laboratories that elevated or subnormal serum levels of total tt4 may be observed in several euthyroid physiologicmal serum levels of total T4 may be observed in several euthyroid physiological or pathological conditions associated with altered capacity of the thyroxine-binding protein; in these cases a normal free thyroxine index is usually found indicating its importance in the evaluation of thyroid function. Several physiological observations and the recent recognition of clinical conditions associated with changes in the T4/T3 ratio, justify the present interest in the measurement of serum T3. The advantages of RIA methods with respect to displacement techniques in the determination of this hormone are well documented. The AA. report here their experience with a simple RIA method for total T3, using a single Sephadex G25 column for extraction of T3 from serum and for separation of bound from free hormone. The mean (+/-SD) values of serum T3 found in 78 normal, 23 hyperthyroid and 25 hypothyroid subjects were as follows:160+/37ng/dl, 604+/195ng/dl and 35+/23ng/dl respectively. High values were found in 19 pregnant women at delivery (236+/29ng/dl), but not in 5 subjects on contraceptives (156+/42ng/dl). A relatively large variability is noted when normal values reported from different laboratories are compared. This may be related at least in part to geographical and/or ethnical factors, but methodolgical differences may also be involved. The normal range of circulating T3 should be established in each individual laboratory. PMID- 822770 TI - [The r(22) syndrome, Apropos of 4 new cases]. AB - Four patients with a ring derived from chromosome n 22 - r(22)-are reported. The clinical syndrome is described, based on the description of these patients and ten others already reported in the litterature. The "doe's eye" anomaly appears to be the only morphological symptom of the disease. Mental retardation is pronounced and associated with disturbed equilibrium. PMID- 822769 TI - [An acellular vaccine from "Pseudomonas aeruginosa." I. Preparation and activity (author's transl)]. AB - From a strain (72 V) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we have prepared an acellular vaccine P2, which showed a good efficiency against homologous experimental infection in mice. The extraction procedure is as follows: washed bacterial cells are suspended in 0,15 M NaCl and heated at 60 degrees centigrade for 1 hr; after centrifugation, the supernatant fluid is precipitated with one and five volumes of ethanol. This acellular vaccine possess the following properties: rapid efficiency (10 days) after a single or three inoculations of very small doses (ED50 = 0.014 mug per mouse); weak toxicity (LD50 = 1,148 mug per mouse, subcutaneous route); capacity for production of specific protective antibodies. PMID- 822771 TI - The efficacy of arm circumference as a substitute for weight in assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The efficacy of arm circumference in identifying children suffering from different degrees of undernutrition was studied on 605 rural pre-school children, using standards for height, weight and arm circumference obtained on a group of well-to-do healthy children. The results indicated that there existed 57 per cent and 73 per cent agreement in the assessment using arm circumference on one hand, and weight and weight for height respectively on the other. Some children, who were severely undernourished on the basis of weight for age, weight for height and muscle circumference were classified as normal based on arm circumference. PMID- 822773 TI - ABO and Rhesus (D) blood group results from the Isle of Mull. AB - Isle of Mull natives differ from an immigrant group in their ABO distributions, particularly in their high r gene frequencies. The results are compared with those of nearby populations. PMID- 822772 TI - Associations between polymorphic variety and disease susceptibility in two New Guinea populations. AB - During the Australian/British IBP studies on KarKar Island and at Lufa in the Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea, information was collected on the epidemiology and genetic constitution of the same subjects. Advantage of this special situation has been taken to determine whether any associations exist between the genetic markers and the disease states. Those found and which appear real include Rhesus D(u) with proteinuria; MN with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly; Ss with parotid enlargement; acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogense and haemoglobin J- Tongariki with presence of malarial parasites; phosphoglucomutase with proteinuria and parotid enlargement; haptoglobin with proteinuria and with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. These associations are discussed in terms of the probabilities of their arising from heterogeneity in population structure, linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy. PMID- 822774 TI - Structure of antibody combining sites. PMID- 822775 TI - An idiotypic marker for the VL region of an homogeneous antibody. AB - Studies on the inheritance of idiotypes in rabbits have not yielded consistently positive results. This inconsistency may be due to the fact that an idiotype is a complex phenotype, dependent in most cases on the coordinate expression of unlinked H and L chain genes. In an attempt to reduce this complexity, H and L chain specific idiotypes have been sought. In one fortuitous instance, an homologous antiidiotypic serum raised against homogeneous antistreptococcal antibody 4539 was shown to bind free 4539 L chain. An anti-idiotypic antibody fraction specific for the L chain was isolated from this antiserum by affinity chromatography on a column to which 4539 L chains had been covalently bound. The specificity of this preparation was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, and sera from both related and unrelated rabbits were screened for the presence of the L chain idiotype. Positive tests were obtained for sera from 56% of related rabbits immunized with group C streptococci, while preimmune sera and group C and group A antisera from unrelated rabbits had no detectable levels of the 4539 L chain idiotype. The 4539 L chain also expressed a recently described, genetically determined CL marker (b4var). This combination of markers will allow CL-VL linkage studies. More recently a procedure specifically designed to elicit chain specific idiotypic antisera has been successfully tested, yielding an antiserum specific for the H chain of another antistreptococcal antibody, 4135. PMID- 822776 TI - Structure and function of immunoglobulin genes and immunoglobulin precursors. AB - To gain information on the origin of antibody diversity (somatic mutation or germ line hypothesis) it is necessary to determine the number of V region genes. For this purpose the capacity of a distinct V region probe to hybridize and quantify V genes of the same and different subgroups should be established. Relevant information on this issue was obtained from the extent of cross-hybridization of a distinct L chain cDNA with mRNAs coding for L chains of the same and different subgroups. The results indicated that: (1) V regions of similar amino acid sequence are coded by similar nucleotide sequence (this is not self-evident because of the degeneracy of the genetic code); (2) the nucleic acid probe to one V region may anneal and quantify V genes of members of the same subgroup. Molecular hybridizations of the cDNA probe with nuclear DNA showed that: (1) the number of kappa type C genes is small (about 2 per haploid genome); (2) the number of V genes presumably is also small; (3) there is no amplification of these genes in myeloma cells that produce large amounts of the Ig. These results support the somatic mutation model for the generation of antibody diversity. New information on the structure and controlled expression of Ig genes was obtained from the study of L chain precursors, which are the immediate product of L chain mRNA translation in vitro. In the precursors extra peptide segments (19-22 residues in length) precede the N-terminus of the mature L chain. Amino acid sequence analyses of the precursors provide evidence that: (1) the gene coding for the V region is larger than hitherto known; (2) duplication of a short DNA segment occurred in the structural gene coding for the MOPC-321 precursor; (3) translation of the L chain mRNA may be contingent on the nucleotide sequence coding for the extra piece; (4) cleavage of the extra piece may regulate secretion of mature L chain; (5) the extra piece is remarkably hydrophobic, suggesting that the role of the extra piece is to anchor the precursor in cell membranes, in a manner similar to the function of the "hydrophobic domain" of membrane bound proteins. We propose that most precursor molecules are directed to the endoplasmic reticulum where the extra piece is cleaved to yield mature Ig destined for secretion; a few precursor molecules escape cleavage and are anchored by means of the hydrophobic extra piece in the cell-surface membrane to serve as the antigen-recognizing receptor. PMID- 822777 TI - Generation of immunoglobulin class diversity in b cells: a discussion with emphasis on idg development. PMID- 822778 TI - The peritoneal cell phenomenon: its general significance in cellular immunology. PMID- 822779 TI - [Behavioral data on visual discrimination in animals]. PMID- 822780 TI - Photoregulation of biologically active macromolecules. AB - A broad view is given of photoregulated processes as they occur in algae, fungi, halophilic bacteria, higher plants, invertebrates, and higher animals. Emphasis is on the following: the organs, tissues, and organelles that participate; the nature of the photoreceptor pigments; the light-induced structural changes that occur in the photopigments; and the way in which the photochemical events are believed to be translated into the physiological response. An attempt is made to show that there exist common biochemical attributes in all systems. In particular, they depend upon the ability of a low-molecular-weight to regulate a biologically active macromolecule, which may or may not be incorporated into a membrane. This is a common type of biochemical regulation and is, for example, the basis of allosterism. The additional refinement in photosensitive systems is the ability of light to alter the stereochemistry of the low-molecular-weight effector molecule and thus to modify its effect on the macromolecule. Model photosensitive systems are examined that incorporate control mechanisms that function in natural systems. For example, there are systems in which enzymes, normally insensitive to light, are made subject to photoregulation. In others, membrane permeability is rendered photoresponsive. A comparison of the model systems was processes found in nature permits the formulation of an hypothesis to explain how naturally occurring photoresponsive systems might have evolved. PMID- 822781 TI - Lack of effect of partial spinal cord sections upon thermal discrimination in the monkey. AB - Monkeys, previously trained to discriminate between "warm" and "cool" stimuli to the skin, were used to test whether the interruption of certain pathways in the spinal cord causes permanet deficits in thermoesthesia. Lesions of the spinothalamic, spinocervical and dorsal funiculi pathways failed to interrupt temperature discrimination, as did also hemisection of the cord. It appears that there is a large safety factor for the conduction of the sensory afferent data singling skin temperature. PMID- 822782 TI - Aluminum chloride in the treatment of symptomatic athelete's foot. AB - Various aluminum salts were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity and ability to bind with serum proteins (astrigency) with the object of finding a colorless substance to substitute for carbol-fuchsin solution (Castellani paint) in the treatment of symptomatic interdigital athlete's foot. Aluminum chlorohydrate was more powerful in killing bacteria and fungi than aluminum acetate and aluminum chloride. However, aluminum chloride showed pronounced astringency and was the only compound to bring about rapid resolution of the signs and symptoms of athlete's foot in open-ended clinical trials. This salt promptly controls odor, pruritus, and maceration. The beneficial effect depends largely on drying the surface, not killing organisms. A solution of 30% aluminum chloride was found to be equlvalent to carbol-fuchsin solution in effectively treating symptomatic athlete's foot. PMID- 822783 TI - Management of pemphigus with gold compounds: a long-term follow-up report. AB - Fourteen of 15 patients with pemphlgus have responded successfully to systemically administered gold therapy for up to four years. Eight of the 15 (56%) are in remission, requiring no therapy (mean, 21 months). The remaining seven patients are receiving maintenance systemic gold therapy. Only one instance of toxicity was seen during maintenance therapy. The high remission rate associated with gold therapy and the infrequent side-effects during maintenance therapy suggest that systemically given gold therapy may be the treatment of choice for the management of pemphigus, following initial therapy with corticosteroids when necessary. PMID- 822784 TI - Norwegian scabies: occurrence in a patient undergoing immunosuppression. AB - Norwegian scabies is rare yet distinctive. The majority of reported cases have been in patients with relatively small group of diseases, including Down syndrome and lepromatous leprosy. A case occurred in a patient on long-term immunosuppressive therapy following a kidney transplant. Altered host factors appear to be the prime determinants in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 822786 TI - Is cystic fibrosis an acid mucopolysaccharidosis? AB - A case of cystic fibrosis with myocardial fibrosis and acid mucopolysaccharide deposits in the myocardium is described. The case supports the theory that cystic fibrosis may be a genetic acid mucopolysaccharidosis. PMID- 822785 TI - Dermatomyositis in childhood. Review of eight cases. AB - Eight cases of dermatomyositis in children admitted to Scottish hospitals between 1962 and 1972 have been reviewed. 6 of the 8 were currently in complete remission. In the other 2 cases the disease remained active in 1 and 1 had died of cardiac failure 6 years after the onset of disease. 5 had developed extensive soft tissue calcification for which 2 were treated with ethanehydroxydiphosphonate, one showing definite improvement and the other no change. All had been treated with corticosteroids and two in addition had had cytotoxic agents (methotrexate or cyclophosphamide). The overal prognosis had probably been improved by the use of corticosteroids but not by the cytotoxic drugs. Only one of the patients was incapacitated by residual contractures or calcinosis. PMID- 822787 TI - Letter: Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the newborn. PMID- 822788 TI - [Pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis. Light- and electron microscopical investigations (author's transl)]. AB - Light- and electron microscopical investigations of the pathogenesis of Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis can support those views which consider the Schwanncells in these tumors to develop from mesenchymal cells, that means from reticular fibroblasts. It seems to be of special interest that these cells while transforming to Schwann cells become successive coated with a glycocalyx (surface coat); The whirle-or onion skin like formation of the tumor cells lead to a splitting of the ground substance into numerous compartments accompanied by a change in ground substance composition. This obviously cohere with an increasing number of mast cells within the tumor. It may be that these arrangements of the tumor tissue plays an important part in tumor growth. With this, the great importance of a regular composition of the extracellular matrix and cell surface coats for an undisturbed flow of information from cell to cell is discussed. PMID- 822789 TI - [Focal dermal hypoplasia with apocrine nevi and striation of bones (author's transl)]. AB - In a 22 year-old female patient affected with focal dermal hypoplasia, multiple apocrine nevi occurred in the sternal region; these nevi may be part of the syndrome. Roentgenograms of the long bones revealed marked longitudinal striations. This anomaly represents a characteristic and hitherto underestimated feature of the syndrome. PMID- 822790 TI - Evaluation of serological diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis in clinically suspected patients. PMID- 822791 TI - Use of the doubly tapered graft for the creation of a systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt. AB - It is now possible to construct vascular grafts of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene having complex configurations. In this series of experiments a double tapered graft was used to create a bypass shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery in rhesus monkeys and between the aorta and the iliac artery in dogs. When the synthetic material was placed under a slight degree of tension, a high degree of patency was achieved in animals killed three to six months following implantation. The use of this approach in neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease necessitating the creation of systemic pulmonary artery shunts is suggested as a new method to achieve a controlled lumen size and an increased patency rate, while simultaneously decreasing the incidence of congestive heart failure or of late stricture of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 822792 TI - The absorption, distribution and metabolic fate of danazol in rats, monkeys and human volunteers. AB - The metabolism of danazol has been investigated in the rat, the monkey and in human volunteers using 14C-isoxazolo-, 14C-ethynyl, 6,7-tritiated and unlabelled compound. The drug was well absorbed, and rapidly metabolized; approximately 60 endproducts were seen in monkey urine. Four compounds have been unequivocally identified in monkey fecal extracts by physico-chemical methods; several others have been tentatively identified by chromatographic means. Very little unchanged danazol was found in monkey urine or feces at physiological dosages; the major identified urinary and fecal end-products were 2-hydroxymethylethisterone, delta1 2-hydroxymethylethisterone and ethisterone. In the rat the major portion of the radioactivity was excreted in the fecal matter, while in the monkey about equal portions were eliminated in urine and feces. Tissue distribution studies in monkeys and rats showed concentrations greater than the plasma levels only in the liver, adrenal glands and kidneys. PMID- 822793 TI - A possible physiological function of the oxygen-photoreducing system of Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Anaerobic suspensions of Rhodospirillum rubrum cells which had been grown in the dark under low oxygen tension showed only a small increase of their ATP content when illuminated for 30 s. The same suspensions failed to start immediate growth in the light. Both high light-induced ATP levels and immediate phototrophic growth were elicited by small amounts of oxygen which were insufficient by themselves to raise the ATP levels or to support growth in the dark. The oxygen requirement for growth disappeared after some time of anaerobic illumination and was not observed in suspensions of cells which had been grown in the light under anaerobiosis. Furthermore, these phototrophic cells reached the maximum levels of ATP when illuminated in the absence of oxygen. Strain F11, a mutant derivative of Rhodospirillum rubrum which lacked the ability to photoreduce oxygen in vitro, needed abnormally high amounts of oxygen to increase its ATP levels and to grow in the light. Besides, KCN inhibited the increase of ATP levels in illuminated mutant cells but not in wild type cells. An additional difference between both strains was that the oxygen requirement for growth did not disappear in the mutant after some time of anaerobic incubation in the light. To explain these observations, it is proposed that the photosynthetic system of semiaerobically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum becomes overreduced under anaerobiosis. The oxygen photoreducing system, which is impaired in the mutant is apparently used to oxidize the photosynthetic system to its optimal redox state, carrying electrons to oxygen or to other endogenous acceptors which are formed during incubation in the light. The mutant seems to replace the defective system by a cyanide sensitive pathway which may reduce oxygen but not the alternative endogenous acceptors. PMID- 822794 TI - Uptake and incorporation of pyrimidines in Euglena gracilis. AB - In photoorganotrophically grown cells of Euglena gracilis the uptake and incorporation degree of 12 different pyrimidines were tested. The rate of uptake of pyrimidines has distinct maxima in the late log phase and in the stationary phase of cell multiplication. The kinetics of uptake are linear in the first 2 h, do not show saturation at various concentrations and increase with the concetrations. No accumulation of the pyrimidines at various concentrations could be observed in the first 2 h of incubation. Membrane inhibitors as uranyl acetate inhibit the uptake of the reference substance alpha-AIB, which is wellknown transported by an active transport mechanism, but have no effect on uptake rate of uracil and cytosine. It could not be observed an energy requirement tested in temperature dependence and with electron transport inhibitors. Uptake of uridine, uracil, barbituric acid and alpha-AIB is inhibited by cycloheximide in a different manner after 5 - 10 min. PMID- 822795 TI - [Relations between catabolite repression and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. AB - Acetoin dehydrogenase can be catabolite repressed by numerous sources of carbon. The following results point out that the catabolite repression of this enzyme and the inhibition of sporulation are mediated by the same mechanism: 1. Mutants, able to synthesize acetoin dehydrogenase in the presence of glucose, sporulate in glucose medium at a higher rate than the standard strain. 2. The catabolite repressing effect of a compound and its ability to inhibit sporulation are in a direct relation to each other. 3. The limitation of inorganic phosphate in the growth medium, which is known to favour sporulation, counteracts the catabolite repressing effect of glucose. PMID- 822796 TI - Electron microscopy of isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger. AB - Isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis have astriated appearance in the electron microscope. The structure persists when teichoic acids are removed. It is inferred that the structure bears on the arrangement of the peptidoglycan chains. PMID- 822797 TI - Some physiological functions of the L-leucine dehydrogenase in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis constitutive for L-leucine dehydrogenase synthesis were selected. Using these mutants we could determine two functional roles for the L-leucine dehydrogenase. This enzyme liberates ammonium ions from branched chain amino acids when supplied as the sole nitrogen source. Another function is to synthesize from L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine the branched chain alpha keto acids which are precursors of branched chain fatty acid biosythesis. These results together with the inducibility of the enzyme suggest that the L-leucine dehydrogenase has primarily a catabolic rather than an anabolic function in the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 822798 TI - Functional 70S hybrid ribosomes from blue-green algae and bacteria. AB - Hybrid 70S ribosomes were produced by combing Anacystis nidulans and Escherichia coli 30S and 50S subunits. Both the A. nidulans 30SE. coli 50S and E. coli 30S- A. nidulans 50S hybrids were functional in synthesizing protein when tested in a standard in vitro amino acid incorporating system. Both 70S hybrids were inhibited by streptomycin but the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the source of the 30S subunit. The ability to form functional 70S ribosomes from subunits of blue-green algae and bacteria is further evidence of the procaryotic nature of blue-greens and of the functional homology of the two protein synthesizing systems. PMID- 822799 TI - [Oncogenic viruses: progress and problems (author's transl)]. AB - Oncogenic RNA viruses have been found in many species of mammals. The presence of oncogenic viruses in man is probable. DNA viruses suspectable to oncogenic action are increasingly studied. The importance of actual studies on the viral etiology of tumors is presented. PMID- 822800 TI - Proteinuria in the acute phase of viral hepatitis in children and the influence of HBAg antigen. AB - In 55 children in the acute phase of viral hepatitis with HB Ag antigenemia, and in 24 without antigenemia, total urinary protein excretion and frequency of excretion of the following serum proteins in urine were studied: alpha1 glycoprotein, haptoglobin, transferrin, A, G and M immunoglobulins, light immunoglobulin chains of the phi and gamma types, and Fc and Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children without HB Ag antigenemia and 8 with antigenemia. The type of proteinuria was determined by electrophoresis of serum proteins excreted in the urine on Cellogen-RS. In children suffering from viral hepatitis the urine contained serum proteins significantly more often than in healthy children. HB ag antigenemia had no influence on the degree or type of proteinuria. In children suffering from viral hepatitis with and without HG Ag antigenemia, proteinuria was of the selectively glomerular type, and less often of mixed glomerulo-tubular type with selective glomerular component. It follows that the HB Ag antigen has np distinctly detrimental effect on the renal glomeruli in the acute phase of viral hepatitis, in which the vascular endothelium of renal glomerular blood vessels is probably injured. Less ofter, in children in the acute phase of viral hepatitis function of the proximal segment of the tubules is damaged with appearance in the proteinogram of Berggard's microglobulins. PMID- 822801 TI - Ischemic carotid endothelium. Transmission electron microscopic studies. AB - The endothelium of monkey and rabbit common carotid arteries subjected to ischemia was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The right carotid artery of 24 rhesus monkeys was occluded by proximal and distal placement of removable surgical clips for periods ranging from five minutes to four hours. A single clip was used to occlude the right carotid artery of 15 rabbits for periods ranging from 5 to 30 minutes. With TEM, numerous blebs, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, membranous whorls, and pseudopodia were found in the endothelium of arterial segments subjected to ischemia by double or single clipping for as little as five minutes. Following occlusion of one hour or longer, disruption of interendothelial junctions was also noted. These TEM findings were compared with earlier TEM studies of the response of endothelium to other injurious stimuli and with previous scanning electron microscopic studies in which the same ischemic models were utilized. PMID- 822802 TI - Nuclear fibrous lamina in the rheumatoid synovium. AB - Biopsy specimens of synovial membrane were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from patients with nonrheumatoid conditions. Comparison of the mean thickness of the lamina in the rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid groups showed a statistically significant thickening of the lamina in the rheumatoid group (rho less than .01). There was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the lamina before and after chrysotherapy. PMID- 822803 TI - [Electrochemical standardization of sustained-release coating material, I (author's transl)]. PMID- 822804 TI - [Electrochemical standardization of sustained-release coating material, III (author's transl)]. PMID- 822805 TI - [Sphingolipid storage disease as an example of a molecular neuropathology (author's transl)]. AB - A short survey on the sphingolipid storage diseases is presented. The chemical nature of the accumulated substances is related to the genetically induced enzymic blocks on their biodegradation. Two disorders are stressed with alter the nervous system: metachromatic leukodystrophy and familiar infantile amaurotic idiocy (GM2-gangliosidosis). The difficulties in the causal interpretation of three variants of the latter disease due to the involvement of isoenzymes are dealt with. The relationship between the enzyme defect in these disorders and their time of clinical onset is discussed. Finally, the diagnostic possibilities are presented which are a prerequisite for preventing a further dissemination of these therapy-resistent inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 822806 TI - Probable progress in the therapy of organophosphate poisoning: extracorporeal hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. AB - Whether or not extracorporeal hemodialysis or hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal might be used in eliminating organophosphates following poisoning with nitrostigmine, demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide, or dimethoate was here examined. Nitrostigmine could not be hemodialysed. The other two organophosphates, on the other hand could be well eliminated from the blood by hemodialysis. The clearance rates for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate were 52.98 ml/min and 59.07 ml/min respectively, at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The clearance values for hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal were higher under the same trial conditions, the values being 83.70 ml/min for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and 87.84 ml/min for dimethoate. Nitrostigmine, too, could be eliminated from the blood by hemoperfusion, its clearance being 59.20 ml/min. PMID- 822807 TI - Bronchodilator therapy. PMID- 822808 TI - [The Q-B interval in the chronic form of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 822809 TI - [Lipid metabolism in Chagas' disease. Aspects of the radioactivity curves of the blood after ingestion of triolein labelled with I-131]. PMID- 822811 TI - Editorial: Resource allocation for the severely brain damaged. PMID- 822810 TI - [Congenital diverticulun of the left ventricle. Report of an operated case]. PMID- 822812 TI - Seizures and adaptive abilities. A case of identical twins. AB - The effects of seizures on performance were investigated in a pair of identical twins who were concordant for incidence of epilepsy, but who had highly contrasting histories of seizure frequency. An evaluation of abilities focused on intelligence, academic achievement, neuropsychologic functions, and emotional and social adjustments. While both twins showed some disabilities, the twin with the larger number of seizures was less able in every area examined. The results suggest that the greater seizure frequency is related to the lesser abilities. PMID- 822813 TI - Innervated temporal-muscle mastoid flaps. AB - Histological comparisons have been made of predicted temporal-muscle flaps with and without an intact nerve supply. The viability of the musculoplasty depends on maintenance of the neural bundle. PMID- 822814 TI - Developmental origin of even spacing between the microchaetes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In D. melanogaster, evenness of spacing is a prominent feature of the patterns of microchaetes. As a general explanation of this characteristic, Wigglesworth has suggested a scheme whereby some epidermal cells become singled out (determined) at random to differentiate bristles, and the same potential in neighbouring cells issuppressed by the determined ones. Though this model may be satisfactory for other epidermal regions, the spacing between bristles within some of the mid dorsal thoracic acrostichal rows is too even to be accommodated. PMID- 822815 TI - Preliminary studies on the mucus secretion of the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio F. I. Physicochemical and biochemical properties. AB - The major component of S. noctilio mucus appears to be a protein-polysaccharide complex with probable molecular weight in the range 60000-100000. In aqueous solution the macromolecule undergoes slow spontaneous disaggregation to yield dialysable subunits of molecular weight 2000-6000 which retain all the physiological activity of the whole mucus. More rapid disaggregation is brought about by treatment of solutions with moderate concentrations of NaCl, KC1 OR CaCl2, or by heating. The native mucus contains amylase, esterase, phenoloxidase and proteolytic enzyme activities, and it is suggested that these enzymes may be responsible, at least in part, for the "natural" disaggregation process. PMID- 822817 TI - Use of the agar-gel precipitin test to evaluate broiler breeder and commercial layer flocks for Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. AB - In the absence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolation, the importance of agar gel precipitin (AGP) tests along with microhemagglutination-inhibition (mHI) and serum plate agglutination (SPA) tests for the evaluation of poultry flocks for MG infection was demonstrated. A good correlation between AGP, mHI, and SPA tests for the early confirmation of MG in a flock was observed, except for the breeder flocks from which WVU 907 was isolated. The serums of such breeder flocks were positive for SPA and AGP test but negative for the mHI test. Isolation of MG for confirmation of the status of the flock was unsatisfactory in the later stages of infection or when nonpathogenic organisms were present in appreciable numbers. In the absence of MG or M. synoviae (MS) isolation, demonstration of agglutinin, precipitin, and/or mHI antibodies in the serums of such flocks were confirmatory for MG or MS infection. The new isolate WVU 907 gave positive reactions on the SPA and AGP tests with MG antiserum. The isolate hemagglutinated chicken red blood cells (RBC) and induced low HI antibody levels (less than or equal to 1:20) when inoculated into chickens. Like MG, WVU 907 precipitin antigen was partially denatured by urea, Triton x-100, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. PMID- 822816 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation in the management of the critically ill patient, with special reference to abdominal fistulae. AB - The present paper described the technique of intravenous hyperalimentation applied to a group of 100 surgical patients. A specially prepared diet supplying a high amount of calories, using hypertonic glucose and supplying nitrogen, using polypeptides or aminoacid solutions, was infused into the superior vena cava. The inhibition of digestive secretions, during the period of hyperalimentation, was used in the management of 19 patients with intestinal and pancreatic fistulae. The general conclusion reached after wide clinical experience was that by supplying energy and nitrogen to a patient in a severe catabolic state, a significant and sometimes dramatic capacity could be developed which allowed him to overcome difficult conditions and even initiated a reversal of the metabolic balance in the direction of anabolism. The regimen should be adopted in the preoperative preparation of debilitated patients; in hypercatabolic states (post trauma, post-surgery or burns); in gastrointestinal, granulomatous or infectious diseases; in acute pancreatitis; in digestive fistulae; in oncological conditions, and so on. The metabolic and infective complications can be pregressively decreased and eventually prevented by proper handling and strict metabolic monitoring. The use of this hyperalimentation was extremely encouraging, and on many occasions we had the impression that it was life saving. PMID- 822818 TI - The behavior of cacophony, a courtship song mutant in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 822820 TI - Nucleic acid and protein studies of the Mason-Pfizer virus. PMID- 822819 TI - Behavior and learning problems in epileptic children. AB - In this modern age of rapidly advancing medical knowledge and technology there are few conditions as wrapped up in ignorance and prejudice as that known as epilepsy. A large part of the reason for this lies in the concept of the "epileptic person," by which is really meant the epileptic personality. In an attempt to assess behavior and learning in children with seizures, behavior and learning being regarded as opposite sides of the same coin, a study was designed in which totally objective neurological and psychological data was obtained from such a group of children. The evaluation was carried out without any prior knowledge of the nature of the presenting clinical picture, so as to prevent bias from pre-conceived notions. The results show that 70% of the first 200 children showed significant learning defects sufficient to make special educational placement mandatory. Of the remaining 30% some still showed minor learning problems enough to give rise to difficulties in regular classroom situations. Associated with these learning problems were varying behavioral reaction types, varying from the classical hyperactive child with minimal cerebral dysfunction to many environmentally-produced behavior difficulties resulting from faulty school placement due to failure to recognize learning problems. Faculty parental handling due to similar failure to realize the child's limitations also contributed to this. The significance of these findings with respect to the behavior disturbances of the so-called epileptic child will be discussed. PMID- 822821 TI - Comparative studies for the classification of the HeLa virus: occurrence, fine structure and immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 822822 TI - Host immune response to oncornavirus-induced tumors. PMID- 822823 TI - T cell-mediated autoimmune phenomena associated with the pathogenesis of lymphomas induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus. PMID- 822824 TI - Detection of bovine leukosis-associated antibodies by different tests. PMID- 822825 TI - Immunological relationship between an oncornavirus isolate from HEp-2 cells, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and human tumor cells. PMID- 822826 TI - Early signs of protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 822827 TI - Some aspects of the biomass of Torula in human nutrition. A new protein source. PMID- 822828 TI - Early signs of polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency. PMID- 822830 TI - Further points about early signs of protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 822829 TI - [Decolorization of the hair, early symptom of malnutrition]. PMID- 822832 TI - Genetic polymorphism of human anodal tear protein. AB - Electrophoresis of human tears on slab polyacrylamide gels showed five phenotypes among anodal tear proteins. These phenotypes are the expression of autosomal codominant alleles. Gene frequencies are as follows: for Caucasians, At1 = 0.99, At3 = 0.01; for Negroes, At1 = 0.97, At2 = 0.03; for Chinese, At1 = 0.98, and At4 and At5 are both approximately 0.008. PMID- 822833 TI - Preparation of specific antisera to Drosophila acid phosphatase without rigorous protein purification. AB - Extracts from an acid phosphatase CRM- null mutant of Drosophila melanogaster were used to eliminate contaminating antibodies in a nonspecific preparation of anti-acid phosphatase serum. This method of producing specific antisera makes unnecessary the rigorous purification of an antigen prior to immunization attempts in those cases where CRM- null mutants of the antigen are available. Antisera so prepared could be used for a wide variety of purposes. PMID- 822831 TI - Partial amino acid sequences of kappa-chains of rat immunoglobulins: genetic and evolutionary implications. AB - Partial amino acid sequences have been determined for several kappa-type light chains prepared from sera or urine of inbred LOU/C/Wsl rats bearing plasma cell tumors. Comparison of these sequences with those of human, rabbit, and mouse kappa-chains available in the literature indicates that the constant region of rat kappa-chains shows more amino acid sequence homology to that of the mouse kappa-chain than to human and rabbit kappa-chains, a result expected from the phylogenetic relationship of the species compared. Examination of the N-terminal amino acid sequences indicated that the variable regions of rat kappa-chains can also be classified into subgroups according to degree of sequence homology in a manner similar to that done for kappa-chains of other species (e.g., human, rabbit, and mouse). However, the prototype amino acid sequences of kappa-chain variable region subgroups of the rat were not homologous to those of other species including the closely related mouse. The implications of this observation with respect to the genetics and evolution of immunoglobulins are discussed. PMID- 822834 TI - Partial purification and properties of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The first enzyme (named GTP cyclohydrolase) in the pathway for the biosynthesis of pteridines has been partially purified from extracts of late pupae and young adults of Drosophila melanogaster. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic removal from GTP of carbon 8 as formate and the synthesis of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin triphosphate). Some of the properties of the enzyme are as follows: it functions optimally at pH 7.8 and at 42 C; activity is unaffected by KCl and NaCl, but divalent cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+) are inhibitory; the Km for GTP is 22 muM; and the molecular weight is estimated at 345,000 from gel filtration experiments. Of a number of nucleotides tested, only GDP and dGTP were used to any extent as substrate in place of GTP, and these respective compounds were used only 1.8% and 1.5% as well as GTP. PMID- 822835 TI - Correlation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase activity and the synthesis of pterins in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The enzyme guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTP cyclohydrolase), which in bacteria is known to be the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of pteridines, has been discovered in extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Most of the enzyme (80%) is located in the head of the adult fly. An analysis of enzyme activity during development in Drosophila has revealed the presence of a relatively small peak of activity at pupariation and a much larger peak that appears at about the time of eclosion. Enzyme activity declines radidly as the fly ages. Analysis for the production of the typical pteridine pigments of Drosophila have indicated that the small peak of GTP cyclohydrolase activity evident at pupariation coincides with the appearance of isoxanthopterin, sepiapterin, and pterin, and the larger peak at eclosion roughly corresponds to the accumulation of drospterin as well as to the appearence in larger amounts of pterin and sepiaterin. These observations strongly suggest that in Drosophila, like bacteria, GTP cyclohydrolase is involved in the biosynthesis of pteridines. Analyses of a variety of zeste mutants of Drosophila melanogaster have shown that these mutants all contain GTP cyclohydrolase equal approximately to the amount found in the wild-type fly. These observations do not support the suggestions made by Rasmusson et al. (1973) that zeste is the strucural locus for GTP cyclohydrolase. PMID- 822836 TI - Association of the Adh Locus with a lethal factor (1(2)stm) in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Keeping Drosophila cultures at 28 C results in elimination of all minor multiple ADH bands, thought to be due to conformational change. Thus in diploid and triploid adults heterozygous for the AdhF and AdhS alleles, relative staining intensities are found for the three bands which were in conformity with the assumption that both alleles are equally expressed. Among all polymorphic strains derived from natural Central European and Mediterranean populations, the strain +Tub is unique in that its AdhF allele is closely linked to a new recessive lethal factor, named 1(2)Stm. All AdhF 1/AdhF 1 pupae are unable to emerge, and die. The lethal effect is obvious 50 hr earlier by retarded eye, bristle, and body wall pigmentation. Although all pupae of the phenotype F die, AdhF allele freqnency scarcely seems to be lowered in this natural population. PMID- 822837 TI - Evidence for the adaptive significance of enzyme activity levels: interspecific variation in alpha-GPDH and ADH in Drosophila. AB - The activity levels of alcohol dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were compared among nine species of Drosophila representing three phylogenetic groups. For any given life stage , interspecific variability in activity level was much greater for ADH than for d-GPDH. Patterns of ontogenetic expression of enzyme activity were also much more variable among species for ADH than for alpha-GPDH. These results are consistent with the interpretation that alpha-GPDH is involved with a relatively uniform adaptive function among species, whereas ADH levels may reflect variable adaptive capabilities. There is a significant correlation between ADH activities and survivorship on alcohol treated media for these nine species. PMID- 822838 TI - The size of poly(A)-containing RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. AB - The size range of poly(A)-containing RNA from Drosophila melanogaster embryos has been estimated by hybridization with 3H-labeled poly(U) and subsequent fractionation on sucrose gradients. The median size of nuclear poly(A)-containing RNA is about 30 S (6000 nucleotides), and the median size of cytoplasmic poly(A) containing RNA is about 17 S (1800 nucleotides). The relationship of these sizes to messenger RNA needed to code for protein and to the length of DNA contained in a chromomere is discussed. PMID- 822839 TI - Further evidence of thermostability variation within electrophoretic mobility classes of enzymes. AB - Two Drosophila melanogaster strains, each heterozygous for "fast" and "slow" alleles at the Adh locus, and each having balanced second chromosomes, were found to differ in the apparent thermostability of the slow allozyme. The two strains were crossed, and f, heterozygotes were separated on the basis of the origin of the slow allele. After electrophoresis, the cellulose acetate strips were treated 1 1/2 min at 35 C. The putatively more sensitive allozyme showed a strikingly greater response to heat. These findings further support the conclusion that electrophoretically cryptic allelic differences exist which are expressed in thermostability differences. Further application of this approach has revealed one similar sensitive slow allozyme and three cases of a relatively resistant fast ADH allozyme in wild-caught flies. PMID- 822840 TI - Amino acid-sequence variability at the N-terminal extra piece of mouse immunoglobulin light-chain precursors of the same and different subgroups. AB - The proteins programmed in the wheat-germ cell-free system by the mRNA coding for the MOPC-63 mouse myeloma L (light) chain were labelled with six radioactive amino acids: [35S]methionine, [4,5-3H]leucine, [3,4-3H]proline, [3-3H]serine, [4,5-3H]isoleucine or [2,3-3H]alanine. Amino acid-sequence analyses showed that over 90% of the total cell-free product was one homogeneous protein, which corresponds to the MOPC-63 L-chain precursor. In this precursor an extra piece, 20 amino acid residues in length, precedes the N-terminus of the mature L chain. The extra piece contains one methionine residue at the N-terminus, six leucine residues, which are clustered in two triplets at positions 6, 7, 8 and 11, 12, 13, one proline residue at position 16, and one serine residue at position 18. The closely gathered leucine residues, as well as their abundance (30%), suggest that the extra-piece moiety is hydrophobic. In the precursors, the extra piece is coupled to the variable region of the L chain. Partial sequences of precursors of L chains of the same and different subgroups that were labelled with the above six radioactive amino acids indicate that the extra piece is part of the variable region. Thus the precursors of MOPC-63 and MOPC-321 L chains, which are of the same subgroup, have extra pieces of identical size (20 residues), and so far their partial sequences are also identical (see above). On the other hand, in the precursor of MOPC-41 L chain, which is of a different subgroup, the extra piece is 22 residues in length. Further, the sequence of the MOPC-41 extra piece differs in at least ten positions from sequences of the extra pieces of the precursors of MOPC-63 and MOPC-321 L chains. PMID- 822842 TI - A novel manual method for protein-sequence analysis. AB - A novel manual method for protein-sequence analysis is described. Three peptides, the hexapeptide (Leu-TRP-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala), insulin A chain and glucagon were used to test this technique. Peptides (1 or 2 nmol) were hydrolysed with acid and their qualitative amino acid compositions were confirmed by reacting with 4-NN dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulphonylchloride and 4-NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene 4' isothiocyanate. Sequence determination of 20-200 nmol of peptide was then performed by the combined use of phenyl isothiocyanate and 4-NN dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate, a new procedure that is analogous to the dansyl-Edman method with the replacement of dansyl chloride by 4-NN dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate as the N-terminal residue determination reagent. On t.l.c. this new N-terminal reagent gave brightly coloured 4-NN dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-thiohydantoins of amino acids and showed the following advantages: (1) the detection sensitivity is in the pmol range; (2) u.v. observation is not required; (3) there is no destruction of acid-labile amino acids; (4) two-dimensional t.l.c. separation is adequate to identify 24 amino acids, except leucine and isoleucine (this pair of amino acids can be resolved by using 4-NN-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulphonyl chloride); (5) the determination of a new N-terminal residue (from coupling to t.l.c. identification) takes only 3 h; (6) the colour difference beteen isothiocyanate, thiocarbamoyl and thiohydantoin derivatives facilitates the identifications. PMID- 822841 TI - Isolation and properties of a small manganese-ion-stimulated bacterial alkaline phosphatase. AB - 1. An alkaline phosphatase was partially purified from extracts of Halobacterium cutirubrum. 2. The enzyme has a mol.wt. of 15 500 and is therefore less than one quarter of the size of other known bacterial alkaline phosphatases. 3. It is stimulated up to ten-fold by Mn2+, but not by Ca2+ or Mg2+. 4. The activities with and without Mn2+ cannot be separated by gel filtration and have similar restricted substrate specificities. 5. The only substrates for the enzyme that have so far been found are p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 5'-dATP, 5'-dTMP and 5'-dTTP. PMID- 822843 TI - Purification and properties of pantothenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - Pantothenase (EC 3.5.1.22) from Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1 was purified to homogeneity as judged by disc-gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The purification procedure consisted of four steps: DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, hydroxyapatite chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 was used to determine the molecular weight, and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to study the subunit molecular weight. The enzyme appeared to be composed of two subunits with mol.wts. of approx. 50000 each. The total mol.wt. of the enzyme was thus about 100000. The isoelectric point was 4.7 at 10 degrees C. PMID- 822844 TI - Basal and thyroliberin-stimulated prolactin synthesis in single-cell cultures and in populations of rat pituitary cells. AB - 1. Newly synthesized prolactin was obtained from cultures of rat pituitary tumour cells (GH4C1 cells) after incubation with [35S]methionine. 2. Radioactive synthesized and secreted prolactin was quantified by an immunoprecipitation method by using disc-gel electrophoresis of the dissolved immunoprecipitate in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. By using a microanalytical modification, hormone synthesis and secretion could also be studied in single-cell cultures. This technique was combined with a cytoimmunofluorescence method in which rhodamine-conjugated antibodies were used for studying intracellular prolactin. 3. The presence of radioactive synthesized and secreted prolactin was demonstrated in nine out of 13 single-cell cultures. Cell cultures containing 10 cells or more and clonal populations originating from one cell always secreted radioactive prolactin. 4. Thyroliberin treatment (2 muM) for 24h increased the extracellular accumulation of radioactive prolactin in five out of seven single cell cultures and always in populations of cells. 5. The number of cells showing prolactin specific fluorescence increased from 20 to 50% and the intensity of this fluorescence became greater after thyroliberin treatment. 6. Studies of [35S]prolactin secretion from single cells and immunochemical detection of intracellular prolactin showed that some cells in an unsynchronized population did not secret radioactive prolactin or show prolactin specific fluorescence. 7. The quantitative effect of thyroliberin as studied in single-cell cultures suggested that the main if not the only effect was to increase prolactin synthesis in cells already producing hormone. PMID- 822845 TI - Non-human primate platelets and arterial tissue cannot convert preformed [14C]lanosterol into[14C]cholesterol in vivo. AB - In contrast with the prevailing view, we report the inability of non-human primate platelets or arterial tissue to complete the biosynthesis of [14C]cholesterol from [14C]mevalonic acid in vitro or in vivo, or from performed [14C]lanosterol in vivo. The latter observation suggests that these tissues lack one or more components of the methyl sterol demethylase system. PMID- 822846 TI - The ability of insulin to alter the stable calcium pools of isolated adipocyte subcellular fractions. PMID- 822847 TI - Mannosyltransfer reactions in rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 822848 TI - Partial amino acid sequences of the heavy chains of human HLS histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 822849 TI - Lectin and cholera toxin binding to guinea pig tumor (104C1) cell surfaces before and after glycosphingolipid incorporation. PMID- 822850 TI - Thyroxine-binding globulin synthesis by hepatocarcinoma cells in continuous culture: effect of physiological concentrations of thyroxine. PMID- 822851 TI - Albumin synthesis by liver parenchymal cells isolated from young, adult and old rats. PMID- 822852 TI - Demonstration of separate binding sites for the folate coenzymes and deoxynucleotides with inactivated Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 822853 TI - Gold toxicity and peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 822854 TI - Synthesis of Schiff bases of benzofuran with potential biological activity. AB - Reduction of 5-methoxy-6-formyl(Ia)- and 5-formyl-6-methoxy-2,3 diphenylbenzofuran (IVa) yielded 6- and 5-methyl derivatives Ib and IVb, respectively. Oxidation, hydrolysis and demethylation of Ib and IVb gave 2,2 dihydroxy-4-methyl-)IIc)-and2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylbenzofuran )Vc). The carboxamides Ie and IVe were obtained from the oximes Ic and IVc via the cyano derivatives Id and IVd. By condensation of the aldehydes If, IVf and VII with primary amines the corresponding Schiff bases (IIIa--c, VI and VIIIa--f) were obtained. The antibacterial activity of the Schiff bases and previously prepared benzofuran derivatives were investigated. PMID- 822855 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of 3H-pyrithioxine in monkey and mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Monkeys and mice received oral and i.p. doses of 3H-labelled pyritinoldihydrochloridemonohydrate (3H-pyrithioxine; Encephabol) and the distribution of radioactivity in the brain and in other organs was investigated by autoradiography. The heaviest label accumulation was present in the pituitary gland. In the monkey the distribution of radioactivity in the brain and in the submandibular gland was different from the distribution found in these organs in the mouse, which may be attributed to the different radioactive metabolites of pyrithioxine produced by the two animal species. Prior to elimination from the body pyrithioxine was completely transformed into metabolites. PMID- 822856 TI - Effects of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids on the sleep-wakefulness cycle and on brain biogenic amines in the rat. AB - Investigations with four dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids, dihydroergotoxine, dihydroergonine, dihydroergostine and dihydro-beta-ergosine indicate that they exert similar dose dependent effects on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat. The duration of wakefulness was increased, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and, in particular, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were shortened. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, but not apomorphine, induced similar changes of the rat sleep-wakefulness cycle. Neurochemical studies on rat brain biogenic amines indicate that dihydroergotoxine lowers homovanillic acid (HVA) levels and reduces HVA elevations after morphine or haloperidol in the striatum. In addition, the turnover of serotonin was slowed down and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) content in the whole brain was reduced. 5-HIAA elevation induced by clozapine was inhibited. These results suggest that the electroencephalographic changes in the rat produced by treatment with dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids reflect an enhanced level of vigilance and could be related to changes of brain biogenic amine metabolism. PMID- 822857 TI - [The effect of thyrotrophin releasing hormone versus placebo in combination with basic imipramine therapy of depressive patients]. AB - 20 female and 10 male patients with a retarded-depressive syndrome received imipramine (3 X 50 mg/day) for 20 days. In a double blind study oral thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) (2 X 40 mg/day) and placebo, respectively, were added for the first 2 weeks. The patients were rated with the Hamiltion-depression scale and a selfrating depression scale. But the statistical evaluation showed no difference between the imipramine/TRH and the imipramine/placebo group. PMID- 822858 TI - [The influence of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on depression in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A single injection of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was compared to injection of nicotinic acid or saline in alcohol withdrawal syndrome. An antidepressant action of TRH was demonstrated on injection day. Thereafter there were no reliable differences between treatment groups, perhaps due to rapid spontaneous remission in all groups. Two of five patients who received TRH showed a grossly subnormal TSH response. PMID- 822859 TI - Triple-drug therapy of chronic glomerulopathies. AB - Prolonged combined treatment with prednisone and immunosuppressive drugs can, if started early enough, significantly reduce the degree of proteinuria and preserve renal function. This is not necessarly associted with simultaneous histological improvement confirmed by renal biopsy. The proposed method of treatment deserve further evaluation. PMID- 822860 TI - [Duodenal arterio-mesenteric occlusion in chagas' disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 822861 TI - [Preliminary studies on Triatoma infestans and Triatoma spinolai source of feeding by the use of gel double diffusion test (author's transl)]. PMID- 822862 TI - First British standard for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). AB - In 1974, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) established the first British Standard for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for use in comparative quantitative assays. The Standard, which was prepared for material processed by the Chester Beatty Research Institute, is in the form of a freeze dried powder, sealed in all glass ampoules code labelled 73/601 and containing pure dry nitrogen. For practical purposes, each ampoule contains 100 units of CEA activity. PMID- 822863 TI - Oral vaccination against Porteus mirabilis. AB - Mice given a single dose of proteus vaccine orally were protected against 1 MLD (minimum lethal dose) of autologous Proteus mirabilis by the fourth day after vaccination. Three doses of oral vaccine induced protection against 1 MLD autologous challenge for 7 days after vaccination and partial protection for a further 8 weeks. Cross-protection against different strains of Pr. mirabilis and against some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Providencia species was found in mice immunized orally on three consecutive days with a bivalent proteus vaccine. PMID- 822864 TI - Nonidentical subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. AB - Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) has been reported to have a molecular weight of 700,000 and to consist of eight identical subunits, each containing one atom of ferric iron and a substrate binding site. This subunit has now been found to dissociate further into four smaller subunits of two nonidentical types (alpha2beta2), upon sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the alpha and beta subunits were estimated to be 22,500 and 25,000, respectively. Isoelectric focusing of the enzyme in 6 M urea revealed that the isoelectric points of the alpha and beta subunits were 5.2 and 9.5, respectively. Separation of the two subunits was achieved by chromatography on sulfopropyl (SP)-Sephadex in 6 M urea after treatment of the enzyme with 8 M urea at 37 degrees C for 6 h. The NH2-terminal sequence of the alpha subunit was determined to be Pro-Ile-Glu-Leu-Leu-Pro-Glu Thr-Pro-Ser-Glx-Thr-Ala-Gly and that of the beta subunit, Pro-Ala-Gln-Asp-Asn-Ala Arg-Phe-Val-Ile-Arg-Asx-Arg-Asx. Phenylalanine was found as the COOH-terminal residue of the alpha subunit. However, the COOH terminus of the beta subunit was not detected by any of three methods employed. PMID- 822865 TI - Purification of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from yeast. AB - Beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase of yeast has been solubilized by two different methods and then purified approximately 5000-fold. The purified enzyme shows a single precipitin band on immunodiffusion, and it moves as a single band of protein and enzyme activity on gel filtration and diethylaminoethylcellulose column chromatography. It also shows one major band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of the pure enzyme is 18 000 to 22 000 nmol of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized per min per mg of protein. The molecular weights of the enzyme, estimated by gel filtration, and the subunits, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, are 2.6 X 10(5) and 6.0 X 10(4), respectively. PMID- 822866 TI - Kinetics and equilibria of the electron transfer between azurin and the hexacyanoiron (II/III) couple. AB - The electron transfer reaction between the "blue" single copper protein azurin (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the hexacyanoiron (II/III) couple has been studied. Equilibrium constants for the reduction of azurin were measured spectrophotometrically in the temperature range 5-33 degrees C (K = 1.1 X 10(-2) at 25 degrees C, deltaH degrees = 10.9 kcal/mol, 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, I = 0.22). The enthalpy change was also determined by microcalorimetry and from the analysis of chemical relaxation amplitudes. Following a temperature-jump perturbation of this equilibrium, only a single relaxation was observed. The reciprocal of the relaxation time increased linearly as oxidized azurin was reacted with increasing amounts of ferrocyanide, yet reached saturation when reduced azurin was titrated with ferricyanide. This behavior as well as the analysis of the relaxation amplitudes led to the following scheme for this system: see article. At 25 degrees C the rate constants for the electron transfer were k+3=6.4s-1 and k-3=45s-1, the association constants K1=54 M-1 and K2-1=610 M 1. The activation and overall thermodynamic parameters as well as the individual thermodynamic values for the different steps were combined to construct a self consistent energy profile for the reaction. PMID- 822867 TI - Steady-state kinetics of lipoxygenase oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids. AB - The oxygenation of linoleate and arachidonate catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase is subject to competitive product inhibition. For normal conditions, there is an additional inhibition due to product that causes the reaction to cease before completion. This process is reversible upon addition of further substrate and is proposed to be a chemical (reversible) change of the enzyme. At very low enzyme concentrations, inactivation or adsorption of enzyme on the vessel surface (or "wall effect") is significant, leading to even lower rates and percent completions. In the very early stages of a typical catalyzed reaction, a lag, or induction period, occurs. It was previously known that this lag is eliminated by product hydroperoxide--and not by the corresponding alcohol. The hydroperoxide elimination of the lag is inhibited by the alcohol. It is proposed that this is a chemical activation of the enzyme to produce a catalytically functional form. PMID- 822868 TI - Actions of aldosterone on polyadenylated ribonucleic acid and Na+ transport in the toad bladder. AB - Polyadenylated ribonucleic acid [poly(A)(+)-RNA] has been isolated from the cytoplasm of the epithelium of the urinary bladder of the toad (Bufo marinus) by oligo-(deoxythymidylate)cellulose chromatography. Aldosterone increased the incorporation of [3H]uridine, and of [3H]uridine and [3H]adenosine (given in combination) into 7S, 12S, and 18S poly(A)(+)-RNA during the first 30 min of the action of the hormone, as defined by either a pulse or pulse-chase sequence. The quantity of cytoplasmic poly(A)(+)-RNA that hybridized to [3H]poly(uridine) was also increased by aldosterone. These results are consistent with the inference of induction of messenger RNA synthesis. This effect was most marked during the first 30 min of the action of the hormone. PMID- 822869 TI - Actions of aldosterone on rRNA and Na+ transport in the toad bladder. AB - Aldosterone increased methylation by [methyl-3H]methionine of nuclear ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sedimenting at 18S, 28S, and 40S within 90 min and of 28S cytoplasmic RNA within 240 min of continuous exposure to the precursor and the hormone, in the toad bladder. In addition, incorporation of [14C]uridine into cytoplasmic 4S transfer RNA, and 18S and 28S rRNA was enhanced after 240 min of continuous exposure to the precursor and the hormone. Aldosterone had minimal effects on the 3H or 14C-labeled, acid-soluble pools. These results suggest that aldosterone augments the synthesis of rRNA at the transcriptional level. Ribosomes isolated 240 min after treatment of the toad bladder with aldosterone showed increased incorporation of [3H]-phenylalanine into peptides with both endogenous messenger RNA (mRNA) and exogenous mRNA (i.e., poly(uridylic acid) in an in vitro assay. Inhibition of reinitiation with NaF or poly (AUG) reduced the rate of amino acid polymerization by 45% but the aldosterone to control ratio remained significantly high. These results imply an increase in active ribosomes and perhaps in endogenous mRNA content. Our findings, however, do not distinguish between a steroid-dependent increase in the total number of active ribosomes and an increase in translational activity per ribosome. PMID- 822870 TI - Chromatographic separation on phosphocellulose of activated and nonactivated forms of steroid-receptor complex. Purification of the activated complex. AB - Steroid-receptor complexes formed at low temperature and ionic strength are unable to bind to target cell nuclei. After a temporary exposure to high ionic strength and/or temperature they become activated (i.e., able to bind to nuclei). However, there exists an equilibrium between activated and nonactivated complexes; thus, mixtures of both populations are obtained. In this paper it is shown that activated [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-rat liver receptor complexes bind strongly to phosphocellulose, whereas nonactivated complexes do not. Thus, it is chromatographically possible to isolate these two populations of complexes. The experimental conditions of the separation have been established. The most important feature is that upon prolonged exposure to phosphocellulose, nonactivated complexes become progressively activated. The separation on phosphocellulose has at least three potential applications. A first application is the possibility of measuring the concentration of activated complexes in incubates. However, when activated complexes were titrated with rat liver nuclei in excess or assayed through binding to phosphocellulose, slightly different results were obtained. This discrepancy was due on one hand to the difficulty of obtaining binding of all the activated complexes and on the other hand to the second activation of some of the complexes during their exposure to phosphocellulose. A second application was the possibility of obtaining a homogeneous population of activated complexes. This was actually achieved, since the complexes eluted from phosphocellulose were demonstrated to be 90--100% activated. The use of such homogeneous preparations simplifies considerably studies on binding of steroid-receptor complexes to nuclear acceptors (nuclei, chromatin, DNA). A third application is the use of phosphocellulose for the purification of receptor. Cytosol containing nonactivated complexes was filtered through phosphocellulose the complexes present in the breakthrough of the column were then activated and bound to phosphocellulose in a second chromatography. Advantage was also taken of the "amphoteric" behavior of the receptor that binds to both anionic (phosphocellulose) and cationic (diethylaminoethylcellulose) resins. Purification (940fold) with 24% yield could be obtained in preparations taking less than 2 days. The partially purified receptor was a heavy aggregate (greater than 12 S) that could be dissociated into 4S subunits by exposure to 0.3 M K C1. It has kept its property of interacting with nuclear acceptor. Preliminary experiments have shown that this technique could be of general application for steroid hormone receptors: activation enhanced binding to phosphocellulose of progesterone, aldosterone, and estradiol receptors. PMID- 822871 TI - Histone compostion of chromatin subunits studied by immunosedimentation. AB - Chromatin subunits were prepared from HeLa cells by in situ digestion of nuclear DNA with micrococcal nuclease followed by sucrose gradient sedimentation. These 11S chromosomal particles (nucleosomes) contain a DNA fragment 140--180 base pairs long and an equal mass of histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and h4. nucleosomes were incubated with purified antibodies to histones H2A and H2B and to hemoglobin A, and the resulting complexes were analyzed by ultracentrifugation. Of these, only anti-H2B bound specifically to nucleosomes. When sufficient antibody was present, all (greater than 98%) the nucleosomes sedimented with increased velocities, indicating that all chromosomal particles contain H2B, as suggested by previous electron microscopic studies (Bustin, M., Goldblatt, D., and Sperling, R. (1976), Cell 7, 297). The amount of antibody reacting with H2B in the nucleosome was quantitated by densitometric scanning of gel electrophoresis patterns of the proteins in various nucleosome-anti-H2B complexes separated by sedimentation on isokinetic sucrose gradients. Under conditions where all particles had increased sedimentation velocities, from 1 to 3 IgG molecules are bound to each nucleosome, the ratio increasing from top to bottom of the sedimenting peak. When nucleosomes are thus dispersed on the basis of reaction with anti-H2B, the ratios of H2A to H4 and of (H2B + H3) to H4 are identical (+/- 8%) for all fractions, suggesting that each nucleosome has an identical histone complement, two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Confidence limits for exclusion of other possible octamers are presented. The variation in ratio of bound antibody to nucleosome probably reflects a normal distribution during the titration, although differential exposure of H2B antigenic determinants in several populations of nucleosomes cannot be excluded as an explanation. The method use should be generally applicable to further studies of the composition and function of nucleosomes. PMID- 822872 TI - Cation control of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield in chloroplasts. Location of cation sensitive sites. AB - We have compared the effect of various cations on the fluorescence yield of chloroplasts under several different conditions in vitro. 1. In the absence of a high energy state but in the presence of low (10 mM) concentrations of monovalent cations, divalent metal cations increase steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence yield in a manner which does not involve transport of these cations across the thylakoid membranes. 2. The kinetics of this cation-induced fluorescence rise are relatively slow, and seem to reflect cation binding (or subsequent conformational changes) to sites on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. 3. In the absence of monovalent cations, the apparent binding constant for Mg2+ to sites on the outer side of the membrane is low. Addition of low concentrations of monovalent cations (10 mM) competitively inhibits divalent cation binding. 4. Control of fluorescence yield is also exerted by the high energy state, and seems to involve proton/metal cation exchange at sites on the inner side of the thylakoid. 5. When isolated chloroplasts are washed and resuspended in a medium containing no added cations, the initial fluorescence level is high, but is quenched on addition of monovalent cations, sodium EDTA being much more effective than sodium chloride. It is argued that when isolated under these conditions, chloroplasts retain sufficient divalent cations to saturate external negative sites, and that the fluorescence lowering is due to their removal. 6. Some other cations, such as poly(L-lysine), can displace divalent cations from their external sites in an irreversible manner, resulting in a fixed low fluorescence yield. PMID- 822873 TI - Photodichroic studies of the photoreaction center from Rhodospirillum rubrum. I. Attribution of P870 to two non parallel dipoles. AB - A randomly oriented sample of photoreaction center prepared from Rhodospirillum rubrum was excited at 77 degrees K by an actinic linearly polarized light of 870 nm. Under such conditions, only those chromophores with components of their absorption dipoles oriented parallel to the polarization of the actinic light are bleached. The change in absorbance at 900 nm of this photoselected sample was observed while varying the angle of polarization of a weak measuring light. The polarization of the absorbance change was thus evaluated as 0.25. This value is interpreted to mean that P870 is attributable to two absorption dipoles forming an angle included between 35.75 degrees and 90 degrees. Comparison with the p value of 0.5 obtained on a similar preparation by polarization of fluorescence (Ebrey, T. G. and Clayton, R.K. (1969) Photochem. Photobiol. 10, 109-117) leads to the conclusion that either these two dipoles emit fluorescence without being coupled by singlet-singlet energy transfer or that only one of them is a fluorescence emitter in the absence of reversible singlet-singlet energy transfer. PMID- 822874 TI - Studies of mitochondrial calcium movements using chlorotetracycline. AB - 1. The association of calcium with isolated rat liver mitochondrial membranes under various metabolic conditions was monitored using the fluorescent chelate probe, chlorotetracycline. Chlorotetracycline fluorescence increased markedly during energized calcium uptake in the absence of a permeant anion. Uncoupler and a respiratory chain inhibitor caused a rapid decrease in chlorotetracycline fluorescence when added either before or after calcium. During calcium uptake experiments concentrations of calcium exceeding 100 muM caused a transient fluorescence increase followed by an extensive decrease in fluorescence. 2. Changes in the chlorotetracycline-associated fluorescence of the mitochondrial suspensions were correlated with the uptake of exogenous 45Ca. A positive correlation was observed between fluorescence and energized 45Ca uptake in the absence of permeant anions. Addition of the permeant anion, phosphate, caused an extensive decrease in chloretetracycline fluorescence but an enhanced uptake of exogenous 45Ca. 3. The interaction of endogenous mitochondrial calcium with the fluorescent chelate probe was studied under a number of experimental conditions using mitochondria labeled during preparation with 45Ca. Endogenous 45Ca was lost rapidly from the mitochondria upon treatment with uncoupler, antimycin A, and A23187. Potassium phosphate and EGTA had no effect on the endogenous calcium as measured by either the 45Ca content of the mitochondria or the fluorescence of the probe. 4. Mitochondria treated with antimycin A lost most of their endogenous 45Ca within 3 min; subsequent energization of the mitochondria resulted in a partial uptake of the released 45Ca but caused nearly a complete return of the chlorotetracycline fluorescence to the original level. Addition of phosphate did not change the fluorescence level but resulted in an almost complete accumulation of the 45Ca previously released. 5. Following this energized uptake of 45Ca, EGTA, p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone of carbonyl cyanide, A23187 and calcium chloride all caused a nearly complete loss of the 45Ca from the mitochondria and, with the exception of calcium chloride, caused an extensive decrease in the fluorescence level. Hence, the apparent location and/or properties of the endogenous calcium in this rat liver mitochondrial system were altered significantly by manipulation of the energetic state of the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 822876 TI - The influence of salt on the aggregation state of spectrin from bovine erythrocyte membranes. AB - Sedimentation velocity and gel filtration experiments have been performed with bovine spectrin over a wide range of neutral salt concentrations. Increasing salt concentrations tend to increase both the sedimentation coefficient of spectrin and the elution volume of the protein from 4% agarose columns. No conformation change can be detected by means of optical rotation measurements as the salt concentration is raised. The results are incompatible with the hypothesis that salt causes the aggregation of spectrin, but are consistent with the existence of marked charge effects operative at low salt concentrations. In support of the charge effect hypothesis, acidic groups have been detected on the agarose gels, and ion-exclusion behaviour on the column has been observed with other proteins of similar size. PMID- 822875 TI - Vinyl chloride mutagenicity via the metabolites chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate. AB - Mutagenicity tester strains of Bacillus and Salmonella were used to assay vinyl chloride in nutrient broth at a practical concentration level. Also screened without exogenous activation were seven potential metabolites of vinyl chloride in their pure forms as well as the related epichlorohydrin. Chlorooxirane, chloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate, chloroacetaldehyde dimer hydrate, chloroacetaldehyde trimer, and epichlorohydrin produced significant mutagenic acitivity in Salmonella typhimurium strains sensitive to base-pair mutation. A recombination repair deficient strain of Bacillus subtilis was inhibited in growth by these compounds, whereas excision repair deficient and wild type strains of Bacillus subtilis were relatively unaffected. On the basis of these assays a working hypothesis for the vinyl chloride carcinogenesis mechanism is proposed which involves chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate as the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of vinyl chloride. PMID- 822877 TI - How does lysozyme penetrate through the bacterial outer membrane? AB - Lysozyme fails to penetrate through the outer membrane of stationary phase cells of Escherichia coli when it is simply added to suspensions of plasmolyzed cells. Lysozyme penetrates the outer membrane only when these cells are exposed to a mild osmotic shock in the presence of EDTA and lysozyme. In the presence of Mg2+, the outer membrane is stabilized sufficiently so that there is no lysozyme penetration during osmotic shock. If Mg2+ is added after an osmotic shock has been used to cause lysozyme to penetrate a destabilized outer membrane, the outer membrane is stabilized once again. In this case however, cells are converted to spheroplasts by the lysozyme which has gained access to the murein layer prior to the addition of Mg2+. Mg2+ stabilizes the outer membranes of these spheroplasts sufficiently so that they remain immune to lysis even in the absence of osmotic stabilizers such as sucrose. These results are discussed in terms of current information on the structure of the murein layer and the outer membrane. PMID- 822879 TI - The inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone deamidation in porcine hypothalamic tissues. AB - Frozen porcine hypothalamic fragments afford an enzymic fraction that forms exclusively pyroGlu-His-Pro by enzymatic degradation of thyroliberin. Ten compounds have been examined as inhibitors of this reaction and the results indicate that the enzyme(s) responsible for this conversion have an absolute sulfhydryl requirement. Concentrations of thyroliberin have also recently been reported in areas of the brain in addition to the hypothalamus. Each of these areas actively degrade thyroliberin with the hypothalamus being most active. PMID- 822878 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a lectin from Vicia faba. AB - A lectin present in the broad bean, Vicia faba, was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-150. The active lectin had a molecular weight of 50 000. The lectin contained about 3% neutral sugar and it contained two different subunits. The subunits had molecular weights of 17 300 and 14 300. The lectin was mitogenic to human peripheral lymphocytes with some reduction in activity upon acetylation. The lectin competed with pea lectin for binding to murine tumor cells. Binding to tumor cells was inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside but not by D-galactose; binding was not influenced by the presence or absence of Ca2+, Mn2+ or ethylenediaminetetraacetate. PMID- 822880 TI - Induction and activation of rat liver microsomal bile salt glucuronyltransferase. AB - In vivo induction and in vitro activation of the recently described bile salt glucuronyltransferase were investigated in rat. A radioactive assay for the determination of glucuronyltransferase activity was used. 14C-Labeled bile salts served as substrates, and the glucuronides were separated by thin layer chromatography. Lithocholate glucuronyltransferase activity was determined in liver microsomes of phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats and of untreated controls. Pretreatment with phenobarbital induced lithocholate glucuronyltransferase activity to 150.5% of controls. In contrast, 3 methylcholanthrene treatment decreased activity to 29.6% of controls. In vivo activation of lithocholate glucuronyltransferase by Triton X-100 was observed in controls and in the 3-methylcholanthrene group, but not in the phenobarbital group. Substrate activation of the enzyme by lithocholate was demonstrated in microsomes of untreated controls. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, but not phenobarbital, increased the latency of lithocholate glucuronyltransferase. The results indicate that rat liver microsomal bile salt glucuronyltransferase activity is increased by in vivo induction with phenobarbital and by in vitro activation with detergents like Triton X-100. The induction of bile salt glucuronide formation by phenobarbital is most likely one of the factors contributing to the increased biliary and fecal excretion of bile salts in patients with cholestasis following phenobarbital therapy. PMID- 822882 TI - Hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system response to selective biliary obstruction. AB - Three days after selective biliary obstruction in rats, bile output from the single unobstructed lobe was equivalent to the usual output from three hepatic lobes. There was a significant decrease in the level of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system components, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. The levels observed after three days were reduced to an equivalent extent in both selectively obstructed and unobstructed lobes, and corresponded to the level seen after total biliary obstruction. Hepatic bromosulphothalein Tm was significantly reduced three days after selective obstruction, but did not differ from normal after six days. These data indicate that a factor generated in response to biliary obstruction acts to lower hepatic mixed function oxidase system components and increase bile flow in functioning hepatic tissue. PMID- 822881 TI - Latency of epoxide hydratase and its relationship to that of UDPglucuronyltransferase. AB - Epoxide hydratase activity in liver microsomal preparations from adult made rats is latent to a slight extent. Maximal activations with neutral or anionic detergents were 30-60% whilst UDPglucuronyltransferase was maximally activated by 160-830% by the same detergents. Activation of microsomal epoxide hydratase requires much higher amounts of neutral or anionic detergents than activation of microsomal UDPglucuronyltransferase. High concentrations of inorganic salt, sonication or freeze-thawing which activate microsomal UDPglucuronyltransferase have no influence on microsomal epoxide hydratase activity. From this it appears that the activation which may involve either removal of a permeability barrier or release from conformational restraint occurs more easily for UDPglucuronyltransferase than for epoxide hydratase and that the activation of microsomal epoxide hydratase requires breakage of some hydrophobic bonds between the enzyme and membrrane component(s). PMID- 822883 TI - Control of and synthesis in Lactobacillus acidophilus Role of RNA and free amino acids. AB - In Lactobacillus acidophilus, the DNA synthesis in cells incubated in the absence of essential amino acids reaches levels corresponding to the initiation of further replication cycles than just to completing the cycles already running. This "relaxation of DNA synthesis" is stimulated by the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis and by the presence of deoxyadenylate. These enhancements of DNA replication are cancelled by actinomycin D. In the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, the relaxtion of DNA synthesis is further stimulated by free amino acids. The effect of free amino acids, unlike in the former cases, is not inhibited by actinomycin D. It proposed that the chromosome replication in Lactobacillus acidophilus is regulated similarly as in some plasmids, i.e. independently of the synthesis of protein, depending on the synthesis of RNA and, in addition, on the presence of free amino acids. PMID- 822884 TI - Counting the genes for stabel RNA in the nucleus and chloroplasts of Euglena. AB - Improved procedures for counting the genes for ribosomal and 4 S RNA in the nucleus and chloroplasts of Euglena are described. These procedures exploit (a) the chloroplast-free strain ZHB, (b) the flotation method for purifying chloroplasts, (c) Hg2+/Cs2SO4 density gradients to fractionate large quantities of DNA and (d) more efficient conditions of DNA - RNA hybridization particularly for 4 S RNA. We find that the average Euglena cell in an exponentially growing culture contains 800 nuclear genes for each cytoplasmic rRNA and 800-880 chloroplast genes for chloroplast rRNA. Each chloroplast chromosome of molecular weight 92 - 10(6) contains two genes for each rRNA. The number of nuclear genes for 4 S RNA is approx. 760. The total number of chloroplast genes for 4S RNA is approx. 10 000, or 22-25 on each chloroplast chromosome. PMID- 822885 TI - Studies on membrane fusion. II. Induction of fusion in pure phospholipid membranes by calcium ions and other divalent metals. AB - The effect of divalent metals on the interaction and mixing of membrane components in vesicles prepared from acidic phospholipids has been examined using freeze-fracture electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Ca2+, and to a certain extent Mg2+, induce extensive mixing of vesicle membrane components and drastic structural rearrangements to form new membranous structures. In contrast to the mixing of vesicle membrane components in the absence of Ca2+ described in the accompanying paper which occurs via diffusion of lipid molecules between vesicles, mixing of membrane components induced by Ca2+ or Mg2+ results from true fusion of entire vesicles. There appears to be a "threshold" concentration at which Ca2+ and Mg2+ become effective in inducing vesicle fusion and the threshold concentration varies for different acidic phospholipid species. Different phospholipids also vary markedly in their relative responsiveness to Ca2+ and Mg2+, with certain phospholipids being much more susceptible to fusion by Ca2+ than Mg2+. Vesicle fusion induced by divalent cations also requires that the lipids of the interacting membranes be in a "fluid" state (T greater than Tc). Fusion of vesicle membranes by Ca2+ and Mg2+ does not appear to be due to simple electrostatic charge neutralization. Rather the action of these cations in inducing fusion is related to their ability to induce isothermal phase transitions and phase separations in phospholipid membranes. It is suggested that under these conditions membranes become transiently susceptible to fusion as a result of changes in molecular packing and creation of new phase boundaries induced by Ca2+ (or Mg2+). PMID- 822886 TI - Avoidance behavior and ileum motility post-cingulumotomy in monkey. AB - Two experiments were conducted utilizing rhesus monkeys to determine (i) the effects of cingulumotomy on conditioned-avoidance acquisition and extinction and (ii) the effects of avoidance learning on distal ileum motility in control- and cingulum-lesioned animals. Active (AAR) and passive (PAR) avoidance schedules singly or in combination were employed during short daily periods (less than 2 hr) of "shaping," training, acquisition, and extinction. The data indicated that the control-lesion and cingulum groups did not differ in the acquisition or extinction of an AAR. The cingulum group, however, showed a significant deficit in the acquisition of a PAR and a noticeably slower rate of lever pulling during avoidance trials in the combined avoidance training sessions. The results also suggested that ileum motility and avoidance behavior parallel on another, i.e., if either changed the other often changed in the same direction; that cingulum monkeys seemed to be less "reactive" than control-lesion monkeys; and that cingulum animals may been somewhat more regular in their percent daily motility patterns than the control animals. PMID- 822887 TI - Progressive effects of cocaine on behavior and central amine metabolism in rhesus monkeys: relationship to kindling and psychosis. AB - Chronic administration of the same dose of cocaine to rhesus monkeys for up to 6 months was associated with progressive alterations in pathological behavior and increased susceptibility to seizures. Monkeys initially displaying prominent hyperactive stereotypic responses for up to 2 months began to demonstrate increasing amounts of inhibitory behavior, consisting of catalepsy, motor inhibition, and abnormal visual tracking and staring. Four of 13 animals developed increasing intensities of lingual-buccal dyskinesias after 10 weeks of chronic cocaine. Animals initially showing no convulsions to a given dose of cocaine eventually developed convulsions to the same dose, and then displayed an increased frequency of convulsions following subsequent injections. Levels of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated during both excitatory stereotypic and inhibitory syndromes; a similar trend was observed for HVA after probenecid administration. Only the probenecid-induced accumulations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, following acute cocaine administration, were significantly elevated. The progressive increases in convulsions, dyskinesias, and the inhibitory syndrome did not appear related to alterations in peak levels of cocaine in plasma or CSF, and a pharmacological kindling model is suggested as an alternate explanation of the data. The study extends the current models of stimulant-induced psychoses by highlighting the progressive alterations in behavior and neurological sequelae and in suggesting that this progressive mechanism may also be important in the development of psychosis in man. PMID- 822888 TI - Correlation of brain function with emotional behavior. AB - Identification of brain sites where physiologic activity was correlated with subjective emotional experiences in patients undergoing treatment was the starting point for our investigations of the neural basis for emotion and related clinically documented behavioral phenomena. By use of anatomic and physiologic techniques, the neural substrate has been shown to be notably different from that which continues to be described in textbooks, that is, the limbic system. Establishing the neurophysiologic basis for emotion has led to effective treatment for some neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Further, it has provided a basis for defining the origin of certain clinical disorders that are still obscure, the first step toward development of their specific treatment. PMID- 822889 TI - Sex steroids in reproductive tract tissues: regulation of estradiol concentrations by progesterone. PMID- 822890 TI - Interrelationships between pituitary gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids in baboons during continuous intrauterine progesterone treatment. PMID- 822891 TI - Age, weight and weight gain in the individual pubertal female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 822892 TI - The comparison of parameters estimated from several different samples by maximum likelihood. AB - A system of computer programs has been developed to compare the parameters of several samples taken from populations with arbitrary but known distribution functions. The user indicates which of the parameters are assumed to be equal in all populations under the null hypothesis alone or under both the null and the alternative hypotheses. The programs perform maximum likelihood estimation under the general and the restricted model and also calculate the values needed for a likelihood ratio test. The programming language used was PL/I-FORM AC. An illustrative numerical example is given. PMID- 822893 TI - [Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by indirect hemagglutination. II. Value of mixed total antigen fixation in the presence of glutaraldehyde in the early diagnosis of the disease]. AB - 2640 sera were titered simultaneously with IHA and IFAT. The results obtained show a good correlation between the two technics used. The IHA test seems particularly useful in IgM detection and, according to the mode of operation, is able to detect lower titers of anti-toxoplasma antibodies than in the case of IFAT. PMID- 822894 TI - Interaction of red blood cells with a polarized electrode: evidence of long-range intermolecular forces. AB - We have investigated the electrostatic interaction of glutaraldehyde-fixed human red cells with a polarizable electrode carrying a defined surface charge density which can be varied continuously through a wide range. Cells in a dilute salt solution are unable to adhere to the electrode at high negative charge, but at lower negative charge densities they are reversibly adherent and can be forced off by increasing the negative polarization. Near zero electrode charge they become irreversibly stuck to the electrode and cannot be evicted even at maximum electrode polarization. Calculation of the electrostatic repulsive force using measured charge densities indicates the existence of an attractive force which may be acting over several hundred angstroms. PMID- 822896 TI - Immobilization of tyrosinase within polyacrylamide gels. AB - The enzyme tyrosinase (E.C. 1.14.18.1)has been immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel and intermittently assayed for enzyme activity over a period of 19 days using phenol as the substrate. The results of these studies indicate that the immobilized enzyme could be incorporated into a system to detect phenol and related compounds that are found in industrial effluents and as surface water contaminants. PMID- 822895 TI - A study of DNA denaturation in the ultracentrifuge. PMID- 822897 TI - Photosynthetic regeneration of ATP using bacterial chromatophores. AB - We have demonstrated the use of bacterial chromatophores for the continuous photosynthetic regeneration of ATP from ADP in an ultrafiltration reactor. Biphasic kinetics of the degradation of chromatophore activity are described. Using chromatophores in combination with the enzyme adenylate kinase, we have also demonstrated continuous regeneration of ATP from AMP. PMID- 822899 TI - Immobilized enzymes on chitosan columns: alpha-chymotrypsin and acid phosphatase. AB - alpha-Chymotrypsin and acid phosphatase have been immobilized on chitosan, a polyaminosaccharide, without using any intermediate reagent; the immobilized enzymes are active and their activity is much higher than for chitin-immobilized enzymes. The best pH conditions for operating chitosan columns have been determined and columns have been used to transform substrates in large amounts, with no decrease of activity or enzyme losses. Due to the nonconvalent interaction between chitosan and enzymes, the pure and active enzymes can be eventually recovered from the columns. The effects of metal ions, aldehydes, and salts are reported and discussed. Applications are foreseen in the food and biomedical sciences and industries. PMID- 822898 TI - Preparation and properties of bacterial chromatophores entrapped in polyacrylamide. AB - The immobilization of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores was successfully performed by entrapping them in polyacrylamide. Their photophosphorylating activity was about 40% of native chromatophores. The temperature and pH optima for immobilized chromatophores were similar to the native photosynthetic apparatus and kinetic parameters showed that the rate of photophosphorylation in polyacrylamide particles was diffusion controlled. Light penetration of the gel particles was not a limiting parameter. Immobilization considerably increased the stability of the chromatophores towards denaturation. PMID- 822900 TI - Autochton blue-green alga (Oscillatoria sp.) with high protein content and self aggregation properties. PMID- 822901 TI - Folate radioassay and crude milk binder. PMID- 822902 TI - [No evidence for linkage of Rh and Gm loci in chromosome 1]. AB - Within a sample of 6107 non related subjects no dependency of the Gm-types from the Rh-phenotypes could be observed. These data as well as the results of linkage studies do not suggest the localisation of the Gm-loci on chromosome 1. PMID- 822904 TI - Delayed pregnancy in NMRI mice treated with PCB:2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl. PMID- 822903 TI - An immunological investigation of factor VIII associated antigen in combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency. AB - The behavior of factor VIII associated antigen of three patients with combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency has been evaluated in several immunological systems. Factor VIII associated antigen resulted to be normal or higher than normal in all three patients in the radial immunodiffusion and in the electroimmunoassay systems. In the bidimensional electrophoresis system only one factor VIII precipitate was evident and such factor VIII precipitate showed the same electrophoretic mobility as normal factor VIII antigen. These findings firmly establish the fact that the factor VIII defect in congenital combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency is of the hemophilia type. PMID- 822905 TI - Extraction efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyl, organochlorine pesticides and phthalate esters from human adipose tissue. PMID- 822907 TI - Bioconcentration of four pure PCB isomers by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. PMID- 822906 TI - Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Euglena gracilis: cell population growth, carbon fixation, chlorophyll level, oxygen consumption, and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. AB - Populations of Euglena gracilis in exponential growth under light were exposed to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 ppm of Aroclor 1221. The ID50/48 of Aroclor 1221 was estimated to be 4.4 ppm, while Aroclor 1232 tested at 20, 35, 50, and 100 ppm resulted in an id50/48 of 55 ppm. With Aroclor 1242, no inhibition of growth was observed with up to 100 ppm exposure. Cell cultures exposed to 4.4 ppm of Aroclor 1221 for 48 hrs had a significantly reduced rate of carbon fixation and reduced levels of chlorophyll after correction for cell density. Oxygen consumption was not affected at the ID50 level of the Aroclor. Uptake of [3H]-leucine in treated cultures was twice that of controls, and [3H]-uridine uptake was significantly lower. Uptake of [3H]-thymidine, and incorporation of [3H]-leucine, [3H] thymidine, and [3H]-uridine were not significantly different in treated and control cultures. Thes results suggest that at the ID50 level, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) reduce cell population growth in Euglena gracilis by inhibition of photosynthesis and/or chlorophyll production. PMID- 822909 TI - The metabolism of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in rats. PMID- 822908 TI - Comparative residues of PCB components in the bald eagel and white leghorns. PMID- 822910 TI - Letter: New long-stay patients in a hospital for mental handicap. PMID- 822911 TI - 99Tcm-DTPA for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate. AB - Comparison of the blood clearances of 51Cr-EDTA and 99Tcm-Sn-DTPA, in a series of 45 patients with a wide range of glomerular filtration rates, showed that there was a good correlation between the estimates of G.F.R. obtained using the two chelates simultaneously. The single-injection, single-exponential method of G.F.R. estimation was used, with a correction factor of 0.964 for 99Tcm-DTPA, which gave a relationship of G.F.R.Cr = 2.3+G.F.R.Tcml/min with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. 99Tcm-DTPA is a suitable agent for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 822913 TI - Development of RhD antibodies after kidney transplantation. PMID- 822912 TI - Slow euthanasia-or "she will be better off in hospital". PMID- 822914 TI - Ultrastructure of gonococci in acute, chronic, and asymptomatic gonorrhoea. AB - The authors have made an electron microscope study of material from patients with acute, chronic, and asymptomatic gonorrhoea both before and during treatment with penicillin and kanamycin. Some features of the structure of the gonococcus, e.g. the six-layered cell wall, and of the reactions of the organism in different forms of gonorrhoeae before and during treatment with antibiotics were demonstrated using Ruthenium red staining. Thus, in chronic gonorrhoea, the presence of structures similar to gonococcal L-forms was found to be characteristic, while in asymptomatic gonorrhoea the formation was observed of multimembrane phagosomes hampering the penetration of drugs and antibodies. The positioning of gonococci round epithelial cells was noted (cellular energy). The possibility of changing treatment procedures is examined in the light of these observations. PMID- 822915 TI - Penicillin sensitivity of gonococci. An evaluation of monitoring as an index of epidemiological control. AB - The penicillin sensitivities of 1,167 gonococci isolated during a 30-month period from male patients, and 794 gonococci isolated from female patients were analysed retrospectively. More strains from males were relatively resistant than those from females, and a higher proportion of relatively resistant organisms was isolated from each sex when the infection had been acquired outside the area served by the clinic. During the course of the study a fall in the number of relatively resistant strains was seen amongst the locally acquired organisms, whilst no such drop occurred in the strains acquired elswhere; it is postulated that improved contact tracing may have been responsible. Regular monitoring of the penicillin sensitivity of gonococci has been shown to be a sensitive index of gonorrhoea control. PMID- 822916 TI - A Golgi study of neuronal types in the neostriatum of monkeys. AB - Examination of the nestriatum of monkeys prepared by the Golgi-Kopsch perfusion method revealed the presence of at least 6 neuronal types. The spiny type I is medium size with a high density of dendritic spines. The axon extends well beyond the dendritic field and gives off many collaterals. The spiny type II is either medium or large size, has long thick dendrites with a relatively low density of spines, and an axon similar to that of the previous type but with fever collaterals. The aspiny type I is medium size with varicose dendrites and a thin axon arborizing in the immediate vicinity of the soma. The aspiny type II is large, with many thick and thin varicose dendrites. The aspiny type III is medium size with smooth dendrites and an axon ramifying profusely within the dendritic field. The neurogliform cell is small with many branching processes. Findings indicate that the neostriatum has 2 distinct types of spiny neurons with long axons (spiny I and II), some of which may contribute to the efferent system. There are also 2 (aspiny I and III) or perhaps as many as 4 categories (aspiny I, II, III and neurogliform) of typical Golgi type II cells. Large neurons belong to 2 separate populations, one with dendritic spines and a long axon (large version of spiny II), and one with varicosities and presumably a short axon (aspiny II). A realistic interpretation of neurophysiologic data on the neostriatum must take into account all cell types instead of the current view of considering it as a pool of interneurons with few output cells. PMID- 822917 TI - Inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract neurons by stimulation in the region of the nucleus raphe mahnus. PMID- 822918 TI - Simple spike frequency and the number of secondary spikes in the complex spike of the cerebellar Purkinje cell. PMID- 822919 TI - [Contribution to the problem of circulation of diphtheric corynebacteria in the population of Bratislava. I]. PMID- 822921 TI - Structure and function in biology. PMID- 822920 TI - Neutron diffraction studies of biological membranes and membrane components. AB - In this paper the methods and techniques of neutron diffraction studies of biological membranes and membrane components have been described and demonstrated. Foremost among these are the methods of deuterium exchange and deuterium labeling, since they can directly provide locations of membrane components. In addition, the methods of contrast variation with H2O-D2O mixtures, swelling, direct scaling of data from deuterium-labeled structures, and magnetic orientation have provided useful information in neutron diffraction analyses of membrane structures. Although this field is only in its infancy, it clearly has very encouraging prospects. PMID- 822922 TI - Radiology in tumor lacalization and definition. PMID- 822923 TI - Definitive radiation therapy. PMID- 822924 TI - Combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy: a logical basis for their clinical use. PMID- 822926 TI - Goals for the future of radiation oncology. PMID- 822925 TI - New instrumentation in radiation oncology. PMID- 822927 TI - The toxicity of sodium nitroprusside. PMID- 822929 TI - Biochemical characterization of a cortexless mutant of a variant of Bacillus cereus. AB - Previous studies on this cortexless mutant of Bacillus cereus var. alesti indicated that the forespore membrane was the site of the biochemical lesion. This hypothesis is supported by the results presented here: fatty acid composition of sporulating cells of themutant is altered, while in vegetative cells it is comparable to the parent; soluble precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis are accumulated in the mutant, at the time of cortex formation; homogenates of the mutant prepared at the time of cortex formation are unable to incorporate tritiated diaminopimelic acid into peptidoglycan, while homogenates of cells forming germ cell wall do so to an extent comparable to that of the parent; lipid-linked intermediates are formed by the mutant as in the parent. Apparently the mutant is unable either to transfer disaccharide penta-peptide units from the carrier lipid to the growing peptidoglycan acceptor, or to transport lipid-linked intermediates across the forespore membrane. PMID- 822928 TI - The use of cellulose products to reduce agar concentration in microbiological media. AB - The use of agar in media for culturing microorganisms is fundamental to microbiological investigations. Shortages of agar have caused increased costs and difficulty in obtaining media. Evidence is presented for the use of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), an inert compound, in conjunction with agar to reduce the concentration of agar necessary to achieve a solid plating surface. A variety of bacteria, blue-green bacteria, fungi, and a yeast were tested for growth on CMC agar media. T-2 bacteriophage and three cyanophages were tested for plaque-forming efficiency on CMC agar plates. Selective and differential media were also formulated with a CMC agar supplement. Growth of all microorganisms was comparable on CMC and agar control. Use of cellulose products provides a means of decreasing agar consumption without affecting successful cultivation of microorganisms. PMID- 822930 TI - Nitrogen fixation in the muskeg ecosystem of the James Bay Lowlands, Northern Ontario. AB - The acetylene-reduction assay was used for in situ and laboratory assessment of biological nitrogen fixation in the acidic, waterlogged, muskeg ecosystem of the southern James Bay area, in the region of Moosonee, Ontario. In situ assays and subsequent laboratory experimentation revealed that nitrogenase activity was predominately a function of the activities of heterocystic blue-green bacteria associated with surface water, with the phyllosphere of mosses, and with at least one lichen, a species of Peltigera. No such in situ activity was detected in the subsurface organic material, even when such material was amended with glucose. However, under laboratory conditions at 20 degrees C, nitrogenase activity was evident in the subsurface layers after an extended lag and was shown to be higher under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions, to have an optimum temperature range extending about a mean of 20 degrees C, and to be stimulated by glucose. This potential for subsurface nitrogen fixation proved to be related to the presence of microorganisms existing in anaerobic microsites within the organic layers and no microorganisms capable of fixation could be detected under aerobic incubation. PMID- 822931 TI - Cation exchange in cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. AB - The relative affinities of various cations for anionic sites in isolated, bacterial cell walls were assessed by means of a technique involving displacement of one cation by another. The affinity series determined was H+ greater than La3+ greater than Cd2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than K+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+. High affinity was correlated with low mobility of the bound ions in an electric field. The net cation-exchange capacities of walls isolated from a variety of bacteria were estimated by preparing the magnesium forms of the walls, washing them well with deionized water to remove supernumerary ions, and then completely displacing the magnesium with Na+ or H+. Total amounts of magnesium displaced varied from 73 mumol per gram dry weight, for walls of the teichoic acid-deficient 52A5 strain of Staphylococcus aureus to about 520 mumol per gram for Bacillus megaterium KM walls.... PMID- 822932 TI - Speculations on a possible essential function of the gelatinous sheath of blue green algae. AB - Voluminous and often fluffy sheaths surrounding blue-green algal cells are observed (a) in productive natural waters, (b) in bacteria-containing laboratory cultures growing in inorganic nutrient media with added bacteria-assimilable organic matter, and (c) in axenic cultures in the same inorganic media even without added organic matter. The sheaths of bacteria-associated species in inorganic media without added organic matter are, by comparison, thin, and growth is meager. Repeated observations show that voluminous sheaths and vigorous growth of algal species are associated. It is suggested that formation and retention of a voluminous shealth provide a microenvironment around the algal cell where essential nutrients, present at only submarginal levels in the surrounding water, are concentrated and become readily available to the cell. The increase in nutrient concentration above a critical level, in turn, leads to vigorous algal growth. The voluminous sheath produced by the alga is not attacked by alga associated bacteria when other assimilable organic matter is available; but in the absence of a more suitalble food, the bacteria feed on the less desirable gelatinous sheath, markedly reducing its thickness and causing meager algal growth. PMID- 822933 TI - The placing reaction in adult neurology. AB - The first description of the placing reaction (PR) in 12 human adult cases is given. The optimum position for eliciting the placing reaction (PR) is the dangling leg posture, i.e. the same as for the forward groping of the foot. There are three forms of PR quite similar to those noticed in animal physiology, i.e. the visual-PR, the dorsum-PR and the sole-PR. The term contact placing is preferred for the last two forms. The PR is encountered only in patients displaying a forward and medial groping of the foot as well as a groping of the hand on the same side. The PR is usually ipsilateral to the main cerebral lesion but there was no single case with a well limited unilateral lesion. An involvement of retrorolandic areas seems to be necessary for the occurrence of PR. It is concluded that both groping phenomena and the PR are highly coordinated reflexes subserving self-preservation and belonging to antigravity mechanisms, i.e. the standing posture. PMID- 822934 TI - Intestinal helminths in Macaca sylvanus of Gibraltar. PMID- 822935 TI - The evaluation of the physical and mental impairments of a long-term and rehabilitation hospital patient population. PMID- 822936 TI - A code of nomenclature for pyocin types of Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 822937 TI - The epidemiological significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital sinks. PMID- 822938 TI - Services for patients with long-term illnesses: a planned approach. PMID- 822939 TI - Pathology of Bacillus cereus mastitis in dairy cows. PMID- 822940 TI - Aucte Bacillus cereus mastitis in dairy cattle associated with use of a contaminated antibiotic. PMID- 822941 TI - Cardiotoxicity of adriamycin and related anthracyclines. PMID- 822942 TI - Effects of castration and androgen-substitution on the morphology of the epididymal epithelium of the Japanese monkey, Macacus fuscatus, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The caput epididymidis from castrated and androgen-supplemented, castrated Japanese monkeys was observed with the scanning electron microscope. The experimental findings were compared with the normal structures in control animals. The epididymal lumen of control animals was lined by a tall, pseudostratified columnar epithelium possessing long, slender stereocilia which were densely arranged in a tuft-like form. After castration, the epididymal epithelium was decreased in height to one-fifth of controls. The stereocilia were also considerably reduced in length and in number, resulting in a flattened epithelial surface with polygonal boundaries. Frequent projection of a long, single cilium from an epithelial cell into the lumen was also a prominent feature in the epididymal ducts of the castrated animals. Administration of testosterone to the castrated animals resulted in almost complete recovery of the epididymal epithelium as well as regeneration of the stereocilia which regained a tuft-like arrangement. PMID- 822944 TI - [The physiologic role of testosterone in the woman]. PMID- 822943 TI - Ultrastructural patterns of RNA synthesis during early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Chromatin was obtained from Drosophila melanogaster during early embryogenesis and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Nuclear contents spread at progressive stages of syncytial development show a low level of only non-nuclear template activity, and very few RNP fibril gradients extending over 2mum in length are observed. At the cellular blastoderm stage, newly activated nucleolar genes appear during the early portion of the first true cell cycle. Variation in the lengths of incomplete rRNP gradients indicates that the activation of each rRNA gene is independently controlled. All rRNA loci, whether having complete or incomplete gradients, exhibit high densities of nascent transcripts per unit length, suggesting that the rate of chromatin transcription, rather than the RNA polymarase I pool size, limits rRNA synthesis on individual genes. No more than half the rRNA genes are derepressed at this stage indicating that total rRNA synthesis is regulated by the number of genes activated. Non-nucleolar RNP fibril gradients covering up to 8 mum of genome are also first observed at the cellular blastoderm stage. Most of these gradients are differentiated from the short gradient first seen during syncytial growth by a lower density of transcribing RNA polymerases. PMID- 822945 TI - [Caliceal diverticula]. AB - The Authors describe a case of calycial diverticulum which came under their observation, discussing the aetiopathogenetic and anatomopathological factors and the mechanisms supporting this pathological event. They conclude that it must be considered as of congenital origin and generally treated with conservative therapy, limiting the use of demolitive surgical therapy solely to cases of deep and diffused alteration of the kidney. PMID- 822946 TI - Adaptive response to carbohydrate infusions following surgical trauma. PMID- 822947 TI - [Protein composition of hemolymph from the crabs Carcinus mediterraneus Czerniavsky, healthy or parasitized by Sacculina carcini Thompson]. AB - The proteic composition of haemolymph from C. mediterraneus varies during the intermoult cycle. Some proteic fractions are occasionally absent in post-ecdysis. At each intermoult stage, parasitized Crabs have generally the same protein pattern as healthy ones, but the presence of the observed fractions is not constant. Compared healthy Crabs, the sacculinized animals show a surnumerary proteic fraction. With very short delay, the injection of ecdysterone puts the proteic composition of haemolymph from sacculinized Crabs in order, this composition becomes comparable to that from healthy individuals. PMID- 822948 TI - [Influence of a juvenile hormone analog on ovarian function in parasectomized Labidura riparia (Insecta, Dermaptera) females]. AB - The juvenile hormone analogue (methyl 3.7.11-trimethyl 11-chloro 2-dodecanoate), after administration at various doses on parsectomised female earwigs prevented the degeneration of follicular cells of ovaries and also induced a rapid vitellogenesis followed usually by an oviposition. However, the normal reproductive cycle and the parental care could not be restored in such treated female Insects. PMID- 822949 TI - [Demonstration of a microtubule protein (tubulin) in swine parathyroid cytosol]. AB - A cytosolic colchicine-binding protein has been studied in Porcine parathyroid glands. The molecular weight of this protein is 110,000 dalton with a 6 S sedimentation constant. Its colchicine affinity is 1.3 X 10(6) l/mole at 37 degrees C. Polymerization-depolymerization kinetics and vinblastin sulfate induced precipitation are the same as that of a tubulin. PMID- 822950 TI - [Effects of artificial light, distributed through long photophases, on the annual growth cycle of the crayfish Orconectes limosus (Raffinesque)]. AB - A photophase of 18 hrs interrupts the annual anecdysis of Orconectes limosus, which does not constitute an irrefutable evidence of a photoperiodic control in the cessation of anecdysis, since molts are also induced during the annual rest by an abnormally high temperature after a stay at low temperature. On the contrary, long photophases (18 and 24 hrs), dispensed from the beginning of the molting period, do not inhibit the start of the anecdysis of adults on the express condition that the covers are reconstituted. PMID- 822951 TI - [Oscillations in the transepithelial electric potential and current under the influence of lithium]. AB - One can induce sustained oscillations of the spontaneous potential of the frog epithelium by replacing whole or part of the sodium of the external medium with lithium; in the same conditions, the electric current at imposed potential gives damped oscillations. The shape of the oscillations varies much according to the external medium. In the case of the quasi-sinusoidal oscillations, The period is always about 10 mn. We suggest formulating this phenomenon within the framework of the dissipative structurations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. PMID- 822952 TI - [Presence of aluminum and magnesium in the cerebral arteries and parenchyma of patients with striatonigral syndrome: study by Castaing's microprobe]. AB - Electron probe microanalysis demonstrates the presence of aluminium, magnesium, iron, calcium, phosphorus in and around blood vessels in the pallidum (vascular siderosis) and in the putaminal parenchyma in five out of six cases of striatonigral degeneration, associated with orthostatic hypotension in two of these cases. These results suggest that striatonigral degeneration could be the result of a vascular disease, the result of an elemental intoxication of unknown cause. PMID- 822953 TI - [Biochemical determination of B. thuringiensis thermostabile, exotoxin, using the inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerases]. AB - This method can determine amounts of exotoxin near 1 mug. Used on the autoclaved filtrates of cultures of B. thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (serotype 1 type strain), it shows an excretion rate of 250 to 300 mug per millilitre. The results on different exotoxin-producer strains give a perfect parallelism with the results obtained by bio-assays on Insects, but the biochemical method is more accurate and reproducible. This biochemical technique allows us, for the first time, to place the exotoxin excretion during the sporulation stage and not during the exponential growth. PMID- 822954 TI - [A new visual pathway in an anour amphibian, Discoglossus pictus]. AB - The retino-tectai projections of the Anura Discoglossus pictus were examined on seventeen adult specimens unilaterally enucleated. After a postoperative survival period of 9 to 105 days, the degenerating fibers and terminals were shown by Nauta and electromicroscopic techniques. This work points out the existence of a direct ipsilateral retino-tectal pathway in Anura. Typical terminal degenerations were seen in the postero-medial part of the ipsilateral tectum. The implications of this new anatomical pathway in binocular vision is discussed. PMID- 822956 TI - [Secretion of ovarian estrogen induced by HCG in immature hypophysectomised rats]. AB - The daily injection of 50 IU of HCG to immature hypophysectomized Rats does not stimulate follicular growth, even at long term, but causes vaginal estrus of ovarian origin after about 11 to 12 days. The part played by "thecal bodies" induced by HCG in the production of estrogen is discussed. PMID- 822955 TI - [Seasonal variations in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in cord blood of newborn infants]. AB - An estimation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) by competitive proteic binding after silicic acid chromatography was performed in the cord blood of 130 neonates whose births were spaced throughout a whole year. The concentration of 25-OH-D3 is seen to rise regularly from May to August and then drops rapidly from September. The average value observed in the summer period (9,3 +/- 5,8 ng/ml) is worth twice the value of the cold season (4,7 +/- 1,7 ng/ml). A direct correlation can be seen ( y = 0,030 x + 1,68, r = 0,92, p less than 0,0001) between the average monthly rate (y: ng/ml) of 25-OH-D3 in the cord plasma and the number of sunny hours (x: hours/month) for the area concerned (Lyons, France) in the last month of pregnancy. This evidence suggests the possible existence of a relative vitamin D deficiency in the foetus and its possible cause as an aggravating feature in the hypocalcaemia of the neonate. PMID- 822957 TI - [Perinatal development of adrenal gland adrenaline and noradrenaline in the fetus, newborn and mother guinea pig]. AB - The adrenaline concentration in the adrenal gland of the Guinea-Pig rose before parturition in the foetus, then increased markedly in the newborn. The fall which occurred between hours 1.30 and 6 post-partum went on until the end of the first postnatal day. At birth, the adrenal potency to synthesize adrenaline was similar to that of the adult. PMID- 822958 TI - [Analysis of the hemocyte proteins from Astacus leptodactylus]. AB - Three soluble proteins exist in the haemocytes of Astacus leptodactylus in an appreciable amount. The first one is "fibrinogen" apparently in its monomer state, which is at the origin of the clottable plasmatic protein. The second is assumed to be a slow hemocyanin and the third to be a molt fraction. PMID- 822959 TI - [Intestinal coccidiosis of the rabbitt: comparison of the pathogenic power of Eimeria intestinalis with 3 other Eimeria]. AB - The study of the specific pathogenicity of Eimeria sp. was impossible in the absence of coccidium free Rabbits and in consequence of pure strains of Coccidia. Recently, we could realise these two conditions and started the comparative study of E. magna, E. media, E. perforans and E. intestinalis infection. E. intestinalis is characterised by a higher pathogenicity: symptoms and mortality are more important and complete recovery is rare. PMID- 822960 TI - [Potent natural inhibitors of tobacco mosaic virus multiplication]. AB - The hypersensitivity reaction in Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi n.c. infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (T.M.V.) leads to the production of aromatic amides (ferulylputrescine, diferulylputrescine, p-coumarylputrescine and di-p coumarylputrescine) inthe cells around the necroses. Similar compounds are formed in Xanthi plants after floral induction. p-coumarylputrescine, di-p coumarylputrescine and caffeylputrescine strongly inhibit T.M.V. multiplication. PMID- 822961 TI - Effects of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on tension prolongation of cat papillary muscle during recovery from hypoxia. AB - Because of recent studies suggesting that vasodilators affect ventricular compliance, we studied the effect of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on the mechanical performance of 21 isolated cat papillary muscles. The muscles were stimulated isometrically at 36 beats/min. Sixteen of the muscles were made hypoxic (95% N2, 5% CO2) for 50 minutes and then reoxygenated. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M) added to four of these muscles prior to hypoxia substantially diminished the tension prolongation (both the time to peak tension, TTP, and time for tension to fall to 1/2 its peak value, RT 1/2) that characterizes recovery from hypoxia. TTP and RT 1/2 measured 2 minutes after reoxygenation were 300 +/- 20 msec and 528 +/- 26 msec for the control muscles compared to 208 +/- 13 msec and 248 +/- 22 msec for the muscles pretreated with nitroprusside. Nitroprusside had no effect on the fall and recovery of peak developed force or on the rise and fall of resting force. Furthermore, nitroprusside had no effect on the above parameters in nonhypoxic muscles. We also found that nitroprusside in concentrations of 10(-7) M and nitroglycerin in concentrations of 10(-5) M had little or no effect on tension prolongation. The results of the study indicate that nitroprusside is capable of blocking the tension prolongation that occurs during recovery from hypoxia and may prevent the incomplete myocardial relaxation thought to characterize this phenomenon. Since nitroglycerin had no effect on tension prolongation, it is possible that other factors also may be important in the apparent increase in left ventricular compliance associated with administration of vasodilators to patients. PMID- 822962 TI - Nitroglycerin-induced severe hypotension and bradycardia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Seven episodes of simultaneous severe systemic arterial hypotension and absolute or relative bradycardia were observed in five patients receiving either sublingual nitroglycerin (two patients) or intravenous nitroglycerin (three patients) within the first 24 hours of onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Left ventricular filling pressure, measured as pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, decreased simultaneously in all four patients in whom pulmonary artery pressures were monitored. No initial increase in heart rate was observed in any of the five patients prior to the development of bradycardia. Possible mechanisms producing simultaneous bradycardia and hypotension during nitroglycerin administration are considered. The patient studies emphasize the importance of careful hemodynamic monitoring during administration of sublingual or intravenous nitroglycerin to patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 822964 TI - The effect of sodium cromoglycate on the antigen-induced nasal reaction in allergic rhinitis as measured by rhinomanometry and symptomatology. AB - The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the allergic reaction in the nose was compared with placebo in a double blind crossover study of sixteen patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. The drug effect was assessed by both a rhinomanometric method and by symptom scores in all patients. DSCG protected the nasal mucosa against antigen challenge and was significantly better than placebo. There was a correlation betwen the objective and subjective assessments. PMID- 822963 TI - The SIgA system and hypersensitivity in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - A number of investigations have been used for the first time to examine the secretory IgA (SIgA) system in different body fluids from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Free J-chain was detected in all the sputum specimens examined. The isolated free secretory component (SC) from CF sputum differed in electrophoretic mobility from the SC isolated from normal human colostrum. In addition the free SC from some CF saliva formed precipitin lines of partial identity with normal human saliva or colostrum. A higher proportion of CF sera (33%) than of normal sera (10%) contained free SC. These investigations suggest that there may be some defect in the synthesis and/or the assembly of the SIgA immunoglobulins, which if confirmed, may help to explain the impaired Type I and Type III allergic manifestations in patients with CF. PMID- 822965 TI - The effect of sodium cromoglycate on analgesic-induced asthmatic reactions. AB - The onset of increased airways obstruction after analgesic ingestion by asthmatics with analgesic idiosyncrasy suggests an immediate type 1 allergic response. The effect of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on this response was assessed in nineteen patients with this syndrome. DSCG prevented asthmatic attacks in only three patients, all non-atopic, suggesting that analgesic idiosyncrasy is not an allergic disorder, The effectiveness of DSCG in preventing asthmatic attacks in some patients with analgesic idiosyncrasy would suggest that a trial of this preparation should be undertaken before commencing continuous corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 822967 TI - Polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis of unconcentrated urine samples with special reference to Bence Jones proteins. AB - The polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis has been applied to the fractionation of 27 samples of unconcentrated urine obtained from the patients with monoclonal gammopathy. It was shown that 44% of the whole Bence Jones protein bands examined were detected in the area between 0.70 and 0.90 expressed in terms of relative migration based on transferrin. The method provided a satisfactory separation of native urine proteins with good reproducibility and few technical difficulties. It may become an efficient tool in clinical chemistry. PMID- 822966 TI - Isolation of acidic glycopeptides from urine by means of anion-exchange resins. Application to some cases of glycosphingolipidosis or mucolipidosis. AB - An acidic fraction containing aminosugar was isolated by means of Dowex 1 from normal human urine which had previously been filtered through Ecteolacellulose. After purification, the fraction was shown to be composed of peptides and carbohydrates in comparable amounts. Threonine, serine and dicarboxylic acids were the principal amino acids. The carbohydrate moiety was mainly composed of galactose and glucosamine in the approximate ratio 3 : 1, together with smaller amounts of fucose, sialic acid, galactosamine and mannose. The presence of an O glycosidic bond to threonine was shown by alkali treatment in reducing conditions. The fraction is probably a mixture of acidic glycopeptides. Fractions showing similar characteristics were isolated from urine of patients with Niemann Pick disease, Gaucher's disease, I-cell disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Slight differences from the normal were found in the composition of the fraction isolated from GM1-gangliosidosis type 1. PMID- 822968 TI - Serum proline imino-peptidase activity in normal adult subjects and in patients with Paget's disease of bone. AB - The activity of proline imino-peptidase (EC 3.4.1.4) may provide a measure of collagen degradation, and a method for its estimation in human serum is described. The mean value of this enzyme activity in 48 normal adults of 4.7 mU/l (S.D. 0.9) did not change with sex, age or dietary collagen. In 8 patients with liver disease associated with elevated levels of plasma alkaline phosphatase activity the mean value was normal (4.5 mU/l, S.D. 1.5). However, in 25 patients with untreated Paget's disease of bone, values were significantly increased (mean 7.4 mU/l; S.D. 2.8; p less than 0.001) and were positively correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.75; p less than 0.001) and with urine total hydroxyproline excretion (r = 0.68; p less than 0.001). In patients given disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for 3--6 months, serum proline imino peptidase activity decreased to normal values. PMID- 822969 TI - Hydrogen peroxide production by leukocytes in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production during phagocytosis was studied in polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from children suffering from severe protein calorie malnutrition. Formation of H2O2 was significantly reduced both in the resting condition and during phagocytosis. Improvement in this function of leukocytes was observed following nutritional rehabilitation. Sub-optimal H2O2 production during phagocytosis may be one of the reasons for impaired bactericidal activity of leukocytes seen in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 822970 TI - Effect of thyroxine on the inactivation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone by rat and human plasma. AB - The inactivation of synthetic [3H]thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) by plasma was studied in rats treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) alone or with PTU and thyroxine. 48 h after the onset of treatment with thyroxine, the capacity of rat plasma to inactivate [3H]TRH was significantly increased. The percentage of deamidation of TRH to TRH-free acid was increased 2-fold after 4 days of administration of thyroid hormone. The inactivation of TRH by plasma from hypothyroid patients was compared to that obtained from hyperthyroid patients. Extraction of human plasma incubated with [3H]TRH, followed by thin-layer electrophoresis, showed that transformation of [3H[TRH into TRH-free acid was 44% higher in plasma from hyperthyroid than from hypothyroid patients (P less than 0 05). These data suggest that the inactivation process of TRH by blood proteins could be an important factor in the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid axis in rat and man. PMID- 822971 TI - [Sex differences in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system in the maturation period in rats]. PMID- 822972 TI - [Induction of abortion with anti-feto-placental antibody]. PMID- 822973 TI - Cellular immune responses to salivary antigens in autoimmune liver disease with sicca syndrome. AB - Twenty-six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and twenty-two with active chronic hepatitis (ACH) were examined for evidence of the sicca syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia). Measurements of tear flow and total saliva flow showed that at least one sicca feature was present in twenty (77%) of the patients with PBC and ten (45%) of those with ACH. Examination of cellular immune responses to a protein fraction of normal human saliva using the leucocyte migration test showed sensitization to the saliva protein in twenty-three of the thirty cases with sicca syndrome but in only two of the eighteen in whom sicca features were not detected. Antisera raised in guinea-pigs against the saliva protein gave specific immunofluorescent staining of bile duct epithelial cells in sections of normal human liver. These findings suggest that damage to structures in the liver may lead to sensitization to various self-antigens which cross-react with other tissues in which a similar disease process may be consequently be initiated. PMID- 822974 TI - Intracytoplasmic and surface-bound immunoglobulins in "nonsecretory" and Bence Jones myeloma. AB - Immunoglobulins were studied at the cellular level by direct immunofluorescence in twenty-five patients with 'nonsecretory' myeloma and thirty-six patiens with Bence-Jones (BJ) myeloma. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of thirty-six patients with common secretory myeloma. A monoclonal Ig (IgG in eighteen, IgA in three and kappa chains only in three cases) was found in the cytoplasm of the plasma cells from all the patients with 'nonsecretory' myeloma, with a striking dysbalance in the staining brightness for the heavy and the light chains. A similar dysbalance in staining was also observed for plasma cell surface Ig chains but in the opposite way. In twenty patients with BJ myeloma studied for cytoplasmic Ig only, determinants of a heavy chain were clearly found in four cases. When surface Ig were studied also, the production of gamma chains in addition to the light chain could be ascertained in six of sixteen cases. In addition, IgM with the same light chain type as the BJ protein was detected at the cell surface on plasma cells and lymphocytes in two of these sixteen patients. 'Monoclonal' populations of B lymphocytes bearing the same Ig chains as those produced by the myeloma cells were detectable in five of eleven 'nonsecretory' myeloma and in five of sixteen BJ myeloma patients. Normal blood B lymphocytes were in decreased number, particularly when a 'monoclonal' lymphocytic population was detected. Data are discussed which suggest that plasma cells from most patients with 'nonsecretory' myeloma might synthesize and secrete Ig molecules with structurally abnormal chains that are then quickly degraded. PMID- 822975 TI - Antimicrobial factors in the exudates of skin windows in human subjects. AB - The "skin window" technique in which the horny layer of the skin is abraded with a high speed grinder has been used to study the appearance of proteins with antimicrobial activity in the fluid accumulating in damaged human skin. The fluid was absorbed into paper discs and protein levels measured by radial diffusion. The skin exudates contained about 45% as much IgG and IgM as the subjects' serum, but the amount of IgA (68% of the serum level) in the exudate was significantly greater, suggesting selective transport into the lesion. The fluid also contains complement proteins, lysozyme and lactoferrin. The methods used in this study may provide useful information about clinical situations in which susceptibility to cutaneous infection is increased. PMID- 822976 TI - Immunological and physiocochemical study of a crystallizable Bence-Jones cryoprotein. PMID- 822977 TI - Modern aspects in diagnosis and treatment of the asthmatic patient. PMID- 822978 TI - Esophagostomy for feeding. PMID- 822979 TI - Effect of conjugation on the incorporation of glycine into tetrahymena. PMID- 822980 TI - Role of Lymphocytes in Cellular resistance in infection. PMID- 822981 TI - Butorphanol, a new intravenous analgesic: double-blind comparison with morphine sulfate in postoperative patients with moderate or severe pain. PMID- 822983 TI - Cephradine in the treatment of infectious syphilis. PMID- 822982 TI - Parenteral use of cephradine in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections: results of two studies. PMID- 822984 TI - Comparison of bethanidine dosing schedules for rapid control of blood pressure. PMID- 822985 TI - Antihypertensive efficacy of metolazone (Zaroxolyn) alone and combined with reserpine in treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 822986 TI - Calcium dobesilate versus placebo in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy: a double-blind cross-over study. PMID- 822987 TI - Control of acute alcoholic withdrawal symptoms: a comparative study of haloperidol and chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 822989 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on haloperidol in man. PMID- 822988 TI - Mesoridazine in Huntington's disease (chorea): effect on weight, dyskinesia, and mental function. PMID- 822990 TI - Comparative psychotropic effects of trazodone, imipramine and diazepam in normal subjects. PMID- 822992 TI - Open-door education cannot be negated. PMID- 822991 TI - [Basocellular nevus carcinoma syndrome]. PMID- 822993 TI - Conscientiously study the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat to promote the work in family planning. PMID- 822994 TI - How woman and child health work is promoted in our county. PMID- 822995 TI - Pharmacological studies of a contraceptive drug anordrin. PMID- 822997 TI - Malaria control in China, with special reference ot bioenvironmental methods of control. PMID- 822996 TI - Lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. New method of management and its theoretical basis. PMID- 822999 TI - Correlation between the pattern of arteries at the base of the brain and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 822998 TI - Bilateral bundle branch block. Right bundle branch block associated with left anterior fascicular block. PMID- 823000 TI - Surgical treatment of vena caval obstruction with bleeding esophageal varices by azygos vein-right atrium anastomosis. PMID- 823001 TI - [Current viewpoints on postoperative infusion therapy]. PMID- 823002 TI - ABO-RH blood groups and psychiatric diagnosis: a critical review. AB - The authors studied 312 consecutive admissions to a psychiatric service for a relationship of the ABO - Rh blood groups with psychiatric diagnosis. Even though the results were significant, showing an increase of A blood group with M.D.D. and O group with Sch, the authors observe that the general patient population was skewed and significantly different from the general population of the area. This same observation was made for most of the previous studies that have reported significant correlations between various blood groups and different psychiatric diagnosis. Because of this, the conclusion of the present study is that at the present time positive associational findings of blood groups with psychiatric diagnosis are probably related to a skewed and stratified patient population sample. PMID- 823003 TI - [Proteins of Drosophila salivary gland secretions]. PMID- 823004 TI - [Microtubule structure in Tetrahymena pyriformis cilia]. PMID- 823006 TI - [Optimal protein substitution in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 823005 TI - [Lymphadenopathy in phenytoin treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In a 15-year-old female patient treated with phenytoin (100 mg tds) for symptomatic epilepsy generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, particularly in the cervical region, occurred three weeks after beginning treatment. The histological findings suggested lymphogranulomatosis which could not be confirmed clinically. Despite continuation of phenytoin treatment the lymphoma regressed spontaneously. It appears to have been a rare case of an allergic reaction to phenytoin. PMID- 823007 TI - Measles complications as seen at Mwanza regional consultant and teaching hospital in 1973. PMID- 823008 TI - Ninety day toxicity of carbaryl in male rats. PMID- 823009 TI - Yellow fever unwelcome visitor now in residence. PMID- 823010 TI - Yellow fever epidemic sites revisited: possible areas of yellow fever endemicity in Ethiopia. PMID- 823011 TI - Photosynthetic activities of membrane preparations of the blue-green alga Phormidium luridum. AB - Techniques have been developed for the isolation of whole spheroplaste and membrane preparations from the blue-green alga Phormidium luridum which are active in photosystem-II-sensitized and photosystem-I-sensitized electron transport reactions and in photophosphorylation. Attention is called to the necessity of supplying magnesium and phosphate throughout the preparative and assay procedures for obtaining active membranes. Selective washing of a proper membrane preparation is shown to remove a new protein factor, termed protein factor 1, which restores the ability of the preparation ot catalyze photosystem-I sensitized reactions. PMID- 823012 TI - An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. AB - A simple method is described for converting a standard rabbit reticulocyte cell free extract (lysate) into an mRNA-dependent protein synthesis system. The lysate is preincubated with CaCl2 and micrococcal nuclease, and then excess ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid is added to chelate the Ca2+ and inactivate the nuclease. Lysates treated in this way have neglibible endogenous amino acid incorporation activity, but 75% of the activity of the original lysate can be recovered by the addition of globin mRNA. The efficiency of utilisation of added mRNA and the sensitivity of the system are both very high. No residual nuclease activity could be detected, and the tRNA is functionally unimpaired. Several different species of mRNA have been shown to be translated efficiently into full-sized products of the expected molecular weight up to about 200000, and there is no detectable accumulation of incomplete protein products. The efficient translation of RNA from two plant viruses (tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus) required heterologous tRNA. PMID- 823013 TI - Resolution and partial characterization of a low-molecular-weight product of protein synthesis in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. PMID- 823014 TI - Reconstitution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity with menadione in membrane vesicles from the menaquinone-deficient Bacillus subtilis aro D. Relation between electron transfer and active transport. AB - Membrane vesicles from the menaquinone-deficient Bacillus subtilis aro D contain a low content of menaquinone and consequently oxidaze reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) at low rate. Supplementation of the membrane vesicles suspension with the menaquinone-analogue menadione, results in an incorporation of menadione in the membranes. The incorporated menadione increases with the external menadione concentration up to a maximum of 7 nmol of menadione bound per mg membrane protein. The NADH oxidase activity of the membrane vesicles increases linearly with the menadione content and a 35-fold stimulation is obtained in fully reconstituted membrane vesicles; this maximal NADH oxidase activity is about two-fold higher than the NADH oxidase activity in membrane vesicles from wild-type B.subtilis W23. Supplementation of membrane vesicles from B.subtilis W23 with menadione also results in a stimulation of the NADH oxidase activity but only a stimulation of 1.6-fold is maximally obtained. The NADH oxidase activities in reconstituted B.subtilis aro D and B.subtilis W23 membrane vesicles are similarly affected by respiratory chain inhibitors, indicating that menadione occupies physiological sites of menaquinone. NADH and the non-physiological electron donor ascorbate + phenazine methosulphate are the best energy sources for active amino acid transport in membrane vesicles from B.subtilis W23. Membrane vesicles from B.subtilis aro D accumulate amino acids in the presence of acorbate + phenazine methosulphate, but not with NADH. However, membrane vesicles from this mutant, reconstituted with menadione, demonstrate NADH-driven transport activity. This activity increases linearly with the NADH oxidase activity, but maximal transprt activities are reached under conditions where the NADH oxidase activity is not yet maximal. These results indicate that the rate of energy supply is the limiting factor for transport at low NADH oxidase activities and that the transport system itself becomes the limiting factor for transport at low NADH oxidase activities and that the transport system itself becomes the limiting factor under conditions of high NADH oxidase activities. Under energy-limiting conditions 135-235 molecules of NADH have to be oxidized in order to transport one molecule of amino acid. At all levels of energy supply a competition by the different amino acid transport systems for the available energy could not be observed. These observations indicate that only a fraction of the energy, generated by the respiratory chain, is used for the transport of an amino acid and that the bulk of the energy dissipates via other channels in the membrane vesicles. PMID- 823015 TI - Light-induced enzyme synthesis in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Demonstration in a heterologous cell-free system of rapid changes in the rate of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis. AB - The conditions for protein synthesis in vitro with polyribosomes from cell suspension cultures of parsel (Petroselinum hortense) and a wheat-germ extract were investigated. Two different criteria were used as estimated of the translational activity: (a) the total rate of incorporation of [35S]methionine into acid-insoluble material; (b) the ratio of large (molecular weight greater than 25000) to small (molecular weight less than 25000) peptide products. Depending on which of the criteria was employed, the pH optimum and the optimal concentrations for Tris=acetate, magnesium acetate, KCL, methionine and the wheat germ extract differed considerably. The translational activity of the polyribosomes (both criteria) was effciently protected by 0.1 M Mg2+ against degradation during the isolation procedure. The rate of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in vitro with the polyribosomes was determined by measuring the incorporation rate of L-[35S]methionine into protein which was precipitable by a rabbit antiserum prepared for the purified enzyme. The immunoprecipitate was analyzed by disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecylsulfate and was shown to contain small amounts of the complete enzyme subunits and relatively large amounts of shorter peptides which were also characteristic for the enzyme. The time course of light-induced changes in the rate of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis in vitro were investigated during a period of 15 h under two different conditions of induction: the cell cultures were irradiated with ultraviolet light eith (A) continuously or (B) for 2.5 h and then returned to darkness. Although the highest rate of enzyme synthesis was observed somewhat later inexperiment A than in experiment B, the periods of time during which the rate of synthesis increased rapidly were limited in both cases to only a few hours. The results obtained in vitro were identical within the limits of the experimental error with theoretical calculations of the changes in the rate constant of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis in vivo. These changes were calculated from the corresponding curves for the changes in the enzyme activity under the conditions of induction. The results are in agreement with previous observations suggesting that the induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase by light in the parsley cells was a short-term effect whose efficiency was greatly reduced within the 15 h of experimentation, even under continuous irradiation. PMID- 823016 TI - Purification, properties and immunological relationship of L (+)-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei. AB - The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate-activated L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 has been purified to homogenity by including affinity chromatography (cibacronblue-Sephadex-G-200) and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into the purification procedures. The enzyme has an Mr of 132000-135000 with a subunit Mr of 34000. The pH optimum was found to be 5.4 insodium acetate buffer. Tris/maleate and citrate/phosphate buffers inhibited enzyme activity at this pH. The enzyme was completely inactivated by a temperature increase from 60 degrees C to 70 degrees C. Pyruvate saturation curves were sigmoidal in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. In the presence of 20 muM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate a Km of 1.0 mM for pyruvate was obtained, whereas fructose 1,6-bisphosphate had no effect on the Km of 0.01 mM for NADH. The use of pyruvate analogues revealed two types of pyruvate binding sites, a catalytic and an effector site. The enzyme from L. casei appears to be subject to strict metabolic control, since ADP, ATP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate are strong inhibitors. Immunodiffusion experiments with a rabbit antiserum to L. casei lactate dehydrogenase revealed that L. casei ATCC 393 L (+)-lactate dehydrogenase is probably not immunologically related to group D and group N streptococci. Of 24 lactic acid bacterial strains tested only 5 strains did cross-react: L. casei ATCC 393 = L. casei var. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 - L. casei var. alactosus NCDO 680 greater than L. casei UQM 95 greater than L. plantarum ATCC 14917. PMID- 823017 TI - Possible phospholipid precursor for phosphatidylserine in rat heart. AB - The incorporation of 32-P-labelled inorganic phosphate into phospholipids of rat heart slices was investigated in pulse-chase experiments. The comparison of the specific activities of individual phospholipids suggested that phosphatidic acid can be 32P precursor for phosphatidylserine. Studies with L-serine revealed the full calcium dependence of phosphatidyslserine formation in heart homogenates. Chasing experiments with [1,2-14C]ethanolamine and [methyl-14C]choline proved the precursor role of phospholipids phosphatidic acid was the most potent in stimulating phosphatidylserine formation in homogenates. The conclusion was reached that phosphatidic acid can also be regarded as precursor for phosphatidylserine. PMID- 823018 TI - Structural analyses of mutant and wild-type alcohol dehydrogenases from drosophila melanogaster. AB - Four genetic variants of alcohol dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster have been examined: wild-type F-enzyme (from the AdhF strain), the D-type mutant form (from the AdhD strain), which is catalytically active, and two proteins lacking enzymic activity (from the Adhn11 and Adhn5 strains). The proteins were compared by mapping of tryptic peptides. One pair of difference peptides was seen in the comparisons of the D and F-type enzymes. These peptides were purified and their sequences determined. The difference between the two proteins was shown to be an exchange at a single position of glycine in the F for glutamic acid in the D-type protein. This exchange is consistent with the greater acidity of alcohol dehydrogenase from the AdhD strain and can be produced by a single base mutation. The difference between the n11 and F-type proteins was not detected and is suggested to be in a large tryptic peptide. In addition to the difference peptides, other fragments from Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase were isolated and analyzed. The sequences determined account for approximately 50% of the amino acids in the protein and include regions around the two cysteine residues as well as possible terminal structures. All peptides analyzed were examined for structural identities with horse and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases. No clearly significant similarities were seen between the Drosophila enzyme and the other two proteins but low degrees of homology are possible. From the variations in cysteine-containing regions large differences appear to exist between the active sites of the insect enzyme and the other alcohol dehydrogenases. PMID- 823019 TI - Occurrence in Bacillus licheniformis of two species of 5-S RNA with multiple differences in primary structure. AB - Bacillus licheniformis was found to contain two species of 5-S RNA. One of these, the primary structure of which has been published previously [H. A. Raue, T.J. Stoof and R.J. Planta (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 59, 35--42] accounts for 80--90% of the total cellular amount of 5-S RNA. The other one, comprising 10--20% of the total amount, differs in primary structure from the major species at eight positions. All base changes are either purine leads to purine or pyrimidine leads to pyrimidine substitutions. Half of the changes are located within the 5' terminal part (15 nucleotides) of the molecule, the other half in the 3'-terminal region (22 nucleotides). At least one of the base changes is in a region which in B. subtilis has been implicated in processing of precursor 5-S RNA. The data are consistent with the existence of a single 5-S RNA cistron with a primary structure different from that of all other 5-S RNA cistrons in B. licheniformis. PMID- 823021 TI - The purification and properties of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase. AB - Glycogen synthase a was purified over 500-fold by a procedure which involved solubilisation of the enzyme from a protein-glycogen complex by the action of endogenous phosphorylase and debranching enzyme, followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and either gel filtration on Sepharose 4B or fractionation with polyethylene glycol. 15 mg of protein could be obtained from 1000 g of muscle in five days, corresponding to a yield of 20%. The purity was over 90% as judged by gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The amino acid composition was determined and the absorption coefficient, A1%280 NM, measured refractiometrically was 13.4. Glycogen synthase a sedimented as two major components, both of which were enzymatically active. The smaller species (13.3 S) comprised 85% and the larger species (19.OS) 15% of the material. The molecular weight of the 13.3-S component was determined to be 377000 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. The subunit molecular weight measured by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate was 88 000 indicating that the 13.3-S species is a tetramer. The properties of the enzyme are compared to those obtained by other workers. PMID- 823020 TI - Studies on the I-blood-group-active sites on macro-glycolipids from human erythrocytes. PMID- 823022 TI - Monomer addition as a mechanism of forming peptide cross-links in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790. AB - The relative amounts of radioactively labelled disaccharide-peptide monomers and peptide-cross-linked dimers and trimers found in the peptidoglycan of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were compared to the relative amounts to be expected from two different polymerization mechanisms (random condensation and monomer addition). Data from continuously-labeled, exponentially-growing cells are consistent with a monomer addition cross-linking process, not with a random condensation cross-linking mechanism. This conclusion was supported by data obtained from analyses of cells labeled during valine starvation (and wall thickening), recovery from valine starvation, and pulse and pulse-chase labeling of walls from exponentially-growing cultures. PMID- 823023 TI - Reactivation of genito-urinary tuberculosis: a retrospective review of 838 cases. AB - Relapse occurred in 53 cases out of 838 consecutive cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis, followed for periods of 11 months to 27 years. Initial and recurrent disease is classified, and the treatment given is described. Length of inactivity is estimated, and correlated with the type of therapy given. Sensitivity of the organisms to chemotherapy is stated. Conclusions suggest that a life-long follow-up, at yearly intervals, of patients with genito-urinary tuberculosis is justified, as recurrences are diagnosed early, destructive changes are than unlikely, further surgery may be avoided, and a repeat course of chemotherapy is usually curative. PMID- 823024 TI - Irregular regeneration and diverticulum formation after intubated ureterotomy. AB - Dilatation of the ureter and diverticulum formation after Davis' intubated ureterotomy is described. This irregular regeneration was observed in 10 patients out of 100 carefully reviewed post-operatively. In three of the cases where dilatation was particularly marked, the functional results of the Davis' operation was bad and there was recurrence of lithiasis. The conditions and complications of this operation which may lead to irregular regeneration are reviewed and some theoretical explanations are suggested. PMID- 823025 TI - Litholytic agents with bacteriostatic properties in conservative treatment of urolithiasis. AB - Litholytico-bacteriostatic agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can be used for direct dissolution of calcium and magnesium containing urinary stones. By means of a double-channel catheter (Timmermann) and the corresponding technique a direct irrigation of the kidney cavities with EDTA solutions was possible, without any serious side effects (instrumental stone chemolysis method). It must be pointed out that the instrumental chemolysis can be clinically applied only by a specialised scientific staff, and improvisation may cause serious complications; further development of new potential litholytico bacteriostatic agents is necessary in order to increase effectiveness of the method. Some clinical results are reported concerning the indications for this method by X-ray illustrations of successfully treated cases. PMID- 823027 TI - Effects of oestradiol - 17beta and tamoxifen on total and accessible cytoplasmic oestradiol - 17beta receptors in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours. PMID- 823026 TI - In vitro effects of prolactin upon testosterone metabolism by rat mammary adenocarcinomata. PMID- 823028 TI - The target cell in the chemical induction of carcinomas in mouse submandibular gland. PMID- 823029 TI - Sublingual nitroglycerin in the treatment of left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema. AB - In 15 patients with left heart failure due to coronary heart disease (10 acute and 5 old infarcts) the enddiastolic pressures in the pulmonary artery (left ventricular filling pressure) were elevated to 25 +/- 8 mm Hg and signs of pulmonary congestion were present. After nitroglycerin sublingually (0.8-1.6 mg) the left ventricular filling pressure fell to 17 +/- 8 mm Hg and caridac output tended to increase. Mean arterial pressure did not change significantly. In 6 patients with pulmonary edema, clinically an impressive improvement was observed within 5-15 min after administration of the drug. In 1 case the left ventricular filling pressure decreased from 50 to 27 mm Hg within 5 min. In left heart failure, especially in the presence of pulmonary edema, sublingual nitroglycerin is a potent drug with a favorable influence on hemodynamic and clinical parameters. PMID- 823030 TI - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of glipizide and glibenclamide in man. AB - Four subjects received 5 mg 14C-glipizide orally, 3 subjects 1 mg intravenously and 2 subjects 5 mg 14C-glibenclamide orally. Plasma levels of radioactivity, and urinary and faecal excretion were measured. For both drugs the disappearance of radioactivity from plasma followed complex kinetics and the apparent half-lives increased steadily with time. The two sulfonylureas were extensively metabolized and were excreted in the urine as hydroxylated or conjugated metabolites. The effects of both drugs on blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were comparable. The findings are compared with other published results. PMID- 823031 TI - Report of a workshop on fixed-ratio drug combinations. PMID- 823032 TI - Pharmacokinetics--uses and abuses. AB - It is apparent from studying recent articles on pharmacokinetics that a number of misunderstandings exist, both about the design of experiments and the analysis of results. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the common pitfalls associated with the design of experiments and also the limitations upon the analysis of results. The paper describes mathematical, laboratory and clinical aspects which must be examined in designing a protocol for pharmacokinetic experiments. Simulated data is presented to demonstrate the dangers of using standard computer programs for parameter estimation. Even when convergence is obtained the answers may be dependent on the method employed. A mathematical model is of little use unless a reasonable amount of good, accurate data is obtained. PMID- 823033 TI - Effects of a xanthine derivative (BL 191) on insulin secretion in normal man. AB - A xanthine derivative, named BL-191, was administered iv in 8 healthy volunteers alone and in association with glucose (0.33 g/kg body weight iv) or glybenclamide (1 mg iv). BL-191 was infused iv at a constant rate in a dose of 200 mg during 45 minutes. Blood glucose, free fatty acids and immunoreactive insulin were measured during one hour. It was impossible to demonstrate neither a direct effect nor an enhancement of insulin secretion during drug administration; in another experiment (treatment F) a higher dosage of BL-191 (100 mg as a priming dose + 200 mg as infusion dose) was likely ineffective. It appears that some difference in insulin response may be present in the single subject (not evident in the mean), indicating a difference in the beta-cell cAMP-system sensitivity in individuals. These negative results allow some considerations on the importance of the beta-cell cAMP-system in healthy human beings. PMID- 823034 TI - The lethal hit stage of mouse T and non-T cell-mediated cytolysis: differences in cation requirements and characterization of an analytical "cation pulse" method. AB - We investigated in detail the cation requirements of two different systems of mouse cell-mediated cytolysis in vitro, at their recognition, post-recognition hit and target cell disintegration stages. In T cell-mediated cytolysis, respectively Mg++ or Ca++, Ca++, and no cations, were required. In non-T cell mediated hemolysis, respectively no cations, Mg++, and no cations, were required. Two main conclusions can be drawn. First, the cation requirements are different from one system to the other especially at the post-recognition hit stage, which strongly suggests the existence of differences between both systems as to the actual mechanism of lysis. Second, the cation requirements are different within each system from one step to another. This formed the basis of a step-by-step analysis of the lytic process, leading to the characterization of a cation pulse method for the experimental isolation and further study of the post-recognition hit stage of cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 823035 TI - Interaction of human lymphocytes with fluid phase human C3b detected by immunofluorescence. AB - Human lymphocytes obtained from tonsils and peripheral blood were found to bind human fluid phase C3b, obtained by trypsin treatment. This binding was detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using specific anti-C3 antisera. Lymphocytes isolated from thymus tissue scored low percentages in IIF, indicating that the main population of thymus-derived lymphocytes are T cells. The distribution pattern of C3b-binding cells was compared with that of cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (EAC) and with sheep erythrocytes (E) only, as well as with that of Ig-bearing lymphocytes, as detected by direct immunofluorescence. It appeared that the distribution pattern of lymphocytes which can bind fluid phase C3b is similar to that of EAC rosette forming and of Ig-bearing lymphocytes. Pre-incubation of the lymphocytes with C3b and pretreatment of the cells with trypsin decreased the capacity to form rosettes and to bind C3b to their surface. Human monocytes granulocytes and erythrocytes did not bind fluid phase C3b, as judged by IIF. Therefore, the selective binding of fluid phase C3b to lymphocytes provides a specific method for the detection of complement-reactive lymphocytes in lymphoid cell preparations. PMID- 823036 TI - On the reinitiation of cell growth in culture. PMID- 823037 TI - Effect of reduced temperature on cellular processing and secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) by mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 823038 TI - Catecholamine responses to experimental spinal cord impact injury. I. Intrinsic spinal cord synthesis rates. PMID- 823039 TI - Investigations into the effect of castration on the blood glucose profile of male and female rats treated with glibenclamide (HB 319). AB - In SPF-bred male and female Sprague-Dawley rats the effect of castration on the hypoglycaemic action of a single dose of glibenclamide (HB 419) was investigated. The results of castration showed no unambiguous influence on the normal blood glucose values. The effect of this sulphonyl urea, however, was considerably stimulated by castration and was prolonged in male animals. Obviously the absence of testosterone has an inhibitory effect on the activity of liver ribosomes thus causing a delay in the metabolism. Furthermore the metabolic rate depends on the testosterone value in the organism as evidenced by the differences between male and female animals. The results were ascertained statistically. PMID- 823041 TI - Early changes in the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram and myocardial histology following coronary artery ligation in monkeys. AB - The ramus interventricularis anterior was ligated at different levels (upper, middle, low third) in 12 anesthetized monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Morphological changes and their localization were compared with the electrocardiogram (ECG) in 12 leads and vectorcardiogram (VCG) according to Akulinichev's 5-plane system). The observations were performed for 6-7 hours after ligation. It has been established that upper third ligation of the ramnus interventricularis anterior caused ECG changes chiefly limited to the chest leads. Normalization of the ECG and VCG may occur within 4-6 hours after middle third ligation. In this case, monkeys develop morphological changes in form of insignificant dystrophic changes in the myocardium. This localization of ligature does not seem to disturb collateral blood circulation ensuring myocardial blood supply. Low third ligation was never followed by any normalization. Pathological wave Q on the ECG and its equivalent on the VCG may be observed in case of myocardial damage without large necrotic foci. In such cases, wave Q may decrease after blood supply improvement in the damaged focus. PMID- 823040 TI - [On the problem of irreversible brain damage due to neuroleptic long-term therapy. Experimental studies on rats (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: Reports in clinical literature about persistent terminal extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in neuroleptic long-term treated patients and speculation about demential brain decomposition in such cases give rise to support irreversible psychopharmacotoxical brain damage. Histopathological and animal experimental results in this question given up to this day are not in agreement with each other. Therefore an own chlorpromazine long-term experiment in rats is reported with special regard to biometric-statistical results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in 36 adult albino rats of either sex, weighing 300 400 g, fed by a standard diet, receiving food and water ad libitum. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 12 animals accidentally. Group I received 15 mg/kg/die chlorpromazine per os by means of a throat probe, group II 10 mg/kg/die, group III was left untreated (controls). The experiment was carried out for 6 months, the animals were killed by perfusion of Bouin's solution 6-8 weeks after interruption of chlorpromazine application. 8 mum paraffin sections were stained by kresylviolet. After histological examination the material was investigated statistically. In the ncl. N. XII, ncl. N. VII, ncl, orig et term. N.V., ncl. cochlearis ant., ncl. vestibularis princeps, Oliva sup., and ncl. dentatus the glia/neurons ratio was stated by counting 200 cells, and in the formation reticularis 400 cells in each animal. The calculated differences in the glia/neurons ratio between the groups were evaluated for statistical significance by the chi2-test. In the ncl. dentatus, oliva sup., ncl, cochlearis ventr., and ncl, vestibularis glia cells and neurons were counted in a plane of 1.2 mm2, in the formatio reticularis and in homologuous parts of cerebellar stratum moleculare in a plane of 2.4 mm2. The differences between the mean values of the groups were verified for statistical significance by means of the t-test. RESULTS: In histological examination only 50% of the animals of group I showed a slight loss of neurons and increase of glia cells. Statistically however, significant increase of glia cells was found in the glia/neurons ratio all over the investigated area (rhombencephalic brain stem and cerebellum) and for the ncl. dentatus, the oliva sup., and the ncl. cochlearis ventr. especially (table 1, fig.3). This change in the glia/neurons ratio is caused by a tendency for decreasing of neurons and increasing of glia cells, too (table 2). In the nucleus dentatus the loss of neurons was found to be of high significance. These changes are supposed to be due to chlorpromazine action, and in this manner the experimental results speak for an irreversible psychopharmacotoxical brain damage. PMID- 823043 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic studies on the competition of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in the liver cell of CBA-mice. AB - In CBA-mice the competition of DENA and DMBA was studied by quantitative autoradiography. During the precancerous phase in DENA-pretreated animals the rate of DMBA-incorporation into DNA/RNA and nuclear proteins was lower as compared to the controls without DENA-pretreatment. Independent of DENA pretreatment the rate of DMBA-incorporation into the cytoplasm was significantly enhanced in hepatectomized animals. In this experiment the skin as a target organ did not show any quantitatively measurable DMBA-incorporation despite of prolonged autoradiographic exposition time. PMID- 823042 TI - The establishment of continuous lymphoblastoid suspension cell cultures from hematopoietic organs of baboon (Papio hamadryas) with malignant lymphoma. AB - Two continuous suspension lymphoblastoid cell cultures designated as SPG-1 and KMPG-1 have been established from the bone marrow and spleen cells of the hamadryas baboon no. 9386 with malignant lymphoma. Virus particles morphologically characterized as herpes-like have been revealed in KMPH-1 and SPG 1 cultures in 2-10% of cells. The paper describes the establishment of these suspension cultures. PMID- 823044 TI - The size distribution of Tetrahymena in relation to its position in the cell cycle. AB - Tetrahymena size distribution during the cell cycle was analyzed by means of radioautography with the aid of a sonic-digitizer, and a computer. The study demonstrates that as the organism ages and passes through the various cell cycle phases the volume distribution of the organisms in each phase remains lognormal. PMID- 823046 TI - Alteration of the acidic ribosomal proteins from dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 823045 TI - Pre- and post-partum plasma amine oxidase differences in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Plasma amine oxidase activity increased from 23.4 nmol/ml/h during pregnancy to 49.5 nmol/ml/h during an extended post partum period in 10 rhesus monkeys. Comparison with non-pregnant control monkeys sampled at similar times indicated that the significant differences were in the extended post partum period. PMID- 823047 TI - Allophycocyanin I-a second cyanobacterial allophycocyanin? Isolation, characterization and comparison with allophycocyanin II from the same alga. PMID- 823048 TI - RNA-protein interactions in the ribosome. Binding of proteins L1, L3, L6, L13 and L23 to specific fragments of the 23S RNA. PMID- 823049 TI - Internal organization of the circadian timing system in multicellular animals. AB - Three models of the organization of the circadian timing system in multicellular animals are presented. Each can account for the observed internal synchronization of the various circadian rhythms within the organism and each is also compatible with the known responses of circadian systems to manipulations of environmental time cues. One is a single oscillatory system (Model I) while the other two are multioscillator systems arranged in a hierarchical (Model II) or nonhierarchical (Model III) manner. Experiments that test the predictions of the different models are reviewed. These indicate that the circadian timing system in mammals is organized as a multioscillator system with oscillating concentrations of chemical mediators (nervous or endocrine) internally synchronizing the various potentially independent oscillators by an entrainment mechanism. However, as yet there is insufficient evidence to indicate whether the oscillators are arranged with a predominantly hierarchical (Model II) or nonhierarchical (Model III) organization. PMID- 823051 TI - Hexachlorobenzene poisoning in Turkey. PMID- 823050 TI - Vascular smooth muscle and prostaglandins. AB - Experiments related to mechanisms by which prostaglandin (PG) compounds induce contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, both arterial and venous, are described. These studies, utilizing isolated rat aortic strips and portal veins, compare the reactivities of these blood vessels to different prostaglandin compounds (i.e., PGE1, F2alpha, B1 and A1) under different environmental conditions (e.g., presence or absence of Ca2+, Mg2+, oxygen, substrate, and PG synthetase inhibitors with and without a variety of smooth muscle agonists) in order to gain some insight into some mechanisms of PG action on blood vessels. PG induced responses on rat aortic and portal venous smooth muscle appear to be very dependent on [Mg2+]0, oxygen, and availability of glucose. The exact actions (i.e., contraction or relaxation) of different prostaglandin compounds on arterial and venous smooth muscles may be dependent on different [Mg2+]0, oxygen and substrate requirements. Low concentrations of a variety of PG synthetase inhibitors (e.g., aspirin, indomethacin and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid) potentiate epinephrine, angiotensin, and potassium-induced contractions in aortic muscle but do the reverse to these agonists in portal venous muscle. These PG synthetase inhibitor-induced potentiations and attenuations of agonist-induced responses can be reversed by adding specific PGs in subthreshold contractile doses to the two types of vascular muscles. PMID- 823052 TI - Antenatal sex determination in Macaca arctoides. AB - Transabdominal amniocentesis was performed on 11 Macaca arctoides, between the 10th and 20th weeks of gestation, for the purpose of antenatal sex determination. The technique employing Y-chromatin fluorescence was unsuccessful in predicting sex, but the sexes were differentiated with complete accuracy by examining amniotic cells stained by a modified Papanicolaou technique. Of the cells from male fetuses, fewer than 10% contained X-chromatin (Barr bodies); of those from females, more than 45% contained X-chromatin. PMID- 823053 TI - [Studies on the TRH test on the patients with Graves' disease during the treatment with antithyroid drug (author's transl)]. AB - A study was performed to observe serum TSH response following TRH injection (TRH test) in 79 cases of Graves' disease (male 23, female 56, aged 16-70 years old), before and during treatment by antithyroid drug, in a total of 244 occasions. Treatment was mostly the daily administration of methyl-mercaptoimidazole (MMI), and in one case of propylthiouracil (PTU). TRH test was conducted by i.v. administration of 500 mug synthetic TRH, and subsequent 6 blood drawing until 2 hours. Serum TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay in each serum, and serum T4, T3, RT3U and cholestrol were measured in the serum before TRH injection. In some cases, the results of TRH test were compared with those of T3 131I thyroidal uptake suppression test, using the 131I uptake values at 20 min. and 24 hours. Results were obtained as follows: 1) Some cases showed positive TRH test at the early stage of treatment when the patients were in eumetabolic states, while many patients showed no TSH response in spite of their long maintenance at eumetabolic states. 2) When both serum T4 and T3 were high, all cases showed no response of TSH. When serum T4 alone was high, all cases except one case showed no response;whereas when serum T3 alone was high, 5 cases showed normal response. When both serum T4 and T3 were below normal, 2 cases showed no response. When serum T4 was low, all cases showed response; whereas when serum T3 alone was low, 6 cases showed no response. Thus, there was no positive correlation between TSH reactivity and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. 3) No correlation was observed between TSH reactivity and the period after the onset of hyperthyroidism. 4) In 57 cases of Graves' disease, who were under treatment and in eumetabolic states, a comparison was made between TSH reactivity and the results of T3 suppression test. In T3 suppressed group, 19 showed response, and 3 showed no response; whereas in T3 non-suppressed group, 18 showed response and 17 showed no response. In the group of T3 non-suppression as well as in the group of T3 non-suppression plus TRH no response, there was a significant elevation of serum T3 compared with the control group. 5) TRH test does not appear to be an appropriate test as a predictive method to know the permanent remission of Graves' disease. PMID- 823054 TI - [Changes in responsivity to TRH test and T3-suppression test after surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - TRH test and T3 suppression test were performed on patients with Graves' disease who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy after treatment with antithyroid drugs for 2.5 approximately 5 months. On 43 or the patients, TRH test was performed before, 1 week after and 1 approximately 2 months after surgery and T3 suppression test was also performed in 1 approximately 2 months post-operative period. For other 3 groups of the patients TRH test was performed at 2 approximatley 6 months, 6 approximately 12 months, 12 approximately 24 months and 24 approximately 41 months after surgery, and T3 suppression test was also performed just after each TRH test. As to TRH test, the response was defined as positive when basal TSH value was less than 2.0 muU/ml and peak value was more than 6.2 muU/ml or the difference between basal TSH and peak TSH value was over 5 muU/ml following TRH (500 mug) injection. T3 suppression test was perfomed by measuring the 24-hr thyroidal uptake of radioiodine after daily administration of 75 mug of T3 for 8 days. The response was defined as positive when the value for 24-hr uptake after T3 administration was less than half of the control value. The results were as follows; (1) In 11 of 43 patients, response to TRH test already changed to positive 1 week after operation and in 21 of 43 patients TRH test changes to positive 1 approximately 2 months after operation. (2) In general, response to TRH test changed to positive earlier than response to T3 suppression test. (3) T3 suppression test in 1 approximately 2 months after operation was useful to evaluate prognosis. (4) A half of the positive respondents to TRH test showed exaggerated response. (5) Basal TSH value of positive respondents to TRH test was 9.27 +/- 1.81 muU/ml (mean +/- SE) which exceeded the normal range. (6) Some patients showed negative response to conventional T3 suppression test despite of their high basal TSH value. This might be due to the insufficient dose of T3 to suppress TSH. (7) Concerning patients whose serum T3-RU, T4, T3 and TSH were within normal limit after subtotal thyroidectomy, 80% of them showed correspondance in the results of TRH test and T3 suppression test. PMID- 823055 TI - [Gonadotropin of chorioepithelioma -- its heterogeneity -- (author's transl)]. AB - Crude gonadotropins extracted from the urine of patients with chorioepithelioma (choriocarcinoma) by Bradbury method was purified by a combination of Sephadex gel filtration, CM-C and DEAE-C chromatography. Two biologically active fractions (fraction t-hCG-A and fraction t-hCG-C) were obtained. The former cross-reacted with anti-hCG sera and the latter cross-reacted with anti-hCFSH sera in experiments with Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. But the hCG or hCFSH from normal pregnancy and t-hCG-C from choriocarcinoma were different in their potency of being adsorbed on ion-exchange cellulose respectively. T-hCG-C was poorer in aspartic acid and glycine, and richer in serine, threonine and tyrosin to which carbohydrates bind than hCFSH from normal pregnancy. These two fractions contained high concentrations of carbohydrates, especially hexose and sialic acid, less concentration of hexosamine, compared to those of hCG and hCFSH obtained from urine of normal pregnant women. Sera of normal pregnant women in the first and third trimester and those of patients with chorionic neoplasias were gel filtrated on a Sephadex G-100 upward flow column in the same conditions. Biological activity of hCG in sera of normal pregnant women was recognized in 2-3 peaks on the gel filtration, and the molecular weights of those were considered to be about 25,000-40,000. In case of sera of chorionic neoplasias, however, it was admitted as multi-peaks (the molecular weights: about 10,000-70,000). It might be one of the features of chorionic neoplasias that the biological activity was found even in fractions of molecular weight 10,000 on the gel filtration, and to pay attention to this phenomenon might be a useful sign for the diagnosis or the management of patients with chorionic neoplasias. As a conclusion, all the above findings suggest that the molecular structure of t-hCG A and t-hCG-C from choriocarcinoma differes from that of hCG and hCFSH from normal pregnancy respectively. PMID- 823056 TI - [TRH and T3 suppression tests after 131I therapy of thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)]. AB - TRH and T3 suppression tests were performed on patients (124 cases) with Graves' disease who underwent radiation therapy. TRH test was performed at 4-6 months (Group I), 6-12 months (Group II), 12-24 months (Group III) and 24-50 months (Group IV) after final radiation therapy, and T3 suppression test was performed just after each TRH test. The response to TRH test was defined as positive when the basal TSH value was less than 2.0 muU/ml and the peak value was more than 6.2 muU/ml following TRH (500 mug) injection. T3 suppression test was performed by measuring the 24-hr thyroidal uptake of radioiodine after daily administration of 75 mug of T3 for 8 days. The response was defined as positive when the value for 24-hr uptake after T3 administration was less than half of the control value. The results were as follows; 1) Among 124 patients in Group I to IV who were clinically euthyroid and whose T3-RU and T4 values were normal, compared with other groups, Group IV (2-4.2Y) showed a significantly higher percentage of positive responses to both TRH and T3 suppression tests. However, among 49 of 124 patients whose T3 was also normal, there were no significant differences between the groups. 2) The value of triiodothyronine was above the normal range in many cases up to 2 years after radiation therapy (in Group I, II, III). 3) There were no significant differences in the percentage of hyperresponses between any of the four groups. Half of the patients who showed positive responses to TRH test showed exaggerated responses. 4) In all cases when the responses to TRH and T3 suppression tests changed from negative to positive, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations must be within the normal range. In particular, the major determinant seems to be the value of triiodothyronine. 5) As in more than 30% of cases TRH and T3 supression tests changed from negative to positive, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations must be within the normal range. In particular, the major determinant seems to be the value of triiodothyronine. 5) As in more than 30% of cases TRH and T3 suppression tests remained negative even though their T3-RU, T4, T3, values became normal after radiation therapy, the regulation of hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid axis do not always return to normal even though circulating thyroidal hormone level return to an euthyroid state. PMID- 823057 TI - [Passive hemagglutination for the determination of humoral antibodies in fungus infections. I. Stabilization of erythrocytes]. PMID- 823058 TI - Dermic peripheral microangiopathy in plasmo-proliferative disorders. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from 12 patients with plasmo-proliferative disease (myeloma and macrogobulinemia) were histopathologically and histochemically examined. In all the cases studied (by a biopsy obtained from the hand) there were alterations in the dermal microvasculature characterized by thickening of the PAS-stained basal membrane, endothelial swelling and proliferation with partial obliteration of the vascular lumen. The lesions were morphologically similar to those found in diabetic and paralymphomatous microangiopathy but in the present investigations greater endothelial proliferation has been observed. We did not find any lesions in the healthy control group. Different immunological, metabolic and hyperviscosity mechanisms are discussed. It is interesting to report that the results for blood coagulation and carbohydrate metabolism were normal; hyperviscosity was found in the serum of the patients examined, and in 3 cases cryoglobulinemia was also found. It will be interesting to carry out further investigations on the different pathogenic and biological aspects of the skin microvascular lesions in plasmo-proliferative diseases in order to increase our knowledge of the microcirculation in immunologic malignant disorders. PMID- 823059 TI - Visual observing by rhesus monkeys: some relationships with social dominance rank. PMID- 823060 TI - Increase in nuclear poly(A)-containing RNA at syncytial blastoderm in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. PMID- 823061 TI - Aldehyde oxidase activity in the tumorous-head strain of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 823062 TI - Effect of postnatal dietary protein and energy restriction on exploratory behavior in young pigs. AB - Three-week-old pigs were subjected to dietary energy or protein restriction so as to prevent weight gain over a period of 8 weeks. During the last week of restriction their responses to a novel object introduced into an exploratory test situation were measured. The malnourished pigs exhibited indifference to the object, taking longer to make contact with it, spending less time playing with it, but not showing evidence of fear or avoidance of the object or the area in which it was located. Following 6 weeks of nutritional rehabilitation, the previously malnourished pigs again displayed less approach behavior to the novel object than controls, but the effect was substantially reduced. These observations are interpreted to support our hypothesis that a major mechanism through which early malnutrition produces long-term effects on behavior is by disturbing those behaviors required for gathering information from the environment. PMID- 823063 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus. AB - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to function normally in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Alterations in this system, however, have been observed in several of the microvascular and electrolyte complications associated with this disease. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone are decreased in diabetic with nephropathy and hypertension, in those with neuropathy including orthostatic hypotension, and in those with hypoaldosteronism. PRA is low in rats with uncontrolled, nonketotic diabetes, and pressor responsiveness to angiotension II is increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Potential mechanisms responsible for the decreased PRA include plasma volume expansion, hyalin destruction of the juxtaglomerular cells, defective synthesis of renin, and inadequate catecholamine stimulation of renin, and inadequant cathecholamine stimulation of renin release. In diabetic ketoacidosis, PRA and aldosterone are stimulated secondary to the associated dehydration with hypovolemia. This report reviews the current status of the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus and proposes a possible role for the altered function of this system in the pathophysiology of several diabetic complications. PMID- 823065 TI - Studies of diabetic nephropathy in animals and man. AB - Animal models of diabetes mellitus allow for the manipulation of the metabolic state and the performance of experiments that may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Rats with long-standing chemically induced diabetes develop glomerular mesangial thickening and immunoglobulin and complement deposition. These glomerular changes are reversible on the transplantation of a kidney from a diabetic rat into a normal host and on cure of the diabetic state by pancreatic islet transplantation. Conversely, diabetic renal changes develop in normal kidneys transplanted into diabetic rats (within tow to four months) and humans (within two years). These studies suggest that nephropathy results from the diabetic state. The mesangium is thickened in diabetic rats, mice, and humans. In rats, mesangial function is the processing of macromolecules localized therein is disturbed in areas of mesangial pathology. The finding that glomerulopathy is accelerated in uninephrectomized diabetic rats and is retarded in rat kidneys "protected" by narrowing of the renal artery suggests that alterations in glomerular blood flow are related to the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerular damage. Marked hyperglycemia in animals and man leads to "glycogen nephrosis," which affects the distal tubule at the level of the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). This could lead to disturbance of JGA blood pressure regulation. Disturned mesangial function may result from failure of macula densa cells to process macromolecules that have reached that site from the mesangium. PMID- 823064 TI - Altered platelet function in diabetes mellitus. AB - An increased sensitivity of platelets to aggregation from ADP and epinephrine is described in diabetics with or without vascular disease. This sensitivity correlates with elevated levels on von Willebrand factor (vWF), which, in turn appears to be influenced by growth hormone. VWF activity correlates with previously described "plasma factor" activity. Platelets from diabetic subjects are more sensitive than platelets from normal subjects to arachidonic acid induced aggregation. This sensitivity is abolished by aspirin, which is a prostaglandin synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitor. Platelets from diabetc subjects synthesize increased amounts of PGE2-like material (iPGE) in response to ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. The latter finding suggests that a fundamental mechanism for increased platelet aggregation in diabetes is increased prostaglandin synthetase activity. Therapeutic endeavors that would lower growth hormone levels, vWF activity, and/or prostaglandin synthetase activity may be of benefit in the prophylaxis of diabetic vascular disease. Prospective studies are needed to explore these hypothesis, as are more studies on the precise mechanisms and platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 823066 TI - Hemoglobin AIc levels in insulin-dependent and -independent diabetes mellitus. AB - Unusual increases in the minor hemoglobin components (Hb AIa, b, c) known to be elevated in diabetes mellitus were found in states of relative or absolute insulinopenia: diabetic ketoacidosis, steroid-induced diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes in cystic-fibrosis patients, and cystic fibrosis occurring in infants who have a marked suppression of insulin secretion. In ketoacidotic diabetics, it required at least a month for high Hb AI levels (16.9 +/- 2.6 per cent) to stabilize at nonacidotic levels (12.8 +/- 0.3 per cent), suggesting that decreases occur only as new red cells form under conditions less favorable to Hb AI synthesis. Abnormal amounts os Hb A and Hb AI resisted removal from diabetic red-cell membranes by low ionic buffers but yielded to hypotonic Tris buffer. Their removal resulted in simultaneous elution of peripheral and integral membrane proteins. It is suggested that Hb so firmly bound could reduce membrane elasticity and cell deformability, characteristics so vital to normal red cell movement through the microvasculature. PMID- 823067 TI - Improving attendance at follow-up clinics. PMID- 823068 TI - Comparative pharmacology of uricosuric drugs. PMID- 823069 TI - The role of histamine in the brain. PMID- 823070 TI - Polycholorinated biphenyls and intestinal absorption of D-glucose in mice. PMID- 823071 TI - Meiosis in male Drosophila melanogaster. II. Nonrandom segregation of compound second chromosomes. AB - The segregation of compound-second chromosomes in males from two different stocks has been examined. Segregation is random in males from the C(2L)RM4, dp; C(2R)RM4, px stock. Gametes containing only one of the two compound chromosomes comprise 50% of the gametes, and gametes containing either both elements or neither element make up the other 50% of the gametes. In males from the C(2L)RM, b; C(2R)RM, cn stock, gametes containing either C(2L)RM, b or C(2R)RM, cn make up the majority of the gametes. Gametes containing both chromosomes or neither chromosome account for only 2-3% of the gametes. The nonrandom segregation is due to the C(2R)RM, cn chromosome. Viability is reduced in flies carrying the C(2R)RM, cn chromosome. This includes larval lethality, delayed development and premature adult lethality. Cytologically, this chromosome contains a large duplication of 2L material, which includes material proximal to region 38 or 39. It is suggested that the viability and segregational properties associated with this chromosome are due to the duplicated 2L material. PMID- 823072 TI - Genetic analysis of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes from hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans and mutagen-induced isozyme variants. AB - The aspartate aminotransferases (designated GOT1 and GOT2) are two enzymes of Drosophila melanogaster for which naturally occurring electrophoretic variants were not found. There is an electrophoretic difference between D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Since the F1 hybrid offspring of these species are sterile, a genetic analysis of the ordinary type cannot be done on differences between the two species. A method was devised to make "partial hybrids" in which one chromosome arm is homozygous for melanogaster genes in an otherwise hybrid background. By using this method, Got1 was localized to 2R and Got2 to 2L. Once a gene can be assigned to a chromosome, it may be followed in crossing schemes and mutations from mutagen treatments may be looked for. At the locus of Got1 a mutation with low activity was recovered and designated Got1lo. It was located at a genetic map position of 75 on 2R. A Got2 mutant with a greater migration to the anode was recovered and designated Got2J. It was located at a genetic map position of 3.0, and in the salivary chromosome was between 22B1 and 22B4 inclusive. PMID- 823073 TI - Genetic analysis of the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster: deficiency mapping of EMS-induced lethal complementation groups. AB - Until recently, little was known of the genetic constitution of the heterochromatic segments of the major autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Our previous report described the genetic dissection of the proximal, heterochromatic region of chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster by means of a series of overlapping deficiencies generated by the detachment of compound second autosomes (HILLIKER and HOLM 1975). Analysis of these deficiencies by inter se complementation, pseudo-dominance tests with proximal mutations and allelism tests with known deficiencies provided evidence for the existence of at least two loci between the centromere and the light locus in 2L and one locus in 2R between the rolled locus and the centromere. These data in conjunction with cytological observations demonstrated that light and rolled and three loci lying between them are located within the proximal heterochromatin of the second chromosome. The present report describes the further analysis of this region through the induction with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) of recessive lethals allelic to the 2L and 2R proximal deficiencies associated with the detachment products. Analysis of the 118 EMS-induced recessive lethals and visible mutations recovered provided evidence for seven loci in the 2L heterochromatin and six loci in the 2R heterochromatin, with multiple alleles being obtained for most sites. Of these loci, one in 2L and two in 2R fall near the heterochromatic-euchromatic junctions of 2L and 2R respectively. None of the 113 EMS lethals behaved as a deficiency, implying that the heterochromatic loci uncovered in this study represent nonrepetitive cistrons. Thus functional genetic loci are found in heterochromatin, albeit at a very low density relative to euchromatin. PMID- 823074 TI - Dynamics of correlated genetic systems. I. Selection in the region of the Glued locus of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The dynamical behavior of chromosomal segments undergoing strong selection was investigated in four replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This was accomplished by following the joint behavior of allozyme markers at the loci phosphoglucomutase and esterase C, adjacent to the recessive lethal locus Glued, during and following the course of selection against Glued. The results show strong selection at other loci in the region of the marked segment. Examination of the joint dynamic of the two markers indicates that there must be more than one, and probably several, selected loci in the region under observation, with large epistatic effects. The mode of selection on the segment often results in excess heterozygosity at the markers, but does not appear to be constant in time. It is concluded that the density of selective effects in the region under study is substantial. PMID- 823075 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the operating effectiveness of purification installations for the sewage from tuberculosis institutions]. PMID- 823076 TI - [Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic diatheses in monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 823077 TI - [Chromosome findings in monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 823078 TI - The pathologic anatomy of alpha chain disease. AB - alpha CD is an immunoproliferative disorder which is most frequently, but not always, associated with the disease entity referred to as Mediterranean lymphoma with malabsorption. In most cases, the evolution of the disease and its morbid anatomy suggests an immune deficiency state in which an abnormal clone of intestinal plasma cells incapable of producing the complete IgA molecule proliferates, perhaps in response to microbial antigenic stimulation. In the majority of cases, this proliferation is composed of mature appearing plasma cells which lack morphologic features of malignancy. Although possibly reversible, this proliferation appears to be highly susceptible to the evolution of secondary neoplastic clones, which appear in most instances after a clinical course of unpredictable duration and manifest themselves in the form of single or multiple immunoblastic sarcomas. PMID- 823079 TI - [Therapy of Waldenstrom's disease and of heavy chain disease]. PMID- 823080 TI - [Relationship between monoclonal gammopathies and amyloidoses]. PMID- 823081 TI - Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activity in baboon brain. AB - (1) The activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) (EC 2.3.1.6) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (EC 3.1.1.7) were determined in about one hundred regions and subregions of baboon brain. The activities and distributions of these enzymes were in comparable to those found previously in the brains of other species. (2) ChAc activity was highest in the interpeduncular nucleus, where it was about twice that in the putamen, the region previously thought to be the richest in this enzyme. The caudate nucleus, the substantia perforata, the nucleus basalis, the central part of the amygdala and the oculomotor nucleus also had high activities. The activities in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex were less than one twentieth of that in the interpeduncular nucleus. (3) The distribution of AChE activity was not entirely in parallel with that of ChAc. PMID- 823082 TI - An autopsy case of food poisoning associated with Bacillus cereus. AB - An autopsy case of food poisoning probably caused by Bacillus cereus is presented. The patient was an 11-year-old boy who died about 15 hours after eating Chinese noodles. The main pathological features were acute nonspecific gastroenteritis and fatty degeneration of the heart and liver. Bacillus cereus was isolated and identified from the peritoneal exudate and intestinal contents. The cause of death is considered to be heart failure resulting from myocardial fatty degeneration. PMID- 823083 TI - [Butalamine hydrochloride. A new vasoactive substance]. AB - With its new mode of action Adrevil has a stimulating effect on the blood flow, without affecting the cardiovascular system. Oxygen supply in the diseased vascular areas is improved. The antiphlogistic and analgetic properties of the drug as well as its local anaesthetic effect favourably influence painful, inflammatory and proliferative processes in the ischemic areas. In view of its effectiveness at low doses and its very low toxicity Adrevil is considered a most effective therapeutic agent to be used in a large range of indications. No teratogenic effect of the substance was observed in animal experiments. PMID- 823085 TI - [Posttraumatic epilepsy. Clinical aspects and electrophysiological foundations]. AB - The review of the syndrome is centered on time course, prognosis and prophylaxis. Prophylactic anticonvulsive treatment depends on the prognosis. The latter is dependent on the risk to develop epilepsy after a certain type of head injury. Treatment should begin in the high risk group of patients before seizures become overt. In order to avoid preventive treatment in unselected posttraumatic cases, predicting the risk in each case is most important. Therefore the literature was reviewed selecting injuries and complications of high risk. Knowledge on pathophysiologic mechanisms in the epileptogenic focus to a large extent stems from animal experiments using a model of chronic recurrent seizures. Basic electrophysiologic mechanisms responsible for focal electroencephalographic changes were studied by recording from single cells. Profound abnormalities in patterns of neuronal discharge were found as well as morphological and functional changes of glia in the epileptogenic scar. It appears that glia is important in generating focal electroencephalographic spiking. By controlling intercellular potassium transport glia modulates neuronal activity. PMID- 823084 TI - [Therapy of arterial-circulation disorders in the legs. Muscle-ergometric studies under the effects of butalamine hydrochloride in a double-blind trial]. AB - The extent to which a 10-day-treatment with Butalamine hydrochloride (3 X 2 tablets daily) may increase the muscular capacity in patients suffering from blood flow disorders of the lower limb was studied in a cross-over double-blind trial. According to Fontaine comparative tests were performed with placebo and the substance in 19 patients suffering from stage II occlusion (either unilateral or bilateral). The muscular capacity in legs with blood flow disorders was found to be significantly improved by the drug compared to the placebo. Except in the case of exercise effect, the muscular capacity of the "intact" extremity however was not found to be significantly improved by the drug. Further specific studies with show whether the walking distance is improved by an increase in muscular capacity. PMID- 823086 TI - [Therapy of acute pancreatitis]. AB - The unpredictable course of acute pancreatitis needs a careful surveyance of the patient in the first days of the acute attack in order to apply therapeutic measures adequate to the severity of the symptoms. The avoidance of food or drink and gastric suction appears to be sufficient to prevent endogenous stimulation of the gland while there is probably no benefit of anticholinergic drugs or carboanhydrase inhibitors. Early adequate substitution of fluids using watery solutions, plasmaexpanders or blood is of decisive importance. For treatment of pains spasmoanalgetics, synthetic opium derivatives or infusion of procain are recommended. Tetracyclines should be given to prevent secondary infections. Trasylol is indicated only, if the benefit of the drug just now proven in one therapeutical trial will be confirmed in another study. The effectiveness of glucagon or calcitonin has not yet been proven. The medical treatment "by all means" is being replaced by elective surgical measures. After recovery etiological factors have to be determined by a number of routine investigations in order to prevent recurrency of the disease. PMID- 823087 TI - [Clinical treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases]. AB - Effectiveness and tolerance of Defluina was studied in a selective open trial including 30 patients (17 males, 13 females, mean age 70 years) suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive diseases of different stages. All patients were treated with Defluina, 20 drops thrice a day during a mean period of 30 days. Simultaneous application of further peripheral vasodilators was excluded. Subjective and objective parameters (pulse, Ratschow's test, walking distance) of 27 patients (15 males, 12 females) were evaluated. After 4 weeks of therapy an improvement of all parameters especially of the walking distance was observed. Within 4 weeks 3 of 5 ulcera cruris as well as an initially existing gangrene were closed. Deflunia was well tolerated by 25 patients, very well tolerated by 2. The therapy was discontinued in 3 patients: 2 because of unchanged complaints after 13 and 20 days of therapy, 1 after 17 days due to dull gastric pain following intake of the drug. Cardiac side-effects or steal phenomena were not observed. PMID- 823088 TI - [Experimental study on changes in serum amino acid levels following choledochus ligature and subsequent biliary reconstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Changes in serum amino acid levels and time course of hepatic function derangements were studied in mongrel dogs with choledochus ligature and subsequent biliarly reconstruction through cholecysto-duodenostomy. In the second week after choledochus ligature, serum ammonium level increased along with intensification of jaundice. After four weeks, GPT activity was higher than GOT and plasma albumin level markedly decreased with similar reduction in serum amino acid levels. Biliary reconstruction, when performed during three or four weeks after the ligature, restored the hepatic function as well as serum amino acid levels toward normal. When it was performed in the fifth or sixth week after the ligation, the liver function did not restore and serum levels of total amino acids, essential and non-essential amino acids increased even 4 weeks lapse after reconstruction. Among the changes observed, His., Val., Ser., Arg., Leu., Ileu, Phe, and Lys. were increased, whereas Pro. and Cys. disappeared from the serum. These results suggest that recovery from metabolic changes of amino acids due to choledochus ligature depends upon the duration of obstructive jaundice, i.e., it appears necessary to perform the biliary reconstruction within four weeks after the initiation of obstruction. PMID- 823089 TI - Proceedings: Determination of the number of antibody structural genes by DNA-RNA hybridization. PMID- 823090 TI - [Relationship between nitrogen balance and amino acids, free fatty acids, glucose and insulin in human blood under various metabolic conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Nutrition experiments with various levels of calorie and protein intake were carried out on five healthy young men. Three series of experiments with two persons each were undertaken for periods up to 14 days. The first part of each experiment, with 1100 to 1500 kcal/day, was immediately followed by the second part, with 3500 to 2300 kcal/day. The concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids, glucose and amino acids were determined in the morning, fasted blood. The nitrogen balance was also determined. When insufficient carbohydrate intake is coupled with normal and high protein content of the food, there is interindividually an initial drop in the insulin concentration. Regardless of the absolute insulin concentration, this drop causes an increase in the free fatty acids and the branched-chain amino acids, together with a decrease in the concentrations of alanine and glycine (threonine) in the blood and a negative nitrogen balance. The high concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and the low threonine concentrations might be involved as feedback regulators in the further regulation of the gluconeogenic metabolism. When carbohydrate calories are added to the diet, a simultaneous decrease in the free fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids and increase in the blood concentrations of insulin, alanine, glycine and threonine within 24 to 48 h are only observed with 3500 kcal/day and 0.8 to 1.4 g protein per kg body weight. A positive nitrogen balance, however, is only observed with 1.4 g protein per kg body weight, regardless of the relative changes in the insulin level, while the increase in alanine and decrease in branched-chain amino acids (valine) are greatest at 0.8 g protein per kg body weight and day. In spite of the high glucose level, the falling insulin level provokes counter-regulatory processes in which the low concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and the high threonine (alanine) concentrations may play a role. PMID- 823091 TI - Hospital home health care program aids isolated, homebound elderly. PMID- 823093 TI - Nursing homes--a neglected apostolate. PMID- 823092 TI - Psychosocial approach for long-term care. AB - Long-term institutional care in the United States is in the midst of crisis. One of the major reasons for the problems it is encountering is that care and financing mechanisms are structured in terms of the medical needs defined for acute care facilities rather than in terms of the psychosocial needs of long-term care facilities. If the dependency of elderly patients is to be reduced instead of fostered, public policy must become responsive to the true dimensions of long term care. PMID- 823094 TI - Rapid prenatal diagnosis of GM1-gangliosidosis using microchemical methods. AB - Prenatal diagnoses were established in 3 pregnancies at risk for GM1 gangliosidosis at 9, 10, and 12 days after amniocentesis. Beta-galactosidase activities in cultured amniotic fluid cells were determined by microchemical assays in cell homogenates and in isolated groups of 10--30 freeze-dried cells. The latter method requires only a few hundred cells growing in one or more clones and will usually allow a diagnosis within 9--12 days after amniocentesis. PMID- 823095 TI - Biochemical characterization of the human carbonic anhydrase variant CA Ih Hiroshima. AB - Some biochemical properties of a new red cell human carbonic anhydrase variant, CA Ih Hiroshima, have been determined. Evidence is presented that the amino acid substitution in the Japanese variant is not the same as the previously characterized CA Ic variant from Guam of similar electrophoretic mobility. Based on a comparison with the normal CA I isoenzyme, a proposal for the site of the amino acid substitution is presented. PMID- 823097 TI - Immunologic comparison of pancreatic ribonucleases. PMID- 823096 TI - Characterization of porcine serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA and the preparation of monospecific anti-chain sera. PMID- 823098 TI - A simple method of preparing anti-human IgG and its use in quantitation of serum IgG by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 823099 TI - Immunoelectrophoresis test in amoebiasis. PMID- 823102 TI - [Infusion and nutrition problems in pediatric surgery]. AB - The considerable differences in the body composition of infants, children and adults is responsible for special problems of infusion therapy in various age groups. Because of the narrow range of tolerance in the neonatal period special knowledge and skill is required to manage postoperative fluid therapy. Subsequently the difficulties of feeding in pediatric surgery are discussed with special reference to gastroschisis, partial resection of the small intestine, short bowel syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease. Nowadays new balanced diets and progress in parenteral therapy have improved the outcome of this seriously endangered group of patients. PMID- 823100 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption studies using radioactive vitamin B12: comparison of whole body retention and urinary excretion after flushing dose (Schilling's test). AB - Vitamin B-12 absorption of 12 healthy young male subjects was determined by using labelled vitamin B-12 by Schilling's test and whole body retention test. The whole body retention test was performed first using low energy Co57 isotope and a week later, Schilling's test was performed. Whole body retention showed a mean absorption of 56.5% while Schilling's test showed mean absorption of 16.9% in the same subjects. Data supports the whole body retention test being more accurate. PMID- 823103 TI - [Local effectiveness of surgical preparation using a chemically defined diet in colon surgery]. AB - A report is given about the advantages of Vivasorb and BSD for patients who must undergo surgery of the colon. By extensive reduction of the intestinal microorganisms a preoperative medication of antibiotics which are not resorbed in the intestines becomes superfluous. The rate of postsurgical complications is enormously reduced. Clamps will not be required in surgery of the colon, the advantage of which becomes evident and important when resecting a very low situated carcinoma of the rectum, the narrowness of the operation area being an impediment for the handling of clamps. By using Vivasorb, the posterior rectotomy (for polyps which cannot be removed per rectoscopiam) can be done without a temporary colostomy, meaning two operations less for the patient (colostomy and its closure). Finally the positive results of Vivasorb in relation to resection of the colon, necessary because of sealed perforated diverticuli and the results of BSD in connection with internal drainage of the small bowels are reported. PMID- 823101 TI - [Physiological equilibration of water, electrolytes and nutrients]. AB - An account is given of the fundamental mechanisms concerned with the regulation of hunger and thirst, and of the physiological processes involved in the uptake of nutrients, water and electrolytes. Several reflex chains ensure that the organism does not take up too much water and also protect it from excessive loss of water and salt. PMID- 823104 TI - [Parenteral feeding in esophagus surgery]. AB - A carefully balanced parenteral nutrition is shown to improve the therapeutic success in esophageal surgery. Concerning esophageal replacement a decrease of the complication rate such as bad granulation with fistulization as a consequence was observed. Advantage and disadvantage of parenteral nutrition vis-a-vis feeding by operative fistula are discussed particulary. Further on, the indications of parenteral nutrition in esophageal surgery are given. The supply of nitrogen and calories has to be noticeably increased as a catabolic metabolism is obligate. Special attention is given to selection, composition, and concentration of the concerning solutions. PMID- 823105 TI - Adjuvant effects of diethylaminoethyl-dextran. AB - Diethylaminoethyl-dextran exhibited a significant effect on the primary immune response of rhesus monkeys to formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine (IVEE). Antibody formed to IVEE and adjuvant followed a classic immunoglobulin M-immunoglobulin G pattern; however, as compared with vaccine alone, use of this adjuvant with IVEE reduced the time required for onset of immunoglobulin G synthesis. PMID- 823106 TI - Effect of tilorone on susceptibility of mice to primary or secondary infection with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Subcutaneous administration of the drug tilorone did not increase the susceptibility of CD-1 male mice to intravenous or intraperitoneal infection with an alpha-toxin-deficient mutant of the Smith diffuse strain strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, a single injection of this drug greatly increased the susceptibility of mice to an intravenous or an intraperitoneal infection with Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular parasite. The effects of tilorone, which were maximal when the drug was administered on the day of the listerial challenge or one day thereafter, were reflected by relatively lower mean lethal dose values and enhanced proliferation of Listeria in the spleen and liver. The ability of tilorone, administered at the time of listerial challenge, to decrease the resistance against the challenge was partially abrogated by previous administration of the same drug. Tilorone, administered at the time of immunization with a very small number of viable Listeria, greatly enhanced the potency of the immunization. On the other hand, tilorone, administered to Listeria-immunized mice near to the time of a listerial challenge, slightly reduced the protective effects of the prior immunization. PMID- 823107 TI - Preparation of a purified antigenic cholera toxoid. AB - Purified cholera enterotoxin was prepared by methods described by Finkelstein and Lo Spalluto (1970). This toxin was detoxified by treatment with heat and formaldehyde. Heating cholera toxin at 60 C for 25 min resulted in the formation of a polymer named procholeragenoid by Finkelstein et al. (1971). The weak toxic activity of this product was removed by treatment with formalin. No residual toxicity could be demonstrated in formalinized procholeragenoid by the rabbit ileal loop assay and the highly sensitive rabbit skin tests. This toxoid was nevertheless at least as antigenic in the rabbit as was the toxin. No reversion to toxicity was observed in vivo and in vitro at 4 C. The toxicity of formalinized procholeragenoid never exceeded 1/5,000 to 1/10,000 that of the toxin. PMID- 823108 TI - Growth of Rickettsia prowazeki in enucleated cells. AB - Rickettsia prowazeki (Breinl strain) was capable of infecting, and of growing in, enucleated L or chicken embryo cells Thus, neither of these two processes in the rickettsial infection cycle required the concomitant, continued presence of the host cell nucleus. PMID- 823109 TI - Partial characterization of a factor extracted from sensitized lymphocytes that inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages in vitro. AB - Spleen lymphocytes of BCG-immunized mice contain a soluble factor that inhibits in vitro the growth of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within normal peritoneal macrophages. The water-soluble extracts of sensitized lymphocytes, disrupted by freezing and thawing, although less active than the corresponding viable cells retained a significant growth-inhibiting activity. Dialysis against distilled water, lyophilization, exposure to ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease, and storage at -20 degrees C of the water-soluble extracts did not affect their antimycobacterial activity, whereas extracts heated at 100 degrees C were completely devoid of such an activity. All the inhibiting activity was recovered in the void volume of the column after chromatography on Sephadex G 200. Water-soluble constitutents of sensitized lymphocytes did not affect BCG grown in vitro, and on repeated treatments of tuberculous mice they led to a negligible protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Preliminary observations seem to indicate that other soluble factors in lymphocytes of BCG-sensitized mice have the capacity to potentiate in vitro the phagocytic activity of normal macrophages. PMID- 823110 TI - Fluid and electrolyte transport in rhesus monkeys challenged intracecally with Shigella flexneri 2a. AB - Shigella flexneri 2a is an invasive enteric pathogen that may produce diarrhea when ingested by human beings and subhuman primates. We have previously shown that shigella diarrhea correlates with water and electrolyte transport abnormalities in the jejunum and colon. Dysentery alone is associated only with colonic transport abnormalities. To define the relationship between invasion and inflammation of the colon and the occurrence of jejunal transport abnormalities, we studied water and electrolyte transport, histology, and bacteriology in rhesus monkeys that were infected by introducing S. flexneri 2a directly into the cecum. In contrast to the pattern of disease seen after oral administration, cecal inoculation resulted in clinical disease in 64% of animals, of which 94% manifested dysentery alone, rarely preceded by mild diarrhea. Histologically, invasion and inflammation was limited to the colon. Secretion of water and sodium occurred in the colon of infected monkeys when compared with controls, whereas transport was normal in the jejunum and ileum. These data further demonstrate that severe dysentery can result from cecal injection of shigellae, but also suggest that the occurrence of watery diarrhea requires and may result from an undefined interaction between the jejunal mucosa and the organisms during transit through the small intestine. PMID- 823111 TI - Granulocyte function and Pseudomonas burn wound infection. AB - Granulocyte function in burn injury has been evaluated with an in vitro animal assay. Bactericidal activity, using this technique, was markedly depressed only when granulocytes from scald burned rats were challenged with each of three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of autologous postburn serum or heat-inactivated serum. Preincubation of postburn and normal serum at 37 degrees C for 1 h resulted in normal phagocytosis. These studies validate an investigation of plasma and/or granulocyte replacement therapy in the burned patient. PMID- 823112 TI - Enzymatic activities leading to pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis from cell-free extracts of Rickettsia typhi. AB - Cell-free extracts from Rickettsia typhi were examined for the presence or absence of pyrimidine phosphotransferase enzymes and compared with the enzymes of mouse L cells and Salmonella typhimurium. The organisms were grown in mouse L cells and in the yolk sacs of chicken embryos, purified by Renografin density gradient centrifugation, and ruptured in a French pressure cell. The enzymes for the reutilization of uridine and thymidine, uridine kinase (EC 2.7.1.48) and thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21), were not detected in R. typhi extracts with the phosphate donors effective for control enzymes. The following enzyme activities were demonstrated in R. typhi: uridine-5'-monophosphate kinase (UMPK, EC 2.7.4.4), deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate kinase (dTMPK, EC 2.7.4.9), and nucleosidediphosphate kinase (NDPK, EC 2.7.4.6). Physicochemical and enzymatic analyses demonstrated that the pyrimidine nucleotide kinases of R. typhi were not of host origin and that the source (yolk sac and mouse L cells) did not influence the relative enzymatic activities. The specific activities of UMPK and dTMPK were higher when the rickettsiae were harvested before embryo death, whereas NDPK levels were slightly decreased. The specific activities of UMPK, dTMPK, and NDPK were comparable to those of S. typhimurium, and consequently the rickettsiae have potential for the anabolism of monophosphates, as do the host-independent bacteria. These results suggest that R. typhi cannot utilize host uridine or thymidine pools directly but must rely on themonophosphorylated molecules of the host cell or must synthesize the monophosphates de novo. PMID- 823113 TI - Rat polyvinyl sponge model for the study of infections: initial investigations. AB - Polyvinyl sponges were implanted subcutaneously on both sides of young female rats. One sponge was infected with 10(8) of either Escherichia coli K-12 F-, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa CDC 7725. P. aeruginosa remained at the inoculum level and S. aureus declined by 1 log, whereas E. coli was reduced 1,000-fold. Only P. aeruginosa was recovered from the blood in 36% of the animals in 24 h and in 20% of the rats in 48 h. The nutrient potential of rat inflammatory fluid was compared to nutrient broth by growth of each bacterium in untreated and heat-inactivated sponge fluids and Trypticase soy broth. PMID- 823114 TI - Rat polyvinyl sponge model for the study of infections: host factors and microbial proliferation. AB - Female rats were treated with several administration regimens of methylprednisolone, cobra venom anti-complementary factor, and cyclophosphamide in conjunction with polyvinyl sponge implantations. The effect of these drugs on host factors active against bacteria was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933, Escherichia coli K-12, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CDC 7725. One of two implants in each animal was infected with 10(8) of one of the three bacteria, and bacterial and granulocyte content was determined in the infected and control sponges after 48 h. The single large dose of methylprednisolone decreased staphylococcal and E. coli clearance while promoting dissemination of P. aeruginosa. A low chronic dose of the steroid inhibited E. coli chemotaxis only. A higher dose of the steroid administered chronically interfered markedly with S. aureus and E. coli curtailment by the host while leading to enhanced dissemination of P. aeruginosa, accompanied by a precipitous decline in granulocytes. Results with cobra factor resembled the higher chronic dose of steroid enhancing, especially the dissemination of the pseudomonad and its anti granulocytic propensity. Cyclophosphamide depression of granulocytes revealed the rat's ability to curtail the proliferation of particular S. aureus and E.coli strains even in the absence of leukocytes. This treatment resulted in the rapid spread of P. aeruginosa, leading to the death of some experimental animals. These experiments underline the versatility of this animal model in the study of host and microbial factors influential in infectious disease. PMID- 823115 TI - Murine gastrointestinal tract as a portal of entry in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. AB - Peroral administration of viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the stomach of mice resulted in an acute systemic infection, with death occurring within 72 h. One strain, ATCC 19660, a non-encapsulated form of P. aeruginosa, had a median lethal dose of 5.3 X 10(6) colony-forming units, whereas two encapsulated strains, ATCC 17933 and 17934, had median lethal dose values of 5.0 x 10(7) and 5.6 x 10(7) colony-forming units, respectively. Each strain required fewer organisms to establish a lethal infection via the stomach than by intravenous or intraperitoneal routes. The non-encapsulated strain, ATCC 19660, did not cause any diarrhea in the infected animals, whereas the two encapsulated strains, although less virulent, caused diarrhea when administered perorally. No signs of necrosis were noted within the gastrointestinal tract; however, hematogenous spread of the organism resulted in a vasculitis associated with the pulmonary vessels and bacterial invasion of the renal tissues. Treatment of animals with antineoplastic drugs 24 h before or simultaneously with peroral challenge resulted in an increased susceptibility to infection. PMID- 823116 TI - Two previously undescribed extracellular streptococcal antigens detectable with naturally occurring human antibodies. AB - Two streptococcal extracellular antigens (X and Y), which are detectable with naturally occurring human antibodies, have been isolated and shown to represent entities distinct from previously described streptococcal enzymes, toxins, and antigens. They are each synthesized by both group C and group A streptococci and appear to be proteins. Both antigens were found to be nonhemolytic and nontoxic for human leucocytes as well as for isolated beating newborn rat heart cells in tissue culture. In addition to being distinct from known streptococcal enzymes, they were also shown to be devoid of several other enzymatic activities. PMID- 823117 TI - Development of a purified cholera toxoid. III. Refinements in purification of toxin and methods for the determination of residual somatic antigen. AB - The addition of an ultrafiltration step to the purification procedures previously described for cholera toxin (Rappaport et al., (1974) permitted the preparation of highly purified antigenic toxoids essentially free of somatic antigen(s). The purity of such toxoids is established: (i) by the absence of more than about one part limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-positive endotoxin per 10(5) parts toxoid and (ii) by the inability of the toxoids to elicit a significant rise in rabbit vibriocidal antibody. The antigenicity of the toxoids is demonstrated by their ability to produce the same high levels of rabbit serum antitoxin as are produced by comparable toxoids containing small amounts of somatic antigen. The results also indicate that amounts of somatic antigen of the order of less than or equal to 1 mug/100 mug of toxoid do not exert an adjuvant effect on the toxoid, at least with respect to circulating antitoxin. Other data show that, where present, the ability of somatic antigen to elicit vibriocidal antibody is influenced by the immunization schedule employed and that a correlation exists between the LAL determined endotoxin content of the toxoids and their ability to stimulate vibriocidal antibody. Somatic antigen-free toxoids, purified and tested by the refinements herein described, were prepared for use in the National Institutes of Health sponsored field trials, and data pertaining to their purity and antigenic properties are presented. PMID- 823118 TI - Reaginic antibody production to protein antigens of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by mice. AB - Water-soluble antigens isolated from acetone-dried, gram-negative bacteria elicited reaginic antibody formation in mice. Antibodies specific for Escherichia coli antigens reacted with antigens isolated from several enterobacterial species tested, but not with antigens isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Reaginic antibodies induced by antigens isolated from a P. aeruginosa strain reacted with antigens isolated from several P.aeruginosa serotypes as well as with a purified protein component of the envelope of P. aeruginosa. The anti-Pseudomonas reagins did not cross-react with enterobacterial antigens. Antigenicity of the bacterial extracts was destroyed by trypsin treatment and reduced by heating, which suggested that the antigens were protein in nature. Whole bacterial cells adsorbed out reaginic antibodies, indicating that the antigens are located at or near the surface of the bacteria. PMID- 823120 TI - Influence of detergent on aerosol allergic sensitization with enzymes of Bacillus subtilis. AB - An anionic detergent, sodiumdodecylbenzenesulphonate, had an adjuvant effect upon aerosol allergic sensitization with subtilopeptidase A, a proteolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis. Both local and systemic antibody responses were accelerated and prolonged by use of the detergent. This adjuvant effect was only seen when an inactive form of the enzyme was used. The detergent, however, was able to potentiate early clinical responses upon initial exposure to the active enzyme. PMID- 823119 TI - Isolation and characterization of two new herpes-like viruses from capuchin monkeys. AB - Two herpes-like viruses were isolated from capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) brain and (Cebus albifrons) spleen cell cultures, respectively. Both isolates induced similar cytopathic effects consisting of rounded and ballooned cells in the original monkey cell cultures and in a wide range of permissive cell types. Neutralizing antibody to each virus was present in serum from the capuchin monkey from which it was isolated, but the two viruses did not cross-react by neutralization. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates of hyperimmune rabbit serum to one of the isolates showed an antigenic cross relationship between the two isolates. By electron microscopy, herpes-like virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected human diploid fibroblast cell cultures. Virus-infected cell cultures stained with acridine orange revealed small deoxyribonucleic acid-containing intranuclear inclusion bodies. Both viruses were inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and inactivated by chloroform or exposure to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Antisera prepared against 16 prototype herpesviruses and cytomegaloviruses did not neutralize approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of either capuchin isolate. Neutralizing antibody to the capuchin isolates was detected in sera from 8 of 17 capuchin monkeys but not in sera from 16 humans, 15 chimpanzees, and 10 spider, 6 rhesus, and 5 squirrel monkeys. PMID- 823121 TI - Synergism of immunogenic and adjuvant-active components of mycobacterial wax D in the induction of adjuvant arthritis. AB - Two derivatives of wax D, one possessing immunogenicity and the other adjuvant activity, were tested for the possible role in the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. The former, a water-soluble arthritogenic and immunogenic component (WAC), in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, was able to induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and mild AA, but failed to function as an adjuvant in rats. The latter, an acetylated wax D (AD) and its subfraction, AD6, did exert adjuvant activity, but were free from immunogenicity and arthritogenicity. The addition of AD or AD6 to the WAC in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, when injected into inguinal lymph nodes, resulted in the production of severe AA with high incidence. Other adjuvants such as pertussis vaccine and lipopolysaccharide could not replace AD6; they failed to enhance AA when combined with the WAC. Also, other mycobacterial antigen, PPD, could not replace wax D-derived WAC; it did not induce AA when coupled with AD6, although it did induce DH to PPD. PMID- 823123 TI - Letter: Polyribosomes and protein synthesis. A paradoxical effect of oxygen in gamma-irradiated Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 823122 TI - Effect on the reproductive functions of female rhesus monkeys of feeding irradiated wheat flour and potato diet. AB - We investigated the effects on reproductive functions of feeding adult rhesus monkeys on a diet of irradiated wheat flour and potato. Wheat flour and potatoes were exposed to 75000 and 10000 rad, respectively, of gamma-irradiation and then fed to the animals. Various parameters of reproductive function were compared with those of animals fed on unirradiated food. These were: external changes in the reproductive organs, menstrual cycle, vaginal cytology, assay of urinary hormones (oestrogens and pregnanediol), and post-mortem histopathological examination of the reproductive organs. At the end of 3 months, the experimental and control animals behaved similarly with regard to their reproductive functions. PMID- 823124 TI - [Screening and rapid tests in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 823126 TI - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) with cytopathological changes in in vitro cultivated brain cells. AB - The transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) to the patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas, has been accomplished. Clinical neurological disease was first noticed 47 months and 23 days after intracerebral inoculation of infected squirrel monkey brain. The disease progressed slowly and lasted 8 months. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed lesions of status spongiosus and astrogliosis in the cortical gray matter consistent with a diagnosis of experimental CJD. A vacuolating 'spongiform' cytopathological effect was seen in many of the in vitro cultivated brain cells in the outgrowth from explanted brain tissue of this monkey. PMID- 823125 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural study of prostatic tissue from baboons treated with antiprostatic drugs. AB - Histochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the prostate in baboons treated parenterally with saline revealed that the epithelial cells in the caudal prostatic lobe possess very high acid phosphatase activity, moderate nonspecific esterase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, and little or no amino peptidase or beta-glucuronidase activity. Only a few lipofuscin granules were found. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial cells had a characteristic polar appearance with a supranuclear zone dominated by large secretory vacuoles. Secretory granules were abundant in the apical zone. No clear difference was found between the cranial and the caudal prostate except that the acid phosphatase activity of the epithelial cells was much lower in the former. In baboons treated with estraumustine phosphate, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, or with flutamide, i.e., drugs used in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma, the epithelial cells in the caudal prostatic lobe showed a varying degree of atrophy, which was least in the flutamide-treated animals. The histologic changes were accompanied by only minor changes in the enzyme activities, but the number of histochemically demonstrable lipofuscin granules were substantially increased, a finding confirmed by electron microscopy. The drugs did not notably affect the cranial prostate. The findings showed that the caudal, but not the cranial, lobe of the prostate of the baboon resembles the human prostate and can be affected by drugs known to have a desirable effect on the carcinomatous human prostate. PMID- 823127 TI - Alap. PMID- 823129 TI - Alimentation in injured and septic patients. PMID- 823130 TI - G-and C-banded chromosomes of Tupaia chinensis (Mammalia, primates). PMID- 823131 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis]. PMID- 823128 TI - Sepsis--the Wayne State University Symposium--part III. Bacteremia and endotoxemia: a discussion of their roles in the pathophysiology of gram-negative sepsis. AB - Bacteremia, or the presence of live bacteria in the bloodstream, does not seem a prerequisite for septic shock. Indeed, only a small portion of all patients who sustain gram-negative bacteremia ever develop the shock syndrome. Endotoxin in the laboratory model is capable of producing a number of pathophysiological alterations which can partly explain the varied picture of septic shock seen in man. Endotoxin is released from gram-negative bacteria upon their death, and it probably acts as an antigen which reacts with antibody and subsequently activates the complement cascade. The resultant production of vasoactive polypeptides and release of histamine from mast cells might account for the increased vascular permeability and early hyperdynamic cardiovascular function seen in septic shock. These changes may also contribute to ultimate stagnation and pooling in the peripheral microcirculation. Endotoxin is a potent stimulus to the sympathoadrenal system which causes varying effects on the periphery. Continued catecholamine stimulation at the periphery may ultimately contribute to stagnant anoxia by an effect on pre- and postcapillary sphincters. Endotoxin, by itself, will not directly impair cardiac contractility, but evidence for depressed function implies an interaction of endotoxin with other biochemical systems, such as vasoactive polypeptides, to indirectly produce the observed effects. Expression of a hemodynamic model closely approximating human septic shock requires, in addition to a source of endotoxin, a focus of inflammation. Such a focus, in all probability, supplies some as yet unidentified factor(s) which help produce the observed increase in cardiac output. The Limulus test has confirmed the presence of endotoxemia in gram-negative shock and has raised questions about the contribution of gut flora to the propagation of the syndrome. An enterogenous source of endotoxin may also be important in patients in whom a source of inflammation is not readily observable. Gram-negative shock remains an important and grave clinical problem. Knowledge about the relative roles of endotoxin various foci of inflammation, and generation of vasoactive peptides is accumulating slowly. Hopefully, by creating a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology, such knowledge will ultimately result in further improvement in our efforts to prevent and treat this syndrome. PMID- 823132 TI - The potential gain from neutrons. PMID- 823133 TI - The rationale for curative radiotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 823135 TI - 10 Mv photon beam characteristics: central axis depth doses, tissue-maximum ratios, scatter-maximum ratios, beam flatness, backscatter, and output factors. PMID- 823134 TI - Radiobiological studies with cyclotron-produced neutrons currently used for radiotherapy. PMID- 823137 TI - Radiotherapeutic treatment of testicular tumors. PMID- 823136 TI - Local control of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children by radiation therapy when combined with concomitant chemotherapy. PMID- 823138 TI - Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus species and Mucoraceae. PMID- 823139 TI - Defenses against Candida infections. PMID- 823140 TI - Total body irradiation as treatment for lymphosarcoma. PMID- 823141 TI - Total central lymphatic irradiation for stage III nodular malignant lymphoreticular tumors. PMID- 823142 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsil: treatment by a planned combination of radiation and surgery. PMID- 823143 TI - Comparison of drug-induced responses of rabbit trachea and bronchus. AB - The effect of various smooth muscle stimulants and relaxants was examined on isolated rabbit trachea and bronchus. Trachea contracted maximally in response to carbachol, slightly to KCl, and there was no response to serotonin or PGF2alpha. Relaxation of carbachol-contracted trachea was elicited by papaverine, aminophylline, isoproterenol, bradykinin, or PGE2. Histamine also relaxed the rabbit trachea. However, bronchi from the same animal contracted to this amine. As was the case with trachea, the bronchi contracted maximally to carbachol and slightly to KCl; serotonin and PGF2alpha were inactive. Unlike trachea, only papaverine or aminophylline completely relaxed the rabbit bronchus. The other relaxants tested produced smaller responses. Contractions induced by carbachol were blocked by atropine. Bronchial contractions caused by histamine were antagonized by pyrilamine. In contrast, relaxation of trachea caused by histamine was neither affected by pyrilamine nor burimamide, metiamide, or propranolol. We conclude that a lack of pharmacological uniformity exists in at least two smooth muscle subdivisions of a mammalian airway and that this must be taken into consideration when determining the action of drugs on the respiratory system. PMID- 823145 TI - Evaluation of two microbiological methods for detecting residual antibiotics in milk. AB - Two methods described in the AOAC Official Methods of Analysis for the detection of penicillin residues in whole milk were evaluated to determine the capability of each method to detect residues of 12 antibiotics used in the dairy industry. The first method, a cylinder-plate method that uses Sarcina lutea as the test organism, detected levels of 1 ppm of 8 of the 12 antibiotics tested. The second method, using paper disks with Bacillus subtilis as the test organism, detected approximately 1 ppm of only 4 antibiotics. This disk method was unable to detect less than 40 ppm of 5 of the antibiotics tested. The data indicate that the S. lutea cylinder-plate technique is more sensitive to more antibiotics than the B. subtilis disk method and is far superior for screening purposes. PMID- 823144 TI - Multiresidue screening by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry of organic polychlorides. AB - A multiresidue procedure, based on negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry, for analyzing organochlorine residues in environmental substrates is described. The procedure is capable of routinely detecting about 1 ng unknown organochlorine residues. Semi-quantitative data (order of magnitude) may be obtained for pentachlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid residues by calibration with internal p-chlorobenzophenone. Lipid-rich substrates were resolved into acidic and neutral fractions, and both fractions were further purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) prior to NCI analysis. In spite of the fact that recoveries were often low, the overall sensitivity for residues in lipid-rich substrates appeared to be higher than when the GPC step was omitted. PMID- 823146 TI - Environmental chemistry of substitutes for polychlorinated biphenyls. I. Composition and properties of an alkylchlorobiphenyl product. AB - The composition of a technical alkylchlorobiphenyl mixture, proposed as a substitute for polychlorinated biphenyls, has been investigated by spectral and chromatographic methods. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a large number of biphenyls substituted with 2-3 chlorine atoms and 0 4 isopropyl groups. The mixture was dechlorinated as a first step toward structure elucidation of the individual components. The behavior of the alkylchlorobiphenyls during analytical cleanup steps such as thin layer chromatography and chromic acid oxidation was also investigated. PMID- 823147 TI - Infrared studies of the dynamic aspects of hydrogen-bonding in hydroxylated metabolites of 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. AB - Infrared spectral studies indicate that the hydroxylated 2,5,2',5' tetrachlorobiphenyls (TCBs) exist in a dynamic equilibrium of free, intramolecular, and intermolecular hydrogen-bonded forms. The relative abundances of the various species depend upon the polarity of the solvents as well as the physical state of the compound resulting from different configurations, i.e., the monohydroxylated 2,5,2',5'-TCBs exist as cis and trans rotational isomers of OH with respect to the chlorine atom in the ortho position, and 3,4-dihydro-3,4 dihydroxy-2,5,2',5'-TCB exists as 2 trans conformers with the OH groups either axial-axial or equatorial-equatorial with respect to the plane of the attached ring. In the solid state, the dimer or polymer is preferred with intermolecular hydrogen-bonding occurring between OH groups. PMID- 823148 TI - Total organ irradiation with 8 MeV X-rays for liver and lung metastases. PMID- 823149 TI - Oxidation-reduction behavior of the heme c and heme d moieties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase and the formation of an oxygenated intermediate at heme d1. AB - Dithionite reduced the heme c moiety of Pseudomonas nitrite reductase almost instantaneously, whereas the spectral change of heme d proceeded in two steps, requiring at least 15 min for completion. The final spectrum coincided well with that obtained by anaerobic reduction with ascorbate, during which a quasi oxidation-reduction equilibrium was established between the two heme groups. The difference in apparent redox potential was calculated to be 24 mV, heme d being more negative. When the enzyme was supplemented with a reductant and molecular oxygen, an oxygenated intermediate appeared at the heme d moiety. PMID- 823152 TI - Purification of human spleen ribonuclease by immunoabsorption. Similarity of the enzyme with human liver ribonuclease. AB - Human spleen RNase was purified using an immunoabsorbant produced with anti-human liver RNase serum. The purification was more rapid than the procedure used to purify the liver RNase, yet the final specific activity was similar. Problems encountered previously using immunoabsorbants to purify enzymes were to a large degree avoided by injecting only microgram amounts of human liver RNase directly into the popliteal lymph nodes of rabbits, thereby producing a low avidity antibody. The low avidity antibody permitted elution from the immunoabsorbant with only dilute citrate buffer and without significant denaturation. An examination of crude spleen homogenates did not reveal any other RNase to be present except that which bound to the antibody. The enzyme was found to be antigenically unrelated to the human plasma RNase. A comparison of the physical properties of the human spleen enzyme with those of the human liver enzyme did not reveal any significant differences. PMID- 823153 TI - Structure of plant cell walls. Purification and characterization of a beta-1,4 galactanase which degrades a structural component of the primary cell walls of dicots. AB - Wild type Bacillus subtilis, when grown on a soybean arabinan-galactan, secretes a beta-1,4-galactanase which has been purified more than 200-fold from the culture fluid. Affinity chromatography was the most effective step in a purification procedure which resulted in a preparation that contained only a single 40,000 molecular weight protein band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis. The purified galactanase digests a beta-1,4-galactan purified from citrus pectin and digests partially the isolated cell walls of suspension cultured sycamore cells. The predominant product of the enzymic degradation of the substrates tested is a 4-linked tetragalactose. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the galactanase attacks its substrates in both an exo and endo-manner. The products obtained upon galactanase digestion of the soybean arabianin-galactan demonstrate that the earlier proposal concerning the structure of this polysaccharide must be incorrect. PMID- 823151 TI - Purification of the cyclooxygenase that forms prostaglandins. Demonstration of two forms of iron in the holoenzyme. AB - The fatty acid cyclooxygenase (ec 1.14.99.1) that produces the prostaglandin and thromboxane precursor, 15-hydroperoxy-9 alpha, 11 alpha-peroxidoprosta-5, 13 dienoic acid (PGG2), has been purified from sheep vesicular glands to a specific activity of 46,000 units/mg of protein by combining detergent solubilization, (NH4)SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Flurbiprofen Sepharose, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation exhibited only one band of 70,000 molecular weight following sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and staining with Coomassie blue. Treatment of the purified oxygenase with [3H] acetylsalicylic acid yielded a radioactive product which co-electrophoresed with the protein of 70,000 molecular weight. Thus, the isolated protein appeared to be the same one which, in crude preparations, selectively binds acetyl groups in association with prostaglandin synthetic activity. Incubation of the purified oxygenase with [1-14C] arachidonic acid in the presence of stannous chloride yielded only 9 alpha, 11 alpha, 15-trihydroxy prosta-5,13-dienoic acid (PGF2alpha). Without stannous chloride, a mixture of radioactive products was observed which was characteristic of nonenzymic breakdown of PGG2. Thus, the isolated enzyme catalyzed the insertion of both oxygen molecules required for the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. The aerobic absorption spectrum of the isolated oxygenase showed a faint peak at 412 nm indicative of heme. The iron content indicated that a significant amount of nonheme iron was present. The purified oxygenase was activated by added hemin, which was readily bound to the protein. The subsequently isolated heme-protein complex showed a major absorption peak at 407 nm. PMID- 823150 TI - Primary structure of human carbonic anhydrase C. AB - The primary structure of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase C has been determined. The single polypeptide chain contains 259 amino acid residues devoid of disulfide bridges. The experimental approach has involved restriction of the action of trypsin to arginyl bonds by amidination of the lysyl side chains. The six tryptic fragments obtained have been separated and sequenced by manual techniques. During the sequence work on human carbonic anhydrase C, 3 very easily deamidated asparagine residues were noted, all occurring in -Asn-Gly- sequences. The deamidation which takes place even under normal conditions of peptide preparation seems to be associated with a beta-aspartyl shift. A few minor differences existing between our structure and the results from another laboratory are discussed. A brief comparison is made with the primary structures of other carbonic anhydrases with regard to the function of some amino acid residues in the active site of the enzymes. PMID- 823154 TI - Platelet glycocalicin. I. Orientation of glycoproteins of the human platelet surface. AB - The orientation of proteins and glycoproteins of the platelet surface has been studied using various surface probes and labeling reagents. A fourth major glycoprotein has now been detected in platelet plasma membranes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis in addition to the previously recognized glycoproteins I, II, and III. Glycoprotein IV Mr, = approximately 87,000) appears to be present on the inner aspect of the membrane or buried within it since it is not accessible to surface probes such as lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, radiolabeling with transglutaminase and [14C]glycine ethyl ester, or proteolytic enzymes. The ratio of these four major membrane-bound glycoproteins is approximately 10:4:2:3. Contrary to previous reports, only one glycoprotein, glycoprotein III, is accessible to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination in intact platelets. Differences in the rate of destruction of glycoprotein II in intact platelets by trypsin suggests that two components may be migrating in this region. Examination of the soluble fraction obtained following platelet homogenization showed the presence of a single soluble glycoprotein of molecular weight 148,000 comprising about 10% of total platelet sialic acid. Treatment of intact platelets with neuraminidase resulted in the quantitative loss of siliac acid from the soluble glycoprotein, and it was strongly labeled in the intact platelet by [14C]glycine ethyl ester in the presence of transglutaminase. Treatment of intact platelets with chymotrypsin which does not cause the platelet release reaction, caused the rapid conversion of the soluble glycoprotein to a macroglycopeptide. These results indicate a surface origin for the soluble glycoprotein rather than a cytoplasmic or granular origin. The term glycocalicin is suggested for this glycoprotein in view of its origin in the platelet glycocalyx. PMID- 823155 TI - Platelet glycocalicin. II. Purification and characterization. AB - Glycocalicin, a major glycoprotein of the platelet glycocalyx, is obtained in soluble forms following platelet homogenization and has been purified to homogeneity. Glycalicin has a molecular weight of 148,000 (+/- 5,000) as determined by gel electrophoresis. It contains 60 grams % carbohydrate (46.6 mol %) comprising galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid as its principal sugars in a ratio of 2:1:1:2, but with a small amount of glucose (2.3 mol %), mannose (1.2 mol %), and fucose (1.9 mol %). The principal amino acids are serine and threonine (4.9 and 7.6 mol %), leucine (6.7 mol %), proline, (6.8 mol %), and aspartic and glutamic acids (4.7 and 5.8 mol %). Tryptic digestion of glycocalicin yielded a macroglycopeptide (Mr = 118,000 +/- 5,000) identical with that previously obtained from intact platelets (Pepper, D.S., and Jamieson, G.A. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 3706-3713) and a peptide of molecular weights 45,000 (+/- 2,000) which contained only 7 mol % carbohydrate. This peptide showed a significant enrichment of serine, glycine, and glutamic acids compared with glycocalicin and together these amino acids comprised over 50 mol % of the peptide. Purified glycocalicin gave a single precipitin line with antiserum prepared in chickens. It showed reactions of partial identity with both the macroglycopeptide and the (non-glyco)peptide obtained by tryptic digestion and these showed lines of partial identity with each other. These results suggest that at least three determinants are present in the intact molecule. Glycocalicin gave precipitin reactions with wheat germ agglutinin and with the lectin of Agaricus bisporus. PMID- 823156 TI - Kinetic analysis of the action of soybean lipoxygenase on linoleic acid. AB - The time course of the soybean lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of linoleic acid has been analyzed using a kinetic scheme based on two binding sites, compulsory product activation and competitive inhibition by substrate and by product. The dissociation constant (Kp) of the product from the free enzyme is much smaller than 10(-5) M, the dissociation constant of the substrate from the enzyme-substrate-product complex (Kps) has a value of (7.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-6) M, and the competitive inhibitors constant of the product (Kpp) is equal to (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) M Reduction of the hydroperoxide product to a hydroxy acid by sodium borohydride does not alter the product activation kinetics. From the study of the time course of the reaction, no evidence was found for the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 823157 TI - Formation of an 80 S methionyl-tRNA initiation complex with soluble factors from wheat germ. AB - Wheat germ supernatant is resolved into four fractions, C3alpha, C3beta, D and A, all of which are required in addition to elongation EF1 and EF2 for tobacco mosaic virus-RNA (TMV-RNA)-catalyzed amino acid polymerization. Fractions C3beta and D function in the binding of Met-tRNAiMet to the 40 S ribosomal subunit forming an unstable 40 S-Met-tRNA1Met complex that is detected in sucrose gradients only after fixation with glutaraldehyde. Fraction C3beta binds Met tRNAiMet suggesting that a C3beta-Met-tRNAiMet complex may be an intermediate in the formation of the 40 S complex. GTP is required for the formation of both the C3beta-Met-tRNAiMet and the 40 S-Met-tRNAiMet complexes. In either reaction the nucleotide is partially replaceable by quanyl-5'-yl methylene diphosphonate (GMP P (CH2) P) while ATP is inactive. When ATP, C3alpha, mRNA, and magnesium acetate (final concentration 3.6 mM) are added to an incubation reaction containing the 40 S-Met-tRNAiMet complex, a stable 80 S-Met-tRNAiMet complex is formed. Radioactive TM virus-RNA binds specifically to the 80 S-Met-tRNAi complex suggesting that mRNA is a component of this complex. C3beta and D, the fractions required in the formation of the 40 S-Met-tRNAiMet complex, are also required for formation of the 80 S-Met-tRNAiMet complex. In addition, unlabeled Met-trnaiMet does not compete significantly with preformed 40 S-Met-tRNAiMet in the 80 S complex-forming reaction. These observations suggest that the 40 S-Met-tRNAiMet complex is an intermediate in the 80 S reaction. The 80 S-Met-tRNAiMet product of the sequential reaction is reactive with puromycin and on this basis it is tentatively considered to be a functional initiation complex. The additional requirement of Fraction A for amino acid polymerization suggests, however, that the initiation process may be more complex. PMID- 823159 TI - Isolation of platelet microtubule protein by an immunosorptive method. AB - A rapid and highly specific method for the isolation of human platelet tubulin by immunosorption was developed. Platelet tubulin isolated by successive cycles of polymerization was used as antigen. Densitometric quantification of the antigen subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 96% tubulin of molecular weight 55,000 and 4% high molecular weight proteins (mr = 240,000 to 250,000) which co-purified with platelet micrtobule protein. Platelet tubulin bound 0.57 mumol of colchicine/100 mg of protein. Monospecific antibody of human platelet tubulin was prepared in rabbits. After absorption with tubulin co-purifying high molecular weight proteins, and serum proteins, the rabbit anti-tubulin serum gave a single precipitin line on double immunodiffusion against platelet tubulin and the high speed supernatant of a platelet sonicate (platelet extract). The antiserum precipitated the colchicine-binding activity of platelet extracts. The gamma-globulin fraction of the absorbed antiserum was linked to an agarose matrix. Platelet extracts applied to such immunosorptive columns showed the disappearance of a single protein which was eluted with 0.5 g/liter of Triton X-100 and identified as platelet tubulin. Its colchicine binding activity was retained in full. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the ability of platelet tubulin to polymerize and form tubules was not impaired in the presence of 0.5 g/liter of Triton X-100. This simple isolation procedure of platelet tubulin has great advantages in terms of purity and yield and can readily be adapted for use with other cell systems. PMID- 823158 TI - Binding of the ATP-dependent DNase from Hemophilus influenzae to duplex DNA molecules. AB - Using a membrane filter assay, we have studied the binding reaction between the ATP-dependent DNase from Hemophilus influenzae and duplex DNA under conditions where the degradative reaction is not allowed to proceed. Experiments with three forms of SV40 DNA. Complex formation between enzyme and DNA requires neither DNA or enzyme concentration is fixed while the other is varied reveal that binding is noncooperative and that there are two binding sites per linear DNA molecule. These binding sites probably correspond to the two termini of the molecule. PMID- 823160 TI - Identification of an isolated protein essential for peptidoglycan synthesis as the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. AB - We have identified a protein extractable from Bacillus megaterium membranes by LiCl as the enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis which catalyzes the transfer of N acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetyl-D-muramyl-L-analyl-D gamma-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-P-P-lipid. This identification demonstrates the isolation and characterization of a membrane associated enzyme involved in a complex series of reactions without the ready availability of a substrate for the enzyme. PMID- 823161 TI - Managing for effectiveness. PMID- 823162 TI - A morphometric and biochemical investigation of the vesiculation of kidney microvilli. AB - The vesiculation of kidney proximal tubule microvilli has been examined in tissue slices, isolated brush borders and isolated microvilli. Vesiculation could be induced in tissue slices by 2,4-dinitrophenol and anoxia. Cycloheximide and fluoride had no effect. In brush borders and microvilli, the vesiculation was found to be essentially temperature-dependent. Whilst an osmotic swelling could be produced by hypo-osmolar media, the temperature-dependent vesiculation could not be prevented in hyper-osmolar media. Of a wide variety of reagents tested, only glutaraldehyde, mercuric chloride and mersalyl were effective in arresting the vesiculation. Electron micrographs show that vesiculation involves a collapse of the internal structure of the microvillus. However, the collapse was not associated with depolymerization of the microvillus actin filaments. Rather it appeared to be due to the parting of cross-bridges between the membrane and the actin filaments. The nature of these cross-bridges is discussed: it is suggested that alpha-actinin possesses the characteristics for the cross-bridging protein and that vesiculation might be explained by the displacement of alpha-actinin by tropomyosin. PMID- 823163 TI - Fine structure of the heterochromatin of the kangaroo rat Dipidomys ordii, and examination of the possible role of actin and myosin in heterochromatin condensation. AB - Biochemical studies have suggested that some actin and myosin may be present in the nucleus. This raises the possibility that heterochromatin condensation might be the result of an actin-myosin rigour type complex. Since ATP dissociates actin and myosin, this possibility could be examined by determining the effect of ATP on heterochromatin condensation. Thin-section electron microscopy showed large amounts of condensed constitutive heterochromatin in the kidney nuclei and somewhat less in the liver nuclei of the kangaroo rat, Dipidomys ordii. Surprisingly, there were some nuclei in the brain which contained no condensed heterochromatin despite the fact that this genome is composed of 50% satellite DNA. Although washing kidney nuclei with solutions of 10 mM Tris-ATP caused marked decondensation of the heterochromatin, when they were washed with Mg-ATP the heterochromatin was more condensed than in the controls. This suggests the decondensation by Tris-ATP is due to its ability to chelate divalent cations and provides no support for condensation of heterochromatin being the result of myosin-actin interaction. Despite being decondensed, the chromatin fibres of heterochromatin were distinct from those of euchromatin. The heterochromatin formed rod-like 19-5 nm fibres, the euchromatin formed random coils of 11-0-nm fibres. PMID- 823164 TI - Surface morphology and agglutination of lectin-treated human lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. AB - Two human lymphoblasts (Raji and EB3) and normal human peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to different concentrations of Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin. The lectin-induced agglutination was determined and correlated with lectin-induced changes in the surface morphology of these cells as studied in a scanning electron microscope. Whenever the lectin induced high agglutinability in a cell type, it also invariably had a smoothing effect on the cell surface. In contrast, when cells did not agglutinate well with a certain lectin, their cell surface remained essentially rough (villous) after addition of the lectin. The correlation found between increased agglutinability and altered cell surface morphology upon treatment with certain lectins suggests that both phenomena result from one and the same process. Additional evidence for this postulate is presented. PMID- 823165 TI - Effect on glutaraldehyde fixation on lectin-mediated agglutination of mouse leukaemia cells. AB - The effect of glutaraldehyde fixation on lectin-mediated agglutination of murine leukaemia (GRSL) cells was investigated using 2 assay methods which differed in the shear forces to which the agglutinated cells were subjected. First, lectin and cells were allowed to interact under conditions in which shear forces were minimized and the degree of agglutination was evaluated microscopically by the appearance and size of the cell aggregates. This assay demonstrated that concanavalin A (con A)-, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)- or Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCAI)-mediated cytoagglutination was unaffected (WGA and RCAI) or somewhat enhanced (con A) by prior fixation of the cells with glutaraldehyde. Secondly, an electronic particle counter was used to measure the disappearance of single cells and concomitant appearance of cell aggregates as a function of the lectin concentration. In this assay, in which the aggregated cells are subjected to significant shear forces during dilution and cell counting, agglutination of GRSL cells by each of the 3 lectins was drastically inhibited by prior fixation of the cells with glutaraldehyde. This assay also demonstrated enhanced nonlectin induced cell aggregation after fixation. In both cytoagglutination assays about the same lectin concentration was required for threshold agglutination of unfixed cells. Comparatively, the results of the 2 cytoagglutination assays indicate that a fraction of the lectin-mediated bonds between unfixed cells is shear resistant and that fixation of the cells either weakens these bonds or inhibits their formation. Morphologically, cells prefixed with glutaraldehyde were sperical at all lectin concentrations, with a continuous dense distribution of cell surface bound con A, labelled directly with haemocyanin or indirectly using the peroxidase-diaminobenzidine reaction. Unfixed cells showed angular and toadstool shaped deformations, especially at the highest lectin concentrations, the agglutinating surfaces being flattened against each other over extended areas. The distribution of con A label was continuous and dense between the apposed surfaces and discontinuous on free surfaces. In the presence of con A the free surfaces of prefixed cells exhibited more microvilli than the surfaces of non prefixed cells. These results favour the view that fixation prevents the formation of shear-resistant, lectin-mediated bonds between cells, not by restricting the lateral mobility of lectin receptors, but by impairing the apposition of rigid cell surfaces. PMID- 823167 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and some chlorinated pesticides in sewage sludge using a glass capillary column. AB - Gas chromatographic methods for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (with some of its metabolites) in sewage sludge samples and similar materials are described. The sample is extracted with a mixture of hexane, acetone and water. After separation, the hexane phase is reduced in volume and divided into two aliquots, one of which is first shaken with 7% fuming sulphuric acid to remove lipids, and then with potassium cyanide to eliminate interference by elemental sulphur. The other aliquot is evaporated to dryness and heated with ethanolic potassium hydroxide. The two aliquots are injected into a gas chromatograph fitted with a glass capillary column and an electron capture detector. Hexabromobenzene is used as an internal standard. Polychlorinated biphenyls are determined quantitatively by comparing the peaks of the sample with those of Clophen A 50 or A 60. The individual percentage composition of the chlorobiphenyls in the polychlorinated biphenyl oils is used. The capillary column is coated with silicone oil SF 96 according to a described procedure. PMID- 823166 TI - Chromatography of folates on Sephadex G-10. AB - Folates have been separated on columns of Sephadex G-10 using spectrophotometric and microbiological detection with Lactobacillus casei. The method is suitable especially for the separation of folic acid from other folates, and of dihydrofolic acid derivatives from their tetrahydrofolic acid forms. Distribution constants of seven standard folates have been determined. The method has been applied to the determination of folates in cow's milk. Chromatographic separation of conjugase treated and untreated samples of cow's milk has made it possible to distinguish between free and bound forms of folates. PMID- 823168 TI - Demonstration of Rickettsia rickettsii in the rhesus monkey by immune fluorescence microscopy. AB - Indirect immune fluorescence was used to detect rickettsiae in the tissues of a primate inoculated subcutaneously with Rickettsia rickettsii. Rickettsiae were identified by indirect immuno fluorescence predominantly in skin, skeletal muscle, scrotum, testicles, nares, heart, kidney, liver, brain, spleen, pancreas, and larynx. Cell culture assay confirmed the presence of infectious organisms in those specimens. PMID- 823169 TI - Comparison of immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. AB - The immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests for histoplasmosis were compared on 2,090 initial sera from 70 proven cases of histoplasmosis, 177 routine chest hospital patients, and 1,843 coal miners from outside the major endemic area for histoplasmosis. The complement fixation test using histoplasmin as antigen detected antibodies in the sera of 72.8% of the 70 proven cases, while the complement fixation test using yeast antigen detected antibodies in 94.3% of the case sera, and the immunodiffusion test using histoplasmin antigen detected antibodies in 90% of the sera. The tests were also compared for sensitivity, specificity, and ease of performance. PMID- 823170 TI - Preparation of typing antisera specific for O antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Results of serotyping 966 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that 72% agglutinated specifically in one or another of the 16 typing antisera, but 28% agglutinated in two or more and often in as many as 10 antisera; this polyagglutinability correlated with a high incidence of cross-reactivity among the antisera. Absorption of each typing antiserum with either cell suspensions of five O-type strains or with a suspension of a particular polyagglutinable strain (SMC 247) abolished cross-reactivity in the typing antisera without significantly reducing titers against the homologous strains. All but four of the polyagglutinable strains agglutinated specifically in one or another absorbed antisera. The cross-reactions of unabsorbed antisera were interpreted to have been caused by antibodies directed not against specific O antigens but against thermostable specificities that remain undefined. PMID- 823171 TI - Carbon dioxide requirement of Neisseria gonorrhoeae growing on a solid medium. AB - A survey of 120 isolations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male patients showed that 47 (39%) isolates were unable to produce visible colonies without a supply of exogenous carbon dioxide. Of 63 strains, 25 strains required CO2 for isolation but none exhibited a CO2 requirement beyond subculture 4. CO2-requiring strains deprived of CO2 appeared to lose their colony-forming ability exponentially in an environment otherwise conductive to growth. The CO2 requirement was found to be linked to the initiation of growth. An agar-to-agar replica-plating device was used to study the early stages of colonial growth. The CO2 requirement was also found to correlate with the various phases of the colony growth cycle, such that it was required during lag phase, not required during the phase of rapid growth, and returned as colonies aged. These results are discussed. PMID- 823172 TI - Comparison of spontaneous and antibiotic-induced L-form production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to grow as L-forms was found to be independent of the presence of an antibiotic inducing agent and colony type. PMID- 823173 TI - Effect of vaccination schedule on immune response of Macaca mulatta to cell culture-grown Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine. AB - The effect of vaccination schedule on the immune response of Macaca mulatta to formalin-inactivated chicken embryo cell culture (CEC)-grown Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine was studied. Schedules consisted of inoculation on day 1 only, on days 1 and 15, on days 1 and 30, on days 1, 8, and 15, or on days 1, 15, and 45. Humoral antibody measured by microagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence and resistance to challenge with 10(4) plaque-forming units of yolk sac-grown R. rickettsii were assessed. Seroconversion was noted in all monkeys after the first dose of vaccine. A second dose administered 8 or 15 days after the primary infection, or a third given 7 or 30 days after the second, produced no long-term effect on antibody titer. Only monkeys given two doses of vaccine at a 30-day interval showed an increase in antibody titer during the period before challenge. Vaccination with one, two, or three doses of CEC vaccine prevented development of rash and rickettsemia after challenge. The two-dose schedules appeared to induce the highest degree of resistance to challenge, as indicated by unaltered hematological parameters and body temperature in monkeys. The one- and three-dose schedules were somewhat less effective, in that some challenged monkeys within each group displayed febrile and leukocyte responses associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever infection. Our data suggest that administration of two doses of CEC vaccine at 15- or 30-day intervals is the immunization schedule of choice. PMID- 823174 TI - Examination of bacterial flagellation by dark-field microscopy. AB - A method is described for visualizing unstained bacterial flagella by dark-field light microscopy. Since individual filaments can be seen, a genus such as Salmonella, which is peritrichously flagellated, can readily be distinguished from a polarly flagellated genus such as Pseudomonas. Polarly flagellated bacteria generally swim much faster than peritrichously flagellated bacteria, and turn by abrupt reversals. The differences in flagellation and motility provide diagnostic criteria that may be useful in clinical microbiology. PMID- 823175 TI - Interference by Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by other bacterial species. AB - Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens has been enhanced by the use of selective media that inhibit the simultaneous growth of other microorganisms. One explanation for this enhancement could be that certain other bacteria inhibit gonococcal growth. This hypothesis was examined by testing 167 bacterial isolates for in vitro gonococcal inhibition; 34.1% of the isolates failed to inhibit the gonococcus, but 12.0% produced weak inhibition and 53.9% strongly inhibited N. gonorrhoeae. The pattern of in vitro gonococcal inhibition was consistently the same for all the individual isolates within some species, but individual isolates within other bacterial species varied in their ability to inhibit the gonococcus. Consistently strong in vitro N. gonorrhoeae inhibitors were Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas. The in vivo significance of gonococcal interference was demonstrated in the subcutaneous chamber model of N. gonorrhoeae infection. PMID- 823176 TI - Use of droplet plating method and cystine-lactose-lactng electrolyte-deficient medium in routine quantitative urine culturing procedure. AB - Droplet plating of 0.01 ml of 10(-2) dilutions of mixed sonically treated urines onto cystine-lactose electrolyte-deficient agar permits formation of discrete, easily counted colonies within a small circumscribed area without interference by Proteus overswarm. Each colony is considered as arising from a single viable cell. The single dilution permits precise reproducible quantitation of urine bacteria population within the range 10(4) to 10(6) cells/ml of sample. Droplet plated counts were found to be consistently (approximately) double those determined by standard pour plate quantitation. The method requires only inexpensive readily available materials and has been performed routinely in a large-volume clinical laboratory for several years. PMID- 823177 TI - New assay of protective activity of Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccines. AB - Areas under the fever curves of guinea pigs inoculated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine over a restricted dose range and infected with a standardized dose of Rickettsia rickettsii varied linearly with log10 dose of vaccine. A calculator was programmed to plot fever curves and calculate the vaccine dose that reduced the fever of infected animals by 50%. PMID- 823178 TI - Renal prostaglandin synthesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The precise role of the kidney in spontaneous experimental hypertension is unknown. We have analyzed the rates of renal prostaglandin synthesis by utilizing a spontaneously hypertensive rat model. The synthetic rate of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha, and prostaglandin A2-like products was measured in vitro with renal microsomes. In the rabbit and rat there is a steep gradient of microsomal prostaglandin synthetase from papilla to cortex with highest activities in the papilla. Comparison of the activity of prostaglandin synthetase in medullary microsomes form normotensive and hypertensive rats showed accelerated synthesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. These differences appeared after several months of age, were statistically significant from 3 mo of age and, on the average, represented at least a twofold increase of in vitro activity. All classes of prostaglandins were involved with increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin A2-like material. These data reenforce and extend previous work showing alterations of granularity and presumably prostaglandin synthesis in renal medullary intersitital cells in various experimental hypertensions. We also measured renal tissue content of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin A-prostaglandin B by radioimmunoassay. Swift and careful handling of the tissue was necessary to avoid extensive postmortem synthesis of prostaglandins. In rapidly-frozen medullary tissue only prostaglandin E was detectable in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 pg/mg tissue. No significant differences were found in the medullary content of prostaglandin E in the control and hypertensive rats despite the increased rates of enzymatic synthesis. We conclude that renal prostaglandin synthesis is increased in renal medullary microsomes obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rat. This apparently occurs in response to the progressive development of hypertension since young animals did not show an increase Renal tissue prostaglandin E content did not increase and therefore appears to be a poor index of enhanced prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 823180 TI - Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: an autoradiographic study in the monkey. AB - Because the globus pallidus gives rise to the principal efferent system of the corpus striatum and is traversed by several fibers systems, attempts were made to study the projections of its cells by autoradiographic technics. Tritiated amino acids (L-leucine, L-proline and L-lysine) were injected into: (1) the medial pallidal segment (MPS), (2) the MPS and the substantia innominata (SI), (3) portions of the MPS and the lateral pallidal segment (LPS) and (4) parts of the putamen. Cells labeled by injections of the MPS transported isotope to thalamic nuclei (ventral anterior, VApc, ventral lateral, VLo and VLm, and the centromedian, CM), the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and the lateral habenular nucleus (Hbl). Labeled cells of the MPS and SI transported isotope to: (1) thalamic nuclei (VLo, VLm and CM), (2) PPN, (3) Hbl, (4) lateral and posterior regions of the hypothalamus, and (5) extensive dorsal regions of the substantia migra (SN). Comparisons of label transported from uptake of isotope by cells of the MPS, and cells of both pallidal segments, suggest that the LPS projects fibers only to the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Not all regions of the STN appear to receive fibers from the LPS. Selectively labeled neurons of the putamen transport isotope to broad regions of both pallidal segments and to the pars reticulata of the SN. This study suggests that cells of the MPS project profusely and topographically to: (1) the rostral ventral tier thalamic nuclei (VApc, VLo and VLm), (2) lateral portions of CM, and (3) the PPN. Fibers of the lenticular fasciculus appear to terminate preferentially in VLo. Cells in sublenticular portions of SI, and those extending into the medullary laminae of the pallidum, appear to project to: (1) HB1 via the stria medullaris, (2) the pars compacta of SN, (3) lateral and posterior regions of the hypothalamus, and (4) the so-called nucleus of the ansa lenticularis. Some fibers from cells of SI appear to join the dorsal stria terminalis, but none enter the inferior thalamic peduncle and none project to any part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. PMID- 823181 TI - Areal and laminar distribution of some pulvinar cortical efferents in rhesus monkey. AB - The areal and laminar distribution of the cortical efferents of the medial, lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei (PM, PL and PI respectively) were determined in rhesus monkey using autoradiography and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP). The autoradiographic data indicated that: areas 8a, 45 and 46 on the convexity and 11 and 12 on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe received projections from PM; areas 20, 21 and 22 in temporal lobe received projections from PM primarily with caudal-medial parts of PM projecting to more rostral-dorsal parts of temporal lobe and rostral-lateral parts of PM projecting to more caudal-ventral parts of temporal lobe but PL also sends some efferents to caudal temporal lobe; areas 5 and 7 in parietal lobe and 18 and 19 in occipital lobe received projections primarily from the region in pulvinar comprising PL and PI with the more ventral parts of this region porsal parts of this region projecting to the more dorsal lateral and medial parts of parieto-occipital cortex and with PM comtributing slightly to these projections rostrally. The autoradiographic information on the pulvinar projections to frontal lobe and temporal pole was supplemented by data derived from cortical HRP injections. These indicated that although only PM of the pulvinar subnuclei projected to these regions, three other caudal thalamic structures, i.e., medial dorsal nucleus, nucleus limitans and suprageniculate nucleus also projected to these regions raising some questions about the identity of the densocellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus which has also been considered to be part of pulvinar. The laminar distribution of pulvinar cortical efferents was uniformly similar regardless of the pulvinar recipient area examined. Elevated numbers of silver grains were observed over all cortical layers, but the silver grains were densest over the deep parts of layer III. The thalamic reticular nucleus was the only diencephalic structure observed to receive projections from pulvinar and it did so from PM, PL and PI. The pulvinar's efferents are to homotypical rather than heterotypical cortex and its connections are most extensive with cortex rather than with subcortical structures. PMID- 823179 TI - Rhesus haemolytic disease. PMID- 823183 TI - Landmark statement from the American Academy of Nursing on long-term care. PMID- 823182 TI - Cortical and subcortical visual evoked potential correlates of reaction time in monkeys. AB - The relationships between reaction time (RT) and evoked potentials were investigated in three monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) during the performance of a simultaneous brightness discrimination task. Evoked potentials from the lateral geniculate, medial and inferior pulvinar, midbrain reticular formation, hippocampus, and striate and prestriate cortex were recorded concurrently with RT in response to the discriminative stimuli. An early component of the geniculate response and a late positive wave in striate cortex were found to be related systematically to RT. These components were largest for short RTs and diminished progressively in amplitude as RT lengthened. The statistical significance of these relationships was supported by a detailed analysis of single trials. The increases in amplitude of evoked potentials associated with short RTs were attributed to increased arousal level and were discussed in terms of reticular formation modulation of central excitability levels. PMID- 823184 TI - Caries prevention in first permanent molars by fissure sealing. A 2-year study in 6--8-year-old children. PMID- 823185 TI - Arrest and control of carious lesions: a study based on preliminary experiments with resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. AB - An experimental investigation has been made into the possibilities of retarding the progress of carious attack by infiltrating cariostatic material into enamel lesions. The problems associated with this kind of procedure are discussed against the background of experimental observations made using a formulation based on a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. PMID- 823186 TI - Health manpower: some economic considerations. PMID- 823187 TI - Photochemical confirmation of mirex in the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 823189 TI - Isolation of lipoxygenase from split pea seeds, snap beans, and peas. PMID- 823188 TI - Protein quality of precipitate from waste effluent of potato chip processing measured by biological methods. PMID- 823191 TI - Effect of normalization of hypometabolic state on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) manifest a hypothyroid state as evidenced by increased thyroid weight, an increased level of plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a decreased level of plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In 18 patients with essential hypertension, plasma TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were all within the normal range, but the T4 level was significantly lower than in the controls. Among 21 hypothyroid patients, 2 had essential hypertension. Administration of thyroid hormone brought the metabolic state to normal in SHR and in hypothyroid patients but failed to affect the blood pressure. It is suggested that abnormality of thyroid function is neither the cause nor the accentuating factor in the development of hypertension in SH rats and in man. PMID- 823190 TI - IgE myeloma presenting with classical myeloma features. AB - A patient with IgE myeloma, presenting with bone lesions and modest anemia without plasma cell leukemia or hepatosplenomegaly, is described. The findings are compared with those of other patients with this and the more common forms of multiple myeloma. PMID- 823192 TI - An ergot alkaloid preparation (Hydergine) in the treatment of dementia: critical review of the clinical literature. AB - A critical review is presented of 12 clinical trials with Hydergine (a hydrogenated ergot alkaloid preparation) in the treatment of dementia. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of improvement in symptoms showed that Hydergine consistently produced statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) improvement in 13 symptoms associated with dementia. However, because of the small magnitude of the improvement and the absence of indications of long term benefit, Hydergine would seem to be of minor value in dementia therapy. Further research with better methodology and design might lead to a different conclusion. PMID- 823193 TI - Stabilizing selection in Drosophila melanogaster: a comment. PMID- 823194 TI - Stabilizing or directional selection on egg lengths: a rejoinder. PMID- 823255 TI - [Quantitative growth analysis of limbic nuclei areas fresh volume in diencephalon and mesencephalon of an albino mouse ontogenic series. II. Corpus mammillare]. AB - The fresh volumes of the Nucl. medialis and of the Nucl. lateralis corporis mammillaris of 52 white mice aged between 17 and 60 days of ontogenesis have been determined. The fresh volume of the left Nucl. lateralis is significantly larger than that of the right side. The data of the Nucl. laterales have been fitted by a 3parametric logistic function. The data of the Nucl. medialis have been fitted by a sum of logistic functions. This sum has an increasing and a decreasing component and it shows a maximum of the sum of both components near 32 days of ontogenesis. The degree of maturity and the growth-rate of maturity have been discussed. Both nuclei belong to the group of brain regions in white mice with an early development. The growth of different brain regions is asynchronous. There is a need for further quantitative analyses. PMID- 823256 TI - [Biometrical fresh volume analysis of nucleus caudatus, putamen and globus pallidus in an ontogenic series of Tupaia belangeri]. AB - The fresh volumes of the nucl. caudatus (including the nucl. accumbens septi), putamen, globus pallidus and of the whole brain of 37 male Tupaia belangeri aged between 36-536 days of ontogenesis have been determined. The growth of these nuclear regions is described by the logistic function. The parameters were approximated by means of an iterative procedure by the least square method. The "ideal" volume of the globus pallidus is 9,6 mm3, of the striatum 113 mm3, and of the whole brain 3 260 mm3. The degrees of maturity of globus pallidus, striatum and the whole brain do not differ significantly from each other concerning the date of birth (43th day of ontogenesis), the growth factors are about 5,5. The nucl. caudatus, including the nucl. accumbens septi, and the putamen demonstrate almost the same course in their degrees of maturity and growth dynamics within the tested age interval. In the course of postnatal development the globus pallidus grows more quickly than the whole brain, and the whole brain, on the other hand, more quickly than the striatum. The half value time of the globus pallidus is about 53 days of ontogenesis, of the whole brain about 56 days of ontogenesis and of the striatum about 58 days of ontogenesis. On the 70th day of ontogenesis, the difference between the degrees of maturity of globus pallidus (93 per cent) and striatum (= nucl. caudatus + nucl. accumbens septi + putamen) (72 per cent) is 21 percent. This complicated growth dynamics can be seen exactly by considering the non-linear logistic functions, the degrees of maturity, and the growth-rate of the degrees of maturity. PMID- 823257 TI - [Cold sterilization of serums with peracetic acid]. AB - On the basis of broad antimicrobic effect including also bacterial spores, mycoplasmas and viruses, the peracetic acid suits to sterilize in cold. By means of the final 0,1 to 0.02% concentration of the peracetic acid acting for 30 min. up to 5 days, it succeeded in sterilizing the serum used to prepare culture medium for bacteria, mycoplasmas and tissue cultures. Growth controls shown at least as good results as were those in using filtered sera. Chemical sterilization by means of the peracetic acid leads to significant diminution of neutralization and complementfixation antibodies in serum. PMID- 823258 TI - Experiments on chickens placed on ground endemic of classical scrub typhus in Akita Prefecture, Japan. AB - The chicken is available as a bait animal for the study of vector mites and has been found to be infected by chigger mite bite in an area endemic of scrub typhus. L. pallidum and L. palpale were reconfirmed to be zoophilic for the chicken. It is suggested a walking bird can serve as a vector--carrying mites from one place to another. R. orientalis can persist subclinically for a certain period in the spleen and liver of chickens placed on the gound endemic of scrub typhus. Specimens of L. pallidum, 22 in number, collected from chickens placed on the ground of an endemic area in Akita Prefecture were found rickettsia-positive. Both strains isolated from bait chickens and L.pallidum collected from host chickens were identified as a Kato type of R. orientalis. PMID- 823259 TI - Investigation of the apparent delay in mobility of albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin 1-1 and fibrinogen in electroimmunodiffusion. AB - Differences in mobility of free and complex-bound antigen molecules during electrophoresis in antibody-free and antibody-containing agarose gel were investigated with albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and fibrinogen. The combination of line electrophoresis and one-dimensional single electroimmunodiffusion as designed for this purpose is described. Differences in time between the start of line electrophoresis and that of rockets, in view of their influence on the formation of the line precipitate, served as reference values. Three basic types of morphology of the line precipitate in the area of possible interaction between line and rocket precipitation were distinguished: total interruption, partial interruption and no interruption. By means of the time differences indicator system it was found that this apparent reduction in mobility during electroimmunodiffusion of the antigens tested was reversely proportional to the electrophoretic mobility of free antigens. PMID- 823261 TI - Isolation of rat and rabbit IgM from normal serum using anti-human mu antibody polyacrylamide beads immunosorbents. AB - The antigenic relationship between human IgM and IgM from other species has been utilized in isolating rat and rabbit IgM from normal sera by means of an anti human mu-polyacrylamide beads immunoadsorbent. The isolated IgM was found to be pure by immunoelectrophoretic analysis and Ouchterlony technique. The antisera obtained were monospecific for mu-chains after absorption with IgG. Lastly, the IgM isolated always retained its antibody activity. PMID- 823260 TI - The use of non-human primates for production of antisera to human tumor associated antigens. AB - High-titered antisera against human melanoma- and leukemia-associated antigens have been produced in non-human primates. The data from this and from other studies suggest that this model may prove a valuable source of highly specific antisera against a variety of human tumor-associated antigens or alloantigens. Our methods for production and characterization of these antisera are reported. PMID- 823262 TI - Importance of isolation of Nocardia in sputum of patients of Tuberculosis Diagnostic Centre. PMID- 823263 TI - [Influence of light condition modification on the circadian rhythm of vitellogenesis and ovulation in Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 823264 TI - Direct selection of mutants of Drosophila resistant to juvenile hormone analogues. PMID- 823265 TI - Use of Drosophila mutants to investigate the effect of disuse on the maintenance of muscle. PMID- 823266 TI - The constancy and similarity of the amounts of free amino acids in inbred strains of Drosophila and outbred Calliphora. PMID- 823267 TI - Detection of immune complexes. PMID- 823268 TI - Relationship of topical dose and percutaneous absorption in rhesus monkey and man. AB - [14C]Testosterone, [14C]hydrocortisone, and [14C]benzoic acid were applied to skin of the rhesus monkey and man, and percutaneous absorption was quantitated by measuring urinary excretion of 14C. In the rhesus, the concentration of testosterone was increased from 4 to 4000 mug/cm2 in 5 steps. The efficiency of absorption decreased from 18.4 +/- 9.5% to 1.4 +/- 0.8%. However, the total compound absorbed (per cm2 area) always increased, from a low of 0.7mug to 56 mug. In man, testosterone penetration was also dose dependent and very similar to that in rhesus. Increasing the dose of hydrocortisone 10-fold (4 to 40 mug/cm2) resulted in a decrease in efficiency of absorption in man (1.6 +/- 1.4% to 0.6 +/ 0.3%) and rhesus (2.9 +/- 0.8% to 2.1 +/- 0.6%). The total compound absorbed, however, increased manyfold in both species. As benzoic acid concentrations were increased in man from 3 to 2000 mug/cm2, the percent absorption decreased, from 37.0 +/- 16.3% to 14.4 +/- 3.8%. Benzoic acid absorbed increased from 1.1 mug to 288 mug (per cm2 area), representing almost a 300-fold increase in absorption. Values in the rhesus were similar. PMID- 823269 TI - Immunology of epidermal fibrous proteins. AB - This report describes the preparation and detection of antibodies to chemically unmodified prekeratin and stratum corneum proteins of cow and human epidermis. The antibodies are specific for epidermal fibrous proteins and do not cross-react with those of hair and nail which have the same molecular configuration but but distinctive physical and chemical properties. The antibodies did cross-react with epidermal fibrous proteins from a number of other vertebrate sources indicating an immunologic relationship among epidermal proteins whose polypeptide compositions and amino acid contents are somewhat dissimilar. Both antibodies give intense immunofluorescence localized to the malpighian layers but not to the stratum corneum. The antigenic sites in the native configuration of the stratum corneum layer may be buried, since denatured stratum corneum proteins react readily with the antibody. These antibodies have permitted the first detection of a form of keratin whose solubility properties are quite different from either prekeratin or stratum corneum proteins. PMID- 823270 TI - Measurement of the staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin: a comparison of bioassay, radial immunodiffusion, and radioimmunoassay. AB - Three methods of measuring the epidermolytic toxin Staphylococcus aureus-bioassay in newborn mice, radial immunodiffusion, and radioimmunoassay-were compared for reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity. The bioassay is highly specific and remains the only functional assay. It is reproducible only if newborn mice of the same age are used. The time required for epidermolysis follows a dose response relationship only if concentrations of toxin large enough to cause peeling in 90 min or less are used. This limits the sensitivity of the bioassay to about 5 mug per ml. Single radial immunodiffusion in agar is a specific and reproducible assay method, but its sensitivity is also about 5 mug per ml. A radioimmunoassay was established by the Farr technique using purified epidermolysin radiolabeled with 125iodine. This assay was highly reproducible and specific. The staphylococcal products, alpha-toxin and enterotoxins A and B, did not cross-react with anti-epidermolysin antibodies. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay is 20 ng per ml. PMID- 823272 TI - Clinical response of silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) to infection with strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi virulent and avirulent for mice. AB - Silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) inoculated with avirulent strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi showed little or no signs of disease, whereas those inoculated with moderately or fully virulent strains developed severe disease. Infection with the virulent strains produced early leukocytosis followed by leukopenia and significant decreases in packed-cell volumes. In animals infected with avirulent strains, these parameters were normal throughout the experimental period. PMID- 823271 TI - Clinical correlation of strain differentiation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - An in vitro bactericidal assay that utilized a set of 20 typing antisera to Neisseria meningitidis was developed to distinguish differences in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on patterns of killing. When test conditions were rigidly standardized, the method was sensitive and reproducible. Strains of gonococci from 20 unrelated patients had 20 different patterns of killing. Sets of strains of N. gonorrhoeae that were likely to be identical on the basis of clinical histories were examined. Organisms isolated from consorts reacted in an identical fashion in seven of nine instances. The two nonidentical sets of strains from consorts were also different in their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The case history of one patient suggested that one of these strains was obtained from a source of infection other than the named consort, and a second patient was reinfected with a strain from her partner four months later. Four sets of strains were cultured at different intervals after appropriate therapy. On the basis of bactericidal patterns, the strains from one patient were the same, a finding that suggested treatment failure; the strains from other patients were not identical, a fact that suggested that patients were reinfected. PMID- 823273 TI - Analysis of endemic meningococcal disease by serogroup and evaluation of chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 823274 TI - Bacteriological, clinical, and pharmacological investigations with tobramycin in patients with serious urinary tract infection. AB - In studies of tobramycin an excellent effect was noted against many strains of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus derived from clinical sources. When the susceptibility of the strains to tobramycin was compared with susceptibility to other aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin was clearly the most effective antibiotic of this group. Therapy of chronic urinary tract infection with tobramycin resulted in good clinical effects with no (or only slight) adverse reactions. When the parameters of recovery in patients treated with tobramycin were compared with those in other patients who had the same diseases but were treated with gentamicin, tobramycin yielded clinical results that were as good as (and occasionally better than) those produced by gentamicin. Studies of the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin showed a high rate of absorption from the muscles, a high rate of renal excretion, and effective therapeutic concentrations (higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting strains) in renal tissue homogenates. PMID- 823275 TI - Tobramycin in treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The effectiveness and safety of tobramycin against infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis were studied in 15 patients with moderate-to-severe exacerbation of chronic pulmonary infection. Seventeen courses of treatment were given. Tobramycin (5-7.5 mg/kg per day) was administered intravenously in three divided doses per day (seven to 21 days). All specimens of sputum yielded moderate-to-heavy growth of P. aeruginosa; all isolates were inhibited by 4 mug of tobramycin/ml, and in seven cases isolates were not inhibited by 4 mug of gentamicin/ml. The mean levels of tobramycin in the blood were 4.4 mug/ml 0.5-1 hr and 0.8 mug/ml 7.5-8 hr after administration. All patients received an antistaphylococcal agent before, during, and after therapy. All patients except for two received 750 mg of carbenicillin/kg per day intravenously in six divided doses and 1 g of carbenicillin in a mask for inhalation three times a day. Both clinical and radiological improvement was noted in all patients. The white blood cell count, which was elevated in seven patients, returned to normal, and levels of blood gases improved. P. aeruginosa was eliminated from the sputum in five cases. No adverse side effects were noted. PMID- 823276 TI - Tobramycin and ticarcillin therapy for exacerbations of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Patients who had cystic fibrosis and acute infectious exacerbations of pulmonary disease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with a combination of tobramycin and ticarcillin. P. aeruginosa recovered from patients was inhibited by lower concentrations of both of these drugs than of gentamicin or carbenicillin. Thirteen courses of treatment were administered to 11 patients (mean, 14.4 days). A favorable response was seen in 11 of 12 completed courses of treatment. Improvement was associated with decreases in white blood cell count, temperature, and sedimentation rate. Adverse reactions were uncommon. Although P. aeruginosa was not eradicated from the sputum, the clinical results suggest that the combination of tobramycin and ticarcillin may be particularly useful for treatment of acute exacerbations of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis from whom P. aeruginosa is isolated. PMID- 823277 TI - Laboratory findings of tobramycin and their relation to clinical response. AB - The susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to tobramycin were studied, and the applicability of these data to clinical situations was evaluated. The bactericidal nature of tobramycin was confirmed by killing curves, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations for 500 common pathogens were used to define its spectrum. Isolates inhibited by less than or equal to 5 mug/ml were considered to be sensitive to tobramycin. The clinical response of some patients was examined in relation to the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infecting organism and the serum and urine levels of tobramycin. The activity of tobramycin was compared with that of gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tobramycin was at least twice as active as gentamicin against P. aeruginosa. The effectiveness of tobramycin against S. aureus and E. coli was compared with that of other commonly used antibiotics, and its clinical role as an alternative to gentamicin in the "best guess" treatment of septicemia was considered. Lincomycin is often added to counter the ineffectiveness of tobramycin against streptococci and anaerobes such as Bacteroides species, but this combination was antagonistic against E. coli when tested in vitro by the checkerboard technique and its graphical display, the isobologram. Tobramycin was essentially similar to gentamicin in laboratory characteristics and clinical application but was more active against P. aeruginosa in general and against gentamicin-resistant strains in particular. PMID- 823278 TI - Susceptibility of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to tobramycin. AB - There has been increasing interest in the pathogenic role of nonfermentative gram negative bacilli in human infections. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the susceptibility pattern of these organisms to tobramycin has not been evaluated thoroughly. The activity of tobramycin, as compared with that of gentamicin, was tested by the serial broth dilution technique against 178 isolates of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli obtained from various sources. P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum (Herellea vaginicola), A. calcoaceticus var. Iwoffi (Mima olymorpha), Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas acidovorans accounted for 82% of all cultures tested. The vast majority of these organisms were susceptible to both tobramycin and gentamicin. Resistance was most common with Alcaligenes odorans; six of 12 isolates were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. There was only one isolate of Pseudomonas diminuta; it was highly resistant to both antibiotics. PMID- 823279 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, colistin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiological and therapeutic implications. AB - The susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to six antibiotics was related to the epidemiologic knowledge yielded by serotyping. The agar dilution method for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the Habs serotyping system were used. Effectiveness of each agent ranked highest to lowest as follows: tobramycin, colistin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. For many isolates, the MICs of gentamicin were close to the peak level in serum. Susceptibility to carbenicillin and to ticarcillin were highly correlated, with MICs of ticarcillin half those of carbenicillin. Similary, susceptibility to gentamicin and to tobramycin were correlated. For susceptible strains, MICs of gentamicin were two to four times greater than those of tobramycin. However, strains resistant to gentamicin were clearly in one of two groups: susceptible to tobramycin or resistant to the drug. Most strains resistant to both gentamicin and tobramycin were serotype 11, whereas those resistant gentamicin and kanamycin only were nonagglutinable. PMID- 823280 TI - Susceptibility of "enterobacteria" to penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycins, erythromycin, and rifampin. AB - Agar dilution tests for susceptibility of gram-negative rods and enterococci were done with a number of penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycin analogues, erythromycin, and rifampin. Many in the first three categories were investigational drugs. All were generally less active than aminoglycoside and tetracycline antibiotics against gram-negative rods and more active against enterococci. Cephalosporins as a group were more active than penicillins against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and less active enterococci. Both groups were equally active against Enterobacter, Proteus, and Providencia but inactive against most strains of Serratia and all strains of Pseudomonas; however, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, and BL-1654 were active against most strains of Pseudomonas. Penicillins and cephalosporins were more active against Proteus mirabilis than against indole-positive Proteus. Lincomycins had little or no activity against gram-negative rods but were moderately active against enterococci. Erythromycin was more active than the lincomycins, but rifampin was much more active than either of these types of drug. Of the penicillins, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, and BL-P1654 were the most active against gram negative rods, whereas BL-P1654, amoxicillin, and ampicillin were the most active against enterococci. The penicillinase-resistant penicillins, cyclacillin, and penicillin V were essentially inactive against gram-negative rods. Of the cephalosporins tested, cephanone and cefamandole were the most active against most gram-negative rods, whereas cephaloridine and cephacetrile were the most active against enterococci. The least active of the cephalosporins against most species were cephradine, cephalexin, and cephapirin, but cefoxitin was the least active against enterococci. PMID- 823281 TI - Lack of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) in pregnancy--a case report. PMID- 823282 TI - Indomethacin and blood pressure control. AB - Blood pressure of indomethacin-treated and control rabbits was measured directly every hour in an automated device for 7 to 10 days. Indomethacin treatment was without effect, and the mean aortic pressure of all rabbits varied generally between 65 and 80 mm. Hg. Since the indomethacin treatment was adequate to block the prostaglandin synthetase system, it is concluded that either circulating prostaglandin is not involved in blood pressure control or other regulatory mechanisms can readily compensate for absence of prostaglandin. PMID- 823283 TI - The effect of diet on hepatic bile formation and bile acid metabolism in squirrel monkeys with and without cholesterol gallstones. AB - In order to explain why squirrel monkeys on some experimental diets develop cholesterol gallstones, we made a number of measurements on bile acid kinetics and on bile secretion and composition. The pool size of cholic acid was much greater in monkeys on a commercial diet than in any group on a semipurified diet. It was also greater in squirrel monkeys on a lithogenic diet but without gallstones than in monkeys from the same diet group with gallstones. The half lives of cholic acid tended to be proportional to pool size, and absolute rates of cholic acid synthesis were, therefore, not much affected by diet. Diet did not affect the pool sizes and half-lives of chenodeoxycholic acid as much as those of cholic acid. Dietary cholesterol increased concentrations of cholesterol relative to bile acids and phospholipids in hepatic bile as well as absolute secretory rates of all three components. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile in fasted monkeys with gallstones resulted in a more rapid and marked increase in the relative cholesterol concentration and decline in the absolute concentration of bile acids in hepatic bile than occurred for monkeys without gallstones. This was due to the low proportion of the bile acid pool outside the gallbladder and the low rate of new bile acid synthesis of the monkeys with gallstones during fasting. PMID- 823284 TI - Alcoholism treatment in clinical practice. PMID- 823285 TI - Supply, demand, and the foreign medical graduate. PMID- 823286 TI - The Listeria monocytogenes infection. A case report and review of the literature with special reference to the cases in Maine. PMID- 823287 TI - Influence of handling and sedation on plasma cortisol in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 823288 TI - Punishment of responding under schedules of stimulus-shock termination: effects of d-amphetamine and pentobarbital. AB - Responding maintained in squirrel monkeys under 5-min fixes-interval schedules of either food presentation or termination of a visual stimulus associated with electric-shock delivery was suppressed by presenting an electric shock for every thirtieth response (punishment). In monkeys responding under the schedule of food presentation, d-amphetamine sulfate only further decreased punished responding, and pentobarbital sodium markedly increased punished responding, as expected from previous reports. In monkeys responding under the schedule of stimulus-shock termination, however, the effects of the two drugs were opposite: d-amphetamine markedly increased punished responding, whereas pentobarbital only decreased responding. Thus, the effects of these drugs on punished responding were different depending on the type of event maintaining responding. These and previous results indicate that it may be misleading and inaccurate to speak of the effects of drugs on "punished responding" as though punishment were a unitary phenomenon. As with any behavior, the effects of drugs and other interventions on punished responding cannot be accurately characterized independently of the precise conditions under which the behavior occurs. PMID- 823289 TI - An immunological turbidimetric method for serum transferrin determination. AB - The described method for the turbidimetric determination of serum transferrin concentration has the following features: the ionic strength of the medium is very low, the antiserum used is purified by the manufacturer, 25 mul antiserum per determination is sufficient, excess antibody or antigen has no influence. We studied the relation between transferrin concentration and total iron binding capacity for human normal and variant transferrins. Furthermore, our results are compared with the radial immunodiffusion technique. PMID- 823291 TI - A low ionic strength, hemagglutinating, Autoanalyzer for rhesus typing of dried bloodstains. PMID- 823292 TI - Medical director's role in the skilled nursing facility. PMID- 823290 TI - Mammalian carbonic anhydrase isozymes: evidence for a third locus. AB - Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes were examined from tissue extracts of sheep, mice, rabbits, and chickens. In addition to the widely distributed and extensively studied B and C isozymes, an additional isozyme (called CA-A) was observed, which was predominantly localized in muscle tissue. Immunochemical studies showed the A isozyme to be homologous with CA-B. Developmental and tissue distribution analyses suggested that a third locus (A) is involved in carbonic anhydrase synthesis in mammals. PMID- 823293 TI - Localization of the motor cells in the spinal cord of Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe). 2. The spinal motor cells in the cervical enlargement for the median, radial, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves. PMID- 823294 TI - Titration of African swine fever (ASF) virus. AB - A haemadsorption microtest for African swine fever (ASF) virus is described. This assay is as sensitive and its response is faster than the conventional assay which uses buffy coat cultures in Leighton tubes. The method can also process a larger number of samples by using smaller amounts of swine blood and laboratory space. A plaque assay for ASF virus adapted to grow in VERO cells gives a titre similar to that obtained using the haemadsorption microtest. In both the micromethod and the plaque assay infection may be produced by a single infective particle. PMID- 823296 TI - Activities of some enzymes involved in homocysteine methylation in brain, liver and kidney of the developing rhesus monkey. PMID- 823295 TI - Isolation and properties of the DNA of African swine fever (ASF) virus. AB - African swine fever (ASF) virus was grown either in swine macrophages or in VERO cells and purified free of cell DNA. Virus DNA was isolated from virions as a molecule with a sedimentation coefficient of 60S and a contour of 58 +/- 3 mum. .these two values give a mol. wt. of 102 +/- 5 X 10(6) and 107 +/- 5 X 10(6), respectively, for the genome of ASF virus. Denatured DNA fragments from ASF virus reassociate with a C0t1/2 value of 0-60 +/- 0-05 MS, which compared with the corresponding value for T4 DNA gives for the molecular mass of ASF virus DNA a value of 102 +/- 8 X 10(6) daltons. Only virus DNA is synthesized ASF virus infected swine macrophages. PMID- 823297 TI - Characterization of hypothalamic subcellular particles containing luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 823298 TI - Enzymatic N-methylation of indoleamines by mammalian brain: fact or artefact? PMID- 823299 TI - The subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase in homogenates of perfused rat brain. PMID- 823300 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of glyco-sphingolipids in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells: characterization and acceptor specificities of N acetylneuraminyl- and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases. PMID- 823301 TI - Oligosaccharide storage in brains from patients with fucosidosis, GM1 gangliosidosis and GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff's disease). PMID- 823302 TI - Organization of monkey superior colliculus: intermediate layer cells discharging before eye movements. AB - 1. We investigated the characteristics of cells in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus that increase their rate of discharge before saccadic eye movements. Eye movements were repeatedly elicited by training rhesus monkeys to fixate on a spot of light and to make saccades to other spots of light when the fixation spot was turned off. 2. The eye movement cells showed consistent variations with their depth within the colliculus. The onset of the cell discharge led the eye movement by less time and the duration of the discharge was shorter as the cell was located closer to the dorsal edge of the intermediate layers. The movements fields (that area of the visual field where a saccade into the area is preceded by a burst of cell discharges) of each successive cell also became smaller as the cells were located more dorsally. The profile of peak discharge frequency remained fairly flat throughout the movement field of the cells regardless of depth of the cell within the colliculus. 3. A new type of eye movement-related cell has been found which usually lies at the border between the superficial and intermediate layers. This cell type, the visually triggered movement cell, increased its rate of discharge before saccades made to a visual stimulus but not before spontaneous saccades of equal amplitude made in the light or the dark. A vigorous discharge of these cells before an eye movement was dependent on the presence of a visual target; the cells seemed to combine the visual input of superficial layer cells and the movement-related input of the intermediate layer cells. The size of the movement fields of these cells were about the same size as the visual fields of superficial layer cells just above them... PMID- 823303 TI - Organization of monkey superior colliculus: enhanced visual response of superficial layer cells. AB - 1. Cells in the superficial layers of monkey superior colliculus respond more vigorously to a spot of light falling in their receptive fields when the monkey uses that spot of light as the target for a saccadic eye movement. Our purpose in these experiments was to investigate the characteristics of this enhancement effect. While monkeys fixated, we determined the response of a cell to a stimulus falling in its receptive field. Then we determined the response of the cell to the same stimulus when the monkey made a saccade to the stimulus or near to it. 2. The enhancement of the visual response is spatially limited. The receptive field of a cell always shows enhancement throughout its extent and frequently shows a slight expansion. Saccades made near to a stimulus in the visual receptive field, but not to it, also lead to an enhancement of that visual stimulus; an area around the excitatory center of the receptive field where such enhancement occurs was referred to as the enhancement field of the cell. An enhanced response in one part of the visual field was not accompanied by depressed responses associated with saccades to other parts of the visual field. 3. The enhancement effect is temporally limited; it begins 200-300 ms before the eye movement, as determined by the increasing response to 50-ms light pulses presented at varying intervals before the eye movement. The degree of enhancement intensifies when the visual stimulus is turned on closer in time to the onset of the saccade. A buildup of the enhancement also occurs on successive trials as does the response of eye movement-related cells in the intermediate layers. 4. The enhancement response is not present in the upper quarter-millimeter of the superficial layers, suggesting that the effect is not present in retinal afferents which terminate primarily in this area of the superficial layers. The enhancement effect is seen throughout the visual field; the foveal area was not tested. 5. In order to determine the relation of the enhancement effect to the monkey's behavioral response, we required the monkey to make a hand response rather than an eye movement-response to the visual stimuli. Cells did not show a clear enhancement with such a hand response. Results of these experiments indicate that the enhancement effect is dependent on the type of response the monkey makes to the stimulus and is probably specifically related to eye movements. Since the enhancement of visual response seems likely to be related specifically to eye movements both on physiological and behavioral grounds, the response-free term "attention" is probably inappropriate for the phenomenon. 6. The hypothesis advanced in the preceding paper that eye movement-related activity from intermediate and deep colliculus layers is directed upward to converge with visually related activity in the superficial layers is extended to include an input from cells in these deeper layers (or their afferents) to the superficial layer cells... PMID- 823304 TI - Enhancement of visual responses in monkey striate cortex and frontal eye fields. AB - 1. We have studied the visual enhancement effect in two areas of the cerebral cortex of monkeys. The response of the cells to a visual stimulus was determined both when the monkey used the visual stimulus as the target for a saccadic eye movement and when he did not. 2. In striate cortex cells with nonoriented, simple, complex, and hypercomplex receptive-field types were studied. Clear enhancement of the response to the appropriate visual stimulus was seldom seen when the monkey used the stimulus as a target for a saccade. In addition, any enhancement effect seen was nonselective; it occurred whether the monkey made a saccade to the receptive-field stimulus or some other stimulus at a point distant from the receptive field. The enhancement also occurred whether the monkey made a saccade to the stimulus or just released the bar when the stimulus dimmed. 3. This nonselective enhancement in striate cortex is in striking contrast to the selective enhancement of the visual response seen in the superior colliculus. The different characteristics of the enhancement in striate cortex and the observation of enhancement in the colliculus following ablation of striate cortex suggest that this cortical area is an unlikely source of the collicular enhancement. 4. These observations reinforce the distinction between striate cortex and superior colliculus. Striate cortex is an excellent analyzer of stimulus characteristics but a poor evaluator of stimulus significance. The superior colliculus is an excellent evaluator but a poor analyzer. 5. The area of frontal eye fields in which cells have clear visual responses has been better localized. Enhancement of the visual response of these cells also occurs and, at least for some cells, the response enhancement is selective. The response enhancement, like the visual properties of these frontal eye field cells, appears to be more closely related to the properties of superior colliculus cells than to striate cortex cells. PMID- 823305 TI - Coding of mechanical stimulus velocity and indentation depth by squirrel monkey and raccoon glabrous skin mechanoreceptors. AB - 1. A sample of 113 large, myelinated first-order afferent fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the squirrel monkey's hand proved to consist primarily of two basic types. In a sample where the only known source of sampling bias is a greater likelihood to record from larger diameter fibers, 40% of the fibers were rapidly adapting (RA) and 60% were very slowly adapting (VSA). Two units were moderately slowly adapting (MSA), and one had the properties of a Pacinian afferent (Pc). 2. The RA and VSA resemble those in the glabrous skin of other mammalian species in terms of thresholds, receptive-field areas, conduction velocities, and the coding of velocity of mechanical displacement of the skin. Mean instantaneous frequency during ramp stimulation is a power function of ramp velocity for both RA and VSA, with exponents generally less than 1.00. However, ramp discharge patterns differ for RA and VSA. 3. The VSA exhibit a wide range of coefficients of variation (CV) of their interspike-interval distributions, but form a continuous distribution with respect to this statistic. In other respects the VSA are more similar to slowly adapting type I than to slowly adapting type II. They lack spontaneous activity, have restricted receptive fields, and are relatively insensitive to skin stretch. 4. Effects of mechanical stimulus velocity and static indentation depth on static discharge rate were examined in 23 squirrel monkey and 22 raccoon SA units having receptive fields on glabrous skin of the hand. 5. Discharge rate during static indentation is a monotonic, increasing function of identation depth. However, the nature of the best-fitting function (highest r) varies from unit to unit. Using a set of standard conditions (milliseconds 100-500 of static displacements up to 960 mum, following a ramp velocity of 100 mum/ms, interstimulus interval of at least 10 s), the ratio of units for which linear, as opposed to logarithmic, functions provided the best fit was 4:3 for squirrel monkeys and 1:3 for raccoons. Few units had power functions as best fits in either species. Differences between fits for different functions within the same unit, however, were often trivial and insignificant. 6. Response rate during static skin displacement is also strongly influenced by prior stimulus ramp velocity. For at least the first 500 ms, discharge rate is positively related to onset velocity but, in many units, within the first 1 s of static displacement, this relationship reverses itself, and the inverse relationship may persist for at least 5 s. PMID- 823306 TI - Use of an extraretinal signal by monkey superior colliculus neurons to distinguish real from self-induced stimulus movement. AB - 1. In order to see whether cells in the superficial layers of the monkey superior colliculus can differentiate between real stimulus movement and self-induced stimulus movement we compared the discharge of these cells to stimulus movement in front of the stationary eye with stimulus movement generated by eye movements across a stationary stimulus. 2. Most of the cells recorded (65% of 231 cells) responded to stimulus velocities in front of the stationary eye as fast as those occurring during the peak velocity of a saccadic eye movement. Those cells that do respond usually have weak inhibitory regions and tend to have receptive fields further from fovea. 3. Move (61% of 105 cells) of the cells that did respond to rapid stimulus movement did not respond when an eye movement swept the receptive field over a stationary stimulus. 4. About half of these cells differentiated between these stimulus conditions when we used stimuli at least 1 log unit above background illumination; the remaining cells differentiated for stimuli 2 and 3 log units above background. Many cells differentiated between the two stimulus conditions over a wide range of directions of movement and the effect appears with about equal frequency in receptive fields at all distances from the fovea. 5. The differentiation is present for most cells even when the background illumination is reduced, indicating that visual factors are not the cause of the effect on these cells but may modify the response of other cells. 6. The suppression of background activity accompanying eye movements in the light is present following eye movements made in total darkness; the suppression, therefore, must result from an extraretinal signal. 4. The failure of these cells to respond to visual stimulation during eye movements is due to the same extraretinal signal that produces the suppression since a) the cells that show this suppression tend to be those that fail to respond to stimuli during eye movements, b) the time course of the suppression matches the time at which the effects of visual stimulation during an eye movement would reach the colliculus, and c) the cells which differentiate also show a decreased responsiveness to visual stimulation during the time of background suppression. While this extraretinal signal has the characteristics one would expect of a corollary discharge, proprioception as a source of the signal cannot be excluded. 8. Cells which differentiate between the two stimulus conditions usually also show an enhanced response to a visual stimulus in their receptive field when it is to be the target for a saccadic eye movement. These cells in the superior colliculus receive an extraretinal input which permits them to differentiate betweent real stimulus movements and stimulus movements resulting from the monkey's own eye movements. This differentiation would provide an uncontaminated visual movement signal and facilitate the detection of real movement in the environment... PMID- 823307 TI - Treatment of experiment delayed cerebral arterial spasm with a beta2-adrenergic stimulator and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. AB - Delayed cerebral arterial spasm was induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage in 11 rhesus monkeys. Ten monkeys (62%) developed spasm. Of seven monkeys treated with salbutamol (a beta2-adrenergic stimulating drug), five had relief of vasospasm. Four monkeys, one of which had failed to respond to salbutamol alone, were treated with salbutamol and aminophylline (a phosphodiesterase-inhibiting drug), and all four were relieved of their vasospasm. When considered as one group, the monkeys had an 81% response rate. The authors suggest that a combination of beta2 adrenergic stimulation and phosphodiesterase-inhibition might be of value in preventing or treating delayed cerebral arterial pressure. PMID- 823308 TI - Brain energetics and circulatory control after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Ischemia-provoking factors such as vasospasm, decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, and intravascular thrombosis may be present after subarchnoid hemorrhage (SAH). When these factors were not present during controlled SAH, a primary depression of cerebral glycolysis associated with normal stores of energy rich phosphates was found. Although cerebral blood flow usually changes in response to changes in cerebral metabolic needs, this influence on the circulation was not evident in the early hours after SAH. After 3 to 4 hours an erratic decrease in blood flow occurred, probably related to vasospasm, and there were measurable decreases in energy-rich phosphates similar to those occurring after more severe and prolonged ischemias. These findings are indicative of abnormally erratic vascular responses to metabolic cues and may play a role in producing the encephalopathy of SAH. PMID- 823309 TI - 99mTc-bioquin-7CA, a potential new hepatobiliary scanning agent. AB - The complex 99mTc-Sn-8-hydroxyquinoline-7-carboxylate (99mTc-bioquin-7CA) was investigated in animals as a potential hepatobiliary scanning agent. Following intravenous injection, the complex was found to localize in the liver rapidly and in the gallbladder in 5--15 min; after 15 min it was excreted into the biliary tract with a high degree of specificity. Urinary excretion was negligible, reducing scan interference from the kidneys. Distribution studies in mice compared well withe localization of activity observed in rabbit scans. Preparation of the complex was rapid and simple; stannous ion was used as the reducing agent. PMID- 823310 TI - Intracellular distribution of phosphate in the underfed rat developing weakness and coma following total parenteral nutrition. AB - Underfed rats infused intravenously with a glucose-amino acid solution at the rate of 390 kcal/kg/day developed a syndrome of muscular weakness, neuropathy, lethargy and precoma or coma associated with severe hypophosphatemia. The movement of phosphate into the cells was studied to determine where it went and into which organic compounds it was incorporated. All but 8% of the labeled phosphate was found in liver, muscle, bone, and carcass residue. Liver cells took up as much phosphate as bone and twice as much as muscle, on weight basis. About 90% of the labeled phosphate entering liver was found in the acid-soluble fraction. The specific activity of liver phosphate increased in the infused underfed rats compared to uninfused underfed rats. Infusion of the underfed rat until signs of the syndrome appeared was associated with a 2.7- to 5-fold increase over the correspondingly infused normal rat in the labeling of glucose-6 phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconate. No increase over the infused normal rat was observed in most of the other sugar phosphate compounds nor in the non-sugar phosphate compounds such as phospholipids, nucleic acids or proteins. he changes in sugar phosphates observed in the underfed rats probably reflect the enzymatic atrophy associated with underfeeding and the consequent inability to respond to the huge glucose load. PMID- 823311 TI - Response to immunized, parenterally nourished rats to challenge infection with the nematode, Trichinella spiralis. AB - Experiments were desinged to test the hypothesis that structural and chemical changes in the small intestine associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) alter relationships between hosts and enteric parasites. Parenteral feeding of rats immunized to Trichinella spiralis (nematoda) led to a decrease in gut mass. This was reflected by a significant drop in gut wet weight and reductions in mucosal dry weight, DNA, protein, carbohydrate and lipid. These changes were accompanied also by lowered brush border enzyme activity. When challenged orally with 8 X 10(3) T. spiralis larvae and switched immediately to oral feeding, more worms became established in the small intestines of these rats than in rats given similar doses of larvae, but maintained by oral feeding throughout the experiment. Despite the significant difference in initial worm burden, both enterally fed and parenterally fed rats completely expelled their parasites by 7 and 8 days postinfection, respectively. Results indicated that factors involved in preventing establishment of T. spiralis in immunized rats were suppressed by the prolonged absence of food from the GI tract, whereas factors responsible for expelling worms that were able to gain residence in the mucosa appeared to be unaltered or at least functionally reversible. PMID- 823312 TI - Effect of malnutrition on cortisol-binding protein in the lens of cynomolgus monkeys. AB - A cortisol-binding protein exists in the lens of cynomolgus monkeys as in other species. The cortisol-binding capacity decreased markedly with a diet either moderately or severely depleted of protein, even if the diet was later changed to a normal diet during infancy. This suggests that malnutrition may cause insufficient synthesis of the important factors controlling the inactivation of steroid hormone in the lens. PMID- 823314 TI - Medical care costs. PMID- 823313 TI - Cromolyn sodium--unauthorized uses. PMID- 823315 TI - Subcortical bone grafting for ridge augmentation. AB - A surgical technique for augmentation of the alveolar ridge, involving horizontal osteotomy in the anterior part of the mandible with insertion of an autogenous bone graft, was studied in monkeys. The technique of closure results in an immediate vestibuloplasty. Results of the study showed a significant improvement in alveolar ridge height with minimal resorptive changes during the experimental period of 50 weeks. The effect of stress on the graft site was not evaluated. However, it is hypothesized that this technique would result in less resorptive changes than in onlay bone grafts because of the subcortical placement of the autogenous bone. PMID- 823316 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Case 17, part 2. Juvenile ossifying fibroma. PMID- 823317 TI - The effect of fat emulsion (Intralipid) on essential fatty acid deficiency in infants receiving intravenous alimentation. AB - Thirteen infants who received IVA in four different ways were studied. The serum fatty acid composition of the infants who received fat-free IVA showed EFA deficiency within 1 wk. This deficiency was cured by administering fat emulsion which accounted for 4% of the total caloric content of the infusate. Fat emulsion which accounted for 2% of the total calories neither improved nor prevented EFA deficiency. This means that intravenous fat emulsion, Intralipid, which accounted for 2% of the total calories as linoleic acid, still satisfies the essential fatty acid requirement. PMID- 823318 TI - Portacaval shunt in siblings for type I glycogenosis. AB - The paper reports two siblings with type I glycogenosis, presenting supportive laboratory data before and after 1 mo of central venous nutrition and later after surgical portal diversion. Both children dramatically improved with central venous nutrition, allowing safe and technically easy portacaval shunts to be constructed. Their smooth postoperative courses are documented. Currently, both patients are at home pursuing relatively normal lives. PMID- 823319 TI - Primate model for testing periodontal treatment procedures: II. Production of contralaterally similar lesions. AB - Experimental periodontal pockets were produced bilaterally in four Rhesus monkeys. The pockets were analyzed histometrically and the resultant data were subjected to statistical analysis. There were but few significant differences between pockets on contralateral tooth surfaces, and in each case, the magnitudes of the observed differences were so small as to be of no biological significance. The use of this model system for future studies on periodontal treatment was discussed. It was shown that by utilizing only two monkeys, the model system can discern treatment effects on the measurable parameters of as little as 0.3 mm. PMID- 823320 TI - [Reactions of 4-amino-or 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and their related compounds with POC13 (author's transl)]. PMID- 823321 TI - Vapor pressure of nitroglycerin in sublingual molded tablets: implications for stability. AB - To understand nitroglycerin intertablet migration, vapor pressures of nitroglycerin in tablets were measured using a modified gravimetric Knudsen effusion technique. To supplement the vapor pressure data, adsorption isotherms at 296 degrees K were determined, and tablets were studied by scanning electron microscopy. For conventional tablets (i.e., tablets without stabilizing additives such as polyethylene glycol 400), the nitroglycerin vapor pressure in a tablet is within about 10% of that for pure liquid nitroglycerin, provided the potency is greater than 0.3 mg. Significant capillary condensation in tablets at relative vapor pressures close to unity is demonstrated. Stabilizing additives lower the vapor pressure of nitroglycerin, the magnitude of the effect depending on both the nature of the additive and the additive-nitroglycerin weight ratio. The mechanism of intertablet migration involves capillary condensation. Vapor pressure reduction of about 15%, achieved through the use of an additive, appears sufficient to prevent significant intertablet migration. PMID- 823322 TI - Knudsen vapor pressure measurements on pure materials and solutions dispersed in porous media: molded nitroglycerin tablets. AB - The gravimetric Knudsen method for vapor pressure measurement may be subject to serious systematic errors when the sample: (a) consists of the volatile component dispersed in an inert porous matrix and/or (b) contains a dissolved polymeric solute. Vaporization of water present as an impurity in the matrix may result in an appreciable "background" mass loss, and "nonequilibrium effects" may be present; i.e., The vapor of interest may be unable to escape from the sample rapidly enough to maintain the equilibrium vapor pressure in the Knudsen cell. Methods for eliminating the interference due to background effects are described, and a theoretical analysis of nonequilibrium effects is presented. The essential validity of the theories for nonequilibrium effects and the effectiveness of the methods for circumventing background effects were verified by experimental studies with molded nitroglycerin tablets. With nitroglycerin tablets, accurate Knudsen vapor pressure data may be obtained using the modified procedures and data analysis presented in this report. PMID- 823323 TI - Stimulation of 45Ca2+ efflux from rat pituitary by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and other pituitary stimulants. AB - 1. Rat anterior pituitaries were incubated in medium containing 45Ca2+, superfused with non-radioactive medium and the efflux of 45Ca2+ studied. 2. When pituitaries from overiectomized rats were used the addition of LH-RH to the medium at a time when slow exponential efflux of Ca2+ was occurring produced a transient increase in 45Ca2+ efflux simultaneous with or before an increased release of LH. The stimulation of both 45Ca2+ efflux and LH release showed a similar concentration dependence on LH-RH. 3. Increasing the K+ concentration of the medium tenfold also stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux and LH release. The response to LH-RH of both parameters was reduced by superfusion with calcium-free medium. 4. LH-RH induced only a small increase in pituitary 45Ca2+ efflux when intact or thyroidectomized male rats were used. TRH increased 45Ca2+ efflux from thyroidectomized rat pituitaries but had only a small effect when pituitaries from intact or ovariectomized rats were studied. 5. Pretreatment of ovariectomized rats with oestradiol inhibited the subsequent increase in 45Ca2+ efflux induced by LH-RH. 6. It is concluded that the secretagogue induced increase in 45Ca2+ efflux results from an increase in cellular Ca2+ activity which is presumably active in stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 823324 TI - Comparative biologic responses to various methyl methacrylate bone substitutes. AB - Four methyl methacrylate bone substitutes were investigated in bilateral multiple bone defects in the femurs of five rhesus monkeys and five mongrel dogs. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postoperatively. On the basis of clinical, radiologic, and histologic examination, the Cranioplast evoked the least severe inflammatory response ans was the best biologic bone substitute when compared to Adaptic, Sevitron, and Lucitone. PMID- 823325 TI - Expectation of rewards and emotional behavior in monkeys. PMID- 823326 TI - Cyclic changes in chloroplast structure in synchronized Euglena gracilis. AB - In populations of Euglena gracilis strain Z synchronized by cultivation on a repetitive light-dark cycle, chloroplasts undergo cyclic changes in strucutre. During most of the light period chloroplasts are relatively compact with closely appressed lamellae; during the dark (division) period the chloroplasts become quite distended. This change persists for at least one cycle even when the cells are left in continuous light, suggesting that the periodicity may be related more to the age of the cell than to a direct effect of light. In addition, the pyrenoid in synchronized cells has a transient existence, being present only in the first half of the light period. PMID- 823327 TI - Loss of stages after continuous passage of Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni. AB - Toxoplasma gondii, passed from mouse to mouse in the tachyzoite stage for 30-35 generations, developed cysts, which when fed to cats, failed to produce oocysts. Besnoitia jellisoni, passed similarly for 20 generations, lost the capacity to form cysts. These phenomena are explained by a loss of genomes or gene products during the rapid passage selecting for tachyzoites. PMID- 823328 TI - Ultrastructural study of Plasmodium knowlesi antigen used in vaccination of rhesus monkeys. AB - Material from various steps obtained in the French pressure cell technic of preparing antigen from Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red cells, was examined by elctron microscopy. A positively charged colloidal iron solution was used to differentiate between membranes of host red cells and parasites. Red cell membranes take the stain, wheras parasite membranes do not. This antigen which has been used previously to protect monkeys against P. knowlesi appears to consist almost entirely of membrane-bounded vesicles. Some of these vesicles contain a fine granular material, whereas others appear empty. The antigen failed to stain with the positively charged iron solution, which suggests that it is free of contamination by host cell membrane. PMID- 823329 TI - The molecular biology of Euglena gracilis. X. Amino acid composition of protein. AB - Cells of Euglena gracilis strain Z were extracted with trichloroacetic acid. Samples of gross cellular protein were hydrolyzed by a variety of reagents. Amino acids released by these procedures were analyzed and the overall composition of cell protein was quantitatively determined. PMID- 823330 TI - Isolation and identification of specific cortical proteins in Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL. AB - Pellicles of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL (phenoset A) were isolated by a new procedure. Oral apparatuses also purified by a modification of a pervious method. Both preparations were characterized by electron microsocpy. Proteins of the isolates were separated by analytical SDD polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated pellicles, which included oral apparatuses, contained only 6 major proteins (gel bands), designated A through F. Bands A, B, and C, were found in the pellicle fraction, but not in the oral apparatus fraction. Therefore, these proteins are believed to be present in the somatic cortex of Tetrahymena. Bands D and E were greatly enriched in the oral apparatus fraction; these proteins are therefore believed to be present primarily in the oral apparatus. Band F, identified as tubulin, was present in both preparations. Molecular weight determinations and some selective solubilization experiments are also presented. PMID- 823331 TI - The uptake of pyrimidine nucleosides in Tetrahymena. I. Uridine. AB - Uridine uptake was examined in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-7 in defined medium under conditions where food vacuole formation is not a significant factor in solute acquisition by the cell. The results indicate the presence of a saturable mechanism which follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. When corrected for diffusion the apparent Km for the carrier is 2.3 +/- 0.6 muM and the Vmax is 7.3 +/- 0.2 X 10(-7) nmoles/cell/min. It is evident from nucleotide pool analysis that most of the radioactivity of externally supplied [3H]uridine appears in UMP with the remainder in UTP. Uridine is apparently phosphorylated immediately upon entry into the cell and neither uridine-cytidine kinase activity nor RNA synthesis are rate-limiting in the uptake process. Uridine transport is competitively inhibited by a variety of ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides as well as several nucleoside analogs. Neither uracil nor ribose or deoxyribose are effective inhibitors of uridine transport indicating the carrier is specific for the nucleoside. There is little difference between the Ki values for ribo- as opposed to deoxyribonucleosides except in the case of deoxyguanosine which is much less effective as an inhibitor under the conditions of this study, than all the other nucleosides, including guanosine. PMID- 823332 TI - Inhibition of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase and of glyconeogenesis in Tetrahymena by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid. AB - Tetrahymena grown overnight in deep cultures were incubated for 1 hr with [1 14C]labeled substrates in the presence or absence of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3MPA). 3-MPA inhibited appearance of label in glycogen from bicarbonate, acetate, pentanoate, octanoate, and succinate, but not from glycerol or glucose. In vitro assays of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity showed that both enzymes were about equally distributed between the particulate and cytosol fractions. 3-MPA inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from both the cytoplasmic and particulate fractions, but had no effect on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from either location. These results suggest that the in vivo effects of this drug are due to inhibition of glyconeogenesis at this site. PMID- 823333 TI - Effect of HCG on testicular function in juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 823334 TI - Conversion of N-alkylaminobenzophenones to benzodiazepines in vivo. AB - The results of this study suggest that 5-chloro-2-[3-methyl-5 (dimethylamino)methyltriazol-4-yl]benzophenone can undergo N-dealkylation and ring closure in vivo to form the corresponding benzodiazepine. The in vivo conversion was found to occur in mice, rats, and monkeys. A variety of substituted aminobenzophenone compounds were also able to undergo these conversions. The conversions to benzodiazepines were confirmed by a comparison of retention times on a gas chromatograph as well as through the use of a GC-mass spectrometer. The results obtained did not prove that the N alkylaminobenzophenones were devoid of activity, but they do suggest that their observed pharmacological activity may be due to the formation of the corresponding benzodiazepines. PMID- 823335 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of substituted 5,6-dihydro-5-nitrouracils. AB - Reaction of 5-nitrouracil derivatives with sodium borohydride in methanol-water, followed by neutralization of the product with acid, has produced 5,6-dihydro-5 nitrouracil (5) 5,6-dihydro-6-dihydro-6-methyl-5-nitrouracil (7), 5,6-dihydro-5 nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)uracil (10), and 5,6-dihydro-5-nitro-1(beta-D ribofuranuronic acid ethyl ester)uracil (12). In assays for antimicrobial activity using strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, significant inhibition of growth was not found. PMID- 823336 TI - "Side" effects: a misnomer. AB - The tragic results for the babies of patients prescribed thalidomide, although they can indeed be termed "side" effects, hardly warrant so slight an epithet, and Dr Joyce in his paper would like the term to be dropped in favour of "additional" effects of drugs. Despite extensive clinical trials before drugs are put before the prescribing doctor, side effects cannot be entirely anticipated or eliminated, and indeed many are not harmful. However, it is important, Dr Joyce argues, for information to the doctor from the patient and from the doctor to the manufacturer to be collected and evaluated. Only in this way can effects of drugs other than those intended be drawn to the notice of the manufacturer. The commentary by two practising physicians emphasizes the ambiguities in the descriptive literature accompanying a new drug. Dr Herxheimer and Dr Higgs would like to see some sort of panel to be established to reassess drugs in the light of observations on their effects and "side" effects on patients, a task which the existing Committee on Safety of Medicines could not at the moment undertake. A medical need for a new drug should be established before it is manufactured, let alone offered to the general practitioner. PMID- 823337 TI - U.S. health manpower policy: will the benefits justify the costs? AB - The United States is now training and importing new physicians at a rate that will increase the ratio of physicians-to-population by nearly 50 percent over the next 25 years. Similar increases in the supply of other health manpower will also result from current enrollment levels. The added costs associated with these increased health-manpower-to-population ratios will equivalent to diverting another 4 percent of more of GNP--roughly $50 billion annually in today's frame of reference--from other purposes into health care. But only marginal, if any, improvements in the overall health of the American people are likely to result. Therefore, current policies need to be reexamined and serious consideration given to reducing the rates at which the health manpower pool is increasing. PMID- 823338 TI - Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, amiloride, vasopressin, and ouabain on active conductance and ENa in the toad bladder. AB - The effects of various agents on active sodium transport were studied in the toad bladder in terms of the equivalent circuit comprising an active conductance Ka, an electromotive force ENa, and a parallel passive conductance Kp. For agents which affect Ka, but not ENa or Kp, the inverse slope of the plot of total conductance K against short-circuit current IO evaluates ENa, and the intercept represents Kp. Studies employing 5 X 10(-7) M amiloride to depress Ka indicate a changing ENa, invalidating the use of the slope technique with this agent. An alternative suitable technique employs 10(-5) M amiloride, which reduces IO reversibly to near zero without effect on Kp. Despite curvilinearity of the K-IO plot under these conditions, Kp may therefore be estimated fairly precisely from the residual conductance. It then becomes possible to follow the dynamic behavior of Ka and ENa (in the absence of 10(-5) M amiloride) by frequent measurements of K and IO, utilizing the relationships Ka=K-Kp, and ENa=IO/(K-Kp). 2-deoxy-D glucose (7.5 X 10(-3)M) depressed both Ka and ENa. All of the above effects were noted promptly; Kp was unaffected. The "electromotive force of Na transport" ENa appears not to be a pure energetic parameter, but to relfect kinetic factors as well, in accordance with thermodynamic considerations. PMID- 823339 TI - Sodium transport by the colon of Bufo marinus: Na uptake across the mucosal border. AB - Na transport by the isolated toad colon has been studied by measuring transmural Na fluxes and by direct measurement of the Na influx across the mucosal border. Net Na transport accounts for 88% of the short circuit current in the presence and in the absence of exogenous aldosterone. Na influx across the mucosal border appears to consist of two components. One component is highly correlated with short circuit current, is a saturable function of mucosal Na concentration, and is inhibited by lithium ions in the mucosal medium. The second component is a linear function of mucosal Na concentration, is unaffected by lithium, and is apparently not related to net Na transport by the tissue. PMID- 823340 TI - Cross-linking of initiation factor IF3 to proteins of the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 823341 TI - Fractionation of RNA from tetahymena by affinity chromatography on poly-U Sepharose. AB - Exponential growing Tetrahymena pyriformis organisms were labelled with (3H) uridine or (3H) adenosine. The labelled RNA was extracted and isolated by affinity chromatography on poly-uridylic-acid sepharose and further analysed by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation and RNase digestion. Experimental evidence proved the existence of RNase resistant poly adenylic-acid fragments in the RNA of Tetrahymena cells. This poly adenylic-acid segment has a sedimentation rate of 4-5 S and would be localised in the 10-12S region of the RNA which is probably the m-RNA. PMID- 823342 TI - Sequence characterization of 5S ribosomal RNA from eight gram positive procaryotes. AB - The available comparative data on procaryotic 5S rRNA was extended through sequencing studies of eight gram positive procaryotes. Complete nucleotide sequences were presented for 5S rRNA from Bacillus subtilis, B. firmus, B. pasteurii, B. brevis, Lactobacillus brevis and Streptococcus faecalis. In addition, 5S rRNA oligonucleotide catalogs and partial sequence data were provided for B. cereus and Sporosarcina ureae. These sequences and catalogs were discussed in terms of known features of procaryotic 5S rRNA architecture. PMID- 823343 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of the hypernephroid carcinoma of the kidneys (author's transl)]. AB - The nowadays best treatment of the hypernephroid carcinoma of the kidneys is the radical tumornephrectomy with following supervoltage-radiation. Recently before any surgical treatment a short radiation with a dose of 1 500 up to 2 000 R is recommended. Hereby a preoperative devitalization of tumor-cells should be achieved. An application of cytostatica would be useless. Sometimes in generalized cancers a recession of the metastases and a stagnation of the growth of the tumor for a long time can be achieved by the application of gestagens. The statistical analysis of results won in a clinic or by some defined modalities of treatment respectively the comparison of these results with the ones won by other authors is rather difficult. This would demand comparable collectives of patients. With the relative rarity of kidney cancers this would be only possible if many clinics would co-operate on a national and international base and if the modalities of treatment were equal. Not before the question for the best therapy of the hypernephroid carcinoma of the kidneys can be answered. PMID- 823344 TI - Chemoprophylaxis against Neisseria Meningitidis. The role of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 823345 TI - New application for old drug. PMID- 823347 TI - [A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with anti-D specificity in an infant]. PMID- 823346 TI - A simplified approach to meningococcal disease prophylaxis. PMID- 823348 TI - [An autopsy case of atypical leukemia occurring during thio-Tepa administration]. PMID- 823349 TI - [On the cell surface markers of lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 823350 TI - [Origin of the standing position in man and studies of the foot]. PMID- 823351 TI - [Carbonic anhydrase quantity of tuberculous subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 823352 TI - [Lateral pharyngeal diverticulum and similar diseases]. PMID- 823354 TI - Microorganisms responsible for controlling the populations of Escherichia coli and enterococcus and the consistency of cecal contents in the chicken. AB - A study was made to clarify what kinds of intestinal organisms might be responsible for controlling the populations of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens in the cecum and the consistency of the cecal of chickens. Germ-free chickens were inoculated orally with various mixtures of bacterial cultures alone or in combination, different dilutions of the cecal contents of chickens, different dilutions of the cecal contents treated by healing or with chloroform, the supernatant of diluted cecal contents, and dilutions of human feces. Factors controlling the E. Coli populations, enterococcal populations, and consistency of the cecal contents were shown to be independent of one another. The ecosystem controlling the E. coli or enterscoccal population was more complex than that controlling the consistency of the cecal contents. The former was composed of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria isolated and heat- or chloroform-resistance organisms, and the latter of heat- or chloroform-resistance alone, which were inferred not to prevailing in the cecal contents of chickens. Discussion is made on ecological systems controlling flora. PMID- 823353 TI - Separation of a water-soluble adjuvant (MAF3) from delipidated cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B by hydrogenolysis and gel filtration. AB - A water-extract from hydrogenolyzed cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B was separated into four portions (F-1 to F-4 fractions) by gel filtration with a Sephadex G-100 column. The third peak (called MAF3) eluted from the column was the most adjuvant-active fraction. The molecular weight determined by gel filtration was around 16 000 daltons. MAF3 consisted of heteropolymer(s) composed of approximately 76 to 79% neutral sugars (Ara, Gal, Man, and Glc) and 19% mucopeptide (MurN, GlcN, Glu, Ala, Dpm, Gly, Asp, Thr, Ser, Leu, Lys, Arg, His, Pro, Tyr, and Phe). The adjuvanticities of MAF3 and other fractions in water in-oil emulsion were estimated by the enhancing effect on immune response to egg albumin (EA) in guinea pigs. MAF3 stimulated the production of humoral antibodies, particularly IgG2 antibody specific to the antigen, and induced delayed type hypersensitivity against EA in the skin and cornea of antigen-primed guinea pigs. These adjuvanticities of MAF3 were similar to the characteristics of mycobacterial cell wall in Freund's complete adjuvant. PMID- 823355 TI - Effect of clipping the coat of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) on the thermoregulatory responses. AB - Effect of clipping the coat of the Japanese macaque on thermoregulatory responses was studied. Heat production was significantly increased in clipped animals in comparison without clipped coats at ambient temperatures ranging from 5 to 25 degrees C. At ambient temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 degrees C tissue thermal conductance and cooling constant were significantly higher in clipped animals. Clipped animals could maintain thermal equilibrium at an ambient temperature of 5 degrees C, conpensating for the increase of heat loss by elevating heat production markedly. PMID- 823356 TI - [Macroglobulinemia accompanied with pleuropulmonary lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 823357 TI - [Cell kinetics of the bladder carcinoma. II. Effects of thio-TEPA on proliferative kinetics of the cultured human bladder carcinoma cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 823358 TI - Osmotic control of prolactin release and its effect on renal water excretion in man. AB - Prolactin appears to play a role in osmoregulation of fishes and birds and a possible contribution of this hormone to the regulation of salt and water excretion in mammals has been suggested as well. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the role of osmotic pressure on the secretion of prolactin and the effect of the hormone on renal water excretion in man. The i.v. administration of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (7 mug/kg) to five subjects undergoing a maximal sustained water diuresis increased serum prolactin to supraphysiologic levels in all as mean concentration rose from 30.2 +/- 2.9 to 60.2 +/- 5.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.005). This increase was not associated with either significant alterations in renal hemodynamics or sodium excretion and water excretion. The osmoregulation of prolactin release was then investigated by the oral administration of 20 ml/kg of water to seven subjects in 11 studies. While the water load decreased serum osmolality from 293 +/- 285 +/- 1.5 mOsm/kg H2O (P less than 0.001), there was no significant change in prolactin level, 28+/- 1.8 to 30 +/- 2.4 ng/ml. Serum hypertonicity was achieved in six subjects with the infusion of 5% NaCl which increased serum osmolality from 287 +/- 1.8 to 298 +/- 1.4 mOsm/kg (P less than 0.001). While the hypertonic state caused a marked antidiuresis as urinary osmolality rose from 62 +/- 5.9 to 480 +/ 48 mOsm/kg (P less than 0.001), the concentration of prolactin remained unchanged at 28 ng/ml. We conclude that supraphysiologic levels of prolactin have no antidiuretic properties in a vasopressin-free state and that acute alterations in serum tonicity within the range observed do not affect the release of prolactin in man. PMID- 823359 TI - [Use of polymers in esophageal surgery]. PMID- 823360 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of diverticula of the digestive tract]. PMID- 823361 TI - [Surgical correction of pathological states after operations on the biliary tract]. PMID- 823362 TI - [Ocular changes in Anderson-Fabry disease]. PMID- 823363 TI - [Acquired internal hydrocephalus complicating mumps meningo-encephalitis (author's transl)]. AB - A 6 1/2 years old girl is reported who developed internal hydrocephalus due to an occlusion of the rostral aquaeduct, 2 1/2 months after epidemic parotitis. Epileptic reactions of focal origin occurred during the clinical cause, the implications of this special event and pathogenetic aspects of mumps-meningo encephalitis are discussed, recent advances in experimental animals are included. PMID- 823364 TI - [Changes in liver dynamics under the influence of nitroglycerin, papaverine and euphylline according to rheographic findings]. PMID- 823365 TI - [Changes in the spleen and other organs caused by intravenous administration of intralipid]. PMID- 823366 TI - Skeletal development in the foetal and neonatal marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Qualitative and quantitative measurements of skeletal development were performed on foetal marmosets in utero and on fixed specimens of both foetuses and neonates. The sequence of skeletal changes may be used to assess developmental status and the prenatal growth of the marmoset is compared with that of other primate species. PMID- 823367 TI - Failure of commercially prepared isoniazid diet to produce isoniazid serum concentrations in rhesus monkeys. AB - A comparison was made of serum isoniazid concentrations and the time course of isoniazid elimination in rhesus monkeys given the drug im, orally on sugar cubes, or in a commercially medicated diet. When the drug was administered orally on sugar cubes or im, peak serum concentrations were usually reached within 2 hr. A threefold individual variation in the rate of elimination was noted, and in most animals the serum concentration at 6 hr approached zero. Isoniazid was not detected in the serum of any animal receiving the commercially medicated diet. Others using this medicated food in their tuberculosis prophylaxis programs should be aware that the diet probably does not provide therapeutically effective dosage to the animals. PMID- 823368 TI - Effects of anticoagulants on packed cell volume measurement. AB - A comparison was made of different types of anticoagulants on packed cell volume determinations of canine, feline, rabbit, and human blood. It was found that the use of excessive amounts of anticoagulant alters the packed cell volume when measured by the standard centrifuge method. It was also found that the results vary significantly when different anticoagulants are used. The effects are not seen when the packed cell volume is indirectly measured using an electronic cell counter. A balanced combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts ameliorates the concentration-dependent effects. PMID- 823369 TI - Environmental monitoring in a laboratory animal facility. AB - A study was made of the microbial environmental status of an animal facility. Cultures were made of animal and surgical room floors; the germicidal effectiveness of the phenolic disinfectant-detergent employed in the facility was tested against standard test organisms as well as against other microorganisms isolated from the facility, and killing power of the disinfectant-detergent was evaluated during various steps of the usual cleaning procedures, ie, mops and mop bucket solutions were tested before, during, and after mopping a room. It was found that colony counts for animal rooms cleaned with a chlorhexidine disinfectant were much lower than those cleaned with a phenolic disinfectant. The phenolic disinfectant killed some organisms after 10 min exposure, but no others. Pseudomonads were the most resistant organisms. Contaminated mops and mop bucket solutions appeared responsible for the high counts on floors cleaned with the phenolic disinfectant. Guidelines for achievable levels of cleanliness were suggested. PMID- 823370 TI - Severe polyarthritis in a rhesus monkey: suggested Mycoplasma etiology. AB - A female juvenile rhesus monkey experienced a 3-wk period of vague lameness and limb disuse, followed by a severe attack of acute polyarthritis resulting in marked radiographic changes. The acute condition lasted about 3 wk and was followed by a chronic but active condition lasting another 13 mo until the animal was killed. Although a causative organism was not isolated, serologic and clinical laboratory data and histopathologic results were presented which suggest a diagnosis of mycoplasma polyarthritis. PMID- 823371 TI - Obstructive gastric foreign body in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Weight loss and depression were the principal signs in a case of obstructive gastric foreign body resulting from the ingestion of pine wood fragments by a rhesus monkey. This was the second case of its kind to occur in a short period. Replacement of the monkeys' pine wood resting platforms with platforms made of oak eliminated the problem. PMID- 823372 TI - A simple restraining device for use with neonatal and small nonhuman primates. AB - A simple and inexpensive restraining device was designed for use with neonatal and small nonhuman primates weighing less than 2 kg. With this device a technician working alone can collect blood samples, fecal or vaginal smears, nasal or oral swabs, or perform a variety of routine procedures including physical examination and administration of medication. PMID- 823373 TI - A chest harness and pole-leash for routine transfer of rhesus monkeys from home cage to behavioral test apparatus and back. AB - A chest harness and pole-leash method to transfer rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) weighing up to 16 kg from home cage to primate restraint chair was designed. The harness was made of leather straps that crossed the chest in an X-fashion, and created a V-neck. The V-neck eliminated the strangulation hazard of neck collars, and minimized interference between the harness and neck hole of restraint chairs. Two pole-leashes attached to 2 points on the harness gave the handler considerable control over the posture of the monkey, making it easier to teach the monkey to walk with a leash and to climb into its restraint chair or test apparatus. During transfer the rigid pole prevented escape and protected the handler from attack. Quick release mechanisms on the pole-leash allowed prompt, complete separation from the animal when it re-entered its home cage. PMID- 823374 TI - A miniature, readily available electrode pedestal for recording cerebral and other electrophysiological activity from several species. AB - A miniature, commercially available electrode pedestal with prewired and prenumbered leads was designed. It possesses long-term electrical reliability and can be applied to a wide range of animal species. It can be easily modified to record electroencephalograms, evoked responses, and related physiological measurements. The device is relatively small, with keyed and lock-down parts, and is resistant to damage. PMID- 823375 TI - Abortion and cannibalism in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) associated with experimental protein deficiency during gestation. PMID- 823376 TI - A cutter for an Ouchterlony plate used in gel double diffusion experiments. PMID- 823377 TI - Epilepsy and other seizure disorders in children: drug management. PMID- 823378 TI - Caesarean section in the Java monkey (Macaca irus)--a case report. PMID- 823379 TI - Neonatal gastric perforation. PMID- 823380 TI - Application of biomedical and behavioral technology to health care. PMID- 823381 TI - Considerations in the development of artificial heart valve substitutes for use in infants in small children. AB - Experimental studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that it is possible to develop a family of stent-supported tissue valve substitutes suitable for use in tissue and annuli of the hearts of small children in tissue annulus sizes ranging from 12 to 22 mm. Either glutaraldehyde-preserved, stent-supported primate tissue aortic valves or tissue leaflet valves constructed from dura mater preserved in 98 per cent glycerine can be used. In both instances, hemodynamics assessment of the valve substitutes in a mock circulation indicated that function was acceptable at the cardiac outputs normal for infants and children during the first few years of life. Stent-supported dura mater valves 16 nm. in diameter have been used to replace the mitral valve in 2 infants 7 and 8 months of age with complete atrioventricular canal defects and mitral regurgitation, one of whom survives with demonstratable satisfactory hemodynamic function of the valve substitute. PMID- 823382 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in infants and children. AB - The current literature on pediatric parenteral alimentation, including some of its newer modifications, was reviewed. In light of this review, a 1-year experience with 20 patients on the pediatric surgical service of the Mayo Clinic who received total parenteral nutrition for a variety of life-threatening problems is reported. Our data confirm that premature infants, infants with intractable diarrhea, and both infants and adolescents with surgical problems precluding enteral feeding can be given sufficient parenteral kilocalories to regain lost weight and continue to grow, and that this can be done with a minimal rate of complications. PMID- 823383 TI - Interactions between ageing and inbreeding effects on development of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. AB - Ageing and brother-sister inbreeding effects were studied simultaneously during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Egg hatchability and adult emergence were investigated in relation to age of females laying the eggs and the age of the parents of these females. Each couple was followed individually. The effects of parental age varied according to the mating system used. Both hatchability and emergency of inbred eggs were affected by ageing. This indicates that parental constitution can influence early and later stages of development. Control of embryonic and larvo-pupal developments may involve processes perturbed by both ageing and inbreeding. Thus, information related to the genetic control system of development varies with the age of the flies and of their parents and consequently modulates the inbreeding effects. It is postulated that inbreeding and ageing may both involve cytoplasmic-genome interactions implicated in the control of embryogenesis. PMID- 823384 TI - Effects of temperature on the life span, vitality and fine structure of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effects of temperature on the aging process have been investigated in approximately 3500 imagoes of male Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R), with focus on the following parameters: mortality, O2 utilization, vitality (as expressed by negative geotaxis and mating) and fine structural alterations in the abdominal organs and brain. The data on mortality kinetics of flies maintained continuously at 18 degrees, 21 degrees, 27 degrees or 30 degrees C or exposed in succession to 21 degrees and 27 degrees C or vice versa support the concept that life span is temperature dependent. Moreover, these data, together with the increased O2 utilization and accelerated loss of vitality at 21 degrees C as compared with 18 degrees C, suggest that, in agreement with the rate-of-living theory proposed by Alpatov and Pearl in 1929, the flies are living faster at the higher temperature. Fine structural aging changes, like ribosomal loss in the Malpighian tubules and lipofuscin-ceroid accumulation in the midgut cells, seem to be more intense at 27 degrees and at 29 degrees C than at 21 degrees C. Also, the low vitality exhibited through their lives by flies kept at previous exposure through many generations) to 21 degrees C. Flies maintained at 29 degrees C showed a striking degeneration of the brain with an almost complete loss of the cytoplasmic organelles of the nerve cells. This electron microscopic finding lends support to the view that nervous tissue injury (perhaps induced by thermal denaturation of membrane lipoproteins) may play a crucial role in life shortening induced by relatively high temperatures. PMID- 823385 TI - Thermodynamics of aging in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The data on mortality kinetics and decline in functions reported in the preceding article are used to calculate temperature coefficients for the aging process(es) in Drosophila. Different values are found, according to the model chosen to account for the mortality kinetics. The respective implications of three equally suitable models are discussed. Thus, organization parameters on two different levels can be identified: rates of changes assumed to occur at the elementary molecular level, and redundancy factors at a more integrated level. Their temperature coefficients are compared with those of protein denaturations and lipid peroxidation pigment accumulation. It is suggested that elementary molecular processes responsible for aging can indeed be protein denaturations, whereas the known lipid peroxidation pigment accumulation is more likely to be a secondary effect, resulting from a failure of the overall cellular organization at a more integrated, supramolecular, level. PMID- 823386 TI - Home health cost effectiveness: what are we measuring? AB - Home health care has been the subject of a long and continuing debate; little agreement exists on the goals and purposes of that care, the kinds of population groups it should serve, or the costs and benefits to be expected. Since little conceptual groundwork has been laid regarding the objectives of home health care, no determinations have been made of what equivalent levels of care in other settings home health care should be compared with. This paper established the conceptual framework for various types of home health care, including that funded by Medicare and Medicaid, and relates cost effectiveness studies and discussions to that framework. In this way, it is possible to make statements and pose some hypotheses regarding cost effectiveness. PMID- 823388 TI - [Treatment of reflux esophagitis by infusion of aluminium hydroxyd gel through an esophageal tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 823387 TI - [To be on the waiting list for open heart surgery. A medical, psychological and economical analysis]. PMID- 823390 TI - [10-year experience in combined treatment of tumors of the central nervous system by using fast electrons]. PMID- 823389 TI - An animal behavior model for studying central serotonergic synapses. PMID- 823391 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels in preoperative irradiation of patients with colonic cancer]. PMID- 823393 TI - The cost of mental illness, 1974. PMID- 823392 TI - [Association between cardiomyopathy and positive serology for American trypanosomiasis in an area of Argentina endemic for Chagas' disease]. PMID- 823394 TI - Human alveolar basement membrane. Chemical and immunologic comparisons with glomerular basement membrane and trophoblast basement membrane. PMID- 823396 TI - [Antiblastic properties of penicilli. I. The comparative activity of penicilli in relation to Staphylococcus aureus 209 UF3 and Bacillus megaterium H]. PMID- 823395 TI - [Antiviral properties of the pigments from bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 823397 TI - [Phagocytic immunity in white mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced sepsis treated with gentamicin and pentoxyl]. PMID- 823398 TI - The distinction between absence petit mal and psychomotor seizures. AB - A brief discussion of the manifestations of limbic lobe discharge as opposed to discharge in neocortical temporal lobe structures is given. The opinion is expressed that, apart from certain characteristic limbic auras, the manifestations of psychomotor epilepsy are those of inactivation of brain stem mechanisms subserving consciousness. A brief discussion of other manifestations of inactivation of brain stem mechanisms subserving various other functions, as seen in other clinical patterns of epileptic discharge, follows. Hippocampal sclerosis is put forth as the cause rather than the result of seizures in both the juvenile and the adult age groups. It is proposed that limbic lobe structures have a low threshold for initiating epileptic discharge when injured, are predisposed to injury and give rise to discharge which has preferential access to brain stem structures. It is stated that petit mal absences and psychomotor attacks are clinically indistinguishable. The further opinion is expressed that the 3 per second wave and spike EEG pattern associated with petit mal is an epiphenomenon dependent upon the maturational stage of development of the brain at the time when the causative lesion responsible for epilepsy is acquired. The view that the 3 per second wave and spike pattern is a direct correlate of the clinical manifestations of epilepsy, in those patients who show this pattern, is challenged. It is concluded that the pattern is the result of rostral brain stem discharge acting upon the cortex. The view is offered that two factors are necessary for the development of epilepsy: (1) an adequate pathological basis in the form of a cerebral lesion and (2) a greater or lesser predisposition toward inadequate biochemical mechanisms tending to check or control the spread of seizure discharge, the latter being in all probability at least partially genetically determined. It is concluded that triggering cortical foci exist in nearly all cases of epilepsy, though the participation of brain stem structures is essential to explain many of the clinical and EEG manifestations of the attack. PMID- 823400 TI - The ribosomes of Drosophila. IV. Electrophoretic identify among ribosomal subunit proteins from wild type and mutant D. melanogaster and D. simulans. AB - One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed to characterize and compare ribosomal subunit proteins from wild-type D. melanogaster and several mutants, including suppressor-of-forked and four X-linked cold sensitive lethals. The sibling species D. simulans was also studied. We found the electropherogram patterns indistinguishable in all cases. PMID- 823399 TI - [Increased serum transaminase-values in intrauterine fetal death due to Rh incompatibility. Report of a case]. PMID- 823404 TI - Effect of hypoxia on FM 100-Hue test performance. PMID- 823403 TI - Missing colours (fehlfarben) of deuteranopes and extreme deuteranomalous observers. AB - The directions of lacking colur discrimination (Fehlfarben) were determined within the framework of the three-dimensional colour space for four deuteranopes and two extreme deuteranomalous observers. RESULTS: (a) intra-individually, there is no significant correlation between the slope of the isochromatic lines and hue; (b) inter-individually, their Fehlfarben, respective their copunctual points, do not appear to stem from one population; (c) the extreme deuteranomalous do not reveal a trend towards or awau from protanopia. PMID- 823401 TI - Ribosomal DNA and its expression in Drosophila melanogaster during growth and development. AB - Ribosomal DNA content has been determined in several adult and larval tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Underreplication of rRNA genes was observed in polytenic salivary glands of larvae. On the contrary, polytenic/polyploid ovaries showed no decrease in rDNA. It is concluded that polyteny is not necessarily associated with underreplication of rDNA. No other tissue examined displayed any change in rDNA redundancy. Third-instar-larvae showed a decrease in rDNA amount which might be partly accounted for by underreplication of rDNA in salivary glands. No such decrease was seen in pupae. Bobbed genotypes were essentially similar to wild type in all tissues except salivary glands. In this case, it was found that the extent of underreplication is less in bobbed as compared to wild genotypes. Ribosomal DNA activity was examined in various tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. The rates of rRNA synthesis vary greatly between various tissues. It is concluded that a control at the level of gene activity operates as differences in the amount of precursor rRNA synthesized can be observed both in flies of varying rDNA contents as well as in various tissues of the same genotype. PMID- 823402 TI - Purification and steady state kinetic mechanism of glycogen synthase-D from human polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes. AB - The authors' work on the purification and steady state kinetic investigation of the enzyme glycogen synthase D (UDP-glucose: glycogen 4-alpha-glucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.11) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is reviewed. The main features of the kinetic mechanism for catalysis of the reaction interconversion of the quaternary enzyme-substrate-activator complexes. The anions interact exclusively with the G-6-P binding site of the enzyme. The dissociation constants for the enzyme-modifier complexes are determined, and a kinetic mechanism for the action of the anions is proposed, leading to activation or inhibition, depending on the concentration of G-6-P. PMID- 823405 TI - [Cortisone in non-hemorrhagic stroke. An anterospective comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - In an open, randomized anterospective, comparative study on encephalomalacias it was shown that with regard to the parameter of rehabilitation progress in the degree of paralysis, the patients treated with cortisone had a significantly better performance at the 5% level. The main point of attack of cortisone appears to be in the early phase of the insult (first 5 days). It seems unlikely that edema control is the only active principle. More probably this is an additional effect on cell metabolism. From these results it seems logical to continue to follow up the acute treatment of cerebral insult with cortisone and search for an optimal dosage and better confirmation. PMID- 823406 TI - [Therapy of pollinosis with tyrosine allergoids]. PMID- 823408 TI - [Prophylaxis of thrombosis, varices, endema-indications for ready-made elasticated stockings? Comparative pressure measurements of ready-made elasticated stockings of Compression Classes I-IV (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative pressure measurements of ready-made elasticated stockings of compression classes I-IV were carried out on 28 patients. Considerable differences in pressure sometimes occur, stockings with a high compression cannot be put on without help. Not all of them can be boiled, the properties sometimes alter after washing. Elasticated stockings are not indicated in lymphedemas etc. Only stockings of compression class I are suitable for the prophylaxis of thrombosis in bedridden patients. PMID- 823407 TI - [Conservative treatment of arterial occlusive diseases with naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate (author's transl)]. AB - Naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate was used for 4 1/2 years in 216 patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease in a surgical clinic. An increase of 1 to 10 times the walking distance could be obtained in over 77% of cases in Fontaine's stage II by a genuine combination treatment with active vascular muscle training and continuous intravenous drip lasting for an average of 28 days. The continuous drip treatment was made possible by a specially designed infusion rucksack 19% of the cases still showed a moderate effect on the walking capacity. By elimination of pain at rest and healing of trophic disorders, it was possible to transfer over 68% of the patients in Stages III and IV to Stage II. PMID- 823409 TI - [Serodiagnosis of malaria (author's transl)]. AB - Homologous and heterologous malaria pathogens were used as antigens for the determination of malaria antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Homologous antibodies fell in the second half year, after successful treatment, down to the limit of demonstrability. In inhabitants of endemic malarial areas, who lived in the German Federal Republic, signs of a fall in antibodies could be observed after about 30 months. The predominance of particular malaria pathogens of the country of origin was recognizable in the antibody spectrum of these persons. Malaria antibody findings of three comparable groups of exposed persons under chemoprophylaxis ought to provide pointers to the parasitemias which had occurred and which were held responsible for the antibody production. Persons without chemoprophylaxis from malarial areas served as controls. The markedly deviating results of the antibody findings in the serum donors can only be explained by more seldom parasitemias in persons with adequate chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 823410 TI - [Indications for selective coronary angiography (author's transl)]. AB - At the present time, selective coronary angiography is the only diagnostic possibility for establishing the severity, extent and localization of coronary arteriosclerosis in the living human. It has led to the development of coronary surgery which is a significant acquisition to the treatment of coronary heart disease. In the differential diagnosis of obscure electrocardiographic changes and other clinical cardiological pictures, it is a considerable help. Selective coronary angiography carries relatively little risk if suitable personnel and technical facilities are available and a careful indication for its performance is observed. PMID- 823411 TI - [Surgical treatment of coronary insufficiency. Indications and contraindications (author's transl)]. AB - The indications for surgical treatment by aortocoronary bypass have been considerably extended during the last few years as a result of experience in the clinical, hemodynamic and surgical fields. The mortality of the operation is about 4%. Important criteria are: 1. More than one coronary vessel must be affected. 2. The artery below the lesion must have a diameter of more than 1 mm. 3. The end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle must be below 20 mm Hg. 4. The stroke volume fraction in the left ventricle must not be less than 0.40. 5. Serious intractable diseases must not be present. PMID- 823412 TI - [Pericarditis and fresh myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Among 400 patients with myocardial infarction who had been admitted to the intensive care department, pericarditis was observed in 64 cases (16%). It occurred more frequently with anterior wall infarctions. The influence of the pericarditis on the mortality and complications threatening in the acute period were particularly investigated: There was no significant difference with regard to the mortality (20.6% in the group with pericarditis, 26.2% in the control group) or the occurrence of cardiac insufficiency or arrhythmias as complications. Atrial flutter, however, is more frequent (25% against 15%). Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued when pericarditis appeared, with one exception. In spite of the high frequency of atrial flutter, embolic complications were not more frequent after discontinuing the anticoagulant therapy. A postmyocardial infarction syndrome was observed seven times (1.7%), it was frequently found in a pericarditis with angina pectoris (4/7) and with ventricular aneurysm (3/7). Hemopericardium occurred in one patient in whom anticoagulant therapy had not been discontinued. PMID- 823413 TI - [Coronary angiographic findings in dextrocardia (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports on four different types of dextrocardia in situs solitus and situs inversus. The topography of the atrial and ventricular cavities, of the great vessels and of the coronary arteries is described in detail. The value of the selective coronary arteriography in differentiation between the types of dextrocardia is discussed. PMID- 823414 TI - [In the memory of Paul Henri Rosier]. PMID- 823415 TI - [Sitting posture after arthrodesis of the hip joint or lumbosacral fusion (author's transl)]. AB - The sitting posture of persons with arthrodesis of the hip joint and with lumbosacral fusion are analyzed. It is shown that any disorder in the hip joint - pelvis - lumbar spine system results in a change of posture. In particular, a defective hip joint produces an unfavorable posture by folding over the lumbar spine. The effect of fusion of the lumbosacral area on sitting posture is less marked. PMID- 823416 TI - [Stabilization of infected fractures and pseudarthroses (author's transl)]. AB - A procedure following the principles of modern septic bone surgery permits the prospect of bone healing in infected fractures and pseudarthroses, even in cases which at first seem hopeless. In spite of primarily atypical conditions, an improvised procedure ought to be avoided as a rule. The possibilities of a stable fixation are indicated with reference to some exemplary cases. At the same time, the need for autologous spongiosaplasty in the treatment of infected fractures and pseudarthroses is pointed out. PMID- 823417 TI - [Nalidixic acid levels in the serum with restricted renal function (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous chemical and microbiological determinations during antibacterial therapy with normal doses of nalidixic acid (4 X 1 g/day) in patients with cystopyelonephritis and restricted renal function (serum creatinine 1.5-14.0 mg%) yielded markedly higher serum levels than in patients with normal kidney function. But no side effects could be observed on longer treatment up to two weeks. The active substance was thus present in the urine in lower concentrations than are found with normal renal function. However, they lie within the range of therapeutically necessary minimal inhibitory concentrations for various gram negative pathogens. Reduction of the dose of nalidixic acid in severe renal insufficiency seems not to be necessary, and even illogical, because otherwise ineffective plasma and urine levels are obtained. The treatment was effective against sensitive pathogens. PMID- 823419 TI - [Psychopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. A questionnaire inquiry]. PMID- 823418 TI - [Pyeloureteritis cystica]. PMID- 823421 TI - [Conservative treatment of ureteral calculi in the urologist's practice]. PMID- 823420 TI - [History of the therapy of acute frostbite]. PMID- 823422 TI - [Retention time of an antacid drug in the stomach. Endoscopic observation]. PMID- 823423 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat with Larypront in ENT practice (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of inflammations of the oral and pharyngeal cavities (glossitis, pharyngitis, pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis) in 60 patients with Larypront Throat Tablets alone, without administration of systemic antibiotics, gave very good results in 49 cases (81.6%) with complete regression of the complaints in 3 4 days. In 11 patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis without demonstrable effect, systemic antibiotic therapy had to be added because of radiologically demonstrable acute sinusitis or increasing antibacterial infection. Side effects were not seen with the use of Larypront in any case. PMID- 823425 TI - [Critical comments on our medical lecturing]. PMID- 823426 TI - [Gout]. PMID- 823424 TI - [Indications and limits of coloscopy]. PMID- 823428 TI - Rec assay with cold incubation with and without metabolic reactivation in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 823427 TI - [Prevention of mumps]. PMID- 823429 TI - [Application of simple radial immunodiffusion for quantitative determination of Candida antigens]. PMID- 823430 TI - A fermentation system for filamentous fungi with special reference to dermatophytes. II. evaluation of antimycotic substances. PMID- 823431 TI - Invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 823432 TI - Sounding board: Form and function in the federal health effort. PMID- 823433 TI - Improved albumin synthesis in postoperative patients by amino acid infusion. AB - To determine whether intravenous 3.5 per cent amino acid solution enhanced the rate of albumin synthesis in postoperative patients, we measured the albumin synthesis rate by the (14C) carbonate technic in 10 patients on the fourth day after elective gastrointestinal-tract operations. Five patients were randomized to receive a 3.5 per cent solution of essential and non-essential amino acids, and five to receive 5 per cent glucose. A mean (+/-S.E.M.) of 75.0+/-2.0 per day of amino acids or 111.0+/-12.4 glucose was given. In the amino acid group the mean (+/-S.E.M.) albumin synthesis rate was 237+/-24 mg per kilogram per day, in comparison to 157+/-23 in the glucose group (P less than 0.05). The infused amino acids were apparently more effective than plain glucose in promoting albumin synthesis. PMID- 823434 TI - Estimation of fetal red cells in mother. PMID- 823435 TI - Importance of culturing lung-tissue biopsy. PMID- 823436 TI - Costs and benefits of hysterectomy. PMID- 823438 TI - Testing of drug delivery systems for use in the treatment of narcotic addiction. AB - The evaluation of the drug release characteristic of four naltrexone delivery systems has been carried out together with the development of analytical techniques and an investigation of the metabolic profile of naltrexone. Pharmacologic evaluation of the four delivery systems in the mouse indicated significant analgesic antagonism for a period of from 16-22 days. Further evaluation of one of these systems by measurement of the rate of excretion of radioactivity after administration of radiolabelled naltrexone in the delivery system confirmed that significant release occurs for a time period of about 15 days. Electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic assays for naltrexone and naloxone in plasma or urine have been developed that yield linear calibration curves and are sensitive to one ng/ml. Studies on naltrexone disposition indicate that (a) binding to plasma proteins in several species varies from 20-26%, (b) distribution of drug from blood is extremely rapid and extensive, (c) beta naltrexol is a major metabolite of naltrexone in man, monkey and guinea pig among six species studies, whereas alpha-naltrexol is a minor metabolite in the monkey and guinea pig only, and (d) metabolic reduction of naltrexone occurs in the 100,000 x g supernatant of guinea pig liver. Pharmacokinetic studies of naltrexone in the dog and monkey indicate that the drug is rapidly distributed and eliminated, has a very large apparent volume of distribution and a total body clearance greater than the rate of liver blood flow. PMID- 823437 TI - Mycotoxin research in India. PMID- 823439 TI - Quantitation of cannabinoids in biological specimens using probability based matching GC/MS. AB - The results from these urine studies and a few other isolated extracts we have run may be generalized as follows: The hexane fractions showed low levels of delta9-THC (ca. 10 ng/ml) with marginal Confidence Indices (25-30), but both the quantities and the K-scores were well above the values seen in extracts of control urines; the hexane fractions showed similar levels of CBN (ca. 12-25 ng/ml) with significant K-scores (60-80); the ether-extractable neutral fraction contained 8alpha, 11-dihydroxy-delta9-THC (25-150 ng/ml) with low conficdence and sometimes a suggestion of 8beta-hydroxy-delta9-THC (15 ng/ml) with a marginal identification; and the E-II fraction (ether-extractable, weak acids) usually contained a strong indication (CONF 60-95) of delta9-THC-11-oic acid (100-200 ng/ml. PMID- 823440 TI - Heat stability variants of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 823441 TI - TRH potentiates excitatory actions of acetylcholine on cerebral cortical neurones. PMID- 823442 TI - Maternal effects and inbreeding insensitivity in embryos of drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 823443 TI - [Intestinal hemorrhage in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 823444 TI - [The clinical value of the TRH test]. PMID- 823445 TI - [Depth psychology aspects of the course of cyclothymic depressions during lithium prevention]. PMID- 823447 TI - Computers and automation: bane or panacea for veterinary medical research. PMID- 823446 TI - Management of burns. PMID- 823448 TI - Case for diagnosis: syphilis. PMID- 823450 TI - Stress and mental disorders in basic training. PMID- 823449 TI - Sero-immunity screening of adolescent girls in a military population to determine susceptibility to the rubella virus. PMID- 823451 TI - Colposcopy as a diagnostic and teaching technique. PMID- 823452 TI - Blood preservation: using metabolic regulators and nutrients. I. Pyruvate and DHA (dihydroxyacetone). PMID- 823453 TI - Biologic significance of enterobacterial common antigen (CA) and engendered antibodies. PMID- 823454 TI - Assaults with explosive devices on superiors: a synopsis of reports from confined offenders at the US Disciplinary Barracks. PMID- 823455 TI - Improved appointment keeping with mailed reminders in a well baby clinic. PMID- 823456 TI - Chronic, benign, accelerated idioventricular rhythm: case report. PMID- 823457 TI - A review of surgical experience in a large veterans hospital. PMID- 823458 TI - The lip--protect or neglect? PMID- 823459 TI - Management of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 823460 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 823462 TI - Uremic pericarditis: a review. PMID- 823461 TI - Toxicology of alcohol and the problems of drinking. PMID- 823463 TI - Cross-reactivity between mouse tissue and enterobacterial common antigen (CA). PMID- 823464 TI - An expanded role for clinical psychologists and social workers in the United States Army. PMID- 823466 TI - Clinical records processing simplified. PMID- 823465 TI - Anorexia nervosa in a serviceman: case report. PMID- 823467 TI - The field exercise: an invaluable adjunct in the training of emergency medical technicians. PMID- 823468 TI - Maxillofacial prosthetics in the military environment. PMID- 823469 TI - [Repercussions of esophageal pathology on the respiratory system]. PMID- 823470 TI - [The cholelitholytic action of chenodeoxycholic acid in long-term treatment]. PMID- 823471 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of a case of alpha chain disease]. AB - A case of alpha-chain disease is presented. Diagnosis was clinched by the discovery of typical heavy alpha-chains on analysis of serum proteins. The clinical picture included non-gluten-dependent semi-coeliac malabsorption, Hippocratic fingers, flattened villi, plasma cell infiltration of the jejunal mucosa, alpha- and beta-globulin dysprotidaemia, and abdominal masses; these signs are indicative of, but not conclusive evidence of alpha-chain disease. The presence of Coccidioides organules in the mucosa and glandular tuberculosis rises aetiopathogenetic questions that suggest that due attention be given to microbiological examination. Rapid progression to neoplasia following immunodepressive management underscores the risks associated with the administration of immunodepressors in patients with immunitary deficiencies. It is still not clear whether alpha-chain disease should be regarded as a self perpetuating immunoproliferative disease, or as a form neoplasia ab initio, with a protracted, though of inevitably fatal, course. PMID- 823472 TI - Malnutrition and drug metabolism in man. PMID- 823473 TI - Fever and amino acid metabolism. PMID- 823475 TI - Hypophosphataemia and paraesthesias during parenteral nutrition. AB - Parenteral nutrition was instituted in a malnourished woman with a low serum phosphorus. In spite of a moderate phosphorus intake, the serum phosphorus descended to very low levels before returning to a normal range. Over a three week period she was troubled by paraesthesias, numbness, and a generalised weakness. The cause was thought to be hypophosphataemia. PMID- 823474 TI - Morbidity of therapeutic abortion in Auckland. AB - Twenty-six women were admitted to National Women's Hospital with complications following therapeutic abortion at the Auckland Medical Aid Centre, during its first year of operation. This represents 1.4 percent of the total number of cases at the Centre that year. The principal early complicatons were pelvic sepsis, suspected uterine perforation and incomplete abortion. The complication rate appears to be low and compares favourably with reports from other centres. During the same period, 17 women (8.4 percent) whose pregnancies were terminated at National Women's Hospital had significant complications. All 43 complicated cases are analysed. PMID- 823476 TI - EEG prediction of post-traumatic epilepsy. PMID- 823478 TI - Sarcocystis species in sheep. PMID- 823477 TI - Tobramycin in the treatment of severe and complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Tobramycin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic with pharmacological similarities to gentamicin. Eleven of 15 patients with a severe or complicated gram-negative urinary tract infection were cured by treatment with a five day course of tobramycin. No side effects were noted. This drug should prove beneficial for the treatment of severe gram-negative sepsis and promises to be particularly valuable for infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and organisms resistant to gentamicin. PMID- 823480 TI - Conundrum of tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy: a selected review of the literature. Recognizing the need for precise justification criteria for T&A is imperative. PMID- 823479 TI - Experimental oral cancer in rats with xerostomia. AB - Though previous experiments with fat-soluble carcinogens have demonstrated a protective effect of the saliva against chemically induced oral cancer it is not known if this also holds true for water-soluble carcinogenic agents. In vitro experiments indicate that the water-soluble 4NQO (4-nitrochinoline N-oxide) easily penetrates a layer of saliva similar with that normally present on the oral mucous membranes. It is possible that this quality, on intraoral applications of 4NQO, could eliminate the protective barrier of saliva. The protective effect of the saliva was examined in the present investigation. Xerostomia was induced in 15 rats and 4NQO was applied to the palate 3 times a week. After 4.7 months, on an average, palatal cancer appeared in all rats. In comparable investigations the result was 7 months with rats treated in an identical manner except for their salivary secretion remaining intact. This time difference represents approximately 33% of the time necessary for the development of oral cancer in normal rats by means of 4NQO. It was concluded, that a protective effect of the saliva exists whether the oral mucous membranes are attacked by water--or fat-soluble carcinogens. PMID- 823481 TI - Tonsils and adenoids: a brief statement. Discussion of the clinical indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. PMID- 823482 TI - Cut it out? Critique of a medical audit of tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. PMID- 823483 TI - Adapting AMA/PSRO model screening criteria to PEP: tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. PMID- 823485 TI - Critique of one nursing audit committee's criteria for lumbar laminectomy. PMID- 823486 TI - On lumbar laminectomy. PMID- 823484 TI - Tonsillectomy for neoplasm. Clinical basis and criteria for tonsillectomy for neoplasm. PMID- 823488 TI - See no evil: a physician outlines inadequate action taken by the audit committee in his hospital following an audit of tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. PMID- 823487 TI - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. PMID- 823490 TI - TB or not TB? critique of an actual hospital audit and alternate criteria for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 823489 TI - The great white plague: pulmonary tuberculosis yesterday and today. PMID- 823491 TI - Analysis of cross-checking and mortality in an audit of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 823492 TI - New concepts for an old disease nursing considerations of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 823493 TI - Adapting AMA/PSRO model screening criteria to PEP: pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 823494 TI - Quality patient care and the hospital trustee. PMID- 823496 TI - Audit results: examples and discussion of audit findings and actions in hospitals throughout the country. PMID- 823497 TI - Audit summary for trustees. PMID- 823495 TI - Is it worth it?--YES, BUT... PMID- 823498 TI - Clot watching critique of pulmonary embolism or infarction audits A and B. PMID- 823499 TI - Adapting AMA/PSRO model screening criteria to PEP: pulmonary embolism or infarction. PMID- 823500 TI - Carraway Methodist Medical Center's true story, or how to assure professional goals and exchange ideas on patient care through audit. PMID- 823502 TI - Adapting AMA/PSRO model screening criteria to the PEP methodology: acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 823501 TI - Wrap session: critique of a nursing audit of pulmonary embolism and infarction. PMID- 823503 TI - Nursing criteria for acute myocardial infarction adapting ANA guidelines to the PEP methodology. PMID- 823505 TI - Multidisciplinary audit--who's responsible? PMID- 823504 TI - A historical fragment. PMID- 823507 TI - Acute myocardial infarction revisited. PMID- 823506 TI - A frame of reference. PMID- 823508 TI - Comment of Egami's concept of the evolution of nitrate respiration. AB - Recent results suggest that the presence of common nitrogen salts (sodium nitrite and nitrate) in the irradiation medium can markedly protect filamentous blue green algae from potentially lethal ultraviolet light irradiation. Our results as well as general biologica-l arguments as presented by Egami (above) support and extend Egami's original view that anaerobic respiratory pathways using nitrite and nitrate as terminal electron acceptors evolved prior to oxygen requiring aerobic respiratory pathways. PMID- 823509 TI - [Surheme (Butalamine) in the treatment of vertigo]. PMID- 823512 TI - Heart size in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 823513 TI - [Clinically and epidemiology unusual infection with E. coli 0 111:B4 on a newborn division (author's transl)]. AB - From a clinical and epidemiological point of view an interesting infection with the classical dyspepsia coli type 0 111: B4 occurred at a newborn division of a county hospital. During the course of 3 months, 22 newborn children fell seriously ill. Only 2 of these 22 childrens had been nursed before the onset of the infection. All the others had been artifically fed. Three of these offlicted children developed a serious sepsis. One of the children died of pyocyaneus sepsis. The children were treated according to the degree of severity with infusions and given special food supplements prepared with low-fat milk. 13 children had to be fed parenterally for a longer period of time. The source of the infection was discovered in the pipes of sinks in the delivery room and in the cribs of the newborn division. It was possible to eradicate the source of infection and bring the disease under control. Microbiologically a resistance towards all the common antibiotics was noticed, except towards gentamycin to which the bacteria proved to be sensitive. PMID- 823510 TI - Hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 823511 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in protein-calorie-malnutrition (PCM). PMID- 823514 TI - Antigenic composition of Litomosoides carini. AB - Three different phosphate buffered saline extracts of Litomosoides carini were prepared and examined by gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sera from infected cotton rats and antisera from hyperimmunized rabbits. Using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, up to 22 protein, 6 lipoprotein and 4 glycoprotein bands were identified. A minimum of 8 precipitin lines were detected by gel diffusion and a maximum of 11 precipitin arcs by immunoelectrophoresis when pooled rabbit antiserum was used. Using infected cotton rat sera, fewer number of precipitin lines and arcs were detected. Two precipitin arcs did not have a counterpart on examination against pooled rabbit antiserum. The importance of these two specific antigenic components for use in immunodiagnosis of human filariasis has been discussed. PMID- 823515 TI - Cholera: a review. AB - A case of cholera admitted to the Pahlavi University Medical Centre is presented and the aetiology, pathophysiology, complications and treatment of the disease are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 823516 TI - Disodium etidronate in the prevention of heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury (preliminary report). AB - Heterotopic ossification is a frequent complication following spinal cord injury with 16 per cent to 53 per cent of patients developing varying degrees of pathologic ossification. The diphosphonates are known to block the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into crystalline hydroxyapatite. Therefore, one of the diphosphonates, disodium etidronate (generic name of disodium ethane-1 hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was selected fro clinical trials to study the effectiveness of EHDP in preventing heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury. In a double-blind, clinical study of 149 spinal cord injury patients, disodium etidronate has proven its effectiveness in the prevention of heterotopic ossification. The extent of heterotopic ossification development as measured by the total heterotopic ossification X-ray grade was significantly less in EHDP-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients (P less than 0-05). For maximal effectiveness, EHDP treatment must be started before the onset of the pathological process initiating the development of heterotopicossification. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal time to institute EHDP treatment, length of treatment, and minimal effective dose. EHDP is the first hterapeutic agent known to alter the formation of heterotopic ossification after spinal injury and may prove useful in other conditions where heterotopic ossification prevention is clinically indicated. PMID- 823517 TI - The cestocidal effect of complement in normal and immuen sera in vitro. AB - The effects of complement and/or specific antibodies on the larval and adult stages of Echinococcus granulosus were studied in vitro. Lysis and death of both protoscoleces and adult E. granulosus occurred within 10 min to 24 h in 50% fresh normal sera used as a source of complement, without the presence of specific antibodies. The lytic and lethal reaction was marked in fresh sera from guinea pigs, calves, dogs, man and sheep, but only slight in fresh sera from English rabbits and horses. Guinea-pig sera were shown to be complement deficient after reacting with worms and all reactions were abolished after sera had been heated to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Fluorescent antibody studies failed to detect host antibodies at the parasite tegument. It is suggested that activation of the complement system occurs via the alternate pathway, that it acts independently of the immune system and that it is lethal to a wide range of cestode parasites. In contrast, marked agglutination/precipitation reactions with protoscoleces and precipitation reactions with adult E. granulosus were observed after incubation in heat inactivated 50% canine antisera, but not in normal sera. The antigen antibody nature of these reactions was established by fluorescent antibody studies and the areas of antibody attack pinpointed. In spite of these reactions, worms remained healthy and active over a period of 8 days. PMID- 823518 TI - [Importance of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the transmission of sarcosporidiosis from the steinbock (Capra ibex) at the Gran Paradiso National Park]. AB - Sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (Capra ibex) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of Gran Paradiso National Park, Italian Western Alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. No dogs or cats are allowed inside the Park, to the contrary foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. Feces of Vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected Capra ibex used for the following experiment was living (Gran Nomenon - Chantel - P.N.G.P. Val di Cogne, altitude ranging from 2200 to 2600 m). These feces and feces from foxes collected in different areas of Valle dell'Orco were found positive for sporulated sporocysts which varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. Infected muscles of a Capra ibex (oesophagus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal muscles, etc.) were fed to canidae (Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris), felidae (Felis catus, Felis leo) mustelidae (Putorius putorius furo) and to a prey bird (Falco tinnunculus). One Vulpes vulpes and two Canis familiaris were maintained as control under the same experimental conditions. Only Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris excreted sporulated sporocysts in their feces after 12, 13 and 21 days respectively and for several weeks. These sporocysts varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. All the other animals (Felis catus, Felis leo, Putorius putorius furo and Falco tinnunculus) remained costantly negative during all the experiments. It is concluded that Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris (Canidae) are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis sp. of Capra ibes of P.N.G.P., and that sarcosporidiasis of steinbocks is transmitted inside the Parco (P.N.G.P.) by Vulpes vulpes. PMID- 823519 TI - Oral rehydration therapy in home and hospital: experience in rural Nigeria. PMID- 823520 TI - Neurofibromatosis involving the lower urinary tract in children. A report of three cases and a review of the literature. AB - Three children with neurofibromatosis involving the lower urinary tract are reported and their clinical, radiological and pathological findings are described. Lower urinary tract involvement in neurofibromatosis has previously been reported in 17 children, 12 of whom had other stigmata of von Recklinghausens disease. Lower urinary tract involvement may be asymptomatic and can be found incidentally. Every case with neurofibromatosis presenting with what may appear to be even only insignificant urinary symptoms should be thoroughly investigated urologically. Symptoms are usually related to urinary tract obstruction or neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to the involvement of the nerves supplying the bladder. Urinary diversion is the treatment of choice as surgical removal of the extensive tumour is seldom feasible. Following treatment the prognosis for survival appears to be good. PMID- 823521 TI - Metabolic and hormonal responses to a protein-glucose meal in normal infants and in marasmus and marasmic kwashiorkor. AB - Blood sugar and plasma free fatty acids (FFA), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and growth hormone (GH) responses to a protein-glucose meal were determined in normal infants and those with marasmus and marasmic kwashiorkor. Among the normal subjects, fasting blood sugar (BS), peak BS and IRI, and the IRI/BS ratio tended to decrease as age increased. Peak IRI was at least 13muU/ml above fasting in 21 of 24 infants. Fasting GH levels were high 38.5 +/- 13.6 (SD) and 26.3 +/- 14.0 ng/ml, in the two youngest groups (under 1 year) and were comparable with those of the late newborn period. They were slightly lower, 20.8 +/- 22.1, in those 12.5-18.5 months of age. Suppressions of FFA and subsequent rebounds were in close temporal relation to BS and IRI peaks and lows, but not the GH levels. GH was promptly suppressed by the meal, and in most infants secondary elevations were seen. Untreated marasmic infants had normal or low BS, correspondingly normal or low IRI, markedly elevated FFA (1,821 +/- 588 muEq/liter), and GH levels comparable with those of the control subjects. There was some delay in BS elevation and disappearance and poor insulin release after the meal, with only two of nine having elevations of at least 13 muU /ml The BS elevations and IRI responses, however, were adequate to block FFA release. GH levels were poorly suppressed by the meal but some infants had further elevations, possibly in response to protein. After partial rehabilitation, fasting BS and FFA and BS elevations after the meal were normal. A slight improvement in insulin release was apparent. Fasting GH levels and responses to the meal were normal. Fasting, minimally treated children with marasmic kwashiorkor (MK) had normal or low BS, normal or low IRI, normal FFA, and probably normal GH levels. There was considerable delay in BS elevation, moderately delayed glucose disappearance, and very poor or unmeasurable insulin release after the test meal; FFA and GH were poorly suppressed. After partial rehabilitation, fasting BS was normal, FFA levels were (630 +/- 163 muEq/l), IRI was still low, BS elevations and disappearance improved. IRI responses modestly improved, and GH responses were normal. PMID- 823522 TI - Bradycardia in preterm infants: indications and hazards of atropine therapy. AB - Eight preterm infants are presented to demonstrate the indications and hazards of using atropine for treatment of bradycardia in the high-risk premature nursery. Three infants developed bradycardia following initiation of nipple feedings, one following gavage feedings, three following surgical manipulation of visceral structures, and one associated with presence of chronic pulmonary disease. It is suggested that the first seven cases represent "reflexic bradycardia," probably vagally mediated and thus amenable to atropine therapy, whereas the eighth is an example of "hypoxic bradycardia" where administration of atropine may be detrimental. Polygraphic monitoring, arterial blood gases, and the clinical status are helpful in distinguishing reflexic from hypoxic bradycardia. These parameters should be evaluated prior to institution of atropine therapy. PMID- 823523 TI - Home urine cultures by the dip-strip method: results in 289 cultures. AB - Bacteriuria screening on 289 children was performed by their parents by means of a self-administered dip-strip culture which was inoculated, incubated, and interpreted in the home. Simultaneous pour-plate quantitative cultures and laboratory-tested dip-strip cultures were done on the same urine specimen which had been tested at home. The dip-strip culture was reliable (89%) in detecting significant bacteriuria with home administration and interpretation. Only 1.6% false-positive results occurred in the home testing. The dip-strip home cultures are an effective way for screening or follow-up of patients with bacteriuria. PMID- 823524 TI - Metabolic cirrhoses of infancy and early childhood. PMID- 823525 TI - [The Ulysses syndrome--health problems in patients with "non-disease"]. PMID- 823526 TI - [Detergents and precipitation of serum lipoproteins by antisera (author's transl)]. AB - By using gel diffusion methods, it was shown that during immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion in two dimensions, anionic detergents (sodium oleate, sodium desoxycholate, sodium lauryl-sulfate and sodium decyl-sulfate), added to human serum at the final concentration of 0.5%, do not prevent the formation of an insoluble antigen-antibody complex (precipitation line) when specific antibodies react with serum lipoproteins: LDL, HDL and VLDL. In spite of the presence of anionic detergents, the antigen-antibody interaction in gel occurs even if the amount of lipoproteins in serum was highly reduced. On the contrary, the non ionic detergent tween 80, has a strong inhibitory effect on the specific precipitation of lipoproteins, especially in the case of HDL. PMID- 823527 TI - Location of protein S1 of Escherichia coli ribosomes at the 'A'-site of the codon binding site. Affinity labeling studies with a 3'-modified A-U-G analog. AB - An affinity analog with a 5-bromoacetamido uridine 5'-phosphate moiety bonded to the 3' end of A-U-G has been prepared with the aid of polynucleotide phosphorylase. This 3'-modified, chemically reactive A-U-G analog was used to probe the ribosomal codon binding site. The yield of the reaction depended strongly on the ribosomal source and was sensitive to salt-washing ribosomes. The major crosslinking product was identified to be protein S1. Since the reaction of this 3'-modified A-U-G programmed ribosomes for Met-tRNA-Met-M binding, it is concluded that protein S1 is located at or near the 3'-side of the ribosomal codon binding site. PMID- 823528 TI - Extensions of the known sequences at the 3' and 5' ends of 23S ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli, possible base pairing between these 23S RNA regions and 16S ribosomal RNA. AB - Extensions of the known sequences at both 3' and 5' ends of 23S ribosomal RNA are presented: The 5' terminal is pG-G-U-U-A-A-G-Cp or pG-G-U... G-U-U-A-A-G-Cp, with a very short sequence between Up and Gp and the 3'terminal is G-A-A-C-C-G-A-(G)-G C-U-U-A-A-C-C-U-UOH. These two terminal regions exhibit a high degree of complementarity. In addition, extensive complementarities are also found between the 5'terminal sequence of 23S RNA and a sequence contained in section A of the 16S ribosomal RNA, and between the 3'terminal sequence of 23S RNA and sequences in sections O and J in the 16S RNA. The degree of complementarity between the two extremities of 23S RNA, and between these extremities and regions of the 16S RNA, is far greater than would be expected on a random basis suggesting a possible involvement of this base-pairing in the functioning of ribosomes. This possibility is discussed. PMID- 823529 TI - Chloroplast DNA codes for transfer RNA. AB - Transfer RNA's were isolated from Euglena gracilis. Chloroplast cistrons for tRNA were quantitated by hybridizing tRNA to ct DNA. Species of tRNA hybridizing to ct DNA were partially purified by hybridization-chromatography. The tRNA's hybridizing to ct DNA and nuclear DNA appear to be different. Total cellular tRNA was hybridized to ct DNA to an equivalent of approximately 25 cistrons. The total cellular tRNA was also separated into 2 fractions by chromatography on dihydroxyboryl substituted amino ethyl cellulose. Fraction I hybridized to both nuclear and ct DNA. Hybridizations to ct DNA indicated approximately 18 cistrons. Fraction II-tRNA hybridized only to ct DNA, saturating at a level of approximately 7 cistrons. The tRNA from isolated chloroplasts hybridized to both chloroplast and nuclear DNA. The level of hybridization to ct DNA indicated approximately 18 cistrons. Fraction II-type tRNA could not be detected in the isolated chloroplasts. PMID- 823530 TI - Selection and some properties of recombinant clones of lambda bacteriophage containing genes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The lambdagt clones containing fragments of the Drosophila melanogaster genome were prepared and characterized by hybridization of their DNA with (I) lambdagt cRNA; (2) lambdaC-cRNA; (3) Dm-cRNA; (4) the mRNA of D.melanogaster culture cells and (5) the stable cytoplasmic poly (A) RNA from the same source. The technique for a simple selection of hybrid clones is described. The hybridization with mRNA allows one to select the clones containing structural genes of D.melanogaster. It was found that in all cases when the clone contains the structural gene it also contains the reiterated base sequences of the D.melanogaster genome. Several clones containing D. melanogaster DNA fragments with a size of (2-4)x1O6 daltons hybridizing with a relatively large portion of mRNA were selected for further analysis. PMID- 823531 TI - Unfolding of E. coli ribosomes: evidence for pre-existing breaks in the large subunit. AB - An investigation has been made on structure modifications of E. coli ribosomes following EDTA treatment. When completely deprived of magnesium, the small subunit sediments at 16S while the large one, in the same conditions, shows two components at 17S and 21S. Unfolding causes in both subunits an increase in radius of gyration without substantial change in molecular weight, as shown by light scattering measurements. The occurence of the slower 17S component besides the 21S one has to be connected with a fraction of the large subunit population which presents nucleolytic breaks in its RNA chain. These breaks do not cause fragmentation of the unfolded subunit but lead to a more open configuration sedimenting at lower velocity. PMID- 823532 TI - The presence of (dA.dT)20-25 tracts in the DNA of primitive eukaryotes. AB - Previous work by Jacobson et al. (1) has shown that the number and distribution of (dA.dT)25 tracts in the nuclear DNA of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum reflects the number and the distribution of transcriptional units. To investigate whether this is a general phenomenon we compared the nuclear DNAs of other primitive eukaryotes with respect to their content of large (dA.dT)n tracts via the thermal stability of their hybrids with poly(rA). The results of our analysis indicate that all nuclear DNAs tested have (dA.dT)20-25 tracts, but the frequency of such tracts varies from one per 5.4 X 10(6) daltons in Dictyostelium nuclear DNA to one per 2.8 X 10(8) daltons in Crithidia luciliae nuclear DNA. We conclude that the presence of (dA.dT)20-25 tracts is not an obligatory characteristic of the transcriptional unit in primitive eukaryotes. Chromatography of native DNAs on poly(rU) Sephadex columns shows that the large (dA.dT)n tracts occurring in the genomes of both primitive and higher eukaryotes are widely distributed throught these genomes. PMID- 823533 TI - [Factors and mechanisms affecting the urinary microbial load]. PMID- 823534 TI - [Influence of chelating agents on the concentration of radioactive cobalt in microscopic algae]. PMID- 823535 TI - [Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of B.cereus sporal germination]. PMID- 823536 TI - Comperative aspects of respiration and circulation in mammals. PMID- 823537 TI - Evidence of regression of atherosclerosis in primates and man. PMID- 823538 TI - [Testing a disinfectant used for chemothermic disinfection (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments were carried out to test the bacteriological effectiveness of an aldehyde-based disinfectant used for the chemothermic disinfection of instruments. The product is designed to be added to instrument washing machines whereby the temperature should be 65 degrees C. The death rate by means of heat (65 degrees C) of 4 different species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris), which were all suspended in four different media, was determined. E. coli proved to be the most thermoresistant. It was not possible to destroy all the bacteria within one hour. The disinfectant alone was also not sufficient. The suspension, the instrument disinfection- and the carrier-tests were based upon the "DGHM-Richtlinien". They were, however, carried out in the water bath at 65 degrees C so that the influence of the temperature and the disinfectant could be determined simultaneously. Good results were obtained with this combination of heat and disinfectant. Fungi and mycobacteria were also destroyed. PMID- 823539 TI - [Disodium cromoglicicum in the treatment of obstructive respiratory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 823540 TI - [The present significance of animal experiment and bacterial cultivation for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 823541 TI - [Mass radiography in the German Federal Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 823543 TI - [Respiratory properties of the blood following intravenous administration of a fatty emulsion for parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 823544 TI - [Infusion therapy following gastric resection]. AB - It was shown that parenteral nutrition with the provision of suitable caloric value with a 50% glucose solution and an imperative observance of the 1/150-1/120 ratio of the nitrogen administered and the calories permitted to diminish the depth of the catabolic phase after the operation; also a positive nitrogen balance was reached and the patients gained weight up to the preoperative level. Strict observance of the rate of infusion and of the caval route of administration prevented coarse disturbances of the water-electrolyte and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as phlebitis and thromboses. PMID- 823542 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal regulation of thyroid function during cold]. PMID- 823545 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance in the study of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis]. PMID- 823546 TI - [Meningoencephalitis caused by "anonymous" Mycobacteria]. PMID- 823547 TI - [Current methods of microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 823548 TI - Isolation of homozygous mutants after induced self-fertilization in Tetrahymena. AB - Genomic exclusion, an unusual cytogenetic sequence during mating in Tetrahymena pyriformis, results in the production of homozygous germinal nuclei by the diploidization of haploid nuclei following meiosis. A method is presented for selecting cells that have made new somatic nuclei from these homozygous germinal nuclei, a step necessary for phenotypic expression of new mutations; this variation of the normal set of events is termed short-circuit genomic exclusion. The utility of thisapproach for obtaining induced mutations is demonstrated by the isolation and analysis of a strain homozygous for a recessive mutation conferring resistance to 2-fluoroadenosine. Occurring in about 5% of the unmutagenized pairs in specific crosses, short-circuit genomic exclusion should be of general use for the isolation of dominant or recessive induced mutations in this protozoan. PMID- 823549 TI - Marked hydrophobicity of the NH2-terminal extra piece of immunoglobulin light chain precursors: possible physiological functions of the extra piece. AB - mRNAs coding for mouse immunoglobulin light chains direct the cell-free synthesis of precursors in which extra peptide segments precede the NH2-termini of the mature proteins. The abundance (18-30%) of leucine residues in the extra piece indicates that it is quite hydrophobic [Schechter and Burstein (1976) Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 68, 489]. Accordingly, we have determined the positions of all hydrophobic residues by sequencing two k-type light (L)-chain precursors that were labeled with: [3H]Ala, [3H]Val, [3H]Leu, [3H]Ile, [3H]Thr, [3H]Pro, [3H]Phe, [3H]Tyr, [3H]Trp, [35S]Met, and [35S]Cys. The partial sequences (and sizes) of the extra pieces obtained are: in MOPC-321 precursor, Met-X-Thr-X-Thr-Leu-Leu-Leu Trp-Val-Leu-Leu-Leu-Trp-Val-Pro-X-X-Thr-X-(20 residues; X is unknown); in MOPC-41 precursor, Met-X-Met-X-Ala-Pro-Ala-X-Ile-Phe-X-Phe-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Phe-Pro-X-Thr X-Cys- (22 residues). Despite the fact that these extra pieces differ extensively in sequence (68%), both of them are highly enriched with hydrophobic residues (75% in MOPC-321, 73% in MOPC-41). This marked hydrophobicity suggests that the extra piece favors interaction of the precursor with cell membranes, in a manner similar to the function of the "hydrophobic domain" of membrane-bound proteins (e.g., glycophorin). We propse that the hydrophobic extra piece directs most precursor molecules to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are cleaved to yield mature L chain destined for scretion; a few precursor molecules escape cleavage and are embedded in the cell surface to serve as the antigen-recognizing receptor. The probability that the Leu-Leu-Leu-Trp-Val sequence occurs by change is 1.6 X 10(-8). Therefore, the data provide evidnece for duplication of a short DNA segment in the structural gene coding for the MOPC-321 precurosr. Duplication with inversion is also indicated from inverted repetition of the Phe-Lue-Leu sequence in the extra piece of the MPOC-41 precursor. PMID- 823550 TI - Sex differences in response to dietary carbohydrates. PMID- 823551 TI - The response of the sexes to nutritional stress. PMID- 823552 TI - Some effects, in baboons, of chronic glycerol ingestion [proceedings]. PMID- 823553 TI - Determination of available lysine in barley using Tetrahymena pyriformis [proceedings]. PMID- 823554 TI - In vitro generation of a chemically reactive metabolite of 2,5,2',5' tetrachlorobiphenyl by rhesus monkey liver microsomes. AB - Incubation of tritiated 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl with normal monkey liver microsomes in a NADPH-generating system results in the formation of active metabolite(s) of the [3H]2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl capable of covalently binding to Rna and protein isolated from the incubation mixture. The metabolite is not formed when the control microsomes are held at 100 degrees for 10 min prior to incubation. The addition of microsomal supernate to the solution causes an increase in the binding of the active metabolite to macromolecules while the addition of glutathione to the incubation medium significantly inhibits this increase. PMID- 823555 TI - Mobile apparatus for rapid cooling of a caged animal. PMID- 823556 TI - Juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - While information regarding the diagnosis of diabetes and acute care of the diabetic, i.e., management of ketoacidosis, is readily available, much less has been written about long-term management. In addition to a brief review of background information and recent developments in diabetes, some of the more common management problems are discussed from a practical viewpoint. Because an exhaustive review of diabetes is beyond the scope of this article, readers are referred to recent review articles for additional background information. PMID- 823557 TI - Effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on the acoustic startle response in rats. AB - A series of 3 experiments tested the effects of 0.01, 0.04, 0.19, 0.75, 3.00, and 6.00 mg/kg apomorphine and 0.13, 0.25, and 0.50 haloperidol on the acoustic startle response in rats. Apomorphine markedly facilitated startle amplitude for about 40 min after injection and then depressed startle over the next 40 min. Both the early facilitory and later inhibitory effects were directly related to the dose. Haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg--given 30 min before) completely blocked both the early facilitory and the later depressant effect of apomorphine (3 mg/kg). Haloperidol alone had only a slight depressant effect on startle. The data support the conclusion that DA receptor stimulation enhances acoustic startle amplitude and indicate that a previous report failed to find an effect of apomorphine on startle because startle was only measured 40 min after injection. PMID- 823558 TI - Assessment of morphine-type physical dependence liability: a screening method using the rat. AB - The effects of centrally acting drugs on body weight changes during 8-h periods in the daytime were studied in the rat in attempts to relate those effects with morphine-type physical liability. Repeated administration of drugs which have morphine-type physical dependence liability altered the prevailing pattern of continuous body weight decrease during the observation period in control animals to an initial increase and subsequent decrease. Withdrawal of these drugs following chronic drug treatment caused a precipitous loss of body weight. Such a body weight loss was further enhanced by the administration of naloxone. In chronically morphine-treated animals, substitution for morphine with a single dose of a test drug caused an increase in body weight or attenuated the loss of body weight due to morphine withdrawal when the test drug has physical dependence liability. Drugs may be classified according to their effects on body weight changes into several groups, each with different physical dependence liability. It is concluded that physical dependence liability of centrally acting drugs can be predicted simply, inexpensively and objectively, by their effects on the pattern of daily body weight changes. PMID- 823559 TI - Drug self-administration and sleep-awake activity in rats dependent on morphine, methadone, or l-alpha-acetylmethadol. AB - Morphine post-dependent rats were prepared with chronic cortical EEG and temporalis muscle EMG electrodes and i.v. jugular cannulae and permitted to self administer morphine (10 mg/kg/injection) on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement to reestablish and maintain dependence. Morphine was then replaced by methadone or 1-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM) at a dose of 2 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. The rats developed stable patterns of self-administration of each narcotic and maintained the dependent state. The mean (+/- S.E.) interinjection interval was 2.5 +/- 0.1 h for morphine, 1.4 +/- 0.1 h for methadone and 8.8 +- 0.8 H FOR LAAM. The distribution of sleep, REM sleep, and awake within the interinjection interval for the three narcotics was similar. A short phase of behavioral stupor concomitant with EEG slow bursts emerged following the self injections. This phase was followed by arousal with EEG activation. Sleep and REM sleep then reappeared and predominated before the next injection. LAAM manifested a relatively slow onset of action in comparison with morphine and methadone. PMID- 823560 TI - Drug-induced rotation in rats without lesions: behavioral and neurochemical indices of a normal asymmetry in nigro-striatal function. AB - Normal unoperated rats were tested for rotation (i.e., circling behavior) in a spherical "rotometer" and dose-response relationships were generated using d amphetamine, apomorphine, L-Dopa, haloperidol, and scopolamine. The rotation induced by amphetamine was significantly antagonized by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and haloperidol, but not by diethyldithiocarbamate. The rotation elicited by apomorphine was unaffected by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Rotation was not necessarily in the same direction with high and low doses of amphetamine, or amphetamine and apomorphine administered a week apart from each other. Dopaminergic-cholinergic interactions were evident, since pilocarpine antagonized amphetamine-induced rotation whereas scopolamine did not; scopolamine elicited rotation in the same direction as that induced by amphetamine. Left and right striatal dopamine and tel-diencephalic norepinephrine levels were determined in rats injected with various doses of amphetamine and tested for rotation. There were significant bilateral differences in striatal dopamine which were related to the direction of rotation. Since amphetamine was found to be equally distributed to the two sides of the brain, the difference in striatal dopamine appeared to be the neurochemical substrate for rotation in normal rats. These results suggest that normal rats have asymmetrical levels of striatal dopamine as well as an asymmetrical complement of striatal dopamine receptors. PMID- 823561 TI - Development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of mescaline intraventricularly administered to rabbits. AB - Some effects of intraventricular injection of mescaline are examined in conscious rabbits. By means of electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp it is shown that an acute treatment with 70, 100, 150 mug/kg of mescaline elicits analgesia, the intensity of which is dose-dependent: with daily administration of 100 mug/kg for 5 days a complete tolerance develops to the antinociceptive effect. A tolerance also develops to the behavioral effects of mescaline after repeated administrations, with the exception of the stuporous state, a symptom which, on the contrary, is accentuated as the treatment proceeds. An EEG arousal is induced in the rabbit by acutely administered mescaline; the chronic treatment (100 mug/kg) makes the return of voltage to original levels progressively slower. Finally, the confrontation of certain of the mescaline-induced effects with those of morphine suggests some biochemical and neural patterns common to the 2 drugs. PMID- 823562 TI - Cross tolerance to antinociception elicited by intracerebroventricular administration of mescaline and morphine to rabbits, and EEG correlates. AB - Tolerance and cross tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of equipotent doses of morphine (10 mug/kg) and mescaline (100 mug/kg) are shown in the rabbit after their repeated intracerebroventricular administration. The recording of the electrical activity of different brain areas indicates that a partial tolerance also develops to the EEG effects in animals undergoing chronic treatment with mescaline. The comparison of certain of the mescaline-induced effects with those of morphine suggests that some biochemical and neural patterns are common to the 2 drugs. PMID- 823564 TI - Effects of amitriptyline and isocarboxazid on 5-hydroxytryptophan induced head twitches in mice. AB - Effects of amitriptyline and isocarboxazid on brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA were examined in relation to their action on 5-HTP induced head twitches. Amitriptyline reduced 5-HTP induced head twitches but isocarboxazid increased them. Both amitriptyline and isocarboxazid caused a significant increase of brain 5-HT concentration in 5 HTP treated mice. Amitriptyline also caused a significant increase of 5-HIAA concentration, while isocarboxazid reduced 5-HIAA concentration in the brains of 5-HTP treated mice. Probenecid, which significantly increased 5-HIAA concentration without affecting brain 5-HT concentration in 5-HTP treated mice, reduced 5-HTP induced heat twitches. These results suggest that 5-HTP induced head twitches might be induced by an increase of 5-HT concentration, and reduced by an increase of 5-HIAA or a decrease of 5-HT concentration in the brains of mice. PMID- 823563 TI - The effect of minor tranquilizers on psychomotor performance. AB - The effect of a standard daily regimen of chlordiazepoxide, prazepam (a new benzodiazepine tranquilizer), and placebo were examined in a three way double blind comparison for a sample of normal volunteers. The criteria include a limited spectrum of psychomotor functions. A learning effect was conspicuous for all drugs on all criteria during the day-long sequence of ten trials. For the most part the differences between the drug groups were insignificant, but there were distinctive modifications in the performance of the chlordiazepoxide group. The clearest effect of the tranquilizer medications was found in the time estimation tests. Paradoxically, the drugs correct a naturally occurring perceptual error. PMID- 823566 TI - Reduction of morphine-withdrawal aggression by conditional social stimuli. AB - Sixty male hooded rats were made physically dependent on morphine by steadily increasing doses of morphine sulphate. A maintenance dose of 400 mg/kg/day was reached in 10 days and was continued for 5 additional days. At the end of the 15 day period all rats were withdrawn for 72 h and aggressive responses (attacks, rearing, and vocalization) were recorded for a 60-min period. One treatment group, in which a social experience had been paired with each morphine injection, showed significantly less morphine-withdrawal aggression than rats in two other groups which either remained socially isolated throughout the addiction period, or were grouped both at the time of morphine injection and during between injection intervals. PMID- 823567 TI - Temporal and regional differences in brain concentrations of lithium in rats. AB - Lithium (Li) concentrations have been estimated in several peripheral tissues (serum, heart, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle) and different brain areas (cortex, caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, diencephalon, midbrain, pons-medulla and cerebellum) at different intervals (0.5 to 48 h) after administrations of 3 mEq/kg of lithium chloride (LiCl). The Li concentrations in the brain areas increased gradually, reaching their peak at 8 h; the hypothalamus showed the highest concentration measured between 0.5 and 8 h; after 8 h the highest concentration was observed in the caudate nucleus, followed approximately by those of the cortex, rest of the diencephalon, and other areas. Concentration of Li in the skeletal muscle, although initially less, was maintained at a higher percentage of the initial level for more than 24 h compared to the other peripheral tissues. PMID- 823568 TI - Pentylenetetrazol-induced amnesia: a case for overt seizures. AB - In this study, the possible role of overt convulsions following pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in retrograde amnesia was investigated. Following a single passive avoidance conditioning, when overt convulsions were blocked with sodium pentobarbital (Nem), the amnesic effect of pentylenetetrazol was also blocked. Subconvulsive doses of the drug did not produce amnesia. Animals that received a typically convulsive dose of the drug but failed to convulse were not amnesic; only animals with overt convulsions were different from saline controls. The data suggest that overt convulsions may be necessary for the development of pentylenetetrazol-induced retrograde amnesia. PMID- 823569 TI - [Effect of chlorpromazine on the incorporation of sialic acid into gangliosides and glycoproteins of the chicken brain (author's transl)]. AB - Three-days-old White Leghorn chickens were used to study the effect of i.p. injected chlorpromazine (CP, 2.5 or 5 mg/animal) on the incorporation of N-(3H) acetylmannosamine into glycoprotein- and ganglioside-bound sialic acid and 14C histidine into the proteins of the cerebrum, the optic lobes, and the cerebellum after incorporation periods of 1-24 h. All experiments were performed under constant temperature conditions. 1. The incorporation of 14C-histidine into the proteins of the optic lobes was not influenced by CP. 2. Within 24 h in the optic lobes neither the concentration of particle-bound sialic acid (mug sialic acid/mg protein) nor the content of radioactive-labeled sialic acid precursor was affected by the drug. 3. The rate of incorporation of labeled sialic acid into glycoproteins and gangliosides, however, was up to 6 h after the injection of the precursor much lower in the CP-treated animals than in controls. This may indicate, that the turnover of sialo-compounds was diminished by CP. 4. The inhibition was the most intensive in the cerebrum (up to 80%), lower in the optic lobes (up to 70%), and only small in the cerebellum (up to 20%), but was always the same for glycoproteins and gangliosides. The different inhibition rates in the different structures may indicate a correlation between the pharmacologic, sedative effects of the drug and the diminished turnover of sialo compounds. PMID- 823565 TI - Neuropsychologic effects of diazepam related to single dose kinetics and liver function. AB - The neurophysiologic and neuropsychologic effects and their relation to the kinetics of diazepam (DZ) were studied in 10 patients with impaired liver function of various degrees and in three normal subjects after 10 mg DZ i.v. The plasma concentration data were treated according to a two-compartment open model. Neurophysiologic effect measurements were obtained from galvanic skin response, continuous reaction times (CRT), heart rate, and averaged evoked potentials; neuropsychologic measurements were obtained from trail making A + B, hidden pattern, word fluency, and subtraction tests; in addition, clinical effects were rated by Beechers Mood Scale and Spielbergers Anxiety Scale. Except for trail making A and word fluency all tests discriminated well between the experimental conditions with or without diazepam. No difference from normal in the response to acute diazepam administration could be detected in patients with reduced liver function. A linear correlation between prolongation in CRT and DZ log plasma concentration was demonstrated in the entire, heterogenous patient material. In the clinical ratings only items of a predominantly sedative and autonomic significance responded to the diazepam injection, while predominantly anxiolytic items did not. PMID- 823570 TI - [Aggressive behaviour induced by apomorphine: relations with some elements of the behavioural profile and with the sensitivity to apomorphine (author's transl)]. AB - Aggressive rats could be differentiated from non-aggressive rats on a lower rate of rearing reactions in the open-field activity, as well as on a weaker aptitude for learning, increasing with the complication of the test. The two groups of rats had comparable activity, and a comparable response to pain. Apomorphine decreased the number of rearing reactions and defecations on open-field activity in the same manner in non-aggressive rats as in aggressive animals. In the usual housing conditions, apomorphine increased similarly locomotor activity in both groups, but in observation cages of "emotional" type, the increase was much more pronounced in aggressive rats than in non-aggressive animals. PMID- 823571 TI - Effects of nicotine on discrimination learning, consolidation and learned behaviour in two inbred strains of mice. AB - DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice were injected with nicotine, and tested in a Y water maze in two procedures: the L procedure, coresponding to innate behavior, in which the animals must swim towards the light, and the D procedure, corresponding to the acquisition of a new pattern of behavior, in which they must swim toward the dark. Three sets of experiments were carried out: 1. In the pre-trial experiments, nicotine administration improved the innate tendencies of both strains, while the acquisition of a new behavior was facilitated in the C57 and impaired in the DBA mice. 2. In the post-trial experiments (D procedure), nicotine administration induced clear facilitating effects on the consolidation processes of the C57, while impairing these processes in the DBA strain. 3. The only effect evident, following nicotine administration, before the highest doses were reached, in the trained mice of both strains, was a performance impairment of the DBA mice trained in the L procedure. PMID- 823572 TI - Differences in the effects of post-trial chlorpromazine, reserpine, and amphetamine on discrimination learning in rats. AB - Rats were trained to perform in discrimination learning reinforced by water for 6 days, and were intraperitoneally injected with chlorpromazine, reserpine, or d amphetamine after each training session. Although chlorpromazine at the dose levels of 0.5 mg/kg or more injected immediately after training impaired learning, the drug did not affect learning when it was injected 60 min after training. Reserpine and amphetamine also impaired learning, but delaying the time intervals between training and injection to 60 min or more had no influence on this learning impairment. Post-trial chlorpromazine and amphetamine had no effect on, but reserpine decreased, motility in the subsequent training session. Chlorpromazine had no effect on water intake in the subsequent session, but reserpine and amphetamine decreased water intake at the dose levels that impaired learning. It was concluded that all three drugs impaired learning, but differed in their effects on learning; chlorpromazine impaired learning by a specific effect on learning itself; reserpine, by a non-specific effect on behavior due to a long acting sedation; and amphetamine, by an effect to decrease the motivation to drink water. The specific effect of chlorpromazine could be related to the hypothesis of "memory trace" synthesis. PMID- 823573 TI - Delta-9-THC and nonverbal communication in monkeys. AB - Male rhesus monkeys were trained to perform an instrumental avoidance conditioned response. They were then paired in the "cooperative conditioning" paradigm, a situation designed to measure the quality of nonverbal communication by changes in facial expression. A "responder monkey" was able to perform discriminated instrumental avoidance responses by processing facial expressive cues provided through a closed circuit television picture of a "stimulus monkey" which was receiving presentations of the conditioned stimulus. Oral administration of 1.0 mg/kg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) to the stimulus animal, the responder, both animals, or neither animal was given in all possible combinations of pairings to determine if delta-9-THC affects the expressiveness of the stimulus monkey or the sensitivity of the responder to the expressions of others. The drug impaired the display of facial expression in "stimulus" subjects but enhanced the ability of "responders" to discriminate the expressions of their partners. Measures of heart rate during cooperative conditioning revealed that delta-9-THC lowered cardiac rates of responder monkeys. PMID- 823574 TI - Interaction between hyperbaric air and d-amphetamine effects on performance. AB - Rats performing on a progressive-ratio schedule that required five additional responses for each successive food reinforcement were administered d-amphetamine. The number of responses required increased until the next ratio was not completed within 15 min. The number of reinforcements obtained during a session increased with increasing doses of d-amphetamine from 0.25 mg/kg to a maximum behavioral effect at 1.0 to 2.0 mg/kg followed by a decline with higher doses. To assess the effects of hyperbaric air on the established d-amphetamine performance, the same doses were administered to rats breathing compressed air at seven times normal atmospheric pressure (7.1 ATA). In the hyperbaric condition the dose-effect function was displaced toward smaller doses such that the maximum behavioral effect was obtained at lower doses than under normal atmospheric pressure; does that produced maximum behavioral effects under normal pressure produced a decline in reinforcements obtained. PMID- 823575 TI - Influence of pheniramine and chlorpheniramine on apomorphine induced compulsive gnawing in mice. AB - In mice, apomorphine (10 mg/kg s.c.) does not induce a compulsion to gnaw, but pretreatment with antihistamines, viz. pheniramine, chlorpheniramine and mepyramine, in doses ranging from 30 to 60 mg/kg i.p. caused gnawing activity. Mepyramine showed significantly less effect when compared to the other two agents. Antihistamines are known to influence the activity of biogenic amines in central nervous system. The potentiation of apomorphine-induced gnawing by antihistamines might depend upon the reciprocal balance between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. This was tested by blocking biosynthesis of biogenic amines or by blocking their receptors. The potentiation of gnawing was antagonised by physostigmine (0.25 mg/kg) or blocked by pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (alpha-MPT) (4 X 150 mg/kg) and bis-(4-methyl-1 homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)-disulphide (FLA) (40 mg/kg), while p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA) (3 X 100 mg/kg) had no effect. Similarly, phenoxybenzamine (30 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) inhibited gnawing activity, but methysergide (10 mg/kg) had no effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with tetrabenazine (20 mg/kg) and L-Dopa (200 mg/kg) did not affect gnawing activity. It is concluded that both pheniramine and chlorpheniramine potentiate apomorphine gnawing by upsetting the cholinergic and dopaminergic balance in favour of dopaminergic dominance. PMID- 823576 TI - Differential effects of chlordiazepoxide on simultaneous and successive brightness discrimination learning in rats. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at a dose of 20 mg/kg, i.p. was found to exert a marked disruptive effect on black-white successive discrimination learning in rats, while this effect failed to be obtained on black-gray simultaneous discrimination. Since trials to the learning criterion were found almost equal for saline rats on both successive and simultaneous discrimination tasks, the differential inhibitory effects of CDP could not be accounted for in terms of differences in difficulties of the two tasks. It is suggested that present results might be interpreted in terms of the hypotheses (a) that CDP produces a deficit in the integration of relevant stimulus cues when they were presented across trials or (b) that CDP has a disinhibitory effect in that inhibition of dominant response (positional preference) patterns is weakened by the drug, in a manner similar to effects observed in hippocampectomized animals. PMID- 823577 TI - The effects of alcohol and atropine on EEG and behavior in the rabbit. AB - Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from hippocampus and neocortex of rabbits. It was found that movement, movement-related 6-12 Hz rhythmical slow activity (RSA), and movement-related neocortical desynchronization were unaffected by intravenous atropine sulfate but depressed by ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Slower 4-8 Hz immobility-relate- RSA and immobility related neocortical desynchronization produced by sensory stimulation (visual, auditory, tactile, vestibular) were relatively unaffected by ethanol even at high (0.1-0.2 g-%) blood alcohol levels, but were abolished by atropine sulfate. The results provide evidence for the idea of two pharmacologically separable cortical activating systems and suggest that ethanol has a greater effect on non cholinergic than cholinergic systems. PMID- 823579 TI - Morphine-based secondary reinforcement: effects of different doses of naloxone. AB - The effects of different doses of naloxone on morphine-based secondary reinforcement were studied in rats. On the first day a neutral stimulus (buzzer) was repeatedly paired with intravenous morphine infusions. Drug treatments consisted of Low, Medium, or High Naloxone doses, or No Naloxone. The next day the ability of the buzzer and saline infusion to support lever pressing was tested. High Naloxone blocked, and Low Naloxone partially blocked this morphine based secondary reinforcement. Subjects in the Medium Naloxone group demonstrated an apparent avoidance of the lever, suggesting that the morphine infusions were aversive at this dosage level of naloxone. The secondary reinforcement tests reliably predicted behavior on a subsequent test for acquisition of morphine seeking behavior. PMID- 823578 TI - The interaction between electrically induced convulsions and tolerance in the abstinence period after chronic barbital treatments in the rat. AB - The effect of electrically induced convulsions was tested on the tolerance to hexobarbital after chronic barbital treatment in male rats. In two experiments barbital was given in the drinking water for more than 20 weeks. The dose was around 200 mg/kg/day. Tolerance was tested with an EEG threshold method where hexobarbital is infused intravenously to obtain a criterion of burst suppression. If on the third abstinent day an electrical convulsion was induced 1 h prior to the threshold determination then the hexobarbital thresholds were reduced compared with barbital-treated animals where no convulsion had been induced (Fig.2). The distribution of hexobarbital threshold doses tended to be biphasic in the barbital-treated animals where a convulsion had been induced. The animals with the most "normal" thresholds in this distribution did not show any increase in threshold on the 24th abstinent day and had a larger mortality during the observation period after the first barbital treatment. Long-term effects of the convulsion thus cannot be excluded in rats if the tolerance on the third abstinent day after a barbital treatment was influenced. No effect of the convulsion was found in untreated controls. The hypothesis that convulsions are means to reduce the changes of physical dependence in the central nervous system was not refuted by the present experiments. A survey of the literature indicates that acetylcholine might be one central nervous transmittor that is involved in these changes. PMID- 823580 TI - Effects of caffeine on discrimination learning, consolidation, and learned behavior in mice. AB - Three sets of experiments were carried out in a Y water maze in which mice had to swim toward the light or the dark, in two different procedures. The first procedure involved, orientation toward a light source (L procedure), corresponding to natural preference, the latter involved orientation toward the dark (D procedure), corresponding to the acquisition of a new pattern of behavior. In pretrial drug treatments caffeine was administered to two groups of naive mice, tested under one of two experimental conditions. Posttrial drug treatments were made in animals learning the D procedure. Pretrained mice in the L or D procedure were finally injected with increasing doses of the drug. The results show that caffeine administration to naive animals was followed, in the D procedure, by a facilitation of learning and consolidation processes, and in the L procedure by improvements of the natural tendencies. Behavioral disruption followed treatment with the drug in mice pretrained in the D procedure, while only very high doses caused disruption in mice pretrained in the L procedure. PMID- 823582 TI - Measurement of acute and chronic behavioural effects of methamphetamine in the mouse. AB - A simple and reliable method was developed for rating the dose-related behavioural effects of methamphetamine in male Swiss Albino mice for acute or chronic drug treatment. This procedure was based on a frequency count of certain behaviours made at 15-min intervals over a 90-min period following drug administration. The Fisher Randomization procedure was adapted to analyze behavioural data for the chronic studies. Clear-cut, dose-related behavioural responses occurred following acute (+)-methamphetamine administration and ranged from decreased quiescence (0.64 mg/kg) through increased locomotor activity (2.5 mg/kg), a mixture of stereotyped behaviour and increased locomotor activity (5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg), to primarily stereotyped gnawing, licking or sniffing (10 mg/kg). In studies involving chronic administration of (+)-methamphetamine at 0.64, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg conducted over six and seven weeks, behavioural responses were more exaggerated than in acute studies. All behaviours returned to normal levels in the recovery week except for locomotor activity at the 10 mg/kg dosage. In some animals, chronic treatment with 10 mg/kg (+)-methamphetamine led to protracted self-tearing that replaced the gnawing, licking, sniffing stereotype. PMID- 823581 TI - Interaction between cholinergic and catecholaminergic agents in a spontaneous alternation task. AB - Spontaneous alternation was examined in a free running Y-maze task after various pharmacological manipulations. Whereas scopolamine reduced alternation to chance levels, d-amphetamine in some doses resulted in alternation significantly below chance (perservation). Physostigmine treatment increased levels of alternation whereas reserpine was without effect. Concurrent administration of drugs revealed that reserpine effectively reversed the effects of scopolamine, while the perseveration induced by d-amphetamine was antagonized by physostigmine. When animals were pre-exposed to the Y-maze the effects of d-amphetamine were enhanced, but effects of scopolamine were not modified. Finally, scopolamine treatment augmented the perseverative effects of d-amphetamine. It was suggested that cholinergic agents modify alternation by effects on habituation. On the other hand d-amphetamine produces genuine perseveration without effects on habituation per se. Alternation performance and perseveration were suggested to be mediated by the interaction between the distinct behavioral effects of cholinergic and catecholaminergic activity. PMID- 823584 TI - The effects of (+)-amphetamine and fenfluramine on feeding in starved and satiated mice. AB - (+)-Amphetamine and fenfluramine depressed both the food intake during the first 2 h of feeding of mice adapted to feed between 12:00 and 15:00 daily and the food intake of free feeding mice between 24:00 and 02:00 (lighting on, 09:00-21:00) in a dose-dependent manner. Higher doses of each drug were needed to produce a significant depression in the latter case. However, (+)-amphetamine (0.5-2 mg/kg) markedly increased the negligible food intake of free feeding mice between 12:00 and 14:00, an effect which rapidly disappeared at higher doses. Fenfluramine at doses up to 40 mg/kg had no effect on the feeding of these mice. Nevertheless, as caffeine (10-40 mg/kg) also increased feeding, behavioural arousal might be an important factor in this anomalous feeding response, although a specific action by (+)-amphetamine and caffeine on the feeding centres of the satiated mouse cannot be ruled out. PMID- 823583 TI - Effects of lithium on open field behavior in "stressed" and "unstressed" rats. AB - Rats were tested for 3 min per day, for 4 successive days, in an open field apparatus, 20 min after injection of either lithium chloride (2 mEq/kg) or physiological saline. In the first experiment, the open field was illuminated with moderate white light for some rats (stress condition) and dim red light for others (non-stress condition). In the second experiment, some rats received an electric foot shock 5 h before each open field test (stress condition) and others received no foot shock (non-stress condition). In both experiments, lithium significantly reduced rearing behavior in the stressed, but not the unstressed, rats. Lithium also reduced horizontal locomotion, but this effect appeared in both stressed and unstressed rats. In the second experiment, defecation was measured, and it was found that lithium-treated rats defecated less than saline treated rats in the first session, but not in subsequent sessions, due to habituation which occurred for the saline rats. PMID- 823585 TI - Intraventricular self-administration of morphine in naive laboratory rats. AB - Male Wistar rats implanted with cannulae aimed at the left lateral cerebral ventricle were individually maintained in Skinner boxes for 11 consecutive days. Animals were neither predependent on morphine nor shaped to press the operant lever. Experimental animals (n = 7) obtained intraventricular infusions of a 1% morphine HCl solution (2 mul per 5-s infusion) for each lever press while control animals (n = 7) received only the vehicle. Four animals were yoked to experimental animals and received equivalent but non-contingent morphine HCl infusions. The mean number of lever presses per day for the experimental group was significantly higher than for the vehicle control or yoked control groups suggesting that naive rats will work for the positive reinforcing properties of morphine when it is infused centrally. PMID- 823586 TI - The effect of chlordiazepoxide on the anticipation of electric shocks. AB - The action of 20 mg chlordiazepoxide upon two different anxiety-evoking conditions in comparison with a control condition was investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled study with 90 healthy male students. The Ss were told to expect an electric shock two times as strong under one condition and five times as strong under the other one in relation to a shock they had previously found unpleasant. During the anticipation interval of 20 min duration HR, GSR, respiration rate, and a rating of subjective emotional arousal were continuously recorded. The greatest effects of stress could be observed within the last 2 min of the anticipation interval, while interactions between drug- and stress conditions occurred only at the beginning of the 20-min interval. Under the strong stress condition chlordiazepoxide showed an anxiety-reducing effect, under the control condition, however, paradoxical effects. PMID- 823587 TI - Scopolamine and adjunctive drinking in rats. AB - Nine, food-deprived rats were each given daily sessions during which 60 45-mg food pellets were delivered individually at 60-sec intervals, independently of behaviour. Water spouts were available to the animals and the intermittent delivery of food induced high levels of adjunctive drinking. The administration of scopolamine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-related attenuation of this drinking. A dose of physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg) was found to slightly reduce levels of drinking but this dose did not consistently modify the action of scopolamine on this behaviour. Tolerance was found to occur to the action of the highest dose of scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg). PMID- 823589 TI - Distribution and properties of PNMT in the brain of various mammalian species. PMID- 823588 TI - Attenuation of intravenous amphetamine reinforcement by central dopamine blockade in rats. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) receptor blockade differentially affected amphetamine self-administration. DA blockade (pimozide, 0.0625 to 0.5 mg/kg, or (+)-butaclamol, 0.0125 to 0.1 mg/kg) caused periods of increased rate of responding for amphetamine which were followed, in the case of higher doses, by response cessation. The response cessation produced by 0.5 mg/kg pimozide was not reversed by non-contingent amphetamine injections until well after the peak effect of the pimozide was over. When access to amphetamine injections was delayed until 4 h after animals received 0.5 mg/kg pimozide, rate of responding was elevated. Thus DA seems to be critically involved in mediation of the reinforcing effects of amphetamine. Alpha-NE blockade with phentolamine (2.5-10 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in responding; blockade with phenoxybenzamine (1.25-10 mg/kg) had no effect. Beta-NE blockade with l propranolol (2.5-10 mg/kg) decreased responding, although probably not through a beta-blocking action. The effects of phentolamine and propranolol do not appear to result from attenuation of the reinforcing effects of amphetamine. PMID- 823591 TI - The selective effect of acute and chronic cocaine administration on aggressive behavior. PMID- 823590 TI - The effects of cocaine on the EEG of the monkey: behavioral and pharmacological correlates. PMID- 823592 TI - Characteristics of behavior controlled by cocaine injections. PMID- 823593 TI - Two-dimensional visualization of stopping pion distributions. PMID- 823594 TI - The interaction of hyperthermia with fast neutrons or x rays on local tumor response. PMID- 823596 TI - [Dose-response relationship between the number of microorganisms and their radiation resistance]. PMID- 823597 TI - 20-year survival of seminoma after repeated radiation treatment at 200 kV for abdominal metastases of seminoma: renal and vertebral sequelae. AB - A 25-year-old man with a seminoma is irradiated several times until the age of 33 for multiple and relapsing metastases. The recovery is maintained for 20 years. The very high total irradiation doses have caused osteonecrotic lesions of the lumbar spine and some functional, but discreet renal problems. PMID- 823598 TI - Coronary arteriography: uncommon observations. PMID- 823595 TI - The hospital fire problem--towards a rational approach. PMID- 823599 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 823600 TI - Vitamins E and K. PMID- 823601 TI - Famine oedema. PMID- 823602 TI - Nutrition in relation to trauma and surgery. PMID- 823603 TI - Protein deficiency in adults. PMID- 823604 TI - [Heterogeneity of RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 823605 TI - [In vitro synthesis of ribosomal RNA (author's transl)]. PMID- 823607 TI - A comparative study on the influence of atmospheric gases on the production of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxin Bo1. PMID- 823606 TI - Effect of estrogen on activity of prostaglandin synthetase in rabbit oviduct. AB - The activity of the prostaglandin synthetase system in the ampulla and isthmus of the rabbit oviduct has been studied in vitro. Thirty hours after an injection of estrogen the isthmus produced significantly more total prostaglandins following 9 minutes of incubation than the ampulla. These values were not, however, significantly different from those observed following 9 minutes of incubation in the same portions of the oviducts of estrous or castrate animals. Furthermore, the total yields of prostaglandins at thirty minutes did not differ significantly between treatment groups. PMID- 823610 TI - [Cutaneous microvascular lesions in plasmoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 823609 TI - [Use of chick-pea flour (GL) in the treatment of acute diarrhea of the infant]. PMID- 823611 TI - [Concept and definition of heavy chain diseases]. PMID- 823612 TI - [Endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Description of a case with perforation of the aortic valve]. PMID- 823613 TI - [Influence of the environment on the regulation of diurnal vigilance in the baboon]. PMID- 823614 TI - [Electrographic "status epilepticus" during afternoon sleep]. PMID- 823608 TI - [Multiple pregnancy in Rh negative women]. PMID- 823616 TI - [Border line between the "petit mal" and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 823615 TI - [Wakefulness-sleep cycle studied by telementry in a lemurian (Lemur macaco fulvus)]. PMID- 823618 TI - Absence of pathological changes following intravenous methamphetamine and intra arterial iothalamate meglumine. AB - Eleven Rhesus monkeys received injections of intravenous methamphetamine hydrochloride (Desoxyn) and/or intra-arterial 60% iothalamate meglumine (Conray) according to a schedule previously reported to produce marked radiological and pathological changes in the cerebral vasculature of the Rhesus monkey. While radiological changes consistent with impaired cerebral circulation were observed, they could not be correlated directly with the administration of intravenous methamphetamine because of the trauma and variability of the technique utilized. Moreover, significant pathological changes could not be found in animals given intravenous methamphetamine alone, intra-arterial iothalamate meglumine alone, or both drugs together. This was true for both drug naive and drug experienced monkeys. These results suggest: (1) radiological changes consistent with decreased cerebral blood flow are not necessarily pathognomonic for reported morphological lesions, and (2) further investigation is required to determine the specific factors necessary to cause the previously reported changes. PMID- 823617 TI - Ozone exposure modifies prostaglandin biosynthesis in perfused rat lungs. AB - Exposure of perfused rat lungs to 3.0 ppm of ozone produced a rapid onset of edema and an increased resistance to inflation. Both the Km and Vmax of the enzymic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins were decreased by ozone exposure suggesting an uncompetitive inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by O3. Reduced glutathione failed to prevent the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by O3. PMID- 823620 TI - [Diagnostic problems in genitourinary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 823619 TI - Changes in bovine immunoglobulin levels during a response to homologous erythrocyte membrane antigen. AB - Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM were studied in cows immunised with a butanol extract of bovine erythrocytes. Donor and recipients were matched to differ at only one known red cell antigen, the V antigen, and after the first course of injections a weak antibody response to V antigen was associated with elevated levels of IgG2 immunoglobulins. A second course of injections of V antigens together with Bordetella pertussis led to a stronger and more longlasting antibody response to V and this was associated with elevated levels of IgG1 and correspondingly decreased levels of IgG2. One cow calved during the period of investigation and it was found that even though serum antibody levels disappeared three weeks before calving there was a high antibody titre in the colostrum which was passed on to the calf. The loss of serum antibodies before calving was associated with a fourfold drop in serum IgG1 and an increase in serum IgG2 levels. PMID- 823621 TI - [Influence of sex and estrous cycle upon trh-induced tsh response, in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 823622 TI - [Pituitary responses to synthetic THR; on subjects living in an endemic goiter area: influence of iodine therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 823623 TI - [An episode of alimentary toxinfection caused by Bacillus cereus]. PMID- 823625 TI - [Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and unilateral exophthalmia]. PMID- 823627 TI - Distribution of the antigens A, D and c on red cell membranes. PMID- 823624 TI - [Periodontal clinical manifestations in carbohydrate metabolism disorders]. PMID- 823629 TI - Toxocariasis and ascariasis: a comparison. I. Description of infection, haematological response, serum proteins and skin test with Toxocara canis antigen. PMID- 823630 TI - Maternal Chagas' infection and prematurity. PMID- 823626 TI - [Serum glycosyltransferase activity associated with antigen biosynthesis in blood groups A and B. Study of normal B group and cis AB group subjects]. AB - Two groups of alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity were described in the sera of 132 caucasian B donors of the National Centre of Blood Transfusion, Paris. The group having the lowest activity represented 84% of the caucasian population, the second one: 16%. They were related neither to the secretory status nor to the genotype of the individuals studied. In some of the 20 african sera studied a third group of activity could be defined. In the caucasian population, these groups were clearly correlated to the agglutinability of the red cells by anti B serum. But no clearcut agglutinability groups could be defined. In the african heterogeneous population, there was no relationship between the two parameters. We did not find the third group of Gibbs. The agglutinability of the B red cells by anti-H (Ulex europaeus) varied inversely as transferase activity and two relationships were distinguished according to the ethnical origin. Only in the caucasian population, this phenomenon was in close relationship with the B agglutinability. Glycosyltransferases activities associated to the biosynthesis of A and B blood group antigens were looked for in 12 cis AB samples from 5 families. The alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamyltransferase activity was always weaker than that of normal A and AB sera except for A/cis AB genotype individuals. The presence of alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity was demonstrated using 2' fucosyllactose as acceptor and by transformation of O red cells into weak B active ones. PMID- 823628 TI - [Properties of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in sera of group A and weak A subjects]. AB - Activities of A gene-specified alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in sera of subjects with "normal A" (A1, A2, A1B, A2B) and "weak A" phenotypes (A3, Ax, Aend, Am, Ay and Ael) have been investigated using both 2'fucosyllactose and O red blood cells as exogeneous acceptors with H serological specificity. Among the normal A samples, the enzymatic studies provided two main conclusions: 1) A1 and A2 gene-products respectively found in A1 or A1B and A2 or A2B sera, could be distinguished from each other according to their kinetic properties, namely: (i) optimum pH activity (6.0 or 7.0 respectively); (ii) metal requirement (effect of Mg++); (iii) in vitro conversion of O into A RBC. As a matter of fact, A1 and A1B sera gave high RBC converted titer, but A2 sera lead to very weak or negative values. However an unexpected difference of behavior noticed between A2 and A2B sera,--the latter being a good source of A enzyme for RBC conversion,--suggested a possible interaction between A2 and O gene products on the one hand, A2 and B gene products on the other. 2) A simple and reproducible assay, established on pH ratio dependent values, allows the direct recognition of A1A2 genotypes among A1 subjects, which means that both A1 and A2 enzymes are present in heterozygote sera. Further studies on "weak A" samples sera can be summarized as follows: a) Two kinds of Am bloods--tentatively named AmA1 and AmA2--were identified according to the kinetic properties of their enzymes which were respectively similar to those described in A1 and A2 sera. However, the activity of "Am" enzymes was only 1/2 to 1/3 of that of controls A1 or A2. The genetical background of Am phenotypes was then discussed to the light of results leading to the experimental identification of A2AmA1 genotypes. b) In prolonged incubation times, a very weak A enzyme activity (1/50 to 1/200 of controls) was noticed in Ay sera. Therefore the recessive "yA" gene appears to be not completely silent, but blocks the A enzyme synthesis in most of the cell lines of the organism. c) A3 samples are highly heterogeneous. Two groups of individuals were first identified in which the A enzyme activities was weak (group I, activity 1/8 to 1/20 of controls) or absent (group II). Moreover the occurrence of an A3serum exhibiting strong A enzyme activity (1/2 to 1/3 of controls) and kinetic properties similar to those described in A1 sera suggest the possible existence of a third group. d) In standard or prolonged incubation times, alpha-N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase seems to be absent in several samples of Ax, Aend or Ael sera. In these cases, as well as in the A3 group II samples sera, no hydrolase or inhibiting substances for transferase activity was demonstrated. Finally, from all these results, the significance of the transferases activities and properties measurements performed directly on whole sera was discussed. PMID- 823631 TI - [Anatomo-pathological aspects and therapeutic response in experimental chronic Chagas' disease]. PMID- 823634 TI - [Description of a photometric technic for quantitative evaluation of DNA]. PMID- 823633 TI - Evidence that D-penicillamine alters the course of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 823635 TI - A comparison of intellectual performaces in centrencephalic and temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 823636 TI - [Comparison between the spatial behavior of enamel and dentin crown contour in the Cercopithecus aetiops pygerytrus (Vervet Monkey)]. PMID- 823639 TI - Studies on Branhamella Catarrhalis (Neisseria catarrhalis) with special reference to maxillary sinusitis. AB - Paired sera from 97 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were examined regarding antibodies to Branhamella catarrhalis. Precipitating antibodies were demonstrated in almost all sera both from patients and from healthy blood donors. Complement-fixing (CF) antibodies to B. catarrhalis were present in sera from 25 of the 97 patients and in one of 20 healthy blood donors. The titres were low and the titre changes when present were of a small magnitude. CF antibodies were most commonly demonstrated in the younger age groups. The patients with demonstrable CF antibodies to B. catarrhalis did not differ from patients without antibodies regarding radiological appearance or healing during therapy. Strains of B. catarrhalis were all rapidly killed by normal human serum but not in heated sera. The strains could not multiplicate significantly at an oxygen tension corresponding to about half the atmospheric value. The possible significance of the serological and bacteriological findings is discussed. PMID- 823632 TI - [Reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and false-positive results : Schistosomiasis mansoni and Chagas' disease]. PMID- 823640 TI - [Problems in behavior testing of plant protective agents in surface waters]. PMID- 823638 TI - Bacteraemia in patients with leukaemia and allied neoplastic diseases. AB - 94 episodes of bacteraemia were demonstrated in 79 patients with leukaemia and allied disorders over a 3-year period. The relative proportions of different microorganisms differed from that of an unselected Danish material in the high proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemias, and from studies from other centers for cancer treatment in the high proportion of cases where gram-positive cocci were isolated. 70% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were fully sensitive to antibiotics or resistant only to penicillin G. A liberal use of penicillins and aminoglycoside antibiotics was employed in the department. No outbreaks attributable to cross infection with a single variety of Staph. aureus or Ps. aeruginosa strains were found during the study. PMID- 823637 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation in 342 surgical patients. PMID- 823641 TI - Experimental scrapie in the mouse: a review of an important model disease. PMID- 823642 TI - Genetics of biosynthesis and overproduction of penicillin. PMID- 823643 TI - Endocrine-dependent rat mammary tumor regression: use of a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog. AB - Long-term administration of [D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH210, Pro-ethylamide9]-GnRH, an analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone, caused regression of neoplastic tissue in a rat bearing a spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma and in rats in which tumors had been induced by treatment with dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). During two separate treatment periods with the analog, the tumor in the single animal regressed although it had previously grown spontaneously. After a third period of growth, ovariectomy also induced regression, suggesting endocrine dependency of the tumor. These observations were confirmed in the DMBA-induced tumor system, where tumor regression in the analog-treated rats was comparable to that observed in the ovariectomized rats, and in both cases the tumor regression was significant when compared to untreated controls. PMID- 823644 TI - Protective effects of ileal bypass versus administration of clofibrate on experimental hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in monkeys. AB - This study was designed to compare the ability of distal intestinal bypass versus clofibrate administration to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia in monkeys on a standardized atherogenic regimen. Three groups of monkeys were studied: one group was submitted to intestinal bypass, one group was fed clofibrate, and one group served as dietary controls. Serum cholesterol levels and group served as dietary controls. Serum cholesterol levels and gross atheromatous lesions were studied. Clofibrate offered moderate protection against experimental hypercholesteroiemia and atherosclerosis, but in animals with surgical bypass of the distal one third of the small intestine, the protection appeared to be more complete. PMID- 823645 TI - Congenital tuberculosis. AB - Congenital tuberculosis is a rare and often fatal disease. This report concerned a premature infant in whom the disease was found after postpartum diagnosis in the mother. Use of endotracheal tube aspirates to diagnose tuberculosis in the infant is a unique feature of this case. PMID- 823646 TI - Light chain disease: report of an atypical case. AB - A 50-year-old black man had the signs and symptoms of severe anemia. His bone marrow contained sheets of primitive cells that could only be conclusively identified as being of plasmacytic origin by electron microscopy. These cells produced only a small quantity of kappa light chain but did fluoresce when stained with immunofluorescent antikappa stain. His initial response to chemotherapy was dramatic, but after eight months his condition was refractory to all further attempts at treatment. This case supports the observation of Hobbs that patients with Bence-Jones myeloma may have a poorer prognosis than those with otherwise typical IgG or IgA myeloma. PMID- 823647 TI - [Comparative values of Rh antibodies in serum of the mother and concentration of bilirubin in the amniotic fluid in Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 823649 TI - The diencephalon of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Part I: thalamus and metathalamus. AB - The diencephalon of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) is described and compared with that of other primates, particularly the macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta). In the vervet monkey, the thalamus is divided into six nuclear groups: anterior, midline, medial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral and posterior. The anterior nuclear group shows a regressive nucleus anterodorsalis and a poorly defined demarcation between the nuclei anteromedialis and anteroventralis. There is a large interthalamic adhesion in which the ventral region containing nuclei centralis medialis, interventralis and reuniens, shows more regression than the dorsal region consisting of nuclei parataenialis and paraventralis. As the nucleus medialis ventralis is not present, the nucleus medialis dorsalis is described as the nucleus medialis; this is clearly differentiated into three parts, each part showing different cytological and architectonic features. The nucleus centrum medianum is larger and better developed than that of lower primates but is not entirely demarcated from the nucleus parafascicularis. The pulvinar is an enormous outgrowth from the dorsolateral thalamic nuclei. The ventrolateral thalamic nuclei are well differentiated from one another: a distinct nucleus ventralis dorsomedialis is present and appears to possess definite topographical and cytological differences from those of the other ventrolateral nuclei. The nucleus ventralis posteromedialis is further differentiated into a magno- and a parvocellular part. The nucleus ventralis posteroinferioris is a distinct entity. The lateral geniculate body shows a definite differentiation into two nuclei: pregeniculate and lateral geniculate nuclei. The lateral geniculate nucleus is a six-layered structure which is of the inverted type; it has undergone a lateral rotation through an anteroposterior axis from a dorsal position in the prosimian thalamus to its present ventral position in the higher primate thalamus. The medial geniculate body is not laminated as is the lateral geniculate nucleus; it consists of a small dorsomedial magnocellular and a large ventrolateral parvocellular part. PMID- 823648 TI - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 823651 TI - Therapeutic midtrimester abortion by the intra-uterine administration of prostaglandins. Experience of Groote Schuur Hospital, 1974-1975. AB - During the period from 1 January 1974 to 31 December 1975, 71 therapeutic midtrimester abortions were performed at Groote Schuur Hospital by the intra uterine administration of prostaglandins. Both the extra- and intra-amniotic routes of administration proved to be uniformly successful but the latter route was associated with fewer side-effects. The intra-amniotic administration of 30 mg prostaglandin F2alpha in combination with 60 g urea is the recommended method for achieving midtrimester abortion. If the method described is strictly adhered to, it provides a single-dose regimen which is uniformly successful and which is associated with few complications. PMID- 823650 TI - The diencephalon of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Part II: epithalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus. AB - The nuclear configuration and topography of the epithalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) are described and compared with those of other primates, particularly the macaque monkey. The epithalamus does not show any striking structural differences, except some architectonic differentiation in the lateral habenular nucleus. The subthalamus is a phylogenetically stable structure throughout the primate scale; it does not show any significant changes, except that it extends less rostrally and that the nuclei entopeduncularis and peripeduncularis are much smaller and less well defined in the vervet monkey than those in the diencephalon of lower primates. The nucleus subthalamicus and the fields of Forel, though small in size, are comparatively well developed; the zona incerta appears to be differentiated cytoarchitectonically into two parts. The hypothalamus is divided morphologically into four regions--the preoptic, supraoptic, infundibular and mamillary regions. Although the hypothalamus of the vervet monkey is topographically identifiable with those of other primates, there are cyto- and myeloarchitectonic differences to be found in certain hypothalamic nuclei and areas. The preoptic region is small and poorly delimited from the parolfactory region antierorly and the supraoptic region posteriorly. The nucleus paraventricularis is large and well differentiated into secretory and non-secretory portions; the nucleus supraopticus does not show cellular separation into dorsolateral and ventromedial parts as clearly as they are in other primates. The nucleus dorsomedialis is not as well defined as the nucleus ventromedialis like it is in other primates. The nucleus tuberalis lateralis is comparably small, and is not split into several cellular groups as it is in higher primates. The posterior hypothalamic area is morphologically the best definable of the hypothalamic areas. The mamillary region is developmentally advanced, and very well differentiated into medial, lateral and intercalated nuclei. PMID- 823652 TI - Protein energy malnutrition in coloured children in Western Township, Johannesburg. Part II. Prevalence and severity. AB - Anthropometric measures of growth and serum albumin and transferrin concentrations were assessed in 344 Coloured children aged from 1 to 16 years living in Western Township, Johannesburg. About one third of children were diagnosed as suffering from protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on the basis of weight-for-age below the 3rd percentile. The prevalence varied in different age groups, and was highest in the group aged from 5 to 8 years. A high prevalence of abnormally low head circumference measurements was found in the 1-year-old children (41, 2%). The severity of PEM was relatively mild, as reflected by the serum albumin and transferrin concentrations, and the almost total absence of oedema among the children. A positive association of breast feeding and income with growth was noted. PMID- 823653 TI - Symptomless hypoglycaemia. AB - We report an unusual case of hypoglycaemia, in which a pregnant woman with a Rh negative problem and random blood glucose levels of less than 10 mg/100 ml was found to have no clinical symptoms of hypoglycaemia. The patient, who had a blood glucose concentration of 7 mg/100 ml, behaved as normally as a person with the expected average physiological value. This finding did not seem to be connected in any way with the patient's serious Rh-ve problem. We have been unable to find reports of a similar situation in the literature available to us. PMID- 823654 TI - Aetiological factors in pelvic inflammatory disease in urban Blacks in Rhodesia. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease is the main reason for the admission of patients to the Gynaecological Unit at Harari Hospital. Some epidemiological and microbiological aspects of the disease have been studied. Gonococcus was isolated infrequently from inpatients, but there appears to be a pool of potential pathogens, both aerobic and anaerobic, which are able to invade the upper genital tract under certain circumstances. Mycoplasmas were isolated from a high percentage of patients. PMID- 823655 TI - [An analysis of rugby injuries]. AB - A survey of 1 385 rugby injuries at Stellenbosch during 1974 - 75 has been analysed to determine the incidence of injuries to the different parts of the body. The results are compared with those of similar surveys. Relationships between types of injuries and game practices, as well as possible precautions, are discussed. Rugby injuries do not appear to occur haphazardly and can therefore be minimised or be made less severe. PMID- 823656 TI - [Radiophotographic method (RPH) of detection of tuberculosis evaluated by means of 2 parameters: epidemiology and economics]. PMID- 823657 TI - [The effect of blood clotting on several fractions of the complement system (author's transl)]. PMID- 823658 TI - Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy in cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. AB - Ten patients with cor pulmonale complicating severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema have been treated with 2 litres/min of oxygen for prolonged periods in the day, at home, over 12 to 62 months. Two patients died after 12 and 36 months of treatment. Pulmonary arterial pressure was reduced in seven patients, and red cell mass in eight, when the oxygen was given for over 15 hours in the day. Hospital inpatient treatment was greatly reduced following the start of long-term oxygen treatment in all patients. This treatment is expensive, and a controlled trial is necessary to establish its definitive place and cost-effectiveness, but the results of such a current Medical Research Council trial will not be available for a further two years. PMID- 823659 TI - Effect of long-term ionized air treatment on patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Seven patients with bronchial asthma requiring continuous medication were subjected to eight weeks of nocturnal exposure to negatively ionized air, and their progress was followed using objective tests of lung function and clinical assessment. During exposure, four patients showed significant increases in morning PEFR, which in two of these patients was not sustained when exposure ceased. In two patients the observed increase in PEFR was accompanied by subjective improvement. From the results of all our assessments we conclude that, although this treatment may lead to an improvement in some patients with asthma, further objective studies are required to determine the value of negatively ionized air in the routine management of asthma. PMID- 823660 TI - Grand mal seizure induced by oral theophylline. AB - A grand mal convulsion occurred in a patient with decompensated cor pulmonale. Although only modest doses of oral theophylline were being administered at the time of the convulsion the serum theophylline level was markedly raised and the theophylline clearance was very low. After treatment for cor pulmonale theophylline clearance improved; however, with the subsequent onset of fever and pneumonia the clearance decreased again, illustrating the potential lability of theophylline clearance. PMID- 823661 TI - Comparative sensitivity of two hemagglutination inhibition immunoassays for fibrinolytic degradation products in human serum. AB - A new modification of hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay for measuring fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) using glutaraldehyde as a coupling reagent was introduced. This method was compared with the tanned-red-cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (TRCHII). Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) were sensitized with fragment D or E, respectively. The procedure of sensitizing SRBC is simple and can be achieved within 2 hrs. The sensitized SRBC stored at 4 degrees C for 6 months did not lose their activities. The sensitivities for assaying D and E relative FDP were 0.32 mug/ml, respectively, which were slightly better than those of TRCHII. This represents the first adaptation of glutaraldehyde erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (GEHII) for the estimation of FDP employing either microtiter plate or test tube. The microtechnique and test tube method were found to be essentially equivalent. The FDP level in the sera of normal individuals and patients suspected of elevation of FDP were assayed by both TRCHII and GEHII. By linear least squares analysis, the results show a significant correlation between these two methods. These results indicate GEHII is a simple, rapid and sensitive immunoassay for FDP in human serum. PMID- 823662 TI - [Duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 823663 TI - [A practical horse and pony health programme. II. Prevention of parasitic and infectious disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 823665 TI - The effect of cost reimbursement on capital budgeting decision models. PMID- 823664 TI - [Antibiotic residues in organs and muscle tissues of broilers. I. Bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and viriniamycin residues following administration of diets containing low levels of these antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of broilers were fed two different feed mixtures. A feed containing a mixture of bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and virginiamycin (20 ppm each) was administered to sixity broilers. Sixty other broilers were given a similar feed not containing any antibiotics. After slaughter, samples of kidney, liver and breast were examined for the presence of antibiotic residues. All samples were found to be negative for antibiotic residues. Four micro-organisms were used in performing the tests: Bacillus cereus Kiel, Bacillus subtilis 165, Bacillus subtilis BGA and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. PMID- 823666 TI - Third party reimbursement and the evaluation of leasing alternatives. PMID- 823667 TI - The relationship of cobaltous chloride-induced alterations of hepatic microsomal enzymes to altered carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. PMID- 823669 TI - The uptake and metabolism of carbaryl by isolated perfused rabbit lung. PMID- 823668 TI - Morphological effects of hexachlorobenzene toxicity in female rhesus monkeys. PMID- 823670 TI - Effects of megavoltage therapy of cancer on the eye. AB - Twenty-two cases with carcinomas of the nasal cavity, sinuses, buccal and orbital regions treated in the Radiotherapy Clinic of University Central Hospital in Turku, are presented. The dose delivered to the eye was 1400 to 6300 rd. The most usual radiation complication was keratitis which appeared in 15 cases, cataract was diagnosed in seven cases, corneal ulcer in three, iritis in two, retinopathia in two, and glaucoma in three cases. Most of the complications could be relieved or cured with appropriate therapy. In only one case the eye was to be enucleated because of severe glaucoma and corneal ulceration. As the prognosis of malignant tumours in this area usually is bad, irradiation to the eye on the affected side is to be taken as a calculated risk to achieve a more effective cancer control. PMID- 823672 TI - Tube-feeding as an under-five clinic procedure. PMID- 823671 TI - The preparation and testing of antihuman lymphoblast globulin for clinical use. AB - Antibodies to cultured human lymphoblasts were raised in horses using a schedule employing both subcutaneous and intravenous routes of injection. Plasma from groups of horses was pooled and the IgG prepared from each pool was tested extensively for safety and immunosuppressive efficacy in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of the results of skin grafting in monkeys, only globulins derived from the first main bleeds were blended to produce a bulk for clinical use. One early pool of globulin was discarded because when undiluted, it was lethal in monkeys by the intravenous route, and another pool was discarded because it contained antibodies which bound to the glomerular basement membrane of rats. No signs of toxicity as judged by haematology, blood biochemistry, and histology were detected in monkeys receiving the clinical blend of globulin either subcutaneously or intravenously. PMID- 823673 TI - Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in rhesus monkeys in India. AB - A serological survey of Toxoplasma antibodies prevalent in rhesus monkeys in India using an indirect haemagglutination test is reported. Of 94 monkeys 56.4 percent were positive to an antibody titre of 1:8 or more, 28.7 percent to a titre of 1.32 or more, while 17 percent showed a positivity level of 1:128 or more. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 823675 TI - [Long-term drug treatment of schizophrenia]. PMID- 823674 TI - [Biological research on schizophrenia. Dopamine activity of the brain in relation to the "amphetamine model"]. PMID- 823676 TI - [Myositis ossificans progressiva treated with diphosphonate]. PMID- 823677 TI - Nystagmic responses of the rhesus monkey to rotational stimulation following unilateral labyrinthectomy: a preliminary report. PMID- 823678 TI - Effects of dimethyl surfoxide on the pellicle of the peritrich ciliate Vorticella nebulifera. PMID- 823679 TI - Polymerization and oligomerization phenomena in protozoan evolution. PMID- 823680 TI - Effects of irradiation on the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Telotrochidium. PMID- 823681 TI - Protozoa in sewage and waste water treatment systems. PMID- 823682 TI - Usefulness of particulate matter for the growth of the peritrich ciliate Telotrochidium. PMID- 823683 TI - Reversible inhibition of RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriforms GL by dimethyl sulphoxide: an electron microscope autoradiographic study. PMID- 823684 TI - Derivation of ciliate architecture from a simple flagellate: an evolutionary model. PMID- 823685 TI - Use of thin, flexible plastic coverslips for microscopy, microcompression, and counting of aerobic microorganisms. PMID- 823686 TI - [Osmotic effect of infusion of various solutions]. PMID- 823687 TI - [Changes in the protein and amino acid composition of the blood in patients with peptic ulcer complicated by stenosis]. AB - Hypo- and disproteinemia, a decrease of total circulating proteins, an increased nitrogen excretion in the urine and aminoacid disbalance in blood serum were noted in patients with ulcerous disease complicated with stenosis. These changes were mostly pronounced in decompensated stenosis. Substitutive proteinotherapy in the preoperative period results in normalization of protein metabolism indices in blood only in patients with compensated stenosis. PMID- 823688 TI - [Gram-negative infections in severe thermal injury]. AB - Among 78 patients with persistant bacteriemia the latter was induced by staphylococci in 59 and by gram-negative microflora in 19 patients. In 14 of 19 patients gram-negative septicemia was preceded by staphylococcic one. Gram negative septicemia would condition in patients the development of pyemic foci not only in the wound area but also in some portions of the body and in internal organs as well. Among 19 patients with gram-negative septicemia 12 patients died, while among 59 patients with staphylococcic septicemia there were 18 deaths. PMID- 823689 TI - A new system of casting fractures in exotic animals. PMID- 823690 TI - Role of age and sex in chronic thyroiditis in rats fed 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - Inbred male and female Buffalo strain rats were started at 4, 8, 12, 24, or 52 weeks of age on 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in a low-protein, choline-deficient diet. Eight-week-old males and females were the most susceptible to the development of chronic thyroiditis, but females were more susceptible than the males. Female rats of other ages developed a slightly higher incidence of thyroiditis than the male rats, the difference being most noticeable for rats 12 weeks old. PMID- 823691 TI - Klossiella in the opossum. PMID- 823692 TI - Acute cystitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a race-horse. PMID- 823694 TI - Bone changes in hemodialyzed uremic subjects. Comparative light and electron microscope investigations. AB - Needle biopsies from the iliac crest of 40 uremic patients treated with hemodialysis have been compared by light and electron microscopy. The most obvious bone changes were represented by an increased amount of osteoid tissue (osteomalacic changes) and by enhanced bone resorption. The osteomalacic changes were chiefly characterized by the presence of thick osteoid borders whose collagen fibrils were often completely uncalcified. In a few cases, small roundish aggregates of crystals were irregularly present through the osteoid matrix; some of them were closely related to roundish, electron-dense bodies surrounded by a membrane. The increased rate of bone resorption, which was often comparable to that which occurs in the most severe cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, was due to both osteoclastic activity and osteocytic osteolysis. Electron microscopy showed that the enlargement and irregularity of the osteocytic lacunae were not always due to osteocytic osteolysis; the same effect might be due to defective calcification of the lacunar wall. The advantages of comparing the same specimens under the light and electron microscopes are discussed. PMID- 823693 TI - Fluorescamine fluorescence detection of growth hormone-producing cells in human pituitary adenomas. AB - Formalin-fixed and paraplast-embedded tissue specimens of human pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas were investigated using fluorescamine fluorescence and immunohistochemical methods. Growth hormone-producing cells present in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissue exhibited fluorescamine fluorescence. The other tissues examined showed no fluorescamine binding. PMID- 823695 TI - [The ultrastructure of mixed mammary gland tumors in bitches. IV. The incidence of myoepithelial cells in formation of spindle cells (author's transl)]. AB - Spindle cells of myomatous formations of 19 canine mixed mammary tumors were studied by light and electron microscopy. The EM findings indicate that the spindle-shaped tumor cells are mostly of myoepithelial origin. However there were also formations of spindle cells which consisted of fibroblasts or fibrocytes. By light microscopy they are not always clearly distinguishable. PMID- 823696 TI - Morphologic effects of diazoxide and diphenylhydantoin on insulin secretion and biosynthesis in B cells of mice. AB - The action of diazoxide, an antidiuretic agent, and diphenylhydantoin, an antiepileptic (DPH), both with strong hyperglycemic side effects on the pancreatic B cells, was examined by electron microscopy and cytochemistry, with the following findings. 1. Effects on secretory apparatus: the severe hyperglycemic syndrome following a single injection of diazoxide (200 mg/kg) or DPH (150 mg/kg) did not change the granularity of the B cells. Ultrastructurally a marked increase of lysosomal digestion of secretory granules (crinophagy) was observed in almost all B cells. Crinophagy may be regarded as a result of an impaired discharge of secretory granules during simultaneous maintenance of biosynthesis. It is also possible that changes of the electrophysical properties of the granule surfaces may play an additional role in crinophagy. 2. Effect on synthesizing apparatus: in B cells subtotally degranulated by the injection of anti-insulin serum (AIS), regranulation occurred more rapidly after the additional administration of diazoxide or DPH than without these compounds. This fact may imply that, under the hyperglycemic conditions tested, diazoxide or DPH have no effect on the synthesizing capacity of the B cells. PMID- 823697 TI - [Recurring clear cell leiomyoblastoma of the uterus (author's transl)]. AB - We report on the clinical and pathologic manifestations of an unusual myometrial tumor that developed in a woman now 52 years old. Fifteen years before, she had been operated on for a "leiomyoma" of the uterus. On re-operation 9 years later and again 4 years later a clear cell leiomyoma of the uterus was resected but each time it appeared histologically benign. A third local recurrence of the tumor 7 months later necessitated a fourth operation. The tumor was then found to be invasive, preventing total excision, and histologically was malignant as the striking cellular pleomorphism suggested. As far as we know, only two similar cases have been reported in the literature, but these were diagnosed as benign and followed for only short periods. The discrepancy between the benign histologic picture of this tumour and its biological behavior pose problems in treatment which are discussed. PMID- 823698 TI - Stereology of liver biopsies from healthy volunteers. AB - The stereological model and the base-line data of normal human liver needle biopsy-specimens are presented. Four reference systems were introduced: 1 cm3 of liver tissue, 1 cm3 of hepatocyte, 1 cm3 of hepatocytic cytoplasm and the volume of an average "mononuclear" hepatocyte. The sampling was done at three levels of magnification (1,000 X, 5,000 X and 10,000 X). A lobular differentiation was not considered. The baseline data show strikingly small variations (s.e. less than 10%) within the individual biopsy specimen and within the group of four biopsies. There is no principal difference between human beings presented here, rats, mice and dogs. Only the mean individual volume of human hepatocytes is clearly larger than in rodents. The problems and limitations of stereological work on liver biopsy specimens are discussed. PMID- 823699 TI - Further evidence for the T-cell nature of the atypical mononuclear cells in mycosis fungoides. AB - It is well known that in some cases of mycosis fungoides the lymph nodes contain atypical mononuclear cells with a characteristic electron-microscopic morphology, first described in skin lesions of mycosis fungoides. Because it has been shown, that these cells have T-cell membrane characteristics the question can be raised, if these cells have other properties of T cells. One of these is a preferential localization in the T-cell dependent regions (paracortical areas) of the lymph node. In this paper we present a study of dermatopathic lymph nodes from four patients with mycosis fungoides (plaque stage). The lymph nodes of these patients contained atypical mononuclear cells in the paracortical areas only, and not in the follicles or medulla. In one of the patients we could demonstrate the migration of these cells through the epitheloid venules into the paracortical area. Our observations give further evidence of the T-cell nature of the atypical mononuclear cells in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 823700 TI - The ultrastructure of the interfollicular epidermis of the hairless (hr/hr) mouse. IV. Lamellated bodies (Odland bodies, membrane-coating granules) and intercellular material in the upper part of the granular and horny layers. AB - The appearance of the lamellated bodies (Odland bodies, membrane-coating granules, keratinosomes) and intercellular material in the upper part of the granular and horny layers of the interfollicular epidermis of the hairless mouse was studied. In order to obtain more information about these structures various fixation procedures were used. The bodies displayed a lamellated pattern after osmication and uneven staining of the lamellae was seen after osmium zinc iodide fixation. Glutaraldehyde fixation made the bodies appear electron-empty except for some electron-dense material mainly at their periphery. These observations indicate that the bodies are mainly composed of lipids. The bodies were discharged to the intercellular space in tthe upper part of the granular layer where they disintegrated. The appearance of the intercellular space in the horny layer varied considerably with the fixation procedure indicating that artefacts were produced during the processing of the specimens. Based on the observations after various fixation methods it is suggested that the intercellular space in vivo is completely filled with a substance which stained weakly osmiophilic. In this substance very osmiophilic structures of various shapes and sizes may be present. PMID- 823701 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of ischemic cell injury. V. Morphologic changes of the pars convoluta (P1 and P2) of the proximal tubule of rat kidney made ischemic in vitro. AB - In summary, we have described the time course of changes of mitochondria following ischemia of the kidney proximal tubule. The sequence of morphological changes of matrix as well as inner membrane corresponds well with certain functional or physical parameters such as swelling, respiration, substrate metabolism, acceptor control and P/O ratio. This indicates that morphological parameters can be utilized to predict the functional alterations of mitochondria following ischemia in cells. The significant mitochondrial changes are early loss of granules (15-30 min) and condensation (15 min), swelling (30 min), appearance of fluffy densities (30 min) and flocculent densities (after 60 min), degeneration of cristal structure (240 min) and disintegration of mitochondria as structural units (24 h). PMID- 823703 TI - Characterization of a G1 inhibitor from old JB-1 ascites tumor fluid. Interaction with polyions and ion exchangers. AB - In most experimental ascites tumors the growth rate decreases with increasing age and cell number. This decrease is caused by a prolongation of the cell cycle and an increasing accumulation of noncycling cells in resting (or quiescent) G1 and G2 compartments. In cell-free ascitic fluid from the JB-1 ascites tumor in the plateau phase of growth, low molecular weight substances have been found which reversibly and specifically arrest JB-1 cells in G1 and G2. In order to characterize the JB-1 G1 inhibitor we have investigated the effect of ion exchangers and polyions on the activity of this inhibitor assayed in vitro by means of a partially synchronized JB-1 cell population analyzed by flow microfluorometry. The results indicate that polyanions and cation exchangers (immobilized polyanions) bind and abolish the G1-inhibitory activity. From this it is suggested that the G1 inhibitor is of a basic or polycationic nature. Since anion exchangers (immobilized polycations) are without effect on this activity it was surprising to find that polycations also neutralize the activity. The results indicate that this occurs by blocking an anionic G2-inhibitor receptor on the cell, thus preventing the polycationic G1 inhibitor from being bound to this receptor. PMID- 823702 TI - Nutritional osteodystrophy in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana). AB - Captive lizards fed a variety of vegetarian and carnivorous diets frequently develop severe nutritional osteodystrophy. Five hatchling iguanas which were captive for 5 months and fed a diet low in calcium and phosphorus developed clinical signs and lesions typical of nutritional osteodystrophy in captive lizards. They had tetany with severe osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, and cartilaginous diaphyseal enlargements of long bones which either were associated with fractures or with intact bones. Hatchling and juvenile iguanas fed a similar diet low in calcium (0.1%) and phosphorus (0.2%) under experimental conditions developed hypocalcemia, tetany, osteoporosis with but adequate in phosphorus (1.1%) developed progressive hypocalcemia and severe osteopososis with pathologic fractures. Control iguanas fed a diet with adequate calcium (2.7%) and phosphours (1.1%) had well mineralized bones with wide cortices and thick metaphyseal trabeculae. Iguanas fed low calcium experimental diets whether low or adequate in phosphorus developed hypocalcemia with compensatory secondary hyperparathyroidism resulting in severe osteodystrophy similar to that reported in captive lizards. PMID- 823704 TI - HBsAg detection by passive hemagglutination (Hepanosticon--Organon). Advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other methods. AB - Investigated comparatively with immunodiffusion, electroimmunodiffusion, complement fixation and Latex agglutination, passive hemagglutination with the Hepanosticon--Organon reagent proved to be an easy, rapid, highly reproducible method for HBsAg detection. PMID- 823705 TI - [Intestinal microbial flora in premature infants with septicemia and its correction with bifidumbacterin]. PMID- 823706 TI - [Prognostic importance of immunological analysis of amniotic fluid in examination of Rh-sensitized pregnant women]. PMID- 823707 TI - [Transplacental blastomogenesis in mice under conditions of the detoxifying function of the mother's body]. AB - The experiments on mice of line SHR have shown that in animals, delivered by Cesarean section I hour following intrauterine injection of 40 mg/Kg of DMBA in mothers (a period of maximum concentration of the carcinogen in the tissues of foetuses) and sacrificed one year later, carcinogenesis proceeded much more intensively than in mice, which after transplacental DMBA exposure continued their intrauterine development for 6 hours longer, i.e. till complete disintegration of DMBA. An enhancement of the transplacental carcinogenic effect was manifested in a reliable increase of the total frequency of the appearance of different neoplasms, in more frequent development of lung, ovary and mammary tumors, and also in the appearance of malignant lung tumors-adenocarcinomas. A considerable enhancement of the transplacental blastomogenic effect in these mice was due to exclusion of the detoxication function of the maternal organism. PMID- 823708 TI - [Secretion of proteolytic enzymes following administration of nutrients into the duodenum and jejunum]. AB - Infusion of nutrient fluids into the small intestine of dogs provoked the appearance of Pavlov's pouch juice displaying different proteolytic activity. The quantity of the juice was smaller with drop than with jet infusion. The total secretion of enzymes was more abundant in case of drip intraduodenal infusions of a milk and cream mixture, milk, aminocrovine as compared with its average level following introduction of 10 and 20 per cent solutions of sugar, lipomaize, emulsions prepared of dry dairy products and vegetable oil. The infusions into the duodenum and jejunum was followed by secretion of substantial amounts of the pancreatic juice displaying high activity of trypsin, close to that appearing in response to feeding on meat. The concentration of proteases in the intestinal chyme proved then sufficiently high. PMID- 823709 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the amino acid composition of the protein fractions of the hydrogen bacteria Hydrogenomonas eutropha in meat and wheat]. AB - An attempt was made to compare the biological value of the biological mass of the hydrogen bacteria Tydrogenomas eutropha, of meat and wheat on the ground of the fractional and amino acids composition of their proteins. Substantial differences in the distribution of proteins and amino acids in all of the three objects examined were revealed. It is shown that more than one half of the entire protein contained in the biological mass of the hydrogen bacteria is made up of poorly soluble structural proteins difficultly amenable to the action of digestive enzymes. It is this fraction where the bulk of essential amino acids is concentrated. The data obtained imply that the biological value of the biological mass of hydrogen bacteria is higher than in wheat, but lower than in meat. PMID- 823710 TI - Cold lymphocytotoxins. Chromatographical study. AB - A chromatographical study was made of eight antisera containing either anti-HL-A antibodies, cold lymphocytotoxins, or a mixture of both types of antibodies. The results vary according to the sera obtained. Usually cold lymphocytotoxins are sited in the IgM peak and anti-HL-A antibodies in the IgG peak, but there are some sera where anti-HL-A reactivity is IgM and cold lymphocytotoxic reactivity is IgG. PMID- 823711 TI - The dollars for health. PMID- 823712 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with encephalopathy in the continental United States. PMID- 823713 TI - [Excretion of organic compounds bei microorganisms in presence of diphenylamine]. AB - Diphenylamine (DPA) causes an increased leakage of organic compounds with resting cells of Candida guilliermondii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus already after a treatment of 1 h. The leakage depends both on the concentration of DPA and the duration of the treatment. Moreover, DPA influences the composition of the leaked ninhydrine-positive compounds. After 20 h of treatment an increased release of mannan and ribose is observed in addition to the stronger leakage of ninhydrine positive compounds. With regard to the relation between structure and activity of DPA, the activity of 21 compounds was investigated. The two apolar phenyl groups as well as the secondary amino group being able to form ionic bounds are essential for maximal activity. A disturbance of the function of the cell membrane caused by DPA is discussed. PMID- 823714 TI - [Changes in the activity of amino acyl-tRNA synthetases (AAS) of the filament producing Kurtia zopfii during different cell division phases]. PMID- 823715 TI - [Early nutrition of newborn infants with low birth weight]. PMID- 823716 TI - [Diverticular tumors of the bladder]. PMID- 823717 TI - [Peracetic acid as a disinfectant in the fight against tuberculosis--experimental data-- (author's transl)]. AB - M. tuberculosis is susceptible to peracetic acid as a Disinfectant. However, there is no unanimity how the transmission of Mycobacteriaceae can be prevented and which quantitative requirements are necessary for its action. In practical work protein-like substances and varying numbers of tubercle bacilli are important in the efficacy of sputum disinfection. The tuberculocide effect of peracetic acid is scarcely influenced by such admixtures or by the number of test organisms. A preliminary attempt for killing M. tuberculosis in sputum by means of peracetic acid was successful. PMID- 823719 TI - [Morphological and bacteriological investigations of pulmonary apical scars (author's transl)]. AB - 207 apical lung pieces of 128 autopsies with macroscopical visible changes of so called pulmonary apical caps were investigated with histologic and bacteriologic methods. Histologically, 19% of all cases showed tuberculous changes, 43% suspicious tuberculous changes and 38% no tuberculous changes. Mycobacteria were found only in one case by bacteriological methods. The morphological results were correlated with the findings of mass chest x-ray (so-called VRRU). It became evident, that half of all chest x-rays was normal, only one third showed pathological changes and the other third was not registered by the dispensary. PMID- 823718 TI - [Sensitivity tests of mycobacteria to INH, SM, EMB and RMP in a semi-liquid serum sauton-agar (author's transl)]. AB - In this article a simple method of sensitivity testing of mycobacteria in semi liquid serum-sauton-agar as AHSK-test is described and first results are reported. The sensitivity to INH, SM, EMB and RMP is tested. In comparative tests between the economical-test and the AHSK-test a total of 100 strains of mycobacteria of different sensitivity are investigated. The results largely agree with each other, from which the evaluation of the sensitivity test in the AHSK test in 54% of the strains after 7 days, in 40% after 14 days and in 6% after 21 days follows. The simple composition and preparation of the culture medium as well as the rapid and characteristic growth of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis make the AHSK-test to a simple, economical and rapid method for sensitivity testing. PMID- 823720 TI - [Garbage containers and their hygiene treatment]. PMID- 823721 TI - [Situation of chronic carriers of typhus and paratyphus]. PMID- 823722 TI - [Comparative studies on the effectiveness of 2 frequently-used elective culture media for enterococci]. PMID- 823723 TI - [Blue-green algae aquatic flower (Nocularia) in the Baltic Sea in August, 1974]. PMID- 823724 TI - [Influence of nitroglycerin on hemodynamics, wall tension and oxygen consumption of the left ventricle]. AB - The effects of nitroglycerin on left ventricular hemodynamics were determined in ten patients from biplane cineventriculograms and simultaneous pressure measurements. Before and after nitroglycerin (1.6 mg sublingually) the following parameters were measured: Systolic (PLV) and enddiastolic pressure (PLVED), enddiastolic (EDV) und endsystolic volume (ESV), cardiac output (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER), ejection time (tej), heart rate (HR), dp/dtmax, dp/dtmax Pi-Ped, maximal systolic wall stress (sigmamax), integrated systolic wall stress (sigma), outflow resistance (Rsys) and ventricular compliance (a). Nitroglycerin leads to a reduction of both, pre- and afterload, with a significant fall of PLV (10.8%), PLVED (21.8%), EDV (9.1%) ESV (13.3%) AND Rsys (14.4%). The changes of ventricular pressure and geometry result in a diminution of left ventricular wall stress (sigmamax- 11.8%, sigma - 26.4%), representing a decrease of calculated total oxygen-consumption of 11.5%. In six patients with reduced left ventricular diastolic compliance nitroglycerin leads to a remarkable increase of the compliance. This is probably due to the reversal of a latent ischemia by the decreased myocardial oxygen-consumption. PMID- 823725 TI - [Scintigraphic studies on the influence of coronary-effective drugs on myocardial perfusion during rest]. AB - A hemodynamically effective coronary stenosis causes in the myocardial scintigram a maldistribution of the albumin particles within the corresponding myocardial regions. During exercise or after medicamental vasodilatation the differences in regional myocardial perfusion are amplified. Various scintigraphic pictures can be shown in a double-scintigram investigation using particles labelled by different radionuclides before and after vasodilatation. According to the method of double-scintigraphy the influence of coronary active media (dipyridamol, nitroglycerin, nifedipine) on regional myocardial perfusion is investigated. Because of its long-acting vasodilatation dipyridamol leads to a malperfusion in poststenotic myocardial areas. A similar vasodilatation effect combined with reduced activity in the second perfusion scintigram can be noticed after injection of contrast medium. In contrast to the drugs described above comparable scintigraphic changes after nitroglycerin and nifedipine are due to a different myocardial perfusion pattern, which is only showing a relative malperfusion in the poststenotic regions. At rest neither nitroglycerin nor nifedipine is able to normalize the regional myocardial perfusion. PMID- 823726 TI - Nutritional and surgical management of intestinal fistulas. PMID- 823727 TI - [Vasodilator substances and their effect on the pia mater arteries. Study by means of magnetographic measurements]. PMID- 823728 TI - Autotransplantation of the kidneys: a case study with special reference to vascular neurofibromatosis. PMID- 823729 TI - [Clinico-biochemical and morphologic characteristics of mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 823730 TI - [Reversion of meningococcal L-forms, biological characteristics of revertant cultures]. PMID- 823731 TI - [Persistance of the agent of tuberculosis in the body as an L-form and its damging effect]. PMID- 823732 TI - [Role of L-forms of bacteria and mycoplasma in the etiology and pathogenesis of several acute and chronic diseases]. PMID- 823733 TI - [Remote results of treatment of patients with contagious forms of syphilis according to schedules of continuous treatment]. PMID- 823734 TI - [Role of the hypothalamus in the evolution of interrelations between the nervous and endocrine systems]. PMID- 823735 TI - Co-oxydation of a carotenoid by the enzyme lipoxygenase: influence on the formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides. AB - A partially purified soybean lipoxygenase (L-3) was incubated for 15 min at pH 6.5 with linoleic acid and oxygen. Systems with and without the polyene glycoside crocin were compared. The system with crocin reacted with higher velocity with oxygen than did the control experiment without polyene. From the crocin 40% was destroyed. In the presence of crocin about 40% more linoleic acid hydroperoxides was formed than without the polyene but the linoleic acid break-down was equal in both experiments. L-3 peroxidises linoleic acid to 13L:13D:9L:9D-hydroperoxides in the proportions 43:11:21:25. In the presence of crocin the ratio of the isomers changed to 64:11:11:14. PMID- 823736 TI - [Residue analysis of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fish and waters 2 (author's transl)]. AB - Pesticides are very important in plant protection. They are almost ubiquitary and even the rivers and lakes are contaminated. Chlorinated insecticides and PCB were regularly found in the Lake of Constance, and in the Rhine river as well as in dredger-lakes and fishing water. DDT has lost the importance of earlier years, whereas HCB and PCB is increasing. PMID- 823737 TI - [Late diagnosis of an ankle fracture due to fatigue (creeping fracture) -- not a medical error]. PMID- 823740 TI - [Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. IV. The bacterial contamination of fluids of intensiv care units, wards for premature children and new-born wards (author's transl)]. AB - In intensive-care units and wards for prematures frequent use is made of medical apparatuses (such as oxygenators, nebulizers, respirators and incubators). These units are provided with a water reservoir which is utilized for the humidifications of the inspiratory air. They have become indispensable tools, especially in the treatment of seriously-ill patients. However, the water reservoirs of these devices have also frequently been found to harbour sometimes high concentrations of pathogens. With a view to clarifying the question as to the extent that liquids of different origin in the hospital area are contaminated with bacteria, 323 liquid samples were collected from intensive-care units, wards for premature and for newborn babies, and submitted for analysis. The senior nurse was questioned to obtain information about the measures of disinfection adopted in the respective wards. It was possible to cultivate pathogens from 22 per cent of the samples. P. aeruginosa accounted for 46 per cent, Enterobacter for 17.6% and E. coli for 12 per cent. A breakdown of the liquids by origin gives the following picture: 30 per cent of the liquids used for humidification of the inspiratory air (from respirators, inhalers etc.) were contaminated with pathogens. The analysis yielded a similar result in about 47 per cent of the cleaning water samples, in 10 per cent of the solutions in which clinical thermometers are kept and in 0 per cent of liquids from containers in which dressing forceps are kept. It emerged from inquiries that the lack of knowledge about the proper implementation of disinfection measures on the part of the nursing staff is still considerable. As a result, disinfectants of the quarternary ammonium compounds were used for the disinfection of medical apparatus in 37 per cent of all applications although their bactericidal action on gram-negative bacteria is limited. As regards the antimicrobial treatment of such parts as nebulizer chambers, connecting tubes, reservoirs of ultrasonic nebulizers, oxygen bottles and respiratory, parts with which the patient does not come into direct contact - the possibility of sterilizing them by autoclaving should be examined first. Not until this procedure has been ruled out on account of the thermolability of the materials used should another procedure such as keeping the materials in a disinfecting solution be adopted. PMID- 823739 TI - [Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. I. Methods and aim of microbiological monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - Within a period of a year, environmental examinations were carried out in 50 hospitals selected at random in Rheinland-Pfalz with a view to determining the effective conditions, mainly in such risky areas as operating theatres, delivery rooms, intensive-care units and neonatal wards. In this first report the method is described. Such investigations are based on a detailed interrogation of the staff, and local inspection. As is evident from the extract from the questionnaire, the investigation was mainly concerned with details of the functional procedure and the implementation of measures of hospital hygiene. During the subsequent inspection of the rooms, we had the various procedures demonstrated to us. The testing of the sterilisation effect of all 461 programmes of the sterilisers was carried out with spore earth in accordance with DIN 58947. Staph. aureus and Bac. mesentericus spore preparations in accordance with DIN 58949 were used to check the thermal bed-disinfection apparatus. For the determination of the qualitative and quantitative contamination of persons, we employed 2321 sponge-type impression preparations and 8790 "Rodac plates" for the surfaces of floors and furniture. Throat swabs were taken from each of the 831 persons examined, and checked for the presence of pathogens. 2848 blood agar plates were exposed for one hour to ascertain the sedimenting air germs. Although this method is not suitable for determining the germ content per cubic metre of air, it nevertheless furnishes a good idea of the prevailing conditions without involving much work. As part of such environmental examinations, it is very important to determine the contamination of liquids from buckets, disinfecting solutions, bottles from oxygenators, air humidifiers etc. When the samples contained growth-inhibiting additives, we immediately mixed them with an inactivation medium. In the laboratory, blood and endo-agar plates were inoculated with the concentrate and dilutions. In addition we enriched the sediment in 2% sugar bouillon. All culture media were incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C. Subsequently we counted the colonies and differentiated in accordance with the usual biochemical or, if required, serological methods. Further reports will discuss the results of this investigation. PMID- 823738 TI - [Results of anti-Rh-immunoprophylaxis in the Berlin-Friedrichshain hospital]. AB - At the beginning the essential facts with a basic signification for the insight into the anti-Rh-immunoprophylaxis (IP) are pointed aut. Then we inform about our own results. During the period--we report on--we carried through the IP nearly 500 times. A sensibilization took place in no case. More than 50 women became pregnant anew, their children were clinically and serologically healthy, no mother proved to have anti-D-antibodies. Herewith our results confirm a full efficiency of the IP. The problem of an immunoprophylactic therapy in already existing anti-D-antibodies is point aut. PMID- 823741 TI - [Epidemiological studies of P. aeruginosa infections by the typing of pyocine sensitivity (author's transl)]. AB - A standardizing by means of determination of the pyocine sensitivity could be achieved on the basis of 200 strains of P. aeruginosa which had been isolated out of clinical material. It was analyzed semiquantitatively by using a step-scale in five parts. The identical or in a high degree corresponding strains according to the pyocine sensitivity could be registered on the example of the isolated strains of a intensive-care unit by the calculation of the Q-correlation coefficient according to the Q-technique as well as by the determination of the differences in the single reactions using a standardized measure of distance. The epidemiological connexion resulting from that is discussed. PMID- 823742 TI - Oligomeric structure of A1 arginase from rat liver and A4 from kidney. Difference in charge of subunits. AB - 1. The predominant form of rat liver arginase, A1, and that of kidney, A4, were isolated and partially purified. 2. It was found that arginase A4, similarly as A1, has oligomeric structure. Either of the enzymes on EDTA treatment dissociates into inactive subunits of molecular weight 30 000 daltons. Addition of Mn2+ ions restores the activity and causes reassociation of subunits to the native form of 120 000 mol. wt. 3. The subunits of A4 differ considerably in electrophoretic mobility from subunits of A4, which probably is the reason why the native forms of the enzyme from kidney and liver differ in electrophoretic behaviour. PMID- 823743 TI - Maxwell's demon in biological systems. AB - Boltzmann's gas model representing the second law of thermodynamics is based on the improbability of certain molecular distributions in space. Maxwell argued that a hypothetical 'being' with the faculty of seeing individual molecules (Maxwell's Demon) could bring about such improbable distributions, thus violating the law of entropy. However, it appears that to render the molecules visible for any observer would increase the entropy more than the demon could decrease it, hence 'Maxwell's Demon cannot operate' (Brillouin, 1951). In the study presented here Maxwell's Demon is interpreted in a general way as a biological observer system within (possibly closed) systems which can upset thermodynamic probabilities provided that the relative magnitudes between observer system and observed system are appropriate. Maxwell's Demon within Boltzmann's Gas Model thus appears only as a special case of inappropriate, relative magnitude between the two systems. PMID- 823744 TI - Life cycle patterns and their genetic control: an attempt to reconcile evolutionary and mechanistic speculation. AB - A model is proposed which implicates molecular recognition systems as the major controlling factors in life cycle expression. It is envisaged that such systems are important in immune functioning and catabolic, metabolic molecule recognition at both inter- and intra-cellular level. These recognition systems have the following characteristics: 1) Specific recognition molecules (recognisers), e.g. vertebrate antibodies, invertebrate agglutinins and plant agglutinins may recognise specific substances, e.g. antigens, catabolic and metabolic molecules. 2) The range of possible recognisable substances is very wide and variable. 3) The recognisers may themselves be recognised by other recognisers. 4) Recognisers are usually produced in large amounts only on presentation of the appropriate recognisable molecule. 5) The progressive introduction of new recognisable molecules increases the recogniser interaction, this interaction causing depression of some recogniser types (immune depression) and facilitation of other types among which may be recognisers specific for self components (e.g. auto immunity). 6) Low juvenile viability is associated with a restricted range of available recognisers, high adult viability with increasing recogniser range and some auto-immunity/immune depression, senescence with a wide range of available recognisers and extensive auto-immunity/immune depression. Life cycle patterns and their control are discussed. It is suggested control mechanisms may include: 1) Dietary restriction and in some periods complete nutritional abstinence. 2) Specific recogniser depression, genes implicated here are the various antigens (species and polymorphic) found on cell surfaces, in the serum and in various body fluids of vertebrates, e.g. ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Le and other blood groups, the ABO and Le secretor antigens and the HL-A antigens. In addition the immune response and mixed lymphocyte culture loci are implicated. Finally life cycle control is discussed with relation to sexual selection. PMID- 823746 TI - Towards a classification of evidence in biological and medical research in respect of its validity. PMID- 823745 TI - DNA-histones, a computer model. AB - The model of DNA-histones has the following elements: 1. The hydrogen bonds between the complementary nucleotide bases function as informational gates. When the electrons pi of one nucleotide base are excited, an exchange of protons is produced between the two complementary bases. The result is the displacement of the conjugated double bonds which facilitates the inter-molecular transmission of the electronic wave of excitation by electro-magnetic coupling. 2. Each triplet of nucleotide bases of DNA fixes one definite amino acid (as in the genetic code). Between the nucleotide bases and the amino acids there are constituted informational gates, which ensure the circulation of the electronic wave of excitation. 3. An input signal molecule arrives at the receiver gene and unleashes the activity of the enzymes which introduce in the DNA-histones system the electronic wave of excitation. The electronic wave of excitation arises as a result of the break of the high-energy bonds of ATP. Then, the electronic excitation is transmitted to the productor gene where it represents the signal for starting the synthesis of the mRNA. PMID- 823747 TI - Cell sociology: a way of reconsidering the current concepts of morphogenesis. AB - Research in the field of planarian regeneration on the one hand, and a general survey of embryology on the other, throw doubt upon the reality of supra-cellular controls, which are still at the basis of all modern concepts of morphogenesis. The necessity of referring to such controls, which have never been convincingly demonstrated, is probably due to the fact that two aspects of cell behaviour have been underestimated: 1) the capacity of cells to change their individualities for a time independently of other cells; 2) the social behaviour of cells, which is the consequence of the reciprocal exchange of information. Pattern formation and pattern remodeling in normal development results from readjustments of cell populations to local or global changes. The common specific syntheses and cell migration. In the young embryo these may promptly restore the unity of the injured primordium, leading to so-called restitution; this is based on a normal sequence of further readjustments in the primordium. In older organisms the same responses give rise to cell interactions which may be the starting point for further sequential readjustments (regeneration)--in some instances these are comparable to those that originally organized the primordium in question during development. The desirability of giving up the notion of morphogenetic field is discussed. PMID- 823748 TI - [Action of the systemic fungicide dexon on several NADH dehydrogenases]. AB - The fungicide dexon (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazosulfonate, Na-salt) inhibits the NADH oxidase activity of submitochondrial particles (ETP) from beef heart (semi inhibition concentration 1.4 muM), while the succinate oxidase activity is unaffected. Measurements of the activity of several enzymatic partial reactions of the respiratory chain of ETP suggest that dexon acts directly on the flavine of NADH dehydrogenase. Soluble NADH-cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (MAHLER) and rotenone-insensitive NADH ubiquinone reductase are also inhibited by dexon. At low concentrations of dexon, inhibition of ETP starts slowly only after addition of NADH. Preincubation without NADH increases the amount of inhibition, but does not prevent the time delay. It is assumed that an electron flux through the respiratory chain, or reduction of flavine is prerequisite for the reaction of dexon with the action site. Furthermore, dexon inhibits the NADH dehydrogenase located at the outer surface of the inner membrane of plant mitochondria, accessible to extramitochondrial NADH and insensitive to rotenone, as has been shown on isolated mitochondria from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L). In addition, dexon inhibits selectively the NADH dehydrogenase of the DT diaphorase (ERNSTER) from rat liver cytosol. In contrast, the dicoumarol-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase (ZINSMEYER et al.) from rat liver cytosol, the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (STRITTMATTER) from rat liver microsomes, the rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome c-oxidoreductase of the outer membrane of rat liver mitochondria, soluble NADH-oxidase from Escherichia coli, and NADH-dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes are not inhibited. The results suggest that dexon is a group reagent to certain pyridine nucleotide-dependent flavine enzymes. PMID- 823749 TI - [Presence of a lysis factor of mitochondria in rabbit reticulocytes]. AB - Incubation of isolated rat liver and beef heart mitochondria together with a fraction of nonhaemoglobin proteins from rabbit reticulocytes (reti-AS) leads to drastic structural damages such as a deformation and disruption of the outer membranes as well as a disappearance of the cristae structure. The vacuolized forms obtained in this manner reveal striking similarities to the known degradation ones of reticulocyte mitochondria in situ and after isolation of them. The extent of the lysis of mitochondria depends on the amount of reti-AS and on the temperature. The lysis is caused by a protein factor (MLF) which is not identical with the respiratory inhibitor RF present in the reti-AS as well. Like RF, MLF disappears during the maturation process of reticulocytes to erythrocytes. MLF triggers the penetration of RF into the mitochondria and thus the inhibition of the succinate oxidase and the NADH oxidase activity. EDTA inactivates RF but not MLF. MLF is bound to electron transfer particles from beef heart mitochondria. The experimental conditions used are supposed to be a model for the degradation of mitochondria in situ during the maturation process of reticulocytes. PMID- 823750 TI - On the mechanism of the cyanide-insensitive alternative pathway of respiration in fungi and higher plants and the nature of the alternative terminal oxidase. AB - In connection with investigations on the mechanism of action of the systemic fungicide carboxin a new hypothesis was developed on the mechanism of the cyanide insensitive pathway of respiration, which is widely distributed in fungi und higher plants, and on the nature of the alterative terminal oxidase. Based on own experimental results which are in concordance with the properties of the alternative pathway described in the literature, it is assumed that the nonheme iron-sulfurprotein (FeSPp) of the succinodehydrogenase, which is located on the main route of the cytochrome mediated respiration, is the alternative terminal oxidase itself. This property seems to be based on the ability for autoxidation in some organisms where the Fe-atoms are oxygenized and reach the maximal coordination number of 6. By this mechanism it is explainable that carboxin which also attacks the normal electron flow at the FeSPp of the succinodehydrogenase is able to inhibit simultaneously under certain circumstances the cyanide insensitive respiration organisms sensitive to carboxin. PMID- 823751 TI - [Behavior of leucine aminopeptidase from bovine eye lens in guanidine hydrochloride. Dissociation and reassociation]. AB - The dissociation and reassociation behavior of the hexameric leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in solutions of 0.5 to 6 M guanidine-HC1 (Gu-HC1) was investigated by means of thin layer chromatography on Sephadex G-200 superfine. Up to 0.5 M Gu - hc1 the hexameric LAP-structure remains intact. In 0.75 to 2 M Gu - HC1 the enzyme dissociates nearly completely into its half-molecules (LAP trimers, MW 160000 +/- 10,000). In 2.5 and 2.75 M Gu - HC1 a mixture of LAP monomers (subunits) (MW 60000 +/- 5000) and trimers was to be found. Treatment with beta-mercapto ethanol increases the portion of monomers. Only monomers occurred in 3 to 6 M Gu - HC1. Parallel to the dissociation, a loss of the essential zinc (half life: 10.5 and 3.5 hours in 1 M and 4 M Gu - HC1 resp.) and a decrease of the enzymatic activity (30 min after treatment with 1 M and 4 M Gu HC1 50% and 1% resp. residual activity) of the observed. On the other hand, the enzyme was activated by dilute solutions of Gu - HC1 (0.1 to 0.3 M: max. increase 50%). Removal of the denaturant causes reassociation of all types of fragments to hexameric LAP which was indistinguishable from the native LAP in Ouchterlony immune diffusion test. The reassociation was accompanied by a small increase in activity only. PMID- 823752 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyrotrophin releasing hormone in human serum and its clinical application. AB - A radioimmunoassay for thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in human serum is described. Inactivation of TRH immunoreactivity by serum is prevented by a mixture of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate and Tween 20. This persisted for a long period and at the concentration used in this study did not affect the TRH value. The TRH was extracted from serum with methanol. The results of the recovery experiment, dilution curve of high TRH serum, intra-assay reproducibility and inter-assay variation were quite satisfactory. The lowest detectable amount in this system was 5.0 pg/ml. Immunoreactive TRH levels in the serum were less than 60 pg/ml in normal subjects, were below the limit of detectability in hyperthyroid patients, were 40 to 400 pg/ml in primary hypothyroid patients, were 100 to 600 pg/ml in pituitary hypothyroid patients and below the limit of detectability in hypothalamic hypothyroid patients. In primary hypothyroidism, immunoreactive TRH concentrations in the serum fell to in the normal range during thyroxine substitution. In most cases of hyperthyroidism, immunoreactive TRH concentrations in the serum increased to 5.0 pg/ml or more during antithyroid drug treatment, but in a few cases the level remained below the limit of detectability even though thyroid hormone levels were in the normal range. The above data suggest that this assay system would be a useful tool to study the role of TRH in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 823753 TI - A reversible chemical sterilization of male langurs (Presbytisentellus entellus Dufresne): a single intratesticular injection of alpha-chlorohydrin. AB - A reversible sterilization of male monkeys by intratesticular administration of alpha-chlorohydrin have been studied. 2 - A single injection of alpha chlorohydrin (100 mg/testis intratesticular) caused degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules. Extensive necrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements were consistently observed even after 45 days of treatment. Tubular and Leydig cell nuclear shrinkage was noticed. The lumen of the epididymides and vas deferens were devoid of spermatozoa. 3 - Normal spermatogenesis was restored after 100 days of alpha-chlorohydrin administration. 4 - Liver function test were performed to ascertain whether any distrubance is caused. Serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, plasma cholesterol, haemoglobin and hematocrit levels remained within normal limits. 5 - In conclusion, a reversible male sterilization in langurs is of particular importanze with normal liver functions. It would seem plausible to translate these observations in terms of reversible fertility control in man. PMID- 823754 TI - [Evaluation of the contribution of radiologic technics to surgical biliary pathology]. PMID- 823755 TI - Colony formation by canine hemopoietic cells in vitro. Inhibition by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - In soft agar cultures of canine blood leukocytes, an inhibition of colony formation was observed relative to the size of the inoculum. Analysis of the cellular composition of the inoculum suggested that this inhibition was associated with the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes present. Removal of phagocytic cells by the iron ingestion method or selective destruction of granulocytes by freezing in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide eliminated the inhibitory action on colony formation. In mixed cultures of canine bone marrow and antologous blood leukocytes, a similar inhibition of colony formation was observed. The results presented indicate that polymorphonuclear leukocytes, if present in a concentration exceeding 2.5X10(6)/ml of inoculum, inhibit in vitro granulocytic/monocytic colony formation. PMID- 823756 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Ferrara. A new variant of g-6-PD identified in Northern Italy. AB - A new variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) has been discovered in Northern Italy, in the district of Ferrara. This variant is characterized by high decrease of red blood cell enzyme activity (less than 5% of normal), high affinity for G-6-P and NADP, increased utilization of deamino-NADP and 2-deoxy-G 6-P, and faster electrophoretic mobility in the buffer systems commonly used for the classification of the G-6-PD variants. The new G-6-PD type was never associated with clinical manifestations in any cases except neonatal jaundice in some of the newborns with this enzyme deficiency. The frequency of the new variant in the Ferrara district indicates that it has probably appeared in this area by mutation some centuries ago. It is suggested that this variant should be named G-6-PD Ferrara. PMID- 823757 TI - Cytoplasmic fibrils in plasma cell leukemia. AB - In a patient with plasma cell leukemia, associated with pleural effusion, ultrastructural studies of the peripheral blood plasma cells showed an abundance of cytoplasmic fibrils. The nature of fibrils was not clarified, but they were not amyloid fibrils. This finding, coupled with a liaterature review, suggests that the cytoplasmic fibrils in plasma cells may be an additional cytological feature of this rare form of leukemia. PMID- 823758 TI - Response of blood and bone marrow neutrophils to the nitroblue-tetrazolium test in children. AB - The ability of blood and bone marrow neutrophils to reduce nitroblue-tetrazolium both before and after stimulation with Escherichia coli endotoxin was investigated. The polymorphonuclear cells of the bone marrow are less able to reduce the dye than blood cells. This difference is maintained after stimulation by endotoxin. Early forms of neutrophils (myelocytes and metamyelocytes) have some reducing ability but this is more marked after stimulation with endotoxin. PMID- 823759 TI - Progression and prognosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the acute stage: hematologic and cytogenetic aspects. AB - Ten patients with Ph1 chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia entering the acute stage were divided hematologically into two different groups. One was characterized by a predominance of myeloblasts in marrow and was cytogenetic either by diploid or hypodiploid, whereas the other had generally low myeloblast counts without significant differences between the peripheral blood and the bone marrow, and was characterized by hyperdiploidy. It is suggested that an extramedullary acute transformation in the spleen occurs primarily in most cases of the latter group. PMID- 823760 TI - Residues 124 and 125 (H2 and H3) of the human haemoglobin delta-chain. AB - Residues 124 and 125 of the beta-chain of human haemoglobin are prolyl-prolyl. In the delta-chain, one of these positions is occupied by a glutaminyl, and there has been uncertainty as to which of the two residues is the prolyl and which the glutaminyl. The sequence has now been established to be delta124 Pro - 125 Gln. PMID- 823761 TI - [Classification of myelosclerosis according to ferrokinetic investigations]. PMID- 823762 TI - Platelet and leukocyte antibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - Platelet and leukocyte counts and leukocytotoxic and platelet antibodies were studied in 32 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA). Leukopenia was present in 59.4%, thrombocytopenia in 59.4% and leuko-thrombocytopenia in 40.5% of the cases. Specific antibodies for granulocytes were found in 81.3%, platelet antibodies in 90.6%. The AHA, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia generally presented a dissociated evolution and a different response to immunosuppressive treatment. The leukopenia of 2 and the thrombocytopenia of 6 patients appeared at variable time intervals after the AHA or the detection of leukocyte and platelet antibodies. Thrombocytopenic purpura was present in 6 patients, and in 2 of these since infancy. AHA may thus be a comples autoimmune syndrome that may involve leukocytes and platelets as well as erythrocytes, with synthesis of autoantibodies specific for different blood cells. PMID- 823764 TI - [A contribution of the histochemical behaviour of the unspecific esterases in hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, adrenal and parotid gland of the rat against inhibitors]. AB - On continuation of study by KURZ and GOSLAR (1974) concerning the inhibitory effects to non specific esterases on liver and kidney, the behaviour of alpha naphthyl-acetate-esterases on hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, adrenal and parotid glands of rats had been examined against aldehydes, organic solution-mediators and anorganic salts. It had shown a different sensitiveness, the esterases of tanycytes, nerve cells and pituicytes acted more sensitive than those of the adrenal cortex and parotid gland. The differences seen on the solution-mediators were less; on metal salts from different groups of periodical system which applied, the most intense blocking effect was found in the nerve cells. The esterases of tanycytes and the immediately extensively reacting pituicytes, as well as the adrenal cortex esterases reacted essentially less sensitive, the gland cells of parotid even almost not at all. The arguments of this behaviour are discussed and pointed out with different complexity of alpha-naphthylacetate splitting enzymes on individual organs. PMID- 823763 TI - Endotoxaemia in acute hepatic failure. PMID- 823765 TI - [Interpretation of autoradiogramms and images of biological objects with the electronically operating image analyzer. "Densitron II". 1. The mode of work, efficiency, and possibilities of application of the apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - Mode of operation and general parameters of efficiency of the Densitron II, an automated, electronically operating image analyzer, are demonstrated in autoradiographs and histological preparations, as an example. In this apparatus, a condensation and preparation of data is effected by isolated representation on a TV colour monitor of all the image - points whose transparency is the same or lies within a determined, freely selected interval. Simultaneous estimation of both transparency and area is possible. PMID- 823766 TI - [Histochemical evidence of the aminotransferases. V. Quantitative histochemical investigations of the aminotransferases in organs of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The quantitative histochemical method was employed the activity of some aminotransferases in the rat organs. Determination was based on extraction of the enzymatic reaction product formazan with alkaline dimethylsulfoxid. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity was given by the formazan quantity related to 1 mug tissue protein. The following transaminases have been studied: aspartate-, alanine-, tyrosine-, phenylalanine-, tryptophane-, glycine-, and serine aminotransferases, as the leucine aminotransferase with substrate leucine, isoleucine and valine. Difference was observed as with respect to one and the same aminotransferase in the examined organs, as well, with respect to the different aminotransferases in one and the same organ. PMID- 823767 TI - Histochemical evidence of aminotransferases. AB - The activity of the aspartate-, alanine-, tyrosine-, phenylalanine- and tryptophane aminotransferases in the rat organes in development have been investigated by quantitative histochemical methods. The isoenzymes have also been examined. The variable increase of the aminotransferase activity has been observed in the liver, brain, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. In spite of the differences of the aspartate aminotransferase activity in the organs, the increase up to the 7th postnatal day, the reduction after that and the repeated increase after the 14th day reaching the level of the adult animals is evident as a common trend. A considerable increase of the alanine aminotransferase activity has been observed in the late postnatal period. While the difference in the activity of the aromatic aminotransferases in the embryonic organs is small, the changes of the 3 enzymes are different in the postnatal development. The number and the intensity of the isoenzymes of the aspartate- and alanine aminotransferases increase in the development. The isoenzyme spectrum of aromatic aminotransferases in the embryo proves an equal in number and intensity of fractions. In the development this similarity is preserved only with regard to cathode isoenzymes, while with anode once some differences appear. PMID- 823768 TI - The automation of microspectrophotometry of tissue sections. AB - A system for quantitative microspectrophotometry with automatic data acquisition is described. It is relatively simple and less expensive than presently-available equipment. Fitted with the appropriate software, the system permits various types of probe selection, with both selection and measurement made under individual optimal conditions. PMID- 823770 TI - Morphological and enzyme-histochemical changes of the mouse thymus after hydrocortisone. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of hydrocortisone on morphology and enzyme-histochemistry of the thymus, on the peripheral blood cell picture, and on skin graft survival time in mice. In addition to the prolongation of survival of skin grafts, to a dose-dependent lymphopenia, and to an increase in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, we found morphologically enlarged epithelial reticular cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which often formed cyst-like structures. Because of their broad enzyme activity it may well be that these epithelial cell derived cysts regulate by means of humoral factor(s) the repopulation of the thymic cortex. In addition semithin sections clearly showed that the polymorphonuclear-like cells in the thymic cortex are altered lymphocytes with fragmented nuclei. PMID- 823769 TI - Aryl sulfatase activity in mouse molar odontogenesis. AB - Arylsulfatase activity has been studied in the developing molar of the Swiss albino mouse from the lamina stage to the appositional stage. Timed-pregnant Swiss albino mice were utilized in this study. Females were sacrificed by ether anesthesia and fetuses extirpated or newborns anesthetized and decapitated. Frozen sections were fixed and incubated for arylsulfatase activity according to a modification of the method of PEARSE (1972). The tissue was dehydrated, cleared and covered. Phase light microscopy was utilized in evaluating arylsulfatase activity in the developing molar. Arylsulfatase activity was evaluated for each stage of development and the results presented in tabular form. The present investigation represents the first known effort to describe arylsulfatase activity in odontogenic tissues from the initiation of the dental lamina through the appositional stage. Arylsulfatase activity appeared to be related to the degree of vascularization of the developing enamel organ and adnexa and the beginning of hard tissue elaboration. PMID- 823771 TI - [The histochemical demonstration of a zinc activated, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. AB - An acid phosphatase which is highly activated by zinc acetate is demonstrated histochemically in the medulla of adrenal gland of the rat. It is shown that the acid phosphatases demonstrable histochemically in the medulla of adrenal gland are strongly inhibited by sodium tartrate while acid phosphatase demonstrable histochemically in presence if zinc acetate is tratrate resistant. PMID- 823772 TI - [Passive electrical investigations on the normal and atherosclerotic human aorta in the alpha-dispersion area (author's transl)]. AB - The passive electrical behaviour of the normal and the atherosclerotic human aorta was investigated at frequencies between 20 Hz and 50 kHz. A distinct alpha dispersion area with characteristic frequencies of 280 and 104 Hz respectively was found in the normal vessel wall as well as in the atherosclerotic plaques. The confrontation of the passive electrical parameters determined from the curves shows in atherosclerotic plaques an increase of epsilon 0 and a decrease of epsilon infinity compared with the normal aorta. The characteristic frequency f 0 is smaller in atheromas and the relaxation time t 0 is larger accordingly. The distribution parameter alpha is smaller in atherosclerotic plaques. That means that in atheromas the physically defined structures are larger and among one another more similar physically. A connection between the passive electrical parameters and the structural and biochemical compisition of the vessel wall and its pathological changes is discussed. PMID- 823773 TI - Spatial arrangement of some erythrocyte membrane receptor sites. AB - Alcian Blue proved to be a hemagglutinin specific for negatively charged receptors. Either sialylization or tryptic degradation of glycoproteins of human erythrocytes greatly diminished the agglutinability by Alcian Blue. Studies with group A antiserum, anti-AHP and the lectin of Lens culinaris demonstrated the masking efficiency of erythrocyte major glycoproteins. Previous proteolytic digestion enhanced the agglutinability of human red blood cells due to uncovering of what is considered glycolipidic group A receptors. The findings provide indirect evidence for the spatial arrangement of erythrocyte receptor sites. PMID- 823774 TI - [Histotopics of glycosidases in the accessory sex glands of bull (author's transl)]. AB - The histochemical distribution of 4 glycosidases (alpha-Mannosidase, beta Glucuronidase, N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-Galactosidase) has been studied in the accessory sex glands of bulls. All glcosidases displayed the highest activity in the distal part of the caput epididymidis and in the cauda epididymidis. A distinct activity of N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta galactosidase was observed in the seminal vesicle, the ampulla ductus deferentis and in the prostatic gland. In the epithelium of the bulbourethral gland only a weak content of beta-Galactosidase could be demonstrated histochemically. The functional role of the glycosidases in the accessory sex organs is discussed briefly. PMID- 823775 TI - A histochemical study on the differentiating vertebral column of chick. AB - 1. The differentiation of the vertebral elements of the cervical region of the chick has been studied from 4 to 23 day age group counted from the day of the commencement of incubation. 2. From the histochemical tests it appears that chondrogenesis does not take place simultaneously in all the areas of the vertebra. 3. Histochemical changes usually follow histological differentiation. 4. The findings have been discussed in the light of inducing principles by the spinal cord. PMID- 823776 TI - Directed metal determination in pre- and post-natal stages of development of the islets of Langerhans by combined histochemical metal demonstration with electron probe X-ray microanalysis. AB - On the examples shown above it was possible to demonstrate that electron-X-ray microanalysis does not only present an important additional method for studying histochemical heavy metal reactions but can also be expected to provide, in combination with these, essential findings for the illustration of basic biological processes. PMID- 823777 TI - A comparative study of four sublines of mouse fibroblast cells. AB - Cell doubling time, DNA distribution pattern, frequency distribution of chromosome numbers per cell and degree of synchrony obtained after mitotic selection were studied in 4 different sublines of mouse fibroblast cells, NCTC L 929, in culture. The 4 sublines did not differ with respect to their cell kinetic data but showed changes of the chromosome pattern compared to the stemline and compared to each other suggesting that chromosome analysis provides a very sensitive means to detect evolutianary changes of a permanent cell line. PMID- 823778 TI - [A mathematical model concerning the DNA-karyogram in connection with the cell cycle. I. Communication. The derivation of the DNA frequency distribution from the duration of the single phases of cell cycle (author's transl)]. AB - Stimulated by our own experience on flow microfluorometry we establish a mathematical model concerning the connection between the duration of the single phases of cell cycle and frequency distribution of cell nuclei as a function of their DNA content. For the establishment of the equations we need some simplified suppositions. We interprete the distribution curve (DNA karyogram) as 3 superimposing portions: 1. A Gaussian distribution of G1-phase cells at the first or 2c-peak. 2. A Gaussian distribution of G2 + M phase cells at the second or 4c peak (twofold DNA content). 3. Nuclei from the S-phase with DNA content between the mean values of the two Gaussian curves. Our model has the following pecularities: 1. The establishment of the equation for the curve and therefore the addition of the partial curves is done in a logarithmical (log-normal) system. Here we can assume the same standard deviation both for the first and the second peak. 2. The superimposing of the S-phase acts on the whole curve and not only between the mean values of the Gaussian curves. Here the integral of the Gaussian distribution is employed for the equation. The equations are elaborated for the whole curve with the periods of the single phases as parameter, for the positions of the maxima and the minimum and for the quotient of the arguments of the maxima ("rhythm of reduplication") as a function of the duration of the single phases. Some examples are given and drawn in diagrams. They demonstrate the shape of the DNA karyogram and the rhythm of reduplication as funtions of the duration of the single phases of the cell cycle. The transformation in the linear system distorts the shape of the curve up to the disappearance of the second peak. The results from the model are the base for the interpretation of DNA karyograms, originating for instance from cytophotometry, mainly from flow microfluorometry. With the model we can estimate a change in direction and quantity of the curves altered by different phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 823779 TI - [A low pressure perfusion method suitable for enzyme histochemical studies on the cochlea exemplified with the demonstration of NADH-diaphorase activity (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a low pressure perfusion method for enzyme histochemical reactions in the cochlea of guinea pig is proved in the case of the demonstration of the NADH diaphorase. It was shown by measuring of the microphonic potentials during the perfusion, that the perfusion medias caused practically no chemical or mechanical defections of the hair cells under the new conditions of working. The activities of the NADH-diaphorase were demonstrated mainly in the hair cells and in the nervous fibres of the organ of Corti. A remarkable NADH-diaphorase activity was detected in the Boettcher cells too. PMID- 823780 TI - Histoenzymic investigation of the rat amygdala in the course of ontogenetic development. AB - A histoenzymic study of various dehydrogenases, phosphatases and of esterases was conducted in rat amygdala in the course of postfetal ontogenic development. The performed investigations have revealed a variable degree of activity of several enzymes in the course of postnatal maturation of the rat, corresponding to the gradually developing behavioural functions. The histochemical maturation of the amygdaloid system of the rat is completed at the age of between 17 and 40 days postnatal. The obtained evidence revealed considerable differences in AChE, ATP ase and acP activity between the individual nuclei of the amygdala as well as some developmental variability of this differentiation. PMID- 823781 TI - The metabolism of glucose of nerve cells cultivated under different conditions. AB - 1. The consumption of glucose and formation of lactate was studied in medium of long-term cultivated nerve tissue. Fragments of chicken brain embryo dissociated and reaggregated brain cells were cultivated in Rose chambers, Falcon plastic dishes and Erlenmayer flasks. 2. Dissociated cells were cultivated in Petri dishes in media containing 100 mg/100 ml glucose. Consumption of glucose and formation of lactate increases until the 9th day. Glucose is completely exhausted in the medium up to the 2nd week of cultivation. 3. The time curve of both glucose consumption and lactate production is similar in cultures cultivated in Rose chambers, Petri dishes and Falcon plastic dishes. Cultures in Rose chambers utilize glucose at later stages anaerobically, whereas in Petri dishes and Falcon plastic dishes approximately 25% is utilized by aerobic glycolysis. 4. Cells dissociated by trypsinization and sieving are metabolically more active than cells separated mechanically (sieving only). During later stages of cultivation of enzymatically dissociated cells in 100 mg/100 ml glucose, lactate is utilized like a substrate, because of concentration of glucose in the medium is not being sufficient. 5. The concentration of glucose is essential for utilization by the aerobic pathway. In dissociated cells, cultivated in media enriched by 400 mg/100 ml of glucose in Falcon plastic dishes 75% of aerobic glycolysis is found during first 10 days and 50% in later stages. In the same system, cultivated in 100 mg/100 ml of glucose, glucose is exhausted up to the 12th day and lactate is utilized as a substrate. 6. In the close system of cultivation, i.e. in Rose chambers, 50% of glucose is utilized by the aerobic pathway if the medium contains 400 mg/100 ml of glucose. Early cultivation period of dissociated cells in Falcon plastic dishes is slowed, because cells adhere slowly to the plastic ground. 7. Structural development of cultures and differentiation of cells was studied during the cultivation period. Cells cultivated in elevated glucose concentration exhibit signs of better differentiation. PMID- 823782 TI - Occurrence of resilin and its significance in the cuticle of Pennella elegans, a copepod parasite. AB - The cuticle of the region connecting the anterior and posterior half of the body of parasite shows two peculiarities. The epicuticle is folded and the lamellations in the outer region of the procuticle are wavy. Histochemical tests and investigations with fluorescent compounds showed that there is evidence of stabilization of the cuticle protein by formation of di- and trityrosine links as reported in the wing ligament cuticle of insects and elastic leg-hinge of the crayfish. By chromatography analysis, the above two amino acids were isolated and were found to be involved in the stabilization of resilin. In the light of above findings it is suggested that this may be related to this region serving as a flexible hinge. PMID- 823783 TI - Studies on the physiology of pollen and pollen tube growth. 1. pinus roxburghii. AB - Pollen grains and pollen tubes of Pinus roxburghii were subjected to histochemical technique with a view to determining the distributional pattern of reserve substances (ascorbic acid, proteins starch, polysaccharides, nucleic acids) and some enzymes (acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, peroxidase, esterase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase). An attempt is made to correlate the activity of different enzymes in relation to pollen tube growth. PMID- 823785 TI - Odontometric study of African monkey teeth. AB - Univariate analysis of the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters of Cercocebus albigena, Cercopithecus aethiops and Cercopithecus ascanius revealed a complex pattern of contrasts depending upon which tooth dimension was compared. By contrast, multivariate analysis discriminated between the dentitions of Cercocebus albigena on the one hand and Cercopithecus aethiops and Cercopithecus ascanius on the other hand, but whether these differences reflected genetic or environmental factors requires further data. PMID- 823786 TI - The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). AB - The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it. PMID- 823784 TI - [Histochemical evidence of aminotransferases. VII. Quantitative histochemical and biochemical investigations of the amino-transferases of branched chain amino acids, glycine and serine in the rat organs during development (author's transl)]. AB - Ontogenetic changes of the activity and isoenzymes of the aminotransferases of branched chain amino acids, glycine and serine in the rat organs have been studied by quantitative histochemical method and by electrophoresis. An increase of the enzymatic activity with the 3 branched chain amino acids has been observed up to the 7th day after birth. Thereafter the changes with leucine and isoleucine are rather similar. The intensity of the specific leucine aminotransferase isoenzymes in the liver and the brain gradually increase in the development. Despite this, the nonspecific isoenzymes are available only in the embryonic and early postnatal stages. Glycine- and serine aminotransferases show relatively similar pattern of activity and more prominent change between the 7th and 14th postnatal day. The variant pattern of the aminotransferase activity in the growing rats is discussed with regard to the metabolic, structural and hormonal changes in the development. The differences in the activity of one and the same aminotransferase or its isoenzymes in the organs are most probably related to the functional differentiation. PMID- 823787 TI - A multidimensional study of personality traits ad modum Sjobring. AB - Three groups of epileptic out-patients (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor epilepsy, and cryptogenic grand mal) were studied. The groups were matched as closely as possible with each other with regard to sex, age, and treatment. Out patients suffering from Meniere's disease served as a control group; these patients were treated with placebo and matched with the epilepsy groups with regard to sex, duration of disease and social level. The Marke-Nyman inventory was used as a quantitative assessment of personality traits. This inventory is an operative definition of Sjobring's neurophysiological model of personality, including the three dimensions: validity, stability and solidity. Our results showed that epileptic patients irrespective of the type of seizures were substable. Low validity was found in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and in patients with psychomotor epilepsy with temporal EEG focus. In those latter epilepsy groups a tendency to subsolidity was also observed. In Sjobring's frame of reference these substable patients of low validity have a psychological vulnerability since they are unable to overcome the small concrete adversities of life. They adhere to problems, and being unable to solve them they tend to react in a mood of discontent or of maladjustment. In the usual psychiatric frame of reference substable patients of low validity are classified as psychoastenic patients with emotional instability. PMID- 823788 TI - Human placental lactogen hormone in serum from pregnant women with rhesus (anti D) isoimmunization. AB - Determination of human placental lactogen hormone (HPL) was performed in 346 serum samples from 59 rhesus isoimmunized pregnant women. In all cases of fetal death-either intrauterine or in the first seven days after birth-we find a high level of HPL in maternal serum several weeks before death. All patients with normal HPL concentrations in the maternal serum, and who were treated by intrauterine transfusions, had surviving infants. If the indication for intrauterine transfusion is combined with an elevated HPL level in materal serum one must weigh the risk of the procedure against the poor prognosis for the fetus before deciding whether to intervene. Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone were of no clinical use, but we find a correlation between progesterone and HPL differing from the same correlation found in normal and diabetic pregnancies. A possible explanation is discussed in relation to the endoplasmic reticulum in the syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 823789 TI - Amniotic fluid bilirubin as a prognostic indicator in rhesus isoimmunization. AB - The bilirubin concentration in 654 amniotic fluids obtained by amniocentesis of 227 consecutive rhesus isoimmunized pregnancies is determined by the chloroform extraction method. The material is divided in 3 classes reflecting the severity of erythroblastosis. It is found, by means of graphical analysis that corresponding fractiles of the amniotic fluid concentrations of bilirubin in different gestational weeks imply an almost uniform prognosis. In terms of logarithm the various bilirubin fractiles seem to move parallel to and linear with gestational time. A prediction diagram is constructed, making it possible to estimate fetal prognosis from the concentration of amniotic fluid bilirubin. PMID- 823791 TI - The diameter and number of dentinal tubules in rat, cat, dog and monkey. A comparative scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate in commonly used experimental animals the pulpal wall and the dentin with special reference to the number and diameter of the dentinal tubules. The coronal dentin of a total of 26 permanent, intact teeth from rat, cat, dog and monkey was fractured experimentally. The calculations were based on the study of about 150 scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of fractured surfaces and of the pulp chamber wall. The number of dentinal tubules per unit area was calculated and the tubule diameter was measured at various distances from the pulp. The tubules were found to be widest at the pulpal wall, where the mean diameter ranged form 1.7 to 2.8 mum, the highest value being found in monkey and the lowest in the incisors of rat. In the middle part of the dentin the mean diameter varied from 1.0 to 1.3 mum and at the periphery it was 0.6 to 0.9 mum. The largest number of tubules per unit area was found immediately incisal of the pulp horn and the smallest number cervically, near the enamel. At the pulpal wall the mean number of the tubules ranged from 50,000 to 90,000/mm2, in the middle of the dentin it was between 37,000 and 50,000/mm2 and at the periphery it was between 10,000 and 25,000/mm2. In all species examined the dentinal tubules showed a straight course, except in incisors of rat, where local irregularities were seen. A comparison was also made between the species studied and homo with respect to the number and width of the dentinal tubules. PMID- 823790 TI - Histochemical studies on beta-glucuronidase activity in developing teeth and bone of rat and Macaque monkey. AB - The enzyme beta-glucuronidase (E.C. 3.2.1.31.) has been studied in developing teeth and bone of Sprague-Dawley rats and Macaque monkeys (Macaca Irus) by means of histochemistry using naphthol-AS-BI-beta-D-glucuronide as substrate and hexazotized pararosanilin as coupling reagent. Since beta-glucuronidase is sensitive to fixatives a freeze-sectioning technique has been used which made it possible to section highly mineralized tissues without previous fixation and decalcification. In the bone enzyme activity was found in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. beta-glucuronidase activity was found in teeth of both species in odontoblasts, ameloblasts, stratum intermedium, inner and outer enamel epithelium. When enamel matrix formation was completed as indicated by the reduction of ameloblast length the enzyme activity of the ameloblasts increased. PMID- 823792 TI - Effect of tetracyclines on collagen biosynthesis in the dental pulp. AB - The mechanism by which tetracyclines affect the formation of dentin was studied by measuring the biosynthesis of collagen in the pulp. The material consisted of 160 rabbit pulps and 108 rat pulps. Collagen synthesis was determined by incubating pulps with [14C]proline and measuring the formation of non-dialyzable [14C]hydroxyproline. The activity of protocollagen proline hydroxylase was measured as the conversion of [14C]proline to [14C]hydroxyproline in a protocollagen substrate by the supernatant of a pulp homogenate. In in vitro experiments, oxytetracycline or demethylchlortetracycline inhibited collagen synthesis. Also, the activity of protocollagen proline hydroxylase extracted from rabbit pulps was decreased in the presence of tetracyclines. In both cases the inhibition was related to the concentration of tetracyclines and the inhibition could be prevented by addition of ferrous iron to the incubation. In in vivo studies, injections of demethylchlortetracycline to rats inhibited collagen synthesis measured in vitro and the activity of protocollagen proline hydroxylase in the incisor pulps. It was concluded that this effect may be specific to collagen synthesis and the effect may be through chelation of ferrous iron, a cofactor of protocollagen proline hydroxylase. Consequently, the mineralization disturbances in developing teeth during tetracycline therapy may be partly due to a decreased formation of the organic matrix of dentin. PMID- 823793 TI - Assessment of anterior pituitary function during the post-partum period. AB - In order to assess anterior pituitary function during the puerperium, 20 women were studied by 14 intravenous LRH and 10 TRH stimulation tests within 2-10 days post-partum. The basal FSH level (150-340 ng/ml) was within the normal non pregnant range for the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (50-350 ng/ml) and did not increase after 100 mug of synthetic LRH. The TSH (3.3-8.8 muU/ml) was high and increased after 200 mug of synthetic TRH about twofold. Obstetrical parameters (e.g. milk excretion, pregnancy complication, type of delivery or the amount of bleeding during delivery) were not associated with significant changes in FSH or TSH levels or in the responses to TRH stimulation. PMID- 823794 TI - Acquired resistance of BCG-vaccinated red mice to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Infection experiments have shown that red mice, belonging to the vole family, could be infected with Listeria monocytogenes and that they were almost as susceptible to intravenous infection as Cf1 mice. Vaccination of red mice with BCG induced a resistance which could be demonstrated by prologation of the survival time of the animals after challenge with Listeria. The resistance was greatest in the second and third week after vaccination and was considerably higher after intravenous injection of BCG vaccine than after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. On the basis of studies concerning the dose of vaccine, the route of vaccination, and the interval between vaccination and challenge, a method by which to evaluate the potency of a strain of BCG has been elaborated. By this method it was found that there was a significant difference between the resistance produced by a strain of BCG which is weakly virulent and one which is strongly virulent for hamsters. PMID- 823795 TI - Tuberculin shock in red mice and CF1 mice immunized with strains of BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Groups of red mice and CF1 mice immunized intravenously with varying doses of a weak and a strong strain of BCG and a strain of M. tuberculosis were challenged 3 4 weeks later with 2 or 0.5 mg of purified tuberculin injected intravenously. The shock sensitivity of the animals in the individual groups was evaluated on the basis of the number of deaths and the survival times after challenge. In the red mice, the strain of M. tuberculosis induced a significantly greater sensitivity than the BCG strains. The strong strain of BCG induced a slightly greater sensitivity than the weak strain, but the difference was not significant. The CF1 mice were more sensitive to tuberculin shock than the red mice, but any difference in the sensitivity of the animals in the individual groups immunized with the three strains could not be demonstrated. PMID- 823796 TI - Immunochemical analysis of an unusual cell wall polysaccharide from animal coagulase-positive staphylococci. 2. Probable structure based on chemical and serological studies. AB - The teichoic acid of polysaccharide P (poly P) contains glycerol, glucose and phosphate. Hydrofluoric acid and alkali hydrolysates contain glycerol 1 phosphate, glycerol diphosphate, and glucose 1-phosphate, but no glucosyl glycerol fragments. Glucose and the serological activity of poly P were destroyed by periodate oxidation. Interaction with concanavalin A showed that the glucose is in alpha-configuration and that the hydroxyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 6 are unsubstituted. Most probably, the poly P teichoic acid is a polymer containing a repeating unit in which glycerol 1-phosphate is attached to the 2 position on alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. PMID- 823798 TI - Capillary permeability in adipose tissue. AB - A method for measurement of capillary permeability using external registration of gamma emitting isotopes after close arterial bolus injection was applied to the isolated inguinal fat pad in slightly fasting rabbits. An average extraction of 26 per cent for 51Cr-EDTA was found at a plasma flow of about 7 ml/100 g-min. This corresponds to a capillary diffusion capacity of 2.0 ml/100 g-min which is half the value reported for vasodilated skeletal muscle having approximately twice as great capillary surface area. Thus, adipose tissue has about the same capillary permeability during slight metabolic activation as vasodilated skeletal muscle. PMID- 823797 TI - The effect of N-acetylated DL-penicillamine and DL-homocysteine thiolactone on the mercury distribution in adult rats, rat foetuses and macaca monkeys after exposure to methyl mercuric chloride. PMID- 823799 TI - Malignant nasopharyngeal tumours. Result of radiation therapy. AB - A material of 61 malignant nasopharyngeal tumours were treated during the 10-year period 1959-1968. The primary tumour was in most cases treated with a supervoltage technique and the neck node regions were irradiated only when lymph metastases were found. The crude 5-year survival in the whole series was 43% and the symptom-free 5-year survival 34%. If the rare tumour types were excluded (plasmocytoma and salivary gland type adenocarcinoma) the corresponding figures were 41 and 33%, respectively. The retrospective analysis did not indicate that prophylactic neck irradiation could have increased the cure rate. PMID- 823800 TI - A visual deficit after superior colliculus lesions in monkeys. AB - The superior colliculus has been implicated in visual orientation and localization in several mammalian species. To examine this possibility in rhesus monkeys, we trained monkeys to respond to one of six locations signaled by a small light of 5 s duration that was turned off immediately before they were allowed to respond. The locations were directly behind the light. After tectal lesions they continued to perform this task normally, but showed a severe deficit when the duration of the signal was reduced to 1 s. However, when the stimulus remained on throughout the trial and the site of the stimulus and response were further separated, performance of the animals with tectal lesions was normal. We suggest that this deficit in the accuracy of reaching guided by a transient visual stimulus may be related to the role of the superior colliculus in the control of eye movements. PMID- 823801 TI - Inhibition and the septal nuclei: breakdown of the single concept model. AB - The term inhibition has played an important role in the theoretical discussions on brain function since Sherrington and Pavlov. The interpretation of the term was a major issue in Konorski's monograph of 1948, and a main point of difference between his views and those of Pavlov. In his 1967 monograph Konorski revised and expanded his views on the various types of inhibitory phenomena. The term has also been used extensively in neuropsychology, in particular in research related to the frontal lobes and limbic structures. Among the limbic structures, it is the septal/subcallosal area that has received most attention from this point of view. The aim of this paper is to review how the term inhibition has been used in the analysis of the function of the septal nuclei, how this relates to Konorski's views on inhibition, and to what extent inhibition still is a useful explanatory concept in describing the behavioral role of these nuclei. The paper will not attempt to give a comprehensive review of the literature on the septal nuclei, excellent reviews are available (Fried 1972, Caplan 1973, Lubar and Numan 1973, Grossman 1975). Only those papers will be dealt with that are relevant for the theoretical positions discussed. PMID- 823802 TI - CNS recovery of function: serial lesion effects. PMID- 823803 TI - Recent studies in the epidemiology of tuberculosis, based on the risk of being infected with tubercle bacilli. AB - This review describes recent epidemiological studies, based upon the risk of infection with tubercle bacilli. In the Netherlands the risk of infection has been decreasing steeply and exponentially for many years, but in some developing countries there was little secular trend in the absence of intensive control measures. Variations in the risk of infection with age are being examined. A comprehensive statistical analysis has shown that the major risk of development of tuberculosis is following a recent primary infection; the risk is smaller following reinfection of a previously infected subject, and is very small indeed, in the absence of reinfection, if the primary infection took place more than 5 years previously. PMID- 823805 TI - [Observations on the corrosion costs of the choriocapillaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 823804 TI - Anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins and leucocyte migration. AB - The action of some non-steroidal acidic anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, phenylbutazone and indomethacin, in reducing leucocyte migration into the exudates of inert porous sponges implanted subdermally in the rat has been shown to be distinct from their effect in reducing the content of prostaglandins in the exudates. It is concluded that a component of the anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic actions of the drugs is concerned with a mechanism other than inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 823806 TI - Ultrastructure of pulmonary macrophagic system. AB - A mature AMF, ready for phagocytosis, is a relatively large cell with an oval nucleus, with indentations of a nuclear envelope of varying depth. Evenly distributed chromatin forms beneath the nuclear envelope a rim of heterochromatin. There is a prominent nucleus with a distinct nucleolonemma. The cytoplasm is differentiated into a continuous ectoplasmic zone with numberous finger-like processes and pseudopodia. The organelles are formed by scattered round or oval mitochondria, a description is given of the Golgi apparatus in the juxtanuclear position, in certain sites multifocal in form, of the centriolar apparatus, scarce profiles of endoplasmic granular reticulum, dispersed free polyribosomes and microfilaments in varying amounts. The most outstanding feature is the rich lysosomal apparatus of varying structure depending on the functional state. Dynamics of the maturation of AMF was studied in intermediate phases, described here. The peribronchovascular connective tissue is the seat of free macrophages of a structure analogous with that of AMF. Fixed macrophages are anchored in the loose connective tissue by processes of different shape and length. The prevailing component of the cytoplasm are numerous vesicular structures and vacuoles as well as a marked lysosomal apparatus. Fixed macrophages phagocytize foreign material in situ. The septal cell exists in normal state as an element with numerous intricated processes pervading the fibrillar substrate. Numerous free polyribosomes and vacuoles are its most marked component. Activation of septal cells was demonstrated under experimental conditions. Their transformation into free macrophages is probable. In the pulmonary intersitium, in the perivascular loose connective tissue particularly free cells of a similar structure as blood monocytes were shown in normal state. Under experimental conditions an increased number of monocytes is present in pulmonary capillaries, e.g. 24 hours after an intratracheal instillation of India ink colloid solution. At the same interval a number of free cells of the monocyte structure was found in the perivascular connective tissue and also in the alveolar lumen, with phagocytized carbon. An increased number of monocytes transforming into macrophagic cells was visualized in this localization as late as 14 days after the instillation of India ink colloid solution. The experimental study with an intratracheal instillation of India ink colloid solution in the mouse gave evidence of a high readiness of AMF. The carbon particles were seen phagocytized at an interval of 5 minutes after instillation. In all intervals during which free carbon particles were present in the alveolar epithelium mature AMF were observed with no or very low phagocytic activity, their lysosomal apparatus being prominent. On the contrary, in the phagocytizing AMF, the lysosomal apparatus disappeared in the greatest part of the cytoplasm. The clearance of AMF occurs predominantly by the air route... PMID- 823807 TI - Mainstreaming: the cost issue. PMID- 823808 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin ointment in congestive heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin absorbed transcutaneously from an ointment base were determined in 10 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (9 with ischemic heart disease and 1 with cardiomyopathy). The response was characterized by a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from an average of 30 to 19 mm Hg, and an increase in cardiac index from 1.7 to 2.2 liter/min per m2, with concomitant decreases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in venous capacitance. Mean arterial pressure decreased from 85 to 80 mm Hg, and heart rate remained unchanged. The hemodynamic effects persisted for 3 to 6 hours. These results indicate that nitroglycerin ointment is a hemodynamically potent vasodilating agent with potential value in the therapy of congestive heart failure. PMID- 823809 TI - Nitroglycerin ointment in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin ointment were studied in 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Control measurements were obtained and observations were made over the ensuing 240 minutes. There was no change in heart rate, cardiac index or stroke index. Ninety minutes after application of the ointment, peak decrements were evident in mean arterial pressure (from 100 to 88 mm Hg) (P less than 0.001), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 19 to 13 mm Hg) (P less than 0.001), right atrial pressure (from 8 to 5 mm Hg) (P less than 0.001) and heart X systolic blood pressure (from 1,155 to 1,044 mm Hg/min X 10( 1) (P less than 0.02); significant changes were still present at 240 minutes. Total peripheral resistance decreased maximally from 19.8 to 17.2 units (P less than 0.02); the transmyocardial gradient (arterial diastolic -- pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) did not decrease during the study. These data indicate that nitroglycerin ointment improves cardiac performance in patients with acute myocardial infarction while reducing the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption and preserving the transmyocardial gradient for coronary blood flow. PMID- 823810 TI - Medical versus surgical treatment of unstable angina. AB - Unstable angina is an important symptom of coronary artery disease. Two general clinical presentations may occur: (1) stable angina with a recent increase in severity or angina of recent onset, or (2) acute coronary insufficiency or angina at rest with chest pain resembling that of acute infarction. The risk of death or infarction is greater in patients who have recurrent chest pain and ST-T wave abnormalities despite hospital treatment. In patients without electrocardiographic or serum enzyme evidence of a completed infarct, coronary arteriography and bypass graft surgery can be performed with an acceptably low mortality rate. Surgical treatment provides better symptomatic relief than medical management in many patients, but the significant incidence of perioperative infarction makes it difficult to determine if surgery prevents infarction. Some studies indicate that surgery improves survival in subgroups, but data from large scale randomized studies will be needed to answer this question securely. Patients with disease of the left main coronary artery should probably have surgical treatment. Medical treatment will relieve symptoms in most patients with unstable angina and on a long-term basis may obviate the need for surgery. A preliminary period of intensive medical treatment before surgery may be advantageous since there is little evidence that survival rates are improved by treating unstable angina as an acute surgical emergency. PMID- 823811 TI - The heart in the Hurler syndrome: gross, histologic and ultrastructural observations in five necropsy cases. AB - Clinical and morphologic features of the cardiovascular system are described in five necropsy patients with the Hurler syndrome. In all five patients the coronary arteries, four cardiac valves, mural endocardium of all four chambers, myocardial walls and aorta were affected in a characteristic manner. All of these sites contained large clear cells known as Hurler cells (readily visible by light microscopy). In addition, granular cells were observed in semi-thin (1 mu) sections and by electron microscopy in the coronary arteries, atrioventricular (A V) valves and in myocardial interstitium. These latter cells appear to produce collagen in an abnormal way and are probably responsible for the heavy deposits of collagen in the cardiovascular system of patients with the Hurler syndrome. In the cardiac muscle cells, in smooth muscle cells of the coronary arteries and in fibroblasts, wherever located, deposits of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycolipids usually were also observed. The acid mucopolysaccharide deposits were observed easily with light microscopy except in the cardiac muscle cells where they were seen only with electron microscopy. The glycolipid depositis, observed only on examination of 1 mu thick sections or with electron microscopy, have not previously been observed in coronary arteries or in myocardial cells. The infiltration into the heart by these cells and deposits in all five patients resulted in severe narrowing of the extramural coronary arteries, considerable thickening of the cardiac valves (the left-sided more than the right-sided valves), generalized thickening of mural endocardium and "stiffening" of the myocardial walls. Thus, the cardiovascular lesions in the Hurler syndrome are specific and life-threatening. PMID- 823812 TI - Cholinergic innervation of the simian oxyntic gastric mucosa. AB - The innervation of the oxyntic gastric mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopy in the rhesus monkey. An abundant net of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves was seen in the lamina propria, with many slender fibers noted close to the basal lamina of the glands. Electron microscopic observation disclosed the presence of nerve fibers containing axons and varicosities in the lamina propria, often in very close proximity to the epithelial glandular cells. Nerve endings partly enveloped by a Schwann cell were occasionally seen in direct contact with a parietal cell. PMID- 823814 TI - Energy balance during recovery from malnutrition. AB - This report presents an account of energy balance of young Jamaican children recovering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). This was done in three steps. Initially the true gross energy of a formula used in the treatment of PEM was determined by bomb calorimetry. Then its metabolizable energy content was determined in a group of nine children recovering from PEM. In a similar but different group of eight children total daily metabolizable energy intake (EI), average rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) (WG), and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) were determined. TDEE was determined by indirect calorimetry using a heart rate counter and is based on the relationship of heart rate to oxygen consumption. In this group, the mean EI was 122.5 kcal, WG was 8.4 g, and TDEE was 92 kcal. The difference between EI and TDEE was 30.7 kcal/kg, or 3.3 kcal/g of weight gain. This difference is presumed to be the stored energy in new tissue and corresponds to a proposed new tissue composition of 31% fat and 14% protein. A regression curve comparison of WG versus EI showed that at zero weight gain EI was 85.5 kcal and each additional gain. The difference of 1.0 kcal between total energy cost and stored energy reflects the energy required to deposit new tissue. Gram weight gain required 4.4 kcal. The latter figure is felt to reflect the total energy cost of weight. From three independent measurements, an estimate of maintenance energy requirements was estimated to be about 82 kcal/kg/day. PMID- 823813 TI - Myelinated nerve cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - While observing electronmicroscopic preparations of laminae I-III of Rexed ('52), taken from the lumbosacral region of squirrel monkey spinal cord, several small neuronal cell bodies were found which were partially or completely encircled by compact myelin sheaths of varying thickness. Though found in all three laminae, the occurrence of these perikaryal sheaths was less frequent in the "inner zone" of lamina II where there were few myelinated fibers. Perikaryal profiles which were completely surrounded by myelin exhibited meither internal mesaxons nor external tongue processes and the origin of their myelin is obscure. In cases of partially enveloped cells the myelin was often clearly derived from extensions of myelin sheaths surrounding small-diameter axons. These overgrowths of myelin extended away from their axons at a pole near their internal mesaxon and spread out across the surface of neighboring nerve cells. In some cases the extensions were derived from the entire axonal sheath while in others only the external lamellae were included. The external tongue process, when observed, was located at the distal end of the axonal myelin extension. Overgrowths of axonal myelin which were unrelated to neuronal cell bodies were also found but these formations were less extensive. PMID- 823815 TI - Complement activity in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Using the hemolytic complement (CH50) assay, we evaluated the complement system of 28 children with severe protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) during their hospital admission and recovery. The mean CH50 activity in children with kwashiorkor was significantly less on hospital days 1 and 4 than in 17 healthy control subjects. On day 8 it rose to normal, and by day 50 it was significantly higher than the controls. The mean CH50 titer of 16 well-nourished febrile children was, in contrast to that of untreated PCM, significantly greater than the healthy controls. Of the children with PCM, 11 (40%) evidenced anticomplementary (AC) activity in their serum on either day or 1 or 4, but only two (7%) had detectable serum AC activity during later convalescence. Significantly, the CH50 titer in a PCM serum correlated inversely to the amount of AC activity in that serum (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that, in children with PCM, the complement system is compromised functionally, and that its repair coincides with intake of adequate diet. The presence of AC activity provides a possible mechanism for depressed complement activity in some untreated PCM children. PMID- 823816 TI - Nutritional studies in the pregnant rhesus monkey--the effect of protein-calorie or protein deprivation on growth of the fetal brain. AB - Twenty four pregnant nulliparous rhesus monkeys were distributed in three groups. While pregnant, the mothers were fed a diet, adequate in mineral and vitamins, that afforded 4.2 g protein and 100 cal; 1.2 g protein and 100 cal; or 1.2 g protein and 50 cal per kg per day. The fetuses were taken by cesarian section at 156 days gestation (term = 165 days) and the cerebrum and cerebellum were subsequently analysed chemically to assess composition and growth. Analyses revealed no statistically significant changes in protein, DNA, RNA, cholesterol, phospholipid, water, or chloride space of either tissue. The zinc concentration per gram of cerebral tissue or protein was significantly elevated in the low protein low calorie group. These results indicate that the brain of the fetus of this primate is protected during frank protein-calorie restriction of the mother. Moreover it is during this time that the major part of brain development takes place. It is argued that the differences observed after maternal restriction of protein and/or calories in subprimate mammals are not necessarily applicable to the human situation. PMID- 823817 TI - Serum folate levels. Comparison of microbiologic assay and radioisotope kit methods. AB - Serum folate levels were measured prospectively in 72 patients and six normal controls using the Lactobacillus casei microbiologic method and a commercially available sequential-binding radioassay kit method. Values between 0 and 14 ng/ml (0 and 31.78 nmol/l) (clinically significant range) obtained by the microbioassay and sequential-binding radioassay were analyzed statistically. The data suggest that comparable values are obtained by the two technics (Y = 0.9 X where Y = radioassay value). Data obtained by the sequential-binding radioassay and a competitive protein-binding radioassay kit were then compared and subjected to statistical analysis. Values obtained by the two radioassay methods were found to be comparable clinically, but significantly different statistically. The authors conclude that these commercially available radioassay kits for measuring serum folate yield reliable values that can be applied to the clinical evaluation of patients with anemia, and can be readily performed in a clinical radioisotope laboratory. PMID- 823818 TI - A simple method for processing erythrocytes for scanning electron microscopy. AB - A simple method for preparing erythrocytes for scanning electron microscopy by sequential fixation with glutaraldehyde and dehydration in a graded series of alcohols is presented. The method will allow visualization of membrane defects not seen under the light microscope and is therefore suitable for routine processing of erythrocytes for diagnosis of pathologic states. PMID- 823819 TI - Intravenous nutrition in the high risk infant. PMID- 823820 TI - Epidemiologic contributions to health services research. PMID- 823821 TI - Pharmacotherapy of asthma. AB - The pharmacological management of asthma is reviewed. Drugs discussed include: (1) sympathomimetic amines, (2) theophylline, (3) cromolyn sodium and (4) corticosteroids. Aspects of treatment discussed include: initial evaluation, therapy for acute symptoms, and chronic asthma. PMID- 823822 TI - The immune system: immunoglobulin abnormalities. PMID- 823823 TI - Intraocular irrigating solutions and lens clarity. AB - By in vitro incubation of rhesus monkey lenses at 37degreesC, we determined that solutions superior to intraocular irrigating solutions in common clinical use could be prepared by aspetically adding commerically available solutions of dextrose 5% in water and sodium bicarbonate to either Ringer's injection or Ringer's lactate solutions. While not as effective as glutathione-bicarbonate Ringer's solution (G-B-R) in maintaining lens clarity, these mixtures can be prepared easily in the operating room (in contrast to G-B-r) and may improve surgical results in procedures requiring prolonged intraocular irrigation. PMID- 823824 TI - Metering of intravenous versus oral nutrients and regulation of energy balance. AB - Unrestrained rats received continuous and discontinuous intravenous infusions of nutritive substances over long periods, and the effects on energy regulation were examined. Oral food intake was decreased by all glucidic infusions, but by less than the theoretical (caloric) value of the infused substances. A residual oral food intake thus persisted when the energy needs were supplied intravenously, and rats with the greater residual intakes gained excessive body weight. The less nutritionally balanced the infusion, the less the reduction in food intake, which suggests that some of the residual oral feeding may be due to a specific appetite for missing elements. The reduction of oral intake became equal to the calories infused when exogenous insulin was coinfused, and results from discontinuous infusions showed a similar trend. A model for the metering of nutrients at the systemic level was proposed; only when substances are metabolized is there a direct effect on feeding control mechanisms. PMID- 823825 TI - Elevation of plasma renin activity during avoidance performance in baboons. AB - The effect of a 3-h Sidman avoidance operant conditioning schedule (liver pressing to avoid an electric shock) on plasma renin activity and renin substrate concentration was examined in baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Plasma samples were drawn over a 24-h period on both the control and test days, and the avoidance session was presented on the morning of the test day. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher on the test day than at the corresponding hours of the control day at 1, 2, and 3 h after onset of the avoidance test and 30 min after its termination (P = .032). The magnitude of the increase in plasma renin activity was not correlated with either the rate of lever pressing or the number of shocks received. Renin substrate concentration was not changed during or after the avoidance session. These data demostrate that plasma renin activity can be increased by a psychological stimulus. PMID- 823826 TI - Lead and hyperactivity. Behavioral response to chelation: a pilot study. AB - Lead-chelating medication was used to treat 13 hyperkinetic school children whose blood and urine lead levels were in an elevated but "nontoxic" range. Six children with histories of etiologically relevant perinatal or developmental complications showed relatively little improvement. Seven other children with unremarkable histories, and for whom a lead etiology could thus be entertained, showed marked improvement. The authors conclude that lead may play an important role in the etiology of some cases of hyperactivity; lead-chelating agents may have a major place in the treatment of hyperactivity; and the medical workup of hyperactivity should include lead level measurements and careful consideration of other possible etiological factors. PMID- 823827 TI - Diazepam treatment of socially isolated monkeys. AB - Four rhesus monkeys were reared for the first eight months of life in total social isolation. One animal died during this period; the three remaining subjects were treated with diazepam in an isolation chamber, in their home cages, and in a playroom testing situation. Diazepam significantly decreased the self disturbance behaviors of two subjects, and there was even the appearance of some social behaviors, although they were limited and not of the same quality as in nonisolated subjects. The authors discuss the implications of the data for understanding the significance of the social isolation syndrome in monkeys as a model for human psychoses. PMID- 823829 TI - [Chorionic antigens]. PMID- 823828 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone: differential antidepressant and endocrinological effects. AB - In a double-blind study, three depressed subjects received thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on three successive days, and one subject similarly received placebo; all subjects were then given ECT. Two of the patients given TRH responded to ECT. One patient's reaction is of special significance because of her response to ECT, diminished thyroid-stimulating hormone response to TRH, increased growth hormone and prolactin response to stress, and antidepressant effect of TRH. These findings raise the possibility that previous conflicting reports about TRH's antidepressant effects stem from the combined study of endocrinologically distinct depressive subgroups and strongly suggest that there may be a specific subgroup that is responsive to TRH. PMID- 823830 TI - [The microglia of the retina]. PMID- 823831 TI - The influence of ethyl alcohol on cerebro-spinal fluid pressure. AB - The effect of ethanol on the cerebro-spinal fluid pressure of six baboons is described. A biphasic response is shown to the intravenous infusion with a mean pressure fall of 3.1 mmHg. It is suggested that both the diuretic effect and the effect of alcohol on cerebral blood flow may be factors involved in the pressure fall. PMID- 823832 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock. AB - The management of a severe case of endotoxic shock is a prolonged and strenuous exercise. The initial aim is to achieve, as soon as possible, cardiorespiratory stability and control of the septic focus, thereafter, the provision of fluid and nutrition must be adequate. Constant observation is required so that swift action can be taken if complications such as haemorrhage or renal failure develop, or if there is failure to control the septic focus. The general welfare of the patient, with particular regard to general nursing care, reduction of the risk of secondary infection and reassurance also plays an important part. Efficient treatment requires an organised plan which covers all the relevant aspects and assigns priorities to the critical areas. PMID- 823833 TI - Effect of barbiturates on synaptic currents. AB - Thiopentone and pentobarbitone reduce the time constant of decay of miniature end plate currents when applied in anaesthetic concentrations to the neuromuscular junction. Such an effect at central synapses would lead to failure of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and may reflect a common mode of action of many anaesthetic drugs. PMID- 823834 TI - Liquid chromatography of aromatic hydrocarbons on lon-exchange resins. PMID- 823835 TI - Analysis of the effect of malaria on lipid composition of rhesus plasma. PMID- 823836 TI - Nitroprusside-induced metabolic acidosis. PMID- 823837 TI - Radioimmunoassay. PMID- 823838 TI - Chemical methods of studying ribosome structure. PMID- 823839 TI - Detection of 4',5'-anhydroadenosine as the cleavage product of coenzyme B12 in functional holoenzymes. PMID- 823840 TI - Oligonucleotide synthesis on a polymeric support with avoidance of failure sequences. PMID- 823841 TI - Microbiological synthesis of (+)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2 carboxylic acid. PMID- 823842 TI - Reaction of magnesium porphyrinates in polymers containing imidazole. PMID- 823843 TI - The development and maturation of the supracrestal fibers in nonhuman primates. AB - The transseptal fibers appear to develop independently in adjacent teeth and course toward each other meeting at the midline. Correction of rotations should be accomplished if possible before the teeth are in clinical occlusion. The thickness of the band of transeptal fibers depends on the anatomy of the interproximal space. The fibers are not continuous but interlace at the midline. In disease the transseptal fibers are destroyed first at the midline and appear to reorganize at that point. A thick fiber bundle was demonstrated to run buccolingually in the interdental space which served to connect the buccal and lingual gingiva. It was independent of the dentogingival fibersfibers. Circumferential fibers which extend from the interproximal to the labial and lingual gingiva were also noted. Poor hygiene which contributes to the formation of gingivitis and in extreme cases periodontitis causes the lysing of the gingival fibers. This study does not answer the problem of why certain rotations reoccur even after surgical transsection of the fibers. Further morphologic studies in a time sequence during rotation correction and retention are needed to determine which fibers play an exact role in the rotational relapse phenomenon. PMID- 823844 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in immunological mast cell degranulation of mice: an experimental study. AB - Mast cell degranulation occurs at reproducible percentages when the specific antigen is injected into air bubbles of sensitized mice. A fourfold diminution of the degranulated mast cells was observed when 0.25 cc of a 1% solution of DSCG was injected into the bubble prior to the challenging injection. The difference is statistically significant. PMID- 823845 TI - [Application of the distal bronchial brushing technic to the bacteriological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - The tubercle bacillus was sought in samples obtained by bronchial brushing in 36 patients whose tuberculosis was demonstrated and in whom a direct examination of the sputum had given only negative results. In 5 cases, the tubercle bacillus was demonstrated only in the sample obtained by brushing, by direct examination and positive cultures in one case and in the other cases, culturutum coughed up after brushing. PMID- 823846 TI - Antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes against antigens causing farmer's lung. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay technique was used to demonstrate antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes in sera against farmer's lung antigens. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody activity in normal patients and in patients with farmer's lung were detected against Micropolyspora faeni. Only the IgG and IgA antibody activity was different in farmers and in control subjects. An asymptomatic subject could not be differentiated from symptomatic farmers by IgG antibody activity. No IgE antibody activity was detected. The radioimmunoassay technique can be used to show antibody activity against carbohydrate antigens and as a method of evaluation of antigens by inhibition analysis. Certain types of hypersensitivity lung disease can be discriminated by in vitro analysis of serum antibody of various immunoglobulin classes. This is apparent for IgE and possibly true for IgM. PMID- 823847 TI - Phage type of tubercle bacilli isolated from patients with two or more sites of organ involvement. AB - To evaluate the possibility of separate pulmonary infections in human beings by different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a search for multiple phage types within a single host was under-taken. Culture isolates from 2 or more distinct anatomic sites of infection in the same patient were obtained from 87 persons. In 3 subjects, 2 distinct phage types were found. The possible explanations for 2 types in the same patient and the epidemiologic implications are discussed. PMID- 823848 TI - The pathogenicity of spheroplasts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Guinea pigs were injected with spheroplasts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and were sacrificed after various intervals to study the state of the organisms and to evaluate the extent of disease. The spheroplasts persisted in the body of the animals for a considerable length of time. Their presence, however, was not associated with either the development of tuberculin hypersensitivity or pathologic changes. It was found that the spheroplasts were pathogenic only when reverted in the animals to bacterial forms. The reversion of the spheroplasts to bacillary state and the subsequent initiation of infection were dependent on the duration of their stay within the host. PMID- 823849 TI - An assessment of the pulmonary response to exercise in asthma and an analysis of the factors influencing it. AB - The purposes of this study were to determine (1) whether an exercise stimulus could be repeatedly applied to a group of asthmatics and normal control subjects with reproducible metabolic and ventilatory consequences; (2) the effect of this stimulus on multiple aspects of pulmonary mechanics in both groups; (3) the degree of within- and between-day variation in response and the factors influencing it; and (4) the effects of pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate. Airway resistance, specific conductance, total lung capacity and its subdivisions, and forced expiratory volumes and flow rates were measured in 21 asthmatics and 8 normal control subjects before and after treadmill exercise. Minutes ventilation, tidal volume, repiratory frequency, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions were measured during exercise and recovery. The asthmatics were studied twice datly on 2 separate days. Disodium cromoglycate was administered to the asthmatics before the fourth trial. The control subjects were studied twice on the same day without any interventions. There was no difference between exercise trials as measured by any of the gas exchange variables and there were no within-day differences in baseline pulmonary mechanics in either group. In contrast to the control group, all of the asthmatics had increasing airway obstruction after the exercise challenge. There were no between -day differences in the baseline data or response to exercise in the asthmatics except that the mechanical response was less after disodium cromoglycate, which suggests that mediator release played a part. Although as a group the stimulus and response were reproducible, when data of each trial were related to the type and degree of baseline dysfunction there was a direct relationship between pre-existing obstruction and magnitude of response. This suggests that exercise-induced asthma is not an all-or-none event, but rather a continuum of responses profoundly influenced by the pre-challenge state of the airways. PMID- 823850 TI - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. AB - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare disorder characterized by the projection of ossified formations into the trachea and bronchi. Unlike most cases, which are reported because of incidential postmortem findings, our patient presented with a slowly resolving pneumonia. The diagnosis was suspected by radiographic evaluation and bronchoscopic findings, then confirmed by histopathologic studis of a tracheal biopsy specimen. Pulmonary function studies were normal, except for flow-volume loops, which provided information for diagnosis and follow-up. PMID- 823851 TI - Dynamics of submerged growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. AB - When Mycobacterium tuberculosis is grown in detergent-containing medium under continous agitation, multiplication is known to follow a logarithmic mode. When the cultures are not continuously shaken, but only agitated a few times a week to resuspend the bacilli and permit turbidity to be measured, the net increase suggests an arithmetic growth mode. It is shown here that a single pulse of aeration of an unshaken submerged culture of M. tuberculosis causes an almost instantaneous acceleration of growth, followed rapidly by a cessation of growth. Whether or not the bacilli will subsequently resume growth depends on the bacillary population density of the cuture at the time of application of the pulse of aeration. If the bacilli are permitted to grow in the depths of Dubos Tween Albumin broth without any agitation, they exhibit net arithmetic growth and attain a maximal population density greater than is seen in cultures exposed to occasional pulses of aeration. By the use of isotopically labeled cells, it has been shown that replication occurs ar a logarithmic rate amoung the small proportion of the bacilli that remain suspended in nonagitated cultures. This replication is balanced by settling of cells, resulting in a net appearance of arithmetic multiplication. The cells that have settled into the sediment replicate at a very slow rate, if at all, but do retain their viability for 4 weeks or longer. This suggests a possible analogy to quiescent tubercle bacilli in vivo. PMID- 823852 TI - Combination vasodilator therapy for severe chronic congestive heart failure. AB - A patient with severe, chronic congestive heart failure was unresponsive not only to conventional therapy, but also to nonparenteral nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate; he became nitroprusside dependent. Oral minoxidil therapy produced a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output, with no tachycardia, hypotension, or decrease in systemic and pulmonary venous pressures. The addition of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate decreased venous pressures and produced a further increase in cardiac output. The combination of oral minoxidil and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate maintained clinical and hemodynamic improvements, and the patient could be weaned off nitroprusside. Deterioration in hemodynamics occurred with the withdrawal of minoxidil. Therapy with oral hydralazine produced hemodynamic effects comparable to those of oral minoxidil. These observations suggest that chronic reduction of impedance to left ventricular ejection with minoxidil or hydralazine is possible in patients with severe intractable heart failure and deserves further clinical trial. PMID- 823853 TI - Fatty acid deficiency. PMID- 823854 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and Recklinghausen's cutaneous neurofibromatosis. Localizing value of abdominal reflexes in a case]. AB - The authors present a case of pheochromocytoma observed in a 49 year old man suffering from the cutaneous form of von Recklinghausen's disease. In this patient, they noted the constant absence of the inferior abdominal cutaneous reflex on the right side, contrasting with the briskness of the other abdominal cutaneous relexes. From this they concluded that the chromaffin tumor was very probably situated in the right adrenal region. This hypothesis was confirmed by retro-pneumoperitoneum, selective arteriography and finally surgical intervention. After having reviewed the essential medical data from the literature concerning the conditions associated with pheochromocytoma and especially phacomatosis, and having looked at the problem of hypertension related to neurofibromatosis, they make a critical study of the behaviour of the abdominal reflexes in case of pheochromocytoma and emphasize the part that it is possible to draw from this in view of its' topographic diagnosis. The present case is the fourth in which one of the authors has noted the abolition of the inferior abdominal reflex on the side corresponding to the site of the pheochromocytoma. PMID- 823855 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with myeloid splenomegaly]. PMID- 823856 TI - [Host range of drosophila melanogaster C virus among diptera and lepidoptera (author's transl)]. AB - The host range of the C picornavirus of Drosophila melanogaster was studied, using numerous strains of Drosophila together with four other genera of diptera and two species of lepidoptera. C virus was injected into the different hosts and serially passaged in them. The extracts from each passage were biologically assayed on virus free D. melanogaster. Four different situations were found. 1) A high level of multiplication leading, in 45 strains of Drosophilidae, to the early death of the hosts. This phenomenon was particularly related to the subgroup melanogaster and in the dipteron Ceratitis capitata. The titre of the virus in this latter insect was high as in D. melanogaster, but its cellular tropism was wider. 2) An active viral multiplication but without symptoms, in two strains of D. immigrans and in the lepidopteron Galleria mellonella. In these two insects, the viral titre was clearly inferior to that observed in D. melanogaster. 3) Maintenance of the virus, without multiplication in the dipteron Calliphora erythrocephala and the lepidopteron Arctia caja. In these insects, the decrease in virus titre was directly related to the dilution factor at each passage. 4) Rapid disappearance of the virus, in the mosquitoes Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti. The host range of C virus is compared to that of Sigma virus of Drosophila and of two other picornaviruses of insects. PMID- 823857 TI - Pulmonary biochemical alterations resulting from ozone exposure. PMID- 823858 TI - [Gregarines from South Korea (author's transl)]. AB - Study of 14 species of Gregarines from terrestrial arthropods (Myriapoda and Insecta) of south Korea. Some of them (Ramicephalus ozakii, Gregarina monoducta, Hoplorhynchus ozakii, Stylocephalus bahli) are typically asiatic whereas the others were already described from identical or similar european hosts. PMID- 823859 TI - [Different types of gametocytes in mammal's Haemosporidia. Correlations with the morphology of the tissue schizonts. Hypothesis on the evolution of the group (author's transl)]. AB - The Haemosporidia of Mammals are classified in 3 groups according to the morphology of the gametocytes: 1) group "vivax" with Hepatocystis and several species of Plasmodium; 2) group "malariae" with Nycteria and a second group of Plasmodium; 3) group "falciparum" with only Plasmodium. In each group there is a correlation between the morphology of the gametocytes and that of the exo erythrocytic schizonts. Through discussing the host-range and comparing the life cycles of Haemosporidia in Birds, Reptiles and Mammals, we suggest a hypothesis of the polyphyletism of Plasmodium of Mammals. PMID- 823860 TI - [A form of cervical gigantism characterized by dolichospondylia with discontinuity of corporeal ossification (author's transl)]. PMID- 823861 TI - [Post-operative chylothorax in infants operated on for correction of a congenital cardiopathy. With reference to 3 cases cured by medical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 823862 TI - The hepatotoxicity of parenteral protein hydrolysate-containing solutions. AB - Protein hydrolysate-containing parenteral solutions have been reported to be hepatotoxic. Ten infants who were treated with a 20 percent glucose solution containing either 2.5 percent or 3.25 percent protein hydrolysate are reviewed. Their gestational ages were 30 to 40 weeks and births weights 1000 to 35000 g. Serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and bilirubin were measured serially. Serum amino acids were measured and consistently demonstrated decreased levels of isoleucine and increased aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, proline, glycine, alanine, threonine and lysine. The amino acid imbalances were associated with transaminase elevations in eight infants. Serum bilirubin levels increased in six patients and LAP in four. Liver biopsies from three patients showed minimal to moderate hepatic parenchymal disease with cholestasis. PMID- 823863 TI - Observations on lysogeny in glutamic acid bacteria. AB - Induced lysis occurred in a number of different strains of glutamic acid bacteria. Mixed culture experiments indicated that induced cultures produce phages or bacteriocins. Temperate phages were isolated from two related strains of Brevibacterium divaricatum. PMID- 823864 TI - Effect of ultrasonic waves on the heat resistance of Bacillus spores. AB - The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the heat resistance of Bacillus spores differs widely both with the species and the strain tested. Ultrasonic waves do not affect the heat resistance of some strains, whereas they greatly reduce that of other strains of the same species. The heat-sensitizing effect of ultrasonic waves is more pronounced when short heating periods are used. Ultrasonic treatment does not seem to affect the "Z value". PMID- 823865 TI - Colonization of rye green manure and peanut fruit debris by Aspergillus falvus and Aspergillus niger group in field soils. AB - Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger group colonization of deep-plowed, decomposing rye green manure cover crops in peanut field soils was studied in four fields during 1972 and 1973; colonization of decomposing peanut fruits was studied in 1972 in two fields. A. flavus colonization of rye and peanut fruits was greater in soils of heavy texture, and an A. flavus population as high as 165 propagules per g of soil was observed in soil adjacent to rye, whereas A. flavus populations in soils not associated with rye were 18 propagules per g of soil or lower. Highest A. flavus populations in soil adjacent to decomposing peanut fruits were usually comparable to populations associated with rye. Little decomposing rye or peanut fruit colonization was generally observed by the A. flavus competitor, A. niger group. A. flavus may maintain or increase its inoculum potential by colonization of these and other moribund plant tissues. PMID- 823866 TI - Plasmids in Streptococcus lactis: evidence that lactose metabolism and proteinase activity are plasmid linked. AB - Populations of lactose positive (Lac+) and proteinase positive (Prt+) cells from Streptococcus lactis M18, C10, and ML3 grown at 39 degrees C gave rise to increasing proportions of Lac- Prt- clones. The deficiencies did not appear until after a number of generations at the elevated temperature, and the rate depended on the strain.Lac- Prt+ and Lac+ Prt- mutants were isolated after treatment with ethidium bromide. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated by cesium chloride ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradient centrifugation from the parent cultures as well as from their Lac- Prt-, Lac- Prt+, and Lac+ Prt- mutants. Five distinct plasmid sizes of approximate molecular weights of 2,4, 8, 21, and 27 million were found in S. lactis C10, whereas the Lac- Prt- derivative lacked the 8- and 21-million-dalton plasmids, but the 8-million-dalton plasmid was present in the Lac-Att mutant. In S. lactis m18 five plasmids possessing molecular weights of about 2, 4, 10, 18 and 27 million were observed. The 10- and 18 million-dalton plasmids were not detected in the Lac- Prt- mutants, whereas the Lac- Prt+ derivative lacked only the 18-million-dalton plasmid and the Lac+ Prt- mutant lacked only the 10-million-dalton plasmid. In S. lactis ML3 five distinct plasmids, with approximate molecular weights of 2, 4, 8, 22, and 30 million, were present. The 8- and 22-million-dalton plasmids were not detected in the Lac- Prt- derivative, but the 8-million-dalton plasmid was present in the Lac- Prt+ mutant. The evidence suggests that lactose-fermenting ability and proteinase activity in these organisms are mediated through two distinct plasmids having molecular weights of 8 x 10(6) to 10 x 10(6) for proteinase activity and 18 x 10(6) to 22 x 10(6) for lactose metabolism. PMID- 823867 TI - Transductional evidence for plasmid linkage of lactose metabolism in streptococcus lactis C2. AB - A lactose-negative (Lac-), proteinase-negative (Prt-) mutant, designated C145 was isolated from Streptococcus lactis C2 after treatment with nitrosoguanidine and ultraviolet irradiation. The mutant appeared to be cured of the prophage(s) present in S. lactis C2 based on non-inducibility by ultraviolet irradiation or mitomycin C. When cleared lysate material from C145 was subjected, to cesium chloride-ethidum bromide (EB) density gradient centrifugation, no plasmid peak was observed, suggesting that C145 was cured of plasmid deoxyribonucleic and (DNA). A histogram showing distribution of contour lengths of circular molecules of DNA from C145, however, revealed the presence of a greatly diminished number of DNA molecules as compared with the parent culture and indicated the absence of the 30 x 10(6) plasmid. Cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradient profiles from Lac+, Prt- and Lac+ Prt+ transductants of C145 revealed no plasmid peak, but electron microscopy of the fractions normally possessing the satellite band of DNA showed the presence of a new plasmid species having a molecular weight from 20 x 10(6) to 22 x 10(6). This plasmid was lost when the transductants became Lac . Examination of a plasmid histogram from a spontaneous Lac- Prt- mutants of S. lactis C2 resembled that of C145, with the absence of the 30 x 10(6) plasmid and the presence of the 22 x 10(6) plasmid in Lac+ Prt+ transductants. The results suggest that lactose metabolism is mediated through the 30 x 10(6) plasmid in S. lactis C2 and that the transducing bacteriophage, which is too small to accommodate the entire plasmid, is transferring about two-thirds of the original plasmid through a process termed transductional shortening. PMID- 823868 TI - Aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin contamination of pistachio nuts in orchards. AB - Aspergillus flavus and A. versicolor were both shown to be weak pathogens of developing pistachio fruits, producing aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin, respectively. Aflatoxin concentrations approached those reported in cereal and legume seeds. Fungus lesions on the first hulls were followed by invasion of seeds despite the sclerified shell. Infections and mycotoxins present before harvest would presumably lead to further build-up after harvest if drying was slow or storage was under high humidity. PMID- 823869 TI - Effects of thermoradiation on bacteria. AB - A 60Co source was used to determine the effects of thermoradiation on Achromobacter aquamarinus, Staphylococcus aureus, and vegetative and spore cells of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii. The rate of inactivation of these cultures, except vegetative-cell populations of B. subtilis, was exponential and in direct proportion to temperature. The D10 (dose that inactivates 90% of the microbial population) value for A. aquamarinus was 8.0 Krad at 25 degrees C and 4.9 Krad at 35 degrees C. For S. aureus, D10 was 9.8 and 5.3 Krad at 35 and 45 degrees C, respectively. Vegetative cells of B. subtilis demonstrated a rapid initial inactivation followed by a steady but decreased exponential rate. The D10 at 25 degrees C was 10.3 Krad, but at 35 and 45 degrees C this value was 6.2 and 3.8 Krad, respectively. Between 0 and 95 Krad, survival curves for B. subtilis spores at 75 degrees C showed slight inactivation, increasing in rat at and above 85 degrees C. The D10 values for spores at 85 and 90 degrees C were 129 and 92 Krad, respectively. Significant synergism between heat and irradiation was noted at 35 degrees C for A. aquamarinus and 45 degrees C for S. aureus. The presence of 0.1 mM cysteine in suspending media afforded protection to both cultures at these critical temperatures. On the other hand, cysteine sensitized B. subtilis spores at radiation doses greater than 100 Krad. The combined effect of heat and irradiation was more destructive to bacteria than either method alone. PMID- 823870 TI - Heat-induced requirements for sucrose or magnesium for expression of heat resistance in Bacillus cereus forespores. AB - The addition of 0.6 M sucrose of 0.016 M Mg2+ to the enumeration medium was required for early expression of heat resistance (10 min at 70 degrees C) in stage V Bacillus cereus forspores. The addition of Mg2+ to the sporulation medium did not remove this requirment for sucrose of Mg2+. The heat damage did not affect forespore germination or outgrowth, but injured cells in the absence of sucrose or Mg2+ were not capable of cell division. The heat-induced sublethal damage apparently affected the forspore component(s) that could be repaired or was capable of normal function in the presence of added Mg2+ or sucrose. PMID- 823871 TI - S-Adenosylmethionine and tetrahydrofolate-dependent methylation of tRNA in Bacillus subtilis. Incomplete methylations caused by trimethoprim, pactamycin, or chloramphenicol. PMID- 823872 TI - Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: purification by affinity chromatography and physicochemical properties. PMID- 823873 TI - Modulation of branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase activity in rat liver mitochondria by hypophysectomy. PMID- 823874 TI - Immunochemical studies on methyl alpha-and methyl beta-glucosaminide-azoprotein conjugates. PMID- 823875 TI - Combinations of antimicrobial agents. III. The in vitro sensitivity of 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 12 strains of proteus species ot sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole), polymyxins and combinations of co-trimoxazole and polymyxins. AB - The sensitivity of 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of 12 strains of Proteus species to co-trimoxazole, polymyxins and combinations of co-trimoxazole and polymyxins was determined by disc and tray methods. It was found that all strains were sensitive to the combinations of co-trimoxazole and polymyxins. The disc study of the strains of Ps. aeruginosa revealed a typical image with many strains. The tray study gave a typical image with two strains of Proteus species. The two images are briefly discussed. The synergistic action of co-trimoxazole and polymyxins may well offer therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 823877 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different immunological technics for detection of HBsAg]. AB - 260 sera from healthy subjects and patients with various diseases (140 subjects with viral hepatitis during the acute stage, 30 with extra-hepatic diseases, 90 blood donors) were tested for HBsAg by the following methods: immunodiffusion according to Ouchterlony, counter-immunelectrophoresis, complement fixation test, passive hemagglutination test, radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassay proved to be the more sensitive method. However, the passive hemagglutination test for its simplicity and sensibility, represents the method of choice for screening large population. PMID- 823878 TI - [Hemagglutinating activity of Candida albicans culture extracts]. AB - 3M KC1 extracts of Candida albicans cultures display a haemoagglutinating activity on human and sheep red blood cells. The haemoagglutinins, may be lectins in nature, behave like antigens being fully inhibited by anti-Candida immune serum. The latter lyses human red blood cells sensitized with 3M KC1 Candida albicans extracts. Human and animal red blood cells react against Candida albicans hypertonic salt solution extracts, in double diffusion agar tests, and give one or more precipitation lines. The interpretation of the results is discussed. PMID- 823876 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase activity from human rheumatoid synovial microsomes. Effect of 'aspirin-like' drug therapy. AB - Using a radiometric technique, prostaglandin synthetase activity was measured in vitro in the microsomal fraction of 19 synovial tissues taken from 17 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The enzyme was inhibited in vitro by low concentrations of several 'aspirin-like' drugs, though paracetamol and salicylic acid were virtually inactive. While the synthetase preparations from patients receiving indomethacin, ibuprofen, or naproxen therapy exhibited considerable activity in vitro, we were unable to show any activity in preparations from patients taking aspirin, even in low doses. These findings suggest that in vivo aspirin may be unique in being an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme, compared with other 'aspirin-like' drugs. PMID- 823879 TI - The preparation of malaria haemagglutination antigen. AB - Methods of preparing malaria antigen were compared. In one experiment a Ficoll density gradient was used to obtain a purified suspension of Plasmodium knowlesi schizonts from which antigen was prepared. Evaluation of methods such as freeze thawing and the use of the French press following saponin lysis of schizonts demonstrated that a single freeze-thaw was the best method for obtaining the most antigen. A second experiment was done comparing the antigen prepared from schizont infected erythrocytes separated on a Ficoll density gradient with antigen prepared without separation of schizont infected erythrocytes on a Ficoll gradient. Saponin treatment of erythrocytes without the use of a Ficoll gradient followed by either freeze-thawing or the French press appeared to be the method of choice in preparing malaria IHA antigen. PMID- 823880 TI - The metabolism of oxamniquine - a new schistosomicide. AB - The metabolism of oxamniquine, 6-hydroxymethyl-7-nitro-2-isopropylaminomethyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, has been studied in the mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, rhesus monkey, dog and man. Urinary excretion is a major route of elimination in man. The compound is converted to two metabolites, the major one arising from oxidation of the 6-hydroxymethyl group to a carboxyl group and the other by oxidation of the side chain to give the 2-carboxylic acid. There is a species at the dose levels used since both acidic metabolites were found in appreciable quantities only in the urine of mouse, rabbit, hamster and dog. The 2-carboxylic acid was not found in the urine of rhesus monkey and rat and occurred in only trace amounts in human urine. PMID- 823881 TI - Permanent extracorporeal esophagogastric tube for esophageal replacement. AB - Six patients are presented in whom an extracorporeal esophagogastric tube bypass was employed in lieu of standard methods of esophageal reconstruction. These tubes, obtained from Japan, have functioned well in 4 of the 6 patients. This approach offers an alternative to gastrostomy feedings alone in a patient with advanced esophageal disease in whom no other method of surgical reconstruction can be offered. PMID- 823882 TI - Infective endocarditis following human-to-human enterococcal transmission: a complication of intravenous narcotic abuse. AB - Two heroin addicts, husband and wife, who shared injection paraphernalia extensively, developed enterococcal endocarditis within six weeks of one another. The etiologic organisms were of the same subspecies and had identical antibiotic susceptibilities and biochemical profiles. The clinical, epidemiologic, and bacteriologic data strongly suggest human-to-human transmission of the pathogen. PMID- 823883 TI - [Significance of pharmacodynamics tests in the study of sinus node function]. AB - The evaluation of sinus function in man rests upon atrial stimulation techniques (rapid atrial stimulation, premature atrial stimulation); in a certain number of cases the results are inconclusive. There are various pharmaco-dynamic tests which can be used in such cases, the aim being to stimulate or depress the function of the sinus, or alternatively to modify the action of the extrinsic nerve supply. A study was carried out of sinus function in a series of 120 patients; pharmaco-dynamic tests were carried out using atropine in 43 cases, glucagon in 9 cases, isoproterinol in 9 cases, ajmaline in 9 cases, and piprofurol in 10 cases. The authors conclude from this study that it is worth adding the atropine test (which suppresses vagal tone), the glucagon test (which causes direct and limited stimulation of the sinus) and a test with an agent with a depressant action on the sinus coupled with a sympathetic-blocking action (such as piprofurol) to the conventional atrial stimulation tests. PMID- 823884 TI - [Approach to the prognosis of myocardial infarct from the initial hemodynamic examination]. AB - Hemodynamic investigations (right and left heart catheterization, cardiac output measurement) were performed in 132 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Retrospective study of the first 100 patients allowed determination of prognostic indices. A new statistical method is proposed which was used prospectively in the 32 following patients and resulted in an error of prediction of about 3 per cent. The establishment of prognosis from hemodynamic data is a necessary condition prior to new therapeutic approaches of cardiac failure in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 823885 TI - [Diagnostic significance of atrial stimulation in coronary insufficiency. Correlation with the exercise test and/or coronary angiography]. AB - 140 patients underwent atrial stimulation and a triangular exercise test on the bicycle ergometer; coronary arteriography was carried out on 80 of them. Atrial stimulation is slightly more sensitive (74% compared with 68%) and significantly less specific (57% compared with 74%) than bicycle ergometry. It is valuable to combine the two tests as at least one of them is positive in 84% of subjects with a significant coronary lesion (larger than or equal 70%). "False positive" responses during the stimulation test occur especially where the ECG at rest shows evidence of the non-specific repolarisation disorders of coronary insufficiency; but these "false positives" are accompanied by angina during the test significantly less frequently than the true positives. It may be possible, on the basis of the accounts in the literature and on the present analysis, to establish a methodology for the atrial stimulation test which will increase its sensitivity slightly, but which will also increase, more importantly, its specificity. It may also be possible to reach, by progressive 2-minute steps, a rate which is slightly greater than the maximum rate according to Astrand's law, and to take less account of ST depression as a positive criterioe, and more of the appearance of pain; the fact that this pain is angina could be confirmed by a dual test using placebo and trinitrin. PMID- 823886 TI - [Ischemic lesions of the left branch of the bundle of His. Their relation of left hemiblock]. AB - The term "hemiblock of the left branch of the bundle of His" seems to a histologist to be too precise to be accepted without reservation. Ten cases with septal infarction, with or without left intraventricular conduction problems, were studied by serial sectioning of the heart; these are used as a basis for a discussion of the concepts of electrocardiography, and its implications in the prognosis of patients with myocardial necrosis. PMID- 823887 TI - [Coronary insufficiency in pheochromocytoma]. AB - The authors report the case of a 42 year old female with a phaeochromocytoma who, in the course of a hypertensive episode, had ECG changes typical of a myocardial infarction. These changes regressed within a few days. A normal coronary arteriogram confirmed the purely functional nature of this episode of acute myocardial ischaemia. In addition to the case report, the authors discuss the physio-pathological and electrocardiographic features of the coronary insufficiency of phaeochromocytoma, and also the problem of the rapide regression of the changes of infarction on the ECG. PMID- 823888 TI - [Correlation between the angiographic appearance and the left intraventricular gradient in obstructive myocardiopathy. Apropos of 42 cases]. AB - 42 patients who were given the diagnosis of obstructive cardiomyopathy (OCM) on the basis of a basal left intraventricular systolic gradient equal to or in excess of 20 mmHg were divided into two groups, according to the angiocardiographic appearances (in the right anterior oblique projection) of the left ventricular cavity during systole. In 20 cases the appearances were those of a typical obstructive cardiomyopathy. In the other 22, despite the presence of a fairly large left intraventricular gradient, the appearances on angiocardiography were closest to those described for the non-obstructive cardiomyopathies with diffuse myocardial hypertrophy. These two groups were compared in the quest for a difference between the clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic, phonomechanographic, and haemodynamic picture on the one hand, and the appearances at angiography on the other. These two groups can only be separated by the mean value of the left intraventricular systolic gradient established under basal conditions; this is greater when the angiographic picture is less characteristic. However, the value of this gradient is shown by the positive correlation between the figure for the gradient and that for the left ventricular ejection time, as determined from external phonomecanographic measurements and from the catheter on the left side. This determination confirms the existance of obstruction to the outflow and the diagnosis of obstructive cardiomyopathy, even when the angiographic appearances are not typical. PMID- 823889 TI - [Familial forms of the mid-end systolic click and murmur syndrome with deviations of left ventricular kinetics]. AB - The aetiology and pathogenesis of the "mid/end-diastolic click and murmur" syndrome, with prolapse of the mitral valves, is obscure in most cases. However, the fact that some cases have had a familial distribution is evidence in favour of a dysgenetic origin. Seven new cases of this type are reported. The authors suggest in this paper that the incidence of the familial form of the syndrome is greater than the literature seems to suggest, and that the syndrome is likely to be due to a malformation. They also emphasise the important part which echocardiography plays in its diagnosis and investigation. Finally, the finding on cine-angiocardiography of specific abnormalities of left ventricular function similar to those found in other studies is indicative of a primary myocardial disorder, associated with subsequent structural alterations of the valvular mechanism. PMID- 823890 TI - [Aortopulmonary fistula with interventricular defect and pulmonary valve stenosis in a 15-year-old girl. Surgical correction]. AB - A young girl of 15 with an aorto-pulmonary fistula was treated surgically, with a successful outcome. The clinical diagnosis could only be established at right sided catheterisation, and especially at retrograde per-arterial aortography. The small size of the fistula explains the low level of the pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the way in which the condition was well-tolerated for some time. The association of this lesion with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis is extremely rare. PMID- 823891 TI - [Coronary artery aneurysm in myocardial infarct complicated by ventricular aneurysm]. AB - A case of coronary artery aneurysm in the anterior descending artery of a young female is reported. It was complicated by myocardial infarction and ventricular aneurysm. The aetiology was probably bacterial. Surgical removal was undertaken because the ventricular aneurysm was so poorly tolerated. PMID- 823892 TI - [Present-day cardiology]. PMID- 823893 TI - [Long-term results of aortic valve replacement with a prosthesis]. AB - A long term evaluation of prosthetic replacement of the aortic valve by various types of prosthesis has been carried out; 530 patients from various centres of cardiology were studied. The average annual mortality after the first two postoperative years was about 2.5% and half of the patients undergoing surgery were still alive after 10 years. The functional improvement is usually marked and is generally to be expected, although with an increased risk, even in patients who underwent surgery at stage IV of the NYHA classification. In this study, the prostheses which were associated with the best long term results were the Starr Edwards 1260, the Smeloff-Cutter, and the Bjork. The commonest complications after the first month were dehiscence of the prosthesis (11.8%), thromboembolic episodes (11.2%), coronary complicatons (11.1%) and cardiac failure (7.1%). The most serious is infection of the prosthesis, which is almost invariably fatal. Deterioration in the substance of the prosthesis has become very rare, but there must be reservations in this respect with the SE2400, which has still not been in use long enough. Revision operations were carried out on 7.6% of the survivors at one month, with a mortality of 18.4%. Sudden death remains a constant threat. A study of the actuarial survival graphs for operated and non-operated cases shows that surgery should be advised in all poorly tolerated valve defects, and even for an uncomplicated tight aortic stenosis. Bearing in mind the progressive lowering of operative mortality, surgical treatment is also justified in cases with marked or gross aortic incompetence which is well tolerated if flow-up studies show a progressive increase in cardiac volume. PMID- 823894 TI - [Timing of surgery in the treatment of aortic insufficiency caused by bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 823895 TI - [Aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic insuffiency]. AB - Basing themselves on 24 cases of aneurysm of the ascending aorta with gross aortic incompetence, the authors give an account of their personal experience of this condition. They emphasise: -- the problems of aetiology posed by this annular dilation of the aorta with its associated elastic tissue dystrophy which is seldom apparent except at histological examination of the aortic wall at percuaneous biopsy; --the operative problems which confront the surgeon, especially because the orifices of the coronary vessels are in the very centre of the aneurysm. The detail their modest surgical experience, and emphasise the advantages of using Bentall's operation systematically; it seems that this is likely to be the operation of choice in the future. PMID- 823897 TI - [Long-term fate of mitral valve prostheses]. AB - The long term fate of mitral valve replacements (over 2 years) has been studied by the collection of information from many French cardiology centres. The Starr valve with a plastic ball-valve is by far the most commonly used prosthesis. The late complications are dominated by thrombo-embolic sequelae. The functional result seems to be proportionally better the earlier the stage at which the operation is carried out. PMID- 823896 TI - [Phonomechanograms of patients with the Bjork aortic valve prosthesis]. AB - A survey, with consecutive phonocardiograms, of the function of 75 Bjork aortic valve prostheses has enabled us to examine the basic components of the opening and closure sounds of this type of replacement; these are usually made up of multiple components in varying combinations. This diversity underlies the importance of an early postoperative recording to act as a baseline. In addition, 2 cases of malfunction presented with only the classical phonocardiographic changes. PMID- 823898 TI - [Remote results of mitral valve replacement]. PMID- 823899 TI - [Indications for mitral prosthesis]. PMID- 823900 TI - [Valve prostheses in children]. AB - The results of 20 medico-surgical teams were combined to give a total of 93 patients aged less than 14 years, with a total of 94 replacement valves. The intra-operative and subsequent mortality rate, the complications and the results have been analysed. The best results are found amongst the severe rheumatic valve disorders in older children, while the worst are amongst the valvular malformations in the infant. PMID- 823902 TI - [Valve replacement in children]. PMID- 823901 TI - [Valve prostheses in children]. PMID- 823903 TI - [Prosthetic valve replacement in children]. PMID- 823905 TI - [Intermediate and long-term results of multivalve prostheses]. AB - Over a period of observation of 4 years maximum, there is no significant difference between the estimated survival time (by actuarial calculation) for patients with single and for those with double prostheses. Wihin the year following operation there is not significant difference between single and double prostheses as regards: the incidence of bacterial endocarditis, of pyrexias of unknown origin, of hepatitis, of haemolytic anaemia, of bleeding complications or incidents, of coronary of peripheral ischaemic episodes, or of reduced cardiac volume. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in the incidence of neurological defects (21% for the double prosthesis group, and 5% for the single prosthesis group, p less than 0.005 and or right ventricular failure (18% and 7% respectively, p less than 0.05) in the two groups. PMID- 823904 TI - [Results of a hemodynamic study of valve diseases surgically treated with prosthesis]. AB - The haemodynamic status after valve replacement surgery and the preoperative haemodynamic parameters have been studied for their predictive value in a series of 217 patients who have had aortic, mitral or mitro-aortic valve replacements; all cases had a preoperative catheterisation, and 132 had a postoperative catheterisation at an average of 15 months postoperative. The following conclusions have been drawn from the study: 1. The operation (which consisted of replacement with a Starr valve with Silastein ball-valve in 8 cases out of 10) resulted in a substantial, and statistically significant, improvement in the minor circulation pressures and in the cardiac index. The ejection fraction also increases in most cases. 2. The increase in the cardiac index is significantly greater in aortic stenosis than in aortic incompetence, and in the aortic group than in the mitral group. 3. Improvement is early, and occurs within the first few weeks, in the aortic group; it occurs more gradually in the mitral group, in whom serial catheterisations show a gradual decrease in the pulmonary arterial and capillary pressure and an increase in the cardiac index which may be progressive until the second postoperative year. 4. Analysis of the mean values of the various parameters as a function of the clinical findings, and of the incidence of failures and early or late deaths from haemodynamic changes, has failed to show that the preoperative haemodynamic picture has a statistically significant predictive value. PMID- 823906 TI - [Stability of remote results of patients operated on for multivalve diseases]. PMID- 823907 TI - [Tricuspid insufficiency after surgical correction of mitral and mitro-aortic valve diseases]. PMID- 823908 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of valvulitis associated with valve replacement. Its impact on late results]. PMID- 823909 TI - [Inidications for multivalve prostheses]. AB - The authors consider that the indications for surgery should take into account three unknowns: the natural history of the valvulopathies, our incomplete state of knowledge about the outcome in operated cases, and surgical progress, which may transform the whole subject in a short time. They emphasize the seriousness of the disorders in which mitral incompetence is associated with aortic stenosis and/or incompetence; such cases justify earlier surgery. By contrast, some cases of aortic incompetence, when associated with a predominant mitral valve lesion, may not constitute an indication for valve replacement. Tricuspid annuloplasty is a noteworthy advance which provides a simple answer to some of the problems. PMID- 823910 TI - [Treatment of multivalve lesions. Indications; results]. PMID- 823912 TI - [Place of conservative surgery in acquired valve diseases]. AB - There is still a place for conservative surgery in valvular disease of the heart to the extent that artificial prostheses have not yet been perfected sufficiently for them to be regarded as the method of choice. While these conservative operations are rarely applicable to the aortic valve, techniques such as Carpentier's ring occupy an important place in the treatment armamentarium for disorders of the mitral valve, and even more so of the tricuspid valve. PMID- 823911 TI - [Reintervention after valve replacement surgery. Study of 358 cases]. AB - There is still a place for conservative surgery in valvular disease of the heart to the extent that artificial prostheses have not yet been perfected sufficiently for them to be regarded as the method of choice. While these conservative operations are rarely applicable to the aortic valve, techniques such as Carpentier's ring occupy an important place in the treatment armamentarium for disorders of the mitral valve, and even more so of the tricuspid valve. PMID- 823913 TI - [Valve protheses and anti-vitamin K. Biological study in patients given weak and strong doses of anticoagulants]. AB - 57 patients with Bjork aortic valves had an in-depth study of their coagulation carried out. It seems that the well-anticoagulated group (39 patients) had more marked haemolysis, had a higher mean level of fibrinogen and PDF, but less biological signs of activation of fibrinolysis than the group who were non- or mildly-anticoagulated (18 patients). The increased platelet aggregation, which is often noted, was correlated with the signs of haemolysis, or of activation of the breakdown of fibrinogen. Apart from the problem of haemolysis, anticoagulant treatment appears biologically to be a moderating factor in the activation of the breakdown of fibrinogen and, by this means, of the utilisation of clotting factors. PMID- 823914 TI - [Evaluation of hemolysis in 308 patients with valve prostheses. Practical value and causes of errors]. AB - A study of haemolysis in 308 patients with prosthetic valves, making up a total of 364 prostheses, showed that the most practical test for screening patients is the level of the LDH 1 isoenzyme alpha-HBDH. After analysis of the lowest levels for each type of prosthesis currently in use, an acceptable average level for each is proposed. If the level of LDH 1 exceeds the limits of confidence, a complication must be excluded; this may be silent, and the most important is a dehiscence but a thrombosis or a deep haematoma must also be excluded. A periodic check on the enzyme levels should form part of the routine follow-up of these patients. PMID- 823915 TI - [Angiocardiographic study of obstructive cardiomyopathies. Attempt to evaluate the role of the interventricular septum and the great mitral valve in the obstructive phenomenon]. AB - Images of the left ventricles, taken in two planes at ventriculography in 45 established cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy, were subjected to a special type of analysis which allowed certain sectional and angular measurements to be made. In particular we calculated and end-systolic index of obstruction, and two measures of the contribution of the septum and the mitral valve to the subaortic obstruction. It then proved possible to study the part played in the stenosis by the interventricular septum and the mitral valve respectively, and to classify the obstructive cardiomyopathies by these criteria. The orientation of the sigmoid floor also seems to play a vital role in determining the dominance of the septum or the mitral valve. These three factors, when examined together, allow us to conclude that there are fixed factors which determine the existance of obstructive cardiomyopathy, to calculate the degree of mitral contribution to the obstruction, and to realise that the orientation of the sigmoid floor helps us to distinguish the type of obstruction. The combination leads to an angiocardiographic classification of the obstructive cardiomyopathies, and the prognostic and surgical significance of this classification are discussed. PMID- 823916 TI - [Surgical treatment 0f 52 obstructive cardiomyopathies. 11-year experience (1964 75)]. AB - The authors present their 11 year experience of treating severe cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy which were resistant to medical treatment. They consider that myotomy is the simplest procedure (it is always effective) in this mysterious disorder for which it must be admitted that there is no treatment that is entirely satisfactory. PMID- 823917 TI - [Treatment of obstructive cardiomyopathy using myotomy in a 67-year-old patient. Pharmacological and angiographical studies]. AB - The case is reported of a 67 year old man with obstructive cardiomyopathy treated by an extended myotomy. Serial phonomechanographic tracings and the pre- and post operative angiograms show the steady progress of the disease towards a major disturbance of left ventricular compliance which became resistant to propranolol, and was partially reversed by myotomy. PMID- 823918 TI - [Long term results of surgical treatment of obstructive myocardiopathy by intervention on the interventricular septum]. AB - An analysis of the results of septal myotomy or myectomy in 26 adults with obstructive cardiomyopathy (OCM) with a mean follow-up period of more than 5 years lead to the conclusion that this treatment brings about, at the price of a mortality rate of about 10%, a sustained improvement in function, a reliable correction of the left ventricular gradient, and an improved long term survival rate by comparison with the rate among patients treated medically. PMID- 823919 TI - [Diastolic compliance and indices of contractibility in aortic insufficiency]. AB - A cine-angiographic study was carried out in eleven patients with major aortic incompetence, in two of whom there was an associated aortic stenosis. The ventricular end-diastolic volume is always greatly increased, disproportionately to the modest increase in end-diastolic pressure. The pressure-volume relationship during filling is therefore altered, and makes it possible for a normal end-diastolic compliance (dV/dP) TD to be preserved. The indices of contractility are markedly altered, despite the recent appearance of signs of poor tolerance. These findings argue in favour of a full haemodynamic investigation and of early corrective surgery. PMID- 823920 TI - [Unilateral auricular paralysis and dissociated ectopic auricular rhythm. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors report four cases of right atrial palsy associated with tachycardia and/or slow atrial rhythm from the left auricle in elderly subjects with a past history of cardiac failure with atrial fibrillation for about ten years; they were digitalised and had cardiac failure, and in addition there was one perisinus block and one paroxysmal or persistant complete block situated above the bundle of His and probably above the AV node itself, secondary to the condition of atrial palsy. This probably represents an intermediate stage between chronic atrial fibrillation and atrial palsy in an elderly subject. These cases require careful intracavitary investigation, and often treatment by pacemaker and digitalis. PMID- 823921 TI - [Cardiac myxoma. Ultrastructural study of 2 cases]. AB - From amongst a series of eight cardiac myxomas, two were studied by electron microscopy, which enabled us to identify, amongst varous cell types, two main ones. One of these was a secretory cell with Golgi apparatus and secretory vacuoles, and the other was of the expected type, with microfilaments showing signs of progressive differentiation towards either muscle or epithelial structure. A morphological picture of this sort tends to lend support to the concept of a dysgenetic origin for these tumours, arising from pluripotent embryonic cells sequestrated in the region of the fossa ovalis. PMID- 823922 TI - [Electrophysiologic basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of amiodarone in man]. AB - The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of an intra-atrial injection of 5 mg/kg of amiodarone on the heart rate, the A-V conducting pathways, and the right atrium and ventricle of 23 patients. By recording the potentials in the bundle of His, it was possible to measure the nodal A-V conduction time (A-H interval) and the conduction time below the bundle of His (H-V interval) during atrial pacemaking. The refractory periods were calculated by the stimulus-test method. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Student's test. They may be summarised as follows: - slowing of the sinus rhythm; - depressed conduction in the A-V node, but without any effect on the speed of conduction infranodally; an increase in the atrial effective refractory period; - persistant lengthening of both the effective and the functional refractory periods of the A-V node; - an increase in the relative refractory period in the His-Purkinje system, and in the effective refractory period of the ventricle. These findings throw light on the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic action of amiodarone in man. PMID- 823923 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone in Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - Eight patients with WPW syndrome were catheterised and, during the course of this investigation, the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone were assessed. By registering the potentials of the bundle of His and by using the stimulus-test technique, we were able to measure the refractory periods of the atrium and of the normal and accessory conducting pathways both before and during the first 40 minutes after an intra-atrial injection of 5 mg/kg of amiodarone chlorhydrate. The action of the conduction time was also studied. In the five cases in which we were able to measure it, the effective refractory period of the abnormal pathway increased, which led in two instances to the temporary suppression of all pre excitation. At the same time, it was repeatedly found that the refractory periods of the A-V node were increased: the effective refractory period in 3/3 cases, and the functional refractory period in 2/2 cases. The effective refractory period of the right atrium was increased in 5 cases, and did not change in the others. The intranodal conduction time (A-H- interval) was always increased after amiodarone. Finally, in three patients runs of reciprocal tachycardia could be initiated by premature atrial stimulation. In one case, this was no longer possible after amiodarone. In the other two cases, although the attacks could still be brought on, they were slower because of the lengthening of the A-H interval. These findings explain why amiodarone is effective in controlling the tachycardia of WPW syndrome. PMID- 823924 TI - [Comparative diagnostic value of the isoproterenol test and the exercise test in detection of coronary insufficiency]. AB - It appears that a constant-speed infusion of isoproterinol is as reliable and sensitive a method of detecting coronary insufficiency as the exercise test. It is indicated when: - the exercise test is impossible or not submaximal; - there is disagreement between the clinical findings, which are suggestive, and ergometry, which is negative; - there is pure angina of effort arising spontaneously. PMID- 823925 TI - Induction of bovine leukemia C-type oncornaviruses. AB - The data are presented concerning the induction of bovine leukemia with purified and concentrated C-type oncornaviruses isolated from cattle of Latvian Brown breed with persistent lympholeukemia. The calves induced with C-type oncornaviruses were found to have early signs of persistent lympholeukemia. Pathohistological changes suggesting persistent lympholeukemia were observed to precede early clinical and hematological signs of the disease. C-type oncornaviruses were reisolated from blood plasma of calves with experimentally induced lympholeukemia. PMID- 823926 TI - [Neutron therapy in the G.D.R. VII. radiation physical fundamentals of neutron therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In this report the physical and technical bases for the realization of neutron therapy in the GDR are summarized. As neutron source a thick beryllium target which is bombarded by 13.5 MeV deuterons from the Rossendorf cyclotron is used. Dose components are measured by paired homogeneous spherical ionization chambers of polythene and graphite. The arrangement of the whole irradiation plant is resumed. PMID- 823927 TI - Synergistic effects on DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of mitogens and dental plaque sonicates in man and macaque monkeys. PMID- 823928 TI - The dynamics of mastication in pigs. PMID- 823929 TI - Production of mannitol by Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 823930 TI - Orbital neurofibromatosis: involvement of the orbital floor. AB - Neurofibromatosis has been reported to involve the eye and orbit by causing irregularities of the sphenoid and other facial bones and enlargement of the foramina. To our knowledge, abnormalities of the orbital floor, however, have not been attributed to this disease in the literature until now. Two patients with neurofibromatosis had orbital floor involvement. Multiple neurofibromas eroding the orbital floor threatened vision in one patient. The other case, seen after trauma, had a condition simulating that of a blow-out fracture. Diagnostic workup with adequate roentgenography, especially tomography, helped to establish the diagnosis. We believe this is of importance in modifying the surgical approach, obviating the need for surgical intervention at times. PMID- 823932 TI - The use of supplementary tests in the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. AB - Comparative tests were carried out on serum samples using the Rose Bengal test (RBT), the complement fixation test (CFT), the antibovine globulin test (ABGT) by tube, plate and rapid variants, the mercaptoethanol test (MET) and the dithiothreitol test (DTT). Forty cows, from which Br. abortus had been recovered, gave strong reactions in all tests except for 2 cows in the SAT and 3 cows in the DTT Another group of 405 cows had not yielded Br. abortus on limited bacteriological examination. There was good correlation between the results of the CFT, RBT, tube ABGT, rapid ABGT and, to a lesser extent, the MET in cows with a CF titre greater than or equal to 16 or less than 4. In cows with CF titres of 8 the correlation was not as good while cows with a CF titre of 4 gave a wide range of reactions in these supplementary tests. A plate variant of the ABGT gave titres which were generally lower, by about 1 dilution, than those in the tube procedure. The results of the rapid ABGT correlated well with the results of the tube ABGT and the CFT in samples of high and low titre but not as well in samples of intermediate titre. The DTT gave titres which were usually lower than the corresponding MET titre. On the basis of the results obtained, tentative standards for the interpretation of the ABGT (tube) and MET were defined. It was concluded that these tests could be used to elucidate the status of a proportion of the cows which gave inconclusive results in the CFT. PMID- 823931 TI - Treatment of Vaccinial keratitis with trifluorothymidine. AB - The efficacy of trifluorothymidine was compared with idoxuridine on a blind basis by noting the effect of topical administration of the drugs on the severity of vaccinial keratitis induced in rabbits. Trifluorothymidine was found to be substantially more effective, and was well tolerated. In addition, positive viral cultures after the treatment period were substantially reduced in the trifluorothymidine groups when compared with the idoxuridine or control groups. PMID- 823933 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism: clues to understanding human behavioral disorders. AB - Detailed behavioral and biochemical investigation of patients with inborn errors of metabolism, especially those intrinsic to the nervous system, may provide many clues to the genetic predisposition underlying human behavioral traits. Relatives of such patients and other individuals with homologous enzymatic lesions due to alleles specifying intermediate activity need to be studied as well. Among the metabolic disorders discussed selectively here, some masquerade as schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness, or hyperactivity syndrome of childhood, providing examples of the striking heterogeneity to be found for these common behavioral disorders. PMID- 823934 TI - Fiber bundle direction in the mammalian heart. An extension of the "nested shells" model. AB - The orientation of the muscle fiber bundles within the mammalian left ventricle was examined in a variety of mammals. The hearts were arrested in situ in animals with an intact thorax by means of an isotonic K+ solution perfused via the aorta and coronaries. The hearts were then fixed by formalin perfusion through the same vessels and the hearts embedded in gelatin. Serial sections were prepared perpendicular to the Apex-Valve axis. On close examination, the muscle fibers show the change in orientation from endocardium to epicardium previously described by others. In addition, the clefts and voids of the inner one-third to inner one-half of the left ventricular wall add another dimension to the fiber direction: the fiber bundles appear to take a curving course from the middle of the wall to the endocardial surface. This pattern was visible in all studied hearts. Speculations are made on the significance of this anatomic arrangement. PMID- 823936 TI - [Histoautoradiographic studies on an accident with radioisotope contrast media in paraproteinemia]. PMID- 823935 TI - [The effect of microorganisms on protein catabolism in putrefaction studies]. PMID- 823937 TI - Primary structure of the marmoset (Saguinus fusicollis) hemoglobin. I. Use of tryptic maleylated peptides in the solubilization and sequence elucidation of the alpha- and beta-chains. AB - The primary structure of adult marmoset hemoglobin has been determined. The alpha and beta-chains of HbA were separated on a CM23 column in 8 M urea using a sodium phosphate gradient. Tryptic digest of the alpha- and beta-chains were fractionated on a Dowex 50W-X2 column using a pH and pyridine acetate gradient. Large peptide fragments were obtained by the cyanogen bromide cleavage of the alpha- and beta-chains, as well as by tryptic digestion of the maleylated alpha- and beta-chains. The sequence was derived from the amino acid compositions and sequences of the individual tryptic peptide, automated sequence determination of intact alpha- and beta-chains, as well as automated sequence determination of cyanogen bromide fragments and tryptic maleylated peptides derived from the alpha and beta-chains. The complete structure of marmoset adult hemoglobin is closely homologous to that of other primate hemoglobins. The sequence of the marmoset alpha-chain differs from the alpha-chian of human HbA at positions 8, 19, 23, 68, and 116. The beta-chain from marmoset HbA differs from the beta-chain of human HbA at positions 5, 13, 21, 50, 87, and 125. PMID- 823939 TI - C-6 oxidation of ascorbic acid: a major metabolic process in animals. PMID- 823938 TI - A mathematical approach to the analysis of diversity in antibody gene families. AB - In this article, we develop a mathematical approach for the analysis of diversity in antibody gene families. This approach is arrived at by examing two general questions about protein populations: (1) What is a relative measure of the diversity exhibited by one protein family when compared with a second? (2) What is the probability that two protein populations were derived from a single common population? These quantitative approaches permit a variety of precise evolutionary, genetic, and developmental questions to be asked of antibody gene families. Using this methodology, we demonstrate that the diversity in mouse K immunoglobulin chains is considerably greater than in their human K counterparts. We also show that the variable (Vl) regions of light chains associated with IgG and IgA immunoglobulins in the mouse appear to have been derived from a common population of Vl genes. This approach also can be used to analyse sequence data from other informational multigene families. PMID- 823940 TI - Inhibition of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 823941 TI - Control by phosphate of candicidin production. PMID- 823942 TI - Owl monkey vitreous: a novel for hyaluronic acid structural studies. PMID- 823943 TI - Heterogeneity of large subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carbosylase from Hydrogenomonas eutropha. PMID- 823944 TI - Yeast DNA dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III. The existence of subunits common to the three enzymes. PMID- 823945 TI - The amino acid sequence of "heavy chain disease" protein ZUC. Structure of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G3. PMID- 823946 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of indomethacin and its role in intestinal irritation. PMID- 823947 TI - Effect of washing the hepatic microsomal fraction in sucrose solutions and in sucrose solution containing EDTA upon the metabolism of foreign compounds. PMID- 823948 TI - Modification of protein-lipid interactions in the Gunn rat by treatment of microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase with diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 823949 TI - Sustained haemodynamic action of nitroglycerin ointment. AB - Intravenous vasodilators have been shown to improve the haemodynamic status of patients in congestive heart failure. However, neither intravenous nor sublingual preparations are suitable for chronic administration or use in ambulatory patients. In this study, nitroglycerin ointment bas administered to 11 patients in congestive heart failure. Mean pulmonary wedge and arterial pressures, as well as systemic blood pressures and heart rate were then monitored for 2 to 5 hours and compared with baseline values. Pulmonary wedge and arterial pressures, as well as systemic systolic arterial pressure, decreased significantly at 15 minutes after application and remained depressed for up to 5 hours. Systemic diastolic pressures fell significantly at 30 minutes and also remained significantly reduced for up to 5 hours. Thus, nitroglycerin ointment may be suitable for chronic vasodilator therapy of congestive heart failure. PMID- 823950 TI - The effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on measures of mood in normal women. PMID- 823951 TI - Hormonal status and testosterone metabolism of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinomas. PMID- 823952 TI - A monkey antigen crossreacting with carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA. AB - Normal monkey tissues were found to contain an antigen which crossreacts immunologically with the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of the human digestive tract. The monkey antigen reacted with complete or partial identity to the normal crossreacting antigen (NCA) in humans when tested in immunodiffusion against anti CEA or anti-NCA. Extracts of monkey tissues inhibited in radioimmunoassays measuring human NCA. It is possible that monkey foetuses and colonic tumours contain CEA. PMID- 823953 TI - Receptors for human immunoglobulin on acute myeloid leukaemic leucocytes. AB - Immunoglobulin (Fc) receptors were detected on leucocytes from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) by rosette formation with human cDE/cDE erthyrocytes (HE) sensitized with Rhesus (Rh) antisera (HEA). Of 7 Rh antisera tested, erythrocytes sensitized with anti-d (Gm10) detected the highest numbers of rosette-forming cells (HEA-RFC) in normal and AML leucocyte preparations. Using this assay, HEA-RFC was studied in 22 untreated AML patients and ce assay detected 11-6% lymphocyte and 2-1% granulocyte HEA-RFC in normal peripheral blood. Leucocytes from 16 to 22 AML patients had a similar or lower percentage than normal lymphocyte HEA-RFC, which could be explained by the dilution of peripheral blood leucocytes by poorly or non-rosetting leukaemic blasts. Ten of these 16 patients were diagnosed as having acute myeloblasts leukaemia. Six of the 22 AML patients had high HEA-RFC values of which 5 were diagnosed as having myelomonocytic leukaemia. Cytocentrifuge preparations of HEA-RFC showed that the proportion able to form rosettes was lower in myeloblasts than in monoblasts. Enzyme treatment (pronase), inhibition or simultaneous labelling of surface Ig and Fc receptors showed that the characteristic surface Ig found to AML cells is, at least in part, bound to Fc receptors. The HEA-RFC test described in this paper could be useful in the immuno-diagnosis of myelomonocytic leukaemia. PMID- 823954 TI - Ages and frequencies for cervical cancer screening. AB - A simple method of calculating the best ages for carrying out cervical cytology screening procedures is proposed. The argument is graphical, the outcomes are readily understood by visual and intuitive methods, but a computer program for assisting the calculations is constructed. Use of the method indicates that relatively high rates of screening should be employed in women over 45, and that routine screening in women under 30 years of age is likely to be ineffective in reducing mortality. The method predicts that, if we assume a negative error rate for the test of 0-2, and a natural history with a mean interval between detectability and incurability of about 6 years, a series of 10 tests deployed between 35 and 80 years in England and Wales should give a yield of 0-67 deaths saved per 1000 tests performed, and should be capable of saving about 77% of all deaths from cervical cancer in women who conform with the recommendation. PMID- 823955 TI - Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. AB - Seven cases of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAPK) are described. All the patients were female and the pattern of inheritance suggested an autosomal dominant mode. Histologically, RAPK is characterized by epidermal atrophy, an increased number of basal melanocytes and the absence of pigmentary incontinence in the upper dermis. The present cases, from Asia, Africa and Europe, are the first to be described outside Japan. PMID- 823956 TI - Immunoglobulin bound calcium and ultrafiltrable serum calcium in myeloma. PMID- 823958 TI - Intrauterine transfusion in the management of severe rhesus isoimmunization. AB - In the ten years between 1965 and 1974, 2227 patients with rhesus isoimmunization were seen at the Newcastle centre. The antibody titre and previous history were the basis on which patients were selected for amniocentesis and determination of the amniotic fluid bilirubin ratio. There were 288 patients with a bilirubin ratio which was greater than 1-1: of these 206 were treated by intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Evidence for the belief that the treated and untreated groups were similar is presented. The overall survival rates were 44 per cent for cases treated by intrauterine transfusion and 50 per cent for those not treated in this way. The mortality directly attributable to the procedure was at least 20 per cent and did not take into account errors of selection nor accidents associated with amniocentesis. PMID- 823957 TI - A critical review of intrauterine fetal transfusion. AB - A critical review of 142 intrauterine fetal transfusions performed in 99 patients during 107 pregnancies raised doubts about the absolute benefit of the procedure. Two main problems emerged: the diagnostic criteria upon which decisions were based were inadequate and the fetal mortality associated with transfusion was high, especially when this was performed before 28 weeks. We measured amniotic fluid bilirubin concentration by a biochemical method but the results following intrauterine fetal transfusion were similar to those observed by others using spectrophotometric examination of amniotic fluid. PMID- 823959 TI - A further investigation of the relationship between serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and gestational age. AB - A standard error of one to two weeks must be accepted if the duration of pregnancy is calculated from serum diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations. After the 16th week of pregnancy, the enzyme concentration is too variable to be used for calculations of gestational age. PMID- 823960 TI - Corneal clouding in GM1-generalized gangliosidosis. AB - Corneal clouding is added to the list of clinical and chemical abnormalities which occur both in GM1-generalized gangliosidosis and in Hurler's syndrome (and some other mucopolysaccharidoses). The parents of our patient were first cousin Yemeni and had partial beta-galactosidase deficiency in their leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 823961 TI - Fidelity of chromatin transcription in vitro. AB - Chromatin and DNA from Schneider's Drosophila melanogaster cell line 2 were transcribed in vitro with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Using mercurated UTP as precursor, the newly synthesized RNA could be separated from DNA and endogenous RNA by affinity chromatography on sulfhydryl-Sepharose 6B. Characterization of the transcription products with complementary DNA (cDNA) made from polyadenylated nuclear RNA and with fractionated cDNA probe demonstrated a fair quantitative fidelity in the in vitro transcript from chromatin which was not evident when DNA was transcribed. However, as shown by hybridization to total nuclear RNA, E. coli RNA polymerase transcribed both DNA strands from chromatin in vitro. We conclude that E. coli polymerase is able to distinguish sections of chromatin at which rapid synthesis of RNA occurs in the cell. PMID- 823962 TI - Estimation of the number of nucleotide sequences in mouse DNA complementary to messenger RNAs specifying a complete mouse immunoglobulin. AB - A fraction of ribonucleic acid (RNA) enriched in messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for immunoglobulin G (IgG) was isolated from cells of mouse myeloma RPC5 using specifically purified antibodies to immunoprecipitate polyribosomes engaged in IgG psi heavy and K light chain synthesis. More than 85% of the RNA present consisted of IgG mRNA as determined by an analysis of the products translated in its presence in the wheat germ system. IgG mRNA labeled with 125I was hybridized with mouse liver DNA. Approximately 95% of the RNA hybridized with mouse a Cot 1/2 of 4.0 X 103, indicating that the complementary DNA sequences were present less than five times per haploid genome. In contrast, approximately 75% of poly(adenylic acid) containing RNA prepared from unfractionated polyribosomes of RPC5 cells hybridized with a Cot 1/2 of 3.3 X 103; 25% of such RNA formed hybrids at lower Cot values. PMID- 823963 TI - Euglena gracilis DNA dependent RNA polymerase II: a zinc metalloenzyme. AB - Zinc is essential for cellular proliferation. Zinc deficiency of Euglena gracilis results in arrest of cell division and deranges nucleic acid and protein metabolism pointing to a decisive role of zinc in transcription and translation. We have, therefore, investigated the role of zinc in the function of the DNA dependent RNA polymerases of this organism. Two RNA polymerases from zinc sufficient organisms were purified first by affinity chromatography on a DNA cellulose column and subsequently separated on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex A-25. The two fractions were characterized as polymerase I and II by their elution pattern from DEAE-Sephadex and sensitivity to alpha-amanitin. RNA polymerase II has a provisional molecular weight of 700 000 and contains an average of 2.2 g=atoms of zinc per mol of enzyme, but not Mn, Cu, or Fe, as measured by microwave emission spectroscopy. Chelating agents, such as 1,10 phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid, and lomofungin, inhibit activity. In contrast, the nonchelating analogues, 1,7-and 4,7-phenanthroline, do not affect activity. Inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline is instantaneous and fully reversible by dilution. 1,10-Phenanthroline also inhibits RNA polymerase I, suggesting a role of zinc in its function. The demonstration that RNA polymerase II is a zinc enzyme indicates the involvement of zinc in eukaryotic RNA synthesis and serves as a further basis for the definition of the role of this element in eukaryotic cell growth, division, and differentiation. PMID- 823964 TI - Third component of human complement: purification from plasma and physicochemical characterization. AB - The third component of complement has been purified from fresh human plasma employing an initial fractionation with poly(ethylene glycol) followed by sequential depletion of plasminogen by affinity adsorbents, chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose, gel filtration on agarose, and batch adsorption/desorption on hydroxylapatite. Final recoveries of C3 were 33% of the initial protein, as quantitated by radial immunodiffusion, and 31% of the initial hemolytic activity. Apparent homogeneity is indicated by immunological criteria and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A partial specific volume of 0.736 +/- 0.003 mlgm-1 was determined for C3 by the mechanical oscillator technique. "Low speed" sedimentation equilibrium yielded an apparent weight average molecular weight for the protein of 187 650 +/- 5650. Based upon this molecular weight, a molar extinction coefficient of 1.82 X 10(5) 1. mole-1 cm-1 at 280 nm was calculated from boundary-spreading experiments in the ultracentrifuge and as assumed refractive index increment. Amino acid analyses revealed no unusual or distinctive characteristics. Automated Edman degradation revealed a double N terminal sequence, Ser-Val,Pro-Glx,Met-Lee,Tyr-Thr,Ser-Glx,Ile-Lys,Gly-Arg,Thr Met,Pro-Asx, in agreement with the two chain structure observed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and revealing both chains are available to degradation. Serine is postulated as the initiating sequence in both chains based upon high recoveries of dinitrophenylserine upon hydrolysis of dinitrophenylated C3, and our inability to identify any other dinitrophenyl or phenylthiohydantoin derivatives in this position. Alanine is the ultimate carboxy-terminal amino acid of at least one of the chains, as indicated by the action of carboxypeptidases on C3 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 823965 TI - Superactivation of neutral proteases: acylation with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters. AB - A series N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of acylamino acids previously shown to acylate and thereby increase the activity of thermolysin by several orders of magnitude (Blumberg, S., and Vallee, B. L. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 2410) has been used to modify the related neutral proteases from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Aeromonas proteolytica. Each of these enzymes is activated to a level characteristic of the particular protein and the particular acyl group incorpporated when monitored with the substrate furylacryloyl-Gly-Leu NH2. Thus, for the modification of B. megaterium, B. subtilis, and A. proteolytica proteases with Ac-Trp-ONSu, kcat/Km increases 11-, 2.5-, and 18-fold whereas those of the Ac-Phe(4-DnpNH)-ONSu modified enzymes before and after deacylation with hydroxylamine indicate that from 1 to 2 residues are modified. The rate of removal of the Ac-Phe(4-DnpNH) label by 0.1 M hydroxylamine correlates directly with that of the return of native enzymatic activity, at a rate comparable with the rate of deacylation of O-acyltyrosine models. The competitive inhibitors Zn2+ and beta-phenyl-propionyl-Phe do not prevent activation indicating that modification occurs at a site(s) distinct from that at which inhibitors bind. The degree of activation depends also on the substrate employed, generally being greater for substrates which the native enzymes hydrolyze slowly. These data are interpreted to indicate the modification of a residue near the active site, but which serves as a subsite for substrate interaction. PMID- 823966 TI - Partial purification of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase with affinity chromotography. Some properties and interaction of concanavalin A with alkaline phosphatase. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) from human intestine was purified with concanavalin A Sepharose and tyraminyl derivative-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme obtained with these techniques had a specific activity of approx. 513.2 mumol p nitrophenylphosphate hydrolyzed per min per mg of protein at pH 10.0. 2. The highly purified enzyme showed one major enzymatically active band and a possible minor enzymatically active band on acrylamide gel and cellogel electrophoresis, and the two fraction types showed identical antigenicity. 3. The highly purified intestinal enzyme was compared with the purified hepatic enzyme: the saccharide content of each showed a marked difference. 4. The interaction of alkaline phosphatase with concanavalin A, a carbohydrate-binding protein, was studied. Concanavalin A showed an organ-specific behavior to alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, i.e., the effect on the enzyme activity, and the optimum pH of the activity. 5. The concanavalin A and alkaline phosphatase complex showed a protective effect against heat denaturation and inactivation of proteinase digestion. There was no difference in stability between the intestinal enzyme and the hepatic enzyme. 6. Alkaline phosphatase preparations from human intestine and human liver can bind with concanavalin A; these interactions of concanavalin A; these interactions of concanavalin A with the enzyme occurred reversibly when alpha-methyl-D-mannoside was added. 7. The double reciprocal plots of 1/v vs. 1/s at higher concentrations of concanavalin A showed that the mechanism of inhibition was "mixed type". From the results of Dixon plots, the inhibition constant (Ki) was calculated to the 0.025 muM for human intestinal enzyme. 8. The effect of concanavalin A on L-phenylalanine inhibition of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase indicates that concanavalin A does not interfere with L-phenylalanine binding, but its effect on L-homoarginine inhibition of the hepatic enzyme seems to show that concanavalin A interfered with L-homoarginine binding. PMID- 823967 TI - Isolation and characterization of four peptide hydrolases from the brush border of rat intestinal mucosa. AB - Peptide hydrolases (EC 3.4.-.-) were solubilized from purified brush borders of rat intestinal mucosa by papain digestion. Three peptide hydrolases, I, II, and III, with different substrate specificities were isolated by means of DEAE cellulose chromatography and preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis. On repeat preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis under slightly different conditions, enzyme II was resolved into two proteins, IIa and IIb, with vary similar, possibly identical, substrate specificities. Efforts to discover additional brush border peptide hydrolases revealed none. Studies using more than 50 substrates showed that enzyme I was most active against Met-Met, Met-Ala, and Met-Phe while enzyme II was most active against Phe-Gly, Phe-Ser, and Leu-Gly Gly, and enzyme III most rapidly hydrolyzed Gly-Leu, Leu-Gly, and Met-Gly. Efforts to discover substrates which are highly discriminating for each enzyme were partly successful. Thus, a number of substrates including leucine amide, leucyl-beta-naphthylamide and Phe-Asp were hydrolyzed almost exclusively (95% or more) by enzyme II while Gly-Leu was similarly specific for enzyme III. No substrate highly discriminating for enzyme I was discovered. Ion-exchange chromatography resulted in increases in specific activity of 10- and 120-fold for enzymes II and III, respectively. By sequential use of ion-exchange chromatography and preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis, each of the three enzymes was partially purified to the point that they were free of contaminating disaccharidases and enzymes I and II gave single dense bands on analytical acrylamide gel electrophoresis while enzyme III gave a single dense band plus one additional faint protein band. Under appropriate conditions, analytical gel electrophoresis also resolved enzyme II into two bands with enzyme activity. The three enzymes were isolated from intestinal brush borders of germ-free rats indicating that none of the enzymes is of bacterial origin. With Phe-Gly as substrate, pH optima for enzymes I, II, and III were 8.0, 8.0, and 8.5, respectively. Molecular weights determined by gel filtration were 283 000, 284 000, and 134 000, respectively. Studies of activation by metal ions and inhibition by metal ion chelators suggested that the activity of each of the enzymes is dependent on a relatively tightly bound metal cofactor. Peptide hydrolases of the intestinal mucosa play an essential role in protein digestion. The studies presented here help to clarify the total number and substrate specificities of these enzymes in the rat brush border. PMID- 823968 TI - The amino acid sequence of three non-curarimimetictoxins from Naja nivea venom. AB - Three toxins of the non-curarimimetic type have been isolated from the venom of the Cape cobra Naja nivea. The basic and hydrophobic amino acids are dominant in all three toxins. They comprise 60 amino acid residues with 4 intrachain disulphide linkages. The toxins have been characterized with respect to their linear structures and immunochemical properties. Toxicity and hemolytic data suggest a much higher affinity for receptors on the heart cell membrane than for that of the red cell. PMID- 823969 TI - Intrinsic enzyme activity associated with tropoelastin. AB - The presence of an enzyme(s) associated with purified tropoelastin has been established. Results indicate that the enzyme(s) remains closely associated with the soluble elastin throughout the entire purification procedure suggesting that it is very tightly bound. Enzymatic activity is optimum through the pH range 7-9 (37 degrees C) and can be inhibited by disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, N ethylmaleimide, sulfite, soybean trypsin inhibitor and human alpha-1-antitrypsin. The fragmentation pattern appears to be specific and reproducible. PMID- 823970 TI - Purification of human gastric proteases by immunoadsorbents: pepsinogen II-group. AB - The pepsinogen II group was prepared from gastric mucosal extract by a two-step procedure consisting of immunoadsorption to an anti-pepsinogen II column, followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The final product was pure according to biochemical and immunochemical criteria. As determined by quantitative immunodiffusion, the enrichment factor of pepsinogen II was 34. A recovery of 55% was calculated. The effectiveness of this procedure was due to the use of purified anti-pepsinogen II antibodies for immunoadsorption. This was achieved by immunoadsorption to Sepharose bound crude pepsinogen and a further passage over an unrelated immunoadsorbent (human serum coupled to Sepharose). The immunoadsorbent prepared using purified anti-pepsinogen antibodies showed low non biospecific binding of gastric extract proteins. Complete separation of pepsinogen II from pepsinogen I was observed in one single passage. Purified pepsinogen II showed two protein bands in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and four bands of proteolytic activity in agarose enzyme electrophoresis. In both methods, as well as in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, components with the same electrophoretic mobility were detected in pure preparations of group and II pepsinogens. Consequently, only in pure preparations was it possible to define the exact number of bands belonging to each of the two groups and to assess the immunological specificity of every band. Upon hydroxyapatite chromatography purified pepsinogen II was further resolved into two fractions. PMID- 823971 TI - Isolation and initial characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein from chicken, turtle, frog and fish central nervous systems. AB - The purification procedure for mammalian glial fibrillary acidic protein allowed the isolation of related proteins from the brain and spinal cord of the chicken, turtle, frog and fish. With the exception of the turtle, the proteins so isolated were homogeneous and migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis, displaying the same mobility as bovine glial fibrillary acidic protein, 54 000 mol. wt. In the turtle an additional slower migrating band was constantly present, together with the main species. Mammalian and submammalian proteins were similar in amino acid composition and appeared to be susceptible to the same type of in situ proteolysis, with degradation of the major species into multiple polypeptides ranging down to 40 500 mol. wt. Unless degraded, the proteins isolated from submammalian vertebrates were excluded from sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels if a reducing agent was not added to the electrophoretic sample, thus suggesting the existance of disulfide bridges between polypeptide chains, as demonstrated for the mammalian protein. The purified submammalian antigens cross-reacted with antisera to human glial fibrillary acidic protein with formation of spurs not only at the junction between mammalian and submammalian precipitation lines, but also between submammalian lines. The antisera produced against chicken antigen did not react with the human antigen and the antichicken sera could not be absorbed with human antigen. An immunologically active cyanogen bromide peptide in the myoglobin range (17 200 mol. wt.) characteristic of the mammalian protein, degraded and nondegraded, was not present in the digest of the submammalian proteins. PMID- 823972 TI - Development of a specific immunological assay for tropoelastin and its application to tissue culture studies. PMID- 823973 TI - Fractionation and comparison of proteins from bovine uterine fluid and bovine allantoic fluid. AB - Serum, allantoic fluid and uterine washings obtained from cows at various stages of pregnancy were fractionated by gel filtration and the fractions compared by electrophoretic and immunological methods. Several proteins were detected in uterine washings which were not found in serum. Some of these proteins were sensitive to the experimental conditions used for concentrating the uterine washings, being irreversibly adsorbed onto the glass containers on freeze drying. The number and imtensity of the "uterine-specific" proteins varied with the stage of pregnancy, changes in the electrophoretic patterns being detected just prior to rapid elongation of the embryo and at a stage when luteolysis would have occurred in the unmated cow. Many of the "uterine-specific" proteins were also detected in allantoic fluid. PMID- 823974 TI - Differential distribution of liposome-entrapped [3H]methotrexate and labelled lipids after intravenous injection in a primate. AB - Positive liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and stearylamine and negatively charged liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, were double labelled with either 3H-labelled dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and [14C]cholesterol or with [14C]cholesterol and [3H]methotrexate entrapped in the aqueous phase. The plasma levels and urinary excretion of radioactivity from sonicated and non-sonicated liposomes were then compared with the levels of radioactivity from free [3H]methotrexate during a 4 h experimental period after an initial intravenous injection in cynomolgous monkeys. Tissue uptake at the completion of the 4 h experimental period was also measured. It was found that plasma radioactivity from [3H]methotrexate and [14C]cholesterol in sonicated positive liposomes was cleared more slowly than from comparable non-sonicated liposomes, and considerably slower than from free [3H]methotrexate. Radioactivity from sonicated negative liposomes was cleared more rapidly than from positive sonicated liposomes. Positive liposomes captured considerably more [3H]methotrexate than negative liposomes and showed very low permeability to [3H]methotrexate in in vitro studies, even in the presence of high concentrations of serum. [14C]Cholesterol radioactivity was cleared more rapidly from plasma than 3H-radioactivity from liposome-entrapped [3H]methotrexate for double-labelled sonicated liposomes and generally showed greater uptake into tissues and red blood cells. 3H-labelled dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in sonicated positive liposomes was cleared faster than [14C]cholesterol during the first 3 h. The more rapid disappearance of [14C]cholesterol from the plasma was complemented by greater uptake into a number of tissues, and positive non-sonicated liposomes were taken up to a greater extent by the spleen than equivalent sonicated liposomes. Renal excretion of 3H from liposome-entrapped [3H]methotrexate was considerably less than that of 3H from free [3H]methotrexate. There was insignificant excretion, however, of 14C from cholesterol in the urine. Entrapment in liposomes completely prevented the otherwise considerable breakdown of free methotrexate to 3H-containing products in plasma and partially prevented its breakdown in tissues. These studies indicate marked differences in the distribution of liposomes in vivo due to surface charge and size, and some degree of exchange of the lipid components of the liposome bilayer independent of the distribution of the entrapped species. They also show that entrapment in liposomes can reduce metabolic degradation of a drub, maintain high plasma levels and reduce its renal excretion. PMID- 823975 TI - Changes during development in transport processes of the blood-brain barrier. AB - The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to several classes of compounds was studied in rats between the ages of 15 days and 9 weeks. 14C-labelled test substances were injected simultaneously with two reference isotopes, 3H2O and 113mIn-labelled EDTA, into the common carotid artery followed by decapitation 10 s later. There was evidence that a monocarboxylic acid transport system in 15 to 23 day-old rats had a capacity at least six times greater than that present in adult animals. L-Lactate and acetate showed the highest permeability. At all ages there was a constant ratio between L-lactate and (-)D-3-hyroxybutyrate values. D Glucose permeability increased with age, while that of several amino acids tested was the same in young and adult rats. PMID- 823976 TI - Stabilization by glutaraldehyde of high-rate electron transport in isolated chloroplasts. AB - Treatment of isolated chloroplasts with glutaraldehyde affects their ability to photoreduce artificial electron acceptors. The remaining rate of O2 evolution approaches zero with methyl viologen, is low with ferricyanide, but nearly normal with lipophilic Photosystem II acceptors, like oxidized p-phenylenediamine and oxidized diaminodurene. Since Photosystem I donor reactions are also affected, a specific site of inhibition of electron transport to Photosystem I is indicated. At the same time, glutaraldehyde prolongs the longevity of the chloroplasts stored in dark. In control samples the half-life of Photosystem II activity varied between 5 days at 4degreesC and 1 day at 25degreesC. Glutaraldehyde treatment increased these half times approx. 3-fold. The glutaraldehyde doses required to induce inhibition and stabilization were very similar. PMID- 823977 TI - Triplet states of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids in chromatophores of photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Chromatophores from photosynthetic bacteria were excited with flashes lasting approx. 15 ns. Transient optical absorbance changes not associated with the photochemical electron-transfer reactions were interpreted as reflecting the conversion of bacteriochlorophyll or carotenoids into triplet states. Triplet states of various carotenoids were detected in five strains of bacteria; triplet states of bacteriochlorophyll, in two strains that lack carotenoids. Triplet states of antenna pigments could be distinguished from those of pigments specifically associated with the photochemical reaction centers. Antenna pigments were converted into their triplet states if the photochemical apparatus was oversaturated with light, if the primary photochemical reaction was blocked by prior chemical oxidation of P-870 or reduction of the primary electron acceptor, or if the bacteria were genetically devoid of reaction centers. Only the reduction of the electron acceptor appeared to lead to the formation of triplet states in the reaction centers. In the antenna bacteriochlorophyll, triplet states probably arise from excited singlet states by intersystem crossing. The antenna carotenoid triplets probably are formed by energy transfer from triplet antenna bacteriochlorophyll. The energy transfer process has a half time of approx. 20 ns, and is about 1 X 10(3) times more rapid than the reaction of the bacteriochlorophyll triplet states with O2. This is consistent with a role of carotenoids in preventing the formation of singlet O2 in vivo. In the absence of carotenoids and O2, they decay half times of the triplet states are 70 mus for the antenna bacteriochlorophyll and 6-10 mus for the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll. The carotenoid triplets decay with half times of 2-8 mus. With eak flashes, the quantum yields of the antenna triplet states are in the order of 0.02. The quantum yields decline severely after approximately one triplet state is formed per photosynthetic unit, so that even extremely strong flashes convert only a very small fraction of the antenna pigments into triplet states. The yield of fluorescence from the antenna bacteriochlorophyll declines similarly. These observations can be explained by the proposal that single triplet fusion causes rapid quenching of excited single states in the antenna bacteriochlorophyll. PMID- 823978 TI - Effect of hyperlipemic serum on cholesterol accumulation in monkey aortic medial cells. AB - The effect of hyperlipemic monkey serum on cholesterol ester formation and accumulation in monkey aortic medial cells grown in tissue culture was studied. The cellular incorporation and esterification of free cholesterol was followed using the specific activity of serum labeled with free [14C]cholesterol while the cellular sterol content was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatographic techniqyes. The effects produced by hyperlipemic monkey serum (HMS) and normal monkey serum (NMS) were evaluated at both comparable percentage levels in the media and at equivalent exogenous cholesterol concentrations. When the two sera were adjusted to equal exogenous free cholesterol levels, the incorporation of free cholesterol by the aortic medial cells was related to the free cholesterol concentration of the culture media whether supplied by normal or hyperlipemic serum cholesterol. Under these conditions the total cholesterol content of the HMS-grown cells was 35% greater than that of NMS-grown cells, due to an elevation in free cholesterol of approximately 3 mug/mg cell protein and a 2- to 4-fold increase in esterified cholesterol. At similar percentage levels, the hyperlipemic serum stimulated a greater incorporation of free cholesterol into the monkey medial cells, accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the cellular esterification of this free cholesterol. PMID- 823979 TI - The interaction of ribosomes and membranes in animal cells. PMID- 823980 TI - [Purification and characterization of an extracellular protease from Staphylococcus aureus inhibited by EDTA]. AB - A neutral protease, produced by Staphylococcus aureus, strain V8, was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetone, and by chromatography on D.E.A.E.-cellulose. The purified protein is homogeneous by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme is estimated to be 28.000 daltons by gel filtration and 27.400 daltons by sedimentation equilibrium study. The amino acid composition indicates 251 residues and the absence of sulphydryl groups. Arginine is the NH2-terminal amino acid, while the COOH-terminal sequence of amino acids is Ala-Gly-Leu-Gl-Val. The protease exhibits a maximum proteolytic activity on casein at pH 7,0, and its activity is increased by 30 per cent on the addition of calcium ions. E.D.T.A. and E.G.T.A. completely inhibit the protease while the reagents of serine enzymes are without effect. This enzyme, which contains mainly calcium in its molecule, hydrolyses the peptide bonds, of the insulin B-chain, in which the amino groups of hydrophobic amino acids are involved. Unlike the other metalloproteases, no hydrolysis is observed for the peptide bond Phe(24)-Phe(25) while the peptide bond Phe(1)-Val(2) is attacked. PMID- 823981 TI - [Effect of endonuclease isolated from sheep brains on DNA--RNA hybrids]. PMID- 823982 TI - [Ribosomes of the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis. Sedimentation, density characteristics and analysis of ribosomal RNA]. AB - Ribosomes and rRNAs were isolated from cells of green-blue alga Anabaena variabilis. The sedimentation properties of the ribosomes as well as density, molecular weights and nucleotide composition of rRNAs were determined. The ribosomes were found to have the S20,w value equal to 67.2+/-0.4S, whereas those of the ribosome subunits were 48.6+/-0.8 and 29.5+/-1.1S. The buoyant density of the ribosomes in CsCl was 1.641+/-+/-0.002 g/cm3; a calculated relative protein content was 35%. The molecular weights of rRNAs estimated by electrophoresis in PAAG containing 0.5% agarose, are 1.1-10(-6) and 0.56-10(6) daltons. The nucleotide composition of rRNA was determined and rRNA was shown to belong to the GC type. Consequently, the blue-green alga ribosomes do not differ in the parameters studied from bacterial ribosomes. PMID- 823983 TI - Recovery of uterine embryos in Rhesus monkeys. PMID- 823984 TI - Diurnal variations of plasma testosterone in two prosimian primates (Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus and Lemur catta). PMID- 823985 TI - Hereditary forms of growth hormone deficiency and resistance. AB - Pituitary dwarfism is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders associated with a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms which may involve any level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatomedin-peripheral tissue axis. Developmental defects of the pituitary, such as congenital absence of the pituitary, and developmental defects of the hypothalamus, such as anencephaly and holoprosencephaly, have been described. Degeneration of the hypothalamus and pituitary, as in histiocytosis X, may also result in pituitary dwarfism. In "idiopathic" forms of pituitary dwarfism, defects limited to either the hypothalamus or pituitary have been suggested by releasing hormone stimulation studies and it is quite likely that specific defects of the hypothalamus, and pituitary, as well as defects in releasing hormonal synthesis and secretion and growth hormone synthesis and secretion all exist. In Laron dwarfism the basic defect appears to lie in the ability to generate somatomedin, in the Pygmy the defect appears to involve peripheral unresponsiveness to somatomedin. Further pathologic studies of the hypothalamus and pituitary in pituitary dwarfism; analysis of growth hormone and somatomedin cellular receptors; and elucidation of the structure of growth hormone releasing factor and techniques for its synthesis and assay should allow for the delineation of the specific pathogenetic mechanism in each of these syndromes. PMID- 823986 TI - Allelic mutations in the mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 823987 TI - Carbaryl effects on growth and development in suspension cultures of wild carrot. AB - Carbaryl has been demonstrated to inhibit growth of carrot suspension cultures at 10 and 20 ppm. The specific activities of RNA and protein increased at 20 ppm. Total RNA was relatively unchanged at any concentration while total protein was reduced considerably at 20 ppm. Embryo development was inhibited by increasing concentrations of carbaryl. Thin layer chromatography indicated considerable degradation of carbaryl to 1-naphthol. When 1-naphthol was tested in this system it was shown to elicit the same inhibitory effects on growth as carbaryl, suggesting that the 1-naphthol residue is itself a potent inhibitor of tissue growth and development. PMID- 823988 TI - Effect of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis Wh 14 was incubated with HCB (0.001 - 0.5 ppm) in Erlenmeyer flasks under continuous stirring at 30degreesC for 10 days in an incubator. HCB decreased growth as deduced from measurements of dry weight, carbohydrates, and total nitrogen. Total nitrogen and carbohydrates are decreased drastically while dry matter is reduced only by a factor of two. The excretion of a compound into the nutrient solution which yields a colour with modified Ehrlich reagent like porphobilinogen is very strongly increased by HCB. All effects observed were very well correlated with the concentration of this compound applied. PMID- 823989 TI - Comparative evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl solutions. PMID- 823990 TI - Definition of the dilemma of the scope of diagnostic investigation in the community hypertension program. PMID- 823991 TI - A summary of cost-effectiveness calculations in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive renovascular disease. PMID- 823992 TI - Organization for long-term management of hypertension: introduction. PMID- 823994 TI - Organization for long-term management of hypertension: the role of the physician. PMID- 823993 TI - Organization for long-term management of hypertension: the recruitment, training, and responsibilities of a health team. PMID- 823995 TI - Organization for long-term management of hypertension: the trade union as a compliance mechanism in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 823996 TI - The role of bound calcium in supersensitivity induced by cocaine. AB - 1 Noradrenaline caused a small contraction of the cat isolated spleen strip bathed in a calcium-free solution; this contraction was greatly potentiated by cocaine. This potentiation was also present in isolated spleen strips where noradrenaline stores were depleted by reserpine. The maximum response of the spleen strip to noradrenaline in the absence of extracellular calcium was also increased by cocaine. 2 The disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na EDTA) but not Ca-EDTA antagonized the potentiation of the response to noradrenaline by cocaine in a calcium-free solution, and greatly reduced the magnitude of subsequent responses to noradrenaline and cocaine. 3 Strontium caused equivalent contractions of normal and reserpine-treated spleen strips bathed in a calcium-free solution. These responses were potentiated by cocaine. 4 Histamine caused a small contraction of the isolated spleen strip bathed in a Ca free solution. Cocaine failed to potentiate these very small histamine contractions, but did potentiate the contraction of these same strips in response to noradrenaline. 5 It is concluded that the potentiation of the response of the isolated spleen strip to noradrenaline by cocaine in the absence of extracellular calcium is due to a mechanism other than decreased neuronal uptake of noradrenaline. It is suggested that cocaine makes a bound store of calcium more available to promote contraction of the spleen strip by noradrenaline. PMID- 823997 TI - Inhibition of peristalsis in guinea-pig isolated ileum and colon by drugs that block prostaglandin synthesis. AB - 1 Methods of analysing peristaltic activity have been evaluated by the use of recordings of longitudinal and circular muscle activity and of propulsion in whole segments of guinea-pig ileum and colon. 2 Some prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, and antagonists of prostaglandin action were tested for their suitability for studying the role of prostaglandins in peristalsis. Aspirin was suitable; at 10-200 mug/ml it had little effect on responses of longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum to acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, nicotine or prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin (1-4 mug/ml) reduced responses to nicotine and prostaglandin E2. The prostaglandin antagonists polyphloretin phosphate and SC 19220 reduced contractions of ileal longitudinal muscle caused by nerve excitation with either nicotine or transmural stimulation. 3 Aspirin (20-100 mug/ml) or indomethacin (1-4 mug/ml) applied serosally greatly inhibited all aspects of peristalsis in guinea-pig ileum and colon. Inhibition of peristalsis of the ileum by aspirin was antagonized by prostaglandin E2 and that by indomethacin was removed by prostaglandin F2alpha or ACh. Inhibition of colonic peristalsis by aspirin was antagonized by prostaglandin E2 but rarely by ACh, and that by indomethacin by prostaglandin E1 or E2. Mucosal application of aspirin had little effect on either ileum or colon but indomethacin caused some inhibition. 4 These results support the supposition that prostaglandins contribute to peristaltic activity. PMID- 823998 TI - The interaction between anthelmintic drugs and histamine in Ascaris suum. AB - 1 Piperazine reduced the histamine content of Ascaris suum, yet it greatly increased the uptake of histamine from the surrounding medium, the neuromuscular structures of the nematode preferentially increasing in amount. 2 Bephenium reduced the histamine content of Ascaris and the uptake of histamine from the surrounding medium. However, the relative amount in the neuromuscular structures increased. 3 The flaccid paralysing action of piperazine may thus involve increased histamine absorption whereas the spastic paralysing action of bephenium may be independent of histamine. PMID- 823999 TI - Behavioural activity in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) of the metabolites of diazepam in man [proceedings]. PMID- 824001 TI - Comparison of the self-administration liabilities of morphine and pentazocine in the rhesus monkey [proceedings]. PMID- 824000 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by drugs: effects in vitro of some drugs affecting gut function. AB - Low concentrations of several emetic, purgative or irritant drugs in the absence of added co-factors stimulated conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha by prostaglandin synthetase extracted from bull seminal vesicles (BSV prostaglandin synthetase). Their effect was dependent on concentration and time. Stimulation of BSV prostaglandin synthetase by apomorphine, aloes, tyramine or zingerone was increased several-fold by addition of reduced glutathione to the incubation medium, whereas hydroquinone, a phenolic co-factor of prostaglandin synthetase caused slight depression. From this finding and from the observation that many of the stimulant drugs possess a phenolic group, whereas their inactive relatives lack such a group, it is suggested that these stimulant drugs act as co factors for prostaglandin synthetase in place of hydroquinone. Aloes, tyramine, ethanol and quipazine also produced a dose-related increase in resting tone of the isolated fundus of the rat stomach. This increase occurred at concentrations comparable to those effective in stimulating BSV prostaglandin synthetase, and was abolished by acetylsalicylate. These findings support the view that certain drugs exert some of their pharmacological effects by stimulating prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 824002 TI - A further action of sodium cromoglycate [proceedings]. PMID- 824003 TI - Control of haemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - The decline in the stillbirth and death rates from haemolytic disease of the newborn in England and Wales between 1961 and 1973 is examined. The possible causes for this decline are identified and data related to each are assembled. The effects of intrauterine transfusions, changes in the abortion law, and changes in the racial mix as well as changes in the incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy and caesarean section can probably be disregarded for this purpose. Two major factors are the change in the birth rank distribution of births in England and Wales and general improvements in the quality of perinatal and obstetric care. When the above factors are excluded the effects of the specific control programmes upon stillbirths are not easy to measure or even detect. They probably accounted for less than one-fifth of the total decline in stillbirths from haemolytic disease of the newborn, although probably a larger proportion of the decline in neonatal deaths. During the period concerned, the most effective component in reducing losses was probably in the care of affected live-born infants and the primary preventive programme played only a minor part. Nevertheless, its effects are now discernible and it is likely to play a larger part in subsequent years. The quantification and monitoring of the part played by the preventive programme may require more developed information systems than are at present avilable. PMID- 824004 TI - Radiation doses to staff in a department of nuclear medicine. AB - A survey of data concerning radiation protection of staff working in the Nuclear Medicine Department and associated sections of the Physics Department at the Royal Marsden Hospital (Surrey Branch) is given for the period 1972 to 1975 inclusive. Results of routine film monitoring and whole-body counting are presented. Additional film monitors were used to check working areas, finger doses and any discrepancies between doses to the upper and lower trunk of personnel. In general, exposure to staff in the Nuclear Medicine Department is below 220 mrad per person per year, and below 1,000 mrad per person per year in the Radioisotope Dispensary. The dose received by radiographers is primarily due to spending time close to patients. Since about 5,000 intravenous injections of radionuclides are given each year in our department, the resulting finger doses to the staff involved may give rise to concern unless the task is shared. PMID- 824005 TI - High-energy apparatus for radiotherapy. A clinical review [proceedings]. PMID- 824006 TI - High-energy apparatus for radiotherapy. Apparatus, present and future [proceedings]. PMID- 824008 TI - Field shaping in electron beam therapy. AB - In the treatment of superficial lesions with 8-13 MeV electrons, lead shields are often used to protect the underlying tissue. Measurements were made with film and ion chamber to analyse various aspects of external and internal shielding in electron beam therapy. Data were obtained on the thickness of lead required for shielding, the effect of blocking on dose-rate, electron-backscattering from lead and X-ray contamination. Practical applications of a lead clay for shielding are discussed. PMID- 824007 TI - A comparison between combined neutron- and telecobalt-therapy with telecobalt therapy alone for cancer of the bronchus. AB - The difference in response of human tumours to high and low LET radiation has been investigated in a series of inoperable, histologically confirmed bronchial carcinomas. One hundred and forty-nine were treated with low LET radiation alone (60Co gamma rays) and 108 with a combination of gamma rays and fast neutrons of mean energy 6 MeV, one-fifth to one-third of the effective dose being from neutrons. The response was analysed by histological examination of the autopsy specimens. Tumour cell destruction was found to be significantly greater in the neutron-treated series. The two series were not strictly randomized but were closely similar to terms of tumour volume, histological grade and total treatment time. The sequence of treatments with neutrons and gamma rays (N-gamma, gamma-N, gamma-N -gamma) was found to have no influence on the results. PMID- 824009 TI - The pattern of communicable diseases in the UK and abroad. PMID- 824010 TI - Diabetic ketoalkalosis. PMID- 824011 TI - Medicolegal. Force-feeding in prison. PMID- 824012 TI - Shopping around. PMID- 824013 TI - Terminal ileitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. PMID- 824014 TI - A case of asthma. PMID- 824015 TI - Temporal neocortical afferent connections to the amygdala in the rhesus monkey. AB - The temporal neocortical afferent connections to the amygdala were investigated in the rhesus monkey using the silver impregnation and autoradiographic tracing methods. A large topographically organized projection to the amygdala was found to originate from the anterior superior temporal gyrus (area TA), the anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri (area TE), and the medial and lateral aspects of the temporal pole (area TG). These projections terminate in discrete adjacent regions of the lateral and basal amygdaloid nuclei. The temporal pole projection terminates in the ventral two thirds of the medial one half of the lateral nucleus and in the accessory basal nucleus, the anterior superior temporal gyrus projection terminates in the ventral two thirds of the lateral one half of the lateral nucleus, and the anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri projection terminates in the dorsal parts of the lateral and lateral basal nuclei. A projection from the perirhinal cortex to the medial basal nucleus of the amygdala is also discussed. Our findings reveal that a far greater proportion of the temporal neocortex than previously described contributes afferents to the amygdala, further strengthening the view that the amygdala occupies a key anatomical position linking the neocortex with diencephalic structures. PMID- 824016 TI - The catecholamine pontine cellular groups locus coeruleus, A4, subcoeruleus in the primate Cebus apella. AB - The distrubution of CA neurons of areas A6 and A4 was delineated in Cebus apella monkey using the fluorescent histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp. Cytospectroscopy was utilized for CA differentiation. The noradrenergic cellular regions A6, A4, and subcoeruleus have extensively increased in size in the Cebus as compared to the rat and appear to be separate nuclear regions. Area A4 is made up of two cellular subgroups: a more abundant lateral magnocellular area with cells as large as 45 mum and a smaller medial parvocellular group where the neurons are spindle-shaped and lie within 10-100 mum of the ependyma. The neuronal processes of A4 tend to be directed towards the flocculus and paraflocculus of the cerebellum. Some processes seem to enter the ependyma and others end subependymally. The functional significance of the pontine CA neurons is discussed. PMID- 824017 TI - Distortion of neuronal geometry and formation of aberrant synapses in neuronal storage disease. AB - Golgi and electron microscope studies of cortical neurons in several lysosomal storage diseases were carried out to elucidate structural features of the large neural processes (meganeurites) that develop as storage sites for accumulated undigestible substrates. Meganeurites occur preferentially in pyramidal neurons wherein they develop between the base of the perikaryon and the initial portion of the axon. They frequently give rise to secondary neurites which bear filopodium-like processes. Meganeurites may possess spines some of which are contacted by presynaptic processes containing synaptic vesicles. The extent of meganeurite development is related to the onset, severity and clinical course of neuronal storage disease. Extensive development of bizarre and pleomorphic meganeurites occurs in classical Tay-Sachs disease (infantile GM2-gangliosidosis, B variant), whereas a smaller proportion of neurons exhibits meganeurites in juvenile GM2-hangliosidosis and Hurler's disease. Meganeurites with spines and spine synapses were prominent in GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant. It is proposed that meganeurites and meganeurite synapses contribute to the onset and progression of neuronal dysfunction in storage diseases by altering electrical properties of the neuron and modifying integrative operations of somadendritic synaptic inputs. PMID- 824018 TI - Convulsions or flaccid paralysis induced by ruthenium red depending on route of administration. AB - Ruthenium red was administered to mice and cats intracranially or intraperitoneally. In mice, intracisternal administration produced status epilepticus and tonic convulsions. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration induced total flaccid paralysis lasting several hours. These effects of Ruthenium red were partially blocked by the simultaneous administration of CaCl2. EDTA, at doses much greater than those of Ruthenium red, produced effects similar to those of the dye, which were also blocked by CaCl2 administration. In cats, intraventricular or intrahippocampal administration of Ruthenium red through a permanently implanted cannula produced after a few minutes subclinical paroxysmal activity in all brain regions recorded. After several hours the animals developed typical grand mal seizures. Intraperitoneal injection of Ruthenium red to cats did not affect the EEG but markedly depressed muscular activity. Administration of carbachol to the latter animals produced myoclonic responses. These results are discussed in relation to the inhibitory effect of Ruthenium red on Ca2+ transport and binding to membranes, and to the role of this cation on neurotransmitter release. PMID- 824019 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of a projection from prefrontal association cortex to the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 824020 TI - Immunogenic properties of the glial fibrillary acidic protein. PMID- 824021 TI - The rubrospinal tract of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). PMID- 824022 TI - Convergence of prefrontal and acoustic inputs upon neurons in the superior temporal gyrus of the awake squirrel monkey. PMID- 824024 TI - Transport of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid by spinal cord during subarachnoid perfusion. AB - The transport of [14C]5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by the spinal cord was investigated with spinal subarachnoid perfusions of 20 rhesus monkeys. For spinal white matter, [14C]5-HIAA was found to distribute in a tissue space of 50 55% and to exchange readily between tissue and blood across parenchymal capillaries. The data were analyzed with a model of the spinal cord as a cylinder and a mean capillary transfer half-time of 20 min determined. The spinal cord cleared [14C]5-HIAA from 19 mul/min of CSF. Administration of probenecid yielded a somewhat lower mean tracer clearance rate (14 mul/min) but did not alter the capillary exchange half-time or the distribution volume of [14C]5-HIAA in the spinal cord. The data suggest that capillaries within spinal white matter transport 5-HIAA by a mechanism which is insensitive to inhibition by probenecid and that lumbar CSF concentrations reflect only a small portion of total 5-HIAA production by the central nervous system. PMID- 824023 TI - Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in frontal cortex of primate brain. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity (AC) of homogenates of monkey frontal cortex was stimulated by catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol), apomorphine, clonidine, NaF and GPP(NH)P. The increment in activity due to dopamine was enhanced in the presence of GPP(NH)P. The AC was also stimulated by 0.2-0.4 mM Ca2+ in the presence of 0.2 mM EGTA; at 0.8 mM Ca2+ had little or no influence on basal or NaF-stimulated activity. However, as Ca2+ concentration was increased from 0.2 to 0.8 mM stimulation by dopamine or GPP(NH)P was progressively inhibited. These results suggest a possible function of Ca2+ in modulating neurotransmitter stimulation of AC in the monkey frontal cortex. The AC exhibited higher sensitivity to dopamine than to norepinephrine or isoproterenol; however dopamine and norepinephrine caused the same maximum stimulation of the enzyme, a stimulation womewhat greater than that produced by isoproterenol. An additivity in stimulating AC was observed for dopamine and isoproterenol but not for dopamine and norepinephrine. Norepinephrine- or dopamine-stimulated AC was effectively blocked by fluphenazine and other dopamine receptor blocking agents (relative potency for blockade; fluphenazine, haloperidol greater than clozapine, thioridazine greater than pimozide) but not by propranolol, a beta-receptor blocker. In contrast, isoproterenol-stimulated AC was antagonized by propranolol or alprenolol but not by fluphenazine. On the basis of these results, at least two distinct receptors appear to be associated with AC of monkey frontal cortex: (1) a beta-receptor stimulated by isoproterenol and (2) a new type of dopamine or dopamine-norepinephrine receptor, stimulated by either dopamine or norepinephrine. This latter system differs from more typical dopamine receptors found in caudate, retina and limbic cortex in that (a) it is not stimulated by 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl) piperazine (S584); (b) it is stimulated significantly by the putative alpha-receptor agonist, clonidine; (c) it is more sensitive to blockade by clozapine than primate retina or caudate; also the sensitivity to haloperidol is greater than has been reported for non-primate caudate; (d) it is very sensitive to stimulation by norepinephrine and to blockade by phentolamine (an alpha-receptor blocker). PMID- 824025 TI - Descending projections from the marginal cell layer and other regions of the monkey spinal cord. PMID- 824026 TI - Behavioral effects of stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the stump tailed monkey Macaca arctoides. PMID- 824027 TI - Effects of protein malnutrition during development on protein synthesis in brain and peripheral tissues. AB - Rats born of mothers fed a low protein diet (8% casein versus a normal 25% casein diet) starting 5 weeks prior to mating showed a 50-100% increase in protein synthesis in the brain and kidney on the day of birth. This effect was due to a 50-100% increase in the uptake of IP injected 14C-leucine in the malnourished rats. The proportion of total tissue radioactivity in the trichloroacetic acid protein precipitates was the same in the 8% and 25% casein groups. For the most part, there were no significant diet related changes in uptake or incorporation of 14C-leucine in the brain, liver or kidney in the 8% and 25% casein groups on Days 5, 10-11 and 21. While the physiological basis of the diet related changes seen on the day of birth is unknown, the present data represent a previously undescribed effect of prenatal protein malnutrition. PMID- 824028 TI - Is prostaglandin fever mediated by the presynaptic release of hypothalamic 5-HT or norepinephrine? AB - An array of guide tubes to accommodate concentric push-pull cannulae was implanted chronically within the diencephalon of the rhesus or other species of macaque monkey which was accustomed to a primate chair. Colonic and skin temperatures were monitored continuously during each experiment in which a circumscribed site in the monkey's hypothalamus had been labelled by microinjection of 50-100 muCi serotonin (3H-5-HT) or 50-100 muCi or norepinephrine (3H-NE). Consecutive push-pull perfusions with an artificial CSF were carried out for 10 min at a rate of 50 mul/min at 20 min intervals. Under the control condition, a declining washout curve of radioactivity was obtained over 8-10 perfusions. Prostaglandin (PG) E1 in a concentration of 10-20 ng/min was added to the artificial CSF during the third and fifth successive perfusions. Nonlabelled PGE1 failed to exert a precise and consistent effect on the characteristic pattern of efflux of either tritiated 5-HT or NE from perfusion sites distributed widely throughout the hypothalamus and adjacent structures. However, in some experiments, an enhanced efflux of the indoleamine label did occur after the temperature had begun to rise following a perfusion with the PGE. In still other experiments, 15-20 muCi 3H-PGE1 was microinjected to label a perfusion site. Again the addition of either nonlabelled 5-HT or NE to the perfusion fluid produced an unreliable change or no alteration in the efflux of 3H-ge1 from sites in the anterior as well as other parts of the hypothalamus. These findings indicate that prostaglandin injected into the brain does not evoke hyperthemia by way of a pathological disturbance to the balance in the presynaptic release of 5-HT and NE within nerve endings in the rostral hypothalamus of the monkey. Conversely, neither 5-HT nor NE influences the prostaglandin activity within the hypothalamus, at least in so far as a functional change in the body temperature of the primate is concerned. PMID- 824029 TI - Biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing factor: effect of RNase treatment. AB - In the present study the role of RNA in the vitro biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) was investigated. The biosynthesis of TRF was assessed by measuring the ability of a 1000 g supernatant fraction of newt brain origin to incorporate (3H)proline into (3H)TRF. It was found that measurable amounts of (3H)TRF are synthesized by newt brain homogenates, that preincubation of these homogenates with protease-free RNase completely abolishes (3H)TRF synthesis, while preincubation of homogenates with inactivated RNase allows for (3H)TRF synthesis to proceed. These studies suggest that the presence of intact RNA is mandatory for TRF biosynthesis by newt brain homogenates. PMID- 824030 TI - Spinal projections from the nucleus locus coeruleus and nucleus subcoeruleus in the cat and monkey as demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The rostral pons of the cat and rhesus monkey were examined for the presence of labeled cells following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the lumbar spinal cord. Labeled cells were found in the ipsilateral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and in the contralateral ventrolateral pontine reticular formation. In both the cat and monkey, labeled cells were located in the nucleus locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, in or near the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, and in the ventral part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus. There is a striking similarity between the distribution of HRP-labeled cells in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum of the cat and monkey and that of catecholamine-containing cells observed in this area in previous studies. PMID- 824031 TI - The squirrel monkey entorhinal cortex: architecture and medial frontal afferents. AB - The cytoarchitecture of the periallocortex was studied in cresyl-violet-stained frontal and sagittal sections in six adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). The entorhinal area, located between the sulcus semiannularis and sulcus rhinalis in the rostral parahippocampal gyrus, has been divided into a caudal-medial Area 28a and rostral-lateral Area 28b. Of the six paleocortical laminae, Layer II is the most distinctive, for in 28a it consists of a deeply-stained, dense, continuous lamina and in 28b is interrupted into cell islands. Layer IV, lamina dissecans, is thick and irregular in 28b, thin and of uniform thickness in rostral 28a, and disappears in caudal 28a intransition to the isocortex of the more caudal parahippocampal gyrus. Further observations in Fink-Heimser silver material of fiber degeneration resulting from medial prefrontal ablations in these monkeys suggest that Areas 9 and 10 project to syperficial layers (Layer II) of 28a whereas the orbital probably projects to the deeper layers (Layer V) of 28b. The topography and laminar specificity of prefrontal-entorhinal connections may have important functional consequences in terms of hippocampal input. PMID- 824032 TI - [Contribution to the problem of circulation of diphtheric Corynebacteria in the population of Bratislava. II. Analysis of incidence of diphteric Corynebacteria and results of the study concerning their circulation in selected collective establishments (author's transl)]. PMID- 824033 TI - Sodium cromoglycate (intal) in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis. AB - Intal drops (sodium cromoglycate) relieved symptoms of vernal conjunctivitis in all the 19 patients we studied, reducing the need for steroids although the response varied. Intal was also effective in all 11 patients with acute or subacute seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, but in only 4 of 11 patients with mild chronic conjunctivitis associated with atopy. No side-effects were noted other than mild irritation in some cases. PMID- 824034 TI - Inhibition of pseudomonas strains in two soft contact lens soaking solutions. AB - Ten Pseudomonas aeruginosa and six Pseudomonas cepacia strains recently isolated from infected patients were tested for susceptibility to the antimicrobial activity of two commercially-available soft contact lens soaking solutions. No strain showed evidence of viability after two hours but survivors were found in both solutions after one-half hour and in one solution after one hour. The solution most effective in inhibiting the Pseudomonas strains contained chlorhexidine and disodium edetate but each solution was effective in reducing heavy inocula of both species within the times recommended by the manufacturers. PMID- 824035 TI - Forearm oscillation during cooling of the dentate mucleus in the monkey. AB - A study was made of oscillations in arm acceleration in monkeys performing a self paced manual step-tracking task. Power spectral density analyses of segments of arm acceleration data from normal monkeys containing both flexion and extension movements and intermovement holding periods showed three major peaks at 1-1.5 Hz, 3-5 Hz and 5-7 Hz. Cooling of the dentate nucleus produced a marked increase in the relative magnitude of the 3-5 Hz spectral band. The spectral peak in this frequency range was larger than the other two which were also present during cooling. Autocorrelation functions from long segments of data containing flexion and extension movements and intermovement holding periods showed regular periodic variations in both normal and cooled animals. This suggests that the ongoing oscillations were not changed in phase by the occurrence of the self-initiated arm movements. PMID- 824036 TI - Cocaine self-injection behaviour under schedules of delayed reinforcement in monkeys. AB - Rates of lever pressing, maintained either by response-dependent intravenous injections of cocaine (250 mug/kg per injection) or by food-pellet presentation, were compared and found to vary systematically as a function of the delay (5-100 s) imposed between the response(s) and the occurrence of reinforcement. The control of responding by two schedules of delayed reinforcement was studied. The first scedule permitted responses to occur during the delay period without any programmed consequence; the second schedule required a response, and then the elapse of x seconds without any additional response(s). At imposed delays of 50 and 100 s, response rates were reduced significantly when the second schedule was in effect by comparison with the first. The effect was observed when responding was maintained either by intravenous cocaine injections or by food-pellet presentation. Across all comparable conditions, response rates were higher when maintained by scheduled cocaine injections than by food pellets. Rate enhancement, generally induced by drugs of the psychomotor stimulant type, could account for the observed difference. PMID- 824037 TI - Inhibition of growth of N. gonorrhoeae by bacterial interference. AB - Observations made in our laboratory during the past 3 years showed that the growth of some Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures was inhibited in the presence of various bacterial contaminants of urogenital specimens. A total of 647 cultures confirmed as containing N. gonorrhoeae were examined in this study. The first part of the study was carried out on 520 N. gonorrhoeae cultures. Of these 520 cultures, 110 (21.1%) showed contamination on purity plates (GC medium, antibiotic-free). When further subcultured, 96 (87.3%) of the N. gonorrhoeae strains grew in pure culture, but 14 (12.7%) failed to grow. Subsequently, experiments were carried out on 127 pure N. gonorrhoeae cultures. The bacterial species that inhibited the growth of N. gonorrhoeae are listed in order of frequency: Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus group A, and Neisseria subflava. PMID- 824038 TI - Functional and structural differences between photosynthetic and heterotrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum ribosomes and S-100 fractions. AB - Cell-free, protein-synthesizing activity has been tested by using various combinations of the S-100 and ribosome fractions prepared from photosynthetic and heterotrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum. The photosynthetic ribosomes are highly active when combined with either the photosynthetic or the heterotrophic S-100 fractions, whereas the heterotrophic ribosomes are active only when combined with the photosynthetic S-100 fraction. Addition of a photosynthetic pigment containing fraction to the homologous heterotrophic system is, however, able to stimulate its activity. An inhibitor and an activator involved in cell-free protein synthesis have been isolated from the stationary heterotrophic cells. The inhibitor is a very small, dialyzable compound which inhibits not only the R. rubrum but also the E. coli protein-synthesizing activity in vitro, whereas the activator is a non-dialyzable, small RNA molecule capable of stimulating only the R. rubrum activity. Differences exist between the photosynthetic and the heterotrophic systems in their response to various chemical compounds and to light as well as in their structure. PMID- 824039 TI - Evidence for motility-related fimbriae in the gliding microorganism Myxococcus xanthus. AB - An electron-microscopic examination of negatively stained preparations from cell lysates of Myxococcus xanthus and in situ samples of Myxococcus xanthus, Myxococcus virescens, and Myxococcus fulvus has demonstrated the presence of polar fimbriae, about 8.5 nm in diameter, on motile but not nonmotile cells. PMID- 824040 TI - The isolation and characterization of gliding motility mutants of Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Nonmotile and motility-altered mutants of Myxococcus xanthus have been obtained by the use of chemical mutagens, ultraviolet irradiation, and a procedure for selective spontaneous mutants. As judged by their behaviour on a variety of growth media, in both plate and slide culture, the mutants were divided into four groups. One group contains mutants which are truly nonmotile. Myxococcus xanthus NM, previously described as a nonmotile mutant, may be similar to type 3 mutants (described in text). PMID- 824041 TI - [Phosphorus requirements of bacteria metabolizing hydrocarbons in the sea]. AB - The artificial stimulation of biological purification of sea-pollutant hydrocarbons requires phosphorus supply. The concentrations, corresponding to the optimal bacterial growth, depend, in particular on ionic strength. They range between 2 and 8 X 10(-4) M for waters in which the salinity is close to the mean salinity of an oceanic environment and between 1.5 and 3 X 10(-3) M when these waters receive a significant supply of freshwater or when salinity is naturally weak. Inhibition of bacterial development has been observed either with a microflora, or with pure strains for concentrations higher than the upper limits of concentrations so defined. PMID- 824042 TI - The effect of gravitational forces on the viability of spheroplasts of mycobacteria. AB - Spheroplasts of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were subjected to a wide range of centrifugal forces ranging from 583 g to 15 000 g after which their viability was determined by plating them on two types of media; one containing stabilizing agents and the other without them. Though there were minor fluctuations in the viable counts, there was no consistent decrease in their viability even in the absence of osmotic stabilizers. PMID- 824043 TI - ERA Strain rabies vaccine: oral vaccination of nonhuman primates. PMID- 824044 TI - Perianal rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. AB - The case of a child with a stage I perianal embryonal botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is presented, with description of coordinated management utilizing local excision, irradiation, and cyclic chemotherapy resulting in a 3-year tumor-free survival. Previously reported pediatric cases are summarized. PMID- 824045 TI - Oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy of mycosis fungoides. AB - The cutaneous manifestations of mycosis fungoides have been successfully treated in nine patients for 16 to 28 months with oral methoxsalen and subsequent irradiation with longwave ultraviolet light. The efficacy of this therapy was confirmed in one patient, who showed complete clearing of generalized plaques after 1 month (12 treatments) except for a shielded control area which worsened during this period. Methoxsalen photochemotherapy may prove a valuable addition to therapies currently available for mycosis fungoides and may obviate some of the problems associated with conventional management of this disorder. PMID- 824046 TI - Solitary meningeal plasmacytoma: Report of a case with electron microscopic and immunohistologic observations. AB - An unusual case of solitary extraskeletal plasmacytoma (SEP) arising from the meninges of the anterior fossa in a 58-year-old woman is presented. Despite an apparently complete surgical excision and 5000 rads to the tumor area given postoperatively, a recurrence ensued 5 years later. During the 5 years of clinical observation, repeated serum electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, bone surveys, and bone marrow aspirations have ruled out the presence of underlying multiple myeloma. Immunofluorescence studies of the recurrent tumor showed the neoplastic cells to be producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgA, kappa). Ultrastructural examination showed neoplastic plasma cells with marked nucleocytoplasmic asynchrony, frequent cytoplasmic electron-dense bodies, and rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated and filled with with electron-dense material. A critical evaluation of the eight cases of intracranial SEP published in the literature revealed that only three are well-documented examples of this tumor. PMID- 824047 TI - Elective whole lung irradiation in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. AB - Fifty-three patients with histologically confirmed osteogenic sarcoma of bone and no clinical evidence of pulmonary metastases were divided into two equivalent groups: one received elective pulmonary irradiation of 1500 rads administered to both lung fields, and the other acted as a control group. There were no significant differences in either survival probabilities or the interval between treatment and the development of pulmonary metastases. Therefore, elective whole lung irradiation so administered was not found to be of value as a prophylactic measure in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. There were no recognized untoward reactions to the pulmonary irradiation. PMID- 824048 TI - The developmental biology of induced malignant melanoma in guinea pigs and a comparison with other neoplastic systems. AB - Malignant melanoma has been induced in the Weiser-Maple guinea pig by prolonged application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The tumor shows a biphasic growth pattern analogous to the radial and vertical growth phase of human cutaneous malignant melanoma. It evolves through a predictable series of cellular events classified as intraepidermal melanocytic hyperplasia, dermal melanocytosis, dermal melanocytoma, malignant melanoma without intralesional transformation, and, finally, malignant melanoma with intralesional transformation, which is characterized by the appearance of "new kinds of cells" and is associated with widespread metastases and massive lymph node involvement. Clinically, the lesions evolve from diffuse hyper-pigmentation to brown-black macules, to nodules of increasing size, to overt malignant melanoma associated with metastases, wasting, and death. Examples of intralesional transformation analogous to that in guinea pigs are found not only in human malignant melanomas, but in other human neoplastic systems, and such analogous cellular events are discussed in this paper. PMID- 824049 TI - Isolation and partial purification of plasma membrane-associated antigens from human osteosarcoma (TE-85) cells in tissue culture. AB - The plasma membrane of a cloned line of TE-85 (human osteosarcoma) cells subcultured for the last 4 years was isolated. The isolation was by hypotonic swelling, cell homogenization, and discontinuous sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation for 16 hr. Tumor-specific water-soluble antigens were identified by limited papain digestion of the isolated plasma membrane. Fractionation by diethylamino-ethyl anion-exchange column chromatography yielded antigenic fractions that inhibited the reaction of immune serum (from an unrelated patient with osteosarcoma) with the plasma membrane of TE-85 cells in tissue culture by indirect immunofluorescence test. Microimmunodiffusion confirmed the specificity of the isolated antigen against the sera of other patients with osteosarcoma. The definition of the antigen fraction may permit evaluation of antigen-antibody interaction in tumor immunity. PMID- 824050 TI - Effects of high hoses of estrogen on prolactin-binding activity and growth of carcinogen-induced mammary cancers in rats. AB - Specific binding sites for prolactin (PRL) were present in membrane preparations from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. The specific binding of PRL was time and temperature dependent. A significant negative correlation was noted between administered doses of estrogen and the subsequent binding of PRL to tumor cell membranes. Injections of 10 or 25 mug estradiol benzoate daily for 10 days effectively inhibited mammary tumor growth and significantly reduced specific PRL binding to mammary tumor cell membranes. PMID- 824051 TI - Some approaches to cost benefit analysis and evaluation in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 824052 TI - [Toxicology of mesocain (author's transl)]. PMID- 824053 TI - [TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) test after pituitary operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 824054 TI - Hydroxyurea: use in determining the duration of G2 in Tetrahymena. AB - Observation of division of individual cells in microdrops, plus autoradiographic studies using tritiated thymidine and standard cell cycle analysis techniques, reveal that hydroxyurea (10 mM) reversibly arrests the normal progression of exponentially growing Tetrahymena pyriformis through the initial 92% of S-phase while not affecting cells in the terminal 8% and in G2 and division. Thus the fraction of the population of cells that is in G2 can be approximately determined by the fraction of the population able to divide in the presence of hydroxyurea. This fraction can be related to the approximate duration of G2 by calculations which compensate for the age gradient. PMID- 824055 TI - Small circular DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Covalently closed small circular DNA isolated from Drosophila melanogaster is described. The small circular DNA is found in blastema stage eggs and in Schneider's cell culture line 2 and a cloned subline of line 2. It is heterogeneous in size, although the size distributions and mean sizes differ for each source. The small circular DNA from Schneider's line 2 cells ranges from 0.09-7.3 mum, with a mean contour length of 1.1 mum. This DNA has a buoyant density of 1.703 g/cc and appears to be present predominantly in the nuclear fraction of detergent-disrupted cells. the restriction enzyme EcoRl cleaves approximately 40% of the small circular DNA with a bias toward the larger size classes. Both logarithmic and stationary phase cells contain approximately 3-40 average sized small circular DNA molecules per cell, representing a maximum of 0.03% of the total cellular DNA. Exposure to cycloheximide or puromycin for 14 hr results in a 30 fold increase in the number of small circles per cell, but reduces the mean length of the circular DNA to 0.3 mum. The drug-amplified DNA has a buoyant density in the range of 1.698-1.703 g/cc. No amplification was seen in cells treated with either inhibitor for 3.5 hr. Ethidium bromide, cytosine arabinoside, beta-ecdysone, and insulin all had no significant effect on the amount per cell of either small circular DNA or mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 824056 TI - Activation of guinea pig macrophages by cell walls of Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG. PMID- 824057 TI - Antigen responsiveness of an established human B-lymphoid cell line. II. Loss of Candida antigen responsiveness following exposure of cells to specific anti-human immunoglobulin antisera. PMID- 824058 TI - [Microbial flora of varicose extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 824059 TI - [Current problems with mammal tyrosinase]. PMID- 824060 TI - The problem of optimal amounts of parenterally administered fluids in the early postnatal period. PMID- 824061 TI - Administration of amino acids in the neonatal period. PMID- 824062 TI - Studies on the surface anesthetic activity of bufadienolides isolated from ch' an su. PMID- 824063 TI - The role of arterial baroreceptors in the regulation of arterial pressure in conscious dogs. AB - To elucidate the role of arterial baroreceptors in the acute regulation of arterial pressure in the conscious animal, arterial pressure was lowered and raised in intact, conscious dogs, and in dogs after bilateral section of both carotid sinus and aortic nerves (total arterial baroreceptor denervation, TABD). Pressure was altered by intravenous bolus injections and continuous infusions of nitroglycerin and methoxamine and also by hemorrhage. TABD resulted in a change in peak mean arterial pressure 2-4 times as great as that seen in intact dogs following injection of nitroglycerin or methoxamine. However, when the time taken for the arterial pressure disturbance to return to control levels, as well as the absolute change in arterial pressure, was considered (the pressure-time product), responses of dogs with TABD were far greater for nitroglycerin (7-9 times that seen in intact dogs) and methoxamine (11-15 times). Arterial pressure responses of dogs with selective section of the carotid sinus nerves were intermediate but closer to those of intact dogs than to dogs with TABD. With infusion of drugs or following hemorrhage, responses of mean arterial pressure were 3- to 5-fold greater in dogs with TABD than in intact dogs, indicating that the static open loop gain of the arterial baroreceptor system ranged from 2 to 4. PMID- 824064 TI - Reduction of ischemic injury by sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) on myocardial ischemic injury was evaluated in eleven patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Precordial 35-lead ST-segment maps were obtained in each patient immediately before and 3-10 minutes after 0.4 mg sublingual NTG. The following measurements were made from each ST map: N-ST (number of leads showing ST elevation greater than 1mm), sigmaST (total ST elevation in all leads), ST (average ST-segment elevation in those leads with less than 1mm elevation). Following 0.4 mg sublingual NTG evidence of myocardial ischemic injury as assessed by ST-segment mapping decreased in association with reduction of heart rate X systolic blood pressure product (10.80 X 10(3) to 9.49 X 10(3), P less than 0.001). Group mean values diminished significantly for N-ST (18.1 to 14.4, P less than 0.001), sigma ST (37.9 to 30.1 P less than 0.005) and ST (1.7 to 1.4, P less than 0.001). Evaluation performed by the technique of precordial ST-segment mapping suggests that sublingual nitroglycerin in a commonly employed clinical dose is associated with evidence of reduced ischemic cardiac injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This effect appears to be related to reduction of myocardial oxygen demand by the nitrate. PMID- 824065 TI - Comparison between the effects of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction. AB - This clinical and experimental investigation was designed to delineate and compare the relative effects of sodium nitroprusside (NP) and nitroglycerin (TNG) on electrocardiographic ischemic injury following acute myocardial infarction in patients and following coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Accordingly, in ten patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation stable for 60 min, the effects of NP (average 95 mug/min i.v.) and TNG (average 0.48 mg sublingually) were studied. The hemodynamic actions of NP and TNG were directionally similar. However, NP increased average ST-segment elevation (ST) by 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm, while TNG reduced ST by 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm. In order to clarify this disparity, coronary artery occlusions were carried out in 14 open-chest dogs. During control, NP and TNG time periods, epicardial electrograms were recorded and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) determined by the microsphere technique. Nitropruside increased ST-segment elevation from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 5.7 +/ 0.6 mV (P less than 0.05) and reduced RMBF from 35 +/- 3 to 27 +/- 2 ml/min/100 g (P less than 0.01) in the ischemic zones. In contrast, TNG reduced ST-segment elevation from 4.9 +/- 0.7 to 3.0 +/- 0.7 mV (P less than 0.05), while increasing RMBF TO 43 +/0 4 ml/min/100 G (P less than 0.05) and the endo/epicardial ratio from 0.57 +/- 0.06 to 0.69 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.01). Although TNG and NP exhibit similar hemodynamic effects, TNG reduced electrocardiographic ischemic injury, at least in part, by increasing perfusion of the ischemic areas and redistributing it favorably, while NP increased electrocardiographic ischemic injury, at least in part, by reducing perfusion. Therefore, TNG seems preferable to NP for reducing preload and afterload in patients during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 824066 TI - Cardiac valvular anomalies in Fabry disease. Clinical, morphologic, and biochemical studies. AB - The cardiovascular abnormalities were investigated in two unrelated hemizygous males with Fabry disease who had clinical mitral insufficiency. Postmortem examination of their hearts revelaed anatomic, ultrastructural and biochemical abnormalities resulting from defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha galactosidase A. The ultrastructural and biochemical studies demonstrated the marked accumulation of the major glycosphingolipd substrate, trihexosyl ceramide, in the lyosomes of all the cardiac tissues examined; the greatest concentrations were found in the mitral valve and elft ventricular myocardium. Intriguingly, digalactosyl ceramide, a glycosphingolipid substrate not detectable in normal lung, vessel or cardiac tissues, was found increased only in the lung and right heart tissues. Morphologic and chemical examination of cardiac and systemic vessels demonstrated accumulation of trihexosyl ceramide in lysosomes of the vascular endothelium. These studies demonstrate that the progressive accumulation of trihexosyl ceramide in the lysosomes of the cardiac structures and vascular system leads to the multiple cardiovascular manfiestation of Fabry disease. PMID- 824067 TI - Allergens of mammalian origin V. Properties of extracts derived from the domestic cat. AB - Eight commercial cat dander extracts and two pelt extracts derived from mongrel and Siamese cats were compared. Cat allergn 1 and cat albumin were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Allergenic activity was evaluated by prick test and a modified radioallergosorbent test. In the latter, the dilution of each extract that produced 50% inhibition of binding of IgE antibodies to insolubilized cat allergen 1 (RAST 1) and insolubilized cat serum (RAST 2) was determind. The total non-dialysable solid content of the extracts did not correlate with any other parameter. Cat allergen 1 content determined by radial immunodiffusion correlated with average prick test results in ten cat-sensitive subjects and with RAST 1 activity. Cat albumin content correlated weakly with RAST 2 activity but not with any other measure of allergenic activity. Absorption of each extract with the gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit antiserum to cat allergen 1 significantly reduced prick test reactivity and RAST 1 activity, but not RAST 2 activity. These results indicate that cat allergen 1 is an important allergen in cat dander extracts and its measurement may be used to standardize the allergenic activity of such extracts. PMID- 824069 TI - The inhibition of allergen induced bronchospasm in man by oral BRL 10833. AB - BRL 10833, a nitroindanedione, with DSCG like activity in rat immediate type hypersensitivity, shows good absorption after oral intake in man. The ingestion of 2 and 10 mg BRL 10833/kg body weight provides protection against the immediate type allergen induced bronchoconstriction in patients with bronchial asthma. These results confirm the activity of the drug shown by inhalation. PMID- 824068 TI - The protective effect of inhaled BRL 10833 on allergen induced bronchospasm. AB - BRL 10833, a nitroindanedione, with similar inhibitory activities to DSCG on the immediate type IgE mediated hypersensitivity in the rat, has been shown, when inhaled in a dose of 40 mg, to protect against allergen induced bronchospasm. A significant protective effect of BRL 10833 on the immediate bronchial reaction was seen in five out of ten patients. A single inhalation of 40 mg BRL 10833 seems also to have some protective effect on the late bronchial reaction, following an immediate reaction. PMID- 824070 TI - Pictorial reporting of multiple thyroid function results. AB - Clinicians experience difficulty in correctly interpreting the results of in vitro thyroid function tests in the presence of abnormalities of thyrobinding proteins or when results are borderline. This difficulty has been largely resolved in our laboratory by three innovations. First, the borderline areas for each of three routine tests of thyroid function (total thyroxine, thyrobinding index, and free thyroxine index) were accurately determined. Second, the results from this routine profile of three tests were displayed pictorially so as to produce patterns characteristic of various diagnostic situations, including euthyroidism in the presence of abnormalities of thyrobinding proteins. Third, interpretive comments and, in the case of borderline patterns, suggested further testing procedures were added to the report. Clinicians find the reporting system helpful and respond when additional tests are suggested. The system, operated manually at first, was later computerized. PMID- 824071 TI - Simple modifications of three routine in vitro tests of thyroid function. AB - Semi-automation of equipment and simple modifications of technique reduced the work load without loss of diagnostic accuracy for three commonly used in vitro tests of thyroid function (total thyroxine, thyrobinding index, and free thyroxine index). Major innovations were the use of serum standards for all tests and having each duplicate for tests performed by a different technician. Attention is drawn to the false-positive and false-negative errors that occur when the 95% euthyroid limits is the sole reference range used. PMID- 824072 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated cholic acid. AB - A radioimmunoassay for serum conjugated cholic acid is described using antiserum obtained five weeks after immunization of rabbits with cholic acid bovine serum albumin conjugate. Prior to the radioimmunoassay, extraction of bile acids was performed with Amberlite XAD-2. The displacement curve of glyco[3H]cholic acid was linear on a logit-log plot from 5 to 80 pmol of unlabelled glycocholic acid. Values for 8 normal fasting subjects ranged from 0.18 to 1.25 mumol/1. In 31 fasting subjects with or without liver disease serum values of conjugated cholic acid are related to serum bilirubin. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may influence serum levels of conjugated cholic acid. PMID- 824073 TI - alpha1-Antitrypsin with unusual behaviour. PMID- 824074 TI - Determination of fetal hemoglobin in various age groups by the immunological method of Kohn and Payne. PMID- 824076 TI - [Studies of the mechanism of LH release induced by LH-RH in the baboon]. PMID- 824075 TI - Psoralene and melanogenesis in relation to vitiligo. PMID- 824077 TI - [Studies of target cells by chronic administration of LH-RH and TRH, with special reference to the changes of TSH, LH and FSH levels in the pituitary gland and blood]. PMID- 824078 TI - Zinc depletion syndrome with acrodermatitis during longterm intravenous feeding. PMID- 824079 TI - Whole body monitoring and other studies of zinc-65 metabolism in patients with dermatological diseases. PMID- 824081 TI - Assessment of a B-cell function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 824082 TI - Immune aspects of pernicious anaemia and atrophic gastritis. PMID- 824080 TI - Renal blood flow in obstructive jaundice: an experimental study in baboons. AB - 1. The distribution of intrarenal blood flow has been measured using the 133Xe washout technique in thirteen baboons 2 weeks after ligation of the common bile duct. 2. In comparison with eight sham-operated baboons, there was a signifigant decrease in the percentage distribution of blood to the cortex, although the rate of flow was unchanged. These changes were accompanied by a significantly increased flow rate and percentage distribution of flow through the juxtameduallary circulation. 3. In a further five baboons treated in the same way, various doses of noradrenaline were infused into the renal artery. In these animals there was an enhanced pressor response to noradrenaline, and this effect was completely abolished by an alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine). The beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug (propranolol) had no such effect. 4. This enhanced response was not seen when noradrenaline was infused into three sham-operated baboons. 5. These observations suggest that the alterations in renal perfusion in obstructive jaundice may be due to an increase renovascular sensitivity to circulating catecholamines and an enhanced alpha adrenoceptor activity. PMID- 824083 TI - The serum vitamin B12 level: its assay and significance. AB - 1. Low serum B12 levels can be measured with considerable precision by microbiological assay with the Euglena gracilis assay and B12 deficiency can be recognised with a high level of consistency by either the Euglena or L. leichmannii assays. Either method is ideally suited for the assay of large numbers of specimens. The Lactobacillus leichmanii technique requires preliminary extraction of protein and it has been suggested that this may be a source of inaccuracy. 2. The radioisotope dilution assay should be the ideal method of measuring B12 levels in small or moderate numbers of specimens for it is a simple method that can be carried out in any laboratory with suitable counting equipment. After many false starts the conditions required for accurate assay are now understood. Each of 40 to 50 radioisotopic dilution techniques that have been introduced claims to be capable of differentiating B12 deficiency from control subjects but the reported correlations between the actual levels found in the two different assays are variable and the levels may be much higher with some radioisotopic methods. 3. The subnormal serum levels which are found in pernicious anaemia with all these techniques indicate severe reduction of the liver B12 level. A low serum B12 level in other conditions has, in the absence of associated folate or iron deficiency, the same significance. If the fall in the serum B12 level is associated with folate or iron deficiency, the tissue B12 levels are usually reduced but not to the low levels found in B12 deficiency states. 4. In practice, a subnormal B12 level is a valuable pointer not only to unsuspected pernicious anaemia but also to other gastrointestinal or nutritional disorders. The significance of a fall in the B12 level can only be understood if its cause is defined by a full clinical and gastroenterological investigation. 5. Falsely low serum B12 levels are found under certain iatrogenic conditions and B12 levels may be normal in spite of cellular deficiency of B12 under the rare circumstances of pernicious anaemia being associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia or when there is deficiency of TC 2. PMID- 824084 TI - Folate composition, synthesis and function in natural materials. PMID- 824085 TI - Pathophysiology of cerebral infarction. AB - Evidence available at present from animal studies indicates that the flow of blood can be restored to ischemic zones in the brain as long as 24 hours after the onset of ischemia, and that such reperfusion could result in the restoration of function of neurons that have not been functioning during the period of ischemia. However, reperfusion also can cause worsening of ischemic cerebral edema resulting in increased neurological disability or death. Adequate measures for control of cerebral edema will be necessary if surgical intervention is to become an effective therapy for acute ischemic cerebral infarcts. PMID- 824086 TI - Etidronate disodium in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Calcium-balance, calcium-kinetic, and physiologic observations were made in 10 osteoporotic patients treated for 6 to 12 mo with disodium etidronate (EHDP) in oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day. Absorption of EHDP averaged 10%, and effective retained dose was approximately 1.6 mg/kg/day. Patient acceptance was excellent, and there were no detectable clinical or biochemical untoward effects of treatment. Serum phosphorus was elevated on average of 1.1 mg/100 ml, and serum calcium, 0.4 mg/100 ml. EHDP reduced bone resorption by about 50% and depressed bone mineralization by almost as much. Both the total miscible calcium pool and its component compartments were smaller on EHDP, presumably because of a combination of interference with bone mineral reactivity and the decrease in mineralization rate. Urine calcium was increased by a small, but highly significant, amount, and gastrointestinal calcium absorption was also significantly increased. Calcium balance shifted slightly but significantly in the positive direction. The magnitude of these changes correlated with the urinary level of EHDP. PMID- 824087 TI - A preliminary study in treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by whole-body irradiation. AB - Seven cases of generalised non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma and reticulum cell sarcoma) were treated by whole-body irradiation as a preliminary study in this centre. Historical background, rationale, treatment technique, and results of such treatment are discussed in this paper. All patients responded, two completely, and five partially. A multicentre clinical trial is recommended to evaluate the results of whole-body irradiation in comparison with chemotherapy in generalised non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 824088 TI - The behavioral pharmacology of phencyclidine. PMID- 824089 TI - Polyarthralgia and polyarthritis. PMID- 824090 TI - Treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 824091 TI - Pancreatic islet cell transplantation and diabetes therapy. PMID- 824092 TI - Red cell carbonic anhydrase levels in flounders, Platichthys flesus L., from salt water and fresh water. PMID- 824093 TI - Precipitation reactions of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) phytohemagglutinin isolectins. PMID- 824094 TI - Comparative studies on the activity and polymorphism of enzymes in the semen of farm animals and birds--I. Electrophoretic investigation into the non-specific esterases in bull seminal plasma. PMID- 824095 TI - The depressive illnesses: a research overview. PMID- 824096 TI - Influences of copper and design of intrauterine devices on endometrial bleeding in monkeys. PMID- 824097 TI - Plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), estradiol and progesterone in the rhesus monkey after intramuscular adminstration of Depo-Provera. PMID- 824098 TI - A study of roles in the Arashiyama West troop of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata). PMID- 824099 TI - Assignment of the nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) gene locus to region 14pter leads to 14q21. PMID- 824100 TI - The study of human immunoglobulins in hybrid cells: tentative assignment of the genes responsible for human heavy chain immunoglobulin production to chromosome 2. PMID- 824101 TI - Nitroglycerin and ventricular performance. Differential effect in the presence of reversible and irreversible asynergy. AB - The effect of nitroglycerin administration on left venticular performance relative to its ability to improve contraction of asynergic zones was examined in 66 patients with coronary artery disease, divided into those whose asynergic zones responded following nitroglycerin administration and those in whom no response was observed. In the responsive group with asynergy of more than one segment, the ejection fraction improved (P less than 0.001), while in the unresponsive group, it decreased (P less than 0.05). Similarly, in patients with one-segment asynergy, the responsive group exhibited a significant increase in ejection fraction P less than 0.001), while the unresponsive group showed no change. The stroke volume index remained unchanged in the responsive group with asynergy of more than one segment, while it decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the unresponsive patients. Left ventricular pressures and volumes changed to a similar degree after nitroglycerin administration in all of the patients, regardless of the responsiveness of asynergic zones. It is concluded that nitroglycerin administration results in a differential effect on total left ventricular performance depending on the responsiveness of asynergic zones. PMID- 824102 TI - The management of massive hemoptysis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 824103 TI - Light-chain proteinuria and reversible renal failure in rifampin-treated patients with tuberculosis. PMID- 824104 TI - Acute adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with gonococcal septicemia. AB - A case of gonococcal septicemia with monoarticular arthritis and adult respiratory distress syndrome is presented. Prompt treatment of the infection and early treatment for the adult respiratory distress syndrome prior to the full development of the syndrome appeared to ameliorate the course of illness to the extent that intubation and mechanical ventilation were not required. The patient was successfully traeted in a community hospital with a relatively short course of therapy and full recovery. PMID- 824105 TI - [Xenotransplantation of fetal endocrine pancreatic tissue. Its efficacy in the treatment of experimental diabetes]. PMID- 824106 TI - A cytological study of micronuclear elongation during conjugation in Tetrahymena. AB - Micronuclear elongation is the first major event in a series of nuclear changes occurring during the sexual stage of the life cycle of Tetrahymena. Beginning at about one hour after cells of complementary mating types have conjugated, the micronucleus leaves its recess in the macronucleus and swells slightly. This is accompanied by a reorganization of its chromatin from a reticular to a solid body. In the next stage the micronucleus assumes an egg shape, a development concomitant with the appearance of microtubules. While the chromatin "spins out" from the dense body, and microtubules increase in number, the nucleus assumes a spindle shape. During the elongation, which increases the length of the nucleus some fifty fold, microtubules are prominent in clusters just internal to the nuclear membrane, and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nucleus. When elongation is completed the nucleus is curved around the macronucleus. Internally, partially condensed strands of chromatin are located off-center, towards the macronuclear side, and the density of the microtubules is diminished. At all the stages, DNA is located throughout the nucleus; neither discrete chromosomes nor synaptonemal complexes are seen. Occasionally cytoplasmic membrane systems are seen fused to the nuclear envelope which retains the typical appearance of a double membrane with pores. PMID- 824107 TI - Ectopic pairing and evolution of 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the chromosomes of Drosophila funebris. AB - 5S ribosomal RNA from Drosophila melanogaster labeled with 125I was used to locate the 5S rRNA genes in chromosomes of D. funebris by means of in situ hybridization. Silver grains were observed at three distinct sites, one of which was a recognized reverse repeat. Only one half of the reverse repeat, however, hybridizes with 5S rRNA and the significance of this phenomenon is discussed. A case of ectopic pairing between two different 5S sites in the genome is reported, and the significance of ectopic pairing is considered. PMID- 824109 TI - Parenteral nutrition as primary or adjunctive treatment. PMID- 824108 TI - Evolution of 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the chromosomes of the virilis group of Drosophila. AB - Drosophila melanogaster 5S ribosomal RNA labeled with 125I was used as an in situ hybridization probe to localize complementary sequences in chromosomes of species in the Drosophila virilis group. Whereas virilis, the ancestral species, has two different 5S gene loci, the derived species show only one of these loci; in the two lines that have evolved from virilis it is the opposite locus that is conserved. The possible events leading to such an arrangement are discussed. PMID- 824111 TI - "Mutant" neuron. Electrophysiological analysis". PMID- 824112 TI - [Use of Eco Ri restrictase for identifying closely related microorganisms]. PMID- 824110 TI - Hyperalimentation in the management of chronic inflammatory intestinal disease. PMID- 824113 TI - [Preparation of molecules combining phage lambda and Bacillus subtilis DNAs by the sticky end addition method]. PMID- 824114 TI - New insulin regimens for severe diabetic ketosis. PMID- 824115 TI - [Haemolytic disease of the new-born by blood-factor incompatibility other than Rh(d) and ABO (author's transl)]. AB - Rare forms of incompatibility were observed over a period of 20 years in 41 (2%) of 2088 new-borns with haemolytic disease. Antibodies involved were anti-c (n = 27), anti-E (n = 6) and anti-K (n = 4), as well as one case each of anti-E + Fya, -C, -Fya and -Jka. Amniotic fluid was examined during pregnancy in nine cases, three children were given intra-uterine infusions, while in the remainder the haemolytic process was mild or only moderately severe. One infant died of toxoplasmosis, another one of immaturity and respiratory distress syndrome. Kernicterus was always prevented. In haemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-c and anti-E, prenatal damage is markedly rarer than with D erythroblastosis, but must be considered during the pregnancy. In anti-K haemolytic disease the severity of the disease is similar to that of D erythroblastosis. All three incompatibilities may lead to kernicterus in the first few days after birth so that exchange transfusions are often necessary. In most of the other incompatibilities the course is similar to that seen with ABO erythroblastosis. PMID- 824117 TI - Treatment of bacterial endocarditis 1976. PMID- 824119 TI - [Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry's disease)]. PMID- 824118 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in the elderly]. PMID- 824116 TI - Pimozide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses in psychiatry. AB - Pimozide 1-(1-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-peperidinyl)-2-benzimidazolone, is the first of a new series of psychotropic drugs, the kiphenylbutylpiperidines. It is advocated for once-daily use as maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenia and for the treatment of psychic and functional disorders induced by personality traits. Published data suggest that in chronic schizophrenia, pimozide 4 to 6mg daily is indistinguishable from maintenance doses of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, flupenthixol, perphenazine, or thioidazine. Patient groups have usually been to small to allow statistically significant differences to be apparent, but in some trials pimozide was significantly superior to trifluoperzine and to haloperidol. On present evidence, pimozide has no place in the hyperactive, aggressive type of patient or in treating the acute phase of schizophrenia, probably because of its relative lack of sedative properties compared with many antipsychotic drugs. The incidence and severity of extrapyramidal reactions with pimozide are low, but suitably designed controlled studies are needed to determine whether its use leads to a reduction in the requirement for antiparkinsonian medication. In anxious patients, pimozide seems to offer no advantages over currently available anxiolytic agents, either in terms of efficacy or incidence of side-effects. Claims for a specific effect against anxiety associated with psychosis or disturbed personality traits remain unproven. PMID- 824120 TI - TRH induced thyroxine release from thyroid: its prevention by thyroxine influenced by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. AB - Male rats of a final weight 350-400 g were fed low iodine diet for 4 weeks and injected radioiodide for 6 days prior to the experiment. They were anesthetized with pentobarbiturate and external arteriovenous shunt was made with the aid of thin polyethylene tubing to collect frequent blood samples while maintaining isovolemia as previously described. The injection of 20 mug synthetic TRH into carotic artery in rostral direction resulted in an increase of plasma thyroxine radioactivity showing a maximum at 120 min after the injection. This increase was prevented with the aid of i.v. injection 20 mug L-thyroxine at 20-180 min before TRH administration. Moreover, the preventive effect of thyroxine was completely blocked by the i.v. injection of actinomycin D (0.8 mg/kg) 60 min before thyroxine, while the administration of cycloheximide (4 mg/kg), at the same time, was without effect. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be further elucidated. PMID- 824121 TI - In vivo and in vitro conjugation and metabolism of estrogens by the baboon kidney. AB - Labeled estrogen was injected into one of the renal arteries of baboons and urine was collected separately from each ureter via ureterostomy at various time intervals over a period of 7 h; the urinary metabolites were analyzed by DEAE Sephadex chromatography and enzyme hydrolyses. Identification of the aglycones was made by TLC and co-crystallization upon admixture with authentic compounds. When [3H]estradiol-17beta (E2) was injected into one of the renal arteries, the major metabolites were [3H]E2-3-glucosiduronate (E2-3G) and [3H]estrone-3 glucosiduronate (E1-3G); [3H]E2-3G was excreted predominantly into the urine from the injected side during the initial 30 min after injection. Formation of [3H]E1 3G was not detectable for the first 5 min in the urine from either side. However, its excretion gradually increased and the amount was almost equal from both sides in the later hours of collection. Injection of [3H]E1 revealed ready conjugation (as E1-3G) by the kidney without significant reduction at position-17. When E2 3G, labeled with 3H at positions 6,7 and with 14C in the glucuronic moiety, was injected, it was quickly excreted in the urine of the injected side. The ratio of 3H/14C of E2-3G excreted in the urine was the same as that of the injected E2-3G. In the later periods, E1-3G, which had a slightly increased 3H/14C ratio, appeared in the urine. These results indicate that E2 and E1 are conjugated directly in the kidney to form the 3G which is excreted into the urine and that effective dehydrogenation or reduction of the steroids in vivo does not take place in the kidney. The results also show that conjugated E2 (E2-3G) is quickly excreted by the kidney of the baboon without any change in its form and that the E2-3G is dehydrogenated to E1-3G during its general circulation without significant prior removal of the glucuronic moiety. When [3H]estriol (E3) was injected, facile glucuronidation to E3-16G by the kidney was shown. Injection of an equimolar mixture of [14C]E3 and [3H]E2 showed rapid excretion of [14C]E3-16G as opposed to the slower excretion of [3H]E2-3G. These results suggested that the active sites of these conjugating enzyme systems in the kidney may be different. PMID- 824122 TI - The effect of TRH on the anterior pituitary adenylate-cyclase activity of rat. AB - Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone was found to stimulate rat anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase activity. In the presence of guanosine triphosphate, no further stimulation was recorded; guanosine triphosphate alone also increased the adenylate cyclase activity. Prostaglandin E1 was found to stimulate a basal enzyme activity and this effect was significantly enhanced by guanosine triphosphate. It appears that guanosine triphosphate could be a modulator of adenylate cyclase activity in rat anterior pituitary in response to PGE1 but not to TRH. PMID- 824123 TI - Visual and auditory evoked responses during penicillin-induced generalized spike and-wave activity in cats. AB - In 13 healthy adult cats chronically implanted with parasagittal electrodes applied to the dural surface, curarization was performed and baseline recordings of the visual evoked response (VER), auditory evoked response (AER), and brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) were made. Following the procedure of Prince and Farrell (1969), the animals were then given intramuscular doses of 300,000 to 500,000 U/kg of penicillin with the subsequent development of diffuse, bilaterally symmetrical, photosensitive spike-and-wave discharges in the EEG from 1 to 1 1/2 hr later and concomitant facial myoclonus, arrest of movement, and "absence-like" staring in non-curarized animals. The VER, AER, and BAER were monitored at 15-min intervals for several hours during which time the VER consistently decreased in amplitude up to the time at which the first spike-and wave bursts could be elicited by photic stimulation, approximately 1 hr after injection, after which all early components (0-200 msec) of the VER were progressively increased from 150 to 300% until spontaneous spike-and-wave bursts were consistently recorded (1 1/2-2 hr). Coincident with this change, a marked increase in late components (200-500 msec) was also observed. Both th early diminution and later augmentation of the VER were equally observable in visual and nonvisual cortex. Changes in the AER were also recorded with the development of this model, and were similar to those of the VER but of a lesser degree. The amplitudes of waves I through V of the BAER were found to increase from 28 to 88% maximal at 1 1/2 hr following penicillin injection. These data and the similarity of this model to human petit mal epilepsy argue against increased inhibitory impulses to the visual system during the ictal discharge being responsible for the subjective loss of visual information during petit mal absence. If the amplitude of the evoked response is directly related to the functional integrity of a sensory system, this suggests that the impairment of sensory input, or absence, during spike-and-wave paroxysm is due to interference with sensory processing rostral to the brainstem ascending auditory pathway, and probably does not occur in primary sensory cortex but rather in cortical or subcortical association tracts. PMID- 824124 TI - Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy. A clinical long-term follow-up study. AB - Sixty-eight patients with various types of epileptic seizures have been treated with clonazepam (Rivotril). Fifty-four patients could be evaluated. In 44 patients, clonazepam was used as a supplement to insufficient previous medication. Ten patients received clonazepam alone. The mean duration of treatment was 2 years and 7 months. Thirty-three patients are still on clonazepam, with a mean duration of treatment of 3 years and 4 months. In 34 patients (63%) a reduction of more than 50% was seen in the seizure frequency of the only type suffered by a patient, or of one of several types. No significant decrease in antiepileptic potency with time was observed. Medication was withdrawn in a total of 21 of the 54 patients because of freedom from seizures (2 patients), lack of effect (7 patients), increased frequency of seizures (3 patients), or lack of cooperation and/or side-effects (3 patients). In 5 patients, the drug may have provoked new types of epileptic seizure. This long term follow-up study seems to substantiate the favorable antiepileptic properties of clonazepam. PMID- 824125 TI - Computerized transverse axial tomography in epilepsy. AB - Computerized transverse axial tomography (CTAT) of the brain has been used routinely, as well as the EEG, to study patients with epilepsy. In patients with the various electro-clinical types of epilepsy -- primary, secondary, and partial -- it gave accurate information about the frequency, topography, and severity of morphological abnormalities. In the various types of organic lesion -- tumor, posttraumatic, postischemic, postinfectious, etc. -- it markedly increased the ability to establish etiology. Especially notable was the finding of (1) tumor in 16% of patients over 20 years of age, and (2) the determination of a type of pathology that has received little attention -- postischemic occipital porencephaly probably due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery, either at birth or in early infancy. PMID- 824126 TI - Human factors in health care. PMID- 824127 TI - Protein-energy malnutrition - a review. PMID- 824128 TI - Immunogenicity and concanavalin A agglutinability in transplantable mouse lymphosarcoma and human leukemia. PMID- 824129 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy chain mRNA in mitogen-stimulated B cells. AB - This paper relates the synthesis of DNA, immunoglobulin and heavy chain (H) mRNA in murine spleen cells following activation of B cells with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS). Spleen cells (CBA/H mice) were cultivated with 10% FCS and 10 mug LPS/ml. 4 h pulses with [3H]thymidine showed that DNA synthesis was stimulated within the first day following LPS activation and exhibited a sharp peak at 24 h. The shape of the DNA synthesis curve suggests that the cells susceptible to LPS stimulation are activated in a synchronous manner. Stimulation of H-chain mRNA (H-mRNA) synthesis proceeded rapidly (within 6 h of LPS addition) and peaked around 24 h, in parallel to DNA synthesis. The H-mRNA was isolated and quantitated by making use of its interaction with IgG[1, 2]. The actual level of H-mRNA in the culture increased threefold during the first 24 h and then doubled within the next 48 h. Estimates of the actual number of H-mRNA were approximately 200 molecules H-m-RNA/cell on day 0 rising to 1800/cell on day 3. In such a mixed cell population these figures will be accurate only within a factor of 2-3 (at least 35% B cells in spleen cell suspensions at the commencement of the culture, with up to 35-60% of plasma blasts by day 3 and 4 of LPS treatment). Translation of the lymphoid cell mRNA in oocytes from Xenopus laevis demonstrated that stimulation of H-mRNA synthesis was restricted to mu-mRNA, although some gamma mRNA was present in the original spleen cells. High levels of synthesis of immunoglobulin followed after a lag period of about 24 h following LPS addition peaking after 48 and 72 h; the proportional Ig production relative to total protein synthesis reached 26% on days 3 and 4. Stimulation of Ig production was limited to IgM. Rapid stimulation of mitosis and H-mRNA synthesis thus precedes the maximum synthesis of Ig molecules, suggesting a translational block on H-mRNA during cell maturation. There was no apparent block on the transport of H-mRNA from the nucleus during early stages of activation. PMID- 824131 TI - Expression of a mouse Ig V gene in antibodies of three immunoglobulin classes. AB - In an earlier study we found that some mouse strains, including the C57BL/6, produced irregular IgG anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies to protein conjugates of this hapten. This antibody had heteroclitic fine specificity and a characteristic isoelectric focusing pattern. Breeding studies suggested that these qualities of the C57BL/6 anti-NP were controlled by a V gene of the heavy chain. We have now found that this V gene is expressed in anti-NP antibodies and plaque-forming cells of all major immunoglobulin classes: IgG, IgA and IgM. PMID- 824130 TI - Immunochemical and biochemical study of a human Fcmu-like fragment (mu-chain disease). AB - An abnormal protein, from a petient with mu-chain disease has been studied: protein BUR. It is devoid of the F (ab'')2 mu fragment; molecular weight determinations and immunological data identify the protein as a F(c) 5 mu fragment. Similarly, carbohydrate determinations and proteolysis experiments relate it to a Fcmu fragment. Nevertheless, the protein, which tontains J-chain, lacks the entire covalently bonded structure of the F (c)5mu fragment. C-terminal analysis shows a tyrosine residue identical to the C-terminal amino acid of mu chains. Sequence of the N-terminal region determined for 15 residues shows identity with sequence 338-352 and sequence 333-347 of two entire mu-chains previously studied. The relation of BUR to other heavy chain disease proteins is discussed. PMID- 824132 TI - Expression of an immunoglobulin VH gene in natural anti-hapten antibodies. AB - Nonimmune sera of CBA and C57BL/6 mice had similar anti-(4-hydroxy-3 nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) titers, but the fine specificities (relative affinities for cross-reactive haptens (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) and (4 hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)acetyl (NNP)) were very different. Natural anti-NP antibodies of the C57BL/6 mice resembled immune anti-NP antibodies in being heteroclitic without exception, while both normal and immune anti-NP of the CBA mice were nonheteroclitic. Breeding studies suggested that the C57BL/6 trait of the natural antibodies was controlled by the same VH gene as the C57BL/6 trait of immune anti-NP antibodies. PMID- 824133 TI - Early detection of potentially lethal events in T cell-mediated cytolysis. AB - The short-term kinetics of the interaction between mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and 51Cr-labeled target cells was investigated. It was found that addition of EDTA to mixtures of CTL and target cells instantaneously blocked de novo lytic interactions, but did not inhibit the release of 51Cr from already damaged target cells. Using this information, a modified cytolytic assay was developed. By applying this assay to highly active CTL populations generated in secondary mixed leukocyte cultures, it was possible to detect appreciable target cell damage as early as 30 seconds after exposure to CTL. Quantitative studies demonstrated linear relationships between cytolysis and time and between rate of cytolysis and cell number under these assay conditions. PMID- 824134 TI - Comparative studies of sheep immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2: amino acid sequence of carboxy-terminal cyanogen bromide fragments from their heavy chains. AB - Sheep immunoglobulin IgG1 and immunoglobulin IgG2 heavy chains were treated with cyanogen bromide. The fractions from the C-terminal end of the heavy chains were isolated and purified, and the amino acid sequences gamma1 and gamma2 heavy chains had the identical sequence: Met-His-Glx-Ala-Leu-His-Asx-His-Tyr-Thr-Glx Lys-Ser-Ile-Ser-Lys-Pro-Pro-Gly. Comparison with the C-terminal peptides of other species, reported in the literature, suggests that the subclasses are the results of recent evolutionary processes. Residues at position 4 from the C-terminus may be phylogenetically related. PMID- 824135 TI - Leukocyte-dependent antibody in sheep immunized with murine mastocytoma cells. AB - Sheep serum removed after hyperimmunization with murine P-815 mastocytoma cells was fractionated and two types of cytotoxic antibody were isolated. Complement dependent antibody (CDA) was detected in the IgM and IgG1 fractions whereas "leukocyte" -dependent antibody (LDA) was found in the IgG1 and IgG2 fractions. Effector cells that mediated LDA cytotoxicity were isolated from sheep blood but not from sheep lymph, showing that recirculating lymphocytes do not have LDA effector function. Removal of adherent cells from blood leukocyte suspensions reduced antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that LDA effector leukocytes may be a heterogenous population containing both adherent and nonadherent cells. PMID- 824136 TI - Binding of (T,G)-A--L by normal sera. AB - The synthetic polypeptide poly-L-(Tyr, Glu)-poly-DL-Ala--poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-A--L] was found to be bound not only by mouse immune serum, but also by nonimmune sera from several species. A combination of immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography showed that albumin, beta-globulins and immunoglobulins in these sera may bind the antigen. This binding pattern is different, however, for the various species investigated. PMID- 824137 TI - The amino-terminal sequence of the VHIII subgroup of pooled porcine IgG. AB - Pig gamma-chains contain a significant fraction of the unblocked VHIII variable region subgroup. The amino terminal sequence (30 residues) was found to be uniform and more than 90% homologous with the prototype sequence of the human VHIII subgroup. An additional VHIII phylogenetically associated residue, glutamic acid in position 2 was identified in these porcine heavy chains. PMID- 824138 TI - Studies on the generation of B lymphocytes in the mouse embryo. AB - Using an organ culture technique, the development of B lymphocytes has been studied in a number of isolated embryonic hemopoietic tissues. Developing B lymphocytes were identified by cytoplasmic and surface immunofluorescence using purified class-specific antibodies and a Fab anti-immunoglobulin reagent. In fetal liver cultures these cells were further characterized for Fc and complement receptors and for the presence of mouse-specific B lymphocyte antigen. The results indicate that B lymphocytes develop independently in fetal liver and in fetal spleen; they do not develop in cultures of yolk sac and thymus. In conclusion, it is likely that B lymphocyte maturation in mammals is multifocal and is not dependent upon gastrointestinal influences as suggested previously. PMID- 824139 TI - The genetic control of T cell-mediated immunity against the DBA/2 mastocytoma P 815. II. Low responsiveness in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity accompanied by the inability to produce antibodies in a secondary response. AB - Low responsiveness of DBA/1 mice in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the DBA/2 mastocytoma P-815 (H-2d) is genetically controlled and inherited as a recessive trait. For an analysis of the humoral anti-H-2d response of DBA/1 mice after immunization with P-815 mastocytoma cells both complement-dependent lysis (CDL) and the cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA) were used to demonstrate antibodies. Both assays show that DBA/1 mice are unable to produce anti-H-2d antibodies in a secondary response. Even high doses of immunizing cells give only a weak response. The response is fully recovered upon allogeneic interaction. A transient primary anti-H-2d activity can be found in the CIA but not by CDL. The data show that the genetically controlled determinant-specific defect in T cell mediated cytotoxicity among DBA/1 mice has its correlate in a blockade of memory formation or expression in the humoral anti-H-2d response. PMID- 824140 TI - The nature of active and passive thyroglobulin binding lymphoid cells in Obese strain (OS) chickens. AB - Thyroglobulin-binding lymphoid cells were identified in the spleen of Obese strain (DS) chickens by their capacity to form rosettes with thyroglobulin-coated chicken red blood cells. The nature of these cells was studied in inhibition experiments using turkey anti-chicken bursa or thymus cell sera and rabbit antisera specific for chicken Ig, gamma, mu, alpha, Fabgamma or Fcgamma. Spleen cells actively synthesizing surface receptors for thyroglobulin were identified as B cells and the receptors found to be complete IgM molecules. Normal T cells became thyroglobulin-rosette-forming cells via passive adsorption of thyroglobulin antibodies, a phenomenon which could be inhibited competitively by the addition of normal chicken serum to the incubation medium. Thyroglobulin antibodies passively adsorbed onto the surface of normal T cells also belong to the IgM class as verified both by inhibition experiments and studies employing IgM and IgG fractions of a high titered OS serum for the preincubation of the cell suspensions. Only preincubation with the IgM fraction of the anti thyroglobulin antibodies resulted in the formation of significant numbers of passive rosette-forming cells. PMID- 824141 TI - Antibody-dependent human lymphocytotoxicity: a micro assay system. AB - A micro assay system is described for measuring antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity with human effector cells. The target cells were mouse mastocytoma cells sensitized with rabbit antibody. The tests were performed in microtiter plates, each well containing 5 x 10(3) 51Cr-labeled target cells, together with varying numbers of effector cells. Whereas highly purified lymphocyte suspensions induced lysis, purified monocyte and granulocyte suspensions had virtually no effect. In parallel experiments it was shown that the latter cell suspensions were very active in lysing sensitized human erythrocytes, which in turn were not lysed by purified lymphocytes. Finally, it was shown that the lytic capacity of lymphocytes was not affected by preservation of the cells at liquid nitrogen temperature. It is concluded that the system described can be used for the clinical analysis of antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity in lymphocyte suspensions. PMID- 824142 TI - A study of immunoglobulin classes present on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of human tonsil plasma cells. AB - The problem of whether immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing plasma cells expressed membrane Ig has been investigated using cells from human tonsils. In tonsils, IgG containing cells are predominant, but a certain number of IgM, IgA and IgD containing cells are also present. By using a double staining immunofluorescent technique for the simultaneous detection of membrane and intracytoplasmic Ig, it has been possible to ascertain that the large majority of IgA, IgM and IgD containing cells had membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) of a class coincident with that of intracytoplasmic Ig. In addition a noticeable proportion of IgM containing cells expressed membrane IgD, thus indicating that a certain number of these cells bore both membrane IgM and IgD. About 60% of IgG-containing cells had membrane IgG, while the remaining cells did not express mIg. Furthermore the surface staining of these cells was generally fainter than that of the cells containing other Ig classes. Experiments on the surface light chain type expressed by the single Ig-containing cells (IgCC) as compared to that found in the cytoplasm have shown that in the large majority of IgCC the light chain type of mIg coincided with that of intracytoplasmic Ig. Discordant light chain types of membrane and cytoplasmic Ig were found on about 12% of IgCC only. These values can be taken as a measure of how many IgCC had passively acquired mIg. PMID- 824143 TI - Rabbit antibody light chains: selective breeding narrows variability in framework and complementarity-determining residues. AB - The amino acid sequence of 5 light (L) chain (b4) variable (Vl) regions and the partial sequence of VL (kappa) regions from 12 anti-streptococcal group A-varant polysaccharide (Av-CHO) and 2 anti-streptococcal group C polysaccharide (C-CHO) antibodies was determined. These sequences contain 70 invariant positions as opposed to 50 invariant positions in other rabbit VL regions. Variability within the framework residues lacks randomness, and parent offspring relationship or otherwise close familial relationship is apparent in several instances. Variability in the complementarity-determining regions is reduced by 2.3-5.5-fold in comparison with other rabbit L-chains with several identical first and third hypervariable regions. Residue positions 50-56, known to mark the second hypervariable region in human kappa-chains, are not hypervariable in L-chains from Av-CHO rabbit antibodies. Considering the 67 rabbit L-chain sequences, completely or partially known today, for counting the number of V region germ line genes, it is concluded that the species rabbit has at least 27 VL germ line genes available. PMID- 824144 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and cardiac conduction: changes in ventricular automaticity. AB - Ventricular dysrhythmias result from changes in the automaticity or the conduction properties of the specialized conduction system. Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to cause ventricular dysrhythmias in humans and experimental animals. Consequently, it seemed to interest to determine whether these substances influence ventricular automaticity. Ventricular rhythm was produced in anesthetized dogs by blocking atrioventricular conduction. Low doses of imipramine, amitriptyline and nortriptyline resulted in small but significant increases in automaticity. Relatively high doses of these agents suppressed automaticity markedly. These changes could play a role in the development of dysrhythmias. PMID- 824145 TI - Inhibition of reflex epilepsy by (+/-)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine. AB - In baboons, Papio papio, spontaneously showing photosensitive epilepsy, myoclonic responses to intermittent photic stimulation were reduced or abolished for up to four hours by (+/-)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) 0.05-0.2 mg/kg body weight, given i.v. In animals pretreated with allyglycine, 200 mg/kg, a transient abolition of myoclonic responses followed NPA, 0.2 mg/kg. In DBA/2 mice, seizures following auditory stimulation were attenuated or abolished by NPA 0.025-0.1 mg/kg given intraperitoneally (ED50 for abolition of clonic phase = 0.032 mg/kg). The ED50 for pentylenetetrazol seizures in MF 1 mice was not altered by NPA 0.25 mg/kg. PMID- 824147 TI - Effect of colchicine on ribonucleic acid synthesis in concanavalin A-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. PMID- 824146 TI - Dual capacity for nutrient uptake in Tetrahymena. IV. Growth without food vacuoles and its implications. PMID- 824148 TI - Disruption of blood-retinal barrier in ocular hypotony: preliminary report. PMID- 824149 TI - Phagocytosis by the monkey pigment epithelium. PMID- 824150 TI - Distribution of [3H] thymidine in the lends of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) embryo. PMID- 824151 TI - The source of nerve fibres of the trabeculae and adjacent structures in monkey eyes. PMID- 824153 TI - Modulation during learning of the responses of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus to the sight of food. PMID- 824152 TI - Reinforcing concomitants of electrically elicited vocalizations. AB - In 38 squirrel monkeys 251 vocalization-producing electrode positions were tested for their positive and negative reinforcing properties. Two groups of vocalization-producing brain areas could be distinguished: One group in which the electrically elicited vocalization was independent of the accompanying reinforcement effect, and a second group in which vocalization and reinforcement effect were correlated. The first group included the anterior cingulate gyrus, the adjacent supplementary motor area, gyrus rectus, ventromedial edge of the capsula interna, caudal periaqueductal gray and adjacent parabrachial region. The second group consited of the caudatum, septum, substantia innominata, amygdala, inferior thalamic peduncle, stria terminalis, midline thalamus, ventral and periventricular hypothalamus, substantia nigra, rostral periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral midbrain tegmentum and lateral medulla. It is hypothesized that the first group contains predominantly or exclusively "primary" vocalization substrates; the second group is thought to be composed mainly of structures whose stimulation yields vocalization secondarily due to stimulus induced motivational changes. PMID- 824154 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and infections in mice. PMID- 824155 TI - Plasmodium knowlesi: in vitro biosynthesis of methionine. PMID- 824156 TI - The effect of oxine-5-sulphonic acid on the hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. AB - Oxine-5-sulphonic acid inhibits the metabolism of aminopyrine in the rat liver in vitro. The characteristics of this inhibition vary according to whether the oxidative N-demethylation of the substrate is determined by the formation of the metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine or by the production of formaldehyde. PMID- 824157 TI - Liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system: functional components and their properties. AB - The liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system consists of two protein components, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and a lipid, phosphatidylcholine. Cytochrome P-450 serves as the binding site for oxygen and substrate while the reductase acts as an electron carrier shuttling electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P-450. The phospholipid facilitates the transfer of electrons from NADPH-cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome P-450 but itself is not an electron carrier. Different cytochromes P-450 and P-448 have been purified; the spectral, catalytic, and immunological properties as well as the molecular weight (determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis) of all these hemeproteins differ from one another. The presence of multiple cytochrome P-450s may explain the species, strain, age, tissue, and sex differences as well as the effect of inducers and nutritional status in mammlian drug metabolism. PMID- 824158 TI - Effect of dietary lipid on drug-metabolizing enzymes. AB - Male rats fed diet containing 3% corn oil for 3 weeks metabolized hexobarbital, aniline and heptachlor significantly faster than those fed fat-free diet. Half maximal changes in aniline hydroxylation occurred in rats fed corn oil at approximately 0.1% of calories, whereas half-maximal changes in hexobarbital oxidase and heptachlor epoxidase occurred in rats fed corn oil at 1 to 1.5% of calories. Kinetic measurements of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system in washed microsomes revealed that maximal rate of aniline and ethylmorphine metabolism in male rats occurred with 3% corn oil diet, whereas maximal rate for hexobarbital occurred with 10% corn oil diet. In female rats maximal aniline hydroxylation occurred in rats receiving 10% corn oil diet. No alterations in Km for these reactions were observed in male or female rats fed 3% corn oil but were increased in rats fed 10% corn oil for those substrates whose maximal rate of metabolism was also increased (i.e., hexobarbital in males and aniline in females). Thus qualitative changes in microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes may occur in rats ingesting diets containing 10% corn oil. Associated with the increased drug metabolism in corn oil-fed rats were increases in concentration of cytochrome P 450 in male and female rats, decreased sleeping time in male rats, and decreased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of male and female rats. No change in NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was observed. Spectral binding measurements revealed increases in substrate binding associated with increased metabolism, most of which could be ascribed to the increases in cytochrome P-450. The spectral dissociation constant for these interactions between drug and oxidized cytochrome P-450 was unaltered with the exception that it was decreased in female rats fed 10% corn oil diet. Evidence of qualitative changes in the enzymes of endoplasmic reticulum was limited to those associated with an altered fatty acid composition of phospholipid and changes in the ethylisocyanide difference spectrum of reduced microsomes. PMID- 824159 TI - Hepatic drug metabolism in iron-, magnesium- and potassium-deficient rats. AB - It is now apparent that the rate of microsomal drug metabolism in experimental animals is subject to alteration by such dietary deficiencies as protein, vatamins, fats and minerals. The evidence, both published and unpublished, showing the effects of iron, magnesium, and potassium dificiencies on the hepatic metabolism of foreign compounds in rats is discussed. Iron deficiency has been shown to lead to a marked stimulation in hepatic metabolism, in vitro and in vivo, of both Type I (aminopyrine) and Type II (aniline) substrates. Magnesium deficient rats have been shown to have markedly lower in vivo and in vitro rates of hepatic drug metabolism, but the monovalent intracellular mineral potassium had no apparent effect on the in vitro enzymatic conversion of foreign compounds. Hypokalemia has been shown to alter the in vivo disposition of aminopyrine and pentobarbital as evidenced by an increased plasma half-life of aminopyrine and a longer pentobarbital sleeping time in potassium-deficient animals. Large segments of the world's population are in less than satisfactory nutritional status with respect to iron, magnesium, potassium, copper, and zinc and the relevancy to man of the data discussed must be ascertained. The role of dietary minerals in nonhepatic microsomal drug metabolism is also not yet known. PMID- 824160 TI - Therapeutic use of gonadoliberin (follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) in women. AB - Certain conclusions may be drawn from the present review: 1. Synthetic FSH/LH-RH may induce ovulation; therefore, a therapeutic effect has been established in some cases of anovulatory infertility, but it is still difficult to assess the correct dose of FSH/LH-RH because of individual variations in response. 2. Gonadoliberin may also be used to induce ovulation after follicular maturation has been evoked by other agents. FSH/LH-RH can be utilized for supplementing the LH surge after clomiphene therapy in cases of clomiphene failure. When associated with HMG, the synthetic decapeptide may be helpful in avoiding the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. 3. The "triggering" of ovulation by a continuous infusion of FSH/LH-RH might be a convenient means of controlling the timing of ovulation. 4. It is expected that FSH/LH-RH blocking analogs may be used to inhibit both LH and FSH release induced by endogenous gonadoliberin in women seeking contraception. PMID- 824161 TI - Oxygen tension in the oviduct of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The oxygen tension in the oviductal fluid of adult female rhesus monkeys was measured by means of miniaturized, flexible, oxygen probes between days 5 and 22 of the menstrual cycle. In the follicular phase, the value was very low, less than 10 Torr. At the time of ovulation to about 5 to 7 days thereafter, the oxygen tension in the tube on the side of ovulation increased within approximately 2 minutes after insertion of the oxygen probe from the low level to the same value as in the blood. In the contralateral oviduct, the oxygen tension remained at less than 10 Torr. These findings suggest that, in the absence of ovulation, the blood-oxygen supply of the oviduct provides the exact oxygen requirement of oviductal tissue, with no excess oxygen available for the tubal fluid. At and shortly after ovulation, the presence of a probe stimulates, by an unknown mechanism, an increase in the oxygen tension in the oviductal fluid which provides an environment sufficiently well-oxygenated for gamete survival, fertilization, and subsequent further development of the embryo. We suggest that the ovum entering the oviduct provides a similar stimulus with a similar result by the same unknown mechanism. PMID- 824162 TI - Estimation of allelic immobilization antigens in syngen 9 of Paramecium aurelia. I. Micro-technique with complement fixation in conjunction with other methods. PMID- 824163 TI - [Experimental study of glipizide. A comparison with other hypoglycemic sulfonamides (author's transl)]. AB - Glipizide is a new hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea. In this work we have studied experimentally the hypoglycaemic activity of this drug, its insulin secretory effect and its action on the development of the islets of Langerhans. Studies in the dog: In the normal conscious dog the hypoglycaemic effect of the drug was studied when increasing doses (0,03 mg/kg, 0,05 mg/kg, 0,07 mg/kg and 0,09 mg/kg) were injected intravenously. The hypoglycaemic effect of the drug occurred rapidly, reaching a maximum in about 30 minutes. The relative potency of glipizide was determined in comparison with tolbutamide. Under our experimental conditions, glipizide proved to be on average 99 times more active than tolbutamide when the doses were evaruated by weight; when the doses were expressed in moles it was 163 times more active. Plasma insulin levels manifested an increase at the first minute. This rose rapidly to a maximum at 5 to 15 minutes after the injection. Following this, insulinemia decreased and the values recorded at 60 minutes were about the same as the starting values. There is a linear relation between the logarithm of the dose and the area under the insulin curve measured for the first sixty minutes. After oral administration to the normal dog, glipizide (081 mg/kg and 1mg/kg) provoked a hypoglycemia manifested after a 30 to 60 minutes latent period. With the dose of 1 mg/kg the maximal effect on blood glucose level was reached between 1,30 and 3 hours, depending on the animal. Plasma insulin levels also increased after a latent period which varied from one animal to another. The dogs presenting the earliest increase in insulinemia were those in which glycemia drops most rapidly. Comparison with other sulfonamides (glibenclamide, glisoxepide and tolbutamide) showed that the hypoglycemic action of glipzide was very similar to that of glisoxepide and that it occurred much earlier than with glibenclamide. The insulin secretory effect of glipizide also occurred much earlier than that of glibenclamide, manifesting itself as early as that of glisoxepide and tolbutamide. Studies on the isolated rat pancreas: On the isolated rat pancreas perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution containing glucose (1,5 g/l), glipizide (10 mug/I) considerably increased the amount of secreted insulin. The stimulation of insulin secretion occurred rapidly and persisted powerfully during the entire duration of the infusion. It faded out progressively after stopping the infusion and the secretion remained higher than the control secretion during the following 45 minutes of the experiment. A concentration as low as 0,5 mug/I provoked a distinct increase of insulin secretion. Studies on the development of the islets of langerhans in the mouse: The prolonged administration of glipizide (100 mg/kg daily for 35 days) increased the "insular index", which is directly proportional to the islet weight, by 27%. Therefore this product possesses betacytotrophic activity... PMID- 824164 TI - Notes on primates in Parc National du W du Niger, West Africa. PMID- 824165 TI - [Correlation between the volume of the pineal gland to body and brain weights in rodents, Insectivora, Chiroptera, prosimians and simians]. PMID- 824166 TI - Binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH-RH) to the pituitary plasma membranes and the problem of adenylate cyclase stimulation. AB - Specific binding studies of tritium-labeled LH-RH to sheep anterior pituitary membranes at 37 degrees C showed a maximum of binding capacity of 110 +/- 20 mol/mg protein with an association rate constant of 2 +/- 1 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 and a dissociation rate constant of 0.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(-2) S-1. The Scatchard plot data showed a single type of binding site with Kass = 1.1 +/- 0.4 X 10(8) M-1 in good agreement with the kinetic studies. Various doses of LH-RH in the presence or absence of Ca2+, were unable to stimulate adenylate cyclase either in the rat anterior pituitary homogenates, or in the purified sheep anterior pituitary plasma membranes. To explain these results, it may be argued that the proportion of gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland is too small to show a significant increase in the LH-RH-induced adenylate cyclase activity. Another possibility is the disconnection of the hormonal receptor from the site of activation of adenylate cyclase during the preparation of plasma membranes. Finally, cAMP may not be involved in LH release by LH-RH. PMID- 824167 TI - Symmetrization in the amphibian egg by disrupted sperm cells. PMID- 824168 TI - Electrical properties of the Drosophila egg membrane. PMID- 824169 TI - Replicative patterning and determination. AB - It is suggested that determination in embryonic development involves two processes: a differential regulation of gene replication order to yield a set of gene-specific replicative patterns, and the conversion of these patterns to a set of transcription potentials by a chromosomal-binding substance. The evidence from studies of Drosophila is discussed, and experimental tests are proposed. PMID- 824170 TI - Aggregation of cells from early chick blastoderms. AB - The aggregation of dissociated cells from chick blastoderms at Hamburger and Hamilton stages 1-5 was studied. Aggregation was measured during the first 4 h of culture by determination of the proportion of single cells in the medium. No difference in aggregation was found when cells dissociated by either trypsin or EDTA were studied. Similarly the presence or absence of serum in the medium had no appreciable effect on early phases of aggregation, although at 24 h and thereafter, aggregate size was reduced in serum-free cultures. It was found that at all of the stages studied, cells aggregate and sort out into two groups. One group forms a continuous phase of loosely associated cells while the other segregates into several localised areas of closely associated cells within the aggregate. Examination of aggregates up to 7 days in culture showed progressive differentiation within each phase and several identifiable cell types were observed. Basal laminae were present at the boundary between the compact phase and the loose phase. PMID- 824171 TI - A 5-bromodeoxyuridine-sensitive interval during drosophila myogenesis. AB - Drosophila myogenesis was monitored in vitro and the cells were treated with 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or with thymidine at certain intervals. Muscle cells were scored for survival, contractility, and the uptake of thymidine and BrdU. Results indicated that the final S period for myoblasts takes place in vitro between 1.3 and 3.3 h following the initiation of gastrulation in the donor embryos. Treatment with 10(-4) M BrdU during this internal inhibited myogenesis, but later treatment did not. Thymidine reversed or prevented the BrdU effect if given before the final myoblast division, but not if given after wards. All results support the hypothesis that BrdU inhibits Drosophila myogenesis through its incorporation into DNA. PMID- 824172 TI - [Long-term effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of 10 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate were studied using exercise test in 10 patients with stable angina pectoris. First the reproducibility of angina threshold of each patient was controlled. then the effects after 30, 90, 150 minutes of the administration of the drug and a placebo, administered in random sequence, were studied. No significant changes of the parameters examined were observed after the placebo. Significant increase of duration of exercise and total amount of work performed before angina were observed after the drugs. Also, the appearance of electrocardiographic alterations was retarded, and disappearance of pain after exercise interruption was quicker. These changes were maximal in the tests made 30 minutes after administration of the drug, declining therafter; nevertheless, statistically significant differences from placebo were also observed in tests after 90 and 150 minutes. PMID- 824173 TI - Lithogenic bile. AB - So-called authors' lithogenic bile [Ch greater than 7.5 mg/ml, (TBS + PL)/Ch weight ratio less than 20] corresponds to the bile which falls well above the micellar zone boundary on triangular coordinates with high concentration of cholesterol. The authors supposed that, in man like hamsters and squirrel monkeys, in the process of alimentary formation of cholesterol gallstones gallbladder bile of which cholesterol concentration was high, and (TBS + PL)/Ch ratio was as low as that of gallbladder bile with cholestrol gallstones seemed to be lithogenic. PMID- 824174 TI - Contractile function and 45Ca movements in vascular smooth muscle of nonhuman primates: effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - 1. The effects of 7mM neomycin, 10 mM kanamycin and 5 mM gentamicin on vascular smooth muscle contractile responses and 45Ca movements were examined in arterial preparations isolated from nonhuman primates (squirrel monkeys, capuchin monkeys and baboons). 2. Present findings demonstrate that these antibiotics inhibit contractile responses and alter 45Ca movements in monkey blood vessels, and suggest that the manner in which these agents affect vascular smooth muscle from nonhuman primates does not differ qualitatively from their effects in canine and rabbit vascular preparations. PMID- 824175 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls (phenoclor and pyralene) and intestinal transport of hexoses and amino acids in mice. AB - 1. Using mouse everted whole small intestine 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6 (hexachlorobiphenyl) at 1.0 g kg-1 body wt, absorption of D-glucose decreased significantly, probably owing to toxic traces of pentodicholobenzofuran in the PCB preparation and not its high chlorine content. D-glucose tissue accumulation decreased. The serosal fluid transfer also fell but not the gut fluid uptake. D-glucose absorption and fluid transfer remained unchanged following doses of other Phenoclor and Pyralene (PCB) compounds. 2. Using DP6, malabsorption of D-glucose and impaired serosal fluid transfer were not evident 7 days after a single dose of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 g kg-1 body wt. One to 21 days after a single dose (1.0 g kg-1 body wt) of DP6, D-glucose absorption and serosal fluid transfer decreased from 3 to 14 days but thereafter became normal. 3. Although absorption of D-galactose, D-glucose following membrane hydrolysis of D maltose, and L-arginine, L-histidine, L-ornithine and L-proline decreased slightly 7 days after a single dose of Phenoclor DP6,the results were not significant, nor were changes in fluid transfer. 4. Following Phenoclor DP6 treatment, D-glucose malabsorption was abolished by an exogenous energy supply (D mannose). DP6 affected intracellular metabolism and not the glucose carrier at the membrane brush border. 5. The body-weights and fresh small intestinal weights of mice treated with different PCBs remained unchanged after seven days. The histology of the small intestine showed minimal changes. PMID- 824176 TI - The interaction of four putative glutamate antagonists with glutamate and their effects on the toad spinal cord. AB - 1. Four putative glutamate antagonists (L-glutamate diethyl ester, L-glutamate dimethyl ester, L-proline and 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2) were tested on the isolated hemisected toad spinal cord. 2. 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 (10(-3) 10(-2) M) selectively antagonized the depolarizations evoked in both dorsal and ventral roots by applications of L-glutamate (5 X 10(-4) M). 3 1-hydroxy-3-amino pyrrolidone-2 also antagonized the depolarizations evoked in both dorsal and ventral roots by stimulation of the adjacent dorsal root. 4. The dimethyl and diethyl esters of L-glutamate and L-proline had their own depolarizing actions on the dorsal and ventral roots, and neither potentiated nor antagonized the effects of L-glutamate. 5. The results with 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 offer further evidence for the involvement of L-glutamate and L-aspartate in synaptic transmission in the amphibian spinal cord. PMID- 824177 TI - Regional distributions of noradrenaline and dopamine in marmoset monkey brain. PMID- 824178 TI - Effects of the group IUB metals (Cd, Zn and Hg) on the permeability of the crystalline lens of the toad (Bufo marinus). PMID- 824179 TI - Morphological changes in Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus caused by external histone. AB - It was found that the externally added histone changes remarkably both the surface and the internal ultrastructure of cells of Escherichia coli. The interaction of histone with surface structures results in thickening of the inner layer of the cell wall. Cytoplasm becomes condensed, contains extensive electrontransport zones and neither ribosomes nor the nuclear structure are differentiated. The addition of histone to germinating spores of Bacillus cereus decelerates germination and postgerminative development of this organism and changes ultrastructure of the external surface of the exosporium. The addition of Mg2+ ions reverting the effect of histone results in a renewal of the original ultrastructure of the exosporium. PMID- 824180 TI - [Growth, sexual maturity, social maturity and reproduction in African Forest Cercopithecines (author's transl)]. AB - The onset of puberty in males is indicated by a strong increase of weight, appearance of specific displays and changes in the vocal repertoire. Male social maturity follows sexual maturity, but does not depend only on age; it results also from behavioural interactions with the male leader within the one-male group. PMID- 824181 TI - Activity patterns in a sooty mangabey group. AB - Diurnal, temperature and weather influences on the activity profiles of a sooty mangabey group were compared to similar data previously reported for geladas and pigtail monkeys. Distinct behavioral profiles for each group were obtained despite the near identity of living conditions. Mangabey patterns in captivity appeared very similar to those reported for mangabeys in the wild. Sexually dimorphic behavioral patterns were demonstrated as well as the independence of several social orders. Infant care by multiple females and by males was observed and the conservative nature of mangabey responses to novelty noted. PMID- 824182 TI - Effects of testosterone on the sternal cutaneous glands and genitalia of the male greater galago (Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus). AB - Adult male and some female Galago crassicaudatus have a sparsely haired sternal gland which is used in scent marking displays. In both sexes, the skin in the sternal area contains many large sebaceous and apocrine glands. The sebaceous glands are largest in males and are dependent upon testicular androgens. Spines on the glans penis are also androgen dependent; their possible behavioural functions are discussed. PMID- 824183 TI - Effects of testosterone on status in primate groups. AB - The hormone testosterone appears to have an effect on status processes in small groups of nonhuman primates, and it may be involved in human status processes as well. PMID- 824184 TI - [Loss of one eye in a wild-living Colobus b. badius (author's transl)]. AB - The skull of a female Colobus b. badius from northeastern Liberia shows loss of one eye. Judging from the atrophy of the bone edges and growth of an additional bone point into the orbit, this monkey must have lived on for years. PMID- 824185 TI - A comparative study on the microscopic anatomy of the sublingua of Tupaia glis (Tupaiiformes). AB - The microscopic anatomy of the sublingua of Tupaia glis was studied comparatively to find out if there is any possible explanation of the origin and the structural characteristics of the sublingual organ in Callicebus. The sublingua of Tupaia is at a primitive stage, but has nothing at all in common with the sublingual organ. The frenal lamella is not remarkable in this species. There are reasons to assume that the sublingual organ is a modified frenal lamella developed only in Callicebus. PMID- 824186 TI - Effects of chronic oral administration of erythrosine in the Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 824188 TI - A comparison of the distribution and elimination of oleic and chlorinated oleic acids and their metabolites in rats. PMID- 824187 TI - Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 824189 TI - The metabolic fate of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 824190 TI - Post-mortem findings of cardiac lesions in epileptics: a preliminary report. AB - In search of satisfactory cause of death in epileptics an attempt was made to examine the hearts with special regard to microscopic findings. All nine examined cases showed fibrosis of the minor arterial walls as well as interstitial fibrosis connected with atrophy or myofibrillar degeneration. Five cases had subendocardial fibrosis, and 4 leukocytic infiltration resembling focal myocarditis. In one case, a fibroma (hamartoma?) of the atrioventricular bundle could presumably explain the symptoms of epilepsy. The authors conclude that epilepsy may be a possible cause of ischemic or hypoxic cardiomyopathy which can contribute to the cause of sudden death amongst epileptics. PMID- 824191 TI - [Clinical problems in the so-called benign tumors of the oromandibulofacial area]. PMID- 824192 TI - The thyroidal T4/T3 ratio and its regulation in non-toxic goitre. AB - In 35 patients with non-toxic goitre, surgically resected thyroid tissue was hydrolyzed with Pronase under anaerobic conditions in the presence of methylmercaptoimidazole. Total iodine, PBI, L-thyroxine (T4-RIA and T4 (D)) as well as triiodothyronine (T3-RIA) were determined in the tissue hydrolysates. The data obtained were compared with T4/T3 ratios in the serum, TRH test and thyroidal 131I uptake before operation. The total iodine, amounted to 112.6 +/- 14.6 ug/g tissue. The T4/T3 ratio was 11.37 +/- 1.80. Using this procedure of tissue hydrolysis and RIA assays for iodothyronines, the yield for T4 and T3 is considerably higher than the one obtained with previous methods. As in animal experiments, evidence was given for human goitre that T3 is predominantly produced first in the case of decreased T4 production. Second in the case of iodine deficiency, and third in cases of increased TSH response after TRH. Patients with a large amount of iodine and T4 in their thyroids have a much smaller increase in serum TSH after TRH than do subjects with a much lower thyroidal T4 concentration. This occurs even though the thyroid hormone levels in serum in these groups are not different. No correlation between thyroidal T4/T3 ratio and serum T4/T3 ration could be demonstrated even under extreme conditions. This finding favors the assumption of a predominant extrathyroidal regulation for T4/T3 ratio in serum. PMID- 824193 TI - Insufficient TSH stimulation after successful treatment for hyperthyroidism. PMID- 824194 TI - Purification and partial characterization of human pancreatic elastase. AB - 1) An elastolytic enzyme has been isolated from human pancreatic juice. The concentration of the enzyme was about 0.6 mg/ml corresponding to about 10% of the protein concentration of the juice. 2) The purification procedure included chromatography on Sephadex G-25 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on SP Sephadex C-50 at pH 6.0, affinity chromatography on Trasylol-Sepharose 4-B and a final ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex at pH 7.6. The yield was about 50%. 3) The elastase isolated was homogeneous in analytical disc electrophoresis and showed a single protein component with a molecular weight of 26 300 in dodecylsulfate-electrophoresis. There are similarities in the amino acid compositions of human and porcine pancreatic elastases. 4) The human enzyme has a lower activity on elastin than porcine elastase but similar activities on casein and fibrin. The Km value for Boc-Ala-ONp was 5.13 X 10(-4) M. The elastase isolated was 98% active, as judged from active site titration. 5) The results of immunodiffusion studies of activated pancreatic juice and duodenal juice with specific elastase-directed antibodies indicate that the purified enzyme was the single elastolytic enzyme present. 6) It is a cationic protein without any carbohydrate. The activation of the pro-elastase resulted in the formation of an active enzyme with a higher isoelectric point than the zymogen. PMID- 824195 TI - What is the executive's role in budgeting for her department? PMID- 824196 TI - Genetic studies among the endogamous groups of Lohanas of North and West India. AB - Four groups of Lohanas, belonging to the Gujarati, Sindhi and Punjabi were studied for various genetic markers. Lohanas have higher B than A and low Rh(D) negative (1.65-4.64%). The Hp1 gene ranges from 0.1557 to 0.2639; Gm1 is lower (0.34-0.55) than in other populations in Southern India. G-6-PD deficiency was prevalent in 3-8%. All the four groups have a high incidence of the thalassaemia trait and possess Hb-D. Hb, J, and L were also observed in two groups. Data was analysed for intergroup differences. PMID- 824197 TI - Interaction of two cross-polarized electromagnetic waves with mammalian cranial structures. PMID- 824199 TI - Antibody response to Chandipura virus in experimental animals. PMID- 824198 TI - Comparative study of in vitro and in vivo drug effects on cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC) was assayed in a system using spleen cells from mice (C57BL/6) sensitized with allogeneic tumour cells (DBA/2 mastocytoma P-815). Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressives, inhibitors of cell division and other agents were investigated for their capacity to inhibit CMC in three different ways. First, inhibition of CMC after in vitro addition of drug was observed with corticosteroids, some immunosuppressives and inhibitors of cell division. Secondly, suppression of CMC after a single drug administration to sensitized mice shortly before being killed was found with corticosteroids, several immunosuppressives and irradiation. Thirdly, prevention of development of CMC by repeated drug treatment (immunosuppressive schedule) was achieved with most immunosuppressives and cytostatic drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were inactive in these tests. Correlation of effects between the three procedures was very poor and it is suggested that various mechanisms may be involved in the different assays. PMID- 824200 TI - Distribution of human blood group ABO, Rh, MN, and ABO(H) secretion in 9 endogamous group of Kumbhars from Maharashtra. PMID- 824201 TI - Periston and periston-N in the prevention of reformation of peritoneal adhesions in monkeys. PMID- 824202 TI - Analysis of maternal Rh immunisation in relation to parity, foetal loss and family size. PMID- 824203 TI - Major classes of immunoglobulins and their roles. PMID- 824204 TI - Isolation and characterization of monoamine oxidase from hyperfunctioning human thyroid. AB - Human thyroid monoamine oxidase from hyperfunctioning thyroids was isolated and purified by separating the mitochondria by differential centrifugation followed by ultrasonication. The suspension containing the active enzyme from the DEAE column, on passing through a Sephadex G-200 column gave three peaks corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 220,000, 23,000 and 4000 of which the component with molecular weight 4000 showed enzyme activity. The blood of the patients was analyzed for plasma MAO, RBC cholinesterase, plasma histaminase and plasma catecholamines. Histology and histochemistry of the thyroid tissues were also done. The data are examined from the point of view of the prevalent idea of the possible existence of MAO in multiple forms. PMID- 824206 TI - Parasitic cardiomyopathies. AB - Fifty-one parasitic cardiomyopathies studied for periods ranging from 1 to 14 years were analyzed. In 32 cases chagasic etiology was demonstrated and in 19 cases toxoplasmic etiology. In the chagasic cases the diagnosis was confirmed by serological study and/or xenodiagnosis. In one of these patients an aneurysmatic dilatation of the left ventricular cavity was found. The clinic picture showed cardiac insufficiency and deleterous arrhythmias in 18 of the 32 cases. The rest of the patients had precordial pains. The mortality of the group was 12.5%. In toxoplasmic patients the diagnosis was made by periodical serological study, considering only those cases where concomitant clinical activity and pathological antibody response was demonstrated. In three cases the parasite was recovered from the myocardium and in another from a peripheral gland. The clinical picture in these groups consisted of precordial pain and arrhythmias in 14 cases, and cardiac failure in 13 cases. The mortality rate for the group was 42%. PMID- 824205 TI - Passive immunity against pseudomonas sepsis during granulocytopenia. AB - Specific passive immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis was assessed in granulocytopenic dogs. Dogs were infused with either normal or antipseudomonas immune plasma 24 h before pseudomonas challenge. They were challenged intravenously with 10(7) serotype 6 P. aeruginosa during granulocytopenia. Treatment was evaluated by observation of survival periods, febrile responses, type 6 pseudomonas antibody titers, and quantitative cultures of blood and tissues. The results demonstrated that passively immunized dogs did not survive infection. Both normal-plasma and immune-plasma recipients had bacteremia at death, with median values of 980 and 470 pseudomonas per ml of blood, respectively. All dogs had marked febrile responses 24 h after pseudomonas challenge and had high concentrations of pseudomonas in their lung tissue at death, with median values of 10(8) pseudomonas per g of wet tissue weight. After plasma infusion, immune-plasma recipients had high concentrations of anti pseudomonas antibody, with total antibody titers ranging from 256 to 1,024 and a median value of 1,024. These titers were comparable to titers attained in a previous study from our laboratory using active immunization with pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide vaccine, where the median total anti-pseudomonas antibody titer was 2,048. Actively immunized animals, however, were significantly protected against pseudomonas sepsis and had prolonged survival periods and prevention of bacteremia. The present study demonstrates that circulating type specific antibody is not solely responsible for the protection afforded to granulocytopenic dogs actively immunized against pseudomonas. PMID- 824207 TI - Microbiological studies on some bladder irrigation fluids. AB - A 1.5% glycine solution has recently been introduced as a bladder irrigation fluid. In this study, glycine solution was compared with two other recognised bladder irrigants (chlorhexidine and noxythiolin) for its inhibitory activity against common urinary tract pathogens. Glycine solution supported the growth of nearly 50% of the bacterial strains tested whereas chlorhexidine and noxythiolin were completely inhibitory. In quantitative studies with selected strains it was found that growth could be initiated from as few as 200 organisms/ml. It was concluded that glycine solution was capable of supporting bacterial growth and thus, from a microbiological viewpoint, was unsuitable as a bladder irrigant. PMID- 824208 TI - [Moraxella osloensis as pathogen in septicemia (author's transl)]. AB - A case of septicemia caused by Moraxella osloensis is described. A 4-year old girl fell ill with symptoms similar to those described in cases of septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Two days after the commencement of treatment with penicillins, however, Moraxella osloensis could be isolated from cerebral fluid, which contained only a small number of cells. It is assumed that the delayed recovery of the child was directly related to the diminished susceptibility of this Moraxella strain to penicillins. Since Moraxella strains may be resistant to these antibiotics, it is necessary to distinguish between Moraxella and N. meningitidis by means of laboratory tests. The symptoms elicited by Moraxella are similar to those in septicaemia caused by N. meningitidis, but are considerably milder in character. PMID- 824209 TI - The influence of low and elevated ambient temperatures on serum prolactin and growth hormone in heifers--a review. PMID- 824210 TI - Long-term clinical toxicity studies with clofazimine (B663) in leprosy. AB - Fifty-one leprosy patients receiving long-term clofazimine have undergone systematic clinical laboratory testing in a search for any toxicity secondary to the drug. In approximately 220 patient-years of observation and in analyzing approximately 40,000 test results, no statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality have been observed in SGOT, thymol turbidity, serum globulins, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell count or differential, hematocrit, hemoglobin, BUN, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, serum potassium, serum calcium, stool for occult blood, routine urinalysis, or reticulocyte count. Statistically significant changes toward abnormality were found in fasting blood sugar and total serum bilirubin. These statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality were of a small magnitude, were not associated with related clinical signs or symptoms, and do not seem to be of major clinical significance. Despite the accumulation of relatively massive amounts of the drug in various tissues, clofazimine appears remarkably free of serious or life-threatening toxicity clinically. Although the skin and gastrointestinal side effects of clofazimine limit its usefulness, on the evidence to date, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages in those leprosy patients for whom it is indicated. PMID- 824211 TI - The role of protein malnutrition in the pathogenesis of ulcerative "Lazarine" leprosy. AB - 1. Clinical and necropsy observations in lepromatous leprosy associated with severe emaciation and accompanying hypoproteinemia suggest that protein deprivation may be of pathogenic significance in the ulcerative phenomenon that is designated "Lazarine leprosy". 2. An experimental utilizing Wiersung rats infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium and maintained on a protein-free diet was developed for the purpose of studying the effect of protein starvation on the course of chronic mycobacterial disease similar to lepromatous leprosy with respect to pathogen and host inflammatory response. 3. It was possible to maintain the experimental animals on a protein-free diet for up to 18 weeks of concomitant M. lepraemurium infection. This was long enough for the infection to disseminate to a degree that was evident in control animals only several weeks later. 4. The protein-deprived animals showed decreased inflammatory response to the pathogen, presented more rapid dissemination of the infection and harbored more bacilli per macrophage than did animals similarly infected but maintained on a protein adequate diet. This indicates impairment of native cellular immunity by protein deprivation through decrease in ability of macrophages to inhibit bacillary multiplication. 5. There was no evidence of impairment of macrophage ability to phagocytose the pathogens. 6. Morphologically the increased dissemination of pathogens and decrease in inflammatory response was similar to the increase in number and extent of visceral lesions seen in Lazarine leprosy. Decreased ability to dispose of the infecting bacilli was similar in the two models, human and animal. The animal model does not, as does lepromatous leprosy, involve the skin in the infection. Hence comparable ulcerative phenomena were not replicated in the animals. 7. It is suggested that Lazarine leprosy may result from enhanced lepromatous leprous infection occurring as a result of protein malnutrition. The pathogenic mechanism appears to be impairment of cellular immunity probably enhanced by concomitant impairment of humoral antibody immunity resulting also in decreased resistance to pyogenic and other secondary pathogens. The tissue edema attendant on decreased serum osmotic pressure due to lowering of the serum protein fractions enhances the probability of ulceration. PMID- 824213 TI - The influence of traumatic intrusion of primary teeth on their permanent successors. A radiographic and histologic study in monkeys. AB - Intrusion of maxillary central primary incisors was performed in 18 green vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with the purpose of studying early and late histologic changes in odontogenesis of permanent tooth germs and the effect of treatment of primary tooth injury. Immediate changes were studied in five monkeys where both maxillary central primary incisors were intruded. The monkeys were sacrificed 10-15 min after intrusion. The immediate changes in the permanent tooth germ consisted of contusion and displacement of the reduced enamel epithelium and slight displacement of the hard dental tissue in relation to the cervical loop, or Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Late changes and effect of treatment were studied in 13 monkeys where both maxillary central incisors were intruded. One central primary incisor was removed 1 hour after intrusion while the other incisor was allowed to remain in the jaw. The monkeys were sacrificed 6 weeks after injury and the anterior portion of the maxilla was examined histometrically. The late changes consisted of metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium into a stratified squamous epithelium and, in most cases, changes in morphology of the dentin and enamel matrices. On the side where the injured tooth was preserved, significantly larger areas of epithelial metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium were present compared with the extraction side. Changes in morphology of the enamel matrix and dentin were found with the same frequency in the two groups, but tended to be less severe in the extraction group. It is concluded that more studies are needed on the effect of metaplasia of the reduced enamel epithelium on complete mineralization of the enamel before an optimal treatment of intruded primary incisors can be determined. PMID- 824212 TI - A modification of the sliding genioplasty. PMID- 824214 TI - Micropunctures of rubber gloves used in oral surgery. AB - In 720 operations in ambulatory oral surgery, the 2,880 surgical rubber gloves used were tested at the end of operation for perforations not earlier detected (microperforations). Gloves of ordinary thickness (type A) and of a thicker quality (type B) were examined. Perforations were found in 1495% and 22.0% of type A gloves and in 3.2% and 2.0% of type B gloves when oral surgeons and dental students, respectively, were operators. Gloves worn by operation assistants showed a lower incidence of perforation. Before operation, 50 gloves of type A were punctured at the tip of right index finger by a sterile dental probe. Results of bacteriologic examinations of the right index and middle fingers strongly indicated that a high number of bacteria passed through pinholes in the gloves. The intact surgical glove represents an impermeable barrier, protecting not only the operation wound against skin bacteria from the hands of the oral surgeon, but also the oral surgeon against pathogenic microorganisms, in particular hepatitis virus type B, escaping from the oral cavity of the patient. PMID- 824215 TI - Clinical and psychological effects of intravenous diazepam related to plasma levels. A controlled, double-blind, cross-over study in oral surgery involving local analgesia. AB - In a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with diazepam (DZ) and placebo (PL) various clinical, psychological, and pharmacological parameters were studied in 33 patients having identical impacted third molars removed. The patients were admitted to the study consecutively and nonparametric statistics were used throughout the study for the evaluation (Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed test). The following aspects were examined: Continous reaction times (CRT), rating scales (a.m. Beecher), blood pressure, pulse, plasma concentration of DZ and of N desmethyldiazepam, visual changes, amnesia, adverse reactions, recalling of duration of surgery, orientation in time, phlebitis, and final evaluation performed by the patient. The operative conditions were found to be excellent, and only a few adverse effects were noticed. The patients expressed an overall enthusiasm about the sedation. In the rating scales only the predominantly sedative items were affected and not the anxiolytic ones. Neither the heart rate nor the systolic blood pressure were significantly changed; on the contrary, the DZ-group was less affected than the PL-group when maximum increases in the systolic blood pressure were compared in the two groups. The continuous reaction times were significantly correlated to the plasma concentrations of diazepam, especially 1 hour after sedation. The reported recurrence of initial clinical symptoms 6 hours after sedation due to the N-desmethyldiazepam could not be demonstrated in this study. The CRT has proved itself to be of great value in discriminating between different kinds of cerebral affections; the patients with DZ-intoxication showed significantly faster CRT 1 hour after injection than did patients suffering from well-documented cerebral disorders such as organic brain damage or hepatic encephalopathia. PMID- 824216 TI - Central hemangioma of the maxilla. AB - A case of central maxillary hemangioma is reported in which the only clinical symptom was spontaneous, recurrent, gingival papillary bleeding between the maxillary left premolars. The radiographic findings were inconclusive. It is strongly recommended that in cases where this diagnosis is suspected, surgical intervention be carried out under optimal conditions in an operating theater under hypotensive general anesthesia and with an ample supply of whole blood available. PMID- 824217 TI - A case report of keratoameloblastoma. AB - In the "WHO histological typing of odontogenic tumors, jaw cysts and allied lesions", the authors recognize five distinct histologic types of ameloblastoma. A further histologic variant, the keratoameloblastoma, was first described by PINDBORG. A second case of a keratoameloblastoma is reported. This lesion occurred in the maxilla of a 28-year-old Caucasian male. PMID- 824218 TI - Histologic differential diagnostic problems for oral discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - Biopsies of oral lesions from 21 patients with diagnostic skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus and from 21 patients with oral lichen planus and leukoplakia were examined blindly by light microscopy. The correct histologic diagnosis (DLE) was established in less than half of the cases. In one-third of the cases differentiation between DLE and lichen planus could not be made. In the rest of the cases histologic diagnoses other than DLE were stated. The study shows the need for better diagnostic methods for oral lesions. PMID- 824219 TI - Oral surgery in Japan 1974-1975. PMID- 824220 TI - RNA precursor pool metabolism and RNA synthesis in X-irradiated Tetrahymena. PMID- 824221 TI - Oxygen toxicity: membrane damage by free radicals. PMID- 824222 TI - Loss of acute pilocarpine effect on outflow facility following surgical disinsertion and retrodisplacement of the ciliary muscle from the scleral spur in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - An ab-interno goniotomy-like operation for disinserting the ciliary muscle from the scleral spur in cynomolgus monkeys is described. Following postoperative miotic and corticosteroid treatment, the eyes did well clinically and the muscle reattached to the sclera posterior to the spur. Outflow facility and intraocular pressure were mildly reduced. There was drainage of aqueous humor via the conventional outflow routes, and blood flow to the ciliary body. The outflow facility increasing effect of intravenous and intracameral pilocarpine was nearly completely eliminated. These and other data suggest that: (1) the ciliary muscle was permanently disconnected, anatomically and functionally, from the trabecular meshwork; (2) the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal remained relatively normal structurally and functionally; (3) monkey eyes with retrodisplaced ciliary muscles may prove valuable for testing the functional effects of drugs directly on the conventional outflow channels, independent of drug actions on the ciliary muscle. PMID- 824223 TI - Effects of paracentesis on the blood-aqueous barrier: a light and electron microscopic study on cynomolgus monkey. AB - The effects of paracentesis on the blood-aqueous barrier of cynomolgus monekeys were studied by light and electron microscopy. The following regions of the eye were examined: ciliary body, iris, Schlemm's canal, juxtacanalicular connective tissue, and trabecular meshwork. Prominent structural alterations were seen in the ciliary epithelium at the anterior portion of the pars plicata, but the epithelium at the posterior portion of the pars plicata and at the pars plana appeared less disrupted. Plasma proteins which crossed the capillary endothelium accumulated in the stroma, and appeared in the posterior chamber through the enlarged extracellular spaces of the ciliary epithelium. The plasma proteins in the ciliary stroma of the anterior portion of the pars plicata moved to the stroma of the iris root; whereas in the iris the capillary endothelium provide an impermeable barrier to proteins. Following paracentesis, the lumen of Schlemm's canal was invaded by blood, and through newly formed gaps in the endothelial lining of the inner wall of the canal, the plasma proteins and red blood cells rapidly diffused into the juxtacanalicular connective tissue, trabecular meshwork, and anterior chamber. On the basis of the present experiments, the protein of the aqueous humor can be considered as originating from both the anterior portion of the pars plicata and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. PMID- 824225 TI - The corneal penetration of 6-aminohexanoic acid. AB - 6-Aminohexanoic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent with the ability to retard dissolution of fibrin clots. The corneal penetration of 6-aminohexanoic acid was measured to determine if therapeutic levels of the drug could be maintained in the anterior chamber by topical administration. The conjunctival sac to anterior chamber transfer coefficient was found to be 1.51 X 10-4 +/- 0.20 X 10-4 per minute and the corneal permeability found to be 3.46 X 10-7 +/- 0.46 X 10-7 cm. per second in the rhesus monkey eye. The results indicate that, to establish a therapeutic level in the aqueous humor, a high concentration of drug would have to be used with topical drop administration or a zero order delivery system must be used. PMID- 824224 TI - Development of the macular circulation. AB - The development of the primate retinal vasculature has been investigated in fetal monkeys (M. mulatta) during the latter half of gestation. Vascularization is found to be retarded in the region of the macula. The macula is found to become completely encircled by a network of primitive capillaries which then proliferate centripetally towards the presumptive fovea. These encircling vessels normally cease to proliferate before reaching the center of the fovea, and the resulting central avascular zone and centripetal pattern of vessels persist thereafter in the mature macula. The superficial peripapillary network of capillaries, like the outer vascular net, is found to be derived from the inner network of vessels. PMID- 824226 TI - Periosteal osteosarcoma. Review of 41 cases, 22 with long-term follow-up. AB - This study is based on 41 cases of parostesl (or juxta cortical) osteogenic sarcoma, which the authors prefer to define as periosteal osteosarcoma. The clinical features, radiological and histological characteristics are analysed. Treatment and prognosis are discussed. The treatment usually indicated is amputation, but in selected cases radical segmental resection is appropriate. The prognosis is comparatively favourable if the correct surgical treatment is carried out without delay. PMID- 824227 TI - Deformities of the spine in neurofibromatosis. Clinical and radiographic study of 46 cases. AB - Scoliosis, in particular kyphoscoliosis, is the most frequent bony abnormality in neurofibromatosis (up to 43 per cent). The most usually accepted aetiopathogenesis is a primary mesoblastic defect of the vertebrae, though other hypotheses exist. Hereditary factors have been shown to be present in about half the cases and the spinal deformity is almost always associated with skin changes, and less frequently with nerve or cardiac changes or with elefantiasis. The ages most affected are from four to eleven years, the commonest site is the dorsal spine and the average number of affected vertebrae is 5.5. There are three main radiological characteristics: widening of the spinal canal, widening of the intervertebral foraminae, and a scalloped appearance of the posterior borders of the vertebral bodies. From the point of view of prognisis the scoliosis is markedly progressive and difficult to control, even after bone maturity. In consequence, neurological symptoms frequently arise, usually as late complications. PMID- 824228 TI - The role of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of late complications of total prosthesis of the hip. (Infection, loosening, ossification). AB - Late bony infection is the most important post operative complication of total prosthesis. It is an insidiuos and often silent process, and early diagnosis is the most effective weapon for controlling it. Scintigraphy with osteotropic isotopes is a valuable diagnostic aid. It can give information even before the appearance of any radiographic changes, and can establish which component is affected in a total prosthetic replacement. It is also of help in the differential diagnosis between infection and loosening. Finally, it is a useful criterion in evaluating the progression of ectopic ossification. PMID- 824229 TI - Identification of gonococcal cultures by means of their cytoplasmic antigens and an anti-cytoplasm antiserum. AB - Soluble antigens were released by sonication from the cells of 60 primary cultures of Neiserria gonorrhoeae, 7 other species of neisseriae and 26 "mixed" cultures containing colonies of N. gonorrhoeae and other bacteria. Rabbits were injected with the soluble antigens of four strains of gonococci (clonal types 1 and 2), four other species of neisseriae and ten bacterial genera other than Neisseria. The antigens were tested against the non-absorbed antisera by a counter-immunoelectrophoresis method. It was found that the antiserum produced against the antigens of one N. gonorrhoeae strain, the strain GEK, reacted exclusively with the sonicates of all N. gonorrhoea cultures whether pure or mixed with other microorganisms. In contrast, the antisera to the antigens of all other N. gonorrhoeae strains cross-reacted with antigens of N. catarrhalis or N. sicca. Thus, the unique restricted reactivity of the anti-GEK antiserum permits its utilization as an immunological reagent for prompt identification of gonococcal cultures. PMID- 824230 TI - Comparative metabolism of radionuclides in mammals--XI. Retention of 113Sn in the mouse, rat, monkey and dog. PMID- 824231 TI - Community health education behind closed doors. PMID- 824232 TI - A community health representative program. PMID- 824233 TI - Community health education: the past, the present, the future. PMID- 824234 TI - Getting the faculty out of its ivory tower. PMID- 824235 TI - The Health Education Coordinating Council. PMID- 824236 TI - AAHE directory of institutions offering specialization in undergraduate and graduate professional preparation programs in health education. PMID- 824237 TI - Using multiple matrix sampling to assess health education knowledge. PMID- 824239 TI - Tuning in to health education. PMID- 824238 TI - Health in concert. PMID- 824240 TI - Teaching strategies for mental health. PMID- 824242 TI - Developing a student community health team. PMID- 824241 TI - Teaching ideas: about yourself. PMID- 824243 TI - Decentralizing urban health departments. PMID- 824244 TI - [Long-term respiration--tracheotomy or intubation? Experiences and follow-up results in 86 patients]. PMID- 824245 TI - Enhancement by methylated oxypurines of the frequency of induced chromosomal aberrations. IV. The dependence of the potentiation on the type of material. PMID- 824246 TI - An investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of Ro-07-0582 on hypoxic skin in primates. PMID- 824247 TI - The Stockholm breast cancer trial: preliminary report of a randomized study concerning the value of pre-operative or post-operative radiotherapy in operable disease. PMID- 824248 TI - Treatment of Hodgkin's disease using intensive chemotherapy followed by irradiation. PMID- 824249 TI - Radiation myelopathy of the thoracic spinal cord. PMID- 824250 TI - A thermodynamic method for investigation of radiation induced changes in the microcirculation of human tumors. PMID- 824251 TI - 10 MV x-ray beam characteristics from a new 18 MeV linear accelerator. PMID- 824252 TI - Reflections on breast cancer. PMID- 824253 TI - On the use of fields of negative weight to simulate blocks in radiotherapy calculations. PMID- 824254 TI - 252Cf neutron sources for interstitial afterloading. PMID- 824255 TI - A programmable calculator to acquire, verify and record radiation treatment parameters from a linear acceleration. PMID- 824256 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. Significance of dose of irradiation and volume treated in the control of the primary tumor and metastatic neck nodes. PMID- 824257 TI - Carcinoma of the floor of mouth: an analysis of treatment results and the sites and causes of failures. PMID- 824258 TI - The treatment of carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue by radiotherapy. PMID- 824259 TI - Radiation therapy of glottic carcinoma. PMID- 824260 TI - A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs. AB - The nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of Sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. Sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. The following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: S cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), S hirsuta (cat), S hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: S ovicanis (dog), S tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: S miescheriana (dog), S porcifelis n sp (cat), S porcihominis n sp (man); and 1 species in the horse: S bertrami (dog). Sarcocystis cruzi, S ovicanis, and S porcifelis are highly pathogenic to the ox, the sheep, and the pig, respectively. Clinical signs of acute bovine sarcocystosis are: anorexia, pyrexia (42 C, or more), anemia, cachexia, enlarged palpable lymph nodes, excessive salivation, and loss of hair at the tip of the tail. Anemia, anorexia, ataxia, and abortions are the chief clinical signs of acute ovine sarcocystosis. These signs are evident at the time of vascular endothelium is parasitized by schizonts. The schizonts disappear in about 1 month, and cysts are formed in the muscles. The cystic phase of sarcocystosis is virtually nonpathogenic. Carnivores shed sporocysts in their feces after ingesting the intramuscular cysts from the herbivores. Sarcocystis is nonpathogenic to the definitive host. Feline and canine coccidia are also reviewed. The following 11 species are found in cats: Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Isospora felis, Isosporarivolta, Besnoitia besnoiti, Besnoitia sp, and 5 types of Sarcocystis (S hirsuta from the ox, S tenella from the sheep, S muris from the mouse, S porcifelis from the pig, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The following 10 species are found in canine feces (Isospora canis, Isospora ohioensis, Isospora wallacei n sp; and 7 types of Sarcocystis (S cruzi from the ox, S ovicanis from the sheep, S bertrami and Sarcocystis sp from the horse, S miescheriana from the pig, S hemionilatrantis from mule deer, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The history of Isospora begemina in dogs is reviewed; life cycles of feline and canine coccidia are given; oocysts of common feline and canine coccidia are compared and illustrated; and public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is discussed, especially in relation to cats in the household of pregnant women. PMID- 824262 TI - Nonenteric Shigella infections in nonhuman primates. PMID- 824261 TI - Naturally occurring tuberculosis in a squirrel monkey and a cebus monkey. AB - Tuberculosis was detected in a Brazilian squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and in a cebus monkey (Cebus apella). Both of these animals were housed in the same room with a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) subsequently found to be tuberculous. All 3 of the monkeys died within a 4-month period. PMID- 824263 TI - Ovarian carcinoma with transcelomic metastasis in a Barbary ape. AB - An ovarian carcinoma, unique among those recorded from nonhuman primates inasmuch as it contained psammoma bodies and ciliated epithelium, was found in a Barbary ape. The tumor was characterized by transcelomic metastasis, a feature common to ovarian and uterine tube malignancies of women. PMID- 824264 TI - Prenatal and postnatal protein malnutrition in pigs: effects on growth rate, serum protein and albumin. PMID- 824265 TI - Gentamicin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a burns unit. PMID- 824266 TI - Localization of tetramethylphenylenediamine-oxidase in the outer cell wall layer of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - A highly active tetramethylphenylenediamine-oxidase has been found in association with the cell wall blebs, evaginations of the outer wall membrane, of Neisseria meningitidis. Isolated wall blebs consumed oxygen in the presence of ascorbate tetramethylphenylenediamine but not in the presence of succinate, whereas cell envelope preparations are active in both substrates. The ratio of succinate dehydrogenase/tetramethylphenylenediamine-oxidase activities in preparations of envelopes was approximately 100 times that in isolated wall blebs, indicating that the outer membrane preparations were highly purified. PMID- 824267 TI - Pleiotropic, extragenic suppression of dna mutants in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Thermosensitive (dna) mutants of Bacillus subtilis defective in deoxyribonucleic acid replication can be divided into two groups on the basis of their ability to spontaneously yield secondary mutants with an HDS phenotype (thermoin-sensitivity and resistance to aryl-azo-pyrimidines) at frequencies higher than 10(-8). Such a phenotype is due to alleles at the hds locus (mapping close to cysA), which act as extragenic pleiotropic suppressors. HDS suppressibility has been used as a screening tool to identify new dna strains among uncharacterized temperature sensitive mutants. PMID- 824268 TI - Physiology and metabolism of pathogenic neisseria: tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Tricarboyxlic acid cycle activity was examined in Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS-7. The catabolism of glucose in N. gonorrheae by a combination of the Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways resulted in the accumulation of acetate, which was not further catabolized until the glucose was depleted or growth became limiting. Radiorespirometric studies revealed that the label in the 1 position of acetate was converted to CO2 at twice the rate of the label in the 2 position, indicating the presence of a tricarboxylic acid cycle. Growth on glucose markedly reduced the levels of all tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes except citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7). Extracts of glucose-grown cells contained detectable levels of all tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes except aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), and a pyridine nucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). Extracts of cells capable of oxidizing acetate lacked only the pyridine nucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase. In lieu of this enzyem, a particulate pyridine nucleotide-independent malate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.3) was present. This enzyme required flavin adenine dinucleotide for activity and appeared to be associated with the electron transport chain. Radiorespirometric studies utilizing labeled glutamate demonstrated that a portion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle functioned during glucose catabolism. In spite of the presence of all tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, N. gonorrhoeae CS 7 was unable to grow in medium supplemented with cycle intermediates. PMID- 824269 TI - Regulation of histidinol phosphate aminotransferase synthesis by tryptophan in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The effect of tryptophan on the synthesis of histidinol phosphate aminotransferase and prephenate dehydrogenase has been examined. The genes specifying two enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis (anthranilate synthase and tryptophan synthase-B) were found to be derepressed in a temporal sequence according to their chromosomal location. The genes for histidinol phosphate aminotransferase and prephenate dehydrogenase were derepressed simultaneously approximately 8 min after tryptophan synthase-B. When excess tryptophan was added to a derepressed culture, the pattern of repression of trpE (anthranilate synthase), trpB (tryptophan synthase-B), hisH (histidinol phosphate aminotransferase), and tyrA (prephenate dehydrogenase) was found to be simultaneous. Methyl tryptophan-resistant mutants, which synthesize elevated levels of the tryptophan enzymes, also synthesized elevated levels of histidinol phosphate aminotransferase. Qualitatively similar data were obtained in a temperature-sensitive tryptophanyl-transferase ribonucleic acid synthetase mutant grown at elevated temperatures. The time at which messenger ribonucleic acid was synthesized for anthranilate synthase, tryptophan synthase-B, histidinol phosphate aminotransferase, and prephenate dehydrogenase in the presence of actinomycin D indicated that ordered enzyme synthesis was a result of ordered transcription of the corresponding portion of the genome. The effect of the drug rifampin on enzyme synthesis was also examined. The addition of this drug halted the transcription of anthranilate synthase very rapidly, but later regions of the tryptophan region continued to be transcribed. The transcription of the hisH and tyrA genes was also shut off rapidly after rifampin was added. The significance of these observations to the control of transcription of the hisH gene by tryptophan is discussed. PMID- 824270 TI - Changes in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activities in synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activities in Bacillus subtilis strains Marburg 168 (thy-trp2) and D22, a DNA polymerase I-deficient mutant, were measured at various stages of sporulation. The DNA polymerase I activity, which had decreased after the exponential growth, began to increase at the early stage of sporulation, reached a maximum and then again decreased. The activity of neither DNA polymerase II nor III was observed to change so drastically as that of DNA polymerase I during sporulation. The incorporation of [3H]deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate ([3H]dTTP) into Brij 58-treated permeable cells increased during sporulation. The stimulation of [3H]dTTP incorporation into the cells by irradiation with ultraviolet light was also observed to coincide with DNA polymerase I activity. In strain D22 the activities of DNA polymerase II and III were almost constant with time. Neither change of [3H]dTTP incorporation into Brij 58-treated cells nor stimulation of incorporation by irradiation with ultraviolet light was observed. PMID- 824271 TI - Interaction of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae plasmids in Aeromonas salmonicida. AB - We observed that Aeromonas salmonicida ARO200 will maintain either or both the Pseudomonas R-factor, pMG1, and Enterobacteriaceae R-factors. This bacterial strain, therefore, provides a unique background wherein the host ranges of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae plasmods overlap. Co-maintenance of these plasmids resulted in behavior of plasmid aggregates that allowed transfer of R dterminants beyond the host range of the parent plasmid. We observed that the ARO200 genetic background facilitated the redistribution of B determinants among unrelated and conjugally noninterfertile gram-negative bacteria. Aberrant behavior resulting in the deletion of R-determinants for plasmids singly maintained in ARO200 was also observed. Plasmids studied included RP1, R702, IncP; Rs-a, IncW; R192.7, IncFII; R64-11, IncI; R390, IncN; and R6K, IncX. PMID- 824272 TI - Acceptance and transfer of R-factor RP1 by members of the "herbicola" group of the genus Erwinia. AB - The R-factor RP1 was transferred by conjugation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO12r(RPI) to various strains of Erwinia herbicola and to one strain of Erwinia stewartii. The exconjugate strains had minimum inhibitory concentration values for carbenicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, and tetracycline somewhat lower than the corresponding values for the pseudomonad RP1 donor strain. The biochemical characteristics of the exconjugant strains displayed minor variation in some instances from those of the corresponding R- strains. Sensitivity of the RP1+ strains to the RP1-specific bacteriophages PRD1 and PRR1 varied from an efficiency of plating [compared with P. aeruginosa PA067(RP1)] of 0 [E. herbicola Y46(RP1)] to 133 [E. herbicola Y190(RP1)] and 148 [E. stewartii SS104R(RP1)] for PRD1, and from 0 [E. herbicola Y46(RP1)] to 0.0002 [E. herbicola Y185(RP1)] and 18.4 [E. stewartii SS104R(RP1)] for PRR1. The phage-resistant strain E. herbicola Y46(RP1), would donate, by conjugation, the R-factor to E. herbicola Y46rifr, P, aeruginosa PAT900, or Escherichia coli UB1005 only at extremely low frequencies, if at all. Transformation of E. coli JC7620 by covalently closed circular DNA from E. herbicola Y46(RP1) gave and E. coli R+ strain exhibiting the expected antibiotic resistance pattern and having the ability to donate RP1 by conjugation. It is suggested (i) that some strains of E. herbicola RP1 either do not produce RP1 pili or produce defective pili, and (ii) that sensitivity to the bacteriophages PRD1 and PRR1 is not a suitable means of diagnosing the presence RP1 in E. herbicola strains. PMID- 824273 TI - Postirradiation recovery dependent on the uvr-1 locus in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A mutant (uvr-1) of Bacillus subtilis that is deficient in excision of ultraviolet (UV)-induced pyrimidine dimers from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) shows a marked increase in ability to survive UV irradiation when plated on amino acid supplemented agar medium compared with its survival ability when plated on nutrient plating medium, the effect is considered to be one of growth-dependent lethality. Irradiated stationary phase uvr-1 cells, incubated in liquid medium lacking amino acids required for growth, recover from this sensitivity to rich medium within 3 to 4 h after irradiation. Recovery is greatly reduced in the absence of glucose oiminated. Exponentially growing cells have a limited ability to recover from sensitivity to rich medium. Growth-dependent lethality can also occur in liquid medium. In nutrient broth the ability of irradiated stationary phase uvr-1 cells to form colonies on defined agar medium decreases during postirradiation incubation, but treatmeth with chloramphenicol inhibits the loss of colony-forming ability. Recovery from sensitivity to rich media is inhibited by caffeine but not by 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil, and inhibitor of DNA replication. Alkaline sucrose gradient profiles show that conditions allowing recovery also favor maintaining intact DNA strands, whereas DNA strand breakage or degradation is associated with loss of viability. Recovery from sensitivity to rich medium has not been observed in the Ur+ parent or in strains carrying the mutations uvs-42 (another deficiency in dimer excision), recA1, or polA59. A uvr 1 recA1 mutants shows a higher level of recovery than does the recA1 single mutant, but a much lower level than the uvr-1 single mutant. Apparently, both the uvr-1 defect and Rec+ and PoII+ functions are essential for recovery from sensitivity to rich medium. For optimal recovery, growth immediately after irradiation must be delayed. The process requires energy, apparently involves recombination, and probably results in rejoining of DNA strands in which incision but not excision has occurred. PMID- 824274 TI - Outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. XII. Molecular-sieving function of cell wall. AB - The permeability function the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria such as Salmoenlla was investigated by producing cells with an expanded periplasmic volume, and incubating them with radioactive non-utilizable oligo- and polysaccharides or polyethylene glycols. To quantitative the extent of penetration of these hydrophilic compounds into the periplasm, the radioactivity of the cell pellet was determined after centrifugation. We found that only di- and trisaccharides could fully diffuse into the periplasm, whereas higher molecular-weight saccharides were nonpenetrable. In addition, low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols rapidly diffused across the cell wall. Kinetics experiments also showed that both sucrose and raffinose in the periplasm exchanged rapidly with sugars in the medium, even at 0 degrees C. These results suggest that the cell wall acts as a molecular sieve, with an exclusion limit near 550 to 650 daltons for saccharides. We also suggest that the diffusion of these hydrophilic compounds most likely occurs through water-filled pores present in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 824277 TI - Site-specific deoxyribonucleases in Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus strains. AB - We systematically studied site-specific deoxyribonucleases in Bacillus strains and detected deoxyribonuclease activities in 20 of 62 strains tested. PMID- 824275 TI - Transformation of Streptococcus sanguis Challis by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Streptococcus faecalis, strain DS5, was transferred to the Challis strain of Streptococcus sanguis by transformation. Two antibiotic resistance markers carried by the beta plasmid from strain DS5, erythromycin and lincomycin, were transferred to S. sanguis at a maximum frequency of 1.8 x 10-5/colony-forming unit. Approximately 70% of the covalently closed circular DNA isolated from transformant cultures by dye buoyant density gradients was shown to be hybridizable to beta plasmid DNA. Two major differences were observed between the beta plasmid from S. faecalis and the plasmid isolated from transformed S. sanguis: (i) the beta plasmid from strain DS5 sedimented in velocity gradients at 43S, whereas the covalently closed circular DNA from transformed Challis sedimented at 41S, suggesting a 1.5-Mdal deletion from the beta plasmid occurred; (ii) although the 43S beta plasmid remained in the supercoiled configuration for several weeks after isolation, the 41S plasmid was rapidly converted to a linear double-stranded molecule. Attempts to transform S. sanguis with the alpha plasmid from S. faecalis, strain DS5, were unsuccessful. PMID- 824276 TI - Physical characterization of Caulobacter crescentus flagella. AB - Preparations of intact flagella isolated from Caulobacter crescentus CB13B1a were found to contain two protein species of apparent molecular weights 28,000 and 25,000. Both proteins cross-reacted completely with each other and with purified flagella in Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion assays. The amino acid compositions of the isolated proteins were similar to one another but precluded any precursor-product relationship. Absence of both the 25,000- and 28,000 molecular-weight proteins from a number of nonmotile mutants and the simultaneous reappearance of these proteins in a motile revertant provide further evidence of the relationship of these two proteins to flagellar structure. PMID- 824279 TI - Resporulation of outgrowing Bacillus subtilis spores. AB - Germinated spores of Bacillus subtilis were incubated in outgrowth medium and tested periodically for capacity to sporulate when suspended in sporulation medium. Concurrent measurements were made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content and numbers of cell division septa and nucleoids. Sporulation potential is shown to reach a peak at about 110 min at which time the chromosomes are probably well into the second round of replication. Experiments with nalidixic acid show that sporulation potential can be generated in the outgrowth medium even when DNA synthesis is largely prevented. Further experiments show that nalidixic acid apparently does not prevent the formation of DNA initiation complexes, which can subsequently function after resuspension in the sporulation medium. The results support those previously obtained with a temperature-sensitive DNA mutant which indicated that sporulation could only be induced at a specific stage of chromosome replication, and then only if the cells are in a state of nutritional "step-down". PMID- 824280 TI - Effect of netropsin on the derepression of enzymes during growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Netropsin, a polypeptide antibiotic which binds specifically to adenylate thymidylate-rich regions of deoxyribonucleic acid, inhibitis sporulation at about stage II, but does not inhibit growth of Bacillys subtilis. An analysis of the sporulation-associated enzymes aconitase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose dehydrogenase revealed that their rates of expression were not affected by the presence of the antibiotic. The derepression of histidase, a vegetatively induced enzyme was stimulated by netropsin. Oxygen utilization by the cells during sporulation was not effected nor was spore germination prevented by the drug. Netropsin, however, did prevent the formation of dipicolinic acid. These and earlier results suggest that netropsin may be affecting the transcription of only select sporulation genes that are particularly rich in adenylate-thymidylate base pairs. PMID- 824281 TI - Isolation of dicarboxylic acid- and glucose-binding proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Inducible binding proteins for C4-dicarboxylic acids (DBP) and glucose (GBP) were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by extraction of exponential-phase cells with 0.2 M MgC12 (pH 8.5) and by an osmotic shock procedure without affecting cell viability. DBP synthesis was induced by growth on aspartate, alpha ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and malonate but not by growth on acetate, citrate, pyruvate, or glucose. Binding of succinate by DBP was competitively inhibited by 10-fold concentrations of fumarate and malate but not by a variety of related substances. GBP synthesis and transport of methyl alpha glucoside by whole cells were induced by growth on glucose or pyruvate plus galactose, 2-deoxyglucose, or methyl alpha-glucoside but not by growth on gluconate, succinate, acetate, or pyruvate. The binding of radioactive glucose by GBP was significantly inhibited by 10-fold concentrations of glucose, galactose, and glucose-1-phosphate but not by the other carbohydrates tested. The binding of glucose by GBP or succinate by DBP did not result in any chemical alteration of the substrates. PMID- 824282 TI - Derepressed synthesis of cellulase by Cellulomonas. AB - A Cellulomonas sp. was isolated from the soil which hydrolyzed cellulose, as shown by clear-zone formation on cellulose agar medium. Catabolite repression of cellulase synthesis occurred when moderate levels of glucose were added to the medium. A stable mutant that no longer exhibits catabolite repression was produced through treatment of the wild-type organism with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. Both enzyme concentration and specific activity, as determined by the rate of hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose, were greater with the mutant than with the wild-type organism under various test conditions. The wild type had no measurable cellulase activity when grown in the presence of either 1.0% glucose or cellobiose. Cellobiose, but not glucose, inhibited enzyme activity towards both cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose. Cellobiose, cellulose, and sophorose at low concentrations induced cellulase synthesis in both the wild-type and the mutant organism. Cellulase regulation appears to depend upon a complex relationship involving catabolite repression, inhibition, and induction. PMID- 824278 TI - Linkages between deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell division in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Addition of chloramphenicol or 0.5 M glycerol to growing Myxococcus xanthus resulted in an immediate cessation of cell division and 40% net increase in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Although the chloramphenicol-treated cells divided in the presence of nalidixic acid after chloramphenicol was removed, glycerol induced myxospores required DNA synthesis for subsequent cell division. Myxospores prepared from chloramphenicol-treated cells lost this potential to divide in the presence of nalidixic acid. The "critical period" of DNA synthesis necessary for cell division after germination overlapped in time (3 to 5 h) with initiation of net DNA synthesis. The length of the critical period of DNA synthesis was estimated at 12 min, or 5% of the M. xanthus chromosome. The requirement for cell division during germination also involved ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis after DNA synthesis. The data suggest that replication at or near the origin of the chromosome triggers the formation of a protein product that is necessary but not sufficient for subsequent cell division; DNA termination is also required. During myxospore formation, the postulated protein is destroyed, thereby reestablishing and making apparent this linkage between early DNA synthesis and cell division. PMID- 824283 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase activity in ether-treated cells of Agmenellum quadruplicatum. AB - Ribonucleotide (cytidine 5'-diphosphate) reductase activity can be detected in situ in cells of the blue-green alga Agmenellum quadruplicatum, strain PR-6, after the cells are made permeable by treatment with ether. The Agmenellum reductase resembles the enzyme from Escherichia coli. PMID- 824284 TI - Purification of human plasma kallikrein and urokinase by affinity chromatography. AB - L-Homoarginine benzylester was coupled with Sepharose 4B and used for affinity chromatography of human plasma kallikrein [EC 3.4.21.8] and urokinase [EC 3.4.99.26]. The euglobulin fraction of human plasma was treated with disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA) and activated with acetone, and then kallikrein was purified 16-fold by affinity chromatography. The yield of kallikrein activity on affinity chromatography was 53%. The purified preparation of human plasma kallikrein appeared to be homogenous on gel electrophoresis. Commercial urokinase was also purified 4.8-fold with 64% yield by affinity chromatography. PMID- 824285 TI - Freezing of actin. Reversible oxidation of a sulfhydryl group and structural change. AB - It was found that the essential change in actin (whether G- or F-actin) on freeze thawing was the specific oxidation of one of five sulfhydryl (SH) groups, i.e. the SH group of Cys 373 in the amino acid sequence. Oxidized SH groups formed an inter-molecular disulfide (SS) bond to yield an actin dimer. F-actin, subjected to freeze-thawing (or F-actin obtained by the transformation of once frozen G actin which is essentially a dimer), has anomalous physico-chemical properties and a different conformation from normal F-actin, as determined by optical and electron microscopic observations, as well as high steady ATP-splitting activity in the presence of Mg2+. However, it was found that those peculiarities disappeared and normal actin was reformed on reducing the oxidized SH group with dithiothreitol (DTT). It was also found that the normal characteristics of actin were preserved for more than four months on freezing in the presence of a sufficient amount of DTT. PMID- 824286 TI - Isolation and identification of the messenger ribonucleic acid for a structural lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. AB - The cells of Escherichia coli strain CP 78 were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate and the total radioactive RNA was prepared from the cells. The mRNA that codes for a structural lipoprotein in the outer membrane was purified from the total RNA by three successive electrophoreses on polyacrylamide slab gels, twice at pH 8.3 and once at pH 3.5 in 7 M urea. Approximately 0.002% of the total radioactive phosphate used was incorporated into the fraction containing the most purified mRNA. The two-dimensional fingerprint of the T1 ribonuclease digest of the 32P labeled mRNA showed that the purity of the mRNA was as high as 90%. A preliminary sequence analysis was carried out on the T1 ribonuclease oligonucleotides which had been separated by the fingerprinting procedure. By using the established amino acid sequence of the lipoprotein and the genetic code, three relatively long oligonucleotides were assigned to code for three different parts of the lipoprotein. From these data, the present RNA fraction was identified as the lipoprotein mRNA. From the analysis of the T1 ribonuclease oligonucleotides, the mRNA was estimated to be 360 +/- 10 nucleotides in length. Although the length of the mRNA was enough to code for 2 lipoprotein molecules, T1 ribonuclease digestion of the mRNA yielded only 1 mol/mol of mRNA of the individual oligonucleotides assigned to parts of the amino acid sequence of the lipoprotein. This suggests that the mRNA codes for only 1 molecule of the lipoprotein. It was also found that the mRNA has no polyadenylate sequence at the 3' end. PMID- 824287 TI - In vitro uptake of vitamin A from the retinol-binding plasma protein to mucosal epithelial cells from the monkey's small intestine. AB - The in vitro uptake of retinol from its plasma carrier protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP), to the cells of the monkey's small intestine has been studied. [3H]Retinol was readily delivered from the RBP to the cells without a concomitant cellular uptake of the RBP. The [3H]retinol accumulation in the cells was dependent on the temperature and was virtually abolished at 0 degrees. Several metabolic inhibitors could not impede the uptake process. The cellular [3H]retinol accumulation was linear for about 45 min and exhibited characteristic saturation kinetics. The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab' fragments against RBP. In contrast, free, unlabeled retinol and the metabolite form of RBP, lacking retinol and affinity for prealbumin, were inactive. It is therefore suggested that there is a receptor for vitamin A on the cell surface which recognizes the protein part of the protein-ligand complex. PMID- 824288 TI - Activity of glycogen phosphorylase in the crystalline state. AB - Glutaraldehyde cross-linked crystals of muscle phosphorylase a and b (alpha-1,4 glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.1) in the tetragonal form have been shown to be catalytically active in the direction of saccharide synthesis. Precession x-ray photographs at 5.5 A resolution of a single crystal of cross-linked phosphorylase b at the hol zone indicate little change in the diffraction pattern when compared to non-cross-linked phosphorylase b under similar conditions. Non-cross-linked crystals crack and dissolve in the presence of both substrates, maltopheptaose and glucose 1-phosphate, although they are stable in the presence of each individually. These phenomena are prevented by treatment with glutaraldehyde, which causes a marked increase in mechanical stability and completely suppresses solubilization of the enzyme under our assay conditions. Diffusion of substrates into cross-linked microcrystals does not appear to be rate-limiting and assays of such crystals are linear with respect to both time and enzyme concentration. Kinetic constants for both substrates are reported. The maximal velocities of phosphorlyase a are larger than those of phosphorylase b in both the soluble and crystalline states under our assay conditions, with the above substrates. It appears that crystallization (and cross linking) reduces maximal velocities by about 11- to 50-fold in the case of phosphorylase b and 50- to 100-fold for phosphorylase a. Little or no differences were found between the Km values for maltoheptaose or glucose 1-phosphate in the soluble or crystalline states. Kinetic data suggest that substrate binding sites are similar in both states. Although loss of catalytic efficiency points to differences in the active site of the enzyme caused by crystallization, another explanation is that the crystal is restricting a conformational change that is an essential part of the catalytic cycle. PMID- 824289 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of both bones of the forearm. A case report. PMID- 824290 TI - Postradiation chondrosarcoma. A case report. PMID- 824291 TI - Causal relations among cell cycle processes in Tetrahymena pyriformis. An analysis employing temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - Utilization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Tetrahymena pyriformis affected in cell division or developmental pathway selection has permitted elucidation of causal dependencies interrelating micronuclear and macronuclear replication and division, oral development, and cytokinesis. In those mutants in which cell division is specifically blocked at restrictive temperatures, micronuclear division proceeds with somewhat accelerated periodicity but maintains normal coupling to predivision oral development. Macronuclear division is almost totally suppressed in an early acting mutant (mola) that prevents formation of the fission zone, and is variably affected in other mutants (such as mo3) that allow the fission zone to form but arrest constriction. However, macronuclear DNA synthesis can proceed for about four cycles in the nondividing mutant cells. A second class of mutants (psm) undergoes a switch of developmental pathway such that cells fail to enter division but instead repeatedly carry out an unusual type of oral replacement while growing in nutrient medium at the restrictive temperature. Under these circumstances no nuclei divide, yet macronuclear DNA accumulation continues. These results suggest that (a) macronuclear division is stringently affected by restriction of cell division, (b) micronuclear division and replication can continue in cells that are undergoing the type of oral development that is characteristic of division cycles, and (c) macronuclear DNA synthesis can continue in growing cells regardless of their developmental status. The observed relationships among events are consistent with the further suggestion that the cell cycle in this organism may consist of separate clusters of events. with a varying degree of coupling among clusters. A minimal model of the Tetrahymena cell cycle that takes these phenomena into account is suggested. PMID- 824293 TI - Retention of mRNA on the endoplasmic reticulum membranes after in vivo disassembly of polysomes by an inhibitor of initiation. AB - Membrane-bound ribosomes and messenger RNA remained associated with the microsomal membranes of human fibroblasts after cultures were treated with Verrucarin A, an inhibitor of initiation which led to extensive run-off of ribosomes from polysomal structures. When a membrane fraction from Verrucarin treated cells containing such inactive ribosomes and mRNA was suspended in a medium of high salt concentration, extensive release of ribosomal subunits occurred without the need for puromycin. The mRNA nevertheless remained associated with the membranes. These results add support to the conclusion that, in human fibroblasts, mRNA is bound directly to ER membranes, independently of the ribosomes and nascent polypeptide chains. PMID- 824292 TI - Paramyosin in invertebrate muscles. I. Identification and localization. AB - By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion, we identified paramyosin in two smooth invertebrate "catch" muscles (Mytilus anterior byssus retractor and Mercenaria opaque adductor) and five invertebrate striated muscles (Limulus telson levator, Homarus claw muscle, Balanus scutal depressor, Lethocerus air tube retractor, and Aequipecten striated adductor). We show that (a) the paramyosins in all of these muscles have the same chain weights and (b) they are immunologically similar. We stained all of these muscles with specific antibody to Limulus paramyosin using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Paramyosin was localized to the A bands of the glycerinated striated muscles, and diffus fluorescence was seen throughout the glycerinated fibers of the smooth catch muscles. The presence of paramyosin in Homarus claw muscle, Balanus scutal depressor, and Lethocerus air tube retractor is shown here for the first time. Of the muscles in this study, Limulus telson levator is the only one for which the antiparamyosin staining pattern has been previously reported. PMID- 824294 TI - Prevention of oral infections in patients receiving cancer therapy. PMID- 824295 TI - The use of tenax for the extraction of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from water. II. Tests with artificially polluted and natural waters. AB - The application of Tenax to the extraction of organic micro-pollutants such as pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls from waters has been studied, and it has been observed that also in the presence of other pollutants (oil, surface-active substances, etc.) the results obtained with an absorption column of Tenax-Celite are equivalent to those obtained with the continuous liquid-liquid extraction technique. For natural waters that contain solids in suspension that adsorb pesticides, it may be necessary to filter the water before extraction with Tenax and then to extract the suspended solids separately. Analyses of river and estuarine sea waters, filtered before extraction, showed the effectiveness of Tenax, and the extracts obtained for the pesticides analysis prove to be much less contaminated by interfering substances than the corresponding extracts obtained by the liquid-liquid technique. PMID- 824296 TI - Effect of N3im-methyl-thyrotropin releasing hormone on the human pituitary thyroid axis. AB - The N3im-methyl analogue of thyrotropin release hormone (methyl-TRH) was compared with TRH as a thyrotropin releaser in 30 euthyroid volunteers (ages 19-61 years). The mean TSH response to 100 mug of methyl-TRH was greater (P less than 0.005) than the TSH response to 500 mug of TRH from 10 min to 240 min after giving the releasing factors. The mean peak TSH (at 30 min), maximum deltaTSH, and integrated TSH response area were greater (P less than 0.005) after administration of methyl-TRH than after TRH. The TSH response to methyl-TRH was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) for the 11 females than for the 19 males in this study. The mean baseline TSH was correlated with the maximum deltaTSH (r = 0.72, P less than 0.01) after methyl-TRH stimulation. The mean serum T3 concentration after methyl-TRH was significantly elevated at 60 min, peaked at 210 min and remained significantly elevated at 240 min. The peak serum T3, maximum T3 and T3 response area were significantly greater (P less than 0.005) after giving methyl-TRH than after TRH. The methyl-TRH induced T3 response area was 1.4 times the TRH induced T3 response area. The serum T4 concentration after methyl-TRH was elevated at 90 min (P less than 0.005), reached a peak at 210 min, and at 240 min was still 1.25 times the mean baseline T4. The peak serum T4, maximum deltaT4 and T4 response area after methyl-TRH were significantly greater than after TRH. The methyl-TRH induced T4 response area was 1.4 times the TRH induced T4 response area. The data indicate that methyl-TRH is a more potent thyrotropin releaser than TRH. Since N3im-methyl-histidine has been found in the brain, the possibility that this methyl analogue of TRH is a physiologic thyrotropin releaser should be evaluated. PMID- 824297 TI - Prolactin response to N3im-methyl-thyrotropin releasing hormone in euthyroid subjects. AB - The N3im-methyl analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (methyl-TRH) was compared with ordinary TRH as a prolactin (PRL) releaser in 32 euthyroid volunteers (20 male and 12 female, ages 17-66 years). The mean PRL response to 100 mug of methyl-TRH was greater (P less than 0.025) than the PRL response to 500 mug of TRH at 10 min and at all sampling times from 30 to 240 min after administration of the releasing factors. The mean peak PRL (at 10 min), maximum deltaPRL, and integrated PRL response area were greater (P less than 0.025) after administration of methyl-TRH than after TRH. The PRL response to methyl-TRH was greater (P less than 0.005) for the 12 women than for the 20 men in this study. The mean baseline PRL was correlated with the peak PRL (r=0.74, P less than 0.01) and the maximum deltaPRL (r=0.58, P less than 0.01) after methyl-TRH. Following administration of methyl-TRH, the peak PRL was correlated with the peak TSH (r=0.43, P less than 0.05), the maximum deltaPRL was correlated with the maximum deltaTSH (r=0.43, P less than 0.05), and integrated PRL response area was correlated with the integrated TSH response area (r=0.44, P less than 0.05). Similar correlations between PRL and TSH responses were seen after giving TRH. Age was inversely correlated with baseline PRL (r=-0.55, P less than 0.01), with maximum deltaPRL (r=-0.64, P less than 0.01), and with the PRL response area (r=0.48, P less than 0.01) after administration of methyl-TRH or TRH. Methyl-TRH did not significantly alter serum levels of growth hormone (16 subjects) and luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (14 subjects). The results of this study indicate that methyl-TRH is a more potent prolactin releaser than TRH. Like TRH, methyl-TRH has specificity in its effects on the pituitary, releasing only TSH and PRL in normal man. PMID- 824298 TI - Human lactational response to oral thyrotropin releasing hormone. AB - Several studies were designed to evaluate the effect of oral TRH on prolactin (PRL) secretion and mammary function in nursing women. Initially, efficacy was studied in nursing women following 5 mg TRH. PRL levels rose to a mean maximum of 46.3 ng/ml above baseline at 60 min. Plasma TSH also incresed from a mean baseline of 2.6 to 17.6 muU/ml at 180 min. No changes were observed following placebo. In order to observe the long term effects of oral TRH, two groups of women in full nursing were studied. Beginning on day 29 postpartum, either 5 mg TRH or placebo were taken twice daily for four weeks. No chronic elevations were observed in maternal PRL and TSH or in infant TSH before or after one month of either regimen. Milk composition expressed in terms of per cent protein and per cent fat did not differ between the groups. Weekly gonadotropin levels were also similar as were infant weight gain and growth. In a group of women with lactational insufficiency receiving 5-20 mg TRH twice daily for five days, basal PRL concentrations markedly increased. While changes in milk composition were not significant, fat percentages increased slightly and protein percentages declined. Breast engorgement and milk letdown increased and full nursing was restored. While the oral TRH used in fully nursing women had no demonstrable effect on mammary function, it may prove useful in those women with lactational insufficiency. Because two women developed iatrogenic hyperthyroidism following 40 mg oral TRH twice daily, care must be exercised in determining the dosage to be employed. PMID- 824299 TI - Gel filtration profile of immunoreactive thyrotropin and subunits of human pituitaries. AB - Pituitary extracts from five patients with atrophic asymptomatic thyroiditis and from five subjects without any endocrine disease, matched for sex and age, were passed through gel filtration columns and the collected fractions were analyzed in three different radioimmunoassays (hTSH-anti-hTSH; hTSHbeta-anti-pTSH; hLHAlpha-anti-LHalpha). In the alpha subunit system, every profile showed a first peak corresponding to the elution position of the intact hTSH molecule and second peak, often more important, of free alpha chain. In the beta subunit system, a high molecular weight immunoreactive protein (big hTSHBeta) was found in seven pituitary extracts; cross-reacting intact hTSH molecule was eluted as a second peak and free Beta chain was detected in all the extracts. Free alpha chain was generally found in greater amount than free Beta. In the hTSH system, every elution pattern showed a peak of intact hTSH and another in the subunit area. In six pituitary extracts (5 thyroiditis, 1 control), a high mol wt protein was eluted (big hTSH). Its predominant presence in thyroiditis extracts seems important in view of the already described immunological heterogeneity of pituitary hTSH. PMID- 824300 TI - A study of pituitary function in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - Pituitary function was assessed in twelve male patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Though clinical features suggestive of hypogonadism were noted in nine cases, impaired pituitary function was demonstrated in only two instances. Our findings suggest that factors other than pituitary or testicular failure contribute significantly to the occurrence of sexual hypofunction and other features suggestive of hypogonadism seen in many of these patients. PMID- 824302 TI - Delayed pituitary hormone response to LRF and TRF in patients with anorexia nervosa and with secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss. AB - The qualitative and quantitative responses of LRF-induced LH and FSH release and TRF-induced TSH and Prolactin (PRL) release were evaluated in 21 patients with anorexia nervosa, 19 patients with secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss (SWL) who did not fulfill the psychologic criteria for anorexia nervosa, and 7 normal women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Basal plasma LH and FSH were significantly lower in the anorexia nervosa group compared to the SWL group and normals (P less than 0.05). The LRF-induced integrated LH responses, however, were the same in the 3 groups and the integrated FSH responses were greater in the underweight groups when compared to normal. The time of the peak LH response (mean+/-SE) was signifantly delayed (P less than 0.01) in both the anorexia nervosa (49 +/- 6.1 min) and SWL (28 +/- 2.5 min) groups when compared to normal (17 +/- 2.3 min). The time of the FSH response was significantly delayed (P less than 0.05) in anorexia nervosa (95 +/- 9.6 min) when compared to normals (35 +/0 7.9 min) and SWL patients (62 +/- 11.7 min). Normal basal TSH and PRL and normal peak TSH and PRL responses to TRF were found in anorexia nervosa. The time of the TSH and PRL peak (56+/-8.9 and 36+/ 3.6 min,, respectively) in anorexia nervosa was significantly later than normal (26 +/- 1.7 and 36 +/- 3.6 min respectively) (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that despite normal quantitative response to releasing hormones, there are abnormally delayed responses in both anorexia nervosa and SWL patients. The SWL responses were intermediate between those of the anorexia nervosa group and normals. The constellation of normal quantitative but abnormal kinetic LRF and TRF responses supports the hypothesis that the endocrine changes seen in anorexia nervosa are consistent with hypothalamic dysfunction. PMID- 824301 TI - Changes in serum thyrotropin (TSH) in man during halofenate administration. AB - Halofenate, a serum lipid-lowering agent which inhibits binding of thyroid hormone to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), was administered daily for 14 days to 8 hypothyroid subjects with elevated TSH concentrations as a result of incomplete thyroxine (T4) therapy. Drug administration resulted in mean increases in serum dialyzable fraction T4 (DFT4) of 52% over pretreatment levels (P less than 0.01) and in dialyzable fraction triiodothyronine (DFT3) of 26% in 7 subjects, (P less than 0.01). During halofenate treatment in these 7 subjects, serum TSH concentrations decreased significantly (mean = 39%, P less than 0.01) when DFT4 and DFT3 were increased by halofenate. In only two subjects was there a convincing temporal relationship between increased serum absolute free T4 (AFT4) and decreased serum TSH concentrations. Contrary to what would be predicted from the "free hormone hypothesis", changes in serum TSH concentration in these hypothyroid patients appeared to relate primarily to changes in the free fraction of circulating T4 and T3 (DFT4, DFT3), rather than to alterations in AFT4 or AFT3. Halofenate did not alter serum TBG binding capacity. An eighth subject did not show increased DFT4 and DFT3 during halofenate treatment despite achievement of therapeutic serum levels of the agent; in this patient, serum TSH levels rose progressively throughout the period of inadequate T4 replacement and halofenate administration. In hypothyroid patients, short-term halofenate use suggests that the pituitary-thyroid hormone feedback circuit can respond to increases in serum DFT4 and DFT3 in the absence of detactable increases in absolute free hormone concentrations. PMID- 824303 TI - Hyperthyroidism with elevated plasma TSH levels and pituitary tumor: study with somatostatin. AB - In a 51-year-old man with hyperthyroidism, elevated plasma TSH levels, and evidence of pituitary tumor, plasma TSH levels decreased from a mean basal value of 11 muU/ml to 6 mu/u/ml during the infusion of 200 mug of somatostatin in 60 min. Thyrotropin releasing factor failed to increase plasma TSH levels. T3 administration failed to supress significantly the elevated thyroid 131I uptake. During T3 administration plasma TSH levels showed a downtrend but were not clearly suppressed. These findings are discussed in light of the pertinent literature. PMID- 824305 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunossay for rapid detection and identification of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique was adapted for the rapid detection and identification of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in clinical specimens. PMID- 824306 TI - Current concepts in ultrasonic vascular anatomy. PMID- 824304 TI - Antagonistic action of Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus faecalis to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus faecalis were found to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Lowenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11 agars, but not on the latter medium when antibacterial drugs were added. S. faecalis was found to be more inhibitory than S. salivarius to 15 strains of M. tuberculosis. S. salivarius produced little or no inhibition of growth of Runyon group III organisms but was very antagonistic to Runyon group I mycobacteria. PMID- 824307 TI - Sagittal images of the heart. PMID- 824308 TI - Education training programs in ultrasound. PMID- 824309 TI - In Memoriam--Dr. von Micsky. PMID- 824310 TI - The William Fry Award. PMID- 824311 TI - The ultrasonic boom. PMID- 824312 TI - Echoencephalographs of 100 consecutive acute psychiatric admissions. AB - Echoencephalography (ECHO) on 100 consecutive acute short-term psychiatric admissions showed a high (12 per cent) incidence of abnormalities. Incidence of midline ECHO abnormalities was 2 per cent, comparable to similar studies. Ventricular enlargement accounted for the majority of ECHO abnormalities. This study also confirmed a previous report of a relationship between third ventricular size and response to treatment. Use of the ECHO as a screening test for these patients was safe and rapid. Correlative studies tended to confirm ECHO findings. PMID- 824313 TI - An ultrasonogram display system using a natural color scale. AB - The gray scale display used in B scan ultrasonography limits the perceptibility of clinically useful information. Presentation in color can increase perceptibility, but current color displays have no natural scale and may have the fault of a discrete color spectrum. The continuous heated-object color spectrum solves these problems. To produce a display using this spectrum, we have built an inexpensive system to adapt the scan converter output of a gray scale ultrasonograph to a commercial color television. PMID- 824314 TI - Color encoded display of M code echocardiograms. AB - The need for increased dynamic range of echoes in echocardiography is discussed. A method for acquiring color coded echocardiograms is described and advantages as well as disadvantages are discussed. Typical results of color coded echocardiograms are shown. PMID- 824315 TI - An animal model for experimental echocardiographic studies. AB - An open-chest canine model for acute experimental echocardiographic studies is described. The ultrasound transducer is placed on the exposed anterior epicardial surface, fixed in place to minimize transmitted motion or excessive pressure on the heart, and directed to record various intracardiac structures. Good recordings can be obtained from the interventricular septum, posterior left ventricular wall, and the mitral and pulmonic valves. Structure identification is facilitated by use of an ultrasound contrast technique. Alterations of normal motion in response to physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic interventions can then be assesed. Potential uses of the model are discussed. PMID- 824316 TI - Intraoperative echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve: assessment of commissurotomy and repair. AB - Mitral echocardiograms obtained by direct application of the ultrasonic probe to the epicardial surface were compared with echocardiograms obtained by the conventional chest surface technique in 32 patients. The groups comprised 16 patients with stenosis, nine with incompetence, and seven patients with normal mitral valves. In every patient, prior to the exploration of the mitral valve, echocardiograms were obtained from the surface of the chest and from the epicardial surface of the heart. In 13 patients, direct epicardial and chest surface echocardiograms were repeated after mitral valvotomy or repair. The initial mitral valve lesion in these patients was stenosis in seven and incompetence in six. The diastolic closure rates (E-F speed) obtained by direct epicardial surface echocardiography revealed a significant statistical correlation (P less than 0.001) which was comparable to that recorded from the chest surface. This technique offers a further means of detecting residual mitral stenosis, before closure of the chest, after commissurotomy or repair. PMID- 824317 TI - Effects of ultrasound on the prenatal development of the rat. Part 1. 3.2 MHz continuous wave at nine days of gestation. AB - Individual nine-day rat embryos were exposed for 5 or 15 minutes to graded intensities of well-characterized focused beams of 3.2 MHz continuous wave ultrasound. Fetuses were examined for effects at 20 days of gestation. Analysis of the exposure-response relationships indicates an "apparent threshold" for prenatal mortality at 3 W/cm2 (95 per cent fiducial limits 0.5-6 W/cm2). Fetal size was unaffected at any exposure level and there were only a few malformations, which occured at 10.5 W/cm2 and above. PMID- 824319 TI - Evaluation of malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts with gray scale echography. PMID- 824318 TI - Polygraphic recordings in a case of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 824320 TI - The value of ultrasound in hypovascular hypernephromas. AB - Ultrasound demonstrated the solid character of three hypovascular renal masses which were equivocal on nephrotomography and arteriography with intra-arterial vasoconstrictors. These cases illustrate the value of ultrasound, a noninvasive procedure, in the pre-operative evaluation of hypovascular hypernephromas. PMID- 824321 TI - Duplicating hard print ultrasound images on film. PMID- 824322 TI - Reference corner. PMID- 824323 TI - Cytology of myeloma cells. AB - A cytological, cytochemical, and cytometric study of plasma cells from 195 cases of multiple myeloma showed that, contrary to earlier reports, flaming cells, thesaurocytes, and intranuclear inclusions are not confined to IgA-secreting cases but are common also in IgG and Bence Jones varieties of myeloma. IgA secreting cells are not larger, nor do they have a lower nuclear cytoplasmic ratio than other myeloma cells. On average, for a given mass of tumour, Bence Jones, IgG, and IgA varieties of myeloma produce amounts of paraprotein in the ratio 1 to 1-6 to 2-7. PMID- 824324 TI - Identification of a novel enterotoxigenic activity associated with Bacillus cereus. AB - A strain of Bacillus cereus isolated from a food poisoning outbreak characterized by vomiting has been shown to be capable of causing vomiting when cultures grown on rice, but not other media, were fed to Rhesus monkeys. In contrast, a strain isolated from a diarrhoeal outbreak produced diarrhoea, but not vomiting, when grown on various media in similar feeding trials. Furthermore, culture filtrates from the diarrhoeal strain caused fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops whereas those from the vomiting strain did not. It is proposed that at least two enterotoxins are involved, one responsible for the vomiting and one for the diarrhoeal symptoms. PMID- 824325 TI - Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus. AB - Evidence is presented for the existence of three distinct enterotoxins detected in concentrated cell-free culture filtrates of selected Bacillus cereus strains. The first was a product capable of stimulating the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system in intestinal epithelial cells and, possibly through this, causing fluid accumulation in ligated ileal sections ("loops") of young rabbits. This was elaborated by a strain isolated from an incident of diarrhoea and which caused diarrhoea in 6 of 10 monkey feedings. The second was tentatively identified as a factor which caused fluid accumulation in rabbit loops but not, apparently, through stimulation of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system; this was elaborated by a strain isolated from raw rice which failed to produce symptoms in eight monkey feedings. Together, the behaviour of these two factors indicates that diarrhoea caused by B. cereus enterotoxin may be a cyclic-AMP-mediated event. The third, here referred to as "pyogenic toxin", caused severe tissue damage in the ileal mucosa and was elaborated by a strain isolated from a brain abscess. A factor produced by a strain isolated from an outbreak of vomiting which caused vomiting in 10 of 24 monkey feedings could bot be detected in tests reported here but appears to be a fourth enterotoxin type. Cytopathic effects in tissue cultures, suckling mouse tests, and assays of glycerol production by fat cells were not found to be of value in the detection of any of the enterotoxins. PMID- 824327 TI - Pneumonia caused by coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of 20 hospital patients seen in the past year with proven pneumonia caused by coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are discussed. Predisposing factors and methods for improving laboratory and clinical diagnosis are analysed, the main problem being to discriminate between genuine pneumonia caused by these organisms and mere contamination of sputum samples resulting from colonization of the upper respiratory tract following broad-spectrum chemotherapy. Overall initial chemotherapy with gentamicin cured 75% (15 out of 20) of the patients in spite of unfavourable underlying pathology. Where gentamicin was given in adequate dosage, which in practice meant that dose which produced peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more, the cure rate was 91% (11 out of 12). In those patients achieving (measured) peak serum concentrations of less than 8 mug/ml the cure rate was only 33% (4 out of 12). These figures include four patients who failed to respond to doses of gentamicin producing peak concentrations of 5-0-6-0 mug/ml in each case. These patients responded promptly to higher doses (or accumulation), producing peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more and were then cured within three to five days. Toxicity from gentamicin was not observed in any patient. These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor gentamicin therapy by laboratory assay to ensure adequate dosage and that peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more are significantly correlated with successful treatment of pneumonia caused by coliforms and Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 824326 TI - A rapid and simple method for simultaneous measurement of serum free thyroxine and triiodothyronine fractions. PMID- 824330 TI - Cerebellar corticonuclear and corticovestibular fibers of the anterior lobe vermis in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). AB - Efferent projections of the anterior vermis were studied in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). Cerebellar corticoncuclear and corticovestibular fibers of the anterior lobe vermis are, in toto, ipsilateral. Two additional main points emerge. First, evidence is given which suggests that the cortical ara defined as vermis converges, in a rostral direction (from lobules V to I + II), as the hemispheres of these lobules become latero-medially fore-shortened. The anterior vermis is a cortical region reflected by its efferent projections and not an arbitrary median strip of cortex which is either constant in width or morphologically separated from adjacent paravermal areas. Secondly, two patterns of organization emerge concerning cortical efferents, one suggestive of longitudinal zones and a second which shows that individual lobules project mainly to specific areas of the ipsilateral NM and into portions of the vestibular complex. Three zones are recognized. A very narrow midline area which appears to project bilaterally to the NM, a wider intermediate area (homologous to zone A) related to the ipsilateral NM, and a lateral area (homologous to zone B) related mainly to the ipsilateral vestibular complex, primarily its lateral nucleus. Within this overall zonal organization individual lobules project to specific areas of the NM and vestibular complex. Lobules V and IV project to rostrodorsal and rost-ocentral NM respectively and into the dorsal LVN. Lobules III and II + I project to rostroventral-medial and rostroventral-lateral NM respectively, throughout the LVN and minimally into the SVN and SpVN. The specificity of cortico-nuclear terminations in the NM from the anterior vermis, heretofore not described for any primate, are similar, in terms of a general pattern, to that recently reported for the cat (Courville and Diakiw, '76). PMID- 824331 TI - Responses of rumen microflora to high-concentrate low-roughage diets containing whey products. AB - After 3 wk on a standardization ration of alfalfa hay and corn silage ad libitum and concentrate at 1 kg/3 kg milk, 15 lactating Holstein cows were fed 2.3 kg hay/day and one of five concentrate rations ad libitum for a 6-wk experiment. Cows were returned to the standardization ration after the experimental period. Concentrate rations during experimental period were: 1) control, 2) 14% dried whole whey, 3) 5.9% high mineral whey product, 4) 11.8% demineralized whey product, and 5) 9.8% lactose. Ration 3 contained the same amount of minerals from whey as ration 2 while rations 4 and 5 contained the same amounts of lactose as ration 2. Whey products replaced portions of corn and soybean meal in the rations. Total protozoa numbers in rumen contents averaged 1.8 X 105 /ml and were not different among times although they tended to be less during the experimental period on ration 4. Dasytricba decreased on rations 1, 2, and 4, while trends in numbers of Isotricha, Entodinium, and Diplodinium were not consistent. Only a few Ophryscolex were in a couple of the rumen samples. Bacterial numbers increased from 4.0 X 109/ml during standardization to 5.8 X 109/ml during the high-grain period, then returned to 3.8 X 109/ml in the post-experimental period. The number of lactose fermenters increased on all diets containing whey or whey products but not on the control diet. No differences in numbers of starch digesters were detected between times or among experimental rations because of large variations in numbers. Numbers of proteolytic organisms were not different among experimental rations but were generally lower during the post-experimental period. PMID- 824329 TI - Serological diagnosis of infection of the urinary tract by yeasts. AB - Precipitins to mannan and cytoplasmic antigens of Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata were determined in 25 patients with colonization of the bladder urine by yeasts and in 25 control patients with bacteriuria. Precipitins were present in 64% of the patients with funguria and in 56% of the patients with bacteriuria. There was no correlation between the reactions obtained and the clinical significance of the yeast colonization. It is suggested that a single precipitin test is unhelpful in the assessment of the significance of urinary colonization by yeasts in hospital patients. PMID- 824328 TI - Sensitivity of Providence to antiseptics and disinfectants. AB - Seventy isolates of Providence were obtained from urinary tract infections in patients from five hospitals. They were all identified as Providence B (Providencia stuartii). A typing system was devised for these organisms based on their production of and sensitivity to bacteriophage and bacteriocins. Using this system, 27 distinct strains were recognized, and it was clear that many patients had been infected with the same strain. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of six antiseptics and disinfectants for these strains were determined. Many of the strains were up to 300-fold more resistant to the cationic antiseptics chlorhexidine, cetrimide, and Resiguard than the control strain Escherichia coli NCTC 10418. The sensitivities of the Providence strains to Hycolin, glutaraldehyde, and phenyl mercuric nitrate, however, were similar to those of the control organism. There were significant correlations between the sensitivities of the strains to the three cationic antiseptics. The loss of chlorhexidine resistance from a Providence strain after exposure of the cells to N-methyl-N' nitro N nitrosoguanidine resulted in a concomitant loss of resistance to cetrimide and Resiguard, but there was no significant increase in the sensitivity of the mutants to the other three antibacterials. PMID- 824332 TI - Congenital syphilis: report of a case. PMID- 824333 TI - Intraoral findings of oculodentodigital dysplasia. PMID- 824334 TI - Speech sound discrimination by monkeys and humans. PMID- 824335 TI - Some vocal distinctive features used by gelada monkeys. PMID- 824337 TI - Reactivity of coordinated nucleophiles. A comparison of metal bound imidazolate and hydroxide ions as models for carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 824338 TI - The common inversion sprain and its treatment in the athlete. PMID- 824336 TI - Therapeutic radiology--the modalities and their effects on oral tissues. PMID- 824339 TI - Studies on the vapor behavior of selected polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - The vapor loss of several PCB isomers from stainless steel planchets surfaces has been studied. Experiments were carried out under two different conditions. In one case, the vapor loss was observed from 2 molecular layers of PCB, while in the other series, the loss from approximately 200 molecular layers was observed. In both cases the loss of PCB from the surface was substantial, although the controlling mechanism of vapor loss was different. In the first case, the transport was approximated by a simple first order rate law, whereas in the latter case, it was a diffusion controlled process. In general, the vapor loss decreased with increasing number of chlorine atoms present in the isomer. The 4,4(1)-dichlorobiphenyl showed a deviation as compared to others indicating that such factors as the electronic distribution, position of chlorine atom on the biphenyl ring and symmentry of the molecule are also important in discussing the vapor transport. PMID- 824367 TI - Toxic activity against alveolar macrophages of products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from respiratory and non-respiratory sites. AB - The toxic effect of certain products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on guinea-pig alveolar macrophages has been studied in an attempt to account for the apparent infrequency with which certain strains of this species are associated with respiratory infection. Texts were carried out on strains derived from the respiratory tract, strains from infection at other sites, and strains from the inanimate hospital environment which were believed not to have been responsible for infection ('environmental' strains). Haemolysin, pigments, enzyme-containing fractions, slime and cell-wall fraction all exhibited toxic activity against macrophages in an in vitro system, although for any given strain of Ps. aeruginosa the haemolysin was by far the most potent factor. The activity of this factor against macrophages was directly proportional to its haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. The haemolysin fractions of environmental strains, which have previously been found to have little activity on erythrocytes, were also less active against macrophages than haemolysin preparations from 'infective' strains. It is therefore postulated that the ability of a strain of Ps. aeruginosa to initiate respiratory infection may be related to the degree of haemolysin production. The activity of other fractions against macrophages is more variable, but they may contribute in different ways to the development of infection once entry into the lung has been achieved. PMID- 824368 TI - Detection of complement activation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was used as a method of detecting activation of the third component of the complement system (C3). Highly purified C3, normal human serum (NHS), EDTA-treated plasma and serum activated with aggregated human immunoglobulin (agg-IgG) or inulin were used as sources of C3 and/or C3 split products. Activation of the alternative pathway of complement was assayed in the presence of EGTA (10 mM) and MgCl2 (0.3 mM), conditions which block activation of the classical pathway. When purified native C3, fresh NHS and fresh EDTA-plasma were tested in CIE against either antisera to whole C3 or to C3 split products, only one precipitin line was found, which was identified as native C3. However, when serum activated with agg-IgG or inulin were tested against the same reagents, two precipitin lines were seen. The first, with more cathodal mobility was identical to that of native C3. The second line had a more anodal mobility, was distinctly separated from the first and contained C3c and C3d as shown immunochemically with specific antisera. Native C3 and split products of C3 were identified by this CIE method in patients showing evidence of activated complement by having subnormal total complement (CH50) levels. When C3 split products were identified, the C3c-C3d precipitin line could always be distinguished from native C3 by its different electrophoretic mobility, even when C3 concentrations in serum varied from 0.25 mg/ml to 1.5 mg/ml. The sensitivity of CIE was compared to that of CH50 by asssaying at different time intervals after agg-IgG was added to fresh NHS. C3c-C3d split products were detected by CIE before any fall in CH50 and at all times when a significant decrease in CH50 was present. This study shows that the CIE technique is a highly sensitive, specific and rapid method for detecting activation of the complement system via classical or alternative pathways in human disease. PMID- 824369 TI - Factors minimising mortality and morbidity from infection after intra-amniotic saline infusion for medical termination of pregnancy. PMID- 824370 TI - An immunoglobulin in Newfoundland with the genetic marker Glm/z) without Glm(a) in five siblings: a possible hybrid molecule. AB - Inheritance of Glm(z) without Glm(a) was found in five members of a Newfoundland family. The investigations were suggestive for the transmission of a Gm haplotype (z;n-;g) coding for Glm(z) and nGlm(a) at the Fd and Fc parts, respectively, of the IgGl heavy chain. PMID- 824371 TI - Heavy chains of murine splenocyte membrane immunoglobulins: a comparison with the heavy chains of human and toad serum immunoglobulins. AB - The mobilities of murine splenocyte surface immunoglobulin heavy chains were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS-containing buffers, with those of the heavy chains of human EgM, IgG, and IgD, and toad IgY. Human zota chain showed a mobility only slightly faster than that of human mu-chain, and required double-labeling techniques for unequivocal resolution. The mobility of the slower murine splenocyte surface heavy chain was identical to that of human mu-chain, but that of the second splenocyte heavy chain was significantly faster than that of human zota-chain, and similar to that of the heavy chain of toad IgY. Although the second murine splenocyte heavy chain is clearly distinct from mu-chain, no physicochemical evidence exists which relates it directly to human zota-chain. PMID- 824372 TI - Sandhoff's disease: a case report including family study and fetal enzyme determination. PMID- 824373 TI - Priming of Macaca cynomolgus philippinensis with purified antigen of Brucella melitensis before injection of Rev. I vaccine. AB - In experiments designed for study of bacteremia and serologic response of Macaca cynomolgus philippinensis to vaccination with a soluble antigen (fraction I) of Brucella melitensis and the live Rev. I vaccine strain, fraction I and Rev. I were administered both four weeks apart and simultaneously. One of three monkeys given the vaccines four weeks apart and two of three monkeys vaccinated with fraction I and Rev. I in a single injection developed transient bacteremia, as shown by blood cultures. Both methods of vaccination induced significant titers of antibody to B. melitensis, and vaccinated monkeys were protected against subsequent challenge with a virulent strain of B. melitensis. PMID- 824374 TI - Prompt confirmation of Rocky Mountain spotted fever: identification of rickettsiae in skin tissues. AB - Rickettsia rickettsii were identifiable by the immunofluorescence technique in skin specimens obtained by biopsy on days 4 and 8 of illness from patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The immunofluorescence technique is regarded as a practical means of confirming the diagnosis during the early stages of illness before positive serologic reactions can be obtained. PMID- 824375 TI - Quantitation of serum antibodies to surface antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with radiolabeled protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Antibodies in human sera against surface antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected with use of 125I-labeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. Serum was allowed to react with a suspension of whole gonococci, and the antibodies attached to the bacteria were quantitated with protein A, which reacts with the Fc fragment of IgG. Tests with five human sera with a gonococcoal complement fixation titer of greater than or equal to 1:30 revealed no difference between use of freshly isolated gonococci and use of strains subcultured daily on artificial medium for 10 years. Antibodies cross-reacting with N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis were found in human sera. The results of the test with labeled protein A varied with the serum titer of complement-fixing antibody to N. gonorrhoeae. Acute and convalescent sera from six of seven patients, including one with disseminated gonococcal infection, showed significantly larger differences in antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae than did sera of women without evidence of genital infection. Complement-fixation titers changed significantly in only three of the six patients. PMID- 824376 TI - Serogrouping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: identification of four immunologically distinct acidic polysaccharides. AB - A series of population-specific acidic polysaccharides have been described that can be used as a basis for serogrouping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These polysaccharides have been designated Gc antigens, and four immunologically distinct types have been identified. With these purified serogroup antigens and appropriately absorbed antisera in hemagglutination-inhibition systems, four typing systems have been established. Their sensitivities for purified homologous antigens range from 16 to 1 mug/ml. Purified heterologus antigens fail to inhibit at concentrations of 1,000 mug/ml. Clinically isolated N. gonorrhoeae are incorporated into these systems by conversion to standardized crude Gc antigen extracts by alkaline hhydrolysis. Of the 163 strains studied, 83% could be typed; 85% of these were typed for only one serogroup. Twenty strains were typed for two serogroups, and reisolation studies demonstrated that these strains were mosaics rather than mixed cultures. Four strains from each serogroup were selected, and antisera and purified serogroup antigens were produced from them. These were identical with their respective standard serogroup antigen and antisera in hemagglutination-inhibition and immunodiffusion systems. PMID- 824377 TI - Detection of N. gonorrhoeae via Jembec system. PMID- 824378 TI - [Cholera]. PMID- 824379 TI - [Clinical study on cefatrizine (S-64OP)]. PMID- 824380 TI - [Evaluation of therapeutical effect of resistant Enterococcus (Entomol preparation) by double blind method]. PMID- 824382 TI - [Cryptococcosis]. PMID- 824383 TI - [Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of group A streptococci isolated from clinical materials in the past year]. PMID- 824381 TI - [Modification of the mumps hemagglutination-inhibition antibody determination method and inoculation test of live mumps vaccine (Hoshino strain)]. PMID- 824384 TI - [Significance of Mycoplasma orale and Mycoplasma salivarium in the respiratory tract. 1. Experimental infection of hamsters with Mycoplasma orale]. PMID- 824385 TI - [Significance of Mycoplasma orale and Mycoplasma salivarium in the respiratory tract. 2. Role of Mycoplasma orale and Mycoplasma salivarium in normal individuals and patients with respiratory diseases]. PMID- 824386 TI - [Immunological studies on salmonellosis antibody - with special reference to the diagnosis and prognosis of typhoid based on widal reaction]. PMID- 824387 TI - [Listeriosis]. PMID- 824388 TI - [Clinical features of patients suffering from food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus - with special reference to changes in electrocardiograms]. PMID- 824389 TI - [Familial transmission of hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 824390 TI - [Cryptococcal menimgitis with severe hypoproteinemia]. PMID- 824391 TI - Pharmacotherapy of asthma. PMID- 824392 TI - Chest pain-the diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 824393 TI - Plasma concentrations of prolactin and thyrotrophin during suckling in urethane anaesthetized rats. AB - Plasma levels of prolactin and TSH were determined by radioimmunoassay in urethaneanaesthetized lactating rats during suckling. Oxytocin release was monitored by recording intramammary pressure. Application of ten pups, 3 h after administration of urethane (1-1 g/kg, i.p.), evoked a parallel rise in prolactin and TSH concentrations which reached a maximum during the 3rd hour of suckling and then declined. Peak hormone concentrations represented a 25-fold increase in prolactin and a ten-fold increase in TSH. Suckling also elicited a pulsatile (every 5-10 min) release of 0-5--1-0 mu. oxytocin. The gradual rise in prolactin and TSH occurred between the 1st and 20th oxytocin pulses. Intravenous injection of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) into unsuckled, anaesthetized lactating rats resulted in a 7- to 30-fold increase in TSH concentration, whereas prolactin levels showed no substantial change. These results indicate that suckling releases TSH as well as prolactin in the urethaneanaesthetized rat. However, the absence of prolactin release after injections of TRH makes it unlikely that both endocrine responses are regulated solely by the actions of this one releasing hormone. PMID- 824394 TI - Prostaglandins in the plasma and amniotic fluid of rhesus monkeys during pregnancy and after intra-uterine foetal death. AB - Prostaglandin F (PGF) was measured in amniotic fluid, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) was measured in maternal peripheral venous plasma and amniotic fluid of rhesus monkeys during late pregnancy. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha was determined in the maternal peripheral venous plasma of two animals following intra-uterine foetal death. The mean concentration of PGF and PGFM in amniotic fluid increased fourfold during the last 5 days of pregnancy. This increase was associated with an increase in the oestrone concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal plasma. In normal pregnancy there was no increase in PGFM levels in the maternal peripheral vein, up to 1-2 days pre partum. After intra-uterine death, progesterone concentration in the maternal peripheral vein was unaltered, but oestrone and oestradiol declined. In plasma samples taken within 12 h of delivery, the concentration of PGFM was raised. It is concluded that an increase in prostaglandin production accompanies delivery at normal term, and at delivery past term following intra-uterine foetal death. PMID- 824395 TI - Effect of thyroid status on the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-degrading activity of rat serum. AB - The TRH-degrading activity of rat serum in vitro is five times more potent than that of human serum. In rats, it is significantly reduced in hypothyroidism (thiouracil-induced) and significantly increased in hyperthyroidism (T3 or T4 induced). This suggests a possible role in the regulation of adenohypophysial thyroid function which is probably, in turn, dependent on thyroid hormone, rather than TSH, levels. PMID- 824396 TI - Growth-promoting and lactogenic activities of bovine placental lactogen. PMID- 824397 TI - Effects of instrumentation with a chelating agent on the periapical seal of obturated root canals. PMID- 824398 TI - Cell division patterns in the Drosophila head disc: clones on the head cuticle. AB - An account of the patterns of clones induced on the head cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster is given. The system was studied using mitotic recombination, induced by X-rays at certain developmental stages. In agreement with the findings of a computer model devised to simulate growth in the head imaginal disc, cuticle clones are found to have a characteristic pattern, sweeping round the central, eye-forming part of the disc. The similarity between model and experiment suggests the validity of the model assumption. It is also shown that cuticle clones are not smaller in the posterior of the head, when induced at the developmental stages studied: this is in contrast to clones in the compound eye, where posterior clones are smaller than anterior ones. PMID- 824399 TI - Histaminase release from human granulocytes. AB - Histaminase (EC-1.4.3.6), one of the two catabolic enzymes for histamine, is contained in human granulocytes. Opsonized zymosan or the calcium ionophore A 23187 induce a dose-dependent release of histaminase from human granulocytes in vitro. Release is completed within 30 min, is temperature dependent, and requires divalent cations. Opsonized zymosan-induced histaminase release was maximal in the presence of both calcium and magnesium, whereas ionophore release was magnesium independent. The total cellular content of histaminase could be released by both opsonized zymosan and ionophore. In contrast, only 25% of the cellular beta glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, was released after maximal stimulation with opsonized zymosan; there was minimal release of beta glucuronidase with ionophore. Zymosan- and ionophore-induced histaminase release was inhibited by agents that are presumed to interfere with cell metabolism and disrupt microtubules. Human granulocytes therefore may modulate the effect of histamine by releasing histaminase at a site of inflammation. Studies of granulocyte histaminase release in vitro may also provide a new model to explore granulocyte function and secretion. PMID- 824401 TI - The effect of growth and joint formation on bristle pattern in D. melanogaster. AB - Dependence of bristle pattern on size and joint formation was studied for male first leg tarsi of fj (four jointed) and d (dachs) mutants in homozygotes and in mosaics resulting from X-ray induced mitotic recombination. Homozygotes have four tarsal segments, lacking a third tarsal joint in most cases. The two proximal segments are shortened, the first by one-third, and altered in bristle pattern, whereas the distal two segments are little affected. Expressivity of fj is high, and of d is low, for the extent and frequency of joint failure. The longer the second segment, the more complete the third joint and the greater the bristle number. Only the jointed side of the segment approximates two segments in its bristle pattern. Mosaic studies show that joint failure occurs autonomously in fj, or in the majority of d clones, and that joint formation by heterozygous clones is autonomous except in the border area contacting a fj or d spot lacking a joint, in which are a joint failure occurs. Bristle pattern in this jointless heterozygous area switches to that of a single segment. Localized non-autonomy also occurs in the t-rows of heterozygous tissue contacting a fj or d spot. Both mutant genes are interpreted as reducing longitudinal growth of the proximal tarsi, with joint failure as a consequence, and with alterations of bristle pattern resulting directly from size reduction, or indirectly through joint failure. PMID- 824400 TI - Adaptation of muscle pyruvate kinases to environmental temperatures and pressures. AB - Kinetic and structural properties of muscle pyruvate kinases from species adapted to different temperatures and hydrostatic pressures were examined. Most muscle pyruvate kinases can exist in two temperature-dependent conformational states. For the low temperature conformers, activation free energies and enthalpies were proportional to the species' adaptation temperatures. The interspecific differences in activation parameters may be due to different amounts of weak bond formation/rupture during the rate-limiting event(s) in catalysis. When comparisons of substrate binding ability at physiological temperatures are made, a marked conservation in apparent Km values is observed among species, Structural rigidity, as estimated by heat inactivation temperature, is positively correlated with adaptation temperature. The apparent size of the conformational change which occurs during catalysis is also positively correlated with cell temperature, except for enzymes for deep-sea species. PMID- 824402 TI - Heterocyst and nitrogenase development in Anabaena cylindrica. AB - The differentiation of filaments of a continuous culture of Anabaena cylindrica after removal of fixed nitrogen has been examined. Rapid development of proheterocysts (4-5 h) and mature heterocysts (14 h) in an ordered sequence was observed; the development of the latter was concomitant with the onset of nitrogenase activity. Commitment times of 2-3 h (proheterocyst) and 5-0 (heterocyst) were measured. Evidence is presented that shows that heterocyst development, rather than any product of heterocyst function in nitrogen fixation, is responsible for the imposition of the pattern of heterocysts in a filament of vegative cells. Both phycocyanin content and carbon dioxide fixation declined markedly throughout the filament during the early stages of heterocyst development, indicating that all the cells of the filament are involved in the initial stages of the differentiation process. Heterocysts do not evolve oxygen in the light, but do respire. Nitrogenase activity in isolated heterocysts and in intact filaments was stimulated by phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP and dichlorophenolindophenol-ascorbate. PMID- 824403 TI - The isolation and characterization of a lipopolysaccharide-specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage. AB - The isolation and some properties of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific phage isolated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reported. The phage, designtaed omega PLS-I, is a Bradley A type phage with a head diameter of 70 nm and a contractile tail 120 nm long. The average adsorption rate constant for omegaPLS-I is 4-48 X 10(-9) ml/min. omegaPLS-I is inactivated by purified LPS from P. aeruginosa strain 1-1A, showing a PhI50 value of 1-25 mug/ml. PMID- 824404 TI - Psychiatric aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - This study is an attempt to investigate cases of temporal lobe epilepsy, the starting point being a large number of psychiatric patients. The data presented in this study suggest that a certain number of schizophrenic-like psychoses are produced by temporal seizural activity. There is some evidence that if there is a centrencephalic seizure at the beginning of such a psychotic state, the patient's behavior will have confusional characteristics (perhaps a postictal centrencephalic state). Some findings suggest that the side localization of the temporal lobe focus affects the feature of the psychotic state. None of the nine patients with periodic psychoses had schizoid or paranoid premorbid personality. As to the interictal behavioral disorders of epileptics, we have noticed that two patients with hysteroepilepsy and two with compensation neurosis had dominant temporal lobe focus. Of 10 cases with behavior disorders, all had grand mal or petit mal epilepsy, and none had a temporal lobe focus. Although this study is not based on sufficient data, it may provide working hypotheses for further research. PMID- 824406 TI - Axonal velocities of motor units in the hand and foot muscles of the baboon. AB - The axonal velocities of single motor units in the small hand and foot muscles of the baboon were studied by means of a collision technique which produced selective blocking of most of the fast-conducting fibres. In the abductor pollicis brevis muscle velocities ranged from 43 to 82 m/sec, and in the abductor digiti minimi muscle from 40 to 78 m/sec. In the extensor digitorum brevis muscle the range was 40-70 m/sec. When velocities were plotted as percentages of the maximal obtained in the same experiment, the range was similar in the 3 muscles studied. Most motor units had velocities greater than 65% of maximal but, in a few, velocities were between 55% and 65% of maximal. The possible relevance of these findings to human motor nerves is discussed. PMID- 824405 TI - Ultrastructural differentiation during Drosophila neurogenesis in vitro. AB - Drosophila melanogaster field neuroblasts differentiate in vitro, and each gives rise to a cluster of about 18 daughter neurons. Electron microscopic observations of single clusters show that axons from daughter neurons form a neuropile within the cluster of cell bodies. The neuropile increases in size and complexity for several hours, during which time chemical, and probably electrotonic, synapses form between neurites. Clear vesicles with diameters of about 35 nm and dense core vesicles with diameters of about 60 and 160 nm were detected. The development of the neuropile indicates that the prerequisite cell recognition phenomena were manifested during differentiation in vitro, and the complexity of the neuropile suggests it may have attained the capacity to process information. PMID- 824407 TI - Weight loss in patients treated long-term with levodopa. Metabolic aspects. AB - Seven aged Parkinsonian patients treated with levodopa (average dose 3-4 g daily for 1-3 years), showed a considerable weight loss. They were compared to two control groups of elderly and young volunteers after levodopa stimulation and after oral glucose tolerance tests. It was found that after levodopa administration the plasma free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone and cortisol were significantly higher in the Parkinsonian group than in the young control group and only slightly higher than in the aged control group. It was also found that the serum insulin was significantly higher in Parkinsonian patients than in the aged control group. We think that the metabolic disturbances found in Parkinsonian patients are not solely due to levodopa administration but may be due to ageing processes. We suggest that weight loss in the older Parkinsonian patients treated over long periods with high doses of levodopa, is due to the enhancement of the lipolytic activity of the ageing fat cells caused by high levels of circulating insulin. PMID- 824408 TI - Activity of ventrolateral thalamic neurons during arm movement. AB - 1. Monkeys were trained to maintain the handle of a manipulation within a small zone despite perturbations to the handle and to perform slow and rapid arm movements triggered by a visual stimulus. The activity of neurons in the region of the ventrolateral thalamus which projects directly to the arm area of the motor cortex (VL arm area) was then examined during performance of the task and while the animal's limb was passively manipulated. 2. Thalamic units related to arm movement were confined to the VL arm area. Microstimulation (less than 25 muA) in the VL arm area could, in some instances, evoke localized contractions of shoulder, arm, and hand musculature. Thalamic units whose discharge appeared to be related to jaw, tongue, and neck muscle activity occurred only medial to arm movement-related units, and units related to spontaneous leg movements occurred only laterally. 3. Most VL arm area neurons, although well related to active arm movements, were not influenced by gentle passive manipulation of the animal's limb. Few VL arm area neurons responded at short latency to perturbations applied to the handle of the manipulandum which the animal was holding. Thus, VL arm area neurons are unlike many motor cortex arm area neurons which are responsive to passive manipulation and are influenced at short latency by similar perturbations to the animal's limb. 4. Most arm movement-related VL neurons discharge during both fast and slow arm movements. Although a few neurons varied their discharge only during fast movements, none varied only in relation to slow movements. VL arm area neurons are, therefore, unlike the neurons in one source of its input, the globus pallidus, where some neurons are preferentially related to slow movements. 5. Some VL arm area neurons vary their discharge before any change in muscle activity during a fast and slow movement. Such neurons were recorded in VL regions which project to motor cortex areas representing proximal and distal musculature. This suggests that VL neurons might play a role in initiating activity in muscles concerned with controlling body posture, as well as those involved in discrete limb movements.20 PMID- 824409 TI - Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement. AB - 1. Monkeys were trained to 1) hold a handle in a central zone midway between "push" and "pull" while awaiting 2) an instruction telling them how to respond to a subsequent 3) perturbation, which triggered the instructed movement and was followed by 4) a reward if the movement was correct. 2. There were two sorts of instructions: push and pull. When the pull instruction had preceded the perturbation, the monkey responded to the perturbation by pulling, whereas after a push instruction, the monkey responded to the perturbation by pushing. 3. Recordings in pre- and postcentral sensorimotor cortex revealed instruction induced changes of neuronal activity during the period intervening between the instruction and the perturbation-triggered movement. Effects of the instruction were differential depending on which of the two instructions was given, such differential responses to the instruction being detected in 61% of precentral pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs), 44% of precentral non-PTNs, and 11% of postcentral neurons. 4. Since motor cortex PTN axons end on alpha and gamma motoneurons and on interneurons of the spinal cord, changes of PTN activity with "intention" or "motor set" provide a mechanism for suprasegmental control and presetting of spinal cord reflex excitability specific to the nature of an impending movement. PMID- 824410 TI - Reflex and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey. AB - 1. Monkeys were trained to react to an arm perturbation according to an instruction delivered prior to the perturbation. There were two possible instructions (push or pull), and monkeys learned to respond accordingly regardless of the direction (push or pull) of the triggering perturbation. 2. Pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in contralateral motor cortex arm area responded to the triggering perturbation with two dissociable components: 1) a relatively short-latency (20-25 ms) reflex component which depended on the direction of the perturbation, and 2) a longer latency (40-50 ms) intended component which depended on the prior instruction. 3. Intended PTN discharge could occur in arm area with latencies of 50 ms even following arm perturbations whose initial reflex effects on the PTN were inhibitory. 4. Intended PTN responses triggered by perturbations of the appropriate body part occur at shorter latencies than intended PTN responses triggered by auditory or visual stimuli. These short latency intended PTN responses may play a role in thsshort-latency but volitionally controlled limb movements occurring in response to limb perturbations. PMID- 824411 TI - Trigeminothalamic neurons in nucleus caudalis responsive to tactile, thermal, and nociceptive stimulation of monkey's face. AB - 1. A total of 113 trigeminothalamic neurons and over 200 presumed interneurons of nucleus caudalis (0-5 mm below the obex) and subjacent reticular formation were studied in rhesus monkeys anesthetized with chloralose or nitrous oxide. Each cell was characterized in terms of its antidromic responses to stimulation of ventral posterior medial and/or posterior thalamic nuclei and to three types of stimuli applied to its receptive field: a) graded 5-s temperature shifts at a rate of 9 degrees C/s from 35 degrees C to final temperatures of 20-52 degrees C, generated by a contact thermode; b) graded intensities of electrical stimulation to determine the conduction velocities of converging primary afferent fiber populations; and c) mechanical stimulation ranging from light touch to pinch with serrated forceps. 2. This analysis yielded five classes of units distinguished by the range of responses to mechanical stimuli and by the convergence of different primary afferent fiber populations. These five classes were found among both trigeminothalamic neurons and neurons which could not be antidromically activated. Class 1 units exhibited rapidly adapting responses to hair movement or light touch and received only A-beta primary afferent input. Class 2 units responded to light touch and pressure with maintained discharges and received A beta primary afferent input. Class 3 units responded maximally to pinch with serrated forceps but also were activated by light touch and pressure. They received A-beta, A-delta, and C fiber input. Class 4 units responded to firm pressure and maximally to pinch with serrated forceps. These units had A-delta and sometimes C fiber input. Class 5 units responded only to pinch with serrated forceps and had exclusive A-delta fiber input. Some cells in all five classes responded antidromically to stimulation of the thalamus. Antidromic action potential latencies of classes 1,2, and 3 units were shorter than those of classes 4 and 5 units (P less than 0.001). Receptive-field sizes were usually small (1-2 cm2) for classes 1, 2, 4, and 5 units, and larger for class 3 units (one to three trigeminal divisions). The marginal layer of nucleus caudalis contained mostly classes 4 and 5 units, some class 3 units, but no classes 1 or 2 units. The superficial portion of the magnocellular layer contained mostly classes 1 and 2 units, while neurons at the base of this layer contained class 3 units and some classes 4 and 5 units. Cells in the sujacent reticular formation included all 5 classes but showed a tendency to have large receptive fields (greater than 1 trigeminal division). 3. Neurons responding to noxious thermal stimuli (44-52 degrees C) were classes 3 or 4 units. The response patterns of classes 3 and 4 units to noxious thermal stimuli were similar. No classes 1 or 2 units and only one class 5 unit responded to increases in skin temperature. Thermal thresholds ranged from 38 to 50 degrees C and most heat-responsive units responded monotonically to temperatures between 45 and 52 degrees C... PMID- 824412 TI - Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I. Response to static tilts and to long-duration centrifugal force. AB - 1. The response to static tilts was studied in peripheral otolith neurons in the barbiturate-anesthetized squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Each unit was characterized by a functional polarization vector, which defines the axis of greatest sensitivity. A circumstantial criterion was used to assign units to the inferior (IN) or superior (SN) vestibular nerves. The former neurons should innervate the sacculus, the latter mainly the utriculus. Confirming pasting experiments, the polarization vectors for SN units lay near the plane of the utricular macula, those for IN units near the plane of the saccular macula. The polarization vectors for IN units were compared in two groups of animals. In one group, the vestibular nerve was intact; in the other, the superior nerve was sectioned. No differences were found and this, together with other observations, demonstrate that the sacculas in mammals functions mainly (if not solely) as an equilibrium organ. 2. The resting discharge of otolith neurons averages some 60 spikes/s, the sensitivity some 30-40 spikes/s-g. IN units tend to have slightly lower sensitivities than do SN units. IN units with upwardly directed (+Z) vectors have substantially higher resting discharges than do units with downwardly directed (-Z) vectors. The +Z units are also characterized by more linear force-response relations. 3. There is a strong positive relation between the resting discharge and sensitivity of units characterized by regular steady state discharge patterns. A weaker, but statistically significant, relation is demonstrable for irregular units. It is suggested that the relation seen in regular units is the result of the neurons differing from one anothrer in terms of a receptor bias, a transduction gain, or both. Only the mechanism based on transduction gain is thought to be operative among the population of irregular units. 4. Centrifugal-force trapezoids were used to study the response adaptation to prolonged stimulation. Adaptation was more conspicious in irregular units and was characterized by perstimulus response declines and poststimulus secondary responses. For regular units, adaptive properties were similar during excitatory and inhibitory responses. For irregular units, response declines were larger during excitatory stimuli, secondary responses larger following inhibitory stimuli. Typically, response declines were most rapid at the start of the force plateau. A few units, all of them irregular, exhibited a delayed adaptation with response declines beginning only after a constant force had been maintained for 10-20 s. 5. Excitatory responses of regular units are almost always larger than inhibitory responses. This is so during both the dynamic and static portions of force trapezoids. A similar asymmetry is seen in the dynamic response of irregular units; static response asymmetries of the latter units are more variable. PMID- 824413 TI - Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. II. Directional selectivity and force-response relations. AB - 1. The directional selectivity of peripheral otolith neurons was studied in the barbiturate-anesthetized squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Each unit's most sensitive axis was characterized by a functional polarization vector. The direction of a centrifugal force was varied with respect to the vector and to the macular plane. The neurons respond in an excitatory manner to shearing forces orthogonally disposed to the vector. The sensitivity to orthogonal shears was usually 10-15% of the sensitivity to parallel shearing forces. There was no significant response to orthogonal compressions, nor did compressions modify the response to shearing forces. 2. Force-response functions were obtained in the stimulus range of +/- 4.92 g. Forces were directed parallel to each unit's polarization vector. The functions are sigmoid shaped and possess both inhibitory and excitatory plateaus. The presumed physiological range of +/-1 g is represented in the lower (concave upward) portion of the function and has a dynamic range, expressed in terms of response magnitude, amounting to 20-40% of the potential dynamic range of the neuron. 3. There was considerable variation among units in their +/- 4.92 g force-response curves. The salient features of the functions are described by three factors, tentatively identified as a transduction gain, a receptor bias, and a mechanical gain. Both the resting discharge (do) and the +/-1 g sensitivity (so) vary in the same direction with changes in the factors related to transduction gain and receptor bias. It is shown that this covariation provides a quantitatively precise explanation for the positive relation between do and so. PMID- 824414 TI - Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics. AB - 1. The discharge of peripheral otolith neurons in response to sinusoidal force variations was investigated in the barbiturate-anesthetized squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). The sine waves were superimposed on a background force which biased the end organ so as to excite or inhibit the unit's firing. Both regularly and irregularly discharging neurons were studied. 2. The response amplitude, measured as a peak-to-peak changes in firing rate, reached near-maximal values during the first sine-wave cycle and, for most units, remained constant as sinusoidal stimulation was prolonged. 3. In regular units, introduction of an excitatory bias increased the sensitivity to sinusoidal stimulation in a manner consistent with the static asymmetries observed in the response to constant forces. Bias effects in irregular units were usually small and, in some cases, excitatory biases resulted in a decrease in sensitivity. 4. Variation in sine wave amplitude had no effect on the sinusoidal gains or phases of regular units. For irregular units, there was some evidence of a small gain increase as stimulus amplitude decreased. 5. Nonlinear distortion was usually 10-20% and was mainly of an asymmetric type. In regular units, the distortion could be partially related to static asymmetries. 6. The response of regular units is predominantly tonic, that of irregular units more phasic. For regular units there was usually no more than a twofold gain enhancement as frequency was increased in the spectrum from DC to 2.0 Hz; typically, small phase leads at low frequencies were replaced by similar phase lags at higher frequencies. Irregular units were characterized by a 20-fold frequency-dependent gain enhancement over the same spectrum; phase leads of 20-40% were seen. 7. Bodeplots were fit by a family of transfer functions, each consisting of three terms. The first is a velocity-sensitive operator with a fractional exponent. The second is a low-frequency adaptation operator. Only the lag operator can be related to the dynamics of otoligh motion. Most of the variations among units, including those seen between regular and irregular units, can be accounted for by suitable variations in the velocity-sensitive and adaptation operators. 8. The transfer functions, when integrated and inverted, led to reasonable approximations of the response to force trapezoids. It is concluded that the transfer functions provide an adequate representation of the dynamic behavior of most units. The only exceptions are the few neurons showing delayed adaptation. PMID- 824415 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias resulting from experimental head injury. AB - The cardiovascular events resulting from experimental head injury were studied to determine the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and to define the autonomic mechanisms responsible for these changes. Electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure were recorded in anesthetized monkeys before and after the animals were subjected to temporoparietal head impact. Cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension occurred immediately following impact in every animal studied. Various atrioventricular nodal and ventricular arrhythmias were seen. Cholinergic blockage was found to prevent arrhythmias induced by head injury whereas adrenergic blockage was found to be ineffective. PMID- 824416 TI - Review of the effect of spinal cord trama on the vessels and blood flow in the spinal cord. AB - The effect of spinal cord trauma on the vasculature and blood flow of the spinal cord is reviewed. Both quantitative and nonquantitative studies are critically discussed and reasons sought for some of the major controversies that have arisen. Differences in methodology, species variation, and variation in the degree and type of cord injury may all be important factors in producing the conflicting results reported in the literature. In general, it can be said that trauma has a profound effect on the vasculature and blood flow in the cord and that severe compression injury of the cord causes marked ischemia in the gray and white matter. PMID- 824417 TI - Regional spinal cord blood flow in primates. AB - Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in the primate thoracic spinal cord using the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic technique that allowed clear differentiation between white and gray matter blood flow. Individual SCBF values were obtained for 0.1-sq mm areas of the thoracic cord cross section. White matter blood flow was homogeneous throughout with a mean value of 10.3 +/- 0.2 ml/100 gm/min. Gray-matter flow was more variable with lower values in the dorsal horns and higher values in the central gray and anterior horns. Mean gray-matter flow was 57.6 +/- 2.3 ml/100 gm/min. Arterial pO2 was 123 +/- 2 torr, pCO2 was 40.2 +/- 0.5 torr and pH was 7.327 +/- 0,010. Mean arterial blood pressure was 113 +/- 3 mm Hg and core temperature was 36.4 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees C. PMID- 824418 TI - Effect of acute spinal cord compression injury on regional spinal cord blood flow in primates. AB - Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in 24 rhesus monkeys after injury to the cord produced by the inflatable circumferential extradural cuff technique. Measurement of regional blood flow in the white and gray matter of the cord in areas of 0.1 sq mm was achieved with the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic technique and a scanning microscope photometer. After moderate cord injury (400 mm Hg pressure in the cuff maintained for 5 minutes), which produced paraplegia in 50% of animals and moderate to severe paresis in the other 50%, mean white matter SCBF was significantly decreased for up to 1 hour. White matter blood flow then rose to normal levels by 6 hours posttrauma and was significantly increased by 24 hours posttrauma. Gray matter SCBF was significantly decreased for the entire 24-hour period posttrauma. After severe cord injury (150 mm Hg pressure in the cuff maintained for 3 hours), which produced total paraplegia in almost all animals; SCBF in white and hours), which prodced total paraplegia in almost all animals, SCBF in white and gray matter was reduced to extremely low levels for 24 hours posttrauma. In addition, focal decreases in SCBF were seen in white and gray matter for considerable distances proximal and distal to the injury site. It is concluded that acute compression injury of the spinal cord is associated with long-lasting ischemia in the cord that increases in severity with the degree of injury. PMID- 824419 TI - The mechanism of hypoglycemia due to semistarvation in the rat. AB - A quantity of diet providing 50% of the energy and protein requirement was fed to 4 week old rats. After 3 weeks, the amount of food was reduced to 25% and resulted in hypoglycemia in most of the rats within 4 to 7 days. The rats were divided into three groups: 1) normal controls; 2) malnourished, exhibiting blood sugar levels more than 40 mg/100 ml; 3) malnourished with blood sugar concentration less than 40 mg/100ml. The plasma concentrations of energy providing substrates: free fatty acids, glycerol, pyruvic acid, lactic acid and alanine were significantly lower in the hypoglycemic group than in the other two groups, while the first two groups displayed no significant differences. Plasma insulin concentrations were reduced in the undernourished groups and the lowest levels were found in the hypoglycemic rats. The plasma corticosterone concentration was significantly greater in group 2 but only slightly higher in group 3 than in the controls. Blood glucose concentration did not increase after intravenous glucagon in group 3, but the response was restored 4 hours after glucose administration. Blood glucose did not increase after alanine infusion in group 3 and increased only moderately in group 2. There was a normal increase after glycerol infusion in both malnourished groups. It was concluded that in semistarvation, fatal hypoglycemia is due to the depletion of fat stores accompanied by impaired gluconeogenesis from alanine. PMID- 824422 TI - Gingival repair potential. PMID- 824421 TI - Plasma insulin levels in weaned pigs fed protein or energy restricted diets. AB - Two experiments were conducted with pigs to investigate changes in plasma insulin levels during protein-energy malnutrition. Three or four week old pigs were fed a control diet (18% protein), an energy-restricted diet (19% protein) or a low protein diet (6% protein) for 8 weeks. Energy restriction was achieved by feeding the control diet in amounts that allowed some growth, but only to an extent equal to the low protein diet. At the end of the restriction period, all pigs were fed the control diet for another 8 weeks. Blood samples from the superior vena cava were collected at intervals throughout the experimental period. Plasma samples were analyzed for insulin by radioimmunoassay. Protein restriction after weaning resulted in persistently low insulin levels during depletion and rehabilitation periods, while high levels of plasma insulin were observed in energy-restricted pigs only during the depletion period compared to pigs fed the control diet. PMID- 824420 TI - Induction of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes by oral contraceptives in protein-malnourished rats. AB - In order to examine effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on the microsomal drug matabolizing enzymes in a state of protein malnutrition, weanling Sprague-Dwayley female rats were fed diets containing 3.5% (low protein, LP), 26% (normal protein, NP) or 42% (high protein, HP) casein for 224 days and norethynodrel plus mestranol for the last 182 days. LP rats were smaller in body weight than NP and HP rats and the latter two groups showed depressed weight gain and hypertrophy of liver and kidney due to OC. Concentrations of microsomal proteins and cytochrome P-450 were lowered by LP diet and OC did not induce cytochrome P-450. Activity of biphenyl-4-hydroxylase was lowered in LP and HP rats compared to NP group in which activity of this enzyme was significantly decreased due to OC. The diets alone had no effect on the activity of p-nitrobenzoate reductase, however, its activity was enhanced by OC only in NP rats. LP diet caused reduction of 4 methylumbelliferone glucuronly transferase activity which was lowered by OC in NP as well as in LP rats. It is concluded that NP diet more than either LP or HP diet exposed rats to the modification of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes by OC. PMID- 824423 TI - Atrophic lesions of the tongue: a prevalence study among 175 diabetic patients. AB - Central papillary atrophy and other anomalies of the tongue were studied among 175 diabetic outpatients attending the Tygerberg Hospital. Atrophic lesions of the tongue were found in 26.9% of the patients and 91.7% of these lesions were central papillary atrophy. The degree of control of the diabetes as measured by plasma glucose and urine analyses was not related to the frequency of central papillary atrophy. The prevalence of central papillary atrophy in diabetics was found to be much higher than that of central papillary atrophy and median rhomboid glossitis found in previous investigations among other populations. It is suggested that patients with central papillary atrophy should be screened to rule out diabetes mellitus as the underlying cause. Double central fissures, producing well demarcated triangular areas with their bases at the "sulcus terminalis", were seen in nine instances (5.1%). Four of these areas were associated with central papillary atrophy; the remaining five were covered by non atrophic mucosa with filiform and fungiform papillae. PMID- 824424 TI - The inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus lesions. An autoradiographic and ultrastructural study. AB - The labeling index of the infiltrate of oral lichen planus lesions was significantly greater than that of normal mucosa, and its labeling activity redistributed, as determined by in vitro autoradiography. An electron microscopic examination of the infiltrate of lichen planus lesions of oral mucosa and skin supported the concept that the lichen planus infiltrate represents a cell mediated immune response in which T lymphocytes and macrophages are predominant. PMID- 824425 TI - The effect of long standing chronic mechanical irritation on the tongue of rats. AB - The effect of long standing mechanical irritation of the tongue was studied in 100 young rats. This was effected by the protruding end of a twisted wire, ligated around the lower first molar and directed toward the later-ventral aspect of the tongue on one side, while the other side served as control. Groups of rats were killed after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and the tongues were examined grossly and microscopically. Fibrous hyperplasia was observed in 48% of tongues in the 3 month group and increased to 79% in the 12-month group. Microscopically, epithelial changes were noted which included ulceration acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. In no instance was dyskeratosis or any other malignant change noted. PMID- 824426 TI - Granular cell peripheral odontogenic fibroma. AB - A case of a peripheral odontogenic fibroma which contained aggregates of large granular cells is reported. These granular cells are similar to those previously described in the granular cell myoblastoma, congenital epulis and the granular cell ameloblastic fibroma. Deep extensions of the basal layer of overlying gingival epithelium, in double-strand fashion, are frequently observed in peripheral odontogenic fibromas. These strands closely resemble those seen in the tumor itself. On this basis, and as similar basal cell prolongations are seen in otherjaw lesions, it is postulated that residual ectomesenchymal influence may be responsible for inducing the basal cell proliferations in a similar manner to that which occurs during early embryonic dental development. This, it is suggested, might possibly be the histogenesis of the odontogenic epithelial strands in the peripheral odontogenic fibroma. PMID- 824427 TI - Sclerotic masses in the mandible of a patient with familial polyposis of the colon. PMID- 824428 TI - 4-Hyroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide-induced ultrastructural changes in the guinea-pig exocrine pancreas. AB - 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline, a carcinogen was injected into guinea-pigs intravenously in a single dose of 22-5 mg/kg. The sequential morphological changes in the exocrine cells of the pancreas were studied by electron microscopy at selected intervals between 18 and 60 hr. The earliest alterations in the acinar cells comprised nucleolar segregation into granular and fibrillar components and minimal dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum. At later intervals all the cytoplasmic organelles appeared altered. The endoplasmic reticular channels were markedly dilated with depletion of membrane bound and free ribosomes. The mitochondria were swollen and irregular with disruption of limiting membranes and cristae. The zymogen granules were markedly reduced or completely absent. The hyaloplasm contained morphologically variable cytoplasmic degenerative bodies. In addition to the acinar cells, centriacinar and ductal epithelial cells showed similar changes. PMID- 824429 TI - Management of seizure disorders: selected aspects. Part II. PMID- 824430 TI - Analysis of the movements of Schistosoma mansoni miracida using dark-ground photography. AB - A dark-ground photographic technique was used to study the effects of several physical and chemical conditions on the behavior of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. Miracidial speed was affected by miracidial aging, temperature, light intensity, and to a small extent by snail conditioned water (SCW). Rates of change of direction were influenced by miracidial aging, sudden increases in light intensity, and by SCW at 20%, 60%, and 100% concentrations. Adaptation to 20% SCW was apparent within 40 min of miracidial contact with the solution. PMID- 824431 TI - Shedding of Sarcocystis in feces of dogs and cats fed muscles of naturally infected food animals in the midwestern United States. PMID- 824432 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of IgG on adult Schistosoma mansoni tegumental surfaces. PMID- 824433 TI - Effects of metal salts in prolonging antibacterial activity of teeth treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline. PMID- 824434 TI - Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of furosemide in dogs and monkeys I: analytical methodology, metabolism, and urinary excretion. AB - 35S-Furosemide was administered to beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys in an oral solution on a single and a 20 repeated 5-mg/kg/day dosing regimen. Following the single dose, 25.0% (dogs) and 24.0% (monkeys) of the dose were excreted in the urine in 24 hr. TLC analysis demonstrated that both species had similar excretory patterns; i.e., over 80% of the amount excreted in the urine was present as unchanged durosemide and the remainder was composed of a known metabolite, saluamine, and an as yet unidentified metabolite(s). The repetitive dosing regimen did not appear to alter significantly either the total amount recovered in the 24-hr urine or the excretion pattern. Studies in dogs showed that only 50 60% of furosemide was absorbed from oral solution. A significant biliary secretion elimination pathway for furosemide also was observed. PMID- 824435 TI - Stabilized compressed nitroglycerin tablets. AB - A stabilized compressed nitroglycerin tablet, containing microocrystalline cellulose NF and providone NF as stabilizing agents, was formulated. Bioavailability and physical tests were conducted on the compressed tablet and two leading brands of molded tablets. There was no difference in the mean pulse rate between a molded tablet formulation and the compressed tablet in a crossover study using 10 human volunteers and three tablet strengths, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 mg. The compressed tablet was most uniform when tested according to the USP method for weight variation and content uniformity. Various tests for nitroglycerin loss due to volatility, i.e., open dish test, thermogravimetric analysis, and simulated in-use test, all indicated that the stabilized compressed tablet was substantially more stable than partially stabilized or unstabilized molded tablets. PMID- 824436 TI - Inhibition of Streptococcus faecalis by long chain aliphatic monoamines: quantitative structure-activity studies. AB - Primary, secondary, and tertiary long chain aliphatic amines were synthesized, and their activity against Streptococcus faecalis was determined. Quantitative structure-activity analyses were carried out based on the Hansch extrathermodynamic model, using partition coefficients, CMC's, quantum mechanical charges on the amine nitrogen, and the Taft steric parameter. The best correlations were obtained with the CMC. Steric properties of the ammonium head become important for tertiary amines. The structural feature of these compounds that dominates biological activity is the length of the alkyl tail. Ammonium head substituents are of only secondary importance. PMID- 824437 TI - 5-Aryloxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines as potential prophylactic antimalarials. AB - 5-(p-Anisyloxy)-6-methoxy-8-(5-isopropylaminopentylamino)quinoline was resynthesized for evaluation in the Plasmodium berghei and monkey prophylactic (Plasmodium cynomolgi) tests. A new primary amine, three secondary amines, and one structurally modified side-chain analog of the 5-aryloxy series were also prepared. None of these compounds showed significant antimalarial or prophylactic activity. PMID- 824438 TI - In vivo loss of tritium from labeled drugs: determinations in urine and plasma. PMID- 824440 TI - Effects of intracoronary and intravenous nitroglycerin on coronary collateral function. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that nitroglycerin is capable of enhancing coronary collateral function. In the present investigation, the effects of intravenous and intracoronary nitroglycerin were compared to determine whether nitroglycerin augments collateral function by a direct action on the coronary circulation or only by indirect mechanisms. Dogs were studied 2 to 4 weeks after implantation of an ameroid constrictor around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Retrograde flow and peripheral coronary pressure were measured from side arms of a cannula inserted in the left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the ameroid constrictor. Systemic arterial pressure was held constant at approximately 100 mm Hg. Intracoronary nitroglycerin, 0.3 to 100 mug/min, produced dose-dependent increases in retrograde flow but no changes in peripheral coronary pressure. Intravenous nitroglycerin, 10 to 300 mug/min, produced dose-dependent increases in both retrograde flow and pheripheral coronary pressure. Decreasing heart rate from 180 to 60 beats/min increased both retrograde flow and peripheral coronary pressure, but the effect of nitroglycerin on these parameters was not influenced by heart rate. The results indicate that nitroglycerin enhances coronary collateral function by a direct coronary effect and that this direct effect is further augmented by indirect mechanisms. Decreasing heart rate also augments collateral flow, but the effect of nitroglycerin on coronary collateral flow is independent of heart rate. PMID- 824439 TI - Effects of propranolol on behavior maintained under fixed-ratio schedules of cocaine injection or food presentation in squirrel monkeys. AB - Behavior of squirrel monkeys was maintained under comparable 30-response fixed ratio schedules of cocaine injection or fooc presentation. Every 30th key press in the presence of a green light produced an intravenous injection of 25 mug/kg of cocaine in one group of monkeys or delivery of a food pellet in a second group of monkeys. Each cocaine injection or food presentation was followed by a 1 minute timeout period, during which the green light was absent and responses had no programmed consequences. Responding at a mean rate of more than 1/sec was maintained in the presence of the green light during each daily session. Propranolol doses from 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg i.m. had no effect on food-maintained responding but decreased cocaine-maintained responding by approximately 30%. The selective disruption of cocaine-maintained responding by propranolol appeared to depend on the cumulative cocaine dose. Decreases in cocaine-maintained responding after propranolol became increasingly pronounced as the session progressed. Similar progressive decreases in cocaine-maintained responding were produced by increasing the dose of cocaine per injection. PMID- 824441 TI - Behavior maintained under a second-order schedule by intramuscular injection of morphine or cocaine in rhesus monkeys. AB - Three rhesus monkeys lived in primate cages provided with response keys and enclosed in isolation chambers. During experimental sessions on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, the chamber door was closed and every 10th key-pressing response during a 60-minute interval produced a 2-second red light, but had no other programmed consequences (the 10-response fixed-ratio component of the second order schedule; FR 10). The first FR 10 component completed after the 60-minute interval had elapsed produced a red light which remained on for 2 minutes while the chamber door was opened; the monkey then extended his arm and was given an intramuscular injection of drug (the 60-minute fixed-interval component of the second-order schedule; FI 60 min). Under this second-order schedule of intramuscular drug injection, repeated sequences of rapid responding were maintained during each session by 0.75 to 3.0 mg/kg injections of either morphine or cocaine. Patterns of responding characteristic of FR schedules were controlled by the 2-second red lights; a pause in responding after each 2-second red light was followed by a sustained high rate of responding until the light was produced again. Pauses in responding became progressively shorter as time elapsed in the 60-minute interval. When saline injections were substituted for drug injections, responding markedly decreased. When responding was maintained by 3.0 mg/kg morphine injections, pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg of nalorphine increased responding, while pretreatment with 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg of nalorphine decreased responding. PMID- 824443 TI - Responses of neurones in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey [proceedings]. PMID- 824442 TI - Natriuretic effect of furosemide after inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. AB - The effects of furosemide on stimulation of renin secretion and urinary sodium excretion were studied in dogs pretreated with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, indomethacin and meclofenamate. Pretreatment with these drugs failed to modify the natriuretic response to furosemide but completely blocked the rise in arterial plasma renin concentration produced by the diuretic. The organic acid probenecid did not affect either the natriuretic response or the increase in renin. In separate experiments, it was not possible to separate the effects of indomethacin on prostaglandin secretion, the renin-angiotensin system or renal hemodynamics. It is concluded that in the dog the natriuretic response to furosemide is not linked to the possible prostaglandin-induced increase in renal blood flow. Indomethacin apparently affects furosemide-induced renin secretion at both the vascular and macula densa sites. The data also suggest that the prostaglandins may be more important than the renin-angiotensin system in the modulation of intrarenal hemodynamics. PMID- 824444 TI - A comparison of the responsiveness to peripheral stimuli of pre-central cortical neurones in anaesthetized and conscious monkeys [proceedings]. PMID- 824446 TI - RBE values of high-energy electron beams at various depths in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 824445 TI - The passive permeability of the skin of anuran amphibia: a comparison of frogs (Rana pipiens) and toads (Bufo marinus). AB - 1. Efflux of Na across dorsal skin, in vitro (bathed on both sides with Ringer solution), of frogs and toads were similar, but it was greater in ventral skin from the latter. 2. The efflux of Na declined, in both species, when the external surface of ventral, but not dorsal, skin was exposed to hyposmotic solutions with a low Na concentration. This change in Na permeability was influenced by the low osmotic concentration as well as the low Na concentration. 3. Efflux of Cl was similar in both the dorsal and ventral skin preparations (Ringer on both sides) from frogs and toads. 4. Chloride efflux declined in all skin preparations exposed on the external surface to dilute Ringer solution. Solute replacement with sucrose or choline or Na2SO4 showed that the decreased Cl efflux was principally due to the low Cl concentration, though Na may also contribute. This observation suggests the presence of Cl-/Cl- exchange diffusion mechanism. 5. Cutaneous urea permeability was less in toads than frogs and the dorsal and ventral skin was similar with respect to this solute in each species. 6. The presence of external hyposmotic solutions reduced the efflux, but not the influx, of urea across frog, but not toad, skin and it appeared that solvent 'drag' may contribute to this change. 7. Diffusion permeability to water was greater in frogs than toads and in the latter the ventral skin was more permeable than the dorsal. 8. The passive permeability of amphibian skin shows considerable interspecific and regional differences to various molecules which do not necessarily parallel each other. The control of passive cutaneous permeability appears to involve a variety of specific mechanisms, the distribution of which may have evolved during their adaptation to different environments. PMID- 824447 TI - Reduced 8-aminoquinoline analogues as potential antimalarial agents. AB - The synthesis of 1-alkyl-8-(aminoalkylamino)-6-methyl1-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinolines, 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-6-methoxy-1-methyl1-1,2 dihydroquinoline, 5-substituted 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-1-methyl-1,2 dihydroquinolines, 8-alkylamino-1-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinolines, 1-)2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinoline, 1-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-8-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethylamino) 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, and 2-substituted 8-methoxy-5,6,-dihydro-4 imidazo [i,j]quinolines is described. These compounds as well as most of the intermediates used in their preparation were tested against Plasmodium berghei in mice, and a few compounds were tested for prophylactic activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 824448 TI - Membrane structural specialization of the toad urinary bladder revealed by the freeze-fracture technique. II. The mitochondria-rich cell. AB - Examination of the toad urinary bladder by freeze-fracture electron microscopy reveals that the mitochondria-rich cells of the epithelium possess distinctive and characteristic membrane structural specialization. Unique rod-shaped intramembrane particles are found in luminal and basal membranes as well as certain intracellular vesicles of this cell type. The consistent findings of two discrete patterns of luminal membrane structural organization supports the possibility that two morphological forms of mitochondria-rich cell exist within the toad bladder epithelium. PMID- 824449 TI - Peculiar artefacts after fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. AB - Peculiar electron dense granules were observed, in otherwise well preserved structures of the heart muscle and kidney of the rat after a 5-10 min perfusion, a 2 h fixation in the modified Karnovsky solution, followed by a postfixation in Millonig buffer containing 1% OsO4. The granules appeared most frequently on membranes, the surface of the red blood cells and in pinocytotic vacuoles, in stained and unstained sections alike. No artefacts were produced when the same buffer was used for both pre- and postfixation, or when the postfixative contained Veronal buffer. PMID- 824450 TI - Microwave-induced hearing: some preliminary theoretical observations. AB - Pulsed microwaves impinging on the head of animals and man produce auditory sensations. Theoretical analyses indicate a series of resonant frequencies occurring inside the head. This is supported by previous observations of characteristic oscillations recorded from the round window of mammals during pulsed microwave irradiation. PMID- 824451 TI - DNA synthesis in vivo in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 824452 TI - Chicken liver ribosomes: characterization of cross-reaction and inhibition of some functions by antibodies prepared against Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L7 and L12. PMID- 824453 TI - Organization of ribosomal protein genes in Escherichia coli. II. Mapping of ribosomal protein genes by in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins using DNA fragments of a transducing phage as templates. PMID- 824454 TI - Purification of globin messenger RNA from dimethylsulfoxide-induced Friend cells and detection of a putative globin messenger RNA precursor. PMID- 824455 TI - Preferential cytotoxicity of 5-thio-D-glucose against hypoxic tumor cells. AB - 5-Thio-D-glucose effectively killed hypoxic mastocytoma cells of DBA/2J mice, whereas it merely suppressed the growth of oxic cells. This specific toxicity suggested that 5-thio-D-glucose may be a useful adjuvant to radiotherapy by eliminating hypoxic protection. PMID- 824456 TI - Short-term line of normal baboon mammary epithelial cells. AB - Cells from the breast fluids of 27 baboons (Papio anubis), 4 stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides), and 5 rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) were grown in primary culture. A short-term mammary epithelial cell line (7 passages) was derived from cells of the breast fluids of 1 baboon. These cells were characterized as normal, epithelial, and baboon, by karyology, growth in both soft agar and methyl cellulose, and morphology by light and electron microscopy. Papanicolaou smears of breast fluid and mammography of the baboon revealed no abnormalities. The cells showed no evidence of tumor virus production. PMID- 824457 TI - Serious infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Infections due to Ps. aeruginosa are a problem in the tropics as in other parts of the world. Over a four year period, 15 patients attending University College Hospital, Ibadan, were proved to have septicaemia due to this organism and 13 patients died rapidly as a direct result of the infection. The two patients who survived the acute episode had received immediate treatment with at least one antibiotic active against Ps. aeruginosa: a third patient, who received immediate appropriate antibiotic therapy, was already suffering from aplastic anaemia and died rapidly despite treatment. The remaining patients received inappropriate antibiotic therapy because pseudomonas infection was not suspected at the time the diagnosis of septicaemia was made. Patients most at risk appear to be the very young and those with pre-existing malignant or other conditions affecting the defence mechanisms of the body: it is suggested that routine initial management of such patients should include a blood culture, followed by immediate treatment with an antibiotic combination that includes at least one agent likely to be active against Ps. aeruginosa. The development of medical services can lead to the introduction of ophthalmic or other operations on tissues that are highly susceptible to infection before facilities are provided for the maintenance of a pathogen-free environment. Following an outbreak of eye infection after cataract extractions, carried out in an old and unsatisfactory theatre, wide-spread room contamination was demonstrated with the same strains of Ps. aeruginosa that had been responsible for the clinical infections. Chemical disinfection of the theatre floor failed to eliminate the organisms, although other experiments suggested that the drying effect of air-conditioning would be successful in this respect. The wisdom of introducing such operations before the provision of adequate facilities is seriously questioned. PMID- 824458 TI - The short-term prognosis of protein-calorie malnutrition in Marmara region of Turkey. PMID- 824459 TI - Restriction and modification in Bacillus subtilis: inducibility of a DNA methylating activity in nonmodifying cells. AB - The nonrestricting/nonmodifying strain Bacillus subtilis 222 (r-m-) can be induced to synthesize a DNA-modifying activity upon treatment with either mitomycin C (MC) or UV light. This is shown by the following facts. (i) Infection of MC-pretreated 222 cells with unmodified SPP1 phage yields about 3% modified phage that are resistant to restriction in B. subtilis R (r+m+). The induced modifying activity causes the production of a small fraction of fully modified phage in a minority class of MC-treated host cells. (ii) The MC-pretreated host cells contain a DNA cytosine methylating activity: both bacterial and phage DNAs have elevated levels of 5-methylcytosine. (iii) The MC-induced methylation of SPP1 DNA takes place at the recognition nucleotide sequences of restriction endonuclease R from B. subtilis R. (iv) Crude extracts of MC-pretreated 222 cells have enhanced DNA methyltransferase activities, with a substrate specificity similar to that found in modification enzymes present in (constitutively) modifying strains. PMID- 824460 TI - Semliki Forest virus capsid protein associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit in infected cells. AB - Semlike forest virus capsid protein cosedimented with the large ribosomal subunit at 60S in sucrose gradients after treatment of cytoplasm from infected cells with Triton X-100 and EDTA. In CsCl gradients the capsid protein banded with the subunit at a density of 1.56 to 1.57 g/cm3. Most of the capsid protein could be detached from the 60S structure by treatment with 0.8 M KCl. The ribonucleoprotein of the 26S RNA had a sedimentation value of 53S and a density of 1.50 g/cm3 and could thus be separated from the 60S structure. The data suggest that the capsid protein binds to the large ribosomal subunit, but not to the viral 26S RNA. PMID- 824461 TI - Prophage mutation causing heat inducibility of defective Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBSX. AB - A mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 has been isolated in which the defective phage PBSX was heat inducible, whereas another phage, phi105, was not so induced. A culture of the mutant grown at 30 degrees C, when shifted to 45 degrees C, began to lyse after 45 min; cell viability began to decrease after 10 min. Heat-induced lysis of the mutant was prevented by chloramphenicol. DNA, RNA, protein, and peptidoglycan synthesis were normal at the nonpermissive temperature up to the time of lysis. The site of xhi-1479 mutation causing this phenotype was linked (50%) in phage PBS1-mediated transduction to the host marker metC and to another PBSX marker xtl and was thus thought to map within the PBSX prophage. The order of markers was argC-thiB-metA-xhi-metC. The xhi mutation was thus distinct from another mutation, tsi-23, causing a similar heat inducibility of PBSX (Siegel and Marmur, 1969), which was unlinked to the metC marker. tsi-23 is therefore thought to be a host mutation, and the available evidence for a scattered phage genome being the cause of the defective nature of PBSX is thus less tenable. It was shown that the mutant, besides carrying the xhi mutation, also carried another closely linked mutation, xki-1479, which caused the PBSX produced to have no killing activity on the sensitive strain W23. The xki mutation was separated from xhi by recombination. PMID- 824462 TI - Genetic evidence that Bacillus bacteriophage phi 105 integrates by insertion. AB - Genetic analysis by PBS1 transduction has demonstrated that bacterial markers spanning the phi105 attachment site are spread upon integration, accounting for insertion of one or more phi105 genomes. PMID- 824464 TI - False-positive blood cultures. Association with nonsterile blood collection tubes. AB - A substantial increase in blood cultures positive for a Serratia marcescens strain unusually sensitive to antibiotics was noted in two large hospitals within six months. Because the patients' illnesses seemed incompatible with Serratia bacteremia, contamination of blood cultures was suspected. Investigation suggested that pediatric-sized vacuum tubes containing ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were the source of the organisms, and the epidemic strain of Serratia was recovered from 41 (35%) of the 116 tubes cultured. Mock trials showed that reflux from tube to syringe can occur while vacuum tubes are being filled. Because contaminated EDTA tubes were sometimes inoculated before blood culture bottles in these hospitals, cross-contamination occurred. Most evacuated specimen tubes are not guaranteed sterile by the manufacturer. False-positive blood cultures stemming from the use of nonsterile tubes can be eliminated by inoculating blood culture bottles before other specimen tubes. Because false positive blood cultures may lead to unnecessary antibiotic therapy, health-care workers should guard against the potential hazard associated with use of these tubes. PMID- 824463 TI - Bacteriophage PBS2-induced inhibition of uracil-containing DNA degradation. AB - Degradation of uracil-containing DNA by Bacillus subtilis extracts and its inhibition after infection by the uracil-containing DNA phage PBS2 have been investigated to resolve differences between the published reports of Tomita and Takahashi (1975) and Friedberg et al. (1975, 1976). The product of hydrolysis of PBS2 DNA, tritium labeled in its uracil and cytosine residues, is solely uracil and not deoxyuridine. The degrading activity is completely inhibited within 7 min after PBS2 infection, before any other known PBS2-induced protein is detectable. The production of the PBS2 inhibitor (a small, heat-stable protein) continues until 10 to 20 min postinfection. PMID- 824465 TI - Withdrawal reaction to diazepam. PMID- 824466 TI - Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A sign of cystic fibrosis in young adults with chronic pulmonary disease? AB - Two adult patients with cystic fibrosis had late onset of symptoms with principal involvement only of the lungs. The absence of other typical features of cystic fibrosis confused the diagnosis. Recovery of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum cultures helped to establish the diagnosis in these patients, because these mucoid isolates are rarely obtained from subjects who do not have cystic fibrosis. Recent findings, which have identified the mucoid isolates as predominantly a single strain of P aeruginosa and have documented its widespread carriage in the United States by patients with cystic fibrosis, point to an interesting epidemiologic relationship between this bacterium and this disease. PMID- 824467 TI - Esophageal involvement with mediastinal granuloma. AB - A review of 95 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with mediastinal granuloma indicated that ten (10.5%) had esophageal involvement. The primary complaint was dysphagia. Esophageal roentgenographic features included compression, stricture, diverticulum, sinus tract formation, and tracheoesophageal fistula. An esophagogram should be included in the workup of any patient with suspected mediastinal granuloma. PMID- 824468 TI - Low dose penicillin for gonococcal arthritis. A comparative therapy trial. AB - Sixty-three patients with gonococcal arthritis completed a double-blind randomized penicillin therapy trial comparing a low dose regimen (procaine penicillin G, 600,000 units intramuscularly, given every 12 hours for up to ten days) with a high dose (the same procaine penicillin regimen and intravenous aqueous penicillin G, 10 million units daily, for the first three days). Pretherapy features were similar in the 36 patients allocated to low-dose vs the 27 to high-dose therapy. All patients had definite improvement within 48 hours of the initiation of either regimen. No therapeutic response variable studied differed significantly between the groups. Thus, no additional therapeutic benefit accrued from the high doses of penicillin. The absence of complications or failures in either treatment group indicate that gonococcal arthritis is ordinarily quite responsive to low doses of penicillin given intramuscularly, and that massive intravenous therapy is unnecessary. PMID- 824469 TI - Gonococcal osteomyelitis. An unusual complication of gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 824470 TI - Penicillin-sensitive gonococci and polyarthritis. PMID- 824471 TI - The current concepts of the epidemiology of peptic ulcer. PMID- 824472 TI - Study of a method of prolonged conservative management of acute burn wounds in a Pakistani hospital. PMID- 824473 TI - Aminoacid imbalance ratio in liver disease. AB - Amino acid imbalance ratio was determined in apparently healthy Pakistanis and patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. The ratio was normal in 75% of the patients with actue viral hepatitis but in only 5% with cirrhosis of the liver. The ratio was abnormal in 25% cases of acute viral hepatitis possibly due to aminoaciduria. The abnormal ratio in cirrhosis of the liver indicated the functional capacity for albumin synthesis and correlated well with serum albumin concentration. PMID- 824474 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in children-a clinical study. AB - The clinical and biochemical features of 54 children with Nephrotic Syndrome seen over a period of 6 years and the response to Prednisolone therapy in 43 cases is presented. The disease was more prevalent in male children and the highest incidence was observed at the age of 3 years. An excellent response to steroid therapy was obtained in cases with a recent onset of disease and no nephritic features. PMID- 824475 TI - L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent. AB - This paper is an extension of a previous report (Yaqub 1975). Our interest in L asparaginase is increasing due to the recognition of the fact that it is a best tool against leukemia. In this paper we have tried to discuss (in view of research work, 1973-75) its basic characteristics and its practicability of successfully being used as an antitumour agent. PMID- 824476 TI - [Studies of cell content and surface and secretory immunoglobulins in myeloma, macroglobulinemia, malignant lymphoma and related leukemic diseases]. PMID- 824477 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of viruses and viral infections]. PMID- 824478 TI - [Separation and qualitative determination of phospholipid classes in human serum: method and significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 824479 TI - [Study of experimental skin carcinogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 824480 TI - [Diverticulum of the upper gastrointestinal tract in healthy individuals]. PMID- 824481 TI - An attempt to cultivate mycobacteria in simple synthetic liquid medium containing lecithin-cholesterol liposomes. AB - An attempt was made to cultivate mycobacteria in a simple synthetic liquid medium containing lecithin-cholesterol liposomes. This lipid complex showed a marked growth-promoting effect on the submerged growth of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. The role of lecithin as nutrient was suggested. The bacillary growth in such environment retained good viability, strong acid-fastness, and high virulence in mice. An avirulent strain of tubercle bacilli, H37Ra, did not respond to lecithin cholesterol liposomes unlike the parent virulent strain, H37Rv. However, this was not a general rule for virulence, as a highly virulent strain of M. bovis (Ravenel) and an attenuated strain (BCG) both grew well in the presence of lipsomes. Lipid analysis showed that cholesterol in the liposome medium was esterified to some extent during the bacterial growth. It was discussed that the culture in the liposome-containing medium may present an experimental model for the study of interaction between mycobacteria and the macrophage membrane. PMID- 824483 TI - Detection of antibody to rinderpest virus by indirect fluorescent antibody technique. PMID- 824482 TI - Accumulation of cholesterol esters in macrophages incubated with mycobacteria in vitro. AB - Macrophages separated from the granulomatous lungs of tuberculous mice had a high amount of cholesterol esters. Resident peritoneal macrophages of normal mice were very low in the ester content. However, when the cells were incubated with mycobacteria in Hanks' solution the ester content of the mixture increased greatly. Peritoneal macrophages harvested by induction with casein had a much larger amount of cholesterol esters than unstimulated resident cells. When such stimulated macrophages were incubated alone in Hanks' solution, the ester content went down probably due to hydrolysis into free form. This reduction was markedly inhibited by incubation with mycobacteria. These observations at a macrophage level presented a cytological explanation for our previous finding that cholesterol ester content increased in the mouse lungs with the development of granulomatous lesions. PMID- 824485 TI - Alteration of the in vitro host range of rabies virus after serial chick embryo cell passage using alkaline maintenance medium. AB - HEP Flury strain of rabies virus maintained by 7-day chicken egg passage (parent line) and the same strain serially passaged in primary chick embryo (CE) cells using alkaline maintenance medium (AM line) were inoculated to cells of various species. Growth was negative in primary mouse embryo, L and HeLa cells, and positive in primary hamster kidney and BHK21 cells with both lines. An all-or none difference between the two lines was observed in primary monkey kidney and Vero cells. The parent line did not multiply in these monkey cells, whereas the AM line grew to high titers. In the case of Vero cells a unique cytopathic effect (CPE) was induced by the AM line. After five consecutive passages in Vero cells, the CPE-inducing agent was identified as rabies virus by a neutralization test. It was infective to intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice but not to adult mice, and its Vero cell-infective titer determined by CPE induction was about 1 log lower than the baby mouse-infective and CE plaque-forming titers. In contrast to the AM line, HEP Flury strain receiving 150 CE cell passages under neutral maintenance medium and three other strains receiving similar CE cell passages all failed to grow in Vero cells. PMID- 824484 TI - Mitogenic activity of the cell walls of mycobacteria, nocardia, corynebacteria and anaerobic coryneforms. AB - The mitogenic activity of the cell walls prepared from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Nocardia rubra, Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8, and four species of Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium parvum ATCC 11829, Propionibacterium acnes C7, Propionibacterium granulosum ATCC 25564 and Propionibacterium avidum ATCC 25577, were investigated. These cell walls were active as mitogens on normal spleen cells, anti-O sera-treated spleen cells, macrophage-depleted spleen cells of C57BL/6J mice and cortisone-treated thymocytes of C57BL/6J mice. It was also shown that these cell walls were mitogenic on spleen cells and macrophage depleted spleen cells of congenitally athymic (nude) mice. The above results suggest that the cell walls investigated in this study act as mitogens on both thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells). PMID- 824486 TI - [Nutritional management of patients following esophagoplasty]. PMID- 824487 TI - [Experimental study on the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the airways]. PMID- 824488 TI - [Surgical management of Recklinghausen's disease associated with intrathoracic neoplasms]. PMID- 824489 TI - Uteroplacental physiology. PMID- 824490 TI - Fetal monitoring: what does it cost? What is the benefit? PMID- 824492 TI - [Selection of the method of treatment for noncavitary tuberculosis cases with negative sputum for more than 6 months based on culture findings of tubercule bacilli from resected specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 824491 TI - Osler as a medical geneticist. AB - Osler's immediate successor as Regius Professor at Oxford was Archibald Garrod (1857-1936), the founder of biochemical genetics. Like Mendel's, Garrod's concepts and discoveries were late in gaining wide currency and had in effect ot be rediscovered by Beadle and Tatum and by the students of biochemical individuality in the 1950s and 1960s. I have attempted to show that Garrod's predecessor Regius also contributed to medical genetics--not to its theoretical roots, to be sure, but certainly in an important way to the nosology of genetic disease. PMID- 824493 TI - [Treatment of gastric and duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 824494 TI - [Transumbilical infusion therapy in biliary tract surgery]. PMID- 824495 TI - [The protective effect of human milk against infections and its potential causes (author's transl)]. AB - The protective effect of breast feeding against infections is well proved by the experiences in underdeveloped countries and in industrial countries as well as shown by numerous investigations in several populations of different social structure. Various factors are meant to be responsible for this special property of human milk, the importance of which is to be discussed. The lysozyme and the lactoferrin are two different antibacterial factors well known since a long time, the former of which is mainly directed against grampositive organisms and against gramnegative ones only under special conditions. Lactoferrin is effective against E. coli and Staphylococcus as well. The neuraminic acid of which the human milk contains a larger quantity than cow's milk also inhibits the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus. A further factor consisting of isomers of linoleic acid protects mice against lethal Staphylococcus - infections. The most important antibacterial principles of human milk are meant to be specific immunoglobulins, specially secretory IgA. The immunoglobulins are mainly important for the young baby in the early stage of life. The fecal bifidusflora specific for the breast fed infant is also meant to be protective against several infections. The factors of human milk provoking this special kind of intestinal flora are to be discussed. In the artificial-fed infant bifidus flora like that of breast-fed one can arise by application of lactulose. Nowadays, bifidus-flora can probably be obtained by application of beta-lactose. It is suggested, that infants with bifidus-flora provoked by one of this means are protected against intestinal infections. The results of all investigations on mother's milk lead to the conclusion, that breast-feeding is the optimal kind of alimentation in the first time of life, not only concerning the composition of the food, but concerning protection against infections. PMID- 824497 TI - [Biological effect of vibration on plants]. AB - The biological effect of vibration of Lactuca sativa dry seeds and seedlings cultivated at optimal (20 degrees C) and suboptimal (4 degrees C) temperatures was studied. The effect of vibration slightly depended on its frequency (500-2000 Hz). However, plant sensitivity to the exposure was related to their physiological state. Vibration-induced disorders were transient, i.e. they returned to the normal rapidly enough. PMID- 824496 TI - Human C-peptide. Part II: Clinical studies. AB - Human C-peptide is determined by radioimmunoassay. On gel filtration of serum from a healthy subject and from a patient with islet cell carcinoma, C-peptide (MW 3025) appears ahead of insulin (MW 5808) and shows much higher molar concentrations than the hormone. Human proinsulin cross-reacts with our antiserum to synthetic human C-peptide. On direct determination of immunomeasurable C peptide (IMCP) in fasting serum of 25 healthy subjects we find an average of 1.8 (+/- 0.4) ng/ml, corresponding to 60.4 X 10(-11) Mol/l. The molar concentration is about five-fold as compared to IMI (immuno-measurable insulin). IMCP and IMI patterns are not identical on stimulation of beta-cell secretion in healthy subjects by i.v. glucose or glucose-glibenclamide. This is probably due to differences in peripheral metabolism of both compounds. We conclude from our results that C-peptide determined in peripheral venous serum is a better indicator of beta-cell secretion than is insulin. Among 26 insulin-treated juvenile diabetics 15 show not measurable and 11 subnormal IMCP levels in fasting serum. No rise in IMCP is found 1-2 h following breakfast. Four juvenile patients receiving no insulin in a phase of total diabetes remission have normal or raised fasting IMCP concentrations. Only 2 out of 24 adult diabetics (16 treated with insulin and 8 with tablets) show non-measurable fasting IMCP concentrations, in another 4 patients values are below and in the remaining 18 cases above 1 ng/ml serum. Stimulation of beta-cell secretion through glucose-glibenclamide is more or less impaired in all adult diabetics compared to the healthy subjects. PMID- 824498 TI - The occurrence of ureaplasmas in marmosets. AB - Ureaplasmas were isolated from the oropharynx of all of 22 male and 19 female adult marmosets and from the genital tract of about a quarter of them. These ureaplasmas seem to be natural inhabitants of the oropharynx and not of human origin because half the animals had had very limited human contact and preliminary serological tests indicate that the organisms are not the same as the known human serotypes. 11 babies born in captivity were found to have oropharyngeal organisms usually within 24 h of birth and the oropharynx of the parents was thought to be the most likely source. The marmoset may be a useful model for studying the role of ureaplasmas in human disease. PMID- 824499 TI - Oral glucose tolerance test in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The glucose tolerance test was simplified so that it could be performed on more than one cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) at a time. Glucose was administered orally in a dose of 2 g/kg body weight as a 50% aqueous solution, and blood samples were taken just before and 30 minutes and 150 minutes after glucose administration. The simplified test was conducted on a total of 93 cynomolgus monkeys. Glucose tolerance curves obtained by this method were classified into three patterns with regard to the increasing rate of serum glucose concentration per minute and the decreasing rate. Seventy-one monkeys showed the first pattern characterized by an increasing rate of 1.0 mg/min or more and a decreasing rate of 0.2 mg/min or more. The second pattern showing an increasing rate of 1.0 mg/min or more and a decreasing rate of less than 0.2 mg/min was obtained with 10 monkeys. The remaining 12 monkeys exhibited the third pattern in which the increasing rate and the decreasing rate were less than 1.0 mg/min and 0.2 mg/min, respectively. The first pattern is considered to be normal glucose tolerance, while the second and third patterns are regarded as abnormal ones. The incidence of the abnormal patterns was significantly higher in wild imported cynomolgus monkeys than in laboratory bred monkeys. PMID- 824500 TI - Chromobacterium violaceum infection in a nonhuman primate (Macaca assamensis). AB - Chromobacteriosis caused by Chromobacterium violaceum was diagnosed as an Assam macaque, Macaca assamensis, that died 4 days after receipt of the Yerkes Primate Center, It was received from a primate facility in Florida where it has been housed with a group of rhesus monkeys for 5 years. The animal died suddenly without showing any signs of clinical illness. Necropsy findings included extensive hepatic necrosis with the formation of multiple large cavitary lesions. Foci of necrosis were also found in the lungs and lymph nodes. Numerous gram negative bacilli were demonstrable in the lesions and Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from the blood, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys. PMID- 824501 TI - A urine collection device for use with the male pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 824502 TI - Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis: comparison of therapy with low dose and high dose insulin. PMID- 824503 TI - Medical director's role in the skilled nursing facility. PMID- 824504 TI - Ring theory. II. Fractional tandem model. PMID- 824506 TI - Investigative methods. PMID- 824505 TI - The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional ventilation and perfusion in the normal and injured primate lung. AB - Although positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is being employed in the management of respiratory insufficiency, many of its physiological effects remain undetermined. The cardiopulmonary effects of PEEP as well as its effect on regional ventilation and perfusion were studied in 10 baboons before and after pulmonary injury with oleic acid. In the normal lung, there was significant improvement in oxygenation at a PEEP of 5 cm. of water secondary to improved ventilation and perfusion in all PEEP greater than 5 cm. of water produced increasing mismatch of ventilation and perfusion in all zones. After oleic acid was injected, hypoxemia was evident with a reversal of the normal ventilation perfusion (V/Q) relationship between upper and lower lung zones. This mismatch of ventilation and perfusion was corrected at a PEEP of 15 cm. of water. It was reasonable to conclude that the use of PEEP in the injured lung exerts it beneficial effect by balancing regional ventilation and perfusion in addition to increasing functional residual capacity. PMID- 824507 TI - The syndromes of cardiac pain. PMID- 824508 TI - [Bacterial contamination of the dialysis system]. PMID- 824509 TI - Medical economics survey-methods study: design, data collection, and analytical plan. AB - This paper describes the background, methodology, data collection, and analytical plan of a pilot investigation conducted under contract for the National Center for Health Statistics during 1975. The objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of a variety of strategies under consideration for national application to develop previously unavailable information on utilization of, and the costs and payments for, health care. Detailed data on health care utilization and expenditures were collected periodically from a panel of 691 Maryland households over a six-month interval. Issues to be tested through a random experimental design include whether periodicity (monthly vs bimonthly interviews) and type of contact (in-person vs telephone) are significant factors in the cost effectiveness of this type of survey. An extensive record check involving all providers and third-party payers identified in the household survey was carried out. Record information will be used to 1) provide a basis for measuring accuracy of household data, 2) fill gaps in household knowledge, and 3) determine whether a subset of the record sources can provide adequate information for correcting household data. The household survey resulted in an initial response rate of 77.5 per cent with a subsequent attrition rate over six months of 13.6 per cent. Signed permission to access record data was obtained for 84.9 per cent of the individuals completing the entire survey. The most intensive survey strategy, monthly, mostly in-person contact, resulted in the lowest participation. The analytical plan presents details of the approaches to be taken in making judgments on the relative accuracy and completeness of data obtained by the various survey strategies and the contribution made by availability of data from record sources. PMID- 824510 TI - The measurement of expenditures for outpatient physician and dental services: methodological findings from the health insurance study. AB - Survey data measuring outpatient health expenditure are evaluated for item nonresponse, measurement error, and bias. Item nonresponse is high for persons whose health care is financed through the public sector, but is otherwise manageable. Estimates of mean total and out-of-pocket physician and dental expenditure from two surveys using indirect methods (including the Health Insurance Study) are compared with nonsurvey estimates. Out-of-pocket physician expenditure is overestimated, but the other measures appear unbiased. Estimates using direct, self-administrated methods appear biased upward. We demonstrate that commonly used record check methods for evaluating survey data will make random error appear as bias, and a methodology we develop shows substantial random error in the measurement of dental expenditure: 44 per cent of the total variance in survey data and 39 per cent of the variance in records. PMID- 824511 TI - The effect of measurement error on differences in hospital expenditures. AB - Differences in expenditures for medical care among various subgroups in the population according to age, income, residence, and ethnicity have important public policy implications. However, few efforts have been made to assess the extent to which these apparent differences among subgroups observed in social surveys may be influenced by measurement error. This paper provides a framework for examining the impact of various kinds of error including random error and biases. The framework is applied to data on hospital expenditures from a national survey of health services expenditure which includes in addition to consumer reports, verifying information from hospitals, physicians, and third-party payers who provided services to persons in the sample. Differential error according to demographic and social characteristics is estimated. The impact of such differential error on conclusions about the distribution of health resources is discussed. PMID- 824512 TI - [Medical costs of road traffic accidents]. PMID- 824513 TI - [Penicillinase producing gonococcus]. PMID- 824514 TI - [Green monkey disease--a current epidemic hemorrhagic fever]. PMID- 824515 TI - Early intervention: a panacea or an experiment? PMID- 824516 TI - Cuddle bathing can be fun: the rewards of research. PMID- 824517 TI - Thermoregulation of the newborn. PMID- 824518 TI - How first-time fathers feel toward their newborns. PMID- 824519 TI - Is the nurturing role natural to fathers? PMID- 824520 TI - Childbirth outside the hospital - the resurgence of home and clinic deliveries. PMID- 824521 TI - A new way to teach teens about contraceptives. PMID- 824522 TI - The physiological role of hormones in puberty. PMID- 824523 TI - [In vitro tests for thyroid function]. PMID- 824524 TI - [Drug therapy of EPH-gestosis]. PMID- 824525 TI - Chemical composition of the spore sheath of Streptomyces griseus. AB - The fibrillar sheath surrounding spores of Streptomyces griseus was separated from spores and partially purified by differential centrifugation. The reaction of isolated sheath material to various solvents and enzymes was monitored by electron microscopy. Fibrilar elements (rodlets) were apparently resistant to most solvents and enzymes used; only acetone induced any change in their appearance. Analysis of sheath material showed that its composition differed considerably from that of spore walls, having a low content of nitrogen (1.7% w/w), amino sugars (0.067% w/w) and carbohydrate (0.036% w/w). It was suggested that the sheath may be at least partially inorganic in nature. PMID- 824526 TI - [Hydrogen metabolism in Anabaena variabilis in the dark]. AB - Cells and extracts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis are capable of hydrogen absorption in the dark in the presence of H-acceptors with various redox potentials. Preliminary adaptation of the cells to anaerobic conditions has no effect on the process. A. variabilis can also evolve hydrogen in the dark. Reduced methylviologen (RMV), formiate, pyruvate, and glucose may be substrates for hydrogen evolution by the cells. The extracts evolve hydrogen in the presence of RMV, benzylviologen, azocarmine, or NAD (P) H + ATP. No adaptation of the cells to anaerobic conditions is required for hydrogen evolution from RMV, and chloramphenicol has no effect on the process. The rate of hydrogen evolution is however higher in the cells adapted to anaerobic conditions. Production of hydrogen from pyruvate by the cells adapted and non-adapted to anaerobic conditions was detected only after their incubation with the substrate during 2- 3 hours, and chloramphenicol inhibited the process. PMID- 824527 TI - [Regulation of asparaginase and glutaminase activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens mutants lacking in the ability to synthesize glutamic acid]. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens, AG-M49, has been isolated, which lacks the ability to synthesize glutamic acid. The mutant contains both aspartase A and aspartase AG. The mutant was characterized by a considerably high activity of glutaminase and aspartase, increasing with the rate flow, during its continuous cultivation on a medium with L-glutamate. L-aspartate penetrates the cells and induces formation of the both deamidases in the mutant. In these conditions, the concentration of exocellular ammonia increases. Asparagine, but not glutamine, also stimulates production of the deamidases in the mutant. PMID- 824528 TI - [Role of microorganisms in the oxidation of petroleum in the Yarega deposit]. AB - 16.57% of oil was oxidized by microorganisms in aerobic conditions in the Yarega deposit. As a result, the specific weight of oil increased and the content of methane hydrocarbons decreased twice. Chemical oxidation of mono-, bicyclic aromatic and mononaphthene hydrocarbons was also found in the control experiment without microorganisms. PMID- 824529 TI - [Effect of Ca2+ ions on late stages of genetic transformation in Bacillus subtilis]. AB - Calcium chloride stimulated later stages of genetic transformation after irreversible binding of DNA in the cells of Bacillus subtilis. The composition of a solid medium with CaCl2 for selection after transformation is presented. PMID- 824531 TI - [An abscess formed by Salmonellae in a postoperative tumor cavity]. AB - A focal salmonella infection was detected in the postoperative cavity of a astrocytoma. S. paratyphi B was isolated several times from the same cavity during a 12 months period. Although effective antibiotics were administered in addition to the surgical cleaning procedures S. paratyphi B could not be eradicated. PMID- 824530 TI - [Use of hydropyrite in the chemiluminescent determination of iron-porphyrin proteins]. AB - Hydropyrite was found to be a suitable reagent which may be used in chemiluminescent reactions for determination of iron-porphyrin proteins. PMID- 824532 TI - [Induced filament formation in various types of Salmonella and other bacteria by means of sodium chloride]. AB - Induced filament formation in various Salmonellae (S. typhimurium, S. newport and S. cholerae suis) and other bacteria Proteus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and Sh. flexneri was seen. Sodium chloride was used as inducing agent in filament formation. The filaments were reversible morphologic variants and transformed to normal bacteria when the effects of inducing agent were removed from the growth media. PMID- 824533 TI - Changes in body fluid distribution in experimental protein malnutrition. PMID- 824534 TI - Measles immunization--cheap at the price. PMID- 824535 TI - The effect of disodium cromoglycate on human performance, alone and in combination with ethanol. AB - Seventeen paid volunteer subjects were used in a double-blind crossover experiment to investigate the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), alone and in combination with ethanol, on human perceptual, cognitive and motor performance. DSCG (40 mg) had little effect when given alone. When administered with ethanol (0-75 g/kg), DSCG did not significantly modify the ethanol-induced decrement in performance except in the complex reaction time test. PMID- 824537 TI - Interaction of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanoma cells in vitro. PMID- 824536 TI - Neurofibromatosis in childhood: a review of 25 cases. AB - The initial symptoms and signs of neurofibromatosis in 25 children are reported, and the literature is briefly reviewed. Two little known associations of neurofibromatosis are revealed. Four children showed hydrocephalus related to stricture of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Four other children presented with failure to thrive in infancy which was regarded in retrospect as a non-specific association of neurofibromatosis. It is emphasized that such manifestations may be the presenting features of neurofibromatosis in children. PMID- 824538 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of GM1-gangliosidosis [proceedings]. PMID- 824540 TI - [Treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate with Estracyt (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with parenteral and/or oral Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) until 55 months. Metastases were present in 37 patients (stage D). 35 of the 40 patients developed metastases in spite of estrogen therapy and/or orchidectomy. Diminution of metastasic bone pain as well as improvement of hydroureteronephrosis was frequently observed. Paraplegia secondary to metastatic disease improved in 1 case for 6 months. Side effects were relatively rare and were mainly gastrointestinal. A possible hepatotoxic action of the compound has been pointed out previously. On the basis of our studies Estracyt is recommended in the treatment of primary estrogen resistent prostatic carcinoma and in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate not responding to conventional antiandrogenic therapy anymore. PMID- 824539 TI - [Influence of nitrates on regional myocardial blood flow and left ventricular wall motion]. AB - Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by means of a computerized gamma camera system in 30 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 14 healthy control subjects. Ventricular wall motion was quantitatively analyzed in 65 CAD patients. Global and semiregional blood flow measurements yielded only limited information. In contrast, measurements of regional blood flow permitted detection of hypoperfused myocardium and the effects of pharmacologic intervention. The administration of 15 mg isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) resulted in an increase in blood flow in post-stenotic hypoperfused myocardial regions of 20p.c. and a decrease in flow through normal myocardium of 14 p.c. These observations represent the adaption of flow to a newly-established level of metabolic demand. This increase in blood flow coupled with a reduction in afterload leads to improved ventricular wall motion in 65-75 p.c. of areas of hypokinetic myocardium and, to a markedly lesser degree, in only 20-25 p.c. of akinetic regions. Dyskinetic regions show no improvement. As compared with the 13ml/loog/min increase in blood flow seen after intracoronary administration of 0.45 mg ISDN in normal coronary vessels, the compromised dilatory capacity of diseased coronary vessels results in a relatively small increase in flow of 6 ml/100 g/min. The reduction of the extravascular component of coronary resistance, thus, appears to be the mechanism primarily responsible for the therapeutic effect of nitrates. PMID- 824541 TI - [Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the clinical examination material]. PMID- 824542 TI - Equation for scatter-air ratios for megavoltage radiotherapy calculations. AB - Scatter-air ratios are tabulated quantities which are based on measurement and which are used to calculate the dose to points in the body of a patient exposed to radiation fields of arbitrary shape. For computing purposes it is convenient to represent these quantities by an equation. We have found a nine-parameter empirical function which expresses scatter-air ratio data for 60Co gamma rays and for 4- and 6-MV x rays. To test the equation it was used to calculate tissue-air ratios for a range of rectangular fields. The results are in good agreement with published values. PMID- 824543 TI - LiF dosimetric studies of cavity displacement effect and reference depths for electron beams. AB - The total effects of the cavity displacement and the perturbation of the field by the cavity in thimble-chamber measurements of absorbed dose were investigated for electron beams of energy 15, 20, 30, and 39 MeV and for 60CO gamma radiation by LiF dosimeter rods of diameter 1 mm and length 6 mm. The measurements were carried out in a polystyrene phantom at recommended reference depths and at the respective electronic equilibrium depths, for cavities of varying sizes. Owing to the cavity effect, the ratio of absorbed dose of a 5-mm-diameter cavity to that of a point cavity, at the reference depth, was 1.028 for 60Co gamma radiation; this ratio varied from 1.022 at 15 MeV to 1.033 for 39-MeV electrons. Although the cavity effect is present over regions of the depth dose where dose is constant with depth, here it was less dependent on cavity size than when the cavity was positioned at ICRU depths. Both the displacement and perturbation of the radiation field effects are automatically corrected through the experimental arrangement in this work. PMID- 824545 TI - Report on Equine Infectious Anemia Conference. PMID- 824544 TI - [Long-term treatment with medroxyprogesterone in 4 children with true precocious puberty]. PMID- 824546 TI - Synthesis of RNA and protein in a mutant of Bacillus subtilis temperature sensitive during spore germination. AB - Bacillus subtilis strain PB 2427 temperature sensitive in the synthesis of RNA during spore germination and outgrowth has been characterized to some extent. At non permissive temperature (46 degrees C) strain PB 2427 synthesizes stable and unstable RNA for 50 min from the beginning of germination and then stops. Most of the stable RNA is degraded to shorter molecules but can be identified as ribosomal RNA by hybridization-competition experiments. At non permissive temperature, in the presence of chloramphenicol, synthesis of RNA proceeds, though at a reduced rate, for at least 90 min. By hybridization-competition experiments it can also be shown that the RNA synthesized at 46 degrees C in the presence of chloramphenicol includes transcripts that are absent, from the RNA synthesized at 46 degrees C in the absence of drug. The RNA polymerase (holo and core) purified from vegatative cells of the mutant strain does not appear to have a greater heat-lability as compared with the enzyme purified from the parental strain. At non permissive temperature only six polypeptide chains with MW ranging from 47,000 to 78,000 daltons are synthesized by the germinating spores of the mutant. PMID- 824548 TI - [Rehabilitation of the stroke patient]. PMID- 824547 TI - The influence of chain size and molecular weight on the kinetic constants for the span glucose to polysaccharide for rabbit muscle glycogen synthase. AB - The kinetic constants for the series of glucosyl acceptors for homogeneous rabbit muscle glycogen synthase I form free of glycogen were examined. The acceptors included glucose, maltose, G3, G4, G6, two hydrolyzed amyloses, amylodextrin and seven polysaccharides including amylopectin and glycogen. S0.5 and relative Vmax were estimated in each case. From these data a two site model of the enzyme is proposed, composed of a polysaccharide binding site and a separate catalytic site, the latter composed of several subsites. PMID- 824549 TI - [Balance studies after gastrectomy, with particular reference to the risk factors for coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Balance studies in 15 patients who had undergone gastrectomy between 1957 and 1966 at the Heidelberg Surgical Hospital confirmed the suggestions in the literature that gastrectomied patients showed a reduced incidence of ischemic myocardiac diseases because of their altered living habits in relation to their age group. Consequently a gastrectomy is associated with a protective effect against the development of coronary heart disease, with underweight and hypotension having a particularly positive effect. This observation is not contradictory to the opinion that increased frequency of severe arteriosclerosis is supposed to be demonstrable in ulcer patients, because total and subtotal gastrectomies were carried out because of carcinoma. PMID- 824550 TI - [Combined ulcers of the stomach and duodenum (author's transl)]. AB - The simultaneous appearance of a gastric ulcer with a duodenal ulcer or postulcerous changes is primarily caused by a duodenal ulcer. A gastric ulcer may occur secondarily; the possible causes of this development are discussed. PMID- 824551 TI - [Indications and reliability of rectoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to 935 rectoscopies carried out from October 1973 to December 1974, the importance of this endoscopic method for the diagnosis of all anorectal conditions is drawn to the attention. In almost 10% of the patients investigated we found a tumorous change. Passing of blood from the rectum is the most frequent (43%) indication for rectoscopy. 40% of the rectal carcinomata diagnosed by rectoscopy were palpable with the finger. PMID- 824552 TI - [Sphincter surgery. Etiology and therapy of the anal fissure (author's transl)]. AB - Anal fissures belong to the autonomic diseases. A raised sympathicotonus (spasm dystrophy) is responsible for the origin, the poor healing tendency and the burning pain. This excessive effect of the sympathetic leads first to functional and later to organic disorders of the sphincter in the form of an achalasia. The empirically developed methods of operation have intervention in the autonomic nervous system in common, and only differ in the extent of this "invasion of the autonomic". Functional changes must be treated with local anesthetics or by stretching the sphincter, organic changes by sphincterotomy. PMID- 824553 TI - [Combination of physiotherapeutic exercise therapy with bencyclane in intermittent claudication (author's transl)]. AB - Earlier investigations had shown that an intensive physiotherapy program with 30 treatments in 6 weeks was the most rational therapy for intermittent claudication, but the question whether the therapeutic success could be improved by the addition of "vasoactive" substances remained open. For this reason, bencyclane was added to the basic physiotherapy in a double blind trial involving 109 ambulant patients. 91 or these were evaluated. The treatment group (n = 45) showed a greater increase in walking distance of 21.7% compared with the placebo group (n = 46). Also in the evaluation of the therapeutic success rate, the treatment group showed better results (84.4%) than the placebo group (71.7%). From this it can be concluded that the basic physiotherapy can be effectively supported with bencyclane. PMID- 824555 TI - Comparison of polymerized and unpolymerized antigen E for immunotherapy of ragweed allergy. AB - Polymerization of ragweed antigen into high-molecular-weight polymers could improve immunotherapy for ragweed pollinosis by reducing side effects while retaining immunogenicity. To study this thesis, 23 ragweed-sensitive patients were treated with either ordinary ragweed antigen E or ragweed antingen E polymerized by glutaraldehyde. Four patients received the polymerized antigen, and six controls ordinary antigen according to the standard immunotherapy schedule; two groups of three patients received either form by a "doubling-dose" schedule. Seven subjects received the polymerized antigen by a schedule in which each successive dose was tripled. Serum antigen E binding capacity (blocking antibody) increased significantly in all subjects (P less than 0.001 by Student test). Patients treated with polymerized antigen had fewer local and generalized reactions than those receiving the monomeric preparation. Polymerized ragweed antigen permits more rapid immunization of atopic persons, with fewer side effects than standard monomeric preparations. PMID- 824554 TI - [Investigation of the choleretic action of febuprol on healthy test subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The choleretic effect of 3-butoxy-1-phenoxypropanol-(2), Febuprol (INN), was examined in healthy volunteer subjects. In a dose range from 50 to 200 mg, the total bile is dose-dependent and excretion is significantly increased. The excretion of the bile constituents bile acids, bilirubin, cholesterol and phospholipids is increased proportionally with the bile secretion. The lithogenic index remains unaltered. PMID- 824556 TI - Immune cell function and recycling of purines. PMID- 824557 TI - Reduction of sexual interaction in rhesus monkeys by a vaginal action of progesterone. PMID- 824558 TI - [Background of angina pectoris pharmacotherapy]. PMID- 824559 TI - [Rotavirus as a cause of acute gastroenteritis]. PMID- 824560 TI - Some factors in radiation-induced pulmonary changes after mantle field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 824562 TI - Effects of diazepam related to social hierarchy in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 824561 TI - [Case of epidermoid cyst in lateral cerebral ventricle]. AB - The authors describe a rare case of large size epidermoid cyst in the lateral ventricle of the brain. Surgical treatment was successful. PMID- 824564 TI - Visual stimulation. PMID- 824563 TI - Neurofibromatosis and intracranial arterial occlusive disease. AB - Two cases of neurofibromatosis and intracranial arterial occlusive disease are reported. The radiographic and clinical features of these and twelve previously reported cases are reivewed. PMID- 824565 TI - General motor activity. PMID- 824566 TI - alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency and possible Hurler-Scheie genetic compound. Clinical, pathologic, and biochemical findings. AB - The enzymatic delineation of the mucopolysaccharidoses has revealed that certain syndromes, although phenotypically distinct, share the same enzymatic defect. Patients with the classic Hurler and Scheie syndromes or other phenotypic variations of these two disorders have a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase. We are reporting a patient with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency whose phenotypic abnormalities did not resemble either the Hurler or Scheie syndrome and who may have had either the Hurler-Scheie genetic compound described by McKusick or an allelic disorder. Our patient was a 25-year-old woman whose initial presentation was due to acute paranoia and who was subsequently found to have many morphologic, neurologic, radiographic, and neuropathologic findings consistent with a mucopolysaccharide disorder. To our knowledge, complete neuropathologic findings have not been previously described in this hybrid group of patients. A distinctive feature of this patient's illness is that the underlying disorder was not clinically apparent until adulthood, but presented with sever bony abnormalities of the skull and deposition of mucopolysaccharides in the meninges. PMID- 824568 TI - Phenytoin-induced ophthalmoplegia. AB - Total external ophthalmoplegia was observed in five patients consequent to the oral or intravenous administration of phenytoin. Coincident with the ophthalmoplegia, the state of consciousness varied from drowsiness to coma and the blood levels of phenytoin ranged from 36 to 55 mug per milliliter. Initially, the eyes were fixed in midposition, and oculocephalic and oculovestibular stimulation failed to evoke either horizontal or vertical eye movements. The return of vestibulo-ocular responsiveness lagged behind the return of consciousness and other reflex activity. The mechanism underlying this ophthalmoplegia may be related to the ability of phenytoin to potentiate inhibitory synapses in the vestibulo-oculomotor pathway which utilize gamma aminobutyric acid, and to increase the discharge rate of Purkinge cells which exert an inhibitory influence on the same structures. PMID- 824567 TI - Eterobarb therapy in epilepsy. AB - A group of 27 patients with various types of epilepsy were selected for a 6-month double-blind crossover study to compare the anticonvulsant effect and toxicity of eterobarb and phenobarbital. No statistically significant differences in seizure frequency were found among the 21 patients who completed the 6-month trial, but three others, in whom status epilepticus developed during the crossover from eterobarb to phenobarbital, had to be removed from the trial. The study provided some indication that when eterobarb and phenobarbital were used in high dosage with corresponding high serum barbiturate levels (over 30 mug per milliliter), eterobarb had a superior therapeutic effect. Side effects from both drugs included tiredness, sleepiness, nystagmus, and infrequently ataxia, but serious systemic toxicity did not occur. This study showed that eterobarb is a safe and potent anticonvulsant comparable in efficacy to phenobarbital, and the superior results obtained in some patients with eterobarb therapy indicate that it is an effective alternative anticonvulsant. PMID- 824569 TI - Fevers of unknown origin. PMID- 824570 TI - Rectal wounds incurred in Vietnam. PMID- 824571 TI - Atherosclerosis and the pediatrician. PMID- 824572 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 824573 TI - Immersion foot: a method for studying the effects of protracted water exposure on human skin. PMID- 824574 TI - The lethal hot water geyser: an unexpected tropical hazard. PMID- 824575 TI - Army physicians' attitudes toward military medicine. PMID- 824576 TI - The use of explosive anesthetics in civilian and federal hospitals: a survey. PMID- 824577 TI - Detection of intestinal obstruction by radionuclide scan: case report. PMID- 824578 TI - William Crawford Gorgas: military sanitarian of the Isthmian Canal. PMID- 824579 TI - Local computer techniques for 60CO teletherapy treatment planning. PMID- 824580 TI - [Experimental endometrial carcinogenesis]. PMID- 824581 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: subacute spongiform viral encephalopathy. PMID- 824582 TI - Amoxycillin in single oral dose for uncomplicated gonorrhoea. AB - One hundred and sixty-two cases of uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with 3g of amoxycillin swallowed in front of an observer. The failure rate of 2.1 percent was low, but did not reach the effectiveness of the standard gonopen probenecid regime, with which failures are a rarity. There were no side effects. It is suggested that 3g of amoxycillin be combined with 1g of probenecid as the treatment of choice, if an oral treatment regime is chosen. PMID- 824583 TI - Management of the Rh-negative gravida. PMID- 824584 TI - Physiology of transplacental diffusion. PMID- 824585 TI - Pulmonary surfactant and amniotic fluid lipids. PMID- 824586 TI - Maternal mortality in diabetes mellitus: an 18-year survey. AB - Over the past 50 years, maternal mortality for the pregnant diabetic has been reduced by half. In the period from 1957 to 1974, 24 pregnant diabetic women died in Los Angeles County. Seven deaths were directly attributed to the metabolic complications of diabetes. Fatal ketoacidosis occurred in the second and third trimesters, while hypoglycemia led to death in the first trimester or postpartum period. Of 15 patients alive at the onset of labor, 8 were delivered by cesarean section. Four of these women died from sepsis and 3 from hemorrhage. In contrast to other reports, vascular disease contributed to only 1 fatality. PMID- 824587 TI - Rh-immune globulin after amniocentesis for genetic diagnosis. AB - The procedure of amniocentesis during the second trimester of pregnancy for genetic diagnosis creates the potential for Rh sensitization secondary to fetomaternal bleeding. We have advised administration of Rh-immune globulin after such amniocentesis whenever the pregnancy may be Rh-incompatible. Of 56 patients who received Rh-immune globulin there has been only 1 case of Rh sensitization, which occurred in a patient who underwent a second amniocentesis 2 weeks after the first attempt without receiving a second dose of Rh-immune globulin. There have been no developmental problems detected to date which could be ascribed to Rh-immune globulin. PMID- 824588 TI - Puerperal sterilization. PMID- 824589 TI - Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency and of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis on oral carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The relative resistance of the oral mucosa to carcinogenic influences was studied in connection with altered fatty acid composition of the oral epithelium in the rat. The water-soluble carcinogen 4-nitrochinoline N-oxide was used. The lipid changes were induced either through essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency or through carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. Although the strongest initial reaction in the oral mucosa was seen in the EFA-deficient rats, a result considered to be due to increased permeability of the epithelium to the carcinogen, oral carcinoma did not develop earlier in the EFA-deficient group than in normal controls. The liver cirrhotic group developed clinical signs of carcinoma earliest (5.4 months) whereas in EFA-deficient and normal rats carcinoma appeared after an average of 6.0 and 6.5 months, respectively. However, as a previous study (Lekholm 1976) has shown that the fatty acid changes were less pronounced in cirrhotic than in EFA-deficient rats, it would appear that there is no clear correlation between the extent of lipid distrubance and reduced resistance of the oral epithelium to the induction of carcinoma. PMID- 824590 TI - [Case of total cryptophthalmos]. PMID- 824591 TI - Suppression of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha) anthracene-induced breast carcinoma by coumarin in the rat. AB - The effect of oral administration of coumarin on the induction of breast tumors brought about by DMBA has been studied in female Wistar rats. Coumarin given before DMBA caused a significant dose-related suppression of the incidence of adenocarcinomas, although no histologic difference was found in the tumor between untreated and coumarin-treated rats. The growth rate, size and multiplicity were also reduced and tumor occurrence was delayed. Parallel with the suppression, hepatic drug metabolizing activity was decreased and serum prolactin level increased. Coumarin given after DMBA elicited no effect on the carcinogenic potency of DMBA. In contrast to the action on mammary tumorigenesis, coumarin provided no protection against hemopoietic and adrenocortical necrosis brought about by DMBA. PMID- 824592 TI - Norrie's disease. PMID- 824593 TI - The effect of halothane anesthesia on retinal processes. PMID- 824594 TI - Evaluation of care in the emergency department. A comparison of process and outcome criteria. PMID- 824595 TI - An audit of otitis media treated in the emergency room. PMID- 824596 TI - One stage at a time. Evaluation of nursing care of the patient with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room and coronary and postcoronary care units. PMID- 824597 TI - What has audit done for nursing practice? PMID- 824598 TI - Who monitors the monitors? PMID- 824599 TI - Commentary: agenda proposal for a conference on ambulatory care quality review. PMID- 824600 TI - Is solving the methodological problems enough? Ambulatory care quality evaluation and the diffusion of innovation. PMID- 824601 TI - [Clinical experience with the new Hungarian glibenclamide product (Gilemal)]. PMID- 824602 TI - [Problems of the so-called functional spike focus in infancy]. PMID- 824603 TI - [Corneal lesions in mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 824604 TI - [Cromolyn therapy in childhood asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 824605 TI - The effect of incubation in vitro on the susceptibility of monkey erythrocytes to invasion by Plasmodium knowlesi. AB - Rhesus monkey erythrocytes when incubated in vitro under similar conditions to those used for the cultivation of Plasmodium knowlesi-infected erythrocytes in vitro, exhibit an increase both in their osmotic fragility and in the activity of their acetylthiocholinesterase. No effect was observed on the catabolism of glucose through the glycolytic pathway or through the primary dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway. The ATP content of normal monkey erythrocytes was also unchanged during incubation in vitro. These observations indicate that incubation of erythrocytes in vitro primarily causes membrane changes. Infection of normal erythrocytes by P. knowlesi was reduced markedly by preincubation in vitro at 37 degrees C for 24 and 48 h. These results suggest that the maintenance of integrity of the surface of the erythrocyte in vitro is a necessary prerequisite for an efficient culture system for the malaria parasite. PMID- 824606 TI - [Applications of bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis to hypersensitivity pneumonia by inhalation of organic antigens. Its interest in relation to the classical immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis methods (author's transl)]. AB - Bidimensional electrophoresis is of most interest for the diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In fact, this detecting method is more specific than classical immunoelectrophoresis. Thus patients showing with the classical methods precipitation lines with one or several antigens do not present everytime the corresponding clinical signs. These positive but false reactions cannot in any case appear with bidimensionnal electrophoresis. Generally, the patient showing at least two precipitation lines opposite one antigen in bidimensional electrophoresis always followed by an increase of IgG, does also present the clinical signs of the disease. PMID- 824607 TI - [Familial Pfaundler-Hurler syndrome]. PMID- 824608 TI - Rapid onset of essential fatty acid deficiency in the newborn. AB - To study the effect of fat-free alimentation on essential fatty acids (EFA), their levels in plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were measured in five sick newborns. Four patients were under 32 weeks of gestation; three were small for gestational age and one was an infant of a diabetic mother. All developed biochemical evidence of EFA deficiency during the first week of life--the smallest infant did so by the second day. Biochemical evidence of EFA deficiency included a decrease in plasma lipid arachidonic and linoleic acids, an increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic, and oleic acids and a trienoic/tetraenoic ratio of more than 0.4. Oral feeding with EFA reversed these changes. The two infants showing the most severe biochemical evidence of EFA deficiency died. Neither exchange transfusion nor multiple blood transfusions prevented or corrected the development of EFA deficiency. An alternative method for efficient and safe delivery of EFA to such infants is required. PMID- 824609 TI - Correction of essential fatty acid deficiency in newborn infants by cutaneous application of sunflower-seed oil. AB - Two newborn infants receiving long-term, fat-free parenteral nutrition developed essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. Biochemical evidence of EFA deficiency was documented in plasma, red blood cells, and adipose tissue and included a decrease in arachidonic and linoleic acids, an increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic and oleic acids and a trienoic/tetraenoic ratio of more than 0.4. Cutaneous application of sunflower-seed oil, a source rich in the essential fat linoleic acid, rapidly reversed the clinical and biochemical manifestations of deficiency in plasma. PMID- 824610 TI - Ketonic diet in the management of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Two brothers, aged 11 years 6 months and 2 years 3 months, with psychomotor and growth retardation, episodes of weakness, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and elevated levels of blood pyruvate were shown to have a deficiency in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). When they ate a diet high enough in fats to cause ketonemia but not acidosis, there was a fall in blood pyruvate levels, a decrease in the frequency and severity of the episodes of neurological deterioration, an increased rate of growth and development in the younger brother, and increased strength and endurance in the older one. The possibility of dietary treatment makes the early diagnosis of PDH deficiency more important. Determination of blood pyruvate and lactate levels following a standard glucose meal (glucose pyruvate test) appears to be the most reliable screening test for this condition. PMID- 824611 TI - Calcium-antagonists and islet function. VI. Effects of barium. AB - The modality of Ba2+-induced insulin release was investigated in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The insulinotropic action of Ba2+ was antagonized by Ca2+, Mg2+ and verapamil, and enhanced by EGTA, theophylline, glucose and cytochalasin B. Likewise the net uptake of 133Ba2+ by isolated islets was inhibited by Ca2+, Mg2+ and verapamil. Glucose increased 133Ba2+ net uptake, but only when sufficient Ba2+ had accumulated in the islets. Theophylline failed to affect 133Ba2+ net uptake. These data suggest that (i) Ba2+-induced insulin release is dependent on the accumulation of this cation in the B-cell; (ii) Ba2+ inward transport in the B-cell occurs through a verapamil-sensitive channel characterized by competition between Ba2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+; and (iii) the enhancing effect of theophylline upon insulin release could be due to an intracellular translocation of alkaline-earth cations rather than to an increase in their net uptake. The present findings also support the idea that insulin release can be triggered by the accumulation of suitable divalent cations in a critical site of the B-cell, leading to the activation of a cytochalasin B-response effector system. PMID- 824612 TI - Oxygen consumption of the isolated carotid body tissue (cat). AB - The oxygen consumption of the isolated carotid body tissue measured in microchambers (volumes 12 and 20 mul) was 0.0051 mul O2/mg wet weight-min for an average of 54 measurements at 22 +/- 1 degree C, if the calculation was based on the oxygen pressure decrease of the surrounding medium measured polarographically in the range from 120 to 50 torr. It is bound to the presence of exogenous substrate and almost completely inhibited by antimycin but not significantly altered by addition of EGTA (4-16 mM) or Ca2+ (2 mM). Measurements performed at higher oxygen pressures (300 to 100 torr) in the medium show that the oxygen consumption of isolated carotid body tissue is independent of oxygen pressure at these high oxygen pressures. The findings obtained under the above conditions argue in favor of a mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The results are discussed with regard to data obtained with needle electrodes in the perfused organ. PMID- 824613 TI - NLN faces the issues. PMID- 824614 TI - [Prolactin level in male sterility and hypogonadism]. PMID- 824615 TI - [Demeclocycline: a new treatment of water-salt retention in cirrhosis and refractory ascites]. PMID- 824616 TI - [Parodontopathy revealing insulin-dependant diabetes]. PMID- 824617 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, pseudo-hodgkinian adenopathy and Waldenstrom disease during rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 824619 TI - [Current therapeutic approach to malleolar fractures. 5 questions apropos of their surgical treatment]. PMID- 824618 TI - [Chondro-osteoplastic tracheobronchopathy. Association with monoclonal gammapathy]. PMID- 824620 TI - [Immunization against synthetic LHRH used therapeutically in prolonged administration]. PMID- 824621 TI - [Treatment of diabetic keto-acidosis through continuous insulin infusion]. AB - Presented are results obtained with a continuous intravenous infusion of regular insulin in 13 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis. A bolus of 10 units of insulin followed by an average of 15 units delivered via an infusion pomp induce an immediate and regular decrease of blood glucose levels (1.63 +/- 0.15 g/h). A large quantity of glucose (25 g per hour) shortens duration of ketosis (7.0 +/- 1.2 h). PMID- 824622 TI - [Myelomatous G-kappa immunoglobulin with antistreptolysin O activity]. AB - A new case of myeloma with antistreptolysin O activity is described. The myeloma protein is Kappa IgG. By precipitation of this myeloma IgG with anti-Kappa antiserum, the antistreptolysin O activity is completely inhibited. For the antibody activities of the myeloma protein described in the litterature, the antistreptolysin O activity is the most frequently found. With this 19th case the authors discuss the fundamental problems of the antibody activities of myeloma protein. PMID- 824623 TI - [Paget's disease and monoclonal IgM kappa dysglobulinemia]. PMID- 824624 TI - Scan analysis in myocardial infarction. AB - Myocardial scans with 99mTc-labelled phosphates are reported to be useful in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. A retrospective survey of 205 patients referred for 99mTc-phosphate bone scanning and with no evidence of recent heart disease revealed an occurrence of 10% of false positive images, that is to say, uptake of phosphate in non-infarcted myocardium. These striking findings stress the need for critical assessment of the usefulness of this diagnostic technique. PMID- 824626 TI - A patient with seizures. PMID- 824625 TI - Evolution of autonomy in idiopathic non-toxic goiter, evaluated by regional suppressibility of 99mTc-uptake and TSH response to TRH. AB - Seventeen euthyroid patients with non-toxic goiter were studied, 7 had diffuse goiters and 10 had nodular goiters. The TSH response to TRH and the 99mTc-uptake were measured before and after T3 suppression. The uptake, measured with a gamma camera, was calculated for the whole gland and for a maximum of 6 regions within the thyroid gland. The suppressibility of 99mTc-uptake (percent change of uptake) ranged from 0 to 95%, it was significantly greater in patients with diffuse than in those with nodular goiters, and was alike in nodular and internodular tissue. The patients with diffuse goiter were significantly younger than those with nodular goiter. Abolished TSH response to TRH was seen in 2 patients with negative T3 suppression tests. In another 2 patients impaired TSH response was associated with impaired suppressibility. In 13 patients with normal TRH tests, the suppression of uptake was normal in 8 and subnormal in 5. The results suggest that nodularity and functional autonomy may develop in non-toxic goiters. In some of these goiters the mass of autonomous tissue may be large enough to cause negative TRH tests, probably indicating hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, although not necessarily above the normal range. PMID- 824627 TI - Patenteral nutrition-1. Theoretical aspects. PMID- 824628 TI - Patenteral nutrition-2. The nurse's role. PMID- 824629 TI - Stimulation of the long-stay and psychogeriatric patient. PMID- 824630 TI - [Intal in the treatment of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 824631 TI - [Artificial feeding of severely burned patients using a naso-gastric tube with mechanical assistance of a semi-automatic pump]. PMID- 824632 TI - [Acquired gastric diverticula found in the course of radiological examination as a sign of coexisting peptic ulcer or gastric neoplasms]. PMID- 824633 TI - Diverticula of the vermiform appendix: a report of nine cases. AB - The incidence, clinical features and pathology of nine cases of diverticula of the appendix in Malaysians are reported. The findings are discussed and compared with those previously reported. The pathogenesis of the lesion in eight cases is unknown. The rare association of lumenal obstruction by a carcinoid tumour and diverticulum formation in the appendix is seen in one case. PMID- 824634 TI - Carcinoid tumour of the ampulla of Vater associated with cutaneous neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of carcinoid tumour of Vater's ampulla is described from a patient with widespread cutaneous neurofibromatosis. The literature concerning the few known cases of carcinoids occurring at this site is briefly reviewed and the presentation, prognosis and treatment discussed, together with the possible significance of such a clinical association. PMID- 824635 TI - Do we need B.C.G. vaccination? PMID- 824636 TI - Prospects for new vaccines. PMID- 824638 TI - The wheezy child. PMID- 824637 TI - [Gram-negative bacterial lung diseases in an internal medicine department]. AB - In a department of internal medicine in Paris, the pneumonopathies with Gram negative "wild" bacilli represent about the third of recognized bacterial pneumonopathies. If started before the results of bacterial tests are known, the treatment should always include a drug active on Gram negative bacteria. Together with KLASTERSKY (1972) we think that synergic associations including the use of Gentamicin are the most effective. Once the responsible germ isolated and its sensitivity to antibiotics determined, therapy can be modified accordingly. With an appropriate antibiotic and by treating an unfavourable background and the initial localization, prognosis is favourable in most cases. This contrasts with the heavy mortality of pulmonary infections with Gram negative bacilli pertaining to hospital. PMID- 824639 TI - Abdominal pain in childhood. PMID- 824640 TI - Obstetrics. PMID- 824641 TI - [Experience with an antihypertensive in general practice (group study with brinerdin)]. PMID- 824642 TI - [The cost of disease and geriatric care]. PMID- 824643 TI - [The diverticula of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 824644 TI - [Relationship between aflatoxin formation in wheat grain and self-heating and changes in the chemical composition of grain during the growth of "storage molds"]. AB - The microbial composition of grain harvested in a wet (1973) and dry (1972) season was investigated. The largest amount of strains of Aspergillus flavus--the main producer of aflatoxins-was found in the surface layer of the heap of self heating grain. The content of toxigenic strains of A. flavus in the grain harvested during the two seasons was stable amounting to 6.8%. Aflatoxins were detected in 17.4% samples of self-heating grain. Self-heating was followed by an accumulation of aflatoxins and deterioration of biochemical and baking properties of grain. PMID- 824645 TI - [Immunotherapy of tuberculosis (literature review)]. PMID- 824646 TI - Collagen biosynthesis in the dental pulp in vitro. A biochemical study in rabbit, rat and man with emphasis on the topical effects of glucocorticoids and tetracyclines. PMID- 824647 TI - Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes coding for variable and constant regions. AB - A high-molecular-weight DNA from Balb/c mouse early embryo or from MOPC 321 plasmacytoma (a k-chain producer) was digested to completion with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H restriction enzyme (BamH I). The resulting DNA fragments were fractionated according to size in preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA fragments carrying gene sequences coding for the variable or constant region of k chains were detected by hybridization with purified, 125I labeled, whole MOPC 321 K MRNA and with its 3'-end half. The pattern of hybridization was completely different in the genomes of embryo cells and of the plasmacytoma. The pattern of embryo DNA showed two components, one of which (molecular weight=6.0 million) hybridized with C-gene sequences and the other (molecular weight=3.9 million) with V-gene sequences. The pattern of the tumor DNA showed a single component that hybridized with both V-gene and C-gene sequences and that is smaller (molecular weight=2.4 million) than either of the components in embryo DNA. The results were interpreted to mean that the Vk and Ck genes, which are some distance away from each other in the embryo cells, are joined to form a contiguous polynucleotide stretch during differentiation of lymphocytes. Such joining occurs in both of the homologous chromosomes. Relevance of these findings with respect to models for V-C gene joining, activation of a specific V k gene, and allelic exclusion in immunoglobulin gene loci is discussed. PMID- 824649 TI - Injuries, infections and intercurrent illness at depth. PMID- 824648 TI - Aryl 4-monooxygenase and cytochrome P-450 in the aorta: possible role in atherosclerosis. AB - Aryl 4-monooxygenase [aniline, reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (4 hydroxylating); EC 1.14.14.1] activity was searched for and found in homogenates of aorta walls from rabbits, rhesus monkeys, and humans. Specific activities were comparable to activities observed in several other extrahepatic tissues of rabbits and monkeys and in epidermal tissues from mice, but were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in corresponding preparations of hepatic tissues. Cytochrome P-450 also could be detected in low concentrations in microsomal fractions of aortic wall homogenates. The monooxygenase activity found in the aorta could play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans by catalyzing the conversion of environmental promutagens to mutagenic initiators and/or cytotoxic factors, thus leading to development of benign, smooth muscle tumors of the inner lining of artery walls. PMID- 824650 TI - Treatment of early stage II carcinoma of the cervix by radium. PMID- 824651 TI - Diagnosis of enteritis virus. PMID- 824652 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone: antagonism of pentobarbital narcosis in the monkey. AB - The effect of TRH on pentobarbital narcosis in 21 rhesus monkeys was examined. Vital signs monitored included respiration rate, heart rate, temperature, sleeping time,and time of reappearance of certain reflexes. Blood samples were obtained for pentobarbital assay. Two dose schedules for TRH administration were used. One group of 6 animals received a single dose of 20 mg/kg 30 min after barbiturate administration, while the other group were received 3 injections of 20 mg/kg spaced at 30, 40 and 50 min after injection of pentobarbital. Both groups were sex balanced. TRH administration resulted in dramatically increased respiration and heart rates and arrested the progress of barbiturate induced hypothermia. The extended dose schedule prolonged increased respiration rate and a differential effect of TRH on pentobarbital induced hypothermia across sexes was observed. All animals regained reflexes sooner and sleeping time was reduced by 22%. No differences in pentobarbital blood levels with TRH were observed. These results extend earlier work in rodents to primates and suggest a possible use of TRH in cases of acute barbiturate intoxication. PMID- 824654 TI - The biology of growth hormone. PMID- 824653 TI - Drugs acting on hemoglobin and the oxygen transport system. PMID- 824655 TI - The anthraquinone laxatives. Biological assay and its relation to chemical structure. PMID- 824656 TI - Action spectrum and electrophysiological responses correlated with the photophobic response of Stentor coeruleus. PMID- 824657 TI - Distortions in amphibian development induced by ultraviolet-B enhancement (290 315 NM) of a simulated solar spectrum. PMID- 824658 TI - Near-UV effects of 5,7-dimethoxycourmain in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 824659 TI - NIH peer review favoritism: lavish financial support for questionable old concept of mammalian melanogenesis; absence of support for work based on new concept. PMID- 824660 TI - On changes in primate pacinian corpuscles after volar pad excision and skin grafting. PMID- 824661 TI - The effects of testosterone on plasma and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) an plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities in the male rhesus monkey. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in plasma and platelets were studied in male rhesus monkeys to evaluate the effects of changes in endogenous testosterone on the activity of these enzymes. High plasma testosterone concentrations attained at the end of the mating season were associated with relatively low levels of platelet MAO activity. When testosterone levels fell, platelet MAO increased significantly. Mean differences in platelet MAO activity between a group of castrated and control males were in the direction expected, with the highest MAO activity in the castrated monkeys, but these differences did not attain statistical significance. No significant mating season or castration effects were seen in plasma DBH or MAO enzyme activities. These data support the hypothesis of a link between testosterone and some monoamine systems, and possibly the monoamine-related behaviors linked to testosterone in primates. PMID- 824662 TI - The Drug Abuse Warning Network: a statistical perspective. PMID- 824663 TI - Approaches of nine Federal health agencies to patients' rights and consumer participation. An overview of responses of agency representatives to an interview survey. PMID- 824664 TI - Consumer action in health care. PMID- 824665 TI - New and traditional sources of care evaluated by recently pregnant women. Use of a model for consumer evaluation of health care services in a study by the Center of Health Care Research of Meharry Medical College. PMID- 824666 TI - Geographic variations in infant mortality. PMID- 824667 TI - Gastroenteritis on a cruise ship--a recurring problem--. PMID- 824668 TI - Male contraception without prescription. A reevaluation of the condom and coitus interruptus. PMID- 824669 TI - The neighborhood health center as a mental health diagnostic service. PMID- 824670 TI - Nontraditional graduate training for administrators of neighborhood health centers. AB - Because of the shortage of qualified health care administrators who are members of minority groups, many neighborhood health centers, organized as a result of the Great Society legislation of the 1960's, suffered from their staffs' lack of administrative skills and from rapid turnover as staff members gained experience and moved upward to other jobs. To rectify this shortage, the National Association of Neighborhood Health Centers was funded to offer master's degree programs at the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California. These on job/on campus programs, which began in 1972, allowed participants to work and study concurrently. At Michigan, students attended class 8 hours a day, 4 days a month, for 2 years. At U.S.C., they attended classes for 14 consecutive days 3 times a year for 2 years. Since the usual admission requirements of established graduate programs limit access of minority students, who frequently lack adequate educational backgrounds, admission criteria were modified for the 56 persons enrolled in the program. For example, the Graduate Record Examination scores were not considered in the program at Michgan. Findings in an independent evaluation conducted in 1974 indicated that the programs at both universities were successful in providing graduate education relevant to the special needs of the staffs of neighborhood health centers. Only four students were dropped for academic reasons. More special programs in health administration are needed in both graduate and undergraduate schools to train people in the effective administration of health care centers, particularly those serving communities of disadvantaged persons. PMID- 824671 TI - Baccalaureate training in health planning and administration. A progress report. PMID- 824673 TI - Schistosome dermatitis in Pennsylvania. PMID- 824672 TI - Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians. AB - An analysis of 219 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians during a 5-year period, July 1, 1968, through June 30, 1973, revealed that 56 percent were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, 26 percent by Neisseria meningitidis, 6 percent by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6 percent by other organisms. The annual incidence of H. influenzae meningitis (17.7 per 100,000 persons) and that of pneumococcal meningitis (8.0 per 100,000) were much higher than the rates for these diseases reported from other population groups. The annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis (2.0 per 100,000) was similar to that found elsewhere. There was an ususual concentration of cases during the first year of life; 78 percent of H. influenzae, 64 percent of pneumococcal, and 50 percent of meningococcal meningitis occurred during this time. However, bacterial meningitis during the first month of life was not frequent (0.29 per 1,000 live births). Case fatality rates were similar to those reported for other population groups. PMID- 824674 TI - An analysis of the processing of patients in a rural medical care delivery system. AB - A study of the processing of patients at the rural clinic of a medical care delivery system was done to describe quantitatively the movement of patients from their arrival to their departure. The data collected provided a statistical summary of the sequence and duration of observed events in the medical care process as they related to the patients. An analysis of 485 patients visits that were observed on 60 random days during a 12-month period showed that patient arrival rates were generally higher during the morning. The average visit lasted 74 minutes; 94 percent of this time was spent in the waiting and examination rooms. The period that that the patient spent unattended by clinic personnel represented three-fourths of the average patient's total time in the delivery system. Data analysis indicated that if patients were admitted to an unoccupied examination room as soon as possible after their arrival and if standing orders for the family nurse practitioner were expanded, a significant reduction would occur in the average patient's unattended visit time. PMID- 824676 TI - Nursing--a cost-benefit analysis. PMID- 824675 TI - Radiation sensitization of bacterial spores by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). PMID- 824677 TI - [Clinical importance of radiography in the diagnosis of soft-tissue tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 824678 TI - [On intramural oesophagus diverticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 824679 TI - Calcification and ossification within the orbit. AB - The radiological diagnosis of orbital lesions can be aided by an understanding of the significance of the various kinds of calcium deposits. Orbital calcification may be metastatic or dystrophic, with ossification occurring in degenerated eye tissue in the presence of an abundant blood supply. It is the dystrophic type which is usually visualized radiographically. Intraorbital calcification had been categorized according to its configuration and location (a) ocular; (b) extraocular; and (c) extraorbital extending into the orbit on frontal radiographs. Lesions discussed include cataract, phthisis bulbi, vascular abnormalities, infection, and tumor. PMID- 824680 TI - Local control of breast cancer with tumorectomy plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. AB - 58 cases of breast cancer treated primarily by radiotherapy were evaluated to determine the optimum dose for local control. Of 36 patients with T1 + T2 lesions who had tumorectomy prior to radiotherapy, incomplete excision of tumor was demonstrated on microscopic examination in 18. The minimum tumor dose to the breast was 4,500 rads in 5 weeks. Treatment failed to control local tumor in only 2 (5%) and metastases in 1.26 (72%) remained disease-free for 2 to 9 years. Of the 22 patients with T3 + T4 lesions, treatment failed to control both local tumor and metastases in 12 (54%); in those who received 6,000 rads or less in 6 weeks, treatment failed to control any of these lesions. 4,500-5,500 rads controlled the tumor in 95% of those with NO + N1 disease, compared to only half of those with N2 + N3 tumors. PMID- 824681 TI - A condition simulating lymphoma, associated with sporozoan infection in cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). PMID- 824682 TI - Distribution of chemical carcinogens in aquatic environments. PMID- 824683 TI - A genetic concept of the origin of cancer, based in part upon studies of neoplasms in fishes. PMID- 824684 TI - Taxonomy of viruses, 1976. PMID- 824685 TI - Arterial walls are protected against deposition of platelet thrombi by a substance (prostaglandin X) which they make from prostaglandin endoperoxides. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxides (PGG2 and PGH2) contract arterial smooth muscle and cause platelet aggregation. Microsomes from pig aorta, pig mesenteric arteries, rabbit aorta and rat stomach fundus enzymically transform PG endoperoxides to an unstable product (PGX) which relaxes arterial strips and prevents platelet aggregation. Microsomes from rat stomach corpus, rat liver, rabbit lungs, rabbit spleen, rabbit brain, rabbit kidney medulla, ram seminal vesicles as well as particulate fractions of rat skin homogenates transform PG endoperoxides to PGE- and PGF- rather than to PGX-like activity. PGX differs from the products of enzymic transformation of prostaglandin endoperoxides so far identified, including PGE2, F2alpha, D2, thromboxane A2 and their metabolites. PGX is less active in contracting rat fundic strip, chick rectum, guinea pig ileum and guinea pig trachea than are PGG2 and PGH2. PGX does not contract the rat colon. PGX is unstable in aqueous solution and its antiaggregating activity disappears within 0.25 min on boiling or within 10 min at 37degrees C. As an inhibitor of human platelet aggregation induced in vitro by arachidonic acid PGX was 30 times more potent than PGE1. The enzymic formation of PGX is inhibited by 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid (IC50 = 0.48 mug/ml), by spontaneously oxidised arachidonic acid (IC 50 less than 100 mug/ml) and by tranylcypromine (IC50 = 160 mug/ml). We conclude that a balance between formation by arterial walls of PGX which prevents platelet aggregation and release by blood platelets of prostaglandin endoperoxides which induce aggregation is of the utmost importance for the control of thrombus formation in vessels. PMID- 824686 TI - A lipid peroxide inhibits the enzyme in blood vessel microsomes that generates from prostaglandin endoperoxides the substance (prostaglandin X) which prevents platelet aggregation. AB - Microsomal fractions from arterial walls of pigs and rabbits and fundus of rat stomach generate from prostaglandin endoperoxides (PGG2 or H2) an unstable substance, prostaglandin X (PGX) which is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by several different substances. Other microsomal fractions including corpus of stomach, lung and ram seminal vesicles generate smaller amounts of PGX from PGG2 or PGH2. Incubation of microsomes from arterial wall or fundus of stomach with platelet-rich plasma under various conditions shows that the enzyme which generates PGX can utilize endoperoxides liberated from platelets or added to the cuvette, thereby preventing, interrupting or reversing the process of platelet aggregation. The generation of PGX is strongly inhibited (IC50 0.43 mug/ml) by 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid. These observations are important in the interpretation of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis and provide a rational basis for the use of anti-oxidants in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. PMID- 824688 TI - [Results of Intal treatment of bronchial asthma(author's transl)]. PMID- 824687 TI - The effect of anti-inflammatory agents on human synovial fibroblast prostaglandin synthetase. AB - Human synovial fibroblast prostaglandin synthetase activity is inhibited by many different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Aspirin, indomethacin and phenylbutazone significantly inhibit both PGE1, PGE2 and PGF1alpha and PGF2alpha synthesis; whereas penicillamine and aurothioglucose are more potent inhibitors of the F prostaglandins. Histidine and antimalarials do not inhibit, to a significant degree, human synovial prostaglandin synthetase activity. Hydrocortisone has no direct effect on prostaglandin synthetase activity. No changes in synthetase activity are observed when synovial cells are incubated with hydrocortisone, and the prostaglandin synthetase system subsequently isolated and assayed. The proposed inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone on prostaglandin production by synovium may be the resulf of an alteration of enzyme substrate or cofactor concentration rather than a direct effect on prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 824690 TI - [Decreased incidence of cardiopathic Chagas' disease in the Hospital das Clinicas de Ribeirao Preto during 1960 - 1970]. PMID- 824689 TI - [Metabolism of a psychrophilic bacterium from fresh water]. AB - Psychophilic microorganisms, able to grow at 0-1 degrees C, were isolated from water obtained from the Parana River at Rosario. One of the strains, R-12, was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens according to the description in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th Ed., 1974). The microorganism was able to grow in liquid minimal medium with glucose, acetate, glutamate or casein hydrolysate as sole carbon source, at 20 degrees C. The enzymes of the Entner Doudoroff pathway were induced in cells grown on glucose. The Krebs cycle was apparently operative in all cases; the lower levels of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were found in glucose-grown cells. Isocitrate lyase was present at a high concentration, and malate synthase considerably increased, in acetate-grown cells, thus suggesting the operation of the glyoxylate cycle. When cells were grown on glucose the anaplerotic function was probably fulfilled by pyruvate carboxylase, although phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was also present. The gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was repressed by glucose; malic enzyme was repressed by acetate. The regulatory patterns shown by citrate synthase and pyruvate carboxylase were similar to those described for the enzymes from other Pseudomonas. Whole cells of the R-12 strain were able to decarboxylate the aminoacids serine, aspartate and glutamate. Aspartate aminotransferase was present at high levels in aminoacid-grown cells, thus suggesting a catabolic role, whereas glutamate dehydrogenase had increased levels in glucose - or acetate-grown cells, suggesting that it fulfilled a mainly biosynthetic role. PMID- 824691 TI - [Clinical experiences with the use of phenoxymethylpenicillin in dentistry]. PMID- 824694 TI - [Microbiological assay of some phenothiazine derivatives using different strains of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - This paper deals with the microbiological assay of chloropromazine, levomepromazine and promethazine, whose bacteriostatic power was measured in the diffusion test against four different strains of Bacillus subtilis. The four strains proved to be equally sensitive to solutions of phenothiazine derivatives containing more than 0.5 mg/ml. There was no difference between the four strains as referred to the median percentual error in the chlorpromazine determination. The median percentual error has been very high (around 20%) in the levomepromazine determination using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9945. When promethazine was used against the four strains of Bacillus subtilis a very high percentual error (around 20%) has been obtained, therefore, they are not recommended for the promethazine determination. PMID- 824693 TI - Neurohistologic observations of the Cebus apella monkeys soft palate mucosa. AB - A neurohistological observation was done in the solf palate mucosa of the Cebus apella monkey. Six mucosa were employed and were removed after perfusion of each animal, with 10% formalin solution, through the external carotid artery of the right side. The mucosa was removed together with the muscular layer and salivary glands. The histologic analysis was performed and therefore the pieces were prepared by the "De Castro" technic of silver impregnation. The material was embedded in the vertical sense to allow frontal sections with the thickness of 8 micra. Our findings allow the following conclusions: a) the mucosa innervation of the soft palate is essencially done by the branches of the lesser palatine nerve; b) the free nerve endings of the soft palate mucosa have a great variation in the form and size and are abundant; c) the superficial fibres are related to the general sensibility and the deepest are directly connected to the innervation of the salivary glands. PMID- 824695 TI - Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using lipopolysaccharide antisera and formalinized antigens. PMID- 824692 TI - Reactions of the gingiva to dental materials. AB - Dental materials may alter the health of the gingiva in different ways. In the etiology of periodontal disease dental materials are one factor only among several others. Today, excellent methods are available for the biologic evaluation of materials and it should no longer be possible to sell and introduce entirely new materials without any preclinical biologic testing. Financial gain cannot be an excuse for the exposure of man to the possible toxic, allergenic and even tumorigenic risks. Restorations with subgingival margins should be avoided and if they have to be done, amalgam, phosphate, silico-phosphate, silicate, resin, cold curing resin and pyroplast should not be used. PMID- 824696 TI - [Heavy chain disease]. PMID- 824697 TI - [Purification of purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity on deoxyinosine (author's transl)]. AB - Purified preparations of pigeon liver PNPase (E.C. 2.4.2.1) have been obtained by acid preparation of liver homogenates at pH = 5,followed by a fractionation with ammonium sulphate (25-50% saturation) and by a chromatographic adsorption on DEAE cellulose. The preparation obtained shows a PNPase specific activity 325 times greater than that of the original homogenates. Kinetic studies carried out with homogenates and purified preparations of pigeon liver PNPase seem to suggest that inosine and deoxynosine react on the same catalytic site of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 824698 TI - [Purine metabolites in the activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (author's transl)]. AB - In the phosphorolytic degradation catalyzed by chicken liver PNPase (E.C. 2.4.2.1) inosine appears to behave as a better substrate than xanthosine. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, guanine and purine (1 X 10(-1)M) appear to be inhibitors of the pigeon liver PNPase, whereas allopurinol, ATP, ITP, CTP and UTP (1. X 10( 3) M) do not inhibit the enzyme. Both PNPase activities exhibit the same optimum temperature (37-40 degrees C). Chicken liver PNPase optimum pH is in the range 6.5-7, whereas that of pigeon liver is in the range 7-7.5. Lineweaver-Burk plots for the inosine phosphorolysis catalyzed by chicken liver PNPase yielded straight lines if substrate concentrations were lower than 1 X 10(-4) M but concave downward curves at higher concentrations. This activation increases when the homogenates are stored at 4 degrees C and pH = 7 during 24 h or more; pigeon liver PNPase does not show this activation phenomenon. PMID- 824699 TI - The passage of 14C-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol into the milk of lactating squirrel monkeys. AB - Lactating squirrel monkeys chronically receiving 2 mg/kg delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) orally either two or five times weekly were given a tracer dose of 14C-delta-9-THC mixed with the delta-9-THC. This permitted radioquantitation of the THC in milk specimens collected 1 to 24 hr after administration of the labeled dose. Correlated specimens of urine and feces were also collected individually from mothers and infants and were subjected to radioquantitation and exploratory TLC. During the 24-hr observation period, approximately 0.2% of the labeled delta-9-THC appeared in the milk, whereas 42% and 1% were excreted in the feces and urine, respectively. Infants that suckled during the 6 hr immediately after their mothers were administered the labeled compound excreted an average of 0.01% and 0.12% of the mother's dose in the urine and feces, respectively, during the 18 hr after suckling. PMID- 824700 TI - [Application of vasodilators for acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 824701 TI - [Dysostosis enchondralis polyepiphysaria in 2 pairs of sisters from different families]. PMID- 824702 TI - [Role of parenteral hyperalimentation in the treatment of intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 824704 TI - [Syndrome of essential fatty acid deficiency in parenteral feeding. Report of 2 cases in adults with characteristic clinical symptoms]. PMID- 824703 TI - [A further case of albumin auto-agglutination in a blood donor]. AB - A blood donor is described whose serum contains an albumin active agglutinin reacting with autologous as well as normal donors red cells. Natrium caprylate present in some commercial albumin preparations is show to be co-responsible for this unusual reaction which cause difficulties or errors in Rh grouping. PMID- 824705 TI - [Determination of soft grain in flour and food pastes by electrophoretic and immunological methods]. PMID- 824707 TI - [Cicatricial bone (author's transl)]. AB - Critical comments were presented in regard to the etiology, frequency, symptomatology and radiological findings in cicatricial bone. PMID- 824706 TI - [Effect of chlorophene on aqueous organisms and chemical characteristics of changes in aqueous medium caused by this substance]. PMID- 824708 TI - [Contribution to the evaluation of long-term anticoagulation treatment in patients after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 824709 TI - Polymeric forms of free light chains in serum from normal individuals and from patients with renal diseases. AB - The polymeric forms of free light chains from the immunoglobulins have been estimated in serum from 10 healthy individuals and from 10 anephric patients. Light chains were also estimated in serum and urine from 29 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. The measurements were carried out by a radioimmunoassay. The mean concentrations of light chains in normal serum were found to be 4.9 mg/l for dimeric forms of kappa chains, 5.6 mg/l for monomeric forms of kappa chains, 5.1 mg/l for dimeric forms of lambda chains, and 2.7 mg/l for monomeric forms of lambda chains. The concentration of light chains in anephric man was increased to 5 times the normal level. The concentration of the different forms was 26.7 mg/l for dimeric forms of kappa chains, 29.6 mg/l for monomeric forms of kappa chains, 32.6 mg/l for dimeric forms of lambda chains, and 5.8 mg/l for monomeric forms of lambda chains. A minor amount of tetrameric forms of kappa chains was found. Gel filtration showed that a majority of the kappa chains in normal and anephric serum existed as monomers and non-covalently linked dimers, whereas the lambda chains mainly existed as stable, covalently linked dimers. In renal disease the serum concentration of light chains was found closely correlated to creatinine clearance. The 24-h urinary excretion of light chains was generally increased when the GFR was diminished regardless of the type of renal disease. PMID- 824710 TI - Effect of composite resin restorations in monkeys teeth with experimentally induced pulpitis. AB - The short- and long-term pulpal reactions to composite resin restorations using differenct cavity lining materials have been assessed in monkey teeth with experimentally induced pulpitis. The inflammation was induced by filling cavities with soft human carious dentin and amalgam for 1 week. Healing of the inflammation and formation of reparative dentin was generally found independent of the lining materials used. The long-term response to cavities restored with carious dentin and amalgam was also healing of the primarily induced pulpal inflammation in most instances. PMID- 824711 TI - Morphological changes in the small intestine following jejuno-ileal shunt in parenterally fed rats. AB - In order to study the importance of the presence of food in the intestinal lumen during the process of adaptation occurring after diminished absorptive surface, four groups of rats were operated upon. In two experimental groups a jejuno-ileal bypass was created, which excluded about 85% of the small intestine. The two control groups underwent laparotomy and suture-marking of the intestine. One experimental and one control group received standard oral nutrition. The other two groups were solely nourished by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Two weeks after operation the animals were sacrificed; intestinal wet and dry weight per 3 cm and villus height were determined from five small intestinal segments. The functioning part of the small intestine of the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN groups as compared with the sham operated controls with the corresponding nutrition. The hypertrophy comprised significant changes of wet and dry weight and villus height. These values were, however, more increased in the orally fed animals, expressed in absolute figures. The percentual increase of villus height was greater in the TPN animals. The experiments demonstrated that rats with adequate parenteral nutrition two weeks after 85% small intestinal bypass operation develop hypertrophic changes of the intestinal mucosa. This indicates the existence of a non-food-dependent mechanism in the development of adaptive mucosa changes, nevertheless the presence of food seems to stimulate quantitatively higher changes. The presence of food is also of importance for maintaining the intestinal mass. PMID- 824712 TI - Mu heavy-chain disease--a defect in immunoglobulin assembly. Structural studies of the kappa chain. AB - Mu-chain protein GLI is a pentameric molecule with an amino-terminal deletion comprising 130 residues. The half-cysteine residue (position 140) which forms the H-L disulfide bridge in normal IgM is present. Instead of being joined to the L chain, it presumably exists as an additional inter-H-H disulfide bridge. The kappa Bence Jones protein is of normal size and present in two forms: as monomers and dimers. The carboxy-terminal half-cysteine of the monomer is bound to cysteine. Possible reasons for failure of assembly between mu and L chains are briefly discussed. PMID- 824714 TI - Reassembly of immunoglobulin M heavy and light chains in vitro. AB - Reduced and alkylated monoclonal IgM was fractionated into mu and light (L) chains by gel chromatography in 1N acetic acid. Equimolar mixtures of the chains formed a noncovalently bonded structure in 0.01M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.1, that had the properties of a half subunit. The latter reassociated into a subunit like structure after transfer into 0.08M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5. The similarity of the reconstituted IgM subunit (IgMs) to that of the native molecule was established by its physicochemical and immunochemical properties. Comparable products were obtained on reassembly of the alkylated mu and L chains from several other monoclonal IgM. The presence of active binding sites for IgG on subunits reconstituted from the chains of proteins with anti-IgG activity further indicated correct assembly of the mu and L chains. High yields of subunit-like products were also obtained by assembly of mu chains from one protein and L chains from another. Evidence was obtained that L chains of appropriate specificity can substitute for the homologous chain in the formation of the active site. Heterogeneous mixtures of high molecular weight products were generated from mu and L chains that were not alkylated. Reduction and alkylation demonstrated that the products represented polymers of reconstituted IgMs. Significant levels of anti-IgG activity were detected in the polymeric IgM generated from the chains of active proteins by precipitation with aggregated IgG. PMID- 824713 TI - Kappa chain (V kappa III) subgroup-related activity in an idiotypic anti-cold agglutinin serum. AB - In a search for H- or L-chain-related cross-idiotypic specificity among human anti-I and anti-i cold agglutinins, two idiotypic antisera raised against the IgMkappa cold agglutinin Da were tested for their binding activity to isolated cold agglutinin H and L chains. Negligible H-chain binding activity was found, but there was high-titre L-chain binding activity in one of the antisera. This was an unsuspected VkappaIII subgroup activity which enabled the classification of VkappaIII proteins into three subgroups. The kappa chains of five out of six anti-I and anti-i cold agglutinins belonged to the antigenically most active VkappaIII subgroup. Absorption of the idiotypic antiserum with a Bence Jones protein of this latter subgroup did not appreciably alter the precipitating cross idiotypic activity of the antiserum when tested with intect cold agglutinins. However, these studies do not rule out the possible existence of a VkappaIII subgroup-associated conformational antigen in an intact Fab region, which is seen as a 'cross idiotypic' antigen by heterologous (rabbit anti-human) antisera. PMID- 824715 TI - Naturally occurring polymers of IgA lacking J chain. AB - Two of twenty IgA myeloma proteins studied were found to lack J chain. Both IgA proteins contained dimers and higher polymers (trimers, tetramers, pentamers) in proportions similar to those found in most classical 'J-positive' proteins. Both the 'J-negative' proteins contained bound albumin and alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha1AT),and reduction with mercaptoethylamine caused a release of albumin and alpha1AT concomitant with depolymerization of the higher polymers of IgA. These proteins formed complexes with secretory component (SC) in vitro, indicating that the presence of J chain is not a requirement for SC binding. PMID- 824716 TI - Circular dichroism of hapten--antibody complexes: characterization of the combining sites of native and reformed MOPC-315 protein, its isolated subunits, and its Fv fragment. AB - Extrinsic Cotton effects generated by binding haptens to native and reformed MOPC 315 protein, its subunits, and its Fv fragment have been examined. The identity of the combining sites of native and reassociated proteins and Fv-315 was demonstrated by the identity of their circular dichroism (CD) difference spectra. The spectrum of TNP-aminocaproate complexed with L chains differed in maxima and minima and cross-over points and lacked the 495-nm CD peak of TNP-aminocaproate MOPC-315 protein and Nalpha-TNP-tryptophan spectra. A negative 293-nm tryptophanyl CD band, present in spectra of MOPC-315 protins and Fv-315 but absent from spectra of L and H chains, was blue-shifted by haptens and may represent electronic interactions occurring within the MOPC-315 combining site between tryptophanyl and chromophoric residues of different subunits. This conclusion is supported by molecular models of the MOPC-315 combining site. PMID- 824717 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the variable domains of two human IgM anti-gamma globulins (Lay/Pom) with shared idiotypic specificities. AB - On the basis of extensive shared idiotypic specificities, two human IgM anti gamma-globulins (Lay/Pom) were selected for complete amino acid sequence analysis of their variable domains. Previous studies on the variable regions of the heavy chains of these proteins had shown but eight amino acid differences, only one of which was within a complementarity-determining hypervariable region. The complete amino acid sequence of the variable regions of the light chains of these two proteins is the subject of this report. Protein Lay is a typical VchiI protein with only five 'framework' differences when compared with protein Roy. Protein Pom is best classified as a VchiII, but in the 'framework' there are 16 differences between it and protein Ti. Although there are extensive differences in the first hypervariable region, the second and third light-chain hypervariable regions have an identical sequence. The finding of two identical light-chain and two identical heavy-chain hypervariable regions in these two proteins, which were selected on the basis of their combining specificities and their idiotypic cross reactions, strongly implicates hypervariable regions in the constitution of the idiotypic determinants and the antibody combining site. Additionally, the finding of identical hypervariable regions in light chains of different V-region subgroups fulfills a prediction of the gene-interaction concept of antibody variability. PMID- 824719 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and cystic fibrosis protein in blood from cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygote carriers. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood from cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes, heterozygote carriers of CF, normal healthy controls, and other patient controls with carcinomas involving gastrointestinal organs. All samples were also screened by electrofocusing for cystic fibrosis protein (CFP), a metabolic marker previously shown to be associated with the CF gene. Significantly increased levels of CEA activity were found in all CFP-positive groups; however, with one exception all patient controls with marked increases in CEA activity were CFP-negative. Immunodiffusion of perchloric acid extracts of CEA-like material from heterozygote carrier blood indicated that the CEA-like material, which was elevated in homozygotes and heterozygotes for CF, showed only partial identity with two separate CEA preparations obtained from colon carcinomas and was not identical to either A, B, or O(H) blood group substances. This glycoprotein material did, however, react with three different anti-CEA antisera. Our finding of an abnormally increased glycoprotein in cystic fibrosis, taken together with previous reports demonstrating abnormalities in the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins found in various exocrine secretions in CF, further suggests that the primary defect in this disease is manifested partly as a defect in glycoprotein metabolism. This defect may result from an abnormality in one or more of the glycosyltransferases, possibly caused by a more primary defect in polyamine metabolism. PMID- 824718 TI - Factor B of the alternative complement pathway on human lymphocytes. AB - A factor on human lymphocytes has been identified as factor B of the alternative pathway. Lymphocytes can replace factor B in the fluid phase formation of C3 convertase with cobra venom factor (CVF). This lymphocyte activity is inhibited by specific anti-human factor B, and it is shown by Burkitt lymphoma cell lines cultured in the absence of any factor B source. After the reaction with CVF all the C3-converting activity is found in the cell supernatant, and the same cells can undergo several successive cycles of 'activation' by CVF. Factor B is distinct from the C3b receptor, and its presence could not be detected antigenically on the lymphocyte membrane. It may be secreted by the cells, but the reaction was not affected by sodium azide or cytochalasin B. No detectable factor B activity was found in the culture medium of cells grown in the absence of CVF. PMID- 824720 TI - Isolation and characterization of sea star factor. AB - Sea star factor (SSF) harvested from the echinoderm Asterias forbesi celomocytes is a potent inhibitor of the primary immune response to T-dependent antigens and also suppresses concanavalin-A-induced mitogenesis. We have isolated and purified a basic protein from this source which has a molecular weight of approximately 38, 000 daltons and is responsible for these biological activities. After complete reduction, SSF was shown to be composed of a single pair of heavy and light chains. Preincubation of spleen cells with concanavalin A does not inhibit binding of SSF; however, specific binding can be inhibited by preincubation with unlabeled SSF. These data suggest that the binding site for SSF is not the same as that for concanavalin A. PMID- 824721 TI - [Paroxystic auto-prosopagnosia and epilepsy. Physio-pathological correlation or chance association?]. AB - A case of isolated, pure and paroxystic auto-prosopagnosia in a young man aged 19 years and 10 months, followed until age 21 years and 6 months, is described. He also exhibited petit-mal seizures since the age of 18 years, these two pathological manifestations being chronologically independent. Clinically, were noted a total absence of hetero-prosopagnosia, color-agnosing agnosia for objects or body scheme disorders. The ophtalmologic examination was totally normal. The psychologie study was performed with the aid of the psychodiagnostic tests of Rorschach, Fuchs, Kataguchi and with the "Symbol-Test" of Roemer, and the result obtained, as well as their psychodynamic meanings are detailed. Disappearance, at the age of 21 years and 6 months, of the auto-prosopagnosia and rarefaction of the petit-mal seizures. In a brief survey of the literature, the author underlines the indisputable scarcity of the isolated and paroxystic forms of auto prosopagnosia as well as their association with epilepsy. PMID- 824722 TI - Long-term treatment with ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical trial with special reference to side-effects. AB - The tolerance of ketoprofen (2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid) was studied in sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis during a treatment period up to seven months. The drug was well tolerated with only a few minor side-effects and showed a clear anti-rheumatie effect with a dose of 150 mg/day. This effect may equal that of 4.0 g/day of acetylsalicylic acid or even exceed that, and may be somewhat smaller than that of 600 mg/day of phenylbutazone. PMID- 824723 TI - Ketoprofen (19.583 R.P.) (2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid). Main pharmacological properties--outline of toxicological and pharmacokinetic data. AB - Ketoprofen possesses the typical pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents i.e. anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, as well as antibradykinin activity and ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Ketoprofen is as potent as indomethacin in the tests for anti inflammatory and analgesic activity, but its antipyretic and antibradykinin activities and its inhibitory activity against prostaglandin synthesis is respectively 4, 8 and 8 times greater than that of indomethacin. It seems very likely that the pituitary-adrenal axis is not involved in the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of ketoprofen, since in the carrageenan abscess test, the compound shows the same activity both in adrenalectomized and in normal rats and, when locally applied to the inflamed area, it is more active than when administered systemically. In the mouse the acute oral toxicity of ketoprofen is about one twentieth that of indomethacin. Like all powerful steroidal or non steroidal antiinflammatory agents, ketoprofen shows some gastrointestinal toxicity, but its effect is mild and distinctly less than that of indomethacin. Pharmacokinetic studies in the rat, dog and monkey have shown that gastro intestinal absorption of the drug is rapid and almost complete; the compound and its metabolites are excreted from the body fairly rapidly. PMID- 824724 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by tolfenamic acid in vitro. AB - The effect of tolfenamic acid on prostaglandin biosynthesis was investigated by using rabbit kidney medulla microsomal fraction, and the results compared with those obtained with indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. Tolfenamic acid inhibited the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 very effectively and in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values were 0.64 muM for tolfenamic acid, 0.76 muM for indomethacin, and 7 mM for acetylsalicylic acid. The inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis may be related to the good anti-inflammatory action of tolfenamic acid. PMID- 824725 TI - Comparative clinical trial with a new substance, Diftalone, versus indomethacin in 30 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - During a double-blind, randomized study on 30 patients affected with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, the efficacy and safety of treatment with diftalone in a per oral dosage of 500 mg/day were compared with those of indomethacin given orally at doses of 50-75 mg/day initially and 100 mg/day subsequently, for a treatment period of 24 months. In this long-term study, diftalone demonstrated that its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are clearly comparable to those of indomethacin. PMID- 824726 TI - [Leaded gasoline and cancer mortality]. AB - In an earlier study the authors had found that out of a total of 232 adult residents adjacent to a traffic highway, 11% died of cancer during an observation period of 12 years (the corresponding figure for a traffic-free neighborhood was 1.2%). During the same period a proportion of the residents adjacent to the highway were treated with calciumedetate for the purpose of lead elimination. Of these 47 individuals only one died of cancer, while of those who did not undergo calciumedetate treatment the number of deaths was 24, or six times more percentage-wise. This finding, together with numerous references in the literature, leads to the assumption that lead in gasoline may play a significant role in the development of cancer. PMID- 824727 TI - [Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale): benign course after kidney transplantation]. AB - A case of Fabry's disease in a 52-year-old man is reported. At the age of 45 the patient developed uremia, and nephrectomy and kidney transplantation were performed. The follow-up is described and compared to other published cases. Up to now no single therapy is known, but kidney transplantation appears to be justified. PMID- 824729 TI - Activating factor for the iron protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - As isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum, the iron protein of nitrogenase has little or no activity. It can be activated by incubating it with a trypsin sensitive, oxygen-labile component (activating factor) plus adenosine triphosphate and a divalent metal ion. After activation, the iron protein retains its nitrogenase activity when the activating factor is removed. PMID- 824728 TI - The kinetics of the combination reaction between enzyme and substrate. AB - A stochastic analysis has been made for enzyme-substrate combination reaction systems. The relationship between diffusion-encounter and effective collision has been discussed. A new equation, derived for calculating the combination rates of multiple-active-site reaction systems, will serve to provide a theoretical basis for experimentally investigating the combination activation energies of liquid phase fast reaction systems. The calculated results show that the usual method employed to estimate the combination rates of multiple-active-site reaction systems is applicable only to the large activation energy concerned, but not to the small. In the latter case, the coupling effect among active sites should not be overlooked. In this paper, the kinetic characteristics of liquid phase fast reaction systems involving conformational changes are further discussed. A new method of separation of kinetic constants has been suggested and the relationship between measuring signal and multi-barrier reaction analyzed. On such a basis, we have derived a general equation which takes into account both the effect of the diffusion-limit and the effects of conformational changes and of solvents, in an attempt to provide a kinetic basis for further investigating the whole process of enzyme-substrate combination reactions. PMID- 824730 TI - Neuronal-visceral GM1 gangliosidosis in a dog with beta-galactosidase deficiency. AB - A 9-month-old dog with a history of progressive motor dysfunction was shown to have a deficiency in brain beta-galactosidase activity. The canine disease, like that of children with GM1 gangliosidosis, is characterized by accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the brain, liver, and spleen, and membranous cytoplasmic bodies in neurons. The dog's pedigree suggests an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID- 824731 TI - Gene dose effect: regional mapping of human nuceloside phosphorylase on chromosome 14. AB - Quantitative analyses of erythrocyte nucleoside phosphorylase in four unrelated cases of partial trisomy 14 indicate that the structural gene for this enzyme maps in the chromosome region 14q11 leads to 14q21. PMID- 824733 TI - Irradiation of bacterial spores in water: three classes of oxygen-denpendent damage. AB - Studies of irradiated bacterial spores in aqueous suspension indicate that the sensitization of spores by oxygen can depend on three chemical processes. One of these processes involves reactions of hydroxyl radicals; the other two apparently do not. PMID- 824732 TI - Photoreceptor mutant of Drosophia: is protein involved in intermediate steps of phototransduction? AB - In norpA mutants of Drosophila melanogaster the phototransduction process is either partially or completely blocked. By using a temperature-sensitive allele, we have found that that norpA mutation has little or no effect on either the rhodopsin-metarhodopsin transition or the machinery of quantum bump production. Thus, the norpA lesion appears to be localized in the intermediate process of phototransduction. Because a temperature-sensitive allele of norpA has been isolated, the norpA gene probably encodes a protein involved in the process. PMID- 824734 TI - Plasma alpha amino-n-butyric acid to leucine ratio: an empirical biochemical marker of alcoholism. AB - The plasma ratio of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine was elevated in ambulatory and hospitalized alcoholics as well as in baboons fed alcohol along with an adequate diet. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between this ratio and the degree of alcoholism assessed by three separate medical and psychological criteria in patients maintained on methadone. PMID- 824735 TI - Primate flicker sensitivity: psychophysics and electrophysiology. AB - A quantitative comparison is made between the psychophysical flicker response of man and similar data obtained electrophysiologically from the cones of macaque monkeys. When the psychophysical data are obtained from an eye that is strongly light-adapted, there is excellent agreement between the two sets of data at high frequencies. Under this condition, both kinds of data fit a distributed-parameter model, whose time constant also agrees with that derived from studies of the phosphenes elicited by electrical stimulation of the human eye. On the other hand, psychophysical data obtained with fully modulated stimuli (which minimally adapt the eye) yield a longer time constant for the same model. These results imply that the psychophysical flicker thresholds are normally controlled by a distributed filtering process that is proximal to the receptor stage. This slower, psychophysical process is evidently desensitized by intense adapting lights, so that the faster one that governs the electrophysiological responses can be detected. PMID- 824736 TI - Cancer: nutritional concepts. PMID- 824737 TI - Granulocyte transfusions for infection during neutropenia. PMID- 824738 TI - Protected environment units in the treatment of acute leukemia. PMID- 824739 TI - The physician's role in minimizing the economic morbidity of cancer. PMID- 824741 TI - The significance of diffusion hypoxemia. AB - The phenomenon of "diffusion hypoxemia" seems to be a well-defined entity. To determine the degree of deoxygenation of the arterial blood due to diffusion hypoxemia, experiments were performed in monkeys which were anesthetized with ketamine, intubated, and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Blood PaO2 values were continuously monitored with the aid of an intra-arterially placed IBC PO2 electrode capable of instantly recording changes in oxygen tension. After stabilization of the blood PaO2 values with the animal breathing different mixtures of oxygen and nitrous oxide, the inspired mixture was abruptly changed to normal air. The blood PaO2 values did not show any significant fall in PaO2 with any mixture containing more than 21% oxygen. It is suggested that diffusion hypoxemia of any degree can be seen only if a patient is breathing a gas mixture containing no more than 21% oxygen. PMID- 824740 TI - Use of newer platelet function tests ot define abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 824742 TI - Atypical radiographic appearance and clinical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Fourteen patients with unusual presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis are described. Often, exposure to the tubercle bacillus was not apparent. In other cases, there was tuberculous infection or reactivation of a previous focus in individuals with altered immunity. The radiographic presentation often differed from the classic cavitating upper lobe disease. Persistent pneumonia, cavities, and nodules were seen in other areas of the lung including the anterior segments and the lung bases. Isolated effusion and solitary nodules were also evident. Increased suspicion of tuberculosis should be maintained when evaluating persistent parenchymal consolidation, effusion, and cavitating pulmonary disease. PMID- 824743 TI - Duodenal crypts. AB - During the course of 2,340 barium examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract, four male patients were found to have multiple small outpouchings on the surface of the duodenal bulb. These findings, designated duodenal crypts, are considered to be asymptomatic and are not to be confused with inflammatory changes. The endoscopic and roentgenologic appearances are illustrated. PMID- 824744 TI - Juvenile polyposis coli concurrent with neurofibromatosis. AB - Juvenile polyposis coli associated with neurofibromatosis in a 24-year-old white man is reported. Juvenile polyposis coli is now recognized as a distinct clinical entity. Differentiating it from the other hereditable gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes is important because of the lack of reported malignancies. Radical surgery is unnecessary unless warranted by the clinical features of bleeding or diarrhea. The known gastrointestinal and extra gastrointestinal associations with juvenile polyposis coli are reviewed along with the gastrointestinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis. This is the first reported association of neurofibromatosis with this unusual syndrome. PMID- 824746 TI - [Tactics of osteosynthesis in the area of the ankle joint]. PMID- 824745 TI - [Bacterial microflora in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 824747 TI - Retroperitoneal transposition of the spleen and portal hypertension. AB - Three experiments are described in which it is shown that when the spleen is transposed to the retroperitoneal tissues, collaterals from between it and the systemic venous circulation. The first experiment was done on normal rats, the second in rats rendered cirrhotic and the third in a dog and a baboon. It is suggested that retroperitoneal transposition of the spleen may be a useful therapeutic measure in portal hypertension in humans. PMID- 824749 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: muscle fuel deficit with visceral protein malnutrition. PMID- 824748 TI - Nutritional care of the injured and/or septic patient. AB - Nutritional therapy is influence both by disease and nutritional status. In addition, the degree of protein depletion in large part dictates the urgency of aggressive nutritional therapy. The presenceof hypermetabolism where the hormonal substrate response is distinctly antagonistic to replacement therapy precludes effective repair of nutritional depletion. Sepsis further antagonizes efforts at nutritional support. For these reasons no elective or semielective procedure that carries a risk of prolonged stress, hypermetabolism, and sepsis should be performed until adequate nutritional status has been obtained. Enteral feeding programs are to be preferred due to their risk-benefit and cost-benefit ratios. However, impaired digestive function related to disease often limits their use and reliance on parenteral nutrition becomes necessary. While each patient has unique needs and responses, a systematic approach based on objective measurements will most often result in effective nutritional therapy. The accomplished therapist will apply the "modular" approach using the wide variety of products and techniques now available. Ignoring the support of protein synthesis and the preservation of lean body mass can no longer be considered good patient care even in the management of the semistarved state. There is no longer any justification for allowing nosocomial malnutrition to alter the morbidity and mortality of disease. With proper skills in the techniques of protein-calorie therapy and the availability of adequate techniques for nutritional assessment, the science of nutritional therapy now affords the opportunity to provide optimal care for the injured hospitalized patient. PMID- 824750 TI - Total body potassium and nutritional status. AB - A method for the indirect measurement of Ke is described. It is accurate, safe, and simple to perform in the clinical setting, and provides quantitative information regarding both the extracellular supporting component of body composition and the body cell. As a result, this technique was applied to quantitatively assess the nutritional status of several groups of surgical patients. A marked contraction of the body cell mass, as indicated by a significant decrease in Ke, was recorded in a group of patients in a chronic catabolic state. The decrease in Ke was accompanied by a reciprocal expansion of the extracellular supporting component of body composition. Thus, in these patients, there was a large increase in the Nae/Ke ratio. Similar changes, which however were much smaller in magnitude, were also observed following a major abdominal operation in a group of patients whose postoperative intravenous fluids contained glucose. In contrast, in a second similar group of patients, the above changes in Nae/Ke were avoided, and postoperative protein sparing was achieved, by avoiding intravenous glucose in the postoperativeperiod and infusing instead solutions containing amino acids. Finally, data were presented which indicates that the effect of a chronic catabolic state on both Nae and Ke can be prevented by administering intravenous hyperalimentation, provided that the total calories infused exceeded 50 cal per kg per day. PMID- 824751 TI - Intestinal adaptation after extensive resection of the small intestine and prolonged administration of parenteral nutrition. AB - After a superior mesenteric thrombosis in a 77 year old man, all but 24 centimeters of the jejunum were resected and anastomosed to the remaining left colon. After being maintained on parenteral nutrition on a 24 hour basis for six weeks, the patient was placed on overnight parenteral nutrition in which he received 2 liters of parenteral nutrition solution containing about 2,200 calories. Over a period of nine months, hypertrophy, lengthening and dilatation took place so that the patient was almost able to support himself by mouth. We believe that this is the first patient in whom documented lengthening of the small intestine has been reported. The factors entering into the hypertrophy and dilatation are discussed. Many patients in this age group are denied therapy because of the consequences of massive enterectomy. With adaptation using prolonged parenteral nutrition, it should be possible for most patients to sustain themselves completely by mouth. Patients with massive necrosis of the small intestine should not be denied therapy even if only 1 foot of small intestine remains. This is likely to hypertrophy in length until parenteral nutrition is no longer necessary. PMID- 824752 TI - Ectopic urethral ureter in the adult female. AB - The unusual presenting symptoms, clinical management and roentgenologic diagnosis of an instance of ectopic urethral ureter in four adult female patients are delineated in terms of the embryologic preface, the dysplastic upper renal segment and the lower urinary tract findings associated with urinary tract infections. Surgical management consists of heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy. Total ureterectomy is necessary if reflux exists in the ectopic ureter, with a vesicovaginal or ureterovaginal fistula being a possible complication in the latter operation. Ureteroneocystostomy may be used in the treatment of an ectopic ureter if the corresponding renal segment is functioning adequately. PMID- 824753 TI - Jejunal atresia with absent mesentery and a helical ileum. AB - Of 59 infants with jejunoileal atresia, seven presented with absence of mesentery, the main superior mesenteric artery ceasing to exist beyond the origin of the right colic or ileocolic artery, and a helical ileum. This distinctive form of jejunal atresia has been recognized with increasing frequency in recent years. Distal to the atresia, the small bowel receives its blood supply retrograde from an artery derived from the ileocolic or right colic arcades, and the ileum coils around its nutrient artery in an "apple peel" or "Christmas tree" deformity. The first three patients in this report died. The lastion, but they recovered as their malabsorption gradually disappeared. The treatment includes resection of the dilated bowel, as in other atresias. Resection of part of the distal bowel may be required for additional atresias or for poor vascularity with questionable viability. Postoperative malabsorption generally requires intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 824754 TI - Skin lesions during intravenous hyperalimentation: zinc deficiency. AB - Of 54 patients who received prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation during the past 4 years, six developed progressive, characteristic skin lesions. These cutaneous manifestations frequently were accompained by abdominal symptoms resembling those of acrodermatitis enteropathica in many respects. In the first four of these six patients, skin eruptions disappeared promptly after the initiation of oral feeding, which led us to assume that these skin manifestations are due to some unknown nutrient deficiency. Our experience in the remaining two patients enabled us to presume the underlying pathology to be zinc deficiency. PMID- 824755 TI - Function of the hypothalamus and clinical aspects. PMID- 824756 TI - Indium-LLL labeled platelets: studies on preparation and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo functions. PMID- 824757 TI - [Sarcosporidiosis in sheep (author's transl)]. AB - Histological examination of the masseter muscle, diaphragm, oseophagus and heart showed that about 18 per cent of approximately eight-month-old sheep in the Netherlands were infected with Sarcocystis. The masseter muscle obviously was the site of predilection. PMID- 824758 TI - Differences in autonomity of growth hormone secretion in patients with acromegaly. AB - Thirteen patients with acromegaly were subjected to the examination of autonomity in growth hormone (GH) secretion. TRH (500 mug iv), arginine (0.5 g/kg of body weight iv infusion), LH-RH (100 mug iv) and L-dopa (500 mg orally) were administered, and plasma GH was measured. Among them, 11 patients showed some response in plasma GH to at least one agent, but the other 2 cases showed no response to any of the above 4 agents. In the former 11 cases, the patients were regarded as belonging to the less autonomous type and in the latter 2, to the more autonomous type in GH secretion. Six cases (4 cases of the less autonomous and 2 cases of the more autonomous type) received an administration of 500 mug of synthetic somatostatin parenterally. Following administration of somatostatin, the patients of both types showed significant GH decrease, although GH decrease in the more autonomous type was smaller than that of the less autonomous type. These results would suggest that there might be no acromegalics secreting GH FROM THE PITUITARY WITH COMPLETE AUTONOMITY, AND THE DIFFERENCE OF AUTONOMITY IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS MIGHT DEPEND EITHER ON THE DIFFERENCE IN SENSITIVITY AND/OR THE NUMBER OF RECEPTORS IN THE PITUITARY RATHER THAN THOSE IN HYPOTHALAMUS TO EXOGENOUS STIMULI. PMID- 824759 TI - Sharing: an overall assessment. PMID- 824760 TI - Elimination of chlorinated dibenzofurans associated with polychlorinated biphenyls fed to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 824761 TI - A model for the metabolism of sulfite in mammals. PMID- 824762 TI - Action of styrene and its metabolites sytrene oxide and styrene glycol on activities of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in rat liver in vivo. PMID- 824763 TI - External high-voltage radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and the regional lymph nodes. AB - External high-voltage radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and the field of regional lymphatic spread leads to regression of the tumour in over half the cases. The definite response to radiotherapy does not seem to be related either to the degree of histological differentiation or to the palpable extent of the tumour in the pelvis and is not always seen until at least 6 months from the end of treatment. Radiotherapy has a good palliative effect. Oestrogens need not be administered during irradiation and subsequently as long as no disease activity is detectable. PMID- 824764 TI - The bacteriological diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis from cerebrospinal fluid dried on filter paper. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with pyogenic meningitis in two rural hospitals in Nigeria was dried on filter paper and sent by post for analysis in a reference laboratory. Microbial antigens were detected by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis in 78 of the 142 specimens (55%). This method of detecting antigens deserves further application for epidemiological and diagnostic work in developing countries. PMID- 824765 TI - Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections in rhesus monkeys. II. The early chronic phase. AB - Information on the acute and early chronic phases of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in eight rhesus monkeys is reported with particular reference to the pattern of subpatent parasitaemia and serology. Xenodiagnosis was superior to animal inoculation and blood culture in its capacity to detect subpatent parasitaemia. Each monkey showed an individual, relatively constant pattern of this not related to the nature of the inoculum. Levels of indirect fluorescent and indirect haemagglutinating antibodies remained elevated during a year of observations. One monkey died with a megaoesophagus. Another monkey after challenge with a heterologous strain by orbital inoculation failed to develop Romana's sign and showed no change in serum antibody levels or degree of xenopositivity. PMID- 824766 TI - Skin test reactions in cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. PMID- 824767 TI - A comparison of a low ionic strength saline medium with routine methods for antibody detection. AB - Antibody detection studies were undertaken in order to compare a low ionic strength (LIS) medium with a conventional albumin-fortified isotonic medium. Tests were performed in parallel with both media at room temperature and at 37 C. A 30mM NaCl solution was used as the LIS medium and in this study this enhanced antibody reactions without causing nonspecific reactions. The LIS medium detected all of more than 50 Rh and more than 75 non-Rh antibodies after 15 minutes of incubation. Often 30 to 60 minutes of incubation were required to detect these antibodies by the routine method. Several antibodies that were detected with the LIS medium after 15 minutes of incubation were either undetected or had given a nonspecific pattern of activity after 60 minutes incubation in the routine medium. When an antibody was present, the LIS medium invariably gave stronger, more clear-cut results. It is concluded that the LIS medium is generally more sensitive than a conventional medium in detecting antibodies since such a medium will detect clinically significant antibodies after only 15 minutes incubation as well as detect antibodies missed by a conventional medium. An antibody detection system utilizing this medium has obvious applicability to a hospital transfusion service. PMID- 824768 TI - The S region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2): genetic variation and functional role in complement system. PMID- 824769 TI - Allotypes of complement components in man. PMID- 824770 TI - Complement and cell membranes. PMID- 824771 TI - Preliminary identification and characterization of antigen extracts from Onchocerca volvulus. AB - Sequential extraction of Onchocerca volvulus from skin nodules with buffers of different ionic strength resulted in a mixture of antigens which reacted in double immunodiffusion with sera from proven cases of onchocerciasis, the number of precipitation lines varied from 1 to 5. Triton X-100 detached mainly cationic antigen proteins. It reduced the molecular size of many antigenic proteins, but did not effect their antigenicity. Labelling of the extracted proteins with high specific activity 125I did not destroy much antigenicity. Strong cross-reactivity between Onchocera volvulus extracts and Onchocerca gutturosa and Litomosoides carinii was observed, less with extracts of Necator americanus and Ascaris suum, and none with Echinococcus multilocularis. Sera from proven cases of wuchereriasis, toxoplasmosis and echinococcosis rarely contained antibodies against O. volvulus. Isoelectric focusing, immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration of the O. volvulus extracts indicated a variety of antigens. Preliminary attempts were made to purify the antigens using a solid-phase immuno adsorbent prepared by coupling purified onchocerciasis IgG to CNBr-activated Sepharose. PMID- 824772 TI - Studies on Theileriidae (Sporozoa) in Tanzania. III. Experiments on the transmission of Theileria mutans by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina, Ixodidae). AB - The parasite considered to be Theileria mutans in East Africa could not be transmitted transstadially by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (seven attempts); it was transmitted by Amblyomma variegatum in 6 out of 7 experiments. The possibility that the original South African T. mutans, transmissible by R. appendiculatus, and the parasite called T. mutans in East Africa, are different species, has to be considered. PMID- 824773 TI - [Comparative studies on the immunodiagnosis of filariasis (author's transl)]. AB - Four serological methods have been evaluated for the immunodiagnosis of filarial infections in European patients returning from endemic areas. The highest sensitivity was found by the immunoelectrophoresis (73%), followed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (60%) and the indirect hemagglutination (57%). The reliability of the two-dimensional geldiffusion was rather low (41%). Using immunofluorescence and hemagglutination procedures simultaneously 83% of all pathologic filarial infections were detectable. Adding an immunoelectrophoretic analysis to those sera which give doubtful results a final sensitivity of 88% was attained. PMID- 824774 TI - [Cytogenetic and electrophoretic effect of the combined action of thio-TEPA and beta-indolylacetic acid on seedlings of Vicia faba L]. PMID- 824775 TI - Retreatment of drug-sensitive relapses of pulmonary tuberculosis following chemotherapy with standard drugs. AB - Forty-four tuberculous patients who relapsed with strains sensitive to the initial drugs they had received, namely streptomycin and isoniazid, were retreated with the same drugs for a year. One died of tuberculosis, and two had treatment changed for unfavourable response. All the other 41 showed a bacteriological response, and all but one were culture-negative at 1 year or when last assessed. PMID- 824776 TI - [The working arrangements in a group practice compared with the number of admissions. From the hospital in Thyholm--budget year 1973-74]. PMID- 824777 TI - Traumatic tracheal separation with diverticuli in a cat. PMID- 824778 TI - [Use of rapid agglutination in the serotyping of the Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex]. AB - The authors describe a new method of the typification of mycobacteria by rapid (droplet) agglutination. This technique is of the same specificity as slow agglutination; however, it is simpler and practicable for normally equipped tuberculosis-testing laboratories. It is suitable for the use in typification as one of the differentiating techniques as well as for preliminary differentiation of mycobacteria from primocultures. PMID- 824779 TI - [Penetration of Staphylococci through the egg-shell]. AB - Penetration of staphylococci through egg-shell structures into the egg content was studied in 490 eggs. A series of experiments proved that staphylococci were able to penetrate through all egg-shell structures in a short time (of 1 hour) after the contamination. According to the results of these experiments, penetration was affected by the presence of cuticle, different shell porosity and high pH of the egg white. PMID- 824780 TI - [Rennet as a source of Salmonella occurrence in various dairy products]. AB - During a microbiological examination of foodstuffs, frequent occurrence of salmonellas of S. agona serotype was found in milk products, namely in ewe's milk cloddy cheese, ewe's milk curd and hard cheeses. The rennet produced by one enterprise was a source of salmonella spreading. To solve this problem, 1268 different samples were examined in which salmonellas were isolated in 69 cases. The Veterinary Service worked out and in cooperation with other bodies took steps to liquidate the occurrence of salmonellas in a short time; the level of that serotype in the population was not increased. PMID- 824781 TI - [Antidotal effect of TMB-4 compos. Spofa in sheep intoxicated with O-ethyl S-(2 dimethylaminoethyl) methyl phosphonothioate]. AB - A single application of a mixture of cholinolytic and reactivator of cholinesterase (TMB-4 compos. SPOFA) administered intravenously in the dose of 10.0 mg of trimedoxim per kg of live weight to sheep for 60 minutes after an intramuscular intoxication with O-ethyl S-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methyl phosphonothioate (EDMM) in the dose of 0.00835 mg per kg of live weight (i.m. LD50, 2h) produces an immediate clinical effect. The reactivation of the erythrocytary acetyl cholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7.) examined in 15 minutes after the administration of the antidotal mixture is almost 100 p.c., the reactivation of the plasmatic butyryl cholin esterase (ChE, E.C.3.1.1.8.) approx. from 70 to 80 p. c. Restitution ad integrum occurred not later than in 14 days after the intoxication. PMID- 824782 TI - [Total nitrogen in mice after injections of aurothioglucose]. AB - To mature female mice of the "H" strain aurothioglucose was applied, once in the dose of 1 mg g-1 of live weight i. p. In the case of feeding ad libitum we determined, after three months of the experiment, the nitrogen total in the fatfree dry substance. On an average the values of the total N in the animals were, after the injection of aurothioglucose, equal to those of the control animals, and the values of the nitrogen total with regard to the fatfree dry substance were practically the same. PMID- 824783 TI - [Levels of some minerals, glucose and vitamin A in the blood serum of sows during puerperium under large-scale breeding conditions]. AB - A partial chemical analysis of the blood serum of 293 suckling sows kept under typical large-scale production conditions were performed; the sows were divided into groups according to the individual days of puerperium. The calcium content was 8.23 +/- 1.53 mg per 100 ml of serum on the first day post partum, later on it increased slightly and it was highest on the 16th and 22nd day p. p., i.e. 10.22 +/- 1.80 and 9.77 +/- 1.51 mg per 100 ml, respectively. The increase was statistically significant on the 18th day p.p., and later on it was slightly statistically significant (P less than 0.1). Since the second week, the phosphorus content had dropped from the value of 4.10 +/- 0.63 mg per 100 ml on the 1st day p. p., and it mostly ranged below 4 mg per 100 ml, the average being 3.86 mg per 100 ml; the differences were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.1). The magnesium content raised from 1.75 +/- 0.43 mg per 100 ml on the first day p. p. to 2.50 +/- 0.56 mg per 100 ml on the fifth day; it remained higher for the whole puerperium. The differences were statistically highly to slightly significant (P less than 0.01 - P less than 0.01). The changes of the glucose content were irregular, within a relatively small range (86.52 +/- 16.79 to 115.92 +/- 26.70 mg per 100 ml of serum). The average value was 97.76 mg per 100 ml of serum and the differences obtained were statistically insignificant (P greater than 0.01). The vitamin A content amounted to 29.57 +/- 10.16 mcg per 100 ml on the first day; later on it increased up to 47.51 +/- 15.19 mcg per 100 ml on the 22nd day p.p. The increase since the 10th day and later on was statistically significant (P less than 0.05--P greater than 0.01). PMID- 824785 TI - [Frequency and differentiation of defective spermatozoa in relation to various clinical testicular changes in black-pied Holstein bulls]. AB - An occurrence of pathological spermatozoa and their differentiation in relation to the clinical state of the testes in the Holstein bulls was studied under the subtropical conditions of Cuba. In animals without clinical testicular findings an average count of pathological spermatozoa was relatively high (16.4%), it increased in breeding bulls suffering from testicular degeneration (22.72%), and it reached the maximum values in bulls with testicular fibrosis (29.52%). Primary defects were mostly found on heads, fewest changes were observed on the neck of spermatozoa. A finding of the set of acrosomal defects was prevalent on the spermatozoon head; the defects were heaviest in bulls with testicular fibrosis. In those animals, a higher frequency of piriform spermatozoon heads was found out. A high incidence of protoplasmic drops was observed as well;it was highest in fibrotic bulls (8.27%). In dependence on the clinical state of gonads, the testis produces an increasing amount of pathological spermatozoa. That is to say the proportionate representation of various defects is similar to each other when given biological excrements at different states of gonads are considered. PMID- 824784 TI - [Changes in the blood picture during puerperium of Czech white-breed sows under large-scale breeding conditions]. AB - A dynamics of the changes of the red and while blood cell count during puerperium (1st-27th day post partum) was studied in 293 sows of the Czech White breed kept in typical large-scale production conditions. An average count of erythrocytes amounted to 5 513 000 +/- 385 514. In the course of puerperium their count slightly decreased in comparison with the value obtained on the first day p. p. (on the 10th day p. p. the decrease was even highly statistically significant - P less than 0.01). An average amount of hemoglobin was 12.48 +/- 1.22 g per 100 ml of blood; in the course of the nearly whole of puerperium it was slightly higher than on the first day p. p. (in the third week on the threshold of the statistical significance up to the statistical significance - P less than 0.10 0.05-0.01). The value of hematocrit did not fluctuate (average = 38.65 +/- 3.89%), sedimentation slowed down, especially from the end of the second week p. p. The protein of the blood plasma amounted, on an average, to 7.71 +/- 0.84 g per 100 ml; the protein content raised during puerperium in comparison to the 1st day .p. An average count of leukocytes during puerperium was in comparison to the 1st day p.p. An average count of leukocytes during puerperium 12 755 +/- 1529, and it slightly increased in relation to the 1st day p. p. The percentage of neutrophile granulocytes and lymphocytes did not change very much; it reached 46%: 45%. The character of the sow blood during puerperium fluctuated all the time between neutrophile and lymphocytic type with a slight tendency to the prevalence of neutrophile granulocytes. Nevertheless, the proportion of neutrophile granulocytes with rodlike nuclei decreased, and on the other hand, the proportion of neutrophile granulocytes with segmented nuclei increased (a nucleus shift to the right). Original values and ratio of the first day p. p. (T = 6.91%: Seg = 41.13%) changed in the average value of T = 1.93%: Seg = 43.96% during the whole puerperium. PMID- 824786 TI - [Fixed acids during the traditional cesarean section in cows]. AB - The values of lactic acid, pyruvic acid and L/P index were studied in cows at the traditional Caesarean section. The values of the mentioned metabolites are presented in dependence on the intensity and length of parturient activity that are affected by the anesthesia applied during surgical procedures. An increase of the level of lactic acid was hindered by the anesthesia at the protracted parturient activity. An unequal drop of the level of lactic acid resulted from the interrupted intensive parturient activity and lowered labor of the organisms due to anesthesia during the surgical procedure. The levels of pyruvic acid increase after the anesthetic applied, but already during the surgical procedure a drop of their levels occurs that continues, with certain fluctuations, for 48 hours after the fetus extraction. The L/P index is relevant to the levels of fixed acids that reflect the labor of the organism at the protracted parturient activity and under an oxygen deficit. The increased L/P index after the application of the anesthetic decreases for three hours after the surgical procedure and later on, it maintains approximately the same level. PMID- 824787 TI - [Changes of lactic and pyramic acid levels and of the L/P index in cows and calves during parturition]. AB - The levels of lactic acid, pyruvic acid and L/P index were studied during parturition in cows and calves. The results demonstrate various values of the metabolites studied in dependence on the length of parturient activity and on the way of finishing the parturition. The level of lactic acid increases with protracted parturient activity and that of puruvic acid decreases. Anesthesia applied at the traditional caesarean section hinders the course of fixed acids, which is reflected in the values of the L/P index. An excessive accumulation of fixed acids in mother's organism at the protracted parturition unfavorably influences the metabolism of fetus by means of the fetoplacental bed. Anesthesia does not affect the levels of the metabolites studied in calves. The values of the L/P index are in the same proportion as the levels of lactic and pyruvic acids are. PMID- 824788 TI - [Variability of the thickness of the endometrium in sheep under the intravaginal effect of chlorsuperlutin]. AB - Variability of the endometrium thickness and surface epithelium in sheep after the effect of 20 mg of chlorsuperlutin (vaginal swabs soaked in this preparation) was studied. The results obtained demonstrate that at the estrus synchronization by means of the above mentioned preparation similar changes of the endometrium can be observed as those at the estrus without controlled sexual activity. It was found out that the variability of the endometrium thickness, both in cows and heifers, depended on the follicle-stimulating hormone evoking mucosal edematization in view of the phase of the cycle when the ovulation-inhibiting factor came into play. The endometrium thickness of 1499.5 mu on an average was found in sheep with synchronized estrus, and the epithelium thickness was, on an average, 24.7 mu. We observed, according to the results of the experiment, that the endometrium thickness varied even in a given animal; the changes were the same on the endometrium of both horns of uterus independent of the ovary showing cyclical changes. The endometrium gets thinner towards to oviduct, its thickness not being uniform in individual parts of uterus. The results can be distorted due to some artificial factors, e.g. the way of sampling, fixating media, etc. Nevertheless, an assessment of the variability of the endometrium thickness belongs to objective methods to examine the functional activity of ovaries and to find out the state of uterine mucosa. PMID- 824790 TI - [Phototaxis in the parasite Trichinella spiralis]. PMID- 824789 TI - [Results of bacteriological and cytological studies of uterine lavages in cows from herds with fertility disorders]. AB - A cytological and bacteriological examination of uterine lavages of 264 cows from herds with fertility disorders (without convincing pathological findings) helped to determine the clinical diagnosis in a more exact way. In 41.67% of the cases, mucosal metritis was cytologically proved. Bacterial contamination of the urerine medium was observed in 83.71% of the cases. The result of bacteriological examinations of uterine lavage and cervical smear brought about various findings in 77.27% of the cases. The bacteriological contamination rate of the uterine medium without metritis was highest in the follicular phase. Both the cows suffering from metritis and in cows without any changes due to metritis, common, conditionally pathogenic microflora was found (with the exception of several cases) the etiocausal effect of which on the metritis origin and decreased fertility could not be, in general and for certain, proved. PMID- 824791 TI - Spontaneous Frenkelia infection in a laboratory-reared rat. AB - Numerous, lobulated, thin-walled protozoan cysts were found in the brain and cervical spinal cord of a male Fischer rat with granulomatous encephalitis. The cysts were compartmented, 470-1000 mum in diameter, and packed with crescent shaped organisms. Light- and electron-microscopic features of the organism were characteristic of the protozoan Frenkelia, a parasite usually found in the brain of wild rodents. Many cysts were replaced by granulomas, whereas others elicited no inflammation. Perivascular and meningeal mononuclear cell infiltrates and gliosis were common. PMID- 824792 TI - Brucella abortus in the bitch. PMID- 824793 TI - [Paraosseal ossification in association with osteomyelitis in a child with neurothrophic disorders]. PMID- 824794 TI - Fluorescence histochemical and electron-microscopical observations on the innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart. AB - The existence of both adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the atrial myocardium of the adult human heart was demonstrated by means of fluorescence induced by formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and by electron microscopy. The adrenergic fluorescing axons (1) followed the course of blood vessels as typical perivascular nerve plexuses, and (2) formed a three-dimensional fairly dense nerve net obviously not related to the blood vessels. The varicosities frequently came into close apposition on myocardial cells. Several types of nerve terminals were differentiated at electron microscopy: (1) an "adrenergic" type containing small (diameter 450-700 A) dense-cored vesicles and usually (in various proportions) small "empty" and/or large (900-1500 A) dense-cored vesicles, (2) a "cholinergic" type containing small (ca. 500 A) "empty" vesicles and occasionally also some large (mean diameter ca. 1200 A) dense-cored vesicles, (3) a "pale" type containing only a few or no vesicles, (4) a "disintegrated" type containing degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and occasional normal-looking mitochondria, (5) nerve terminals containing a large number of mitochondria in addition to varying vesicle populations, and (6) a (possibly baroreceptive type of) nerve terminal containing myelinlike lamellated structures. The "disintegrated" and the "pale" types of nerve terminals possibly represent different stages of axonal degeneration, or may correspond to diminution in the transmitter substance concentration under certain pathophysiologic conditions, respectively. Nerve terminals crowded with mitochondria may be sensory and involved in mechano-or chemoreceptive functions. In preliminary experiments convincing evidence was obtained that the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method will be suitable for comparative studies on (human) clinical specimens, e.g., for analyzing the degree of the functional activity of the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the myocardium under various pathophysiologic conditions. The modification which appeared most appropriate for such studies is described in detail, and is proposed for use as a standard method in other similar or related studies on human clinical series. The essential criteria for analyzing the specimens at fluorescence microscopy are suggested as well. PMID- 824795 TI - Abnormal cilia in the bronchial mucosa. Case reports of non-smoking women with bronchogenic carcinomas and an experimental model in guinea-pigs. AB - Atypical cilia in the bronchial mucosa of non-smoking women and in guinea-pig lungs were studied by the electron microscope. In human cases, numerous compound cilia were observed in the main bronchi. The largest one contained about 40 axial filament complexes in a ciliary shaft. Occasionally, atypical basal bodies were also seen. In the experimental model in guniea-pigs, 50% oxygen at one atmospheric pressure damaged the bronchial surface and resulted in degeneration and reduction of cilia and pellicular structures. The injury was not sufficiently severe to initiate adaptation and reparative mechanisms in the bronchial mucosa, and rapid renewal of the surface structures was found. The human cases were associated with bronchogenic carcinoma but the experimental model suggested that atypical cilia were not always related to pulmonary carcinogenesis. PMID- 824796 TI - Investigations into human thorotrastosis. Tissue concentrations of 232-Th and late effects in 13 autopsy cases. AB - The subjects of investigation were 13 dead thorotrast patients, 10 male, 3 female, with ages ranging from 45 to 79 years. Two thousand organ and tissue specimens were investigated by means of autopsy and by both microscopic autoradiographic and neutron activation analysis in order to detect late effects and to determine on approximate mean concentration of 232Th (mg per g of tissue). A comparison between late effects and concentrations of the dye medium led to the following conclusions: 1. 232Th is, after intravascular injection, deposited in all organs and tissues of the human body. 2. The highest mean concentrations are shown in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. 3. The distribution of 232Th is inhomogeneous in all organs and tissues. The variations of maximum and minimum concentration lie around factor 2.2 X 10(0)-2.4 X 10(5). 4. Late effects occur only in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, but not in organs and tissues that show a mean concentration of 232Th under 10(-1) mg per g tissue. 5. It is highly probable that tumors of thorotrast patients in organs other than spleen, liver lymph nodes, and bone marrow are not caused by deposition of 232Th or ThO2. PMID- 824797 TI - [Changes of the pancreatic duct system associated with aging: their relations to parenchyma (author's transl)]. AB - A postmortem study by ductography and histology was carried out in 50 macroscopically normal human pancreata. The alterations of the pancreatic duct system, their relations to the parenchyma, and their changes depending on age were studied. The most frequent changes of the ducts are epithelial hyperplasia (88%) and periductal fibrosis (74%). In the ducts they produce cystic widening (62%) and intraluminal protein precipitates (40%), within the parenchyma an intralobular fibrosis up to total fibrosis of lobules (88%). All these alterations increase with aging both in frequency and intensity. But they are already visible before the age of 50 and sometimes before the age of 30. The pathogenetic connexions between the changes of the duct system and the alterations of parenchyma were studied by serial sections and ceroplasty. This investigation revealed that the small branches of the larger ducts, which drain small periductally situated lobules, play an important role in the development of the parenchymal alterations. No connections were found between the pancreatic alterations and diseases of the bile duct system. PMID- 824798 TI - [Malignant endothelial vascular tumor with distal embolization (author's transl)]. AB - This case report describes a malignant endothelial vascular tumor originating in the superficial femoral artery with distal embolization and formation of metastases in bones and soft tissue of the foot and lower leg. Clinically the case was considered to be microembolism of the foot. Diagnosis was established by biopsy of a cutaneous necrotic lesion in the lateral foot region. The histologic picture of the cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases is similar to that of systemic proliferating angioendotheliomatosis. PMID- 824799 TI - [Central giant cell granuloma. Histochemical and ultrastructural study on giant cell function (author's transl)]. AB - Multinucleated giant cells in giant cell granuloma are formed by cell fusion of capillary pericytes. In our present study we tried to analyze cell function and activity by histologic, histochemical, and electronmicroscopic examination of giant cells. Lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase and amino-peptidase were found in giant cells which is in agreement with former work. By their lysosomal system giant cells are proved phagocytic. In addition, giant cells being localized at trabecular surfaces of newly formed woven bone may develop osteoclastic functions. The enzymatic and funcational resemblance of giant cells and multinucleated osteoclasts points to the possibility of a similar cytogenesis of both cell types. PMID- 824800 TI - Myxoid liposarcoma. Light and electron microscopic investigation. AB - Liposarcoma is an important soft tissue sarcoma. It requires careful classification into types, since prognosis varies considerably with histological appearance. In this case a myxoid sarcoma is shown to contain cells resembling fetal fat with active pinocytosis, and some scanty signet-ring cells. Their ultrastructural appearances are described. PMID- 824801 TI - Pulmonary alveolar septal amyloidosis. A scanning- and transmission electron microscopy study. AB - A case of primary amyloidosis is presented with diffusely involved the alveolar septa. The lung was studied by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The fine structure of the amyloid material showed it to be porous, homogeneous, and an acellular substance consisting of interwoven bundles of amyloid fibrils. The fine structure of the amyloid material was considered to explain the normal gas diffusion across the alveolar respiratory membrane. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was first made from a uterine cervical biopsy specimen. PMID- 824802 TI - Human ecchordosis physaliphora and chick embryonic notochord. A comparative electron microscopic study. AB - The ecchordosis physaliphora, a small gelatinous mass attached to the midline of the clivus, is characterized ultrastructurally by glycogen-laden intracytoplasmic vacuoles, focally distended endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisterns with cytoplasmic invaginations, large clusters of granular endoplasmic reticulum interdigitating with mitochondria, and an abundant extracellular space. These morphologic features are also present in the 9-day embryonal chick notochord and the human chordoma and serve to reaffirm the derivation of the ecchordosis and chordoma from notochordal rests. PMID- 824803 TI - In vitro behavior of human fetal lung maintained in organ culture. Light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Human fetal lung obtained from 9-26 = weeks = old embryos were maintained in organ culture for 2-5 weeks. The in vitro survival and changes are clearly age dependent. The best survival was obtained with lung tissue from the early glandular period. With these young embryos tubular dilation was frequent during the 1st week. The relatively short duration of culture permitted only a fragmentary study of differentiation of the human lung in vitro but, with the exception of tubular dilations, most of the in vitro changes were also found during lung differentiation in vivo = monostratification of epithelium, bronchiolar development, decrease of glycogen, appearance of myelinlike figures, fibroblastic and myoblastic transformation of mesenchymal cells. PMID- 824804 TI - Terminal plate fracture in vertebrae of the aged. AB - The terminal plate fracture of human vertebrae was studied morphologically on midsagittal specimens from 92 autopsy cases which included 82 patients over 60 years. 1. Histologically, the terminal plate fracture was classified into three types by its representative histology. (a) Fracture with intervertebral disk (ID) prolapse: a healed fracture characterized by the presence of the prolapsed ID at the fractured site. ID prolapse in the marrow cavity may or may not be present. The group includes the typical case of the Schmorl's nodule. (b) Fracture with the granulation tissue: The fracture site was embedded by the granulation tissue. Callus and ID prolapse, if any, were insignificant. (c) Diffuse replacement of the hyaline cartilage layer by osteoid tissue: The alteration is seen often at a concaved surface of the terminal plate of significantly deformed vertebrae. 2. The fracture may be classified by the depth of the ID prolapse. (a) Grade 1: ID prolapse may be seen within the fracture aperture, but, not in the marrow cavity. (b) Grade 2: ID prolapse is confined to a labyrinth of subcortical trabeculae. (c) Grade 3: ID prolapse extends to a deep marrow space. The typical Schmorl's nodule belongs to this group. 3. In the present study, the terminal plate fracture was noted in 78% of the patients over 60 years. The female group was affected more often (68% in male, 86% in female). Grade 2 was more often seen in atrophic vertebrae than Grade 1. However, in Grade 3, the fracture appeared unrelated to the atrophy of the vertebrae. 4. The terminal plate fracture was more often seen in the lower deck than the upper deck at the site of two-thirds dorsal from the ventral edge of the vertebral body. The site corresponds roughly to the nucleus pulposus. 5. Histologic variations of the terminal plate fracture and of ID prolapse may relate to senescence of both vertebrae and ID. PMID- 824805 TI - Parathyroid function in rats treated with growth hormone. A morphometric study. AB - Male rats weighing 220-250 g were injected i.m. daily with 0.1 mg commercial human growth hormone for 3 days or 12 days. The serum concentration of total calcium phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated for some days and returned to normal values at the end of the test period. The parathyroid glands, as studied by light and electron microscopical morphometry showed signs of reduced activity at the 4th day and also at the 13th day: a lowered nucleo cytoplasmic ratio and a decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum, of Golgi apparatus and of plasmalemmal tortuosity. The findings suggest a hypercalcemic effect of growth hormone involving peripheral organs of calcium metabolism, especially kidney and bone, and a secondary suppression of parathyroid glands by hypercalcemia.20 PMID- 824806 TI - [The wall of primary hydrocele in childhood. Light and electron microscopic findings (author's transl)]. AB - Hydroceles of infants and children are characterized by edematous wall thickening, caused by lacking lymph vessels and venous congestion. The morphologic and clinical differences between hydroceles of infants and children favor the following hypothesis: Pathologically increased filtration of fluid from the parietal tunica vaginalis can't be drained into the peritoneal cavity because the processus vaginalis closes too early and gives raise to hydrocele. PMID- 824807 TI - A case of nodular hyperplasia of the juxtaoral organ in man. AB - We report the first case of a tumorlike hyperplasia of the juxtaoral organ in man. PMID- 824808 TI - Atoxyl-induced damage to the sensory cells in the organ of Corti in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - Atoxyl-induced damage to the inner and the outer hair cells in the guinea pig cochlea starts in the apical coil and spreads successively downward toward the round window. Vesicular degeneration of both the inner and the outer hair cells and the cell organelles occurs. The degeneration is probably caused by an alteration in ionic composition of the endolymph resulting from primary changes of the stria vascularis (vesiculation and rejection of degenerated marginal and intermediate cells) as reported by Anniko and Wersall (1975). However, a direct action of atoxyl on the sensory cells of the organ of Corti cannot be excluded. PMID- 824809 TI - Cell kinetics of mouse urinary bladder epithelium. II. Changes in proliferation and nuclear DNA content during necrosis regeneration, and hyperplasia caused by a single dose of cyclophosphamide. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on the mouse (hr/hr strain) urinary bladder epithelium are described with regard to histology, proliferation (mitotic activity, LI, and cell number), and changes in ploidy. An initial toxic effect on the epithelium was evident after injection of CPA, demonstrated by a focal cell loss of approximately 50% during the period from 10 to 24 h after the injection of CPA. The toxicity is partly direct and partly mediated through DNA replication, and leads to cell death and cell loss. The necrotic phase was followed by a rapid regeneration with normalization of the diploid and tetraploid cell populations in 2-4 days. From 36 to 48 h the octoploid cell number increased by 3-4 times the normal number, and remained high for the rest of the observation period, with a maximum on the 5th day and a slight decrease during the following 2 weeks. The labeling index (LI) was significantly decreased 2-4 h after administration of the drug and evidence of partial synchronization was seen. The LI started to increase at 12 h and reached a maximum at 36 h, after which there was a gradual decrease. With microflow fluorometry the increase in DNA synthesis was seen to appear initially in the diploid population, starting at 10 h, and then in the tetraploid population, at 24 h. The tetraploid DNA synthesis reached a maximal value of almost 7 times the normal one at 36 h. An increased LI was followed by an increase in mitotic activity with a peak at 48 h and a gradual decrease during the first week. Diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid cells all underwent mitotic division. The pattern of DNA synthesis in the different cell populations strongly suggests that the development of higher ploidies occurs mainly by repeated synthesis of DNA in the same cells, and not by fusion. Cells of higher ploidy develop by repeated cycling of DNA along the vertical axis, and new cells within each ploidy population are formed by mitotic division and migration along the horizontal axis. PMID- 824810 TI - Karyometric and cytophotometric studies on nucleic acids in the culture of human lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin. AB - Lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was analyzed by karyometry and cytophotometry of single cells. The former showed the distribution of various-sized transforming cells, and the latter the increase of DNA and RNA. Two different types of karyograms were obtained; one with three peaks corresponding to 2c, 4c, and 8c, and the other with only a 2c peak. Although small in number (8%), karyometry showed that DNA synthesis took place in the extremely early stage of transformation, 1 h after stimulation with PHA, which was proved by cytophotometry and ultrastructural findings. An increasing curve of DNA and RNA revealed that a lymphocyte continued to enlarge from 2c to 4c and divide again through the normal cell cycle in a suitable condition. The largest blast cell, a polyploid cell, may be induced by the lack of a sufficient amount of RNA and protein in need of cell division, and may be a degenerative cell in the strict sense. Among the large cells with blastlike appearance, there were a considerable number of so-called degenerative cells with a low amount of DNA. The ratio of RNA to DNA increased steeply in the actively DNA synthesizing S phase, which supports the morphologic findings of blast cell, the appearance of basophilic cytoplasm, and active-looking nucleoli. PMID- 824811 TI - Effect of vinblastine on the brush border of proximal tubule cells of rat kidney. AB - A vinblastine-induced lesion of the brush border of proximal tubule cells of rat kidney was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adult rats were given two tail-vein injections of vinblastine sulfate and then sacrificed either three or sixteen hours after administration of the first injection. The proximal tubules of animals treated with the drug for three hours differed from those of saline-treated controls in possessing (1) well defined areas of apical cell surface devoid of microvilli and (2) fewer microcraters in the brush border. In tubules of animals treated with vinblastine for sixteen hours, the areas devoid of microvilli were much more extensive, and microcraters were less frequently seen. Cilia did not appear to be affected by exposure to the drug and were observed both in regions devoid of microvilli and in areas with a well developed brush border. The mechanism of action of vinblastine in eliciting focal loss of microvilli of proximal tubule cells is not known. Several hypotheses to account for this lesion of the brush border are discussed. PMID- 824812 TI - Adrenergic inhibition of cell proliferation in the buccal epithelium of rat. AB - Mitotic rates in the basal layer of cells in the buccal epithelium of rat were measured using a stathmokinetic technique. Adrenaline was found to inhibit cell proliferation in this tissue and the effect of adrenaline could be blocked by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol but not by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine nor by the specific beta2-adrenergic antagonist butoxamine. Cell proliferation in the buccal mucosa was also inhibited by terbutaline, a synthetic beta2-adrenergic agonist. The effect of terbutaline was not blocked by either butoxamine or by the specific beta1-adrenergic antagonist practolol. PMID- 824813 TI - Vascular transplant rejection of rat renal allografts across strong histocompatibility barriers. AB - Sixty-one rat renal allografts were studied by light microscopy and in 18 cases also by immunohistology. Donor and recipient differ at a major histocompatibility locus in the one group (n = 37), and by an additional weak histocompatibility antigen in the other (n = 24). The mean survival time is 10.4 days and 8.3 days, respectively. A semiquantitative grading of the histologic findings shows that in both groups the rejection is predominantly manifested by lesions of extraglomerular and glomerular vessels, whereas mononuclear cell infiltration appears to be of less significance. The essential findings are necrosis of arteries and arterioles, necrosis of glomerular cells with mesangiolysis, and focal tubular necroses. This morphologic rejection type is interpreted as the result of a mixed humoral and cellular immune response, although the constant participation of circulating antibodies in the vascular damage could not be established. Since the tubular necroses correlate well with the degree of vascular alterations, but not with the mononuclear cell infiltration it would seem reasonable to conclude that these necroses are secondary to ischemia produced by vascular lesions. Finally, there is no significant difference in the degree of rejection between the two donor/recipient groups, and, therefore, there is no morphologic evidence for an increase of the rejection process by additional weak histoincompatibility in the examined strain combinations. PMID- 824814 TI - Physical map of bacteriophage phi29 DNA. PMID- 824815 TI - Purification and biophysical properties of human coronavirus 229E. PMID- 824816 TI - [Administration of hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone by inhalation (preliminary report)]. PMID- 824817 TI - [Orthostatic proteinurias in adolescents (agar electrophoresis and immunodiffusion of urinary proteins)]. PMID- 824818 TI - [Healing of meningo-cerebral wounds with a combination of plastic repair and hydrocortisone therapy under clinical and experimental conditions]. AB - An analysis of 192 experiments has demonstrated that layer-wise plastic repair of osteal-meningeal cerebral injuries helps layer-wise reparation of individual tissues, since the implants serve as guiding membranes for the healing of individual layers of the brain and scull. Hydrocortisone therapy diminishes the development of gross collagen fibers, and causes the formation of a loose glial scar from a wide-looped network of processes of fibrill-forming astrocytes; 127 clinical observations of hydrocortisone therapy with layer-wise plastic repair of the brain and scull, followed-up for to 10 years, demonstrated that this method favours the prevention of epilepsy. PMID- 824819 TI - [Current status of the problem of securing the energy requirements of a patient by the parenteral route]. PMID- 824820 TI - [Use of trasylol in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 824821 TI - [Economic effectiveness of antirecurrence treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 824822 TI - [Comparative determination of cellular reactivity during infection with influenza virus A (H3N2)]. AB - Among 28 strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated from human patients 3 strains were found to be capable of replication in continuous monkey kidney cell cultures. When cells of different origins (PPO, chick embryo chorioallantio membrane, human nasal mucosa) were infected with the virus or when PPO were infected with allantoic or cultural virus strains, the pathological changes were of the same type. No specific inclusions were found in the cells. Adaptation of the virus to PPO cells resulted in inhibition of its hemagglutinating, neuraminidase and interferon-inducing activity and in decrease of thermostability, but the infectious and antgenic properties were retained unchanged. PMID- 824823 TI - [Histochemical study of the activity of several enzymes in the process of immunogenesis in monkeys orally infected with viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex]. AB - The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied histochemically in immunocompetent organs of Macacus rhesus monkeys orally infected with viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex with different biological properties. A gradual increase in the activity of acid phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase was observed by the 10th--15th day of the experiment followed by its decline to normal by 90 days. The content of alkaline phosphatase in lympoid organs diminished markedly in the first day of the study and then increased by 15--30 days after antigenic stimulation. PMID- 824824 TI - Rickets and osteomalacia. PMID- 824825 TI - Scurvy. PMID- 824826 TI - Pellagra. PMID- 824827 TI - Nutrition and health in perspective: an introduction. PMID- 824828 TI - Beriberi. PMID- 824830 TI - Epidemiological principles in nutrition. PMID- 824829 TI - Some other nutritional deficiencies. PMID- 824831 TI - Epidemiology applied to nutrition. PMID- 824832 TI - Nutritional epidemiology: experience and experiment. PMID- 824833 TI - Synergism of malnutrition and infectious disease. PMID- 824834 TI - Some concepts and practical considerations in planning and evaluation. PMID- 824836 TI - Protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 824835 TI - The family unit in health programmes. PMID- 824837 TI - Special nutritional considerations in the urban and peri-urban setting. PMID- 824839 TI - Immunization programmes in the context of prevention of malnutrition. PMID- 824838 TI - Surveillance of the population at risk: the community. PMID- 824840 TI - Nutrition education. PMID- 824841 TI - Supplementary feeding programmes. PMID- 824842 TI - Distribution of vitamin and mineral supplements. PMID- 824843 TI - Nutritional rehabilitation. PMID- 824844 TI - Food production. PMID- 824845 TI - Food marketing. PMID- 824846 TI - Food fortification. PMID- 824847 TI - Processed weaning foods. PMID- 824848 TI - Nutritional aspects of disasters. PMID- 824849 TI - Planning and organization of a national food and nutrition policy. PMID- 824851 TI - Nutritional problems of affluence. PMID- 824850 TI - Physiological and practical considerations of nutrient function and requirements. PMID- 824852 TI - Practical population indicators of health and nutrition. PMID- 824853 TI - The design and use of weight charts in surveillance of the individual. PMID- 824854 TI - Classification and definition of protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 824856 TI - Appraisal of the nutritional status of population groups. PMID- 824855 TI - Nutritional anaemias. PMID- 824857 TI - Xerophthalmia. PMID- 824858 TI - [Familial occurrence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 824859 TI - [Intestinal parasites in monkeys at the Wroclaw Zoo]. PMID- 824860 TI - [Plasma renin activity in essential hypertension: different short- und long-term effects of diuretics (author's transl)]. AB - In an acute clinical trial 12 patients with essential hypertension on a standardized sodium and potassium dietary intake were given either amilorid (10 mg daily, orally) or potassium canrenoate (200 mg daily, i.v.) for two days. Either treatment caused a significant decrease in blood pressure and an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). The aldosterone excretion rate was elevated only in the patients receiving amilorid. Furthermore potassium retention and sodium loss were more pronounced in the amilorid group. Long-term treatment (up to 14 weeks) with amilorid (10 mg daily), spironolactone (200 mg daily) or chlortalidone (50 mg daily) significantly lowered the blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension. Plasma potassium and PRA rose significantly in patients receiving either amilorid or spironolactone. However, after three weeks of therapy the mean PRA returned to the pretreatment level in patients on amilorid while it remained persistently elevated in the spironolactone group. On the other hand, chlortalidone caused potassium loss and persistent elevation of PRA. A possible relationship between the changes in plasma potassium levels and PRA in response to diuretics is discussed. PMID- 824861 TI - [Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in routine clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 824863 TI - [Results of bulboscopy and postbulbar duodenoscopy]. PMID- 824862 TI - [The problem of spinal seizure patterns. Neurotoxic complications after lumbosacral myelography with Conray 60]. PMID- 824865 TI - Immunological adjuvants. Report of a WHO scientific group. PMID- 824864 TI - WHO expert comittee on biological standardization: twenty-seventh report. PMID- 824866 TI - Application of systems analysis to health management: report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 824868 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the new analgesic meptazinol in rats and patas monkeys. AB - 1. The absorption of meptazinol following oral administration to rats and monkeys was extensive, 63-88% of the administered dose being recovered in the urine. However, the rate of absorption was slower in the monkey than that in the rat. 2. Distribution studies showed higher concentrations of unchanged drug in tissues and plasma of rats than in those of monkeys after the same dosage. 3. Elimination of the drug from plasma occurred rapidly in both species. The major route of excretion was the urine, over 60% of the dose appearing in the 0-24 h collection. 4. Metabolism of the drug was extensive, less than 6% being excreted unchanged by either rats or monkeys. The major route of biotransformation in both species was conjugation of parent drug with glucuronic acid. Only male rats exhibited demethylation of the drug. PMID- 824867 TI - Effects of aliphatic chlorohydrocarbons on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver in vivo. AB - 1. Various polychlorinated hydrocarbons were administered intragastrically to rats to examine their effects on the biotransformation capacity of the liver. Due to high toxicity, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane were given at a dose level equivalent to one quarter of that of CCl4 and the other chlorohydrocarbons (i.e. 2-6 mmol/kg). 2. Carbon tetrachloride at 10-3 mmol/kg was the most active in decreasing cytochrome P-450 content and the overall drug hydroxylation activities in rat liver. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was the next most active in decreasing the hepatic drug oxidizing enzymic activities. 3. Expoxide hydratase activity in rat liver declined significantly after CCl4, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane administrations. 4. UDP Glucuronosyltransferase was affected to a lesser extent than the microsomal mono oxygenase or epoxide hydratase by chlorohydrocarbon treatment. PMID- 824869 TI - Metal accumulation by bacteria with particular reference to dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacteria. AB - Dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacteria, genera Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum, exhibit a superior ability, over assimilatory organisms, to extract three amounts of metals from culture media. This property does not appear to be solely a function of the presence of H2S. In media containing elevated amounts of Fe, electron dense particles, provisionally identified as FeS, are deposited within the cells of dissimilatory bacteria. PMID- 824870 TI - Growth and nitrogen fixation of mutants defective in heterocyst differentiation in the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum sp. AB - Three classes of spontaneous and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) induced mutants of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum sp. were isolated in the presence of combined nitrogen. Mutants with complete loss of heterocyst differentiation formed longer filaments than the parent alga and were unable to grow in nitrogen-free medium and to fix nitrogen. The second type of mutants formed long filaments with terminal heterocysts. In the third type of mutants, paired proheterocyst differentiation occurred at regular intervals in long filaments and these were defective in their further development into mature heterocysts. Mutants with decreased heterocyst frequency due to defective differentiation and development showed less growth and nitrogen fixation in nitrogen-free medium than the parent alga. PMID- 824871 TI - [beta-1,3-1,4-Glucanase in spore-forming microorganisms. I. beta-Glucanase production during the growth cycle of Bacillus subtilis (Marburg Yale)]. PMID- 824873 TI - [Old and new view points in the problem of hospitalism]. PMID- 824872 TI - [Experiences in the long-term stationary care of patients with epileptic attacks]. PMID- 824874 TI - [Comparison of the efficiency of a modified Ogawa medium and the media used for culture investigation on tuberculosis in routine (author's transl)]. AB - In cooperation of nine laboratories a modified Ogawa medium containing asparagine was compared with the media used in the GDR for culture investigations on tuberculosis in routine [German Pharmacopoeia (diagnostic laboratory methods) GDR]. The efficiency of the modified Ogawa medium containing asparagine instead of sodiumglutamate was comparable to that of the original Ogawa medium and did not show any better results. By this means it is once more evident that Ogawa medium is an efficient medium for culture on tuberculosis. It is less liable to contamination and easily to be prepared. PMID- 824875 TI - [Behaviour of serum concentrations of glucose, immunoreactive insulin and potassium ions in newborns after long term or crash treatments with Partusisten or Partusisten in combination with Isoptin (author's transl)]. AB - The investigation was done on 50 infants born of metabolic healthy mothers. A group of 10 women received short term treatment with Partusisten and Isoptin. Another 10 were treated over the same period with Partusisten only. A further group of 15 received long term treatment (more than 7 days) with Partusisten and Isoptin and a final group of 15 mothers received placebos. Serum concentrations of glucose, immunoreactive insulin and potassium, together with acid-base-status and other important blood chemistry were determined in mothers and newborns directly postpartum. Blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin and potassium were further determined in the newborns 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours after birth. The results showed that a temporary relative hypoglycaemia occured in the newborns in short term as well as long term treatment with Partusisten or Partusisten in combination with Isoptin. Temporary derangements in insulin glucose equilibrium were also seen in newborns from mothers receiving long term treatment. It was also demonstrated that approximately 1 hour post-partum, blood sugar and immunoreactive insulin of the newborn attained values compatible with normal carbohydrate metabolism. From these results it is indicated that infants born of mothers, who received tocolytic treatments with Partusisten or Partusisten in combination with Isoptin, should be given sodiumbicarbonate and glucose directly after birth. PMID- 824876 TI - [Septic complications of gonorrhea]. AB - Septic gonococcal complications consist in intermittent fever, arthralgia and skin lesions. In recent years predominantly females suffering from this disease were observed. This diagnosis is made by the demonstration of gonococcal infection combined with the above mentioned clinical symptoms. A further confirmation is possible by blood culture and the demonstration of gonococci in skin lesions or joint fluid. PMID- 824877 TI - [Quantitative antigen determination using reverse radial immunodiffusion on slides]. PMID- 824878 TI - [Further studies of the cytoarchitectonic division in the dorsal surface of the lst temporal gyrus of a linguistic genius and 2 anthropoids]. AB - 1. As an addition to already published studies in this journal (BEHEIM 1974) about the cytoarchitectonic divisions in six left human dorsal surfaces, the left and the right dorsal surface of a linguistic genius and of two anthropoids were examined; a second human right dorsal surface was used for a comparison. 2. In all these cases it was possible to confirm the presented in the first article dividing characteristics of the described partitions of the cortex in spite of considerable cytoarchitectonic differences between individuals, as well as, between left and right dorsal surfaces. 3. The linguistic genius (El 9) showed on the left side a striking development of the 2d transverse gyrus by the repetition of two fields and threefold increase of the most interior field of the medial segment with the smallest nerve cells of the tr 2. 4. On the right side El 9 revealed, besides a considerable narrowing of the caudal part of the lst transverse gyrus in the 2nd transverse gyrus, only division into two parts of the medial segment of the gyrus; the most interior field was missing. The caudal field of the tr 2 and regio t par tr were large in comparison with the left side. A similar picture was presented by the right dorsal surface in the case of the highly musical scientist (El 2) in whom the left tr 1 was especially extensive. In both right dorsal surfaces the nerve cells of the tr 1, especially in markedly narrowed caudal part, were very small; the nerve cells of the tr 2 - exclusive tr 2 c - were smaller than on the left side - as much as it was possible to judge without comparative microphotographs; the nerve cells of the tr 2 c appeared to correspond to that on the left side. In regio t par tr the nerve cells, practically of "normal" size, were so severely damaged that it could not be topographically differentiated. 5. In both anthropoids, the topography of the dorsal surfaces was similar to that of the man; in both left sides area tr 1 c could not be subdivided; on the right side the differentiation between the subareae of tr 1 i and tr 1 c was even not possible. In tr 2 on both sides it was possible to divide in two the middle part of the gyrus similarly as in examined human right side; in addition there was a conspicuous extension of the lateral and caudal area of the tr 2. 6. The literature concerning the left-right differences in the dorsal surfaces and about the sensory primary auditory cortex is quoted and discussed. PMID- 824879 TI - [Electron microscopic investigation on the evolution stages of the trophozoite of Didymophyes gigantea (Sporozoa, Gregarinida). I. The fine structure of the proto- and epimerite and the relationship between host and parasite (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of the epimerite and the protomerite of D. gigantea was investigated following the different stages of the evolution of the trophozoite. The first stage is mononucleate and very poor of cytoplasmic structures (Fig. 1). All following stages are polynucleate (Fig. 3). The septum between protomerite and deutomerite appears at the third stage (Fig. 22). The body of the gregarine is in all stages surrounded by a thick cell-wall constituted of three membranes. The limit between epimerite and protomerite is indicated by the existence of an osmiophilic basal ring just under the parasite's cell-wall. This basal ring has a transverse substructure with a periodical distance of 450 A (Fig. 12). The two inner membranes join together just beneath the basal ring, whereas the outer membrane continues and forms the single cell membrane of the epimerite (Fig.9). The epimerite displays a large number of microvillosities and evaginations of the membrane which increase considerably its surface (Figs. 11-14). The epimerite essentially contains ribosomes and mitochondria (Fig.6). The protomerite contains in addition to the usual cell organites cytoplasmic agglomerations consisting of endoplasmic reticulum, ribonucleoprotein and peripheric mitochondria. During evolution from stage IV to V, these agglomerations produce osmiophilic granula of different form and size, most of which are surrounded by an elementary membrane (Fig. 18). Beside these granula one can observe sometimes small spherical or lamellar structures (Fig. 21). Large bundles of microtubules run from the protomerite into the epimerite where they generally branch off and penetrate into the mitochondrial layer (Figs. 6, 19, 20). Between the parasite and the host-cell exists a space, the periparasitic space, without any cytoplasmic inclusions. The cell membrane of the host-cell has in the periparasitic space an outer cell-coat with a ripped pattern (Fig. 13). The microvillosities of the cell membrane disappear at this place. The host-cell cytoplasm displays a large number of microtubules and a fibrillar network (Figs. 13, 14). The importance of these structures for the relationship between parasite and host-cell is discussed. PMID- 824880 TI - [Pyelonephritis from the viewpoint of an internist]. PMID- 824882 TI - [Ultrastructure of the L forms of the gonococcus and its alterations under the influence of kanamycin (an electron microscopic study)]. PMID- 824881 TI - [Electrophysiology of the hippocampus]. PMID- 824883 TI - [Investigations on the development of volatile substances during lipoxygenase linolic-acid-reaction (author's transl)]. AB - During incubation of soja-lipoxygenase with linolic acid, volatile compounds are formed the development of which can be seen in two possible ways:from preformed linolic-acid-hydroperoxides splitproducts arise or volatile substances of different chemical nature are built depending on the reaction conditions like temperature, O2-pressue, partner-concentration etc. By trials with hydroperoxyde decomposing enzymes (peroxidase) and by means of radio-active labelled linolic acid-hydroperoxides the pathways mentioned above were investigated. The results indicate that the volatile compounds are built from by-products; n-hexanal was formed from these by-products as well as from decomposed hydroperoxide. The previously proposed reaction-scheme has this been ascertained by experimental means. PMID- 824885 TI - [Preliminary results of a controlled study of gold and D-penicillamine therapy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (proceedings)]. PMID- 824884 TI - [Interactions between diclofenac and glibenclamide]. AB - 24 diabetic patients, well controlled on Glibenclamid and a standard diet, were randomised for a doubleblind study with Diclofenac und placebo. After 3 days during which the fasting blood sugar and urine sugar were determined, 12 patients received Diclofenac, 12 patients placebo. Determinations of blood and urine sugar of the following 4 days and comparison of the two groups did not reveal any differences. Mean values of blood sugar of the first three days compared with the blood sugar of days of medication did not show significant changes. Considering this investigation it can be assumed that there is no interaction between Glibenclamid and Diclofenac. PMID- 824886 TI - Effect of nisin on the germination and proliferation of spores of some aerobic spore-formers in nutrient medium. PMID- 824887 TI - Effect of nisin in the presence of L-alanine on the germination and outgrowth of B. sublitis spores. PMID- 824888 TI - Effect of nisin on prolonging the keeping quality of pasteurized milk. PMID- 824890 TI - [Presence and significance of mycobacteria in animals (proceedings)]. PMID- 824889 TI - [Septic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 824891 TI - [Pathogenicity factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (proceedings)]. PMID- 824892 TI - [Radioimmunologic demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and corresponding antibody (proceedings)]. PMID- 824893 TI - [In-vitro synergism between beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycoside antibiotics in Pseudomonas, Proteus and Klebsiella (proceedings)]. PMID- 824894 TI - Susceptibility of Streptococcus faecalis to 32 antimicrobial agents. Comparison of patterns in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany. AB - Two hundred and twenty strains of Streptococcus faecalis (103 isolated in Poland and 117 in Federal Republic of Germany), were tested for antibiotic susceptibility to 32 antimicrobial agents by agar dilution technique. Most effective in vitro appeared ampicillin, penicillin G, and a combination (1:1) of penicillin and streptomycin. Partly effective were also macrolide antibiotics, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole and five tetracyclines. Other antibiotics, including five cephalosporin derivatives, five aminoglycoside antibiotics, two lincomycins, two polymyxins, chloramphenicol and fucidin, appeared practically ineffective in vitro. Effectiveness of antimicrobials in vitro was considered on the basis of standard bioavailability of antimicrobial agents. No differences in antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of any practical significance were found, when strains isolated in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany were compared. PMID- 824896 TI - Susceptibility of clinically important gram-negative bacilli to 15 antibiotics. Comparison of patterns in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany. AB - Three hundred and sixty strains of Gram-negative bacilli (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), were isolated by random in Poland and Germany, and tested by agar dilution method for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents, including six cephalosporin derivatives, colistin, gentamycin and tobramycin, three newer tetracyclines, ampicillin and carbenicillin, and a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. This investigation revealed existence of growing antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to all antimicrobial agents. A detailed analysis of this problem is described and a list of agents effective in vitro is presented. Some evidence has been found concerning possible existence of geographical differences in antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of strains of Gram negative bacilli, isolated in Poland and Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 824895 TI - [A comparison of antibiotic resistance patterns and pyocine types between strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from animal and human sources (author's transl)]. AB - 291 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from human bacteriological samples were compared with 102 strains which had been isolated from animals for frequency of pyocine-types and patterns of antibiotic resistance. 146 strains had been isolated from hospitalized patients and 145 from out-patients. More strains of animal origin were sensitive to carbenicillin and tetracyclines compared to strains of human origin. Since the frequency of different pyocine-types is the same in all three groups, it is concluded, that antibiotic resistance may be transferred from man to animal and vice versa via transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 824898 TI - [On the bactericidal action of dibromoisocyanuric acid; experiments concerning the disinfection of hands (author's transl)]. AB - The action of dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI), C12, Br2, trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) and chloramine T against Staph. aureus SG 511 was compared. Using the suspension test DBI and Br2 showed the strongest, chloramine T however, the weakest bactericidal power (Tab 2). Under the conditions of the "Hygienic disinfection of hands" a 0.005 M solution of DBI met the requirements specified in the "Richtlinien fur die Prufung chemischer Desinfektionsmittel" (3. Ed., Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1972), and was comparable to a chloramine T solution containing the same amount of active halogen (Tab. 3). The decrease of disinfection power compared with the suspension test can be attributed to a great error induced by protein. PMID- 824897 TI - The autoinhibition activity of some microbial species. AB - Studies revealed that during the process of their reproduction some microorganisms produce substances inhibiting the development of the own populations. A method was developed to establish the phenomenon, distinguished by its simple application and dependable results. The phenomenon was noted with the species Staphylococcus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonealla, and E. coli, and was lacking in P. multocida, Brucella, Ery. rhusiopathiae, Bac. anthracis, and Bac. subtilis. It was found that the agent capable of producing an autoinhibitory effect in Staphylococcus epidermidis had no protein character. The term microbial autoinhibition is suggested to denote a phenomenon in which the own populations of a given strain of one and the same species of microorganisms are inhibited in their development by an agent produced by the strain itself. PMID- 824899 TI - Statistical data on 370 cattle tumors collected over the years 1964--1973 in South Bohemia. PMID- 824900 TI - Changes of functional state of liver, thymus and adrenals, in cold acclimatized white rats. PMID- 824901 TI - Enzyme activities in normal and inflamed bovine udder tissues. PMID- 824902 TI - The validity of the "ultra-sonic method" for pregnancy diagnosis in ewes and goats. PMID- 824903 TI - The chelating power of Ambihlar with body iron. PMID- 824904 TI - Equine infectious anemia. Pyruvate kinase deficiency in the red cells of thoroughbred horses. PMID- 824905 TI - [Experimental studies on the prophylaxis and therapy of rumen acidosis]. PMID- 824906 TI - [Neuritis of the cauda equina in the horse under the electron microscope. Further elucidation of the pathogenesis]. PMID- 824907 TI - [Heart and circulatory parameters of beagles under Na-pentobarbital anesthesia]. PMID- 824908 TI - [Prostaglandins as an aid in controlling reproductive functions in cattle, sheep and swine. I. Nature and mode of action of prostaglandins]. PMID- 824909 TI - [Prostaglandins as an aid in controlling reproductive functions in cattle, sheep and swine. II. Control of estrus]. PMID- 824910 TI - [Prostaglandins as an aid in controlling reproductive functions in cattle, sheep and swine. III. Labor induction]. PMID- 824911 TI - Effect of different semen diluents on survival of ram spermatozoa at 5 degrees C. PMID- 824912 TI - Aseptic castration in rams. PMID- 824913 TI - [The effect of alkaline phosphatase injections in zinc deficiency]. PMID- 824914 TI - [Compartment analysis, a method for the study of the kinetics of metabolism]. PMID- 824915 TI - Clinical, blood picture and pathomorphological studies on experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs. PMID- 824916 TI - Seasonal changes in the blood picture of adult pheasants. PMID- 824917 TI - [Comparison of the electrophysiologic characteristics of retino-collicular and retino-thalamo-cortical divisions of the visual system of Macaca rhesus monkeys]. AB - In chronic and acute experiments under nembutal anaesthesia, studies have been made on the evoked potentials (EP) elicited by light stimuli in the colliculus superior and in the visual cortex (area 17). It was found that under chronic experiments the EP in the colliculus superior and visual cortex exhibit close (12 +/- 1 and 12 +/- 2 msec. respectively) latent periods; refractory periods determined by paired flashes for both of the parts are equal to 50--70 msec. Critical frequency for EP reproduction of rhythmic flashes in both visual centers is also identical, reaching 20--25/sec. EP with a short latent period equal to that of the EP in the visual cortex were also detected in the frontal and motor cortex, as well as in the hippocamp. The problem of telencephalization of the retinotectal path of the visual system is discussed. PMID- 824918 TI - [Adsorption of different cell cultures on colonies of M. hominis]. AB - A study was made of sorption of 6 continuous lines of cells on the colonies of 55 M. hominis strains isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. M. hominis proved to be capable of sorbing various cell cultures on the colonies. The sorption depended on the type of the culture. The greatest sorption capacity was possessed by the cells of human origin --FL and HeLa. M. hominis strains under study differed by their capacity to cell sorbtion. The method of cell sorption on the colonies can be suggested for the determination of heterogeneity of the population and of the intrastrain differences in M. hominis. PMID- 824919 TI - [Neuraminidase activity of N. meningitidis]. AB - The work was aimed at the study of the neuraminidase activity of meningococci. The optimal conditions for detection of this enzyme in meningococci were chosen preliminarily. In experiments carried out with the observance of these conditions it was shown that meningococci of the main serological groups possessed neuraminidase activity revealed in the exponential growth phase of the microorganisms and was apparently of great pathogenetic significance providing a possibility of overcoming the physiological barrier of the host organism by the microbes. PMID- 824920 TI - [Pathogenic properties of bacteria of the subtilis--mesentericus group]. PMID- 824921 TI - [Relationship between the cytophilic properties of rabbit tetanus antitoxin IgG and its ability to neutralize toxin]. PMID- 824922 TI - Ribosomal proteins from vegetative hyphae and from spores of Streptomyces griseus. AB - Ribosomes from vegetative cells and spores of Streptomyces griseus have been used to prepare ribosomal proteins for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differences in the gel electrophoretic profile of proteins from vegetative cells and spore ribosomes can be detected. Spore ribosomes were stable during the isolation process, but in the case of vegetative cell ribosomes it was necessary to use protease inhibitor to obtain reproducible results. Suspensions of washed ribosomes of vegetative hyphae have higher proteolytic activity than ribosomes from spores. PMID- 824923 TI - Studies on hepatic function in the male langur (presbytis entellus entellus) following the administration of alpha-chlorohydrin. AB - 1. ALPHA-Chlorohydrin, an inhibitor of spermatogenesis in langur (Presbytis entellus entellus) has been studied to ascertain whether any disturbance of liver function occurred in long term treatment with this compound. 2. Serum aminotransferase remained within normal limits while oral administration of alpha chlorohydrin (13 mg/kg) were being taken. In subcutaneous treatment, the serum aminotransferases were being raised during the period of administration, but returned to normal after cessation of drug administration. 3. The alkaline phosphatase levels were in normal range. 4. alpha-Chlorohydrin administration elevated the liver and plasma cholesterol levels. 5. The compound is a hypoglycaemic agent. A "sweet contraceptive" is an attractive proposition. PMID- 824925 TI - TRH-degrading enzyme activity in peripheral and pituitary-portal plasma of the rat. AB - The enzymatic degradation of TRH was measured in peripheral and pituitary-portal plasma. Enzyme activity in peripheral plasma was 3.20 pg/min/mug plasma protein; in pituitary-portal plasma the rate of degradation was only 0.83 pg/min/mug protein. After dialysis, which removed virtually all endogenous TRH and LHRH, enzyme activity in peripheral and portal plasma was 2.24 and 0.60 pg/min/mug respectively. These data suggest that portal plasma contains large concentrations of unidentified substances which are competitive inhibitors or substrates for the enzyme or that portal plasma contains less TRH-degrading enzyme. PMID- 824924 TI - Effect of intravenous fat emulsion on hepatic bile. Increased lithogenicity and crystal formation. AB - Hepatic bile from a series of patients with non-functioning gallbladders treated with an intravenous infusion of fat emulsion during prolonged preoperative fast was compared with that of controls. After the fat emulsion the bile was found to contain rhomboid tetragonal crystals whereas that of controls did not. It also contained polygonal crystals which showed Maltese crosses in polarized light. These crystals were also absent in the controls. Bile from cholecystectomized patients did not contain rhomboid cholesterol crystals after the infussion of fat but the occasional presence of polygonal crystals was noted. In both series of patients the infusion of fat resulted in increased lithogenicity of bile. PMID- 824926 TI - Amyloid fibril protein of light chain type from the muscle in a patient with amyloidosis. PMID- 824927 TI - Orbital malignancies in infancy and childhood in Denmark. Recommendations for diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 824928 TI - Selective habituation of vestibular nystagmus by visual stimulation in the monkey. AB - Four monkeys were exposed to a series of unidirectional rotating visual fields, of the type known to produce circularvection in man. As in the human case, the vestibulo-ocular reflex for rotation in the direction of the optokinetic nystagmus and circularvection during the preceding visual stimulation--was markedly decreased following that visual stimulation, whereas that in the opposite direction was increased. This finding corresponds to the results of nystagmus and psychophysical circularvection experiments on man. It suggests a link between single unit studies performed under identical conditions in monkey and psychophysical investigations. PMID- 824929 TI - A new anti-allergic drug, ICI 74.917 aerosol. AB - Ten hay fever patients were challenged intranasally with allergen before, half an hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after intranasal use of disodium cromoglycate powder, placebo and ICI 74.917, a new serosoled compound with anti-allergic action. The new compound showed a maximum protective effect after half an hour, and a significant difference was found also after 2 hours, and a significant difference was found also after 2 hours. The effect was also significantly better than that of disodium cromoglycate powder. The results were positive enough to make further human studies of ICI 74.917 desirable. PMID- 824930 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues (PCB and DDT) in human liver, adipose tissue and brain in Finland. PMID- 824931 TI - UDP glucuronosyltransferase and mixed function oxidase activity in microsomes prepared by differential centrifugation and calcium aggregation. AB - Microsomes were prepared from the liver, kidney and lung of phenobarbital or 20 methylcholanthrene treated and control rats with the conventional ultracentrifugation and calcium aggregation methods. The two methods were compared as to the yield of microsomal protein, amount of cytochrome P-450/448 and activity of UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE, BENZOPYRENE HYDROXYLASE AND P NITROANISOLE O-demethylase. The absolute amount of cytochrome P-450/448 (nmol/g wet weight), as well as the enzymatic activities dependent on it (nmol produced/g wet weight) did not differ significantly in any tissue of either treated or control animals nor did that of UDPglucuronosyltransferase. However, the ultracentrifugation method resulted in a slightly smaller yield of the hepatic microsomal protein and a correspondingly higher yield of cytochrome P-450/448 per mg protein as well as higher specific enzymatic activities of both the consecutive drug biotransformation reactions studied. The specific activity of UDPglucuronosyltransferase in digitonin treated microsomes was twice as high in the conventional microsomes as in the calcium aggregated microsomes; no differences was found in the trypsin treated microsomes. The specific activity of the hepatic benzpyrene hydroxylase of the benzpyrene treated animals in the calcium harvested microsomes was 55 per cent of that in the ultracentrifugated microsomes. PMID- 824932 TI - B.C.P. Jansen Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AB - In a patient with Fabry's disease who had undergone kidney transplantation to correct uremia, the neutral glycosphingolipids and alpha-galactosidase activity have been measured in plasma and urine and, 9 months later, after the death of the patient, in autopsy material. After transplantation, there was no significant increase in alpha-galactosidase activity in plasma; the activity found never exceeded 3% of the mean control value. A striking parallelism was found during the follow-up period in the increase and decrease of trihexosylceramide and globoside and also of glucosylceramide and dihexosylceramide. The alpha galactosidase activity in spleen and liver was as low as that observed in untreated Fabry hemizygotes. These data and those obtained from autopsy material provide evidence that renal transplantation does not lead to a specific enzymic breakdown of trihexosylceramide in Fabry patients. However, no trihexosylceramide accumulation was observed in the transplanted kidney. PMID- 824933 TI - Lymphatic leukemia and malignant lymphoma in the adult. A clinicopathologic study of their interrelationship. PMID- 824934 TI - Workload levels, program costs, and program benefits: an output value analysis. AB - This study analyzes the relationship between program performance and workload levels. The results indicate that program effectiveness is highest under medium workloads while efficiency is greatest under high workloads. The management dilemma resulting from these findings is discussed. PMID- 824935 TI - Surgery of astigmatism. PMID- 824936 TI - Renal prostaglandins. AB - 1. Renal prostaglandins act primarily as local hormones, having their effects at, or near to, sites of synthesis. PGE2 is a major determinant of renal vascular reactivity; it opposes the vasoconstrictor and natriuretic actions of pressor hormones and brakes the release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves. In the unanaesthetized rabbit prolonged inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis results in hypertension. In the rat, however, renal prostaglandins augment pressor stimuli. 2. Basal efflux of renal prostaglandins is positively correlated with blood flow to the inner cortex and medulla. Those stimuli which increase renal medullary blood flow do so primarily by activating prostaglandin synthetase. 3. Kinins increase prostaglandin synthesis which action modifies the renal effects of kinins. Thus, one or more renal prostaglandins contribute to the renal vasodilator action of bradykinin and mediate its effect on excretion of water as well as possibly attenuating the natriuretic action of the polypeptide. Kinins in addition to stimulating prostaglandin synthesis may determine the principal product of synthetase by regulating the enzyme PGE 9-ketoreductase, which converts PGE to PGF. The coupling of these systems within the kidney appears unique--prostaglandins mediate some of the actions of kinins and modulate others, whereas they depend on the intrarenal generation of kinins to set their level and type of activity. PMID- 824937 TI - Inhibition by metal-chelating agents and by catalase of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 824938 TI - Antiinflammatory agents and inhibition of ocular prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 824939 TI - Part II. The systemic treatment of gallstones. PMID- 824940 TI - [Studies on the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs). (2) Scanning electron microscopic studies on the corrosion casts of the RPCs (author's transl)]. PMID- 824942 TI - [Angiographic study of experimental occlusion of posterior ciliary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 824941 TI - [The site of action of prostaglandin E1 and paracentesis on the disruption of blood-aqueous barrier in the monkey eye: a light- and electron-microscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 824943 TI - [Studies on choroidal circulation. Report II: Comparative studies of infrared absorption angiography with fluorescein angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 824944 TI - [Ultrastructural observations of the retinal pigment epithelial cells following experimental occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery in the rhesus monkey. I. Early changes of the damaged retinal pigment epithelial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 824945 TI - [Three-dimensional view of retinal capillary (author's transl)]. PMID- 824946 TI - [Observations on the corrosion casts of the choriocapillaries of enzyme-induced glaucomatous eye of rhesus monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 824947 TI - The social security enigma. PMID- 824948 TI - Pseudomonas infections. PMID- 824949 TI - False-positive reactions of cerebrospinal fluid and diluted sera with the coccidioidal latex-agglutination test. AB - Most samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 49 patients with or without coccidioidomycosis yielded positive agglutination with the Hyland ("CM") latex particle agglutination test. Furthermore, simple dilution of sera from patients with or without coccidioidomycosis yielded a strong agglutination reaction with the latex particle agglutination test reagent. These reactions were found with three lots of the latex-particle agglutination test reagent. One lot latex particles was found to give agglutination reactions merely by addition of saline solution or water, though a second lot did not. It is advisable, therefore, that the latex-particle agglutination test not be applied to cerebrospinal fluid, and that it be applied cautiously, particularly with diluted sera. PMID- 824950 TI - Nevus unius lateralis and brain tumor. AB - A patient with linear nevi of the right side of the neck had right hemiparesis of gradual onset. At surgery, a "mixed glioma" was removed from the left parietal region. PMID- 824951 TI - Contribution of clinical pharmacists to patient care. AB - Literature reports of the contributions of clinical pharmacists to patient care are reviewed. The topics covered are: clinical pharmacist functions in the drug use process, specific clinical activities of clinical pharmacists, and specialty areas of clinical pharmacy practice. It is concluded that more research needs to be done on the effectiveness and legal basis of clinical pharmacy services, and that adequate methods of payment for clinical pharmacy services must be developed. PMID- 824952 TI - Evaluation of a glucose oxidase procedure. AB - A commerical adaptation of Trinder's glucose oxidase procedure for glucose determination was evaluated by regression analysis. Excellent correlation was found between the glucose oxidase procedure and a hexokinase procedure. Good correlation was observed between an AutoAnalyzer I, the SMA 12/60, and a Beckman Glucose Analyzer, all utilizing variations of the glucose oxidase procedure. This combination provides a system that can handle screening, routine, and emergency requests in essentially the same manner and with comparable true glucose results. No interference was found with common anticoagulants and preservatives. Boehringer Mannheim Corporation's kit for glucose determinations appears to be of equivalent quality to the original method as outlined by Trinder and evaluated by others. PMID- 824953 TI - The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. II. Alterations of microbial flora. AB - Preoperative cultures of the endocervix were taken on 93 women who subsequently underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and received a 5 day course of either prophylactic cephalosporins or placebo. Postoperative cultures of the vaginal apex were taken on 86 of these women 5 days after surgery, i.e. 1 day after the cessation of study medication. Comparisons of the preoperative and postoperative flora in both the active drug and placebo groups as well as comparisons between the postoperative flora of the drug group and that of the placebo group were made. Postoperative alterations of bacterial flora occurred whether or not the patient received prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 824954 TI - The transfusion of Rh-positive blood into Rh-negative women. AB - The incidence of occurrence of transfusion of Rh-positive blood into Rh-negative individuals is unknown at the present time. A survey was designed to ascertain this information for the 12 month period ending March 31, 1974. Replies were obtained from 2,286 transfusion facilities in the United States. A total of 203 patients were reported to have received Rh-incompatible transfusions during the interval studied. Of these, 44 were women 49 years of age or under. Slightly more than half the women who received Rh-positive blood were treated with Rho (D) immune globulin. Those who received an adequate dose did not develop antibodies when appropriately tested. Twenty-five per cent of those who received an inadequate dose of Rh-immune globulin developed antibodies. Forty-two per cent of those receiving no Rh-immune globulin prophylaxis were noted to have antibodies. PMID- 824956 TI - Comparison of vision screening by lay and professional personnel. AB - A previously described vision screening procedure was administered to 652 elementary school children, using lay volunteers. These students were later screened by optometrists, using the Modified Clinical Technique (MCT). Using MCT as the standard, the lay screening correctly identified 90% of the children; the incorrect identifications included 28 children (4.3%) as false negatives and 36 children (5.5%) as false positives. Analysis indicates a lower cost for the combined lay and professional screening than for professional screening alone. PMID- 824955 TI - Fetal lung lecithin metabolism and the amniotic fluid L/S ratio in rhesus monkey gestations. AB - The amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in normal rhesus monkey pregnancies exhibits a distribution through the latter half of gestation similar to that seen in human pregnancies. Changes in the synthesis and concentration of lecithin in the fetal lung, measured both in vitro and in vivo, are paralleled by changes in the amniotic fluid L/S ratio. Both the amniotic fluid L/S ratio and fetal lung lecithin concentration increase significantly (p less than 0.001) in the final 10 per cent of rhesus monkey gestation, and there is a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between these two indices of fetal lung lecithin metabolism. Moreover, the onset of these late gestational changes is temporally related to increased activity of the major pathway of de novo lung lecithin synthesis and to the ability of the preterm rhesus newborn infants to remain free of respiratory symptoms after delivery by cesarean section. We conclude that the amniotic fluid L/S ratio is a valid indicator of fetal pulmonary phospholipid metabolism and, therefore, an accurate index of biochemical pulmonary maturity. PMID- 824957 TI - Estimation of tissue protein synthesis in rats fed diets labeled with (U 14C)tyrosine. AB - The rate of liver and muscle protein synthesis has been measured in 27 rats after feeding L-[U-14C]tyrosine in L-amino acid diets prepared as agar gels. Constant specific activity of the free tyrosine pool, as indicated by constant excretion of 14CO2, was reached within 2 h of feeding and was maintained for the remaining 6 h of the 8-h experiment. Muscle protein synthesis was decreased (P less than 0.05) in rats fed a 0.3% methionine diet compared with rats fed this diet supplemented with 0.51% cystine (fractional rate of synthesis, ks: 0.098 vs. 0.121). No effect (P greater than 0.05) of these diets on liver protein synthesis was observed (ks: 0.603 vs. 0.532). Protein synthetic rate was also determined by the constant-intravenous infusion technique in 17 rats fed unlabeled diets. The two techniques gave similar estimates. Restraint of the rats or the infusion of saline had no measurable effect on the rate of protein synthesis in rats fed labeled diets. This feeding technique is essentially equivalent to the constant infusion technique and offers an easier, more physiological approach to achieving a steady state. PMID- 824959 TI - Motor innervation of the toad iris (Bufo marinus). AB - The sphincter pupillae muscle cells in the iris of Bufo marinus contract autonomously in response to bright light, causing a rapid constriction of the pupil. A strong sympathetic beta-adrenergic inhibition of the sphincter pupillae is apparent in this species. The inhibitory fibers can originate in the second, third, or fourth ventral spinal roots. No strong, consistent excitatory innervation of the toad iris was detected, even by transmural stimulation of the isolated iris. Pupilloconstriction occasionally resulted from stimulation of the 3rd or 5th cranial nerves, but the effect was small (10-20% of the magnitude of the light response) and inconsistent. It therefore appears that the toad must regulate pupillary diameter by balancing myogenic contraction, in direct response to light, against neurogenic (sympathetic) relaxation of the sphincter pupillae. PMID- 824958 TI - Additive inhibition of renal bicarbonate reabsorption by maleate plus acetazolamide. AB - The effects of two potent inhibitors of renal bicarbonate reabsorption--maleate and acetazolamide--were investigated in the rat using clearance techniques. Acetazolamide given in high dose (50 mg/kg body wt) inhibited fractional bicarbonate reabsorption by ca. 30%, maleate (2.58 nmol/kg body wt) by 25%, and maleate plus acetazolamide by 54-72%. GFR was depressed, and urine volume was increased by both drugs in an additive manner. Maleate was equally effective as inhibitor of HCO3- reabsorption in the presence and absence of carbonic anhydrase activity. It is suggested that the site of action of both drugs is predominantly proximal, but they act on different steps in the transcellular HCO3- transport. A hypothetical mechanism of maleate action is presented, which takes into account the changes in passive HCO3- flux through the basolateral membrane. PMID- 824960 TI - Social rehabilitation of separation-induced depressive disorders in monkeys. AB - The authors studied a group of four monkeys reared together, repeatedly separated from each other, and then exposed to another group of four monkeys reared in surrogate-peer groups who acted as therapists. The study group was compared with the therapist monkeys, a group exposed to the same separations but not to the therapist monkeys, a control group that experienced no separations, and two additional groups of stimulus animals. The authors' findings indicate that monkeys showing depressive begaviors after repeated separations can be returned to age-appropriate social performance through repeated exposure to socially active age-mates. PMID- 824961 TI - Program evaluation techniques in the health services. AB - This article addresses the issue of program evaluation in the area of health services; examples are drawn from the field of mental health. Current arguments concerning the goals, characteristics, and methodologies of program evaluation are discussed and two generally useful quantitative evaluation models are presented. The models are compared and their advantages for clinicians and administrators are detailed. PMID- 824962 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa serogroup 11 and pool-associated skin rash. AB - The isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serogroup 11, from the skin lesions of bathers and from public whirlpools during outbreaks of pool-associated rash illness raises the question of whether the association is an etiologic one and if so what accounts for it. We suggest that a particular environmental adaptation of some strains of Pseudomonas and certain virulence factors they possess may enhance their pathogenic potential. PMID- 824963 TI - The prevention and treatment of ankle injuries. PMID- 824964 TI - Treatment of ankle sprains by simultaneous use of intermittent compression and ice packs. PMID- 824965 TI - Prevention of ankle sprains. PMID- 824966 TI - A treatment for ankle sprains. PMID- 824967 TI - Unstable ankle fractures in athletes. PMID- 824968 TI - From ancient to modern medicine: an evolution of cost-effective management. PMID- 824969 TI - Biliary stricture: a continuing study. AB - Fortunately, benign stricture is becoming a much less frequently encountered problem in biliary surgery. This must be largely explained by repetitious warnings in the literature and by teachers during the past thirty years. Our efforts now perhaps should be directed toward early recognition and treatment of ductal injuries before irreversible liver injury has occurred. Use of solutions to flush ducts and stents warrants further study, and the use of percutaneous replaceable stents along with biliary solvents in the hope that better prognosis of such fibroses ducts is justified. The true morbidity and mortality of biliary stricture cannot be accurately known unless a group of patients can be accurately followed throughout their entire lifetime when a final appraisal can be made. PMID- 824970 TI - Perforated diverticula of the jejunum and lleum. AB - Over a ten year period, four patients with inflammation or perforation of non Meckelian, small intestinal diverticula were treated on the surgical services of Bellevue Hospital. This entity remains uncommon but may be increasing in incidence. The patients presented with a short history of severe abdominal pain, usually accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Each patient also gave a longer preceding history of less well defined abdominal symptoms. The pathogenesis of the small intestinal diverticula is uncertain but may be related to disturbed muscular peristalsis in the small bowel analogous to the changes implicated in esophageal and colonic diverticular disease. The diverticulum may be difficult to demonstrate at operation, and careful exploration for this possibility should be carried out at the time of operation for peritonitis of obscure origin. Segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis is the treatment of choice. PMID- 824971 TI - Insulin loss in parenteral nutrition systems. PMID- 824973 TI - A rapid method for the purification of beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus by affinity chromatography. PMID- 824972 TI - A milligram-preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis apparatus providing reduced eluate dilution. PMID- 824974 TI - A study of indirect methods of assay for diamine oxidase. PMID- 824976 TI - Esophageal perforation of unusual etiology. PMID- 824975 TI - Surface ultrastructure of preimplantation baboon embryos. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study baboon preimplantation embryos 3 to 5 days E.F.A. (estimated fertilization age), ranging from about 16 to more than 60 cells. The peripheral blastomers were covered with microvilli scattered on the convex outer surface and along the borders of the intercellular furrows. In younger morulae, some longer microvilli may bridge over the furrow separating contiguous blastomeres. A few blastomeres showed poorly developed microvilli. Blastomeres of smaller diameter than the others may arise from more recent cleavage. Cell junctions as well as small intercellular spaces were noted at the apposition of the blastomere plasma membranes whereas surface intercellular ridges were not observed. PMID- 824977 TI - [Epidemiological and immunological study of human scabies]. AB - The scabies epidemy being observed since 1965, had developed from persistent endemic centres and pursues continuous the cyclic course of the scabies humanis in periods of 15 to 20 years. The intracutaneous tests with antigens of Notoedres alepis show a cross antigenity with the antigens of Sarcoptes scabiei and a sensibility of patients suffering from scabies. These tests have a diagnostical value. The antigens of Notoedres alepis are free of antigens from human epidermis.--The results support the theory of immunity for the interpretation of the cyclic course of the scabies, whereas wars and social and hygienic nuisances only have a modifying influence, and promiscuity, Sarcoptotoxicity of environment and others have no deciding importance. PMID- 824978 TI - [Development of resistance in Pharaoh's ant (Monomorium pharaonis)]. AB - The possibility of resistance development in the pharaoh's ant Monomorium pharaonis in regard to insecticides and chemosterilants in general and in the special case of sodium arsenate is discussed. The low number of sexuals and the long duration of generations reduced the possibility of the development of resistance in social insects to a great extent. Although the pharaoh's ant offers relatively good possibilities for the selection of resistance on account of the polygyny, the duration of generations in the range of a whole year under field conditions and the isogeny of the colonies diminished the development of resistance. Experimental investigations for the selection of resistance to sodium arsenate in laboratory colonies with artificially shortened sequence of generations are presented. Following six generations, no enlargement of tolerance or true resistance but a clear sensitivity could be stated. This sensitivity leads to an eradication of the colonies. It is pointed out, that in pharaoh's ant a development of resistance against the lethal action of sodium arsenate and carbaryl is impossible, because of the protection mechanism of the social food chain. PMID- 824979 TI - [Effect of insecticides on larvae of Musca domestica in swine manure],. AB - The effectiveness of four inorganic compounds and six preparations of insecticides was examined on larvae of Musca domestica in pig manure. The activity of sodiumfluoride and chlorinated hydrocarbons was low. Carbaryl indicated better effect. Good to very good results showed trichlofon and bromophos and the inorganic compounds sodium hexafluorsilicate, sodium tetraborate and calcium cyanamid. The influence of calcium cyanamid and sodium tetraborate led to considerable morphological deformations of pupae. With the latter compound and with fluorides a distinct prolongation of period of development was established in comparison with control. The effect of trichlorfon and bromophos decomposes rapily in pig manure. With trichlorfon an indirect ovicide effect was observed. PMID- 824981 TI - [Impact, on blood and tissue lipids, of an artificial lipid emulsion combined with essential amino acids and sorbitol, used in humans in exclusive parenteral feeding]. AB - The effects of a complete parenteral feeding of long duration were studied in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit for an affection requiring this type of alimentation or presenting a state of irreversible prolonged coma. We used the Trive 1000 (EGIC Laboratories) which is a soya oil emulsion combined with essential amino-acides and with Sorbitol. The caloric intake was completed by glucose-solutes mixed with the indispensable vitamins andoligo-elements. Repeated blood-balances, biopsies of the panniculus adiposus and takings of organs (whenever a death occured) were carried out. The after-effects of this type of alimentation were studied in the blood and in the tissues: 1 = On the level of the lipometabolism, the absence of significant modifications in the different categories of lipids and plasmatic lipoproteins shows the quality of the injected fat elimination. On the tissular level, the collecting of alimentary fats is studied from the point of the lipase - lipoprotein activity and the quantitative and qualitive variations of the main classes of lipids. 2 - On the level of the blood biological constants, certain irregularities were noticed, the meaning of which is being discussed. PMID- 824982 TI - [Comparison of certain commercial immune plates used for the assay of alpha 1 antitrypsin]. AB - Commercial immune plates for determination of alpha-1-antitrypsin levels were compared. The coefficient of variation of determinations of alpha-1-antitrypsin varied from one lot to another, even for immune plates of the same origin. The consequences of this observation are discussed. PMID- 824980 TI - Cardiac asthma--its origin, recognition and management. AB - Bronchospasm due to cardiac disease results from increased pulmonary capillary pressure and impaired lymphatic drainage. Bronchospasm can usually be attributed to cardiac disease if physical and roentgenographic examination support the diagnosis of cardiac failure. The latter is especially helpful in revealing interstitial edema and redistribution of blood flow to the upper lobes. Therapy is directed at decreasing lung water, improving gas exchange and searching for the underlying mechanism of cardiac failure. PMID- 824983 TI - [Simple and rapid technic of grouping of streptococci]. AB - The authors propose a simple and rapid technique of grouping of streptococci. Streptococcal extracts were obtained by the action of nitrous acid at laboratory temperature. Serogrouping was carried out by electro-immunodiffusion. A study was made of 200 strains of hospital origin. The qualities of specificity and sensitivity of the method proposed are emphasized. PMID- 824984 TI - Dermatophilosis in a titi monkey (Callicebus moloch). AB - The occurrence of dermatophilosis in the titi monkey is reported. Lesions were principally in the epidermis of the skin and were characterized by parakeratosis, necrosis, abscess formation, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis. The cause, Dermatophilus congolensis, was demonstrated as a gram-positive filamentous organism with both horizontal and vertical septums. PMID- 824985 TI - Laboratory summary of Brucella isolations and typing: 1975. AB - During 1975 (FY), isolation or typing procedures (or both) were performed on 2,799 specimens for brucellae. Of the 517 brucellae isolated or typed from cattle, 447 (86.4%) were Brucella abortus, biotype 1. PMID- 824986 TI - Certain chemical and biological properties of phenol extracts from Listeria monocytogenes. AB - A toxic component obtained by phenol extraction of Listeria monocytogenes 9-125 was found to have a molecular weight of about 2 X 10(6). This material was composed of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, phosphorus, and a component resembling 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate. Infrared spectrums indicated that similarities existed between this material and Salmonella abortus-equi lipopolysaccharide. Mild acid hydrolysis produced water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with aqueous phase extracts were agglutinated by antiserums against the whole listerial cells. Further, lethality tests conducted in chicken embryos showed that this component was toxic to them. PMID- 824987 TI - Occupational asthma due to California red wood (Sequoia sempervirens) dusts. AB - Two patients with occupational asthma due to California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) sawdust are described. They developed specific immediate and late asthmatic reactions after occupational-type exposure tests to this wood dust. In one patient the immediate asthmatic reaction was inhibited by pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate and atropine; however, the late asthmatic reaction was only partially inhibited by disodium cromoglycate and was not affected by atropine. Low molecular weight chemical compounds present in the redwood may be responsible for the symptoms. PMID- 824988 TI - Management of gastroenteric anastomotic disruption. PMID- 824989 TI - Adjacent malignant schwannoma and neurofibroma of intrathoracic vagus. AB - A 24-year-old man with neurofibromatosis and adjacent malignant schwannoma and neurofibroma of an intrathoracic vagus is reported. He survived for eight months, developing massive recurrence three months after surgical extirpation. Review of the 13 previously documented patients with neurofibroma of the intrathoracic vagus indicates that most patients have neurofibromatosis. The thickest portion of the intrathoracic vagi, the proximal portions and most often the left nerve, is the site of predilection. In about half, multiple neurofibromata of the nerve may be present. Malignant schwannoma of the mediastinum is discussed and it would appear that neurofibromatosis is not a predisposing factor. PMID- 824990 TI - Conservation in hospital resource use: treatment of pneumonias. An investigation of care in four hospitals over the past decade. AB - An investigation of patient care in four hospitals compared levels of resource use between 1964 and 1974 for patients with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. Results showed a decreased length of stay in all hospitals. Unique patterns of increases and decreases existed in each hospital for the changing use of diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Reduction in dollar value of length of stay was larger in all cases than increases in dollar value of diagnostic and therapeutic resource use. This resulted in an overall reduction in hospital resource charges over the decade, when 1974 dollar values were used. Large increases in diagnostic or therapeutic resources (up to 217%) were reflected as only minor increases in the partial hospital bill over the decade ( less than 11%). Increased intensity of resource use has contributed to increasing per-day charges of up to 27%, in the face of recent average cost rises of more than 10 times that size for daily hospital expenses. PMID- 824991 TI - Thyroid gland and uremia. PMID- 824993 TI - [Biological characteristics of the spirulines]. AB - The biological characteristics of Spirulina are reported in this study. The cellular structure and photosynthetic membrane structure of Spirulina (Cyanoschizophyta) were viewed by electron microscopy after freeze-etching. Special characteristics of the alga, its ecological behavior in natural carbonated water and its energetic behaviou in the laboratory cultures are also reported. PMID- 824992 TI - [Production and characteristic constituents of the algae Spirulina platensis and maxima]. AB - Microscopic blue-green Spirulina algae, such as have been consumed since ancient times, are algae having a very high protein content (70 p. 100 of dry matter). At present the Spirulina platensis species in the Kanem region in Chad is gathered by primitive methods, sold in the marketplace and consumed by the local population. The Spirulina maxima species exists in a seminatural state in Mexico City, and an industrial pilot plant harvests and produces one ton per day. Both species, Sp. platensis and maxima, can be cultivated in the same way in a controlled synthetic medium in large-area basins. Whether these Spirulina come from a natural medium or synthetic culture basin, harvesting includes the successive stages of concentration, filtration and washing followed by drying done in a conventional manner. The characteristic constituents of Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima, in addition to the high protein content, are both nucleic acids that account for about 4 p. 100 of the dry matter and the fatty acid composition which is saturated C16 and ethylenic C18 substances. Linoleic acid and especially gamma-linolenic acid arecharacteristic of these two species. The unsaponifiable content is made up in particular of sterols such as cholesterol and beta-sitosterol as well as by triterpenic alcohols such as alpha amyrin. PMID- 824994 TI - [Consumption and nutritional contribution of the blue algae (Oscillatoria platensis) among some populations of Kanem (Tchad)]. AB - Two food surveys determined the areas of consumption and the ethnic groups involved as well as the way and motivations for using Spirulina algae (Oscillatoria platensis) in Chad. More than 400 homes were visited in February (dry season) and October (end of the rainy season and period after the millet harvest). Consumption is limited to a restricted proportion of the population in the Kanem region. Among the Kanembu group (the leading consumers of Spirulina), frequencies of use vary between one and six melas out of ten. The amounts consumed per person during a meal, in the sauce accompanying millet, are between 9 and 13 g. Variations in consumption linked to ethnic, social and seasonal factors are discussed. With regard to food value, the very high proportion of sand considerably reduces the protein content in the product sold on the market. An average ration of sauce containing "die" helps cover about 10 to 12 p. 100 of the protein requirements of an active adult man, and the algae by themselves contribute 5 to 8 p. 100 of these requirements. A comparison with the leading sauces consumed in Kanem reveals no superiority for Spirulina. PMID- 824995 TI - [Food value of the spiruline algae to man]. AB - The acceptability of various culinary products based on the algae spirulina was tested by questionaire: formulas rich in proteins, soups, omelets, desserts. Spirulina are little appreciated in France due to offensive color, smell and taste. Tomato and chocolate are the most acceptable flavors. Lyophilisation is preferable to atomisation, and discoloration using alcohol is preferable to the acetone method. The hydrolysate obtained, having neither the smell nor the taste of algae, is excellent. Nitrogen, sodium and potassium balances were recorded in 5 undernourished subjects fed via a gastric tube. The spirulina provided respectively 15 p. 100 (1 subject), 30 p. 100 (2 subjects), and 50 p. 100 (2 subjects) of the protein ration. There were no intestinal problems. The spirulina did not modify the investigated balances. However, faecal nitrogen increased to 2.08 g (compared to control period values, 1.33 g and 1.51 g). The various coefficients: digestibility, nitrogen retention and protein utilization did not vary. In man as in animals, nitrogen retention is satisfactory, but digestibility is diminished. Uric acid did not vary in the urine, but serum values increased slightly. Ingestion of spirulina in small doses even over a long period should be tolerable in the normal subject. PMID- 824996 TI - [Protein and energy value of spiruline blue algae supplemented by amino acids: digestive and metabolic utilization by the growing rat]. AB - Protein and energy value of 6 samples of "Spirulina" was studied on growing rats in 1972 and 1973. Sample RL 1(Spirulina platensis, originating from Tchad) was grown in artifical conditions in a laboratory. Others samples (Spirulina maxima) were grown in the solar evaporator near Mexico, washed and dried either on heated rollers (MR8, MR13) or by spraying (MA 7, MA10). Sample MA10 D corresponds to sample MA10, bleached by ethanol plus acetone (Baron, 1975). Each Spirulina sample was the only protein source of balanced, starch diets. The diets were supplemented in essential amino acids (E.A.A.) according to the requirements of growing rats (table 1). The ratios [(digestible nitrogen/metabolisable energy (EM] of the Spirulina diets were similar to that of the control diets containing herring meal. The diets were fed to groups of 15 to 17 growing rats. Energy and nitrogen balances were established by the comparative slaughter technique. Blood and muscle samples were taken at slaughter for the determination of free amino acids levels. PMID- 824997 TI - [Carbohydrates synthesized by the spirulines]. AB - Carbohydrates roughly constitute 15 p. 100 of the dry matter of Sirulina. They are extracted after complete delipidation, by successive exhaustions: first with ethanol of decreasing title, then with cold water slightly acidified by chlorhydric acid in order to drain out the calcium of the phytate; then by neutral boiling water; at last by alkaline or acidic warm solutions. After neutralization, suitable defecation and concentration, carbohydrates are either purified by a slow cristalization or hydrolyzed and analysed by usual techniques of chromatography on paper or on column of borated resins. Glucose, levulose, sucrose, glycerol and several polyols are so detected. They are in small amounts and of little nutritional interest. There is no trehalose. The carbohydrate storage products are mainly a glucosan and a rhamnosan, both containing glucosamine. There is about 2 p. 100 of the glucosan and 10 p. 100 of the rhamnosan, the composition of which are, in molar ratio: (see text). More or less phosphated cyclitols constitute, together with a small amount of glycogen, the rest of the metabolisable part. The cell-walls which could not be perfectly purified were degraded either by HC1 or by enzymes (pronase, neuraminidase). So have been found glucosamine and muramic acid, associated with peptides rich in glycine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid. These results joined to the presence, formerly signaled, of a rhamnosan, reveal a relationship between Spirulina and some Gram(+) bacteria. It is a fact that the celle-walls of Spirulina actually, though weakly, take the Gram coloration. To conclude, Spirulina presents some alimental interest. PMID- 824998 TI - [Hydrocarbons of the spiruline algae: nature, metabolism of heptadecane by rats and swine]. AB - Hydrocarbons represent about half of the insaponifiable fraction of spirulina algae (0.1 to 0.3 p. 100 of the dry alga); n-heptadecane is the major component (65 p. 100). The retention of this paraffin has been measured in animals receiving these algae as the main or partial protein source. Rats fed with a diet containing 280 ppm n-heptadecane (25 p. 100 alga meal) from weaning show an accumulation of this hydrocarbon in the carcass the retention levels off after 4 months and seems related to the lipid content; preferential fixation occurs in adipose tissue. Sows receiving a diet with 52 ppm heptadecane (5p. 100 alga meal) during growth, pregnancy and lactation retain comparatively much less hydrocarbon; nevertheless n-heptadecane is excreted in the milk. PMID- 824999 TI - [Determination of 3, 4-benzopyrene in spiruline algae produced and treated by various procedures]. AB - Spirulina algae grow in highly salted natural lakes. Artificial cultivation in tanks with addition of carbon dioxide (natural gas, burned gases) has been studied in order to improve the biosynthesis. A possible 3, 4-benzopyrene (BaP) contamination must be then considered. Several BaP determinations have been performed in batches of algae from bath origins, prepared following different processes (filtration, spray, cylinder drying). BaP contents are very low (2 to 3 ppb) and comparable between batches. PMID- 825000 TI - [Determination of various toxic minerals in spiruline algae of different origins, and evaluation of long-term toxicity in the rat of a lot of spiruline algae of Mexican origin]. AB - A detailed analytical study made on samples of Spirulines algae of various origins showed that these microorganisms may present an important telluric contamination, especially demonstrated by high levels of fluorine and arsenic they contain. A long term animal experimentation has been achieved with Spirula Maxima, obtained from the Sosa Texcoco solar evaporator. A diet contained in total proteins 25 p. 100 of dried atomized algae and was given for 75 weeks to Wistar rats. All along the experiment, the animals submitted to that diet showed no difference with control animals fed with caseine. The increase in weight was comparable for control animals and male experimented animals; a slight decrease in weight has been observed for females fed with algae up to the 30th week. At the end of the experiment, a normal frequency of tumours was noted on experimented animals. The cumulative potentiality of certain mineral toxicants, has been evaluated, when abnormal high levels of them have been detected in the Spirulines samples. The fed animals have been killed at definite times all along the experiment and the metals dosed in the body. Such a cumulative potency has been demonstrated for arsenic. On the contrary, in the case of fluorine, even particular dosages in the femoral bone could not show any significant cumulation of that toxicant, comparing with control animals. In conclusion, the authors have not noted any evident toxicity related to the samples of Spirulines tested in rats, whatever these algae were the only source of proteins in the diet. They hope anyway that the exact origin of contamination of these algaes by these metals will be better known to prevent the variations in the composition of industrial samples of Spirulines according to these metals for instance. PMID- 825001 TI - [Microflora of spiruline preparations]. AB - A study, by direct microscopic examination and cultures, shows that the microflore which accompanies the spirulines preparations, varies as the origin and the technologie treatment quality. The main species are bacillacees; then, come faecal streptococcus which are the best contaminations indicators; enterobacteries, yeasts, moulds spores, are exceptional. Dry products as getting old, entail a great decrease of all the species, the anaerobies being more resistant. PMID- 825002 TI - [Changes in the lysine of spiruline algae samples after various heat treatments]. AB - The spirulina algae are microorganisms which are cultivated on Mexican lakes for feeding use. After drying, they contain about 52 per cent of proteins, with 4 per cent of lysine and 1, 7 per cent of methionine. In the studied samples, pH is 6, 2; they are partially autolysed and contain 4 to 18 per cent of free lysine and methionine and 6, 5 per cent of soluble carbohydrates. During heating treatments, the spiurlina lysine reacts as the same as oilcak meal lysine; it resists rather well to autoclaving but less to roasting. The yeast lysine is more stable than the spirulina lysine. The thermic stability of spirulina lysine is caused first by the small amount of free reducing carbohydrates, and for a minor part by the natural acicity of these products. The lysine destruction is proportional to the autolysis stage of the samples, that is to say the presence of free aminoacids. All the behavior differences between the various spirulina samples disappear when are heated with xylose, which induces a strong Maillard reaction. PMID- 825003 TI - [Decolorization of spirulines]. AB - Spirulinae algae are available as a high protein content food (60 p. 100 at least) but as a very colored one. Colored matters of Spirulinae may be subdivided in three classes: Chlorophyll-a complexes carotenoids and xanthophylls phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. Obtaining a "decolored Spirulinae meal" has been studied first at laboratory level, then at microindustrial level (20 kg). Dry Spirulinae decoloration with ethanol and acetone lead to a pale-yellow Spirulinae meal with 80 p. 100 efficiency; it is fine practically odorless and including 84.2 p. 100 proteins. Essential amino-acids pattern and lysin-availability are near to first values. Residual solvent contents are 40 ppm for acetone, and 60 ppm for ethanol. The assays of incorporation into european taste food or mexican taste food has conducted to a usual good acceptance. The new productean allow the protein enrichment of a great variety of human food, without color nor hygeinic and nutritional inconvenience. PMID- 825004 TI - [Incorporation of a spiruline (Spirulina maxima) in swine food]. AB - Two experiments on early weaned piglets and one experiment on sows during the first two reproductive cycles were made to determine the nutritive value of Spirulina maxima algae in the pig, taken as a "nutritional model" for man. The algae were introduced into the diets of the piglets, between 12 and 42 days of age, in a proportion representing 12 p. 100 of the total proteins. This level corresponded to 12 p. 100 algae in the first age feed (up to 21 days) in replacement of skim milk, and 8 p. 100 of the second age feed in replacement of soyabean meal. For the overall experimental period, from 12 to 42 days, the apparent digestibilities of the diets, measured by the chronium oxide marking, decreased by 6.9 and 6.1 points, respectively, for energy and total crude proteins as compared to the control diet. Replacement of the same raw materials by a soluble fish protein concentrate only led to a reduction of 2.9 and 3.5 points for energy and proteins. However, during the first week following weaning, the fish concentrate and spirulina gave identical results which were lower than those of the control (fig. 1). In spite of this lowering in the apparent digestibility the growths of the piglets were satisfactory and equivalent for all groups. Thus, the metabolic utilisation of the fraction of feed absorbed was better for the spirulina group than for the control group, notably during the period between 12 to 21 days, although the supply of lysine in the spirulina group was 12 p. 100 lower (tab. VII). Consequently, this partially compensates for the low apparent digestibility of the algae in the young animal. For the female, the spirulina algaes were continously administered in a proportion of 5 p. 100 of the diet from a live weight of 75 kg. This did not change either the age or the weight at onset of puberty (tab IX). During the first reproductive cycle, the net weight gain of the sows receiving spirulina was lower than that of the control sows, but the number of piglets and the weight of the litter were higher (tab X). During the second cycle, performances were almost identical for the two groups, but piglets from the spirulina sows were slightly heavier than those from the control sows, in corelation with smaller litters (tab XI). During lactation, the lipid content of the milk was not substancially modified by addition of spirulina to the diet (tab. XIII). At the end of the two reproductive cycle the characteristics of the two groups of sows were identical, with a slightly higher culling rate for the spirulina group, but without direct relationship with the use of algae. Furthermore, the productivity of the sows was the same: 16.34 piglets weaned per sow and per year for the controls and 15.99 for the spirulina sows. Thus, if considering spirulina as a protein supplement to traditional proteins, its use in pig feeding does not seem to give rise to particular problem. However, it is advisable to restrict their supply to a level not exceeding 25 p... PMID- 825005 TI - [Food value of spiruline algae for growth of the broiler-type chicken]. AB - Five trials were carried out during the growth (0-8 weeks) of the broiler type chicken. The weight increase was always depressed when spiruline algae replaced traditional protein sources (soybean meal, fish meal, ...) in a complete and well balanced diet (trials 1 and 2). The delay in growth was small and non significant for 5 p. 100 or less of spirulines in the diet. However, for the highest levels of spirulines the delay in growth was more pronounced, especially during the starting period (0-4 weeks): live weight gain was reduced from 16 and 26 per cent for the spirulines levels of 20 and 30 p. 100. Different methods (live weight gain, balance technique, body analysis) were used for the determination of the protein and energy efficiencies. Spirulines were fed at different levels, either added to a protein free diet (trial 3), or included with other protein sources in complete diets (trial 4). Both protein and energy efficiencies were reduced when the spiruline level increased. Thus, the protein efficiency of the spirulines was found to be similar to that of the other traditional protein sources (soybean, fish,...) for a level lower than 10 p. 100. In contrast, it was reduced (--20 p. 100) when more than 20 p. 100 of algae were included in the diet. The average metabolizable energy was 2,487 kcal per kilogram when 20 and 30 p. 100 of algae were added in the protein free diet. In the complete diets, this value was found to be smaller or greater according to the level of spirulines, 30 p. 100 reduced and 5 p. 100 increased the energy value. The poor digestibility of some glucidic fraction in the algae seems responsible for the low energy value and for the reduced growth performance. The addition of a glycolytic enzyme to the diet failed to improve the performance (trial 5). PMID- 825006 TI - [Food value of spiruline algae for the laying hen]. AB - The three diets (composition in table I) were isonitrogenous (16,4 p. 100 crude protein), similar in their content of lysine and sulfur amino acids, but with different levels of spiruline algae : 0 (control); 7.5 or 15 p. 100. Each diet was used for the feeding of 48 hybrid pullets of medium size during a 24-week test period (32 to 56 weeks). Egg production (table II) was slightly better (47.1 g/hen/day) with 7.5 p. 100 of spirulines, compared to the control (45.3 g/hen/day), the difference being significant (P less than 0.01). With 15 p. 100 of spirulines egg production was similar to that observed in the control, but the average egg weight was reduced (58.5 vs 60.5 g) as a result of a lower albumen content. The colour of the egg yolk (table IV) was very light in the controls, but was a deep orange (above the maximum in the Roch scale) with 7.5 or 15 p. 100 of spirulines in the laying hen diet. The diet consumption, feed conversion and live weight variations (table III) show that the energy level is no higher in laying hens (about 2 500 kcal M.E./kg spirulines) than in the broiler. PMID- 825007 TI - [Experimental study of vestibular neurectomy]. AB - The authors describe an experimental study carried out on baboons. After unilateral vestibular neurectomy, the behaviour disorders on the one hand, and on the other, modifications and temporal development of reflex muotatic excitability of the spine using Hoffmann's reflex method are analyzed. As far as behaviour is concerned, a four-day period of motor restriction following the operation causes more marked residual disorders in comparison with controls. From the neurophysiological point of view, neurectomy results in seriously disordered spinal reflexes characterized by ipsilateral hypo-excitability developing in there stages: a tw-day initial critical phase during which the disorders are at their worst, a four-day recuperative stage with partial regression of the disorders, finally a chronic compensation stage in which spinal excitability returns to normal after several months. PMID- 825008 TI - [Hepatocystis of Malaysia. I.--Redescription of Hepatocystis malayensis Field and Edeson, 1950 (author's transl)]. AB - Malaysian Sciuridae are often parasitised by 2 species of Hepatocystis which were described as a single species Hepatocystis vassali malayensis by Field and Edeson, (1950). One of them corresponds to the majority of forms seen by Field and Edeson; it is redescribed herein and raised to specific status: H. v. malayensis becomes H. malayensis Field and Edeson, 1950. By the morphological characteristics of its gametocytes and schizonts, H. malayensis is related to H. kochi. The evolution of tissue schizonts studied at liver biopsies and autopsies of squirrels captured shortly before examination is of a peculiar type: an immunological tissue reaction appears with the hyperinfestation of the Rodents and controls the growth of the schizonts. PMID- 825009 TI - [Hepatocystis of Malaysia. II.--Description of Hepatocystis brayi n. sp. parasite of Sciuridae (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatocystis brayi n. sp. is described and separated from the second species parasitising Malaysian Sciuridae, H. malayensis Field and Edeson, 1950. H. brayi is characterized by: 1) the evolution of its tissue schizonts which are intracellular throughout all their development; the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the host cell are highly hypertrophied; 2) the scarcity of the colloid. The schizogony persists for several months in the liver of infected animals and the gametocytaemia apparently undergoes seasonal relapses. H. brayi is a parasite of hosts occurring in the middle and under canopy, H. malayensis the middle and top canopy. PMID- 825010 TI - [Hepatocystis of Malaysia. III.--Development of Hepatocystis brayi in C. nubeculosus and C. variipenis (author's transl)]. AB - The development of H. brayi was followed mainly in C. variipenis up to the stage of mature oocysts. Unlike H. kochi, the oocysts of H. brayi develop at the same site as those of Plasmodium between the epithelium and the basal membrane of the stomach. PMID- 825011 TI - [Hepatocystis of Malaysia.--IV. Description of Hepatocystis rodhaini n. sp. parasite of Microchiroptera (author's transl)]. AB - A new Haemoproteid of Malaysian Microchiroptera (Hepatochstis rodhaini n. sp.) is described; it is classified in the genus Hepatocystis because of the morphology of its gametocytes and tissue schizonts. PMID- 825012 TI - [Thrombotic complications of long term intravenous alimentation in infants]. PMID- 825013 TI - [Early skeletal changes in mucolipidosis III]. PMID- 825014 TI - Vaccination against bovine brucellosis with a low dose of strain 19 administered by the conjunctival route. AB - Eighteen 25 month old cows were vaccinated once either with 10(6) to 10(10) living bacteria of Brucella abortus B 19 by the conjunctival route, or with 2.5 to 5 X 10(10) formalin-killed bacteria of the same strain by subcutaneous injection. Fifteen days post-vaccination, low but definite agglutination titers were present in sera of cattle receiving 10(10) living bacteria by the conjunctival route, whereas high titers were observed in the control group given subcutaneous injection of killed bacteria (table I). Agglutination reactions were negative in sera from all cattle receiving less than 10(10) bacteria, and complement fixation tests were negative with all sera. Seventy-one 4 month old claves were vaccinated by the conjunctival route with different doses (10(6) to 10(10)) of living bacteria, either freshly prepared or lyophilized. At autopsy about 15 or about 30 days later, the parotid, submaxillary and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were removed and cultured on Brucella selective medium. Blood samples were taken at autopsy for testing by agglutination, complement fixation, Coombs test and (for some samples) by the Rose Bengal plate test. Colonization of at least one lymph node was observed in 26 of 34 calves given 10(9) bacteria, in all 9 calves given 5 X 10(9) bacteria and in all 12 calves given 10(10) bacteria. Serological responses were demonstrated rarely, and then only in agglutination and Coombs tests. The 5 X 10(9) dose, wich following conjunctival inoculation consistently colonized the regional lymph nodes without inducing significant serological response, would be the most suitable dose for the vaccination of calves and cows. PMID- 825015 TI - [Intracellular glycosaminoglycans of diploid and heteroploid human cells and of hybrid cell lines issued from their fusion]. AB - The human heteroploid cell line D98/AH-2 shows a low level of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) synthesis as compared with normal human diploid fibroblasts. Cellular hybrids were obtained by fusion of the D98/AH-2 cell line with normal fibroblasts, and fibroblasts derived from patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II. In these hybrids the rate of GAG synthesis is intermediate between those of the parental cell lines. PMID- 825016 TI - [Karyotyping of the cercopithecus (Cercopithecus aethiops). Banding and nomenclature]. AB - The karyotype of Cercopithecus aethiops was analysed by RHG, GTG, and C banding, and a band nomenclature is proposed. PMID- 825017 TI - Genetic control of immunoglobulin production by individual cell lines. AB - Production of more than one class of heavy chain or one type of light chain by individual cell lines of human and murine origin is described. The genetic and cellular events which could account for the observed patterns of production are discussed. PMID- 825018 TI - [Immunological responsiveness in C57BL/6 mice during the growth of a tumoural graft: the Lewis' lung carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Using antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to sheep red blood cells, immunological responsiveness was studied during the course of 3LL tumor growth. Acquired specific resistance to Listeria monocytogenes of tumor bearing mice was also investigated. Experimental results obtained, showed that the ability of 3LL bearing mice to establish a specific immune response is not markedly impaired. PMID- 825019 TI - Glycerol dissimilation and its regulation in bacteria. PMID- 825020 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ceftezole, a new cephalosporin derivative. AB - Ceftezole, a new cephalosporin derivative, was compared with cefazolin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin. Data obtained indicate that it is a broad spectrum antibiotic, with almost identical antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms isolated from patients. The therapeutic effect of ceftezole on experimental infections in mice was similar to that of cefazolin and was superior to that of cephalothin. The binding of ceftezole to serum proteins was somewhat less than that of cefazolin. The concentrations of ceftezole in the sera of test animals and human volunteers were determined after intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg and after a single dose of 500 mg, respectively. The concentration of ceftezole in the serum of volunteers peaked at 24.9 mug/ml 15 min after injection and remained effective (about 2.6 mug/ml) at 4 h. The half life in serum under the same conditions was 56 min, i.e., about one-half that of cefazolin. The 24-h urinary recovery rate was 87.5%. Most of the administered ceftezole was excreted unchanged mainly through the urinary tract. The biliary excretion rate in SD strain rats after intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg was about 4.4%. As compared with commercially available cephalosporins, ceftezole was second only to cefazolin in biliary excretion rate. Various tissue levels of ceftezole in animals were higher than cephalothin but, with the exception of renal levels in the early stage after administration, were lower than cefazolin. PMID- 825021 TI - In vitro comparison of netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and four other aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - One hundred isolates of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to gentamicin or amikacin, were tested for susceptibility to netilmicin (SCH 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and to four other aminoglycosides. Tests were performed in Mueller Hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in Mueller-Hinton broth. Most isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia that were gentamicin resistant proved to be susceptible to netilmicin and amikacin. Tests of representative isolates of this group showed that they owed their resistance to the production of aminoglycoside-adenylylating enzymes. Four isolates of Serratia, detected by their resistance to amikacin, were also highly resistant to netilmicin but were susceptible to gentamicin. These isolates produced aminoglycoside-acetylating enzymes. Gentamicin-resistant Proteus and Providencia were, in general, highly resistant to netilmicin but were susceptible to amikacin. These isolates also produced aminoglycoside-acetylating enzymes. Most gentamicin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas were resistant to netilmicin, either by enzymatic aminoglycoside modification or by other undefined mechanisms. Thus, like amikacin, netilmicin extends the aminoglycoside susceptibility pattern of Enterobacteriaceae to include gentamicin-resistant isolates that produce aminoglycoside-adenylylating enzymes. It is ineffective against strains, some of them susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, or tobramycin, that produce aminoglycoside-acetylating enzymes. PMID- 825022 TI - Synergism of cefazolin-gentamicin against enterococci. AB - A miniaturized technique for detecting antibiotic synergy by using microliter volumes was perfected. With this microtiter serial dilution method, the effect of the previously untried combination of cefazolin and gentamicin on 10 strains of enterococci was evaluated. At clinically achievable concentrations, the combination of cefazolin and gentamicin was found to be synergistic against all 10 strains when the data were plotted in the form of an isobologram. These results were compared with the conventional method of detecting synergy in vitro, namely, the determination of the rate of killing of the microorganisms with the antibiotics, singly and in combination. Similar results were also observed. These findings indicate that the microtiter serial dilution technique is a useful method for the routine determination of drug synergy. Moreover, in a patient with penicillin hypersensitivity and enterococcal infection, the combination of cefazolin and gentamicin should be considered for possible therapy. PMID- 825023 TI - Absence of penicillin-degrading enzymes in penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Penicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were evaluated for the presence of enzymes capable of degrading penicillin by incubation of [(14)C]benzylpenicillin with resting-cell suspensions of N. gonorrhoeae followed by extraction and chromatography of the labeled antibiotic. No degradative activity was observed. PMID- 825024 TI - Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a bacteriocin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Supernatants from broth-grown cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 103 exhibited bactericidal activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The concentration of the bactericidal substance increased significantly after induction by mitomycin C. Purification was effected by salt fractionation, chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and sedimentation by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 90 min. Electron microscopy of this purified preparation revealed structures resembling R-type pyocins in both the contracted and uncontracted state. Pyocins in the contracted state were observed in association with the gonococcal cell surface. No loss of bactericidal activity was observed after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Standard pyocin typing procedures identified the pyocin pattern as 611 131. The bactericidal activity of this pyocin was examined on various species of Neisseria. Out of 56 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from disseminated and nondisseminated infections, all were susceptible to pyocin 611 131. However, only 3 of 20 strains of N. meningitidis and 5 of 16 strains of N. lactamica were susceptible. The bactericidal activity that pyocin 611 131 has for N. gonorrhoeae and other species of Neisseria is significant because it departs from the expected specificity that heretofore has distinguished bacteriocins from most "classical" antibiotics. PMID- 825025 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of Sch 20656, netilmicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. AB - Sch 20656 and netilmicin (Sch 20569), two new semisynthetic aminoglycosides, were as active as gentamicin and tobramycin against Enterobacteriaceae. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sch 20656 was the least active, whereas netilmicin was active against many highly gentamicin-resistant isolates. PMID- 825026 TI - Activity of newer aminoglycosides and carbenicillin, alone and in combination, against gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The in vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics tobramycin, sisomicin, amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin (SCH 20569) were compared against 26 gentamicin-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from hospitalized children. Tobramycin had the greatest activity on a weight basis, followed by sisomicin, gentamicin, amikacin, and netilmicin. All isolates were resistant to achievable concentrations of netilmicin and gentamicin, but 23% were inhibited by achievable concentrations of tobramycin, 8% by amikacin, and 4% by sisomicin. The combinations carbenicillin/tobramycin, carbenicillin/sisomicin, and carbenicillin/amikacin were synergistic for 92% of strains; antagonism was not encountered. These in vitro results suggest that tobramycin, sisomicin, or amikacin in combination with carbenicillin would be the safest initial regimen in the therapy of gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas infections pending susceptibility studies. PMID- 825028 TI - Bacteriocin production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Seventeen apparently unrelated isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae out of 2,123 tested produced a diffusible growth-inhibitory substance against other gonococci. The inhibitor was destroyed by trypsin, not blocked by bovine serum albumin, and not soluble in chloroform-methanol; each isolate was resistant to the inhibitor it produced. Thus, the substance differs from previously described gonococcal inhibitors, and since it fits the description of a bacteriocin we designated it gonocin. The use of gonocin for typing was complicated by the observation that susceptibility to gonocin appears to depend on the gonococcal colony type. PMID- 825027 TI - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that show specific hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides. AB - A class of mutants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been found that are tolerant to aeruginocin 41 and also hypersensitive to aminoglycosides. They do not show any changes in susceptibility to a wide range of other toxic agents, including antibiotics and surfactants. This tol locus, tolA, has been mapped at 10 min from the FP2 origin and linked to carA (carbamyl phosphate synthetase) by transduction and conjugation. By selecting for revertants of the hypersensitivity phenotype, revertants to tol(+) were found, indicating that it is the tolA locus that is responsible for this specific hypersensitivity. The results indicate that a specific mechanism exists for the intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides. PMID- 825029 TI - Active metabolites of isoxazolylpencillins in humans. AB - Metabolites of the isoxazolylpenicillins that still possessed antibacterial activity were shown to be present in urine and serum. In healthy subjects, the amounts excreted in urine were low; 10 to 23% of the excreted penicillin activities represented the metabolites. The highest amount of metabolite in urine was found for oxacillin, and the lowest was found for flucloxacillin. No extreme differences in the amounts of metabolite excreted were observed when the compounds were administered orally or intravenously. In one healthy subject metabolite levels were estimated for cloxacillin in serum. Very low levels were found, i.e., about 9% of the activity. In subjects with highly impaired renal function, the metabolite may represent up to 50% of the total level of penicillin in serum. The antibacterial activities of the different metabolites were of the same order of magnitude as those of the respective parent compounds. Also, the activity against benzylpenicillin-resistant staphylococci was retained. It is not likely that the formation of the active metabolites should influence therapeutic results. PMID- 825030 TI - Classification of R plasmids by incompatibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - R plasmids identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in our laboratories were classified by their incompatibility characters by using intraspecies conjugation in P. aeruginosa. The fertility factor, FP2, was compatible with R plasmids belonging to all groups, and was classified in a new group. From these data, the plasmids examined have been placed into seven or eight incompatibility groups. PMID- 825031 TI - Mode of action of penicillins in vivo and in vitro in Bacillus megaterium. AB - A new system in which the in vivo and in vitro formation of cross-links in the peptidoglycan of Bacillus megaterium can be compared directly has been developed. The method for the determination of the in vivo cross-linking consists of lysozyme digestion of acetylated [(14)C]diaminopimelic acid-labeled cells and Bio Gel P-6 gel filtration of the digest. The elution profile indicates the cell wall synthesized in vivo consists of highly cross-linked fractions (44%), bisdisaccharide peptide(s) (38%), and disaccharide peptide(s) (18%). The in vitro system showed a high synthetic activity of cross-linked peptidoglycan. The synthesis was inhibited completely by 83.3 mug of ristocetin or vancomycin per ml or 10(-4) M p-chloromercuribenzoate and inhibited only partially by penicillins. The polymerization was stimulated by high concentrations of sucrose, glycerol, amino acids, or dimethyl sulfoxide. The formation of cross-links was inhibited 50% at 0.3 mug of dicloxacillin per ml and 90% at 0.5 mug or more. It was also stimulated by high concentrations of sucrose, glycerol, or dimethyl sulfoxide. Effective concentrations of dicloxacillin on the growth, viability, and morphology of B. megaterium were determined. Sharp inhibition of cross-linking occurred in vivo and in vitro at these effective concentrations, whereas the incorporation of [(14)C]-diaminopimelate into bacterial cells was not affected at all. Cell-bound dicloxacillin reduced severely the degree of cross-linking in the cell wall synthesized after transfer to a dicloxacillin-free medium. Cell wall synthesized in the presence of dicloxacillin showed a higher rate of turnover than did the normal cell wall. Moreover, disaccharide peptide(s) was degraded faster than was bisdisaccharide peptide(s) in dicloxacillin-treated cells. From these observations, the primary target of penicillin action in B. megaterium is discussed in relation to the inhibition of cross-linking, penicillin-binding components, and cell lysis. PMID- 825032 TI - Comparative activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Netilmicin (Sch 20569), a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin against 242 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in both solid and liquid media. Netilmicin exhibited typical aminoglycoside properties, such as little effect of inoculum size on MIC, relatively small gap between MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration, and potentiation of anti-Pseudomonas activity in the presence of carbenicillin. Netilmicin provided no advantage in antimicrobial activity over gentamicin for either Pseudomonas or Enterobacteriaceae. Nearly complete cross-resistance to netilmicin was encountered with isolates resistant to gentamicin in either solid or liquid media. Netilmicin was less active than gentamicin against isolates of Pseudomonas and Providencia. Major discrepancies between MIC values determined in agar as opposed to those determined in broth were encountered for most isolates of Pseudomonas but also, depending upon antibiotic tested, for between 15 and 40% of isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. This new aminoglycoside agent will be useful clinically only if it is shown to be significantly less toxic than presently available analogues. PMID- 825033 TI - Nosocomial infection with gentamicin-carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both gentamicin and carbenicillin was isolated with increasing frequency at the Cincinnati Veterans Administration Hospital during the period 1971 to 1974. A comparison of patients from whom P. aeruginosa was isolated during this period failed to reveal any significant clinical differences between the patients colonized or infected with resistant organisms and those colonized or infected with susceptible organisms. Overt clinical infection attributable to either organism was rare. The antibiotic resistant organisms were isolated most frequently from urine. Isolation of the antibiotic-resistant organisms was more frequent from patients who had previously received gentamicin. PMID- 825034 TI - Multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in South Carolina. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for penicillin G, tetracycline, amoxicillin, and actinomycin D were determined for 81 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients attending public health clinics in the Piedmont region of South Carolina. Gonococcal isolates were also screened for highlevel resistance to streptomycin. Significant positive correlations (r >/= 0.45, P /=30 mm were susceptible. False susceptible and false resistant readings were obtained with 300-mug sulfisoxazole disks. These data suggest that inocula and type of sulfonamide are critical factors in the disk diffusion test for meningococcal susceptibility testing. Sulfonamide disks are not interchangeable for susceptibility testing of meningococci. PMID- 827240 TI - Viability of lyophilized cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). AB - Lyophilizatin of 13 cyanobacterial cultures belonging to seven genera was attempted in a variety of suspending substances. All organisms survived lyophilization when suspended in lamb serum. Some of the organisms could be successfully lyophilized in horse serum, beef serum, fetal bovine serum, or human ascites fluid. With the exception of Nostoc muscorium, none of the organisms survived lyophilization in skim milk medium, egg albumin medium, or Jansen salts medium. PMID- 827241 TI - New approach to the cultivation of methanogenic bacteria: 2 mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM)-dependent growth of Methanobacterium ruminantium in a pressureized atmosphere. AB - The sensitivity of the requirement of Methanobacterium ruminantium strain M1 to a new coenzyme, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM) was examined by use of new techniques that were developed for rapid and efficient handling of large numbers of cultures of methanogenic bacteria. The system uses sealed tubes that contain a gas mixture of 80% hydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide under a pressure of 2 to 3 atm. This modification of the Hungate technique reduces variability among replicate cultures and simplifies the dispensing, sterilization, and storage of liquid media as well as the transfer and maintenance of methanogenic bacteria. Results indicate a limit of sensitivity of the assay at 5 nM HS-CoM, with half maximal growth at 25 nM HS-CoM. Coenzyme activity could be replaced by 2,2' dithiodiethanesulfonic acid at a half-molar equivalent of the HS-CoM concentration, or by 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid on an equimolar basis. These data reveal a very sensitive and precise requirement for HS-CoM in the nutrition of this fastidious anaerobe. PMID- 827242 TI - Secretory IgA in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The secretory IgA system was investigated in children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). The results of the study indicated that in children suffering from kwashiorkor and marasmus the concentration of IgA in duodenal fluid, saliva, nasal secretions, and tears was significantly reduced on admission and returned to normal 4 weeks after treatment. However, the concentration of secretory IgA in children with mild to moderate PCM was similar to that of normal children. Secretory IgA deficiency may be an important factor in promoting bacterial growth and this may account for the increased incidence and severity of mucosal infections in children with severe PCM. PMID- 827243 TI - Experimental keratocanthoma [author's transl]. AB - After topical application of the carcinogen DMBA on the rabbit's ear, tumors will always appear. These are clinically characterized by their important hyperkeratosis. Some of these tumors develop rapidly and disappear completely as do KA. Others do not reach such an important size but do not regress. None of these tumors looked like a malignant tumor and did not show signs of invasiveness nor metastasis. However the histological findings reveal in some cases precancerous and malignant aspects. The number of tumors can be increased by lengthening the application time of the carcinogen, by modifying the mode of application (repeated application and transport medium DMSO) and by irradiation. PMID- 827244 TI - Nutritional indicators in times of emergency. PMID- 827245 TI - Epidemiologic surveillance of protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 827246 TI - The one-day recall dietary survey: a review of its usefulness to estimate protein and calorie intake. AB - This paper reviews the usefulness of the 1-day recall method for assessing calorie and protein intake. To this end, it discusses the basic assumptions in determining nutrient intake of either populations or individuals. It is concluded that the 1-day recall survey is valid and reliable to estimate mean dietary calorie and protein intake in population groups. Its reliability to estimate individual intake is, however, low, and similar to that of other more complicated dietary survey techniques. In consequence, frequent surveys per person are required to reliably estimate usual individual intake. Basic assumptions necessary to infer nutritional status as well as main limiting nutrients from dietary surveys are discussed. It is concluded that as long as basic objectives and assumptions are clear, the 1-day recall survey is a useful and practical tool estimate calorie and protein intake of population groups. In addition, a simplified one-day recall survey may be a suitable means for assessing calorie and protein individual intake provided that enough number of surveys per subject are performed. PMID- 827247 TI - [Epicardial scintigraphy in 4 cases of ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry of blood after myocardial infarct. Origin of the tachycardia and surgical approach]. AB - 110 point cartography was carried out over the ventricular pericardium during sinus rhythm (SR) and during ventricular tachycardia (VT) in four patients whose infarctions were 15 days, 4 months, 4 years and 7 years previously, and in whom electrocardiographic investigation had suggested a ventricular reentry phenomenon. The macroscopical appearances of the heart at operation suggested that the infarct was situated along the left side in two cases, and in or along the septum in two others. Cartography in sinus rhythm showed that the onset of ventricular activity was compatable with a site of origin in the node/bundle of His. Cartography during VT showed up the epicentre of the abnormal impulses which were always situated outside the exit points and dependent upon the node/bundle of His system as demonstrated by cartography in sinus rhythm. Moreover, in at least two cases this was found to lie outside the infarcted area, in portions of the myocardium which could be considered as healthy. In one case it was found to lie along the anterior interventricular groove, facing the septal infarct. In two cases the arrhythmia will not recur, one having achieved this status bu simple ventriculotomy. The failures are reported in relation to the extent of the lesion anatomically, which may cause disorientation of the surgical approach, and make the results difficult to interpret. PMID- 827249 TI - [Right branch of the bundle of His. From morphology to its function]. AB - A histological study of serial sections of 71 right branches of the bundle of His has enabled us to confirm the classical findings, but also lay emphasis on certain facts which are not so well known: --the presence or early collateral branches; --the concept of a septal nerve ending; --variations in its course associated with abnormalities in the relationship of the conus with the inferior part of the septum. Certain embryological and functional implications of these facts are noted. PMID- 827248 TI - [Epicardial scintigraphy in 4 cases of ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry of blood after myocardial infarct. Study of intra-ventricular conduction disorders in sinus rhythm and in tachycardia, and their relations to anatomical data]. AB - Ventricular pericardial cartography in sinus rhythm (SR) and during ventricular tachycardia (VT) in four cases of myocardial infarction has yielded additional information in the study of conduction disorders in myocardial ischaemia: 1. The significant slowing of activity in SR as well as in VT is demonstrated by this direct method. It is associated with a diminution in amplitude of the pericardial potentials in the zones affected by the ischaemia; 2. Cartography during VT accentuates or reveals disorders of conduction which are slight or latent in SR; 3. Disorders of intra-ventricular conduction are found to be related either to segmental blocks on the branches of the bundle of His, or as focal blocks (peri infarct block) on the left side, whose nature can be shown up even during VT; 4. Secondary activation of the myocardial fiber found to be related either to segmental blocks on the bundle of His during VT is demonstrated. PMID- 827250 TI - [Treatment of junctional paroxysmal tachycardia, without patent Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome, by sectioning an accessory Kent-His bundle]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient suffering from a Bouveret's tachycardia without syndrome of Wolff-Parkinson-White. The analysis of the tachycardic spells however showed that during a reciprocal crisis, the circuit went through a left accessory ventriculo-atrial bundle, functioning only in the reverse direction. This accessory bundle was successfully cut by the surgeon, following the procedure of wide atrioventricular desinsertion as described by the authors of Duke University for the surgical treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 827251 TI - [Results of complete correction of various forms of transposition of the great vessels in the infant]. AB - Over the past 3 years, a Mustard operation has been performed in 38 infants aged 30 days to 24 months, among them 29 less than one year of age. There were 27 TGV with intact ventricular septum, 8 TGV and VSD, (isolated in 3, and associated with PS in 2 and with coarctation of the aorta in 3), 2 TGV with isolated PS, and 1 TGV with aorta-pulmonary window. The operation was carried out under deep hypothermia, circulatory arrest and limited by-pass, using a pericardial patch in all cases but one. The operative mortality is 8% (3 cases) for the whole group, 7% in infants less than one year of age, and 3% for all TGV with intact ventricular septum. The long term results are reviewed, with a follow-up of 2 to 36 months (mean 17 months). PMID- 827253 TI - [Primary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Course 1 year after operation. Apropos of 28 cases]. AB - The course of mean arterial pressure was compared in two series concerning 18 primary or tumoral hyperaldosteronism and 8 idiopathic ones. Identification of the nature of the hyperaldosteronism should not yet motivate a decision on principle, surgical in case of tumor, medical in an idiopathic case. In the latter case cooperation and tolerance of medical treatment, severity of hypertension also come into consideration. A positive spirolactone test, a hypertension course of less than six years were in our experience a good indication of successful surgery, as opposed to a normal unilateral renal biopsy. In case of operation, the removal protocol should adapt to the peroperative findings; 80% adrenalectomy is the most common procedure, except in the case of isolated adenoma of more than 10 mm diameter. PMID- 827252 TI - [Diagnosis of myxomas of the left auricle by ultrasonic echography]. AB - The two case histories of myxoma of the left auricle reported in this paper illustrate how echography is a diagnostic method which is non-invasive, simple, and relatively accurate provided that different angles of incidence are used, and especially the "root aorta-left auricle" incidence. It is indicated especially in cases with variable mitral murmurs on auscultation, but also where there is a very large left auricle, heart failure of unknown cause, or even an apparently straightforward case of mital stenosis. Moreover, as one of these case histories demonstrates, the technique allows both short and long term postoperative follow up to be carried out with ease and safety, so that a possible recurrence can be picked up later. PMID- 827254 TI - [Peroperative debit-meter study of aorto-coronary bypass. Functional classification]. AB - Systematic measurement in the operating theatre of the functioning of aorto coronary bypass grafts by flow measurement has allowed us to classify these procedures into various functional groups. These are decided by the distribution of the circulation through the graft and the status of the distal vascular bed. The results of such measurements taken in 100 bypass operations are discussed. PMID- 827255 TI - [Mitral stenosis and partial abnormal pulmonary venous return. 3 case reports]. AB - The association of mitral stenosis with an abnormal pulmonary venous return in the absence of an atrial septal defect, is a rare occurrence, and three cases are reported here. If this diagnosis is suggested by the chest Xray, it is confirmed by haemodynamic investigation, which defines the abnormal pulmonary drainage, guages the size of the left-right shunt, and demonstrates the degree of mitral steonsis. If the defect is poorly tolerated, surgical treatment is required. PMID- 827256 TI - [Abnormal pulmonary venous return from the right lung into the inferior vena cava or scimitar syndrome. 2 cases: hemodynamic study and surgical correction]. AB - Two cases of abnormal venous return from the right lung into the inferior vena cava, or the scimitar syndrome, have been studied. The essential features of this condition are given, emphasis being laid on the haemodynamic findings. Surgical correction of the abnormal pulmonary venous return seems to be a logical solution when the left-right shunt is of significant size. PMID- 827257 TI - [Renal arteries and renal parenchyma in arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. AB - Hypertensives in pregnancy are not so grossly distinct and different from adult hypertensives if reference is made to the underlying arterial anomalies and malformations of the parenchyma and their incidence. It is, however, in this group that the limited way in which the active remnant of parenchyma, once constrained by these anomalies, can compensate for the changes in pressure and volume sensitivity imposed by pregnancy is most evident; these changes may be caused by pyelonephritis of pregnancy (genuine but rare), eclampsia of the primigravida, progressive hypertension in the multigravida, or certain cases of late hypertension, menopausal hypertension, or hypertension as a late result of a simple juvenile eclampsia. This series contains a particularly high percentage (21%) of cases of hypertension due to unilateral renal arterial ischaemia which are curable. PMID- 827258 TI - [Postoperative myocardial infarct after aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - The incidence (4.3%) of myocardial infarction after aorto-coronary bypass vein graft procedures, and the mechanisms by which they occur, have been analysed in a series of 300 postoperative patients. Very careful case selection for surgery, extreme care in preserving the myocardium throughout the operation, and especially while the coronary anastomoses are being carried out, and attention to detail as they are done all contribute in varying degrees to the prevention of this complication. The particular clinical features and the natural history of this condition of post-operative infarction are recalled. PMID- 827260 TI - [Recent myocardial infarction and complete bundle branch block. Comparative macroscopic pathological study]. AB - Fifty five anatomo-clinical cases of patients who died of a recent myocardial infarction were divided into two groups according to existence of a complete block of one of the branches of the bundle of His, which occured at the same time as the myocardial necrosis: group A: 14 cases comprising 13 complete right blocks and only one complete left block, or absence of intraventricular conduction disorders: group B: 41 cases. The macroscopic anatomical study separated the two groups: in group A there was a very high frequency of healed posterior infarction, extensive recent anterior infraction, transeptal through the anterior and upper half of the interventricular septum by occlusion of the anterior interventricular artery in its proximal segment, above the origin of the second anterior septal artery, associated to severe stenosing lesions of the other coronary trunks, in particular the right coronary artery. PMID- 827259 TI - [Course and prognostic factors of unstable angina. Apropos of 100 cases]. AB - The immediate and medium term (3 years) of unstable angors was specified by the study of 100 hospitalized patients. The cases selection was based on the existence of angina pain which had appeared or reappeared less than a month before, during more than fifteen minutes and/or repeated, which were more and more frequent, less and less sensitive to nitroglycerine, and in the absence of recent myocardial infarction signs. The immediate course seemed relatively favorable; during the initial hospitalisation there were only nine myocardial infarctions and three deaths. The alarming factors of initial prognosis are essentially the persistence or recurrence under medical treatment of angina pain hardly relieved by nitroglycerine. The course over three years was bad; 23.6% of deaths, especially of cardiac origin (14/17) were noted; more than 80% or the surviving patients kept enduring more or less severe pains; persistence of electric signs on the ECG during the initial course was the only significant pronostic factor that was regularly noted. As regards the 16 patients treated by surgery, operative death rate remained high (3/16), but remote functional results were good (8/12 asymptomatic). Only randomized studies on homogenous groups, carried out during an enough long course, will enable us to specify therapeutic indications better. PMID- 827261 TI - [Prognostic value of ischemic changes of the electriccardiogram during and after exertion in an active male population]. AB - As part of the first examination conducted in the Paris Prospective Study, 6 565 healthy males aged between 42 and 53 years underwent a submaximal exercise test on the bicycle ergometer. Ischaemic changes in the ST segment during or after exercise were noted in 6% of the tests. The predictive value of these changes for the development of ischaemic heart disease after 4 years has been assessed. The risk of sequelae is 3.2 times greater in this group than in the group with no changes. The variations of this risk with the precise timing of the onset of these ischaemic ST segment changes during the course of the test and with the type of heart disease have been studied. PMID- 827262 TI - [Medium term results of commissurotomies and mitral plasties in open heart surgery. Apropos of 50 cases]. AB - The authors report on 50 cases of mitral commissurotomies in open heart surgery. The operations were performed during a short by-pass with hemodilution. The procedure involved the sub-valvular system in more than half the cases. There was no operative death. 41 patients were seen again regularly. The results were deemed excellent in 24 cases, good in 8, average in 6 and bad in one. On the basis of this experience, the authors think it preferable to perform commissurotomies by sight. PMID- 827263 TI - [Tricuspid prosthetic replacements. Indications and results]. AB - Out of 350 cases of tricuspid regurgitation operated between 1968 and 1975, a serie of 53 prosthetic replacements (3 of them isolated) was analysed, with specification of operative indications, pre-operative condition, operative findings, procedure used and results. Operative death rate was high (28 per cent) and remote results (6 months to 7 years) were not all satisfactory. This is because functional "tricuspid regurgitation", secondary to advanced mitral lesions, expresses in fact considerable myocardial weakening with severe polyvisceral implications. This picture, where tricuspid patency is in fact contingent, is not always improved by mitral correction and reestablishment of a satisfactory tricuspid function, whatever the procedure used. Thus in very advanced mitral lesions, tricuspid repair should be done only if regurgitation is real and severe. Tricuspid prosthetic replacement should be reserved to valvular destruction; semi-circular annulo-plasty, which is efficient and not very traumatising, is applicable to all the other cases. The best treatment of this syndrome is preventive: as aortic lestions, mitral lesions should be operated early to permit a low risk operation and complete functional recuperation. PMID- 827264 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome caused by association of atrio-hisian fibers and Mahaim's fibers. Comparison between the electrophysiology and histology]. AB - A child of six who had had several losses of consciousness died suddenly during a spell of tachycardia. The EKG showed at times a type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, at times a Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Intracavitary electrophysiological explorations had been carried out. The interest of this case lies in the comparison between these electrophysiological explorations and the histological examination of the normal and accessory conduction pathways. The short PR interval, which did not lengthen under the effect of premature atrial stimulation, was accounted for by the presence of atrio-His bundle tracts. The intermittent delta wave was due to Hissio-ventricular Mahaim fibres. These two accessory conduction pathways are considered as abnormal. PMID- 827265 TI - [Atrioventricular "sequential" stimulation by implantable "bifocal" stimulator]. AB - The "bifocal pacemaker achieves a sequential" stimulation which reproduces the physiological atrio-ventricular sequence. This type of stimulation has the advantages of atrial stimulation without the disadvantages of being inefficient when an atrio-ventricular block exists or supervenes. The pacemaker was used by the endocavity route in 12 patients. The indications included a disease of the sinus node (8 cases), supra-ventricular arrhythmias associated to conduction disorders (3 cases) and a cardiomyopathy with conduction disorders (1 case). The preliminary results were appraised after two to twenty four months. One displacement of the ventricular electrode was noted. On the other hand no displacement of the atrial electrode was reported. One battery was worn out after 19 months. The "bifocal" pacemaker was efficient in the treatment of symptoms which justified its implantation. Or particular interest were the results obtained in patients with no supraventricular arrhythmias. This pacemaker may be of use: 1) in the disease of the sinus node, in particular in the tachycardia bradycardia syndrome; 2) in supraventricular arrhythmias associated to paroxystic conduction disorders; 3)in patients with an alteration of the myocardial function and for whom the atrial contribution to cardiac output is essential. PMID- 827266 TI - [Chronic pulmonary heart disease during ventriculo-atrial shunts in children]. AB - This grave complication is a major cause of mortality in ventriculo-atrial shunts in children with hydrocephalus. It occurs at a much higher rate than with long term indwelling intracavitary pacemakers, which suggests that the shunt procedure is responsible for either chronic infection or the introduction of cerebral thromboplastin. PMID- 827267 TI - [Data from systematic electrocardiographic study during exercise in hypertensive patients. Apropos of 307 cases]. AB - The authors report the data of a systematic electrocardiographic study of 307 subjects suffering from hypertension. They analyse the EKG anomalies at rest and after exercise and study the relationships likely to exist between these anomalies and other parameters such as age, blood pressure, etc. They stress the diagnostic but also discriminatory value of this type of investigation in hypertension. PMID- 827268 TI - [Labile arterial hypertension and sympathetic tonus. Hemodynamic study]. AB - Cardiac output, cardiopulmonary (CPBV) and total (TBV) blood volumes, vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and dopamine B hydroxylase (DBH) were determined in 41 borderline hypertensives patients in comparison with 28 normal subjects. Cardiac output (P less than 0.001) and CPBV/TBV ratio (P less than 0.01) were significantly increased. The ratio was directly correlated to the pressor response to norepinephrine (P less than 0.01) and the DBH level (P less than 0.005). The results suggest that sympathetic overactivity plays a dominant role in the cardiac output elevation of borderline hypertensive patients. PMID- 827269 TI - [Amiodarone and thyroid function]. AB - Amiodarone is a drug which is frequently used in cardiology, and which can lead to the appearance of hyper- of hypo-thyroidism in certain cases. A study of the various parameters of thyroid function has shown that these are abnormal in every case treated by this drug, without the biochemical abnormalities necessarily being reflected clinically. The authors outline a method which will allow a distinction to be drawn between patients with a true thyroid malfunction and those whose biochemical results do not appear at first sight to be of any consequence. Regular assays of the T3RIA level are suggested as a means of early detection of thyroid malfunction in patients undergoing treatment with amiodarone. PMID- 827270 TI - [Plasma level of complement fractions C3 and C4 in children with glomerular nephropathies. Correlations with morphological and immunopathological studies of renal biopsies]. AB - The measurement of the plasmatic level of C3 may easily be included in the record of all glomerular nephropathies. Its decrease is an important argument for the diagnosis of post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis, or renal involvement in sepsis supervening to a ventriculo-atrial diversion. Variations of C3 level are of major importance in the management of the nephropathies in systemic lupus. Besides these special etiological circumstances, a persisting low level of C3 most often cooresponds to a membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis especially of the type characterized by intra-membranous dense deposits. PMID- 827271 TI - [The traps of Guthrie's test]. AB - Presently, 90% of the newborn infants are undergoing screening for phenylketonuria before discharge from the maternity hospital. The tests of detection on urine (search for phenylpyruvic acid) and blood (evaluation of serum phenylalanine) have to be interpreted according to the fetal age, the age at sampling, the conditions of anabolism and the protid intake. PMID- 827272 TI - [Antifertility effect of an active immunization of monkeys with human pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) (author's transl)]. AB - Fertile female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were actively immunized against human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). Native SP1 as well as chemically modified derivatives of SP1 served as antigens. The effect of the immunization on reproduction in these animals was investigated. The immunized monkeys showed a significant reduction in fertility: the conception rate in these animals was only slightly reduced when compared with the controls; but in the immunized monkeys pregnancy often resulted in abortion. The possibility of using immunization against SP1 as a contraceptive method in man is discussed. PMID- 827273 TI - Screening of potential chemical carcinogens by means of mammalian cells in vitro. AB - A survey is presented about the current state of the efforts to the development of rapid screening systems for carcinogenic substances by means of mammalian cells in vitro. At present two fundamental ways for the realization of this task seem possible: a) So-called host-mediated assays which are a combination of carcinogen application into intact animals (possibly pregnant animals) and succeeding explantation of organs from these animals or establishment of cell cultures from fetuses following transplacental action of the compound tested. In this type of experiment the metabolization of the compound is accomplished within the organism and the critical problem of metabolic competence of cultured cells is bypassed. b) Direct application of the carcinogen into cell cultures. Beside the hitherto most used fresh embryonic cells there is an increasing tendency to use established cell lines with a rigid post-confluence inhibition of proliferation and an extremely low background of spontaneous alteration in vitro. Possibilities for the metabolic activation in this system are pointed out. The value of "indicators" of carcinogen-induced alterations in relation to neoplastic properties is discussed. Most of the higherto existing test systems are problematic in their relevancy, but the findings published in literature indicate that cell cultures offer a very promissing possibility for the early detection of carcinogenic agents in human environment. PMID- 827274 TI - [Studies on biological characterization of mammary tumours of the sprague-dawley rat in the syngeneic tumour-host system. I. Spontaneous primary mammary tumours and tumours induced by oral and intravenous application of DMBA (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous and DMBA-induced mammary tumours of a Sprague-Dawley inbred line reared in Berlin-Buch are described. The incidence of spontaneous tumours was 14.3%, of chemically induced tumours 43.6% of all the animals tested. 5 different schedules of application proved superior to the oral route with regard to dose, mortality and tumour incidence. 87.2% of the carcinomas and 12.8% of benign tumours following DMBA treatment developed in the region of the mammary glands. PMID- 827275 TI - Phage and serologic typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in Romania. PMID- 827277 TI - Simplicity leads to complexity: advances in clinical thyroid physiology. PMID- 827278 TI - [Prevalence of electrocardiographic and clinical manifestations in epileptic and chagasic patients]. PMID- 827276 TI - Homosexual behavior in a laboratory group of stumptail monkeys (Macaca arctoides): forms, contexts, and possible social functions. AB - Observations of stumptail monkeys revealed frequent prolonged, intensive genital stimulation between individuals of the same sex, both males and females, adults and infants. These homosexual interactions occurred in positive emotional contexts, were accompanied by positive emotional facial expressions, and often were evidently elictied by the observation of heterosexual behavior. Infants' first copulations were performed with adults of the same or opposite sex who actively aided them. This suggests that homosexual and heterosexual encounters function as training for adult sexual roles, and that homosexual behavior is a basic primate pattern not exclusive to man. PMID- 827279 TI - Maintaining quality of life in the long-term patient. PMID- 827280 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia and dysostoses]. PMID- 827281 TI - [Sarcosporidia of wild boars. Sporocyst excretion by dogs, foxes and wolves]. PMID- 827282 TI - [Occurrence of cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies in female patients sensitized to Rh antigens]. AB - The frequency of sentization to HL-A system antigens in the categories of Rh sentized patients was studied, considering the observation that in this category the precentage of senzitization to the system of transplantation antigens is much higher than in other groups. A total of 211 samples of sera of Rh-sensitized patients were examined of which 127 were sensitized to the HL-A system at the same time, while the remaining 74 showed absence of HL-A antibodies. For work the technique of Indirect antihuman globulin test was used (for Rh-sentization) while for HL-A system sensitization examination, the Two-stage microlymphocytotoxicyty method of Terasaki, modified by Dausset, was used. In this study the possibility of the favourable influence of sensitization to the erythrocyte antigen Rh-system and sensitization to transplantation antigens during pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 827283 TI - [Correlation between the presence of cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies in the clinical course of hemolytic disease of the newborn infant due to anti-Rh (D) or immune anti-A/B erythrocyte antibodies]. AB - In a retrospective study the simultaneous influence of catotoxic HL-A antibodies on the clinical course of 60 cases of infants affected by Haemolytic disease on the Newborn due to anti Rh (D) or immune anti A/B antibodies, is shown. In all cases the treatment was by exange transfusion. In the group of infants in whose cord blood anti HL-A antibodies were found Exange transfusion had a weak efect so that it had to be repeated in 96 per cent of cases. In the group of infants in whose cord blood anti HL-S antibodies were not found, Exange transfusion was repeated only in one case, that is 2,7 per cent. In a group of Rh isommunised mothers whose children were affected by Haemolytic disease of the Newborn, antt HL-A antibodies were found in 61,7 per cent while 80,5 per cnet of the antibodies passed through the placente. In a group of ABO isoimmunised mothers cytotoxic HL A antibodies were found in 42,3 per cent, while 45,4 per cent passed through the placente. A significant difference in the number of leucocytes, limphocytes, platelets, term of birth, level of bilirubin, amount of haemoglobin and Apgar Score was not found between the group of newborn who in their cord blood had, besides the already present isoimmunhaemagllutinines, cytotoxic HL-A antibodies and the group of infants with no cytotoxic anti HL-A antibodies, present. Cytotoxic HL-A antibodies in a way, react with the "unmasked" erythrocyte membrane, increasing haemolysis, so that the therapeutic effect of Exange transfusion was discriminated. PMID- 827284 TI - Gene regulation in Drosophila: independent expression of closely linked, related structural loci. AB - A number of biochemical and genetic features shared by aldehyde oxidase and pyridoxal oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster indicate a close relationship between these enzymes. The present work shows that probable structural genes for these enzymes are within about 0.08 map unit of each other. Comparison with intensively studied regions of the genome suggests that this value is of the order of magnitude expected for adjacent functional units. Despite this close linkage, there is no indication of coordinate expression of the two enzymes. These results are consistent with the idea that each structural gene is under control of its own regulatory region, but alternative explanations are possible. PMID- 827285 TI - Biology of a duplicate gene system with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic analysis and differences in fitness components and reaction to environmental parameters among Zw genotypes. AB - There are two structural forms of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Whether one or the other or both show in vitro (and probably in vivo) activity depends on the genotype of a sex-linked locus (Zw). In this article, the relative fittnesses of heterozygotes (with both electromorphs active) and homozygotes (with activity demonstrable for only one or the other electromorph) for the Zw locus are described. It is shown that the relative fitness of heterozygotes increases with increase in population density, or degree of crowding and trophic stress, and that the mean development times of Zw heterozygotes are lower than those of the Zw homozygotes. In addition, and perhaps accounting for the fitness and viability excess of the heterozygotes, one set of evidence strongly suggests that they are better buffered against trophic stress than the homozygotes. PMID- 827286 TI - The transport of vitamin D in the serum of primates. AB - "Transcalciferin" (the serum transport protein for cholecalciferol and related substances) of two New World monkeys, Cebus apella and Cebus albifrons, was found to be immunologically identical with the transcalciferin of other monkeys and partially with that of man. In contrast with the alpha-globulin mobility of the transcalciferin of other primates, the transcalciferin of cebus monkey has the electrophoretic mobility of albumin. Most of the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was precipitable with isolated monospecific anti-(human transcalciferin) gamma globulins but not with anti-(human albumin) gamma-globulins. These results indicate that the transport of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the cebus monkey is not due to albumin itself but to transcalciferin with the electrophoretic mobility of albumin. Similar variants of transcalciferin also exist in man. PMID- 827287 TI - A sex difference in hepatic glutathione S-transferase B and the effect of hypophysectomy. AB - The glutathione S-transferases are a group of proteins with overlapping substrate specificities and ligand-binding capacities. This report examines certain approaches to the measurement of transferase B (ligandin) in the rat liver. The ratio of catalytic activities toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro 4-nitrobenzene gives some indication of the relative proportions of the various transferases present in 100 000 g supernatants. The fraction of catalytic activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, due to transferase B, was best measured by immunoprecipitation with anti-(transferase B). Male rat liver exhibited three times more activity towards 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene than female tissue; however, the activities towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were almost identical. By assuming a specific activity of 11 mumol/min per mg, immunoprecipitable transferase B comprised 4.5 +/- 0.2% of total protein in the 100 000 g supernatant of female rat liver, and 70% of the transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The amount of transferase B in the 100 000 g supernatant from male rat liver is significantly lower with respect to both fraction of total protein (3.3 +/- 0.2%) and overall transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (48%). Hypophysectomy eliminated this sex difference in the hepatic concentration of glutathione S-transferase B. PMID- 827288 TI - Glycogen metabolism in the liver of the developing rat. AB - 1. The total activity of glycogen synthease increased 20-fold from day 17 of gestation to birth at day 22, with a further increase of 18% in the 24h after birth. Active synthase (I) rose 45-fold to a maximum at day 21, fell 40% before birth, and then increased by a similar amount 24h after birth. The fraction of synthase in the active form correlated very well with the deposition of glycogen in the liver. 2. Total phosphorylase had a similar developmental pattern of total synthease with an 18-fold increase from day 17 to day 22. The appearance of active phosphorylase showed a lag-period compared with total phosphorylase and did not increase significantly until day 20. The fraction of phosphorylase in the active form did not correlate at all with glycogen deposition or mobilization. 3. There was a close relationshp between the ratio of phosphorylase a/synthase I and the glycogen content of the liver. An increase or decrease in this ratio would result in glycogenolysis of glycogenesis respectively. 4. It is postulated that a cycle between the two enzymes under basal conditions could exist which permits a continuous turnover of glycogen. Such a system would explain why active phosphorylase is always seen, even under conditions of net glycogen synthesis. The differences in hormone sensitivity of synthase and phosphorylase would also be accounted for as only one enzyme would have to respond acutely to hormonal influences. PMID- 827291 TI - Inhbition of RNA synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster by 5' methylthioadenosine. PMID- 827289 TI - Glycogen phosphorylase, glucose output and vasoconstriction in the perfused rat liver. Concentration-dependence of actions of adrenaline, vasopressin and angiotensin II. AB - 1. Glycogen phosphorylase (a form, in rapidly freeze-clamped samples) and glucose release were measured in the perfused liver, in response to a range of concentrations of adrenaline, [8-arginine]vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) and angiotensin II. 2. All three hormones increased phosphorylase a activity by about 10 mumol/min per g of fresh liver, which was more than sufficient to explain concomitant glucose release (1-2mumol/min per g). 3. Minimally effective concentrations which activated phosphorylase were: adrenaline, 10nM (2ng/ml); vasopressin, 40pM (40pg/ml, 15 muunits/ml); angiotensin II, 60pM (60pg/ml). 4. Glycogen synthase activity was inhibited by adrenaline and vasopressin but not significantly by angiotensin II. 5. Vasoconstriction observed with adrenaline and angiotensin II (but not vasopressin) might explain part of the activation of phosphorylase, since equivalent vasoconstriction (in separate perfusions) activated phosphorylase, did not stimulate glucose output or inhibit synthase. 6. The potency of these effects suggests that all three hormones can stimulate hepatic glycogen degradation in vivo (by direct hepatic action). It is proposed that hormones, and ischaemia, stimulate glycogen degradation to provide glucose phosphates for disposal within the liver cell, as well as for release as free gluose. PMID- 827290 TI - Trypsin-induced phospholipase activity in human platelets. AB - Trypsin mediates a release of arachidonic acid with resultant increase in O2 consumption (a reflection of cyclo-oxygenase activity) by whole human platelets that is similar to thrombin's effect on these cells. The trypsin and thrombin effects can be differentiated in two ways: (1) at saturating concentrations the measured effects of trypsin greatly exceed those of thrombin; (2) EGTA [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)-NNN'N'-tera-acetate] augments the effect of thrombin but not of trypsin. Thus trypsin and thrombin probably act at different loci in the pathway that induces phospholipase activity in human platelets. PMID- 827292 TI - Fluorescence study of guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 827293 TI - Reversibility of the cyanide inhibition of electron transport in spinach chloroplast thylakoids. PMID- 827295 TI - Oligo (A) oligo (A)-adjacent sequences present in nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes and mRNA. PMID- 827296 TI - Human kidney diamine oxidase: inhibition studies. PMID- 827294 TI - The role of glycosidically bound mannose in the assimilation of beta galactosidase by generalized gangliosidosis fibroblasts. PMID- 827297 TI - Subcellular site of acetaldehyde oxidation in omnkey liver. PMID- 827299 TI - [Toxicological study of nicergoline, a new vasoactive drug and activator of cerebral metabolism]. PMID- 827298 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the trichomonacidal agent ZK 25 095 in 6 normal subjects following intravenous and oral administration (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution, absorption and elimination of 5-morpholinomethyl-3-(5-nitro-1 methyl-2-imidazolyl-methylene-amino)-2-oxazolidinone-hydrochloride (test designation ZK 25 095), which proved to be an effective trichomonacidal agent in animal and clinical trials, was determined microbiologically and with the aid of 14C-labelled substance. After i.v. injection of 10 mg ZK 25095 in each of two volunteers the substance was distributed between blood and body tissues within approximately 10 min. The calculated volume of distribution amounted to 70% of the body volume. After oral administration of 250 mg in tablet form to each of three volunteers the substance was almost completely absorbed within a few hours. The maximum blood level was reached 3 to 4 h after administration. It amounted to about 80% of the blood levels (distribution equilibrium) after i.v. administration. ZK 25 095 was eliminated from the body with a half-life of approximately 9 h. 3/4 of the elimination were effected via urine and 1/4 via the faeces. 30-50% of the radioactivity eliminated with urine originated from microbiologically active (trichomonacidal) substance. PMID- 827300 TI - [Gastric acidity during recovery from malnutrition]. AB - Considering the importance gastric acidity shows on the regulation of the bacterial flora of the intestine, the investigation of the secretory function of the stomach in response to histamine in malnourished infants was set forth as a necessity. Weekly semilongitudinal studies were carried out during recovery in 15 infants complaining of severe malnutrition; in 5 cases, the study was practiced only once during the 4 weeks of investigation. The findings showed a poor secretory response during the early stage of recovery which gradually improved along the course of the dietetic treatment. Comparable values with those in normal infants are reached by the fourth week of receiving diets generous in proteins and calories. PMID- 827301 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis. Radiological and clinical aspects]. AB - These are congenital diseases that may be seen occasionally, both in males as in females with the exception of Hunter's syndrome which is exclusive of the male sex. This possibility should be suspected before a patient with or without mental retardation and bony malformations. It must be kept in mind there is no medical treatment for their relief. However, recent studies have established a cause of effect relationship of metabolic disturbances of cycopolysaccharides and their accumulation in different tissues of the body, amongst them cartilages (chondrocytes), which would be responsible for the corresponding disturbances seen. Bony age was always found to be less than the chronological. Bony malformations may be corrected if disableness is prevented. Mental retardation was not present in every case and heart disease was diagnosed in only one case, although heart catheterism was practiced in 50% of all cases. Since heart lesion is the main cause of death, it should always be investigated. Clinics, x-rays and laboratory should always be the basis of the diagnosis. PMID- 827302 TI - Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin on cardiac performance in patients with coronary artery disease and non-dyskinetic left ventricular contraction. AB - In 8 patients with coronary artery disease and symmetrical left ventricular contraction, an echocardiographic study of left ventricular function was performed before and 3 minutes after the administration of 0-6 mg nitroglycerin sublingually. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 5-2 +/- 0-2 to 4-9 +/- 0-2 cm (P less than 0-05) and the end-systolic diameter from 4-2 +/- 0-2 to 3-7 +/- 0-2 cm (P less than 0-001). The estimated stroke volume did not change significantly, while the cardiac output increased, 5-8 +/- 0-6 to 7-7 +/- 0-6 l min-1 (P less than 0-001) and the heart rate increased from 72 +/- 5 to 90 +/- 6 (P less than 0-001). The mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 105 +/- 4 to 88 +/- 3 mmHg (P less than 0-001). The ejection fraction increased from 53 +/- 3 per cent to 65 +/- 6 per cent (P less than 0-001) and the mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (VCF) from 0-81 +/- 0-05 to 1-15 +/- 0-10 circumferences per second (P less than 0-001). The estimated midsystolic midwall stress decreased from 155 +/- 14 g cm-2 to 102 +/- 12 g cm-2 after mitroglycerin (P less than 0-001). The administration of nitroglycerin was associated with a significant decrease in left ventricular preload and afterload. A vasodilating effect is suggested by the fall in peripheral resistance. The overall improvement in ejection fraction and VCF may not reflect a true increase contractility, because of the concomitant fall in wall stress. PMID- 827303 TI - Observations on the treatment of seasonal rhinitis with chemically modified pollen allergen. PMID- 827304 TI - Cytolytic effects of the complement cleavage product, C3a. AB - Purified C3a, a cleavage product of the third component of complement,was incubated with various cell types of human and mouse origin. All the tumour cell types tested were lysed by low concentrations of C3a, whereas normal human lymphocytes were relatively resistant. No lysis was produced by C3 or C3b. The possible role of C3a in immunity against tumours is discussed. PMID- 827305 TI - Sheehan's syndrome with complete bone marrow aplasia: long-term results of substitution therapy with hormones. AB - A case of Sheehan's syndrome with pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia is presented. The diagnosis was made 6 years after an ante-partum haemorrhage. The presenting feature was an anaemia unresponsive to usual therapy. Hormonal therapy alone (cortisone and thyroid extract with triiodothyronin, oestrogen and progestogen given sequentially) produced full haematological recovery, which has continued for 2 years since the treatment was begun. PMID- 827306 TI - A study of the age of onset, diet and the importance of infection in the pattern of severe protein-energy malnutrition in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 827307 TI - The effect of cortisone acetate on the course of development of experimental protein-energy malnutrition in rats. AB - 1. The role of corticosteroids in determining which clinical features of protein energy malnutrition develop on a deficient diet has been studied by the administration of cortisone acetate to experimentally malnourished rats fed ad lib. on a mixture containing 31 g protein/kg. 2. Daily administration of 1-25 mg cortisone acetate did not affect dietary intake, which remained the same as in saline (9 g sodium chloride/l)-injected controls. Plasma albumin concentrations, however, increased from a low value of 25-7 g/l to 47-2 g/l and this was accompanied by an increase both in liver weight and protein content. On the other hand, the protein content of muscle decreased. 3. These changes in the protein contents of liver and muscle were associated with alterations in the corresponding free amino acid pools. The free amino acid content of muscle generally decreased, but in liver many amino acids were increased. PMID- 827309 TI - The determination of the stability constant for calcium-EGTA. PMID- 827308 TI - Location of accessible bases in Escherichia coli formylmethionine transfer RNA as determined by chemical modification. AB - Chemical modification of Escherichia coli tRNAfMet with 1 M chloroacetaldehyde, pH 5.5-6.0 at 25 degrees C, has been found to result in alteration of six cytidine and five adenosine residues in the molecule. The modified cytidine residues are the same as those previously found to be reactive with sodium bisulfite at pH 6.0. The accessible adenosine residues are A36 in the anticodon, A58 in the T psi C loop, and A73, A74, and A77 in the 3; terminal sequence. No modification of adenosine residues in the dihydrouridine or variable loops or of adenosine residues on the 3' side of the anticodon loop could be detected. Treatment of fMet-tRNAfMet with chloracetaldehyde gave the same pattern of midofication as was observed with deacylated tRNAfMet. Chemical modification of E. coli tRNAfMet with 2 sodium bisulfite, pH 7.0 at 25 degrees C, resulted in selective modification of exposed uridine residues in the tRNA. Only three sites were found to be reactive: U18 in the dihydrouridine loop, U37 in the anticodon, and U48 in the variable loop. The overall pattern of chemical modification of tRNAfMet is very similar to that found by others for yeast tRNAPhe, supporting the idea that many of the tertiary interactions in the two tRNAs are the same. The adenosine residue at position 58 in the center of the T psi C loop of the initiator tRNA shows unusual reactivity, however, being modified by chloroacetaldehyde at the same rate as the 3' terminal adenosine residue. This result is in sharp contrast to the uniform resistance of nucleotides in the T psi C loop of yeast tRNAPhe to chemical modification. PMID- 827310 TI - Regulation of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in human term placental mitochondria. AB - 1. alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.99.5) activity in mitochondria isolated from human term placenta was found to be inhibited by ethyleneglycolbis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Addition of an excess of calcium ions to the incubation medium completely restored the original activity. The concentration of free calcium ion required to activate the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was found to vary between 10 and 100 nM. 2. The pH optimum for alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity varied with substrate concentration. The pH optima were 7.4 and 8.0 in the presence of 2 or 8 mM alpha-glycerophosphate, respectively. The apparent Km for alpha-glycerophosphate also varied with pH; the values being 0.4 mM at pH 7.05, 1.5 mM at pH 7.8, and 3.5 mM at pH 8.5. 3. alpha Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA in a competitive manner with an apparent Ki value of about 10 muM. This inhibition was less pronounced in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. 4. The activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate, D- and DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, in a competitive manner, the apparent Ki values being 0.5, 0.95, 0.12 and 1.5 mM, respectively. 5. alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in human placental mitochondria was found to be more sensitive to phosphoenolpyruvate, than the activity of the same enzyme in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria was only slightly affected by phosphenolpyruvate under the same conditions. 6. The data obtained suggest that the activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in human placental mitochondria may be controlled by changes of the cytosolic level of palmitoyl CoA, some glycolytic intermediates, and pH. PMID- 827311 TI - Initiation of phospholipase A2 activity in human platelets by the calcium ion ionophore A23187. AB - Phospholipase A2 activity in a suspension of intact platelets was induced by addition of a Ca2+-ionophore, A23187. This action of ionophore A23187 was enhanced by EGTA and inhibited by an excess of Ca2+ in the medium, findings which suggest that A23187 is able to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ for the latter's role as an essential cofactor for phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 827312 TI - [Enzymatic preparation of peptides of the general type: L-Ala-D-Glu-L mesodiaminopimelyl (L)-D (140) Ala by transfer reactions between non radioactive corresponding peptides and D-alanine (140)]. AB - Membrane bound LD-transpeptidase of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 was used to catalyse transpeptidation reactions between non radioactive peptide donors of the general type: L-Ala-D-Glu (L)meso-A2pm(L)-D-Ala and D-(14C) alanine acceptor. The presence of one or two amide residues on the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid increases the transfer reactions and subsequently the yield in radioactive peptides L-Ala-D-Glu (L)meso-A2pm(L)-D-(14C) Ala. PMID- 827313 TI - Incorporation of amino acids by rat liver nucleoli in vitro. AB - Isolated rat liver nucleoli are shown to incorporate radioactive amino acids into proteins. The characteristics of this nucleolar protein-synthesizine system indicated that the incorporation observed was not due to cytoplasmic or bacterial contamination. The products synthesized by isolated nucleoli have been analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography; this revealed a few radioactive bands suggesting that in vitro only a few proteins are labelled. The results presented are discussed in view of a possible nucleolar protein synthesis. PMID- 827314 TI - Studies of a ganglioside fraction extracted from human malignant melanoma. PMID- 827315 TI - [Constancy of color perception in the gray toad (Bufo bufo L.): role of the surrounding background in recognition of stimulus color]. AB - The paper continues the previous study (1) on some aspects of toad colour vision. It deals with signs which allow the visual system of toad to recognize blue stimuli. The behavioural experiments were performed during the breeding season when males exhibited the clasping of stationary blue stimuli. It is shown that in spite of some variety of spectral compositions of light sources males clasp only blue stimuli on white surrounding background. Under fixed illumination on white background males clasp blue stimuli, while on red and/or yellow background they clasp grey stimuli as well. These responses appear explicable if it is assumed that the surrounding background is the main sign of a spectral composition of illumination with "the simultaneous colour contrast" being a part of the constant colour perception mechanism (2). PMID- 827316 TI - Generalisations of two tests for the detection of household aggregation of disease. AB - Two statistical tests have been suggested to detect household aggregation of disease. Mathen and Chakraborty [1950] proposed counting the number of households, Z, in which there were no cases of the disease, and Walter [1974] proposed counting the number of pairs, N, of cases within households. As originally formulated, both of these methods suffer from the limitation that it is assumed, in the null case, that all members of the population, who are assumed to be susceptible, are at equal risk to disease. In this paper we generalise these tests to the situation in which different population strata are at different risks to disease. Formulae are given for the first four moments of Z. The revised Walter's test is shown to be a special case of a test of Pike and Smith [1974] which enables the expectation and variance of N to be directly evaluated. A similar relationship is noted between Walter's test and Knox's [1964] test for space-time clustering. A further test statistic is suggested: the number of cases, T, in households containing two or more cases. PMID- 827317 TI - Structural and immunologic relationships of human isoferritins in normal and disease states. PMID- 827318 TI - [Old age--a problem which concerns us all]. PMID- 827319 TI - [Clinical ocular biometry (oculometry)]. PMID- 827320 TI - NHS resources: scales of variation. AB - The dangers inherent in comparing measures of health service provision and usage at high levels of aggregation and of ignoring variations at lower levels are illustrated with particular reference to regional and subregional level in the NHS. Analysis of variance indicates that, for a wide range of variables, there is more variation at the subregional level than regional level. PMID- 827321 TI - Visual interaction in recently admitted and chronic long-stay schizophrenic patients. AB - Several reports have suggested that schizophrenic patients engage in very little Looking and eye-contact. However, previous work, much of it methodologically unsatisfactory, has been based almost always on the clinical psychiatric interview, with the result that several important questions remain unanswered. In particular, we do not know how schizophrenic patients behave in free conversation, how their behaviour with another patient may differ from their behaviour with a psychiatrically normal partner, nor even whether they show individual consistency across encounters. The first study was designed to examine these questions, by observing recently admitted schizophrenic patients in two free dyadic conversations, one with a schizophrenic partner and one with a psychiatrically normal partner, and comparing them with three control groups: depressive patients; patients suffering from neurotic or personality disorders; and psychiatrically normal chest patients. The second study went on to test whether the early descriptions of gross abnormality may be more appropriate to chronic long-stay patients than to recently admitted patients, and the design consisted of a comparison between the two groups. The first study revealed a quite unexpected pattern of results. Consistently across their two encounters, schizophrenic subjects behaved similarly for the most part to all three control groups, normal and abnormal alike. Moreover, the few differences which did emerge conflicted sharply with previous findings, including the writer's, and were no more marked in patient-patient than patient-normal encounters. The second study revealed no differences between chronic long-stay and recently admitted schizophrenic patients. It is suggested that the differences in findings between the present two studies and previous reports are most likely to be attributable to differences in verbal content: schizophrenic patients show abnormalities of visual interaction when talking about personal matters, but behave quite normally when the topic is not of immediate personal relevance. PMID- 827322 TI - Measurement of 51Co-vitamin B12 uptake using a static wholebody counter. AB - Using a whole-body counter which incorporates eight static NaI((Tl) detectors, it has been found possible to measure the absorption of vitamin B12 labelled with 57Co instead of 58Co, with a consequent reduction in absorbed radiation dose to the patient. PMID- 827323 TI - The real bladder electromyogram. AB - The nature of bladder electrical activity was investigated in anaesthetised cats and 1 baboon. A time-locked muscle response to sacral ventral root stimulation was most clearly detected within a 10-40 Hz frequency band, the response preceding the rise in intravesical pressure. During reflex voiding only activity in the 10-40 Hz band was consistently related to reflex voiding and to the small contractions leading up to voiding. It is concluded that only a very limited part of the wide band electrical activity recorded from the bladder can be considered genuine electromyogram and that the 10-40 Hz frequency band probably excludes the worst of the artefact. Possible sources of artefact and their relation to changes in intravesical pressure are presented in Table I. PMID- 827324 TI - Saving money by self-help. PMID- 827325 TI - Serum and secretory antibody responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients with gonococcal infections. AB - The present study was conducted to characterize the nature and pattern of serum and secretory antibody responses to N. gonorrhoeae by haemagglutination inhibition, opsonization, and immunofluorescence techniques in male and female patients with different clinical manifestations of gonorrhoea. Most male patients with acute gonococcal infection developed serum IgG and, less frequently, IgM antibodies against pilated gonococci within 2 weeks of infection and these antibodies declined to normal levels 1 to 2 months after treatment. This response was not noticeably different from the responses developed in male patients with subacute infection and female patients with chronic infection. Immunological analyses of the seminal plasmas and cervical fluids from these patients showed that antibodies reactive with both pilated and non-pilated N. gonorrhoeae are present in some of the cases. A small percentage of male patients who recovered from subacute gonococcal infection but not from acute infection possessed low levels of IgG and, less frequently, IgA antibodies to gonococcal antigens in their seminal plasmas. In contrast, more than half of the females with gonorrhoea had IgG antigonococcal antibodies in the cervical fluid. However, a small number of samples also showed the presence of IgA and IgM antibodies. IgA antibody in most of these IgA-positive samples was of the secretory type. The presence of secretory IgA (SIgA) in secretions and the lack of correlation between the antibody titres in serum and in secretions of these patients suggest that infection with N. gonorrhoeae may independently stimulate both a systemic and a local humoral immune response. PMID- 827326 TI - Prolonged survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a new liquid medium. AB - Despite substantial improvements in solid culture media for gonococci and the development of liquid media for the short-term growth of the organism, we know of no study of the long-term survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid medium. A new liquid medium for N. gonorrhoeae formulated in this laboratory is simple, efficient, and promising. It will support growth and sustain inoculated colony types for periods of up to 3 weeks. Moreover, it has been used successfully for the primary isolation of gonococci from patients. From the evidence at present available, we believe that this medium will find a useful place in gonococcal research. PMID- 827327 TI - Prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The susceptibility of 100 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to five antimicrobial agents (penicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, and gentamicin) was examined. Three strains were resistant to each antimicrobial, fourteen exhibited resistance to three or four of the five compounds tested, and 49 were resistant to a single agent, or to pairs of the selected agents. 34 strains were found to be fully sensitive to all of the compounds tested. It is suggested that resistance to gentamicin and sulphamethoxazole may be determined by a multiple resistance gene. The overall frequency of penicillin resistance was found to be 26-5 per cent (MIC greater than 0-06 mug/ml.), suggesting a significant decrease in resistance since 1968. PMID- 827328 TI - A sore throat with a difference. PMID- 827329 TI - [Characteristics of the increased resistance of mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused by Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Mice were protected against a lethal dose of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a previous sublethal infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Under similar conditions, Staphylococcus epidermidis afforded only slight protection. The following characteristics of this increased resistance that we have observed are (1) survival of mice, and decrease of the number of viable units of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity of the same mice infected with S. aureus coagulase-positive strains, either from our laboratory collection or from hospital cases, when the time interval between the injection with staphylococci and that of P. aeruginosa was between 4 and 96 h; (2) absence of a net inhibitory effect in vitro on P. aeruginosa with serum from mice infected with a sublethal dose of coagulase positive S. aureus; (3) changes in the appearance of peritoneal exudate cells after infection with a sublethal dose of S. aureus; P. aeruginosa injected afterwards in the peritoneal cavity of mice was eliminated; when P. aeruginosa was injected alone, "activated macrophages" were not observed and bacterial cells were present in large numbers in the exudate. The immunostimulation induced by a previous sublethal injection of S. aureus coagulase-positive strains seemed to be inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide, since mice were no longer protected against a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. Cell immunity may intervene in such infections with opportunistic species and check the invasiveness of a gram-negative bacterium superinfecting a host already exposed to coagulase-positive S. aureus. PMID- 827330 TI - The Rebuck skin window as a guide in cancer chemotherapy. AB - The skin-window inflammatory cell response was studied in 64 adult patients with various malignant neoplasms before initiation of chemotherapy and was repeated when a neutrophil level of 2500 cells/mm3 or less occurred. Of the 21 neutropenic patients, 15 had an abnormal neutrophil cell response and nine had an abnormal mononuclear cell response. Of the nine patients who had infection, eight had an abnormal mononuclear cell response and seven of the eight had a concomitant abnormal neutrophil response. The Rebuck skin window may be a practical clinical test to evaluate the risk for infection in neutropenic patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 827331 TI - Determination of the linkages in some methylated, sialic acid-containing, meningococcal polysaccharides by mass spectrometry. AB - The application of gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (g.l.c.-m.s.) analysis to a number of sialic acid-containing polysaccharides of meningococcal origin has been studied. Methylation of these polysacchardies by the Hakomori conditions resulted in both O- and N-methylation. Methanolysis of the methylated polysaccharides from serogroup C [(2 leads to 9)-linked], colominic acid [(2 leads to 8)-linked], and serogroups Y and W-135 [both (1 leads to 4)-linked], yielded the respective 4,7,8-, 4,7,9-, and 7,8,9-tri-O-methyl derivatives of methyl N-acetyl-N-methyl-beta-D-neuraminate methyl glycoside. As model compounds, methyl N-acetyl-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-methyl-alpha-D-neuraminate methyl glycoside and its N-methyl derivative were also synthesized. All of the methylated derivatives could be identified on the basis of their typical fragmentation-patterns, indicating that this method is applicable to the determination of the position of linkages to sialic acid residues in biopolymers. PMID- 827332 TI - The blue-green alga agmenellum quadruplicatum contains covalently closed DNA circles. AB - This paper reports the first direct visualization of covalently closed, circular DNA from a blue-green alga. Agmenellum quadruplicatum lysates, fractionated on CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradients, yield a minor band of covalently closed DNA circles which we have analyzed by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA consists of a number of a discrete classes of DNA circles ranging in molecular weight from 3 X 10(6) daltons to 65-80 X 10(6) daltons. The function of these circles is at present entirely unknown. PMID- 827333 TI - Characterization and mapping of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We report the isolation and some properties of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (mt-rRNA) of Drosophila melanogaster, and a restriction map of the mtDNA of this organism which shows the position of the rRNA genes and of the A + T-rich region in the DNA. The mt-rRNAs are about 860 and 1500 nucleotides long and have the unusual composition of about 20% G+C. Some 25% of the mtDNA is very rich in A+T and is visualized as a contiguous early melting region in denaturation mapping. We mapped the three cleavage sites of the restriction endonuclease Hae III and the four sites of Hind III on mtDNA relative to each other and relative to the early melting region. The rRNA genes have been positioned on this map. The two rRNA genes are next to each other, separated by a gap of about 160 bases. We determined the polarity of the rRNA molecules: transcription proceeds in the direction small-to-large rRNA. Despite great divergence in nucleotide composition and sequence, the properties of mt-rRNA and the arrangement of mt-rRNA genes are very similar in Drosophila and vertebrate animals. PMID- 827334 TI - Primary in vitro antibody formation by blood leucocytes of a subhuman primate. PMID- 827336 TI - [Study results of oxidase and peroxidase activity of gonococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 827335 TI - Acquired cellular resistance following transfer of lymphocytes from mice infected repeatedly with Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 827337 TI - [Chemico-clinical aspects of tyrosinase (author's transl)]. PMID- 827338 TI - Different patterns of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity produced by administration of pure hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and hexachlorobenzene. AB - Three hexachlorobiphenyl isomers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachlorobiphenyl (II) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (III), have been administered to rats and the effects of these three compounds upon hepatic microsomal drug metabolism and upon hepatic porphyrins have been studied. Comparisons have been made with hexachlorobenzen and a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1254. From measurements of activities of microsomal drug oxidations in vitro, the durations of pharmacological actions of certain drugs in vivo and spectral shifts associated with cytochrome P-450 it is shown that the three pure hexachlorobiphenyl isomers initially produce changes in hepatic microsomal activity which resemble those seen after treatment with phenobarbitone (PB). In contrast, following chronic feeding of the isomers, compounds II and III but not I produce a pattern of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity which shows some characteristics of the 3-methylcholanthene (3-MC) and some characteristics of the phenobarbitone classes of inducer. Also, compounds II and III, but not I, cause accumulation in the liver of porphyrins containing either seven or eight carboxyl groups. These two responses are similar to those observed following hexachlorobenzene treatment and suggest that a relationship may exist between the mixed pattern of enzyme induction and the onset of hepatic porphyrin accumulation. PMID- 827339 TI - Purification and some properties of diamine oxidase from pig kidney and human placenta. AB - 1. A homogeneous preparation of pig kidney diamine oxidase was obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Its molecular weight was estimated as 170,000 by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and as 220,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. After mercaptoethanol cleavage of disulfide bonding, the molecular weight of the subunit was 130,000. 2. Little contamination was observed in the preparation of human placenta by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis and the molecular weight was calculated as 30008000 and 280,000 by the extrapolation from the calibration curve of Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The subunit was 170,000. 3. By immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and inhibition test of the enzyme activity using a heterologous antiserum, a good cross-reactivity was observed between the anti-human diamine oxidase serum and pig diamine oxidase. 4. The activities of the two enzymes were not almost inhibited by homologous and heterologous antisera. PMID- 827341 TI - Antileprosy measures in Bombay, India: an analysis of 10 years' work. AB - Leprosy control measures adopted in Bombay consist of health education, case detection, and treatment, and are carried out mainly by the Acworth Leprosy Hospital and its subsidiary, the Greater Bombay Leprosy Control Scheme. Although the data collected on different aspects of leprosy during the 10-year period 1963 72 are hospital-based and retrospective, their analysis provides a useful indicator of the possible situation in the field. Health education is provided by medical social workers, field staff, and physicians, and the significance of this activity in relation to early detection of leprosy is analysed. It is shown, however, that case-holding is a more urgent priority than case-detection. Trials have confirmed the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis with dapsone for contacts of infectious index cases in crowded households. Comparison of annual expenditure per outpatient in leprosy clinics with that for inpatients in a leprosy hospital demonstrates greater cost-effectiveness of outpatient treatment. Some practical recommendations are made for leprosy control. PMID- 827342 TI - [Transovarian transmission of a Flavivirus, the Koutango virus, in Aedes aegypti L]. AB - The Koutango virus Dak An D 5443 isolated from rodents of the genus Tatera belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the faily Togaviridae. This virus is very similar to the yellowfever, virus. It is experimentally transmitted from young Mouse to young Mouse by Aedes aegypti. The following observations show on one hand that this virus is found in the eggs of infected A. aegypti and on the other that the females from these eggs transmit the virus to the young Mouse by biting them. PMID- 827340 TI - [The immunology of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 827343 TI - [Demonstration of sialic acid in the rabies virus. Consequences of its removal on infectious and hemagglutinating properties]. PMID- 827344 TI - [Improvement of the sensitivity of readings on Ag-Ab reactions in nephelometry]. PMID- 827345 TI - [Shearing stress and rate associated with the destruction of erythrocyte aggregates: a viscosimetric approach]. PMID- 827346 TI - [Organization and development of the mitotic figure during division of the cultured human lymphocyte stimulated by phytohemagglutinin]. PMID- 827347 TI - [Uptake of tritiated actinomycin D by hepatocyte nuclei in the mouse after total body irradiation]. PMID- 827348 TI - [Thermal convection of the skin]. PMID- 827349 TI - [Demonstration of the inhibitory effect of ethacrynic acid on permeability to chlorine]. AB - Ethacrynic acid specifically inhibits chloride permeability in Ox erythrocyte. The I50 is 7 x 10(-6) M. The inhibitory effect is instantaneous and completely reversed by washing the cells with a Ringer solution. Dihydroethacrynic acid, a derivative that lacks the ability to combine with SH groups, also inhibits chloride permeability and the characteristics of inhibition are strictly identical. It is a proof that ethacrytic acid does not act by its reactivity with thiol groups. PMID- 827350 TI - [Effect of injuries on surface potentials of the extremity of the triturus Pleurodeles waltlii Michah]. PMID- 827351 TI - [Responses of thalamic cells to messages conducted by the neospinothalamic pathway in the monkey]. PMID- 827353 TI - [Immunoenzymatic demonstration of transferrin in the rat liver. Preliminary results]. PMID- 827352 TI - [Tyrosinases of the pigmented portions of the eye in 4 species of rodent]. AB - Ocular tyrosinases of choroid from adult Rabbit, Rat, Hamster and Guinea pig are separated by gel electrophoresis. A single tyrosinase is found in all mammalian species investigated, it is present in pigmented strains and lacking in albino ones. Molecular weights of those enzymes, as determined by polyacrilamide gradient gel electrophoresis, are about 67,000. Involvement of ocular mammalian tyrosinases in in vitro L tyrosine oxidation has been demonstrated. PMID- 827354 TI - [Changes in the enzyme properties of adenyl cyclase in KB cells as a function of the development of the culture]. PMID- 827355 TI - [Polyphenols (acid-phenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones) from Digitalis grandiflora Mill. ( = D. ambigua Murr.)]. AB - In Digitalis grandiflora, flavonoids are mainly constituted by flavone glycuronides which are found in all aerial organs, except the seeds; in the flowers are supplementary flavonoids, particularly, in the stamens, a kaempferol derivative. PMID- 827356 TI - [New data on non-parallel evolution of karyotype and morphology in Phyllotinae (Rodents, Cricetidae)]. AB - The non-concordance of the morphological and chromosomal evolution in the Phyllotinae is discussed in the light of the latest karyological data concerning the genus Zygodontomys: individual specimens of this genus from French Guiana present a new chromosomal formula with a high number 2 N; their karyotypical and morphological peculiarities are sufficient to warrant creating a new species Z. reigi. The great variability of the karyotypes appearing in this genus permits one to think that the various groups could represent successive aspects of the same chromosomal evolution, an increase of the number 2 N preceding an eventual decrease. PMID- 827357 TI - [Effect of 17 alpha hydroxy-20 beta dihydroprogesterone and progesterone on maturation and ovulation in vivo and on the plasma level of gonadotropic hormone t-GtH in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri]. AB - Ovulation occurred 5 to 9 days after injection of 2 mg/kg 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha-20 beta Pg) in rainbow trout with oocytes in which the germinal vesicle was subperipheral. Whereas oocyte maturation was initiated by 17 alpha-20 beta Pg without an immediate increase in the concentration of t-GtH, in controls an increased level was found to coincide with initiation of the process and the concentration of t-GtH was higher at all stages. Progesterone treatment was less effective. PMID- 827358 TI - [Pancreatic polypeptide islets and glucagon islets : distinct topographic distribution in rat pancreas]. AB - The immunocytochemical technique for the cellular localization of hormones allows a precise identification of islet cell types responsible for the production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. A systematic study of Rat pancreas has revealed a hitherto undescribed morphological heterogeneity of islets. In fact, the cellular composition of islets differs according to their anatomical distribution. The "PP islets" are preferentially located in the inferior 2/3 of the head of the pancreas, whilst "glucagon islets" populate the remainder of the gland. PMID- 827359 TI - [Autogenesis and cerebral neurosecretion in Aedes detritus (Haliday, 1833) (Diptera - Culicidae]. AB - In anautogenous females of the Dipteran Culicidae Aedes detritus (Haliday, 1833), the neurosecretory products synthesized by the A cells of the pars intercerebralis are stored in the pericarya in absence of blood meal; on the contrary, in the autogenous females they are steadily released from emergency till the stages 3-4 of vitellogenesis; a slight storage occurs by the end of vitellogenesis. These facts suggest the important meaning of these cells in the regulation processes of vitellogenesis in Mosquitoes. PMID- 827360 TI - [Effect of an irreversible inhibitor (RMI71645) of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase on spontaneous and conditioned activities of mice]. AB - The RMI, an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, inhibited, at the dose of 100 mg/kg, the activity of Mice placed in an open-field. At lower doses, RMI improved the activity in open-field and the number of conditioned avoidance reactions. Results are correlated with increase of the level of brain GABA, following administration of RMI. PMID- 827361 TI - [Influence of thyroid hormones on monoamine oxidase activity in newborn rats]. AB - In young Rats made hypothyroid from birth, the activity of monoamine oxidase at 20 days is smaller than controls in brain, heart and kidney. In Rats made hyperthyroid by injections of thyroxine, the activity is lower in brain kidney and liver and is 3.8 times higher in the heart. PMID- 827362 TI - [ Perfecting a simple method of organotypic thyroid gland culture in Xenopus laevis (Amphibia, Anoura)]. AB - The larval thyroid of Xenopus cultured in an adequate medium, keeps its morphological differentiations at an ultrastructural scale and reacts against TSH added to the culture medium, through the development of apical microvilli, which is a sign of an active pinocytosis of the colloid, and also of ergastoplasmic lamellar and vesicular structures suggesting an active protein synthesis. PMID- 827363 TI - [Genesis of malformations of the distal parts of chick embryo extremities (adactylia, hemimelia)]. AB - Two series of experiments were carried out on chick embryos, stages 24 to 28 pairs of somites. (1) Denuded mesenchyme obtained from leg presumptive area previously treated with nitrogen mustard, was grafted into the right flank of embryos, stages 15 to 24 pairs of somites. (2) Conversely, denuded mesenchyme was implanted into the flank of nitrogen mustard-treated embryos. In most of the embryos, a supernumerary abnormal limb appeared; 58% of the legs produced in the first set of experiments had distal parts, whereas only 15% of the legs in the second set of experiments showed toes. Most of these legs had a hemimelic aspect or were reduced to stumps. This study demonstrates that deficiencies localised in the ectodermal apical part of the bud may be responsible for the stumpy limb defect. PMID- 827364 TI - [Cryofractures of biological material performed at very low temperatures in ultravacuum]. AB - A new instrument has been designed for freeze-fracturing of biological material in ultra high vacuum. Complementary replicas of the freeze-fracture faces can be done at a temperature reaching to --260 degrees C in a short time, without any contamination of fracture faces being observed. PMID- 827365 TI - [Viral infection in a platyhelminth parasite]. AB - In parenchyme cells of the parasitic Plathelminthe Diplectanum aequans virus-like cytoplasmic particles were observed. Their formation is noted in virogenic areas and they are often gathered in regular geometric arrangements. The infected cells show important lesions. PMID- 827366 TI - [Example of the use of affinity electrophoresis for the determiniation of antigens]. AB - In this paper, affinity electrophoresis is employed to obtain a quantitative evaluation of an antigen using biospecific immunoadsorbant. As an example it is shown that human serum albumin reacts with its specific antibodies linked to agarose beads forming "rockets" in the gel. The height of these "rockets" corresponds to the quantity of albumin in the medium. This method assumes the immobilization of the antibodies in the gel with all the buffers employed. PMID- 827367 TI - [Occurrence of hyperuricemia in atrioventricular block. (Results of a study of 158 patients with isotopic pacemaker implantations)]. AB - The frequency of hyperuricemia is high in these patients with heart block, whose mean age is 39. 91% have serum uric acid levels above the normal range and 61% present "hyperuricemia," according to "gouty risk" criteria. The mean uric acid level, before surgery, of the patients whose total heart block follows "open heart" is the highest in our statistics. PMID- 827368 TI - [Problems posed by the interpretation of peroxidase labelling of various neurons in Cyprinidae]. AB - The origin of a centrifugal visual pathway in Cyprinids could not be demonstrated with the technique involving the labelling of cell bodies by retrograde transport of Horseradish Peroxidase. The hypothalamic labelling following intraocular injection of HRP is localized in neurosecretory structures which take up the enzyme that has passed into the circulatory system. Identical results were obtained following direct intracardiac injection. Thus extreme caution must be taken in attempting to interpret HRP results. PMID- 827369 TI - [Differential thermal behavior of various strains of cucumber mosaic virus. Hypothesis of a pleiotropic mechanism connecting various properties]. AB - Pseudorecombinat viruses are constructed by mixing RNA coming from two CMV strains differentiated by their thermosensitivity. The pseudorecombinant shows thermal properties analogous to the parental strain diving RNA number 3. In order to explain the numerous properties coded by RNA 3 a pleiotropic effect is considered. PMID- 827370 TI - [Biochemical characterization of a circulating thymic factor]. AB - A serum thymic factor has been isolated from pig serum. Its amino-acid sequence has been determined by Edman technique, modified by Gray: Gln-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly Gly-Ser-Asn. A nonapeptide, synthesized on the basis of this sequence is active in the rosette assay used for the isolation of the biological product, both in vitro (10(-15) M) and in vivo (0.1 ng per Mouse). PMID- 827371 TI - [Bi-allelic genetic markers and the determination of family relationships]. AB - A very useful index for the validation of family relationship by means of genetic markers is the proportion of males in the population whose phenotype makes paternity of a child of known phenotype impossible: the proportion often indicates probability of exclusion of paternity. It may be proved in the case of biallelic mendelian systems that this probility of exclusion of paternity may be modified by close relationship between the mother and father of the child or between the real father of the child and the presumptive father. PMID- 827372 TI - [ATP stimulation of poly-U-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis from 14C phenylalanine-t-RNA in reticulocyte ribosomes]. PMID- 827373 TI - [Relationship between the growth rate of the liver of young rats and the inhibitory effect of extracts of their liver on the multiplication of cultured cells]. AB - We have shown that extracts of liver from young Rats are less active, than extracts of liver from adult Rats, in inhibiting the multiplication of cells in culture. This inhibitory activity is at a minimum in livers taken from 10 to 15 days old Rats, which corresponds to the time of maximum increase in weight of the liver. The existence of an inverse relationship between the inhibitory activity of these extracts and the state of proliferation of the liver suggests that the inhibitory substance contained in the liver extracts may act as a regulator of growth of the organ. PMID- 827374 TI - [Inhibition of thalamic activity by stimulation of the inferior raphe nucleus in the chronically awake cat]. AB - Poly U dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis from 14C phenylalanyl-tRNA, under known optimal conditions, in ribosomes obtained from NaF-treated Rabbit reticulocytes, is only slightly stimulated by the addition of ATP, GTP and UTP in the absence of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. However, in the presence of the energy generating system, the stimulation by ATP far surpasses that by other nucleotides. A scheme of reactions which help explain this observation is presented. PMID- 827375 TI - [Melanotropic hormone in the green frog (Rana esculenta): biochemical and radioimmunological study]. AB - The alpha-MSH levels in the frog hypophysis were measured by use of a sensitive ans specific radioimmunoassay. Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of frog pars distalis and pars intermedia extracts showed that frog hypophyseal MSH was chemically related to synthetic alpha-MSH. Rat tissue homogenates were capable of degrading frog pars intermedia MSH as well as synthetic alpha-MSH. These results provide evidence that the frog hypophysis--pars intermedia and pars distalis- contains an alpha-MSH-like peptide. PMID- 827376 TI - [Composition and variability of bases in degenerate and non-degenerate positions in codons of various types of mRNA]. AB - Codon base frequencies have been studied in all published mRNA sequences of more than 50 codons. Bases are not "random" in any codon position. Variability in degenerate position III is of the same order as in the other two positions (non degenerate). The base distribution in each codon position is significantly different from that in each other position. Position I has the most distinctive make up. Correlations demonstrate that in this ensemble of 1,265 codons positions I and II have the same type of composition as in the decoded mRNA for the average protein. PMID- 827377 TI - [Method of precise evaluation of the biological activity of adrenocortical extracts]. PMID- 827378 TI - [Conditions for obtaining rapid growth of marine bacteria (generation time of about one minute)]. PMID- 827379 TI - [Demonstration of the dorsal character of the body wall of the aneurogenic regenerate of Nereis pelagica L. (Annelida, Polychaeta)]. AB - In Nereis pelagica, graft of dorsal or ventral parts of a regenerate edified in the absence of nerve cord (=aneurogenic) on the ventral or dorsal face of a normal host demonstrates a completely dorsal nature of the body wall in these special regenerates. The results indicate that the nerve cord is involved in setting up regenerate dorso-ventral polarity by fixing differentiation of the ventral characters in the area located near by; without it , only the dorsal character is expressed. PMID- 827380 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of Carcinus maenas L. hemocytes (Crustacea, Decapoda), parasitized by Sacculina carcini Thompson (Crustacea, Cirripeda) : reactive activity, collagen genesis]. AB - The collagen embedding Sacculina roots is synthesized by hemocytes of Carcinus maenas and is described. Hemocytes engaged in the secretion of collagen as a reaction against a parasite constitute a defensive mechanism still largely unknown within Crustacea. PMID- 827381 TI - [Influence of light conditions and the presence of a laying substratum on ovarian function of virgin female Hydrellia griseola Fall. (Diptera, Ephydridae)]. AB - None or very few eggs are deposited by young virgin Hydrellia griseola when exposed to constant darkness or deprived of any ovipositional substrate. Ovaries of such females have been investigated in order to find out what happens with the matured eggs. Under suitable conditions (photoperiodic regime and host-plant provided), oviposition occurs only over a fixed level of congestion of the ovaries. Under constant darkness there is neither accumulation nor deficiency in mature eggs. The withholding of the ovipositional substrate induces their accumulation in the ovarioles. In both cases, less eggs are produced. The alteration of the efficiency of the ovaries resulting from an important or complete reduction of oviposition takes different forms, depending on which stimulus is cut off. PMID- 827382 TI - [Variation of the 9-keto-2-decenoic acid content as a function of age in virgin queen-bees (Apis mellifica ligustica S.)]. AB - We measured the amount of 9-oxodec-2-enoic acid in virgin Honeybee queens 1 to 50 days old. We chose 4 age ranges: from 1 to 6, from 16 to 20, from 26 to 30, from 40 to 50 days. Queens 16 to 20 days old contain most 9-oxodec-2-enoic acid (average : 1 107 mug). The observed variations in amounts should partly depend on the physiology of attending workers. The authors discuss the mechanisms responsible for the action of 9-oxodec-2-enoic-acid. PMID- 827383 TI - [Phagocytosis of spermatozoa by cumulus oophorus cells of cultured calf follicles]. AB - Cells of the cumulus oophorus of the calf show intense phagocytotic activity under various in vitro conditions after insemination. The spermatozoa utilized were bull spermatozoa either only washed or washed and treated by various means to induce capacitation. The cumuli cultured in a simple salt medium with BSA or with FSH, LH and prolactin, phagocytise intensely; up to 8-10 spermatozoa may be incorporated per cell. Washed sperm is taken up with the same intensity as those treated for capacitation. Mouse sperm is incorporated also. Calf cumulus cells thus appear to demonstrate a general phagocytotic activity. This phagocytotic activity may represent a primary defense against polyspermy in case too many spermatozoa should be present in the ampulla at time of ovulation. PMID- 827385 TI - [Telencephalic afferents and efferents of viper (Vipera aspis L.) dorsal cortex, preliminary data]. AB - Telencephalic afferents and efferents of the dorsal cerebral cortex of the Viper were examined using neurohistological techniques of orthograde degeneration (Fink Heimer) and intra-axonal transport of HRP. Feed-back loops between the dorsal and medial cortex as well as between the dorsal cortex and septum were demonstrated. PMID- 827384 TI - [Photoperiod effect testicular physiology in the stone-marten (Martes foina Erx.)]. AB - The male Stone-Marten (Martes foina) has a well-defined sexual cycle with two very different phases: a breeding season (May-June) and a quiescent period (November-December). We can cause the onset of the testicular activity, during the quiescent phase, by an experimental increase of daylight (18 L-6 D). PMID- 827386 TI - [Autoradiographic study of ribosomal RNA metabolism during mitosis in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum]. AB - In Physarum polycephalum, the study of RNA metabolism just after metaphasis shows an important 3H-uridine incorporation. Most of the labelling is found in the nucleolus when we can see it again during interphasis. Therefore a ribosomal RNA synthesis does exist before any visible nucleolar structure. PMID- 827387 TI - [Cutaneous lesions with papillomatous structure associated with viruses in the green lizard (Lacerta viridis Laur.)]. AB - Numerous papillomata affecting the skin of the dorsal part of the body occur in a population of Lacerta viridis reared in the laboratory. Electron microscopic study of three of these growths revealed the presence of viral particles belonging, from the morphological aspect, to the groups of the viruses of Herpes, Reo and Papova. PMID- 827388 TI - [Application of resistivity measurements of lipid-water mixtures in the study of their structure]. AB - The structure of lipid-water phases was previously investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. The use of resistivity technique leads to the elucidation of these structures and their connection with the ionic movements in lipid-water phases. PMID- 827389 TI - [Structural and metabolic changes occuring during the contractile activity of isolated muscle fibers; microspectrophotometric study with polarized light of the ultraviolet region]. AB - The use of a technique of in vivo microspectrophotometry with ultraviolet polarized light on frog myocardial trabeculae or isolated fibers has indicated an increase in the fraction of oriented aromatic aminoacids and a decrease in the fraction of bounded nucleotides, during the contractile event. PMID- 827390 TI - [Synthesis of the 24 R and 24 S diastereoisomers of 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3)]. AB - The resolution of 5-cholestene-3 beta, 24 RS,25 triol 3,24-diacetate into the diastereoisomers 24 R and 24 S by means of liquid chromatography is described. Bromination, dehydrobromination and ultraviolet irradiation of both diastereoisomers led to 24 R,25 (OH)2D3 and 24 S,25 (OH)2D3 respectively. Their structure was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet and mass spectroscopy. PMID- 827391 TI - [Preliminary results of the use of a new rodent filaria, Dipetalonema dessetae (Bain, 1973), in the evaluation of filaricides]. AB - The sensitivity of this filarial worm living in his natural host has been identified with respect to 2 well known filaricidal compounds. With diethylcarbamazine the microfilaremia drops rapidly but not completely and a long term treatment destroys the adults. Suramin is toxic to the adults and to the microfilariae. This experimental model is therefore more sensitive than anything presently available. PMID- 827392 TI - [New approach to the hemodynamics of human essential hypertension. Study of mean values]. AB - A method of data analysis is proposed. Applied to the essential human hypertension study, the method put into evidence broken points in the evolution of certain hemodynamic parameters. These results could not be obtained by classical statistical analysis. PMID- 827393 TI - A comparative trial of hyposensitization in 1973 in the treatment of hay fever using Pollinex and Alavac-P. AB - A direct comparison was made in 112 hay fever patients of hyposensitization treatment with glutaraldehyde-pollen-tyrosine adsorbate (Pollinex) and with alum precipitated pyridine extract (Alavac-P) which is an accepted form of treatment, its efficacy having been shown by a comparative trial against a placebo preparation. No significant difference could be detected between the results of the two forms of treatment. Seventy-seven per cent of patients responded with improvement following treatment with the tyrosine adsorbed vaccine, and 81% of those receiving the alum-precipitated vaccine. Side effects from treatment, both local and general, were generally of an infrequent or mild nature for both vaccines. PMID- 827394 TI - A trial of hyposensitization in 1974/5 in the treatment of hay fever using glutaraldehyde-pollen-tyrosine adsorbate. AB - One hundred patients with hay fever were treated in 1974/5 with a glutaraldehyde pollen-tyrosine adsorbate, the response to treatment being assessed at the end of the hay fever season by direct questioning of the patient and examination of a daily record card. Successful results of treatment were recorded in 73% of all patients, results for both years being similar both for patients who had been previously hyposensitized and for those who had not previously received this form of treatment. Side reactions to treatment were generally infrequent or mild, and in only one patient was it necessary to discontinue treatment due to side reactions. PMID- 827395 TI - Liquid formulas for oral and tube feeding. PMID- 827396 TI - Effect of a large dose of thyrotrophin releasing factor on pituitary and thyroid function in patients with Parkinsonism. AB - Thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) was given intravenously in doses of 0-5 mg and 20 mg to six patients with Parkinsonism treated with L-dopa. Plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin, lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured before and after TRF infusion. The observation that FSH and LH did not change in response to either dose of TRF confirmed specificity of the effects TRF for certain anterior pituitary functions. The plasma TSH and prolactin levels achieved after 20 mg TRF were considerably greater and were maintained longer than those after 0-5 mg TRF. However, despite a seven fold increase in the overall TSH response, the T4 and T3 responses to 20 mg TRF were not significantly greater than those to 0-5 mg TRF. The explanation for this discrepancy between immunoreactive TSH levels and apparent biologic effect is unclear. PMID- 827397 TI - Transplacental gradients of sex-hormone-binding globulin in human and simian pregnancy. AB - An attempt has been made to clarify the degree and control of production of the concentration gradient of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) between human mother and fetus. SHBG was measured by an improved ammonium sulphate precipitation method using 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone as ligand. Maternal and fetal (cord blood) plasma SHBG was measured at delivery in twenty-three normal, four twin and one anencephalic pregnancies and in non-pregnant subjects. Comparison was also made with two macaque species, the rhesus monkey (M. mulatta) and the bonnet monkey (M. radiata), sampled shortly after delivery. In the human, a highly consistent gradient (mean 21-fold) was found between mother and fetus, which was independent of fetal sex and weight. Fetal but not maternal SHBG was significantly higher in the twin pregnancies. Maternal SHBG was 5-fold higher than in forty non-pregnant women, and fell with a half-life of 7-1 days immediately post-partium. In the two monkey species, SHBG with similar binding characteristics exists but levels were 2-5-fold higher in the non-pregnant adult females than in women. In pregnancy, maternal SHBG levels were unchanged in the bonnet (nine observations) and fell markedly in the rhesus monkey (twenty-three observations) ; levels in the infants were comparably low in all three species, though more variable in the monkeys. In seven bonnet moneky mother-infant paris sampled again 2 or 2 weeks later, SHBG had risen mardedly (mean 6-1-fold) in the infants as has been shown previously in the human. The species differences in the non-pregnant females and the mothers may in part be related to species differences in oestrogen production. The macaque moneky appears suitable for studying further the mechanism of the neonatal SHBG rise, in which oestrogens cannot be implicated but thyroid hormones may be involved. PMID- 827398 TI - Ehe diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 827399 TI - Basal and TRH-stimulated prolactin in patients with pituitary tumours. AB - The diagnostic value of the assessment of prolactin (PRL) secretion in reaction to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was investigated in twenty-four patients who had all radiological signs of a pituitary tumour and symptoms of hypogonadism and/or galactorrhoes. It was found that in these patients a PRL response to TRH can be present or absent, independent of the size of the tumour and/or the presence of suprasellar extension of the tumour. The measurement of several basal plasma PRL concentrations in combination with lateral tomography of the sella turcica seem to be a good screening for the existence of a prolactin producing pituitary adenoma and no important additional information is obtained by a TRH test. PMID- 827400 TI - [Endocrine function in acute pancreatitis; with special reference to the effects of infusion of high calorie fat emulsion]. PMID- 827401 TI - [Clinical experience using TRH-tartrate]. PMID- 827402 TI - [Abnormal reaction of GH to TRH and l-dopa stimulation in acromegaly]. PMID- 827404 TI - Enzymic histamine metabolism in guinea-pig skin and its role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. AB - Incubation of histamine with guinea-pig skin or with a particle-free supernatant fraction of homogenized skin caused progressive temperature dependent decay of histamine activity. The loss of histamine activity was due to enzymic degradation of histamine by diamine oxidase since it was reversed by aminoguanidine. Burimamide caused a similar though less marked reversal of histamine degradation. Studies using S-adenosylmethionine, an essential cofactor of histamine-N-methyl transferase suggested the presence in a latent form in guinea-pig skin of a second pathway for enzymic degradation of histamine involving N-methylation. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with aminoguanidine caused marked potentiation of the 72 hr homologous PCA reaction which suggests that histamine degradation is an important modulating factor in immediate allergic reaction in this species. PMID- 827403 TI - Sequential studies of lymphocyte responsiveness and antibody formation in acute bacterial meningitis. AB - Lymphocyte transformation responses in vitro were studied in eight patients with acute bacterial meningitis (in five due to Neisseria meningitidis). Sequential studies were done from 24--48 hr after the first symptoms of infection to complete recovery. In all cases lymphocyte transformation was depressed during the acute phases of illness. The responses to microbial antigens were more affected than the responses to mitogens. The course of the lymphocyte responses to the causative micro-organism showed no difference from the responses to other microbial species. A moderate shift towards increased sensitivity of the lymphocytes to lower doses of the causative micro-organism was observed during the course of illness in three cases. In N. meningitidis infection, a rapid rise was seen in the serum titres of complement-fixing antibodies and in the number of precipitating antibodies, whereas the rise in immunoglobulin concentrations was more prolonged. Characteristic patterns of elevation and return towards normal were found in the serum concentrations of the acute-phase reactants alpha1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and orosomucoid. It is concluded that the lymphocyte transformation responses in vitro during severe bacterial infection are largely governed by non-specific factors, and that studies of lymphocyte responses to micro-organisms should always include other microbial species as controls. PMID- 827406 TI - Experimental kerosene pneumonitis in primates: relevance to the therapeutic management of childhood poisoning. AB - 1. Fifteen baboons were utilized to investigate whether secondary bacterial invasion followed experimentally-induced kerosene pneumonia. They were divided into two groups and used as their own controls, following intratracheal injection of either normal saline or kerosene (0.3 ml/kg). 2. The baboons were X-rayed daily for 3 days and lung biopsies taken for histology, aerobic and anaerobic culture. When killed on day 4, all lungs were examined macroscopically, weighed and lung weight/body weight ratios calculated, while biopsy material was handled as above. 3. In spite of repeated anaesthesia, biopsies, pneumothoraces and atelectasis, no organisms were seen histologically, nor were any aerobic or anaerobic organismsm cultured. 4. The results strongly suggest that secondary bacterial infection following kerosene-induced pneumonitis is rare. PMID- 827407 TI - The functional significance of certain duplicate motor patterns on the cerebral cortex in primates including man. AB - Rotation elicitable from direct irritation or implantation of the cortical irritant, penicillin, in both rostral and posterior parts of the temporal operculum and on the island cortex in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) has been described and illustrated in photographs. The pathways to and from these temporal and island areas have been considered and the results obtained have been compared with related reports in the literature on rotation in monkeys and man. The probable role of the precentral and postcentral insular areas and their related paths to the contraction of the muscles (sometimes called the agonists) on the side of an extremity in the direction of movement of that extremity and the commensurate relaxation of the muscles (sometimes called the antagonists) cooperating with them on the other side of the extremity is discussed. PMID- 827405 TI - The heterocytotoxicity of human serum. III. Studies of the serum levels and distribution of activity in human populations. AB - A metabolic inhibition assay has been employed to investigate the distribution of serum heterocytotoxicity mediated by natural antibody activating the classical complement pathway and by antibody-independent activation of the alternative complement pathway in human serum samples derived from various groups of individuals. Levels in female cancer patients and in women taking oral contraceptives were significantly elevated over normal controls. Newborn infants exhibited approximately half of the average adult levels. Levels were maximally elevated in patients with visceral cancer, particularly in individuals with adenocarcinomas, while patients with sarcomas exhibited reduced levels. These and other data derived from the literature suggest that the metabolic inhibition assay may provide a useful measure of natural antibody and activation of the alternate complement pathway representative of mechanisms of natural immunity vs tumours. PMID- 827408 TI - Topography of the EEG: survey and prospects. AB - In the first part of the paper the purpose and aims of topographical approach to the understanding of the EEG are set out. Since the EEG is not identical with the electrical activity recorded directly from its generator layer, the neocortex, topographic methods applied to the human EEG recorded from the scalp are somewhat less informative than in experimental work on the exposed brain. The paper gives a brief historical survey of the most essential attempts in this field throughout the history of electroencephalography. After this, a few promising methods now in use, and their possible fields of application, are demonstrated. The paper ends with a view of the future. PMID- 827410 TI - Failure of positive feedback. AB - Failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit to release LH in response to oestrogen may be encountered with or without associated disturbance of negative feedback. Such positive feedback failures can be detected with the aid of an oestrogen provocation test. Application of this test in women presenting with anovulatory cycles permits one to distinguish between an hypothalamic or ovarian cause (e.g. deficient follicular development) for anovulation. In women with infrequent or absent menstruation and infertility an oestrogen provocation test, combined with basal gonadotrophin and prolactin measurement and pituitary response to LH-RH, may prove to be useful in selecting the appropriate treatment for induction of ovulation. PMID- 827409 TI - Patterns of gonadotrophins and gonadal steroids throughout life. PMID- 827412 TI - [Drugs, environment and teratogenesis]. PMID- 827411 TI - Clinical manifestations and end-organ effects associated with abnormal gonadotrophin release. PMID- 827413 TI - [Clinical study of a new anti-anginal combination: trinitroglycerine and SD/1601]. PMID- 827414 TI - [Re-evaluation of the action of salicylate on glucose and insulin blood levels in normal and diabetic subjects and possible interference with oral antidiabetic therapy]. PMID- 827415 TI - [Effects of glibenclamide on blood lipid changes induced by oral lipid load in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 827416 TI - [Siderochromatosis: biochemical, clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 827417 TI - A method of computing the distribution of a ligand among multiple binding sites on different proteins in plasma: thyroxine as an illustrative example. AB - This paper describes a computer program for estimating the amount of free or unbound ligand in the plasma as well as the distribution of the ligand among different sets of binding sites on different proteins. The input data consist of: the number and concentrations of proteins involved, the number of binding sites on each protein, the association constant and binding capacity of each set of sites for the ligand, and the total concentrations of ligand. The output provides tables of estimates of the concentration of free drug, the amount of ligand bound by each set of sites on each protein, the concentration of free protein, and the input values for reference. The distribution of thyroxine between thyroid binding globulin, prealbumin, human serum albumin and free drug is used as an illustrative example. PMID- 827418 TI - Prokaryotic DNA in nucleoid structure. AB - Recent studies of the structure of the bacterial nucleoid are reviewed. In the past 4 to 5 years results of electron microscopic and physical-chemical investigations of the isolated bacterial nucleoids have greatly advanced our understanding of this comparatively simple chromosome. Evidence for both long range and short-range conformational organization of the packaged DNA has emerged, and preliminary characterization of the molecular interactions organizing this structure has been accomplished. PMID- 827419 TI - Clinical evaluation of metolazone, a long-acting antihypertensive/diuretic. PMID- 827420 TI - Effects of prolonged administration of metolazone in the treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 827421 TI - Antihypertensive effect of prazosin alone and its combination with polythiazide in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 827422 TI - Variability in effect of low doses of prozosin in hypertensive Nigerians. PMID- 827423 TI - Double-blind evaluation of butorphanol and meperidine given intramuscularly before anesthesia. PMID- 827424 TI - Evaluation of choleretic activity of dihydroxydibutyl ether. PMID- 827425 TI - Deterioration of renal function with demeclocycline administration. PMID- 827427 TI - Reovirus antibodies among animals in Taiwan. AB - Serum specimens for reovirus antibody survey were collected from 60 pigs, 50 buffalos, 30 rabbits, 30 guinea pigs, 20 albino rats, 60 Swiss mice, 15 Taiwan monkeys, 14 goats and 12 dogs. Serum antibodies were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. HI antibodies to reovirus were found in a high percentage of pigs, albino rats, Swiss mice, dogs and goats, and less frequently in rabbits, guinea pigs, Taiwan monkeys and buffalos. PMID- 827426 TI - Determination of psychoactivity and cerebral bioavailability of danitracene (WA 335) by quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric investigations. PMID- 827428 TI - Distribution of RNA polymerase on Drosophila polytene chromosomes as studied by indirect immunofluorescence. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence visualization techniques we investigated the in situ distribution of RNA polymerase B on Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. The enzyme was found at many sites distributed throughout the genome in a pattern clearly distinct from that observed for histone H1, but it was especially concentrated in puffs induced by heat shock. PMID- 827429 TI - [Characteristics of surface structures of unicellular blue-green algae, revealed by electron microscopic cryofractography]. PMID- 827430 TI - [Regulatory properties of midgut membrane enzymes in insects]. PMID- 827431 TI - Developmental patterns of plasma and pituitary TSH and prolactin and hypothalamic TRH in the female rat. AB - In developing female rats, pituitary content and concentration of TSH and prolactin measured twice daily (1000 and 1600 h) were low during the first two weeks of life and increased markedly between day 15 and 30. AM-PM variations in pituitary levels of both hormones were apparent, particularly during this latter phase of development. Plasma TSH levels increased between days 5 and 12, showing peak values at this age. After day 15, levels declined gradually to reach a nadir shortly before puberty. At puberty, plasma TSH remained low, showing only minor fluctuations. No consistent AM-PM differences in plasma TSH were observed at any age studied. Plasma prolactin was low between day 5 and 15, increasing thereafter. Starting at day 10, AM-PM fluctuations in plasma levels were detected, titers being higher in the afternoon than in the mornings. It has already been reported (Endocrinology 98: 630, 1976) that during puberty this pattern becomes more evident, peak values being reached in the afternoon of the first proestrus. Hypothalamic TRH content increased between day 5 and 15, reaching a maximum at this age and declining thereafter to adult values. No qualitative changes in pituitary TSH during development were observed, as determined by exclusion chromatography. The existence of divergent patterns of plasma TSH and prolactin during female sexual maturation and the fact that hypothalamic TRH titers than with prolactin levels suggest that the mechanism(s) that stimulates pituitary release of these two hormones during sexual development is different. PMID- 827432 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone release by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in two males with isolated gonadotropin deficiency. AB - The pituitary functions were tested in two males with the typical clinical pictures of hypogonadism. The secretions of ACTH, TSH, GH and prolactin in these patients were maintained within normal limits, whereas they had markedly diminished LH and FSH levels in plasma. Plasma LH and FSH responses to the intravenous injection of 100 mug LH-RH were absent or limited. After 7-day treatment with intravenous infusion of 400 mug LH-RH, they showed normal or improved responses to the intravenous injection of 100 mug LH-RH. Thus, the diagnosis of isolated gonadotropin deficiency due to a hypothalamic lesion was established. Initially, the standard LH-RH test (100 mug intravenous injection) did not elicit a rise in plasma GH levels. However, it was of interest that after the repeated stimulation by 400 mug LH-RH, GH response to the intravenous injection of 100 mug LH-RH was observed in both patients. PMID- 827433 TI - Augmentation of thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone following inorganic iodide. AB - Eight euthryoid subjects were administered 500 mug of thyrotropin-releasing hormone intravenously before and after the administration of 10 mg potassium iodide daily for 7 days. Basal serum concentrations of TSH and the response of TSH to TRH were significantly increased following iodide treatment, while serum levels of T4 and T3 did not differ significantly. It is suggested that the administration of 10 mg/day of potassium iodide can produce similar changes in serum TSH to those in previous reports using large doses of iodide. PMID- 827434 TI - Serum levels of thyrotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine after oral administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients. AB - After peroral administration of TRH there were found elevated responses of TSH and HPr in hypothyroidism but not in hyperthyroidism. While the basal levels of TSH were elevated in hypothyroidism and depressed in hyperthyroidism, no such difference has been found in the case of basal levels of HPr. After TRH stimulation the levels of HGH decreased especially in hyperthyroidism; in patients with acromegaly serum HGH level increased after TRH. Serum T4 increased only in euthyroid persons after 2 and especially 24 hours, but not in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Mean values of serum T3 were elevated after TRH in all three groups, but the difference was significant only in euthyroid subjects. FT4I was increased in euthyroid person after TRH stimulation. PMID- 827435 TI - Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in Tetrahymena. AB - Epinephrine was found to enhance markedly glucose utilisation by the unicellular Tetrahymena. This suggests that epinephrine-sensitive receptors may be present in the membrane of the unicellular. PMID- 827436 TI - The binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S4 on 16-S ribosomal RNA from different bacterial species. AB - Ribosomal protein S4 of Escherichia coli was bound to 16-S ribosomal RNAs from several bacterial species and the complexes digested with pancreatic ribonuclease in an effort to isolate heterologous RNA binding sites for protein S4. 16-S RNAs from Aeromonas punctata, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Vibrio cuneatus each gave rise to protected fragments whose electrophoretic mobility was 7S, i.e. similar to that of the fragment generated from E. coli 16-S RNA using the same conditions. No comparable fragment was obtained from 16-S RNA of either Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus stearothermophilus, if E. coli protein S4 was present prior to digestion. The protected 7-S RNA fragment from A. punctata and the subfragments obtained from it by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions were characterized further by fingerprinting and nucleotide sequence analysis. The sequence of many of the T1 ribonuclease oligonucleotides was obtained and compared to those from the E. coli 7-S fragment. This has permitted a tentative identification of the sequences of A. punctata 16-S RNA which are protected by E. coli protein S4, namely, the regions homologous to the E. coli sequence from section M through C''. The fingerprints of the protected 7-S fragments from both P. fluorescens and V. cuneatus were sufficiently different from that of the E. coli 7-S fragment that no conclusions regarding sequence homologies could be drawn. PMID- 827437 TI - Chemical and enzymatic transformations of prostaglandin endoperoxides: evidence for the predominance of the 15-hydroperoxy pathway. AB - Cyclic prostaglandin endoperoxides prostaglandin G2 and H2 are intermediates formed in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. These endoperoxides can be converted chemically or enzymatically to prostaglandins E2, D2 and F2alpha. The effects of several reducing compounds on the chemical and enzymatic transformations of prostaglandins G2 and H2 were studied in order to determine the possible existence of two alternative enzymatic pathways for the conversion of prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandins. The chemical transformation of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandins by cleavage of the 9,11-cycloendoperoxide ring was unaffected by the presence of reduced glutathione, heme or tryptophan while hydroquinone and mercaptoethanol promoted the chemical reduction to prostaglandin F2alpha. In contrast the enzymatic transformation of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandins by a solubilized prostaglandin synthetase from sheep vesicular gland was unaffected by hydroquinone or mercaptoethanol, but was markedly stimulated by reduced glutathione to yield mainly prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin G2 transformation to prostaglandins involves cleavage of the 9,11-endoperoxide ring and a reduction of the 15-hydroperoxy group. The chemical reduction in buffer in the 15-hydroperoxy group is not affected by the presence of reduced glutathione, hydroquinone, heme or tryptophan. In contrast, the enzymatic reduction of the 15-hydroperoxy group is catalyzed by the solubilized prostaglandin synthetase and is further stimulated by reduced glutathione and hydroquinone. Results are presented which indicate that the enzymatic conversion of prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandins can proceed via two alternative pathways, one involving the intermediate formation of prostaglandin H2 and the other the formation of 15-hydroperoxy prostaglandins. The latter pathway appears to be the major pathway for the enzymatic conversion of prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandins. PMID- 827438 TI - The binding site of protein L1 on 23-S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli. 1. Isolation and characterization. AB - Ribonucleoproteins were prepared by ribonuclease digestion of a reconstitued complex of ribosomal protein L 1 and 23-S RNA from Escherichia coli. Three main ribonucleoproteins were identified. The largest was only obtained in an impure state at low ribonuclease concentration, whereas the two smaller ones, which were difficult to separate from one another electrophoretically, were stable over a range of enzyme concentrations. The two smaller ribonucleoproteins yielded a total of 13 RNA subfragments that were judged to be homogeneous electrophoretically. The latter were characterized for molecular weight and the subfragment composition of each of these ribonucleoproteins was established. Furthermore, the subfragments were shown to be maintained together in each ribonucleoprotein by RNA-RNA interactions. The primary and specific binding site of protein L1 was localized on one continuous RNA subfragment of about 110 nucleotides in length by two newly developed binding methods. PMID- 827439 TI - The binding site of protein L1 ON 23-S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli. 2. Identification of the rna region contained in the L1 ribonucleoproteins and determination of the order of the RNA subfragments within this region. AB - Ribonucleoproteins were obtained by T1 ribonuclease digestion of reconstitued complexes of ribosomal protein L1 AND 23-S RNA from Escherichia coli. The RNA region of the main ribonucleoprotein 2 was totally digested with T1 ribonuclease. The oligonucleotide products were characterised and they showed that this region comprises 148 nucleotides located between the 550th and 1000th necleotides from the 3' end of the 23-S RNA. Of the other two ribonucleoproteins, the largest ribonucleoprotein 1 contained an extra RNA sequence, of at least 15 nucleotides, that was located at the 5' end of the RNA region. The smallest ribonucleoprotein 3 lacked an RNA section towards the 3' end of the region. The order of the RNA subfragments and the enzymic cutting positions in the whole RNA region are given for the ribonucleoproteins. It is shown that protein L1 most strongly protects a continuous section of 115 nucleotides at the 5' end of the main RNA region. Finally, evidence is presented for a methylated base, and for two sequence heterogeneities, in this region of the 23-S RNA. PMID- 827441 TI - Purification and identification of a human-serum DNA-binding protein associated with malignant diseases. AB - A malignancy-associated human serum DNA-binding protein (C3DP protein), which was previously detected using dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, has been purified and characterized. This protein was isolated from human fetal cord serum by DNA cellulose affinity chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionations, DEAE cellulose chromatography, and Sephadex gel filtration. The molecular weight of purified C3DP protein has been shown to be 135000 by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis following disulfide bond reduction has revealed that this protein is composed of three subunits having molecular weights of 74000, 40000 and 22000. Carbohydrate has been demonstrated to be attached to the 74000 and 22000 molecular weight components. Immunochemical studies have revealed that the C3DP protein is a fragment of human complement component C3, which closely resembles C3c. PMID- 827440 TI - RNA sequences associated with proteins L1, L9, and L5, L18, L25, in ribonucleoprotein fragments isolated from the 50-S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - 32P-labelled 50-S subunits from Escherichia coli ribosomes were hydrolysed under conditions known to give rise to two specific ribonucleoprotein fragments, containing proteins L1, L9, and L5, L18 and L25 respectively. RNA corresponding to these ribonucleoproteins was isolated and purified, and the various RNA fragments obtained were subjected to oligonucleotide analysis. The results showed that the RNA associated with proteins L1 and L9 was very similar to the RNA found with protein L1 after controlled digestion of 23-S-RNA - L1 complexes (described elsewhere); this RNA lies within a region 550-1000 nucleotides from the 3' terminus of 23-S RNA. The RNA associated with proteins L5, L18, and L25 consisted predominantly of two species of similar size. One was 5-S RNA, and the other a fragment of 23S RNA, lying within the region 450-1000 nucleotides from the 3' terminus. PMID- 827442 TI - Poly(A)-containing RNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Poly(A)-containing RNAs with sedimentation coefficients in the range 10-45 S and 10-35 S (Mr 0.2-3.3 x 10(6) and 0.2-2.2 x 10(6) approximately) are present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of T. pyriformis respectively. The poly(A) segments present in both nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNAs have a chain length of 80 - 150 nucleotides. Significant amounts of high-molecular-weight poly(A) containing RNAs (35 S, Mr 2.2 x 10(6) are found in the post-polysomal fraction of the cytoplasm (messenger ribonucleoprotein particles?) and also in large polysomes. In order to exclude the possibility that these high-molecular-weight species are products of non-specific aggregation, RNA preparations were submitted to severe denaturing conditions before analysis and all electrophoreses were carried out in the presence of 95% (v/v) formamide. PMID- 827443 TI - Human coagulation factor IX. Isolation and characterization. AB - Human coagulation factor IX was purified by two ion-exchange chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, heparin-Sepharose chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and immunoadsorbent technique. Factor IX was homogeneous by ordinary and sodium dodecylsulphate disc electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid analyses and ultracentrifugation and by immunological criteria. The following molecular data were observed: 1. Sedimentation equilibrium indicated a molecular weight of 66100 and sedimentation velocity gave S20,W = 3.97 S. A partial specific volume of -v = 0.712 ml/g was calculated from the amino acid and carbohydrate composition. 2. Sodium dodecylsulphate disc gel electrophoresis suggested a molecular weight of 65000. 3. Gel filtration indicated a Stokes radius of 4.08 nm, and 'a molecular weight' of 72000, as well as a diffusion coefficient D20,W = 5.15 X 10(-7) cm2 s-1 and a frictional ratio f/fo = 1.54. 4. Tyrosine was the N-terminal amino acid. The amino acid composition is described. Factor IX contained approximately 17.5% carbohydrate, which includes 4.7% hexose, 6.8% N-acetylhexosamine and 6% sialic acid. 5. Microheterogeneity of pure factor IX was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric points of the major components lay within range of pH 4.0 to 4.6. 6. The antibody raised in rabbits against the pure factor IX did not react with the other vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors measured by coagulation factor assays or immunodiffusion in gels. PMID- 827444 TI - Microtubular proteins in pigeon erythrocyte membranes. AB - [3H]Colchicine binds in a concentration and temperature dependent, saturatable and noncooperative manner to cytoplasmic proteins from pigeon erythrocytes: Kd = 3.5 x 10(-7) M at 37 degrees C. Binding of [3H] colchicine at 0 degrees C and of [3H]lumicolchicine at 37 degrees C was significantly reduced. Hence microtubular proteins are present in the cytoplasm of pigeon erythrocytes. Antibody against bovine brain tubulin was raised in rabbits and confirmed by immunodiffusion, passive immunohaemolysis and in radioimmunoassay. Pigeon erythrocyte membrane proteins solubilized with 2% sodium cholate competed with 125I-labelled tubulin in the radioimmununoassay although much higher concentrations of membrane proteins than of purified bovine brain tubulin were required for effective competition. No binding to antibody occurred with boiled solubilized membrane preparations. Similar results were obtained with antitubulin-dependent passive immunohaemolysis of tubulin-coated sheep erythrocytes in the presence of complement. The presence of tubulin in membranes was verified by binding intact pigeon erythrocytes to colchicine-Sepharose beads at 37 degrees C. Free colchicine (5mM) or incubation at 0 degrees C prevented binding. Lumicolchicine Sepharose beads did not attach to erythrocytes at 37 degrees S. Thus pigeon erythrocyte membranes contain microtubular protein. PMID- 827445 TI - Separation of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by affinity chromatography on 5' AMP-Sepharose. AB - The mitochondrial and glyoxysomal isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from watermelon cotyledons and the mitochondrial isoenzyme from pig heart adsorbed reversibly to 5'-AMP-Sepharose. They were specifically eluted with low concentrations of NADH rather than by NAD. In contrast, the cytoplasmic isoenzymes showed no affinity to the matrix-bound ligand. These binding properties are discussed in terms of structural and regulatory differences of the particulate and soluble malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. Affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP-Sepharose significantly improved the purification of the particulate malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes with respect to homogeneity, yield, and the number of purification steps. In the case of the glyoxysomal isoenzyme it was the essential procedure to obtain complete purification of the enzyme. PMID- 827446 TI - Transcription in vitro of phi29 DNA and EcoRI fragments by Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. AB - EcoRI fragments A, B and C produced from linear phi29 DNA, but not D or E fragments, are transcribed by purified Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. The transcription of fragments A and C is initiated preferentially with GTP and to a lesser extent with ATP; the reverse happens in the case of fragment B. The dinucleotides GpU and GpA respectively, compete specifically with the incorporation of [gamma-32P]GTP directed by fragments A and C. The RNA synthesized in vitro by purified B. subtilis RNA polymerase is highly asymmetric. Most of the RNA synthesis directed by fragments A and C is early RNA. However, most of the RNA produced by fragment B is anti-late-RNA. Addition of crude extracts inhibit the transcription of fragment B but not that of fragments A and C. PMID- 827447 TI - Isolation and characterization of poly(glycosyl)ceramides (megaloglycolipids) with A, H and I blood-group activities. AB - Very complex glycosphingolipids with A, H and I blood-group activities were isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. The membranes were obtained from erythrocytes of blood group A, A2 and O respectively. A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27. A-active preparations contain additionally 2-3 residues of N-acetylgalactosamine. In view of the unusual complexity of these compounds they were designated poly(glycosyl)ceramides (formerly megaloglycolipids). Individual poly(glycosyl)ceramide fractions were isolated from A erythrocytes and were found to differ by about 8 glycosyl residues per molecule forming a series of compounds with 22, 30, 38, 51 and 59 glycosyl residues per mole. Structural studies indicate that the main sequence of poly(glycosyl)ceramides consists of the residues of galactopyranose and 2-deoxy-2-acetamidoglucopyranose substituted at 3 and 4 position respectively. These residues are probably alternating. N Acdtylglucosamine substituted at 3 position was not found in poly(glycosyl)ceramides. Brances of poly(glycosyl)ceramides originate from 3 and 6 position of galactopyranosyl residues. The number of branches is proportional to the degree of molecular complexity. In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc). In poly(glycosyl)ceramides from A cells the total number of A and H-active structures per average molecule of 30-35 glycosyl residues amounts to 2.1 and 1.2 respectively while the number of terminal galactose structures is 1.8. For poly(glycosyl)ceramides from A2 erythrocytes the corresponding figures are 0.75, 3.5, and 2.1 respectively. Poly(glycosyl)ceramides from O cells comprise about 3.8 H-active structures and 1.8 terminal galactopyranosyl residues. In poly(glycosyl)ceramides with high "n" values the number of terminal galactose structures is increased. These fractions display high blood-group I activity. However, the removal of terminal galactose with beta-galactosidase affects I-activity only slightly. PMID- 827448 TI - Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoles as an indicator of in vivo growth of P815X2 mastocytoma. PMID- 827449 TI - Chemical composition of cynomolgus monkey milk. AB - Milk samples from eight cynomolgus monkeys whose lactation period ranged 44-119 days were investigated for their gross chemical composition such as total solids, crude protein, lipids, lactose and ash. Nitrogen distribution, compositions of fatty acids, amino acids and triglycerides as well as major minerals were also determined. These analytical data were compared with those reported for man, simian and cow, and cynomolgus monkey milk was found to have close similarities to human milk. PMID- 827450 TI - [Efficiency of heat exchanging equipment in a laboratory animal facility (author's transl)]. AB - The efficiency of the so-called econovent heat exchanging equipment located in the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, was measured as follows: The air velocity was decreased to about 64% of that with the fresh air ducts, but a sufficient air volume was supplied maintaining an air change of 12 times per hour or more. The efficiency of the econovent showed a little difference depending upon air conditioning systems. The average efficiencies were 81%, 75% and 76% for temperature, absolute humidity and enthalpy, respectively. The energy required for the air conditioning in this facility in September 1975 and January 1976 estimated by enthalpy hour almost agreed with that estimated using a calorie meter or steam meter. It was assumed that a total of 63% and 60% energy were saved in the cooling and heating seasons, respectively, using the econovent. PMID- 827451 TI - Improved tumour yields by means of a TPA-DMBA-TPA variation of the Berenrlum Mottram experiment on the back skin of NMRI mice. The effect of stationary hyperplasia without inflammation. AB - Application of the phorbol ester TPA to the back skin of NMRI mice 14 times within a period of 7 weeks causes a stationary hyperplasia, with a corresponding increase in the labelling index of the basal cells from 1% to 14%. By initiation of skin, which has been pretreated with TPA in this way, with the carcinogen DMBA, followed by continued treatment with TPA (initiation-promotion corresponding to the classical Berenblum-Mottram experiment) the tumour yield (papillomas, carcinomas) is very much higher than that obtained using the scheme of the normal Berenblum-Mottram experiment. The preliminary induction of a stationary hyperplasia with high rates of nucleic acid synthesis must be considered an important co-factor in epidermal carcinogenesis. PMID- 827452 TI - Potential antiinflammatory agents N-carboxyalkyl derivatives of barbituric acid. AB - The synthesis and investigation of the structure of N-carboxyalkyl derivatives of barbituric acids are described. In the solid state 3-carboxymethyl-1 phenylbarbitone has the structure of a hemiketal, the corresponding 1-cyclohexyl derivative was not cyclized to the hemiketal and 3-carboxymethyl-5-ethyl-1 phenylbarbituric acid was a mixture of the cyclized and open structures. Some of the compounds were found to be very weak inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 827454 TI - [The use of glutaraldehyde in dentistry]. PMID- 827453 TI - [Prostaglandins, their derivatives and analogs]. PMID- 827455 TI - [Relationship between the effect of micropolarization of animal brain structures and the functional state of the nervous system]. PMID- 827456 TI - [Dynamics of lateralization of delayed spatial choice following electrical stimulation of the monkey brain]. PMID- 827457 TI - [Hemostatic properties of tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in thyrotoxicosis and during parenterl nitrogenous feeding]. PMID- 827459 TI - Nuclear activity and cell division in the microcysts of Myxococcus fulvus demonstrated by electron micrography of sections. AB - Electron micrographs of sectioned fruiting bodies confirm that, in Myxococcus fulvus, approximately 10% of mature microcysts show appearances interpretable as typical bacterial nuclear activity and cell division. This suggests a simple mechanism for fruiting body development, and its existence bears upon the validity of the classical descriptions of microcyst maturation in myxobacteria. PMID- 827458 TI - [Intraportal administration of islands of Langerhans to diabetic rats. Comparison of the effects of glucose administered by the oral or parenteral route on glucose tolerance and blood insulin (proceedings)]. PMID- 827461 TI - A sex-specific, temperature-sensitive maternal effect of the daughterless mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Every aspect of the phenotype of the daughterless (2-41.5) maternal effect mutation was found to be strongly temperature sensitive. Above 22 degrees, da/da mothers produced no daughters; however female progeny did survive the da maternal effect if the last 60 hours of oogenesis and the first three hours of embryonic development took place at 18 degrees. The females which survived under these conditions displayed morphological abnormalities in a variety of adult cuticular structures, characterisitc of cell death during development. In contrast, their male siblings were morphologically normal. Upon prolonged exposure to 29 degrees, da/da females became sterile but continued to lay eggs. Some sexually mosaic progeny from da/da mothers survived even at 25 degrees, but the distribution and development of the female tissue in these mosaics were abnormal. It is suggested that there are multiple functions of the da+ gene during oogenesis, one of which may be required specifically for the subsequent survival of female cells throughout the embryo. In addition to and distinct from its effect during oogenesis, the da mutation acted in both sexes of progeny as a recessive temperature-sensitive lethal mutation with a TSP during the first half of embryonic development. PMID- 827460 TI - [Morpho-functional changes of left ventricle produced by sublingual nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - Two successive left ventriculargraphs [in basal conditions and after Nitroglycerin (TNG)] were performed with the same technical procedures in 20 patients before coronary arteriography. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fraction were studied following Greene's modified method. Diastolic and systolic ventricular projected images were divided into four zones and their variations were evaluated after TNG. Two patients did not show any significant abnormality (pseudoangor); two others suffered from cardiomyopathy (myocardosis) with mitral regurgitation and no coronary artery disease; two had restrictive cardiomyopathy. Fourteen had a coronary artery disease: seven of them had signs of end-systolic mitral regurgitation. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased and ejection fraction increased after TNG in all of these cases except in the two suffering from cardiomyopathy (ESV increased and EF decreased). Mitral regurgitation disappeared in all of them. In patients with coronary artery disease and mitral regurgitation the volume variations were slighter, and the increase of EF was larger than in the other cases. Finally, a decrease in asynergic and hypokinetc zones was observed, whereas no variations were seen in diskinetic zones. TNG can improve left ventricular kinetics by decreasing the pre load, the after-load and myocardial oxygen consumption. Demonstration of this improvement could be of prognostic value. PMID- 827462 TI - [UV-mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis. VI. Mutagenesis under conditions of experimental delay of post-radiation DNA replication]. AB - To test a suggestion that mutation frequency decline (MFD) in UV-irradiated bacteria starved by nitrogen sources is caused by long delay of the first postradiation cycle of DNA replication, we used a strain 1201-05 of Bacillus subtilis 168 (ade6 met5tsdnaC) which does not synthesize DNA at 42 degrees C. In a suspension of UV-irradiated cells of this strain which is incubated at 42 degrees in liquid deprived by nitrogen sources, a decrease of frequencies of Ade+ and Met+ revertants is observed. This shows that the mechanism responsible for MFD normally operates at higher temperature. Such a level of decline is not observed in a suspension incubated in nutritional medium when the DNA replication is blocked by non-permissive temperature for the same period as in starved cells. On the basis of these facts it is concluded that MFD in suspension of bacteria starved by nitrogen sources can not be caused only by delay of postradiation replication of DNA. PMID- 827463 TI - [Genetic markers and several indices of immune reactivity]. AB - The highest changes of blood serum proteinogramm were observed within the first week after anti-typhus-paratyphus-tetanus vaccination in persons with haptoglobin of 2-2 type, especially in combination with NN and MN blood groups of MN system. The most intense increase of antibody titer to typhoid bacillus was observed in a month after the vaccination in persons with 2-2 type of haptoglobin. The combination of MN (Hp 2-2) blood group is more frequent in bronchial asthma patients than in the normal population. PMID- 827464 TI - Behavioural pleiotropy of the yellow gene in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 827465 TI - Position effect suppression of ribosomal RNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster: non-autonomous in gynandromorphs? PMID- 827466 TI - [Parenteral feeding of patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 827467 TI - [Nonviable Koch bacilli in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 827468 TI - Antigenic relations between Trichomonas vaginalis and human spermatozoa. PMID- 827469 TI - A case of gonadal dysgenesis-syndrome of Shereshevsky-Turner, having developed infarct of the myocardium in comparatively young age. PMID- 827470 TI - Pharmacologic and phytochemical study of Spartium junceum L. PMID- 827471 TI - Application of the kinetosphygmography in the phase analysis of the mechanical systole. PMID- 827473 TI - Comparative radioindicator and laboratory examinations of the functional condition of the liver in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 827472 TI - Electrophoretic and immunologic characteristics of the serumal and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins by the hyperkinetic progressive panencephalitis. PMID- 827474 TI - Influence of chlorazine and thiopental on the accumulation of iodine-131 in the thyroid gland of white rats. PMID- 827475 TI - Cytological investigation on the cells of the peritoneal cavity after magnetic field action. PMID- 827476 TI - Secretory function of the stomach after drainage operations with different vagotomies in case of chronic duodenal, ulcer. PMID- 827478 TI - Two new coccidians from passeriform birds. AB - A description is given of two new coccidians, Caryospora jiroveci sp.n. from Erithacus rubecula and Eimeria depuytoraci sp.n. from Sylvia curruca. This is the second finding of a Caryospora species from passeriform birds and the first finding of an Eimeria species from sylviids. PMID- 827477 TI - Contribution to the understanding of the life-cycle of Sarcocystis of the short tailed vole Microtus agrestis. AB - Attempts were made to transmit to clean voles a species of Sarcocystis found in the muscle of the European short-tailed vole Microtus agrestis, by inoculation of bradyzoites, feeding of infected muscle and feeding of faeces collected from voles and cats fed on infected vole flesh. Transmission was not achieved. The results are discussed in the light of the positive findings reported in the older literature with other rodent Sarcocystis spp. and the recent elucidation of the coccidian life-cycle of several species of Sarcocystis. In view of the reported successful faecal transmission of Sarcocystis of Mus musculus, mouse-to-mouse by "coccidia-like bodies" and cat-to-mouse by sporocysts and by oocysts, it is suggested that more than one species of Sarcocystis involving the same or different final hosts may infect a single rodent species. It is furthermore speculated that the Sarcocystis species of Microtus, with which this paper is mainly concerned, will be found to undergo a coccidian sexual developmental cycle in the intestinal tissue of wild vole predators, e.g. mustelids or owls. PMID- 827479 TI - Relationship of oocysts of "Isospora duteonis" from the barn-owl (Tyto alba) to muscle cysts of sarcosporidians from the house mouse (Mus musculus). PMID- 827480 TI - Cycles of activity, group composition, and diet of Lemur mongoz mongoz Linnaeus 1766 in Madagascar. AB - A preliminary study of the ecology and behavior of Lemur mongoz mongoz was carried out in the northwest of Madagascar. The animals were observed for approximately 250 h in July till August, 1973, and for 50 h in June, 1974. L.m.mongoz has been reported to be diurnal and to live in groups of 6-8 individuals. However, we found the animals to be nocturnal and that groups contained an adult male, an adult female and their offspring (groups numbering from 2 to 4 individuals). L.m.mongoz is thus the only species of the genus Lemur studied to date that is active exclusively at night and that lives in family groups. L.m.mongoz was also found to have a very specialized diet. During our study, it was observed to feed on only five species of plant and mainly on the nectar-producing parts (flowers and nectaries) of four of these species. It spent most of its feeding time licking nectar from the flowers of the kapok tree, Ceiba pentandra, and is probably a major pollinator of this tree in Madagascar. In Africa and South and Central America, the kapok tree is usually bat-pollinated. A dietary preference for nectar, although common among bats, has not previously been observed in primates. PMID- 827481 TI - Fishing behaviour in Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy, 1812 (Prosimiae; Lorisiformes; Galagidae). AB - Fishing behaviour was first observed in Galago crassicaudatus. Some of the animals (Maria, Werner, Ilse) was born in the wild, some in captivity in family groups [Welker, 1972]. The colony had been under permanent observation since 1971. The following results were obtained: (1) One animal had to begin with fishing behaviour. (2) The other animals learned it by watching one animal fishing. (3) Animals born in captivity, deceived by the refraction of the water, grasped constantly too high. PMID- 827483 TI - Composition of lemur milk. AB - The average composition of 8 samples of milk from Lemur catta, L. fulvus, L. macaco and a hybrid lemur was (in g/100 mt): lipids, 2.3; protein, 2.7; lactose, 6.4; and ash, 0.35. The fatty acids and major minerals were also quantified. The results did not support classification of L. fulvus and L. macao within the same species. PMID- 827484 TI - Comparative study of the banding patterns of the chromosomes of Cercopithecidae. I. Subfamily Papinae: Macaca fascicularis and Papio sphinx. AB - The diploid number of Macaca fascicularis and Papio sphinx is 42. All chromosomes are biarmed. Using G-banding techniques, the complements of these two species have been compared. The topography of the bands is identical in all but one chromosome pair, showing a small pericentric inversion. The results indicate the existence of an extreme conservation in the arrangement of the genetic material and that changes at the gene level may have contributed to speciation in the Papinae. PMID- 827482 TI - Hematological development of the infant squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Hematologic developmental norms from infant squirrel monkeys indicate a relative maturation of the hematopoietic system by 16 weeks. The elevated hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, MCV and MCH at birth are followed by a decreasing hemoglobin (decreasing red blood cell count and MCV) until 4 weeks of age. A reticulocytosis then occurs until the hemoglobin level approximates adult concentrations by 16 weeks of age with gradual changes in this as well as hematocrit, red blood cell count, MCV and MCH thereafter. Total leukocytes and segmented neutrophils are elevated at birth and decrease rapidly in the first 2 weeks, reaching stabile values by 16 weeks. An opposite trend is seen with the lymphocyte population. Plasma protein and albumin concentrations show a nadir at 2 weeks of age with the albumin levels stabilizing by 10 weeks and the total protein concentration continuing to increase throughout the 1st year. PMID- 827485 TI - Genus Cebus Q- and G-band karyotypes and natural hybrids. AB - The Q- and G-band analyses of Cebus capucinus, Cebus albifrons and Cebus apella are presented. The study is based on the results obtained from 18 specimens of the genus. For almost all of them, their exact locality is known. The data presented include the statement of two natural hybrids from C. capucinus and C. albifrons. On an evolutionary basis our results agree with the taxonomic concepts which postulate more similarity between C. capucinus and C. albifrons than between C. capucinus and C. apella. Furthermore, the comparative study of the Q- and G-band patterns indicates an independent chromosome evolution for C. albifrons and C. apella derived from a common ancestor more similar to C. capucinus. PMID- 827486 TI - Genetical distance and dermatoglyphic characters. I. Interpopulation distance coefficients. AB - The distance coefficients between two relatively isolated population groups in Poland, based on various combinations of dermatoglyphic non-measurable characters were estimated. These were compared with the overall dermatoglyphic distance coefficients estimated separately for left and right, as well as with the serologic distance coefficient, based on ABO, Rh and Duffy blood groups. Dermatoglyphic distance coefficients, estimated from quantitative variables (pattern intensities) using Penrose's C2H analysis of variance method, were also introduced for a comparison. The differences in frequencies between two populations, separately for each character, were also compared with its heritability values. PMID- 827487 TI - Blood group genetic studies in an urban Chinese population. AB - The distribution of the blood group systems ABO, Rhesus, MNSs and P was studied in all or some of 1,007 Singapore Chinese, ABO gene frequencies were found to be consistent with previous studies and did not vary significantly between dialects. An individual of phenotype A2B was detected although the population showed no other evidence for the A2 gene. The possible significance of this observation in terms of weak H alleles in the population is discussed. The frequencies of the MNSs genes are consistent with previous studies. Two subjects appeared to lack the NA component of the N antigen. The frequency of the R1 gene of the Rhesus system was lower than has been detected previously and may relate to dialect differences. No examples of the CW antigen were detected. The P blood group distribution appears to be subject to regional variation. It is concluded that classification of Chinese into dialect groups is a useful way of assessing genetic heterogeneity. PMID- 827488 TI - Genetic studies among endogamous groups of Saraswats in Western India. AB - Three groups of Saraswat Brahmans in Western India and a group of Goan Catholics ethnologically related to Saraswats were studied for various genetic markers. Saraswats have higher A than B with an Rh(D)-negative incidence ranging from 10 to 17%. All the groups have low incidence of G-6-PD deficiency (up to 1%). Incidence of thalassaemia trait ranges from 1 to 6%. Gm(1) was present in 85-87%. Intergroup differences suggest genetic closeness between the various groups with genetic distance ranging from 0.8 to 1.5. Genetic relationship between Goan Catholics and Chitrapur Saraswats confirms the ethnological and historical evidence of relationship between the two groups. PMID- 827490 TI - Purification & properties of a cyclic amide hydrolyzing enzyme. PMID- 827489 TI - Ultrastructural differentiation during embryonic Drosophila myogenesis in vitro. AB - Cultures of embryonic Drosophila melanogaster cells were examined by electron microscopy and events in myogenesis were recorded. Thick and thin myofilaments, T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum all appeared at about the same time, 10.5 hr. This was about 5 hr after the final division of myoblasts and about the time that muscle cells were elongating, aligning and fusing. Sarcoplasm typical of insect muscle was detected by 18.5 hr, as were myotendonal and tendocuticular junctions. Two populations of myocytes were detected, the cytoplasm of one more electron dense than the other. The only previous report of myofibrilogenesis in invertebrate embryos had described novel mechanisms. In Drosophila embryonic material, however, the sequence of myofibrilogenesis resembled that in postembryonic insect or vertebrate material. PMID- 827491 TI - Peptides from mycobacillin--negative sporeformer mutants of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 827492 TI - Properties of ribose reductase from a flavinogenic culture of Eremothecium ashbyii. PMID- 827493 TI - Properties of catachol-2,3-oxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 827494 TI - Effect of near-ultraviolet radiation on growth and respiration of Bacillus cereus T. PMID- 827495 TI - Amino acid sequence of the first hypervariable region of 2 kappa and 2 lambda Bence Jones cryoglobulin. PMID- 827496 TI - Structural basis for the specificity of phosphorylcholine-binding immunoglobulins. PMID- 827497 TI - Mental development in severe protein calorie malnutrition (a study of 252 children and 25 mothers). PMID- 827498 TI - [The definition of malnutrition]. PMID- 827499 TI - [Serum concentrations of endogenously released non-esterified fatty acids in intensive care patients]. AB - The unesterified fatty acids (UEFA) in the serum are the only connection for the supply of fatty acids for energy or structural purposes of the organism when external nutrition is interrupted and the reserves in the fat-stores are mobilized. Only the UEFA are representativ for this mechanism. As a part of an investigation-program on the fat-metabolism and its relation to energy-balance under different and defined metabolic states the supply of energy-producing substrates from the longterm energy stores was investigated in 24 patients from the intensive care unit over a period of 20 days. Because controverse interpretations of mechanisms in the energy metabolism in the stressed phase of the organism after traumata aso. exist in the literature the influence of therapeutical and nutritional actions on fat mobilizing process was evaluated by quantitative analysis of the different fatty acids in the fraction of UEFA in the serum. The linoleic acid was of a special interest for which a sufficient supply over the period of investigation can be demonstrated. PMID- 827500 TI - [Effect of nutritive measures on an antibody]. AB - Patients of the surgical department of the university of Erlangen were investigated in regard of the influence of a complete parenteral nutrition on the reaction of tetanus anti-bodies. It was shown that by parenteral nutrition with amino-acids, carbohydrates and electrolytes with a nitrogen calory quote of 150 the immunresponse in contrary to a nutrition regime without amino-acids is markedly improved. PMID- 827501 TI - [Nutritional problems in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Hypocaloric nutrition in patients during the first days of myocardial infarction cannot be suggested any longer. Because of several reasons the minimum calory uptake should be about 2000 kcal/per day. Patients with enddiastolic pulmonary artery pressures above 20 mm Hg which is especially a high risk group should be treated parenterally with solutions of carbohydrates, insulin, and potassium. This regimen appears to be of a special importance at beginning shock or during cardiogenic shock. PMID- 827502 TI - Do hippocampal lesions produce amnesia in animals? PMID- 827503 TI - [What is achieved by the therapy with oral antidiabetics?]. PMID- 827504 TI - Studies on the particles of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group). AB - Isopycnic centrifugation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group) in a CsCl gradient produced up to four bands at densities 1.38, 1.36, 1.30 and 1.28 g/ml. The particles in the bands had sedimentation coefficients of 380-400S, 520 530S, 270-280S and 320-330S, respectively. Whereas the 1.38 and 1.36 g/ml particles contained RNA, the 1.30 and 1.28 g/ml particles lacked RNA. Upon heating at 37 degrees, the 1.36 g/ml particles broke down into particles of higher and lower density. PMID- 827505 TI - The Illinois Health Education Consortium. PMID- 827506 TI - Professional preparation in international/intercultural settings. PMID- 827507 TI - A national study of competency based health education programs. PMID- 827508 TI - Accreditation: who does what? PMID- 827509 TI - Patient education: a comparison of viewpoints. PMID- 827510 TI - Accreditation and trends in professional preparation. At the threshold of a new era. PMID- 827512 TI - Statement on the role and responsibilities of hospitals and other health care institutions in personal and community health education. Approved by the American Hospital Association, May 15-17, 1974. PMID- 827511 TI - Statement on patient education. Adopted by the American Medical Association House of Delegates, June 1975. PMID- 827513 TI - University of Arkansas fair as professional preparation. PMID- 827514 TI - A health fair for elementary children. PMID- 827515 TI - Helping parents teach about death. PMID- 827516 TI - Early safety education. PMID- 827517 TI - Meeting the challenges of parenthood. PMID- 827518 TI - The student interview technique. PMID- 827520 TI - Coping with violence. PMID- 827519 TI - A healthy consumer health class. PMID- 827521 TI - A humanistic-individualized approach to drug education. PMID- 827522 TI - Alternate states of consciousness in health education. PMID- 827523 TI - Health education celebration. PMID- 827524 TI - Redefining the future of health education. PMID- 827525 TI - Preparing the entry level community health educator. PMID- 827526 TI - A course in world health problems. PMID- 827527 TI - Schools Council project: health education. PMID- 827529 TI - Health education internationally. The developed and developing worlds. PMID- 827528 TI - The organization of community health education: a case for strategic integration. PMID- 827530 TI - Day care expansion in Vietnam. PMID- 827531 TI - How does medical care in Sweden compare with that in the United States? PMID- 827532 TI - SODA: models to teach about drugs and self-esteem. PMID- 827534 TI - The adjunct professor in international health education. PMID- 827533 TI - A travel-study health education course in England and Scotland. PMID- 827535 TI - An inferred chiasma map of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The chiasma map of D. melanogaster is inferred from the genetic map, giving correspondences between physical and genetic locations. Crossing-over is reduced near the centromere and telomeres. If chiasmata occur preferentially near the telomere they must be distal to genetic loci. A precept of Bridges and Morgan is discussed, which Drosophila genetics neglected but chromosome mapping in other organisms should follow. PMID- 827536 TI - Changing penicillin resistance of the gonococcus in Thailand. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin in units per milliliter were determined for 2.241 gonococcal isolates submitted to the SEATO Medical Research Laboratory between January 1, 1972, and December 31, 1974. Isolates were separated into 3 groups, determined by the calender year in which they were submitted. The mean penicillin MIC+/-2 standard errors was calculated for each of the 3 groups. These values were 0.58+/-0.02 units/ml in 1972, 0.72+/-0.04 units/ml in 1973, and 1.05+/-0.04 units/ml in 1974. These means were found to be significantly different (p less than 0.0001). PMID- 827537 TI - Preliminary studies in the clinical use of a bicarbonate containing growth medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that the gaseous carbon dioxide atmosphere used for growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae could be replaced by the addition of sodium bicarbonate directly to the growth medium. A comparative growth study was initiated using the Transgrow system and the bicarbonate system, Nei-Carb. The Nei-Carb system displayed several obvsiou advantages over the Transgrow system. It required less incubation space, the bicarbonate concentrations can be regulated more readily than concentration of gaseous CO2, and individual plates can be examined without disturbing the atmosphere of other incubating plates. The preliminary results indicate that the Nei-Carb system can be utilized as a medium for primary isolation of gonococci. For every positive culture detected by the Transgrow system a corresponding positive culture was detected by the Nei-Carb system. Moreover, four strains of N gonorrhoeae grew in the Nei-Carb system that would not grow in the Transgrow system using gaseous CO2. On further examination of these strains it was found that they required a much higher concentration of bicarbonate for growth than did those which grew readily in a gaseous CO2 atmosphere. PMID- 827538 TI - Tetracycline in the treatment of uncomplicated male gonorrhea. AB - A clinical trial was performed to test a loading dose regimen of tetracycline (1.5 gm po sTAT and 0.5 mg po quid for 4 days) against a no-loading dose (0.5 gm po quid for 4 1/2 days) in the treatment of 477 cases of uncomplicated male urogenital gonorrhea. The regimens were equivalent, with an overall cure rate of 96%. A crossover pharmacokinetic study in 10 healthy volunteers demonstrated higher blood levels during the first day on the loading regimen, but equivalence thereafter. Tetracycline, in a total dose of 9.5 gm, is highly effective treatment, and a loading dose is not necessary. PMID- 827539 TI - The total structure of cerexin A (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XVI. AB - The constituent fatty acid of cerexin A was elucidated to be beta-hydroxy isoundecanoic acid by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The asparaginyl asparagine linkage in the amino acid sequence of the antibiotic, which has been previously described, was proved to be a normal alpha carboxylpeptide bond by dehydration-reduction procedure. The three asparagine residues in the sequence were isolated separately and their chiralities were determined. The structure of cerexin A was concluded from the above results. PMID- 827540 TI - The structure of cerexin B (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XVII). AB - The structure of cerexin B was examined. The constitutent fatty acids were elucidated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to be beta-hydroxy isodecanoic acid, beta-hydroxy decanoic acid, beta-hydroxy isoundecanoic acid and beta-hydroxy anteisoundecanoic acid. The configurations of constituent amino acids were determined as asparagine (2D, 1L), valine (D), phenylalanine (D), allo threonine (D), tryptophan (D), and allo-isoleucine (D) from their optical activities. Treatment with conc. hydrochloric acid cleaved at the gamma hydroxylysine residue to give two peptide fragments, one of which (the N-terminal side) was then deacylated with Polymyxin Acylase. Their amino acid sequences were examined by EDMAN degradation. From the results and analogy to cerexin A, the structure of cerexin B was deduced. PMID- 827541 TI - Production and isolation of cerexins C and D studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XVII. AB - From the culture broth of Bacillus cereus 60-6, in which antibiotic production was improved a new antibiotic, named cerexin C, was isolated. Similarly, a new antibiotic, cerexin D was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus cereus Gp 3. Cerexins C and D are closely related to cerexins A and B in their physico chemical and antimicrobial properties. In fact cerexins C and D are peptides essentially identical with cerexins A and B except for the presence of a lysine residue in place of the gamma-hydroxylysine residue. PMID- 827542 TI - Rapid incorporation of precursors into candicidin by resting cells of Streptomyces griseus. AB - Labeled acetate, propionate and p-aminobenzoic acid were efficiently incorporated into candicidin by phosphate-limited resting cells of Streptomyces griseus. The efficiency of incorporation in short-term experiments using phosphate-limited resting cells was similar to that achieved previously in long-term experiments using growing cells. (2-14C)Propionate was more efficiently incorpoated than (1 14C)propionate, (U-14C)propionate, or (U-14C)-acetate. p-Aminobenzoic acid incorporation is linear over a 10-hour period while those of acetate or propionate reach a constant level after approximately 4 hours of incubation. Double-labeled candicidin of high specific activity was prepared by supplementing the resting cell system with (3H)acetate and (14C)p-aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 827543 TI - The hypothalamic regulatory hormones and their clinical applications. PMID- 827544 TI - [Place of radiotherapy in the treatment of extensive supraglottic tumors]. PMID- 827545 TI - [Physical aspects of breast irradiation]. PMID- 827546 TI - RNA polymerase in vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis. I. Purification and properties of RNA polymerase L1 and L2. AB - Two forms of RNA polymerase [EC 2.7.7.6], RPase L1 and RPase L2, isolated from a highly synchronized vegetative culture of Bacillus subtilis Marburg strain are described. RPase L1 is the major component (identical and the vegetative RNA polymerase already reported) and RPase L2 is a minor, new component corresponding to 3--5% of the total activity. The enzymes differed in their requirements for divalent ions, though the differences depended on the template DNA employed. PRase L1 is able to transcribe phage M2 DNA in the presence of Mg2+ ions and both B. subtilis DNA and phage M2 DNA in the presence of Mn2+ ions. On the other hand, RPase L2 activity can be detected only in the presence of 3 mM Mn2+ ions with all the templates. It is of interest that the transcription of phage M2 DNA by both enzymes stringently requires KC1. It may be due to this ion dependence that RPase L2 has not been detected previously. RPase L2 consists of 1beta', 1beta gamma, 1sigma, and 2alpha subunits. The molecular weight of the beta gamma subunit (about 110,000) is close to the value reported for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase prepared from sporulating cells. However, RPase L2 as a whole molecule is different from the RNA polymerase of sporulating cells or spores in the following two respects: RPase L2 contains sigma subunit as a component essential for selective transcription, and it is resistant to 1 mug of rifampicin per ml. Elimination of the sigma subunit from RPase L2 greatly stimulates RNA synthesis by the enzyme. Conversely, the addition of sigma subunit to the core-enzyme is inhibitory. PMID- 827547 TI - RNA polymerase in vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis. II. New polypeptide factors, FI and FII, stimulating in vitro RNA synthesis directed by phage M2 DNA. AB - Two polypeptides named FI and FII were isolated from vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis Marburg. The molecular weights of FI and FII were 15,000 and 30,000 daltons, respectively. They were able to stimulate the transcription of phage M2 DNA in the presence of Mg2+ ions by RPase L1 and RPase L2 [RNA polymerase; EC 2.7.7.6]. Although both core- and holo-RPase L2 hardly exhibited transcription activity under these conditions, the factors could stimulate both activities up to the level of RPase L1 activity. The stimulation was much less marked when B. subtilis DNA was used as a template. These stimulatory functions were found to lie not in the chain elongation but in the initiation step of transcription, following the preinitiation step. To obtain stimulation by the factors, preincubation with RNA polymerase was necessary. FI stimulated RPase L1 or RPase L2 only when preincubated in the stimultaneous presence of FII, forming a complex, RPase L1(or L2)-FI-FII. On the other hand, FII alone could stimulate transcription, forming a complex. RPase L1 (or L2)-FII. In these complexes, the ratio of FI, FII, and RPase L1(or L2) was 1 : 1: 1. Although the core-RPase L2 activity was inhibited by sigma subunits, it was not inhibited by was rather stimulated when the enzyme was present as a complex with FI and FII. Thus the complex, consisting of RPase L2 and the factors, resembled RPase L1 with respect to molecular weight, template specificity, the effect of sigma subunit, and sensitivity to rifampicin. PMID- 827548 TI - Temperature-dependence of tension development by glycerinated muscle fibers of rabbit psoas in Mn (II)-ATP and Mg-ATP solutions. AB - The tension of single fibers isolated from glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle was measured at various temperatures using Mg-ATP or Mn-ATP as a substrate. The tension developed in Mn-ATP was 80-89% of that in Mg-ATP at 4 degrees-16 degrees, and both tensions decreased as the temperature was reduced. Myosin forms the myosin-product complex predominantly generated on admixture with ADP (and Pi) at the burst site during Mn(II)-ATP hydrolysis below 10 degrees, while it forms the myosin-product complex predominantly formed via ATP hydrolysis upon hydrolysis above 10 degrees, as it does during Mg-ATP hydrolysis (Hozumi & Tawada (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 376, 1; Tawada & Yoshida (1975) J. Biochem. 78, 293; Yazawa & Morita (1973) J. Biochem. 74, 1107). Since the cycle time of cross bridge attachment to and detachment from actin in muscle is about 1-10 sec and because the spontaneous decay time of the myosin-product complex into the myosin product complex in the absence of actin is less than 1 sec, then if most of the cross-bridges are detached from actin as suggested by X-ray data, it can be inferred that most of the cross-bridges detached from actin may form the predominant myosin-product complex in Mn-ATP below 10 degrees. If this is so, the tension development in Mn-ATP below 10 degrees cannot be compatible with some muscle models which assume the formation of the myosin-product complex by the cross-bridges prior to combination with actin during contraction. PMID- 827549 TI - Nucleoside transport systems in Escherichia coli K12: specificity and regulation. AB - Two nucleoside transport systems have been verified and separated by mating and recombination experiments. The recipient strain was a mutant which is negative for transport of all nucleosides. The two systems differ in specificity and in regulation. One system transports pyrimidine and adenine nucleosides. It is regulated by the cytR gene. The other system transports all nucleosides and is regulated by the cytR as well as by the deoR genes. Enzyme assays performed on whole cells of strains, able or unable to transport nucleosides, indicate that the nucleoside catabolizing enzymes are located inside the permeability barrier of the cell. PMID- 827550 TI - Low- and high-affinity concanavalin a binding to thymocyte plasma membrane vesicles. AB - Binding of concanavalin A to isolated thymocyte membrane vesicles occurs through (a) numerous (approximately 6 x 106/cell equivalent) low-affinity sites (Ka = 1.3 x 105M-1) anf (b) fewer (approximately 0.4 x 106/cell equipment) specific receptors (Ka = 6.8 x 106 M-1) defined as 55,000 D glycoprotein and its multimers. Specific binding is positively-cooperative, with a Hill coefficient of approximately 1.8. Low concentrations of glutaraldehyde selectively crosslink the 55,000 D glycoprotein with replacement of positively-cooperative sites by high affinity sites. It is proposed that concavalin A-binding induces multimerization of the 55,000 D glycoprotein. PMID- 827552 TI - An improved automated method for the measurement of red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate. AB - A modified automated colorimetric micromethod for the determination of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) adapted from that of Grisolia et al (1969) is described. In the modified method, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is not used and consequently concentrations of several reagents are changed. During the development of the method it was found that the presence of EDTA, either in the blood or in reagents, consistently reduced the measured value of 2,3-DPG by 15%. This effect of EDTA, not previously recognized, is independent of the EDTA concentration within the range of 5 to 50 mmol/1 and is at present unexplianed. In normal subjects (41 men and 30 women) the mean red cell 2,3-DPG was 14-5 mol/g haemoglobin (range 12-1-18-1 mol/g haemoglobin). There was no significant difference in 2,3-DPG concentrations between male and female subjects. PMID- 827551 TI - The function and activity of certain membrane enzymes when localized on- and off- the membrane. AB - A group of enzymes known to be involved in group translocation-type transport mechanisms for the uptake of a variety of nucleotide precursors are enzymatically active both in their natural membrane milieu and in aqueous solution. The activity in aqueous solution markedly differ, however, from the enzymatic activity when the enzyme is membrane localized. The adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (PRT) of E. coli (Hochstadt-Ozer and Stadtman, 71a) is capable of carrying out an exchange reaction between the base moieties of adenine and AMP without requiring P-ribose-PP as an intermediate; the enzyme in aqueous solution requires P-ribose-PP, indicating a different reaction mechanism in the two environments. Like the adenine PRT of E. coli, the hypoxanthine PRT of Salmonella typhimurium (Jackman and Hochstadt, '76) also carried out an exchange reaction on the membrane only and also is more sensitive to a number of inhibitors in aqueous solution relative to the sensitivity when embedded in the membrane. In addition, however, the hypoxanthine PRT, while restricted to hypoxanthine as a substrate in the membrane, also accepts guanine as substrate in its soluble form. The membrane capacities reas determined in a guanine PRT deletion strain (Jackman and Hochstadt, '76). Finally, in mammalian cell lines purine nucleoside phosphorylase, which translocates the ribose moiety of inosine across the plasma membrane of mouse fibroblasts undergoes a 30-fold increase in substrate turnover number upon liberation from the membrane. These data raise two important caveats with respect to study of membrane enzymes and transport. Firstly, an enzyme once solubilized and found to differ kinetically from substrate transport in situ cannot be excluded from participating in translocations in the membrane on the basis of its activity in aqueous solution. Secondly, an enzyme which "appears" largely soluble upon cell rupture cannot be assumed to be a cycloplasmic enzyme because of majority of the solubilized activity may represent only a small fraction of the enzyme molecules highly activated concomitant to their solubilization. In this latter case the ability to activate enzyme still residing on the membrane (e.g., with detergents) would be necessary in order to estimate total membrane associated activity after cell rupture. PMID- 827553 TI - A comparison of brain heart infusion blood agar sterilized by filtration and heat on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on brain heart infusion blood agar in which the base was sterilized by filtration has been compared with growth on the same medium sterilized by heat. Colonies were larger on the unheated medium, and autoclaving at 115 degrees C of 121 degrees C for 15 minutes was accompanied by a progressive decrease in colony size. Viable counts on the three media showed no difference in end points. Colonies on the unheated medium were usually large enough to be easily recognizable after overnight incubation. PMID- 827554 TI - Sensitivity of Brucella spp to tetracycline and its analogues. AB - The sensitivity to eight tetracyclines of 100 strains of brucellae, comprising strains of Brucella abortus, Br. melitensis, and Br. suis, was determined. Demethylchlortetracycline was the most effecitve against all the groups of brucellae, whereas oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were the least effective. The mean MIC value for demethylchlortetracycline, doxycycline, lymecycline, and tetracycline was less than or equal to 1 mug/ml. Strains of Br. abortus biotype 2 and Br. suis were the most sensitive strains examined. PMID- 827555 TI - A modified technique for the detection of antibiotic synergism. PMID- 827556 TI - New studies of the alcohol dehydrogenase cline in D. melanogaster from Mexico. AB - An altitudinal cline of frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase alleles occurs in D. melanogaster populations of southeastern Mexico. A similar cline of two aldehyde oxidase alleles is present, but frequencies of esterase-6 alleles are not distributed clinically. Collections were made from small dispersed populations. Some gene flow occurred throughout the lowlands according to the distribution of two moderately endemic autosomal inversions and five previously described inversions. The clines are believed dependent on a limited gene flow between temperature races of D. melanogaster. PMID- 827557 TI - The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A survey of 29 laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) variation revealed that the Got-1 locus was polymorphic in three stocks recently collected from nature. The Got-1 locus was fixed for the same allozyme in the remaining 26 laboratory populations. Testcross matings to multiply marked stocks established that Got-1 is located at 4.8 centimorgans on chromosome 2. PMID- 827581 TI - [Disinfection of sewage waters from rendering plants by means by peracetic acid]. AB - In our experiments, peracetic acid -- known in commerce as "Wolfasteril" was tested as a new and efficient disinfectant to disinfect sewage waters from rendering plants. Peracetic acid was used in experiments in concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% for 30 sec. to 60 min. As a comparative agent, 5% chloramine was used. Results obtained in preliminary and main experiments proved that peracetic acid is fully appropriate to disinfect biologically cleaned sewage waters in rendering plants. Sewage waters supplying the main stream has to pass mostly a short section after having left the water clariflier. Consequently, the concentration of 1% peracetic acid acting for 30 sec. is the optimum one. The recommendation of this application norm for peracetic acid in water clarifiers from rendering plants being at least suitable in controlling disasters. PMID- 827582 TI - Assessment of effectivity of oral killed typhoid and paratyphoid b vaccines and aerosol chemical thyphoid vaccine in controlled field trials. AB - A total of 3 controlled field trials were carried out. One of them (1963) showed that aerosol chemical typhoid vaccine did not protect vaccinated subjects from the disease. Two other tests (1964 and 1965) assessing the effectivity of killed orally administered typhoid vaccine revealed a short term (up to 3 months) protective effect expressed by an effectivity coefficient of 45%, fiducial limits being 8-70%. In the assessment of oral paratyphoid B vaccine, the difference in morbidity in the experimental and control groups was statistically insignificant due to a small number of cases of disease. PMID- 827583 TI - Highly sensitive determination of Bacillus cereus exo - enterotoxin using the method of aggregate haemagglutination. AB - The possibility has been demonstrated of using the method of aggregate haemagglutination for the detection of B. cereus exo-enterotoxin in both food products and culture media. It has been established that 0.004 mug/ml of enterotoxin can be detected by this method. The applied antisera to B. cereus enterotoxin did not yield cross reactions with enterotoxins produced by E. coli, Cl. perfringens, St. aureus, V. cholerae or Sh. dysenteriae. PMID- 827584 TI - Separation of ferritin labeled antibody from free antibody. AB - A procedure for the separation of ferritin-antibody conjugates from free antibody has been developed using isokinetic sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The gradient (5% w/w sucrose at the top to about 35% at the tube bottom) provides optimal separation of 7S free immunoglobulin from the ferritin (65S) and ferritin-antibody conjugate. Recovery of the conjugate band is simple and avoids problems of aggregation found by centrifugal pelleting and resuspension procedures. The method was tested by labeling human globulin and fractionating the gradient. Free antibody was detected at the top one-fifth of the gradient by immunodiffusion. Ferritin and the labeled antibody were found one-third to one half of the way down the gradient. Immunoelectrophoresis was also used to demonstrate the separation of unconjugated ferritinand ferritin labeled antibody from free antibody. PMID- 827585 TI - Review of the notation for the allotypic and related markers of human immunoglobulins. WHO meeting on human immunoglobulin allotypic markers, held 16 19 July 1974, Rouen, France. Report amended June 1976. PMID- 827586 TI - Influence of amino acids, mammalian serum, and osmotic pressure on the proliferation of Drosophila cell lines. PMID- 827587 TI - Developmental effects of inhibitors of nucleotide metabolism in Drosophila. PMID- 827588 TI - Sexual behaviour of a female sterile mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 827589 TI - Juvenile hormone-induced vitellogenesis in apterous4, a non-vitellogenic mutant in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 827590 TI - [Rabies]. PMID- 827591 TI - [Immunological study of renal candidiasis. (1) Extraction of polysaccharide antigen, humoral immune reaction in renal cardidiasis in rabbits and the serodiagnosis]. PMID- 827592 TI - [Excretion of HBsAg in the HBsAg carrier]. PMID- 827593 TI - [Investigation of 48 cases of bacteremia]. PMID- 827594 TI - Mycobacterial RNA. A comparison with intact mycobacteria for suppression of murine tumor growth. AB - Our experimental data imply the following: (1) An RNA-rich fraction isolated from H37Ra, and intact H37Ra, are effective agents for suppression of tumor growth. (2) For suppression of two chemically-induced tumors with both RNA and H37Ra, direct contact with tumor is necessary. This may not be the case with other tumors in different strains of syngeneic mice. (3) The host's immunological system is a necessary component for inhibition of tumors by our test materials since there is no tumor suppression in immunologically impaired mice. PMID- 827595 TI - Adenosine aminohydrolase from monkey brain: partial purification and some kinetic properties. AB - Adenosine aminohydrolase from monkey brain was purified ten fold. In pH 7.3 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees, this enzyme preparation deaminated adenosine and arabinosyladenine with apparent values for the Michaelis constant of 32 muM and 370 muM respectively. The products of both deamination reactions, i.e., inosine and arabinosylhypoxanthine, were competitive inhibitors with Ki equal to 220 muM and 1,000 muM, respectively. N6-benzyladenosine and 9-(1-hydroxy-2-octyl)adenine were competitive inhibitors and were more effective in inhibiting deamination of arabinosyladenine than of adenosine. It is suggested that these compounds might potentiate arabinosyladenine chemotherapy of neoplasms of the central nervous system. PMID- 827596 TI - Study of platelet aggregation in vivo i. Effect of bencyclan. AB - A 20mu diameter pore size screen was inserted into an arterio-venous bypass system in heparinized stumptailed monkeys. ADP and serotonin injection resulted in aggregation of platelets on the screen and consecutive increase in pre-screen pressure and decrease in post-screen pressure. From these changes an "aggregation index" was calculated. Bencyclan in doses of 0.5-15 mg/kg inhibited platelet aggregation in vivo. Doses of 20 mg/kg or above showed some hemolytic effect, no other undesirable effects were seen. PMID- 827598 TI - High tyrosinase activity in albino Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - Tyrosinase was measured in oocytes of the recently described albino mutant (apap) of Xenopus laevis. Although these oocytes show no pigmentation and the eggs are known to contain no melanosomes, tyrosinase - which is probably the only enzyme necessary for melanin synthesis from tyrosine - was increased more than twofold relative to the wild type. Tyrosinase recovered from albino and wild type oocytes showed the same Km with respect to tyrosine, and this was not altered by previous gonadotrophin stimulation in vivo. The tyrosinase assay, based on [14]tyrosine incorporation into acid-insoluble products, was of greater sensitivity than previously described methods of the same type, through removal of low molecular weight material from the oocyte homogenate prior to incubation, and the use of tyrosine of high specific activity. PMID- 827597 TI - Congenital goitre in sheep: isolation of the iodoproteins which replace thyroglobulin. AB - Immunological and chromatographic studies of proteins from the congenital goitre of South Australian Merino sheep revealed that normal thyroglobulin is absent from the thyroid glands of these sheep. However, a thyroglobulin-immunoreactive iodoprotein was isolated by affinity chromatography on agarose gel to which antibody against thyroglobulin had been covalently bound. Sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation indicated that this iodoprotein had a sedimentation coefficient of 8S and a molecular weight of approximately 175000. This iodoprotein is therefore about one quarter the size of normal thyroglobulin (19S; 660000) and is similar in size to the subunit of thyroglobulin (3-8S; 165000) although this has usually been described as non-iodinated except when derived by reductive fission. In addition the goitre extract contained iodoproteins which had the immunological properties of serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. Determination of the iodine and iodoamino acid content of the hydrolysed iodoproteins revealed that they contained iodothyronines which were able to contribute to the production of thyroid hormones although the total iodothyronine content of the goitrous gland was less than that of the normal sheep thyroid gland. PMID- 827600 TI - Antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in Chinese on Taiwan. PMID- 827599 TI - Demonstration of tumor associated antigen in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix by immunodiffusion. PMID- 827601 TI - Competence in continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis: inhibition by arginine and reversal of the inhibition by Mn2+. AB - Arginine inhibited the competence of Bacillus subtilis growing in a chemostat at a dilution rate of 0-277 h-1. The biosynthesis of competence-stimulating activity was only partially repressed. The inhibitory effect may be due to an alteration in the cell's capacity for being stimulated to competence and/or in its ability to take up DNA irreversibly. MnSO4 at 10(-6) M restored competence immediately. PMID- 827603 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 containing single-stranded RNA by ascorbic acid. AB - The mechanism of inactivation of a single-stranded RNA phage, MS2, by AsA was investigated as a part of the studies on the mechanism of inactivation of viruses by AsA. Investigations on the effects of oxygen, oxidizing or reducing agents, metals or chelating agents, and free radical scavengers on the inactivation of the RNA phage by AsA indicated that the free radical intermediates formed during the course of oxidation of AsA are responsible for the inactivation of the phage. Hydrogen peroxide and DAsA themselves had no effect on the infectivity of the phage. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation analyses indicated that the reactive radicals react with the phage RNA to cause strand scissions in the RNA. PMID- 827604 TI - Effect of catechol-thiol conjugates on tyrosinase-dependent tyrosine hydroxylation. AB - 1. The tyrosinase reaction in the presence of a thiol compound was studied using mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) with regard to catechol-thiol conjugates. 2. Although tyrosine hydroxylation of tyrosinase was extremely decreased in the presence of a thiol compound, the inhibitory effect was removed by the addition of a pyrocatechol-cysteine conjugate, S-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl) cysteine, which was not oxidized by the enzyme. 3. The pyrocatechol-cysteine conjugate was also able to shorten the lag period of tyrosinase-dependent tyrosine hydroxylation. 4. The sigmoidal reaction curve of tyrosine hydroxylation observed in the presence of sulfhydryl compounds was found to be caused by the catechol-thiol conjugates, the final products of the enzyme reaction, which counteract the inhibitory effect of sulfhydryl compounds. 5. The pyrocatechol-cysteine conjugate, on the other hand, was shown to cause the decrease of the reaction rate of the enzyme during incubation. PMID- 827605 TI - Multiphasic health testing. Benefit-cost analysis of high-volume and low-volume testing programs. AB - Cost analysis of a low-volume multiphasic health testing program (30 patients/week) has demonstrated that unit costs are similar to those reported by high-volume automated programs (500 patients/week). This comparability in unit costs appears to result from the savings in personnel and space requirements of the smaller program as compared with the larger ones. Cost effectiveness studies (costs per positive findings) of comparable test groups have yielded similar results. This fact leads the authors to suggest that physicians should consider establishing multiphasic health testing programs in occupational and small group medical settings. PMID- 827602 TI - Brain function in epilepsy: midbrain, medullary, and cerebellar interaction with the rostral forebrain. AB - Against the background previous findings in epileptic patients, in whom electroencephalographic recordings were obtained from numerous deep and surface brain sites during seizures, rhesus monkeys with electrodes implanted into specific brain sites were used to demonstrate anatomical connections by evoked potential techniques and to serve as models of experimental epilepsy. In the animals, many monosynaptic connections were revealed between forebrain sites consistently involved in seizures in patients and more caudal brain sites subserving functions of sensory perception, eye movement, synaptic chemical transmission, and motor coordination. Further, the participation of these interrelated sites during seizures was demonstrated. The findings provide an anatomical-physiological explanation for many of the clinical phenomena observed in epileptic patients and a rationale for the use of cerebellar stimulation as a treatment. PMID- 827607 TI - Effect of extracellular divalent cations and EGTA on action potential duration in heart [proceedings]. PMID- 827606 TI - The application of brain capillary permeability coefficient measurements to pathological conditions and the selection of agents which cross the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 827608 TI - The effect of cooling the motor cortex of a rhesus monkey upon visually controlled movement and associated motor potentials [proceedings]. PMID- 827609 TI - Colour coding in the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey [proceedings]. PMID- 827610 TI - The effect of external Li on the distribution of Na, K and Cl in Bufo bufo oocytes [proceedings]. PMID- 827611 TI - The effect of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion on histamine catabolic enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the cat and guinea-pig [proceedings]. PMID- 827612 TI - The modes of action of medicated intrauterine devices. PMID- 827613 TI - Blastokinin and analogous proteins. AB - The paper is a review of recent work with blastokinin, a uterine-specific protein of rabbit, and includes consideration of patterns of synthesis, induction by progestagens, metal-binding capacity, translation of its RNA message, possible changes in the molecule, and comparison with the "cone" protein of the oviduct. Other uterine proteins have been identified in the rabbit by their enzymatic or hormonal activity and shown to be distinct from blastokinin though present in the uterine lumen at the same time. Proteins which are temporally or chemically analogous to blastokinin in other species are discussed, including the question of whether a blastokinin-like protein occurs in women. Discussion of the comparative significance of such proteins must await a clearer definition of their function. PMID- 827614 TI - Further laboratory studies on the rearing and feeding of Cnephia ornithophilia (Diptera: Simuliidae) and the transmission of Leucocytozoon simondi by this black fly. PMID- 827615 TI - Metabolic evidence that serosal sodium does not recycle through the active transepithelial transport pathway of toad bladder. AB - The possibility that sodium from the serosal bathing medium "back diffuses" into the active sodium transport pool within the mucosal epithelial cell of the isolated toad bladder was examined by determining the effect on the metabolism of the tissue of removing sodium from the serosal medium. It was expected that if recycling of serosal sodium did occur through the active transepithelial transport pathway of the isolated toad bladder, removal of sodium from the serosal medium would reduce the rate of CO2 production by the tissue and enhance of stoichiometric ratio of sodium ions transported across the bladder per molecula of sodium transport dependent CO2 produced simultaneously by the bladder (JNa/JCO2). The data revealed no significant change in this ratio (17.19 with serosal sodium and 16.13 after replacing serosal sodium with choline). Further, when transepithelial sodium transport was inhibited (a) by adding amiloride to the mucosal medium, or (b) by removing sodium from the mucosal medium, subsequent removal of sodium from the serosal medium, or (c) addition of ouabain failed to depress the basal rate of CO2 production by the bladder [(a)rate of basal, nontransport related, CO2 production (JbCO2) equals 1.54 +/- 0.52 with serosal sodium and 1.54 +/- 0.37 without serosal sodium; (b) Jb CO2 equals 2.18 +/- 0.21 with serosal sodium and 2.09 +/- 0.21 without serosal sodium; (c) 1.14 +/- 0.26 without ouabain and 1.13 +/- 0.25 with ouabain; unite of JbCO2 are nmoles mg d.w. 1 min-1]. The results support the hypothesis that little, if any, recycling of serosal sodium occurs in the total bladder. PMID- 827616 TI - Isolation of messenger ribonucleoproteins in cesium sulfate density gradients: evidence that polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated messenger RNAs are associated with protein. PMID- 827617 TI - Diabetes mellitus following mumps. PMID- 827618 TI - Comparative metabolism of aspartame in experimental animals and humans. AB - Aspartame [SC-18862; 3-amino-N-(alpha-carboxyphenethyl) succinamic acid, methyl ester, the methyl ester of aspartylphenylalanine] is a sweetening agent that organoleptically has about 180 times the sweetness of sugar. The metabolism of aspartame has been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and humans. The compound was digested in all species in the same way as are natural constituents of the diet. Hydrolysis of the methyl group by intestinal esterases yielded methanol, which was oxidized in the one-carbon metabolic pool to CO2. The resultant dipeptide was split at the mucosal surface by dipeptidases and the free amino acids were absorbed. The aspartic acid moiety was transformed in large part to CO2 through its entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Phenylalanine was primarily incorporated into body protein either unchanged or as its major metabolite, tyrosine. PMID- 827619 TI - Hypothalamic morphology following ingestion of aspartame or MSG in the neonatal rodent and primate: a preliminary report. AB - Neonatal mice received oral doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG) at levels of 0.25, 0.5m 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg or aspartame at levels of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg. Hypothalamic lesions were encountered at dose levels equal to or exceeding 0.5 g/kg (MSG) and 1.0 g/kg (aspartame). Aspartame administration resulted in a much smaller hypothalamic lesion than did equal dosages of MSG. Infant monkeys received MSG (1-4 g/kg) or aspartame (2 g/kg) by stomach tube. Hypothalamic morphology remained normal at both the microscopic and ultrastructural level. Thus, in contrast to the neonatal rodent, the neonatal primate is able to cope either metabolically or at the level of the blood-brain barrier with excessive amino acid loads. PMID- 827620 TI - Altered neutrophil phagocytic function in burn patients. AB - Neutrophil ingestion and bactericidal capacity were studied in 35 burn patients. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the test microorganism, it was found that defects in bactericidal capacity were common, particularly in phagocytes of patients with burns greater than 30% of the body surface. Even though reduced neutrophil ingestion was observed in a significant number of assays the incidence was low in comparison to the incidence of reduced bactericidal capacity. Defects in phagocytic function were not detected until at least 5 days after injury and at the time of discharge all patients that were studied had resumed normal phagocytic function. PMID- 827622 TI - [Intra-diverticular bladder tumors. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 827621 TI - Renal biopsy in Schistosoma-Salmonella associated nephrotic syndrome. AB - Percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney on eight nephrotic patients with Schistosoma mansoni and chronic Salmonella paratyphi A infection showed diffuse proliferative glomerular change in all biopsies. Capillary basement membrane was normal. Diffuse granular deposits were detected in the glomerular mesangial cells by direct staining with fluorescein labelled anti-IgG anti-IgM. No fluorescence was obtained with rabbit anti-Salmonella paratyphi A. After treatment with ampicillin and niridazole, a reduction of cellular proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion was observed. Simultaneously following treatment there occurred a dramatic clinical improvement with cessation of proteinuria and a return of plasma protein levels and serum complement (C3) to normal values. PMID- 827623 TI - [A case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with pyroglobulin and cryoglobulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 827625 TI - [Nodules]. PMID- 827624 TI - [Biochemical mechanism of the etiology of alcoholic fatty liver and hepatitis]. PMID- 827626 TI - Bone marrow reactions to E. coli endotoxin or Pseudomonas original endotoxin protein in germ-free mice. AB - Comparative studies between germ-free and conventional mice were made as to the bone marrow reactions to E. coli endotoxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa OEP. With the direct smear method of the bone marrow reactions, it was found that conventional mice were more vulnerable than germ-free mice. Conventional mice were more sensitive also as to lethality. With the absolute count method of the bone marrow reactions, conventional mice were more vulnerable than germ-free mice on the increase of red blood cell number in the marrow which reflected damage of the circulation, whereas germ-free mice were more sensitive than conventional mice as to the decrease of nucleated cell number in the marrow which resulted from leukopenia and leukocytosis in the peripheral circulation. This finding as to the nucleated cell number was more remarkable in mice given OEP than in the mice given endotoxin. PMID- 827627 TI - Development of attenuated rubella virus vaccines in Japan. PMID- 827629 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (1)]. PMID- 827628 TI - [Various problems concerning the current nursing records]. PMID- 827630 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (2)]. PMID- 827631 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (3)]. PMID- 827632 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (4)]. PMID- 827634 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (6)]. PMID- 827633 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (5)]. PMID- 827635 TI - [Trial application of a new nursing record (7)]. PMID- 827636 TI - [Discussion: practical evaluation of new nursing records]. PMID- 827637 TI - [Analysis and evaluation of the nursing record (1)--a study of the record on decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 827638 TI - [Analysis and evalution of the nursing record (2)--on the nursing record of worried patients]. PMID- 827640 TI - [Refractory diseases--practice of home care. 11. Establishment of a nursing system for patients with refractory diseases]. PMID- 827639 TI - [Drug toxicity. 12. LSD (psychodelics)]. PMID- 827641 TI - [Human communication. 9. The accepted standards and actual happenings]. PMID- 827642 TI - [Simple interpretation of the electrocardiogram. 12. ECG self test]. PMID- 827643 TI - [Illustrated patient transfer technics. 10. Patients with spinal cord injuries. 4. Transfer and assistance of the patient on the bed]. PMID- 827644 TI - [Human relationship. 10. Interpersonal relationship in the hospital. (2)]. PMID- 827645 TI - [Home nursing of aged, bedridden patients. A lesson in geriatric nursing]. PMID- 827646 TI - Experimental visceral larva migrans in monkeys. I. Clinical, hematological, biochemical and gross pathological observations on monkeys inoculated with embryonated eggs of the dog ascarid, Toxocara canis. PMID- 827647 TI - [Physiolopathologic aspects of diabetic ketosis and the ketosis of fasting]. PMID- 827648 TI - [Value of fractionation in diabetology therapy and particularly for glibenclamide]. PMID- 827649 TI - [Insulin resistance and diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 827650 TI - [Lactic acidosis. Apropos of 42 cases collected at a resuscitation service]. PMID- 827651 TI - Bilirubin removal by hemoperfusion through carbon and by in vivo immobilized enzymes. PMID- 827652 TI - [Transfusion therapy and parenteral nutrition of patients in a state of burn septicotoxemia]. PMID- 827653 TI - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of pseudomonas infection in burns]. PMID- 827654 TI - [Case of an esophageal diverticulum fistulated into a segmented bronchus]. PMID- 827655 TI - Variation of pituitary thyrotropin reserve with different dosages of thyrotropin releasing hormine (TRH) -- mode of failure of pituitary thyrotropin reserve. PMID- 827656 TI - [Case of mucopolysaccharidosis (gargoylism)]. PMID- 827657 TI - Postoperative metabolic patterns following immediate total nutritional support: hormone levels, DNA synthesis, nitrogen balance, and accelerated wound healing. PMID- 827658 TI - The identification of 3alpha,6beta,11beta,17,21-pentahydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (6beta-hydroxy-THF)--the major urinary steroid of the baboon (Papio papio). PMID- 827659 TI - Urinary steroid excretion and conjugation by the baboon (Papio hamadryas)--a comprehensive study. PMID- 827660 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia with amyloidosis--lymphographic findings. AB - This communication describes the fourteenth reported case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia associated with amylodiosis, and the second describing the lymphographic findings with this combination. The appearances on lymphography are indistinguishable from lymphoma. PMID- 827661 TI - [In-vitro activity and pharmacokinetics of propicillin, penicillin V and phenethicillin]. PMID- 827662 TI - [Studies on coagulation physiology in 54 patients treated with dipropyl acetic acid]. PMID- 827663 TI - Factor V. PMID- 827664 TI - Thermophilic aminopeptidase I. PMID- 827665 TI - [Isolation of bacteriophages of methane oxidizing bacteria and study of their properties]. AB - Five strains of bacteriophages were isolated for the first time in the USSR from the water of ponds, the paste of methane oxidizing bacteria and the cultural broth of the experimental plant. The strains are specific of the following species: Methylostinus sporium, Methylosinus trichosporium, and Flavobacterium gasotypicum. Bacteriophages lysing Methylocystis impression. Methylomonas agile and Methylococcus capsulatus were not isolated so far. The fine structure of the phages, the shape of negative colonies, the spectrum of lytic activity, and serological properties were studied. The phages can be subdivided into two groups according to the morphology of virions, the shape of negative colonies and serological properties, or into three groups according to the spectrum of lytic activity. PMID- 827666 TI - [Photodestruction of the blue-green alga Anabaena variablis]. AB - The effect of light on the cells was studied with the obligate phototrophic blue green alga Anabaena variabilis after its incubation in the dark. Incubation of the alga in the dark during two weeks was not essential for the cell reproduction systems in the light. Incubation in the dark during 3-4 weeks caused damages in the systems which were however reversible and repaired in the light. Longer incubation of the cells in the dark results in irreversible damages of the systems protecting them from photooxidation which may be the main factor preventing growth of the cells in the light. PMID- 827667 TI - [The effects of weak magnetic fields on bacteria]. AB - A stationary device was constructed for conducting experiments in a weak magnetic field. A ferromagnetic screen was used to produce in the working volume a magnetic-field of 26 nT. The effect of a weak magnetic field on the following bacteria was studied: E. coli communior, B. prodigiosum, Staphylococcus aureus 209, and Bac. anthracoides. Cultivation of the bacteria in these conditions for a long time resulted in changes of their tinctorial, morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties. PMID- 827668 TI - [Mechanism of methane oxidation by intact cells of obligate methylotrophs]. AB - Ethane and propane were found to be competitive inhibitors of methane oxidation. Obligate methylotrophs can oxidize ethane only in the presence of methane, i.e. co-oxidation of ethane takes place. Studies on the kinetics of simultaneous oxidation of ethane and methane have shown that their oxidation is catalysed by one and the same enzyme system, within one and the same enzyme active site; therefore, the absolute substrate specificity is absent. The reactions of methane and ethane oxidation are coupled since ethane can be oxidized only after the reduced coenzyme had been provided by the reaction of methane oxidation. PMID- 827669 TI - [Hydrogen production by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variablis in the light]. AB - Light of low intensity (less than or equal to 25-10(5) erg-cm(-2)-sec(-1)) stimulates hydrogen production by cell suspensions of Anabaena variabilis in the presence of glucose, pyruvate or formate. The maximum rate of hydrogen production in the presence of these substrates was observed at light intensities of 650, 1400 and 2250 erg-cm(-2)-sec(-1), respectively. The rate of oxygen production by the cells increases while the rate of hydrogen evolution decreases with increase in light intensity (2.5-6.0-10(3) erg-cm(-2)-sec(-1)). In the presence of DCMU (10(-5)-10(-4) M), hydrogen evolution is not inhibited in the presence of pyruvate or formiate and is inhibited to a less extent in the presence of glucose. According to the results obtained, hydrogen evolution by A. variabilis in the light does not require the action of two photosystems. Inhibition of hydrogen production at significant light intensities is due to the action of oxygen on this process; the rate of oxygen evolution increases with light intensity. PMID- 827670 TI - [Peripheral metabolism of isomeric xylenes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - Microbiological oxidation of xylenes was studied with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain 7. The culture grows on m-xylene and, at a lower rate, on p-xylene, but does not grow on o-xylene though partly oxidizes it. Pathways of primary enzymatic oxidation of xylenes by the culture were established. Oxidation of m xylene follows the pathway described earlier but methylsalicylic acid formed is not accumulated in the medium and is transformed into 3-methylcatechol. The aromatic ring is splitted according to the meta pathway. It has been demonstrated for the first time that o-xylene is oxidized to o-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. PMID- 827671 TI - [Determination of optimal means of purifying rickettsial suspensions and isolating the cell walls of Prowazek rickettsia]. PMID- 827673 TI - Intal ophthalmic solution. PMID- 827672 TI - Hospital microbicidal processes. AB - Due to the multiplicity of hospital operations, numerous specialized procedures are required to control the dissemination of infectious agents. More stringent microbicidal control procedures are required in standard hospital operations to reduce this growing problem. The major processes of microbial control, i.e., sterilization and disinfection, should be more broadly applied to all hospital operations rather than simply to "dirty cases". Sterilization and disinfection processes are discussed and summarized showing their specific applications to infection control, their limitations, and recommended control measures that should be undertaken to give greater assurance of efficacy. PMID- 827674 TI - [Analytical reliability in the determination of total serum thyroxine using competitive protein-binding analysis]. PMID- 827675 TI - [Exploration of pituitary thyroid-stimulating activity and of the thyroid activity. Introduction]. PMID- 827676 TI - [Neonatal esophageal pseudodiverticula of traumatic origin]. PMID- 827677 TI - [Complications of total parenteral alimentation in pediatrics. Clinico statistical study on 185 patients]. PMID- 827678 TI - [High-calorie parenteral feeding in infant enteritis. Comparison with traditional therapy]. PMID- 827679 TI - [Urethral diverticula]. PMID- 827680 TI - [In vitro action and clinical use of indanyl carbenicillin]. PMID- 827681 TI - [Diverticulum of the anterior urethra in children]. PMID- 827682 TI - Distribution of ABO blood groups and of Rh factor in Singapore. PMID- 827683 TI - Mapping of mutations affecting synthesis of exocellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Identity of the sacUh, amyB and pap mutations. AB - The sacUh, amyB and pap mutations are identical with respect to their pleiotropic phenotype and their genetic location. Strains bearing these mutations overproduce several exocellular enzymes: alpha amylase, lavansucrase and proteases, they are poorly or not at all transformable and most of them are devoid of flagella. These mutations are tightly linked to the sacU- mutations by transformation and therefore lie between the hisA1 and gtaB290 markers. It is possible that the sacUh, amyB and pap mutations on one hand and the sacU- mutations on the other are two different classes of alterations of the same regulatory gene controlling the synthesis of some exocellular enzymes and several other cellular functions. Furthermore an amy- mutation, leading to the lack of alpha-amylase activity, was mapped between the lin2 and aroI906 markers which are not linked to the sacU locus. PMID- 827684 TI - Discrimination of competent Bacillus subtilis with respect to ribonucleic acids. AB - A study has been made of the affinity of double-stranded helical RNA for DNA receptors in competent Bacillus subtilis. In competition experiments, using homologous and heterologous DNA samples which had been sheared to molecular weights comparable to that of the RNA (about 2 x 10(6)), and which still exhibited appreciable competition in DNA uptake experiments, the replicative form of phage f2 RNA showed no evidence of affinity for receptor sites. A second double-stranded RNA preperation from a widely different source, a mycophage of Penicillium chrysogenum, behaved similarly to the f2 RNA. Transfer RNA and 23S ribosomal RNA, which reduce transformation frequencies in pneumococcus, did not compete for B. subtilis receptors. Lack of competition was not due to enzymatic degradation of the RNA, since the latter was recovered intact following exposure to competent cells. Under conditions where homologous native DNA undergoes normal uptake, there was virtually no uptake of native double-stranded RNA. The results are examined in the light of reports on transformation by RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids, and also in relation to the characterization of the specificity of cell nucleic acid interactions. PMID- 827686 TI - Isolation and characterisation of deletion mutants involving the transfer genes of P-group plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The P-group plasmids RP1 and R26 are recovered at low frequency following conjugal transfer to B3-lysogens of P. aeruginosa PAO. The rare carbenicillin resistant transcipients that do arise are usually transfer-defective (Tra-) and may show the loss of other plasmid borne functions, namely kanamycin-resistance (Kmr) and reduced plating of phage G101 (Spp+). The four phenotypic classes that occur among the Tra- derivatives are respectively, Tra- (69-81%), Tra- Spp- (12 30%), Tra- Kms and Tra- Kms Spp- (0.2-1%), of which the latter three are dut to plasmid deletions. This is seen from the sizes of the plasmids carried by these bacteria and from the transductional analysis of the R26-derivatives. Thus, although R26 (MW = 52 X 106 daltons) is too large to be transduced by phage F116L (MW = 40 X 106), this is possible for its Tra- Kms and Tra Kms Spp- derivatives. The phenotypes and frequencies of the various transcipient classes suggests that the gene order Km.. Tra.. Spp occurs in both RP1 and R26, and that Spp is more closely linked to Tra than is Km. These conclusions are supported by the sizes of the plasmid mutants since deletions spanning the loci Km Tra Spp, Km Tra, and Tra Spp involve the loss of DNA of MW 8-17 X 106, 5-13 X 106 AND 1-9 X 106 DALTONS RESPECTIVELY. Whilst all the transcipients displayed the incompatibility properties of the parent plasmids (Inc+), only some retanied plasmid surface exclusion (Sfx+). Moreover, a strict correlation existed between the Sfx and Spp phenotypes such that the transcipients were either wild type, Sfx- Spp-, or displayed an intermediate phenotype for both characters. Thir are different manifestations of the same gene function. The deletion map of these various markers in both RP1 and R26 therefore seems to be Km.. Tra.. Sfx/Spp.. Inc. PMID- 827685 TI - Induction of mutations in B. subtilis phage SPP1 by growth on host cells carrying a mutator DNA polymerase III. AB - Phage SPP1 infecting a mutator strain of B. subtilis (BD337) which carries a defective DNA polymerase III is mutagenized. This effect is absent in phages SPO2, SP82G and oe. The results confirm previous observations that SPP1 uses host DNA polymerase III for its DNA synthesis. PMID- 827687 TI - The properties of hybrids formed between the P-group plasmid RP1 and various plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - R38, R931-1, and R933 are conjugative plasmids derived from strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They confer resistance to mercuric ions (Hg-r), and do not tranfer from P. aeruginosa to Escherichia coli at detectable frequencies. Hybrids between each of these plasmids and the P-group plasmid, RP1, have been detected among the rare Hg-r transconjugants arising from matings of P. aeruginosa PAO donors (RP1 + R+) and E. coli K12 recipients. Two independently isolated hybrid plasmids from each of the three mating combinations have been studied. All were found to confer the entire marker phenotype of RP1, but only the Hg-r phenotype of their second parent. Moreover, all were larger than RP1 but comprised only two groups of sizes; those increased by about 14 x 10(6) daltons (the RP1/R38 hybrids), and those increased by about 30 x 10(6) daltons (the RP1/R931-1 and RP1/R933 hybrids). The hybrid plasmids were all too large to be transduced intact by phage F116L, but tranduction of fragments was possible. Thus, the determinants for both carbenicillin-resistance (Cb-r) (from RP1) and mercuric-ion-resistance could be "rescued" by recipients that already carried an RP1-like plasmid and were recombination-proficient. A molecular analysis of the plasmids recovered from such transductants suggested that each of the parental hybrids was comprised of an entire RP1 genome into which a fragment of heterologous DNA had been inserted. In similar experiments in which the recipient carried a derivative of R931-1, the Hg-r but not the Cb-r determinant could be rescued. This suggested that R38, R931-1, and R933 shared sufficient homology in the region of the mer gene for recombination to occur between them. The reason for the inability to rescue the Cb-r determinant was also investigated. PMID- 827688 TI - The postmaturational cleavage of 23 S ribosomal RNA in Anacystis nidulans is inhibited by infection with cyanophage AS-1. AB - The 23S (1.1 X 10(6) mol.wt.) rRNA of Anacystis nidulans undergoes postmaturational cleavage to produce 0.9 X 10(6) and 0.2 X 10(6) molecular species. We have provided evidence in double labelling experiments, in which we could distinguish between the fate of molecules synthesized before and after infection, respectively, that infection with cyanophage AS-1 abruptly and completely inhibits the cleavage of 23S rRNA in Anacystis cells. PMID- 827689 TI - The ecology of the genus Neisseria. PMID- 827690 TI - [Editorial: Alcoholic embryopathy]. PMID- 827691 TI - [Measurement of pain caused by pressure. Munch. Med.Wschr. 118(1976) 25, 824]. PMID- 827692 TI - [Basic features of diphtheria (author's transl)]. AB - The basic features of diphtheria, especially clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and therapy are set out insofar as they are important for the general practitioner. The doctor, not the bacteriologist, must make the diagnosis. Serotherapy must be begun as rapidly as possible, and in adequate dosage. The patients must be carefully watched over in the interests of early detection of possible complications. Rest in bed is required in every case for at least 3 to 4 weeks, longer if possible. Even mild "localized" forms can lead to toxic damage during the course or subsequently. In infants, diphtheria may run its course as the well-defined clinical picture of "diphtheria intoxication" of infants. PMID- 827694 TI - [Visual impairment of the child, a cause of speech disorders?]. PMID- 827693 TI - [Clinical aspects of pathogenesis of alcohol embryopathy (author's transl)]. AB - 68 cases of alcohol embryopathy are reported. The main symptoms are intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation (91%), microcephaly (87 per cent), psychomotor and mental retardation (84 per cent) and a typical craniofacial dysmorphism. Other malformations are frequently found such as cardiac defects (31 per cent), anomalies of joints (23 per cent) and genitalia (50 per cent). There is a marked variation in the intensity of the malformations. Taking into account the extent of the craniofacial dysmorphism and the cerebral damage, a classification into three types (I-111) of alcohol embryopathy is proposed. That ethanol has a teratogenic effect seems to be confirmed. The mother's clinical history suggests that the quantity of alcohol consumed has no marked influence on birth weight, length of gestation and severity of the symptoms. Possibly a defective ethanol metabolism in the severely affected mothers may account for the dysplasias. PMID- 827695 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina in the child?]. PMID- 827696 TI - [Use of permanent magnets in the human body]. PMID- 827697 TI - [Alcohol and suicide]. PMID- 827698 TI - [Present-day therapy of hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The ammonia hypothesis is the most likely explanation for the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients. Reduction of hyperammonemia is therefore the most consistent therapy. From this point of view, the antibiotics have a central significance for the reduction of ammonia formation in the intestinal tract. Equally important is the correction of the hypopotassemia, which may lead to a renally induced hyperammonemia. At the same time, disorders which favor the cerebral toxicity of ammonia, especially anemia and hypoxias, must be compensated. These various measures have improved the prognosis for hepatic encephalopathy of the cirrhosis patient, but were without effect on the course of the coma in severe toxic hepatitis. During the last toxic hepatitis. During the last 10 years, many treatment methods have been reported whose efficacy, however, could not be proved. PMID- 827699 TI - [Intestinal enzymopathies of children (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years it has been successfully demonstrated that, in relation to congenital metabolic abnormalities, every enzyme of the gastro-intestinal tract may be absent or inactive.. In serious diseases of the intestinal tract, secondary inactivation of numerous enzymes may result. In this comprehensive presentation the pathology of the disaccharidases, the peptidases and lypolysis is described, the physiology being gone into briefly in each case. Furthermore, all known disturbances of absorption of sugar, aminoacids and fats are briefly dealt with. Finally, congenital chloridorrhea is described. PMID- 827700 TI - [Does allergy of the digestive tract exist? (author's transl)]. AB - Factors which set up an allergy of the digestive tract are alimentary antigens, fungal or bacterial antigens, drugs, among other things. The allergy is favored by achlorhydria, lack of pancreatic or duodenal enzymes or inflammations of the gastro-intestinal mucosa. The origin of a digestive allergy quite decisively depends on the A immunoglobulins. They can combine with high molecular weight antigens and so inhibit the transit of the active antigen. In the diagnosis, the authors have found a test particularly useful in which a few drops of antigen solution are administered sublingually. Therapy includes restoration of disturbed digestive functions, an individually planned diet and the avoidance of alcohol and strong spices. PMID- 827701 TI - [Methods for measuring the intestinal absorption of calcium in humans (author's transl)]. AB - For the determination of intestinal absorption of calcium, the fasting (12 hours) patient receives radioactive labeled calcium (45Ca, more frequently 47Ca) by mouth. After 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min, samples of venous blood are taken. The stool is also collected for three days. The determination of radiocalcium in the plasma and in the stool samples is done with a Geiger counter. This oral test provides informative results on numerous aspects of the pathophysiology of intestinal assimilation of calcium. In humans, the duodenum seems to be of the greatest importance for calcium absorption. PMID- 827702 TI - The mutagenic action of urethane. PMID- 827703 TI - Mutagenicity of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 827704 TI - The timing of the restitution of chromosome breaks induced by X-rays in the mature sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Drosophila melanogaster males with marked X and Y chromosomes were irradiated, and mature sperm sampled by mating the males to females carrying attached-X chromosomes. Induced loss and partial loss of the paternal sex chromosomes was studied. F1 females were scored according to their phenotype, and transmitted fragments were analyzed genetically. Half of the exceptional F1 females could be scored as "partial losses". Of the apparent total loss exceptions, which were tested, half were carrying detectable fragments. 21% of the transmissible fragments is an under-estimate because only 6 of the 10 chromosome tips were marked in such a way that duplications could be detected. In addition, the markers used were located near, but not at, the chromosome ends. These data are interpreted as indicating that a high proportion of the chromosome loss and partial loss, induced by irradiation of mature sperm, is a consequence of chromatid rearrangements arising from chromosome breaks which stay open until replication. It is suggested that, during the transition from sperm head to mature pronucleus, repair of breaks and chromosome replication are two processes that occur in overlapping time intervals. It is therefore possible for chromosome breaks induced in mature sperm to give rise to chromosome and chromatid rearrangements. PMID- 827705 TI - The improved "bithorax method" for the detection of rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - For the improved "bithorax method", homozygous ss sbd2 bx34e females and D3 Ubx e4/Payne ca males were used. The factor Dichaete (D3) permits easier scoring of the transvection phenotype. The female stock used is not deficient in the maternal repair system and therefore gave high yields of rearrangements. Furthermore--compared with that used before--the stock is more viable and more reproductive. To test the method, males were irradiated with X-rays or treated with the chemical mutagens diepoxybutane (DEB) or diethylnitrosamine (DEN). The frequencies of rearrangements recovered are comparable to those obtained with the conventional translocation tests. PMID- 827706 TI - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in DNA polymerase I. PMID- 827707 TI - Studies on the interaction between Sclerotium bataticola and Aspergillus flavus. AB - Metabolic products of Aspergillus flavus Link had a toxigenic effect upon Sclerotium bataticola Maub., decreasing its radial expansion and dry weight and enhancing sclerotial production. Metabolites of S. bataticola significantly lowered conidial output, slightly decreased the mycelial harvest but did not influence the linear spread of A. flavus. A. flavus, elaborating aflatoxin B1 (Rf 0.56), showed fluorescent spots identical to the original but with lower Rf value of 0.25 upon treatment with metabolic products of S. bataticola which itself exhibited fluorescent spots. PMID- 827708 TI - Narcotic antagonists: the search for long-acting preparations: introduction. PMID- 827709 TI - Testing of drug delivery systems for use in the treatment of narcotic addiction. AB - The evaluation of the drug release characteristic of four naltrexone delivery systems has been carried out together with the development of analytical techniques and an investigation of the metabolic profile of naltrexone. Pharmacologic evaluation of the four delivery systems in the mouse indicated significant analgesic antagonism for a period of from 16-22 days. Further evaluation of one of these systems by measurement of the rate of excretion of radioactivity after administration of radiolabelled naltrexone in the delivery system confirmed that significant release occurs for a time period of about 15 days. Electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic assays for naltrexone and naloxone in plasma or urine have been developed that yield linear calibration curves and are sensitive to one ng/ml. Studies on naltrexone disposition indicate that (a) binding to plasma proteins in several species varies from 20-26 per cent, (b) distribution of drug from blood is extremely rapid and extensive, (c) beta-naltrexol is a major metabolite of naltrexone in man, monkey and guinea pig among six species studied, whereas alpha-naltrexol is a minor metabolite in the monkey and guinea pig only, and (d) metabolic reduction of naltrexone occurs in the 100,000 x g supernatant of guinea pig liver. Pharmacokinetic studies of naltrexone in the dog and monkey indicate that the drug is rapidly distributed and eliminated, has a very large apparent volume of distribution and a total body clearance greater than the rate of liver blood flow. PMID- 827710 TI - Somatic mutation as the basis for malignant transformation of BHK cells by chemical carcinogens. AB - The chemical induction of malignant transformation in BHK cells seems to result from a somatic mutation. Stable transformants, whose frequency is significantly increased by mutagenic carcinogens, can revert to normal and often display temperature-restricted phenotypes indicative of an altered gene product. PMID- 827711 TI - Transfer of chlorinated biphenyls to Antarctica. PMID- 827712 TI - EGTA and proteinase reversal of cellular aggregation of activated lymphocytes. PMID- 827713 TI - Fossil hominid femora. PMID- 827714 TI - [The so-called "delivery head"]. PMID- 827715 TI - [A controlled sociological and psychological study on patients with juvenile myoclonus epilepsy]. PMID- 827716 TI - [Electroencephalographic and neurologic findings in hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic diabetic coma]. PMID- 827717 TI - Vasopressin released by nicotine in the monkey. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of i.v. nicotine on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma osmolality, and behavior in the conscious monkey. Adult, female, chronically prepared monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were studied with i.v. infusion of 5% dextrose and water in control experiments without change in parameters. Nicotine infusion (100 mug/kg/min) in 14 experiments produced a significant increase in plasma AVP from control levels of 0.6 +/- 0.5 muU/ml to end-of-infusion levels of 35 +/- 17 muU/ml (p less than 0.001). During the 15-20 min of nicotine infusion, a behavioral sequence of restlessness, yawning, retching, salivation and chewing accompanied AVP release. Plasma osmolality remained unchanged. Pretreatment of the monkeys with promethazine (Phenergan) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) at 1-5 mg/kg reduced both the plasma AVP increase and the behavioral effects. These results provide conclusive evidence that nicotine can release large amounts of AVP in the monkey. PMID- 827718 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation in the treatment of dehiscence of the duodenal stump]. PMID- 827719 TI - Webs, dysrhythmias and diverticula of the oesophagus. PMID- 827721 TI - Pediatrics and adult care: interchange of ideas needed. PMID- 827720 TI - Skull growth from birth to adulthood in Gilbertese on Betio. AB - The growth of the skull from birth till adulthood was studied among Gilbertese from Betio. With few exceptions the average head circumference was bigger in males than in females, but rarely at statistically significant levels. After the age of six months the mean head circumference of the Gilbertese fell almost invariably below the third percentile of a North American standard. The rate of growth of the skull in Gilbertese was also smaller than in North Americans, both absolutely and relative to the head circumference at birth. The possible role of early protein-energy malnutrition remained obscure. PMID- 827722 TI - New treatments of Paget's disease. PMID- 827724 TI - Patient focus in multidisciplinary review. PMID- 827723 TI - Insulin is not enough: physician and nurse deficiencies revealed in an audit of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 827725 TI - Teamwork: the crux of multidisciplinary audit. PMID- 827727 TI - Communication as the key to effective joint practice audit. PMID- 827726 TI - Dialogue, not monologue. PMID- 827728 TI - The whole is not equal to the sum of its part: how to construct combined audit criteria using separate medical and nursing criteria for lumbar laminectomy for disc disease. PMID- 827729 TI - Development of Isospora begemina in dogs and other mammals. AB - The life-cycle of canine Isospora bigemina was studied in dogs, cattle, cats and mice. Under experimental conditions dogs served as both definitive and intermediate hosts. Unsporulated oocysts (11 X 12 mum) were shed in the faeces and sporulated outside the host within 12 h at 30-37 degrees C and 36 to 48 h at 23 degrees C. Sporulated oocysts measured 12 X 13 mum and contained 2 sporocysts which in turn contained 4 sporozoites. Sporocysts averaged 6 X 9 mum and sporozoites averaged 2 X 6 mum. Although no stages were found microscopically in tissues or in faeces of 23 dogs orally inoculated with sporulated oocysts, the oocysts were infectious because 5 of 14 dogs that ingested tissues of dogs fed oocysts, shed oocysts. Prepatent periods were 7 to 15 days; patency was 1-3 days. No dogs became ill. In the naturally infected dog and one experimentally infected dog, schizonts were found in epithelial cells, distal to the host cell nucleus at the tips of villi throughout the small intestine. Schizonts were 5-7 mum and contained 3-12 merozoites. In the naturally infected dog, gametes were found in the same location. Male gametocytes were 6-8 mum and contained 6-12 microgametes, and female gametes were 7-8 mum. Sporulated I. bigemina oocysts from a naturally infected dog were not infectious to cattle, cats or mice. Structurally identical oocysts were shed by 2 dogs after ingesting hearts and diaphragm from naturally infected cattle; these oocysts were also not infectious to cattle. Although dogs acted as both intermediate and definitive hosts under experimentation, this is not likely to occur in nature. A canine-bovine-canine cycle would appear to be the natural mode of infection but I. bigemina was not infectious to cattle under experimental conditions. PMID- 827730 TI - Haemoproteid parasites of Passer spp. AB - The taxonomic status of the haemoproteid parasites hitherto described from the avian genus Passer is reviewed. It is concluded that 1 species only is valid Haemoproteus passeris Kruse (1890), all other species being designated as synonyms. From material obtained from Passer domesticus a re-description is given of H. passeris which has shown to exhibit a wide range of morphological forms. The reasons for this are discussed. Schizogonic stages are described for the first time for this species, and evidence is presented which suggests that H. passeris does not belong to the sub-genus Parahaemoproteus. Schizogonic stages previously considered to be from Passer spp. probably originated from birds of another genus and family. H. passeris appears to be restricted to the avian genus Passer in which it has a world-wide distribution. PMID- 827732 TI - Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy without respiratory disease: report of two cases of the latent form. AB - Two cases of the latent form of Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy or Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy without respiratory disease or respiratory problems are reported. The skeletal survey was diagnostic in both of them. In the first case it was performed after the pelvic film, ordered because of externally rotated thighs, showed triradiate acetabulum. In the second case the skeletal survey was requested because of undiagnosed mental retardation syndrome. PMID- 827731 TI - [Disorders of haemostasis in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis, with special reference to recurrent arteriovenous fistula thrombosis. Effects of dipyridamole (author's transl)]. AB - Platelet functions and blood coagulation have been regularly investigated in 31 patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis for 5 months to 6 years. Fifteen of them suffered from at least two arteriovenous fistula thrombosis during the year prior the first examination. Eleven patients, including eight with recurrent thrombosis, received 300-400 mg per day dipyridamole during 1 month to 2 years. Some abnormalities are commonly observed in the whole studied population: lowering of platelet adhesiveness, defective aggregation in the presence of both collagen and ADP 5. 10-5 M; increased level of factor V and mainly factor VIII. Mean platelet factor 3 activity was in the normal range with variations from one case to another. The only unusual feature observed in patients with recurrent thrombosis was an increase of platelet aggregation induced by ADP 0.5. 10-6 M. Neither spontaneous aggregation nor significant abnormality of plasminogen level and plasma antithrombin activity were observed. Under dipyridamole therapy, correction of platelet hyperaggregability was observed in all patients and improvement of platelet adhesiveness in half the studied cases (despite the unchanged anaemia). The treatment significantly decreased the frequency of arteriovnous fistule thrombosis in the six patients observed during two consecutive years, the first one without and the second under treatment: the total number of thrombosis was 18 during the first and 3 in the second period. PMID- 827733 TI - The syndrome of accelerated bone maturation in the newborn infant with dysmorphism and congenital malformations. (The so-called Marshall-Smith syndrome). AB - A new case of the syndrome of "accelerated skeletal maturation, facial dysmorphism, failure to thrive and psychomotor retardation" is presented. The syndrome was noted in the neonatal period. The diagnosis can be readily suggested by the radiologist because ossification centers show exceptionally early maturation. This case history increases to at least five the number of cases so far reported following the initial publication by Marchall and al. in 1971. If the two cases described in 1974 by Weaver and al. (as a distinct entity) are also included then the total of cases reported rises to seven. PMID- 827734 TI - Purification of rabbit anti-human fibrinogen antibodies cross reactivity of mammalian fibrinogen. AB - A simple isolation procedure of highly purified and unaltered rabbit antibodies to human fibrinogen is described. The method used is based upon the preferential adsorption of fibrinogen by barium sulfate at acid pH. After redissolution of the specific precipitate and dissociation of the antigen-antibody complexes at pH 2.4, the fibrinogen is removed by adsorption on barium sulfate, while the antibody protein stays in solution. BaSO4 is eliminated by centrifugation and the supernatant is neutralized and concentrated by ammonium sulfate fractionation (40% saturation). A concentrated solution of specific anti-fibrinogen antibodies is thus obtained; the latter can be used to prepare, by selective immunprecipitation, a fibrinogen free plasma, and to analyze precipitin patterns in cross reacting systems. PMID- 827735 TI - Red cells adhering to a glass surface: deformation in a well-defined fluid shear field. AB - Red blood cells adhering to a clean glass surface deform and elongate when acted on by a fluid shear stress. Crenated cells become smooth when the shear stress exceeds 6 dynes/cm2. The cell membrane forms thin tethers, and cell detachment from the surface occurs when the shear stress exceeds 10 dynes/cm2. PMID- 827736 TI - [Thrombocytopathia with cyclo-oxygenase deficiency]. AB - In four patients, platelet aggregation with arachidonate was absent but was normal with "Labile Aggregation Stimulating Substance". ADP (10muM) aggregation was always reversible; collagen aggregation was absent and those induced by thrombin and ristocetin were normal. Collagen did not induce 14C-serotonin release but there was some release with thrombin. There was no thromboxan B2 synthesis in these platelets. Two patients showed hereditary hemostasis defect and the others acquired cyclo-oxygenase deficiency. PMID- 827737 TI - [Platelet abnormalities in dysproteinemias (author's transl)]. AB - Hemorrhagic manifestations are relatively common in dysproteinemias (7 a 15% in myeloma, 36% in macroglobulinemia) but they are not often related to a qualitative platelet defect. In the present work we have studied the influence of some monoclonal immunoglobulins on the function of isolated normal platelets. The results show that platelet aggregations to collagen and ADP are impaired in presence of high concentration of paraproteins (about 50 gm/l). The molecular size of the protein is also important. This is in agreement with most studies and support the hypothesis that paraproteins interfere with platelet activity. PMID- 827739 TI - Daycare for the elderly. PMID- 827738 TI - Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). AB - Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular. PMID- 827740 TI - Synthesis of 3-aryl-2-thiohydantoin- and 3-arylhydantoin-5-acetic acids and screening of some of their pharmacological properties. AB - Seven 3-aryl-2-thiohydantoin-5-acetic acids were obtained from asparagine and arylisothiocyanates. After desulphuration of these compounds by monochloroacetic acid seven 3-arylhydantoin-5-acetic acids were obtained. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by their IR spectra. None of the compounds neither showed the anticonvulsive activity in the electroconvulsions and pentylenetetrazole tests nor inhibited the prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 827741 TI - Reactions of cyanomethylbenzimidazoles. Part III. Reaction of cyanomethylbenzimidazoles with isocyanates and isothiocyanates. AB - In the reaction of 2-cyanomethylbenzmidazole and their 1- and 5-methyl derivatives with aromatic isocyanates and isothiocyanates, 23 N-arylamides resp. thioamides of benzimidazolyl-2-alpha-cyanoacetic acid were obtained. The structure of the newly compounds (Table 1) was confirmed by NMR and IR spectra. Some of these shown moderate tuberculostatic activity in vitro. PMID- 827742 TI - Prolonged nasogastric tube feeding in critically ill and surgical patients. AB - Fifteen patients with varying diagnoses were fed via nasogastric tubes for between 7 and 41 days using a feed consisting of Caloreen (a glucose polymer) and Albumaid (a beef serum hydrolysate) with vitamin and mineral supplements. The feed proved nutritionally adequate and relatively free of complications. Diarrhoea was seen only in those patients receiving antibiotics by the nasogastric route. Codeine phosphate abolished this symptom in all patients. The constant drip method of administration proved efficient and time saving. Unlike prepacked preparations, the feed could be varied in composition to suit the clinical situation. This was of particular advantage in the intensive care context. The feed was relatively inexpensive. PMID- 827743 TI - Alpha-chain disease in an Englishman. AB - Eighty cases of the gastro-intestinal form of alpha-chain disease had been reported up to the time of writing this communication (September 1975). All patients were non-Caucasians. This report presents a case of this in an Englishman who became ill whilst working the tropics. His clinical features and response to therapy were entirely in line with the other cases so far reported. PMID- 827745 TI - [Assessment of the results of bacteriologic studies in experimental renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 827744 TI - [Toxicity of sodium nitroprusside (author's transl)]. AB - The mode of breakdown of sodium nitroprusside (NPN) is described and the fact is pointed out that cyanide is formed during the process. The main mode of detoxication leads to the production of thiocyanate. Potential effects of cyanide formation are: blocking of cytochrome oxidase and carbonic anhydrase and cyanmethaemoglobin. The clinical features of NPN poisoning are reviewed. The importance of preventing NPN poisoning by strictly adhering to the maximun doses (1.5mg/kg bodyweight) is emphasized. Anti-dose are; injections of hydroxycobalamin (22.4 mg/mg NPN) and sodium thiosulfate (5.0 mg/mg NPN). The use of drugs to induce methaemoglobin formation is now obsolete. As only very few cases of NPN poisoning have so far been reported; there is no need to discontinue the use of this drug, provided the maximun dosis is not exceeded and the patient is under strict surveillance. PMID- 827746 TI - [Bactericidal effect of rifampicin]. PMID- 827747 TI - Primary health care in Botswana: a study in cost-effectiveness. PMID- 827748 TI - Clinical and laboratory investigations of monovalent and combined meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, groups A and C. PMID- 827749 TI - Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in experimental alcoholic liver injury in the baboon. PMID- 827750 TI - Neonatal treatment with TRH affects development, learning, and emotionality in the rat. AB - Rats that received injections of TRH from Days 2-7 postnatally ran faster to a palatable food reward than controls at 33-37 days of age. Rats treated with TRH were less emotional and more active in an open field both as pups and as adults. There were few notable differences in developmental measures except that the teeth erupted earlier in control animals. Weights of glands and brain parts showed that ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and hypothalamus were heavier in treated animals. The results indicated that TRH given early in life may affect adult behavior by reducing emotionally. PMID- 827751 TI - Pituitary responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone in depressed patients: a review. AB - Numerous studies show that most depressed patients show abnormal pituitary responses to challenge by intravenous injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Some patients show after TRH diminished thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release, some show unexpected growth hormone release; prolactin release may be increased or decreased. The diminished TSH release is the most widely reported finding. It cannot be accounted for by primary changes in the pituitary or thyroid glands. Interference with TRH-induced TSH release by elevated cortisol may account for some observations, but this possibility has not been studied. The present data provide additional evidence that in depression there is often a disruption of hypothalamic regulatory function. PMID- 827752 TI - Prolonging lateral hypothalamic anorexia by tube-feeding. PMID- 827753 TI - Proportional hypothalamic control of behavioral thermoregulation in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 827754 TI - Comprehensive care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Once a diagnosis of COPD is suspected, history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests, chest roentgenogram, sputum analysis, and so forth, are useful to assess the severity of obstructive airways diseases. A comprehensive program of care is then outlined (Table 2). General measures include avoidance of infection and inhalants, humidification, and proper rest and diet. Appropriate medications may include bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids, cromolyn sodium, digitalis, and diuretics. Inhalation therapy as aerosols, IPPB, and supplemental oxygen may be indicated. Physical therapy with postural drainage, exercise reconditioning, and occupational therapy deserve attention. The day-to-day care of the vast majority of patients with COPD is managed by primary care physicians. This systematic approach to pulmonary rehabilitation will yield definite rewards. Patients will feel and perform better. They will note an improved exercise tolerance, leading to increased activities of daily living. They will experience reduction in the frequency and duration of hospitalization as well as a decrease in anxiety and depression with an improved quality of life. PMID- 827756 TI - Effect of unit dose and route of administration on self-administration of morphine. AB - Rats were implanted with intravenous or intragastric cannulas and allowed to self administer morphine sulfate in doses of 0 (saline), 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/infusion. For the intravenous route the number of infusions decreased with increasing unit dose, while the amount self-administered was directly related to unit dose. However, for the intragastric route the number of infusions first increased and then decreased as unit dose was elevated, while the amount self-administered again increased with unit dose. Comparisons between routes showed that for intragastric subjects the number of infusions and amount self administered both were lower at the two lowest doses but higher for all other doses. These results support the expectation that intravenous injection should produce more potent reinforcing effects than intragastric administration. PMID- 827755 TI - Climbing behavior induced by apomorphine in mice: a simple test for the study of dopamine receptors in striatum. AB - Mice treated with low doses of apomorphine tend to adopt a vertical position along the walls of their cage. Optimal conditions have been defined to obtain a reliable dose-response relationship. This peculiar behavior appears to be elicited by stimulation of dopamine receptors in the striatum: it is suppressed after coagulation of this structure while it is facilitated when these receptors are made hypersensitive by previous treatments with 6-hydroxy-dopamine or haloperidol; on the other hand, it is not modified by coagulation of the nucleus accumbens. The relative efficacy of various agonists and antagonists of dopamine receptors have been determined on this test. It appears that this stereotyped behavior might represent a convenient mean to assess the stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors in mice. PMID- 827757 TI - Marihuana and human physical activity. AB - Adult male volunteers with a prior history of either moderate (N = 12) or heavy (N = 14) marihuana use were systematically observed before, during and after a 21 day period of free access to 1 g 2% delta-9 THC marihuana cigarettes. A matched sample of casual alcohol drinkers (N = 11) served as a control group. Sleep and other molar behaviors were observed hourly to obtain a representative sample of daily activity. Both moderate and heavy users were less active immediately after marihuana use and slept more on days following heavier consumption. Heavy users reduced their waking activity on days following heavier consumption, as well as during the entire period of marihuana availability. These reactions did not persist beyond the period of availability for either group. The findings suggest a dose-related delayed reaction to heavy marihuana consumption which disappears following the cessation of regular use. However, changes in activity following single doses of marihuana may be related more to the social circumstances of its use than to its pharmacological action. PMID- 827758 TI - Comparison of single dose kinetics of imipramine, nortriptyline and antipyrine in man. AB - The single dose kinetics of imipramine (IP), nortriptyline (NT), and antipyrine (AP) were compared in 7 healthy subjects. Test doses of AP were given intravenously and test doses of IP and NT were given both orally and by intravenous infusion. The plasma concentration/time curves after intravenous IP and NT were analysed according to a 2-compartment open model. In addition a blood flow independent 'true' clearance was calculated according to a sinusoidal perfusion model. Indirect estimates of hepatic blood flow were obtained from the oral and i.v. plasma concentration/time curves after NT administration. Compared to NT, IP had statistically significant higher clearances, shorter half-lives, and smaller apparent volumes of distribution. There was a significant correlation between apparent volume of distribution (Vdbeta) of IP and NT (n = 5, r = 0.85), but only a weak correlation between the clearance measurements of the two compounds. Systemic clearance of AP and IP showed some positive correlation (n = 7, r = 0.73), whereas there were no significant correlations between AP and NT kinetics. The data indicate that inter- and intraindividual variations in hepatic blood flow may influence the measurements. Other possible sources of variability are individual differences in hepatic extraction kinetics, and differences in binding to blood constituents. PMID- 827760 TI - Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence. AB - In order to study trends in smoking withdrawal symptoms, 35 participants in a smoking cessation clinic completed four questionnaires daily for 2 weeks. The questionnaire dealt with a variety of symptoms which a factor analysis showed could be grouped into four factors: stimulation, desire to smoke, and physical and psychological symptoms. Changes were observed in reports of symptoms over days. Trend analyses found that each symptom group except stimulation showed significant patterns or changes as a function of days in abstinence. These symptom clusters were all found to have U-shaped functions. In addition, desire to smoke and psychological symptoms showed linear decreases as abstinence proceeded. Light and heavy smokers were found to differ in the pattern of reported stimulation. Ss who were totally abstinent reported less severe craving overall for cigarettes than those who only reduced their cigarette consumption by an average of 60%. Also, the craving of totally abstinent Ss dropped off more sharply as abstinence proceeded. The import of these patterns and trends in withdrawal symptoms as a function of time is discussed. PMID- 827759 TI - Alterations in the vigilance performance of children receiving amitriptyline and methylphenidate pharmacotherapy. AB - The effects of amitriptyline (Elavil) and methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the vigilance of 20 hyperactive/aggressive children was investigated using an auditory version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Over the course of this letter-detection task, correct detections tended to return to pretreatment levels under placebo, but were maintained at significantly improved levels under amitriptyline and methylphenidate. The relatively steep performance decrement which occurred in the placebo condition was found to be associated with a progressive increase in responses to the letter which immediately followed a target letter. Treating these 'late' responses as slow but 'correct' detections failed to eliminate the treatment effects obtained with amitriptyline and methylphenidate. It was concluded that in addition to keeping detection response latencies from increasing, the medications produced a heightened level of vigilance which resulted in an absolute increase in the number of correct detections. The facilitation of vigilance performance by amitriptyline was in apparent contradiction to reports by parents and teachers that children appeared 'drowsy' while receiving this medication. Findings of the study suggested that children's ability to process information was unaffected by the reported side effect. PMID- 827761 TI - EEG and behavioral effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in combination with stimulant drugs in rabbits. AB - In rabbits, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at 0.5 mg/kg i.v., was challenged with i.v. methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg), cocaine (1 mg/kg), apomorphine (1 mg/kg), or caffeine (12.5 mg/kg), and observations were made on quantified EEG and behavior. Cortical and hippocampal alterations produced by THC were antagonized by methamphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine and only briefly by apomorphine. Postural and activity behaviors were reversed by methamphetamine and caffeine but only briefly by cocaine and apomorphine. Additionally, stereotypy resulted from the combination of THC with methamphetamine, cocaine, or apomorphine. These data indicate that the effects of THC were antagonized by stimulant drugs of which caffeine was the most effective. However, novel toxicity also resulted from the interaction of THC with catecholaminergic drugs. PMID- 827762 TI - Effects of 2-propyl 2-pentenoic acid on the acquisition of conditioned behavior with negative reinforcement in mice. AB - 2-Propyl 2-pentenoic acid (PP delta), at a dose of 6 mg/kg (0.04 mM/kg), has a facilitating action on the acquisition of conditioned avoidance reactions. This effect of PP delta is correlated with increase of the level of brain gamma aminobutyric acid, following administration of PP delta. PMID- 827763 TI - The effects of ethanol upon threshold and response rate for self-stimulation. AB - The hypothesis that ethanol would reduce the threshold for self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle was not supported. Ten rats, implanted with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus, were shaped to bar press for electrical brain stimulation. The effects of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 g/kg ethanol injections upon threshold and response rate for self-stimulation were measured. The lowest dose had no effect upon self-stimulation threshold while 0.9 and 1.2 g/kg ethanol raised thresholds. Rate of bar pressing was increased by 0.6 g/kg ethanol but was not affected by higher doses. Results were discussed in terms of a postulated dual effect of ethanol upon a brain arousal system and upon a reward system. PMID- 827764 TI - Effect of cyproheptadine and combinations of cyproheptadine and amphetamine on intermittently reinforced lever-pressing in rats. AB - Effects of the tryptamine antagonist, cyproheptadine, as well as of amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, and combinations of cyproheptadine with amphetamine on lever pressing behavior of rats were determined. A multiple, fixed-interval, 2 min fixed-ratio, 15 response schedule of water presentation was used. The three drugs affected fixed-interval fixed-ratio responding in a rate-dependent way, lower rates being more increased whereas higher rates were relatively more decreased. Cyproheptadine increased low response rates to a lesser extent than amphetamine, but increased high response rates that were little affected or only decreased by amphetamine. The combination of cyproheptadine and amphetamine increased response rates to a higher extent than either of the drugs alone. In addition, the rate suppressant effects of the highest doses of amphetamine were also enhanced by cyproheptadine. These results show that cyproheptadine can increase nonpunished responding and suggest that cyproheptadine and amphetamine act synergistically, but through different mechanisms, upon multiple fixed-interval fixed-ratio performance. PMID- 827765 TI - The effects of haloperidol upon temporal information processing by patients with Tourette's syndrome. AB - Tourette's syndrome patients treated successfully with haloperidol, untreated patients, and healthy controls were studied with tests of temporal discrimination and measures of transmitted information shown previously to be sensitive to brain dysfunction. Untreated patients showed no impairment of temporal processing while those treated with haloperidol showed significant deficit in amount of transmitted information comparable to prior studies of brain syndromes. PMID- 827766 TI - Influence of 6-hydroxydopamine on the behavioral effects induced by apomorphine or clonidine in rats. AB - The aim of this paper is to examine if central chemical sympathectomy induced by two injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a dose of 250 mug intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) affects behavioral phenomena elicited by apomorphine (AP) (1 or 1.2 mg/kg i.p.) or clonidine (CL) (0.1 MG/KG, 5 Or 1 mug/kg i.p.). Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The time of duration of several components of behavior and the degree of irritability of rats were measured. Moreover, open field and hole test were performed. The lower dose of AP did not affected behavior of rats. The higher dose increased the locomotor and exploratory activity of animals. 6-OHDA potentiated these effects of AP. CL (0.1 mg/kg) had a depressive effect on the rats' behavior, which was potentiated by 6-OHDA. CL (5 mug/kg) had no effect on the rats' behavior, but in a dose of 1 mug/kg caused excitatory behavior. This type of behavior was abolished by 6-OHDA. In conclusion, central chemical sympathectomy caused increased sensitivity of the central nervous system on AP. Excitatory behavioral effects of CL in low dosage may be connected with stimulation of central adrenergic receptors. Depressive behavioral effect of CL in high dosage is unspecific. Central chemical sympathectomy affects by different methods the reactivity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. PMID- 827767 TI - Effects of tranylcypromine stereoisomers, clorgyline and deprenyl on open field activity during long term lithium administration in rats. AB - Locomotor activity of male rats was studied in an open field after an i.p. injection (15 mg/kg) of the d- or l-isomers of tranylcypromine (d-Tc and l-Tc, respectively) or after s.c. injection of either clorgyline (0.5, 1 or 5 mg/kg) which selectively inhibits Type A MAO or deprenyl (0.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) which selectively inhibits Type B MAO. The rats were fed a diet containing either no lithium (control group) or lithium chloride (lithium group) for at least 28 days prior to tests. In the control group, d-Tc increased ambulation while l-Tc, deprenyl and clorgyline failed to affect activity. In the lithium group, d-Tc and deprenyl increased ambulation, l-Tc increased ambulation and rearing, while clorgyline failed to affect activity. Lithium appeared to potentiate the behavioral effects of deprenyl and l-Tc. Symptoms of serotonin-dependent hyperactivity appeared in the control group and lithium group given d-Tc. The role of biogenic amines in the effects of the drugs on open field activity is discussed. PMID- 827768 TI - Effect of isolation on barbiturate anaesthesia in the rat. AB - The duration of barbiturate-induced sleeping in rats was found to be reduced by isolation housing. It was also lower in males than females, and lower in the dark phase of the diurnal cycle. These variables were shown to be additive in their effects. Sex differences in barbiturate action were found to be reduced by gonadectomy in males; and the effects of isolation were found to depend upon housing conditions at the time of testing rather than upon early rearing environment. The implication for theories of arousal is discussed. PMID- 827769 TI - A comparison of the central actions of prostaglandins A1, E1, E2, F1alpha, and F2alpha in the rat. I. Behavioral, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant actions of intraventricular prostaglandins in the rat. AB - The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) A1, E1, E2, F1alpha, and F2alpha administered intraventricularly at doses of 0.02--4.0 mug/rat were studied in some behavioral, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant tests in rats. Exploratory and locomotor activity were decreased by all PGs except A1 and F2alpha which had no effect on locomotor activity. All PGs studied, except A1, induced hyperthermia and afforded protection in the 'hot-plate' analgesic test and against maximal electro-shock seizures. PMID- 827770 TI - Dopamine receptor alteration in schizophrenia: neuroendocrine evidence. AB - Growth hormone (hGH) responses to centrally acting dopamine agonists were used as indices of CNS dopaminergic function in order to test hypotheses implicating dopaminergic alteration in the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Apomorphine, a direct acting dopamine receptor agonist, and L-Dopa, an indirect agonist dependent upon presynaptic conversion to dopamine for its action, both elicited elevations in plasma hGH in most young male schizophrenic- and control-subjects. A highly significant difference was seen between the distribution of hGH responses to apomorphine for schizophrenics and that for controls. Unusually high hGH response to apomorphine was seen in schizophrenics who subsequently failed to respond to neuroleptic therapy; intermediate hGH response was seen in controls; and low hGH response was seen in subsequent neuroleptic responders; differences in hGH response were statistically significant for all intergroup comparisons. No such differences were seen between responses of individuals to L-Dopa and to apomorphine. The findings suggest that the variability of hGH response to apomorphine is a reflection of dopamine receptor sensitivity, and that this variability may be an index of non-endocrine related dopaminergic sensitivity. They are consistent with hypotheses relating schizophrenia to alteration in dopamine receptors, although the type of receptor and the direction of alteration may be complex. PMID- 827771 TI - Sensitivity to chlorpromazine effects on brain function of schizophrenics and normals. A preliminary report. AB - For the purpose of quantitative demonstration of the sensitivity to chlorpromazine (CPZ) effects on brain functions of schizophrenics and normal subjects, polygraphic recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal response (EDR) were performed before and 3 h after oral administration of 25 mg of CPZ: percent time waking EEG (per cent W-EEG) and number per minute of EDR were measured during the resting period and the period of calculation. In 10 normal adult subject, both per cent W-EEG and number of EDR showed remarkable decrease after CPZ administration. In 22 schizophrenics, however, per cent W-EEG showed no significant decrease after CPZ administration. Number of EDR in schizophrenics during the period of calculation did not show any significant decrease. The neural mechanism underlying the lower sensitivity to CPZ effects in schizophrenics was discussed. PMID- 827772 TI - Physostigmine: effects on cognition and affect in normal subjects. AB - Physostigmine was given intravenously to a total dose of 3 mg to 13 subjects; a placebo of 0.25 N saline was given intravenously to 10 other subjects; both groups received 1 mg of methscopolamine bromide subcutaneously preceding the intravenous infusions. A "physostigmine syndrome" consisting of decreased speech, slowed thoughts, mild sedation, expressionless faces, nausea, and decreased spontaneous activity was evident following doses of 1.5 to 2.0 mg of physostigmine. The capacity of short-term memory (STM) as measured by digit span tasks was significantly less for the subjects who received physostigmine than for the subjects who received placebo. No difference was observed between the two groups on tasks of consolidation from STM to long-term memory (LTM). Subjects who received physostigmine did not significantly differ from subjects who received placebo in their mood. However, two subjects in the physostigmine group, and no subjects in the saline group became tearful and depressed. PMID- 827774 TI - Cholinergic mechanisms and sexual behavior in the male rabbit. AB - The effects of cholinolytic as well as of cholinomimetic agents on sexual behavior in male rabbits were investigated. Castrated animals, injected with a supramaximal testosterone dose, were used. Scopolamine or methylscopolamine, 0.1 mg/kg, inhibited sexual activity. A dose of 0.02 mg had no effects. The muscarinic receptor-stimulating drug, pilocarpine, completely inhibited sexual activity at doses of 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg. A subeffective dose of methylscopolamine completely antagonized the effects of pilocarpine 2 mg/kg, partly the effect of pilocarpine 10 mg/kg, and not at all the effect of pilocarpine 50 mg/kg. Scopolamine completely antagonized the effects of pilocarpine 2 and 10 mg/kg, and not at all the effects of pilocarpine 50 mg/kg. The data indicate that the peripheral effects of both the receptor-blocking and stimulating agents is most important for the effects on sexual behavior, although a central site of action of pilocarpine cannot be ruled out. PMID- 827773 TI - Reversal of ethanol intoxications in humans: an assessment of the efficacy of propranolol. AB - The effect of post-ethanol ingestion of a single dose of propranolol on acute intoxication was studied in 13 healthy male volunteers. A within subjects, double blind, crossover design was employed. Each subject participated in two experimental sessions. In each session, subjects took a battery of tests under three conditions: Sober, Alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and Alcohol (1.1 g/kg) + Pill, in that order. The pill contained propranolol (40 mg) in one session and placebo in the other. Ethanol significantly reduced motor coordination, memory and divided attention performance and altered mood scores. Propranolol significantly increased ethanol's effects on divided attention, inebriation ratings and the electroencephalogram without significantly altering blood alcohol concentrations. There was no indication that propranolol antagonized any of ethanol's effects. These results agree with studies indicating that ethanol's effects are increased by a reduction in the functional capacity of central catecholamine systems. It is suggested that central catecholamine-stimulating drugs may reverse some of ethanol's effects. PMID- 827776 TI - The relationship between the anticonvulsant properties of SC-13504 and its plasma levels, measured by polarography, in baboons with photosensitive epilepsy. AB - SC-13504 was given intravenously to baboons with photosensitive epilepsy, Papio papio, with and without prior administration of allylglycine. Plasma levels of the drug were determined by differential pulse polarography and correlated with behavioural changes and the anticonvulsant action of the drug. Protection against photically induced seizures or self-sustaining myoclonic responses was seen 30 to 120 min after SC-13504, 4-8 mg/kg (when plasma levels were 1 mug/ml or greater). EEG and neurological signs of toxicity were seen after SC-13504 8 mg/kg but not after 4-6 mg/kg. PMID- 827775 TI - Determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol conjugates in urine. Application to the study of central noradrenaline metabolism in unmedicated chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - On the basis of post-mortem studies it has been proposed that the central deficit in schizophrenia may be in noradrenergic transmission. It has also been proposed that there is a substantial central contribution to the excretion of the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and more particularly of its sulphate conjugate in man. There is throught to be a lesser central contribution to the excretion of the other major noradrenaline metabolites, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and the glucuronide conjugate of MHPG. A strong negative correlation was found between severity of illness in a group of 18 unmedicated chronic schizophrenic patients and their 24-h excretion of MHPG sulphate but not of MHPG-glucuronide or VMA. However there was no significant difference in the mean excretion of MHPG conjugates or of VMA between the schizophrenic group and an institutional control group. This supports the idea of a relation between MHPG-sulphate excretion and central noradrenergic activity, but suggests that reduced brain noradrenaline turnover is neither necessary nor sufficient for schizophrenia to occur. One possible explanation is that reduced turnover pre-disposes towards a more severe illness in schizophrenics. PMID- 827777 TI - Effect of ethanol on aggression and timidity in mice. AB - The effects of ethanol (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 g/kg p.o.) on behavior of aggressive, timid, and sociable male mice treated with the drug on paired interactions with non-aggressive males given water were investigated. Under control interactions, aggressive mice attacked their partners, timid mice showed defensive-escape activities though their partners were completely non-aggressive, and sociable mice intensively investigated their partners. A low dose of ethanol (0.4 g/kg) increased while higher doses (0.8 to 2.4 g/kg) reduced aggressive activities in aggressive mice. Ethanol (0.8 g/kg) also evoked aggressive behavior in non-aggressive timid mice but no dose of ethanol stimulated aggression in non aggressive sociable mice. Ethanol altered timid defensive-escape activities only in the highest dose of 2.4 g/kg: this dose increased defences and escapes in aggressive males while it reduced defensive upright postures in timid mice. However, 2.4 g/kg of ethanol reduced also another upright movement (exploratory rearing) in timid mice. Sociable activities were not increased by any dose of ethanol tested. By contrast, 0.4 g/kg of ethanol reduced sniffing and following partners in sociable mice. Thus, ethanol exhibit relatively strong aggression stimulating effects in aversively disposed subjects while the drug was not able to supress timid defensive escape behavior and to stimulate active non-aggressive contacts between strange male mice. PMID- 827778 TI - The inhibitory effect of intraventricular administration of serotonin on spontaneous motor activity of rats. AB - Spontaneous motor activity was studied following injection of 1, 10 and 50 mug of serotonin (5-HT) into the lateral ventricle of chronically cannulated rats. During the first 15 min, the rats receiving the higher doses of 5-HT showed significant decrements (P less than 0.01) in motor activity compared to saline controls. No activation was observed in either group. After 20 min, no significant differences for any treatment condition compared to saline controls were observed. It is concluded that a principal effect of directly increasing brain 5-HT concentration is to decrease activity. Possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed. PMID- 827779 TI - A comparison of the effect of imipramine, nomifensine, and placebo on the psychomotor performance of normal males. AB - Imipramine (50 mg), nomifensine (50 mg) or placebo was administered early morning, late morning, and mid-afternoon to normal volunteers. The program of hourly tests included: the Digit Symbol Substitution, Perceptual Reversal, Time Estimation Test, and Simple and Complex Continuous Performances tests both of which required recognition of briefly exposed letters of the alphabet. It was found that relative to placebo or nomifensine, imipramine had a clearly detracting effect on most of the tests. Drowsiness was reported more often in the imipramine group than in the placebo and nomifensine groups combined. PMID- 827780 TI - Inhibition of conditional avoidance response by neuroleptics upon repeated administration. AB - Development of tolerance to neuroleptic compounds tested in the conditional avoidance model was investigated. Since tolerance may manifest itself by a diminished potency and/or a shortened duration of effect, the complete time course of effect was registered in these experiments. Rats were pretreated approximately 2 weeks with daily oral doses of chlorprothixene (20 mg/kg), flupenthixol (10 mg/kg), fluphenazine (2.5 mg/kg), or haloperidol (10 mg/kg) or twice a week with piflutixol (0.31 mg/kg). Three days after withdrawal chlorprothixene and flupenthixon caused a slightly but significantly weaker inhibition of avoidance performance in rats pretreated with the respective compounds and compared with non-pretreated rats, the duration of effect was shortened. Six dasy after withdrawal of piflutixol the duration of effect of a dose of piflutixol causing maximum inhibition was significantly shortened, while no homologous tolerance could be demonstrated in fluphenazine-pretreated rats. Cross tolerance was found after haloperidol-pretreatment when the rats were tested with fluphenazine 6 days after withdrawal. Homologous piflutixol tolerance could be shown 4 weeks after withdrawal. These results indicate that it is possible to demonstrate a slight tolerance to the effect of neuroleptic compounds when these are tested in conditional avoidance experiments. The cause of this tolerance is discussed. PMID- 827781 TI - The effects of d-amphetamine on temporal discrimination in the rat. AB - The effects of d-amphetamine on temporal discrimination in the rat were studied. Rats were trained on a two-manipulandum task involving the discrimination between two tones differing only in duration. d-Amphetamine (0.1 - 1.6 mg/kg) disrupted performance on this task, although not in an obvious dose-related manner. Lever biases were enhanced by the drug, but inconsistenly among rats. Enhanced lever bias did not necessarily correlate with deterioration of performance. The drug lengthened both response latency and the performance of terminal components of the operant chain. However the characteristic pattern of response latencies produced by the two tones was not altered significantly by the drug. The results are discussed in terms of whether the drug disrupts discrimination performance by a direct effect on processes of temporal discrimination or indirectly, by its other effects on behavior. PMID- 827782 TI - [Characteristics of the energy components involved in generation of the membrane potential of Streptococcus faecalis following gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 827783 TI - [Pharmacoradiography of the gastro intestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacoradiography of the digestive system improves often accuracy of diagnostic information compared to conventional X-ray examinations. Pharmacoradiography should be used more often; the examiner has to be familiar with the principal effects and side effects of the pharmaceutica. The present paper gives a short summary about drugs and examination techniques most often used. PMID- 827784 TI - Brain stimulation and the motivation of behavior. PMID- 827785 TI - The levamisole story. PMID- 827787 TI - [Chemosensory mutation of Drosophila (author's transl)]. PMID- 827786 TI - [Activation and inactivation mechanism of Benzo(a)pyrene (author's transl)]. PMID- 827788 TI - [Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to disinfecting agents]. PMID- 827789 TI - [The methods of therapy in geneticaly determined storage diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 827790 TI - Further studies on Haematoxenus separatus (Sporozoa, Theileriidae) of sheep in Tanzania. PMID- 827791 TI - [Infestation of Malagasy lemurs by Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809)]. PMID- 827792 TI - [The place of the EEG in the detection of cerebral tumors in cases of clinically isolated tardive epilepsy]. PMID- 827793 TI - The balance of host immunocompetence in chemical carcinogenesis and "nonspecific" immunotherapy. PMID- 827794 TI - Tests for tumor induction by antitumor agents. PMID- 827795 TI - The changing pattern of Hodgkin's disease seen at autopsy. PMID- 827796 TI - Management of osteogenic sarcoma at the Mayo Clinic. AB - In a Mayo Clinic prospective study of metastasis from osteogenic sarcoma, so called prophylactic whole-lung irradiation (a 1,500-rad tumor dose to the whole of both lungs, in divided doses, with oxygen and actinomycin) proved ineffective. 14 patients underwnet an operation for metastatic pulmonary disease. The earlier the excision of a metastatic lesion, the greater the chance of an effective cure. Preoperative irradiation of the bone tumor had no positive effect. The primary lesion should also be excised as soon as possible. Surgical removal of a tumor should be followed by immunotherapy or chemotherapy or both. The rate of reliably "cured" cases could be improved by extensive studies of immunologic reaction before and after surgical intervention. PMID- 827797 TI - X-ray therapy of primary bone tumors. AB - Radiotherapy of bone tumors can now be performed exclusively by megavolt therapy. Giant cell tumors hsould be resected. If the lesion is not completely resectable, surgery should be followed by the administration of a target dose of 3000 rads in 4-6 weeks. Inoperable giant cell tumors are irradiated to a tumor dose of 5000 rads, inoperable giant cell tumors of grade III receive a dose of 8000 rads as do osteosarcomas. Ewing's sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma can be totally destroyed by a tumor dose of 6000 rad with sufficient reliability. Combination with chemotherapy may offer a chance of improvement. Osteosarcoma should be resected. If surgery is too late (early distant metastases), a tumor dose of 8000 to 10000 rads would be able to destroy the tumor cells. Histologic control investigations have proved this. PMID- 827798 TI - Potent inhibitory activity of a new antiestrogen, RU 16 117, on the development and growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - When initiated the same day as dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) administration, daily treatment with 8 or 24 mug of the new antiestrogen RU 16117 (11alpha methoxy ethinyl estradiol) completely prevented the appearance of mammary tumors in all animals up to the last time interval studied (130 days after DMBA administration). At daily doses of 0.5 and 2.0 mug of RU 16117, the tumor incidence was reduced to 78.6% and 40.0%, respectively. The levels of receptors for estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin in tumor tissue were reduced after treatment with 2.0 mug RU 16117 while the binding of growth hormone and insulin was not affected. While plasma LH levels were decreased after treatment with 8 or 24 mug RU 16117, plasma prolactin levels were slightly increased in animals receiving the highest dose of the antiestrogen. When RU 16117 was given at the daily dose of 24 mug for a period of 4 weeks, RU 16117 led to 65% reduction of the number of already established DMBA-induced mammary tumors. Not only the tumor number but also the tumor size was reduced by RU 16117 in a manner similar to that following ovariectomy. That the inhibitory effect of RU 16117 was not due to its low estrogenic activity is indicated by the absence of inhibitory effect of similar treatment with a range of doses (0.1-12.5 mug per day) of estradiol 17beta which cover the low estrogenic activity of the doses of RU 16117 used. Decreased levels of receptors for estradiol-17beta, progesterone, and prolactin were found in the tumors remaining after ovariectomy while treatment with the dose (24 mug) of RU 16117, efficient to inhibit tumor growth, has a similar inhibitory effect on the levels of estradiol-17beta and prolactin receptors. The present data indicate that the potent inhibitory effect of RU 16117 on the development and growth of DMBA-induced mammary tumors results from actions at both the hypothalamic-pituitary and tumor levels. The action at the peripheral level would be possibly secondary to a reduced sensitivity of the tissue to circulating hormones through lowering of hormone receptor concentrations. PMID- 827800 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis III (Sanfilippo's syndrome): phenotypic characterization]. PMID- 827799 TI - [Saturnism, report of a case and concise review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 827801 TI - [Study of TRH in the postganglionic sypnasis of the isolated human vas deferens]. AB - Cummulative dose-response curves to l-noradrenaline and in presence of different concentrations of TRH (10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5), 10(-6), 10(-7), and 10(-8) M) were investigated. 25 segments of vas deferens (escrotal tract) were obtained from different surgical patients of urological disorders. At the lower concentration (greater than 10(-7) M), we can not appreciate any influence of TRH on the l noradrenaline response. Nevertheless there was a reduction of response to l noradrenaline, with displacement of the curves to the right side, for the high concentrations, and a proportional ratio to the concentration to TRH. PMID- 827802 TI - Colitis and death following gold therapy. PMID- 827803 TI - Oral ulceration and lymphocyte reactions in rheumatoid-arthritis patients on gold therapy. PMID- 827804 TI - [Therapeutic results with sodium dipropylacetate in infantile myoclonus epilepsy]. PMID- 827805 TI - [Early epilepsy in acute traumatic coma]. PMID- 827806 TI - IgA deficiency and influenza infection. AB - A prospective study of influenza was carried out on 90 blood donors deficient for serum IgA as tested with double immunodiffusion. Half of them lacked IgA even by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A correlation existed between serum haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody and resistance to infection, suggesting that the serum HI antibody was an important determinant of protection. The rate of infection as evidenced by a fourfold or greater rise in HI titre, was about the same in the RIA-negative and RIA-positive donors and slightly higher than the corresponding rate in pregnant women and in a ship's crew. PMID- 827807 TI - Indications that the Cgamma2 homology region is not a regular domain. AB - The Cgamma2 homology region of rabbit IgG does not behave like a domain. Thus, there is no trans-interaction between the two Cgamma2 regions; instead there is an unusual cis-interaction between Cgamma2 and Cgamma3 regions. The observations were made on the plasmin digestion products Facb (IgG minus the Cgamma3 region) and pFc' (Cgamma3 region), which did not dissociate under neutral conditions but dissociated in 3M guanidine solution (that is, cis-interaction between Cgamma2 and Cgamma3). The Facb fragment split into subunits with equal molecular weights under neutral conditions on partial reduction and alkylation (that is, lack of trans-interaction between the two Cgamma2 in the molecule). PMID- 827808 TI - Distribution of heavy-chain variable-region (Vh) subgroups on human lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from 20 normal blood donors were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti--F(ab')2, anti-VHI, anti-VHII, and anti VHIII subgroup antisera. The means of the percentages of staining were 2.9%, 5.0% and 5.5% for the VHI, VHII, VHIII subgroups, respectively. The sum of the percentages of the lymphocytes stained with each of the VH subgroup-specific antisera corresponded well with the percentages of lymphocytes stained with an anti-F(ab')2 antiserum. In addition, it was shown by double immunofluorescence staining and in various depletion experiments and tests with thymocytes and lymphocytes from patients with hypogammaglobulinemia that the cells staining with anti-Vh antisera corresponded to the membrane Ig-positive cells--that is, the B lymphocyte population. PMID- 827809 TI - [Treatment of diabetes mellitus with oral antidiabetics]. PMID- 827810 TI - [Treatment of 10 cases of symptomatic Paget's disease with etidronate (EHDP)]. AB - 10 patients with active symptomatic Paget's disease of bone have been treated for 6 months with disodium etidronate (EHDP) at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. A statistically significant fall in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline was observed. However, only 2 patients experienced a significant reduction of bone pain. 6 patients were partially improved and 2 patients showed no change. Iliac crest biopsies after treatment demonstrated dimunution of the abnormal structure of the pagetic bone, but also a considerable increase in unmineralized osteoid borders. The future potentialities for treatment of Paget's disease are discussed. PMID- 827811 TI - [The value of alkalizing treatments in severe diabetic keto-acidosis]. AB - In 37 diabetic patients with severe acidosis (pH less than 7.0; [HCO3-] less than 5.0 mMol/l), administration of insulin was preceded by a rapid infusion of molar sodium bicarbonate in order to obtain partial correction of acidosis (pH approximately 7.20). 31 patients survived (83,8%); 6 patients died in cardio circulatory failure associated in two cases with acute pulmonary edema. Initial administration of bicarbonate appears to be beneficial in preventing the deleterious effects of prolonged severe acidosis, such as cardiac arrhythmias, shock or acute pulmonary edema. Furthermore, partial correction of acidosis decreases the total dose of insulin necessary to compensate hyperglycemia and thereby reduces the danger of late hypoglycemia. This treatment calls for frequent checks on acid-base status and serum potassium. In most cases hypokalemia develops, but can be easily corrected by administration of potassium chloride. Normalization of arterial pH by bicarbonate infusion is not recommended in view of the development of late hypernatremia and metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 827812 TI - [Development of a simple oral short test with the TSH releasing hormone (TRH) and its use in thyroid diagnosis]. AB - A simple test with 40 mg of oral TRH after overnight fasting was developed and can be characterized as follows: This short oral TRH test has been found to be a most valuable thyroid function test for detection of hyper- and hypothyroidism. It is as reliable as the intravenous TRH test. Oral TRH produces much stronger and more prolonged TSH stimulation similar to that of a depot preparation. Therefore, the incidence of euthyroid controls with absent or subnormal TSH response to TRH is definitely lower than after intravenous TRH. In patients with low TSH response after i.v. TRH the oral TRH test is of particular diagnostic value in distinguishing euthyroid function from TSH suppression or pituitary failure. 40 mg or oral TRH produces reliable stimulation of T3 in most euthyroid subjects. In patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism no increase of T3 is obserable. Oral TRH allows simultaneous assessment of pituitary TSH and thyroid reserve in a single test. The practical advantages (side effects in only 2% [for i.v. TRH 60%], only 1 or 2 blood samples, fewer sampling errors and no i.v. injection) outweigh the disadvantages (longer duration of the test, dependence on food intake and gastrointestinal absorption). PMID- 827813 TI - [The adaptation of the thyroid gland to increasing iodide administration and the "Iodide Basedow"]. PMID- 827814 TI - [Current problems of parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 827815 TI - The value of quantitative protein electrophoresis. AB - Study of serum protein fractions separated by electrophoresis shows variation in subjects of different sex and race. Interpretation of results by clinicians is often difficult since the bands are composed of several different proteins, each responding to different physiological stimuli. Important information can be gained by examining the electrophoretogram and the qualitative appearance of the bands. This should be communicated to the clinician and, depending on the clinical and qualitative electrophoretic findings, an analysis of certain specific proteins should be performed. PMID- 827816 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of calcification in the kidneys and the adrenal glands of rats and baboons fed a nephrocalcinogenic diet. AB - Long-term feeding experiments were conducted with young rats and young baboons (Papio ursinus). The effects of wxperimental diets, unbalanced in respect of magnesium and phosphorus, on the structural and ultrastructural appearance of the kidneys and the adrenals, were compared with those of a control diet. It was found, firstly, that in both species feeding of the unbalanced diets resulted in the formation of calcified structures in the kidneys and, secondly, that the formation of calcified structures in the kidneys had been initiated in different ways in the two species, viz. in the rat in the tubular epithelial cells and in the baboon in invading globule leucocytes. Thirdly, in the baboons fed on the unbalanced diet, calcified structures were found in the endothelial cells of the sinusoids of the adrenal cortex, while no calcification was evident in the adrenals of the rats fed on the unbalanced diet. PMID- 827817 TI - [Thyreotropin and releasing hormone]. PMID- 827818 TI - [Effect of heating on the survival of swine fever virus in pasteurised canned ham from experimentally infected animals (author's transl)]. AB - Experimentally infected pigs were slaughtered during viraemia. The hams were prepared according to the industrial process and packed in tins with an average content of 5.6 kg. The tins were then heated in the course of which temperatures in the centre of the hams reached maximum values varying between 62.5 and 68.5 degrees C. Within 24 hours of heating the centre of the ham was homogenised and one of two piglets were inoculated with 40 to 80 ml of a 25 per cent suspension. Virus was recovered from one out of two hams prepared at 62.5 degrees C. Virus could not be isolated from four hams processed at a maximum of 65.5 degrees C and from two hams which were heated to a maximum of 66.0 degrees and 68.5 degrees C respectively. A heart temperature of 65 degrees C for 30 minutes proved to be sufficient to eliminate all virus in the ham. The preparation of the ham and the proportionally long preheating period are considered favourable circumstances for inactivating the virus. As the hams were taken from seriously diseases animals with high viraemic titres at the time of slaughter and were injected into susceptible pigs without storage, it may be taken for granted that manufacture at the normal temperature of about 67 degrees C or above offers a sufficient margin to exclude the possible entrance of swine fever virus with contaminated ham. Virus from the virulent strains Ald, Kansas and Brescia in heparinised blood was not completely inactivated during 30 minutes at 67.2 degrees C. PMID- 827819 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity tests (author's transl)]. AB - Sensitivity to antibacterial agents may be studied using quantitative dilution tests and qualitative diffusion tests. There is a strongly felt need for standardized testing methods. Currently, the so-called Bauer-Kirby method appears to be the most suitable test, also for use in veterinary medicine. When this technique is adopted, results are classifid as "sensitive", "resistant" and "showing diminished sensitivity". Interpretations are based on pharmacological, bacteriological and clinical criteria. In some situations, in vitro results have not been sufficiently tested in the field. This would appear to be particularly so in local conditions and treatment. PMID- 827820 TI - Experimental pulmonary emphysema in Syrian hamsters. AB - Syrian hamsters were exposed to the aerosol of a 5% solution of papain in the presence of cysteine and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid. Pulmonary emphysema in hamsters was observed after exposure to papain for two to three hours. There was no change with time in the severity of emphysema from the second through the fourth weeks after exposure to papain. Pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema was discussed in relation to proteolysis of glycosaminoglycan-protein complex. PMID- 827821 TI - Incidence and quantitation of pregnancy-associated globulin in the Japanese. AB - It has been pointed out that a serum protein specific for pregnancy (pregnancy associated globulin, PAG) appears in females near term and is maintained during some period after delivery. The incidence and quantitation of PAG in 120 pregnant females and normal subjects, 1,469 males and 355 females, were studied by double diffusion and single radial immunodiffusion methods. All the pregnant females were proved to have PAG. The incidence of PAG in normal males and in females over 16 years of age was 5.3% and 36.9%, respectively. In the females, the incidence of PAG tended to increase with aging; 63% over 31 years of age and 100% over 51 years. Quantitative analyses, which were expressed as a percentage of the pooled pregnant sera, showed that PAG OF pregnant sera ranged from 24 to 240 and that of normal sera from 1 to 33. PMID- 827822 TI - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine: its pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 827823 TI - The pharmacokinetic profile of pentachlorophenol in monkeys. PMID- 827824 TI - Studies of the transfer and distribution of [14C]polychlorinated biphenyls from maternal to fetal and suckling rats. PMID- 827825 TI - Distribution and biliary excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls in rats. PMID- 827826 TI - Pathway of testosterone biosynthesis in the testis of the marmoset Saguinus oedipus. AB - These studies were undertaken to determine the principal pathway of androgen biosynthesis by the testis of the marmoset Saguinus oedipus. Testicular fragments (25 mg) were incubated at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, containing pregnenolone-7-3H (3beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) or progesterone-7-3H. Duplicate fragments were incubated with each substrate for 30 min, one hr, three hr, or five hr, for a total of 16 separate incubations. Metabolites were separated by paper and thin-layer chromatography, with identity established by recrystallization to constant specific activities and 3H/14C ratios. Pregnenolone was readily metabolized to progesterone, 17alpha hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (4-androstene-3, 17-dione) and testosterone. Progesterone was converted to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was the predominant metabolite obtained from both substrates at one, three and five hrs of incubation. Neither 17alpha hydroxypregnenolone (3beta-17-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) nor dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one) was detected in the incubates. These data suggest a predominant delta4 pathway with accumulation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the testis of this primate specie. PMID- 827827 TI - Experimental retinal vein occlusion in the rhesus monkey. Radioactive microsphere and radioautographic studies [proceedings]. PMID- 827828 TI - Experimental retinal branch vein occlusion in the monkey. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies. AB - Light and electron microscopical studies of monkey retinae after experimental branch vein occlusion by argon laser reveal that the immediate reaction in the corresponding region is one of capillary engorgement and dilatation followed by oedema (intra- and extracellular), and plasma leakage as shown by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase. Vascular stasis is characterized by packing of erythrocytes in the capillary lumen, early thrombus formation, and focal haemorrhages. Progressive degenerative changes in the endothelium and pericytes are seen in specimens taken a few hours to a few days after occlusion; within 3 to 4 weeks many vessels in the occluded region are reduced to basement membrane "ghosts" and the lumen and the cellular lodges of some vessels are subsequently invaded by proliferating glia, thus producing permanent capillary closure. PMID- 827829 TI - The nature of "new retinal vessels". PMID- 827830 TI - Hyperviscosity retinopathy. A scientific approach to therapy. PMID- 827831 TI - The prevalence of scrub typhus antibodies in residents of West Malaysia. AB - Based on the prevalence of antibody, an estimated 3% of the population of rural Malaysia is infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi each year, resulting in positive antibody rates in focal areas of 6 to 69%. Most of these infections do not appear to produce clinical scrub typhus. A wide range of seropositivity rates was found in areas otherwise resembling each other in predominant occupation, terrain, and nearby habitat. The prevalence rates however were significantly higher in people who worked in forested areas and significantly lower in people with urban occupations. PMID- 827832 TI - Complement components in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Complement components of C1-C9 were estimated in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. The diagnosis of kwashiorkor and marasmus were based on clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and on biochemical estimations. The children were examined clinically and bacteriologically for any evidence of infection. All the complement components except C4 and C5 were significantly lower in children with protein-calorie malnutrition: of all the complement components C3 and C9 were the most severely depressed. C5 was the only complement component that was significantly higher in malnourished children than in normal children. Malnourished children with C-reactive protein in their serum had significantly lower values of C3 and C9 and higher values of C5 than malnourished children without C-reactive protein in their serum. During refeeding C3 was the first complement to show a significant rise. This was followed by C9. There was a fall in C5 concentration while there was no change in C4 concentration. The roles of infection, malnutrition and C-reactive protein on complement depletion are discussed. PMID- 827833 TI - [Unusual structures of Pseudomonas vignae bacteria]. PMID- 827834 TI - [Effect of calcium ions on sorption of phthalocyanin dye by membranes of individual nerve fibers]. AB - The binding of vital anionic phthalocyanine dye Heliogen blue K (HBK) by crab axons has been studied cytophotometrically. HBK koes not penetrate the cell but stains membranes selectively. The removal of Ca-ions from the surrounding artificial sea water (a.s.w.) leads to an obvious desorption of an ion-bound fraction of HBK from the fibre, provided the removal of Ca-ions from a.s.w. is combinded with slight hypotonia or with addition of EDTA. The hypotonia, which has no effect on sorption, causes swelling of fibres facilitating the removal of Ca-ions from membrane, i.e. the effect similar to that of EDTA. In the Ca-ions devoid hypotonic solution, the decrease of sorbed dye makes up 1.4% per minute of the initial concentration, and in the hypotonic solution with EDTA - this decrease reaches 0.95%. It is suggested that the withdrawal of Ca-ions from the membrane results in conformational changes of the membrane protein component. These changes are expressed as redistribution of changes, detected with the aid of the HBK anion. PMID- 827835 TI - [Structural changes in the marker chromosome of rhesus macaques subjected to irradiation]. AB - Using 48 Macaca rhesus undergone acute single does and prolonged small dose daily irradiation, a long-term preservation of reconstructions in the pair of marker nucleolus-forming chromosomes has been shown. The animals were examined in different periods from irradiation, ranging from 3 months to 16.5 years. The frequency of retained reconstructions in the long arms of chromosomes was reliably above the frequency of alterations in the short arms. Reconstructions in the long arms of the marker chromosome were seen in the heterochromatin area after differential chromosome staining. Alterations in the functionally active area of the short arms of the marker chromosome retained extremely rarely being observed only in monkeys that survived through long-term small-dose irradiation. PMID- 827836 TI - Bactericidal activity in vitro and in the guinea-pig of isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. AB - Serial viable counts on Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed in vitro to isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol in Tween-albumin liquid medium showed no bactericidal synergism between isoniazid and rifampicin and no influence of ethambutol on the bactericidal activity of isoniazid or isoniazid plus rifampicin. Guinea-pigs with moderately advanced experimental tuberculosis were treated fro 11 weeks with either (1) ethambutol, (2) isoniazid, (3) isoniazid plus ethambutol, (4) isoniazid plus rifampicin, (5) isonaiazid plus rifampic in plus ethambutol, or (6) no chemotherapy. The amount of tuberculous disease was scored and the spleen cultured in groups killed at intervals from 0--7 1/2 months after the end of chemotherapy. The regimens containing rifampicin were no more bactericidal during treatment than the corresponding regimens without rifampicin, but the onset of relapse after chemotherapy was delayed for at least 2 months following the rifampicin-containing regimens. Ethambutol alone did not protect guinea-pigs, nor did it influence the response to isoniazid or to isoniazid plus rifampicin. It was concluded that rifampicin may act selectively on a small proportion of the bacterial population and that it may be unnecessary to prescribe it for long periods in short course chemotherapy in man. Ethambutol does not appear likely to contribute to the sterilizing activity of short course regimens though it may prevent the emergence of drug resistance. PMID- 827837 TI - Transmission of tubercle bacilli: The effects of chemotherapy. AB - The important differences in the infectivity of the various forms of tuberculosis can be explained by quantitative data concerning the behaviour of the tubercle bacillus in man and the number of bacilli in the lesions and sputum. Patients in whom tubercle bacilli can be detected by direct examination of the sputum smear are the main sources of transmission. Moreover the individuals infected by them break down more often with the disease. In the individual patient, the use of antibacterial drugs completely changes the natural history of the disease: not only do patients no longer die but they are cured; their period of infectivity is considerably reduced, relapses are avoided, chronicity disappears. The drugs used prophylactically in individuals of high risk groups prevent development of the disease. The impact of chemotherapy is reflected by a two-to-three-fold increase in the speed of decline of the risk of infection, a decline which had started before the introduction of the drugs. While patients given the right combination of drugs lose their infectivity in a few weeks (probably most often in less than two weeks), treatment must of course be continued much longer and regularly in order to ensure the maintenance of conversion and the absence of relapse. This stresses the importance of providing means to ensure the taking of the drugs by all patients. The future reduction of transmission will essentially depend on the maintenance of an adequate system ensuring the early diagnosis and correct treatment of cases, which will inevitably continue to appear among the already infected portion of the population. Epidemiological surveillance is mandatory as well as the surveillance of the delivery of services, particularly of the quality of diagnosis and therapeutic services. The roles of public health authorities and perhaps still more that of the practising physician, specialized and not specialized, remain considerable both from an epidemiological point of view and from the point of view of the relief of all the suffering still created by the disease. PMID- 827838 TI - Factors influencing the early plasma disappearance rate and liver uptake of thyroxine. AB - The early disappearance from plasma (T 1/2) of i.v. administered thyroxine (T4) labelled with 131I was studied in order to find a simple biochemical parameter with which it could be correlated in health and disease. The radioactivity of the liver was also measured by surface counting to determine the time for the peak liver count rate. The T 1/2 for the 131I-T4 showed a correlation of borderline significance with T4 in plasma but a good correlation was found with T4-binding globulin (TBG) in plasma and an even better with the T3-test. The T3-test showed a significant correlation with TBG but when the T4-binding capacity of prealbumin (TBPA) was taken into account the correlation was even better indicating that the result of the T3-test was not only dependent on the TBG concentration in plasma but also on the TBPA. The T 1/2 correlated best with the time for the liver peak count rate. The study supports the hypothesis that in the early distribution phase of T4, the free binding sites extracellularly and the available intracellular binding locations compete for T4 until a state of equilibrium is reached. PMID- 827839 TI - Production of specific antibody to purified prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Prostatic acid phosphatase may well be a prime antigenic protein in prostatic tissue and fluid. Extraction of the enzyme in highly purified form from prostatic fluid and benign hypertrophic prostatic tissue provides a unique antigen capable of inducing a prompt and specific antibody response in the goat and rabbit as amnifested by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunofluorescence techniques. In prostatic cancer patients with elevated serum acid phosphatase levels it is possible to detect humoral circulating PAP antigen by standard immunoelectrophoretic methods and to confirm the existence of the enzyme by radioautography, L-tartrate inhibition, and the Gomori or Burstone staining procedures. Preliminary indirect prostatic immunofluorescence studies consistently demonstrated characteristic fluorescent foci in the paranuclear areas of benign prostatic epithelial cells, the presumed area of synthesis of prostatic acid phosphatase. Consideration has been given to the possibility of the development of a radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphataase utilizing a heterolologous antiserum to the enzyme extracted from human prostatic fluid. PMID- 827841 TI - [Microflora of trophic ulcers]. PMID- 827840 TI - [Technic for performing biliodigestive anastomoses in cancer of the pancreas and periampullar region]. AB - Palliative treatment was employed in 183 patients with cancer of the pancreas and periampullary zone. In most of them the decompression of bile passages was accomplished by means of cholecystogastroanastomosis. The authors have modified the routinely used technic of cholecystogastrostomy. The latter procedure was supplemented by external draining of bile passages by means of a controlled transnasal drainage tube. The technic concerned seems to be recommended for constructing biliodigestive anastomoses in cancer of this region due to relative satisfactory indices of the postoperative mortality (15+/-6%). PMID- 827842 TI - Serological response of cattle in Kenya vaccinated with a killed B abortus strain 45/20 adjuvant vaccine. AB - The non agglutinogenic character of the 45/20 vaccine has been evaluated under Kenyan conditions in East African Boran and Jersey cattle. Observations are also recorded on the use of the vaccine in cattle with a prior history of strain 19 vaccination and in an infected herd. The problem of persistant reactors is discussed. PMID- 827843 TI - [Results of a study of the blood sera of intact and foot-and-mouth-disease-immune animals in the diffusion precipitation reaction with Via-antigen]. PMID- 827844 TI - [Ixodid resistance to organophosphates and carbamates]. PMID- 827845 TI - [Problems in obtaining antiserum to staphylococcal enterotoxin D]. AB - Experimentally were demonstrated the difficulties overcome and the possibilities of producing a Staphylococcus-enterotoxin D antiserum of a 1:80 titer. The product was shown to be suitable for work as well as for further studies. Given are the schemes of immunizing a rabbit serving as a serum producer and those for purifying the antiserum (eliminating heterologous antibodies), its titration with a microimmunodiffusion test, etc. In this connection some problems are referred to concerning the production of the amounts necessary of enterotoxin D, its purification and toxicity for test animals, etc., that are successfully solved by the authors. PMID- 827846 TI - [Extent and intensity of invasion and localization of macroscopically visible sarcocysts in the carcasses of slaughtered sheep]. AB - Studied were with a naked eye a total of 8185 carcasses of adult sheep and weaned lambs slaughtered at the abattoirs of Bourgas and Yambol at the age of one year as well as 1783 heads, 1054 hearts, and 468 gullets of weaned lambs for the presence of macroscopically seen sarcocysts. The animals originated from more than 50 communities in the districts of Bourgas and Yambol. The parasite burden was investigated in 1291 sheep carcasses (without heads and viscera). The percent of animals infected with sarcocysts was found to be 95.75 (carcasses) and 63.10 (heads). N cysts were established in the heart muscle. 56.98 per cent of the sheep carcasses were infected with one to 10 cysts, 36.55 per cent - with 11 to 50 cysts, 4.86 per cent - with 51 to 100, 1.17 per cent - with 101 to 200 cysts, and 0.16 per cent - with more than 200 cysts. It was found that the greater part of the sheep carcasses presented sarcocysts both on the outer and on the inner (abdomen and thorax) surface. The parasite burden was more substantial inside the carcasses. Cysts were likewise observed throughout the carcasses, showing no strict localization. Weaned lambs slaughtered at the age of up to one year presented no sarcocysts seen with a naked eye. The necessity is stressed of more strict regulations of meat inspection, resp., hygiene evaluation of carcasses with view establishing sarcosporidia. PMID- 827847 TI - [DL-metioninut pri khraneneto na laktirashchi kravi]. AB - Triais with a total of 240 cows were carried out. The animals were given 30 g DL methionine each per day. Results showed that the infusoria count per one cu.cm of rumen content in lactating cows that had been given methionine at the rate of 30 g daily was 137013, while in the control animals it was 76431. The amount of lipid matter rose by 0.4 per cent in the controls in the course of the first 90 days of the lactation period. The milk yield of cows that received methionine also rose by 16 per cent, on an average, as calculated in terms of 4 per cent butterfat content for 24-hour period up to the third month of lactation. DL methinionine in the diet of cows for the first months of lactation leads to grater amounts of milk of higher quality as well as to improving the health of the animals. PMID- 827848 TI - [Chemical and immunologic study of the bacterial wall of Brucella abortus 99]. AB - The investigations were carried out through the CFT serologic activity of some of the Brucella abortus 99 cell components. It was found that only 0.6 per cent of the weight of the bacterial walls could be extracted by means of physiologic saline. The extracts proved to be serologically active and specific for these Brucella organisms only. The wall of Brucella abortus 99 and its peptidoglucan were shown to be rich in lysine, leucine, glitamic acid, and valine, and poor in methionine, histidine, treonine, and, generally, in sulfur-containing amino acids. The presence of higher content of lysine and glutamic acid explained the higher resistance of the bacterial walls of Brucella abortus 99 as compared to that of M. Lysodiecticus. The wall of Br. abortus 99 contains high amounts of phosphatidil acids - 16.4 per cent of the total amount of lipids. The biologic importance of the results obtained is briefly discussed. PMID- 827849 TI - The fine structure of the normal, resting terminal ductal-lobular unit of the female breast. AB - The fine structure of the terminal ductal-lobular unit (TDLU) of the normal, resting female breast is described. Tissue used conformed to strict criteria for normal. 4 distinct cell types, were observed, epithelium, myoepithelium, macrophages and lymphocytes. A gradation in structure, especially of myoepithelium, was found between the ductule tip and intralobular duct, apparently reflecting the age and function of each region. Cilia originating from the myoepithelial cells are possibly sensory in function. Epithelial vesicular inclusions may represent minimal secretory activity, transport of material across the cell, or be lysosomal in nature. The capillaries in close contact with the delimiting fibroblasts of the epithelial-stromal junction (ESJ) are described and the zone designated the capillary-fibroblast junction (CFJ). The CFJ is conceived as a regulatory unit similar to the ESJ, and may contribute to dysplasia due to biochemical or functional alterations, or to disruption of the microvascular geometry. PMID- 827850 TI - Synovial deposit of osmic acid after intra-articular injection. Anatomical and radiologic study of a case. AB - An anatomical and radiologic study of a synovial autopsy specimen 32 months after an intra-articular injection of osmic acid for the local treatment of a rheumatoid synovitis. Osmium deposits are seen within peripheral cells of a fat lobule and also in a few histiocytes of the scar tissue which replaced the rheumatoid synovitis. These osmium deposits in the fat cells are present in a sufficient quantity to give a radiologic opacity. PMID- 827852 TI - Diminished content of enterochromaffin cells in the rectal mucosa of an infant. AB - This report deals with an extremely small number of enterochromaffin cells in the rectum of a newborn male. This finding occurred only in 200 biopsies. The correlations to connatal disturbances of the motility of the intestine in the newborn are discussed. The frequency of this alterations seems to be comparable with other disturbances of cells of the neural crest, as for example pigment anomalies. Although further biochemical investigations could not be carried out because of technical difficulties, the case seems to be worth publishing for theoretical and practical reasons and in view of the possibility of special treatment. PMID- 827851 TI - Lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia. AB - A case of lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia is presented. The clinical features were characterized by multiple cystic changes of the bones and progressive psychomotor retardation. Although the diagnosis of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone was made first because of expanded tumorlike lesions in bones, pathology of bone and bone marrow confirmed the diagnosis of lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia. Light microscopy showed a great number of peculiar undulating membranous structures in the adipose tissue. With the electron microscope the membrane seemed to be composed of an accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum-like tubular profiles. They appear first, in close connection with fat droplets, within the mesenchymal cell. PMID- 827854 TI - [N.N. Petrov--founder of experimental study of carcinogenesis in primates]. AB - In his personal recollections the author described N.N. Petrov's stay and investigations conducted in the monkey nursery of Medico-Biological Station of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in Sukhumi, the priority of N.N. Petrov and his collaborators, who first induced malignant tumors in monkeys, being emphasized. The studies carried out further in this laboratory are reported, which by means of different carcinogenic agents enabled the researchers to obtain a number of tumors of various localization and morphological structure in Primates. PMID- 827853 TI - [Endolymphatic chemotherapy of cervix neoplasms]. AB - In the gynecological department of Rostov Oncological Institute endolymphatic polychemotherapy with a preliminary determination of tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy was employed in 54 patients with cervical cancer, 3 of them in stage III and IV having contraindications to radiotherapy. A combination of chemical substances and the dosage of single administration were as follows: thio-TEPA- 100--150 mg + methotrexate 75--100 mg; thio-TEPA--100--150 mg + 5-fluoruracil- 1000 mg; cyclophosphane--2000 mg + methotrexate--75--100 mg; cyclophosphane--1600 mg + methotrexate--75--100 mg + 5-fluoruracil--750 mg. Lymphoinfusion was made in the lower extremity, and after 7--10 days it was repeated in the second one. Visual disappearance of the tumor was noted in 17 patients, lessening of the tumor size by two-thirds--in 16, a 1/2 decrease--in 20. Among 23 patients in stage III after the treatment parametrial infiltrations disappeared entirely in 11 cases and only in pelvic walls--in 12. In 40 cases an extensive extirpation of the uterus with adnexa was performed. In all cases degenerative changes in tumor tissues were observed, whereas in 7 cases no tumor cells were found. PMID- 827855 TI - [Chemotherapy of reactive exudative pleurisy in breast carcinoma]. AB - An analysis is carried out and the results from the treatment of 84 patients with metastasized mammary gland carcinoma and reactive exudative pleurisy are reported. Monochemiotherapy is applied in 61 patients (73%), mainly with cyclphosphamide and combined (poly) chemiotherapy in 23 patients (27%). A favourable effect on the exudative pluerisy is established in 75 per cent of all the patients treated: in 77 per cent of the treated with monochemiotherapy and 70 per cent of the treated with combined (poly) chemiotherapy. Favourable effect on exudative pleurisy was observed in 80 per cent of the patients treated with cyclophosphamide and complete exudation resorption was achieved in 2/3 of them. PMID- 827857 TI - Parasitic Ciliata at the Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., Hypophthalmichthys molitrix val. and Aristichthys nobilis Rich. in ponds. PMID- 827856 TI - [Clinical possibilities of a method for the simultaneous determination of the GFR and the ERBF using a "cocktail" of 169 EDTA and 125I-hippuran]. AB - The results are discussed obtained from 198 patients with the two most frequently met kidney diseases--chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, with a total of 396 renal clearance tests. In 65.7 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis decreased values of blomerular filtration (GF) and the renal flow effect (RFE) were established, with a parallel decrease in both clearances in 56.5 per cent and isolated disturbances of GF in 31.9 per cent and of RFE in 11.6 per cent. In the patients with chronic pyelonephritis a parallel decrease of GF AND RFE was found in 66.7 per cent and isolated disturbances of GF in 13.6 per cent and RFE--in 19.7 per cent. The high percentage of parallelly decreased GF and RFE reveals the sensitivity of the method in the diagnosis of early renal functional alterations while the application of only one of the clearances might not detect the existing alterations. The results from the carried out comparative investigations between the isotope clearances and isotope nephrography with 131I- hippuran are also reportentage of the depuration radioisotope tests as compared with ING in the detection of early renal functional laterations. Radiation risk is rendered to a minimum with the use of the "cocktail" of 169U-EDTA and 125I hippuran. PMID- 827859 TI - New trends and approaches in the delivery of maternal and child care in health services. Sixth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Maternal and Child Health. PMID- 827858 TI - [The effect of dipropyl acetic acid (Convules) in epileptic adults with a high frequency of seizures]. AB - The anti-convulsive action of dipropyl acetic acid (Convulex) was tested in 21 patients with grandmal seizures (GM) and/or temporal lobe attacks (TL), or with Jacksonian epilepsy. Patients were chosen according to a negative selection system. Results showed that in GM and TL seizures, Convulex constitutes an important addition to the battery of anticonvulsives available today. Action was more potent in GM than in TL attacks. Toxic effects are slight. Treatment had to be discontinued in two patients -- once because of cerebellar symptoms and once because of crowded incidence of seizures. In two cases the patients gained weight. Occasional gastrointestinal complaints disappeared when antacids were administered. No changes were observed with reference to blood count, or to hepatic or renal function. Fatigue set in only when treatment was combined with barbiturates and disappeared again when pre-medication was reduced. Five patients showed an improved state of mind (activation and better communication with others); this psychological action may be considered an additional advantage. Since the action of barbiturates and hydantoins is potentiated by Convulex, pre medication may be reduced --provided Convulex therapy alone does not seem adequate. Hence, trial treatment with Convulex may also be recommended in those patients who are successfully controlled with barbiturates and hydantoins,but whose daily work schedule is impaired due to fatigue. PMID- 827860 TI - [Effective agents against Pseudomonas pyocyanea (proceedings)]. PMID- 827861 TI - Suspected Sarcocystis infections of the bovine placenta and foetus. AB - Protozoan parasites resembling Sarcocystis schizonts were found in the brains of 2 bovine foetuses and the placentas of another 4. As typical of Sarcocystis, the organisms were located mainly within vascular endothelial cells, and frequently the zoites within the schizonts were arranged in a rosette or palisade fashion. Pathological changes noted were placentitis, myocarditis, pulmonary vasculitis and encephalitis. Attempts to demonstrate Toxoplasma by animal inoculation and serology were unsuccessful. PMID- 827862 TI - [Contributions to the life-cycle of Frenkelia. II. The asexual development of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis in the bank vole (author's transl)]. AB - A description of the asexual development of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis in the European bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is given as observed in experimental infections with sporocysts from buzzards' faeces. Between the 5th and the 8th day following the oral administration of sporocysts a first schizogony could be observed in liver parenchymal cells of the mammalian host. In impression smears the banana-shaped merozoites measured on an average 7.6 X 2.2 mum. Only after the 18th day were small round cysts filled with metrocytes detected in the brain and spinal cord. During the first month after infection the cysts increased their size only gradually measuring 15 to 40 mum. After 2 months they accelerated their growth and reached in the course of 3-4 months a diameter of 300 to 400 mum. Cyst formation could not be observed in organs other than the central nervous system. Cysts older than half a year frequently showed central degeneration, but in all cases viable cystozoites persisted in the peripheral zones. The infection could be transmitted from vole to vole by intraperitoneal injection of merozoites in a suspension of liver cells from the 7th day p.i. Congential infections did not occur in the offspring of mothers infected during or before pregnancy. The infectivity of the final products of the sexual development in the buzzard is limited to the bank vole. PMID- 827863 TI - [Study of the level dynamics of class I, A and M immunoglobulins in experimental syphilis in rabbits]. PMID- 827864 TI - [Formation of an alimentary motor conditioned reflex to photic stimulation in young rhesus monkeys]. AB - It is possible to form a positive motor alimentary conditioned reflex to red colour and a negative conditioned reflex (differentiation) to green, in the young of rhesus monkeys, four-to six-week old, which testifies to their capacity of differentiating these colour stimuli. The orienting reflex takes an active part in the formation of both reflexes. Elaboration in the four-week old monkeys not only of a positive but also a differentiating motor alimentary conditioned reflex attests that at this age the cerebral cortex is already actively exercising the function of an integrator of inhibitory processes, not only of excitation. PMID- 827866 TI - Electrocardiographic analysis of orthostatic reactions in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 827865 TI - [Ossification of the iliolumbal ligament]. PMID- 827867 TI - The stimulatory effect of kojic acid on the production of aflatoxin by isolates of Aspergillus flavus Link. AB - Kojic acid at the levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0% (w/v) was incorporated in the growth media of Aspergillus flavus. In the presence of 0.01% of kojic acid, isolates I, II, and III produced 157, 113, and 135% aflatoxin, respectively, as compared to the control. At the highest level of kojic acid, i.e. 1%, aflatoxin production was inhibited to 74% in isolate I, but was little affected in isolate II (104%) and strongly inhibited in isolate III (54%). Kojic acid, at a concentration of 0.1%, was still stimulatory to isolate II, while it was inhibitory to isolates I and III. The dry weight of mycelia of the three isolates was not affected by kojic acid addition. PMID- 827868 TI - Toxicity of Aspergillus flavus cultures isolated from Egypt. AB - Aflatoxin produced by 61.14% of the Aspergillus flavus cultures, isolated from Egypt. A wide potential range for aflatoxins B and G groups was obvious among the isolates. The concentration of aflatoxin B, produced by toxigenic cultures, ranged from 1,500 to 81,000 p.p.b. (mug/kg substrate), corresponding to 1,900 to 184,000 p.p.b. for aflatoxin G. However, 7.59% of the isolates produced more than 50,000 p.p.b. of aflatoxins B + G. PMID- 827869 TI - Characterization and microbiological evaluation of the red compounds, associated with red rot idsease of sugar cane. AB - The red coloured compounds, isolated from sugar cane tissues infected with red rot, were phenolic and included a mixture of flavonoid compounds. Two of these compounds were purified and partially characterized. Neither the mixture of the coloured compounds nor any of its individual compounds exhibited in vitro activity against the causal organism Physalospora tucumanensis. One of the purified compounds showed in vitro activity against Bacillus subtilis. The role of the red coloured compounds in the mechanism of disease resistance is discussed. PMID- 827870 TI - [Aspergillus flavus Link -- a new parasite on Tetralonia lanuginosa Klug]. AB - The wild type bee Tetralonia lanuginosa, that plays an important role in fertilization of Vicia faba in Egypt, is often attacked by Aspergillus flavus strains. This infection causes up to 50 per cent decay of the bee nymphs and/or pupae. PMID- 827871 TI - [Ultrastructure of Spirulina in comparison with Oscillatoria]. AB - The following filamentous blue-green algae: S. platensis, S. platensis f. minor and S. princeps were observed under electronmicroscope and were compared with two species of the related genera Oscillatoria: O. rubescens and O. chalybea. From our research it was resulted that Spirulina is characterized by a more dense cellular content and by a more wide thylakoid system. The protoplasm shows various types of inclusions: polyglucan granules, lipid droplets, eyanophycin granules, polyhedral bodies, polyphosphate granules and gas vacuoles. In addition Sprulina presents few aggregated membranes with non photosynthetic character and therefore can be compared with ""Memosome'' of bacteria. Spirulina contains more polyhedral bodies and cyanophycin granules and more proteins than Oscillatoria. PMID- 827872 TI - Bactericidal effect of acrylic acid esters. AB - The antibacterial effect of p-Cl, p-Br, p-CH3, O-NO2, M-NO2, and p-NO2 substitutions of dimethylaminoethyl-alpha-phenyl-cinnamate on Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, and Escherichia coli was studied. The compounds were found to be more active against B. subtilis and S. lutea than against E. coli. The NO2 group in the para position was found to have the highest activity compared with the meta and ortho positions. PMID- 827873 TI - [Transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans into the liver of diabetic dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated islets of Langerhans were transplanted through the portal vein in the liver of 8 diabetic dogs; In 4 dogs a homologous transplantation was performed and another group of four dogs received isolated islets from their sisters or brothers. In both groups, there was an immediate effect on the blood glucose level. After pancreatectomy and injection of Alloxan the blood glucose rose to between 350 and 420 mg per 100 ml and after islet implantation the blood glucose decreased between 80 to 160 mg per 100 ml. The iv GTT'S were after islet implantation clear better than in the diabetic control animals. These results could maintained in the recipients with homologues islets over a period of 6 to 8 weeks and in the other group of dogs over a period of 6 to 12 months. We were able to show, that the islet implantation in the liver of diabetic dogs did not disturb the microscopic architecture of the liver. No signs of portal hypertension, hepatic congestion and embolism were found. PMID- 827875 TI - [Action of chemotherapeutics upon Neisseria meningitidis (author's transl)]. AB - During the period 1970-1973 (1st half), 281 strains of Neisseria meningitidis from carriers and 35 from patients were tested for their sensitivity to a wide spectrum of chemotherapeutics. From the results of the tests for sensitivity in vitro, the conclusion is drawn that ampicillin, carbenicillin, and rifamycin SV may be considered as having a good action upon Neisseria meningitidis. The preparations of intermediate efficacy include penicillin, cephaloridine, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclin. As to sulphonamides, the presence of resistant strains was established. This phenomenon was rare when sulphonamide had been combined with trimetoprim. PMID- 827876 TI - Partial purification of Streptococcus faecalis chain disrupting system by gel filtration. AB - Short-chain-forming Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes (group D) has been found to elaborate an extracellular system, which in crude form and after fractionation with 75% saturated ammonium sulphate and on gel filtration on G-75 Sephadex has been shown to split the long chains of the atypical strain NCTC 2400 of the same species. The Gram staining reveals random sites of the lytic activity in the chains indicated by the presence of Gram-negative lysing cocci within a single chain. PMID- 827874 TI - [Littre's hernia]. PMID- 827877 TI - [Light and electron microscope studies on two types of giant schizonts (globidial schizonts) in the abomasum of sheep (author's transl)]. AB - 25 sheep were investigated for globidial schizont infection in the abomasum. Two types of giant schizonts, which had a diameter of about 250 mum up to 500 mum, were observed. Each type was found to contain morphologically different parasites. In type 1 the parasites were ovoid with a length of about 4 mum and had 24 subpellicular microtubules, whereas in type 2 the parasites were spindle shaped, measured about 6 mum in length and had only 22 subpellicular microtubules. Both types of parasites, however, were characterized by a 1.5-2 mum large vacuole, which was always situated anterior to the nucleus. Thus the parasites observed here differed from the fine structure of the merozoites of the Eimeria and Sarcocystis species. At the earliest stage observed in the development of the parasites the schizont cytoplasm was subdivided into many spheroidal blastophores, which were still present in old stages. The interior of the blastophores is filled with many nuclei resulting from repeated divisions, whereby they pass through three different shapes. Independently from the nuclear divisions the anlagen of the daughter cells appeared within the blastophores. First these anlagen consist of a conoid and a concentric ring of short microtubules (22 or 24). Up to 8 anlagen were seen close to each other. As development proceeds, the blastophore membrane is elevated into a cone-shaped projection which later elongated into a finger-like bud. This bud, the developing parasite, contained the primordia of the rhoptries, the newly formed inner membranes of the pellicle and a nucleus. In a late stage of development the parasites were completely formed except for an attachment of their posterior ends to the remains of the blastophore. Thus nuclear divisions and daughter cell formation are two different phases in the species studied here, whereas in the endodyogeny of sarcosphoridia these both processes are closely connected. In light microscopy the globidial schizonts from the abomasum of sheep seemed to be covered by a thick, two-layered cyst wall. By means of electron microscopy it was shown, that the inner layer is identical with the host-cell cytoplasm enclosing utricle-like a giant parasitophorous vacuole. The outer surface of the host cell had numerous, up to 14 mum long microvilli. These microvilli and numerous macrophages scattered between formed evidently the outer layer seen in light microscopy. The host cell itself was filled with numerous bundles of fibrillar origin, long rows of vacuoles and mitochondria and made a very dense impression. The inner surface of the host cell formed numerous intravacuolar tubules of about 50 nm in diameter and about 4 mum in length. Summarizing it was found that the globidial schizonts differed clearly from the cysts of sarcosporidia. The thickness of the limiting system, however, may probably retain the parasites longer than usual in the genus Eimeria. Finally these globidial schizonts from the abomasum of sheep were compared to those from the small intestine. PMID- 827878 TI - Contributions to further sero-variants of Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The authors report on the isolation of 13 Listeria monocytogenes strains of healthy human subjects which, within serogroup 4, contain at least four variants of known Listeria antigens, but wound not fit into the grouping system that has been in use. PMID- 827879 TI - [Experience with Neisseria lactamica (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have performed a detailed study of the presence of a new microbial species, Neisseria lactamica which even recently had still been classified among the nontypable Neisseria meningitidis strains. An examination of the spread of Neisseria strains among the healthy population of this country revealed 1.6% to be carriers of Neisseria lactamica as compared with 4.7% being carriers of Neisseria meningitidis. From the material examined, the highest number of Neisseria lactamica carriers was found among the 0-1 year age group (5.9%) whereas the maximum number of Neisseria meningitidis carriers was found in the 25 34 year age group (11.1%). The simultaneous identification of N. meningitidis and N. lactamica in exceptional cases means a new and important observation. PMID- 827880 TI - [Contemporary animal nutrition and its potential hazards to human health (author's transl)]. AB - The growing challenge to secure wholesome food of animal origin in quantities sufficient to feed the ever increasing world population leads to the compelling need of search for new means to enhance animal production. Such an endeavor often involves the use of pharmacologically active agents. As new substances are continuously introduced into agriculture, the necessity clearly arises to reassess the requirements for the approval of compounds likely to appear in the food of man via the edible tissues of animals. Since a number of animal drugs and feed additives have been recently found to show carcinogenic potency, using examples from their own research, the authors discuss problems encountered while planning animal studies for the safety evaluation of chemicals. Among the most important factors to be reckoned with is the metabolism of the test substance. Most carcinogens require metabolic transformation in order to react with macromolecules and, thus, exert their biological action. Similarly, residues of many drugs in animal tissues appear to be various metabolites rather than the parent compounds themselves. At present, it is not known whether many chemical residues are simply stored in different compartments of the carcass as a result of their physico-chemical properties or whether they are covalently bound to vital macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids). Hence, their biological significance is not quite clear. The enzyme system which metabolizes numerous drugs, pesticides, as well as other endogenous and exogenous substrates is responsible for both the activation and detoxification of carcinogenic chemicals. The delicate balance between these two processes of opposing toxicological consequence is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Depending upon the metabolic profile of chemicals, certain compounds are carcinogenic in one animal species while not in others. The manipulation of their metabolism by physiological (e.g., stress) or pharmacological (e.g., inducers or inhibitors of microsomal enzymes) means can result in a profound change of various biological actions of chemicals (e.g., cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity). To ascertain that potential toxicological hazards to human health by animal drugs and feed additives will be recognized during the phase of testing, appropriate test animals have to be selected with great care. It is indispensible that the metabolic break-down of the investigational substance proceeds via similar pathways in both test animals and the target species. This will assure that the same metabolites which, in the form of residues in food, man might be exposed to will have ample opportunity to exert their possible adverse effects to the experimental animals during a life-long feeding of the test substance. Therefore, it can, with a reasonable certainty, be assumed that, in experiments performed under such precautionary measures, toxico-pharmacological properties relevant to human safety evaluation will not remain undetected. PMID- 827881 TI - [Elder people in institutions - Problems concerning health and hygiene (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of our earlier studies on the hygienic, health and social situation of old people living in their own flats, we investigated the conditions in all 12 larger old people's homes of a big city in the Rhine-Main area, as well as 100 selected subjects of a defined socio-economic group within these homes. We checked the existence of pathogenic germs and the total number of germs on a total of 247 air culture plates in as many rooms and 669 impression preparations; additionally, we evaluated 35 examinations of members of the staff. We classified our findings according to the following typical areas: flats, recreation rooms, corridors, bathrooms, toilets, tea kitchens and main kitchens as well as washing and ironing rooms. - In all the homes we found with a single exception up to eight samples with Staphyl. aureus and, occasionally, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and other pathogens. A typical localisation for these groups was not found. In contrast, a clear "graduation" was found to exist with respect to the average figures of the colony size, with the kitchens and laundries revealing the best figures, the living and social rooms - these usually less frequently used - intermediate, and bathrooms, toilets and corridors, and especially the tea kitchens, the most unfavourable figures. In view of the disinfection measures which are often of a merely symbolic nature, carried out in old people's homes, our figures emphasize the necessity for intensive education and counselling. As regards personal hygiene and cleanliness, formerly acquired habits and patterns of behaviour were influenced by the home only insofar as help and surveillance eliminate all gross forms of deficient care. The establishment of clinical findings and the detailed questioning on anamnestic and social problems confirmed the significance of the multimorbidity and the degree of seriousness of the diseases to which the occupants of old people's homes are exposed despite good medical and nursing care. PMID- 827882 TI - [Comparative electron-microscopic study of 8 representatives of the genus Corynebacterium grown on solid nutrient medium during the stationary phase of development]. AB - After 18 hours of growth on selective serum-agar medium C diphtheriae cultures with different toxicogenic activity, and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's baccillus cultures were removed, washed of the remnants of the nutrient medium and fixed under cold conditions by two combined methods (with glutaric aldehyde osmic acid--uranyl acetate, and potassium permeanganate--uranyl acetate). The preparations were studied in ultrathin sections. It appeared that corynebacteria had during the stationary phase of development a general structural plan characteristic of Gram positive microorganisms and for all the corynebacterium genus. Cells of diphtheria toxicognic strains had signs of the accelerated (in comparison with other strains) rate of development; the principal mass of toxicogenic cells after 18 hours of growth had morphological signs of the stage of rest. The majority of cells whose toxicogenicity was inconstant had an extensive microcapsule which was also a characteristic element of the diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus ultrastructure. The total thickness of the walls in the cells of toxicogenic strains and of the strains whose toxicogenicity was inconstant constituted 190-200 A; in nontoxicogenic strains, diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus it was from 230 to 320 A. Surface structures of corynebacteria were differentiated better in the cells with toxicogenic activity. In the majority of cells of nontoxicogenic strains and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus individual wall layers were differentiated with difficulty. PMID- 827883 TI - [Serotyping strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - A total of 552 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained in 1970-1975 from different hospitals; the strains were isolated from various sources. Serotyping of these cultures was carried out with the aid of a set of agglutinating sera (20 in all) prepared by the author, and 97.5% of these cultures were typed. A high percentage of the strains belonging to the II, III, and IV serological groups and to the serotype 011 pointed to the epidemiological significance of these serological groups. The results obtained showed the expediency of introduction of the method of serological typing of the Ps. aeruginosa cultures into the public health practice for the purpose of epidemiological analysis. PMID- 827884 TI - [Enteral immunization with associated typho-paratypho-tetanus vaccine]. PMID- 827885 TI - [Frontal, or generalized, epilepsy]. AB - The author studied the results of surgical treatment of 28 epileptic patients where the localization of the epileptogenic focus was on the medial surface of the hemisphere in the area of the frontal pole or on the lateral surface. Taking into consideration the theoretical premises, an analysis of literary data and the results of a comprehensive clinical study of patients the author comes to the conclusion that for a localization of the epileptogenic focus in the area of the pole and medio-basal parts of the frontal lobes primary generalized epileptic seizures and distant synchronous bioelectrical activity in the EEG without distinct focal changes are most characteristic. PMID- 827886 TI - [Value of rheoencephalography in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing cerebral arachnoiditis and several questions concerning therapy]. PMID- 827887 TI - [Reactivity of the vascular wall in alcoholic patients]. PMID- 827888 TI - Formation of lipid-bound N-acetylhexosamine derivatives in yeast particulate fractions. AB - 1. Particulate fraction (105 000 g) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyses the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetyl[14 C] glucosamine into lipid fraction as well as to insoluble polymer. 2. The evidence presented is in favour of the lipid containing the N-acetylglucosamine mono-, di- and tri-saccharide derivatives of dolichyl diphosphate. 3. The presence of a transferase synthesizing dolichyl-linked sugars in mitochondrial fraction is also reported. PMID- 827889 TI - Oxidation of methanol by facultative and obligate methylotrophs. AB - 1. The newly isolated methanol obligate Methylomonas sp. and the methanol facultative Pseudomonas sp. oxidize methanol at an unchanged rate over concentration range from 0.1 to 600 mM; the oxidation rate by the obligate methylotroph is 2.5 times higher (300 nmoles O2/min/mg dry wt.). Low-molecular alcohols, formaldehyde and formate serve as respiratory substrates for the intact cells of both methylotrophs. 2. Methanol dehydrogenase of both methylotrophs isolated should be classified as the phenazine methosulphate-dependent pteridine type enzyme of double methanol-and formaldehyde-dehydrogenase function. This soluble enzyme is stimulated about 10-fold by NH+4, which results in enhancement of V max, and shows the same specificity and the same affinity toward methanol and formaldehyde (K m about 5 X 10(-5) M). Heat-inactivation of the 10-fold purified enzyme is associated with the release of a watersoluble pigment with maximum fluorescence at 420-430 nm. 3. NAD-deendent formate dehydrogenase was found to catalyse the third step of methanol oxidation in both methylotrophs. PMID- 827890 TI - [Neurophysiologic mechanisms of arterial hypertension under experimental chronic emotional stress]. AB - Neurophysiological studies were conducted with subhuman primates (macaca mulatta) in order to obtain an estimate of central nervous effects of socio-emotional stress. This was combined with continuously aggravated conditioning procedures in view of the possible significance of chronic environmental stress escalation for etiology and pathogenesis of an arterial hypertension model. Our conclusions are based on evoked potentials (EP) as integrative characteristics of cerebral information processing. The EPs were recorded by means of electrodes chronically implanted in brain structures of emotional and cardio-vascular relevance. Multivariate mathematico-statistical analyses of average EPs (AEP) provide an objective measure of stress sensibility of the individual, particularly of the effects of acute and chronic environmental stress factors upon the functional organization of the CNS. By means of a quantitative approach to AEP we were able to demonstrate a disjunction between distinct limbic and hypothalamic structures starting under stress conditions of subchronic character. We assume that the constancy of functionally antagonistic hyperactive excitation foci at diencephalic and supradiencephalic levels and their specific interaction with the equally stress related neocortical functional insufficiency constitutes a decisive pathogenetic central mechanism of neurotic behaviour. Long-term changes of amplification of external and internal afferences could be demonstrated on the basis of hypo- and hyperreactive neuroelectric functional patterns. These processes cause cerebro-visceral regulatory diseases as, e. g., a primary arterial hypertension by restriction of neocortical control and the corresponding efferent reactions for re-establishment of the dynamic homeostasis. PMID- 827891 TI - [Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration frequency and ECG in rhesus monkeys exposed to socio-emotional stress]. AB - Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration frequency and ECG parameters were measured in 3 juvenile male rhesus monkeys under acute and chronic influence of a stepped load schedule including positive (nutritional), negative (pain-related) and socially operant conditioning and phases of a pharmacological sensibilization (angiotensin-II) of the cardiovascular system. The results suggest a general adaptation to the positively operant conditioning, while the latter stressing influences (either single or in combination) produced blood pressure and heart rate elevations, which had the character of dysregulatory functional changes (borderline hypertension model) and were reached by other authors, if at all, only through stronger stress influences. PMID- 827892 TI - [Behavior-parameter characteristics of a socio-emotional, neurosis-causing process in rhesus monkeys]. AB - Changes in relationships between behavioural repertoire, motility, and diastolic blood pressure were studied in rhesus monkeys under socio-emotional stress exposure. The frequency of behavioural patterns is a function of diastolic blood pressure. The initial stage of stress (normal BP) induced affective manifestation of aversion, tendency of spatial changeability and reactions of shock-avoidance. The late phase of stress (elevated BP) is associated with increased communicative control of social distance and physiological alterations: increased arousal, lability of autonomic functions and itching. The behavioural patterns of environmental integration were decreased with elevated diastolic blood pressure, in favour of comfort actions. PMID- 827893 TI - Studies of pig kidney diamine oxidase. AB - Preparations of pig kidney histaminase were analyzed for total compositions, N terminal residues, patterns of tryptic peptides and for subunits under dissociating conditions. The crystalline enzyme is pure by several criteria but not completely homogeneous. It is rich in acidic or amidated residues and has a low content of cysteine/halfcystine. Preparation analyzed consistently contained a few percent of carbohydrate. Subunits are concluded to be identical or highly similar with a molecular weight of about 90 000, which is consistent with other analyses. PMID- 827894 TI - [Parenteral nutrition. Technique of long term central venous catheterization (author's transl)]. AB - The authors compare two techniques of deep venous catheterization for long term total parenteral nutrition. From December 1, 1973 to April 30, 1974, 31 polyethylene catheters were placed by direct transcutaneous puncture of the subclavian or internal jugular vein in 18 patients. From Mayl, 1974 to March 30, 1975, 35 silicone rubber catheters were surgically placed by cutdown of the basilic vein, in 32 patients. The surgical technique has important advantages such as a safe technique, diminished local and generalized complications and the possibility of intermittent perfusion. Therefore the authors recommend the latter surgical technique for parenteral nutrition lasting 1 to 8 weeks. PMID- 827895 TI - Proliferation of leukemic blood cells in short-term liquid cultures. Relevance to the differential diagnosis of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In short-term liquid cultures of leukemic blood cells from 60 untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) the 3H-thymidine incorporation was measured. After 24, 48 and 72 h of culture, leukemic cells from AML patients consistently showed much higher incorporation values than those from ALL patients. In addition, the cultured cells were studied with the pulse cytophotometer to measure the cell phase distribution of the leukemic cell population. The percentages of cells in S, G2, and M phases in cultures from AML patients were also clearly higher than those from ALL patients. These test methods provide an additional diagnostic aid, especially for those forms of acute leukemia, which remain unclassified by conventional morphological and histochemical criteria. PMID- 827896 TI - Red cell membrane proteins abnormality in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and in in vitro induced PNH-like erythrocytes. AB - The abnormality of the reducell membrane proteins, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) red cells and in PNH-like ones induced in vitro by D penicillamine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, is described. The electrophoresis was effected by a vertical urea starch-gel system. In PNH there is a loss of 5 protein bands and a diminution of one of the remaining bands, and in PNH-like red cells there is a loss of 2 or 3 protein bands. PMID- 827897 TI - Screening for abnormal hemoglobins in the middle east: new data on hemoglobin S and the presence of hemoglobin C in Saudi Arabia. AB - 48 of 391 apparently healthy adult Saudi males had an AS hemoglobin pattern on electrophoresis, four subjects had an S pattern, and two subjects AC. A dithionite screening test lacked sensitivity and specificity in detecting hemoglobin S under the conditions of this study. A sickle cell trait frequency of 0.123 evidenced by hemoglobin electrophoresis correlates closely with previous studies of hemoglobinopathies in Saudi Arabs. The presence of four subjects with sickle cell disease in the study group provides further evidence of the "benign" nature of sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 827898 TI - Failure of isogeneic marrow engraftment in a patient with acute leukemia. AB - Marrow transplantation was carried out in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia using a healthy identical twin as donor. The patient was prepared for grafting with combination chemotherapy, high dose cyclophosphamide, and 1,000 rad total body irradiation. Repopulation of marrow did not occur despite a second marrow infusion 21 days following the first attempt. The patient died 44 days after the initial marrow infusion. To our knowledge this is the first patient transplanted from an identical twin who did not achieve engraftment after high dose chemotherapy and supralethal irradiation. The survival time was well in excess of that required for evaluation of engraftment. The possible mechanisms for graft failure are discussed. The use of prophylactic interferon against viral infections is considered as the most likely cause of failure of engraftment. PMID- 827899 TI - Unusual clonal evolution in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Several unusual cytogenetic changes have occurred during the evolution of chronic myelogenous leukemia in a 32-year-old white male with this disease for 8 years. The first appearance of a hypodiploid cell line containing a dicentric marker occurred 2 years after diagnosis and this line was eliminated by several courses of therapy with hydroxyurea. A second clone, which had a partial deletion of the long arm of one of the number 8 chromosomes (8q-) was noted a year later, but this line has been refractory to intensive combination chemotherapy. PMID- 827900 TI - Primary fibrinolysis and spontaneous rupture of the spleen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A 51-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose course was complicated by primary fibrinolysis and spontaneous rupture of the spleen is described. The patient was treated with various drug combinations: vincristine and prednisone, later by cytosine arabinoside and finally by prednisone, methotrexate and 6 mercaptopurine. Four months after the diagnosis he developed epistaxis and petechiae. The coagulation tests were compatible with primary fibrinolysis and he responded to treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). One month and a half later he developed again epistaxis, ecchymoses, splenomegaly and an acute abdomen. The coagulation tests revealed primary fibrinolysis. The operation revealed a ruptured spleen. After splenectomy the treatment with EACA was continued and, despite an improvement in the coagulation tests, the patient died. PMID- 827901 TI - On the distribution and role of acid phosphatase in the sub-pharyngeal ganglia of Indian cattle leech, Poecilobdella granulosa. AB - Histoenzymatic studies on the sub-pharyngeal ganglia have shown two types of neurons, enclosed in a packet-glial-cell. One of these kinds of cells is larger than the other and vesiculated, while the other is non-vesiculated. Interestingly, all the neurons have reacted very violently for acid phosphatase. The reaction is predominently cytoplasmic, masking the cellular organelles in most of the cells. Smaller cells are more in number and of two kinds. The neuronal processes (axons) have manifested mild enzymatic activity. The neuropile shows predominently granular reaction, each dot probably representing a synaptic site. Intersegmental tracts have provided intense enzymatic activity. Possible physiological significance has been discussed. PMID- 827902 TI - III. Histochemical characteristics of suspensor during embryo development in Brassica campestris Linn. var., Sarson. AB - The development of suspensor in Brassica campestris is of the "Onagrad type"; The suspensor growth was maximum between the globular and heart stage of embryo development. There after, the suspensor diminished and immediately after the torpedo stage, it degenerated several enzymes (e.g. acid-, alkaline-, adenosine triphosphatase, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, cyotchrome oxidase) and general substances (ascorbic acid, polysaccharides, lipids) were localized in the suspensor during different phases of embryo growth. Between the globular and heartshaped stage, suspensor cells had strong reaction. An attempt is made to elucidate possible physiological functions in relation to specific enzyme localization. The possibility of suspensor having secretory function is also brought out. Present histochemical data indicated that suspensor was chiefly concerned with absorption and transport of metabolites from the surrounding tissue to the developing embryo. PMID- 827904 TI - The effects of L-DOPA, serotonin, reserpine and chlorpromazine on the daily rhythm of fluorescent intensity in leucocytes and blood platelets. AB - 1) The rhythmic fluctuation of fluorescent intensity of leucocytes and platelets of rats was modified by the administration of some drugs such as L- DOPA, serotonin, reserpine and chlorpromazine. Timing of administration was determined to get clearcut results. The different results were expected by the administration of drugs at the other time of day. 2) The administration of L-DOPA enhanced the fluorescent intensity of leucocytes and platelets, and the tincture of them tended strongly to be green at 4 to 10 h after the treatment. The administration of serotonin suppressed the fluorescent intensity of leucocytes temporarily, but inversely enhanced the intensity of platelets significantly. Reserpine and chlorpromazine had a similar suppressive effect on the fluorescent intensity of leucocytes and platelets within 30 h after the treatment. Compared with them, the influence of reserpine was stronger than that of chlorpromazine. 3) In fact, these drugs made an marked influence on the rhythmic fluctuation of fluorescence intensity in leucocytes and platelets, but the physiological rhythmicity was remained in the ground of modified fluctuation of rats which were treated by those drugs. PMID- 827903 TI - Fluctuation of fluorescent material in the rat's and human leucocytes under various situation. AB - When modified FALCK-HILLARP technic was applied to blood smears of rat and human specimens, the fluorescence was detected not only in platelets, but in leucocytes. In rat leucocytes and platelets, the bimodal daily rhythm of fluorescent material is observed under physiological condition. The rhythm is modified considerably if animals are exposed to the continuous lighting. The intensity and number of the fluorescent cells in the human smears increased markedly in patients suffering from schizophrenia compared with controls. The content of fluorescent material in leucocytes assumes to be closely related with an activity of the living states. PMID- 827905 TI - Histological, histochemical and biochemical effects of cadmium chloride in female koel (Eudynamys scolopacea). AB - Effects of single subcutaneous injection (1.5 mg/100 g body weight) of cadmium chloride were studied in the ovary, oviduct, thyroid and adrenal gland of Indian koel (Eudynamys scolopacea). Treatment resulted the significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in the weight of ovary and oviduct. The stromal tissue showed hyperaemia and profused haemorrhage leading to some cellular destruction. A marked degeneration was noticed in the lamina propria of magnum. No remarkable change occured in thyroid histology. An increment of alkaline phosphatase activity was pronounced in ovarian tissue as well as in magnum after the injection. An overall reduction of periodic acid Schiff reaction was noticed in both ovary and oviduct after the salt treatment. The experiment caused a significant reduction of eponephrine content (p less than 0.001) in hypertrophied adrenal medulla. The cortical tissues, however, unaltered in their histomorphology. The loss of total amount of cholesterol (p less than 0.05) from the adrenal gland after the experimentation was recorded. It has been suggested that the augmentation of epinephrine secretion suppressed the gonadal acitivty. PMID- 827906 TI - Activity of acid phosphatase and TPP-ase at a fine structure level in the neuroglia as related to myelination of the brain. AB - An ultrastructural investigation of the activity of acP and TPP-ase in the neuroglia of different developmental stages of the rabbit corpus callosum was performed. The observations made, lead to following conclusions: 1. The strongest demonstration of end products of acP activity was observed in the large dense bodies of oligodendrocytes at the culminating period of myelination gliosis. 2. At the peak of myelinogenesis a rise in the TPP-ase activity in the oligodendrocytes was localized mainly in the Golgi apparatus. However even in this period the Golgi system was only partially filled with reaction precipitates. 3. The increase of lysosomal acid phosphatase and of TPP-ase activity of the Golgi system of oligodendrocytes seems to be connected with the metabolic processes leading to deposition of myelin components. PMID- 827907 TI - Histochemical localization of enzymes in the normal rat gastric mucosa using the technique of the semipermeable membranes and the other methods. AB - In the paper we observed histochemically the distribution and activity of 16 enzymes in the normal rat gastric mucosa. The lysosomal enzymes were demonstrated by the method of semipermeable membranes (LOJDA 1972). At the proof of dehydrogenases aqueous and gel media were used. The parietal cells of the gastric mucosa contained a moderate activity of acid phosphatase, E-600 resistant esterase, and only a very slight activity of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase. The macrophages of the interstice contained a high activity of beta-glucruonidase, acid phosphatase, E-600 resistant esterase and a low activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The chief cells of the rat gastric mucosa, in contrast to the human, did not contain nonspecific esterase and also in them acid phosphatase was mostly lacking. The alkaline phosphatase was found only in the endothelium of the capillaries of the gastric mucosa. The parietal cells contained high activities of succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, NADH tetrazolium reductase, a lower activity of NADPH tetrazolium reductase, as well as other soluable dehydrogenases. At the examination of dehydrogenases using aqueous as well as gel media with PMS during optimal short incubation periods, we found more and less active forms of parietal cells. The different oxidoreductase capacity of parietal cells in normal rat gastric mucosa can point to their unequal-functional load at the production of hydrochloric acid. The findings obtained are compared with the findings in older papers concerning different experimental animals and with the distribution of enzymes in the human gastric mucosa. PMID- 827908 TI - Localization of radioiodine in the tissues of swine: an autoradiographic study. AB - An attempt was made to visualize the sites of accumulation and distribution of 131I and 125I in the organs and tissues of swine by a modified autoradiographic dipping technique. Radioactivity was substantially higher with the injection of 125I than that of 131I. There was a tendency in all tissues for concentration of radioiodine to vary with the age of the animals. Concentration was evident in the lung, muscle, liver, pancreas, intestinal mucosa, thymus and spleen, in addition to the known accumulation sites, such as the adrenal, pituitary and gonads. The isotopes were concentrated at the striated border of the epithelial cells of the duodenum. The submandibular gland had a marked concentration in the collecting ducts and a lesser one in the secretory parenchyma of the gland. The most radioactive organ examined was the thyroid gland. The readioactivity was consistently higher in the follicular epithelial cells than in the connective tissue between the follicles. The bound radioiodine formed rings over the colloid cell interface. PMID- 827910 TI - 3:4-Dihydroxyphenzylalanine and biosynthesis of cholesterol in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. AB - In vitro incubation of 24 amino acids with frog liver homogenate shows 4 grades of cholesterogenic values. 1. Alanine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and DOPA give positive results. Other amino acids were able to sustain the original amounts of cholesterol to different proportions e.g. 2. Aspartic acid, Proline and Valine (50%). 3. Sodium Acetate, Arginine, Cysteine, Leucine, Norleucine, Methionine and Serine (more than 50%). 4. Aminobutyric, Glutamic, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Lysine, Ornithine, Threonine and Tryptophan (less than 50% to negligible). DOPA gives the maximum yield of 73.1% It also shows high cholesterogenic values in different organs both in vitro and in vivo. It is thus a major precursor of cholesterol in animal tissues. Scheme of biosynthesis of cholesterol from DOPA ARE GIVEN ON THE BASIS OF KNOWN FACTS. A postulated scheme of direct synthesis of sterid molecule from DOPA is also provided. DOPA also showns sympathomimetic effects upon subcutaneous administration and blood cholesterol is reduced to more than 50%. Although there are numerous publications detailing the various aspects of biosynthesis of cholesterol and hyper and hypo cholesterolemia yet the exact realtionship between the amino acids and cholesterol synthesis is not properly understood. Recent publications of Shrivastava (1975 a,b,c) have aspecially drawn attention to the high cholesterogenic effects of 3:4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This work presents evidence that DOPA is infact a major and potential source of cholesterol not only in liver but in other animal tissues as well. PMID- 827909 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of cultured ovarian cells. I. Histochemistry of porcine preovulatory granulosa cells in culture. AB - Histochemical activity of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as well as alkaline and acid phosphatase was investigated in porcine granulosa cells cultured in vitro. Granulosa cells, isolated from preovulatory procine ovarian follicles, during in vitro culture showed activity of enzymes participating in steroid biosynthesis. High activity of delta53betta0H-SDH and G6P-DH as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase, appearing in the course of culture, could be evidence of progressive luteinization of the cells. Activity of 17beta0H-SDH was lower and exhibited strong fluctuations, similarly low was 20xOH-SDH. Gonadotropic hormones caused the increase of synthesis and accumulation of intracellular lipids. They stimulated alkaline and acid phosphatase, and also the activity of the dehydrogenases. LH had the most visible effect. Estradiol stimulated the activity of acid but not alkaline phosphatase and was not influencing, even lowering the activity of dehydrogenases. PMID- 827911 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity of the large intestinal principal cells in postnatal developing rats. AB - The localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the large intestinal mucosa of postnatal developing rats was studied by means of light and electron microscopes. On the day after birth, alkaline phosphatase activity, as shown by the azo-coupling method was found on the microvilli and the tubulovacuolar system in the proximal part of the large intestine between the 1st and the 15th days, enzyme activity was localized on the microvilli, the tubulovacuolar system, and the supranuclear vacuole of the surface principal cells of the cecum and the ascending colon. After the 15th day, all the principal cells of the proximal large intestine were free of reaction products as were those in the full-grown rats. Before the 4th day of life, in the descending colon, the enzyme activity of the principal cells was observed, but only on the microvilli. After the 5th day, enzyme activity disappeared from the principal cells. PMID- 827912 TI - A case of mosquito allergy. Immunological studies. AB - A girl aged 14 years, who showed local skin lesions and generalized reactions such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia and pancytopenia following mosquito bites, has been evaluated with various immunological methods. The intracutaneous tests, P-K tests and RAST confirmed the presence of specific IgE antibody against mosquito antigens, but no precipitating antibody was detected by either the double immunodiffusion or immunofluorescent antibody techniques. As far as the type IV reaction is concerned, the skin test failed to show a positive delayed skin reaction, but the lymphocyte incorporation of 3H-TdR exhibited a maximal response with smaller doses than the controls. PMID- 827913 TI - Mistabron in the intensive care unit. AB - Mistabron is the trade-name of a new mucolytic agent, that has certain advantages over older mucolytic agents. This drug has been used to a great extent in patients with tracheobronchial secretions in the department of intensive care medicine. Its application makes expectoration easier while its preventive administration diminishes greatly the incidence of lung complications. PMID- 827914 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of postischemic encephalopathy. A review. AB - Irreversible brain damage after a short period of cerebral ischemia is a clinical drama. Not neuronal dead in se, but a hemodynamic event, described as no reflow phenomenon (NRF) seems to be the primary pathogenetic factor towards fatal outcome. A combination of four flow promoting therapeutic measures (heparinisation, hemodilution, systemic arterial hypertension and brainflushing with dextran 40) greatly improves recovery of the brain function after 12 min. of cardiac arrest in dogs. Short acting barbiturates provide remarkable amelioration of postischemic encephalopathy in the monkey. PMID- 827915 TI - Complications of treatment and metastatic spread of cervical carcinoma with special regard to roentgenological studies. PMID- 827916 TI - [Value of radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 827917 TI - Serratio test: a new sensitive technique for the detection of anti-RH(D) antibody. PMID- 827918 TI - Haemophlic arthropathy surveyed with whole-body gamma-camera scinitgraphy. AB - A number of joints suffering from haemophilic arthropathy was studied. They were surveyed clinically, radiologically, and with a new system of whole-body gamma camera scintigraphy. This radio-isotopic technique provides advantages such as sensitivity, speed and safety. The results of the survey are presented and discussed. PMID- 827919 TI - [Osteochondromatosis. Clinical, microradiographic and biomechanical study]. PMID- 827920 TI - Jejunal mucosa in infantile protein-calorie deficiency. PMID- 827921 TI - Electron microscopic studies of placental and uterine tumors induced in rats. AB - The ultrastructure of eight 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) or 4 nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) induced malignant tumors of placental and uterine origin in the rat were studied. Three of eight tumors had the ultrastructural characteristics of choriocarcinoma. The other five tumors had different fine structures. Two were classified as squamous cell carcinoma, one was as a leiomyosarcoma and the other two were undifferentiated sarcoma. PMID- 827922 TI - Sanfilippo B syndrome. A case report. AB - An autopsy case of a 9 years and 5 months old gargoyle girl diagnosed as Sanfilippo B syndrome by the biochemical demonstration of a large amount of heparan sulfate in urine and some organs and of deficiency of alpha-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase in the liver and brain was reported. The morphological changes characterized by cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolization were more generalized than those which had been described in previously reported cases. Histochemically, accumulation of variable amounts of acidic glycosaminoglycans and compound lipids, presumably gangliosides and phospholipids, was substantiated in the vacuolated cells of various visceral organs and in the ballooned neuronal cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous inclusions found in these cells were largely divided into two types; flocculent reticulogranular and osmiophilic, mostly laminated materials, many of which were bound by a single unit membrane. Enzyme cytochemistry proved acid phosphatase activity in the majority of the inclusions in fibroblasts and fibrocytes biopsied from the skin. Rough endoplasmic reticulum in these cells was markedly dilated with reticulogranular materials. The morphological changes of the present case and their pathogenesis were discussed. PMID- 827923 TI - Effect of crataemon on the respiration of isolated mitochondria. AB - Crataemon is a drug containing the total mixture of flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Crataegus minogina. Crataemon causes activation and inhibition of the respiration of isolated liver and heart mitochondria, with different time and dose dependence and with different sensitivity to EDTA. The activating effect develops immediately, it is caused by small doses of crataemon, it is lacking in uncoupled mitochondria and completely abolished by EDTA. The inhibitory effect develops immediately or after the activation phase, it is caused by higher doses and the degree and the latency period depend on the dose. This effect is due to the action of crataemon on the flavoprotein-cytochrome c section of the electron transport chain. The inhibitory effect is partly abolished by EDTA. These effects are explained by the presence of at least two crataemon components: EDTA sensitive and EDTA-insensitive. The EDTA-sensitive component is determined as a zinc-flavonoid complex. In small doses it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, while large doses inhibit the electron transport between flavoprotein and cytochrome c. The EDTA-insensitive component causes only inhibition of the electron transport in the same part of the chain and manifests its effect in the higher doses. PMID- 827924 TI - [Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of some derivatives of pyrazine-2 carboxylic acid]. PMID- 827925 TI - [Values of serial determinations of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of biogenic amines in various neurologic diseases]. PMID- 827927 TI - The embryology of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Earlier studies have noted the unusual placental anatomy of marmosets and the high frequency of biovular, synchorial twinning. The maintenance of a captive colony of Callithrix jacchus has enabled further studies to be made of embryonic development in this species. Thirty-six embryos from seventeen pregnancies were examined in detail and assigned to horizons on the basis of Streeter's classification of external form and internal structure. The specimens represented tha major part of the embryonic period and, with few exceptions, the structural development of the marmoset closely resembled that of the other primates that have been described. Marmoset embryos of a given horizon were consistently shorter than those of man. The timing of morphogenesis in C. jacchus was different from that observed in man and other primates. There was a considerable delay in early embryogenesis in the marmoset, although subsequent to stage XI, development proceeded at approximately the same rate as other primates. The available evidence suggested that this anomaly was not due to delayed implantation or embryonic diapause but to a generally slower rate of early development. The evolution of synchorial twinning is considered as a possible reason for this mode of development. PMID- 827926 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in epileptic patients: effect of total sleep deprivation]. PMID- 827928 TI - Effects of so-called "cerebral blood flow increasing" drugs on tissue-oxygenation of the brain. PMID- 827929 TI - A system for in vivo measurement of oxygen in intraocular tissue. PMID- 827930 TI - Biochemical genetics of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 827931 TI - Genetics of the complement system. PMID- 827932 TI - [Influences of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on conjunctival cells in tissue culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 827933 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the normal ocular tissues. 1. The normal surfaces of the epithelium and the endothelium of the cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 827935 TI - [Observations on the corrosion casts of the capillaries of the iris and the ciliary body in the enzyme-induced glaucomatous eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 827934 TI - [Mucin and Pseudomonas infection of the cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 827936 TI - [Aerosol therapy with Mesna in pneumology (Mistabron ucb) (author's translation)]. PMID- 827938 TI - [Interrelationship between thyroid hormones of mother and fetus at the end of physiologic labor]. PMID- 827937 TI - Gastric antisecretory effects of E prostaglandins in Rhesus monkeys. AB - The gastric antisecretory actions of prostaglandin E1 methyl ester (PGE1ME) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were evaluated in unanesthetized gastric fistula rhesus monkeys. Basal and stimulated gastric secretory studies were conducted. Multiple subcutaneous injections of either histamine or pentagastrin were given hourly for four consecutive hours. When a constant plateau of gastric secretion was reached, the PGs were administered as a single intravenous bolus at doses of 10-100 mug/kg. PGE1ME inhibited basal, histamine- and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. PGE2 was found to inhibit the histamine- stimulated gastric secretion. The PGs showed greater sensitivity to the inhibition of acid concentration rather than the volume of secretion. The PGs signfiicantly altered gastric juice concentration of hydrogen and sodium ion inversely, while potassium and chloride concentration were not altered. These experiments suggest that the rhesus monkey is a useful species for studying the gastric antisecretory effects of E prostaglandins. PMID- 827939 TI - Retinal detachment and pathology following experimental embolization of choroidal and retinal circulation. AB - By means of a micro-surgical technique, the central retinal artery of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) was embolized with spheric plastic beads (7-25 mu in diameter). Beads (4-15 mu) were also injected into choroidal capillaries through a supero-temporal vortex vein. Choroidal ischemia induced proliferation or degerneration of the pigment epithelium, frequently accompanied by photoreceptor degeneration and circumscribed retinal detachment. Occlusion of retinal vessels resulted in posterior vitreous detachment and micro-cystoid degeneration in inner retinal layers, followed by retinal schisis. In combined retinal and choroidal ischemia long-lasting retinal detachments regularly developed. PMID- 827941 TI - A new allele of ocular retardation: early development and morphogenetic cell death. AB - The inheritance and some developmental effects of a new allele of ocular retardation (orJ) are described. Affected animals or 12 days of gestation, show reduced cell death in the eye cup and thickening of the inner wall of the optic fissure. At 11 to 13 dyas of gestation orJ/orJ eyes grafted to the testis do not produce retina as their orJ+ littermates do. Adult animals have small eyes with closed lids, abnormal retinal layers, and no optic nerve. PMID- 827940 TI - [The change of hyaluronic acid of the vitreous humour by oxidation-reduction systems (author's transl)]. AB - Purified hyaluronic acid of ox vitreous humour was isolated treating the acetone precipitate of a vitreous humour homogenate with 1 M NaCl solution and thereafter with cetylpyridiniumchloride. Both disc-electrophoresis and hydroxyproline content proved the absence of collagen in the purified hyaluronic acid. FeSO4, ascorbate, and cysteine changed the hyaluronic acid molecule and lowered the viscosity of the hyaluronic acid solution, EDTA alone did not affect the viscosity but enhanced the effectiveness of iron ions or ascorbate on the viscosity of the solution. Catalase prevented the reduction of the viscosity by the above mentioned substances. Therefore, it is suggested that H2O2 and free radicals are generated during the reaction. The free radicals produced are responsible for the change of the hyaluronic acid molecule. PMID- 827943 TI - NMR spectroscopic detection of cis and trans peptide bonds in unprotected oligo-L prolines. PMID- 827942 TI - [Significance of the modern technics of artificial feeding in the treatment of severe acute peritonitis]. PMID- 827944 TI - The crystal structure of squalene. PMID- 827946 TI - Structural and serological relationships among different antibodies from the same rabbit antiserum. I. Isolation, chemical and allotypic characterization of ten antibody components from one anti-streptococcal serum. AB - The relationships among antibodies produced by an individual rabbit were examined using multiple antibodies elicited by hyperimmunization with Group C streptococcal vaccine. Immunoadsorbent chromatography followed by agarose block electrophoresis yielded nine different antibody fractions, all directed against Group C carbohydrate, from the immune plasma of rabbit 4295 (allotype a1/b5). Electrophoresis of the antibody light chains gave single bands for most of the antibodies. Amino acid sequence analyses carried out on several of the antibody L chains revealed that five of these had aspartic acid at the amino terminus. By quantitative allotypic analyses all antibodies were allotype a1/b5. One antibody fraction, homogeneous by all other criteria, contained antibodies with two distinct group a allotypic subspecificities. The two antibodies in this fraction could be separated on an anti-a1 column. The ten antibodies were placed into a minimum of three groups based on differences in a1 allotype subspecificity. PMID- 827945 TI - Control mechanism of lymphocyte traffic. Altered migration of 51Cr-labeled mouse lymph node cells pretreated in vitro with phospholipases. AB - Glycoproteins have so far been the only surface components thought to be of importance in the process of recognition between circulating lymphocytes and endothelial cells of the lymph node post-capillary venules and thus in the control of lymphocyte traffic. In this paper the effect of in vitro treatment of 51Cr-labeled mouse lymph node cells with phospholipases (PL) (A and C) on their migration into syngeneic recipients was investigated. PL-A and PL-C treated cells migrated differently from control (untreated) cells. Diminished numbers of PL-A treated lymphocytes were found in the lymph nodes at 1, 6 and 24 h after cell transfer with a simultaneous increase in the lungs at 1 h, and spleen at 6 h after transfer. PL-C-treated cells remained in the blood longer than untreated cells. We conclude that factors other than the integrity of surface glycoproteins are involved in the control of lymphocyte traffic. The roles played by cell adhesion, in particular cell-to-cell interactions in regulating the rate of cell migration, are discussed. PMID- 827947 TI - [Progressive exhaustion of the psychotropic effect of T.R.H. Clinical and neuroendocrinologic study]. AB - The progressive exhaustion of the psychotropic effect of T.R.H. clinical and neuroendocrinological study. The study of a complicated clinical case permitted us to use T.R.H. because of the ineffectiveness of other psychotropic agents the patient (male, aged 38) was given previously. A major and atypical depressive state with severe anorexia was lasting from several months. T.R.H. was administered 3 times per day (at 8 h. 11 h and 14 h) as an intravenous injection of 0.5 mg of T.R.H. lasting 1 min. (total dose per day: 1.5 mg). From the 1st to 7th day the patient showed a market improvement) in the depression symptoms, followed by a light degradation observed from the 7th to 10th day. During a third phase, he showed wild improvement which was maintened stable from the 10th to the 21st day. Then, there was a progressive return to the state prior to T.R.H. period till the 30th day. This phase lasted up to the end of the therapeutic trial of T.R.H. These fluctuations of the depressive state were not found to be correalted with significant plasma-T.R.H. changes and seem to happen when changes in catecholamines and/or serotonin were not observed, according to methods used. Independently of various theoritical approaches concerning the mechanism of psychotropic T.R.H. action, it seems that its effect is exhausted progressively and rapidly. PMID- 827949 TI - Cross-modal perception in apes. PMID- 827948 TI - [Central and psychotropic effect of T.R.H. Polygraphic study of nighttime sleep and hormone levels in healthy subjects]. PMID- 827950 TI - Paleoneurological evidence for language origins. PMID- 827951 TI - Morphological cerebral asymmetries of modern man, fossil man, and nonhuman primate. AB - Cerebral asymmetries are common in modern and fossil man and the great apes. Those occurring most often are listed here: 1. The left sylvian fissure in man is longer than the right and in both fetal and adult brains the posterior end of the right sylvian fissure is commonly higher than the left. Associated with these findings, the left planum temporale is usually longer than the right. 2. The left occipital pole is often wider and usually protrudes more posteriorly than the right. 3. The left lateral ventricle, and especially the occipital horn, is usually larger than the right. 4. If one frontal pole extends beyond the other it is usually the right. 5. On X-ray computerized axial tomograms (CT) of the brain the right frontal lobe and the central portion of the right hemisphere more often measure wider than the left. 6. The CT studies commonly show a Yakovlevian anticlockwise torque (taking the nose as 12 o'clock), with the left occipital pole longer and often extending across the midline toward the right and a wider right hemisphere in its central and frontal portions and frequent forward protrusion of the right frontal pole. This is found also in newborns. 7. The posterior end of the sagittal sinus usually lies to the right of the midline and the sinus flows more directly into the right transverse sinus than into the left. 8. The right transverse sinus is usually higher than the left. 9. In left-handed and ambidextrous individuals the posterior ends of the sylvian fissures are more often nearly equal in height and the occipital regions are more often equal in width or the right may be wider. 10. The torque of the pyramidal tract and the hemispheral torque cannot at present be related to right- or left-handedness. Statistics concerning left-handedness are somewhat confounded, because it is likely that not a few individuals are left-handed because of an early injury of the left hemisphere in a normally right-handed individual. 11. Cerebral asymmetries are found in fossil man similar to those in modern man. 12. Asymmetries of the sylvian fissures similar to those of modern man have been found in the great apes and are particularly common in the orangutan. 13. The most striking and consistently present cerebral asymmetries found in adult and fetal brains are in the region of the posterior end of the sylvian fissures-- the areas generally regarded as a major importance in language function. PMID- 827952 TI - An ethological theory of the origin of vocal learning. PMID- 827953 TI - From hand to mouth: some critical stages in the evolution of language. PMID- 827954 TI - Human language and primate communication. PMID- 827955 TI - Chimpanzees and language evolution. PMID- 827956 TI - Vocal tract and brain: a search for evolutionary bottlenecks. PMID- 827957 TI - Evolution of laryngeal folding. PMID- 827958 TI - Use of formants in the grunts of baboons and other nonhuman primates. PMID- 827959 TI - Speech perception in the human infant and rhesus monkey. AB - In summary, a complete understanding of the development of infant speech perception requires not only research guided by efforts to construct an ontogenetic timetable of the infant's speech discriminative abilities, but investigations of the phylogenetic bases of these ontogenetic abilities, and much more concern for how the microgenetic development of speech perception affects our assessment of ontogenetic and phylogenetic development. The data presented in this paper on the categorical discrimination of place of articulation in rhesus monkeys and human infants illustrates the importance of considering phylogenetic and microgenetic aspects of development in explaining the origin of some of the infant's phonetic capabilities. In addition to continuing to explore the upper bounds of the infant's "phonetic" perceptual abilities, the adaptation of feature detectors, and short-term memory processes in the assessment of infant and non human primate speech discrimination. Only then we will be able to appreciate fully the significance of a study demonstrating categorical discrimination in human infants . PMID- 827960 TI - Auditory perception and speech evolution. AB - Human speech perception seems to involve the ability to recognize groupings of speech sounds rather than component phonemes, and to distinguish between permuted orders of items within sequences as holistic entities. Humans can use this Holistic Pattern Recognition (HPR) not only with speech and music, but also with sequences of arbitrarily selected sounds after very little practice. Infrahuman primates, cats, chinchillas, and birds also seem to employ HPR with auditory sequences. Further, there is recent evidence that animals unable to produce speech sounds can nevertheless discriminate between closely related phonemes. Thus, it appears that human speech perception employs prelinguistic abilities shared with other animals to distinguish between phonemic groupings. Of course, use of speech for communication also requires establishment of phonemic groupings as symbols, and sequential arrangement of these symbols, by rule, to convey the desired message. Identification of Components and their Order (ICO) for auditory sequences is limited to humans. ICO involves verbal categorization and storage of the names for successive auditory items as they appear, followed by retrieval or the names in the order stored. Thus, direct identification of the order of sounds within auditory sequences rests upon verbal ability, which provides an explanation for the difficulty that aphasics have in identifying order within nonverbal sequences. Much confusion in the literature on auditory sequence perception seems to have resulted from a failure to differentiate between HPR and ICO. PMID- 827961 TI - Discussion paper. PMID- 827962 TI - The search for cerebral dominance in monkeys. AB - Twelve monkeys with statistically significant and consistent manual preferences on three handedness tests were subjected to unilateral ablations in the association cortex. Eight received lesions in the foveal prestriate cortex, and four lesions in the dorsolateral frontal cortex; half the subjects in each group were operated on the dominant, and half on the nondominant hemisphere for handedness. The unilateral posterior preparations were significantly inferior to the control group of four unilateral frontals and five sham operated monkeys on three series of visual pattern discrimination problems. No evidence was obtained that lesions in the nondominant hemisphere. The results of this and four other experiments indicate that there is no cerebral dominance for problem-solving in monkeys. Recent research indicates that handedness in rhesus monkeys is only superficially similar to handedness in humans; thus, monkeys appear to lack cerebral dominance for handedness as well as for cognitive behavior. PMID- 827963 TI - Comparative neurology of vocalization and speech: proof of a dichotomy. PMID- 827964 TI - Limbic influences on human speech. PMID- 827965 TI - Evolution of language lateralization and cognitive function. PMID- 827967 TI - [The provocation of coronary spasm in man by ergonovine maleate. Angiographic demonstration (author's transl)]. PMID- 827966 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative study of proteinuria in EPH gestoses]. PMID- 827968 TI - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 827969 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis by Goeckerman's method modified at the Rothschild Foundation (coal tar + UV + psoralens)]. PMID- 827970 TI - [Chromosome band topography of Papio hamadryas]. PMID- 827971 TI - Interacting gene-enzyme systems in Drosophila. PMID- 827972 TI - Evolution of macronuclear organization. PMID- 827974 TI - Formation of dry-heat resistant Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores as influenced by the composition of the sporulation medium. AB - Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores were produced on 20 different media. The spore yield from each medium and the dry-heat resistance at 160 C of the different spore populations were determined. The yield varied with a factor of 10(6) and the variation in D 160-value was about 10-fold (less than 20 S-190 S). A "synthetic" medium producing a high yield of spores with high dry-heat resistance was formulated. The concentrations of glucose, sucrose and calcium were found to be critical. PMID- 827973 TI - Nuclear and cell division in Bacillus subtilis. Antibiotic-induced morphological changes. AB - Incubation of Bacillus subtilis after outgrowth from spores in the presence of four different antibiotics in two different concentrations, showed that septation can occur without termination of nuclear division. Septation is then only partially uncoupled from the normal division cycle. Observations on location and development of mesosomes in the presence of the antibiotics, made in three dimensional cell reconstructions, suggest that the mesosome plays a role in the normal coordination between nuclear and cell division, and may explain the partial independence between these two processes in B. subtilis. PMID- 827975 TI - Effect of enzymatic methylation on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of DNA. PMID- 827976 TI - Purification and properties of malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase, a regulatory enzyme from the uropygial gland of goose. PMID- 827977 TI - Chemical modifications of lysyl and arginyl residues of human plasma alpha1 antitrypsin. PMID- 827978 TI - Total parenteral alimentation via indwelling umbilical catheters in the newborn period. AB - Total parenteral alimentation (TPA) was delivered to 80 infants via indwelling umbilical artery and to 9 via indwelling umbilical venous catheters. The primary indication for catheter placement and maintenance was monitoring of arterial blood gases (umbilical venous catheter tip in left atrium) in a group of sick neonates requiring increased inspired oxygen or assisted ventilation. Results were compared with those from 23 infants who had tunnelled jugular catheters for a variety of chronic medical and surgical problems preventing gastric or intestinal feeding. A mean weight gain was achieved in both groups. Mortality and morbidity rates were similar in both groups. The most common complications were infection and thrombotic phenomena. Metabolic complications were few. It is concluded that infusing TPA solutions via indwelling umbilical catheters presents no greater risk than infusion via tunnelled jugular catheters, and provides a method for supplying adequate caloric intake for growth during the acute stage of illness. PMID- 827979 TI - High energy feeding in protein-energy malnutrition. AB - The use of a high-fat diet in malnourished children produced accelerated growth of lean tissues as well as adipose tissue, and resulted in rapid nutirtional rehabilitation in 25 seriously malnourished babies. Such diets are easy to prepare and relatively cheap, and they offer important advantages over conventional feeding in the hospital treatment of malnourished children. PMID- 827980 TI - Genetic aspects of nutritional rickets. PMID- 827981 TI - Lead and PCB's in canvasback ducks: relationship between enzyme levels and residues in blood. AB - Blood samples were taken for two successive years from canvasback ducks trapped in the Chesapeake Bay. The first winter (1972-1973) five plasma enzymes known to respond to organochlorine poisoning were examined. Abnormal enzyme elevations suggested that 20% of the population sampled (23/115 ducks) might contain organochlorine contaminants, but no residue analyses were performed. The second winter (1974) two of the same enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, and a third enzyme known to be specifically inhibited by lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, were assayed in 95 blood samples. Blood residues of organochlorine compounds and of lead were determined in representative samples, and the correlations between residue levels and enzyme changes were examined. The enzyme bioassays in 1974 indicated that lead was a more prevalent environmental contaminant than organochlorine compounds in canvasback ducks; 17% of the blood samples had less than one-half of the normal delta-aminole vulinic acid dehydratase activity, but only 11% exhibited abnormal aspartate aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activities. These findings were confirmed by residue analyses that demonstrated lead concentrations four times higher than background levels, but only relatively low organochlorine concentrations. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and blood lead concentrations (P less than 0.01), and a weaker but significant correlation between plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity and blood PCB concentrations (P less than 0.05). It was apparent that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the blood provided a sensitive and precise estimate of lead contamination in waterfowl. In canvasback ducks 200 ppb of lead in the blood caused a 75% decrease in delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, a magnitude of enzyme inhibition that disturbs heme synthesis and is regarded as detrimental in humans. PMID- 827982 TI - Snakes as indicators of environmental contamination: relation of detoxifying enzymes and pesticide residues to species occurrence in three aquatic ecosystems. AB - Pesticide detoxifying enzymes and residues of p,p'-DDE and PCB were measured in snakes of two genera collected in three aquatic ecosystems in central Texas. Snake genera were Agkistrodon (water moccasins and copperheads) and Natrix (water snakes). One collecting site had heavy exposure to insecticides, one to PCBs and one to neither. Objectives were to correlate pesticide residues and detoxifying enzymes with species occurrence in different ecosystems, to evaluate the usefulness of snakes as indicators of environmental contamination, and to establish a biochemical basis for the differential distribution of snakes between ecosystems. Agkistrodon spp. had several times the NADPH-dependent oxidative detoxifying activity of Natrix spp. Within Natrix, oxidase activity was significantly higher in erythrogaster and fasciata than in rhombifera. Alkyltransferase activity was higher in A. piscivorus (water moccasins) than in any other species. There were no consistent differences between sexes in levels of detoxifying enzymes and enzyme activity was similar in snakes of each species from all collecting sites, indicating no induction had occurred as a result of heavy exposure to insecticides or PCBs. DDE residues were highest in snakes collected adjacent to a cotton agro-ecosystem. PCB residues occurred only in snakes collected near a heavily-traveled highway. Residues in A. piscivorus were only half those in Natrix spp. from the same site, indicating the former is more efficient as disposing of residues. The data indicate that snakes with high levels of detoxifying enzymes, particularly microsomal oxidases, are more likely to occur in a contaminated ecosystem than snakes with less active detoxifying enzymes and that residues are lower in the better detoxifiers. Snakes are apparently excellent indicators of environmental contaminated by insecticides and other persistent chemicals. PMID- 827983 TI - [Microbiology of chronic lung diseases in children (author's transl)]. AB - The bacterial flora was studied in the bronchial, pharyngeal secretions and sputum of 80 children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and of 21 children with other chronic lung diseases, treated at the Pediatric Clinic (Respiratory Unit), University of Genoa. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 52% of patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 48%, Proteus in 5%. According to the age, the patients have been distinguished into four groups; in the 6-10 and 11-15 year-old group Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest pathogen isolated, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found much more commonly in the 16-20 year-old group. Details are given of antibiotic-sensitivity for single strains grown. Intensive care programs, based on specific antibiotic-sensitivity, for in-patients and out patients, are reported: positive results in treatment courses with Gentamicin, Cephalosporins and Tobramycin are presented. PMID- 827984 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative researches into bacterial flora of respiratory apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - The first group of data illustrated in this research concern the isolation's frequencies of bacterial strains from 7000 samples of respiratory materials examinated in two years, 1973 and 1974, by two different techniques. Significant differences were observed in the isolation's percentage of various bacterial strains; these differences, at least partly, can be attributed at the different techniques employed in two years. The second group of data is represented by results of bacterial quantitation performed in 100 samples of purulent sputum, with respectives clinical notes unknown. Potentially pathogenous strains in pure culture and at a concentration of 10(7) or higher were isolated only in 16 samples of sputum in the other samples normal bacterial flora was isolated alone or associated with potentially pathogenous strains. PMID- 827985 TI - [Considerations on the bacterial flora in patients with infections of the respiratory tract and in immunosuppressed patients (author's transl)]. AB - Epidemiological features of pathogenic mycetes have been investigated with regard to their relationship with bacterial flora in patients with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and in immunosuppressed patients. Opportunistic mycetes (Candida and Aspergillus) have been found frequently associated with Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. In immunosuppressed patients, the plenty of mycetic flora is related to the degree of immunoglobulin deficiency especially to the IgG and IgA levels. PMID- 827986 TI - [Antimicrobical resistance of bacterial strains isolated in specimens of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - More than 4,000 susceptibility tests of antimicrobical agents performed in two years with six groups of microorganisms: 1) Staphylococcus, 2) Escherichia coli, 3) Proteus, 4) Enterobacter and Klebsiella, 5) Citrobacter, 6) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been compared. Percentages of antimicrobical resistance of every group are here related and statistically compared to discover significant susceptibility variations of bacteria isolated in 1973 and 1974. PMID- 827987 TI - [Serological researches in the bacterial respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Previous studies on the serological diagnosis of the lower respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have been reviewed. The most significant results have been up to today obtained with the double immunodiffusion technique (Ouchterlony) for detecting different, specific and aspecific, bacterial precipitins in the serum of the patients, and with the immunoelectrophoresis which allows to distinguish specific precipitine lines from the aspecific ones. Among the other immunological methods, bacterial agglutination, passive haemagglutination, cross-over-immunoelectrophoresis, complement fixation, and immunofluorescence have been only occasionally used, but further comparative studies are needed and suggested to establish their diagnostic value. Other technical problems, as purity of antigens or cross-reactivity of antibody or antibodies level evaluation, are raised and discussed. Further improving of the serological methods would allow their routine use in clinical bacteriology as a useful tool in the assessment of pathogenicity of the bacterial species in the sputum and in the ethiological diagnosis of broncho pulmonary infections, at least of those cases in which exclusive relaying on sputum cultures could be fallacious. PMID- 827988 TI - [On the acute respiratory infections of anaerobes bacteria: clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic results (author's transl)]. AB - In order to isolate and identify aerobe and obligate anaerobe (O.A.) bacteria investigations were carried out on 11 patients with acute respiratory tract infections (7 of them severely ill and hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit). O.A. species were isolated in 7 subjects, in all cases in mixed culture (from 2 to 5 species per sample), including also potentially pathogenic aerobe bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc). On the 24 strains of O.A. bacteria identified, M.I.C. was determined for penicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and thiamphenciol. The data obtained have been compared with the M.I.C. of 28 strains isolated from uro-gynecological infections. The strains isolated from the respiratory tract presented a sensitivity spectrum to antibiotic similar to those isolated from the urogenital tract. Chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol inhibited growth in 100% of the cases at concentrations equivalent or inferior to plasma levels obtained with normal therapeutical doses; clindamycin was active at lower concentrations but not on all the strains isolated (3 Bacteroides, 1 Fusobacterium sp., 1 Peptococcus sp. were resistent). Penicillin G was active on 21 out of 25 Gram-positive strains, but only on 7 out 26 Gram-negative bacilli. In view of these results the difficulty of obtaining a correct etiologic diagnosis and the consequent use of a correct antibiotic therapy are discussed. The usefulness of the association of different antibiotics is suggested. PMID- 827989 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastric, biliary and colonic surgery. AB - Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery has appeared indicated whenever likelihood of infection is great or consequences of such are catastrophic. For better clarification, a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was run on 400 patients undergoing elective gastric, biliary, and colonic operations. There were four treatment categories, with antibiotic being instituted 12 hours preoperatively, just prior to operation, after operation, or not at all. During operation, samples of blood, viscera, muscle, and fat were taken for determination of antibiotic concentration. Both aerobic and anareobic cultures were also taken of any viscus entered, peritoneal cavity, and incision. Similar cultures were run on all postoperative infections. Results demonstrated that the incidence of wound infection could be reduced significantly by the preoperative administration of antibiotic in operations on the stomach (22% to 4%), on the biliary tract (11% to 2%), and large bowel (16% to 6%). Less impressive results were obtained for peritoneal sepsis. Initiation of antibiotic postoperatively gave an almost identical infection rate as if antibiotic had not been given (15% and 16%, respectively). PMID- 827990 TI - Chenodeoxycholic acid induced liver injury in pregnant and neonatal baboons. AB - The prolonged feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid produces hepatic injury in both pregnant and non-pregnant baboons. CDC feeding does not adversely affect ovarina function and no teratogenic effects of this bile acid were noted in 16 live birth and two stillborn progeny of CDC fed animals. However, 10 of the 16 live birth neonates and one stillborn had focal hepatic lesions histologically similar to those observed in the adult animals. In addition one neonate had gross hepatic necrosis. The severity of the liver damage was related to the content of lithocholic acid in the bile of both the neonates and their mothers. Experiments with 14C-chenodeoxycholic and 14C-lithocholic acid demonstrate that the lithocholate in the enterohepatic circulation of the neonate is derived from the CDC fed to the pregnant adult. In the gallbladder bile of the neonate most, but not all, of the lithocholate is conjugated but unsulfated. Both newborn and adult baboons sulfate lithocholic acid but to an extent less than that reported for man. Less efficient sulfation of lithocholic acid in the baboon may exaggerate the toxicity of CDC feeding in this species compared to man. Nevertheless, the potential for adverse effects on the fetal liver must be recognized as a risk associated with the use of chenodeoxycholic acid in women of child-bearing age. PMID- 827992 TI - Alumina cream-induced focal motor epilepsy in cats. Part 3. Ultrastructure of the epileptogenic focus. AB - In this study the ultrastructure of motor cortex adjacent to alumina cream (AC) deposits was studied during the latent, convulsive and remission stages of an experimental model of epilepsy in cats. Findings were compared with those observed in sham-operated animals. Where AC was injected, amorphous material surrounded by macrophages containing phagocytic vacuoles was observed. At the edge of these areas, neither fibrous capsule, nor other inflammatory elements were seen. Changes in size and number of fibrous astrocytic processes and morphological signs of progressive degeneration of neuronal elements at the perilesional cortex were found through the latent, convulsive and remission stages. These findings support the idea that presence of clinical and EEG seizures in AC lesioned animals is independent of scar formation and other inflammatory elements. On the other hand, the significance of increased astrocytic processes and progressive degeneration signs of the perilesional cortex in the physiopathogenesis of convulsive activity requires further investigation. (Arch. Invest. Med. (Mex) 7:157, 1976). PMID- 827991 TI - Drug-induced augmentation of coronary flow in vessels with maximum ischemic dilatation. AB - The possibility of drug-induced augmentation of coronary flow in vessels with maximum ischemic dilation has been investigated in anesthetized dogs. The auotperfused left anterior descending coronary artery was gradually narrowed to a "critical" degree at which hyperemic response to coronary occulsion was completely abolished... PMID- 827993 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy. Innocuousness and clinical value. A 5-year experience]. AB - The authors present their experience of the endomyocardaial biopsy procedure by Konno's technique; they have carried out 180 biopsies in 94 subjects. When the person taking the biopsy is experienced, the procedure is trouble-free, and yields tissue fragments of good quality which are suitable both for histological study and for study of ultrastructure. Biopsies from 47 cases of primary congestive cardiomyopathy have formed the basis of a precise histological study, and have been compared with the findings of a control group comprising various cardiac defects and three normal hearts. The diagnostic and prognostic value of the method are discussed. PMID- 827994 TI - [Blood digoxin and treatment of heart failure in aged patients]. AB - Serum digoxin level was determined by radioimmunoassay in 76 elderly in-patients (age: 76.1 +/- 1.0) which were treated by digoxin without any evidence of toxicity. Digoxin levels was related to blood nitrogen (p less than 0,01); on the other hand, no relationship between others factors influencing the digoxin bioavailability (age, body weight, associated drug) and digoxin levels could be found. Therapeutic effectiveness, as estimated by ventricular rate and signs and symptoms, was not dependent of digoxin levels. In patients with higher functional class (III and IV NYHA), however, digoxin level was generally demonstrated to be increased. Digoxin levels were lower in patients with coronary heart disease (1.71 +/- 0,22 ng/ml; n = 16) than in patients with right ventricle overload (2.94 +/- 0,74 mg/ml; n + 7 - p less than 0.05). Because of the very large scattering of digoxin levels, digoxin determination seems to be useful in measuring individual bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness, and leading to the best base line of any individual treatment. PMID- 827995 TI - [Spontaneous development of obstructive myocardiopathies]. AB - 49 cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy (37 of the sporadic type, 12 of the familial type), confirmed by phonomechanocardiographic, haemodynamic and/or angiographic investigation and followed up for more than 5 years (mean 7.5 years) without surgical intervention, form the basis of a study on the natural history of this condition. There were 19 deaths (39%), of which 7 were of the familial type (58%) and 12 of the sporadic type (32%). The actuarial survival curves, which were commenced at the time or the first clinical symptom or the date of the first hospitalisation, show that approximately one patient in two dies at or about the age of 40. In 6 cases, death occurred in patients who were greatly improved by medical treatment to the extent of remaining symptomfree up to the time of death. No factors could be found in the initial investigation (phonomechanocardiographic electrocardiographic, radiographic, haemodynamic and angiographic examination (phonomechanocardiographic, electrocardiographic, between the patients still alive and those who had died; each paramater studies had mean values which overlapped in the two groups. Only the age at which the first clinical feature appeared separated the two groups: those patients who died had their first symptom or sign of disordered function at a much younger average age (15.9 years) than the survivors (25 years). This study has confirmed the very serious nature of obstructive cardiomyopathy, especially the familial types, and those with a low age of onset. It emphasises the extreme difficulty in arriving at a prognosis in this condition. PMID- 827997 TI - [Cineangiocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve lesions. Validity of the method according to 100 angio-surgical correlations]. AB - In order to assess their validity, the findings on left bidirectional cineventriculography have been compared with the operative findings in 100 patients with mitral valve disease. This method of investigation has been shown to be a reliable one for the precise and complete evaluation of mitral valve lesions. The information which it provides about the morphology and kinetics of the valve, the site of any calcification, the state of the suspensory apparatus, and the degree and cause of any mitral incompetence often has a decisive influence on the indications for surgery and the choice of operation. PMID- 827996 TI - [Valve replacement by ball prosthesis. Study of risk factors]. AB - 245 patients had consecutive operations for replacement of a valve by a ball valve prosthesis in the aortic position (114) in the mitral position (91), or in more than one position (40) between 1970 and March 1973. The operative mortality was 14.3% (9.5% if emergency operations are excluded). A statistical study of the risk factors has shown the relatively minor influence of the patients' preoperative status (age, NYHA functional classification, cardiomegaly, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean capillary pressure) and of the conditions during surgery (duration of extacorporeal circulation, size of the prosthesis). The majority of the early deaths (19 deaths out of 35) occur as part of a syndrome of low cardiac output (9) and/or of a severe disorder of ventricular rhythm (11). 9 of the 14 post-mortem examinations on such patients showed a haemorrhagic subendocardial lesion and/or, in 4, an intracardiac thrombosis on the prosthesis. The coronary arteries were normal (14), or slightly atheromatous (1). The histological picture is one of a haemorrhagic interstitial infiltration mainly in the subendocardial layers. The late failures (secondary deaths and poor results) are essentially related with poor preoperative status (age, functional classification, cardiothoracic ratio) or with complications which would be treatable given proper and regular follow-up supervision of the patients (porsthesis which pulls away or fails to function, thromboembolic accident, coronary complication). PMID- 827998 TI - [Study of the cumulative survival of 1,697 cardiac pacemakers. Superiority of the totally hermetically sealed apparatus]. AB - A comparison of the "cumulative survival" of 1073 totally sealed cardiac pacemakers with that of 624 unsealed models showed the marked superiority of the former group. Calculation of the "cumulative survival" is not only a method which allows a comparison of technological advantages, but also one which can yield the selective replacement time". This concept has direct implications for clinical practice for, once the "elective replacement time" is known for a particular model, it becomes possible to replace the pacemaker electively without having to wait for it to break down or run out, events which are in any case unpredictable and possibly sudden. Knowledge of the "elective replacement time" will also avoid changes being made too early, which is a source of unnecessary expense for the Social Security. PMID- 827999 TI - [Value of caudo-cranial and left anterior obleque projections in the angiographic study of the left coronary artery]. AB - The use of new apparatus which offers an unlimited choice of projections in the frontal and sagittal planes is a great step forward in the radiological investigation of the coronary arterial tree. The results obtained with the left anterior oblique caudo-cranial projection have been reported. In a series of 100 consecutive coronary arteriographies, this method showed up lesions which were passed over or unnoticed, or showed up the magnitude of stenoses which had been underestimated in the standard projections, in 24 cases. From among these, it was possible to show up 6 stenoses which were at or above the 75% level; 4 of these were on the diagonal artery, 1 on the anterior desceinding artery, and one on the left coronary trunk. In 16 other patients it confirmed the degree of stenosis, which had been uncertain when assessed by the usual technique. All in all, it gave useful information in 40% of cases. This new projection is especially useful for investigation the proximal parts of the branches of the trunk of the left coronary artery. PMID- 828000 TI - [Hyperkinetic syndromes associated with hypothiaminemia and corrected by administration of vitamin B 1]. AB - High-output states combining tachycardia, increased cardiac output and raised blood pressure are often seen in clinical practice with causes other than the classical ones (hyperthyroidism anaemia and arterio-venous fistulae). Noticing how these syndromes ressemble cardiac beri-beri, the authors looked for hypothiaminaemia in these patients. On the 25 cases studied, two were particularly interesting as there was frank hypothiaminaemia, and also as treatment with vitamin B1 corrected not only the biochemical disorder but also the clinical symptoms, and led to lessening of the trachyardia and a reduction in cardiac output and blood pressure. PMID- 828001 TI - [Hyperthyroidism caused by amiodarone. Apropos of 4 clinical cases]. AB - The authors report four new cases of hyperthyroidism associated with prolonged treatment with amiodarone. Massive doses of beta-blockers were required to deal with the severely disordered rhythm in one of the patients. Amiodarone, which is an effective treatment for angina, is not free from risk, even at the doses which are currently accepted. Hyperthyroidism, which may occur even in patients who have had no past history of any thyroid troupble at all, remains a most unusual complication. PMID- 828002 TI - [Idiopathic aneurysm of the left ventricle revealed by arterial emboli]. PMID- 828003 TI - [A case of myocardiopathy with hypothiaminemia exacerbated by imiparmine]. AB - The authors report a case of a lady of 45 years of age who presented with a cardiomyopathy with hypothiaminaemia which had been made considerably worse by treatment with imipramine. Once treatment with the antidepressant was stopped, her condition returned to its previous status. The very high plasma imipramine level recorded in his case is undoubtedly the reason for the cardiac toxicity. The mechanism and role of hypothiaminaemia have not far been explained logically. PMID- 828004 TI - ["Habitual" left branch block alternating with 2 "disguised" bracnch block]. AB - Two cases of alternating left bundle branch block and "masquerading block" (with left bundle branch morphology in the stnadard leads and right bundle branch block morphology in the precordial leads) were studied by serial tracings and his bundle electrocardiography. In case 1 "the masquerading" block was associated with a first degree AV block related to a prolongation of HV interval. This case is to our knowledge the first cas of alternating bundle branch block in which his bundle activity was recorded in man. In case 2, the patient had atrial fibrilation and His bundle recordings were performed while differents degrees of left bundle branch block were present: The mechanism of the alternation and the concept of "masquerading" block are discussed. It is suggested that this type of block represents a right bundle branch block associated with severe lesions of the "left system". PMID- 828005 TI - [Radioisotope measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction. Comparison with results of cineangiocardiography]. AB - The combination of radiocardiography with scintigraphy of the cavities of the heart allows us to calculate the effective systemic ejection fraction. The systolic volume effectively ejected into the systemic circulation is obtained from radiocardiography using Stewart-Hamilton's principle. It is correlated with the left ventricular end-diastolic volume as calculated by planimetry on the scintigraphic record of the cavities of the heart, making due allowance for the geometrical axis of the heart. The ejection fraction measured by this isotope method has been compared with the ejection fraction measured by selective left ventricular cineangiography, both measurements being carried out at an interval of less than 48 hours in 100 patients without valvular disease. The results show an excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.94). In the 15 cases where the haemodynamic status of the ventricule appeared to be normal, the ejection fraction meastured by the two techniques was 0.65 +/- 0.04 and 0.66 +/- 0.04 respectively. In those patients with valve disorders with incompetence, the effective systemic ejection fraction is always lower than the total ejection fraction given by cineangiography. The difference corresponds with the fraction of the blood volume which is regurgitated. PMID- 828007 TI - [Performance of the lift ventricle in left ventricular obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - A retrospective study of 100 cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle has allowed us to predict a mean survival of 30 years after the murmur has been discovered. A comparative angiographic and haemodynamic study was carried out on 50 cases using the NYHA classification into four functional stages. The lowering of functional status, at rest, seems to occur: -With the advent of a permanent intraventicular gradient (6 +/- 5 mmHg in stage 56 +/- 38 mmHh in stages III and IV, p less than 0.001). Despite preservation of the indices of contractility (VECmax 1.81 +/- 0.66 c/s at stage I, 1.71 +/- 0.7 C/S at stages III and IV). -With a progressive change in the ventricular complicance (dV/dP/VTD 0.029 +/- 0.016 at stage I, 0.017 +/- 0.01 at stage III and IV). A progressive change in venticular complicance seems to be secondary to an increase in the parietal diastolic thickness and to lesions visible histologically. It governs the natural history of the condition and the results of surgical treatment. PMID- 828006 TI - [Dysplastic arterial changes in the arteries of the upper limb observed in the course of Raynaud's disease. Illustration of congenital arterial diseases of the limbs]. PMID- 828008 TI - [Contractility and diastolic complicance of the left ventricle in patients with coronary insufficiency without myocardial necrosis]. AB - The 19 coronary patients studied were found to have a "normalised" rigidity k = dp/(dVP) identical to that of normal subjects, and a lowered instantaneous end diast-lic compliance (dV/dP)TD. The increase in end-diastolic pressure is due to a small increase in end-diastolic volume, and brings about Starling's phenomenon to compensate for a diminution in contractility. The maximimum speed of shortening of the myocardium (VCFmax) shows up the baseline contractility, and appears to be more sensitive than the mean speed of myocardial shortening (VCF) and the ejection fraction. PMID- 828009 TI - [Atheromatous stenosis of the left coronary trunk. 28 surgical cases]. AB - 22 patients with atheromatous narrowing of the left coronary trunk underwent surgery between 1969 and 1974. Most of these patients had severe and incapacitating angina pectoris. The clinical features are readily explained by the size of the diffuse anatomical lesions, which are to be found on the left coronary trunk as well as on the three coronary vessels themselves. This series has not confirmed the serious risk of surgery in such cases, as there were no operative deaths. Secondary mortality was low (9%), and the 20 survivors (average length of follow-up: 26 months) were mostly (18/20) in an excellent condition functionally. These facts have lead us to advise surgery whenever possible. PMID- 828010 TI - [Anatomic study of early failures of aortocoronary venous bypass]. AB - A post-mortem study of 10 patients who died soon after an aorto-coronary by-pass procedure (16 grafts) showed that 5 grafts were blocked by recent thrombus (31%) in 5 patients, 3 of whom had infarcts as a result. It seems that the two main causative factors of early thrombosis were: -the wider calibre of the saphenous graft; the ratio of the circumference of the graft to the circumference of the coronary artery at the site of anastomosis is greater when there is a graft thrombosis (5.6/1 +/- 2.2) than when the graft is permeable (2.3/1 +/- 1.1) (p less than 0.01); -stenosing atherosclerosis of the artieal tree beyond the anastamosis. Changes in the endothelium of the vein, especially those caused by suturing, could equally well play a part in thrombus formation. Certain other factors, such as an insufficiently large graft ostium into the aorta, and poor outflow in the distal arterial bed, or an insufficiently large territory of supply belonging to the artery which has been bypassed, may also influence the degree of myocardial revascularisation brought about by the operation. A by-pass procedure requires a vein graft with a reasonably small diameter which matches, if at all possible, that of the coronary artery, and a good flow in the distal arterial bed, which must be confirmed at operation. PMID- 828011 TI - [Comparison of carotid pulse in normal subjects and coronary patients]. AB - A comparison of the values of R-R, S1S2, QS1, QS2, LVET, PEP, and ICT recorded from the carotid pulse of 40 coronary patients and 40 normal subjects has shown that the coronary group, when compared with the normals, show: --A significant lengthening of the QS2, PEP and ICT values, and a tendency towards lengthening of the S1S2 interval. --A tendency towards shortening of the LVET period. The ratio of PEP/LVET is a particularly good discriminant factor between the two groups. Because of these differences, assessment of the carotid pulse, which is an easy and non-invasive investigation, has become a good means of diagnosing coronary arterial disease. The results of this study have been compared with those from previous studies, and the clinical significance of the different findings has been analysed. PMID- 828012 TI - [Atrioventricular block and localized reentry into the trunk of the bundle of His]. AB - In a patient with an AV block and a resulting variable rhythm, the coupled ventricular complexes with dissociated P waves on the standard tracing suggested a reentry into the atrioventricular area. Intracavitary investigation revealed: 1) a complete bidirectional AV block in the upper portion of the bundle of His (there being a proximal His potential with a fixed relationship with the dissociated atrial activity shown on the ventriculogram); 2) escape of the bundle of His low down, or of the beginnings of the branches, preceded by a distal Hispotential; 3) re-entry echos preceded by a third variety of potential in the bundle of His. PMID- 828013 TI - [Hemodynamic diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency]. AB - An analysis and comparison has been made of the value in the diagnosis and assessment of the degree of tricuspid incompetence of the following: the pressure curves of the right side of the heart, intracardiac phonocardiography and the venous dilution curves of ascorbic acid. The study was carried out on 49 patients, and a comparison made with selective right ventricular cineangiography, which was chosen arbitarily as a baseline. The information from the pressure curves and from intracardiac phonocardiography often contains errors of ommission or commission, but that from the venous dilution curves of ascorbic acid came out as the most reliable; these curves do tend to overestimate the degree of regurgitation, but they still allow us to reserve selective cineangiography, which is quantitatively a more precise method, for those cases in which the curves indicate a particularly severe degree of tricuspid incompetence. PMID- 828014 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of intravenous injections of amiodarone chlorhydrate in normal subjects and coronary patients]. AB - A study has been made of the haemodynamic affects of a single intravenous injection of amiodarone chorhydrate (5 mg/kg); the injection was given at rest to six normal subjects and six patients with coronary insufficiency due to atherosclerosis. The effects of the drug are most marked at the fifteenth minute after injection, and are: slowing of the heart rate; lessened cardiac output and left ventricular effort; a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and diastolic pressure; slight variations in flow in the coronary sinus, with an increase in the ratio of coronary sinus flow to cardiac output. Amiodarone chlorhydrate appears to exert a favourable action upon the heart because, while it maintains myocardial perfusion, it tends to diminish the myocardial oxygen requirement by decreasing the rate of contraction and the contractility of the myocardium. PMID- 828015 TI - [Recording of the cardiac magnetic field. Technical considerations and initial results in hospital practice]. AB - Recording the magnetic field of the heart poses enormous technical problems. Whatever type of captor is used, the parasite magnetic fields are 11000x more powerful than those of cardiac origin, and must be excluded. It is for this reason that magnetocardiography has remained a laboratory technique until the last few years. The authors present an induction magnetocardiograph whose specifications make it suitable for use in hospital practice. Thanks to the selectivity of the captor, it is possible to produce magnetic plots of the thorax. PMID- 828017 TI - [Significance of spontaneous reduction of long term auricular fibrillation. Apropos of a case followed by subtotal auricular paralysis]. AB - The authors report the case of a female patient with mitro-aortic valve disease, whose atrial fibrillation had been recorded over a period of 13 years. There was then a conversion to sinus rhythm, followed by the appearance of a junctional rhythm with retrograde atrial conduction. Intracavitory investigation revealed that the electrical activity of the right atrium could be recorded only from a limited area, and that atrial stimulation was effective only over that area. This subtotal atrial paralysis suggests that the spontaneous conversion from atrial fibrillation was a sign of deterioration in the condition rather than of a "paradoxical improvement". PMID- 828016 TI - [Influence of acute exertion and physical training on platelet function of the coronary patient]. AB - The platelet function, fibrinogen level, and the various lipid fractions were studied in 17 coronary patients before, during and after a maximal effort, both before and after a three month period of physical training. Exercise capacity increased by 26%, stickiness went down by 27% at rest (p less than 0.025) and 42% on exercise (p less than 005), and aggregation varied (according to the method used) between 24%, 25% and 2% at rest (p less than 0.001) and 36%, 43% and 32% on exercise (p less than 0.001); the levels of fibrinogen and the lipid fraction remained unchanged. A patient whose exercise capacity was not increased by training had no alteration in platelet aggregation. According to this small series, physical training has an effect similar to that of acetyl salicyclic acid. The possible significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 828018 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia of the infant. 2 new cases]. AB - Two new cases of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the infant are reported, and reviewed in the light of the 23 case histories found in the literature. The diagnosis rests upon eliminating a pre-excitation syndrome, which is so common in this age group. The VTs found in infants are rapid, irregular, and take many different forms. They often necessitate urgent treatment with electric shocks. Preventive treatment consists of a combination of procainamide and beta-blockers in relatively large doses. The search for an aetiological agent should include a haemodynamic and angiocardiographic study of all the chambers of the heart to exclude cardiomyopathy, tumours, papyraceous right ventricle and congenital heart defects. Where no cause can be demonstrated, preventive treatment should be given, with regular electrical testing and other follow-up investigations. An attempt to reduce the drug dosage should be made every 6 months, in hospital. In cases which prove resistant despite adequate treatment, it seems justifiable to carry out a pericardial exploration with the aim of diathermising the ectopic focus; this approach is suggested because of the poor natural history of this type of case. PMID- 828019 TI - Effect of some environmental factors on cyanophage AS-1 development in Anacystis nidulans. AB - The development cycle of the cyanophage AS-1 was studied in the host blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, under conditions that impair photosynthesis and under various light/dark regimes. Under standard conditions of incubation the 16-h development cycle consisted of a 5-h eclipse period and an 8-h latent period. Burst size was decreased by dark incubation to 2% of that observed in the light. An inhibitor of photosystem II, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), reduced the burst size to 27% of that of the uninhibited control, whereas cyanophage production was completely abolished by carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. Dark incubation of infected cells decreased the latent period by 1-2 h and the eclipse period by 1 h, once the cultures were illuminated. This suggests that adsorption took place in the dark. Intracellular growth curves indicated that light is necessary for viral development. Infected cells must be illuminated at least 13 h to produce a complete burst at the same rate as the continuously illuminated control. Low light intensities retarded the development cycle, and at lowest light intensities no phage yield was obtained. AS-1 is highly dependent on host cell photophosphorylation for its development. PMID- 828020 TI - Characterization and structural properties of the major biliproteins of Anabaena sp. AB - Studies are presented of the biliproteins of Anabaena sp. This filamentous cyanobacterium contains three major biliproteins. Whereas two of these, C phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, are common to all cyanobacteria, the third, phycoerythrocyanin (gammamax approximately 568 nm) has hitherto not been described and its distribution among cyanobacteria appears to be limited. Anabaena variabilis and Anabaena sp. 6411 allophycocyanin, C-phycocyanin, and phycoerythrocyanin were purified to homogeneity and characterized with respect to molecular weight, isoelectric point, absorption spectrum and amino acid composition. The alpha and beta subunits of each of these proteins were also purified to homogeneity and characterized in the same manner. The tetrapyrrole chromophore content was determined for each of the proteins and subunits. The alpha subunit of phycoerythrocyanin carries a novel phycobiliviolin-like chromophore. This chromophore has not previously been detected in cyanobacterial biliproteins, but has been noted as a prosthetic group of a cryptophytan phycocyanin. Sedimentation equilibrium studies show that at pH 7.0, at protein concentrations of 0.2-0.6 mg/ml, allophycocyanin, C-phycocyanin and phycoerythrocyanin, each exists as a trimeric aggregate, (alphabeta)3, of molecular weight of approximately 105000. Structrual studies of microcrystals of these three biliproteins by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal a common plan for the construction of higher assembly forms. The major building block appears to be the trimer (alphabeta)3. It is proposed that this is a disc like structure about 3.0 X 12.0 nm. The individual alpha or beta subunits are roughly spherical, 3 nm in diameter. Allophycocyanin trimers stack to form bundles of rods which form long needles. Both phycocyanin and phycoerythrocyanin form double discs (alphabeta)6 which are visible as ring-shaped structures by electron microscopy. The mode of assembly of the biliprotein structures in the phycobilisome is, as yet, unknown. PMID- 828022 TI - Heterotrophic micro- and macrocultures of a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. AB - Anabaena variabilis can be cloned in the dark from fragments with one and few cells, with an efficiency of about 40%, on the nitrogen-free medium of Allen and Arnon solidified with 0.5% agarose and supplemented with 5 mM fructose. The organism can be grown exponentially (tau2 approximately or equal to 36 h) in fermentor cultures in the dark, fixing N2, to a density of greater than 10 g dry weight/l. PMID- 828021 TI - Heterotrophic capacities of Plectonema boryanum. AB - Acquisition of the dark heterotrophic growth capacity on glucose in Plectonema boryanum involves both adaptation and enrichment of a fast-growing genotype. The adaptation includes induction of functions involved in glucose incorporation and increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Photosynthetic products are implicated in the control of both systems. Efficient energy conversion in the dark, as measured by cyanophage multiplication, correlates in time with the increase in potential for glucose incorporation while heterotrophic growth capacity correlates with the increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The lower efficiency of heterotrophic growth compared to photoautotrophic growth is discussed in light of the conservation of the photosynthetic potency in the heterotrophic cells. PMID- 828023 TI - Physiological effects of the presence and absence of gas vacuoles in the blue green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. emend. Elenkin. AB - Physiological evidence was obtained for a light shielding role for gas vacuoles in Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. emend. Elenkin, by comparing photosynthetic oxygen evolution, growth behaviour and pigment composition of cells with intact or collapsed gas vacuoles. The oxygen evolution rates were strongly dependent on cell concentration, a maximum rate for cells with intact gas vacuoles occurring at about 1.4 X 10(9) cells/ml and for cells with collapsed gas vacuoles at about 2.5 X 10(9) cells/ml. By using light saturation curves for oxygen evolution, it was estimated that at low light intensities up to 30% of the photosynthetically useable light was shielded at a cell concentration of 6 X 10(8) cells/ml. Collapsing the gas vacuoles twice daily did not alter the initial growth rate of the cultures, but enabled them to reach a higher final cell density. Collapsing of gas vacuoles during growth for about four generations resulted in a lower level of all acetone soluble pigments with a greater relative reduction in carotenoids than in chlorophyll a. Collapse of the gas vacuoles does not alter the cell volume. Various optical interactions which could account for light shielding are discussed. PMID- 828024 TI - Toxicity and accumulation of thallium in bacteria and yeast. AB - Thallium sulphate inhibited microbial growth, with Bacillus megaterium KM more sensitive to the metal than Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition of B. megaterium KM and S. cerevisiae, but not of E. coli, was alleviated by increasing the potassium concentration of the medium; inhibition of respiration of S. cerevisiae, but not of E. coli, was similarly alleviated. Thallium was rapidly bound, presumably to cell surfaces, by S. cerevisiae and E. coli, and was progressively accumulated by energy-dependent transport systems (probably concerned primarily with potassium uptake) with both organisms. Thallium uptake kinetics suggested more than one transport system operated in yeast, possibly reflecting a multiplicity of potassium transport systems. Apparent Km and Ki values for competitive inhibition of thallium uptake by potassium indicated S. cerevisiae to have a higher affinity for thallium uptake than for potassium, while E. coli had a transport system with a higher affinity for potassium than for thallium. The likely systems for thallium transport are discussed. A mutant of E. coli with tenfold decreased sensitivity to thallium was isolated and apparently effected surface binding of thallium in amounts equivalent to the wild type organism, but showed no subsequent uptake and accumulation of the metal from buffer, even though it was able to accumulate potassium to normal intracellular concentrations during growth. PMID- 828026 TI - Further evidence for the electron pool hypothesis. The effect of KCN and DSPD on the photophobic reaction in the filamentous blue-green alga Phormidium uncinatum. AB - In continuation of experiments with photo-system II inhibitors [3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzo quinone] the effect of photosystem I inhibitors was studied. 1. Neither the plastocyanin inhibitor, potassium cyanide, nor the ferredoxin antagonist, disalicyliden propandiamin, markedly affected those phobic reactions which are mediated by the electron transport via photosystem II into the electron pool. 2. On the other hand those phobic reactions, which are triggered by an increased flow of electrons out of the pool, are specifically inhibited by both substances. These results are regarded as further evidence that there is only one electron pool, the level of which triggers photophobic reactions and is located in the linear electron transport chain near photosystem II. PMID- 828025 TI - Morphology and anionic polymer content in the cell wall of a glycerol-requiring mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A glycerol-requiring mutant of Bacillus subtilis formed irregular spheres and showed disturbed septum formation, when subjected to growth limitation by the supply of glycerol. Under phosphate limitation the cells were also round and developed asymmetric septa. In magnesium-limited cultures the cells contained a thickened wall, as compared with that of the parent strain grown under the same conditions. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of teichoic acid as the major anionic polymer in the wall of the glycerol-, as well as the magnesium-limited cells of the glycerol-requiring B. subtilis mutant. Under phosphate limitation teichuronic acid was the only anionic polymer present in the wall. Thus, in this respect, there were no apparent differences between mutant organisms and the parent strain when grown under magnesium and phosphate limitation, respectively and the observed morphological deviations could not be correlated with an altered anionic polymer content of the wall. PMID- 828027 TI - The fine structure of a microplate-microtubule array, microfilaments and polyhedral body associated microtubules in several species of Anabaena. AB - A microplate-microtubule array was observed in Anabaena sp. (B-378). This structure consists of an arched plate, about 8 nm thick, and various microtubules, 12 nm in diameter and 50 nm long, arranged in rows. The microtubules project at right angles from one side of the plate into the cytoplasm or towards the plasma membrane. Up to twelve microplate-microtubule arrays were observed in a single section of a cell. Microfilaments, about 2.8 nm in diameter and of undetermined length, were observed in four isolates of Anabaena. The microfilaments were always found in bundles, nwhich varied in size, up to 0.63 mum across and 0.91 mum long. Microtubules, 10 nm in diameter and about 150 nm in length, were observed associated with one facet of polyhedral bodies in 8 out of 20 isolates of Anabaena. The microtubules occurred in groups of up to 20 or more, and were always oriented with the long axis parallel to the facet of a polyhedral body. In cross section, the microtubules had an electron transparent lumen 5 nm wide and a wall 2.5 nm thick. These structures are compared to previously described microtubules and microfilaments. PMID- 828028 TI - Inactivation of allantoinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a subunit of urease. AB - Cell-free extracts prepared from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells, cultured in a medium containing allantoin as sole nsource of carbon, nitrogen and energy and harvested in the stationary phase, contain an enzymicly inactive allantoinase inhibitor complex. Pure inhibitor was isolated by dissociation of this complex followed by gelfiltration. The inhibitor had a molecular weight of about 5500 daltons. Association between inhibitor and allantoinase was demonstrated by gelfiltration and by polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. The inhibitor was unstable in the absence of 1 M urea and the inactivation was accompanied by aggregate formation and appearance of urease activity. The inhibitor was also isolated from cells containing urease but no allantoinase. It was concluded that the inhibitor is a subunit of urease. Inhibitors isolated from P. aeruginosa and P. acidovorans cells were active against both allantoinase from P. aeruginosa and allantoinase from P. acidovorans. PMID- 828029 TI - Ion metabolism in a halophilic blue-green alga, Aphanothece halophytica. AB - The intracellular ion content of the halophilic blue-green alga, Aphanthece halophytica was studied as a function of age, external sodium and external potassium concentration. Intracellular Na+ was found to be about 0.38 millimoles/g dry mass. Intracellular K+ concentrations were as high as 1 M and varied directly with external salinity. Intracellular Ca++ and Mg++ were in the range previously reported for fresh water blue-green algae despite their extremely high extracellular concentrations. Average cell size is consistent at room temperature with two exceptions. When the outside K+ is lower than 6.5 mM the cells tend to be smaller with less intracellular K+ and high Ca++. In stationary phase cultrues the cells are larger with high intracellular Mg++ and low K+. PMID- 828030 TI - Spectroscopic properties and related functions of the stigma measured in living cells of Euglena gracilis. AB - The spectroscopic properties of stigma inside green and dark-grown cells and of isolated stigma globules have been studied by means of a microspectrophotometer build in the Laboratory. On the base of these results and of the analysis of the absorption spectra of a stigma suspension, cell suspension and the cell methanolic extracts, it can be inferred that pigments localized in the stigma are free carotenoids which are not closely packed and do not show an ordered arrangement. Furthermore, the efficiency of the stigma as shading device is duscussed. PMID- 828031 TI - Accumulation, mobilization and turn-over of glycogen in the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. AB - 1. Accumulation of glycogen up to a constant amount per cell was observed during the postexponential phase of growth, in the presence of an excess of a utilizable carbon source. Cell multiplication was reproducibly controlled by growth of the organism in a nitrogen-limiting medium under photoautotrophic conditions (presence of light, air plus CO2). 2. Temporary starvation, i.e. by removal of light or by the addition to an illuminated culture of DCMU, 3-(3',4' dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethylurea, a specific inhibitor of photosystem II, lead to a mobilization of glycogen in the cell. Furthermore, Anacystis nidulans, having accumulated glycogen by virtue of preculture under nitrogen-limiting conditions, will resume cell division when the culture medium is complemented with a nitrogen source. The ability of the organism to use glycogen as an endogenous carbon source for growth was observed by addition of a nitrogen source to nitrogen-starving cells and simultaneous removal of CO2. 3. During the period of constant amount of glycogen per cell the reserve polysaccharide was subject to turnover as demonstrated with a pulse chase-labelling technique. The demonstration of a turnover--for the first time with a bacterial species- indicated a strict balance in the relative rate of synthesis and degradation. PMID- 828032 TI - [Thyroid gland function test in the child]. PMID- 828033 TI - [Tentative localization of genes important in determining the number of ovarioles in Drosophila]. PMID- 828034 TI - Compound X-chromosomes from X-rayed mature sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 828035 TI - Statistical problems connected with the sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. I. The use of the Kastenbaum-Bowman test. PMID- 828036 TI - Local treatment of thrombophlebitis with essaven gel. AB - Essaven Gel contains aescin, heparin and essential phospholipids (EPL). It was administered locally in 15 patients suffering from thrombotic inflammation of tibial superficial veins. The effect of Essaven Gel on prostaglandin synthetase activity was also studied. In 12 patients a positive result was obtained in the form of anti-inflammatory action, diminution of pain, edema, excessive warmth and flushing. The anti-inflammatory action proceeds without any participation of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 828037 TI - The effect of adrenergic system on glycogen synthetase activity in myocardium and skeletal muscle. AB - The activity of glycogen synthetase after in vivo stimulation and blockade of adrenergic receptors was determined in myocardium and skeletal muscle. Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor by means of phenylephrine was found to increase the activity of synthetase form I both in the heart and skeletal muscle. Isoprenaline decreases the synthetase form I activity in both muscles under study by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor. Adrenaline alone or administered after alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade by phenoxybenzamine acts similarly as isoprenaline. These are data at disposal that stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor produces in myocardium and skeletal muscle cells the changes responsible for the increase of anabolic processes in glycogen metabolism. PMID- 828038 TI - Duration and direction of optokinetic after-nystagmus as a function of stimulus exposure time in the monkey. AB - 1. Parameters of the optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) outlasting optokinetic stimulation were studied in monkeys. With constant pattern velocity (60 degrees/s) exposure times were varied between 2 s and 15 min. 2. All monkeys showed a primary after-nystagmus moving in the same direction (OKAN I) as the preceding optokinetic nystagmus, under all conditions tested. A secondary after nystagmus in the opposite direction (OKAN II), was only observed after exposure times of 30 s or longer. After a 15-min exposure, half of the monkeys showed an early onset of OKAN II in less than 1 min, whereas for the remaining half the transition to OKAN II occurred only after 4 min or not at all. 3. In monkeys showing an early onset of OKAN II, the duration of OKAN I decreased and the maximal slow phase velocity of OKAN II increased consistently with longer exposure times. In several instances OKAN III, moving in the same direction as OKAN I, was seen after OKAN II. 4. Monkeys in which OKAN II was late, or absent, often showed minima and additional maxima of slow phase velocity of OKAN. 5. The results are discussed in terms of two opposing mechanisms underlying the generation of OKAN and their connections to the vestibular system. PMID- 828039 TI - Distribution of cerebral degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. A clinico pathological study. AB - Seven cases of Alzheimer's disease were studied in detail from a clinical and neuropathological point of view. The degenerative process was mapped with regard to regional variations in the intensity, extent and consistency of focal accentuations. The degeneration was regularly found to be most pronounced in certain areas: maximal cortical degeneration occurred in the medial temporal (limbic) area and, in the lateral hemisphere, consistently within a field expanding from the posterior inferior temporal areas to the adjoining portions of the parieto occipital lobes. In addition, the posterior cingulate gyrus was severely involved. On the other hand certain areas were notably and consistently spared or less involved, mainly the anterior cingulate gyrus and the calcarine and central sensory motor areas (primary projection areas). The frontal lobes occupied an intermediate position, being less severely involved than is usually reported. The clinical symptoms correlated well with this pattern of degeneration. Thus groups of symptoms such as memory dysfunction, emotional and personality alterations, and some symptoms of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome, were referable to the limbic lesions. The cortical lesions of the temporo-parieto occipital association cortex correlated with the symptoms of agnosia, aphasia and apraxia, which were recorded in all cases. The relative sparing of the primary projection areas correspond well to findings of retained motility and perception even in later stages of the disease. The relative sparing of the frontal lobes and the anterior cingulate gyrus was related to the preservation of habitual personality traits. The pattern described may be related to ontogenetic features, and the tendency to focalization to the age of disease onset. The role of genetic factors and of other diseases is discussed. PMID- 828040 TI - [A case of degenerated jejunal diverticulum]. AB - Reference is made to a case of jejunal diverticulum that had perforated and degenerated in the course of time. Its manifestation had taken the form of several melaena episodes and the consequent diagnostic difficulties are described. PMID- 828042 TI - Asthma therapy - 1977. PMID- 828041 TI - Effect of mono- and bis-quaternary pyridinium oximes on the acute toxicity and on the serumcholinesterase inhibitory activity of dioxacarb, carbaryl and carbofuran. PMID- 828043 TI - [Anatomie causes of cardiac insufficiency in chronic chagasic cardiopathy (myocarditis) studied in comparison to anatomic causes of cardiac insufficiency in other cardiopathies. Part I]. PMID- 828044 TI - Differences in vitro between cells derived from periodontal ligament and skin of Macaca irus. PMID- 828045 TI - The action and uses of insulin. AB - Diabetes is a metabolic state consequent upon insulin deficiency, in which catabolism exceeds anabolism. Where anabolism cannot be restored by dietary or oral agents, insulin treatment is necessary. PMID- 828046 TI - The surface morphology and the cell cycle of mastocytoma target cells: no apparent effect on cell-mediated killing. AB - Mastocytoma cells (P-185) have been separated by velocity sedimentation into fractions which were highly enriched for cells at discrete stages of the cell cycle. By scanning electron microscopy it was shown that the surface morphology of the majority of cells in each fraction was characteristic of that fraction. No difference could be detected between isolated fractions and unfractionated cells in their ability to be lysed by cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 828047 TI - Cytotoxic T cells recognize very early, minor changes in ectromelia virus infected target cells. AB - Target cells (P-815 mastocytoma cells) infected with ectromelia virus became susceptible to lysis by H-2 compatible specific effector T cells within one hour of exposure of the cells to virus. This is long before viral progeny are produced and shed from the cell. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) profiles of the plasma membranes from infected and uninfected P-815 cells pulsed with 35S methionine for one or a few hours after infection with virus were very complex and showed no consistent differences. P-815 cells, infected with ectromelia virus in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, pactamycin, slowly became susceptible to cell mediate lysis when the pactamycin was removed. The number of polypeptide species synthesized under these conditions was reduced to only three, of molecular weights between 10,000-50,000 daltons. Specific, newly synthesized membrane components recognized by mouse convalescent sera were isolated by immune complexing and examined by PAGE. Six polypeptide bands were seen, the major one correlating with one observed in the pactamycin experiment. The results suggested that the convalescent serum recognized both viral and host cell coded antigens. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 828048 TI - Growth and immune function in Aboriginal children during recovery from malnutrition and infection. AB - The clinical, nutritional progress and immunological changes of 30 Aboriginal children admitted to the Alice Springs Hospital with malnutrition and infection, and 11 adequately nourished children admitted with acute infection were studied. The initial toxic phase of infection lasted from six to 21 days during which the mean weight velocity of malnourished children averaged 8-8 g/kg/day. The subsequent period of nutritional rehabilitation was accompanied by a slower weight velocity of 3-7 g/kg/day up to a body weight at discharge of approximately 80% standard weight for age. The principal clinical form of malnutrition was moderate protein calorie malnutrition of marasmic type. All children showed laboratory evidence of persistent immunological stimulation with leukocytosis, elevated numbers of T and B lymphoid cells, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rates and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia. These findings were not significantly changed by short-term antibiotic therapy and nutritional rehabilitation and may indicate an underlying defect resulting in the high rate of reinfection and readmission of these children. PMID- 828049 TI - Infection and serological responses in cattle given 45/20 vaccine and later challenged with Brucella abortus. AB - One of 2 groups of 15 non-pregnant cows was vaccinated twice 6 weeks apart by the subcutaneous route with a killed adjuvant 45/20 vaccine. At the time of the first vaccination a bull was introduced for a period of 14 weeks. All animals were challenged with 1.5 x 10(7) Brucella abortus organisms given into the conjunctival sac 18 weeks after the second vaccination of the vaccinated group. The largest lesions at the site of vaccination (8 cm diam.) were seen 2 weeks after inoculation. Small lesions were still visible in 8 animals 1 year after vaccination. There was no appreciable serological response to the first vaccination. After the second vaccination some animals gave low positive titres, but all were serologically negative after 10 weeks. After challenge the highest complement fixation and standard agglutination tests were given by animals in the non-vaccinated group. Serum samples from 5 animals (2 vaccinated and 3 not vaccinated) showed a prozone effect at low dilution in the complement fixation test. In the non-vaccinated group 9 of the 15 cows became pregnant, 7 of which had weak calves or aborted and were shown to be infected with Br. abortus. The other 2, of which 1 was serologically positive, reared normal calves. Of the 10 vaccinated cows that became pregnant, 8 reared calves, 1 had a weak calf and the other aborted. These 2 cows and 1 other were infected. Considering the 11 infected pregnant animals 9 or 80 percent, lost their calves. The number of surviving calves was significantly higher in the vaccinated group indicating that the use of this 45/20 vaccine has considerable economic benefit. In each group 3 of the non-pregnant animals were infected. PMID- 828051 TI - The ommochrome biosynthetic pathway in Drosophila melanogaster: the head particulate phenoxazinone synthase and the developmental onset of xanthommatin synthesis. AB - Particulate fractions from the heads of Drosophila melanogaster catalyze the conversion of o-aminophenols to phenoxazinones. This particulate enzyme is stimulated by Mn2+. It has a number of features which distinguish it clearly from the Mn2+-dependent activity found in the soluble fraction. The particulate enzyme has a characteristic developmental pattern, showing a marked increase in activity at about the time of onset of xanthommatin synthesis. In addition, it is much reduced in activity in a number of xanthommatin-deficient mutants (v, cn, st, cd, and w). We believe that the head particulate enzyme is involved in xanthommatin biosynthesis and that the developmental onset of synthesis of this pigment is brought about by the synthesis or activation of this enzyme. PMID- 828050 TI - Genetic control of soluble NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Experiments utilizing standard techniques of cell fractionation and disc electrophoresis have revealed the presence of three distinctly different enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of D-sorbitol in crude extracts of Drosophila melanogaster adults. These include (1) a soluble NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SoDHS), (2) a mitochondrial NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SoDHm), and (3) a soluble NADP-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NADP-SoDH). The structural gene for NAD-SoDHS has been mapped to a locus between 65.3 and 65.6 on the third chromosome by means of an electrophoretic variant and a low-activity allele. Through the use of segmental aneuploidy, this gene has been localized to the region limited by salivary bands 91B-93F. Because mutants which alter either the activity or electrophoretic effect on the mitochondrial or NADP-dependent forms, it is suggested that the enzymes in this system are coded for autonomously by different genes. PMID- 828052 TI - Effects of the Bgs locus on mouse beta-galactosidase. AB - The Bgs locus determines tissue levels of beta-galactosidase in the mouse, so that enzyme levels are twice as high in mice carrying the Bgsh allele as in mice carrying the Bgsd allele (Felton et al., 1974). By immunotitration with antiserum to purified beta-galactosidase, we have found that the Bgs locus influences the amount of enzyme protein present in the tissues. We have utilized recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice to confirm the location of the Bgs locus on chromosome 9. The inhibition of mouse beta galactosidase by the active-site-directed reagent N-bromoacetyl-beta-D galactosylamine has been investigated. beta-Galactosidase from the high and low Bgs strains has identical affinity for this inhibitor. PMID- 828053 TI - Biological role of alcohol dehydrogenase in the tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to aliphatic alochols: utilization of an ADH-null mutant. AB - The toxicity of the first eight primary alcohols and of four secondary alcohols was compared in a wild-type strain (having active ADH) and an ADH-negative mutant. Differences between LC50 measured in the two strains allowed an evaluation of the biological activity of the enzyme. In vitro, ADH is mainly active on secondary alcohols, while in vivo its main role is the detoxification and metabolism of ethanol. These observations suggest that originally ADH was involved in unknown metabolic pathways and that its utilization in ethanol metabolism could be a recent event. PMID- 828054 TI - Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and choline transport in the anaerobic protozoon Entodinium caudatum. AB - Choline accumulation and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis were investigated in the choline-requiring anaerobic protozoon Entodinium caudatum by incubating whole cells or subcellular fractions with [14C] choline, phosphoryl [14C] choline and CDP-[14C] choline. 2. All membrane fractions contained choline kinase (EC 2.7.1.32) and CDP-choline-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2), although the specific activities were less in the cell-envelope fraction. Choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15) was limited to the supernatant, and this enzyme was rate-limiting for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the whole cell. 3. Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from free choline by membranes was only possible in the presence of supernatant. Such reconstituted systems required ATP (2.5 mM), CTP (1 mM) and Mg2+ (5 mM) for maximum synthesis of the phospholipid. CTP and Mg2+ were absolute requirements. 4. Hemicholinium-3 prevented choline uptake by the cells and was strongly inhibitory towards choline kinase; the other enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis were minimally affected. 5. Ca2+ ions (0.5 mM) substantially inhibited CDP-choline-1,2 diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase in the presence of 15 mM-Mg2+, but choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase were less affected. 6. No free choline could be detected intact cells even after short (10-180s) incubations or at temperatures down to 10 degrees C. The [14C] choline entering was mainly present as phosphorylcholine and to a lesser extent as phosphatidylcholine. 7. It is suggested that choline kinase effectively traps any choline within the cell, thus ensuring a supply of the base for future growth. At low choline concentrations the activity of choline kinase is rate-limiting for choline uptake, and the enzyme might possibly play an active role in the transport phenomenon. Thus the choline uptake by intact cells and choline kinase have similar Km values and show similar responses to temperature and hemicholinium-3. PMID- 828055 TI - The conjugation of tyramine with sulphate by liver and intestine of different animals. AB - Tyramine was conjugated with sulphate by extracts of monkey intestine and livers of monkey, rat, mouse, guinea pig and man. The activity measured in monkey intestine was almost three times that of monkey liver. Labelled tyramine sulphate synthesized from [14C] tyramine, [3H] tyramine or Na235SO4, on acid hydrolysis, released its radioactive precursor. Liver extracts of monkey, rat, mouse and guinea pig synthesized respectively 145,66,21 and 6 pmol of [14C] tyramine sulphate/min per mg of protein. Except with the monkey, intestine exhibited very low activity. trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was added as a routine to the enzyme preparation, as its omission resulted in the production of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in appreciable amounts. This oxidative deamination of tyramine, however, did not decrease the sulpho-conjugation of tyramine. The low Km (9.1 muM) of sulphotransferase for tyramine is probably responsible. PMID- 828056 TI - Mechanism of prostaglandin biosynthesis in rabbit kidney medulla. A rate-limiting step and the differential stimulatory actions of L-adrenaline and glutathione. AB - Microsomal prostaglandin synthase (EC 1.14.99.1) from rabbit kidney medulla was assayed with [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H]-and [1-14C]-arachidonic acid as the substrate. The ratios of prostaglandin F2 alpha to prostaglandin E2 and to prostaglandin D2 were determined by both 3H and 14C labelling. When 3H was used as a label the ratios were much higher than with 14C labelling indicating that the removal of hydrogen at C-9 or C-11 was the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 or prostaglandin D2. This finding shows that the octatritiated arachidonic acid is not the appropriate substrate marker for studying the regulation of the synthesis of different prostaglandins by various agents. When the enzyme assay was carried out in the presence of SnCL2, which was capable of accumulating exclusively prostaglandin F2alpha at the expenses of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2, the addition of L-adrenaline to the microsomal fraction either alone or with reduced glutathione equally stimulated the formation of prostaglandin F2alpha, whereas the addition of reduced glutathione to the microsomal fraction either alone or with L-adrenaline produced no additional effect. These results suggest that endoperoxide is formed as the common intermediate for the biosynthesis of three different prostaglandins in rabbit kidney medulla, and that L-adrenaline stimulates the synthesis of endoperoxide, whereas reduced glutathione facilitates the formation of prostaglandins from endoperoxide. PMID- 828057 TI - [Quantitative determination of D and E fibrinogen fragments using electroimmunodiffusion]. AB - An immunochemical method for the quantitative determination of D and E fibrinogen degradation products has been studied; the use of a new type of agarose-gel is suggested, in order to obtain a sensitivity in the nanograms range. PMID- 828058 TI - [IgA-IgG-IgM serum levels in blood donors. Examination of some variables]. AB - IgA, IgG and IgM serum levels in 603 normal blood donors (510 males and 93 females) have been calculated by the method of single radial immunodiffusion. In every immunoglobulin class the normal values and other important statistical parameters have been determined. Several statistical examinations have been executed to test the influence of some factors as sex, weight, age and number of blood donations on IgA, IgG and IgM serum levels. PMID- 828059 TI - Enhancement of animal viruses growth on RK13 cells pretreated with 6-azauridine. AB - In these experiments a technique for enhancing the virus replication in tissue culture (RK13 cells) has been used. The method consisted in growing the cells in presence of mug 0.4-0.8 of 6-Azauridine/ml of cellular suspension until the monolayers were formed. This pretreatment enhances the replication of several animal viruses with increased infectious titers (vesicular stomatitis, equine arteritis, equine rhinopneumonitis, Aujeszky disease and myxomatosis virus) and with increased yield of total virus in the culture (myxomatosis virus). In other experiment the 6-Azauridine pretreatment of the cells has shown to render the cells more susceptible to interferon preparation action with subsequent high rate of vesicular stomatitis virus plaques reduction. PMID- 828060 TI - Histopathological studies on dog lymphoid structures during malnutrition and total parenteral nutrition. AB - Lymphoid tissues of six malnourished dogs were histologically evaluated and compared to the same lymphoid structures of dogs nutritionally repleted by means of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The results show that thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches are markedly atrophic and severely cell depleted in malnourished dogs, and provide evidence that subsequent TPN therapy stimulates and supports lymphoid cell prolipheration, leading to cell repopulation of previously depleted lymphoid structures. PMID- 828061 TI - [Regulation of aspartate-ammonia-lyase (aspartase) biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens]. AB - Variations in aspartasic activity in various media are due to aspartate-ammonium lyase induction and to regulation of the biosynthesis of this enzyme. Evidence for neosynthesis of the enzyme is provided by labelling and separation of the protein. The inducer appears to be aspartic acid. The biosynthesis is subject to pronounced catabolic repression. The physiological function of aspartate-ammonium lyase is discussed. PMID- 828062 TI - Natural antibodies and immune antibodies of human ABO blood group system. AB - Sera of normal and isoimmunized persons genotype OO and A1O were fractionated to separate the three main immunoglobulin components IgG, IgM, and IgA from each other. The anti-B activity was measured in every fraction and individual serum. The results indicate that the natural anti-B antibodies are of IgM molecular type, contrasting with the immune anti-B antibodies which are IgM, IgG and eventually IgA. The restriction to the IgM class and other data previously reported are discussed in relation to the origin of the natural antibodies of the human ABO blood group system. PMID- 828063 TI - Coagulation in the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus: attempts to identify a fibrinogen-like factor in the hemolymph. AB - 1. A series of tests were conducted to determine whether or not the hemolymph of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus contains a plasma coagulation factor. 2. The total protein amount is higher in the plasma than in the serum. 3. Serum and plasma do not exhibit similar electrophoretic banding patterns. Plasma contains one band or a series of supplementary fractions with a high molecular weight. 4. Electrophoregrams of plasmatic clottable extract, obtained by the classical methods employed in crustacean serology, show a main fraction or a series of polymers with the same electrophoretic behavior as the additional fractions seen on the plasma pattern. 5. This solution clots when treated with CaCl2 and a cellular extract. 6. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrates the presence of a clottable protein precipitate line in plasma, but this protein also gives a very faint similar line in serum. PMID- 828064 TI - 5' nucleotidase activity in leukaemic lymphocytes. AB - The enzyme 5' nucleotidase (E.C.3.1.3.5.) is present in lymphocytes isolated from the blood of normal subjects. The activity was extremely low in lymphocytes from 17 patients with B lymphocytic leukaemias. Removal of normal lymphocytes from the B-cell leukaemic samples decreased further the enzyme activity. Moderately low values were observed in three cases of T-ALL and in the cells from a case of Sezary syndrome. In contrast, normal or high values were observed in three cases of ALL in which T and B markers were not demonstrable and in two of T-CLL. No differences were observed in partially purified subpopulations of normal B and T cells. PMID- 828065 TI - Nutritional and clinical aspects of parenteral nutrition in pigs irradiated on the abdomen with supralethal doses. AB - Nutritional balances of nitrogen and minerals (sodium potassium, calcium, phosphorus) were established in 10 pigs of 40 kg receiving a continuous parenteral nutrition supplying a daily amount of 1500 ml containing 1500 kcal and 2.2-5.4 g of protein, and in addition, 2 liters of water per day. The balances were recorded for 5 days in the animals used as controls and for 9 days in those irridated with 1000 rd in the median plane. This dose represents the inferior limit for appearence of the gastrointestinal syndrome in this species. The irradiated subjects seemed to be able to use a relatively high supply of energy and protein. Water and nitrogen balances were easy to obtain with respect to sodium, potassium and calcium, whereas the deficiency in phosphorus was difficult to compensate for through the intravenous route only. PMID- 828066 TI - [Nitrogen sparing effect of fatty emulsions during parenteral feeding of white rats with thyrotoxicosis]. AB - A study was made of the nitrogen-protective action of fat emulsions (intralipid and lipidine) in parenteral administration of caseine hydrolysate to 65 rats with thyrotoxicosis. When caseine hydrolysate was used in combination with fat emulsions and physiological metabolic regulators the level of free amino acids in the blood and tissues (the skeletal muscle, the heart and the liver) proved to decrease; the weight of the animals rose. PMID- 828067 TI - [Dendroarchitectonic study of the pyramidal cells of the medial frontal cortex of the macaca]. AB - A comparative study of "normal" and "improperly oriented" pyramidal cells has been performed in the medial frontal lobe cortex of the monkey (Macacus Irus). The comparison of the observed number of topological types for each group of dendrites shows that the apical dendrites of each type of cells have a different growth. The apical dendrites of the normal pyramidal cells grow by monochotomous branching on random segments and have much more spines on the first order segments, the apical dendrites of the improperly oriented pyramidal cells grow by branching on pendant arcs (terminal growth model), and have fewer spines. The functional signification of these differences remains actually obscure. PMID- 828068 TI - [Comparative study of the dorso-medial nucleus of the inferior colliculus]. AB - The comparative study by network analysis of the dorso-median nucleus of the inferior colliculus has been performed in the adult and new born cat, the adult rat and the adult monkey. For each animal, the two previously recognized types of cells have been identified. However the number of each type of cells is different. The 2 order cells have the same volume in the rat, the adult cat and the monkey. The 3 order cells are larger in the monkey and the cat than in the rat. The number and the volume of the different types of cells is similar in the ventro-lateral nucleus of the adult cat and in the dorso-medial nucleus of the new born cat. PMID- 828069 TI - Photodechlorination of PCB's in the presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspensions. PMID- 828070 TI - Intestinal absorption and distribution of decachlorbiphenyl in rats and chicks. PMID- 828071 TI - The apparent buffer value of cerebrospinal fluid in acute hypercapnia. AB - Buffer mechanism of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) against acute hypercapnia was studied in eighteen dogs. The dynamic response of CSF to a stepwise change of CO2 concentration in inspired gas (room air -- 6% CO2 -- 12% CO2) was observed in eleven dogs, maintaining each condition for two hours. The changes in CSF acidity were less than that in arterial blood, while increases of bicarbonate ion concentration [HCO3-] in CSF were more prominent. Apparent buffer values, delta[HCO3-]/deltapH, were calculated from the results in different levels of CO2 breathing : they were 22.7 slykes from room air to 6% CO2 (step 1), and 39.7 slykes from 6% to 12% CO2 (step 2). Similar experiments were performed in seven dogs, suppressing carbonic anhydrase activity by systemic administration of acetazolamide. Apparent buffer values of CSF were 14.4 slykes in step 1 and 16.0 slykes in step 2. From the result we conclude : 1) that the activity of buffer mechanism of CSF in respiratory acidosis is PCO2 dependent and becomes stronger when PCO2 of CSF increases ; 2) for the explanation of this characteristic buffer mechanism of CSF, participation of carbonic anhydrase is suggested for transport mechanism of bicarbonate ion into CSF. PMID- 828072 TI - Metabolism of tocopherols in model systems--lipooxygenase, unsaturated fatty acids and their esters. PMID- 828073 TI - Mutagenicity of carcinogenic azo dyes and their derivatives. AB - The mutagenicity of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene and N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and their derivatives was shown on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. S-9 Mix, obtained from rat liver after injection of polychlorinated biphenyl, was abligatory for their mutagenic action. N-Acetoxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and N benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and their 4'-methoxycarbonyl derivatives were also mutagenic on TA100 and TA98 and did not require metabolic activation by S-9 Mix. It is suggested that the carcinogenic effects of azo dyes may involve modification of DNA. PMID- 828074 TI - Carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats of N-nitroso-N-alkylcarbamate esters. AB - Nitrosocarbaryl, nitroso-N-methylurethane and nitroso-N-ethylurethane were administered by gavage in olive oil solution to groups of 12 female Sprague Dawley rats. The dose was 0.2 ml of 0.11 M solution once a week for 10 weeks, a total dose of 0.22 mmol. The rats given nitrosocarbaryl survived longer, but had as high an incidence of tumors (75%) as did rats given nitrosomethylurethane. Most of the tumors induced were invasive squamous carcinomas of the stomach. Nitrosoethylurethane appeared to be a little more potent than nitrosomethylurethane; all 12 animals in this group had squamous stomach tumors at death. A higher total dose of nitrosocarbaryl, 1.3 mmol, given to male rats twice weekly for 20 weeks did not produce a higher incidence of stomach tumors than did thelower dose in females, although the males died earlier with tumors. PMID- 828075 TI - Carcinogenicity in rats of high oral doses of N-nitroso-carbaryl, a nitrosated pesticide. AB - N-Nitrosocarbaryl was administered orally to 31 male Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 130 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) twice weekly. Of the treated animals 29% died with squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach after an average inductiom time of 167 days. The first carcinoma was observed as early as 63 days after the beginning of the experiment. In addition, 19% of the treated animals died with hyperkeratoses and 6% with papillomas in the forestomach. In contrast to the untreated controls, which had a normal life expectancy, treated animals had a very short life span due to high cumulative toxicity and the early appearance of tumors. PMID- 828076 TI - Molecular electrostatic potentials: a new approach to the study of the metabolic and carcinogenic activities of hydrocarbons. AB - The electrostatic potentials of a group of aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined and have revealed that each molecule possesses several regions of negative potential, which would attract an approaching electrophile. These regions include all those portions of the molecules at which major amounts of metabolic products are found. While the K-regions of the hydrocarbons studied are invariably quite negative, the magnitudes of their potentials do not correlate with the molecules' carcinogenic potencies. The presence of other strong negative regions in addition to the K-region, especially in the more active molecules, suggests that some of these others may participate in the carcinogenic process. tof particular interest is the possibility that the significant negative potentials that have been found to be associated with many CH3 and CH2 groups may play such a role, Perhaps two or more negative regions are involved in hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. PMID- 828077 TI - In vitro transformation of hamster chondrocytes by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - Hamster sternal chondrocytes were transfored morphologically in vitro 29-51 days after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide for 3 h. The transformed chondrocytes were randomly oriented, piled up and grew continuously. These cells produced nodules when transferred to the cheek pouch of a hamster. Histologically, these nodules revealed chondromatous patterns. Untreated cells in the control cultures failed to produce nodules. PMID- 828079 TI - The first nucleotide sequence of an organelle transfer RNA: chloroplastic tRNAphe. AB - The primary sequence of phenylalanine tRNA (tRNAphe) from the chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis has been determined: pG-C-U-G-G-G-A-U-A-G-C-U-C-A-G-D-U-G-Gm U(U)-A-G-A-G-C-G-G-A-G-G-A-C-U-G-A-A-A-A-PSI-C-C-U-U-G-U-m7G-Py-C-A-C-C-A-G-T-psi C-A-A-A-U-C-U-G-G-U-U-C-C-U-A-G-C-A-C-C-A. This represents the first nucleotide sequence determined for an organelle tRNA. As do all other tRNAPhes thus far sequenced, chloroplastic tRNAPhe contains 76 nucleotides. Both in the nature of its modified nucleotides and in its sequence (although the sequence of all known tRNAPhes is quite similar), chloroplastic tRNAPhe more closely resembles procaryotic tRNAPhes than it resembles those from the cytoplasm of eucaryotes. There are eight positions in the tRNAPhe molecule where nucleotides are invariant in procaryotes but differ from invariant nucleotides in eucaryotes; at five of these positions, chloroplastic tRNAPhe is similar to procaryotes. The possible evolutionary significance of this intermediate type of structure is discussed. PMID- 828078 TI - Effect of some rifamycin derivatives on chemically-induced mammary tumors in rats. AB - Five rifamycin derivatives have been compared for their effectiveness in inhibiting chemically-induced mammary tumours in rats. Daily oral administration of DMB (dimethylbenzyl-desmethylrifampicin), starting 2 weeks before the carcinogen challenge, was the most effective, both in inhibiting or delaying the onset of tumours and in slowing the growth of those that occurred. The inhibitory effects of rifampin, dirifampin, RC-16(rifazacyclo16) and R-82) were less than those of DMB when administered by the same route at the same dose level. PMID- 828080 TI - Studies on carcinogenic azo dyes. VII. Changes in the hepatic activities of 3'-Me DAB metabolism by rat, mouse, and hamster during the repeated administration of 3'-Me-DAB. PMID- 828081 TI - [Observations on prostaglandins E 1 and E 2 and the Ringer-Tettuccio effect on the isolated intestine]. PMID- 828082 TI - [Hepatolenticular degeneration: biochemical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 828083 TI - Steroid contraceptives in non-human primates (I). Metabolic fate of synthetic estrogens in the baboon before exposure to oral contraceptives. PMID- 828084 TI - The effectiveness in rhesus monkeys of an antifertility vaccine based on neutralization of chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 828085 TI - A ten-year survey of bacteriuria in the Osaka university hospital. AB - 10 consecutive years of observation of the laboratory data of quantitative urinary bacterial culture in the Central Clinical Laboratory of Osaka University Hospital was made. The marked rise of Pseudomonas and other Enterobacteriaceae was clearly demonstrated. The difference in bacterial species in bacteriuria between inpatients and outpatients strongly suggests that the origin of infection was quite different. The disappearance of Staph. aureus as a causative agent was also demonstrated. PMID- 828086 TI - Reassessment of selectivity index in nephrotic syndrome with special reference to the clinical significance of a small-molecular IgG fraction in the urine. AB - The selective index O and the transR IgG have been valuable in clinical use, but they do not appear to always correctly reflect the GBM sieving effect on plasma protein and thus do not correctly predict the response to steroids. We applied a new technique to 22 nephrotic patients with the following results. (a) Fragments of IgG molecules (M-IgG, MW 5-10 X 10(4); S-IgG, MW 1-5 X 10(4)) were present in the urine in addition to normal IgG (L-IgG). These fragments were immunologically identical with the intact IgG molecule and therefore, could falsely portray GMB permeability. (b) The data strongly suggest that the S-IgG fragment found in the nephrotic urine is the IgG-Fc fragment present in increased amounts in such urine. (c) IgG L/S shows a positive correlation with O and transR IgG and can be used as a new and better selectivity index of GBM permeability. This, in turn, may provide a more accurate means of predicting the response to steroid therapy. For example, in the cases we analyzed, the transR IgG and O were incorrect in 31.9% and 22.7%, respectively, whereas with our new method they were incorrect in only 13.6%. PMID- 828087 TI - Lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins: detection, characterization, and occurrence in disease of the lymphoid system. AB - Surface immunoglobulins (Igs) of lymphocytes are of considerable interest because these molecules probably function as receptors for antigen, and knowledge of their molecular properties should provide information on the mechanisms of immune differentiation. The density and types of surface Ig on a cell provide markers useful in indicating the class of a lymphocyte and its stage of maturity. Moreover, knowledge of the specificities of the surface Ig of neoplastic lymphocytes might suggest the nature of agents involved in the generation of the disease. Two broad classes of lymphocytes, bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) active in antibody secretion, and thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) which mediate cellular immune reactions, and their subpopulations must be considered with reference to the nature, origin, and function of their surface immunoglobulin. This article analyzes direct and indirect methods for the demonstration of surface Igs and describes certain physicochemical properties of isolated surface Ig molecules. Roles of these surface molecules in recognition of antigen, initiation of all differentiation, and cooperation among lymphocytes and accessory cells are discussed. PMID- 828088 TI - What's new about warts. PMID- 828089 TI - Asymptomatic gonorrhea. AB - The results of our studies showed that: 1. Asymptomatic gonorrhea occurred in about 70% of infected women, and in 10 to 15% of infected men; 2. Asymptomatic rectal gonorrhea occurred in 15% of those women with positive cervical cultures, and in 20% of infected women was the sole site of a positive culture; 3. The rectal site should be examined for N. gonorrhoeae both in diagnosis and in testing for cure; 4. Pharyngeal gonorrhea occurred in 22% of patients who were named as gonorrhea contacts and practiced fellatio. In 13% of this group (four cases) the pharynx was the only site of a positive culture. PMID- 828090 TI - Method of identification of the Sarcoptes scabiei. PMID- 828091 TI - Treatment of asthma with cromolyn and corticosteroids. PMID- 828092 TI - Lupus vulgaris: recovery of living tubercle bacilli 35 years after onset. AB - Recovery of living tubercle bacilli in a lesion of 35 years' duration is intriguing if not novel, and creates many possible rationalizations relative to the relentless progressive course of lupus vulgaris. That the histopathological picture is not always diagnostic is exemplified in this case. PMID- 828093 TI - Psoriasis: clinical aspects and management. PMID- 828094 TI - Mg2+-dependent stabilization during triton X-100 extraction of Spirostomum followed by calcium reactivation. AB - The contractility in the ciliate Spirostomum is regulated by the action of Ca2+ on organized arrays of 60 A microfilaments and microtubules. Contractile cell models of the Protozoa were prepared by treatment with a calcium-free EGTA buffered medium with 0.02% triton X-100 and 20 mMMgCl2. Extracted cells were made to contract when calcium was buffered to greater than 10-5M. Ca2+ removal in the presence of ATP resulted in partial re-extension. The results suggest that the high concentration of Mg2+ functionally stabilizes the contractile elements during extraction. Ca2+ activation can overcome the Mg2+ effect only when the ratio of Mg2+:Ca2+ is less than 10(3). PMID- 828096 TI - Destroying snails by storing water within low embankments. A summary of mass experience in Schistosomiasis control. PMID- 828095 TI - Chromosomal evolution in Malagasy lemurs. I. Chromosome banding studies in the genuses Lemur and Micrcebus. AB - The successive use of several banding methods permitted us to compare the karyotypes of six Malagasy lemurs: Microcebus murinus, Lemur fulvus fulvus, L. f. collaris, L. f. albocollaris, L. macaco, and L. mongoz. A correspondence can be found among all clearly identifiable chromosomes. Based on rearrangements of some of the chromosomes, the karyotype of M. murinus seems to be closest to that of the hypothetical common ancestor. The karyotype of L. f fulvus, which is nearly identical to that of M. murinus, gives rise to those of other forms by several rearrangements. PMID- 828097 TI - How I treated chronic osteomyelitis with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine. PMID- 828098 TI - Establishment of a cell line from human esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 828099 TI - Field trial on control of bancroftian filariasis using common salt medicated with diethylcarbamazine. PMID- 828100 TI - Effects of immunization with live mumps vaccine administered by nasal spraying and atomization. PMID- 828101 TI - Simultaneous atrial and A-V junctional tachycardia. PMID- 828102 TI - [Intrasplenic transplantation of the pancreatic islets (isografts in diabetic mice)]. PMID- 828103 TI - [Jejunal diverticula of the opening of the anastomosis of a gastroenterostomy revealed by a digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 828104 TI - Effect of plasmapheresis on the blood cells of RH(-) donors immunized with RH(+) blood. PMID- 828105 TI - The relevance of recent animal studies for the development of treatment procedures for alcoholics. PMID- 828106 TI - Long-term methamphetamine induced changes in brain catecholamines in tolerant rhesus monkeys. PMID- 828107 TI - Aging and the central nervous system. AB - This review of the literature on aging and the central nervous system attempts to cover the basic perameters investigated at both human and infrahuman levels for the better part of the last century. The results have indicated that there is a rather considerable lack of consistency in the data both within the frame of reference of a single species, and with regard to intraspecies comparisons. We have suggested that possible reasons for the contradictory findings would rest upon variability in techniques employed but, perhaps more importantly, on the failure of investigators in this area to standardize terminology. It is suggested that such a standardization might well be one of the more useful things to be accomplished in order to facilitate the interpretation of future work. The literature review first dealt with gross, i.e., macroscopic changes in brain morphology that could correlate with age, and then covered changes at the microscopic level. Finally, a brief review of the literature with regard to the biochemistry of aging was carried out. Implications of the data were noted where appropriate. PMID- 828108 TI - [Effect of stimulation and destruction of the hypothalamus on the electrical activity of the heart]. PMID- 828109 TI - [Pulmonary surfactant and external respiration during hypothalamic stimulation]. PMID- 828110 TI - [Influence of long-term lactation on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumor (author's transl)]. AB - Female rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were mated 60 days after a single intravenous injection with 5 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. In order to maintain the lactation for more than 3 weeks, 5 pups (5 to 10 days old) were attached to each mother rat throughout the experiment. Experimental rats were divided into 6 groups: 1. non-lactation (4 rats); 2. 3-week lactation (8 rats); 3. 6-week lactation (10 rats); 4. 8-week lactation (7 rats); 5. 12-week lactation (9 rats); and 6. 17-week lactation (4 rats). Lactating condition was judged from the body weight curves of the 5 pups. The appearance, number and diameter of tumors were recorded every day. The average of the tumor induction time was 140+/ 74 days. The tumors were divided into 3 types: 1. progressive; 2. static; and 3. regressive. During pregnancy few tumors of the regressive type were noted. However, tumors of the progressive type increased significantly with the weeks of pregnancy. In the first week postpartum, although the total number of tumors was approximately the same as in the last week of pregnancy, the tumors of the progressive type decreased significantly and the tumors of the regressive type increased. In this period most tumors showed a tendency to regress. In the non lactating group, the tumors of the progressive type began to increase from the fifth to seventh week postpartum without relation to the lactating period (3 to 17 weeks). Vaginal smears were examined every day in all mother rats to determine the recurrence of the estrous cycle. The first estrus appeared 7 days on an average after delivery in the non-lactating group; 27 days on an average in the 3 week lactation group; and 35 to 38 days on an average in the 6- to 17-week lactation groups. Under the condition of high prolactin level, the behavior of the tumors of the progressive type seemed to be related to estrogen. This was also supported by histological findings in the ovaries. PMID- 828111 TI - [Measurement of rat plasma and pituitary TSH levels by radioimmunoassay and its application to the study of TSH secretion with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy, cold exposure, synthetic TRH and aging (author's transl)]. AB - Radioimmunoassay of rat TSH was established with purified rat TSH for iodination, standard rat TSH and anti-rat TSH supplied by NIAMDD. Iodination of rat TSH was performed with the method of Greenwood et al. This assay was successful in application to determine the plasma and pituitary TSH level in rats. In this assay the minimum detectable level was 10 ng/tube of NIAMD-Rat TSH-RP-1. Neither rat GH, prolactin, LH, nor synthetic ACTH interferred with the binding of rat TSH to anti-rat TSH. The recovery rate of TSH added to rat plasma was 80-114%. Intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.45-7.83% and 3.14 11.33% respectively. Plasma TSH level was 0.47+/-0.04 mug/ml in intact male adult rats and 0.35+/-0.03 mug/ml in pentobarbital-anesthetized ones. Plasma and pituitary TSH levels after thyroidectomy were investigated every second day during 2 weeks. The former gradually elevated until 2 weeks after operation, while the latter, 290+/-30 mug/mg gland before thyroidectomy, were reduced to 70+/-21 mug/mg gland on the 4th postoperative day, and thereafter restored to a certain degree. The changes of plasma TSH level immunoassayed in thyroidectomized rats paralleled those obtained by the bioassay within their detectable ranges. Cold exposure for 60 minutes at 0+/-1 degrees C resulted in the increasing plasma TSH from 0.35+/-0.05 mug/ml to 0.97+/-0.06 mug/ml. After the cessation of cold exposure, plasma TSH levels were restored to the resting levels within 60 minutes. Intravenous administration of synthetic TRH over the range from 0.5 ng to 500 ng resulted in a rapid plasma TSH increment with peak response between 6 and 12 minutes. Minimum effective dose of TRH on TSH release was 0.5 ng. The effect of aging was examined, revealing that plasma TSH levels were 0.35+/-0.03 mug/ml and 0.74+/-0.07 mug/ml at 7-9 weeks and 120-150 weeks after birth respectively, while pituitary TSH were 292+/-17 mug/mg gland and 66+/-13 mug/mg gland in the corresponding week with age respectively. TRH-induced TSH response in the aged rats was attenuated and delayed. PMID- 828112 TI - [Level of antibodies against Leptospira in sera of dogs in Gdansk]. PMID- 828113 TI - [EEG during an epileptic attack in a male Macaca nemestrina (L. 1766)]. PMID- 828114 TI - Changes in shape, ossification and quality of bones in children with spina bifida. AB - Changes in the cross-sectional shape, size, bone mass and amount of unmineralised osteoid tissue were studied in 17 dissected tibiae from spina-bifida babies who died with paralysis and foot deformities and in 14 tibiae from non-spina bifida controls of matching age. In addition, 12 tibiae from young experimental rats with myotomy of foot dorsiflexors and foot plantiflexors were double-labelled with bone-seeking markers and studied in order to find the role of experimental muscle imbalance in the dynamic remodelling of the developing long bones. It was found that in tibiae from spina-bifida children with paralysis the total area of cortical bone, its thickness, number of Haversian systems and number of large remodelling cavities are diminished. Significant changes in the cross-sectional shape of the midshaft of the tibia were found, ranging from the triangular shape seen in normal babies and in those with spina bifida and calcaneus-type foot deformity, to the circular shape of tibiae from babies with spina-bifida paralysis and no foot deformity or with spina bifida and equinovarus-type of deformity. Results of experimental myotomy on growing rats showed the direct influence of working muscles on the remodelling process of growing tibiae. On the side of myotomy the flat cortex resumed a bulging convex shape and the centre of gravity shifted towards the myotomised side. These principles cannot on their own explain the specific changes in the shape of human tibiae found during anatomical studies. There is, however, a common denominator in these apparently contradictory findings. This is the combined action of two factors previously reported: the combination of paralysis of the growing limb and mechanical intra uterine pressure acting on it. The findings in the present study also indicate that they played a major role in the production of deformities. The total amount of osteoid tissue in spina-bifida paralysed bone is increased. This delay of mineralisation of newly laid-down bone matrix would lead to softening of the new bone matrix and osteoid-rich subepiphyseal and metaphyseal regions. This 'paralytic rickets', together with the diminished total bone mass found, could probably be the cause of the common spina-bifida fractures in these regions. PMID- 828115 TI - [Effects of short-term and long-term (5 years) administration of a new preparation for the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 828116 TI - Effect of a nitrofuran derivative (AF2) on the immune response of mice. AB - The effect of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2), which had been widely used in Japan as a food preservative, on the immune response of mice was analyzed, since the drug has been known to reveal very potent mutagenicity but fairly weak carcinogenicity. Although AF-2 suppressed the primary immune response of mice under limited experimental conditions, in general, it augmented the immune response of mice, especially the production of immunological memory. It was found by hapten-carrier system that activities of both the T-cell lineage and the B-cell lineage were enhanced by the administration of AF-2, but the activation of the T-cell lineage seemed to be primary because the chemical did not affect the response of mice to a T cell-independent antigen epsilon-2,4 dinitrophenyl-L-lysyl-dextran T2000 (DNP50-dextran T2000). AF-2 did not prevent the suppressive effect of 7,12-dimethylbenza[a]anthracene (DMBA) on the immune response but it suppressed both the primary and the memory production in concert with DMBA, suggesting that the augmenting effect of AF-2 on the T-cell lineage may be in a different way from that of immunopotentiators such as lentinan. PMID- 828117 TI - The innervation of the cutaneous artery in the toad Bufo marinus. PMID- 828118 TI - Further studies on glutamate antagonists in the central nervous system. PMID- 828119 TI - [Use of factor analysis for assessment of the toxicity of chemical substances]. PMID- 828120 TI - Distribution and release of human pancreatic polypeptide. AB - A simple and reliable radioimmunoassay has been developed for a new gut hormone, HPP. In the primate 93% of the total PP was found in the pancreas with a small amount throughout the remaining gastrointestinal tract. HPP has been shown to be produced by a number of pancreatic apudomas and their metastases. The immunoreactive PP from these tumours and from normal pancreas was chromatographically indistinguishable from the pure peptide. The plasma PP concentration rose rapidly after a meal in normal subjects and was still raised six hours later. Fasting plasma PP levels in patients with PP cell containing pancreatic endocrine tumours were higher than even the postprandial level in normal subjects. PP measurements is thus useful in diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumours. PMID- 828121 TI - Biochemical and functional properties of methemoglobin diaphorase in congenital methemoglobinemia. PMID- 828122 TI - Folate binding protein in myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 828123 TI - Gamma heavy chain disease in a young girl. PMID- 828124 TI - Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS): a clinical, morphological and serological study of 7 cases. PMID- 828125 TI - The mild haemolytic condition observed in gilbert's cholemia: a common unexplained haematologic disorder. PMID- 828126 TI - [Circadian changes in total iron binding capacity in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 828127 TI - Hodgkin's disease in North Sardinia A histopathological and epidemiological study. PMID- 828128 TI - [Pancytopenic megaloblastic anaemia following administration of pyrimethamine, trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 828129 TI - Survival curves, prognostic factors and continuous medical record analysis in acute leukemia. PMID- 828130 TI - Purification and immunochemical characterization of human plasma factor XIII. AB - A detailed study of the conditions for purification of plasma factor XIII was undertaken and an optimal procedure developed. This procedure involves adsorption with aluminum hydroxide, repeated fractionation with ammonium sulfate, heat denaturation of fibrinogen, precipitation with polyethylene glycol, cryoprecipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose with gradient elution. The specific activity of the final product, as measured by the fluorescent amine incorporation assay for factor XIII, averages about 3,000-4,000 mumol dansylcadaverine incorporation/mg protein. The yield is about 20%. In SDS electrophoresis the final product has two bands under nonreducing conditions, characteristic of the a and b subunits. PMID- 828131 TI - Protozoan parasites of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): a comparative study of their occurrence in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia, with the description of Trichodina perforata sp.N. AB - In the course of a long-term study of protozoan parasites of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), a total of 27 protozoan species were discovered in Czechoslovakia and 26 species on the Bulgarian territory. Their list is supplemented with remarks on their pathogenicity, frequency of occurrence and morphology. There is no essential difference in the constituents of protozoan parasitofauna of carp between the two territories studied; a very similar fauna of protozoans can be anticipated on carp in other European regions. A new species, Trichodina perforata sp.n. is described from carps on Bulgarian territory; it is absent in Czechoslovakia. It is characterized by very thin, obliquely set thorns of denticles and by perforations in denticel blades. Throughout the area of the present distribution of the carp, records of its protozoan parasites include a total of 76 determined species, 6 parasites determined only to the generic level and 8 facultatively parasitic ciliates. Attention is drawn to several pathogenic species, which constitute a potential threat to carpiculture in Europe. PMID- 828133 TI - Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 828134 TI - Studies on pancreatic islet accumulation and cytotoxicity of N-nitrosomethylurea in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 828132 TI - [Pharmacological studies of an antipschotic agent, penfluridol. (1). The central pharmacological actions]. AB - Neuropharmacological properties of penfluridol (TLP-607) were investigated in experimental animals and were compared with those of haloperidol and chlorpromazine. Locomotor activity of mice significantly decreased at doses of 16 32 mg/kg p.o. Like haloperidol and chlorpromazine, TLP-607 (4-16 mg/kg p.o.) demonstrated catalepsy lasting for 48-72 hr in rats. TLP-607 strongly inhibited apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs and the ED50 was 0.016 mg/kg p.o. This effect lasted for 192 hr when administered 0.04 mg/kg p.o. TLP-607 antagnonized methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats, and the ED50 was 1.83 ng/kg p.o. TLP-607 also inhibited conditioned avoidance responses in rats, and the ED50's in the pole climbing and Sidman avoidance methods were 6.73 and 3.4 mg/kg p.o., respectively. TLP-607 neither inhibited motor coordination nor enhanced hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice. These results suggest that TLP-607 is a potent and long-acting antipsychotic drug which has less neurotoxic side-effects. PMID- 828135 TI - [Experimental study on induced hypotension with sodium nitroprusside (author's transl)]. PMID- 828136 TI - Effect of TRH on serum arginine vasopressin in euthyroid and hypothyroid subjects. AB - To test the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on serum arginine vasopressin (AVP) in euthyroid and hypothyroid individuals, 500 mug of TRH was administered to four euthyroid subjects and three patients with primary hypothyroidism. Serum AVP was significantly depressed below basal levels from 30 to 60 min in the euthyroid and hypothyroid subjects after administering the releasing agent. The basal serum AVP in the hypothyroid subjects (3.1 +/- 1.1 muU/ml) was not significantly greater than the basal serum AVP in the euthyroid subjects (2.8 +/- 1.2 muU/ml). The maximal incremental depression in serum AVP after TRH in the hypothyroid subjects (1.4 +/- 0.7 muU/ml) was similar to the depression observed in the euthyroid subjects (1.8 +/- 0.9 muU/ml). These data suggest that TRH may have a physiologic role in modulation of AVP release in man. PMID- 828137 TI - Failure of oral 5-hydroxytryptohan administration to affect prolactin secretion in man. AB - Oral 5-hydroxytryptopahn (5-HTP) administration, either 200 mg acutely or 50 mg q.i.d. fr 3 days plus 200 mg acutely, failed to modify either basal or TRH stimulated prolactin secretion in normal subjects. This is at variance with the stimulatory action of intravenous tryptophan on human prolactin release. However, it is doubtful that 5-HTP at the dose used may increase brain serotonin concentration; moreover, the hydroxlated amino acid is also taken up by catecholaminergic neurons, from which noradrenaline and dopamine may then be released. It is concluded that the failure of 5-HTP to affect prolactin secretion in man is not a proof against the existence of serotoninergic stimulatory influences on human prolactin release. PMID- 828139 TI - Biology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 828138 TI - Seasonal sex skin coloration and hormonal fluctuations in free-ranging and captive monkeys. PMID- 828140 TI - Transformation in vitro with herpesvirus ateles. AB - Continuous lymphoblastoid cell cultures were established after transformation invitro with HVA of marmoset splenic or circulating lymphocytes. Transformation was achieved by co-cultivating lymphocytes with lethally X-irradiated, HVA carrying cells (derived originally from tumour cells of a marmoset experimentally infected with HVA) or by infecting marmoset lymphocytes with cell-free virus. Tenty-eight continous cultures from 39 that underwent co-cultivation and two of four lymphocyte preparations infected with virus became transformed. Cultivation periods before transformation were in the range 17-32 days (co-cultivation) or 51 53 days (cell-free virus). HVA genome expression in transfromed cultures was demonstrated by:(1) recovery of small amounts of HVA from culture fluids; (2) ability of lymphoblasts to induce infectious centres after co-cultivation with permissive cells; and (3) observation of antigen-positive cells after staining with monospecific antiserum. Most cultures were composed of T lymphocytes: cells of 16 of 24 cultures formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and none of 30 possessed membrane Ig. PMID- 828141 TI - The origin and characteristics of a pig kidney cell strain, LLC-PK. AB - A stable epithelial-like pig kidney cell strain has been established. This strain has been carried through more than 300 serial passages, has remained free of microbial and viral contaminants, and has retained a near diploid number of chromosomes. Attempts to produce tumors with these cells in immunosuppressed laboratory animals have been uniformly negative. The cells have grown rapidly in monolayer cultures with a split ratio of 1 to 15 at weekly intervals, but have failed to proliferate in suspension cultures. A subline adapted to growth on serum-free medium 199 has been carried through 145 passages on this medium. Several unusual morphologic features have been observed in these cultures including three-dimensional "domelike" structures. These cells have been found susceptible to some viruses and have been especially useful for viruses of domestic animals. LLC-PK1 cells have produced significant levels of plasminogen activator. PMID- 828142 TI - [Haemolytic disease of the newborn (fetus) (author's transl)]. AB - Haemolytic disease of the newborn is mostly caused by Rh antibody anti-D (Rh erythroblastosis) and antibodies of the ABO system anti-A and anti-B (ABO erythroblastosis). Because of possible fetal death in utero prenatal diagnosis and treatment of Rh erythroblastosis is necessary. Prophylactic administration of anti-Rh-gammaglobulin prevents the induction of Rh antibodies. In contrast to Rh erythroblastosis prenatal diagnosis and treatment of ABO erythroblastosis is not necessary. Postnatally, however, hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO erythroblastosis should be treated to avoid Kernicterus. Our results with diagnosis and treatment of haemolytic diseases of the newborn are presented and related to the literature. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies are reported, which could possibly explain the differences between Rh and ABO erythroblastosis. PMID- 828143 TI - [Complex formation between monoclonal IgM and albumin in a patient with macroglobulinaemia (author's transl)]. AB - A remarkable interaction between a monoclonal IgM(x) protein and autologous albumin was found in the serum of a 76 year old male patient (Ke.E) without morphological characteristics of Waldenstroms disease. The components were bound noncovalently. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of 50 additional monoclonal IgM and 10 IgA sera showed a complex formation with albumin in 62% (IgM) and in 90% (IgA). The degree of interaction was, however, less pronounced in comparison with that observed in the serum of Ke.E. PMID- 828144 TI - [Evaluation of successful chemotherapie of infections of the urinary system by determination of antibacterial activity in the urine (author's transl)]. AB - 5,589 urin samples from patients with suspected infections of the urinary tract were screened for inhibiting activity against Baz. cereus (ATCC 6051). In 19% of these urines such inhibitors could be found. In spite of the antibacterial inhibition activity nearly half of the samples had bacteria in high number. By comparison of the various bacterial species in both groups of urin, in those without antibacterial "Problem-Bacteria": Klebsiella-Enterobacter- Proteus- Candida-species is demonstrated. If one compares the urine of the same patient before and under chemotherapie it seems as if antibiotic therapie is often started without proof of significant bacteriuria. In those patients, where there was a significant bacteriuria in the first urine sample only 7 from 20 showed sterile urine under chemotherapie; 10 patients had an other species in the second sample and 3 patients had the same species isolated from urine during therapie. The diagnosis and the consequences especially for therapie in stationary patients with recurrent infections is discussed. PMID- 828145 TI - Human pathologic IgM glycopeptides. Evidence for a very high mannose content glycopeptide. PMID- 828146 TI - Presence of antibody to arboviruses of the Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever-Congo (CHF Congo) group in human beings and domestic animals in India. PMID- 828147 TI - A ubiquitous tissue antigen and its corresponding antibody in sera of patients with glomerulonephritides. AB - Sera and 5% PEG-precipitates from 20 patients with IMN, 18 with MPGN, 20 with SLE, 8 with anti-GBM disease and 17 with other varieties of glomerulonephritides, 19 patients with chronic liver or intestinal diseases, as well as those from 40 healthy adults, were tested by gel prcipitation for the presence of a ubiquitous tissue antigen (UTA) and/or its corresponding antibody, previously shown to be associated with renal disorders. The antigen was detected in sera of 5 patients with IMN, one with anit-GBM disease and one with SLE. Corresponding antibodies were present in sera of 2 patients with IMN. In 4 of 5 patients with IMN and UTA was only detected if the sera were first treated with PEG (mol. wt. 6,000) which induces precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes and other high molecular weight components in serum. The UTA was not detected in renal glomeruli by immunofluorescence. The possible significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of renal diseases is discussed. PMID- 828148 TI - Studies on the intergenerical precipitinogen beta with special reference to its presence in mycobacterial ribosomes. PMID- 828150 TI - The first isoimmune blood group system of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): the graded Drh system. AB - The simian-type blood group specificity Drh of rhesus monkeys, first described in 1967, has been proved to be the keystone of a rhesus monkey blood group system, holding a position comparable to that of Rho in the Rh-Hr system. Unlike the Rh Hr system, however, it does not react well by the ficinated red cell technique and it includes a series of antigens giving graded reactions comparable to those of the human A1-A2 subgroups. The antigens of the Drh system appear to be the most strongly immunogenic, and are thus of greatest importance for the experimental use of these animals, such as in transplantation and blood transfusion. PMID- 828149 TI - Histamine-containing cells in bronchial lavage fluid. I. Ultrastructural characterization and comparison with mast cells in three types of tissues of rhesus monkeys. AB - We have studied the ultrastructure of histamine-containing cells in the bronchial lavage of normal rhesus monkeys. These cells were recognized by the similarities of their specific cytoplasmic granules to those in tissue mast cells and basophilic leukocytes of other species. According to cell shape, two forms of bronchial lavage histamine-containing cells (BL-HCC) were observed. One was round and small, and the other pleomorphic and large. However, the subcellular structures, especially the specific cytoplasmic granules, were identical for both forms of HCC. With available evidence, we now consider both types of BL-HCC to be one cell species. The difference in cell shape may be an inherent variation within this cell population, or a reflection of the maturity of individual cells. Most BL-HCC had long slender pseudopods, and the majority of them were mononucleated. Some HCC appeared binucleated; multinucleated cells were not encountered. The ultrastructure of mast cells, in tissue fragments biopsied from three sites, was in many ways similar to that of BL-HCC, but there were clear morphological dissimilarities between these two cell groups. It is unlikely that tissue mast cells are the direct precursors of BL-HCC. Attempts to compare BL-HCC with blood basophilic leukocytes were unsuccessful due to the failure to detect the latter in monkey peripheral blood with electron microscopy in the present study. The possible origin of BL-HCC is discussed. PMID- 828151 TI - Inhibition of anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs by antibodies to fragments of Fc from autologous IgG. AB - The effect of antibodies to Fc subfragments of guinea pig IgG on the anaphylactic reaction in guinea pigs has been studied. Control animals were immunized with guinea pig IgG and Fab, human IgG and albumin. All animals with antibodies to fragments of autologous Fc survived challenge with horse serum, whereas the control animals died in anaphylactic shock. PMID- 828152 TI - Therapeutic approaches to selected disorders of inborn errors of metabolism with neurological involvement. PMID- 828153 TI - Health services research and health policy issues. PMID- 828154 TI - Cost effectiveness of early detection. PMID- 828155 TI - The use of 13C-NMR. Spectroscopy in biosynthetic studies. II[1]. Biosynthesis of narasin, a new polyether ionophore from fermentation of Streptomyces aureofaciens [2]. PMID- 828156 TI - An electron microscope study of the unmyelinated nerve fibres in normal baboon median nerves: negative effect of vitamin-B12 depletion. AB - The unmyelinated nerve fibres in the distal part of the median nerve of normal baboons (Group 1) and of baboons kept on diets deficient in vitamin B12, and supplemented with potassium cyanide and potassium thioxyanate injections (Groups 2-5), have been examined under the electron microscope. Qualitative and quantitative observations on the distribution, size and Schwann cell relationships of the unmyelinated fibres were made. There were no significant differences between the nerves of the normal and experimental groups. New data about normal baboon peripheral nerve are presented and discussed. PMID- 828158 TI - The effect of medium composition upon the production of pyocin. PMID- 828157 TI - Taurolin, a new chemotherapeutic agent. PMID- 828159 TI - The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus flavus in the mould floras of ground spices. PMID- 828160 TI - Effect of phospholipase C hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids on acyltransferase systems in rat liver microsomes. AB - Three kinds of phospholipase C [EC 3.1.4.3] were used to selectively hydrolyze phospholipids in rat liver microsomes, and their effects on the acyl-CoA: glycerophosphate and acyl-CoA: lysophospholipids acyltransferase systems were examined. The glycerophosphate acyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.15] system was inactivated rapidly by treatment with phospholipase C of Ps. aureofaciens or B. cereus and the loss of activity paralleled the degradation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The 1-acylglycerylphosphorylcholine acyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.23] system was only partially inactivated under the same conditions, whereas the 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.51] system retained most of its activity even when more than 95% of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine had been hydrolyzed. The results demonstrate the heterogeneity of acyltransferase systems with respect to their dependence on the intact membrane phospholipids. Hydrolysis of more than 80% of phosphatidylinositol by phosphoinositidase of B. cereus did not significantly affect these acyltransferase systems. The specificity for various acyl-CoA's of 1 acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase in microsomes treated with phospholipase C of Ps. aureofaciens was apparently different from that in untreated microsomes, while the specificity of 1-acylglycerylphosphorylcholine acyltransferase was unchanged. Saturation profiles of the acceptors were significantly different between the acyltransferase systems in phospholipase C-treated and untreated microsomes. These results suggest that 1-acylglycerophosphate and 1 acylglycerylphosphorylcholine acyltransferase systems do not require specific phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol for their catalytic activities, but the integrity of these phospholipids is necessary for the proper functioning and stability of the enzymes. PMID- 828161 TI - Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - 1. A superoxide dismutase [EC 1.15.1.1] was purified about 275-fold with a yield of 34% from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Ra (attenuated strain), grown on a Sauton medium for two months. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by analytical ultracentrifugation and sedimentation equilibrium studies. 2. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 88,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Since the molecular weight of the subunit was 21,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme appears to be composed of four subunits of equal size. 3. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra showed that the enzyme contained ferric iron, and metal analysis showed that the enzyme contained ferric iron, and metal analysis showed that approximately 3.7 atoms of iron were present per mole of the enzyme, indicating the occurrence of 1 atom of iron per subunit. 4. The amino acid composition was apparently similar to those of the iron-containing superoxide dismutases from Escherichia coli, luminous bacteria, Pseudomonas ovalis, and blue-green alga. 5. Antibodies against the enzyme were raised in rabbits and immunological studies were performed. The enzyme from M. tuberculosis, strain H37Rv (virulent strain), was found to have antigenic structures identical with those of the H37Ra enzyme. On the other hand, the manganese-containing superoxide dismutases from other species of mycobacteria, i.e., Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo, M. phlei and M. lepraemurium, showed only partial immunological identity with the H37Ra enzyme. 6. During the growth of M. tuberculosis, strain H37Ra, the enzyme was found to be secreted into the culture medium. PMID- 828162 TI - Effects of heating in dodecyl sulfate solution on the conformation and electrophoretic mobility of isolated major outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 with apparent molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 40,000 were resolved into four distinct bands by electrophoresis on an improved urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel containing a high concentration of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. The electrophoretic mobilities of three of these proteins, O-8, O-9, and O-10, changed when they were heated in SDS solution. Proteins O-8, O-9, and O-10, were purified to near homogeneity without heating in SDS solution. Electrophoretic profiles of the purified proteins changed depending on the solubilization temperature in SDS solution. Infrared and CD spectra of these proteins revealed that they were extremely rich in beta-structured polypeptide, which is stable in SDS solution at room temperature. On the other hand, CD spectra typical of alpha helix structure were obtained when the proteins were heated in SDS solution, indicating that a gross conformational change occurred in the protein molecules upon heating in SDS solution. The conformational change was confirmed by the abnormal profiles of Ferguson plots in gel electrophoretic analysis. It was concluded that conformational changes in the protein molecules are responsible for the heat modifiability of these proteins in SDS gel electrophoresis. PMID- 828163 TI - Spread of gold injected into the joints of healthy rabbits. AB - This study shows that after intra-articular injection, aurothiomalate and colloidal gold of small (200 A) particle size were rapidly absorbed from joints while the larger, 300 A, particle size colloidal radioactive gold could not be found outside them. Larger particle size suspensions seem therefore more likely to remain localised in the joint and its lining synovium after intra-articular injection, the systemic absorption from the joint cavity diminishing with increasing particle size. It was also found that the intra-articular injection of small amounts of aurothiomalate, of colloidal gold and of colloidal radioactive gold produces identical degenerative lesions in the lining cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. These lesions were always found, although gold particles were demonstrated only in sampled kidney tissues of the animals injected with the soluble gold preparation whereas no gold could be detected in the tissues of animals injected with colloidal non-radioactive or radioactive gold. Electron microscopic evidence is presented to suggest the possibility that the mitochondria are the "target" organelles of the gold-induced cellular damage. Mitochondrial damage was demonstrated in liver and spleen in addition to the already described kidney damage. The correlation between structure and function of the mitochondrial changes is not clear, and ionic shifts may be both a cause and a result of damage. PMID- 828164 TI - The redevelopment of heteropolar doublets and monster cells of Oxytricha fallax after cystment. AB - Heteropolar doublets of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha fallax can encyst, as can monster cells containing multiple copies of at least part of the ciliature. The resulting cysts excyst as heteropolar doublets or monster cells, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of resting cysts derived from monster cells and from singlets, however, indicates a complete loss of the ciliature - all kinetosomes, ciliary axonemes, and microtubules. Thus, the determination of each ciliature of a monster cell cannot be attributed to the persistence of any visible part of the ciliature. Transmission electron microscopy of monster and singlet cysts suggests that the information for a ciliature may be related to the system of cyst wall grooves and possibly to differentiations in the inner cell membrane which separates the cyst cytoplasm from the cyst wall. The redevelopment of heteropolar doublets upon excystment indicates that the anterior-posterior polarity is independently determined for each ciliature and is maintained through cystment. This polarity is not, however, reflected in a recognizable anterior-posterior polarity of any visible structure of the resting cyst. The number of adoral zones of membranelles (AZMs) may increase or decrease in some excysting monster cells compared with that observed in the encysting cells. Possible explanations for these changes are offered in the Discussion. PMID- 828165 TI - Different cation requirements for aggregation of BHK cells and their transformed derivatives. AB - BHK21 cells singly dissociated by trypsin aggregate in medium with calcium ions, but not in medium with magnesium ions. Their malignant derivatives (pyBHK) induced by polyoma virus, after dissociation with trypsin, aggregate equally well in medium with either calcium or magnesium ions. When EDTA is used for dissociation of cells from culture on a substrate, neither BHK21 nor pyBHK cells require addition to the medium of divalent cations for rapid aggregation. Trypsin dissociated BHK21 cells become aggregative in medium without divalent cations, when they are incubated for 60 min in dispersion with medium containing calcium ions before aggregation. In the case of pyBHK cells, incubation in dispersion in the medium with calcium or magnesium ions is effective in this respect. Calcium and magnesium ions are equally effective for adhesion of both BHK21 and pyBHK cells to non-cellular substrate or to a cell monolayer. We discuss the different cation requirements for aggregation of BHK21 and their transformed derivatives in relation to the recovery process of cell surfaces after exposure to trypsin. PMID- 828166 TI - Reinnervation of denervated Meissner corpuscles: a sequential histologic study in the monkey following fasicular nerve repair. AB - The mechanism by which an axon regenerating into a fingertip becomes a functioning sensory end organ was investigated with light and electron microscopic evaluation of Meissner corpuscle (MC) morphology following nerve division and fascicular repair in the monkey. Sequential histologic analysis of the fingertip biopsies demonstrated degeneration of the MC followed by reinnervation of the MC by the regenerating axons. There was subsequent reversal of the degeneration process. Electron microscopy confirmed the reinnervation of the degenrated MC. There was no evidence of MC regeneration de novo. PMID- 828192 TI - An in vitro antituberculosis drug sensitivity of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 828193 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 828194 TI - [Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis (food poisoning) due to water borne infection of pathogenic E. coli]. PMID- 828195 TI - [Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (4) Multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in simple inorganic salt solutions]. PMID- 828196 TI - [Mycoplasma infections]. PMID- 828197 TI - [Flavobacterium meningosepticum isolated from the oropharynx of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia]. PMID- 828198 TI - [Quantitative analysis of voiding defense mechanism of the bladder. I. Mathematical model and its significance]. PMID- 828199 TI - Search for scrapie-specific RNA and attempts to detect an infectious DNA or RNA. AB - Preparations of in vivo labelled RNA from normal and scrapie infected mouse brains were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No appreciable differences were detected between the two preparations. The biological activity of preparations of RNA and DNA from scrapie brain was also examined. In each case the nucleic acid was obtained by one method envolving the use of phenol and one without phenol. Attempts were made to bind the nucleic acid to normal membrane by three different methods. In no instance was a single case of scrapie obtained by inoculating nucleic acid extracts from scrapie brain either alone or associated with normal membranes. It is concluded that a putative scrapie-specific nucleic acid must either be present in scrapie brain in such an unusual from that it is not extracted readily by methods suitable for the preparation of most virus nucleic acids; or, if it is extracted, that it has no detectable biological activity. In either case, the scrapie agent differs substantially in its properties from the plant viroids. PMID- 828200 TI - Undescribed combination of ocular (hypotelorism, optic disc anomaly, microcornea, exotropia), facial, auricular, phonic and other anomalies. PMID- 828201 TI - Euryblepharon with associated ocular anomalies. AB - Two cases of euryblepharon with other associated ocular abnormalities have been described. Case one showed flattening of the bridge of the nose and an abnormally large distance between the two medial canthi. Case two showed congenital ptosis in one eye and concomitant alternating divergent squint. PMID- 828202 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 828203 TI - The bicarbonate ion pump in the endothelium which regulates the hydration of rabbit cornea. AB - 1. Studies were made on the short-circuit current (s.c.c.) and fluid transport across rabbit corneal endothelium. 2. Normal s.c.c. of 27 muA.cm-2 is reduced to 19 muA.cm-2 in CO2-free Ringer, to 9 muA. cm-2 in HCO-3 -free Ringer and to zero in CO2 and HCO-3 -free Ringer. 3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce s.c.c. from 27 to 19 muA.cm-2. Removal of exogenous CO2 causes no further reduction in s.c.c. 4. In CO2-free Ringer, net exogenous bicarbonate translocation is equal to s.c.c. 5. In all cases studied, net fluid transport across the endothelium in open circuit is directly proportional to s.c.c. 6. It is concluded that the endothelial 'pump' which regulates corneal hydration operates by 'pumping' bicarbonate ions into the aqueous humour. 7. Under physiological conditions, two thirds of the substrate is supplied by exogenous bicarbonate ions and one third is supplied by conversion of exogenous CO2 by intracellular carbonic anhydrase. 8. Metabolic CO2 does not participate significantly in the process, probably because it is at too low a concentration to compete effectively with exogenous CO2. 9. Electron histochemical studies suggest that carbonic anhydrase is located immediately underneath the posterior membrane of the endothelium, across which the active bicarbonate ion flux passes. PMID- 828204 TI - Study on a family with anderson--Fabry's disease and associated familial spastic paraplegia. AB - A family in the north-east of England with Anderson--Fabry's disease is presented. Alpha-galactosidase activity in plasma and white cells was significantly reduced in three adult male members of the family. One of them had an abnormal chromosome karyotype pattern with an extra Y chromosome (47,XYY) and he was clinically less severely affected than his brothers. Coincidentally five other members of the family suffered from a form of familial spastic paraplegia. PMID- 828206 TI - Initiation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis. III. Analysis of molecular events involved in the initiation using a temperature-sensitive dna mutant. PMID- 828208 TI - [Somatostatin]. PMID- 828207 TI - [A case of hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-e antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 828205 TI - Scrapie: a review of its relation to human disease and ageing. PMID- 828210 TI - Filamentous appendages of Bacillus cereus spores. PMID- 828209 TI - [Case of von Recklinghausen's disease with recurrent polyneuropathy]. PMID- 828211 TI - Enterocin typing of group 'D' streptococci. PMID- 828212 TI - An importance of zinc in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828213 TI - [Detection of tubercle bacilli in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by sampling of bronchial sputum (author's transl)]. PMID- 828214 TI - [Chemistry, biology, and pathology of Mycobacteria grown in vivo. 5. L-type growth of Mycobacterium--simulation of the mode of growth in caseous foci]. PMID- 828215 TI - [Chemistry, biology, and pathology of Mycobacteria grown in vivo. 6. Mycobacterium in vivo, especially in caseous foci]. PMID- 828216 TI - [Clamp-guide for operations on the biliary tract]. PMID- 828218 TI - Spontaneous dissecting aortic aneurysm in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Arteriosclerosis and a dissecting aortic aneurysm were diagnosed radiographically and confirmed at necropsy in an aged female squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). The radiographic findings closely resembled the analogous syndrome in man. The dissection began in the aortic arch, extended along the media, and recommunicated with the aortic lumen at the level of the renal arteries. Arterial lesions also included medial necrosis and moderate atherosclerosis. PMID- 828217 TI - Weight of the infant baboon (Papio cynocephalus) from birth to fifteen weeks. AB - Male and female weight percentiles for 24 nursery reared infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were developed from weight measurements made from birth to 15 weeks of age. True birth weights could not be obtained and weights at the time of removal from the mother (18-24 hours after parturition) were used as initial weights. The difference in initial weights for males compared to females was found to be statistically significant with males having greater initial weights. PMID- 828219 TI - Adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase in erythrocytes from marmosets (Saguinus sp). PMID- 828220 TI - Observations on the geographic variation and skeletal development of Aotus. AB - The geographic pattern of coat color and craniometric variation were examined in Aotus. The coat color and pattern permitted recognition of the geographic origin of night monkeys from many parts of Latin America. The geographic pattern of craniometric variation differed from the pattern of phenotypic variation and led the authors to doubt the validity and usefulness of the currently recognized subspecific classification. Tooth eruption and bone ossification were studied in a sample of Aotus skeletons. Tentative criteria were presented for judging the ages of night monkeys by visual examination of their teeth or by x-ray of their teeth or bones. PMID- 828221 TI - Chromosome polymorphism and banding patterns in the owl monkey (Aotus). AB - Diploid numbers, chromosome morphology, G- and C-banding characterisitics and pelage phenotypes were studied in 330 owl monkeys (Aotus) captured and exported from several parts of South America. Among these animals, seven distinctive karyotypes were recognized by the number of chromosomes and their individual identification by G- and C-banding methods. These seven karyotypes were distributed among four distinctive phenotypes differentiated by color patterns in the pelage. These specific phenotypes were designated in this study with capital letters (A through D) and the karyotypes by Roman numerals (I-VII), followed in parentheses by their diploid number. Specimens with phenotype A originated from Brazil and their karyotypes all conformed to a type designated karyotype I (2n=54). Animals classified as having phenotype B were exported from Colombia and their karyotypes were designated as karyotypes II (2n=54), III (2n=53), IV (2n=52), and V (2n=46). Monkeys received from Peru were designated as phenotype C and karyotype VII (2n=52). A group of owl monkeys received from Bolivia were designated as having karyotype VI (2n=50 male; 2n=49 female). Their distinctive phenotype was labeled D. All males in this sample had a diploid number of 49 and the Y-chromosome was translocated to an autosome. PMID- 828222 TI - Management and breeding of Aotus trivirgatus. AB - Attempts to establish successful breeding colonies of Aotus trivirgatus at this and other laboratories have largely been unsuccessful, resulting in only occasional pregnancies and a rare live birth. After the recognition of seven different karyotypes of owl monkeys, animals were paired on this basis and resulted in a marked increase in conceptions. From 1971 to 1975 only 10 pregnancies occurred but during 1975, there were 19 pregnancies. In addition to proper karyotyping, a period of acclimation and conditioning was required. Mean body measurements and weights of infants were established. PMID- 828224 TI - Studies on the hearing of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - A study was made of the auditory sensitivity of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Absolute thresholds for hearing as a function of tone frequency (audibility function) were measured by a behavioral conditioning procedure. The owl monkey's audibility function was found to be more similar to those of other monkeys than those of nocturnal prosimians. It was concluded that the owl monkey's auditory sensitivity cannot be regarded as specialized for nocturnality. PMID- 828223 TI - The female genital tract of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) with special reference to the ovary. AB - The female reproduction tracts and ovaries of 30 owl monkeys, Aotus trivirgatus, were examined morphologically using the light and electron microscope. The animals ranged in age from a third trimester stillborn fetus to those of mature old age. The epithelia of the generative tracts were inactive or resting; evidence of prior menstruation was occasionally evident from hemosiderosis in endometrial stroma. Cyclicity of estral or menstrual type, however, was not established. One pregnant uterus (11-12 days gestation) was in the series. Prior pregnancy was deduced by the presence of perivascular fibrosis of myometrial vessels. The immature ovary contained an occasional developing or involving Graafian follicle, but no interstitial tissue. The mature ovary developed large, multilobulated masses of luteinized interstitial tissue which occupied the medulla, crowded the hilum, and thinned the cortex. Small dark intracortical cells, derived from cortical stroma, became foamy, lipoid-laden, contained hemofuscin, and formed the peripheral zone of the interstitial cell masses. The theca interna of involuting follicles appeared to be a significant source of the inner cells of the interstitial masses. Ultrastructure of the outer pigmented cells of luteal interstitial masses suggested steroidal activity; the function of the inner cells was not morphologically evident. Corpora lutea could not be identified with certainly, either by form, stigmata, or histology; nor could they be differentiated from interstitial masses. The latter appeared, therefore, to act in concert as a single, massive bilateral corpus luteum. PMID- 828225 TI - Pseudotuberculosis (Yersinia enterocolitica) in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - Pseudotuberculosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica was observed as an enzootic disease of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). A description is given of the natural disease and its successful reproduction in owl monkeys. The disease was characterized by purulent and necrotizing enteritis, hepatitis, and splenitis. Large colonies of the causative organism were consistently associated with the lesions. Although pseudotuberculosis has been reported in other monkeys, the disease in the authors' primate colonies has been restricted to the owl monkey. PMID- 828226 TI - A coagulopathy of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) associated with high antithrombin III activity. AB - The species-associated coagulopathy of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) was shown to be caused by a high level of circulating anticoagulant, antithrombin III, in approximately 4-6 times the activity in which the same anticoagulant is found in man or the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). The survival of the owl monkey in the presence of this added biological risk is an interesting and enigmatic observation. Treatment with protamine, prednisone, or estradiol did not alter the activity of circulating anticoagulant. PMID- 828227 TI - Glomerulonephritis in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - Glomerular disease was observed in 45 of 57 owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). The disease was minimal in eight of the affected animals and moderate to extensive with respect to severity of the lesions and the number of glomeruli involved in the remainder. The lesions were characterized by proliferation and hypertrophy of mesangial and epithelial cells, increase in mesangial matrix, thickening of basement membranes, and sclerosis. Immunofluorescent staining suggested that the disease was an immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 828228 TI - Studies with induced malarias in Aotus monkeys. AB - Aotus monkeys have been shown to be susceptible to the three most important species of human malaria as well as to simian, ape, and rodent malaria. The parasites natural to man were maintained by serial passages using trophozoite infected blood. It was then possible to transfer the infections to, and among, other New World monkeys which previously were refractory. The parasites retained their viability in the monkey, were infective to mosquitos, and were transmitted between monkeys and back to man. Exoerythrocytic stages, similar to those demonstrated in man, occurred in the Aotus liver. Drugs exerted similar action against the parasites in the monkey as against parasites in man. The human malaria-Aotus model has made possible other extensive studies in various disciplines important to the understanding of the parasites in man. These included parasite biology, host-parasite-vector relationships, immunology, pathology, and physiology. PMID- 828230 TI - [Intraportal transplantation of the islets of Langerhans in dogs]. PMID- 828229 TI - The owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) as an animal model in trachoma research. AB - The owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, in contrast to other species of nonhuman primates, was shown to be susceptable to infection with strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. It responded to experimental infection with a severe, acute, inflammatory reaction of short duration. Monkeys which recovered from infection were resistant to reinfection for more than 6 months and resistance was not strain specific. Eye secretion antibody titers correlated well with resistance to subsequent challenge. These studies taken together, established the owl monkey as a good animal model in which to study the pathogenesis and the immune responses to infection with C trachomatis. PMID- 828231 TI - [Bovine serum factor neutralizing the toxic effects of R. mooseri]. PMID- 828232 TI - [Determination of serum IgE by a modified radial immunodiffusion test]. PMID- 828233 TI - [Remarks on the use of shortened procedures in evaluating EDTA-induced urinary lead excretion]. AB - Urinary lead excretion following EDTA administration was studied in 47 both normal and lead intoxicated subjects, mainly monitoring the rate of excretion through sequential urine samples. Urinary lead excretion patterns proved to be quite different in the examined subjects: in particular, great differences were noted in the onset of lead excretion increase. The six-hr lead excretion resulted to be 60,7% of the total 24-hr excretion, with, however, a very wide range (42% to 83%). Urine flow didn't appear to influence the rhythm of urinary lead excretion. There is sufficient evidence to justify the conclusion that evaluation of EDTA-induced urinary lead excretion on the basis of the first-six-hr results cannot be assumed as a reliable procedure, unless it is used for rough diagnostic screening purposes. PMID- 828234 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in hepatic coma (author's transl)]. AB - A special program of parenteral nutrition was established in 16 patients with genuine hepatic coma and in 24 patients with portal encephalopathy; this program involves stepwise addition of various nutritional components. On the day of admission water and electrolyte balance is normalized, on the following morning infusions with 40% glucose solutions are started, and the patient is adapted to glucose as the source of calories within the next 48 hours. After this period total parenteral nutrition is instituted comprising all essential ingredients of nutrition. Application of amino acids was especially adjusted to the situation of hepatic coma taking into account not only the typical derangements of metabolism in hepatic coma, but the essential complications of this disease as well. Serial determinations of plasma amino acids were done in order to assess the program of nutrition. Before the beginning of parenteral nutrition plasma levels of amino acids were altered in a manner typical for liver failure; these alterations could be normalized almost completely by total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828235 TI - [Sequelae of the local action of beta-irradiation on human skin]. PMID- 828236 TI - Fast cell size distribution analysis by laser flow microphotometry-- applications to ciliate populations. AB - The laser flow microphotometer for rapid cell size analysis is introduced. In contrast to known principles absorption is detected of a part of each cell only. Cell classification is achieved by pulse form analysis of absorption pulses. Cell lengths between 5 and 300 mum have been measured without changing the geometry of the flow system. Other ranges of size can be covered by changing the flow diameters. The principle can be applied to stained or unstained cells. No further preparation of samples is necessary. Examples of high speed measurements on different cell populations of unstained ciliated (Tetrahymena pyriformis), human blood and different pollen grains are given. PMID- 828237 TI - Mechanical white elephants. PMID- 828238 TI - Determination of relationship between heating value and the thermal resistance of microorganisms in canned meat. AB - Meat was sterilized with gamma-radiation in an aluminum foil bag and then contaminated with a determined quantity of Bacillus subtilis spores. The bag was then placed in the centre of a can filled with meat. After autoclave sterilization, the whole contents of the aluminum foil bags were examined for the quantity of survived bacteria. This procedure enables the determination of thermal resistance of some bacteria on the condition that appears during typical heating processes. Moreover from all the critical areas all surviving microorganisms can be determined. PMID- 828239 TI - Serology of pneumocystosis. AB - Included in this evaluation of serologic tests for American pneumocystis pneumonia is a summary of results reported from an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test and a comparison of results of the immunodiffusion, complement fixation, and double diffusion tests. Athough IF was the most sensitive, it dectected only a third of the infections. Specificity of the test was good when serum titers greater than or equal to 1:16 were considered postive. Results of test sera in both European and American laboratories suggested that the low level of measurable antibody in American sera real and not due to technical error. These findings are compatible with the concept that two types of population may be infected with Pneumocystis organisms, one type associated with plasma cell pneumonia and the second with hypoergic pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed patients. Analysis by double diffusion to test antigens revealed their antigenic complexity. Most components, were indentified or partially identified with host elements, and no purely parastic antigens were demonstrated. When cysts isolated from animals and humans were tested, results suggested that they shared at least some common antigens. PMID- 828240 TI - Pneumocystis jiroveci n. sp. from man: morphology, physiology, and immunology in relation to pathology. AB - Pneumocystis jiroveci n. sp. from humans is redescribed, including the trophozoite precyst, cyst, intracystic bodies, and empty cyst. The morphology, biology, and physiology of this organism are compared with those of P. carinii from rats. Drug-induced immunosuppression produces similar disease patterns in both hosts, but several other pathogenic mechanisms seen in man have not been reproduced in rats. In most humans, immunity terminates infection and carriers are few; but in rats, immunity is generally associated with latent infection. The factors influencing the growth of Pneumocystis spp. in hosts varying in immune potential are reviewed and indicate that immunity is multifaceted, depending on the presence of plasma cells, antibody, T lymphocytes, macrophages, and probably complement. A deficiency in only a single component may give rise to clinical disease. Infection patterns in humans and pneumocystosis in mammals are reviewed. No evidence of the biologic identity of organisms from several hosts has been found. Serologic evidence concerning the distinction between Pneumocystis of rat and human origin is reviewed. These two forms should be regarded as deparate species, and forms from other hosts should tentatively be regarded as distinct. PMID- 828241 TI - Therapy and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Pentamidine isethionate and sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine are excellent therapeutic agents in experimental and hypoergic, hypoimmune pneumocystosis as well as in focal interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (IPCP) in infants. Their effectiveness is seriously limited in cases in which either a diffuse massive plasma cell exudate has been established or in adults in whom the phagocytic and resorptive facility is depressed. Infantile pneumocystosis leading to IPCP can be completely prevented by proper feeding and care of the patient or prophylactic drug therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Similar measures should be taken for adult patients at risk in hospitals where pneumocystosis is frequent or when pneumocystosis has been recently diagnosed. PMID- 828243 TI - Degradation of thyrotropin releasing hormone and a related compound by rat liver and kidney homogenate. AB - The inactivation of the hypothalamic hormone by rat liver and kidney homogenates was studied, using specific radioimmunoassays for the measurement of thyrotropin releasing hormone, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (TRH), and for an analogous peptide, pGlu-His Pro-OH(TRH-OH), which has been proposed as a major metabolite of TRH [NAIR et al., 1971]. The inactivation of TRH and the free acid was found to be rapid. Heat lability and saturation kinetics suggest the involvement of enzymatic processes. In liver homogenate, TRH-OH production from TRH was observed. The accumulation of TRH-OH was substantial in experiments employing near-saturation concentrations of TRH. The liver and kidney are ascribed as major sites for breakdown of TRH in vivo. PMID- 828242 TI - [Long-term syndrome in the treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa and decarboxylase an inhibitor]. AB - In 28% of patients treated for a long time with L-dopa, alone or combined with a decarboxilase inhibitor, the following "long-term syndrome" was observed: decrease in effectiveness, psychic disorders, intense abnormal movements, distonic attitudes, speech and gait disorders, orthostatic hypotension and/or general reprecussion. In 11% of the patients the "on-off" effect was studied (brisk alteranting Parkinsonic and improved states). Clinical observation during 14 hours a day was repeated with different dosages and different regimes of the drug; these modified the daily variations but did not eliminate the syndrome. The electromyographic studies also revealed the "on and off" phenomenon in different patients. When the "long-term syndrome" is severe, at times it is necessary to stop the drug; the secondary effects are thus decreased and, when the medication is given again, the therapeutic effectiveness is temporarily restored. When the drug is stopped the patients should be watched, since a "withdrawal syndrome" may appear. PMID- 828244 TI - Preliminary evidence for a human prolactin releasing factor. AB - Plasma from normal human subjects was subjected to a 3-phase methanol extraction. An increase in prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary tissue in vitro obtained with increasing doses of the plasma extract, while no increase in TSH release occurred. Control studies with an extract of simulated plasma using incubation medium with human serum albumin resulted in less release than a comparable plasma extract dose. The plasma extract did not lose activity with heating to 100 degrees C for 10 min, and incubation of normal plasma at 37 degrees C for 4 h prior to methanol extraction resulted in no loss of prolactin releasing activity. The plasma extract was subjected to cascade ultra-filtration through UM-10, UM-2, and UM-0.5 filters with no significant loss of prolactin releasing activity. Finally, the extract contained no TRH immunoreactivity. These results support the existence of a heat stable, ultra-filterable circulating PRF in human plasma. The origin of this material is unknown. PMID- 828245 TI - [Transcutaneous cannulation of the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein. Clinical study]. PMID- 828246 TI - [Retroperitoneal neurogenic sarcoma (malignant schwannoma) in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis]. AB - A case of fibromatosis with cutaneous and retroperitoneal localization is reported. The interest of the case is due to the transformation of one of the deep masses into malignant Schwannoma. The finding provides the basis for some critical remarks of clinical interest on von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 828247 TI - [Our preliminary experience with prevention of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn by routine use of anti-D IgG]. PMID- 828248 TI - [The etiopathogenesis of infectious vaginal inflammations]. PMID- 828250 TI - Merburg virus fever. PMID- 828249 TI - Health report. PMID- 828251 TI - Pathobiology of death: structural and functional interactions in shock syndromes. PMID- 828252 TI - [Greig's ocular hypertelorism and frontonasal dysplasia: clinical and etiopathogenetic observations in 3 cases]. PMID- 828253 TI - [Clinico-radiological findings in mucopolysaccharidosis. Description of 3 cases]. PMID- 828254 TI - Effects of Sevin on the reproductive biology of the Coturnix. AB - Adult Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were subjected to three levels of carbaryl pesticide treatment (Sevin-20 p.p.m., 40 p.p.m., and 400 p.p.m) and monitored to observe any modifications in either their reproductive biology or behavior. There was an increase in the amount of pesticide excreted with increasing treatment levels during the first 48 hours following intubation, after which pesticide levels in the fecal material for all groups approached zero. Addditionally, significant amounts of the pesticide were detected in the egg yolks after pesticide ingestion (treatment levels, 20, 40, and 400 p.p.m. resulted in pesticide residues of 1.58, 2.03, and 3.15 p.p.m., respectively). Egg production was significantly reduced (p less than or equal to 0.05), although egg viability was not affected by the pesticide stress. Agonistic behavior decreased in males while it increased in the females following pesticide ingestion. PMID- 828255 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isozymes of blood and oviducal tissues of Leghorn hens. AB - A group of hens laying high specific gravity eggs and a group laying low specific gravity eggs were selected from each of 6 Single Comb White Leghorn strains and compared for possible qualitative differences in carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes in blood and oviducal tissues. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of erythrocytes, blood plasma and oviducal tissues of magnum, isthmus and uterus from 173 selected hens disclosed 9 carbonic anhydrase isozymes. In oviducal tissues 5 isozyme zones were routinely observed in gel patterns. Of these zones, the 2 with the slowest migration rate had differing staining intensity depending upon the section of the oviduct examined. Five zones were also observed in patterns of lysed erythrocytes, 4 of them possessing the same electrophoretic mobility as 4 to 5 observed in the oviducal tissues, and 1 zone that was observed only in the erythrocytes. Plasma patterns of hens with active ovaries possessed 2 zones, 1 always and 1 occasionally present in patterns of oviducal tissues. Plasma patterns of hens with inactive ovaries possessed 1 or 2 additional unique CA zones. No qualitative differences were found in enzyme patterns between birds laying high specific gravity eggs and those laying low specific gravity eggs. PMID- 828256 TI - Response of chicks and turkey poults to Aroclor 1242. AB - Diets containing equal amounts of Aroclor 1242 contaminated fish meal were fed to chicks and poults from day-old to four weeks. Four levels from 0 to 10% of contaminated fish meal having 1500 p.p.m. PCB's were used, supplying 0, 38, 75 p.p.m. gained 432 g. and had 21% mortality, and 150 p.p.m. gained 338 g. and had 75% mortality. Chicks performed as follows: controls gained 504 g. and had 4% mortality, 38 p.p.m. PCB gained 481 g. and had 2% mortality, 75 P.P.M. gained 432 G. and had 21% mortality, and 150 P.P.M gained 338 G. and had 75% mortality. Chicks receiving 75 and 150 p.p.m. PCB were lighter in weight (P less than 0.05) than the 0 and 38 p.p.m. levels. The 150 p.p.m diet produced higher (P less than 0.05) mortality than the lower levels. Both 75 and 150 p.p.m. diets produced edema and other lesions attributed to PCB toxicity. Poults receiving the same treatment gained 386 g., 386 g., 389 g., and 387 g. respectively . Mortality was heavy due to a possible bacterial infection early in the brooding. No mortality was attributed to PCB toxicity. Post mortem showed no edema, pericarditis, or other lesions due to PCB toxicity. Another trial was run on poults using the 0 and 150 p.p.m. levels. The growth results were almost identical. Mortality was very low. The 0 treatment gained 616 g. and the 150 p.p.m. treatment 613 g. There were no apparent PCB toxicity symptoms or lesions in these poults. PMID- 828257 TI - [Somatotropic function of the pituitary gland in persons with growth disorders]. AB - The authors present the results of study of the somatotropic function of the hypophysis in 18 healthy children and in 70 patients suffering from various forms of growth retardation. The blood serum level of the STH of the hypophysis was studied by the authors by standard sets for radioimmunological determination on fasting stomach and in dynamics during the standard glucose-tolerance test. The data of basal, maximal and mean STH levels were taken into consideration. Investigations revealed a reduction of the somatotropic function of the hypophysis in the patients with hypophysial, cerebral and somatotropic nanism. With the first tow forms of growth retardation the disturbances were associated with the organic affections of the hypophysis or of the hypothalamus, and in the somatogenic one- they were functional. Somatotropic function was retained in spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia and in the patients with thyrogenic nanism given displacement therapy. In the patients with the Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome the STH secretion remained unchanged, but the reaction of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system to the functional distrubances was disturbed. An increase of the mean STH level followed complex therapy. PMID- 828258 TI - [Comparative study of antiphosphatide and antiprotein antibodies by the hemagglutination reaction in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 828259 TI - [Certain indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in experimental isolated tuberculous lesions in the lungs]. PMID- 828260 TI - [Certain biochemical mechanisms of suppression of vital activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under the effect of acridines]. PMID- 828261 TI - The metabolism of gemfibrozil. PMID- 828262 TI - Toxicological studies on gemfibrozil. PMID- 828264 TI - [Social work: report of an experience]. PMID- 828265 TI - [Arterial hypertension in persons under 20 years of age]. PMID- 828266 TI - [Health personnel and their functions]. PMID- 828263 TI - The hypolipidaemic effect of gemfibrozil (CI-719) in laboratory animals. PMID- 828267 TI - [Proposal for the reorganization of basic professional education of nurses and other health personnel]. PMID- 828268 TI - [Requalification of socio-health care personnel in public health service functions]. PMID- 828269 TI - [Rights of the dying patient]. PMID- 828271 TI - Indirect chelatometric determination of piperazine in some pharmaceutical preparations. AB - An indirect complexometric method is described for the determination of piperazine alone or in its pharmaceutical preparations. The method involves treatment of the aqueous solution of piperazine with carbon disulphide, ammonia solution and a known excess of cupric acetate, filtration of the formed precipitate and determination of the excess cupric acetate with EDTA using PAR as indicator. PMID- 828270 TI - Variable interval responding maintained by intravenous codeine and ethanol injections in the rhesus monkey. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond under a variable interval 2 min schedule for codeine or ethanol injections. Both codeine and ethanol were effective in the initiation of variable-interval responding; responding was maintained over a range of codeine (0.003-1.0 mg/kg/injection) and ethanol doses (32.0-560 mg/kg/injection). Maximum rates of responding were obtained at the 0.01 mg/kg/injection codeine dose (0.14 responses/sec) and at the 180 mg/kg/injection codeine dose (0.19 responses/sec). Rates of responsing were bitonic functions of the reinforcer dose for both codeine and ethanol; maximum rates were obtained at intermediate doses and lower rates occurred at the extremes of the dose range. Both codeine and ethanol showed within-session decreases in responding across the range of reinforcer doses. Codeine-reinforced responding declined in rate within the one-hour session without a similar change in the frequency of drug injection; in contrast, both ethanol-reinforced responding and the frequency of ethanol injections declined within each session across a range of doses. Increasing or decreasing the codeine dose half-way through the one-hour session resulted in increases or decreases in codeine responding compared to controls. These data indicate that the progressive decline in codeine-reinforced responding is not the result of a generalized disruption of responding. PMID- 828272 TI - [Metabolism of steroid pharmaceuticals. 9. 5alpha-and 5beta-hydrated metabolites of 4-chloro-17-alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstadien-3-one in vitro by the rat and in vivo by the baboon]. PMID- 828273 TI - Events surrounding the early development of Euglena chloroplasts XI. Protochlorophyll(ide) and its photoconversion. PMID- 828274 TI - Pheophytins and the photosynthetic reaction center. PMID- 828275 TI - [Diagnostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid IgG determination by radial immunodiffusion]. AB - The concentration of immunoglobulin G in 455 cerebrospinal fluids has been determined. The results obtained are discussed together with the corresponding total protein and gamma-globulin values. Classification by seven constellations and their assignment to four groups of diseases (acute and inflammatory diseases, chronically inflammatory diseases, E. d., and tumors) allows valuable information to be obtained about the diagnostic significance of IgG determination in the cerebrospinal fluid. This is true especially of E. d. and also applies to an assessment of the activity of inflammatory processes. It is evident from the results of these studies that an evaluation of the IgG value is not possible without considering the total content of protein. The value found for the quotient (see article). PMID- 828276 TI - Effects of inferotemporal lesions on the behavior of monkeys. PMID- 828278 TI - The chromosomal arrangement of coding sequences in a family of repeated genes. PMID- 828277 TI - Sequence analysis of eukaryotic mRNA. PMID- 828279 TI - Heterogeneity of the 3' portion of sequences related to immunoglobulin kappa chain mRNA. PMID- 828280 TI - [Analytical expressions of the energy dissipation of high energy electron beams (author's transl)]. AB - The energy dissipation of high energy electron beams in water, assuming a "continuous slowing down", is expressed by means of the "transport" and "age diffusion" equations: this allows the automatic calculation of the dose distribution in space. The agreement between calculated and measured values is discussed. PMID- 828281 TI - [Accelerators in radiotherapy; analysis of the features of betatrons (author's transl)]. AB - The physical, mechanical and dosimetric features of betatrons are described and discussed. Reference is also made to difficulties that may arise and the limitations associated with their employment as electron accelerators in radiotherapy. PMID- 828282 TI - [Determination of fecal fat in patients without steatorrhea. Standardization of the test]. PMID- 828283 TI - [Characteristics of the absorption surface of the intestinal epithelium of Alouatta caraya]. AB - Electron microscopy of the absorption surface of the jejunal epithelium of the howler monkey Alouatta caraya showed the presence of core filaments implanted at the level of the terminal web in the microvilli. These microvilli are 5 to 7 mum long and up to 5 mum thick, their extraordinary development is attributed to a conditioned adaptation of the species to its feeding habits and nature of absorption. PMID- 828284 TI - [Hybridization of male Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, k8k2) X female C. Jacchus (Linneacus, 1758), and artificial growth of the hybrid newborn (Callitrichidae, primates)]. PMID- 828285 TI - [Quadruple pregnancy of triple-hybrids in duplo-hybrid Callithrix (Callitrichidae, primates)]. PMID- 828286 TI - [Clinical aspects of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 828287 TI - [Serological diagnosis of human hydatidosis]. PMID- 828288 TI - [Interpretation of human electrocochleographic data]. PMID- 828289 TI - [Comparison of antigens among 3 strains of Toxplasma gondii and one of Besnoitia jellisonii]. PMID- 828290 TI - [Risk of drugs contaminated with microorganisms]. PMID- 828292 TI - Cellular immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. PMID- 828291 TI - [1st finding of Triatoma tibiamaculata Pinto, 1926 naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 828293 TI - Ascariasis and toxocariasis. II. Difficulties in the differential serological diagnosis employing a Toxocara canis antigen. PMID- 828294 TI - Immunology of Chagas' disease I. Circulating antigens in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 828295 TI - Differences in the susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi strains to active chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 828296 TI - [Study on the use of Rhodnius neglectus in xenodiagnosis in opossums (Didelphis)]. PMID- 828297 TI - Lung responses and platelet release reaction following induced intravascular platelet aggregation in the cat. AB - Pulmonary microembolism secondary to intravascular platelet aggregation causes a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance and a decrease in dynamic lung compliance. The relationship between these lung responses and the platelet release reaction was investigated in the cat. Repeated episodes of platelet aggregation were induced by intravenous infusions of either ADP or collagen. Platelet release was evaluated by serial determinations of the plasma concentration of platelet factor 4 (PF-4). An increased plasma concentration of PF-4 was found after the initial episode of such induced intravascular platelet aggregation. Consecutive infusions of an aggregating agent still elicited vigorous lung responses, but no further increase in the plasma concentration of PF-4 was observed. There are different possible explanations for this lack of correlation between the lung responses and the PF-4 release. It may well be that the pattern of release for PF-4 does not reflect those release events which result in pulmonary smooth muscle contraction. Alternatively, but less likely, pulmonary smooth muscle constriction and platelet release could be fully independent phenomena. PMID- 828298 TI - In vitro studies of antimicrobial effects of biological dressings. A comparison of the effect of human cadaver split skin grafts; irradiated and deep frozen porcine split skin; and fresh split skin from living humans and pigs. AB - The in-vitro antimicrobial effect of certain biological dressings was analysed. Glass basins lined with inverted human or pig skin treated and stored in various ways were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Glass basins served as controls. Human split skin from cadavers or living donors, deep frozen or preserved in Histocon and fresh-frozen pig had marked inhibitory activity. Heated skin and beta-irradiated pig skin did not have this effect. The antimicrobial effect was not observed during the first 2 hours of incubation but was present after 24 and 48 hours. It was not dependent on serum factors, It is concluded that when a biological dressings is used, advantage should be taken of its bactericidal activity, as infection is often a problem in sound dressing. PMID- 828299 TI - Current trends and recommended changes in extended-care placement of mental patients: the Illinois system as a case in point. PMID- 828300 TI - Macrodactylia fibrolipomatosis. AB - The clinical, pathologic, and roentgenographic features of macrodactylia fibrolipomatosis described are based on 40 cases from the literature and five cases seen by the authors. This condition previously has been described as macrodactyly, megalodactyly, macrodystrophia lipomatosa, dactylomegaly, and local gigantism. We believe macrodactylia fibrolipomatosis is the best term because it describes the characteristics which separate this condition from other forms of macrodactyly. Macrodactylia fibrolipomatosis is a form of macrodactyly noticed soon after birth. Usually affected are multiple adjacent digits on the lateral aspect of the hand or the medial aspect of the foot, although a single digit may be involved. Roentgenograms show bony enlargement, often with medial deviation in the hand and lateral deviation in the foot. The soft tissues ventral to the affected bones are diffusely enlarged and are predominantly of fat density, commonly mixed with bands of denser connective tissue. The cause of this rare condition is obscure but it may be related to fibrofatty tumors, often found at surgery, impinging on nerves supplying the enlarged digits. PMID- 828302 TI - [Present-day state of public health economics]. PMID- 828301 TI - Management of intermittent esotropia. AB - Management of patients with intermittent esotropia having either normal or high accommodative convergence to accomodation (AC:A) ratios is discussed. Treatment should be based on liberal use of miotics to build up fusional reserves and use of hyperopic corrections or bifocals or both whenever specifically indicated. Divergent fusional reserve training is time-consuming and the cost/benefit ratio so low that most patients and doctors prefer the former treatment. PMID- 828303 TI - [Etiology of diabetic polyneuropathy]. PMID- 828304 TI - [Diabetic ketoacidosis in children and means of its correction]. PMID- 828305 TI - [Thyroid crisis associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 828306 TI - Adaptation to chronic dialysis: a two-way street. AB - While dialysis is a medical advance that enables people to live who would otherwise die, it is often experienced as an ordeal by those who must live with it. Patients and staff experience difficulties in their adaption to chronic dialysis. A program that accepts all patients, regardless of motivation and stability, carries with it the responsibility of offering care in a way the patient can tolerate and of providing a regimen within the context of his personality structure and social adaptation. PMID- 828307 TI - Building a collaborative network. AB - The treatment of children who require long-term hospitalization cannot remain encapsulated within the hospital. Collaborative efforts must be established within a network of community physicians, health specialists, and facilities. Each child is treated within the context of his family and community, even while hospitalized. Such treatment plans can be conceived and carried out only when there is a commitment to develop and maintain a viable collaborative treatment network. PMID- 828308 TI - Soft services: a major, cost-effective component of primary medical care. PMID- 828309 TI - Social work in the nursing home: a need and an opportunity. AB - Working on a Nursing Home Demonstration Project seeking alternative forms of care for this "abandoned" population, and testing the cost-effectiveness of these forms, is the vantage point from which the social worker involved assessed how her professional skills meshed with patient needs. How patients' levels of functioning and behavior were improved through the exercise of administrative, educational and practice skills is defined. PMID- 828310 TI - Geriatric day care in theory and practice. AB - Geriatric day care is currently receiving considerable attention as an alternative to institutionalization for a certain segment of our nation's chronically ill and impaired elderly. There are, however, few clear descriptions of day care and even fewer programmatic guidelines. In an effort to clear up some of the issues, this paper (a) defines geriatric day care and describes various types of geriatric day care centers, (b) discusses the place of day care in the long-term care continuum, and (c) describes the Levindale Adult Day Treatment Center as one model of geriatric day care. PMID- 828311 TI - Pulmonary and systemic effects of stored vs fresh blood in traumatized, shocked baboons. PMID- 828312 TI - Effects of infusion of human vs baboon serum albumin on pulmonary interstitium. PMID- 828313 TI - Role of lymphatics in preventing hypooncotic pulmonary edema. PMID- 828314 TI - Detection of Pseudomonas antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 828315 TI - Pancreatic islet transplantation and hyperparathyroidism in diabetic rats. PMID- 828316 TI - The relationship between immune competence and nutrition. PMID- 828317 TI - Effects of protein nutrition on cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 828318 TI - Islet transplantation following prolonged warm ischemia of rat neonatal donors. PMID- 828319 TI - Transplantation of syngeneic and xenogeneic pancreatic islets in genetically diabetic mice. PMID- 828320 TI - Quantitation of gallbladder function and effect on bile salt metabolism in primates. PMID- 828321 TI - The mechanisms of autoregulation in the spinal cord. PMID- 828322 TI - Elevated red cell sodium concentration in patients in shock: sources and significance. PMID- 828323 TI - Predicting survival after a bullet injury to the brain: the death equations. PMID- 828324 TI - Effect of high and low doses of steroids on head injuries. PMID- 828325 TI - Effect of elevated serum ammonia on intracranial pressure. PMID- 828326 TI - Countercurrent exchange of testosterone in the primate spermatic cord. PMID- 828327 TI - Resistance transfer from Alcaligenes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burned and unburned germfree mice. PMID- 828329 TI - The fine structure of a parasitic ciliate Terebrospira during ingestion of the exoskeleton of a shrimp Palaemonetes. AB - The ciliated protozoan, Terebrospira chattoni, invades the exoskeleton of the shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, eating out long galleries parallel to the surface of the exoskeleton. Solubilization of the exoskeleton occurs around an area of the elaborately infolded surface membrane at the anterior of the organism. Dissolved products of the digestion of the exoskeleton are taken into the body by the formation of coated vesicles at pores in the membrane. The surface membrane that is taken in by pinocytosis is apparently recycled by the introduction into the membrane of organelles implicated in membrane recycling in other ciliates. Acid phosphatase can be demonstrated on the surface membrane as well as in the endocuticle around the organism. PMID- 828328 TI - Route of administration and portal vein amino acid concentration. PMID- 828330 TI - The three-dimensional aspect of mammalian lung multilamellar bodies. AB - The three-dimensional aspect of rat and monkey lung multilamellar bodies was demonstrated in lipid retained thin sections. The glutaraldehyde and urea lipid retention embedment and an Epon 812 resin polar dehydrant procedure were utilized to retain lamellar lipids for precise morphological study. The unextracted multilamellar bodies were found to conform to a general, though complex, three dimensional structure. A model that demonstrated that structure was derived. Freeze-etch and extracted material were shown to support the model. Mature multilamellar bodies were from 1-2-1-6 mu in diameter and were 1-0-1-6 mu high. Each body contained a matrix core that included from 2-25 vesicular bodies and was in contact with the limiting membrane at the matrix plate. Most bodies had from 25-70 lamellae attached for 360 degrees to the projection plate. Microtubules were seen in communication with the matrix core. When sectioned in longitudinal section, lamellae projected from the base plate and coursed parallel to the limited membrane of the top half of the body. Any cross-section produced circular lamellae without apparent attachment. Oblique sections sometimes produced both 'stacked' and 'circular' lamellae. Four postulates of multilamellar body formation were discussed in light of these findings. PMID- 828331 TI - The high resolution ultrastructure of the periodicity and architecture of lipid retained and extracted lung multilamellar body laminations. AB - High resolution electron microscopy was utilized to study the periodicity and architecture of rat and monkey, lung multilamellar bodies. In lipid retention embedments and polar dehydrants, the lamellar width (LW) was defined as a lipid bilayer. The osmiophilic band that contained two layers of phospholipid heads (PH) of adjacent lipid bilayers in immediate opposition and the translucent band or fatty ah = 35-38 a, fa = 31 a; hydroxyethyl methacrylate glutaraldehyde and urea embedment or fatty acid tail layer(FA) were also measured: glutaraldehyde and urea embedment, LW=66 A, PH=35-38 A, FA=37 A; Epon 812 resin polar dehydrant, LW=66 A, PH=35-38 A, FA=31 A; hydroxypropyl methacrylate polar dehydrant, semihomogeneous matrix without laminations. There was no interlamellar space, so that lamellar width was also the periodicity. In slightly extracted material the PH layer was usually the site of extraction. These results were considered in light of the previously reported measurements of extracted, lipid retained and frozen etched material. In vivo lamellae are probably 66 A wide, composed of 35 38 A PH and 31 A FA layers and do not exhibit an interlamellar space; Lamellae were observed to fracture at the FA layer at bends, to bifurcate and to anastamose. PMID- 828332 TI - Effects of intravenous cocaine on food maintained behavior in monkeys. AB - Two Macaca mulatta and one macaca java monkey were trained to press a key for food pellets on a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule which required consecutive key-press responses to be spaced at least 20 sec apart in order to produce reinforcement. When behavior had stabilized, the monkeys were administered either 0.0,0.05,0.10,0.25, or 0.50 mg/kg of cocaine i.v. during daily sessions. Cocaine produced a bi-component, dose-dependent effect. Immediately following cocaine infusion there was a dose-related complete cessation of responding which began and ended abruptly. Following this postinfusion pause, a dose-related behavioral disruption in the form of shortened inter-response times was observed. PMID- 828333 TI - [New specialized nutritional products in the diets of patients with lesions of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 828334 TI - Incidence, growth and antigenicity of fibrosarcomas induced by Teflon disc in mice. AB - Subcutaneous sarcomas were induced in BALB/c, C3Hf/Dp, and C57BL/He female mice by implantation of a Teflon disc or by injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). The incidence of DMBA tumors was homogeneously high (60-86%) in the 3 strains, and the latency varied from 16 to 26 weeks from treatment. Teflon-induced tumors developed, in the BALB/c, C3Hf/Dp, C57BL/He mice, in 44, 94, and 30%, with a mean latency of 78, 61, and 82 weeks respectively. Evaluation of the growing capacity of 4 DMBA-induced and 14 Teflon-induced fibrosarcomas at the first and second transplant passage showed that Teflon tumors grew faster and needed a smaller cell dose to take than the DMBA tumors. Transplantation type antigens were detected only on the chemically induced tumors. Cross-reacting antigens were detected on 3 of the 5 Teflon-induced tumors by an in vitro assay for cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 828336 TI - A method for mass cultivation of sessile peritrich protozoa. PMID- 828335 TI - Observations on trichodinids endocommensal in fishes. PMID- 828337 TI - Studies on a macronuclear endosymbiont of Spirostomum ambiguum. I. Isolation of the microorganism from the macronucleus. PMID- 828338 TI - Studies on a macronuclear endosymbiont of Spirostomum ambiguum. II. Ultrastructural comparison of the in situ and the cultivated endosymbiont. PMID- 828339 TI - Parasitic protozoa from marine and euryhaline fish of Newfoundland and New Brunswick. II. Microsporida. PMID- 828340 TI - Notes on Ichthyophthirius multifilis, a ciliate parasitic on fresh-water fishes, with some remarks on possible physiological races and species. PMID- 828342 TI - Revision and checklist of the species of the aseptate gregarine genus Lecudina. PMID- 828341 TI - Characterization of the species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex. PMID- 828343 TI - Preservation of subcellular structures via the combined Langmuir trough-critical point drying technique. PMID- 828344 TI - Long-acting thyroid stimulator protector assay as a basis for identification of subgroups of Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 828345 TI - Prostaglandins are overproduced by the kidneys and mediate hyperreninemia in Bartter's syndrome. AB - In summary, the cardinal features of the syndrome of renal juxtaglomerular hyperplasia include overproduction of plasma renin activity, elevation of plasma angiotensin II concentration, elevation of aldosterone secretion and of plasma aldosterone concentration, hypokalemic alkalosis, and a resistance of arterioles to the pressor action of angiotensin II and norepinephrine. In the present studies, elevation of urinary PGE2 but not of PGF2alpha has been demonstrated. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase with indomethacin or ibuprofen has been shown to decrease plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration and secretion rate, leading to a positive potassium balance and restoration of normal plasma potassium. The inhibitors decreased and glomerular filtration rate, and induced sodium retention. The results indicate that overproduction of PGE by the kidneys is a cardinal feature, but not necessary the primary one, in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 828346 TI - [Application beta-therapy of melanomas of the vascular membrane of the eye]. PMID- 828347 TI - [Effectiveness of oxyclozanide in cattle naturally invaded by Liorchis scotiae trematoda]. AB - The paper reports on the results of the clinical tests for the effectiveness of oxyclozanide pure substance (produced by ICI, U.K.) in cattle naturally invaded by the paramphistomata Liorchis scotiae. Helminthological dissection, performed 21 days after a single application of 15 mg oxyclozanide per 1 kg 1. w., revealed 87.5% intenseffectiveness on sexually mature paramphistomata on 85% intenseffectiveness on juvenile paramphistomata. The extenseffectiveness of the chemical was equal to zero. The coprological examinations performed for the three weeks in one-week intervals after therapy showed a decline in the number of produced eggs. The animals were given the medicated feed containing oxyclozanide only after preceding starvation. The chemical did not produce any unfavourable side effects or signs. PMID- 828348 TI - [Follow-up of occurrence of protozoa in the nasal cavity of pigs in relation to atrophic rhinitis]. AB - Ninety-five pigs, twelve suffering from atrophic rhinitis, were examined for the presence of protozoans in their nasal cavity. Tritrichomonas suis was isolated only in a single case in a diseased boar representing 1.09% of the set. Amoebae of the Vahlkampfia genus were detected in two pigs (2.1%). The axenic cultures of the two protozoans isolated from the pigs were not pathogenic to laboratory animals. No etiological relation of Tritochomonas suis to atrophic rhinitis was demonstrated. PMID- 828349 TI - [Colitis cystica profunda in inflammatory psedomembraneous dysentery in pigs]. AB - The authors examined 32 cases of dysentery in pigs at the age of about 16 weeks. From the morphological viewpoints, the lesion was a disease of the large intestine characterized by a pseudomembranous, croupous, or even diphtheric inflammation of the intestine and by a conspicuously small pyogenic component in the inflammatory exudate in propria mucosae. The colon contained glandular intestinal structures, corresponding to the human disease colitis cystica profunda, situated exclusively at the sites of lymphatic folicles. The study of series incisions demonstrated that in the given cases of the dysentery of pigs colitis cystica profunda is the result of the entropium of intestinal mucous membrane into the submucosa. The residues of pressed lymphatic tissue contained multiple Russell's corpuscles of plasmocellulal origin--this is proved by oxyphilla and by the positive finding in the PAS reaction and in the Weigert method of fibrin testing. PMID- 828350 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of Vibrio coli isolated from inflammatory pseudomembraneous swine dysentery]. AB - The paper presents the basic morphological and biochemical characteristics of seven microaerophilic vibrio cultures isolated by the membrane filtration method from the colon mucous membrane of pigs diseased with dysentery. For growth, the cultivated strains needen oxygen reduction; in the dark field they showed a typical active movement producing catalase and oxidase, reducing nitrates to nitrites, and tolerating the presence of 1% and 3% sodium chloride concentrations in the growth medium. No culture grew in the presence of 1% glycine and 5% NaCl and no culture produced hydrogen monosulphide. All showed good growth in media with carbohydrates which, however, were not attacked. With respect to these characteristics and to literature data, the microbes were classified as Vibro coli, whose isolation had been reported by some authors in relation with dysentery in pigs (Roberts, 1956; Deas, 1960; Lussier, 1962). PMID- 828351 TI - [Changes in the concentration of estrone, estradiol and estradiol in the blood of pregnant ewes]. AB - A chemical method was used for the study of the concentration of the three main groups of oestrogens in the blood of five ewes after mating in natural heat. The concentration values of all the three groups of oestrogens was found to increase in proportion with the length of gravidity. From the 30th to the 140th day of gravidity the average concentration values of oestrone increased from 309 to 1380 ng per 100 ml blood, those of oestradiol from 48 to 192 ng per 100 ml blood. Significant changes were recorded in oestrone between the 50th and 60th day and between the 130th and 140th day of gravidity; in oestradiol and oestriol such changes occurred on the 140th day of gravidity. PMID- 828352 TI - [Arsenic contamination in imported sea fish and fish products made from them]. AB - The rate of arsenic contamination in sea-fish is, in comparison with freshwater fish, relatively high. An investigation of five kinds of sea-fishes--of mackerel, herring, cod, tunny, and plaice--that are most frequently put on the market showed that a permitted value up to 1 mg As per 1 kg of fish meat was found only in 24.0% of mackerel, 9.5% of herring, 33.4% of cod, 57.0% of plaice and 0.0% of tunny. Further investigation of dressed fish--of fillets--revealed that 15.8% of herring fillets and 0.0% of cod fillets met the permitted value. The values of a majority of studied sea-fish samples ranged from 1 to 2 mg As per 1 kg: 52% of mackerel, 63.5% of herring, 66.6% of cod, 43% of tunny, 28% of plaice. It is necessary to revalue the permitted values of arsenic content in sea-fish and in products made from their meat and to defend the upper limits of the permitted arsenic value, which will require the purposeful organization of effective laboratory tests the results of which will directly influence an estimation of fish raw material and will provide the corresponding hygienic quality of fish and fish products. PMID- 828353 TI - [Laboratory control of disinfectant effectiveness of sodium dichlorisocyanurate]. AB - The level of active chlorine was determined to reach 59% in the first part of the trial; this corresponds to data asserted by the producer. In the solubility test, the preparation was classified as well-soluble. The determined sodium dichlorisocyanurate dilution coefficient suggests that increasing concentrations of the active substance do not imply any significant reduction of the time needed for exposure, and considering the value of the temperature coefficient (1.166) use can be considered as possible at different temperatures of environment, especially at lower temperature levels. During the effectiveness determinations on tissue carriers, 100% disinfecting effect was achieved at a 0.1% weight concentration per volume after five minutes of exposure against E. coli and Staph. aureus germs. For brief information, theeffectiveness of sodium dichlorisocyanurate on the spores of Bacillus subtilis was also examined. At the concentrations of 0.1% and 1% weight per volume, no favourable result was obtained even after 120 minutes of exposure. When buliding material was used as carriers (metallic sheets, bricks, wood, concrete) the total of 192 smears were prepared. Each of the carriers was adjusted in two positions--horizontal and vertical. 100% effectiveness against the germs of S. aureus was obtained at the concentration of 0.35% active chlorine (0.6% wt. per active chlorine concentration as ls carriers in the Chloramin B comparative test (28% act. chlorine). The comparison of effectiveness on the basis of the same concentrations of active chlorine in both chemicals revealed that sodium dichlorisocyanurate is repeatedly effective at a 0.020% active chlorine concentration. In Chloramin B the active concentration was 0.13% active chlorine. PMID- 828354 TI - Evidence for chemical communication in primates. PMID- 828355 TI - Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 828356 TI - Vitamin E. PMID- 828358 TI - [The evidence of precipitins in Aspergillus caused disorders of the lung as a diagnostic method (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given about serologic results of 27 aspergilloses, mostly aspergillomas. The evidence of antibodies directed against aspergillus species was carried out by radial diffusion according to OUCHTERLONY and immunoelectrophoretically. Filtrate antigens ("metabolic antigens") were used troughout. The positive yield lies in about 90%. Regarding the criteria for evaluation no positive reactions were seen in a control group of 140 patients with serious tuberculosis and other lung disorders. The method is emphasized as diagnostic mean for clearing up shadows of the lung and for pathogenetic control of aspergillus--grown from lung materials. PMID- 828357 TI - [Parenteral feeding during radiotherapy of oncological patients]. AB - Radiotherapy is found to induce a number of metabolic changes in oncological patients. These are manifested in the loss of intracellular elements: kalium, nitrogen and retention of extracellular elements: sodium and water. An adequate parenteral feeding with calories rich fat emulsions and readily absorbed aminoacid mixtures might correct metabolic shifts occurred as a result of radiotherapy and provide for a complete course of radiation treatment. PMID- 828359 TI - [Specific desensitization of pollinosis by various allergen extracts (author's transl)]. AB - During an observation period of 3 years questionnaires as well as examination results of 155 patients suffering from pollen allergy were evaluated with the aim to determine the efficiency and side effects of aqueous (SEVAC, Prague) and depot (SSW, Dresden) allergen extracts used in the GDR for desensitization. It was found that the rate of success increased with desensitization treatment continued over several years independent of the allergen extract used. When aqueous allergen extracts are administered the therapeutic success of the preseasonal as well as the perennial desensitization was shown to be significantly greater. We found fewer side effects using depot extracts. PMID- 828360 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the central nervous system]. AB - Report on a 31-year-old man who fell ill from a meningoencephalitis in Boeck's disease. The course was subacute, in which case at first meningitic, later on focal encephalomeningitic symptoms stood in the first place. In the post-mortem examination a severe epitheloid-cellular granulomatosis of brain, spinal cord and their meninges was established. An affection of the lungs, of the bronchopulmonary lymphatic nodes, liver and spleen was also to be verified. It is referred to the diagnostic difficulties and the evident variability of the clinical picture of a cerebromeningeal sarcoidosis. PMID- 828361 TI - [Determination of human vitamins B 12 resorption]. AB - In order to establish the absorption of vitamin B12 in the human body at present several methods are used. When the retention of the whole body is measured nearly no restricting conditions are connected with the methodically exactest declaration. The retention of the whole body can be determined by means of simple measuring arrangements. Special attention is to be paid to the initial or reference value, the establishment of which often becomes problematically by the dynamics of metabolism. In the case of the study of the vitamin B12 metabolism by means of the measurement of the retention of the whole body the reference value should be determined at the earliest after 90 minutes; then the relative retention is to be measured after 4 days or later. The method is most agreeable to the patient and does not depend on the help of the patient. PMID- 828363 TI - [Adenosine-dependent death of Hydrogenomonas eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) H 16 (author's transl)]. AB - Heterotrophic growth with fructose and autotrophic growth with hydrogen and carbon dioxide was entirely inhibited by adenosine at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml in Hydrogenomonas eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) H 16. Growth inhibition was not accompanied by a detectable uptake of the nucleoside. Adenosine caused a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis, followed by a decrease in nucleic acid formation. Enzyme synthesis was also impared, whilst cell respiration remained uneffected. Adenosin also caused a drastic but temporary decrease in viable cell counts. Cells incubated in presence of adenosine and fructose for several days, however, were no longer susceptable to this nucleoside. Adenosine-dependent growth inhibition turned out to be contingent upon the nature of the organic substrate. Cells growing with succinate, glutamate or peptone were less effected than cells, growing autotrophically or with fructose. No inhibition was observed in fructose-growing cells, if amino acids were also present in the medium. Several other nucleosides tested, did not show such growth inhibition, except desoxyadenosine, which, however, did not effect viable cell counts. PMID- 828362 TI - [Heat lability of the gene under physiologic conditions: biophysical, molecular genetic and gerontologic aspects]. PMID- 828364 TI - [Influence of amnioscopy on the development of fetal infection]. AB - Bacteriologycal examinations of vaginal swabs from the cervix obtained during 45 amnioscopies, demonstrated a rise in culture positivity after the 2-nd and 3-rd amnioscopies. Bacteriologycal examinations in the same women on the 2-nd and 3-rd days of puerperium demonstrated a change of bacterial flora with appearance of more virulent flora. The problem of possible "ascending" infections or hospital infections is discussed. PMID- 828365 TI - [On the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and light with regard to its syncarcinogenic effects (author's transl)]. AB - The rapidly growing pollution of the human biosphaere with potentially carcinogenic agents gives increased relevance to questions concerning the interaction of both chemical and physical agents in carcinogenesis. One such combination of environmental agents - that between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and light - which heretofore has received little attention from workers in the field of environmental research, was investigated in the present paper. The phototoxic (cytotoxic) effects of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons was demonstrated using ciliates of the species Tetrahymena pyriformis as the sensitive substrate. The experiments were conducted both with the chemically pure compounds and with native soot containing the adsorbed hydrocarbons. The following results were obtained: 1. Phototoxicity for ciliates of the highly carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene may still be demonstrated in dilutions containing but 2 ppb (mug/l) of the substance, while the non-carcinogenic benzo(e)pyrene and fluorenthene are only weakly toxic in much higher concentrations. 2. The combination of benzo(a)pyrene and fluoranthene produced neither an additive nor a quenching effect, i.e., the resulting phototoxicity merely reflected the action of benzo(a)pyrene. 3. No phototoxic effect was observed in case of the fluorescent carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, in concentrations up to 200 ppb. This is taken to indicate that the property of fluorescence of carcinogenic substances by itself does not account for the phototoxic phenomenon. 4. The intense phototoxic activity of native soot ingested by the ciliates was shown to be dependent on the amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons contained. 5. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the soot particles by extraction with benzene resulted in the loss of phototoxic activity. PMID- 828366 TI - Listeria-encefalitis in cows through litter from a broiler-farm. AB - In a loose-housed herd four cows are emergency-slaughtered, within some weeks, because of symptoms of encefalitis. From the brains of these cows, as well as from the litter, coming from broilers, that had been put in the cow-stables before, Listeria monocytogenes type 4b has been isolated. At the same time an investigation was made from faeces/intestinal contents of broilers. Out of the contents of 2.373 intestines, 1% of about 2.300.000 broilers ready for use, coming from 146 farms, 4.1% L.monocytogenes has been isolated. Six broiler farms are infected, at two farms it occurred even for the second time. Three times it concerned L.monocytogenes type 4b, two times type 1 and one strain could not be serotyped. PMID- 828367 TI - [On the growth of various Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)]. AB - The behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. Sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. It was found that Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. In the mineral salt solution survived also Providencia, E. coli, Erwinia, Hafnia, and Alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100000/ml. When the salts used were added stepwise potassium phosphate and especially magnesium sulfate showed a growth-promoting effect. PMID- 828368 TI - Comparison of three culture media for the detection of aflatoxin forming strains of Aspergillus flavus in bread. AB - The suitability of the media of Hara et al. (4) Bothast and Fennell (2) and Reiss (5) for the detection of aflatoxin forming Aspergillus flavus in bread was tested in comparison. The first two media allowed the most precise identification of this mold who was among eight common bread molds the sole producer of aflatoxins (as confirmed by thin-layer chromatography). Because of its simple mode of preparation and handling the "Aspergillus differential medium" (ADM) of Bothast and Fennell (2) is recommended for routine screening tests in bread microbiology. PMID- 828369 TI - [Mutual relations between plastic materials and bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - The complex problems of microbiological degradation of synthetic plastics and a fairly wide variety of 62 testing materials, belonging to 14 major groups of plastics, are described. Adaequate and reliable testing techniques had to be devised. Drawing on the experiences of H. Braun, 1930, and of Bushnell and Haas, 1941, as to the metabolism of bacteria and the utilization of certain hydrocarbons by microorganisms, and previous research work by A. Schwartz in Berlin, 1959-60, on microbial corrosion of plastics, methods of laboratory testing were developed. The bacteriological technique was based on selection of aerobic microorganisms, which were, by starvation, adapted to use the plastic materials as their only carbon source; foreign carbon sources had to be strictly eliminated; emphasis was laid on proper, double control cultures. The test organisms involved included P. aeruginosa and fluorescens strains, also a certain species of Candida, and mixtures of soil, sewage and garbage organisms grown on exposed plastic surfaces. By means of series of passages the selective adaptation and conservation of these organisms was continued up to 4 1/2 years. An anaerobic adaptation method for Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was developed and used successfully. After preliminary experimentation (Soil burial, sewage and garbage exposure tests) in the laboratory as well as in the open, a large scale Field testing programme under realistic and to some extent extreme conditions was implemented: Nine different plastic materials comprising eight plain high polymer plastics and for comparison one synthetic Cellulose derivate, together with glass control samples, were exposed in twelve different sewage, garbage, and soil media over a period of 3 months to 2 years, and subsequently examined. On the basis of the bacteriological results obtained from the adaptation series the test materials were classified into three categories, corresponding to the stimulation of bacterial growth: Group one, which allowed strong proliferation, included certain types of plasticized P.V.C. and Cellulose esters, as expected, and, as a new result, Polyurethane rubber; the latter showed clear signs of surface corrosion. Group two, which induced a clear but moderate growth, comprised a nylon trade type of Polyamide. Gruop three, allowing weak but still recognisable growth, included Formaldehyde pressure resing (Bakelite). This was surprising as it was thought that the formaldehyde and phenol components would exert a bacteriocidic or at least bacteriostatic effect. The results of the long and time consuming adaptation series with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were confirmed by the manometric dissimilation method of O. Warburg by means of the Braun/Melsungen apparatus. With this subtle but elegant procedure results and graphical recordings were obtained within hours and days... PMID- 828370 TI - [Swimming plastic toy-animals as biotopes of microorganisms and possible source of infant infections (author's transl)]. AB - Infants are particularly jeopardized as regards oral infection, because they like to put all kinds of things in their mouth. In swimming plastic toy-animals, which are mainly used in bathtubs and from which children might suck water into their mouths, more than 4 million germs/ml (when rinsed with 5 ml tryptone/NaCl solution) were found. In addition thereto, the liquid contained various types of enterobacteriaceae such as Serratia marcescens (up to 150000/ml) as well as P. aeruginosa (up to 80000/ml). 19 of the toys from seven different households were "commodities" as defined by the German Food Law. If these items are used according to purpose, however, the concentration and dissemination of pathogens or facultative pathogens is unavoidable. PMID- 828371 TI - [Combined appearance of an intracranial and spinal meningioma in a case of Recklinghausen's disease]. AB - In a young man with Recklinghausen's disease a large dextral wing-of-sphenoid meningioma and a spinal meningioma were extirpated at an interval of one month. A couple of months later further interventions were necessary because of a bilateral acoustic neurinoma. The patient's mother had multiple intracranial meningiomas and also a bilateral acoustic neurinoma. The medical history of the patient is reported. Also discussed are problems associated with the diagnosis of the spinal meningioma. PMID- 828372 TI - [Heterogenicity of the intracellular potential of Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria]. AB - Studies have been made on intracellular potenital of the contractile infusorium S. ambiguum. To immobilize the infusorians, they were embedded into gelatin. This procedure made it possible to record intracellular potential for several hours. Heterogeneity and heterochronism of intracellular potential were demonstrated which reveal themselves in its rhythmic changes and spontaneous shifts up to the inverstion of its sign. Possible morphological correlates of various levels of the potential are discussed. PMID- 828373 TI - Frontal lobe lesions and social behavior in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri): a pilot study. AB - The social behavior of nine squirrel monkeys (Saimiri) before and after lesions of the orbital and dorsolateral granular frontal cortex is described. Two methods of reintroducing the operated animal in its group are contrasted. The problems encountered in this kind of study are discussed in some detail. PMID- 828374 TI - [Experments on the mechanism of action of vascular spasmolytic agents. I. Effect nitroprusside sodium, nitroglycerine, prenylamine and verapamil on the arrested potassium contracture of isolated coronary arteries]. AB - On the potassium contracture of isolated coronary arteries of cattle, the relaxation effected by calcium depletion can be blocked by lanthanum ions. The contracture persisting in calcium-free solution (arrested potassium contracture) is used to differentiate the sites of attack of spasmolytics. Verapamil and prenylamine are ineffective in this contracture model. By contrast, nitroprusside sodium and nitroglycerol as before act spasmolytically. Thus, both groups of drugs act through basically different sites. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the spasmolytic action of verapamil and prenylamine is based on a blockade of calcium influx. For nitroprusside sodium and nitroglycerol such a mechanism on the arrested potassium contracture has to be ruled out. PMID- 828375 TI - [Experiments on the mechanism of action of vascular spasmolytic agents. II. Action of nitroprusside sodium, nitroglycerin, prenylamine and verapamil on the lanthanum contracture of isolated coronary arteries]. AB - On isolated coronary arteries of cattle, lanthanum causes after preceding calcium depletion by EGTA a contracture which is independent of the presence of extracellular calcium. Nitroprusside sodium and nitroglycerol act on this contracture strongly relaxing in the same concentrations that were active on the potassium contracture. In contrast, a very low spasmolytic effect is demonstrable for verapamil on the lanthanum contracture, and prenylamine is without any statistically significant influence. Nitroprusside sodium and nitroglycerol and act by a mechanism entirely different from that of verapamil and prenylamine. PMID- 828376 TI - Thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. A follow-up study with special reference to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test. AB - 193 patients operated on for hyperthyroidism were examined at follow up a mean 4.5 years after operation (range 1-6 years). The patients were examined clinically and biochemically. It was found that 4.6% had a permanent paralysis of the recurrent nerve and 2.6% a permanent hypoparathyroidism. Recurrent hyperthyroidism was found in 2.6%. The patients were grouped according to the results of basal S-TSH and the TRH-stimulation test. Within the groups it was found that all patients with a normal basal TSH were clinically euthyroid. 35 patients had a raised basal TSH or a hypothyroid pattern in the TRH-test, or both. Among these, 14 clinically hypothyroid patients were found. The remaining 21 patients were euthyroid clinically and were classified as subclinically hypothyroid. The levels of basal TSH were significantly higher in subclinically hypothyroid patients than in euthyroid patients and still higher in clinically hypothyroid patients. The response to TRH stimulation was also higher in the hypothyroid patients than in the subclinically hypothyroid patients. It was also found that the proportion of clinically hypothyroid patients was significantly higher, after 5 years than after one year. Since it cannot be decided if the patients with a subclinical hypothyroidism are at risk for manifest disease a close follow up of these patients is recommended. PMID- 828377 TI - Further studies in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828378 TI - Hyperalimentation in anephrics. PMID- 828379 TI - Parenteral hyperalimentation in patients and animals with abnormal liver function. PMID- 828380 TI - Hyperalimentation in face of hepatic insufficiency: a new approach [proceedings]. PMID- 828381 TI - Total parenteral nutrition by portal vein in canine pregnancy [proceedings]. PMID- 828382 TI - Use of a 10% l-amino acid solution with glucose in pediatric parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828383 TI - Parenteral nutrition in prematures. PMID- 828384 TI - Parenteral nutrition in infants: biochemical findings. PMID- 828385 TI - Hormonal adaptation in infants on total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.). PMID- 828386 TI - Plasma post heparin lipolytic activity (P.H.L.A.) before and during total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.) in children. PMID- 828387 TI - Preparation of infusion for total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828388 TI - Studies on intravenous nutrition in rats. PMID- 828389 TI - Vitamin requirements in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). PMID- 828390 TI - Value of prospective Candida precipitins in hyperalimented patients. PMID- 828391 TI - Variations of immunocompetence compared to nitrogen balance in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828392 TI - The effects of intravenous hyperalimentation on plasma proteins in severe hypercholesterolemia [proceedings]. PMID- 828393 TI - A new method to determine adequate requirements of electrolytes in intravenous nutrition. AB - (1) The amount of urinary electrolyte excretion is compared with nitrogen balance to determine an adequate requirement of electrolytes. The principle of this method is based on the relationship between the change of nitrogen balance and of ICF volume. (2) The adequate concentration of inorganic phosphorus and of potassium are estimated as about 1 mM/1 and 30 mEq/1 respectively, where the solution contains 27.4 g of nitrogen and 181.8 g of glucose per 1 liter. As far as sodium, chloride, magnesium and calcium, no reliable estimates are obtained. (3) The principle and the method are proved to be valid under some limitations. PMID- 828394 TI - Zinc deficiency in two infants during total parenteral nutrition for intractable diarrhea. PMID- 828395 TI - Zinc deficiency during intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 828396 TI - History and basic concepts of parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828397 TI - Essential fatty acid, copper, zinc and tocopherol deficiencies in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828398 TI - Trace elements in children on total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.). PMID- 828399 TI - A trial on the evaluation of the effectiveness of parenterally administered amino acid mixture. PMID- 828400 TI - The effect of nitrogen balance and other parameters of varying doses of intravenous protein and calories. PMID- 828401 TI - The level of urea in blood as a measure of efficiency of amino acid mixture for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828402 TI - Free amino acids in serum and urine postoperatively in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) a study of the effects of an amino acid solution supplied at two levels. PMID- 828403 TI - Parenteral nutrition with a new amino acid solution. PMID- 828404 TI - A parenteral model to study amino acid requirements of functioning ruminants. PMID- 828405 TI - The utilisation of solutions of amino acids in healthy human beings and under stress condition, studied with 15-N'-glycine. PMID- 828406 TI - Amino acid concentration in plasma after gastro-intestinal, intraportal and intravenous administration of crystalline amino acids. PMID- 828407 TI - Nitrogen-sparing effect of fat emulsion compared with glucose in the postoperative period. PMID- 828408 TI - A comparison of enteral and parenteral nutrition in rats. PMID- 828409 TI - Carbohydrate infusion in surgical patients a therapeutic dilema. PMID- 828410 TI - Total parenteral alimentation (TPA) with a combination of carbohydrates in surgical patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 828411 TI - 30 p.c. glucose versus a balanced mixture of levulose, glucose and xylitol (LGX) in TPA of intensive care patients. PMID- 828412 TI - "Cyclic hyperalimentation" - an optimal technique for preservation of visceral protein mass. PMID- 828413 TI - Studies on the metabolism of maltose administered intravenously in diabetic patients. PMID- 828414 TI - Metabolism of intravenously injected fat emulsion. PMID- 828416 TI - Comparison of two intravenous feeding regimens including fat emulsion in the rat. PMID- 828415 TI - Elimination of parenterally administered fat. Studies on removal sites for intralipid in normo-and hyperlipidaemic subjects. PMID- 828417 TI - Non protein energy sources in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828418 TI - Role of fat emulsion in complete parenteral alimentation. PMID- 828419 TI - Methods for complete intravenous nutrition with fat. PMID- 828420 TI - Further studies on the utilization of I,3-butanediol as a source of energy in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828421 TI - Dose requirement of fat emulsion as a source of essential fatty acid in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 828422 TI - Platelet dysfuction after intravenous infusion of fat emulsion. PMID- 828423 TI - Metabolic effect of infused amino acid solutions during anesthesia and surgical stress. PMID- 828424 TI - Free amino acids in plasma and urine in the post-operative and post-traumatic period. PMID- 828425 TI - Malnutrition in cardiac patients: results of a prospective, randomized evaluation of early postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN). PMID- 828426 TI - A compact portable prosthesis for total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.) : ambulatory parenteral feeding in the hospital and home. PMID- 828428 TI - Total artificial nutrition and extensive surgery in cancer patients [proceedings] . PMID- 828427 TI - Parenteral nutrition in pediatrics: evaluation in amino acid metabolism for the composition of infusates. PMID- 828429 TI - The effects of hyperalimentation on major surgery in patients with malignant disease: a prospective study. PMID- 828430 TI - Hyperalimentation and its problems in the cases of long term nutrition. PMID- 828431 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease - a new method of treatment. PMID- 828432 TI - Total parenteral nutrition and inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 828433 TI - The use of essential amino acids for parenteral nutrition in patients with chronic and acute renal failure. PMID- 828434 TI - Parenteral nutrition in the management of acute renal failure. PMID- 828435 TI - High calorie essential amino acid parenteral therapy in acute renal failure. AB - Analysis of data from a heterogenous, acutely ill series of 192 patients with acute renal failure confirmed earlier reports of diminished BUN and serum potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous in association with hypertonic dextrose and essential amino acid intake suggesting urea reutilization and decreased catabolism. Based on serum creatinine levels, renal function appeared to improve somewhat, but mortality appeared to be little changed by treatment. Comparison of these results with the dramatic effects on survival and renal function reported earlier suggests that infusion of hypertonic dextrose and essential amino acids may result in earlier return of renal function and a greater chance of survival in selected patients with few complications and potentially reversible acute renal failure. PMID- 828436 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the degenerating nurse cells of late ovarian chambers of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 828438 TI - [Specific and non-specific functions of the amygdaloid body]. PMID- 828437 TI - [Central control of hunger and satiation and energy metabolism]. PMID- 828440 TI - Studies on megacinogeny in Bacillus cereus. I. Multiplication of phage wx causing lysogenic conversion to megacin A (phospholipase A) production. AB - Phage wx capable of reconverting Bacillus cereus strain W derivatives, cured to lose megacin A (phospholipase A) production into megacin A-producing cultures, exhibits unusual kinetics of multiplication; its clear mutant, phage wxc, behaves similarly. The phages are not adsorbed by stationary phase indicator bacteria. As sonicated bacteria fail to inactivate the phages, the absence of adsorption cannot be attributed to an undersurface localization of the receptors. Multiplying bacteria exert a slow and slight degree of phage adsorption. Cells inhibited by chloramphenicol produce no receptors. It has been assumed that the receptor, produced from a precursor involved in bacterial cell synthesis, either absorbs the phage in the nascent state or is incorporated in the cell and loses its phage-adsorbing capacity. PMID- 828439 TI - Role of C1 in the complement activating effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide preparations. AB - The complement consumption of endotoxin preparations extracted by the trichloroacetic acid or phenol-water method from different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was measured in normal human and guinea pig serum and in serum chelated with Mg2+-EGTA. In the chelated serum, which was essentially Ca2+-free, the first component of complement (C1) could not exert its function. All preparations tested consumed considerably less complement activity in chelated than in normal serum. The proportion of CH50 units fixed in Mg2+-EGTA and in normal serum was always higher in the tricholoracetic acid extract than in the phenol-water extract of the same strain. The part of LPS molecule that was able to activate the complement system in Ca2+-free serum was partially separated from the C1 requiring part by the combination of different extraction methods. The results suggest that on the LPS molecules two different sites are responsible for the complement activating effect through the classic and the alternative pathways. PMID- 828441 TI - Studies on megacinogeny in Bacillus cereus. II. Bacillus cereus isolates characterized by prophage-controlled production of megacin A (phospholipase A). AB - Five out of a number of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from soil produced high titre specific bacteriocin (megacin A) in mitomycin C-induced cultures. In the course of cultivation with ethidium bromide, the strains gave off segregants not producing bacteriocin (cin-). The lysate of two wild strains formed plaques on the corresponding cin- bacteria. The two phages (wx23 and wx26) were identical in antigenic structure with phage wx was present in the lysate of B. cereus strain W, and converted cin- derivatives into cultures producing megacin A (phospholipase A). The phages produced plaques at 26 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. In the lysates of the remaining three strains phages were not detected with biological and morphological methods; these cultures have been assumed to carry defective prophage genome. As the corresponding prophages are responsible for the determination of inducible phospholipase A production, phages named wx seem to form a separate group of B. cereus phages. PMID- 828442 TI - Incidence of niacin negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. PMID- 828443 TI - [Improper antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 828444 TI - Treatment of lupus nephritis. PMID- 828445 TI - Glomerular metabolism in the normal rat and under various experimental conditions. PMID- 828446 TI - The quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome. AB - A specific relationship between P. malariae and the nephrotic syndrome, originally postulated on epidemiologic evidence, has been substantiated by clinical, pathologic and immunologic observations. It would appear that quartan malaria causes an immune complex nephritis in some individuals that, once established, is sustained by mechanisms not yet fully explained but which may involve an autoimmune process. Evidence to support an immunologic pathogenesis of the renal lesions is provided by the presence of immunoglobulin, complement (C3) and quartan malarial antigen in biopsy specimens studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. In early cases in which some patients respond to treatment, fluorescence is coarsely granular but in late cases in which patients are unresponsive to treatment, fluorescence tends to be diffuse. Renal histology is distinctive and does not conform to any of the categories included in the conventional classification of the nephrotic syndrome in childhood. The basic lesion consists of thickening of glomerular capillary walls, leading to eventual obliteration of capillary lumina, and accompanying mesangial sclerosis leads ultimately to total glomerular sclerosis. A unique feature of electron microscopy is the presence of small lacunae scattered throughout the thickened capillary basement membrane. Histologic grading for severity of lesions shows positive correlation with response to treatment and immunofluorescence appearances. Prognosis is, in general, poor. The large majority of patients do not respond to treatment with prednisolone, azathioprine or cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone administration causes severe hypertension and other serious complications in a high proportion of patients. PMID- 828447 TI - Nonexcretory renal influences on body fluid volumes and hemodynamics. PMID- 828449 TI - Bacteriuria and kidney damage. AB - Chronic pyelonephritis is a disease of childhood that is carried on into adult life. Children under the age of 4 in whom UTI, vesicoureteric reflux and pyelotubular backflow coexist appear to be particularly at risk of developing kidney damage. Attempts to prevent kidney damage in adults by detection and treatment of covert UTI are doomed to failure because persistent bacteriuria in the adult is a consequence of underlying abnormality of the urinary tract rather than its cause. Our main hope for the prevention of kidney damage associated with bacteriuria and reflux is to detect and treat these conditions at the earliest possible age. The controlled trials of the value of treatment of bacteriuria and vesicoureteric reflux in childhood that are in progress in various centers in the United Kingdom should be allowed to continue and medical opinion as to the value of such treatments should not be allowed to crystallize before the results of these trials are known. PMID- 828448 TI - Nutritional problems in patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 828450 TI - Prediction of antibiotic nephrotoxicity. PMID- 828451 TI - Experimental lupus: a disorder of immunologic regulation. PMID- 828452 TI - Virus B hepatitis in hemodialysis centers. PMID- 828453 TI - Progress in hemodialysis 1974 -- 1975. PMID- 828454 TI - Recipient presensitization: a critical survey. PMID- 828455 TI - [Fluorescein fundus angiography of small animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 828456 TI - Prinzmetal's angina with coronary artery spasm. Angiographic, pharmacologic, metabolic and radionuclide perfusion studies. AB - We studied the effects of coronary artery spasm on perfusion of the microvasculature in a patient with Prinzmetal's angina. Intracoronary injections of 99mTc and 131I-labelled macroaggregated human serum albumin were performed (1) at rest, (2) during spontaneous angina, (3) after the administration of nitroglycerin and (4) during pacing-induced spasm and the resultant scans compared. The resting scan was normal. Pain and spasm were associated with a perfusion defect that was localized to the anterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle. The localization of the perfusion defect corresponded with angiographically demonstrated spasm involving left anterior descending and distal circumflex coronary arteries. A subsequent myocardial infarction was localized by 43K scanning to the same perfusion area. Metabolic and parasympathetic stimulation studies were performed but were inconclusive. The patient's recurrent pains were ultimately controlled with large oral doses of isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 828457 TI - Nitroglycerin: new concepts about an old drug. PMID- 828458 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin on atrioventricular conduction in man. AB - His bundle electrograms were performed on 10 patients with organic heart disease. Six patients had had a recent myocardial infarction. Recordings were made at various rates utilizing right atrial pacing. Nitroglycerin, 1/150 gr, was administered to all 10 subjects, and the P-A, A-H, H-Q and H-S intervals were determined before, and immediately after the disappearance of the sublingually administered nitroglycerin. A significant decrease in the A-H interval occurred with negligible effects on the P-A, H-Q and H-S intervals. At the atrial pacing rate of 100/min, the average A-H interval fell from the control value of 152 msec to 129 msec after the administration of nitroglycerin (p less than 0.02); at the pacing rate of 130/min, the A-H interval decreased from 194 to 133 msec (p less 0.05). Second degree heart block occurred at higher pacing rates in six patients after nitroglycerin administration as compared to the control value. The average postsuppression sinoatrial recovery time control value of 1,083 msec decreased to 906 msec after nitroglycerin administration (p less than 0.01). These findings demonstrate that nitroglycerin can improve conduction through the A-V node. PMID- 828459 TI - [Causes of hereditary diseases and the possibility of their perinatal diagnosis]. PMID- 828460 TI - Cebo-anancephaly. AB - A case of cebocephaly associated with anencephaly, preauricular appendages and single umbilical artery in a stillborn full term female fetus is described. The changing nomenclature of the median faciocerebral defects, which has led to an apparent confusion, is discussed. It is felt that paucity of literature on cebocephaly is partly due to missed diagnosis of these cases in the absence of a competent teratologist. PMID- 828461 TI - [Morphologic criteria of surface studies by electron microscopy and classification of lymphoproliferative syndromes. Critical study]. AB - Surface associated immunoglobulins (s.Ig) have been detected on human lymphocytes, in normal individuals and in disease, by an immunoelectron microscopic method using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. Experiments have been carried out on fixed cell suspensions, in order to avoid membrane alterations induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. Normal human blood B lymphocytes have a villous surface. However this relationship between microvilli and detectable s.Ig, as found in the normal state, is not confirmed by examinating various T and B cell proliferative states. Thus surface morphology alone is not sufficient for classifying cells in disease. The precise nature of mononuclear cells from hairy cell leukemia remains nuclear. PMID- 828462 TI - [The resistance of "Pseudomonas" to antibiotics and heavy metal: minimal inhibitory concentrations and genetic transfers (author's transl)]. AB - The antibiotic sensitivity of 43 strains of Pseudomonas and the minimal inhibitory concentration of mercurial derivatives (5 mineral salts and 4 organics compounds) and of silver nitrate to these microorganisms have been studied. Twelve of these strains were P. aeruginosa of hospital origin, and 31 were Pseudomonas from surface water. Resistance against these inhibitory substances let us to established some connections between the different strains. Some strains were selected to transfer resistance markers by conjugation. PMID- 828463 TI - [Elimination from the digestive tract of a "gnotoxenic" child of a "Lactobacillus casei" strain, isolated from a commercial preparation: antagonistic effect of an "Escherichia coli" strain of human origin, demonstrated in "gnotoxenic" mice (author's transl)]. AB - A strain of Lactobacillus casei from a pharmaceutical preparation became established in the digestive tract of an axenic child. It was eliminated by the first bacteria occurring after inoculation of the child's digestive tract with a human flora, before the child was taken out of the isolator. Using "gnotoxenic" mice, we found that the elimination of L. casei was due to a bactericidal effect of the Escherichia coli of human origin, within the digestive tract. PMID- 828464 TI - [Comparative studies of two alphavirus by macroplaque assays and by a fluorescent focus method in Vero cell lines (author's transl)]. AB - Immune anti-Sindbis and anti-Chikungunya ascitic fluids have been titrated by the classic way of plaque reduction and by a quick fluorescent focus method using an indirect staining. The results are comparable, allowing to consider the use of this quick and inexpensive technic for counting-assays by neutralization. PMID- 828465 TI - Disposition of narcotics and narcotic antagonists. PMID- 828466 TI - Interactions of narcotic antagonists. PMID- 828467 TI - Evaluation of narcotic and narcotic antagonist interactions in primates. AB - Multiple and single drug interactions were studied in morphine-dependent monkeys whose dependency was maintained by self-infusion. Naloxone, naltrexone, and cyclazocine precipitated abstinence syndrome which the animals generally controlled with increased morphine intake. Methadone and L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) initially reduced, then increased, the morphine intake. Multiple interactions were studied using ethanol, seconal, diazepam, amphetamine, and diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 828468 TI - Susceptibility to amphetamine-elicited dyskinesias following chronic methadone treatment in monkeys. AB - Eight rhesus monkeys that had drunk subdependence-producing doses of methadone daily for 10-22 months, and had subsequently been drug-free for 2-17 months, were injected with low doses of methamphetamine (MA). They immediately exhibited oral dyskinesias resembling the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia in humans, a condition resulting from chronic blockade of striatal dopamine receptors by neuroleptics. Eleven control monkeys failed to develop dyskinesias during prolonged MA administration. Control monkeys then received parenteral methadone, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, or saline for 45 days. Upon subsequent retest with MA, the methadone and chlorpromazine monkeys immediately displayed oral dyskinesias. Dopaminergic antagonists blocked MA-elicited dyskinesis, whereas neither a noradrenergic blocker nor sedative doses of phenobarbital and diazepam had any effect on dyskinesias. We suggest that receptor supersensitivity is produced by chronic treatment with methadone or other dopamine receptor blockers. Following treatment, stimulation of hypersensitive striatal receptors by the dopamine released by MA results in oral dyskinesias. The clinical implications for methadone maintenance treatment program patients are discussed. PMID- 828469 TI - Interactions of hallucinogens at the clinical level. PMID- 828470 TI - Interactions of behavioral effects of drugs. PMID- 828471 TI - Behavioral methods for the study of drug interactions. PMID- 828473 TI - [Surgical treatment of equinus deformities of the ankle following burns]. PMID- 828472 TI - Aspects of tolerance to and dependence on cannabis. AB - Tolerance at all levels of complexity in the brain involves "learning" in the sense of the acquisition of compensatory adaptations to the consequences of the presence of a drug-produced disturbance in function. Depending on the function, species, and dose of cannabis, "tissue tolerance," behaviorally augmented (to provide the presence of the disturbed function) or not, develops at different rates or not all (e.g., to impairment of the logical sequence of thoughts, to which no tolerance has yet been demonstrated). "Dispositional tolerance" (increased rate of metabolism of delta 9-THC due to enzyme induction) may play a role in the development of tolerance or "reverse tolerance" to cannabis in man. There is evidence that for the label "high," placebo effects may account for the "reverse tolerance" seen in experienced users on smoking (but not on ingestion of delta 9-THC or placebo) along with evidence of residual tolerance to other not-so labeled effects of the drug. Dependence on cannabis, in the sense of abstinence phenomena on abrupt withdrawal of delta 9-THC, has been demonstrated in monkeys made tolerant to delta 9-THC given four times daily for about 1 month. In man, physiologic marijuana abstinence signs have not been demonstrated, but behavioral (and some physiologic) abstinence phenomena have been reported in heavy users of hashish or ganja. The between-dose hyperirritability and dysphoria reported to occur in experimental studies on chronic marijuana intoxication may actually be early and short-lived abstinence changes. In the West, where marijuana with relatively low delta 9-THC content is widely smoked, dependence in the sense of drug-seeking behavior appears to be less a function of any pharmacologic reinforcing properties the drug may have than of secondary (conditioned) reinforcement derived from the social milieu in which the marijuana is smoked. In cultures where marijuana of higher delta 9-THC content, hashish, or ganja is used, pharmacologic reinforcement (through suppression of abstinence changes) may play a greater role in maintaining drug-seeking behavior. PMID- 828475 TI - [Pituitary response to TRH during pregnancy and puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - Pituitary reserves in TSH, during pregnancy and post-partum, were studied by TRH tests. TSH levels in sera were determined by two sensitive and specific radio immunological systems. In all casses (42 tests) after intravenous injection of 200 mug of TRH a positive response in TSH was observed. Basal TSH levels (1.52 +/ 0,28 muU MRCA/ml), peak values and duration of the response after TRH were similar to those observed in a control group of non pregnant-women. PMID- 828474 TI - [Dosage of prolactin in normal and pathological subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Homologous radioimmunoassay of human prolactin was performed and used to investigate the secretion of this pituitary hormone under normal and pathological conditions. The following data were developed in this paper: --During the menstrual cycle, prolactin levels are more elevated during ovulatory and luteal phases than during follicular phase; --During pregnancy, prolactin levels progressively increase to reach their maximum at the end of gestation; --During lactation, prolactin levels increase for the two days following delivery, then progressively decrease; --Bromocryptine oral administration drastically reduces prolactin levels within the 24 hours as it inhibits the prolactin release normally induced by suckling. Assays of prolactin is useful to define the role of this hormone in the genesis of the galactorrhea. Bromocryptine as L Dopa reduce the hyperprolactinemia either functional or tumoral in origin. TRH provokes prolactin release which is more pronounced in females than in males. Pituitary prolactin reserve may be appreciated in several pathological conditions. It appears to be of first interest to assess the residual function of the pituitary gland after surgical removal of adenoma. Depuis 1971, la prolactine humaine peut etre dosee dans les milieux biologiques par methode radio-immunologique (G. BRYANT et coll., 1971; M. L'HERMITTE et coll., 1972; H. FRIESEN et coll., 1972; SINHA et coll., 1973). En 1974 nous avons propose une methode de dosage radio immunologique homologue (A. REUTER et coll., 1976). Grace a celle-ci nous avons explore la secretion de cette hormone hypophysaire dans certaines conditions normales et pathologiques. PMID- 828476 TI - Pituitary responsiveness to intravenous perfused thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 828477 TI - Pituitary response to thyrotropin - releasing hormone (TRH) In Addison's disease. PMID- 828479 TI - [Hyperreactivity of the thyreotropic function to the TRF in three cases of primary male hypogonadism (author's transl)]. PMID- 828478 TI - Reaction to thyrotropin - releasing hormone (TRH) in anterior pituitary failure. PMID- 828480 TI - [Stimulation of prolactin liberation induced by TRH. Value as a diagnostic test in gynecology]. PMID- 828481 TI - [Synthesis of TRH (author's transl)]. PMID- 828482 TI - [Etiopathogenetic approach to the treatment of viral-bacterial pneumonias]. AB - The efficacy of aerosols of leukocytal interferon used in complex with antibacterial and other medicamentous agents was studied during influenza epidemic in 1975 due to Port-Chalmers virus of influenza A with increased numbers of viral-bacterial pneumonia. The viral-sta-phylococcal etiology of the infection was confirmed in 80 per cent of the cases under stationary conditions. Various microorganism and most often Staph aureus were isolated in addition to the viruses from the patient's sputum and washings and their antibioticograms were determined. The studies showed that the complex treatment of the patients with virologically and serologically confirmed diagnosis of the disease resulted in decreased duration of the disease, less pronounced intoxication and more rapid resorption of the changes in the lung tissue. PMID- 828483 TI - [Isolating and enriching broths of Salmonellae]. AB - The Authors have tested in 3 isolating and enriching broths some Salmonellae; the broths are available commercially (MUELLER-KAUFMANN broth, LEIFSON broth and HAJNA GN broth) and they tested their inhibitory capacity (concerning the growth of intestinal saprophyte flora) and their enriching capacities with regard to the various types of Salmonellae also. The method used consists in an exact evaluation of the increase percentage of the germs which were put to incubate in the broths at 37 degree C for 6, 15 and 24 hours. On completing the tests it is clearly evident that the MUELLER-KAUFMANN and the LEIFSON broths are far superior to the HAJNA broth (which proved to be not very activated in decreasing the growth of the intestinal saprophytes). At the same time, it should be pointed out the opportuneness of effecting the re-transplantation from the Salmonellae broths only after 24 hours, in order to permit a more abundant growth of the Salmonellae (and therefore easier and surer isolation) without, at the same time, observing an appreciable interference by the common intestinal saprophytes. PMID- 828484 TI - [Further researches on antimicrobial agents involvement in urine bacteriological analysis (author's transl)]. AB - A further investigation on about 2700 urine samples for testing the presence of antimicrobial drugs (spot-test) has been carried out. Bacteriostatic agents were present in 35% of all samples analysed, Of these, 47% were urines producing no growth on culturing, 10% had a bacterial count of 10(4) and 43% of 10(5) or more. The frequency of the spot-test positive samples was correlated to the origin from the different Hospital Departments. Gram-positive bacteria were the most represented in the samples without antimicrobial agents, while the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rised in samples with antimicrobial drugs. Under both conditions no significant variation in the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern was noted in organisms isolated from the urines. Only indole-positive Proteus appeared to be more sensitive when isolated from samples containing no antimicrobial agents. PMID- 828485 TI - [Study on biochemical activity of many strains of Pseudomonas isolated from various morbid forms (author's transl)]. AB - The AA. refer the results of a series of bacteriological proofs on many strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated in Messina (Italy) from various pathological matters. The proofs permit a classification of the strains as Ps. aeruginosa (91.66%) and Ps. putida (8.34%). PMID- 828486 TI - Cell membrance ionic permeability and mitochondria changes during 4-dimethyl aminoazobenzene carcinogenesis. AB - In rats fed 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene there is an increase of calcium and sodium in liver accompanied by a decrease of magnesium and potassium. This influx of extracellular cations is explained as the result of cell membrane modifications due to the carcinogen action. Mitochondria show the highest calcium content at the time of maximum tumor incidence. The interrelation between cell membrane permeability changes and mitochondria damage through calcium overloading as a cancer triggering event is discussed. PMID- 828487 TI - [Studies on biological characterization of mammary tumours of the Sprague-Dawley Rat in the syngeneic tumour-host system. II. Establishment of transplantable mammary tumour lines (author's transl)]. AB - 7 spontaneous and 33 DMBA-induced mammary tumours (Huggins-tumours) of different histological types were transplanted subcutaneously; of these tumours 4 transplantation lines were established. PMID- 828488 TI - [The reaction of iodohydroxyquinolinesulfonic acid with nitrite]. PMID- 828489 TI - [A new synthesis for arborine and 4(1H)-quinazolinones with analogous structures, 2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 828491 TI - [Pathoanatomical characteristics of pseudotuberculosis in Macaca mulatta]. AB - Pathologo-anatomic investigations of organs of 81 monkeys who had died of pseudotuberculosis were carried out. The disease was characterized by pronounced polymorphism of changes with predominant lesions of the peritoneal cavity organs- the spleen, liver, intestinal and mesenterial lymphatic nodes. Granulomas appeared consisting of reticular cells with admixture of neurophilic, eosinophilic leucocytes with necrosis in the centre. Pseudotuberculosis in monkeys, as to its clinical and patho-anatomic features, has very much in common with that in man, however, in monkeys the disease has a much severer course and with a considerable per cent of fatal outcomes among the diseased animals. PMID- 828490 TI - Ultrastructural changes induced by freezing and thawing in Listeria monocytogenes (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). PMID- 828492 TI - [Anatomic causes of heart failure in chronic Chagas cardiopathy (myocarditis) studied comparatively with the anatomic causes of heart failure in other cardiopathies. II]. PMID- 828493 TI - Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: a possible explanation in terms of spatial organization of chromosomes. AB - Male recombination and female sterility, two aspects of hybrid dysgenesis in D. melanogaster, have been studied in crosses between a locally collected wild population and laboratory strains. Dysgenesis occurs in the F1 hybrid of such crosses only if the wild type is used as male parent and the laboratory strain as female, suggesting an interaction between genotype and cytoplasm. However the results from further crosses are difficult to interpret in terms of a conventional genotype-cytoplasm model, and suggest that for dysgenesis to occur it is necessary that the wild-type chromosomes be contributed by the male parent. Furthermore, receipt of any of the three major wild-type chromosomes in crosses to laboratory females is sufficient to cause hybrid dysgenesis. A model in terms of spatial organization of chromosomes is put forward to explain these results. It is postulated that (1) normal nuclear functioning requires a definite spatial organization of chromosomes, which is presumably achieved by chromosome-membrane associations, (2) chromosomes are inherited from the female parent with spatial ordering preserved, i.e. membranes and associated chromosomes are handed on directly from the female parent, (3) spatial ordering is not necessarily preserved in male gametes, and paternally derived chromosomes carry information enabling them to become correctly organized within the zygote nucleus, and (4) hybrid dysgenesis results when the chromosome(s) from the male of one strain lack the information to become correctly organized in the nucleus of a second strain. The model seems to explain all aspects of the results, and offers the possibility that the present system may yield information on the genetics of membrane development and other aspects of spatial organization in the normal nucleus. PMID- 828494 TI - The long-term management of cystinuria. PMID- 828495 TI - Balance studies of nine elements during complete intravenous feeding of small premature infants. PMID- 828496 TI - Extreme hypernatraemia in a child receiving gastrostomy feeding. PMID- 828497 TI - [Effect of chemicals on rabbits when injected into the testicles. Differences in effects depending on mode of application (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments were performed on male rabbits observing the changes in the fractions of protein, glycoprotein, lipoprotein and lipid of the blood. The effect of scarlet R and p-dimethylamino-azobenzene (methyl yellow) was examined. When a solution of scarlet R or p-dimethylamino-azobenzene in paraffin oil was injected into the testicles of the experimental animals the effect was different from any other route of introduction. p-Dimethylamino-azobenzene caused no significant change in the macromolecular fractions of the blood, while scarlet R injected into the testicles caused a significant increase of the total lipids in the second week after the exposition. This effect did not occur when scarlet R was introduced by any other route. According to the authors, their findings may be viewed as a starting point for new approaches to new ideas and ways of thinking. PMID- 828498 TI - [Ascending one-dimensional thin layer chromatography in specific blood diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - A brief review of the literature on chromatography in forensic haematology is followed by a report of the results obtained by using ascending one-dimensional thin layer chromatography in specific blood diagnosis. PMID- 828499 TI - Anti-candida antibodies in human serum. Detection and definition of Ig classes by a new elution technique. AB - The Partigen Elution Test (P.E.T.), a partially quantitative method for the determination of Ig classes to which the antibodies against superficial Candida antigens belong, has been assessed. The sensitivity of the test is comparable to that of the Ouchterlony test. The P.E.T. has the advantage of simplicity, great reproducibility and absolute specificity. With P.E.T. the level of single class antibodies can be quantitated on the basis of the diameter of immunoprecipitation ring. It seems possible to establish a correlation between the number of precipitation lines in the Ouchterlony test and the diameter of the precipitation ring in LC-Partigen plates. In addition as association among the width of the ring diameter, the Ig classes implicated and the severity of Candida affection is apparent. PMID- 828500 TI - Complement profile and anticomplementary potential in mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - In six mixed cryoglobulinemias we have found the indications of a complement classic pathway activation and the fall of the total hemolytic activity (CH50): cryoprecipitate anticomplementary power was always proportional to the respective serum CH50 fall, while no correlation with its own immunoglobulin constitution was found. PMID- 828501 TI - Primary resistence of mycobacteria in tuberculosis patients. AB - Primary mycobactria resistance especially in some countries may be a serious obstacle to a successful therapy and the number of patients carrier of primary resistant mycobacteria remains almost at the same level in spite of the chemotherapeutic treatments and the usually rapid recover of the newly diagnosed cases. This may probably be attributed to the fact that the number of chronic patients, spitting resistant tubercle bacilli has remained almost the same, because these patients are eliminated little by little. In our country there is a constant regression of the morbidity, but not so rapid as expected, The newly diagnosed patients are generally young and, if well treated, they heal quickly and well; moreover, they are usually not so richly bacillised as they used to be once and the severity of their disease, globally evaluated, appears also reduced. The cultural positivity at the first admission into hospital is also diminishing. From all the above facts it is obvious that in order to eradicate tuberculosis it is necessary: First - to avoid creatin chronic patients; in order to reach this goal the treatment must be the most effective possible from the very beginning: INH and Rifampin. Second - to try to cure the chronic patients and to render them abacillary of, at least, to treat them intensively, with the purpose of inducing in the infecting flora a polyresistance which reners the mycobacteria hypovirulent, especially if it includes a R/AMP resistance over 40-gamma. Third - the role of the primary resistance in the epidemiology and the evolution of tuberculosis in the various countries and in the single patients, may be very different. PMID- 828502 TI - [Effects of ethambutol on the seminal epitheliun of the rat and chicken]. PMID- 828503 TI - [Partial purification and properties of glutathione peroxidase in the rabbit liver]. PMID- 828504 TI - [Problems of parenteral protein hyperalimentation in patients with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 828505 TI - [Interrelationship between pterinic pigments--hommochrome pigments in Drosophila melanogaster. -IV. In-vivo inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase activity by 4 hydroxypyrazol (3,4-d) pyrimidine (allopurinol)]. PMID- 828506 TI - [Biospecific chromatography of Bacillus subtilis metalloendoproteinase and detection of multiple forms of the enzyme]. AB - Metalloendoproteinase was isolated from protosubtilin, i.e. a mixture of enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis, during adsorption on activated carbon and a subsequent biospecific chromatography on DNP--hexamethylene diamine--Sepharose 4B and gramicidin S--Sepharose 4B. The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be 36.000. The preparation isolated contained four molecular forms of the enzyme, each splitting DNP-Gly-Gly-Val-Arg. It is shown that thermolysine, purified by biospecific chromatography, consists of three molecular forms. The amino acid composition of metalloendoproteinase was established. PMID- 828508 TI - Altered surface morphology of Concanavalin A transformed thymic lymphocytes as seen by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The present study records the surface architecture of normal and Concanavalin A transformed thymic lymphocytes as seen under the scanning electron microscope, employing different modes of cell preparation and fixation. Murine thymic lymphocytes have a relatively uniform surface architecture and display few microvilli, irrespective of the mode of fixation used in their preparation for SEM. When cells are incubated for 72 hours no gross changes in surface morphology are noted. After incubation with Concanavalin A for 72 hours the transformed cells display multiple microvilli and are easily distinguished from their relatively smooth normal non-transformed counterparts. The results are reviewed in the light of current knowledge on the surface architecture of lymphocytes and the factors influencing lymphocyte surface topography are discussed. PMID- 828507 TI - [Effect of iodoacetic acid and sodium fluoride on the development of lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus lactis, a producer of the polypeptide antibiotic nisin]. PMID- 828510 TI - One solution for that food service "tug-of-war". PMID- 828509 TI - Computer signal processing of long duration biotelemetric brain data. AB - The EEG represents brain processing under diverse physiological conditions. A complete system involving acquisition and quantitation of this important information about brain function is described. The time-domain EEG and other biological signals are obtained using a multichannel PAM/FM biotelemeter mounted on the head of the experimental animal. This data is transmitted, demodulated and recorded by electronic recording techniques. A computer-based EEG analysis system is described for acquiring the primary data and transforming it into the frequency domain using Fourier methods. The computing system is developed to semi automatically signal process about 4 h of eight channel EEG records. Data compression by plotting in a quasi-three-dimensional spectral profile allows visual correlations of pattern features to drug manipulations, etc. The software programs are briefly described for each step in signal processing. The feasibility of the complete system approach is demonstrated using biotelemetry to acquire low voltage EEG signals without behavioral distortions or introduction of artifacts by cables. PMID- 828512 TI - [The azygos or vertebro-parietal venous anastomotic system]. AB - This experimental work, realized on a group of 25 monkeys, aims at determining the correct circulatory direction in rachis veins and the importance of the vertebral veinous circulation in the general return circulation. Radiophysiological tests defined the azygopetal direction of the vertebral circulation, the role of the intercavous shunt of this circulation with or without obstacle, and the possibility, under certain conditions, for pelvic blood to accede to cranial sinuses. Physiopathological tests (with iode 131 and BSP) contributed to prove that vertebral veinous circulation drains 5 to 10% of lower extremity, pelvic and sus-mesocolic visceral and cranial contents circulation. PMID- 828511 TI - Ethical guidelines in management and decision making for long term care patients: can we come to some conclusions? PMID- 828513 TI - [Function of the thyroid gland in protein-calorie malnutrition]. PMID- 828514 TI - A contribution to the study of linkage disequilibrium in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Linkage disequilibrium was detected in 12 out of 30 cases involivng gene alleles and inversions in three cage populations and in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from Greece. The cage populations possessed practically the same gene pool at their origin and were maintained simultaneously under the effects of the ecological factors "food medium" and "humidity". It is dicussed that the correlation of the same direction found between the frequencies of nonallelic elements of Adh locus and In (2L) 22D-34A or In (2R)52A-56F in such different populations as American, Japanese (Mukai et al;, 1971, 1974; Langley et al., 1974) and Greek, as well as cage populations under different environmental conditions, could be attributed to the effect of epistatic selection. Moreover, it seems that the In(2L)22D-34A has a tendency to interact genetically with the alpha-Gpdh locus, particularly when the populations are maintained under crowding conditions. However, further data are needed to assess whether other cases of the observed nonrandom associations can be better explained as transient associations generated by random drift, or as the result of epistatic selection. PMID- 828515 TI - Maternally influenced embryonic lethality: allele specific genetic rescue at a female fertility locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A new locus, mel(1)R1, with a maternal effect on embryonic development, has been mapped at about 0.5 on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and localized cytologically between bands 2D6 and 3A1. Genotypically mutant embryos die if produced by homozygous mutant females but survive if produced by heterozygous females. Two mutant alleles have been isolated. One of these is genetically rescuable: when homozygous mutant females are mated to mutant males, all the embryos die, but when these females are mated to normal males, female offspring are produced. The other allele is not rescuable. Genetic rescue is dominant at this locus since females heterozygous for the two mutant alleles produce female offspring in crosses to normal males. PMID- 828516 TI - Long-term function of isotransplanted islets of Langerhans in the diabetic rat. AB - Highly inbred male rats were made diabetic by subtotal pancreatectomy. After diabetes developed, the animals were transplanted with an average of 500 isolated islets, obtained from donors of the same sex and strain, into the portal vein. Groups of islet-transplanted diabetic rats were followed for periods of 3, 6, and 14 months, during which time the performance of the transplanted islets was investigated. Control animals were followed for similar period of time. The findings obtained from each experimental group were integrated so as to provide a continuous picture of the transplanted islet's behaviour from 2 weeks to 14 months post transplantation. To assess islet performance, normal, untreated diabetic, and transplanted animals were subjected to three stimulatory tests of insulin secretion: (1) oral glucose tolerance, (2) intravenous sulfonylurea, and (3) intraperitoneal L-arginine. Normal and transplanted rats were additionally subjected to one inhibitory test of insulin secretion, diazoxide (given orally). At the end of the study, control and experimental animals were killed, and morphological investigations were performed on liver and pancreas. Isotransplantation of islets in partially depancreatized diabetic rats resulted in the reversal of the condition. The transplanted islets were found to respond to physiologic and pharmacologic controls, although the characteristics of the responses were not identical with that of the normal intact islet. The results of this study have suggested that a functional development of the transplanted islets occurs. PMID- 828518 TI - Results and prospects of combined surgery and antitumor chemotherapy for lung cancer. PMID- 828517 TI - Antiestrogenic and antitumor properties of tamoxifen in laboratory animals. AB - This paper reviews the antiestrogenic and antitumor properties of tamoxifen (NSC 180973; ICI-46474) in the rat. In classic tests for antiestrogenic activity, tamoxifen inhibits the actions of estradiol in the rat uterus and vagina. At the cellular level, tamoxifen inhibits estrogen binding to cytoplasmic estrogen receptors, but although estrogen-receptor units are translocated to the nucleus DNA synthesis does not occur. It is suggested that tamoxifen competes for estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm and the false messenger units block the nuclear acceptors which are normally activated by estradiol-estrogen receptor complexes thereby provoking DNA synthesis. Tamoxifen inhibits the growth of some 7.12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors whereas others continue to grow. Estrogen-stimulated rises in plasma prolactin are only partially inhibited by tamoxifen although at the tumor level, tamoxifen completely blocks estrogen binding. There is a linear correlation (P less than 0.01) between estrogen-receptor levels in tumor biopsies before therapy and tumor responses to 3 weeks of tamoxifen treatment (50 mug/day) i.e., tumors with low levels of estrogen receptors do not respond to therapy whereas tumors with higher levels of estrogen receptors regress. It is suggested that tamoxifen antagonizes the actions of estrogen at the tumor level by blocking the estrogen-receptor mechanism thereby producing tumor regression. Therefore, estrogen-receptor measurements in tumor biopsies before therapy may be a useful predictive test for the tumor response to tamoxifen treatment. PMID- 828519 TI - Methyl-CCNU: preclinical toxicologic evaluation of a single iv infusion in dogs and monkeys. AB - Methyl-CCNU, a compound with marked antitumor activity against the solid Lewis lung tumor in mice, was submitted to a preclinical pharmacologic evaluation. The toxicity of a single iv infusion was tested in 37 beagle dogs and 21 rhesus monkeys. The minimum lethal dose (LD) in dogs was 14 mg/kg and five of six dogs died within 7-10 days after treatment from hematopoietic toxicity with neutropenia, lymphopenia, anemia, and concomitant sepsis. Metaplasia of the intestinal epithelium also occurred. Thrombocytopenia was not observed. Dogs treated with 9.27-1.56 mg/kg exhibited reversible neutropenia and lymphopenia but survived without severe morbidity or histopathologic lesions. In monkeys, interstitial nephritis was the treatment-limiting toxicity and three of six monkeys treated with 45 or 30 mg/kg died, became moribund, or exhibited severe renal histopathologic lesions. One monkey treated with 45 mg/kg had degeneration of the testes. Survivors exhibited reversible toxicity and no histopathologic lesions. Treatment with doses as low as 7.5 mg/kg caused reversible neutropenia, lymphopenia, and anemia. The largest nontoxic dose for a single iv infusion was 3.12 mg/kg (62.40 mg/m2) for the dog and 3.75 mg/kg (45 mg/m2) for the monkey. These and earlier observations showed that methyl-CCNU had approximately one third the toxicity of CCNU. Methyl-CCNU also did not cause the delayed hepatic toxicity which is characteristic of CCNU treatment in the dog. PMID- 828520 TI - Preclinical toxicologic evaluation of dianhydrogalactitol in dogs and monkeys. AB - Thirty dogs in four different treatment schedules and 14 monkeys in a single multiple-treatment schedule were used to evaluate the toxicity of dianhydrogalactitol. Highest nontoxic, low toxic, high toxic, and lethal doses were established in single injection doses and five daily injections in dogs, and in five daily injections in monkeys. Dose ranges of 20-320 mg/m2 (single injection) and 5-80 mg/m2 (five daily injections) in dogs, and 3-96 mg/m2 (five daily injections) in monkeys were established. The monkeys were more sensitive than dogs to the low toxic dose and more tolerant to the high toxic dose in the repeated daily injections. The dose-response curves for the dogs and monkeys had similar slopes and inflection points. Because of the steep slope between the lethal dose and the highest nontoxic dose in both species, caution should be used in the initial clinical trials. PMID- 828521 TI - Toxicity, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of spin-labeled thioTEPA analogs. AB - Two spin-labeled analogs of thioTEPA, containing an iminoxyl radical, have been shown to have significant antitumor activity in several experimental tumor systems, combined with a marked decrease in toxicity compared with the parent compound, thioTEPA. Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, Guerin carcinoma, and Schweitz erythromyelosis showed complete regression using one of these analogs. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that these compounds possess particular affinity towards tumor tissue. PMID- 828522 TI - Distribution of tetrahydrouridine in experimental animals. AB - 2-14C-tetrahydrouridine was prepared and used to determine the serum levels and excretion of tetrahydrouridine by varous experimental animals. In mice injected ip with the agent (50 mg/kg), the serum level of tetrahydrouridine was maximum (76 mug/ml) at 15 minutes. For rats injected with the same dose, the tetrahydrouridine content of serum was greatest (58 mug/ml) at 30 minutes. Within 3 hours, the serum content of the drug in both mice and rats fell to less than 10% of the maximum. The kidneys of mice selectively accumulated tetrahydrouridine; the concentration rose to 275 mug/g at 1 hour after injection. Nearly all of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine of mice and rats in 24 hours. For a dog and a monkey given an iv dose (50 mg/kg) of tetrahydrouridine, serum levels of the agent were 210 and 200 mug/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes. The apparent half-lives for the initial phase of disappearance were 18 and 20 minutes and those for the later phase were 65 and 70 minutes, respectively. In 24 hours the dog and monkey excreted most of the dose as unchanged tetrahydrouridine. No metabolites were detected in the biologic samples from either species. PMID- 828523 TI - [Changes of triiodothyronine, thyrotrophic hormone and prolactin after the administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH-VUFB) in rats, monkeys, sheep and cows]. PMID- 828524 TI - Studies on carcinogenic azo dyes. VI. Effect of factors influencing drug metabolism on the NIH shift during hydroxylations of 4-dimethylamino-3' methylazobenzene and 3-methylacetanilide. PMID- 828526 TI - Studies on carcinogenic azo dyes. V. The NIH shift during the aryl hydroxylation of 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene and 3-methylacetanilide by the rat. PMID- 828525 TI - Azabicycloalkanes as analgetics. I. Synthesis of 1-phenyl-6 azabicyclo[3,2,1]octane derivatives. PMID- 828527 TI - Sterol ester hydrolytic activity of lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescence. PMID- 828528 TI - [Non-meckelian diverticula of the mesenterial intestine]. PMID- 828529 TI - [A case of congenital von Recklinghausen's disease with glaucoma]. PMID- 828530 TI - Decrease and increase in residual ridges after extraction of teeth in monkeys (part I). AB - The purpose of this study is to prevent and control the reduction of residual ridges. The subjects used in this study consisted of 19 crab-eating monkeys which were divided into four groups according to the extraction area. These categories are 1U0L group (extracted on M1), 1U5L group (extracted on M1 and M3M2M1P2P1), 0U5L group (extracted on M3M2M1P2P1), and 5U1L group (extracted on M3M2M1P3P1 and M1). Impressions were taken before the extraction. Further impressions were taken at three week, six week, three month, six month, one year, and two year intervals after the extraction in order to observe morphological changes. Casts were made immediately thereafter and the cross-sectional areas of the residual ridges were measured by a standardized method with the aid of a Kubuskraniophor and a diagraph. The measurements taken of the right side, which was operated on, and the left side, which served as the control, were compared in order to observe changes in the form of the edentulous area. The results were as follows: 1) Increase in the Residual Ridge Areas: It is highly significant that the measurements of the M1 section of the 1U5L group and the M1 section of the 5U1L group gradually decreased until the sixth week, and then began to increase until the areas were approximately equivalent to the measurements of the areas before the extraction after a two-year period. This may be due to the fact that along with the elongation of the neighboring teeth, the alveolar bone grew to such an extent that the resorption rate was surpassed. 2) Decrease in the Residual Ridges Areas: With the exception of the above-mentioned sections, almost all of other sections responded in the expected manner, that is, there was a sharp decrease in the areas of these sections. The decrease took place rapidly. Seventy to 80% of the total loss occurring over the two-year period took place in the first three months. After a sharp decline in the initial three-month period, the process continued at a slow pace. This gradual decrease after a short period of rapid decrease typifies the standard pattern of the edentulous resorption process. PMID- 828531 TI - Evaluating hospital and home treatment for psychiatric patients. PMID- 828532 TI - Meningococcal carrier rates in parts of eastern Nigeria. AB - A survey of the meningococcal carrier rate was conducted in the Nsukka area (eastern Nigeria) during an interepidemic period. It was found that approximately 10% of 1126 individuals studied carried one serogroup or other. The predominant serogroup was B (58.1%), followed by C (24.2%). The highest percentage of isolates was from the age group 11-20 years (12.00%), followed by the age group 6 10 years (10.5%). The proportion of isolations was only 6.0% in the age group 31 years and above. Isolates from urban communities were resistant to sulfadiazine: 71.43% (group A), 63.9% (group B), 80.0% (group C), and 100% (group D). The percentage of resistant isolates from the villages was lower. Ninety-five per cent of all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and erythromycin. PMID- 828533 TI - [A new monogenean parasite (Bouixella n. g.) in the Mormyridae (teleosts) of Benin]. AB - Study of the Monogenean gill parasites occuring in the Mormyrid fish from Benin (Africa). Description of a new genus, Bouixella. It differs from the other Ancyrocephalidae by the number (4) of cross bars between the haptoral hamuli. This new genus seems to bee specific of the mormyridae among which a new example of simultaneous gill parasitism by congeneric species is reported. PMID- 828534 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the organization of plasma membranes in adipocytes of obese mice (ob/ob)]. AB - Freeze-fracture replicas were obtained from adipocytes in control and obese (ob/ob) Mice. Quantitative evaluation of the replicas shows that plasma membranes of adipocytes in ob/ob Mice have 50% less intramembrane particles than plasma membranes in control Mice. Since intra-membrane particles represent, at least in part, the proteins of the membrane, this suggests a decreased protein concentration, as well as a perturbed protein-lipid ratio in adipocyte membranes of obese Mice. PMID- 828535 TI - [Changes in the hemolymph protein patterns caused by certain types of intersexuality in the oniscoides Ligia oceanica L. and Armadillidium vulgare Latr. (Crustacea, Isopoda)]. AB - The haemolymph of oostegite males of Ligia oceanica and of iM intersexes of Armadillidium vulgare gives a hyperproteinemy owing to stocking of fractions representing vitellogenic proteins of extraovarian source. The only intersexes with ovary or ovariotestis present a vitellin proteic fraction. PMID- 828536 TI - [Increase in the renal calcium-binding protein (CaBPr) in the presence of vitamin D in growing, phosphate deficient rats. Possible role in tubular calcium reabsorption]. AB - Vitamin D-dependent CaBP isolated from Rat renal cortex (rCaBP) was measured in phosphorus-depleted (OP) and control (C) Rats, either vitamin D-deficient (OD) or vitamin D-supplemented (1 or 10 i. u.). A low molecular weight fraction was isolated from renal cortex by "Sephadex G-100" chromatography and rCaBP activity quantitated by saturation analysis using a 45 Ca chelex assay. The results indicated that phosphorus deprivation resulted in the increase in the vitamin D dependent rCaBP as well as in the intestinal CaBP. As a marked hypercalciuria was noted in all OP Rats and as the rCaBP activity was high in vitamin D-supplemented Rats and hardly detectable in vitamin D-deficient Rats, the implication of the rCaBP in the large hypercalciuria can be definitely ruled out. Furthermore when vitamin D-supplementation ranged from 1 to 10 i. u. vitamin D, while the serum calcium level was increasing a decrease could be noticed in the large hypercalciuria. This deserves to be related to the increase in rCaBP activity. The high CaBP activity probably resulting from the renal synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol stimulated by phosphorus-deprivation could represent the molecular basis of the calcium tubular reabsorption increased by vitamin D. Thus a vitamin D-dependent protein implicated in an ion-selective transport could be involved in the tubular calcium reabsorption as well as in the intestinal calcium absorption. PMID- 828537 TI - [Determination of the ecdysone level in the molting cycle of the crab, Carcinus moenas: comparison between healthy individuals and those parasitized by Sacculina carcini]. AB - Radioimmunoassay is performed for a quantitative study of ecdysone in Carcinus moenas. Two periods can be determined in the moulting cycle. In haemolymph from ecdysis until beginning D0 stage, the moulting hormone content is not very high; from D0 stage until D4 stage, the hormone titer rises considerably. We can observe a similar rise in hormone content in both haemolymph and Y organ during the premolt stages. In sacculinized Crabs, the determined values of ecdysone in haemolymph and in Y organ are lower than those determined in healthy animals at the same stage. PMID- 828538 TI - [Mechanisms in the group effect of honeybees]. AB - We consider the group effect on the mortality rate of honeybees and on the development of certain of their organs the mortality rate isolate honeybee varies according to the time of year, which leads us to believe that the group effect has an alimentary origin, at least at the outset. A sensory and perhaps pheromonal origin is equally demonstrated. Moreover, there is a group effect on most of the organs studied. PMID- 828539 TI - [In vitro study of placental metabolism of (6,7-3H) estradiol -17 beta in guinea pigs]. AB - The metabolism of (6-7-3H) estradiol-17 beta was studied in vitro in different cellular fractions of Guinea Pig placenta. The substrate was transformed into free as well as conjugated (hydrosoluble) estrone. It was thus possible to conclude, on one hand the existence of a very active microsomial 17 beta-hydroxy steroid-dehydrogenase and on the other the presence of a cytosolic system of estrogen conjugation. No estradiol-17 alpha or estriol were determined. PMID- 828540 TI - [Metabolism of ecdysone in several organs of Carcinus maenas L. incubated in vitro]. AB - Tissues of the crab Carcinus maenas in premolt were incubated in vitro with tritiated ecdysone. The digestive tract, the ovaries, the testis the hepatopancreas and epidermis fragments convert into ecdysterone. This conversion, which does not occur in other organs including the Y organs, is the only important in vitro metabolic pathway of ecdysone observed in this study. PMID- 828541 TI - [The role of variable selective factors in the maintainence of polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster: models and comparison to experimental populations]. AB - During the study of Drosophila melanogaster experimental populations, the adaptiive values of three genotypes corresponding to sepia locus were measured, and a frequency dependent selection model was proposed. This model and the overdominance model are compared to the experimental populations. The fit is better with the frequency dependent selection model. PMID- 828542 TI - [Proton NMR study of the autoassociation of ethidium bromide and of a dimer of phenanthridinium in aqueous solution]. AB - The dilution shifts of the ethidium bromide 1 protons in aqueous solution lead to a determination of the self-association constant (K approximately 100 LM-1) and to the geometry of the complex. From these results, we propose a model for the folded form of the dimer: (4,7-diaza decamethylene) bis 5,5' (3,8-diamino-6 phenyl phenanthridinium) tetrachloride 2. All these results are discussed in relation with the biological properties of this dimer. PMID- 828543 TI - [A new inactivated vaccine against classical swine fever]. AB - Authors used a wild strain of classical swine fever virus Alfort A19, grown on PK15 cell culture. Virus is concentrated by ultrafiltration technique, inactivated with glycidaldehyde and then mixed with an oil adjuvant. Results have brought into evidence the absolute innocuousness of this vaccine and animals given 2 doses of 2.5 ml or 1 dose of 5 ml were resistant to a challenge 2 months after vaccination. Protection lasts one year, at least. PMID- 828544 TI - [A new genetic marker for human IgG3 linked to factor Gm (21) in caucasian and mongoloid populations]. AB - A new antigenic determinant Gm (L 1) was shown to be present on protein IgG, Gm (21) but absent on protein IgG, Gm (5). It was found present in a French family and in an Algerian family where it was transmitted with the Gm (1) and Gm (17). In caucasian and mongoloid populations it is usually associated with Gm (21) but dissociated in negroids. PMID- 828545 TI - [Changes during the six years after an experimental radioactive contamination in man]. AB - One of us has inhaled, in very well defined conditions, a mixture of radioactive substances originating from the heart of an electronuclear reactor and able to lead to a corresponding irradiation of the magnitude of the maximum permissible quarterly dose for the lungs. This internal contamination has been monitored for six years. PMID- 828546 TI - [Prevention of experimental adjuvant polyarthritis by a gallium salt in rats]. AB - On the basis of experiences proving inhibition of some immunological reactions with the ion gallium, we have demonstrated a protecting effect on adjuvant experimental arthritis of the Rat. Consequently, gallium and some metals of the same group should be proposed to treat human arthritis with immunological dysfunction. PMID- 828547 TI - [Effect of ultrasonics on isolated plasmalemmas from adult mouse liver: biochemistry and cytochemistry]. AB - Ultrasonic irradiation is applied for different conditions on plasma membranes isolated from male adult Mouse liver. Investigations of plasma membrane structures and 5'-nucliotidase activity associated with it, are carried out to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment. PMID- 828548 TI - [Typical synapses between neurons and oligodendroglial cells in the human cerebral cortex]. AB - The significance of these synapses is considered as part of a dynamic pattern of relations between neurons and neuroglia: transmission of a rapid message leading to an adjustment of the oligodendroglial cells to the functional changes of the neurons of which they are satellites. PMID- 828550 TI - [Development of the neurosecretory system of the eyestalk of larval Astacus leptodactylus salinus (Crustacea Decapoda Reptania): photon microscopy]. AB - Using the alcian blue-alcian yellow staining method, the neurosecretory system in the eyestalk of the Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus is studied during the period following the first, second, third and fourth moult after hatching. On the basis of their staining affinities, six different cell types are distinguishable, always spread over the four optic ganglia and varying in number depending upon the moment of sampling. A clearly recognizable sinus gland is present in the period following the third and fourth moult after hatching. During the successive stages, there occurs a shift in staining pattern of the sinus gland, which is also expressed by the variation in number of the various stained cell types. PMID- 828549 TI - [Adenylate cyclase in synchronized neuroblastoma cells: enzyme response during the cell cycle]. AB - Mouse neuroblastoma cells derived from cholinergic clone NS 20 were synchronized by isoleucine plus glutamine starvation. Basal adenylate cyclase activity increased linearly during the different phases of the cell cycle. Pharmacological data are presented indicating that adenosine, dopamine and prostaglandin E1 control through distinct receptors the same adenylate cyclase activity. The demonstration that basal enzyme activity and its responsiveness to the three agonists tested followed different evolution patterns during the cell cycle suggests that enzyme activity (or content) and activity (or number) of enzyme coupled receptors can be independently modulated. PMID- 828551 TI - [Regulation of cholesterol levels in plasma and liver of adult rats]. AB - The dynamics of cholesterol-system in the plasma is characterized by a parameter which is a linear function of the internal secretion of cholesterol. So, the level of plasma cholesterol from synthesis is a low as its flow is high. Moreover, the level of plasma cholesterol from diet is simultaneously proportional to the flow of cholesterol intestinal absorption and dependent on the dynamics controlled by the internal secretion. The laws of the cholesterolemia cumulate these partial laws. Similar relations concern the esterified cholesterol in the liver. PMID- 828552 TI - [Spermatogenesis after testosterone supplementation in the hypophysectomized ram]. AB - Six adult rams were hypophysectomized and immediately injected with 0,5 g (group A) or 2 g (group B) of testosterone per day for 2 weeks. Three normal rams (group C) received the solvent only. The testosterone concentrations in the testis (ng/g) were the same in groups A (23 +/- 7) and C (22 +/- 4) and 3 times higher in group B (72 +/- 18). There was an uptake of testosterone by the testis of the two supplemented groups. In the Rete Testis Fluid, the testosterone concentration was normal with 0,5 g/day (29 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). The testicular weight was maintained by the two treatments. However, spermatogenesis was abnormal in both supplemented groups; meiosis and spermiogenesis occurred normally, but the efficiency of spermatogonial divisions, as shown by the number of leptotene and zygotene primary spermatocytes, was greatly reduced (85%). The results indicate that testosterone alone in the Ram is unable to support complete spermatogenesis, which is contrary to that found in the Rat. PMID- 828553 TI - [An extremely sensitive preparation for vasotocin action: the fresh-water eel aortic bulb]. AB - Transversal and longitudinal aortic bulb strips show isometric contractions in response to the vasotocin action. The extreme sensitivity of the preparations correspond to a final hormone concentration of 8.25 X 10(-16) M. PMID- 828554 TI - [Proestral modification of plasma LH and FSH levels in rats exposed to FSH at the beginning of a 4-day cycle]. AB - Four day cyclic female Rats were injected with dosages of FSH capable of causing superovulation and or superluteinization at the end of the cycle. A decrease in plasma LH and FSH was observed during the "critical period" on the afternoon of proestrus. The exogenous FSH was then supposed to increase the number of follicles sensitive to the ovulating and luteinizing action of LH. PMID- 828555 TI - [Comparative electrophoretic analysis of the lactate NAD oxidoreductase in five species of Sphaeroma: Sphaeroma serratum, S. monodi, S. teissieri, S. rugicauda and S. hookeri]. AB - Lactate NAD oxydoreductase, occurring in five species of Sphaeroma, enable us to disclose homologies for some fractions which are the more numerous as the species are more nearly related. S. serratum stands clearly apart and the couple S. rugicauda and S. hookeri form an opposite extreme; S. monodi and S. teissieri offer some affinities. PMID- 828557 TI - [Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine in vivo and in vitro on the development of the avian skeleton]. AB - The effects produced in vivo and in organ culture on the differentiation of the somitic mesenchyme by the thymidine analog, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, are dependant on the experimental conditions. The analog can give rise to irreversible or reversible blockade of cell differentiation or to inhibitory effects of the biosynthesis of several macromolecules normally secreted by the somitic cells. In vivo, the analog causes skeletal malformations affecting particularly the lumbo sacral area and the hind limbs. PMID- 828556 TI - [Homoplastic transplantation of crayfish testes (Pontastacus leptodactylus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)) in sexual rest into normal and destalked males and females: preliminary results]. AB - Implantation of Crayfish testes in sexual rest into females leads to a new onset of spermatogenetic activity characterized by a precocious appearance of spermatocytes. However, these cells degenerate: their evolution never goes further than the pachytene stage of meiosis prophase. Abortive prophases appear continuously; this also takes place in acini which develop secondarily. Implantation of testes in sexual rest into males in the same physiological shape also leads to the precocious appearance of primary spermatocytes blocked in prophase of meiosis. However, the transplant tends to reacquire a structure similar to the one of a normal resting testis. The delay of appearance of the first spermatocytes is always shortened--less than a month instead of one month and a half--if the receptive female is destalked at the time of the implantation or if the donor male has been destalked one month before the transplantation. The interpretation of the observed phenomena is discussed. PMID- 828558 TI - [Availability of 14C-carbaryl after oral intake by pregnant rats]. AB - After a single per os administration of an anticholinesterasic drug, 1-naphthyl-N methyl 14C-carbamate to the pregnant Rat (18th day) we determine 14C activity from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, brain, heart, placenta and foetus at intervals between 1 and 96 hrs. We compare membranous transfer of carbaryl metabolites. Hemato-encephalic diffusion is slow. Intestine and placental transfers are effective from the 1st hr. and of important value. PMID- 828559 TI - [Cure of experimental hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis by sodium dichloroacetate]. AB - Sodium dichloroacetate prevents and fights against the severe hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis induced by phenformin, intense muscular work, hypoxia and by adrenalin perfusion. The beneficent effects of sodium dichloroacetate and insulin are additive. PMID- 828561 TI - [Intracellular histamine content in human basophils and individual variation in allergic persons during densensitization]. AB - A positive correlation has been found to exist between the percentage of basophiles and the histamine content in a suspension of washed human leukocytes obtained from allergic and healthy donors. The mean value of histamine per basophile was 1,9 +/- 0,3 pg. The leukocyte histamine content was measured as a function of time in a non-allergic person and during the desensitization period of allergic patients. PMID- 828560 TI - [Inhibition of interferon action by glycoprotein hormones]. AB - The antiviral action of human interferon is inhibited by thyrotropin and chorionic gonadotropin. These findings suggest that interferon and these hormones share common binding sites on the cell surface. PMID- 828562 TI - [Antiglycogen activity of rabbit antisera raised against a strain of Escherichia coli 013]. AB - Rabbit antisera raised against a strain of E. coli 013 (Su 4321/41 013 K11 H11) contain high titres of antiglycogen antibodies. This activity was evidenced through positive immunofluorescent reactions observed on liver and muscle sections. Such reactions disappeared when the sections were previously treated with alpha-amylase. They were inhibited with Oyster glycogen, phenolalcohol, perchloric acid, and trichloroacetic liver extracts. These same substances had no inhibiting activity when treated with alpha-amylase. The immunofluorescent reactions were negative on livers from Mice treated with endotoxins and insulin which are known to deplete the stores of liver glycogen. The antisera gave interfacial precipitates with glycogen and liver extracts. The same substances, as well as the LPS from E. coli 013, had a specific inhibiting activity in a radioimmunoassay test using glycogen linked to bovine serumalbumine labeled with 125I. PMID- 828563 TI - [Specificity of anti-ApA antibodies]. AB - Antibodies to ApA elicited in Rabbits by immunization with bovine serum albumin ApA conjugate have been purified by affinity chromatography. These purified antibodies react with bovine serum albumin-AMP, 8 bromo AMP, ApA conjugates as shown by gel diffusion. The association constants for the binding of antibodies and several haptens were deduced from dialysis equilibrium. The number of bound hapten molecules per antibody binding site depends upon the nature of the hapten. PMID- 828565 TI - [Mechanism of control of gonadotropin secretion (II). Dynamics of gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in the pituitary portal blood]. PMID- 828564 TI - [Interactions between normal human serum proteins and pea seed hemagglutinins]. AB - Several human serum glycoproteins are precipitated by Pea seeds phyto hemagglutinins. Various glycoproteins are identified by specific serological reactions but alpha 2-macroglobulin gives the most important precipitin reaction. PMID- 828566 TI - [Study of TRH tartrate as a diagnostic agent--cross comparison with TRH in a double blind test]. PMID- 828567 TI - Alpha-chain disease. PMID- 828568 TI - [Effects and side effects of levodopa in parkinsonism - results of a collaborative study. (6) Problems of long-term treatment of levodopa in parkinsoism]. PMID- 828569 TI - "Clubbing" -- a side-effect of long-term phenothiazines treatment. AB - A schizophrenic-paranoid patient was on a continuous maintenance treatment of phenothiazines for 5 years. 8 weeks after switching over to fluphenazine enanthlate injections intramuscularly, "clubbed fingers" occurred. The results of thorough examinations were within normal limits, so the phenothiazine treatment was presumed to be the cause of clubbing. It is suggested than anoxia of the distal tissue gives rise to clubbing due to arterial hypotension, slowing down of the blood and viscosity of the blood. PMID- 828570 TI - Does ethylenediamine hydrochloride cross-react with ethylenediamine tetraacetate? PMID- 828571 TI - Glutaraldehyde: cross-reactions to formaldehyde? PMID- 828572 TI - Cross-sensitization to 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxy quinoline (D.B.O.) [a compound of Synalar + D.B.O. cream]. PMID- 828574 TI - [Utilization of amino acids before and after installation of portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 828575 TI - [Chronic unspecific diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 828573 TI - Nutritional aspects of cancer. PMID- 828576 TI - Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and free thyroid hormone indices in patients with familiar thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency. AB - The response in serum thyrotropin (TSH) to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) as well as serum free thyroxine index (FT4I) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) was investigated in six patients with familial thyroxine-binding-globulin (TBG) deficiency. The total serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly decreased, compared with those of normal subjects (3,4 +/- 0.9 microng/dl, mean +/- S.D. vs. 9.0 +/- 1.5 microng/dl, p less than 0.01 and 87 +/- ng/dl vs. 153 +/- 37 ng/dl, p less than 0.01, respectively). FT4I was lower than the normal range in all but one (5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.6, p less than 0.01), whereas FT3I was all in the normal range and of no significant difference from the normal control (132 +/- 22 vs 148 +/- 25). Serum TSH concentrations in TBG deficiency were all in the normal range (1.0 4.2 micronM/ml) and the maximum TSH increments following TRH 500 microng iv were 8.9 +/- 2.0 micronU/ml and of no significant difference from the normal control (10.2 +/- 4.5 micronU/ml). These results indicate that the euthyroid state in familial TBG deficiency is more clearly defined by TRH-test and the normal response to TRH in familial TBG deficiency is presumably under the control of the serum free T3 level rather than the serum free T4 level. PMID- 828577 TI - Control processes in motor skills. PMID- 828578 TI - Fusimotor loop properties and involvement during voluntary movement. PMID- 828579 TI - Movement in nonhuman primates deprived of somatosensory feedback. PMID- 828580 TI - Changes in 80S ribosomes from Drosophila melanogaster with age. AB - A 23% reduction in the amount of 80S ribosomes extracted from young and old male Drosophila melanogaster on a per g wet weight basis was demonstrated. Furthermore, a significant alteration in the structural integrity of the ribosomal RNA-protein complex from older flies as demonstrated by the dissociation of protein from the 80S particle in the presence of varying concentrations of KC1 was observed. PMID- 828581 TI - Pyridine as an unmasking reagent for lipoprotein complexes in the nervous system of protein deficient squirrel monkeys. AB - Acid hematin test with pyridine and Sudan black B controls was employed on selected areas of the brains of 115, 140 days fetuses, neonates and adult squirrel monkeys maintained on low and high protein diet. Our histochemical findings indicate that the reduction of phospholipids in the low protein fetuses and neonates is related to myelination, wereas in the adults, most of the lipids are bound to proteins and/or cerebrosides to form complexes, as revealed by the unmasking action of pyridine. PMID- 828582 TI - Antiinflammatory reaction associated with murine L1210 leukemia. AB - Mice bearing L1210 leukemia did not show impaired humoral or cellular immune response to antigenic stimulation druing the early stage of the tumor, and a depressed response was noted only in the terminal stage. L1210 cells were shown to suppress inflammatory reaction in vivo. PMID- 828583 TI - [Mechanism of LH release with synthetic LH-RH (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of LH-RH on LH release in the baboon. Fifteen female baboons having the normal menstrual cycle were used for this study. On hundred mug of synthetic LH-RH was injected subcutaneously in both the early follicular phase and the early luteal phase. For control purposes, 1 ml of saline was injected subcutaneously in the luteal phase. Blood samples were collected by femoral vein puncture with light anesthesia under prearranged schedule and were assayed for LH-RH, LH, estrogen and progestin. The plasma level of LH-RH reached a maximum within 4 minutes after s.c. injection of 100 mug LH RH, decreased sharply at first, and then slowly later. Fast and slow disappearance components (t1/2 = 4.7 min., 37.1 min. respectively) were observed. In the baboon given LH-RH during the luteal phase, peaks in plasma levels of LH were observed within 30 minutes and within 90 to 150 minutes after injection. A lesser pituitary response to LH-RH for LH release occurred during the follicular phase. The first peak of LH was well-correlated with the peak of plasma LH-RH but the later elevations of LH (observed within 90 to 150 minutes after LH-RH injection) were not necessarily related to the plasma level of immunoassayable LH RH. Elevation of plasma levels of estrogen and progestin was observed wtihin 45 minutes after LH-RH injection. In saline control, the plasma level of LH was not elevated; however, plasma levels of estrogen and progestin were increased within 45 minutes after saline injection. Later elevation of plasma LH observed between 90 and 150 minutes after LH-RH injection may be due to administered LH-RH in cooperation with elevated levels of plasma estrogen and progestin. To pursue this problem, injections of estrogen and/or progesterone were performed during the early follicular phase. Injection of 600 mug of estrodiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days caused an elevation of plasma level of LH and enhanced pituitary LH responsiveness to LH-RH for LH release; however, injection of 100 mug EB for 3 days showed less effect on LH release. Injection of 10 mg of progesterone for 3 days also caused an elevation of plasma level of LH and enhanced the pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH release. Injection of both 600 mug EB and 10 mg progesterone for 3 days did not elevate plasma level of LH and showed no significant effect of LH-RH on LH release as compared to control. These results suggest that elevated levels of circulating estrogen and progestin may determine LH release and exposure of the pituitary to LH-RH is necessary for LH release. In dose and time schedule used in this study, it is inferred that estrogen and progesterone may exert their direct effect to hypothalamus on endogenous LH-RH secretion and also may exert their effect on pituitary gonadotrophs to change the sensitivity to LH-RH, i.e. these steroid hormones may be major factors in the control of gonadotropin release in the baboon. PMID- 828584 TI - [The hypothalamic-Pituitary thyroid axis: studies on the regulatory role of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (author's transl)]. AB - These studies were undertaken to clarify the physiological role of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. Synthetic TRH was administered both acutely as a single intravenous dose of 500 micrograms (TRH IV) and chronically (TRH p.o.), in the form of repetitive oral doses (10 mg b.i.d. for 4 days) to 21 normal, 26 hypothyroid, and 14 hyperthyroid subjects. Serial determinations were made of the serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) after TRH IV nd TRH p.o. and changes in thyroidal untake of redioiodine thyroxine were assessed after TRH p.o. In normal subjects, serum TSH and T3 rose in response to TRH IV but there was no significant change in the serum T4 levels. The peak levels of serum TSH (TSH PL) ranged from 7.0 to 30.0 microunits per ml and serum T3 levels (T3 PL) from 126.2 to 197.4 ng/dl. After the first TRH p.o. dose, serum TSH levels rose (TSH PL: 7.0 approximately 34.0 microunits per ml) but the TSH increment decreased in response to subsequent doses of TRH . Nevertheless, both the mean serum T3 and T4 levels increased progressively in response to TRH p.o. reaching their peak levels on the 4th day (Mean T3 PL: 185.1 +/- 4.0 ng/dl with a range of 152.8 to 216.8; Mean T4 PL:11.7 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl with a range of 8.4 to 13.4). The mean 24-hour131I uptake also increased by 19.9 +/- 1.2% D over baseline with a range 9.1 to 30.7. After intramuscular TSH, the mean increment in a 24-hour 131I uptake was 13.2 +/- 1.0% D with a range of 5.6 to 20.8%. In all 26 patients with hypothyroidism, serum T3 and T4 failed to increase in response to TRH IV. Based on the TSH PL after TRH IV and the criteria of Pittman, the patients could be provisionally divided into primary hypothyroidism (13 patients whose TSH PL ranged from 52.5 to 500 microunits per ml), secondary or pituitary hypothyroidism (8 patients whose TSH PL varied from undetectable to 4.1 microuints/ml) and tertiary or hypothalamic hypothyroidism (5 patients whose TSH PL was from 8.8 to 30.4 microunits/ml)... PMID- 828585 TI - [Plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) in patients with breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) concentration and pituitary reserve of these two hormones in patients with breast cancer, following examinations were carried out. Plasma prolactin concentration was measured before and 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes after the 500mug of thyrotropin releasing-hormone (TRH) i.v. injection in 22 patients with breast cancer and 4 patients with benign breast disease. All patients did not take any hormonal therapy and any medication inducing prolactin secretion. Ten healthy females were also tested as controls. Plasma prolactin concentration was estimated by a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique using hPRL RIA kit provided by NIAMDD. The basal prolactin concentration in patients with breast cancer was 18.6 +/- ng/ml (Mean +/- SEM), and it was slightly higher than the control group (14.7 +/- 2.2 ng/ml), but not statistically significant. In 6 out of 22 patients with breast cancer, high plasma prolactin concentrations more than 25 ng/ml were observed. The maximal plasma prolactin concentration following the TRH injection was obtained at 15-30 minutes after TRH in most patients with breast cancer. The maximal value was 87.4 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, and it was near the upper limit of normal range of prolactin response, and not significantly higher than the maximal value in the control group (59.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml). In 7 patients with breast cancer, the maximal prolactin values more than 100 ng/ml were obtained after TRH injection. There was no statistically significant difference between early breast cancer group (TNM: stage I & II, N=14) and advanced breast cancer group (TNM: stage III & IV, N=6) in both the plasma prolactin concentration and the pituitary prolactin reserve... PMID- 828586 TI - Quantitative changes in creatine kinase isoenzymes during myogenesis in vitro. PMID- 828588 TI - Activation versus induction of foetal enzymes during culture: a problem illustrated by increased uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid-- 5 hydroxytryptamine glucuronosyltransferase activity through organ culture on rafts and paper strips. PMID- 828587 TI - Dependence on glucocorticoids of development of 'latent' and 'activated' uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activity in organ cultures of foetal rat liver. PMID- 828589 TI - Differential stimulation of mono-oxygenase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activities in chick liver during natural development and after treatment in ovo with corticosterone. PMID- 828590 TI - The inhibition of synovial-fluid glycosidases in the rheumatoid joint by metallothiomalates. PMID- 828591 TI - NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-linked lipid peroxidation in microsomal fractions obtained from rat tissue. PMID- 828592 TI - Nucleic acids associated with detergent-treated synaptosomal plasma membranes from normal and scrapie-infected mouse brain. PMID- 828594 TI - Radioimmunoassay of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II from rabbit erythrocytes. PMID- 828593 TI - Changes in a protein-nucleic acid complex from synaptic plasma membrane of scrapie-infected mouse brain. PMID- 828595 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II in rabbit erythroid cells. PMID- 828596 TI - Blood groups in cases of infertility. PMID- 828597 TI - [Incidence and drug sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recently isolated in the clinical complex of the Arcispedale di S. Maria Nuova and the Universita degli Studi di Firenze]. PMID- 828598 TI - [Optimal dosage of semisynthetic penicillins. II. Microbiological research]. PMID- 828600 TI - Effect of long-term administration of 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene on liver cell line derived from rats fed this chemical. AB - Liver tissue cells derived from rats fed 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (DAB) were maintained in vitro for several months. These cells showed higher malignancy after treatment with 4.8 or 19.2 mug/ml of DAB. Subcutaneous back-transplantation of DAB-treated cells showed an earlier appearance of palpable tumors and a higher rate of "take" than the non-treated control cells. The tumor size at 60 days after back-transplantation was also significantly larger in the DAB-treated cells. Long-term treatment with DAB produced few morphological changes of the cells in vitro, but the plating efficiency and resistance to toxic effects of DAB were significantly higher in the treated cells than in the control cells. On the other hand, no definite differences in chromosome number were found between the treated and control cells. These findings suggested that cell malignancy could be promoted by long-term treatment with DAB in vitro PMID- 828599 TI - Adjuvant activity of 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramuyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. AB - Immunological properties of synthetic 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyldipeptide) and 6-O-mycoloyl-N acetylmuramic acid were examined in guinea pigs and mice in comparison with those of BCG cell-wall skeleton, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, and 6-O stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. 6-O-Mycoloyl-N acetylmuramyldipeptide showed a potent adjuvant activity for the induction of delayed type hypersensitivy to N-acetyl-L-tyrosine-3-azobenzene-4'-arsonic acid (ABA-N-acetyltyrosine). It was also found that 6-O-mycoloyl-N acetylmuramyldipeptide treated with oil droplets or suspended in phosphate buffered saline was as effective as oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton for the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxic effector cells to mastocytoma P815-X2 cells in the spleen of C57BL/6J mice in vivo. However, 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetyl muramyldipeptide was less active as adjuvant than BCG cell-wall skeleton and N acetylmuramyldipeptide in enhancing the circulating antibody formation to T independent antigen, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysyl (DNP-Lys)-Ficoll in vivo, and on the generation of helper function of carrier-primed T-cells, and was inactive as a mitogen on normal mouse spleen cells. On the other hand, although 6-O-mycoloyl-N acetylmuramic acid was shown to be inactive as adjuvant on immune systems described above, it was active as a mitogen on normal mouse spleen cells. PMID- 828602 TI - Characteristics of nursing homes perceived to be effective and efficient. PMID- 828601 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide after partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy in rats. PMID- 828603 TI - Total chance of institutionalization among the aged. PMID- 828604 TI - Systems approach to collection roulette. PMID- 828605 TI - [Biological and chemical aspects of histocompatibility antigens in serum]. PMID- 828606 TI - Effect of hypoxia, hypertransfusion and of erythropoietin on neonatal erythropoiesis. PMID- 828607 TI - [Hemopoietic stem cells and antitumoral drugs. 1. Variations of in vitro and in vivo colony forming cells following single dose administration of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine and azathioprine (author's transl)]. PMID- 828608 TI - The association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and a solid tumor: a survey study of 258 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia covering an eleven year period. PMID- 828609 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (analysis of clinicopathological results of 207 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 828610 TI - Outbreak of multinodular breast cancer during remission of acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 828611 TI - The problem of acute transformation in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: a hypothesis concerning its genesis and manoeuvres to postpone its onset. PMID- 828612 TI - Platelet transfusion. PMID- 828613 TI - [Induction of mouse and rat liver microsomal enzymes by polychlorinated biphenyls and its relations to the PCB levels in the tissue]. AB - Kanechlor (KC)-300, 400, 500, and 600 consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing 43, 48, 55, and 61% chlorine respectively, were administered in a single dose of 100 mg/kg to mice and rats. The effect of PCB was investigated by determining pentobarbital sleeping time, liver microsomal hemoprotein contents, PCB level and gaschromatography (GC) pattern in tissue. Pentobarbital sleeping time was prolonged 2 to 4 times longer than that of control level after 3 to 4 hr of KC treatment in both ICR and ddN strain mice and KC-300 was the most effective. Forty-eight hr after treatment, however, this sleeping time was half that of the control. Sleeping time in ICR strain mice returned to control level 8 days after the treatment with KC-300 and KC-500, but the decrease in sleeping time continued in ddN mice. Conversely, the prolongation of sleeping time in rats was only 20% the control level at 3 hr after KC-300 treatment, but the shortening of sleeping time was more marked than in mice. Both the prolongation of sleeping time in mice treated with KC-300 and the shortening of sleeping time in rats treated wiht KC-500 were more rapidly effected when an oral dose rather than when a intraperitoneal one was given. Induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 level was maximum in rats treated with KC-600 and increase of hemoprotein level and shortening of sleeping time were proportional to the chlorine content of PCB. The CO-difference spectrum of microsomes from rats treated with KC had an absorbance maximum at 448 nm. Direct relationship between storage of PCB in adipose tissue and the induced effect by KC has also been demonstrated in rats. PCB level in the liver of rats was higher for about 8 hr after KC-500 treatment given orally and was lower than the PCB level in adipose tissue after 8 hr. The GC-pattern of PCB stored in tissues was different from that of standard KC, indicating that all components were not metabolized at the same rate and that the components of the KC with the longer retention time were metabolized to a lesser degree than those with the shorter retention time. PMID- 828614 TI - Comparative mapping using somatic cell hybrids. AB - Comparative mapping, or ascertaining the gene linkage relationships between different species, is rapidly developing. This is possible because new techniques in chromosome identification and somatic cell hybridization, such as the generation of hybrids preferentially segregating chromosomes of any desired species including rodents, and the development of gene transfer techniques have yielded new information about the human and rodent gene maps. In addition, the discovery and characterization of mouse subspecies has generated new mouse sexual genetic linkage data. The following picture is emerging. Several X-linked genes in man are X-linked in all mammalian species tested. The linkage relationships of several tightly linked genes, less than 1 map unit apart, are also conserved in all mammalian species tested. Ape autosomal genes are assigned to ape chromosomes homologous to their human counterparts indicating extensive conservation in the 12 million years (MYR) of evolution from apes to man. Similarly, mouse and rat, 10 MYR apart in evolution, have several large autosomal synteny groups conserved. In comparing the mouse and human gene maps we find that human genes assigned to different arms of the same human chromosome are unlinked in the mouse; mouse genes large map distances (20 to 45 cM) apart are very likely to be unlinked in the human. However, several autosomal synteny groups 10 to 20 cM apart, including the Pgd, Eno-1, Pgm-1 group on human chromosome arm 1p, are conserved in mice and man. This suggests that homology mapping, the superimposition of one species gene map on the homologous conserved portion of another species genome may be possible, and that ancestral autosomal synteny groups should be detectable. PMID- 828615 TI - Immune responses in experimental tuberculosis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination and challenge with H37RV. PMID- 828617 TI - Toxicity study of ergoty bajra (pearl millet) in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 828616 TI - Immune responses in experimental tuberculosis: effect of cortisone treatment. PMID- 828618 TI - Significance of urinary excretion of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). PMID- 828619 TI - Experimental immunological cardiac lesions in rats. PMID- 828620 TI - Further typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains not typable by aeruginocin typing method. PMID- 828622 TI - Effect of guinea-pig-organ extract on growth of mycobacterium H37 RV. PMID- 828621 TI - Vaccine against simian malaria (P. cynomolgi)--a preliminary communication. PMID- 828623 TI - Zinc levels in serum and erythrocytes in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 828624 TI - Hunter's syndrome (a case report). PMID- 828626 TI - Antimycobacterial antibodies in diffuse lepromatous leprosy detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - By using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technic it was possible to demonstrate the presence of antimycobacterial antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy. The antigen was prepared from isolated Mycobacterium lepraemurium. The technic was more reliable and quicker than Ouchterlony's classical double diffusion in gel. Clinical application of the method is therefore recommended. PMID- 828627 TI - Immunologic aspects of leprosy with reference to extravascular immunoglobulins: their excretion profile in urine. AB - An aliquot of 24-hour urine collected from leprosy patients was concentrated and examined for the presence of albumin, transferrin, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, D3, kappa and lambda light chains by the gel diffusion technic using respective monospecific antisera. Urinary protein excretion profile in lepromatous leprosy patients showed that while excretion of transferrin in the urine was negligible; that of IgG molecules, a substance of higher molecular weight, was significant. It is suggested that the immunoglobulins excreted in the urine may not be plasma derived, but extravascular in origin. They are probably synthesized in the urinary tract. In the present study, out of 25 leprosy patients, 2 female patients having severe lepra reactions developed urinary tract infections. E. coli and Klebsiella were isolated from their urine. The urinary IgG levels in those two cases were found to be the highest in the series. PMID- 828628 TI - Oxidation of selenocystamine by diamineoxidase. AB - Selenocystamine is oxidatively deaminated by pig kidney diamineoxidase. The first product of the reaction is the corresponding cyclized aminoaldehyde, selenocystaldimine, which then undergoes further degradation. The oxidative deamination is thus the first step of a series of cyclic reactions which give rise to extensive cleavage of selenocystamine. PMID- 828625 TI - Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by connective tissue constituents. Identification of Mycobacterium leprae not related to phenolase activity. AB - The oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was studied by spectrophotometric methods at pH 6.8. In the presence of L- or D-DOPA, a color development occurred in the presence of the following substances as measured by increase in absorption both at 540 nm and 480 nm: hyaluronic acid, trypsinized human skin and umbilical cord extract, trypsin treated rat tissue from subcutaneous rat leproma, trypsin treated M. lepraemurium isolated from rat lepromata, and trypsinized M. leprae isolated from non-treated lepromatous leprosy cases. Normal human skin and connective tissue extract and nontrypsinized connective tissue of rat leprosy granuloma did not oxidize DOPA. While the trypsin-treated partially purified M. leprae suspension oxidized DOPA at both wave-lengths, the hyaluronidase-treated same suspension of M. leprae failed to oxidize these phenolic compounds. Mushroom tyrosinase oxidized D-DOPA, L-DOPA, epinephrine and norepinephrine at 480 nm. Hyaluronic acid also oxidized epinephrine and norepinephrine at both wave-lengths. Since it is known that M. leprae in the human host is closely associated with the presence of the acid mucopolysaccharides of the skin, and since acid mucopolysaccharides and skin constituents strongly oxidized DOPA, and since the hyaluronidase treated M. leprae failed to oxidize DOPA, it became evident that hyaluronic acid and not M. leprae is responsible for DOPA oxidation, and phenolase activity is not associated with the metabolism of M. leprae. Evidence is presented that DOPA is not a unique characteristic of the human leprosy bacillus. For instance, trypsin treated murine leprosy bacilli from the rat strongly oxidized DOPA. The reaction of DOPA oxidation, therefore, must be rejected as a test for the identification of M. leprae. The obtained results confirmed the pertinent findings of Skinsnes and his co-workers. PMID- 828631 TI - [The CGR MeV Neptune 5.5 MeV accelerator: physical characteristics of its radiation beam]. PMID- 828629 TI - Enzyme-cytochemistry of the saccus dorsalis of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. AB - In the saccus dorsalis of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, the activity of various enzymes (transferase, lyases, oxidoreductases, hydrolases) have been studied in detail. The results of this enzyme-cytochemical study firmly demonstrate that the organ is metabolically highly active. The epithelial cells have a strong energy metabolism. Energy production can take place under aerobic as well as under anaerobic conditions. Evidence is presented that glucose from blood is directly utilized for energy demands. The epithelial cells show also high synthetic activities. The moderate amino acid metabolism may participate in the synthesis of an acid mucopolysaccharide-protein complex, especially in the so called dark cells. Lipid metabolism appears to be restricted to the mitochondria, indicating a high turnover of lipid moieties in the membranes. In contrast to the normal looking mitochondria, the macromitochondria--besides shape and localization--have an extremely high lipid and monoamine metabolism, which may point to a special function in the cellular economy. The high activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of monoamines and in the hydration of CO2 is of particular physiological interest. The significance of the observations is discussed in relation to formerly obtained indications on the involvement of the saccus dorsalis in fluid secretion, extrusion of organic substances of low molecular weight into the ventricular system and uptake of organic substances from the cerebrospinal fluid. The hypothesis of the saccus dorsalis being an analogue of the choroid plexus is supported by several relevant data. PMID- 828630 TI - Cytochemistry of late ovarian chambers of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Late ovarian chambers of Drosophila melanogaster have been examined by ultrastructural cytochemistry in an attempt to characterize some of the transformations which precede the completion of oogenesis. From stage 11 onward peroxidase activity is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of both nurse cells and oocyte, as well as in the egg-covering precursors of the columnar follicle cells. Catalase activity is restricted to the very last stages of oogenesis (stage 13-14) and appears to be located in membrane-bound organelles of the ooplasm which are continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Because of the presence of catalase as well as by their structural appearance, these organelles are to be identified as microperoxisomes. Catalase activity becomes cytochemically detectable in the ooplasm somehow in coincidence with the formation of glycogen. Furthermore, glycogen is first formed in intimate association with alpha-1 yolk platelets. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that glycogen synthesis occurs by a process of gluconeogenesis. PMID- 828632 TI - [Radiotherapy of digestive system neoplasms]. PMID- 828633 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of the interaction of mutant genes disrupting retinal development in mice]. PMID- 828635 TI - The medical care system under national health insurance: four models. AB - This paper presents a critical evaluation of four national health insurance models in light of their ability to counteract incentives in the present system that are dysfunctional in terms of costs and quality of care. The feasible models are labelled as: major risk insurance, alternative delivery systems under universal coverage; the public utility allocation model (alias the British system); and the public utility hospital model. It is concluded that substantial changes in the existing structure of the medical care system will be very difficult to achieve politically. Further, those models most politically feasible, the present medical care system with universal third party financing, and public utility process controls with universal third party financing, are the ones most likely to aggravate present cost-quality difficulties. Therefore, the recommended procedure for implementing national health insurance is unabashedly incremental: i.e.; to experiment with cost-sharing, alternative delivery systems, other provider incentive mechanisms and public utility regulation-budget allocation approaches, before wholesale adoption of national health insurance is entertained. PMID- 828634 TI - The visual stresses of the aerospace environment. AB - The aviator or astronaut is subject to alterations of the environment which may seriously affect his performance or survivability. In a series of experiments, the stresses of hypoxia, vibration, high and low gravity, heat and noise were investigated to determine their effects upon visual function. With the possible exceptions of the latter two, all were found to produce measurable decrements in performance even at moderate levels; however, it is most remarkable that significant capability remains even in rather severe stress. Certain hypotheses regarding these visual decrements that have appeared in the literature are rejected on the basis of experimental evidence. PMID- 828636 TI - The politics of medical inflation. AB - This paper discusses the politics of anti-inflationary policy in the medical care sector. We first clarify the issue by distinguishing between four different conceptions commonly used when discussing medical inflation. We then present some of the standard solutions to these problems suggested by economists. In the main part of the paper, we analyze the response of the government. We show that the underlying causes for failure in the economic market are likely to exist in the political market as well. In particular, the public good aspect of anti inflationary policy fails to provide a strong incentive for the consumers of medical care. In contrast, the providers have very powerful incentives in the political market because the benefits of governmental action in this sector greatly affect them. Providers exert great pressure to prevent government policies aimed at reducing medical care expenditures. We present evidence and theory to explicate which sets of circumstances are most conducive to governmental action. We show that the most effective anti-inflationary programs in medical financing are least likely to be implemented and that a dispersed, pluralistic financing structure reduces the government's incentive to curb inflation. PMID- 828637 TI - Meeting the challenge of rising hospital costs. PMID- 828638 TI - The American medical economy: problems and perspectives. AB - Federal initiatives during the last decade have resulted in considerable changes in the American medical economy. Large sums of money have been infused into the system under Medicare and Medicaid, substantially improving access to care for the aged and the poor. At the same time, the improvements in knowledge and medical technology that have occurred have been largely underwritten by the tremendous increases in third-party payment mechanisms. These costly new technologies have contributed significantly to the high cost of hospital care and to the increased specialization of physician's services. The chronic inflation in medical expenditures and the explosive increases in Federal subsidization of medical care have led to questions concerning the efficacy of medical care for improving health status. There is a considerable lack of evidence for a causal relationship between what is done to the patient and the outcome of the medical care process as measured by mortality, disability, and capacity to carry on activities. Various attempts have been made to control the chronic inflation of medical expenditures, but success is uneven and elusive. Alternatives in financing medical care services currently under debate include various provisions to control costs and utilization, but attention should be directed to organizing American medical care services in general, toward the more rational use of our resources. PMID- 828639 TI - Comparative analysis of community health planning: transition from CHPs to HSAs. AB - With the implementation of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, comprehensive health planning is moving into a new phase. In search of lessons to guide future planning efforts on the part of the Health Systems Agencies (HSAs) established by the act, this paper reviews organizational and operational characteristics of ten relatively "successful" local comprehensive health planning agencies. Several problems are delineated that HSAs will likely share with their predecessors and strategies for confronting these problems are suggested. PMID- 828640 TI - Demographic differences in support for government measures to control health care costs. AB - This paper uses longitudinal data from representative samples of national and southern California populations in an analysis of public opinion regarding proposals for health care cost controls. After examining ethnicity in conjunction with sex, socioeconomic status, age and party identification, it appears that this variable has significant explanatory power. This suggests that community may be a more useful concept than class in assessing public support for various forms of national health insurance and regulatory policies. PMID- 828661 TI - [Comparative volumetry of brains from wild and captive tree shrews (Tupaia)]. AB - The changes in brain weight and composition during captivity were investigated in two groups of tree-shrews (Tupaia). One group consisted of wild animals whose brains were dissected and weighed immediately after trapping in Thailand. The second group (F1) consisted of animals reared in captivity whose parents originated from the same populations of Thailand animals as the first group. Wild and F1-animals showed no significanct differences in body weight; however, the brain weight was significantly greater in F1-animals. This is in clear contrast to the results of former investigations of other species, in which the brain size became reduced in captivity. Of the various brain parts, the absolute volumes of the cerebellum and the telencephalon, and, within the latter, those of the striatum, schizocortex, neocortex, and area striata were enlarged significantly in animals reared in captivity. A significant decrease was observed in the complex of paleocortex + amygdala, and a possible decrease in the hippocampus. An attempt to interpret the changes was made with regard to differences in age composition between the two groups, different nutrition and motor activities, heterochronies in the ontogenetic development, and, finally, different environmental influences during ontogeny. PMID- 828662 TI - [Cytoarchitecture of the principle diencephalic visual centers in the embryo and the chicken Gallus domesticus L. Experimental study]. AB - The effects of the bilateral removal of the optic vesicle on the cytoarchitectonics of the main diencephalic visual centres of Gallus domesticus L. embryos and chicken have been studied from the 10th, day of incubation until the 15th, day after hatching. - Without afferent optic pathways there is no significnat change in cellular components of nucleus lateralis anterior, nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, nucleus griseus tectalis, nucleus rotundus and nucleus pretectalis principalis. When these centres have specific organization, one may observe a spatial distribution of neurons different from that of unoperated chickens. - Whereas the nucleus ectomamillaris disappears early, the nucleus superficialis synencephali is not differentiated. the nucleus geniculatus lateralis dorsalis, reduced in size, shows an alternation of cell constitution even if cytoarchitectonics appears to be similar to that of unoperated chickens. A comparison of these results with those on tectum opticum by authors brings up the question of the exact nature of retino-thalamic connections and of their morphogenetic role. If morphogenetic influence appears to be certain on some structures it seems to be limited on others. PMID- 828663 TI - [Yersinia and Yersinia infections]. PMID- 828664 TI - [Antibody levels in patients with bacillary dysentery and carriers. III. IgG, IgM and IgA antibody responses in sonnei dysentery]. PMID- 828665 TI - [Fecal bacterial flora under circumstances of prevailing multi-drug resistant bacteria. 1. Comparison of fecal bacterial flora, bacterial sensitivity to drugs, and drug resistance factor in healthy and acutely diarrheal infants]. PMID- 828666 TI - [Fecal bacterial flora under circumstances of prevailing multi-drug resistant bacteria. 2. Changes in fecal bacterial flora and drug-resistance of E. coli and Klebsiella after administration of antibiotics in infant diarrhea]. PMID- 828667 TI - Further studies on the reduction of vitamin A content in the livers of rats given polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Further investigations on the reduction of vitamin A content in the liver of rats fed a 0.1% PCB diet were conducted. The first experiment, in which rats were fed a 0.1% PCB diet for 8 weeks and vitamin A in the liver was determined at 2-week intervals, suggested that a significant decrease of vitamin A in the liver might occur within 2 weeks of PCB ingestion. In the second experiment a significant reduction of vitamin A content per gram of liver, but not per whole liver, in rats fed a 0.1% PCB diet was observed on the 3rd day of PCB ingestion, and then on the 6th day the difference between the control group and the PCB-fed group became much more remarkable. But thereafter no further reduction was seen, indicating a lower limit of vitamin A concentration in the liver of rats fed PCB. It was found that retinol binding protein in the serum of rats fed the 0.1% PCB diet decreased to one-half that of the control group on the 10th day of PCB ingestion, suggesting also a marked reduction in serum vitamin A level. Another experiment revealed that a decrease in hepatic vitamin A occurred even at low PCB levels, but serum phospholipid did not respond at all to any PCB level examined until 7 days after PCB ingestion began. The mechanisms of sensitive response of vitamin A in the animals fed PCB are briefly discussed. PMID- 828669 TI - Reproductive characteristic of free-ranging Panamanian tamarins (Saguinus oedipus geoffroyi). AB - Field observations on reproductive activity in the Panamanian tamarin (Saguinus oedipus geoffroyi) were made in conjunction with the examination of 131 reproductive tracts collected at regular intervals over one year. Reproductive tract characteristics were compared over seasons. Embryonic and fetal development were also assessed. A distinct birth peak was observed from April to early June. Pregnancies in April and May point to a potential, but unrealized, birth peak in August and September. Despite the tendency toward birth peaks, reproductive activity occurred throughout the year. Reproduction was limited to a single female per social group. The average number of infants born per female was two. Groups inhabiting lowland areas appeared to be more successful in raising young than groups inhabiting upland areas. PMID- 828668 TI - Enzymatic modification for improving nutritional qualities and acceptability of proteins extracted from photosynthetic microorganisms Spirulina maxima and Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus. AB - The present study attempts to improve the proteins from a blue-green alga Spirulina maxima and a non-sulfur purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus through their peptic hydrolysis followed by plastein synthesis with papain. The former enzymatic process was effective in removing some photosynthetic pigments and flavors originating in the raw materials. The latter process was successful in incorporating limited amounts of methionine, lysine, and tryptophan, and thus to synthesize plasteins whose essential amino acid patterns resemble the FAO/WHO suggested pattern (1973). These plasteins had no colors and no flavors. PMID- 828670 TI - Weight reduction and serum insulin levels in hypothalamic obese monkeys. AB - Two hyperinsulinemic rhesus monkeys, made obsese (body weight 22 kg) by the placement of hypothalamic lesions, were place on a weight reduction diet for a period of approximately eight months. After losing approximately losing approximately 25% body weight, the animals exhibited a fall in serum insulin levels without changes in plasma glucose levels or composition of fat pad tissue. There was evidence that the number of adipocytes remained constant but were reduced in size after the body weight loss. PMID- 828671 TI - Control of scrotal colour in the vervet monkey. AB - The vervet monkey has a vivid blue scrotum which pales when the animal falls in social rank. Histology and electron microscopy showed dopa-positive melanocytes in the dermis each packed with fully melanised melanosomes. By transmitted light the scrotal skin was brown on a red background: by reflected light the colour was blue. Thus the blue colour is due to Tyndall scattering over a layer of melanin. Variation of scrotal colour was not due to changes in melanocyte number or dispersion of melanosomes. Pallor was induced by injecting fluid, and blueness could be restored by removing fluid. It is concluded that the blue-to-white colour variation is modulated by the degree of dermal hydration. PMID- 828673 TI - Blood groups of gorillas: further observations. AB - Four mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) were tested for their human type and simian-type blood groups. They were all found to be human-type B, MN, He, Rho and chimpanzee simian-type V.O, CeF, G, H. PMID- 828672 TI - Malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with Vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 2. Response of vervet monkeys on protein, B vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection. AB - Five groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (LP), low B-vitamin complex (LBV), LP-LBV, or low protein- low calorie (LP-LC) diets, respectively. After eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. IgG, IgA and IgM increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on LP diets. Diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein. PMID- 828674 TI - Assessment of marginal nutrition in Nigerian children. PMID- 828675 TI - Rehabilitation of patients with protein calorie malnutrition in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 828676 TI - Mid-arm/head circumference ratio in the assessment of protein calorie malnutrition amongst the under fives. PMID- 828678 TI - A comparison of hair root morphology with anthropometric and biochemical indices of nutritional status in Ghanaian pre-school children. PMID- 828677 TI - Study of malnourished children in Tanga, Tanzania. 1--Socioeconomic and cultural aspects. PMID- 828679 TI - [Suggested maximum allowable concentration of polychlorobiphenyl compounds (PCB)]. PMID- 828680 TI - Analysis of medical records of workers and the role of their occupational doctor. Report 1. A study on some impacts of aging of workers according to their health records. AB - The new "Occupational Safety and Health Act" was established in October 1972. According to the Act, the employers with 50 and more employees were bound to make an occupational health doctor provide health care for the employees within the enterprises. Considering the national background mentioned above, the author examined the actual status of the medical and health care services in order to discuss the professional function of an occupational health doctor by reviewing the records concerning the workers' health at a certain paper factory managed by the National Government, under the Government Health Insurance scheme. The results were as follows: 1) Aging of the workers had an important impact on medical service and health care provided. 2) The medical service by the occupational doctor attached to the factory differed much from that by other medical institutions outside the factory in several points; particularly in days of receiving medical consultation, medical expenditure expressed in "point score," number of injections given and the frequency of laboratory examinations. 3) as a whole, the occupational health doctor was taking a role as "the first contact doctor" in primary medical care, as well as a health officer preventing disease and promoting health in the factory, whereas the medical institutions outside the factory were rather clinically oriented in treating ill-health. PMID- 828681 TI - [Transfusion therapy and parenteral feeding at the stage of burn septicotoxemia]. PMID- 828682 TI - [Effect of gradual enteral feeding and oxygenation on the liver in patients with gastric resection]. PMID- 828683 TI - [Surgical treatment of early complications of surgery of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas]. PMID- 828684 TI - Monoaminergic regulation of growth hormone secretion in rats. PMID- 828685 TI - Immuno-biological studies on dengue. I. Immunogenic effects of partially purified dengue-1 virus and some of its components. PMID- 828686 TI - Specificity of o-diphenoloxidase in Mycobacterium leprae: an identification test. PMID- 828687 TI - Melanocytic activity in leprosy lesions with special reference to cellular infiltrate. AB - To assess the correlation, if any, between the clinical hypopigmentation in leprosy affected skin and the inflammatory cellular infiltrate in d rmis, skin tissue sections from the maculo-anaesthetic and tuberculoid lesion of 50 cases were studied with Dopa and H & E stains. The results are indicative of (i) proportionate lack of Dopa oxidase activity in the hypopigmented leprosy lesions in commensuration with the relative degree of clinical hypopigmentation; (ii) cellular infiltrate is not related with the clinical hypopigmentation or dopa oxidase activity. PMID- 828688 TI - Hyaluronic acid and yeast extract do not oxidize DOPA. AB - Hyaluronic acid and yeast extract, separately and in combination, were tested for their ability to oxidize dopa to pigment. Two types of hyaluronic acid and yeast extract were used. The activities were assayed both spectrophotometrically and by oxygen-uptake determinations. The results were uniformly negative. The biological role of hyaluronic acid is discussed. Use of pigment formation from phenolic compounds as an identification test of another organism is pointed out. PMID- 828689 TI - A non-acid-fast coccoid precursor--possible cultivable phase of Mycobacterium leprae. AB - A non-acid-fast coccoid organism isolated from human leproma, and skin and nasal smears of leprosy patients shows tendency to revert to an acid-fast mycobacterial form during test tube passages. One of these coccoid isolates gave strong DOPA oxidase activity. There is also preliminary evidence of mycobacterial conversion from these coccoids in intraperitoneally inoculated mice. The possibility that these non-acid-fast coccoids could be a cultivable precursor phase of M. leprae has been raised and discussed. PMID- 828690 TI - Changes in E. coli cell envelope structure caused by uncouplers of active transport and colicin E1. AB - It is of interest to inquire whether agents that uncouple or deenergize membranes cause concomitant structural changes. The agents considered here are the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and the bacteriocidal protein colicin E1, agents for which there is some precedent for believing that they interact with membranes. In intact E. coli ML 308-225 cells the inhibition of [14C]-PROLINE ACtive transport by FCCP increases with uncoupler concentration from approximately 20% at 2 muM to approximately 100% at 5 muM. The increase in the rotational relaxation time (rho) of the cell-bound fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PhNap)1 and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonate (ANS) under these conditions shows the same dependence on FCCP concentration. For cells treated with EDTA to remove part of the outer lipopolysaccharide layer, inhibition of proline transport and the increase in rho value of ANS show the same dependence on FCCP concentration with saturation at 0.3 muM. EDTA treatment causes a large increase in the binding and rotational relaxation time of PhNap, the latter quantity approaching a value obtained with purified inner membrane. Similar effects are produced in untreated cells by 5muM FCCP... PMID- 828691 TI - [Determination of the extracellular fluid by using whole-body radiometry with 82br]. PMID- 828692 TI - [Radiodiagnosis in vitro]. PMID- 828694 TI - [Dosimetric planning of electron therapy of cancer of the larynx with regard to its lumen]. PMID- 828693 TI - [Calculation of doses of fast electrons in formation of the beam with the aid of grids]. PMID- 828695 TI - UR/PSRO long term care data system. PMID- 828696 TI - Transcription system cuts cost. PMID- 828697 TI - Research means improving health care delivery. PMID- 828698 TI - Immobilization of enzymes on nylon. PMID- 828699 TI - Chemically aggregated enzymes. PMID- 828700 TI - Enzymes immobilized to cellulose. PMID- 828701 TI - Immobilized proteins in single crystals. PMID- 828702 TI - The applications of immobilized enzymes in automated analysis. PMID- 828703 TI - Immunoenzymic techniques for biomedical analysis. PMID- 828704 TI - Properties and applications of an immobilized mixed-function hepatic drug oxidase. PMID- 828705 TI - Immobilization of lactic dehydrogenase. PMID- 828706 TI - [Combination of chelating and dialytic treatment during a course of lead poisoning with serious hemolytic anemia and acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 828708 TI - The sleeping pattern and incidence of seizure discharges during whole night sleep in grandmal epileptics. PMID- 828707 TI - [Preparation of sera of narrow specificity and their use for identification of antigenic components of Echinococcus and Alveococcus]. PMID- 828710 TI - [Pigment tumors of vascular tract of human eye]. PMID- 828709 TI - Altered growth hormone and prolactin responsiveness to TRH in the infant rat. AB - 12-day-old female and male pups were killed 10 min after the injection of either saline or thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). At all doses used (0.15, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.5 mug/100 g b.w.i.p.), TRH induced a significant, although not dose-related, increase in plasma GH levels, but was effective in releasing PRL only at the greatest dose level (1.5 mug/100 g b.w.). The GH-releasing effect of TRH was even more evident in 12-day-old pups subjected to central sympathectomy of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 60 mug/10 mul intraventricular route) 1 week before; in these animals, TRH was ineffective in releasing PRL even at the greatest dose level (1.5 mug/100 g b.w.). In pups pretreated with 6-OHDA, the GH lowering effect of insulin hypoglycemia or cold exposure was markedly reduced, while the PRL responses were unmodified. Baseline plasma PRL levels were markedly increased following 6-OHDA administration. It is proposed that in the infant rat the greater GH than PRL responsiveness to TRH, which opposed the pattern of response present in the adult animal, may be due to the existence of a 'physiologic' functional disconnection between the central nervous system (CNS) and the anterior pituitary (AP). Results obtained following central sympathectomy by 6-OHDA, which further disrupted CNS-AP links, substantiate this view. PMID- 828712 TI - Myopia prophylaxis--a review. PMID- 828711 TI - Amblyopia: theories on its etiology. PMID- 828713 TI - Mechanisms of accommodation in vertebrates. AB - Mechanisms of accomodation among Vertebrates vary with phylogeny, structure of the eye, and feeding habits. Some vertebrate eyes are so small as to possess a large depth of field, while others with larger eyes have structures that circumvent the need for an active lenticular focusing mechanism. Cyclostomes and Teleosts are myopic and move the lens backward to accommodate for distance. Selachians, Amphibians, and Snakes are hypermetropic and move the lens forward to accommodate for near. Birds and Reptiles have powerful mechanisms that compress the lens to accommodate for near. Amphibious vertebrates have the greatest accommodative amplitudes of all. The mammalian mode of accommodation is relatively new in the phylogenetic sense. It is poorly developed in most forms except primates, the most advanced of which is man's. The Helmholtz theory of accommodation remains widely accepted. Upon contraction of the ciliary muscle, zonular tension on the lens is released, and capsular elasticity molds the lens into a more spherical shape. Loss of capsular elasticity and hardening of the nucleus account for most of the decrease in accomodation with age. PMID- 828714 TI - Parinaud's syndrome and other related pretectal syndromes. PMID- 828716 TI - [Prognosis of the outcome of severe fractures in the region of the ankle joint using a computer]. PMID- 828715 TI - Relation between macrophage migration inhibition and immunity to Brucella abortus in guinea-pigs. AB - Relation between macrophage migration inhibition and immunity to Brucella abortus in guinea-pigs. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 43 (4), 175-184 (1976). A soluble protein antigen was prepared from Brucella melitensis Rev I with which macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assays were successfully done using guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells. By comparing the MMI, agglutinin response and immunity of groups and of individual guinea-pigs which had been immunized with either B. melitensis Rev I live vaccine or B. melitensis Rev I inactivated antigen, an association between the MMI and resistance to infection was demonstrated. PMID- 828717 TI - [Neurologic complications of injuries to the ankle joint]. PMID- 828719 TI - [New species of Microsporidia from the gallbladder of deep-sea fishes]. AB - Two new species of myxosporidians with gigantic spores are described from the gall bladder of Alepocephalus australis caught at 1500 m depth. Both species differ in gigantic sizes of spores that apparently is characteristic of myxosporidians of fishes inhabiting such great depths. PMID- 828718 TI - [Effect of warm waters of the Konakovskaia hydro-electric power plant on the infectibility of the young of the roach with Myxosporidia]. AB - Data are given on the effect of warm waters of the Kanakovskaya hydro-electric power station on the infection level of the roach young with myxosporidians. 1641 one-year old specimens of roach were examined. 11 species of myxosporidians are reported from the zone of warm waters influence while in the control gulf beyond the warming zone--only 7 species. Within the larval period only two species, Chloromyxum legeri and Zschokkella costata, were recorded. Their developmental cycle was retraced. Under the influence of warm waters the developmental period from plasmodium to spore in Ch. legeri is accelerated: from 20 days to "cold" waters to 15 days in "warm" ones. In winter period in warm water zone a sporeformation of many species of myxosporidians takes place. At the same time the infection with plasmodial stages keeps on a high level that indicates to a continuous active feeding of the young even in winter. PMID- 828720 TI - [Distribution of Apiosomae over the body of fishes in the light of parasite-host relationship]. AB - The paper deals with the distribution of apiosomae over the body of fishes. The microecological condition (inhabitation on the skin, fins and gills) are analysed. Quantitative regularities are revealed in the distribution of apiosomae which are associated with differences in the inhabitation conditions on various parts of the host's body and the character of morphological variability resulting from these differences. It was established that the fins, especially the paired ones, and the surface of the body are most favourable for apiosomae. The gills have the least invasion density. PMID- 828721 TI - [Our experience in treating patients with blood transfusion complications]. PMID- 828722 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the anabolic effectiveness of various amino acid mixtures and hydrolysates for parenteral feeding]. PMID- 828723 TI - [Cerebellum and gravitation]. PMID- 828724 TI - Uses of frozen-thawed erythrocytes in a community hospital. PMID- 828725 TI - Use of frozen blood in surgical patients. PMID- 828726 TI - Antagonism of isolation-induced aggression in mice by thyrotropin-relasing hormone (TRH). AB - TRH was shown to be an extremely potent (ED50 = 0.04 mg/kg, IP) antagonist of isolation-induced aggression in male mice. The antifighting activity of TRH was selective in that it did not produce concurrent neurological impairment or significant alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity at antiaggressive doses. This activity of TRH appeared to be a direct affect on CNS structures since neither triiodothyronine nor any of the constituent amino acids of TRH antagonized aggression in isolated mice. The results are discussed in terms of the recent clinical effectiveness of TRH in some cases of mental illness (e.g., depression and schizophrenia). PMID- 828727 TI - The influence of hypothalamic temperature on some thermoregulatory effects of hypothalamic injections of norepinephrine. AB - Bilateral injections of norepinephrine bitartrate (5.0-20.0 microng) into the preoptic region and anterior hypothalamus were always followed by a reduction in core temperature and rate of behaviorally obtaining radiant heat in cold-exposed (5 degrees C) squirrel monkeys regardless of whether the temperature of this region was experimentally raised (40-42 degrees C) or lowered (32-34 degrees C). Decreases in tail temperature following injections of norepinephrine indicated that vasoconstriction was also associated with the reduction in body temperature and behavioral responses. Since conflicting behavioral and autonomic responses are observed following injections of norepinephrine, it is suggested that norepinephrine may be affecting thermoregulatory effector pathways nonspecifically rather than altering the set point about which body temperature is regulated. PMID- 828728 TI - [The use of calcium carbonate of reagent grade as a standard titrimetric substance in chelatometry]. PMID- 828729 TI - [Professor Iancu Gontea]. PMID- 828730 TI - The influence of moderate hyperbaric environment on the sensory-neuro-motor processes in man. AB - Thirteen healthy male divers were repeatedly studied during the exposure to a moderate hyperbaric environment of 4--6, 7 and 9 ATA, in a hyperbaric chamber. The maximal duration of the exposure was 35 min, and that of decompression 90 min. As compared to the dynamics of the changes found in 14 controls, under hyperbaric conditions a significant increase in the number of static tremor, an impairment of the sensory-motor performance in O'Connor's and in the rotation test were found and also of the muscular strength and resistance to fatigue (this latter only at 9 ATA). PMID- 828731 TI - The influence of moderate hyperbaric environment on some nervous functions and on the sympatho-adrenal and adreno-cortical activity in man. AB - Thirteen healthy males were repeatedly studied during the exposure to a moderate hyperbaric environment of 4--6, 7 and 9 ATA, in a hyperbaric chamber and partly during immersion in sea water (3.5--4 ATA). The maximal duration of the exposure was 35 min and that of decompression 90 min. As compared to the dynamics of the change found in controls, under hyperbaric conditions a significant prolongation of the visual reaction time (especially during sea dives), and an impairment of the mental performance in an arithemetical calculation test were found. There occurs an increase of the excretion in urine of cortisol, epinephrine and vanillylmandelic acid, especially after immersion in sea. PMID- 828732 TI - [The significance of left axial deviation; electrocardiographic and vetorcardiographic studies]. PMID- 828733 TI - [The nonspecific pharmacodynamic action of promethazine (Romergan) on the genital tract during long-term treatment]. PMID- 828734 TI - [Tactile sensitivity of the bulbar conjunction and of the cornea in cilio accommodative hypermetropic patients in a state of/cilio-accommodative fatigue]. PMID- 828735 TI - Influence of early training to cold environment on some neuroendocrine patterns in adult rats. AB - Experiments carried out on Wistar rats of either sex: controls; early trained to cold (day 1--30) and handled newborn rats, killed on day 105 show that cold exposure during neonatal period induces long-lasting changes, which persist during the adult life. The most important changes concern CNS metabolism (modifications of 32P-incorporation into cerebral phospholipids, phosphoproteins and nucleic acids) and thyroid function. The authors discuss the mechanisms of these changes and their biological significance. PMID- 828736 TI - [Standard histopathological guide for interpretation of hepatic punch biopsies]. PMID- 828739 TI - [The physiological indicator value of skin temperature of the arm for estimating changes in temperature of the body surface due to thermal modifications of the environment]. PMID- 828738 TI - The effect of +Gz acceleration upon lactate, pyruvate and some nucleotides in the nervous tissue of the guinea pig. AB - The present paper was designed to the study of the effects of hypoxia induced by positive accelerations upon energy metabolism in the brain. Variations in the amount of lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP and AMP were determined immediately after centrifugation and after intervals of 30 to 90 minutes. An increase in the quantity of lactate and pyruvate, and a diminution of ATP running parallel to an increase in AMP were noted immediately after centrifugation. These variations almost entirely disappeared 90 minutes after centrifugation. These findings drew attention to a possible imbalance of the neuronal energy processes, which might bring about, even for short periods, alteration of the neuronal function. PMID- 828737 TI - [Evaluation of immuno-serological tests as related to the clinical form of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 828740 TI - Consideration on the genetic code. AB - In this paper there are presented data and arguments which indicate that the genetic code also contains the information for the assembling of the trinucleotides and amino acids in the DNA-histones system, which works as an intra-cellar computer. PMID- 828741 TI - [The importance of fluid balance in hyperthermia]. PMID- 828743 TI - [Physical capacity (W 170 in children and adolescents in relation to sex and physical training]. PMID- 828742 TI - Comparative study of the effects of clonidine and 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine on catecholamines in essential arterial hypertension (EAH). AB - The effects of clonidine and of 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine (DHZPH) on some groups of subjects suffering from EAH were comparatively studied. In the group who received clonidine the values of the total catecholamines (CA) increased through the noradrenaline fraction (NA). The adrenaline (A) fraction remaining at quasi equal values with the initial ones, a significantly statistic decrease of the adrenaline percentage (A%) from CA occurred. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a CA decrease was noticed; interesting both fractions but first of all A and leading to the significantly statistic decrease of A%. Therefore, both in blood and in CSF, the therapy with clonidine diminished the values of A% to the proportions found in normal subjects. In the group receiving DHZPH the CA decrease in blood was produced by the decrease of the A absolute values. Consequently, an A% statistically significant decrease was noted. In the CSF the same CA decrease was registered, but more stressed, also due to the decrease of the A fraction. Therefore, the therapy with DHZPH also induced a decrease of the values of A% down to those of normal subjects. The EAH treatment both with clonidine and with DHZPH seems to intervene in mechanisms regulating the tensional values in which the catecholamines are involved. PMID- 828744 TI - [Esthesiometric behavior of the perikeratic bulbar conjunctiva and of the cornea at simulated high altitudes]. PMID- 828745 TI - Circulating and cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines in asthenic neorosis. AB - The behaviour of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood catecholamines (CA) was investigated in 18 cases (men and women in equal number) suffering from asthenic neurosis. The values of the total CA both in the CSF and in blood did not show significant statistic variations as compared to normal subjects, and yet, both in the CSF and in blood a modification of the values of the CA fractions - adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) - was noticed, even more visible in the CSF, i.e. a decrease of the absolute values of NA and an increase of the absolute values of A, determining an important increase of the adrenaline percentage (A%) values from the total CA which, from 23% (in normal subjects) reached 52% in the blood and 63% in the CSF in the case of asthenic neurosis. PMID- 828746 TI - [Comparative study of the influence of some diethylaminoprophyl phenothiazine compounds on sexual function equilibrium]. PMID- 828747 TI - Some pharmacological correlations of hypothermia induced by anticholinesterasics. AB - The investigations have been performed on Wistar rats intoxicated with paraoxon in toxic sublethal doses. There have been measured the variations of rectal temperature at various time periods following the anticholinesterase agent. The authors established the pharmacodynamic correlations of paraoxon-induced hypothermia with cholinesterase reactivators (toxogonin, isonitrosine), anticholinergic substances (atropine, butylscopolamine), carbamic anticholinesterase (eserine, neoeserine) and chlorpromazine. The efficiency of atropine and cholinesterase reactivators in antagonization of hypothermia induced by organophosphorics on the one hand, and only of atropine against hypothermia induced by carbamates on the other hand allow the hypothesis of a central cholinergic mechanism, predominantly muscarinic, involved in hypothermia induced by anticholinesterasics and of a direct correlation of this mechanism with phosphorylation or carbamylation processes of cerebral cholinesterases. PMID- 828748 TI - The influence of bradykinin on carotid baroreceptors in vitro. AB - The actions of bradykinin on isolated and superfused carotid baroreceptors have been examined. Bradykinin was applied either locally, in the organ bath, in doses of 9 microng, or by superfusion in doses of 0.8 - 0.9 microng/ml saline. The results have shown that bradykinin has no effects upon the activity of baroreceptors. PMID- 828749 TI - [Use of the analyzer in thyroid scintiscanning]. PMID- 828750 TI - Effects of training to heat and cold in the neonatal period on the body temperature response of adult rats. AB - Forty infant albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I was exposed 15 minutes daily for one month to a dry ambient temperature of +40 degrees C +/- 1 degree C and group II was exposed to 10 - 20 minutes daily to an ambient temperature of - 10 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C. Groups III and IV served as controls. When they had grown adult the animals of the experimental groups were exposed once to the temperature to which they had been trained. Basal temperature was measured and the temperature curve was recorded for 30 - 60 minutes after removing the animals from the hot or cold environment. Values were compared with those found in the control groups. The statistically processed results show that daily exposure to heat and cold does not influence the basal temperature of adult animals but impairs functional tests and resistance to limit temperature exposure. Thus, compared with controls, animals trained to cold developed a significantly lower hypothermia, whereas the animals trained to heat responded by a temperature rise equalling in height and duration that of controls when they were exposed to +40 degrees C, but displayed a significantly poorer resistance to lethal hyperthermic shock. The paper ends with a discussion of the mechanisms involved in these late effects, which are probably due to the impaired maturation of the pituitary-adrenal system in the neonatal period. PMID- 828751 TI - The effects of metyrapone (Metopiron) on the half-life time of phenazone (Antipyrine) in rabbits. AB - The half-life time as well as the disappearance curve of phenazone from the plasma were determined in control rabbits. The same measurements were performed in rabbits which received two doses of metyrapone. No evident effect of metyrapone on phenazone metabolism could be detected under these experimental conditions. PMID- 828752 TI - The role of the sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium ions in the transfer of energy at the level of the ATP molecule. AB - According to our model, in the stage which precedes the delivery of energy from the high-energy bond, one calcium ion and two sodium ions are fixed by the phosphates of the ATP molecule. In this way, a triangle of ions with the peak situated near the high-energy bond is formed. This triangle is an electric polarizing system, which directs the electronic orbitals of the phosphates in two diverging directions, starting from the calcium ion and going to the two sodium ions. The above-mentioned polarization helps, at the opportune moment, the breaking of the high-energy bond and the delivery of two waves of electronic excitation. In the stage which precedes the recovery of the high-energy bond, one magnesium ion takes the position of the calcium ion, and two potassium ions replace the two sodium ions. These ions form a polarizing system, which directs the electronic orbitals of the ADP and phosphoric acid molecule in two converging directions, starting from the two potassium ions and arriving at the magnesium ion. This polarization favours the building of the high-energy bond, when two waves of electronic excitation arising from a donor molecule arrive at the level of the two phosphates which must be united. PMID- 828753 TI - Can we afford the best? Or is second best better. PMID- 828754 TI - An evaluation of fluidic control in ventilators. PMID- 828757 TI - [The "in vitro" susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin (author's transl)]. PMID- 828758 TI - [The "in vitro" sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 828756 TI - [Clinical value of the THR test (author's transl)]. PMID- 828755 TI - [Prognostic findings in multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 828759 TI - [Catheter septicemia caused by gram negative bacteria in infants: clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 828760 TI - [Chronic obstructive syndrome in bronchopulmonary pathology in children]. PMID- 828761 TI - [Congenital dermal sinus]. PMID- 828762 TI - [Hemostasis changes in acute diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 828763 TI - [Turner's syndrome with mosaicism associated with congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 828764 TI - [Evaluation of psychomotor disorders in children]. PMID- 828766 TI - [Practical transfusion. Technics utilized by French transfusion centers for identifying Austrian antigen (HBs)]. PMID- 828765 TI - [Congenital defects of the diaphragm in children]. PMID- 828767 TI - [Postgraduate assignment. Prevention of fetomaternal rhesus immunizaiton by anti D immunoglobulins]. PMID- 828768 TI - Du. PMID- 828769 TI - Biological and clinical significance of differences between RBC membrane (Rh) and non membrane (ABH, MN, P) antigenic sites. PMID- 828770 TI - [Relational models and psychopathology of epileptics in a group-psychotherapy perspective (author's transl)]. AB - Epileptic patients show a large range of psychopathologic manifestations, both from a qualitative point of view (even with an exact reference to the nature and the site of lesion) and from a quantitative point of view (from the so-called characterial attitude to the psychotic developments). Perhaps all these alterations of psychiatric interest have a common denominator because, after all, they arise from the sum of two essential moments: the experience of the critical event on the one hand, and the interactive network between the patient and those who are present to his critical manifestations on the other. In particular this complex relational psychopathology needs several therapeutic interventions which are to be complementary and concordant so that they may give satisfactory results of psychosocial reinsertion. We think that the model of intervention to be preferred for its effectiveness is that drawn from group-psychotherapy tecniques: the model in which "psychoanalysis meets sociology (Foulkes) seems to be particularly specific to this problem because it concerns the microsocial and investigates (and, by means of the conduction, it resolves) distorted ways of communication and conflictual dynamic interactions. We followed some epileptics in the group-community of the neurological department of a general hospital (of course with other mental, not epileptic, patients). These preliminary studies lead us to point out the theoretical reasons and the practical justifications of such possible management of the psychological manifestations of epileptic patients. PMID- 828771 TI - The test of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes in lymphocytoses. AB - The test of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was used to estimate the rosette forming lymphocytes (RFL) in the peripheral blood from normal subjects and from patients with various lymphocytoses. The test was performed in 65 patients with : chronic leukemia (CLL), lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism and pertussis as well as in 25 normal controls. The percentage of RFL was constantly and significantly low in all the cases of CLL. However, in absolute values the RFL count was found within normal limits or increased. Trying to establish a correlation between the number of T lymphocytes and the clinical forms of disease (aggressive and non-aggressive) on the one hand, and on the other hand to find the effect of cytostatic therapy, on this lymphocytic population, we observed that in the aggressive form the absolute values of RFL were obviously increased as compared with the other form and that cytostatic therapy reduced the number of RFL. The cellular immune deficit in CLL is discussed as well as the clinical utility of the rosette test with sheep erythrocytes for the estimation of the immune status in patients with malignant or reactive lymphoprpliferations. PMID- 828772 TI - [Thiophosphamide in the complex treatment of infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 828773 TI - Social welfare expenditures, 1950-75. AB - This article takes both a short-term and a long-term look at trends in social welfare expenditures under public programs. For fiscal year 1975, inflation and the recession were the key to developments. Inflation ate up more than half the 20 percent ($47 billion increase--the largest in the history of the series- partly as the result of antirecession measures. After adjustment for population and price changes, the real increase in per capita constant dollars was 7.1 percent--not large by recent measures but still significant when compared with the average annual increaseof 5.9 percent recorded since 1950. Public social welfare expenditures capped a decade of unusual growth in 1975 to absorb one-fith of the Nation's output of goods and services, after consuming only 9-12 percent between 1950 and 1965. Private social welfare expenditures of $108 billion accounted for less than 8 percent of the 1975 gross national product. PMID- 828774 TI - The economic cost of illness revisited. AB - In and out of government, determining the cost of illness is a major concern. The allocation of health care resources and the evaluation of current research and program efforts depend in large measure on such information. This article updates the 1963 benchmark study of the cost of illness. For the 16 major diagnostic categories of illnesses, the cost is presented in terms of the direct costs for prevention,detection, and treatment; the morbidity losses due to disability; and the mortality losses resulting from premature death. The method of calculating the cost of any illness is described, and data necessary for the calculation are provided. In 1972, the estimated total cost of illness was $188 billion: $75 billion for direct costs, $42 billion for morbidity, and $71 billion for mortality. Diseases of the circulatory system were the most costly, representing about one-fifth of all costs of illness. PMID- 828775 TI - National health expenditures, fiscal year 1975. AB - According to preliminary estimates of the Nation's health spending in fiscal year 1975, health expenditures reached $118.5 billion, or $547 per person. Total health spending showed a 14-percent rise, significantly higher than the increase in 1974 when price controls in the health industry were in effect for most of the year. The acceleration of health spending during 1975 was accompanied by a slackening in the growth of the gross national product. Expenditures for this purpose, as a share of the GNP, thus rose significantly to 8.3 percent. Public spending grew two and one-half times as fast as private spending in 1975, mainly because of the continuing expansion of Medicare and Medicaid. Third parties financed an estimated two-thirds of all personal health care spending, with the government share 40 percent and that of private insurance 27 percent. PMID- 828776 TI - Private health insurance in 1974: a review of coverage, enrollment, and financial experience. AB - In 1974, more than three-fourths of the civilian population had substantial economic protection through private health insurance against the costs of hospital and surgical care. Smaller proportions were covered at least in part for other health care costs, usually after payment of deductibles and coinsurance. Consumers got back 87 percent of their premium dollars in the form of benefits. The rise in premium income in 1974 lagged 4 percentage points behind the growth in claims incurred. The result was a net underwriting loss of $359.7 million or 1.3 percent of premium income. Most consumers bought their health insurance protection through insurance companies, although Blue Cross-Blue Shield plans served about two-fifths of the insured population for hospital-associated care. In addition, about 6 percent received health care through independent prepayment and self-insured plans. PMID- 828777 TI - World developments and trends in social security. AB - A survey of developments in the social security systems of more than 125 countries from 1971 to 1975 found that most programs are undergoing significant growth. This pattern is reflected primarily by the adoption of additional programs and new provisions designed to raise benefit levels, provide flexibility in retirement practices, expand coverage, and cope with demographic changes, inflationary trends, and growing costs. The new measures tend to extend the role of social security programs through providing a greater proportion of the population with more comprehensive protection and setting higher benefit rates to replace income lost because of old age, disability, sickness, work injury, unemployment, or death. PMID- 828778 TI - Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1975. AB - This report of health care spending in fiscal year 1975 reveals that of the $103.2 billion spent by the Nation for personal health care, 15 percent was spent for those under age 19, 56 percent for persons aged 19-64, and 29 percent for those aged 65 or older. The average health care bill for the oldest group was $1,360; it was $472 for the intermediate age group and $212 for the young. Third party payments met 71 percent of the aged group's health care expense and 66 percent of the health expenditures of persons under age 65. Public funds paid for one-fourth of the health expenses of the young, nearly one-third of the health bills of those aged 19-64, and two-thirds of those of the aged. Medicare alone paid 72 percent of the hospital expense for the aged and 54 percent of their doctor bills. The average direct payment by the consumer amounted to $390 for those aged 65 and older and $128 for persons under age 65. PMID- 828779 TI - [Disease of heavy chains mu (new forms of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses)]. PMID- 828780 TI - [Principles of treatment of hemoblastoses under ambulatory conditions]. PMID- 828781 TI - [Immunosorbents and their use for isolating and purifying biologically active substances]. PMID- 828782 TI - [Quantitative determination of salivary immunoglobulins as a method of studying local immunity in malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity]. PMID- 828783 TI - The federal government: health care's not-so-silent partner. PMID- 828784 TI - The answer to rising costs: developing effective controls. PMID- 828785 TI - [Skeletal muscle antigens bound with a polyurethane glue]. AB - The reaction of anaphylaxia with desensibilization on guinea pigs and the method of double diffusion in agar gel were used to study the antigenic composition of the rat skeletal muscles 3, 7 and 30 days after their cross sections were connected with polyurethane glue and silk. It is shown that in the postoperative period, besides antigens similar to those of the normal muscles, other antigens which may belong to stage-specific ones appears in the fraction of soluble proteins. The antigenic composition of the skeletal muscles is the same with both methods of connection of the tissues defects. PMID- 828786 TI - [Milking without additional hand stripping and health status of the mammary gland]. AB - A field trial was performed in two half-sib first-calver groups of the Bohemiam Spotted breed. Each group included thirteen animals, studied for the effect of milking without additional hand stripping on the health condition of the mammary gland for a period of one lactation. The indices of an udder health condition were not affected at an appreciable level of statistical significance (the clinical and bacteriological picture, the positivity of the Mastitis test - NK, the content of milk cellular elements, milk chloride ion content, lactose content, and the value of the chlorine-sugar number. The unstripped udder halves showed a slight increase of the irritation index (by 0.1), milk cellular element content (by 33 000 per per 1 ml), chloride ion content (by 0.81 mmol 1+-1), and chlorine-sugar number (by 0.03). However, the mentioned increase did not exceed the limits of the physiological ranges of the parameters under study - hence it cannot be treated as a sign of udder alteration due to milking without additional hand stripping. PMID- 828787 TI - [Bactericidal effect of Dikonit]. AB - The research centre of the Lachema nat Bohumin has developed new disinfectants with active chlorine on the basis of chlorinated derivatives of cyanuric acid. According to the physical and chemical properties, Dikon (sodium dichlorisocyanurate) was chosen as the best of these products; Later on, Dikon was given the trade mark Dikonit. Its minimum content of active chlorine is 55%. The purpose of the work was to test its bactericidal effect and to compare it with the effect of chloramin B. Tests on carriers and under practical conditions have demonstrated that, with the same content of active chlorine in solutions in practical use, Dikonit has almost the same bactericidal effect as Chloramin B produced so far. Due to this good bactericidal effect, Dikonit is a suitable means for prophylactic and focal disinfection in animal production and provides a good enrichment of the disinfectants based on active chlorine and produced in Czechoslovakia. It is recommended for prophylactic disinfection to use 1% solutions of Dikonit which are able to give the same effect in all parameters as warm solutions of 2-per-cent Chloramin B. The effective concentration to be used for focal disinfections can be deduced only approximately from the resistance of the infective agent with respect to the concentrations of Chloramin B, recommended as yet. An exact determination of the effective concentration would require experimental verification. PMID- 828788 TI - [The incidence of porcine Escherichia coli strains suspected to be pathogenic in pigs]. AB - In the period from 1973 to the first half of 1975 the Central State Veterinary Institute, Bratislava, performed a serological typification of E. coli strains isolated from 1567 dead sucklings and weanlings. The pigs suffering from diarrhoea as the main clinical manifestation of the disease came from 10 districts of the West-Slovakian region. The serological typification of the strains was based on slow agglutination in a test tube and the tests concerned the following 0-antigens: 8, 117, 138, 139, 141, 147, 149, 101. The E. coli strains suspected to be pathogenic were found in 29.5% of sucklings and in 50.3% of weanlings, on an average for the whole period of study. The individual serological groups of E. coli were represented in the following proportions in sucklings: 0149 (29.8%) of all serological groups studied, 08 (23.9%), 0117 (16.1%), 0147 (12.5%), 0101 (10.1%), 0141 (6.5%), 0138 (1.1%); serological group 0139 did not occur. The following representation was observed in weanlings: 0139 (42.0%), 08 (19.1%), 0117 (13.3%), 0147 (11.9%), 0141 (8.6%), 0101 (3.8%), 0138 (0.9%), 0149 (0.4%). From the viewpoint of prevention and measures against porcine coli-infections, the most frequent and most important E. coli, strains are mentioned. PMID- 828789 TI - [Distribution of acid and neutral proteases in various organs and tissues of chickens]. AB - The radioisotopic method of 131J-labelled albumin was employed to determine the distribution of acidic proteinase activity in some organs and tissues of chickens. The highest enzymatic activities were found in intestine wall, in pancreas, and in liver. Considerably lower activities were ascertained in kidneys, brain, lungs, and heart. The different proportions of these enzymes in homogenates and supernatant fractions (106 000 g) testify to a lack of uniformity in the solubility of cathepsins in the organs tested. The tested organs, with the exception of pancreas, did not show any enzymatic activity of neutral proteinases. PMID- 828791 TI - [Sebaceous gland tumors in dogs]. AB - Histologically were investigated 37 cases of neoplastic growths and 2 cases of hyperplasia in canine sebaceous glands. From this number 24 tumours of circumanal glands (20 adenomas and 4 carcinomas) and 13 tumours of sebaceous glands in extraanal localization were found. The average age of affected dogs was 9 years. In the neoplastic tissue of circumanal adenomas three differentiation degrees of sebaceous cells were identified. Biological behaviour is favourable, tumours destructured the tissue only topically. Malignant neoplasias consisted of tumorously proliferated, lowly differentiated sebaceous cells. Tumours observed in the ear and external ear canal are histologically similar to human cutaneous sebaceous gland adenomas and therefore from the viewpoint of comparative oncology they are important. In therapy, surgical extirpation is applied with possible estrogen combination. PMID- 828790 TI - [The level of beta-karotene and vitamin A in the blood of nursing calves and their mothers]. AB - The level of beta-carotene and vitamin A was studied in the blood plasma of the calves of the Bohemian Spotted breed (heifers, n = 24) and in the blood plasma of their mothers (n = 24). The experimental animals were divided according to the date of birth or parturition into two groups: from the 0th to the 7th day and from the 8th to the 14th day after birth or parturition. All the animals showed no manifest signs of disease, the over-all health condition of the herd was good. Examinations were performed in the period from September to October. The composition of calf feed ration guaranteed the supply of beta-carotene to the organism. The average vitamin A level in the cows 0 to 7 days after parturition was 66.0 mug per 100 ml and the average level of beta-carotene in the same animals was 950.9 mug per 100 ml of plasma. In calves 0 to 7 days after birth the average level of vitamin A reached 16.7 mug per 100 ml and that of beta-carotene 87.5 mug per 100 ml of plasma. The mentioned average values are higher than levels considered as deficient. The levels of both substances increased in calves with the time of sucking: hence an average vitamin A level of 29.8 mug per 100 ml of plasma and beta-carotene level of 280.1 mug per 100 ml of plasma were found in the calf category from the 8th to the 14th day after birth. In this age category the level of vitamin A in blood plasma was still highly significantly lower than in the blood plasma of their mothers; however, in beta-carotene the difference was not statistically significant. While the levels of vitamin A and beta carotene in calf plasma increased with the time of sucking, the level of both substances in the plasma of their mothers decreased. However, the drop of the level of vitamin A in cow plasma 8--14 days after parturition is not statistically significant; on the other hand, the drop of beta-carotene was found significant. This suggests that the reserve of these substances, especially of beta-carotene, in the cows decreases in the post-partal period which would justify, in breeding practice, an increased supply of vitamin A and beta carotene, both with respect to calf nutrition and with respect to the biological value of milk used for human consumption. PMID- 828792 TI - [Influence of various temperatures on the essential fatty acid content of butter]. AB - Acid value and fatty acid content were determined in fresh, heat-treated and stored butter. In heat-treated butter, besides the altered acid value also the percentual fatty acid content was changed so that the highest decrease was found with linoleic, linolenic and higher unsaturated fatty acids, whereas the percentual content of palmitic acid increased. The increased acid value and decreased levels of higher unsaturated fatty acids were demonstrated to depend on the height of the temperature used. The results indicate that the probable cause may be the appearance of polymers of unsaturated fatty acids, with higher retention times than the monomolecular fatty acids. In stored butter a decreased unsaturated fatty acid content was found as well, especially in the group stored at +4 degrees C in a refrigerator. A microbiological examination of fresh and stored butter mostly complied with the requirements of Czechoslovak standards (CSN). The results indicated significant losses of the nutritionally important essential fatty acids causing decreased biological butter values at heating, as well as the possibility of employing the method of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid determination for testing the losses at butter melting, even due to other reasons, as e. g. infections. PMID- 828793 TI - [Use of the microculture method for assessing the quality of disinfection in tuberculosis]. PMID- 828794 TI - [From the history of the practical introduction of STI vaccine]. PMID- 828795 TI - [Preparation of anthrax vaccines using the AKM-Sh apparatus]. PMID- 828796 TI - [Study of Pseudomonas infections on breeding stations]. PMID- 828797 TI - [Sarcocyst invasiveness in animal muscles]. PMID- 828798 TI - [Comparison of different E. coli serogroups by the agar gel double diffusion method]. PMID- 828799 TI - [Cholangiocholecystography]. PMID- 828801 TI - [Measurement and interpretation of the noise level in the industrial environment]. PMID- 828800 TI - [Precautions in the performance of the effort ECG-Master's test]. PMID- 828803 TI - Failure of glibenclamide to stimulate glucose uptake by adipose tissue in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 828804 TI - The inflationary period in health care costs: 1969-1971. PMID- 828802 TI - [Use of the urea increment as an index of the effectiveness of parenteral feeding]. AB - The influence exerted by the composition of intravenously introduced mixture of amino acids on so-called urea increment, i.e. the difference between the urea concentration in the blood on an empty stomach an on termination of its introduction, was studied in tests on adult mongrel male-dogs. On the other hand, upon introduction of an amino acids mixture imitating the Swedish preparation Vamin, which includes all essential and non-essential amino acids (except for glutamine and asparagine) in proportion as found in the egg white the urea increment values turned out to be inferior than on administration of a mixture containing from among essential amino acids only arginine and histidine, and from among non-essential ones-glycine and glutamic acid. The urea increment was also lower following combined introduction of an amino acids mixture together with an energy-producing (calorific) material, than when the latter was fed on prior to introduction of the mixture. The totality of findings suggests that as to its sensitivity to the composition of the parenterally introduced nutritional mixture and, possibly, dietary regimen-the urea increment is in no way inferior to the cumbersome, and difficulty realizable under clinical conditions method of nitrogen balance as a criterion for the efficacy of parenteral nutrition and deserves a detailed study as regards its clinical application. PMID- 828805 TI - [Experimental questions about parenteral nutrition]. AB - In a synopsis theoretical and experimental problems of the parenteral nutrition are discussed. The infusional phlebitis and thrombose, the technique of exact dosage of infusion fluids, the balance of nitrogen utilization and questions of the essential and unspecifical nitrogen sources, the energy requirement and the carbohydrate utilization, the dynamique of insulin secretion and possibilities of energy preparation by lipid components are especially mentioned. Finally a general conception of parenteral nutrition inserted in cited and discussed results is developed which is proceeding from the thesis, that the nitrogen requirement related to the body weight is determinining the requirements of energy, potassium and water. The limiting factors of parenteral nutrition are the maximal turnover of substrates and the osmotical excretion capacity in the homoiostatic regulation. PMID- 828807 TI - [Afferent connections of thalamic anterior dorsalis nucleus in cats]. PMID- 828806 TI - [Role of interneurons in the lateral corpus geniculatum in mammals]. AB - 1. This paper presents a summary of the morphological characteristics of I neurons in the Cgld of mammals. These neurons consist of smaller somata and less dendrites being longer than the P-neurons. In all species investigated until now a short branched axon has been found. The dendritic structures show postsynaptic as well as presynaptic characteristics. 2. The innervation of I-neurons is not cleared up sufficiently. Besides retinal and cortical afferents, recurrent collaterals of P-neurons can be taken into account. Physiologists and morphologists give priority to retinal terminals. 3. The presynaptic dendrites of I-neurons are connected in triads with retinal terminals an P-neuron dendrites. Morphological and physiological findings open up the possibility of triads acting as "quasi interneurons" (HAMORI et al. 1974) and make the tonical activity change into the phasical one. 4. The endings of I-neuron axons being constantly presynaptic, synapse perferably at the somata of P-neurons and act presumably as inhibitors of P-neurons in the margin of a retinal input zone (surroundinhibition). In this connection quantitative considerations are carried out. 5. The morphological specializations of I-neurons are discussed in connection with their supposed physiological properties. PMID- 828808 TI - [Quantitative histological study for localization of thyrotropic partial function regulator in rats]. PMID- 828809 TI - [Heart innervation of Tupaia belangeri]. PMID- 828810 TI - [Origin of premelanosomes in chick embryo iris]. PMID- 828811 TI - [Genesis of congenital cleft sternum]. PMID- 828812 TI - [Lysosomal storage diseases: clinical variety and genetic heterogeneity (author's transl)]. PMID- 828813 TI - [Lysosomal storage diseases: possibilities of the clinical-biochemical diagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 828814 TI - [Lysosomal storage diseases: possibilities of the ultrastructural diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 828815 TI - [Fine structural and cytochemical findings in Sanfilippo's disease type A (author's transl)]. PMID- 828816 TI - [Theory and practice of electroanesthesia (results of a 15-year study of electroanesthesia in clinical practice and under experimental conditions)]. PMID- 828817 TI - [Syndrome of oculo-dento-digital dysplasia]. PMID- 828818 TI - [Combination of ichthyosis with Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 828819 TI - [Protective properties of gonococcal vaccines]. PMID- 828820 TI - [Comparative study of antigenic structure of human skin and its fractions separated by enzymatic method]. PMID- 828821 TI - [Pathological conditions of the esophagus after cervical vagotomy in patients with laryngeal cancer and their correction]. PMID- 828822 TI - Normal values in the adult Zambian. VI. Transferrin. AB - A study of the concentration of transferrin in the normal Zambian adult is presented. There is no difference demonstrated between males and females but the time allowed for diffusion is important and values are given for the periods: 4 hours, 16 hours and 48 hours. PMID- 828823 TI - Normal values in the adult Zambian. VII. Ceruloplasmin. AB - The concentration of ceruloplasmin in normal Zambian adults is presented. The levels are comparable to those reported for Europeans but there is a distinct difference in concentrations between sexes. This difference is accentuated by taking of the "pill". PMID- 828825 TI - [Use of the neutralization test for mass population studies]. AB - The authors applied the antibody neutralization test (ANT) for detection of causative agent of intestinal infections in feces of healthy population in Turkmenia. Some part of the material was studied in parallel with the aid of the ANT and by the bacteriological method. As a result of comparison it appeared that in using the ANT causative agents of intestinal infections were revealed much more frequently than by the bacteriological method; in this connection this serological method can be recommended as an auxiliary one for the diagnosis of intestinal infections. PMID- 828824 TI - [Immunologic study of the cellular components of pseudomonas pyocyaneus. II. Extraction of purified lipopolysaccharide, its characteristics and elaboration of an erythrocyte O-diagnosticum]. AB - The authors elaborated a method of obtaining a highly active lipopolysaccharide preparation from the cell membranes of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa whose sensitizing activity exceeded that of the polysaccharide isolated from the intact microbial cells almost 20 times. The optimal sensitizing dose of the preparation constituted 15 micron/ml. An erythrocytic diagnostic agent permitting to determine the antibodies in the sera of patients with the purulent-in flammatory diseases caused by Ps. aeruginosa was prepared on the basis of the purified lipo polysaccharide. A definite dependence of the hemagglutinin titres on the severity of the affection and the degree of the purulent-inflammatory process was revealed. PMID- 828826 TI - [Immunogenic properties of brucella protective antigen upon revaccination]. AB - The authors generalized the materials on the experimental study of the immunological efficacy of brucella protective antigen in revaccination. Revaccination 12 months after the immunization of guinea pigs with an antigen in a dose equal to the primary immunization dose (0.6 mg) reproduced the protection from the infection with a virulent Br. melitensis culture in 78% of the animals. The antigen proved to be effective only at the remote period between the revaccination and the primary antigen vaccination (12 months). The data obtained pointed to a high protective action of the antigen in the guinea pig revaccination 9 to 12 months after their immunization with live brucella Br. abortus 19-BA vaccine. PMID- 828828 TI - Euthyroid endocrine ophthalmopathy: a study of the pituitary-thyroid system. AB - The response of TSH to TRH is often abnormal in patients with euthyroid endocrine ophthalmopathy and, on the evidence of the present observations, falls into different patterns. The close relationship between the euthyroid and the hyperthyroid types of endocrine ophthalmopathy and the possibility of the two forms representing in reality successive phases of the same process are pointed out. Demonstration of LATS in the serum, slightly increased serum triiodothyronine-levels, failure of normal response to TRH and an abnormal triiodothyronine-suppression test in euthyroid ophthalmopathy may herald the manifestation of hyperthyroidism at some later time. PMID- 828827 TI - Morphological changes of the adapting small intestine under various conditions. An experimental and clinical study. PMID- 828830 TI - Some biophysicochemical properties of Bufo arenarum oocytes jelly coats. AB - The state of water in the oocyte jelly coat in Bufo arenarum has been studied by different methods. The water exchange and adsorption isotherm show a high interaction between water and the matrix of jelly coat. Some biological implications are discussed. PMID- 828829 TI - Treatment of intestinal fistulas. Interest of intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - The authors present a report of four personal cases of intestinal fistulas, treated by parenteral hyperalimentation. They describe the technique of parenteral hyperalimentation used. There was one complication due to yeast septicemia from a sub-clavian catheter used for parenteral nutrition. Treatment of the yeast septicemia by amphotericine B was successful. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1976, 27, 35-44). PMID- 828831 TI - Demonstration and evaluation of cost accounting for educational programs at St. Francis Hospital-Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois. PMID- 828832 TI - Hepatitis B subunit vaccine: a preliminary report of safety and efficacy tests in chimpanzees. AB - The 22 nm spherical form of hepatitis B surface antigen was purified from the serum or plasma of chronic carriers of the antigen. Antigens of subtypes ayw and adr were individually prepared by isopycnic banding in cesium chloride followed by rate zonal separation in sucrose. Each preparation was stabilized with human serum albumin, and aliquots were inactivated with 1:2000 formalin at 37 C for 96 hours. The potency and immunogenicity of each preparation were determined: both antigenicity and immunogenicity were retained by the preparations following purification and inactivation. Seronegative chimpanzees were vaccinated with the antigen preparations. None of the vaccinated chimpanzees developed evidence of infection with hepatitis B virus during the follow-up period. Twenty-four weeks after vaccination vaccinated and control chimpanzees were inoculated with live hepatitis B virus. Control chimpanzees developed hepatitis associated with HBs Ag seven and nine weeks following challenge. In contrast, none of the chimpanzees vaccinated with HBs Ag developed HBs Ag or hepatitis. Thus, hepatitis B vaccine appeared to be safe and efficacious when tested in chimpanzees. PMID- 828833 TI - Purified and inactivated human hepatitis B vaccine: progress report. AB - Developments leading to the preparation and testing for safety and potency of a highly purified inactivated preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen are descirbed. Protective efficacy studies in chimps of a lot of the inactivated hepatitis B vaccine are currently and suitable for clinical trials in man. PMID- 828835 TI - Current developments in the genetics of livestock improvement. PMID- 828836 TI - Studies on red cell carbonic anhydrase types in Korean cattle. AB - Red cell carbonic anhydrase types in Korean cattle were investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis. A carbonic anhydrase zone (X) located ahead zone F was found in 12 out of 502 Korean cattle. The distribution of CA phenotypes in 490 Korean cattle was CA FS type 92 and CA SS type 398. The CA FF type has not yet been recognized in Korean cattle. The gene frequencies were CAF = 0.094 and CAS = 0.906. No statistically significant differences were observed between gene frequencies in cattle from six different Korea provinces. PMID- 828834 TI - [Assessment of chronic drug administrations in teratology]. PMID- 828837 TI - [Adaptation of a Sindbis virus population to "Drosophila melanogaster" (author's transl)]. AB - The evolution of a Sindbis virus population during serial passages in drosophila has been studied. The adaptation of Sindbis virus to this unusual host was achieved within about twenty passages. Of course, the viral population went on evolving: a thermosensitive mutant appeared which excluded the original virus; later, a new type, different in plaques morphology, was observed: it did not exclude the former type but remained balanced with it. The adaptation of Sindbis virus to drosophila was revealed in two ways: first, in an improvement of the efficiency of infection in flies without any alteration of the plating efficiency on vertebrate cells; second, in an earlier and earlier invasion of flies which resulted from an accelerated rate of early virus production by the cells. A relationship between those two modifications is suggested. The adaptation of Sindbis virus to drosophila was probably the result of a rather high number of mutationnal steps which did not involve any concomitant change in the thermosensitivity of the viral population. An interpretation is presented. PMID- 828838 TI - The energy metabolism of the reproductive tract of the pregnant ewe. PMID- 828839 TI - [Pattern and efferent paths of LRH neurons in primates (author's transl)]. AB - LRH neurons have been studied by immunofluorescence on slides using rabbit immunoserum against unconjugated synthetic LRH. In Primates they form main groups localized in the medio basal hypothalamus, the septo-preoptic area, the anterior pericommissural area and the perimammilary region. They give rise, respectively, to the hypothalamo-infundibular LRH tract, the preoptico-terminal LRH tract, various extra-hypophyseal LRH tracts, ending in the telencephalon, the epithalamo epiphyseal region and the mesencephalon. PMID- 828841 TI - [Prolactin plasma levels in male sterility and hypogonadism (author's transl)(proceedings)]. PMID- 828840 TI - [Follow up of 30 cases of prolactin -- or somatotropin -- secreting adenomas after trans-spenoidal surgery (author's transl)(proceedings)]. PMID- 828842 TI - [Prolactin response to thyroliberin in hypopituitary children (author's transl)(proceedings)]. PMID- 828843 TI - [TRH and thyroid suppression test in normal subjects (8) and thyroid disease (49) (author's transl)(proceedings)]. PMID- 828844 TI - [Radioreceptor assay for thyrotropin releasing hormone (author's transl)(proceedings)]. PMID- 828845 TI - [Fractionation of the mixture of volatile with steam components of propolis and the study of their antimicrobial activity]. PMID- 828846 TI - [Intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum and common mesentery associated with a motor-sensory neuropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 828849 TI - Is there a blood-brain barrier at the optic nerve head? AB - The retina and optic nerve have been demonstrated to possess a blood-brain barrier that prevents the passive passage of protein and certain dyes from the blood vessels into the extracellular space. Our observations suggest that an exception is present at the normal optic disc. Using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer for electron microscopy and the normal rhesus monkey as the experimental animal, we have demonstrated that in certain regions of the optic nerve head, horseradish peroxidase from the blood stream reaches the axons of the optic nerve through the border tissue of Elschnig from the adjacent choridal tissues. A barrier formed by a series of cell junctions between glial cells at the edge of the optic disc prevented spread of the tracer from the optic disc into the subretinal space. PMID- 828847 TI - [Lead. Environmental diffusion and biological aspects]. AB - The problems raised by ambient lead are examined with reference to its uptake, absorption and metabolism in man, animal metabolism and toxicology, sub-clinical effects, and health aspects. The existing research picture of this very complex field is surveyed. PMID- 828848 TI - Ibuprofen and visual function. Prospective evaluation. AB - Eye evaluations before and after 24 weeks of treatment with either ibuprofen (Motrin) or aspirin did not show eye toxicity with either drug in a double-blind study of 78 patients with osteoarthritis. The possibility of eye complications resulting from ibuprofen therapy suggested in two earlier reports has not been confirmed in clinical usage in other countries or in clinical trials in the United States. PMID- 828851 TI - The intensive care unit: its relationship to other health services. PMID- 828850 TI - Unusual mandibular fracture. PMID- 828852 TI - Amino acid studies during complete intravenous feeding of small premature infants. PMID- 828854 TI - A study of the isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheria from clinical cases of diphtheria. AB - Throat swabs from 1000 clinical cases of diphtheria were studied for isolation of C. diphtheria; only 21.4% were found to be positive. Most of the cases were between 1 to 4 years of age followed by 5 to 8 years. No cases were found below 8 months of age. The throat swabs taken from another 22 clinical diphtheria patients were immediately cultured at patients bed side and 63.6% were found to be positive for C. diphtheria. Time between the collection and plating the specimen was considered to be one of the main factors in the variation of the percentage isolation of C. diphtheria. From all KLB positive cases on direct smear, C. diphtheria could not be isolated on culture. Also, from all cases having definite patch(es) over tonsil(s), C. diphtheria could not be isolated. All strains were found to be sensitive against commonly used antibiotics. PMID- 828853 TI - Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia (Maroteaux-Lamy): a critical analysis. PMID- 828855 TI - Red cell carbonic anhydrase activity in duodenal ulcer. AB - Fortyone patients (34 males and 7 females) suffering from duodenal ulcer (diagnosed radiologically) were examined for red cell carbonic anhydrase activity. They had significantly high (P less than 0.001) activity of the enzyme when compared with a control group of normal healthy individuals. PMID- 828856 TI - [Polygraphic analysis of the relations between bladder pressure and non convulsive generalized seizures: waves of bladder hypertension]. PMID- 828857 TI - [Comparative study of membranes of Streptococcus faecalis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus]. AB - A comparative study of ultrastructure and IR-spectroscopy of osmotic shock membranes from cells of glycolyzing (Streptococcus faecalis) and respiring (Micrococcus lysodeikticus) bacteria, was made. The S. faecalis and M. lysodeikticus membranes differ in their cross-section. Treatment of the preliminary washed membranes of S. faecalis and M. lysodeikticus with a low ionic strength solution removes 40% and 70% of their proteins respectively, decreases the membrane cross-section but does not change their fracture faces. Pre-cooling of the membrane suspensions within the temperature range of +5 degrees-10 degrees results in the appearance of large smooth areas on S. faecalis membrane fracture faces, but does not affect the ones of M. lysodeikticus membrane. Treatment of the washed suspensions with Triton X-100 results in the appearance of drastic changes of S. faecalis membrane fracture faces and does not change the fracture faces of M. lysodeikticus membranes; treatment by the detergent does not alter the IR-spectroscopy of membranes of both bacteria. Treatment of S. faecalis and M. lysodeikticus membranes with high temperature irreversibly changes the structure of 20% and 40% of protein components respectively,, but does not affect the distribution of the subparticles on their fracture faces. It is assumed that the differences found are determined by the composition of lipid components of the membranes studied and that the amount of proteins closely bound with lipids in the membranes of S. faecalis is likely to be greater than that of M. lysodeikticus membranes. PMID- 828858 TI - [Interaction of various acceptors with oxygen anion-radicals in liver microsomes]. AB - Interaction of acceptors with oxygen (O2) anion-radicals appearing in the microsomal chain of electron transfers, was studied. It was found that nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) was reduced in liver microsomes both in the presence of O2 and through direct acceptance of electrons. The values of Km and Vmax for NBT and epinephrine interactions with microsomes were determined. The rate of O2 generation was calculated from the data obtained. PMID- 828859 TI - Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of fumarate hydratase assigned to chromosome. PMID- 828860 TI - Assignment of the nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) gene locus to region 14pter leads to 14q21. PMID- 828861 TI - Confirmation of the assignment of the locus determining ADA to chromosome 20 in man: data on possible synteny of ADA and ITP in human-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 828862 TI - The study of human immunoglobulins in hybrid cell: tentative assignment of the genes responsible for human heavy chain immunoglobulin production to chromosome 2. PMID- 828863 TI - Chromosome 1: lods on linkage among eight loci: Do, ENO1 Fy, PGM1, Rh, UMPK, Sc, and PGD. PMID- 828864 TI - Assignment of inosine triphosphatase gene to gorilla chromosome 13 and to human chromosome 20 in primate-rodent somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 828865 TI - A transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathy in a visitor to the eastern highlands of New Guinea. AB - A Caucasian male, clinically ill with a respiratory disease, visited the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea (endemic for kuru in the Fore people) and developed subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease) ten weeks later, from which he subsequently died. Brain material was inoculated intracranially into squirrel monkeys, and several of them developed a spongiform encephalopathy. Monkeys that received control material (normal brain) were normal. Electronmicroscopic features in affected brain tissue are described, and the question of a relationship between Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease and kuru is considered. PMID- 828866 TI - Simple formed hallucinations confined to the area of a specific visual field defect. AB - Thirteen patients with transient or permanent homonymous visual field defects experienced formed hallucinations localized to the affected part of the visual field. The lesion was occipital in 8 instances (infarction 7, porencephalic cyst 1), parietooccipital in 3 (infarction 2, angioma 1) and probably parietal in 2 (epilepsy 1, encephalitis 1). The disorder involved the right hemisphere in 9 cases, the left hemisphere in 3 cases and both hemispheres sequentially in one patient. Hallucinations were accompanied by palinopsia in 2 cases, metamorphopsia in one case and constriction of one pupil in another case. This particular type of hallucination is considered as an irritative phenomenon of the visual association cortex which can be symptomatic of a parieto-occipital lesion and does not necessarily implicate the temporal lobes. Distinctive features about the visions were that they consisted of people, animals or objects. There was no auditory accompaniment and any action that took place was stereotyped and did not tell a story. In most cases, the hallucinations were not clearly related to any visual memory. It is suggested that the visual association cortex amy be responsible for the organization of visual percepts into broad categories of which people, animals and objects are representative. The occurrence of such hallucinations with a visual field defect suggests that the cells of the association cortex are more likely to discharge spontaneously once they are deprived of their normal afferent inflow from the calcarine cortex. PMID- 828867 TI - [Simultaneous isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. Africanum in tuberculosis patients at the University Hospital of Dakar]. PMID- 828868 TI - [Research on a virus reservoir: revealing AgHBs in the monkey]. PMID- 828869 TI - [Use of phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium (Ospen) in pediatric practice]. PMID- 828871 TI - [TRH (author's transl)]. PMID- 828870 TI - [Study of humoral immunity in human biharziasis. Value of E.L.I.E.D.A. (enzyme linked immunoelectrodiffusion assay)]. AB - With a view to sensitize the immuno-electro-diffusion test (I.E.D.) and determine the immunoglobulins involved in the antigen-antibody reaction, the authors have improved the I.E.D. test by coupling it with an enzymatic technique. The precipitated immune-complexes are treated with antibodies conjugated with an enzyme specific for each class of immuno-globulins. This association realizes the E.L.I.E.D.A. (enzyme-linked immuno-electro-diffusion-assay). The sensitivity and specificity of the method are excellent, and should allow to follow the qualitative evolution of the bilharzian antibody in natural and experimental affections. PMID- 828873 TI - Autotransplantation of severed limbs. PMID- 828874 TI - Survey of electrical resistance of rabbit pinna in experimental peritonitis and peptic ulcer. PMID- 828872 TI - Effects of stimulation and inhibition of the renal prostaglandin synthetase system on renin release in vivo and in vitro. AB - 1. The prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (C20:4) increases plasma renin activity in the rabbit and rat when it is infused into the renal arteries. 2. The increase in plasma renin activity after C20:4 in rats is not changed by volume expansion. 3. The inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis indomethacin decreases plasma renin activity in the rabbit. 4. The increase plasma in renin activity after total renal ischaemia is abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin. 5. C20:4 increases dose- and time-dependent renin release from slices of rabbit kidney cortex. 6. Indomethacin or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid pretreatment in vivo, and addition to the incubation medium, reduces basal as well as C20:4 stimulated renin release in vitro. 7. The stimulating effect of C20:4 on renin release is assumed to be caused directly by formation of prostaglandin endoperoxides in the kidney cortex and not by prostaglandins since in vitro a natural prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGG2) and two stable synthetic prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues (EPA I and EPA II) do increase the release of renin, but PGE2 has no effect and PGF2alpha inhibits renin release. PMID- 828875 TI - Clinical evaluation of artificial skin no. II in deep burn management. PMID- 828876 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion of C14-AT-581 in animals. PMID- 828878 TI - Activation of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle by alpha-amino acids, edta and 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 828877 TI - Circadian rhythms in polyamine excretion by rats bearing an immunocytoma. AB - Large-amplitude circadian rhythms were observed in the urinary excretion of polyamines by rats bearing an immunocytoma. Control animals excreted polyamines at a lower rate but also with marked circadian variation. In confirmation of earlier observations, light-chain excretion by the tumor-bearing rats also exhibited a circadian rhythm, superimposed on an increasing trend. The potential of these rhythms as markers for the chronotherapy of cancer is noted. PMID- 828880 TI - Influence of self-medication on prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae in Zaria (Nigeria). PMID- 828879 TI - Effect of alpha-amino acids and chelating compounds on the esterase activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 828881 TI - Whole-body and exchangeable potassium measurements in normal elderly subjects. AB - A comparison of total body potassium status of eighteen healthy subjects with normal renal function in the age group 65-85 years, measured by whole body counting and by total exchangeable potassium on plasma and urine samples taken at 24h, shows that there is no delay in exchange in radioactive potassium in the elderly, and that the exchangeable method gives a reliable value of total body potassium. The results suggest that the normal range for potassium per kilogramme body weight is lower for old persons than for younger age groups. PMID- 828882 TI - Oral biology in Japan 1974-1975. 1. Oral anatomy. PMID- 828883 TI - Oral surgery in Japan 1974-1975. PMID- 828884 TI - Oral biology in Japan 1974-1975. 2. Oral histology. PMID- 828886 TI - [Isolation of menincococci in Palermo during a course of seasonable recrudescence]. AB - Three strains of Neisseria meningitidis were isolated from young patients during an outbreak of cerebrospinal fever in Palermo, fourteen from their family contacts. All strains from patients and ten of the strains from contacts fell into group C, two of the others into group B; two were untypable strains. All the strains belonging to group C exhibited sensitivity to sulphonamides and to other antibiotics tested. Strains of group B appeared resistant to sulphonamides and to combined trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole; they were also slightly resistant to streptomycin and tetracyclines. PMID- 828885 TI - [Phenomenon of primary resistance of Koch's bacillus: report on cases assembled at the pneumological hospital S. Luigi in Turin from 1972 to 1975]. AB - In this work the authors stress the importance reached in recent years by the primary resistance phenomenon in pulmonary consumption, and they explain the results pointed out by the examination of 171 antibiograms effected from 1972 to 1975 on patients with pathological forms ascertained for the first time. They conclude by underlining the reduction of the primary resistance when employing common antibiotics and, on the contrary, its rise with the use of the rifampicin which has recently been introduced in therapy; lastly they put into evidence the epidemiological importance of the phenomenon itself. PMID- 828887 TI - [Antibody response in subjects with meningococal disease and in healthy carriers of Neisseria meningitidis]. AB - Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis in sera of childrens suffering from cerebrospinal fever and in sera of their family contacts were assayed by serum bactericidal test, indirect immunofluorescence and passive hemagglutination. Changes in antibody titers were showed in the course of the observations in many patients but only in few contacts. The immune response during meningococcal disease and the sensitivity of different serological methods were discussed. PMID- 828888 TI - Guidelines on the at-risk concept and the health and nutrition of young children. "At-risk factors and the health and nutrition of young children". PMID- 828889 TI - The nutritionally at risk child. Part 1 : study of some socio-economic and cultural factors. AB - Various socio-economic and cultural factors prevalent in the Al Hussein Locality were studied, in an attempt to decide the groups of children that are nutritionally at risk. The study was carried out on 110 children suffering from energy protein malnutrition and 98 normal children. Their ages ranged between 4 and 36 months. The per capita income was found to be inadequate to meet the least requirements and it was considered to be the most important high risk factor that malnutrition needs to be tackled in this respect. The results and contribution of the other factors to malnutrition were discussed. PMID- 828890 TI - The nutritionally at risk child. Part 2 : study of factors pertinent to the child, siblings or mother. AB - Several high risk factors were evaluated in an attempt to determine the Egyptian children who are more prone to become malnourished. The study included 110 children with energy protein malnutrition and 98 normal children. Their ages were between 4 months and 3 years. Among the factors investigated, the 2nd 6 months of life was found to be the most critical for nutritional deficiency. Presence of previous siblings with malnutrition, presence of more than 2 sibling deaths and presence of history of severe diarrhoea with dehydration were significantly related to the nutritional status of children. Twinning, birth order and birth interval showed some relation to malnutrition but were not statistically significant. The sex of the child and maternal weight did not influence the nutritional state of children. However, these low-socialclass children were found to be mostly (92.8%) breast fed. PMID- 828891 TI - Hepatic succinic dehydrogenase in marasmic Egyptian infants. AB - In a group of 15 marasmic infants, the activity of the liver enzyme "succinic dehydrogenase" (SDH) was studied. This was compared with the activity of that enzyme in the livers of 10 normal infants, taken as controls. Histologic changes were found in only one third of the marasmic cases studied while abnormal liver functions were noted in two thirds of them and diminished SDH activity in all of them. The presence of diminished activity of SDH in 100% of the cases may explain the discrepancy between the occurrence of histologic hepatic changes in about 33% only and the occurrence of disturbed liver functions in about 66% of the cases. PMID- 828892 TI - Effect of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on spermatogenesis in rat testis. AB - In this work 60 male albino rats were subjected to a feeding experiment aimed to study the influence of protein free and reduced diets on normal function of rat testes. It was shown that the PEM exerts adverse effects on testicular function, the nature and severity of these effects depend on the duration of the deficiency state. Histological examination of rat testis, revealed that the spermatogenesis is arrested at spermatogonium stage in rats fed on protein free diet, and at primary and secondary spermatocyte stage in rats fed on normal but reduced diet. PMID- 828893 TI - What drug price ads must tell. PMID- 828894 TI - Informing patients on prescription drugs. PMID- 828895 TI - [Serum levels of C3 and C4 in adults with acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 828896 TI - [Listeria meningitis in children]. PMID- 828897 TI - [Uroproteins in lymphoproliferative diseases]. AB - Uroproteins were studied in 86 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia, 28 of chronic lymphoreticulosis and 24 of Hodgkin disease, using polyacrylamide gel disk-electrophoresis. Proteinuria was found in 63 to 79% of the patients in all three groups. The amount of protein rarely exceeded 0.1g/litre. Disproteinuria was observed in the majority of patients. Urinary components which were present in 36% of cases with chronic lympholeucosis and in 25% of them with chronic lymphoreticulosis were identified as immunoglobulin light chains; the kappa type predominated. Of the 24 cases of Hodgkin disease, urinary M components were found in two patients only. PMID- 828899 TI - Remarks about development of the left-sided system of azygos veins in primates. PMID- 828898 TI - [Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by a single injection method]. PMID- 828900 TI - Purification & properties of isozymes of glutamate dehydrogenase form Bacillus cereus T. PMID- 828902 TI - Schei's syndrome: report in two siblings. PMID- 828901 TI - Effect of 9-arylpurines, 9-aryl-8-azapurines & related 5-phenylazopyrimidines on the growth of Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 828903 TI - The depression and the AMA. PMID- 828904 TI - Metabolic control of diabetes and vascular disease. PMID- 828905 TI - Serum prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone during different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy women. PMID- 828906 TI - Microplicae: characteristic ridge-like folds of the plasmalemma. AB - Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the free surfaces of stratified squamous epithelial cells lining the alimentary tract, cornea, and conjunctiva exhibit characteristic ridge-like folds of plasmalemma. These microplicae are approximately 0.1-0.2 micronm in width, of variable height (0.2-0.8 micronm) and length, may followstraight or winding paths, often branch, and exhibit a wide variety of patterns over the surfaces of cells. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that microplicae often have a fine (100-150 A) electron-dense zone subjacent to their plasmalemma and an intracellular matrix characterized by a disorderly arrary of fine filaments (40-60 A in diameter). Microplicae appear to arise from plasmalemmal fold which once provided for intercellular interdigitation and desmosome abhesion between adjacent cells. Ruthenium red staining demonstrates that microplicae and interplical grooves are covered with a polyanionic glycocalyx. Although free surface microplicae may merely represent the renmants of intercellular interdigitations or a modified expression of microvillous-like extensions, it is also possible that they serve another specific function. In this regard it is speculated that microplical and interplical grooves may function to hold a layer of lubricating and cushioning mucin designed to protect the underlying plasmalemma from abrasive abuse. PMID- 828907 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro chemically transformed mouse embryo cells. AB - A cloned nontumorigenic control cell line of C3H mouse embryo cells (C3H/1OT1/2CL8) and two cell lines derived from it by treatment in vitro with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Confluent control cells were polygonal in shape and extensively flattened with smooth surfaces. Both in vitro transformants were pleomorphic to fusiform in shape, thicker than the control cells, and lacked contact inhibition. Microvilli of variable length and small marginal ruffles were characteristic surface alterations of the MCA-transformed cells, while blebs and numerous cytoplasmic strands extending between cells were typical of the DMBA transformant. Inoculation of the DMBA-transformed cells into C3H mice and re establishment of cells from one of the subsequent fibrosarcomas in culture revealed an increased number of microvilli on the surface of the cells and an alteration in growth pattern. Other surface characteristics remained the same. A possible relationship between surface topography and outer membrane glycolipids is discussed. PMID- 828919 TI - [White diarrhea]. PMID- 828920 TI - [Frequencies of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in Kyushu]. PMID- 828918 TI - A comparative study of bacteriologically proved and clinically diagnosed (culture negative) cases of diphtheria. PMID- 828921 TI - The epidemiology of Sarcocystis muris in rodents from Egypt. PMID- 828922 TI - [Dysplasia, malformations and embryogenesis]. PMID- 828923 TI - [Corneal-conjunctival choristomas]. PMID- 828924 TI - [Ocular anomalies and syndrome 4p-]. PMID- 828925 TI - [The diminished forms of ectroprosopia: case report with unilateral proboscis]. PMID- 828926 TI - [Francois' syndrome: 5 cases]. PMID- 828927 TI - A third-party payor's view of partial hospitalization. PMID- 828928 TI - Utility of bottle phantom in calibration of whole body counting systems. PMID- 828929 TI - Ultrastructure of testes and excurrent ducts in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). AB - The testes and excurrent ducts of four bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The three layers of contractile and connective tissue composing the tunica albuginea, and the multilayered tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules were similar to that of man. Spermatids project from the epithelium or are found free in the lumen. The stages of the cycle of the germinal epithelium in the bonnet macaque were similar to that in other macaques. The epithelium of the rete testis consisted of thin brush-bordered cells, whereas the epithelium of the efferent ducts consisted of tall, prismatic or cylindrical cells lined by kinocillia or short stereocilia and basal cells. The height of the epididymal epithelium and lumen diameter was maximal in the caput region and minimal at the cauda. Spermatozoa were found among clusters of stereocilia. The epithelium of the vas deferens showed gradual transition from the stereocilia covering typical of the epididymis to that of a shorter, apical microvilli covering. PMID- 828930 TI - Effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on body fluid compartments in conscious rhesus monkeys. AB - Techniques for measuring changes in body fluid compartments after SEB injection i.v. in conscious rhesus monkeys are described and compared with base line values measured by identical techniques in normal monkeys. Although few changes were observed in body fluid volumes 3 h after i.v. staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB; 1 mg/kg), the F cell ratio and all fluid compartments except for RBC volume were decreased significantly by 5 h after i.v. SEB administration. Rapid intracellular dehydration and decreases in plasma and blood volumes appear to play a role in the development of circulatory shock during enterotoxemia in monkeys. PMID- 828931 TI - Mesocestoides in the baboon and its development in laboratory animals. AB - Tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp. were recovered from three wild-captured African baboons. Active larvae were administered orally to laboratory-reared dogs, cats, rats and mice. Development in canine hosts was rapid and a high percentage of mature intact worms was recovered as early as 14 days post exposure. The few worms recovered from the feline hosts were stunted and fragmented. No adult worm development occurred in the rats or mice. No significant clinical or pathological manifestations were exhibited in the primate or experimental laboratory hosts. PMID- 828933 TI - Primate animals for biomedical research evaluation by the British Medical Research Council Laboratory Animal Centre. A critical review. PMID- 828932 TI - Cardiovascular and vomiting responses to a lethal intravenous dose of staphyloenterotoxin A in rhesus monkeys. AB - Effects of a single intravenous dose of highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA; 0.5 mg/kg) were studied in conscious rhesus monkeys. The mean survival time for four of five experimental monkeys was 8.7 h. Vomiting, pallor, abdominal distension, occasional diarrhea and dehydration were observed. Tachycardia and sustained hypotension developed prior to death. During vomiting, transient hypertension was induced. PMID- 828934 TI - Sex, love, and commitment. AB - When a couple become erotically pair-bonded, whether for a night or a lifetime, they are by definition committed to each other erotically. That is the minimum. The degree varies. The commitment may be limited to the proceptive phase of solicitation or courtship, or it may include the acceptive phase of coitus, or it may extend to the conceptive phase of parenthood. People "fall in love with their fantasy" and project onto the partner a range of future commitments. If the partner fails to reciprocate, the pair-bond weakens and the partnership either dissolves or becomes eligible for marital counseling or sex therapy. PMID- 828935 TI - Damped pendular rotation nystagmus after unilateral labyrinthectomy or unilateral lateral semicircular canal block in squirrel monkeys. AB - Using a damped pendular rotation table, which provided an oscillation of 15.5 sec, per-rotatory nystagmus, was evaluated in six squirrel monkeys that underwent unilateral labyrinthectomy and five that underwent unilateral lateral semicircular canal block, both pre- and postoperatively. The bidirectional summation of the nystagmic slow-phase eye speed after unilateral labyrinthectomy and after unilateral lateral semicircular canal block showed similar reduction to about 60 per cent of the values obtained in the pre-operative status. Under the present test situation, both slow-phase eye speed and number of nystagmic beats in the monkeys after unilateral lateral semicircular canal block were larger by the ampullopetal stimulation than those evoked by ampullofugal stimulation. The relation between slow-phase eye speed and number of beats showed similar tendency when we compared pre-operative controls and the group after unilateral lateral semicircular canal block, but the monkeys after unilateral labyrinthectomy depicted different tendencies. PMID- 828936 TI - Immunosuppressive drugs in glomerular diseases. PMID- 828938 TI - A study of ketoprofen (Orudis) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. AB - Ketoprofen (Orudis) in doses of 100-200 mg daily was given to 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 14 patients with osteoarthritis. Relief of pain and reduction of inflammation was 50% or more when the drug was given in appropriate doses. The degree of response in degenerative joint disease was better than that in the inflammatory arthritis. Gastrointestinal tolerance of the drug was good and only minor side effects were observed in less than 25% of the patients. The drug was discontinued in only one patient because of side effects. PMID- 828937 TI - Tetanus and the need for an improved treatment. AB - A retrospective study of 98 patients with tetanus treatment in Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital, Gujrat, over a period of three years (1973-75) is presented. The results of treatment are discussed. The mortality rate of 47% for the series is high as compared to the results obtained in advanced countries. A need for specialized centres and a well organized programme for the prophylaxis of tetanus in the whole country is emphasised. PMID- 828939 TI - Resolution of pathological identification between mother and son following rhinoplasty. AB - The case here described shows that severe psychological disturbance can be caused by identification between mother and son, resulting in preoccupation with a part of the body, which in the opinion of those outside the relationship, shows no gross abnormality. Similar delusional beliefs to those held by the mother were induced in the son, when he reached the age at which these beliefs occurred in the mother, in whom they were incompletely resolved. Plastic surgery, in the absence of gross deformity, brought relief of the distress caused by this type of psychopathology. Relief occurred in the conflicts of both mother and son, even though operation was on the latter, only. PMID- 828940 TI - A study of the nutritional status of a peri-urban community. PMID- 828941 TI - The nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy. PMID- 828942 TI - Hypertension among shopkeepers and clerks. AB - Blood pressure levels among 322 shopkeepers and clerks, aged 14-90, were assessed by measurement during the interviews. An individual was classified as being hypertensive if his systolic pressure was at or above 160 and/or the diastolic pressure was at or above 95 mm.Hg. Seventy-six persons or 23.6% of the sample population was hypertensive. Among the 76 hypertensives, the number of clerks and shopkeepers was 48 and 28, respectively. Hypertension was mildly correlated with the weight, but not significantly correlated with other variables such as smoking, height, diet, sex and age. PMID- 828943 TI - Plasma cortisol level is an index for functional state of adrenal cortex during pregnancy. AB - Measurement of plasma cortisol is necessary in assessing the functional state of the adrenal cortex and the availability of other active steroids to the tissues during pregnancy. Coupled with clinical endocrine tests, these determinations can give the physician a good indication of the type of disorder present e.g. Addison's diseases, panhypopituitarism and adrenal hyperfunction. The method used for estimation of venous plasma cortisol when adequately controlled, is very sensitive and accurate. PMID- 828944 TI - Gastrointestinal carcinomatosis in Azerbaijan (Iran). PMID- 828945 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins on water and sodium transport across the urinary bladder]. PMID- 828946 TI - [Use of partial ileal shunting in hypercholesteremia and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 828947 TI - Studies on the development of a live attenuated mumps virus vaccine. I. Attenuation of the Hoshino "wild" strain of mumps virus. PMID- 828948 TI - [The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on exercise-induced airways obstruction in asthmatic school children (author's transl)]. PMID- 828949 TI - [Radiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 828950 TI - [Use of Y90 in experimental and clinical oncology]. PMID- 828951 TI - [Vaccinal strain of Brucella abortus 19-BA in ticks (Argasidae) infected by feeding]. PMID- 828952 TI - [Significance and possibility of electroencephalographic definition of epileptic drop attacks and atonic absences]. PMID- 828953 TI - [Possibility of prognostic evaluation on development of epilepsy after closed head injuries (diagnostic and prognostic significance of EEG)]. PMID- 828954 TI - [Clinical picture of psychomotor attacks with regard to the site and type of cerebral lesion]. PMID- 828956 TI - [Optimization of planning of experimental industrial works]. PMID- 828957 TI - [Economic effectiveness of the mounting-assembly works]. PMID- 828958 TI - [Certain clinical characteristics of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 828959 TI - Fuel metabolism in the infant of the diabetic mother: attenuated mobilization of alternate fuels. PMID- 828960 TI - Heterogeneity of concanavalin A receptors on Ehrlich tumor cells. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoproteins have been purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by precipitation of cell extracts with Con A in agarose gels and by lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS) extraction. Antisera prepared against these two glycoprotein fractions indicate the presence of a minimum of five different antigens in the Con A-cell extract precipitate and a minimum of three different antigens in the LIS-extracted preparation. That both kinds of antisera are directed towards surface membrane antigens is strongly suggested by the fact that they give precipitin bands with purified plasma membrane from Ehrlich cells, they agglutinate whole cells, and they no longer give precipitin bands after absorption by whole cells. Cell extract material which was specifically eluted from a Con A-Sepharose 4B column with alpha-methylmannoside was recognized by antisera to both glycoprotein preparation, demonstrating that the antigens were Con A-binding components; material which did not bind the column failed to react with either antisera. Immunochemical analysis indicated that one of the antigens present in the LIS-extracted material was distinct from the five antigens prepared by lectin precipitation in agarose gels suggesting that a minimum of six individual Con A receptors are present on the surface of Ehrlich tumor cells. Immunochromatography was found to be a convenient method to purify the antigens obtained by the LIS extraction of Ehrlich cells. PMID- 828961 TI - [Correlation between serum values of copper, ceruloplasmin, SMAO, SDAO, in health subjects, in pregnant women and in some pathological conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Copper directly reactive with diethylditiocarbamate, ceruloplasmin, monoamine oxidase (SMAO) and diamine oxidase of the serum (SDAO) were studied in healthy subjects, in nine months pregnant women and in some pathological conditions. Increased values of copper were found in pregnancy. Ceruloplasminaemia was increased in hyperthyroidism, congestive hearth failure, Hodgkin's disease, and in pregnancy. Ceroluplasminaemia was strongly reduced in Wilson's disease. SMAO was increased during pregnancy. Statistical analysis showed no correlations between the variations of the data in different pathological conditions. In healthy subjects and in pregnant women, correlation was found between the values of ceruloplasmin obtained using both enzymatic and KCN methods. Statistical analysis of regression lines obtained in both groups of patients showed significative differences between slopes and elevations. It is possible that ceruloplasmin in pregnant women has different composition compared with healthy controls. PMID- 828962 TI - [Comparative study on various techniques for the identification of Australia antigen (author's transl)]. AB - The main, recently proposed, techniques for the identification of Australia antigen are reported (immuno-diffusion, complement fixation, latex agglutination, counterelectrophoresis, radioimmunological assay, inverse haemoagglutination). Following personal observations, the AA. indicate the more suitable methods in various practical circumstances. PMID- 828963 TI - [Immunoglobulins and antibody titre in amniotic fluid of Rh-isoimmunized pregnant women (author's transl)]. AB - On 90 samples of amniotic fluid coming from 54 cases of Rh-isoimmunization submitted to amniocentesis one or more times, the following tests were done: 1.) Coombs indirect test; 2) immunoelectrophoresis; 3) quantitative determination of immunoglobulins. The results were related to the degree of immunization as determined by Coombs indirect test on the mothers' serum and spectrophotometric curve of the amniotic fluid. For reasons of comparison, quantitative determination of immunoglobulins were performed on samples of amniotic fluid from 39 pregnant non-immunized patients. It was found that there was a direct relationship between antibody titers in the mothers' serum and those in the amniotic fluid, with the latter values always being inferior. Moreover, it was found that the level of IgG in the amniotic fluid and the degree of maternal immunization were proportional, with higher titers in the more severe cases. In addition to the routine tests, the determination of anti-Rh antibodies and titers of IgG in amniotic fluid can be useful in further evaluating degree of immunization in Rh-incompatibility. Furthermore, small quantities of IgA were found in amniotic fluid: these IgA were probably of secretory type (SIgA) and of amniotic origin, and therefore independent of any active immunization. Finally, all determinations of IgM were negative. PMID- 828964 TI - [On the chloranilic acid reaction (RAC) proposed by Closs (author's transl)]. AB - On the serum of 3790 patients (2131 women and 1659 male), aged from 3 days to 84 years, the RAC has been performed at the same time with the Mc Lagan's Kunkel's and Takata's reactions. The test of sulfobromophthalein's excretion has been performed in 246 of these patients. Between RAC and T.D., disagreement has been observed in 111 cases (- 2,9%). RAC positive and T.D. negative occurred in 68 cases; T.D. positive and RAC negative in the other 43. Repetition of the RAC on 100 sera (after complement inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30 min; after permanence at 4 degrees C for 7 days; after congealment at -18 degrees C) has always given the same results obtained on fresh sera. The complement, therefore, has no way influence on the RAC. The study of disagreeing cases has shown the RAC become positive for: 1) an apperance in serum of abnormal lipoproteins (chloestasis, cholangitis, some dislipemias), 2) a rise in gamma-M (biliary cirrhosis, macroglobulinaemia, lymphatic chronic leukema); 3) 1 and 2. It is always necessary to perform T.D. and RAC on the same serum, because these two test express different modification of the serum-proteins picture. Their agreement, or their disagreement, is very important in every single case, particularly in the diagnostic of jaundice and of bilary ducts pathology. PMID- 828965 TI - [Effect of DNA on the viability of irradiated tumor and normal cells in vitro]. PMID- 828966 TI - [Effect of single and fractionated radiation exposure on longevity of the offspring of irradiated and non-irradiated male drosophilas]. PMID- 828967 TI - The occurrence of free vs. conjugated MHPG in non-human and human primate brain. AB - It has been found that in the brain of the non-human primate (Macaca arctoides) MHPG occurs principally if not exclusively in the free rather than the conjugated form. It has also been found that in all areas of human brain examined MHPG is present in the free form rather than the conjugated form. The quantity of free MHPG present in various structures of human brain ranged from 46.4 to 69.8 microng/gm of tissue. PMID- 828968 TI - [Histological aspects of the cardia and their relation to cardiomyotomies of megaesophagus]. PMID- 828969 TI - [Recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases]. PMID- 828970 TI - Comparison of two methods for detecting antibiotic residues in slaughter animals. AB - A comparison was made of the sensitivity of two methods in current use for the detection of antibiotic residues in slaughter animals. Calves previously given therapeutic injections of an antibiotic were used and a variety of samples were tested. PMID- 828971 TI - The immunoglobulin hinge (interdomain) region. AB - The hinge region is a flexible amino acid stretch in the central part of the heavy chains of the IgG and IgA immunoglobulin classes, which links these 2 chains by disulfide bonds. It is rich in cysteine and proline amino acids, extremely variable in amino acid sequence, and has no resemblance to any other immunoglobulin region. The hinges in these 2 classes are compared and contrasted. Such a distinct molecular structure does not exist around the inter-heavy disulfide bonds of the other Ig classes, but a portion of the IgM heavy chain has similar properties to the gamma hinge. This similarity suggests one hypothesis for the genetic origin of the hinge region; data supporting 2 other hypotheses are also presented. PMID- 828972 TI - [Infarclinical discharges of focal epileptic morphology in children with alterations of symbolia]. PMID- 828973 TI - [Age-conditioned changes in amino acid acylation in Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 828974 TI - Progress in diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: a review. PMID- 828975 TI - Hypersensitivity, tolerance and immunopathology in schistosomiasis: some current concepts and speculations. PMID- 828976 TI - Some human "carbohydrate-rich" serum proteins in protein-energy malnutrition. AB - The human serum proteins with a carbohydrate portion of more than 10 per cent in the molecule, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, alpha1B glycoprotein and alpha2HS-glycoprotein were studied in thirteen cases of protein energy malnutrition. The "acute phase reactant" proteins alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alpha1-antichymotrypsin were found to be increased above the controls, whereas the other "glycoproteins" either decreased or did not change significantly. Also albumin, prealbumin and transferrin were found to be low in the cases of protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 828977 TI - Third case of Sarcocystis from man in Malaysia. PMID- 828978 TI - Prevalence of hematozoa in some anurans from the Malayan Peninsula. PMID- 828979 TI - Studies on djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism) in experimental animals. AB - Djenkolic acid was extracted from djenkol beans with 70% ethanol and water and was quantitatively determined by paper chromatography. Djenkol beans contained 0.3-1.3 gm% djenkolic acid and about 93% of this acid occurred in the free state. The toxicity of djenkol beans was studied in 5 rhesus monkeys, 9 albino rats and 22 mice fed with 70% ethanol extracts. The total urinary output decreased. There was an increase in specific gravity of the urine during the period of feeding monkeys with djenkol beans. Urinary samples of the experimental animals were turbid and contained some red cells, white cells, epithelial cells, albumin and amorphous particles. One of 22 mice excreted sharp needle-shaped crystals in the urine on day 3 after feeding. Histological examination of kidneys of rats and mice showed mild to severe acute tubular necrosis with some glomerular cell necrosis. PMID- 828980 TI - Chronic industrial exposure to lead in 63 subjects. II. Evaluation of chelation therapy. AB - Efficacy of chelation therapy with intravenous calcium disodium edetate, oral Ca EDTA, and oral penicillamine was tested in 63 subjects with chronic minimal industrial exposure to lead. All three agents increased the urinary lead excretion. The effect was greatest with intravenous Ca EDTA, next with oral penicillamine and least with oral Ca EDTA. Symptoms, particularly colicky abdominal pain, improved during the period of chelation therapy. Anaemic subjects showed improvements in haematological parameters. It is recommended that subjects with chronic minimal industrial exposure to lead receive chelation therapy. The relative merits of the three agents are discussed. PMID- 828981 TI - [Life cycle of cells in a primary culture of Macaca mulatta monkey kidney]. PMID- 828982 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation in patients with advanced neoplastic disease (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of patients suffering from advanced neoplastic disease were fed parenterally for a period ranging from 1 to 16 weeks. The parameters considered were: weight change, serum albumin level, lymphocyte transformation test and serum immunoglobulin level. There were 23 patients in one group and 21 patients in the other. Regimens included for group I: saline solution (1000-1500 ml), glucose (100-150 g) and amino acids (15-30 g) per day; for group 2: 40-50 Cal/kg per day (dextrose about 15 g/kg per day), about 2 g of amino acids/kg/day and about 40-50 ml water/kg/day. In addition, 13 patients underwent both treatments sequentially. All the Group I patients lost weight (1.3 kg/week); while out of 23 patients in Group 2, 15 gained weight, 2 remained unchanged and 6 continued to lose weight, but to a lesser rate than before hyperalimentation (the average weight gain was 1.1 kg/week). Serum albumin levels decreased in 19 out of 25 patients in Group I and increased in 14 out of 26 patients of Group 2. Initial values of the lymphocyte blast transformation test were very low in both groups of patients, and an increase was observed only in patients treated by hyperalimentation. The increase was more evident in patients who were not under antiblastic treatment. Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels were not significant. The authors conclude that malnutrition plays a very important role in neoplastic cachexia and can be improved by parenteral hyperalimentation. Although it is possible that in the near future hyperalimentation and conventional neoplastic therapies will play complementary roles in treatment of advanced neoplastic disease, malnutrition is still the specific indication for intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 828983 TI - [Analysis of cromolyn sodium in rabbit blood]. PMID- 828984 TI - [Development of a new method for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza]. PMID- 828985 TI - [The course of viral gastroenteritis of swine in Czechoslovakia during the period of 1971 to 1973 and its economic consequences]. AB - Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (TGE) was studied in detail for three years; over-all survey on epizootologic and commercial properties of this disease was thus obtained. Occurrence of TGE, its seasonal character, indices of morbidity, mortality and lethality were evaluated statistically. The morbidity rate dropped in 1973 from 68% to 41% in comparison with the year 1972, as well as the mortality rate decreased -- from 23% to 6% and as to the lethality rate -- from 34% to 14%. In the year 1972 (1973) 437.50 (275.21) animals were infected on an average per one focus of the disease, 146.88 (37.71) animals died among infected pigs and 13.84 (5.86) pigs were compulsorily slaughtered. Commercial losses amounted to 82 482 Kc per one vaccinated focus in 1972, and to 60 213 Kc per one non-vaccinated focus (irrespective of the costs of vaccination -- 70 755 Kc). In 1973 commercial losses were 7650 Kc on an average in vaccinated focuses, 41 000 Kc in non-vaccinated focuses (regardless of the costs of vaccination -- 14 797 Kc). Commercial effectiveness reflects in fewer natural focuses of the disease and in lower morbidity; the savings are 4.30 Kc per 1 Kc of investment costs. PMID- 828986 TI - [The effect of furazolidone or carbadox in the starter mixture for early-weaned piglets]. AB - For a period of 14 days, piglets from six litters, weaned between the 25th and 28th day of age, were fed the COS 2 starter containing either a premix with furazolidone or carboadox of Czechoslovak origin. Bentonite hydrosilicate was used as a carrier in both cases. Furazolidone administered in the dose of 200 mg per 1 kg of feed prevented diarrhoea, insignificantly increased body weight gain, and decreased the consumption of feed per 1 kg of gain from 5.6 kg in the control to 4.0 kg in the test animals. Carbadox administered in the dose of 50 mg per 1 kg of feed suppressed the signs of enteritis in comparison with the control piglets, significantly increased body weight gains, and reduced feed consumption to 1.9 kg per 1 kg of gain. No differences were recorded in the concentration of blood glucose, total protein, and total cholesterol in plasma. The control piglets showed increased parameters of the adrenocortical function. The proportion (percentage) of haemolytic E. coli in rectum was affected neither by carbadox nor by furazolidone; furazolidone suppressed the occurrence of lactoso negative strains. An insignificant drop of the number of haemolytic E. coki in the duodenum and jejunum of the furazolidone-and carbadox-treated piglets was observed after 14 days. With their clinical effects, the two substances tested manifest themselves as suitable for the reduction of losses in weaned piglets. PMID- 828987 TI - [The quality of meat and lard of pigs fed waste fat derived from perchlorethylene extraction]. AB - Throughout the fattening period, six pigs of the Landrace breed were fed waste fat from perchlorethylene extraction added to the feed ration at a 5-per-cent rate. The waste fat from the rendering plant contained 0.45% residual perchlorethylene. Two groups, each containing six animals of the same breed, one group being fed a ration without any fat supplement and the other being fed a ration containing 5% of its volume as rendering-plant fat obtained by pressing, were examined at the same time during the trial. The basic composition of meat was not affected by the feeding of waste fat from rendering plants. The lard of pigs fed a supplement of rendering-plant fat with perchlorethylene oxidated somewhat more quickly during storage than the lard of control pigs. The sensory quality of meat stock, boiled and roast meat, lard, and scraps was not affected by the feeding of rendering-plant fat; the taste and flavour of the products were normal. No residues of perchlorethylene were detected either organoleptically or instrumentally in the meat and lard of pigs. PMID- 828988 TI - [Concentration of testosterone in the blood of sexually immature boars after stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin]. AB - Levels of testosterone concentration in blood increased significantly in sexually immature boars after application of chorionic gonadotropin. Existence of considerable function reserve and readines of the incretion component of gonads were proved in sexually immature boars. The paper discusses a possibility of utilizing this phenonmenon in diagnostics of disorders of the incretion testicular function in individuals of the animal species under study in their pre puberal age. PMID- 828989 TI - [Distribution of surface electric potentials in the horse heart]. AB - Surface electric potentials of the heart of four horses were measured by use of unipolar leak with the so called central Wilson's clip; the measurements were performed on 95 precisely fixed places of the equine body. Potentials found out in this way were re-measured with bipolar leaks: the negative electrode was fixed in the place of the highest negative potentials, the positive electrode was gradually attached to places with the highest values of positive potentials. The largest potential differences when the negative electrode was placed in the region of the heart were obtained from the region of the withers, spinal and scapular regions, from forehead and nose. On the basis of these potential differences the most suitable places for uni-leak bipolar electrocardiography and radiotelemetric registration of EKG were selected. Bipolar leak -- apex of the heart -- withers -- appears most suitable; it provides the best potential and time reproducibility of EKG. The results have been processed statistically and arranged graphically. PMID- 828990 TI - [Single-lead bipolar electrocardiography in the diagnosis of heart diseases]. AB - Sixty seven thoroughbred race horse of various age categories were examined electrocardiographically by bipolar leak-apex of the heart -- withers; length of training corresponded to the age categories. Basic time and voltage criteria of EKG were statistically evaluated according to electrocardiographic curves: TF = 35.1 = %/- 6.82 pulses per min., time P = 0.16 +/- 0.03 sec., PQ = 0.03 +/- 0.04 sec., QRS = 0.12 +/- +/- 0.01 sec., TQc = 0.50 sec., R = 2.83 +/- 0.63 mV, Q = 0.38 +/- 0.31 mV. Repolarization phase of the chamber complex, mainly the T wave, is the most variable component of the whole EKG. In the set under study AV block I was found in 14.93%, AV block II in 2.98%, sinoauricular block II in 1.49% and auricular fibrillation in 1.49%. In the paper the basic EKG values and occurrence of arrhythmia in relation to the rate of the training of horses are discussed. PMID- 828991 TI - [Infective situation in a cow barn contaminated with Klebsiella mastitis]. AB - The infection situation in a four-row cow-house for 153 animals with a frequent occurrence of Klebsiella mastitis was subject to a detailed analysis. The following results were obtained after two collections of blood and udder-quarter milk samples examined by the test-tube agglutination, gel precipitation, and bacteriological diagnosis methods: 1. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from milk samples 28 and 31 times, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 and 19 times, Staphylococcus arueus 16 and 19 times, Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 and 6 times, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus once and 4 times, Enterobacter aerogenes twice and three times, and Escherichia coli twice. The authors failed to determine the causative agent in 26--38 cows (20--30%) with a pathologically changed secretion. 2. Double test-tube agglutination performed in a 30-day interval revealed suspected Klebsiella antibodies having a titre of 80 + + and higher in 13 dairy cows (12%); However, the suspicion was disproved by the negative results of gel precipitation. 3. The final deduction concerning the exogenic character of Klebsiella mastitis should encourage efforts for good housing, due nutrition, efficacious disinfection, and hygienic milk production. PMID- 828992 TI - [Control of disinfection with formaldehyde]. AB - The reliability of a simple method of formaldehyde disinfection control, based on the colour intensity of End's agar or sulphite agar, was tested in a sealed fume chamber 1.2 cubic metres in size at a constant air temperature (21 degrees C) and at a 40-per-cent or 95-per-cent humidity. The effect of formaldehyde concentration and air humidity was examined, as exerted on bactericidal effectiveness and on the colour intensity of the mentioned media. Air humidity proved to be highly important: together with formaldehyde concentration and exposure time, air humidity is the decisive factor underlying the final effect of disinfection if due temperature is maintained. The intensity of the colouring of End's agar or sulphite agar was found to depend mainly on concentration and slightly on air humidity. Hence it is recommended that this simple control should be used only for the testing of a good sealing of the disinfected space underlying the effect of the active concentration of formaldehyde for the necessary exposure time. End's agar, produced by the Imuna National Corporation, Sarisske Michal'any, gave better results. It is considered necessary for an estimation of formaldehyde disinfection effectiveness to record, at the same time, the humidity and temperature of the air in the disinfected space. In our trials at a 95-per-cent humidity level, E. coli was totally devitalized on carriers disinfected with formaldehyde developed from 25 ml formaline and St. aureus with formaldehyde developed from more than 50 ml formaline per 1 cubic metre of space. When the air humidity level was 40% the total devitalization of the mentioned bacterial strains was not achieved even with formaldehyde concentration developed from 75 ml formaline per 1 cubic metre of space. PMID- 828993 TI - [The level of beta carotene and vitamin A in blood plasma of calves during the 1st four-month postnatal period]. AB - Calves of the Bohemian Spotted breed were studied for the levels of vitamin A and beta-carotene in blood plasma. The total number of calves (204) was divided into 17 age categories differentiated by a one-week interval. Until the average age of 13.48 days the calves were fed by sucking their mothers' colostrum and milk. After weaning and transfer to the calf-house the animals were reared on a milk feed mixture for calf rearing (Laktosan). Other feed ration components were gradually included in the diet: hay, the TG mixture supplement, root crops, and green forage. The study was performed during the period from June to October. Throughout the experimental period, the levels of vitamin A remained above the values mentioned in literature as levels connected with the manifestations of hypovitaminosis. The minimum average vitamin A level was 15.49 microng per 100 ml and the maximum average level 32.36 microng per 100 ml of blood plasma. The level of beta-carotene in plasma was high in the first two post-natal weeks (maximum 246.12 microng per 100 ml). In the subsequent period it dropped to extremely low values (lower than 10 mg per 100 ml). Only when green forage was included in the feed ration, the level of beta-carotene increased significantly. The content of vitamin A in the calf-rearing milk feed mixture guarantees its sufficient level in the blood of healthy calves. Colostrum and milk as important beta-carotene sources, are replaced in this function by green forage in the later period of calf development. PMID- 828995 TI - [Virulence of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in pigs during experimental and spontaneous infection]. AB - The virulence of M. avium and M. intracellulare was studied in 16 experimentally infected pigs and on 174 animals coming from herds spontaneously infected with the mentioned Mycobacterium species. The result of the patho-anatomic examination and cultivation from samples of lymph nodes, organs, muscles, and excrements proved a higher virulence of M. avium to experimentally and spontaneously infected pigs, as compared with M. intracellulare. The strains of M. avium and M. intracellulare sensibilized all pigs to aviary tuberculin within 80 days from peroral and intranasal infection. Patho-anatomic changes in pigs spontaneously infected with M. avium were proved in 10% of the animals that showed a negative reaction to aviary tuberculin. PMID- 828994 TI - [The development of transaminase activity (SGOT and SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood plasma of calves up to the age of 4 months]. AB - A trial was performed in 204 healthy calves (heifers) of the Bohemian Spotted breed in the post-natal period from birth to the age of four months. The activities of the following enzymes in blood plasma were determined: L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate: aminotransferase, EC.2.6.1.1. (GOT), L-alanine: oxoglutarate: aminotransferase, EC.2.6.1.2. (GPT), L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC.1.1.1.27 (LDH), and orthophosphoric acid monoester phosphohydrolase, EC.3.1.3.1. (alkaline phosphatase). The calves were divided into age categories according to the date of birth with an interval of one week. GOT activity in blood plasma increased significantly until the age of eight weeks (from the original value of 1.1708 +/- 0.2598 micronmol ml-1 to 1.8150 +/- 0.6362 micronmol ml-1, with the maximum of 2.0317 +/- 0.7777 micronmol ml-1 of plasma in the sixth week). In the subsequent period the GOT curve has not a characteristic course. While the activity of GOT increased in the first weeks after birth, the activity of GPT showed a significant drop (from the original level of 0.9000 +/- 0.3364 micronmol ml-1 to the minimum of 0.3675 +/- 0.1901 micronmol ml-1 of plasma in the seventh week); from the 10th week on the values rise so that at the end of the period of study they reach almost the same levels as in calves in the first postnatal week. The activity of LDH in blood plasma remains at almost the same level in the first five weeks after birth (between 43.4025 +/- 8.4893 micronmol ml-1 and 46.3792 +/- 14.8952 micronmol ml-1 of plasma); it was at a statistically significantly higher level only in a short period between the 7th and 10th week after birth. The highest values of alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma were recorded at the age of two or three weeks (maximum in the second week 23.9833 +/- 9.0945 micronmol ml 1 of plasma); from the fourth week on, the values of alkaline phosphatase are significantly lower until the end of the test period, ranging betweek 5.3133 +/- 1.6017 micronmol ml-1 and 7.5425 +/- 2.2437 micronmol ml-1 of plasma. Changes conditioned by postnatal development were observed in the development of all the enzymatic activities under study, the greatest changes being observed in alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 828996 TI - [The effect of dehelminthizations performed during the year on the seasonal dynamics of natural nematode infections in sheep]. AB - In four sheep flocks of two age categories dynamics of natural infections by pulmonary and gastrointestinal nematodes was studied; sheep were kept on a farm in Western Bohemia. Dehelminthizations were performed in different intervals during the grazing period on the basis of the results of quantitative coprologic examinations. Total effectiveness of 80--100% intenseffectiveness (IE) was obtained as a result of single peroral or intraruminal dehelminthization with the following preparations: pyrantel hydrochloricum (Spofa), helmatac (SKF) and nilverm (ICI); the effectiveness concerned gastrointestinal nematodes of the genus Haemonchus, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Chabertia, Nematodirus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum and Trichocephalus. The effectiveness of nilverm on lungworms of D. filaria and P. kochi reached 100%; the preparation was less effective and ineffective on M. capillaris. Dehelminthization practices during three years were more successful as to lowering of incidence of lungworm infections of D. filaria and P. kochi than in gastrointestinal nematodes. If sping dehelminthizations had been postponed till the second half of May or June, the climax of the elimination of ova from summer re-infection was put off till November, with an initial significant increase in September. The third dehelminthization, applied in August, did not result in the increased elimination of ova in autumn, while there was no usual autumnal climax following September dehelminthization. Effective dehelminthization performed at the end of November in all three years maintained low levels of infections during winter housing and significantly influenced the health conditions of ewes before lambing. Dynamics of the elimination of ova after dehelminthization was affected by nematodes with the migration phase in organs and tissues -- S. papillosus, Oesophagostomum sp. and Ostertagia sp.; the same effect was observed, during pasture, in nematodes with relatively short exogenous development of the genus Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus. In spite of these dehelminthization practices, the elimination of ova and larvae corresponded to the course of temperatures and rainfall in spring and autumn climaxes every year. PMID- 828997 TI - [Etiology of mastitidos in dairy cows in Slovakia during 1975]. AB - In 1975, in the veterinary institutes in Slovakia bacteriological examinations of 54824 samples of milk coming from 28737 dairy cows were performed. Bacterial germs responsible for the inflammation of the mammary gland were found in the milk of 18.91% of cows. These were: Streptococcus agalactiae (in 13.93% of cows), Staphylococcus aureus (2.86%), other streptococci (1.32%), E. coli (0.13%), Klebsiella sp. (0.13%), Corynebacterium pyogenes (0.15%), other bacterial germs (0.39%). Streptococci and staphylococci, taken together, represented 95.83% of all bacterial germs, Streptococcus agalactiae representing 73.72%. In comparison with the situation existing in 1974, a drop was found in the occurrence rate of the germs of Streptococcus agalactiae (by 2.94%) and Staphylococcus aureus (by 1.16%). PMID- 828998 TI - [Treatment of mastitis during the dry period of cows using the preparation Orbenin-dry cow]. AB - The paper describes the study of the extent to which the use of the Orbenin -- dry cow preparation (with cloxacillin as the active substance) was successful in the treatment of mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of the bacteriological examination of the udder-quarter samples of milk obtained from the tested cows immediately before getting dry and after the resumption of lactation. The preparation was applied in a single dose at the beginning of the dry period at the rate of 500 mg cloxacillin per 1 udder quarter. In the first herd 11 cows were treated with a positive finding (str. agalactiae, penicillin-resistant) in 26 quarters. In two control examinations the causative agent was always detected in one quarter (not in the same), i. e. in 3.8% of the initial number. In the second herd the causative agent (sensitive to penicillin) was found in 67 quarters before treatment (the total number of cows tested being 25); after treatment it was found in two cows in one quarter in each case (3.0% of the initial number). In an informative testing of effectiveness, the Orbenin L. A. preparation, designed for lactating cows, was applied repeatedly (3 times with 48-hour intervals) to six cows with subclinical streptococcal mastitis (Str. agalactiae, penicillin-resistant, detected in 11 quarters). After treatment the causative agent was found only in one quarter during the second examination. The therapeutic effect can be considered very good; the form of the drug and the method of its application allow for prompt and easy application. PMID- 828999 TI - [Cell-count changes in tank-samples of milk in the period from May to December 1975]. AB - In the period from May to December 1975, in the Central State Veterinary Institute in Bratislava 740 tank samples of milk were examined for the count of cells. Cells were counted electronically by means of the "Coulter Counter" apparatus. The results were evaluated according to the Pearson et al. key method (1971) as modified by Booth (1973). It was found that 36.8% of the samples showed values up to 500 000 cells per 1 ml of milk. The study of changes in the cell count in milk revealed that the percentage of samples up to 500 000 cells per 1 ml of milk gradually increased from May and that the highest values were obtained in November. On the other hand, the proportion of milk samples having more than 5000 000 cells per 1 ml gradually decreased in this period and the lowest values were obtained in November. PMID- 829000 TI - [Sensitivity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus strains to antibiotics in Slovia during 1975]. AB - The sensibility of 3100 Streptococcus agalactiae strains and 600 Staphylococcus aureus strains to antibiotics was examined in 1975 in the veterinary institute of the Slovak Socialist Republic by the plate diffusion test. The strains were collected from the dairy cow's milk samples. Of the Streptococcus agalactiae strains there were sensible 100% to ampicillin, 99.06% to chloramphenicol, 98.13% to erythromycin, 96.12% to oxytetracycline, 91.11% to bacitracin, 58.12% to penicillin, 23.92% to neomycin, 17.78% to streptomycin. Of the Staphylococcus aureus strains there were sensible 97.48% to erythromycin, 97.14% to chloramphenicol, 95.15% to ampicillin, 94.81% to bacitracin, 93.26% to oxytetracycline, 92.49% to neomycin, 85.37% to streptomycin and 46.02% to penicillin. The results are being more thoroughly analysed and compared in the dicussion. PMID- 829001 TI - [Iodine residues in milk following Iodonal disinfection in the primary production of milk]. AB - An isotopic indicator was used for the determination of the presence of iodine residues in milk after the post-milking dipping of teats in Iodonal A. The residues are below the permitted tolerance limit after the cleaning and disinfection of the milking equipment. As to teat dipping in Iodonal A, the residues are high after this treatment and the concentration of the chemical should be decreased from 33% to 20%. PMID- 829002 TI - [Treatment with antidotes in sheep perorally intoxicated]. AB - In a model of sheep perorally intoxicated with a 200.0 mg kg-1 trichlorphon dose, the effectivity of the worked out therapeutical procedure was confirmed; the procedure consisted in the administration of an anticholinergic (20.0 mg of 1.1% atropine s. c. pro toto) and cholinesterase reactivator (30.0 mg of 10% trimedoxime kg-1 i. m.) mixture 4 hours after the administration of the noxious agent. A determination of the erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.3.1.1.7.) and plasmatic butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, E.C.3.1.1.8.) activities in the intoxicated sheep should be considered a decisive clinical and diagnostical test for taking veterinary-therapeutical, veterinary-hygienical or veterinary-sanitary measures in intoxications with anti-cholinesterase substances on the whole. PMID- 829003 TI - [Use of feed mixture with a higher content of plant proteins in piglets during the weaning period]. AB - Two experiments with 56 piglets and pilot trial on 84 piglets were performed to demonstrate that it is possible to replace the complete mixture for early piglet weaning (COS-1, or COS-2) by an experimental mixture without fish meal, with a higher proportion of soya and maize, supplemented by lysine and methionine; this mixture is to be fed to piglets in the weaning period. The weight gain dropped in both basic experiments after weaning, especially in the group with a higher content of nitrogenous matters in the diet. No significant inter-group differences were found in the activity of enzymes in serum and in liver, nor were they found in the adrenocortical activity. PMID- 829004 TI - [Antagonistic action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to Pasteurella multocida strains]. AB - Studied was the antagonistic action of 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward 48 strains of Pasteurella multocida. Use was made of the method of the delayed antagonism after Fredericq. Ps. aeruginosa organisms were found to manifest a strongly expressed antagonistic activity as regards P. multocida. All Pasteurella strains proved highly sensitive, and showed a zone of inhibited growth sizing from 20 to 70 mm. The antibiotic substance produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms was yielded better on solid nutrient media than in liquid ones. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains manifested bactericidal and not bacteriostatic action upon the studied strains of Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 829005 TI - [Effect of acute overheating of animals on the processes of lipid peroxidation]. AB - In liver tissue, brain, lungs and skeletal muscles of rats, subjected to overheating, content of conjugated diens and lipid peroxides was distinctly increased. The decrease in the period of malon dialdehyde induction and in the antioxidative activity of lipids correlated with the alteration in content of peroxidation products. The overheating of animals was accompanied by a decrease in unsaturation of lipids in liver tissue, brain and skeletal muscles due to a decrease in amounts of arachidonic acid and to an increase in content of palmitinic and stearinic acids. In lipids of lungs the unsaturation was increased as a result of increase in content of linoleic acid. Administration of alpha tocopherol and ionol, 10 min before the overheating and in hypothermia, exhibited a protective effect, thioTEPA caused an opposite action. Administration of alpha tocopherol and ionol 24 hrs before the thermic treatment decreased the survival period of the animals which were subjected to the overheating. PMID- 829006 TI - [Monoamine oxidase and adenylate deaminase activity of mitochondrial fractions of the rat liver in alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Decrease in monoamine oxidase and increase in diamine oxidase and adenylate deaminating activities were found in rat liver mitochondrial fractions after repeated injections of ethanol. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline and an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase theophylline prevented the increase in adenylate deaminating activity in a subfraction of mitochondrial membranes in the ethanol intoxicated rats. In a subfraction of soluble mitochondrial proteins pargyline did not affect but theophylline prevented completely the increase in adenylate deaminating activity. The stimulation of adenylate deaminating activity in mitochondrial fractions of rat liver in ethanol intoxication might be caused by: 1) transformation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (in the subfraction of mitochondrial membranes) and 2) activation (or increased biosynthesis) of the adenylate deaminase in the subfraction of soluble mitochondrial proteins. The adenylate cyclase system is probably involved in the latter process. PMID- 829007 TI - [Study of the mechanism of adsorption and activation of enzymes of the contact phase of blood coagulation]. AB - Desorption of enzymes, participating in contact phase of blood coagulation, from silica surface was studied under effect of increased ion strength, in presence of urea, EDTA and surface-active substances. All these agents varied in their capacity to decrease the enzymes activity and to cause the desorption of contact factors. Ionic and hydrogen bonds were shown to carry out the leading role in adsorption of factor XII and in the initiation of the contact phase of blood coagulation. PMID- 829008 TI - [Results of a study of live mumps vaccine from strain L-3 produced by the Moscow research institute for viral preparations. Characteristics of the vaccine]. AB - For some years the Moscow Research Institute of Virus Preparations carried out studies concerned with the elaboration of conditions for production and control of mumps vaccine from the Leningrad-3 (L-3) strain under experimental production conditions. Twenty nine batches of the vaccine were prepared, tested and studied in extensive field trials. The paper presents the optimal conditions for the preparation of the live mumps vaccine from the L-3 strain in Japanese quail embryo cell cultures. In monkey experiments the L-3 strain was shown to have no neurovirulence. The system of biological control for the mumps vaccine permits to release the preparation meeting the current requirements for safety of live tissue culture parenteral vaccines. The data on the stability of the mumps vaccine from the L-3 strain are presented. PMID- 829009 TI - [Isolation of the mRNA for interferon and its integration into the genome of a foreign host]. AB - The study of superinduction and translation of interferon mRNA (mRNA-IF) in four cell systems was the experimental basis for tests on the establishment in mouse and monkey cells (L-1210 and BSC) of the capacity for long-term production of biologically active chicken interferon after their inoculation with chicken mRNA IF. The interferon was tested and identified by the species-specificity, thermostability and antigenic specificity. During 3 months (the observation period) after a single inoculation of chicken mRNA-IF the L-1210 and BSC cells in response to induction with poly: C produced the homologous (mouse or monkey) and heterologous (chicken) interferons without any signs of decline of the latter's production. Titres of the heterologous interferon exceeded those of homologous interferon by approximately 10-fold. The dynamics of production of chicken interferon after induction and the sensitivity of this process to actinomycin D permit a conclusion on similar mechanisms of transcription and translation of homologous and heterologous interferons. It is suggested that integration of the genetic information for synthesis of chicken interferon with the genome of heterogenous cells may be a possible mechanism of this phenomenon. PMID- 829010 TI - In vitro investigation of biological specimens by electron microscopy. AB - A microchamber was developed for the examination of biological specimens in nearly natural environments, in an electron microscope, at 70kV accelerating voltage.. The chamber can be supplied continually with the sample and with the reagents, which makes it suitable for the study of biochemical reactions, too. Temperature and vapour pressure in the chamber can be controlled and the thickness of the specimen can be varied. Transmission electron micrographs of biological specimens, such as human blood cells, bull gametes and Bacillus subtilis have been obtained. Mobility of microorganisms, which is regarded as a criterion of the wet state, has been observed. PMID- 829012 TI - The genetic code and the origin of life. AB - The problem of the origin of life understandably counts as one of the most exciting questions in the natural sciences, but in spite of almost endless speculation on this subject, it is still far from its final solution. The complexity of the functional correlation between recent nucleic acids and proteins can e.g. give rise to the assumption that the genetic code (and life) could not originate on the Earth. It was Portelli (1975) who published the hypothesis that the genetic code could not originate during the history of the Earth. In his opinion the recent genetic code represents the informational message transmitted by living systems of the previous cycle of the Universe. Here however, we defend the existence of a certain strategy in the syntheses of the genetic code during the history of the Earth. The strategy of correlation between amino acid and nucleotide polymers made an increasing velocity of the chemical evolution possible, that is, it increased the velocity of formation of the genetic code. Thus, life with the recent genetic code could originate on the Earth within the present cycle of the Universe. PMID- 829011 TI - A critical review of the 'neugliederung' concept in relation to the development of the vertebral column. AB - The literature on the early embryonic development of the vertebral column in various animal species was analyzed to evaluate so many unrelated or contradictory observations. The recurring problems are described. One of the first was the lack of correspondence between the metameric boundaries of the 'primitive vertebral bodies' arising from the somites and those of the adult vertebral bodies, as presumably shown by their relationship to the vertebral processes and spinal nerves. A century ago, Remak introduced the concept of 'Neugliederung', according to which the ultimate vertebral body boundaries are determined by a shift of a half segment in comparison with the earlier segment boundaries. Another question was about the nature of the structures the primitive segments give rise to (axial skeletal tissue and/or muscular tissue and/or nervous tissue), which led to the fundamental problem which system (skeleton or musculature) retains its segmentation. The observation of what was called the intervertebral fissure led to a far-reaching modification of the 'Neugliederung' concept, making a regrouping of parts of the primitive vertebral bodies both possible and probable. The functional necessity for the alternation of muscle and skeleton primordia was also assumed. Although the difference in rostro-caudal level between the boundaries of the somites and the definitive vertebral bodies, measured for instance in relation to the position of the intersegmental vessels, does not support a resegmentation of the vertebral column, because the somite is not a precursor of the adult vertebra, few authors have rejected this view. Subsequently, the discussion focussed on the problem of a) the animal species in which and b) the time at which the intervertebral fissure occurs, and the relationship of this fissure to the primitive vertebral cavity. Under the influence of comparative embryology, a number of authors concentrated mainly on identifying certain embryonic primordia as homologues of phylogenetic vertebral elements, and also on attempting to determine the recombination by which such elements could form a definitive vertebra. According to these authors, not only the vertebral bodies but also the arches and ribs undergo a 'Neugliederung'. Another variant of the 'Neugliederung' concept envisages a gradual shift of the original boundaries of the somites with respect to the transverse level of the definitive vertebrae with or without migration of cellular material. A critical consideration of the concepts at issue, and notably of the 'Neugliederung' concept, is presented. Certain phenomena held to be pillars of the 'Neugliederung' theory could not be confirmed. The functional interpretation of the resegmentation was also reduced to its proper proportions by the analysis. A development of the axial skeleton without resegmentation is just as conceivable in functional terms as one in which resegmentation occurs. A functionally meaningful relationship between muscles and skeletal elements is possible in both cases... PMID- 829013 TI - The effects of cadmium chloride on testis and epididymis of the Indian Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne. AB - Administration of single sub-lethal dose (12 mg/kg body wt.) of cadmium chloride neutralizes endogenous hormonal activity in th male Indian Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus entellus), resulting in a marked decrease in the production of androgens and subsequent reduction in the weights of sex accessory glands. Cadmium chloride in low dose (4 mg/kg body wt.) failed to bring about any significant change in the weights of excised tissue but did change biochemical composition and histo-architecture of testes. A significant increase in the concentration of testicular cholesterol was observed after the treatment. Decrease in the sialic acid concentration, total lipids and acid phosphatase activity of testis was associated with the degenerative changes of the spermatogenic elements. Reduced fructose and sialic acid concentration in the seminal vesicle of cadmium chloride treated animals indicate an inhibition of androgen production. Our results show that sialic acid epididymis is not androgen dependent in langurs. It is suggested that cadmium induced biochemical and histological changes in the testes and epididymides are dose dependent. PMID- 829014 TI - Pregnancy-associated aminopeptidases of man and monkey. PMID- 829015 TI - Precipitating antibodies to Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in human sera collected in Hungary. AB - Agar-gel diffusion precipitation test was carried out with Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever (CHF) virus as antigen in serum samples collected in four areas of Hungary from 587 persons working in contact with animals, and in 169 animal sera collected in Hajdu-Bihar county, Hungary. Antibody was found in 17 human sera. All these but one, originating from a slaughterhouse worker in Budapest, had been collected from Hajdu-Bihar county. The highest titre was 1:16. All the animal sera proved to be negative. It is suggested that the CHF virus or a closely related virus is present, and may cause human infections in Hungary. PMID- 829016 TI - Antigenic changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo and after lysogenization in vitro. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures not conforming in antigenic structure to established serogroups were isolated from infants and from infants and from 23 O antigen type strains lysogenized with 22 different phages in vitro. The derivatives, characterized by smooth colonial form and heat stability, retained at least part of the antigens of the parent strains and became agglutinable in certain heterologous sera. All derivatives showed immunoelectrophoretic patterns identical with those of the parent strains. Antigenic analysis showed the presence of factors in the derivatives identical with (italicized figures), bilaterally related to (non-bracketed figures) or unilaterally related to (bracketed figures) O antigens of LANYI's schema: (i) changes in vivo, 01 leads to 01, (O8); O11a, 11b leads to O11a, 11c; (ii) changes in vitro, O1 leads to O1, (O8); O4a, 4b leads to O4a,4b,O1,O8,(O10a), O11; O4a,4b leads to O4a,4b,O1,O8,O10a,O11; O4a,4c leads to O4a,4c,O1,(O8),(O10a),(O11). The antigenic changes were accompanied usually by a loss of sensitivity to several typing phages and the lytic spectrum of phages released from the derivatives had become narrower. The findings suggest that multiple agglutinability of P. aeruginosa frequently encountered in nature is associated with phage action. PMID- 829017 TI - Hyperbaric medicine in the U.S. Air Force. PMID- 829019 TI - [Group diagnosis of streptococci. II. - Comparative study of precipitation technics in liquid and gelified media]. AB - The identification of the antigenic group of streptococci is based on an interphasic precipitation reaction in liquid medium (Lancefield). The authors propose to adapt to the identification of streptococcal groups, the techniques of precipitation in gel medium, They compare in 220 strains the techniques of immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) and immunoelectro-osmophoresis, giving their preference to the latter which is safe, specific, economic and rapid. PMID- 829018 TI - Human serum components precipitated by anti-H active lectins (seed extracts). PMID- 829020 TI - [Feeding of Rhodnius prolixus in the laboratory]. PMID- 829021 TI - Morphological aspects of epilepsy. PMID- 829022 TI - Teichoic acid serologic diagnosis of staphylococcal endocarditis. Use of gel diffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoretic methods. PMID- 829023 TI - [Pharmacological and biochemical research on the antibiotic "substance M"]. PMID- 829024 TI - Protein factors regulating mammalian cell growth. AB - The preparation of active protein or proteins extracted from pituitary glands is called PF (pituitary factor). PF stimulates initiation of growth in different types of cells: 3T3 mouse fibroblast WI-38 human fibroblasts, Y-1 mouse adrenal cells and C-6 rat glial cells. Proteases like trypsin and thrombin showed no growth promoting activity under the conditions of PF assay. PMSF (phenilmethyl sulfonyl fluoride) treatment did not inactivate PF. No protease activity was detected in PF using BAPNA, azocasein and azoalbumin as substrates. It is then suggested that PF growth promoting activity is not due to proteases present in the preparation. Preliminary results are presented indicating that a functional rat pituitary cell line (GH3) might secrete a growth factor in culture. PMID- 829025 TI - Vaginal isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in association with meningococcaemia. AB - The isolation of meningococci from the vagina is unusual. This report concerns a young woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and subsequently developed a febrile illness which responded to oral ampicillin. The main clinical features included vomiting and drowsiness followed by a rash and arthritis. Neisseria meningitidis group B was isolated from cultures of a vaginal swab and blood. A brief literature review of genital infections with meningococci is given. PMID- 829026 TI - [Bacteriostatic effect of biologically acidified milk on some Salmonella strains]. PMID- 829027 TI - [Distribution of catecholamine containing nerve endings in the hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey]. AB - Using the Falck-Hillarp method, the distribution of catecholamine nerve terminals in the rhesus monkey hypothalamus was studied. The distribution pattern was fundamentally similar to that in the rat, cat and human fetus; abundunt catecholamine varicosities (presumed noradrenaline nerve terminals) were observed in the dorsomedial nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, medial forebrain bundle, periventricular layer and internal layer of the infundibulum, while little were in the mamillary nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and anterior hypothalamic area. A band of diffuse green fluorescence (dopamine nerve terminals) was observed around the capillary loops in the external layer of the infundibulum. the discrepancy with the rat was noted in the abundunt noradrenaline nerve terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and denser innervation of them in the arcuate nucleus and internal layer of the infundibulum. In addition to the noradrenaline nerve fibers from the peripheral sympathetic NA nerve, the noradrenaline nerve terminals of central origin closely approximated to the small intracerebral vessels. PMID- 829028 TI - [Clinical symptoms of callosal neoplasm]. PMID- 829029 TI - [Chronic cerebral diseases secondary to head injury; neuropathological review and investigation, part II (author's transl)]. PMID- 829031 TI - [Homovanillic acid concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid in epilepsy]. PMID- 829030 TI - [Lennox syndrome with the late onset in puberty]. PMID- 829032 TI - [Cerebral blood flow in focal cortical epilepsy, with special reference to the pathophysiology of epileptic foci during functional tests]. PMID- 829033 TI - [Effects of simultaneous administration of pyridoxine in the combined administration of L-dopa and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors. Experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 829034 TI - [Gargoylism--a case report of V-A shunt in the associated hydrocephalus]. PMID- 829035 TI - [Characteristics of the formation of lipophilic 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene products in vivo]. PMID- 829037 TI - Viewpoint: costs of medical care. PMID- 829036 TI - Computer-assisted instruction. Mixed ratings for the network? PMID- 829038 TI - Culture sites in the diagnosis of gonorrhea in women. AB - To test for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, culture speciments were taken from the endocervical, urethral, and rectal sites in 556 women seen at the Alameda County Venereal Disease Clinic, Oakland, California, U.S.A. There was no significant difference between the number of new cases found with the rectal speciments alone (nine out of a total of 154 cases diagnosed) and those revealed by the urethral site alone (seven). It is suggested, however, that the urethral specimen has importance, since it does yield cases not otherwise identified. The possibility of culturing endocervical, rectal, and urethral specimens from a given patient together on a single Thyayer-Martin plate is discussed. Such a method would afford increased possibilities of isolating N. gonorrhoeae at a markedly reduced cost. It is recommended that studies be undertaken in this connection. PMID- 829039 TI - Marburg virus. AB - Marburg virus disease, which produced 20 per cent mortality when it first occured during 1967 in Germany and Yugoslavia, recently appeared again in South Africa. The source of the first outbreak was monkeys shipped from Africa; the origin of the second episode is unclear. Because distribution of the virus in nature is unknown, its threat to man cannot be readily determined. Differential laboratory diagnoses of hemorrhagic fevers should be encouraged in order to learn more about the epidemiology of these diseases and to better assess the risks which their etiologic agents may pose for attending medical personnel. PMID- 829040 TI - Proliferative character and growth modes of neoplastic disease as determinants of chemotherapeutic efficacy. PMID- 829041 TI - [Prevention of thrombosis: current status and prospects]. PMID- 829042 TI - Idiopathic cardiomegaly in Africa. AB - Idiopathic cardiomegaly is probably the commonest single diagnosis other than hypertension made in tropical and subtropical African cardiovascular practice. Understanding of the nature of this disease has been hampered by failure to recognize the possibility that the term "idiopathic cardiomegaly" may embrace several disease entities. Evidence suggests that many factors, sometimes acting singly, but often acting in combination, may be responsible for the genesis of so called idiopathic myocardial failure. The future attitude to research should not be one of excluding well-defined forms from the concept of idiopathic cardiomegaly, but one of clinicopathological classification, which should be a prelude to the search, within each moiety of this group of disorders, for a specific or dominant etiological factor. PMID- 829043 TI - [25 years of the Deutsche EEG-Gesellschaft]. PMID- 829044 TI - [Paramyotonia congenita: clinical and electromyographical tests (author's transl)]. AB - This study reports on clinical and electromyographical findings which were obtained from an examination of male dizygotic twins and their father, who all suffered on a paramyotonia congenita. A simple coldness test can be used to distinguish paramyotonia congenita from myotonia congenita. Systematic cooling of the muscle of subjects with paramyotonia congenita leads to muscle stiffness and paresis, and finally to paralysis. An electromyographic analysis was carried out at various degrees of coldness. More than 300 paramyotonic series of discharges were analysed in respect to duration, amplitude and frequency. The results showed that the paramyotonic series are more similar to those of dystrophia myotonica than those of myotonia congenita. PMID- 829046 TI - [Television-EEG-department in research and clinical use (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports about findings which have been acquired during a time of three and a half years of work in a television-EEG-department. Both, the individual construction elements as well as the entire conception are critically valuated according to their reliability and in view of their practical usefulness. After overcoming numerous technical difficulties the television-EEG department has become a necessary instrument for research as well as for clinical work of a special hospital for epileptic seizures. PMID- 829045 TI - [Epilepsies in childhood: differential diagnosis of their forms and courses (author's transl)]. AB - Childhood epilepsies (not including the first 2 years of life) are outlined and discussed; particular emphasis is laid upon the variety of certain forms of epileptic conditions and their clinical course. These forms are divided as follows: a) The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a poly-etiological condition with distinct clinical-ictal and electroencephalographic characteristics, mostly associated with mental defects and prognostically unfavorable. b) "Common generalized epilepsy" (also called "centrencephalic" epilepsy), characterized by petit mal absences or a combination of petit mal and grand mal and with a predominantly favorable prognosis. c)Childhood epilepsies with focal spikes in the EEG, in most cases a very benign form with an excellent prognosis. These 3 forms of seizure disorders may be divided in subgroups. The distinction of fine diagnostic nuances is quite helpful but requires well integrated epileptological and EEG experience. The special role of temporal lobe epilepsy is briefly discussed. Furthermore, several etiologies of childhood etiologies are singled out such as inborn errors of metabolism (lipidoses, amino-acidurias), essential hereditary myoclonus epilepsy, tuberous sclerosis, Sturg-Weber's disease, encephalitis, brain tumor and brain abscess. The fringe of the seizure ("borderland of epilepsy") is briefly delineated. PMID- 829047 TI - [Quantification of visual EEG evaluation by using the concept of optimality (author's transl)]. AB - For the visual evaluation of the EEG in children (awake) 17 items are formulated and defined. They are to be examined and determined as beeing either optimal or non-optimal, as it is easier to define what is optimal, than what is normal. The non-optimal items are summed up for a total score. It could be shown that this score discriminates between sample groups of 50 children each, one with "minimal brain dysfunction" and another with normal controls of the same age and sex. There are also several distinct differences within the particular items. The objectivity of the items was proved by fourfold examination of the same sample group. The concept of optimality therefore offers a valid and objective method of quantifying the visual EEG evaluation, thus improving the interpretation of minor abnormalities in the EEG. PMID- 829048 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes in transsexualism (author's transl)]. AB - The study's goal was the examination of the hypothesis that transsexualism develops on a diminution of sexual drive which itself is a result of temporal lobe dysfunction. 28 transsexuals were examined. More than 30% of this group showed pathologic findings in EEG recordings. Most of the pathological findings were situated in the temporal region. Four transsexuals with pathologic EEG findings mentioned a brain injury in their personal history. In all but one case this injury had taken place after manifestation of transsexual behavior. There was no correlation between depressed sexual drive and pathologic electroencephalographic changes. Generally genetic male transsexuals showed a diminuation of sexual drive only by taking estradiol. This is interpreted as a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The electroencephalographic findings in 9 or 28 cases of transsexualism with an increase of epsilon-waves mostly in the temporal region are discussed in the context of single case studies and regarded as a reference to temporal lobe dysfunction. This dysfunction is interpreted as a biologic factor in the etiology of transsexualism. PMID- 829049 TI - [Electromyography 1950-1975]. PMID- 829050 TI - [Periodicity complexes in the EEG of necrotising herpes-encephalitis (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and electroencephalographic observations in two patients with verified necrotising herpes-encephalitis are presented. In one of the ill persons it was possible to isolate the virus. With these two observations four additional ones published previously are compaired electroencephalographically. Thereby the EEG reveal a certain variation in form and local distribution of periodic discharges (bursts) from relatively regularly recurring slow waves to stereotype periodicity complexes. Next an attempt is made to arrive at physiopathogenetic explanations for the EEG-changes by compairing the pathologico-anatomical findings of the six cases presented with those of ten more cases. The topographical distribution of the anatomical lesions in these inflammatory precesses seem to be of special importance for the occurence of the EEG-changes. PMID- 829051 TI - [Electroencephalographic findings and occurence of seizures after surgery of the Gasserian ganglion]. AB - The results of EEG investigations after Spiller-Frazier's operation for trigeminal neuralgia in 112 patients are reported. Follow-up EEGs were recorded within 1-8 years after surgery; two to three follow-up tracings were available in 53 patients. Two distinct phases of EEG alterations were noted: 1) The immediate postoperative phase characterized by bilateral delta waves of maximal distribution in the frontal-precentral area and in the temporal area on the side of surgery. Such alterations are supposedly due to postoperative edema or associated metabolic disturbances. 2) Several months after surgery focal abnormalities of the temporal lobe develop, which consist of high amplitude alpha , beta- or theta-waves, sharp waves, spikes and occasional stypical spike-and wave complexes. These abnormalities are reflected on the contralateral side in approximately one third of the case. Repeated EEGs confirmed the consistency of degree and location of these findings with the exception of a less constant incidence of spikes and sharp waves. Severity of EEG abnormalities and incidence of potentially epileptogenic discharges increases with age. In spite of the precarious location of such focal abnormalities in the temporal lobe only 3 of 112 patients (2.7%) reported seizures with temporal lobe features. The age of the three patients was below the average age of 59.1 years. Seizures occurred sporadically beginning approximately 2 years after surgery. The low incidence of seizures may in our opinion be due to the advanced age of most patients. PMID- 829052 TI - [Influence of alcohol on photomyoclomus and photoconvulsive response (author's transl)]. AB - In some subjects with increased light sensitivity to intermittent photic stimulation it could be observed: (1) a photomyoclonic response (PMR)--(in the EEG: muscular and ocular artefacts and probably spikes) including twitching of the facial, and sometimes muscles (Fig. 1 and 2) a photoconvulsive response (PKR), which deals in EEG with paroxismal cerebral potentials (Fig. 2). 20 min after consumation of small doses of alcohol (60 ml brandy) the PMR persists, while the photomyoclunus response gets extinguished (Fig. 3). In special terms there can be a development of epileptic seizures without alcohol (Fig. 4a-b), which fail to appear after alcohol up to 3 hours. This effect is demonstrated in six cases (Tab. 1). A partial anticonvulsive effect of alcohol is possible to be involved, especially in cases of fits with motoric actions (myoclunisms). The cilical valence of PMR and PKR seems to be the same, as a conductive factor to the liability to cerebral fits. PMID- 829054 TI - [The influence of noise on the human central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the effects of the road noise on the central nervous system in a group of 40 normal adult subjects. The neurophysiological research included the following parameters: acoustic and visual evoked cortical potentials, percentage of EEG desynchronization, contingent negative variation (CNV) and sleep-EEG. The results showed in every subject a reduction of the amplitude of the acoustic evoked potential recorded during the road noise as against to that one we recorded during normal silence. This fact, also in contrast to the stability of the visual evoked potential during the road noise and the normal silence, permitted to verify the existence of a neuronal occlusion phenomenon interesting the evocative acoustic stimulus when the noise is provided at the same time. The study of the EEG desynchronization during the road noise compared to that one during the normal silence did not give any statistically difference. The study of the CNV gave analogous results. Only if we complete the research with the study of the base-personality of every subject by the Rorschachtest, we found significant differences among the neurphysiological parameters as the EEG desynchronization and the CNV during the normal silence and the noise in relation to the different levels of anxiety and endotensivity of every subject. PMID- 829055 TI - [Decrease of latency of auditory evoked potentials in humans practicing transcendental meditation (author's transl]. AB - Slow cortical auditory responses were recorded from humans practicing transcendental meditation. The potentials were computated according to Fig. 1, and the latencies of the positive peaks P1 and P2 and of the negative peaks N1 and N2 were measured as well as the areas of the on-effect FON, of the off-effect FOFF and of the DC-shift FDC during the stimulus duration. Latencies for most of the initial peaks during TM as well as during normal consciousness were significantly shorter than in a control group in a dozing state or during normal consciousness (Table 1 and Fig. 2). Certain differences were also found in regard to other parameters such as amplitudes and areas of the auditory evoked response. PMID- 829053 TI - [Continuous EEG monitoring and clinical chemical findings in poisoning from Death cap (Amanita phalloides) (author's transl)]. AB - The changes in the EEG were put in relation to the clinical course and liver function tests in 3 cases of acute poisoning by Amanita phalloides. Within discrete disturbances of liver function, distinct paroxysmal changes and increased interspersion of epsilon waves in the EEG are already found on the second day after taking the fungi. The liver dystrophy developing in the later course, recognisable by Quick values below 2%, at first only produces a small increase in the EEG changes. On the 5th or 6th day, severe general changes in the EEG appear along with symptoms of confusion to delirium. At this time, no further deterioration of the laboratory findings were demonstrable, but on the contrary we already even found a distinct improvement in the liver function. With further continuous increase in the clotting factors, the EEG becomes increasing slower in the next 4 days and after surviving this stage, improves very quickly thereafter. Our findings show that in poisoning with Amanita phalloides, EEG changes may become manifest even before the appearance of psycho-pathological changes and do not correlate directly with the tangible technical liver function tests of the laboratory. PMID- 829056 TI - [Intracortical electrogenesis: spontaneous activity, sleep and epileptic seizure (author's transl)]. AB - Various electrical activities were recorded in rabbits from within the cortex by means of a multielectrode carrying, on a glass needle, 8 Ag-AgCl contacts (50X50 micronm) at 300 micronm distances. The records were stored on tape and analyzed (power spectrum, coherence and phase). Generally, the relatively uniform pattern of the cortical surface is paralleled by a spatio-temporally very complex intracortical activity. In all activities a zone of minimum activity ("zero zone") was found between roughly 500 and 800 micronm below surface. Beyond this zone, activities often appear like a mirrorimage of the surface activities although true phase-reversals never occur. In spontaneous activities this zone remains constant, during seizures it may shift and broaden. The maximum power is usually found below this zone. The transcortical power profile often changes during seizures. Tonic patterns, although fairly uniform in the ECoG from the surface of the cortex, turn out to be composed of several components when studied intracortically. The "generator zones" of the various intracortically identifiable graphoelements have various vertical position and extension. These findings demonstrate that a certain neuronal circuitry may be responsible for the shape of the potential recorded. This circuitry is far from rigid but may change in different stages of synchronization. For a better spatio-temporal resolution of intracortical activities, the interelectrode distance has still to be reduced. PMID- 829057 TI - [The EEG in intensive care units for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical electroencephalography of the sixth and seventh decade of this century saw its task in the coordination of EEG-findings and nosological entities. The method seemed to be limited to the discovery of positive correlations of EEG-patterns and diagnoses. The psychopharmacological induced psychodynamics of psychoses, the EEG-dynamics of epileptic patients--enforced by anticonvulsant drugs--and the modern intensive medicine teach us nowaday to leave static EEG-reflection and instead turn to a more pathophysiological way of thinking. Clinical EEG deals only with an actual sample of a continuum, a functional diagram of age, brain metabolism, vigilance and a possibly convulsive capacity. The comparison of samples enables us to have a better insight into the gradient of steppness of EEG-pattern changes. It is to be correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters. Further comparison of samples allows criterions concerning the extent of cerebral lesion, its course, termination, with or without neurological deficiency. In a series of cases of acute neurological, neuropsychiatric and internal diseases the above mentioned necessity of a more pathophysiological EEG-interpretation is being demonstrated. PMID- 829058 TI - [Antidromic sensory action potentials of the median and ulnar nerve.--Normal value and discussion of methodology (author's transl)]. AB - The sensory conduction velocities of the median and ulnar nerve and the amplitudes of the evoked nerve action potentials were measured and evaluated statistically in 116 healthy subjects with the antidromic technique. Both conduction times and amplitudes were correlated to age and to the nerve segment studied (finger--wrist or wrist--elbow). Moreover amplitudes varied with the distance between the recording electrodes; in spite of their great interindividual differences they may be of diagnostic help. In clinical electrophysiology this method is useful in revealing especially minor injuries of the brachial nerves and plexus with little or no involvement of the motor fibres. In such cases the antidromic action potentials can be registered quickly, reliably and nearly painless. The orthodromic technique is much more complicated, an averager or some other technical supplement often is necessary for recording clearly visible potentials, because the amplitudes are lower. On the other hand, orthodromic potentials may still detectable with an averager in severe nerve lesions where antidromic potentials are absent. PMID- 829059 TI - [Involvement of the peripheral motor neuron in hereditary spastic paraplegia (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients from families with hereditary spastic paraplegia (recessive and dominant type) were examined electromyographically. It was found that the peripheral motor neuron is involved. It is assumed that in cases of infantile recessive familial spastic paraplegia the peripheral motor neuron is rather more involved than in those of the dominant type of spastic paraplegia. PMID- 829060 TI - [Descending long-loop reflexes in the human spinal cord I. Facilitation of the triceps surae H reflex following stimulation of forelimb afferences (author's transl)]. AB - The H reflex in the triceps surae muscle was elicited by just supraliminal stimulation of the tibial nerve. It was conditioned by paired impulses to the brachial plexus or the forelimb nerves and in some cases to other sites of the body. With a conditioning test interval of 32-47 msec a facilitation occurred which reached its maximum at about 80 msec and lasted for about 400 msec. The facilitation evoked by ipsilateral conditioning had a shorter latency than that from contralateral (ipsilateral: 32-42 msec, contralateral; 37-47 msec). The facilitation at the optimum interval (about 80 msec) ranged between 1;5 and 11.3 times of the control values. Ipsilateral conditioning was slightly more effective than the contralateral one (Fig. 1, 2). Stimulation of different forelimb nerves at an interval of 80 msec showed only insignificant differences in the amount of facilitation but was more effective than skin stimulation in the most cases (Fig. 3). Varying the intensity of the conditioning stimulus showed that facilitation occurred with just perceptable stimuli but it became more pronounced as soon as pain threshold (2-3 time of perception threshold) was exceeded (Fig. 3). This suggests that facilitation was mainly due to activation of nociceptor afferents. From the onset of facilitation and the conduction velocities of the respective forelimb and hindlimb afferents (cf. 6) a central reflex lantency of about 43 msec was calculated. To get further insight into the central connections of the reflex loop the H reflex was conditioned by paravertebral stimulation at C5 and L1 level. Both stimuli caused a distinct facilitation. However, the latency of the onset was 10-15 msec shorter with lumbar stimulation than with cervical stimulation. This and the similar time course of facilitation seen in animal experiments (12) suggest that an early part of facilitation is mediated via a descending propriospinal pathway. The major part, however, is supposed to be mediated via supraspinal pathways and seems to be related to a startle response. PMID- 829061 TI - [The effects of kryptopyrrole on the brain of cats in the quantitative EEG analysis (author's transl)]. AB - A frequency analyzer and a biointegrator were used to study the effect of kryptopyrrole (20, 60 or 90 mg/kg) on the cortical and various subcortical structures in cat experiments. It was found that, as regards the subcortical structures, kryptopyrrole primarily causes significant bioelectric changes in the regions of the hippocampus and amygdala; its effects in the cortex are much less marked. In the second hour of the experiment, excitation appears in the behaviour of the cats, simultaneously with an increase in area of the slow frequency regions, where-as after 4-5 hours a considerable behaviour-inhibition can be observed simultaneously with a decrease in area of the slow wave range. The experimental data confirm the behaviour-active effect of kryptopyrrole. The findings indicate that the effect of kryptopyrrole is exerted in two phases. The neurophysiological data obtained give an explanation for these contradictory behaviour changes. PMID- 829062 TI - [Psychophysiological studies of EEG, operational performance and the dynamics of vigilance regulation. I. The EEG during performance of Brickenkamp's attention concentration test (test d 2) (author's transl)]. AB - During the performance of the d 2 test developed by Brickenkamp (standardized test of attention and concentration), occipital EEG activity was registered telemetrically in 10 male students aged 25 to 32 years. Simultaneously, the pencil markings performed by the subjects, indicating the time course of their pattern recognition and discrimination, were recorded by means of a piezo electrical transducer. The EEG behavior during test performance was evaluated by serial spectral analysis. The analysis of the EEG parameters derived from it (total power, absolute and relative alpha-power) showed that there is a relationship between these EEG measures reflecting the regulation of cortical vigilance and the error rate in the concentration test. While subjects with low error rate present a heightening of cortical arousal focused in the right occipital area, subjects with higher error rate tend to have a higher degree of general cortical activation. PMID- 829063 TI - [Psychophysiological studies of EEG, operational performance and the dynamics of vigilance regulation. II. EEG activity and reactivity during tracking performance in a control loop with varying degrees of difficulty (author's transl)]. AB - In ten male students the EEG occipital activity was recorded during a visuo-motor task consisting of pursuit-tracking. The degree of task difficulty varied systematically depending on the modification of the transfer function of control element dynamics. The EEG data were evaluated by serial spectral analysis. The distribution functions of the total power estimates and their minima and maxima reflect the dynamics of the regulation of cortical vigilance and permit to differentiate the degree of effort which corresponds to the varying degree of task difficulty. The study of task-irrelevant acoustically evoked potentials showed that with increasing cortical activation the amplitudes of N1-P2 and P2-N2 are diminished. These results might suggest that evoked potentials induced by task-irrelevant stimuli can serve as indicators of the neuronal capacity available for information processing that is not task-oriented. PMID- 829064 TI - [Electroencephalographic study of brain-infarction in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The evaluation of EEG-findings during the acute phase of stroke-patients is somewhat difficult particularly in regard to the voltage-production, less in regard to the temporary retardation of frequency. Within comparable neurophysiological and biochemical examinations of the experimental brain-infarct under standardized conditions of silicon-rubber-embolus was introduced intracarotideally and an occlusion of the media-trunk evoked. One day prior to the embolisation and on the first, third and fifth day thereafter EEG-derivation took place which were stored on analogous-tape, digitalized and were then confronted with the FFT-Algorithm. From the statistical point of view four animal groups were the result: HO-group (control group), H1-, H3- and H5-group (each time N = 6). Visual evaluation of the curves, descriptive and inferential statistics of the spectral EEG estimators showed a significant loss of power within five days after the infarction; it always was more distinct across the focal side than across the not immediately involved hemisphere. On the fifth day the original level of voltage was almost reached again. From the clinical standpoint the neurological deficits had practically been disappeared. The biochemical finishing of the dog-brains -- the results of which are planned to be confronted with the electrophysiological results in another paper -- in accordance with the papers of other authors brings close the assumption that the decrease of tension i.e. the loss of power of the electric potential during the first days after infarction is combined with a temporary decrease of the energetic potential of the metabolically active corticocerebral cells which is tied to the phosphagene-system of the highly energetical phosphates and metabolites of the energy-metabolism in the brain. PMID- 829065 TI - [Computerized transverse axial tomography in the diagnosis of epilepsy; an electroencephalo-tomographic study (author's transl)]. AB - 193 patients with epilepsy were investigated by EEG and by computerized tomography (C.T.). 55.5% of the pathological C.T. scans were found in partial seizures with elementary symptomatology. In patients with generalized seizures the diagnosis of symptomatic epilepsy could be made in 40 cases (35.7%) with the help of computerized tomography. In 38 EEG there was a continual delta-wave focus, 18 of these with epileptogenic activity. Of these 38 patients, 34 showed a pathological result in computerized tomography. 19 tumors or metastases, 11 cases of atrophy (10 local and one diffuse) as well as one case of encephalitis could be diagnosed. The remaining 3 patients showed indefinate findings with C.T. 19 EEG showed intermittent theta-wave foci. Computerized tomography gave 5 pathological scans in these patients. If one compares the results of computerized tomography and EEG in cases of tumor, the agreement between positive tomography and the pathological EEG is very high (95%): 64 positive C.T. compared with 61 positive EEG. Our investigations with computerized tomography show organic findings in 67 of 193 epilepsies, that is about 35%. PMID- 829066 TI - [The EEG in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In a strictly selected material of 80 patients, who were all outpatients of a special nephrological clinic, with chronic renal insufficiency with retention values of 1.4-14.5 mg% serum creatinine, an EEG was done besides thorough neurological and internal examinations. In 21 cases (26.2%) a pathological EEG in the form of background slowing and general dysrhythmia. There was a tendency to increase in pathological EEG findings in correlation with increase of the retention values. The patients with pathological EEG had on the average a creatinine value of 5.89 mg%, those without EEG findings had an average creatinine value of 3.98 mg%. The difference is statistically significant (alpha less than or equal to 0.015). It is notable that there is a statistical correlation (alpha less than or equal to 0.005) between the presence of pathological EEG and the motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve: only 12% of the patients with a conduction velocity of less than 43 m/sec had a pathological EEG while 60% of the patients with a conduction velocity of more than 43 m/sec had EEG findings. No statistical correlation were found between the EEG changes and other neurological and internal signs and symptoms, including cardiovascular findings like the blood pressure. PMID- 829067 TI - [The ultimate electromyographic patterns in reinnervated muscle (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated 59 patients in later stages after section and suture (n =23) or transplantation (n = 36) of the ulnar or median nerve. The most typical change in electromyographic pattern consists in a markedly increase of mean amplitude, due to an increased number and concentration of muslce fibers in the reconstituted motor-units. The mean duration and the incidence of polyphasic potentials are only slightly increased, indicating a nearly synchronous excitement of the different muscle fibers of the various motor-units. In no case there is a complete recovery; the mean amplitude of evoked potentials in reinnervated muscles varied from 32% in poor-, to 62% in satisfactory reinnervation, compared with the corresponding normal muscle in the opposite hand. PMID- 829068 TI - At Illinois Bell, HMOs help control health costs. PMID- 829069 TI - Retrograde oesophagoscopy via gastrostomy. AB - The following case-report shows that oesophagoscopy can be performed by introducing a flexible fiberscope through a gastrostomy. Conditions and indications for this unusual procedure are discussed. Applying this method of oesophagoscopy the natural form of the cardia can be observed, and the so-called cardiac lip well known to any endoscopist is shown to be an artefact. PMID- 829070 TI - Evidence for existence in human tissues of monomers for plastics and rubber manufacture. AB - Although exposure to many industrially important monomers is controlled by law, few of these reactive chemicals have been determined in human tissues. Analogy with other fat-soluble organic substances strongly implies that these monomers may be retained in tissue, subject to the usual physiological constraints of metabolism, solubility and volatility. The storage of DDT and PCBs is discussed, as well as tetrachloro-ethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which are chemically similar to many industrially used monomers. Styrene in blood and breath and its metabolites in urine have been studied in humans. Styrene and vinyl chloride have been measured in fat tissue of polymerization workers. PMID- 829072 TI - Activity of amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The activity of amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin was tested in vitro against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concentrations of the antibiotics in serum and in saline solution were prepared according to serum levels produced in volunteers 15 minutes, 1,2, and 6 hours after a single intramuscular injection of 500 mg amikacin, 80 mg gentamicin and 500 mg kanamycin. Following isolation of the Pseudomonas strains in cultures, they were incubated and seeded in Mueller Hinton broth, then 10(-7) dilutions of the organisms were kept in contact with the prepared antibiotic solutions in serum and in saline solution for three hours, the approximate half-life of the antibiotics in serum. Amikacin was active at concentrations seen six hours post-dose, inhibiting growth in a total of 72-5% of seeded plates. Gentamicin was active for only two hours and inhibited growth in 2-5% of the plates. Kanamycin showed no antipseudomonal activity. PMID- 829071 TI - [Effect of glibenclamide on several indices of the cardiovascular system and carbohydrate balance]. PMID- 829073 TI - [The therapeutic acetazolamide test in the differentiation between beign and malignant ulcer]. AB - The inhibitory action of acetazolamide on the gastric secretion and its favorable effects in the treatment of gastric ulcers being known, we have applied the therapeutic test with acetazolamide in differentiating benignant from malignant gastric ulcers. The inhibiting pharmacoagent was administered orally in doses of 25-30 mg/kg of body weight. Two hundred and forty-two (242) patients presenting a crater in the radiological image. The fundamental criteria was the size of the crater observed in the radiological examination. In all the cases of gastric ulcer the size of the cavity was considerably reduced after 7-9 days of treatment with acetazolamide, disappearing after about 2-3 weeks. The favorable evolution was obtained in the absence of special diet or bed rest. In 16 cases in which no radiological modifications in the cavity appeared after 7-9 days of treatment, the malignant nature was confirmed. Because of its simplicity and the efficiency of its results, the method can constitute a quick therapeutic test in the differentiation between a benign and a malignant cavity. PMID- 829074 TI - [Antigastrin therapy in gastric ulcer]. AB - A brief review of the role of gastrin on gastric secretion and its influence in the genesis of peptic ulcer is made. A report is made of the pharmacological studies of Proglumida and its antigastrin action and the interest its association with Hioscin Butil-Bromuro may represent in the antiulcer therapy. A study is made of 26 patients submitted to a general treatment for peptic ulcer this drug together with a bland diet and psychotherapy. The results were: 19 (73%) cases cured; 6 (23%) cases improved; no results in 1 (4%) case. No secondary side effects appear and the symptomatic response appears 8 days after the treatment is initiated. The dosis used is of 2 tablets before the 3 main meals. Each tablet contains 250 mg of Proglumide and 10 mg of Hioscin Butil-Bromuro. It is considered useful in the antiulcer therapy to have available a drug which can control the physiological effects of gastrin and from this point of view its action is different from that of the antiacids and anticolinergics. PMID- 829075 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the use of proglumide in the treatment of the peptic ulcer semebrome]. AB - The authors have made a clinical evaluation of Proglumida in 27 patients suffering from Peptic ulcer. Proglumida was administered orraly, 2 tables of 200 mg 3 times a day, 1.200 mg in 24 hours, during a period varying from 21 to 28 days. The painful symptoms improved in 96% of the pain occurred in 59% during the first 7 days of treatment. The dispeptic symptoms improved in all cases, disappearing completely in 74%, but in a slower fashion than the pain, and in 68% of the cases only from the second week of treatment onward. The objectivation of the pain by palpation of the epigastrium improved in all cases and did so in a significant form in 59% of the cases during the first seven days of treatment. No undesireable side effects have been observed in any of the cases. We believe that Proglumida is a pharmacological drug of positive action in the treatment of the ulcer syndrome, because of its favorable action and the absence of secondary side effects. PMID- 829077 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux. Study with Helderberg's telemetric capsule]. AB - Thirty patients in which there was a clinical suspicion of esophagitis reflux were studied. After radiological and endoscopic study, the gastroesophageal reflux was determined by means the Heidelberg telemetric capsule, for this purpose HCl 0.1N was used and changes in the gastroesophageal pH were registered in the Trendelenburg position. The results were correlated with the radiological and endoscopic findings. PMID- 829076 TI - Chagas' megaesophagus: manometric studies before and after Thal's fundic patch operation. AB - The authors present their experience with manometric studies, before and after Thal's fundic patch operation, in patients with Chagas' megaesophagus. The preoperative studies showed in the majority of the patients synchronous, waves of normal duration, that had low peak pressure and were repetitive (vigorous achalasia). The postoperative studies showed disappearance of the vigorous achalasia in over half the patients and increase of the contraction peak pressure in one patient. PMID- 829079 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus by sponge smears (II)]. AB - Forty-four patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, 21 with cancer of the gastric fundus with invasion of gastroesophageal junction, and 28 controls with non-tumoral esophageal problems were studied by the sponge smear technique, an effective procedure for cytologyc diagnosis of esophageal tumors. Several advantages of this technique over esophageal washings are described and its results are favorably compared with those obtained by esophageal washings. PMID- 829078 TI - [Diagnosis of esophageal neoplasms by sponge biopsy (I)]. AB - Fifty-one (51) patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, 27 with cancer of the gastric fundus invading gastroesophageal junction, and 28 controls with non tumoral esophageal problems were studied by the sponge biopsy technique, an effective procedure for cytologyc diagnosis of esophageal tumors. Various advantages of this technique over esophageal washings are described and results with the sponge biopsy technique are favorably compared with them. PMID- 829080 TI - [Use of esophageal cytology. Comparative study on the value of various methods (III)]. AB - Several esophageal cytologic tecniques (sponge biopsy, sponge smear, and espohageal washings) were assessed and compared with endoscopy and biopsy of esophageal tumors. Esophageal cytology rendered better results than esophagoscopy or biopsy, with a 97% positivity in cases of esophageal carcinoma, when using sponge biopsy and sponge smear techniques, and of 91.4% for esophageal and gastric carcinoma of the fundus invading gastroesophageal junction, when considered together. The combination of sponge techniques was better for diagnosisng esophageal carcinoma than the application of esophageal washings, a more difficult, time consuming, and sometimes unfeasible method. However, the utilization of three mehtods enhanced the overall diagnostic possibilities in all cases of esophageal tumors when considered together. PMID- 829082 TI - [Depression and indigestion]. PMID- 829081 TI - [Normal value of electrolytes in the gastric juice]. AB - In the present paper, the authors present the concentrations of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) in the gastric juice of Na and K obtained by the flame photometer and by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and conclude that the flame photometer may give false results when used to determine the electrolytes in the gastric juice. PMID- 829083 TI - [Thickness of the pyloric muscle in relation to Chagas' disease]. AB - The authors analyzed the thickness of the pyloric muscle of 139 patients with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Subtracting the muscular thickness of pylorus measured by a ruler from the thickness estimated by the formula, P.T.=0.0415 X W+2.9, where P.T. represents the thickness of the pyloric muscle in millimeters and W represents the weight of the body in kilograms, they had the deviation from normal, in mm. The muscles with deviations greater than 3 mm were considered hypertrophics. Comparing their material with those of Horwitz et al the authors observed a difference in the group of patients with duodenal ulcer without stenosis in which they obtained 16.5% cases with muscular hypertrophy. Surprisingly, those patients showed positivity of sorologic reactions to Chagas' disease in 83.3% of the cases. These results together with the work of Kunze which demonstrated in 1973 that Chagas' disease may be one of the causative factors of the pyloric muscular hypertrophy, make the authors attribute to the neurological disturbances caused by the American Tripanosomiasis the difference observed. PMID- 829085 TI - [Ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa in chronic renal failure]. AB - Electromicroscopy (EM) findings of gastric mucosa from four patients with renal failure are reported. In these patients, the renal insufficiency appeared from different etiologies and ligth microscopy showed only corion edema. It was only through the EM studies that we could show great autophagic vacuoles in almost all surface epithelial cells; some of them, containing citoplasmic structure residues. In the four patients we found a remarkable activity of autophagocitosis. The autodestructive celular changes suggest two possibilities: a) the mucosal edema could obstruct a poorer nutrition of the tissues and/or b) It could represent a high flucagon activity. PMID- 829084 TI - Effects of intravenous glucose and aminoacids of gastric secretion. AB - Five healthy females were submitted to parenteral nutrition with amino acids and glucose solution and the acidity and volume of gastric juice were studied. No alterations were noted in the values obtained inthe various phases studied even after the administration of betazole. We concluded that the infusion of amino acids and glucose do not alter the pattern of gastric secretion. PMID- 829087 TI - Recombination of recessive upsilon+ transformants in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 829088 TI - New results on the genetic characteristics of the Far East race of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 829086 TI - [Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcer]. AB - The authors present the results of treatment with acetazolamide of gastroduodenal ulcer (356 gastric ulcer, 1.250 duodenal ulcers--859 with craters--, 24 pyloric stenosi with functional components, and 42 postgastrectomy peptic ulcers). The acetazolamide was administed in daily dosis of 25-30 mg/kg of body weight, sodium and potassium salts were added, and the liquid intake was increased (approx. 2 1 daily). A control was kept of the clinical, secretory, radiological, enzymological, and hydrolectrolytical modification. A decrease is observed of the in the carbonic anhidrase of the gastric mucosa and of the gastric secretion. There is also an increase in the gastric protection factors and a disappearance of ulcer pain. There are no significant hydroelectrolytic modifications of the blood. From a radiogical point of view, the crater of the postoperative gastric, pyloric and peptic ulcer disappears after 2 weeks of treatment, and in duodenal ulcers in 89% of the cases in 3 weeks. The method is the same time a quick, simple, an efficient therapeutic test for the differentiation of the gastric craters. The drug is well tolerated. Nevertheless a clinical, secretory and radiological control of the patients is necessary taking into account the counter indication for the administration of acetazolamide. PMID- 829089 TI - Panel reports on sleep-aids. PMID- 829090 TI - Drug instructions: the importance of being earnest. PMID- 829091 TI - Using x rays to detect breast cancer. PMID- 829092 TI - The new flue: what it is and what is being done about it. PMID- 829093 TI - Drug labels: the consumer's view. PMID- 829094 TI - Hotline for poison victims. PMID- 829095 TI - Making sure hearing aids help. PMID- 829097 TI - Analysis of three electrocardiographic systems: conventional, corrected orthogonal (Frank), and uncorrected orthogonal (Trethewie) in newborn. PMID- 829096 TI - Remote results of the treatment of the postphlebitic syndrome. PMID- 829098 TI - Some new and relatively infrequent phenomena by bronchography done under general venous anesthesia and monopulmonary controlled respiration. PMID- 829099 TI - Immunocytogenesis and synthesis of antibodies after spleen lazer irradiation. PMID- 829100 TI - Dynamics of the dry mass of the cells from the peritoneal cavity of white rats in case of aseptic inflammation. PMID- 829101 TI - The control of the radiochemical purity of compounds labelled with 113MIn using the method of thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 829102 TI - Concerning the methods of quantitative determination of the atherosclerotic changes of the aorta. PMID- 829103 TI - Influence of ultrasonic energy on the level of the thyronins in the thyroid gland. PMID- 829104 TI - Two cases of porphyria examined in the families. PMID- 829105 TI - The effect of town and village conditions on some anthropometric indicess of newborn and one year old children. PMID- 829106 TI - Nephelometric study of the clotting of blood plasma (fibrinogen-fibrin phase) by patients with delirium tremens and chronic alcoholics. PMID- 829107 TI - Prof. Iuri Georgiev Toshev--loyal to the party, favourite with the patients (1907 1975). PMID- 829108 TI - The rheumatoid factor among the population of south Bulgaria, among the diseased of rheumatiod arthritis and their relatives (an epidemiological study). PMID- 829109 TI - Electrodermatometric and electroencephalographic examination of patients suffering from depression. PMID- 829110 TI - Factors influencing the therapeutic response of lung cancer patients to BCG and to the soluble BCG fraction F70. PMID- 829111 TI - Disorders in the glomerular filtration rate, determined by radioindicative methods, by some kidney diseases and by some diseased accompanied by renal involvement. PMID- 829112 TI - The hospital-planning consultant. PMID- 829113 TI - Developments in the use of intermittent compression. PMID- 829116 TI - Experiment at Addenbrooke's. PMID- 829114 TI - Blueprint for meal planning--a Malvern experiment. PMID- 829115 TI - Public purchasing during a recession. PMID- 829118 TI - Preventing infection in intravenous therapy. AB - Any part of an infusion system--not just the cannula, its most distal portion- may be at fault when sepsis complicates IV therapy. Detailed here are both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms by which contamination may occur; recommendations such as more widespread use of steel scalp needles and early termination of infusions are given. The special requirements of total parenteral nutrition systems are defined. PMID- 829117 TI - Respiratory infections in children. PMID- 829119 TI - Study on the growth of influenza virus type C in hen's embryo (other than amniotic and allantoic) and in tissue culture. PMID- 829120 TI - Effect of cromolyn sodium (DSCG) on allergen induced asthma. PMID- 829121 TI - Intradermal and gel-diffusion tests with dirofilarial antigens in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 829122 TI - The impact of pharmacotherapy on the treatment of mental illness. PMID- 829123 TI - Drug information questions and answers: facts on Intralipid. PMID- 829124 TI - [Treatment of open malleolar fractures. Apropos of a series of 26 cases]. AB - The authors report 26 cases of open bimalleolar fractures and discuss the various possibilities of treatment. Immediate internal fixation is indicated for types I or II of openings, being the best prevention of sepsis. These osteosynthesis should be the same as for closed fractures: screwing with or without associated AO plate and repair of peroneotibial ligaments. PMID- 829142 TI - Value of traditional food practices in nutrition education. PMID- 829144 TI - Editorial. PMID- 829143 TI - Maternal nutritional requirements in relation to the subsequent development of teeth in children. PMID- 829146 TI - Purified insulin-a new aspect in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 829145 TI - Long-term care of the mentally ill. PMID- 829147 TI - The use of a modified lytic cocktail regime in the management of eclampsia. AB - This paper recounts our experience on the use of a modified Lytic-cocktail regime in the management of eclampsia at the University Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Our results have been compared with those obtained with the original Lytic-cocktail use by earlier workers and the regime, though studied only in a small series, has proved to be effective. We recommend that our modified Lytic-cocktail regime be widely adopted in the management of eclampsia. PMID- 829148 TI - Recent status of bacterial sensitivities to various antibiotics. PMID- 829149 TI - Hypercarotenemia-a case report. AB - A case report of hypercarotenemia is presented here. Hypercarotenemia was purely due to an excessive intake of carotene rich foods. The patient being a diabetic could not convert dietary carotene to vitamin A. PMID- 829151 TI - National Leprosy Control Programme. PMID- 829150 TI - Adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 829152 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on nuclear uptake of estrogen-receptor complex in rat uterus. AB - A single oral carcinogenic (20 mg) dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) significantly reduced the uterine nuclear uptake of estrogen-receptor complex with immature Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0.05 microng of tritiated estradiol-17beta (E2) 24 hours after DMBA. Incubation experiments with whole uteri or with isolated uterine nuclei showed that DMBA in vitro does not act by reducing estrogen-receptor transformation or transport into nuclei. DMBA may act in vivo by stimulating hepatic degradation of injected estradiol-17beta so that less active form of the steroid reaches target tissues. PMID- 829154 TI - [Time of gene activity in ontogenesis of Drosophila. 2. Temperature-sensitive period of SSa-40a mutation in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - In the mutants aristapedia (ssa-40a) of D. melanogaster, the temperature sensitive period (TSP) was determined for the effects observed in the thoracic legs (fusion of tarsal segments). The TSP began in the middle of the first and finished in the end of the second quarter of the 3rd larval instar. The TSP for ssa-40a overlapped the TSP for homoeotic transformation of aristae into tarsi but did not overlap the TSP for spineless effects. An attempt is undertaken to consider the state of determinantion on the basis of the hypothesis of autogenous regulation of gene activity. PMID- 829155 TI - [Effect of mutant genes on crystallin synthesis in the forming mouse lens. 1. Dominant gene cataract-Fr]. AB - The beginning of synthesis, localization and content of crystallins were studied in the developing lenses of 9--13 and 15 days old embryos of CatFr/CatFr and +/+ mice by means of immunofluorescence and polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. The mutant gene CatFr was shown not to affect the crystallin synthesis. Alpha crystallins are first to be synthesized in the cytoplasm of cells of the proximal part of the lens vesicle (10 days of development). Gamma-crystallins are detected for the first time in the lens of 11 days old embryos in the cytoplasm of developing lens fibers which lost their ability to divide. The differences in the time of synthesis of alpha- and gamma-crystallins are, possibly, related to their different role in the process of lens fiber differentiation. PMID- 829153 TI - Regression of "hormone-independent" DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas in response to GP 48989 and its effects on hormone receptors. AB - GP 48 989 causes regression of DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas of spayed ("hormone-independent"), non spayed (approximately 5% "hormone-dependent") rats and of tumors which had become refractory to estradiol treatment. Since no binding to the cytoplasmic estradiol receptor after prolonged intramuscular treatment was found, the compound does not act as a classical anti-estrogen. PMID- 829156 TI - [Glycogen and glucose metabolism in the eye tissues of rabbits during development]. AB - The content of glycogen and glucose in tissues of the rabbit eye was shown to suffer marked changes during postnatal ontogenesis. The most pronounced changes occur during the first month of life (especially by the moment of appearance of sight). The activity of phosphorylase increased from birth till 6 months in all the eye tissues under study. The activity of glycogen synthetase decreased with the age, especially in the retina. The activity of hexose kinase increased in the retina almost 4 times and changed insignificantly in all other tissues during the period under study. PMID- 829157 TI - [Clinical evaluation of lactovagil]. PMID- 829158 TI - [Sorbent for purification of diamine oxidase by the method of affinity chromatography]. AB - A substrate of diamine oxidase hexamethylene diamine was covalently bound through adipinic acid dihydrazide to Sepharose 4B in order to prepare a sorbent for the purification of diamine oxidase by means of biospecific (affinity) chromatography. A method was developed to purify diamine oxidase from pig kidney cortex using the sorbent. The method, comprising three steps, yielded enzyme preparations with specific activity 2 000-fold higher than that of kidney homogenate. PMID- 829159 TI - Inactivation of neurohypophyseal hormones by colostrum and serum of human and other mammals. PMID- 829160 TI - Effects of cupric ions on the antitumour activity of diazoacetyl-glycine derivatives on the solid form of sarcoma 180 in mice. PMID- 829161 TI - Social behavior of juvenile rhesus monkeys after amygdalectomy in infancy. PMID- 829162 TI - Public policy issues raised by a medical breakthrough. PMID- 829163 TI - [Practice and problems of home transfer of mentally ill]. PMID- 829165 TI - [General trend in studies on endotoxins]. PMID- 829164 TI - [Effect of different doses of ionizing radiation on levels of endogenous growth regulators and polyphenol oxidase activity in plants after presowing irradiation of Vicia faba bean seeds]. PMID- 829166 TI - [Chemical and biological properties of the protein moiety of endotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 829167 TI - [Current status of fungl toxin studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 829168 TI - [Recent advance of studies on staphylococcal enterotoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 829169 TI - [Biosynthesis and function of diphtheria toxin and its related proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 829170 TI - [Histamine and D.A.O. activity on the uterus and placenta in pregnant rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 829172 TI - National health expenditures, calendar year 1974. PMID- 829171 TI - Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1975. PMID- 829173 TI - [Considerations on the importance of bacteriology in the current fight against tuberculosis in Spain]. PMID- 829174 TI - Host range of Sarcocystis orientalis. PMID- 829175 TI - Seroepidemiological survey of hospital-associated populations in Colombo, Sri Lanka. AB - Almost 1,500 sera from hospital-associated groups in Colombo, Sri Lanka were tested for antibodies against melioidosis, scrub typhus, influenza, and group B arboviruses. A low prevalence of antibodies was found against meliodosis and scrub typhus. Crude prevalence rates of more than 50% were encountered for antibodies against A influenza, and there was no apparent difference in rates when these were analysed according to age, sex, or ethnic background. Influenza B antibodies were more prevalent in older individuals. Antibodies against group B arboviruses were found in all groups tested, and were significantly more prevalent in older Tamils, who has estimated attack rates of more than 5% per year. PMID- 829177 TI - [Chagas' disease in the State of Yucatan, Mexico (transmission report)]. PMID- 829176 TI - [Chagas disease in Chiapas. Epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 829178 TI - Assignment of a human gene for tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase to chromosome 14 using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. AB - Human tryptophanyl-tRNA SYNTHETASE (Trp-RS, EC 6.1.1.2) can be separated from its mouse counterpart by Cellogel electrophoresis. Analysis of the presence or absence of human Trp-RS and other human enzyme markers in eleven independently dervied cell lines of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids revealed that the expression of Trp-RS is correlated with the expression of human nucleoside phosphorylase (NP, EC 2.4.2.1). The syntenic relationship between Trp-RS and NP permits the assignment of the structural gene for Trp-RS to human chromosome 14. Karyotype and isozyme analysis of these hybrid clones rules out other linkage assignments. PMID- 829180 TI - Pathogenesis of optic disc oedema in raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 829179 TI - Optic disc blood flow. AB - The optic disc blood flow has been measured in rhesus monkeys with interrupted retinal circulations by determining the half-time for clearance of hydrogen gas from the saturated tissue. The mean value of 24 measurements was 95-4 +/- 15-5 ml/min/100 g. Elevation of the intraocular pressure had little effect on the optic disc blood flow until approximately 40 mm Hg, when the blood flow rapidly decreased. There was a reactive hyperaemia when the intraocular pressure was returned to normal. PMID- 829181 TI - Evolution and early diagnosis of optic disc oedema in raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 829182 TI - [Cytological map of the terminal points of the asynapsis in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - A cytological map of the terminal points of the asynapsis (TPA) has been composed for X, 2 (L, R) and 3 (L, R) salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the third instar larvae of the wild type outbred line K-1 Drosophila melanogaster. TPA are distributed along the chromosome length unevenly forming "peaks". These peaks, as a rule, are situated in the intercalary heterochromotin. The coincidence of the main peaks with the regions of an increased crossing-over frequency is noticed. The preferential unidirectionless of termination is characteristic of TPA peaks; in the number of cases, the "discrimination" effect of asynapsises of definite lengths takes place. For the third chromosome, the frequency of simultaneous occurrence of asynapsises adjacent to the chromocenter is shown to exceed the frequency of an accidental combination. The centromeric region is not always, presumably, an obligatory board of the asynapsis, and the chromosome in the synapsis prosess can function as continuous. PMID- 829183 TI - [Detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin in unfertilized ova of albino rats]. AB - 500--700 rat oocytes were solubilized in 0.3--0.6 ml of 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) --0.06 tris-HCl, pH 6.7. The excess of SDS was removed in the form of unsoluble Ba2 (SDS) and the lysate was placed on the surface of 1% agarose microgel, performed in a glass capillar with the inner diameter 600 and the length of gel 7--8 nm. The microvolume (1.3 mcl) of monospecific antiserum against alpha1-human antitrypsin was placed on the opposite surface of the agarose gel. After 48 hours, the amount of microimmunoprecipitate was determined by staining the gel with Amido Black 10 B, followed by quantitative scanning using a double wave microspectrophotometer. The mean value of alpha1-antitrypsin was about 2.3+/-1.4 pcg per ovum. It is supposed that this antienzyme may terminate the "zone" and "cortical" reactions during the fertilization in mammals. PMID- 829185 TI - Inflation over? Not for health care costs. PMID- 829184 TI - An employer looks at health care costs. PMID- 829186 TI - Report from Washington: inflation in the health care industry. PMID- 829188 TI - [Economic evaluation of the system of control of swine plague in Great Britain]. PMID- 829187 TI - Regulation: can hospitals tame the paper work monster? PMID- 829189 TI - [Systematic classification of Toxoplasma, Haemosporidia and Piroplasma]. PMID- 829190 TI - [Resistance of Coccidia to anti coccidial agents]. PMID- 829191 TI - [Change in biogenic amine metabolism in botulin poisoning]. AB - An increase in content of serotonin, histamine, the elevated histaminase activity in tissues and an increase in excretion of 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid with urine were observed in experimental botulism, accompanied by paresis of sceletal muscles. As the paralysis progressed content of histamine gradually decreased in nervous tissue but it remained to be increased in the internal tissues although the histaminase activity was high. At the same time, content of serotonin was maintained at an increased level in the nervous tissue, but it was normalized in several internal organs. Excretion of 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid with urine was decreased. LD50 of botulinic toxin was titrated in mice, which were simultaneously administered with preparations increasing or decreasing the synthesis and the activity of biogenic amines. The data obtained suggest that the impairments in metabolism of biogenic amines could be important for development of the intoxication. PMID- 829192 TI - [Thiamine content and enzyme activity in blood cells in leukemia]. AB - Content of thiamine and activities of two enzymes were studied in blood cells of patients with various types of leukosis. In patients with acute leukemia content of thiamin was decreased in leucocytes and blood plasma. Content of vitamin B1 was increased in erythroid cells of peripheric blood in erythroleukosis. Administration of thiamin into some patients caused a distinct increase in its content in blood cells. The guanosine phosphorylase activity was higher in blood cells in leukosis as compared with control. The transketolase activity was not distinctly altered. PMID- 829193 TI - [Quantitative analysis of human blood serum proteins in normal state and in various surgical diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver]. AB - By means of radial immunodiffusion the quantitative content of blood serum proteins was studied in healthy persons and in patients with the following impairments:gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, carcinoma of the stomach, disease of the operated stomach, hepatic echinococcosis. In blood sera of healthy persons the patterns of the proteins studied were found within the limits of normal values reported by other investigators. As compared with the normal values distinct quantitative alterations were observed in content of proteins under the above-mentioned pathological states. PMID- 829195 TI - [Characteristics of the morphological changes in the placenta in rhesus incompatibility of the blood of mother and fetus]. PMID- 829196 TI - [Mutation process in man]. PMID- 829194 TI - [Biogenic amines in adaptation of the body to muscular activity]. AB - Alterations in content of histamine, serotonin and in the activity of diamine oxidase from brain, heart auricle, lungs and gastrocnemius muscle were found to have various directions in prolonged training (swimming) of rats. Content of histamine and serotonin was altered in lungs and, especially, in heart muscle; in brain and muscle tissues distinct alterations were not observed. Relative histaminemia was developed in heart auricle and lungs as demonstrated by the increase in content of histamine and by the decrease of the diamine oxidase activity in these tissues. Complete exhaustion of serotonin in heart auricle caused a distinct increase in the histamine-serotonin ratio. High effectiveness of retabolyle was shown in maintenance of histamine and serotonin metabolism under prolonged swimming. But when the animals swam with a load, content of serotonin was decreased in heart auricle even after administration of retabolyle. Adaptation of rats to the prolonged physical exercise (swimming) was apparently related to the compensatory function of an organism that was reflected in the studied mechanisms of trophotropic regulation. PMID- 829197 TI - Famine and the diet of the Enga. PMID- 829198 TI - A study of some genetic markers in the Bahawalpuris of Patiala, India. AB - ABO blood groups, secretor factor, Rh-factor, and PTC taste ability have been examined in 360 individuals of Bahawalpuri population of Patiala. B and O blood groups are more frequent (44.46% & 31.36% respectively). Frequency of secretors (84.72%) outweighs that of nonsecretors (15.28%). All the individuals have been found to belong to Rh--ve type. High incidence of nontasters (55.55%) has been seen. Genes r, Se, D, and t are found to be most frequent in the population. PMID- 829199 TI - Sarcocystis and related coccidian parasites: a brief general review, together with a discussion on some biological aspects of their life cycles and a new proposal for their classification. PMID- 829200 TI - [Immuno-taxonomic study of the genera Naegleria and Acanthomoeba (Protozoa: Amoebida)]. PMID- 829201 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative significance of the microbial flora in natural mineral waters during their bottling]. AB - On the basis of data reported in literature concerning the saprophytic bacterial flora of natural mineral waters bottled in glass or in PVC containers and in view of the results obtained during their own investigations, the AA. consider it impossible to establish a limit to the charge of bacterial flora in agar at 20 degrees C and believe that any possible proposal concerning rules limiting the bacterial charge at 37 degrees C requires more detailed study and preliminary controls. In any case, they propose to apply the strictest vigilance in excluding the presence of any sign whatever of fecal contamination or of potentially pathogenic bacterial types (f.i. P. aeruginosa) in all water samples; they also suggest to require that the performance of comparative tests be extended to the stages preceding bottling. Current experimental investigations reveal that the multiplying process seems to be accelerated and more protracted in time in waters bottled in PVC containers than in those kept in glass containers. PMID- 829202 TI - [Microbiological methods of mineral water analysis]. AB - The Spanish legislature has announced the required microbiological standards for bottled mineral waters. These requirements were the subject of "Decree 607/13th March 1975" and they are the following: -A total absence of parasites and pathogen microorganisms. -A total account of Fungus: absence in 100 ml. -A total account of coliforms: absence in 100 ml. -E. coli: entire absence in 100 ml. -A total account of Streptococcus, absence in 100 ml. -A total account of Clostridium sulphite reducing: absence in 100 ml. -A total absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 100 ml. Several technical methods which have been adopted in Spain for the microbiological investigation of mineral waters have been described. For the first time the Spanish legislation has specified the total absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mineral waters and techniques wich reveal the differentiation between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas by fluorescent pigments. The confirmation of diagnosis must be to carry out by the Director of National Reference Centre of Health. PMID- 829203 TI - Various taxo- and ecogroups of bacteria as index organisms for the enteric contamination of bottled waters: their significance and enumeration. AB - Bottled "still" waters may present bacterial and viral risks, particularly for compromised consumers and when stored for some length of time in opened containers. Therefore, bottling has to be supervised carefully and any sanitary deficiencies discovered, corrected immediately. When plants are thus controlled by a preventive system, bacteriological examination of samples will be warranted, whereas this is senseless, for mathematical reasons, in non-supervised bottling plants. A direct search for enteric pathogens is discouraged. Instead, detection of the entire Enterobacteriaceae group, P. aeruginosa and Lancefield group D streptococci, is advocated. Deficiencies of customarily used methods of detection of the coli-aerogenes group of bacteria are outlined. The need for resuscitation of cells of bacterial groups used as index organisms, debilitated by storage in bottled waters, before their inoculation into currently employed selective media is demonstrated. PMID- 829204 TI - [Criteria for the evaluation of hygienic and microbiologic characteristics of mineral waters]. AB - The appraisement of mineral waters microbial quality is closely depending of their definition: waters endowed with therapeutic properties, strongly mineralised waters, etc. In the beginning mineral water is exceptionally infected by dangerous germs tought it contain a regular load of some saprophytic microorganisms. Indeed, exploitation licences are reserved to geologically perfectly protected strata. On the other hand, there are contaminations which are due, most commonly, to the bottling procedures: packings, work-rooms atmospheres, staff, etc. This being so, evaluation tests must be largely extended with regard to those of feed water. We can distinguish between some bound to perfectly known real risks and some referred to more hypothetical and more suggested dangers. The first ones protect from fecal contaminations (Salmonella, coliforms, fecal Streptococci, sulphite-reducing Clostridium, fecal bacteriophages) and from cutaneous and mucous contaminations (pathogenic Staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). They must be supervised with the most extreme severity. The second ones are concerned with saprophytic oligotrophic germs. At the present time, their incidence on public health cannot be discussed on serious foundations. It is the same for amoebae's presence which seems frequent in all kinds of waters. These problems must form the subject of thorough researchers. PMID- 829205 TI - Microbiological characteristics of natural mineral water. AB - Natural, non-carbonated mineral water is, like every other natural water from a spring, never sterile. However, the microbial level is always very low. But after its bottling, the level rises rapidly and numbers of more than 10,000 to 100,000/ml can be reached. In principle 2 groups of bacteria of very different origin and properties can be found in the microbial flora of the bottled, non carbonated mineral water. Allochthonous bacteria will get into the water by contamination from the containers, closures, air or the bottling machines. They are mostly transitory as they cannot grow in a substrate with an extremely low nutritive level and die off more or less rapidly. From the hygienic point of view the permanently contaminating flora with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as main representative is more serious. These special gram-negative bacteria are oligocarbotolerant and can therefore multiply in the mineral water of extremely low nutrient level after a certain adaptation. Their effective bacteriological control is possible by colony counting with incubation at +37 degrees C but only just after bottling. The autochthonous microbial flora consists of psychrotrophic and of distinctly oligocarbophilic, mainly gram-negative bacteria such as Achromobacter, Flavobacteria, Pseudomonas as well as gram-positive Arthrobacter species. According to indirect experiences, this autochthonous microbial flora must be growing in the open system of the underground source and renew itself constantly. The bottling of the natural spring water implies a drastic environmental change from this open system into a closed one. Then the bacteria start multiplying more or less rapidly like in a batch culture. Main reason for this is the extension of the inners surface of the system. The multiplication of bacteria after bottling of a mineral water of extremely low nutrient level therefore is an entirely normal biological process. For this reason, limits of the aerobic colony count at +20 degrees C incubation for natural mineral water seem not to be justified. PMID- 829206 TI - Discussion paper: the immune status of the murine host bearing transplantable syngeneic growing tumors. PMID- 829207 TI - Tumor-associated immunosuppressive factors. PMID- 829208 TI - Discussion paper: the use of glutaraldehyde fixation for the study of the immune response to syngeneic tumor antigen. AB - We have been able to demonstrate that glutaraldehyde fixation of tumor cells or tumor cell membrane fragments protect syngeneic mice against the subsequent challenge with viable cells. To date we have not been able to detect any antibody against the tumor cells in animals so immunized. The specificity of the response is not complete, although a major component of the protective effect of glutaraldehyde-treated tumor cells is immunologically specific. PMID- 829210 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the merocyst and gametocytes of Hepatocystis spp. from Malaysian squirrels. AB - An immature merocyst of Hepatocystis malayensis and gametocytes of H. brayi were studied with the electron microscope. The merocyst consisted of a highly complex cytoplasmic reticulum ramifying through an amorphous matrix: the entire complex was enclosed by a simple unit membrane. The host cell was apparently destroyed completely during growth of the cyst. Immature gametocytes were highly amoeboid and showed extensive vacuolisation or attenuation of the cytoplasm. The nucleus contained one or two prominent nucleoli. Mature gametocytes had compact cytoplasm and contained pyriform osmiophilic bodies which were believed to function in the release of the parasites from the host cells. Macrogametocytes were distinguished from microgametocytes by cytoplasmic differences in numbers of ribosomes, and cristate mitochondria and in the extent of development of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The compact nuclei of the macrogametocytes had inconspicuous DNA but prominent nucleoli whereas those of the microgametocytes were irregular and showed a central aggregate of DNA. In microgametogenesis karyokinesis of the parent nucleus was delayed until axoneme formation was complete. Then the nuclear buds were extruded into emerging microgametes. At fertilisation the plasmalemmas of the two gametes fused and the single axoneme and nucleus of the microgamete moved into the cytoplasm of the macrogamete. PMID- 829209 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic diagrammatization of diabetic coma: presentation of 2 recent cases]. PMID- 829211 TI - [Oxytetracycline treatment of cows with long-standing brucellosis]. AB - Forty-five brucella infected cows were studied 15 to 30 days following abortion. Eighteen cows were slaughtered and autopsied for examination of Brucella in the organs and lymph nodes. The remaining 27 cows were treated during two and one half months and then slaughtered after undergoing a treatment with 0, 1, 2 or 3 intraperitoneal injections of oxytetracycline dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline. The treatment modified only slightly the natural evolution of antibody titers. The levels of infection were similar for all cows which received no treatment. Cows treated with oxytetracycline had less severe infection than the non treated animals and four were infection-free at slaughter. The level of infection of treated cows was independant of the treatment regime. The advantages of treating non pregnant cows to reduce the level of infection and risk of abortion were discussed. PMID- 829212 TI - The application of polyvalent horse immune sera for electroimmunodiffusion methods. AB - Horse immune sera do not give satisfactory results in immunochemical techniques based on electrophoresis of antigens through antibody-containing agarose gel. As the majority of precipitating horse antibodies belongs to the beta globulins, they migrate in the gel during electrophoresis. After enzymatic treatment the pepsin fragments work well in all electroimmunodiffusion methods. PMID- 829213 TI - Determination of the molecular weight of IgM by thin-layer chromatography combined with immunodiffusion in normal and pathological conditions. AB - An immunodiffusion method combined with thin-layer chromathography was elaborated for the assessment of the molecular weight of IgM. Sera from 100 normal individuals as well as from 162 patients with different types of paraproteinaemia, 100 patients with uveitis and 55 venous umbilical cord sera were analysed. Presence of 75 IgM, besides the usual 19S IgM was detected in 21% of the normal sera, in 27% of the paraproteinaemic sera, in 30% of the uveitic sera and in 5.4% of venous umbilical cord sera. IgM level in the sera was determined by radial immunodiffusion. The authors didn't find correlation between the presence of 7S IgM and different levels of IgM. PMID- 829214 TI - Alpha-chain disease and related small-intestinal lymphoma. Report of a WHO meeting of investigators. PMID- 829216 TI - Boards are the buffer. PMID- 829215 TI - The real health issue--cost containment. PMID- 829217 TI - A particulate arachidonate lipoxygenase in human blood platelets. PMID- 829218 TI - Inhibition of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate - homocysteine transmethylase by a vitamin B12-antimetabolite. PMID- 829220 TI - [Clinical and fundamental considerations on hereditary metabolic metabolic defects]. PMID- 829219 TI - [Multiplicity of mitochondrial monoamine exidases and ways of selective blocking of the enzyme activity]. AB - Problems on multiple forms of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases are considered. Possible nature of monoamine oxidase isoenzymes and its A and B forms is discussed. Substrates specificity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and the importance of amine chemical structure for the enzyme activity is examined. The data on the structure of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase active center and the presence in it of several regions responsible for amine binding are analyzed. The nature of these regions is discussed. New approaches to selective blocking of the activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase are considered on the basis of the hypothesis given on the mechanism of substrate and inhibitor interaction with the enzyme. PMID- 829221 TI - Are oral contraceptives and diethylstilbestrol (tdes) involved in sex-linked cancer? PMID- 829222 TI - The randomized clinical trial: a prerequisite for rational therapy. AB - The results of non-randomized clinical trials in urological cancer are often contradictory because of the selection of patients which is usually biased. Such data cannot be used for planning a logical therapy for the future patients. In urological cancer, radomized controlled trials are few. Moreover, antimitotic chemotherapy has not been adequately tried. PMID- 829223 TI - EORTC randomized trial for the adjuvant therapy of T1 bladder carcinoma. AB - A randomized clinical trial was designed by the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) to compare the disease-free interval, the degree of malignancy of recurrence and the 5-year survival rate in stage I papillary carcinoma of the bladder after TUR only, and after TUR followed either by local thiotepa or by local VM 26 chemotherapy. PMID- 829225 TI - Bacterial flora of the healthy skin in children. AB - The normal bacterial flora of the skin of 100 healthy children was studied in a paediatric practice with regard to the germ spectrum and the resistance constellation, by means of abrasion skin samples taken from the upper part of the back. Staphylococcus albus was by far the most predominant bacteria, followed by Sarcina bacteria and Corynebacteria. The high degree of pervasion of this physiological cutaneous flora with antibiotic-resistant strains increases the suspicion that in the case of florid bacterial skin infections in children, subsequent to traumatic or inflammatory changes of the integument, the antibiotic resistance of the normal resident flora can be transferred to the pathogenic flora. In view of the endemic resistance of pathogenic and saprobic strains of bacteria against practically all antibiotics at present used in paediatric practice, it is to be urgently recommended that instead of antibiotics topical braod-spectrum antimicrobial agents (antiseptics), e.g. clioquinol, triclosan, etc., should preferably be used. PMID- 829224 TI - Malnutrition in early childhood and some of its later effects at individual and community levels. PMID- 829226 TI - Regulating vitamins and minerals. PMID- 829227 TI - Strengthening drug manufacturing practices. PMID- 829228 TI - Soft contact lenses. PMID- 829229 TI - X-ray scans: getting a clearer picture. PMID- 829230 TI - Pseudomonas: the compromised host. PMID- 829231 TI - The augmentation of antibody responses by preliminary intrabursal priming in the chicken. AB - Direct injection of antigen into bursal tissue of young chickens followed by subsequent intravenous immunization markedly stimulated agglutinin production against Brucella abortus. In contrast, preliminary intravenous immunization did not produce stimulation. The promoting effect of intrabursal injection was antigen-specific. Antigen injection into the bursa reduced the extent to which subsequent bursectomy suppresses the immune response. Bursa cells from young chickens which had been injected with antigen intrabursally were active in transferring the ability to give a secondary response to B. abortus when injected into bursectomized-irradiated chickens. The cells derived from chickens primed intravenously or from normal chickens were inactive. The implant of bursa cells from the 18-day-old chickens which had been injected with antigen intrabursally or intravenously at 11 days of age showed a promoting effect in restoring the ability to give secondary responses to both of B. abortus and Salmonella pullorum as compared with that of the implant of the bursa cells from unimmunized donors. These findings are discussed in relation to the existence of precursor cells that can respond to the antigen with a potential to enhance the antibody response to subsequent antigenic stimuli but are not yet mature enough to produce the antibody. PMID- 829233 TI - Profits in medicine: the business of health is business. PMID- 829232 TI - Lunarperiodic variation of the phase-angle difference in nocturnal animals under natural Zeitgeber-conditions near the equator. AB - Several months' studies under natural illumination conditions in the vicinity of the equator show that night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), and leaf-nosed bats (Artibeus lituratus) exhibit species-specific lunarperiodic changes of the phase position of their activity rhythm to the Zeitgeber rhythm (Figures 1-3). These changes are closely to nightly illumination conditions. In Aotus the phase-angle differences (p.a.ds) of the onset and end of the activity phase, and in Artibeus the p.a.ds of the midpoint and end of the activity phase are significantly dependent upon the phases of the moon. In the African fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus, and in the leaf-nosed bat Phyllostomus hastatus no statistically significant lunarperiodic changes of the p.a.ds could be detected. These results cannot be explained by means of current models concerning the mechanism of synchronisation of biological oscillation. They appear to be, instead, expressions of a periodic masking of the real phase-position due to direct effects of light intensity on the level of activity which which itself is determined by the circadian rhythm. Aschoff's rule, which states that the earlier a species or an individual awakes the later it terminates its daily phase of activity, is partly confirmed for the nocturnal mammals examined in the present study. PMID- 829234 TI - Dear David, don't decide on dentistry, love, Dad! PMID- 829235 TI - Oral pathology: a survey of lesions biopsied by practitioners of Connecticut. PMID- 829236 TI - The President's perspectives. PMID- 829237 TI - The evaluation of a typical facial pain in a patient with rhematoid disease and its sequaelae. PMID- 829239 TI - Introducing the secretary of the Association, Robert M. Bernert, D.D.S., F.A.C.D. PMID- 829238 TI - Current concepts of functional occlusal rehabilitation. PMID- 829241 TI - Addendum: guiding principles for dentist-pharmacist relationships in Connecticut. PMID- 829240 TI - Introducing the treasurer of the Association, James B. Rubin, D.D.S., F.I.C.D. PMID- 829258 TI - Data gathering systems in evaluation and research. PMID- 829259 TI - CT scanning in tumoral pathology of the skull base and facial mass. PMID- 829260 TI - [A case of ossifying fibroma of the maxilla]. PMID- 829261 TI - Membrane protein alterations during the early stages of sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 829262 TI - Effect of Intal on the fibrinolytic activity of the nasal secretion in patients with allergic rhinitis. PMID- 829263 TI - [Cassette phantom with self-contained detectors for the control of the accelerator dosage field]. AB - A magazine with autonomous detectors is proposed to exercize control over the betatron dose field. The number of detector and their disposition in the magazine are determined by the required volume of information. The magazine for detectors is an assembly of plexiglas plates. The ways of fixing the magazine in place and procedures followed in controlling the dose field are described. PMID- 829265 TI - Surface properties of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa possessing R-factor mediated resistance to gentamicin. AB - The surface properties of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are sensitive to gentamicin are markedly different from those which are resistant to gentamicin. Cells of four out of five strains in which gentamicin-resistance is R-factor mediated have electrokinetic properties characteristic of gentamicin-sensitive cells. The surface properties of transconjugant strains are indistinguishable from those of the original acceptor strain. Cells of the remaining R-factor donor strain (which transferred very low gentamicin-resistance) exhibited surface properties characteristic of gentamicin-resistant cells. Gentamicin-resistance in cells of this strain is thus the result of at least two different mechanisms. The results are discussed in terms of possible alternative mechanisms of resistance. PMID- 829264 TI - [Significence of the anatomical constitution of the tip of the left ventricle in the pathology of that region during myocardiopathies in Brazil]. PMID- 829266 TI - A comparison of three commercially available antiseptics against opportunist gram negative pathogens. AB - Two test methods, a skin replica test and the Kelsey Sykes test have been used to compare the efficacy of three antiseptics against three Gram-negative micro organisms in an attempt to select the most suitable. The results of both tests showed that an antiseptic containing added ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was superior to the other two. The skin test showed that this superiority was apparent in both the immediate and the persistant bactericidal activity of the antiseptic towards all three Gram-negative micro-organisms. PMID- 829267 TI - Distribution of group D streptococci in rivers and streams. AB - A study was undertaken to determine sources of bacteriological contamination of rivers as well as the ecology of faecal streptococci in natural and contaminated waters. Media used to characterize and speciate group D streptococci were also evaluated using isolates from the water and sediment. Due to the low concentrations of faecal coliforms (FC) and faecal streptococci (FS) in river water samples, the FC/FS ratio was shown to be of little value in determining sources of contamination. High concentrations of FC and FS from sediment samples gave more credible FC/FS ratios. The actual distribution of group D streptococcal species in rivers and streams was also shown. High concentrations of all division II species (S. faecium, S. faecium var. casseliflavus, and S. faecium var. durans) were found in the water and sediment samples, with S. faecium var. durans comprising 50% of the total number of isolates. Low concentrations of division I group D streptococci (S. faecalis and varieties) were found, while only one isolation of division III group D streptococci (S. bovis and S. equinus) was made. PMID- 829269 TI - On cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses. PMID- 829268 TI - RNA content in the neurons and glia of the hypothalamic nuclei after intermittent cooling. PMID- 829270 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of the intensified campaign against smallpox in India. PMID- 829271 TI - Cost-effectiveness analysis of the intensified campaign against smallpox in India. PMID- 829272 TI - Medical care for the rural people and its relationship with income and educational levels. PMID- 829273 TI - [Functional activity of the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster in the course of metamorphosis: a comparative electrophoretic analysis of the proteins of the salivary glands, fat body and hemolymph]. AB - The proteins of the salivary gland secretion at the moment of puparium formation and the protein composition of the salivary glands, fat-body and hemolymph during the III larval instar and 12 hours prepupal period were investigated by means of electrophoresis in polyacrilamide gel, in the presence of urea. Both the qualitative and quantitative differences in the protein composition of the salivary glands were found which appeared to be due to the change of functions of the salivary glands in the process of development. 69 protein fractions were isolated in the salivary gland secretion, 40 of them being PAS-positive. A correlation was noted between the appearance of the first PAS-positive fractions at the stage of 95-100 hrs (from the moment of egg laying) and the cytological demonstration of PAS-positive secretion granules. New glycoproteins appeared in the salivary glands in prepupae (2 hrs after the puparium formation) and, later, in the hemolymph. A complicated pattern of the secretion formation in the salivary glands of the III instar larvae and possible change of its composition during metamorphosis are discussed. PMID- 829274 TI - [Correlation of active and inactive forms of phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase in the liver of the developing chick embryo]. AB - The marked changes in the activity and ratio of the active and inactive forms of glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase were found in the liver of developing chick embryo. The activity of phosphorylase increased in the liver from the 8th day of incubation till the end of embryogenesis. The practically complete activation of the inactive form of this enzyme was noted in the end of embryogenesis. The activity of glycogen synthetase in the liver increased till the 17th day of incubation and sharply decreased more than 6 times thereafter. The maximum of the active form of glycogen synthetase (1/3 of total activity) was noted on the 17th day as well. The changes in the content of glycogen synthetase in the liver are synchronized with those in the activity and ratio of the active and inactive forms of glycogen synthetase. The role of changes in the concentration of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in the control of ratio of the active and inactive forms of enzymes of glycogen metabolism is discussed. PMID- 829275 TI - [Local cambial zones in the brain of mammals in the postnatal period]. AB - On the basis of both the authors' and published data, the structure and morphogenetic functions are analyzed for two zones of mammal brain during postnatal period: fascia dentata of hippocampus and cerebellar cortex. A conclusion is drawn that the local cambial zones arise in those brain regions which acquire in the process of morphogenesis a high degree of spatial separation from the ventricular zone. The main function of the cambial zones in question is the formation of a large number of microneurons during postnatal period. PMID- 829276 TI - Neurophysiological characterization of the anterolateral spinal cord neurons contributing to pain perception in man. AB - These studies have examined threshold, frequency, and refractory period characteristics of a neural population in the anterolateral quandrant (ALQ) of the spinal cord of man, stimulation of which produces pain. Subjects were 18 conscious humans undergoing percutaneous anterolateral cordotomy for relief of intractable pain. Pain could be produced by ALQ stimulation in all subjects. Pain thresholds ranged from 120 to 1000 muA (at 50 pulses/sec; 0.2 msec pulses), but the majority of thresholds were below 300 muA. A linear relationship was found between stimulation frequency and percentage of subjects reporting pain. This relationship ranged from 5 to 25 pulses/sec with 100% reporting pain at 25/sec and 0% at 5/sec. In 2 of 3 subjects, increases in stimulation frequency up to 500/sec did not produce pain when stimulation intensity was below threshold at 50/sec. The neuronal refractory period for pain in these subjects ranged between 1.0 and 2.0 msec, but the majority of relative refractory periods fell between 1.0 and 1.5 msec. The threshold, frequency, and refractory period data obtained in this study are similar to those found for wide dynamic range cells in the ventral half of the dorsal horn in the monkey and suggest that activation of these cells is a sufficient condition to produce pain in man. PMID- 829277 TI - Neurophysiological characterization of the anterolateral quadrant neurons subserving pain in M. mulatta. AB - An electrophysiological analysis has been made of 82 L7 dorsal horn neurons antidromically activated from the contralateral C1 anterolateral quadrant (ALQ) of unanesthetized rhesus monkeys (bilateral carotid ligation). This analysis was made to compare refractory periods and antidromic activation thresholds with these same parameters of ALQ stimulation required to produce pain in conscious humans. Refractory periods of laminae IV-VI cells that were optimally but not exclusively responsive to noxious skin stimulation ranged from 0.8 to 2.8 msec (m = 1.5) and were briefer than those of lamina I cells. The latter ranged from 1.1 to 10 msec (m = 4.7 msec). Electrical thresholds of laminae IV-VI cells were, in general, much lower than those of lamina I cells. Unlike lamina I cells, refractory periods and electrical thresholds of laminae IV-VI nociceptive neurons closely parallel those of ALQ-evoked pain in man. However, both lamina I and laminae IV-VI neurons usually responded to nociceptive skin temperatures (greater than 43 degrees C). This analysis indicates that pain may be signaled by the combined output of dorsal horn laminae I and IV-VI but that activation of only laminae IV-VI wide dynamic range neurons is sufficient to produce pain. PMID- 829278 TI - Neuroanatomical substrates of nociception in the spinal cord. PMID- 829280 TI - [Dynamic study of the excretory function of the liver before and after combined therapy with calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and adenosine triphosphoric acid]. AB - The excretory function of the liver, impaired as the result of lead intoxication is followed up in dynamics in a series of 100 intoxicated men. Depending on the degree of lead induced lesions in the organism, degree of liver excretory function impairment and therapeutical policy adopted, the cases under study are divided up into three groups, as follows: group I--therapeutically treated with CaNa2 EDTA; group II--therapeutically treated with ATP and group III- therapeutically treated with CaNa2 EDTA and ATP. A favourable influence on the excretory function of the liver is recorded only in the group subjected to complex treatment with CaNa2 EDTA plus ATP. PMID- 829281 TI - The nutritional implications of changes in pre-packed mushrooms stored under optimum conditions [proceedings]. PMID- 829279 TI - [Tissue oxygenation and tissue hypoxia in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The-Polarographic method was applied to the study of free oxygen tension (PO2) in the subcutaneous cellular tissue and the muscle of the arm in 104 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus without any concomitant pathology of the lungs and in 25 healthy persons. At the period of decompensation of diabetes mellitus (in the patients without any concomitant diseases of the lungs) PO2 was decreased in the subcutaneous cellular tissue by the average of 42% in comparison with the norm, and in the skeletal muscle of the arm--by 38%. The most frequently (and more significant) was tissue hypoxia in complicated diabetes, particularly in ketacidosis. Effective treatment led to an elevation of PO2 in the tissues of the great majority of the patients; in some of the patients it became normal. PMID- 829282 TI - The significance of the 'free' folate content of foods is questioned [proceedings]. PMID- 829283 TI - Malnutrition and impaired immune response to infection. AB - The cycle of events which leads to an impairment of the immune response in the malnourished child includes poverty, food deprivation and frequent infections. It is of great significance, however, that the marked suppression of the immune response can be repaired reasonably promptly, if the disease commences after the child has attained 1 year of age. Prenatal infection not only generates growth retardation but also a higher maternal to foetal IgG ratio, higher IgM in the neonate and a sustained immune depression. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis measurements in the baboon skin and specific IgE determinations reveal that the elevated IgE in PEM is due to parasitic infestation and common allergens and has little or no relationship with decreased T-cell function. PMID- 829284 TI - Underfeeding and overfeeding and their clinical consequences. PMID- 829285 TI - Infection, nutrition and growth in a rural African environment. PMID- 829286 TI - [Immunologic aspects of plasmapheresis in series of Rh negative pregnant women]. PMID- 829287 TI - [Morquio's syndrome]. PMID- 829288 TI - [Clinico-statistical evaluation of Rh incompatibility in relation to the ABO group and preventive methods in 1973 in the Obstetrical-Gynecological Department of the Ospedale di Livorno]. PMID- 829290 TI - Neovascularization of the retina. PMID- 829289 TI - Intrachromosomal gene mapping in man: assignment of nucleoside phosphorylase to region 14cen leads to 14q21 by interspecific hybridization of cells with a t(X;14) (p22;q21) translocation. AB - The structural gene for purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) has been assigned to a subregion of chromosome 14 by somatic cell hybridization of male and female cells containing the balanced translocation t(X;14) (p22;q21). Peripheral lymphocytes were fused to a pseudodiploid HPRT-deficient established Chinese hamster cell line. 23 primary hybrid clones (10 derived from male and 13 from female cells) were isolated and maintained in HAT selective medium. Parallel subcultures from generations 16, 24, and 40 after clonal isolation were fully karyotyped and analyzed electrophorectically for expression of the human types of NP, HPRT, G6PD, and PGK. The human NP phenotype segregated discordantly with each human chromosome except chromosome 14 and the der(14),t(X;14) translocation chromosome. In all, 8 hybrids which had retained the der(X), t(X;14) translocation chromosome under HAT selective pressure and expressed human HPRT had lost the human NP phenotype. These results indicate localization of the NP gene in region 14pter leads to 14q21. PMID- 829291 TI - Ganglioside storage disorders: recent advances. PMID- 829292 TI - Magnocellular neurosecretory pathways in the monkey. Immunohistochemical studies of the normal lesioned hypothalamus using antibodies to oxytocin, vasopressin, and neurophysins. PMID- 829293 TI - Limb trajectories after cerebellar ablation and deafferentation in the monkey. PMID- 829294 TI - Cerebral-cerebellar paroxysmal activity. PMID- 829295 TI - The long-term effects of combining carbidopa with levodopa for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 829296 TI - Cerebellar connections to catecholamine systems: anatomical and biochemical studies. PMID- 829297 TI - Metabolic anatomy of focal motor seizures. PMID- 829298 TI - Pseudotuberculosis in the Antwerp Zoo. AB - During the last five years (1970-1974) 42 cases of pseudotuberculosis were diagnosed among the Antwerp Zoo animals. The prevalence of disease, and the distribution frequency of gross lesions in the visceral organs were studied. The susceptibility of different animals and the influence of some factors to the disease are discussed. It demonstrates that Y. pseudotuberculosis, and particularly its two serotypes I and II, constitutes the principal causative agent. Pseudotuberculosis is found to be highly prevalent in cold season. PMID- 829300 TI - [Dietary behavior and digestive diseases]. AB - The influence of alimentation on the digestive pathology is very important. In this report the authors review the principal results of epidemiologic studies and animals experimentations. According to this survey of the literature it can be stated that some presumptions exist for: -- the responsibility of diet without vegetal fibers in the frequency of constipation, colonic divercitular disease, piles and hiatal hernia. The comparison of the alimentary habits in the western Europe with rural Africa is very instructive on that matter; -- the responsibility of alcohol consumption, use of hypercaloric regimen and hyperlipidic ingestats as causative factors for chronic pancreatitis; -- the importance of an hypercaloric, hyperlipidic and low residue regimen as etiologic factors in biliary gallstones; -- the role of denutrition and alcoholism in liver steatosis and cirrhosis in developed country; -- more important, perhaps, is the suspicion of the role of nutrition in the development of digestive cancer: alcohol will facilitate oesophageal cancer, alimentary nitrites gastric cancer meanwhile fiberless regimen and biles salts will promote colonic cancer. Impairments of nutrition observed after digestive resections in case of inappropriate alimentation are also analyzed as well as the principal alimentary disturbances related to allergy or enzymatic deficiency. PMID- 829302 TI - [Attempt at evaluation of health expenditures in Belgium in 1975]. PMID- 829301 TI - Killed vaccine in adjuvant and protection of mice against an intraperitoneal challenge of Brucella: kinetic studies. AB - CD-I female mice were immunized with a subcutaneous injection of heat-inactivated Brucella melitensis (strain 53 H 38) incorporated into a water-in-oil emulsion. One month later, the effectiveness of this immunization was investigated by studying quantitatively in the spleen the fate of an intraperitoneal challenge inoculum of approximately I X 10(6) viable B. abortus strain 544. In unvaccinated mice, the number of viable challenge bacteria increased until about the 10th day, decreased and then remained at a nearly constant level. In animals vaccinated with a suitable dose of inactivated Brucella in adjuvant, the number of challenge organisms decreased on the first two days, then increased, but remained at a lower level than that found in control animals; the spleens of control animals reached higher weights than those of vaccinated ones. The effect of graduated doses of challenge on immunized mice was investigated: the splenic infection diminished sooner when the challenge dose was weaker. The findings are discussed in relation to the methods used to test the potency of Brucella vaccines. PMID- 829304 TI - [Resistance "in vitro" to several antibiotics of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" strains isolated both in cases from the hospital and in cases from the outside. Considerations on the differences in the resistance between the two groups (author's transl)]. AB - The sensibility of Ps. aeruginosa strains to several antibiotics has been tested in vitro. The strains have been divided into two groups: a group of 42 cases from the Hospital and a group of 31 cases from the outside. Then the percentage of resistance to each antibiotic of the cases in both groups has been calculated, and so has the significance of the differences between the percentages, whenever a difference has been found out. The strains from the Hospital have proved to be significantly more resistant to Rifampicin and to Nalidixic acid, whereas the strains from the outside have shown greater resistance to Humatin, with a semi significant difference however. All the other differences between percentages haven't proved to be significant. PMID- 829303 TI - [Observations on the relation between blood groups ABO and RH and the asymptomatic HBAg carrier state (author's transl)]. PMID- 829306 TI - [Research on the immunosuppressive activity of rifampicin]. AB - The AA. confirm the influence of rifampicin on delayed hypersensitivity phenomena determining its interference on the tuberculin reaction in guinea-pigs sensitized with Freund's adjuvant. In this experimental model rifampicin, either administered during the whole period of sensitization or for shorter periods or even only at the moment of challenge, inhibits the delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Also in man the evolution of citologic reactions connected with PPD stimulation in tuberculous tuberculine-positive patients, studied by the "skin window" method, is modified by a continuous treatment with rifampicin: particularly an inhibition of mononuclear reaction is evident. PMID- 829305 TI - [Study on the sensibility "in vitro" to antibiotics of 77 strains of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (author's transl)]. AB - It has been studied the sensibility in vitro to antibiotics of 77 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various biological materials derived from sheltered patients. The best results have been obtained with colistin, carbenicillin and gentamicin which have done inhibition respectively in 80.5%, 70.1% and 50.6% of the strains. PMID- 829308 TI - Is medical education a stone of Sisyphus? PMID- 829307 TI - Metatropic dwarfism and its variants. PMID- 829309 TI - Medical necessity project. PMID- 829310 TI - Medical costs--our common dilemma. PMID- 829311 TI - Fracture of an ossific mass in the Achilles tendon. PMID- 829313 TI - Technology and dollars. PMID- 829312 TI - Decrease and increase in residual ridges after extraction of teeth in monkeys (part II). PMID- 829314 TI - Surface area of the Taiwan monkey. AB - The surface areas of seven Taiwan monkeys were determined by applying the plastic tape on sheard skin. The equation, surface area (cm2) = 13.5 (body weight (g) 2/3 was found to describe adequately the relationship between the body weight and body surface area of the Taiwan monkeys ranging from 2.58 to 7.5 kg. The relative distribution of total body surface area among four regions selected fro the calculation of a mean skin temperature in the Taiwan monkeys was also determined. From the data a simple equation for calculating the mean skin temperature (Tsk) of the Taiwan monkeys was derived using four measured skin temperatures. The equation is Tsk = 043.Ttrunk+0.36Tlimb+0.07Ttail+0.14Tfoot. PMID- 829315 TI - Extrahypothalamic heat gain responses in the decerebrate and spinal monkey. AB - In the present study it was found in Taiwan rock-monkeys as well as in cats and squirrel monkeys, that heat gain thermoregulatory mechanisms were activated after destruction of connection from the hypothalamus to the brain stem and/or spinal cord. The findings suggest that heat gain physiological mechanisms could be represented and re-represented at different levels of neuraxis: hypothalamus, brain stem and spinal cord. This concept was supported by the fact that the three levels have their own thermoresponsive cells and the cells of one level can act independently or in an integrated manner with those of the other levels. Therefore, this study would be a good model for future research to determined in physiological and behavior complexities of the multiple representation of thermoregulatory mechanisms. PMID- 829316 TI - Independent centers reduce OP surgery cost. PMID- 829317 TI - Health care for elderly showed bigger rise in '74. PMID- 829318 TI - Court of Appeals gives green light to Maryland's health cost commission. PMID- 829319 TI - Views: custodial care under Medicare. PMID- 829321 TI - Cummins Engine uses time-sharing computer to help in paying health coverage claims. PMID- 829320 TI - Conn. report foretells Health Planning Act's power to control costs. PMID- 829322 TI - Rehabilitation is practical addition to corporate benefits, Welch tells BPAI. PMID- 829324 TI - T-H fund administrator urges health care savings; believes benefits should not be CPI-linked. PMID- 829323 TI - Record 1975 health costs 13.9% higher than in 1974. PMID- 829326 TI - Significant events in the first decade of Medicare. PMID- 829325 TI - NAIC draws up model health care bill; would create uniform practices body. PMID- 829327 TI - Rising health costs - what to do about them. PMID- 829329 TI - Controls urged on top Rx pain drug. PMID- 829328 TI - Private ambulances. PMID- 829330 TI - Informing patients about estrogens. PMID- 829331 TI - Stroma-free haemoglobin solution for infusion: changes during storage. AB - The stability of experimental haemoglobin solution for infusion (HSI) was investigated during one year storage at temperatures 20 degrees to 25 degrees C, 4 degrees C, -8 degrees to -12 degrees C, and -195.8 degrees C, respectively. Main attention was devoted to the formation of precipitate, oxidation to haemiglobin and general changes in the absorption spectrum between 550 and 650 nm. Changes were almost negligible in HSI samples stored in the frozen state. This procedure now seems the most feasible to keep the HSI injectable for at least one year. Storage at 4 degrees C led to a marked increase of haemiglobin and to changes of the absorption spectrum. Storage at 20 degrees to 25 degrees C caused profound changes of all parameters tested. Addition of EDTA, ascorbic acid or glutathione, or storage in N2 atmosphere under the given conditions failed to increase the stability of HSI. Storage of HSI samples at pH values between 7.0 and 7.8 led to similar results. PMID- 829332 TI - Kinetics of immunoglobulin G in plasmapheresis of non-immunized and immunized donors. AB - The balance of immunoglobulins G has been studied during plasmapheresis in donors immunized and non-immunized with D antigen. For 42 days, the life-span of IgG, rhythmical withdrawal of plasma was carried out. During the procedure, 50% or 100% of the extracellular IgG was lost. A rhythmic loss of IgG amounting to double its production is the upper limit which can still sufficiently be compensated by the organism. PMID- 829334 TI - A home away from home. PMID- 829333 TI - Spontaneously occurring agglutinins in primate sera. II. Their classification and implications for the mechanism of antibody formation. AB - Spontaneously occurring agglutinins in animal sera are shown to fall into several categories, namely, 1. cold-reactive agglutinins; these often are nonspecific and act as autoagglutinins, 2. agglutinins reactive at room as well as refrigerator temperatures; these, like cold agglutinins, are usually IgM immunoglobulins which may be species-specific in their activity, or type-specific, notably, like anti-A and anti-B and 3. agglutinins reactive at body temperature, usually IgG immunoglobulins, and most often due to maternofetal incompatibility and transplacental immunization of the mother by fetal red cells. The naturally occurring cold autoantibodies are physiologic in nature and appear to be the raw materials for antibody production. This is postulated to be adaptive in nature by enzyme action, through in part genetically determined, as evidenced by the so called constant polypeptide sections of the immunoglobulin molecules. PMID- 829335 TI - Fuelling the kitchen: gas. PMID- 829336 TI - Maxpax at Solihull Hospital--a case history. PMID- 829337 TI - Convenience foods in hospitals. PMID- 829338 TI - The National Health Service--two important speeches. 1. Mr. David Ennal's recent lecture to the Oxford Medical Society. PMID- 829339 TI - The National Health Service--two important speeches. 2. Speech by Sidney Hamburger, CBE, JP, Chairman of the North-western RHA, at the opening of an animal study course for members of health authorities. PMID- 829340 TI - The Collier Report--buying for the National Health Service: manufacturers' views. PMID- 829342 TI - The Collier Report--buying for the National Health Service: views of an area supplies officer. PMID- 829341 TI - The Collier Report--buying for the National Health Service: comments on the report. PMID- 829343 TI - Nursing at home. PMID- 829344 TI - An efficient messenger service. PMID- 829345 TI - Federal spending, regulations dominate AHA annual meeting. PMID- 829347 TI - The choice between centralized and decentralized unit-dose drug distribution. PMID- 829351 TI - Biodegradable ceramic as a bone implant material. PMID- 829352 TI - Diagnosis please. PMID- 829354 TI - [A case report of bone formation during delayed bone graft procedure after mandibulectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 829355 TI - Effects of anesthesia level and stimulus characteristic on the amplitude and latency of the somatosensory evoked response in monkeys. AB - The effect on the somatosensory evoked response (SER) of the level of anesthesia, and the effect of the site, intensity, duration, and frequency of the stimulus on the amplitude and latency of various components of the SER were studied in 8 Rhesus monkeys. Peroneal nerve stimulation produced similar patterns over both sides of the head, with a slightly larger amplitude over the contralateral cortex. With ulnar nerve stimulation, significantly different patterns were observed over the contralateral and ipsilateral cortex; however, the former still had a slightly larger amplitude. The latency of the various components in the SER's was not influenced by the level of anesthesia or by the intensity, duration, or frequency of the stimulus. As the level of anesthesia decreased, there was a general increase in amplitude of the SER's with peroneal nerve stimulation and no consistent change with ulnar nerve stimulation. The amplitudes of the SER increased with the increase in stimulus intensity or duration, and with a decrease in stimulus frequency. PMID- 829356 TI - Mono component insulin and its use in insulin induced lipoatrophy. PMID- 829357 TI - A study of protein clearances in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - In 37 patients of nephrotic syndrome, serum protein levels, protein fractions and urinary levels of proteins and their fractions were determined. The findings of serum levels of proteins and their fractions were compared with an equal number of age and sex matched controls. Twenty three patients showed selective and 14 non-selective proteinuria. Most of the patients with selective proteinuria showed good response to steroids therapy while those with non-selective proteinuria did not respond. PMID- 829359 TI - Acute hepatic vein thrombosis in a patient with Behcet's disease. PMID- 829358 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone in pregnancy urine. AB - Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is characterised primarily by luteinizing and luteotrophic activity. The presence of a certain amount of HCG in urine of women is the basis for a number of pregnancy tests and its content is diagnostic in evaluation of foeto-placental health during pregnancy, indicative of safe normal pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, threatened abortions and many other trophoblastic diseases such as hydatidiform mole and ectopic pregnancy. In this investigation attempts have been made to evaluate HCG in full term gestation, to determine the fiducial limits in order to avoid individual error of excretion of HCG and subsequently to correlate the levels with various disorders occurring during abnormal pregnancy. PMID- 829360 TI - Laboratory assessment of thyroid disorders - which test should be used? AB - There are a variety of laboratory investigations which have been used in the assessment of thyroid function and it is obvious that not all of these tests can be used on each occasion. Which, therefore, provides the best diagnostic index? Each test is designed to assess a particular aspect of the thyroid gland and it is often not possible to select a single test as an ideal and exclude the others. The data presented in this paper indicate the advantages of using a combination of various procedures as a screening profile to cover all thyroid abnormalities. The results of several thyroid tests accumulated over the past five years are critically examined to assess their diagnostic value separately and in selected groups. Introduction. PMID- 829361 TI - Effect of combined use of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. PMID- 829362 TI - [Calcium, pancreatic secretion and pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The concentration of calcium in the pancreatic juice is lower than in plasma. Two calcium fractions occur in the juice, the one associated with the enzyme protein and the other entering the juice via diffusion. In chronic pancreatitis the calcium concentration of the juice is increased in post-secretin periods. Hypercalcemia stimulates enzyme secretion and elevates calcium concentration in the juice. Hypocalcemia inhibits secretion of enzymes and fluid. Calcium is an important mediator substance for the secretion of pancreatic hydrolases at the intracellular level. In primary hyperparathyroidism with chronic hypercalcemia the prevalence of acute and chronic pancreatitis is 10--12 times higher than in normal population. In chronic pancreatitis caused by alcoholism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic protein deficiency without alcoholism calcifying duct stones are seen in the pancreas in high frequency. PMID- 829363 TI - Volunteers as relationship therapists for institutionalized geriatric patients. AB - In a three year demonstration project we trained non-professional volunteers to carry out relationship therapy with emotionally disturbed geriatric patients at Levindale, a long-term-care old age home and chronic disease hospital. This was part of an overal program to create a therapeutic milieu in the institution which would oppose the disculturation, stripping processes. The selection and training program are described. The results with the volunteer counselors and the impact of their work on the structure and functioning of all levels of the institutional life are detailed. Recommendations are made for carrying out such a program in other long-term-care settings. PMID- 829366 TI - Benefit-cost analysis and public policy implementation: from normative to positive analysis. PMID- 829365 TI - Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid IgG in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - CSF IgG was measured in 190 patients by Single Radial Immunodiffusion, A high value for the ratio CSF IgG/total protein (normal values being up to 14%) was obtained in 13 of 22 patients (54%) with definite or probable multiple sclerosis and in 16 of 137 patients (12%) with other neurological disorders excluding acute infections, subarachnoid haemorrhage and neurosyphilis. In 56 patients IgG and albumin were measured in CSF and serum using Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis (Electroimmunodiffusion) and results assessed by dividing the radio IgG/albumin in the CSF by the same ratio in the serum to obtain an Index. Because of the small number of normal patients, it was not possible to define a normal range but separation of patients with multiple sclerosis from those with other neurological disorders was even less clear-cut than with first method. Minor technical difficulties with the Rocket technique and prolonged storage of some of the specimens may at least partly explain the discouraging results with this method. It was concluded that the measurement of CSF IgG was of limited value to a clinican attempting to make a diagnosis in an individual patient with neurological disease. PMID- 829368 TI - National health expenditure highlights, fiscal year 1976. PMID- 829369 TI - Equipment purchase decisions. PMID- 829370 TI - [Preparation of polytene chromosomes from isolated cell nuclei of the salivary glands of Drosophila]. AB - A method is proposed for preparation of polytene chromosomes free of cytoplasmic substance. The nuclei are isolated using triton X-100 and squashed in 60% propionic acid solution. PMID- 829371 TI - Protecting the medical commons: who is responsible? PMID- 829372 TI - Health care spending: at its limit? PMID- 829373 TI - The effect of "cromolyn sodium" on the exercise induced bronchospasm of asthmatic children. PMID- 829374 TI - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with low-dose insulin perfusion. PMID- 829375 TI - National health insurance and the nation's health care problems. PMID- 829376 TI - Budgeting for national health expenditure: the British system. PMID- 829377 TI - [Effect of carbenoxolone on the synthesis and catabolism of prostaglandins]. PMID- 829378 TI - [Symposion B: Experimental cholestasis--in vitro metabolism and in vivo metabolic clearance of hexobarbital in rats with ANIT-cholestasis]. PMID- 829379 TI - [Experimental liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 829380 TI - [Experimental portal hypertension]. PMID- 829381 TI - [Virology of human hepatitis]. PMID- 829382 TI - [Changes in thyroxine-binding capacity in liver diseases]. PMID- 829383 TI - [Induction and activation of bile acid glucuronyl transferase in rat liver microsomes]. PMID- 829384 TI - [Diaminooxidase (histaminase) in liver diseases and experimental liver lesions]. PMID- 829385 TI - [Conjugation of bilirubin--enzymatic aspects]. PMID- 829386 TI - [Cerebral attacks (syncoptic, diacoptic and epileptic reactions)]. PMID- 829387 TI - [Blood sugar and serum insulin levels with reference to the glibenclamide concentration in suicidal glibenclamide poisoning. Case report]. PMID- 829388 TI - [C-peptide determination as a parameter for oral diabetes therapy]. PMID- 829389 TI - [Decrease of linolic acid in the serum lipid fractions in acute severe diseases]. PMID- 829390 TI - [Metabolism of parenteral maltose]. PMID- 829391 TI - [Maltose metabolism after intravenous administration in diabetics and metabolically healthy subjects]. PMID- 829392 TI - [The treatment of inflammatory small and large intestinal diseases by means of synthetic hypercaloric diet]. PMID- 829394 TI - The transfusion reaction in anesthesiological practice. PMID- 829396 TI - State government financing of health planning. PMID- 829395 TI - Normative planning for a better long term care system. PMID- 829393 TI - Growth hormone response to L-dopa in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 829397 TI - Chlordiazepoxide: long-term use in alcoholism. PMID- 829398 TI - [Calcium metabolism in lactating goats: influence of sodium oxalate, sodium citrate and EDTA]. AB - The influence of 2 p. 100 sodium oxalate, 4,57 p. 100 sodium citrate and 0,4 p. 100 Na2EDTA on various aspects of calcium metabolism and on milk characteristics has been studied in lactating goats. Sodium oxalate leads to no modifications of the variables studied : digestibility coefficient, biological valu+, coefficient of nutritive utilization and the coefficient of body retention. The only appreciable effect of sodium oxalate was on the amount of absorbed and utilized calcium which is diverted towards milk. These two values are decreased in the presence of oxalate. When sodium oxalate and sodium citrate were simultaneously added to the diet, citrate was shown to have no effect on digestibility, biological value, the coefficient of nutritive utilization and the coefficient of body retention, but did, however, considerably increase the amount of utilized calciun which was diverted towards milk. Concerning Na2EDTA, despite its higher calcium mobilizing power, it had no effect on the digestibility coefficient, the biological value, the coefficient of nutritive utilization and the coefficient of body retention; neither did it have an effect on the level of incorporation of calcium into milk. Calcium digestibility was cleorly higher in the latter two groups, where calcium ingestion was lower and milk production higher, conditions which both favorize calcium absorption. PMID- 829399 TI - [Evaluation of pituitary thyrotropic function by stimulation with TRH in subjects with Laennec's hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 829401 TI - [Critical periods in the development of mutants in scute Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Thermosensitive periods of the development of germs of separate pairs of macrochaetae were studied in two lines of mutation of scute Drosophila melanogaster (y/sc4B and cs7). The experiments have revealed the following three features which had not been observed earlier in similar investigations in other mutants of drosophila: 1) change of thermosensitivity in mutants sc7 in different periods of ontogenesis; 2) different sensitivity in mutants of both lines in different critical periods of the same pair of macrochaetae; 3) discrete sensitivity of separate macrochaetae in mutants of both lines at different stages of oogenesis when there are no germs of these organs yet. The change of penetrability of the mutation of scute for scuttellar macrochaetae in mutants y/sc4B caused by the 90-minute-long heating of larvae on the 4th day of their life (critical period of development) is inherited in 15 observed generations of the maternal line. One may consider these periods of the increased thermosensitivity to be tje periods of stepwise determination of germs of separate pairs of macrochaetae. PMID- 829400 TI - [Further research of antibodies anti-"N. meningitidis" among healthy population of Bari (southern Italy) (author's transl)]. AB - Research of antibodies anti-N. meningitidis serogroups A, B, and C was carried out on 248 healthy children 7 months-10 years aged by indirect hemagglutination, to determine the age of their initial demonstration into the serum and the time of their clearness, besides the diffusion of antibodies within the infantile population. Antibodies against one or more serogroups of N. meningitidis were detected already in the second half-year life in 73 percent examined children. Frequence of antibodies is progressively increasing in the last years until to findings about 90-100%. Antibodies against N. meningitidis serogroups A were detected more frequently, and in a less degree, the ones against serogroup C. Research of antibodies after 2 and 12 months was repeated on 84 subjects; for the most part of these the antibody titre was the same. PMID- 829402 TI - [Effect of injuries of the median forebrain bundle and the preoptic area on the activity of the strychnine-induced epileptiform focus (concerning the phenomenon of the hyperactive determinant transmission center)]. AB - It was shown in experiments on cats that a lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and partly of the preoptic region (RPO) at the side of local strychnine application of the cortex (g. suprasylvius medius) resulted in depression of the epileptiform activity in the strychnine-induced focus, as well as in the second "mirror" focus appearing in the symmetrical cortical area of the other hemisphere. This effect could also be obtained under conditions of injury of the MFB alone. The lesion of the MFB and partly of the RPO at the side of the "Mirror" focus leads to depression of the spike potentials in this focus only and does not influence the activity in the primary epileptiform focus. The described effects are considered from the aspect of conceptions of the role played by the determinant dispatch station (DDS) in the central nervous system activity: the primary epileptiform focus plays the role of the hyperactive DDS which induces the development of the secondary foci and maintaines and determines the character of their activity. The results of these studies suggest the participation of the MFB in the modulation of the epileptiform activity in the cortex. PMID- 829403 TI - [Detection of the GS-antigen of D-type virus in the cells of human breast fibroadenoma]. AB - Gs-antigen(s) of the D-type virus isolated from the continuous cells of human carcinoma was detected by the immunodiffusion with an indirect radioimmunoautographic assay in 5 of 7 human breast fibroadenoma. This virus contained gs-antigen common with the MPMV. These data demonstrated the genom of the D-type virus (or of a similar virus) to be integrated with the human fibroadenoma cells genom. Expression of the virus genom takes place at least to the level of the virus gs-antigen synthesis. The D-type virus from the continuous cell cultures of human carcinoma was associated with some human tumours, one of which was fibroadenoma. PMID- 829404 TI - [Our experience wit congenital anomalies of the bile ducts (with presentation of 13 clinical cases)]. AB - Thirteen cases of congenital anomalies of the bile passages are described, as observed in the Verona Surgical Clinic during the period 1970-75, out of a total of 908 operations on the biliary passages and hence with a frequency of about 1.6%. They consisted of one case each of agenesis of the gall-bladder, septal gall-bladder, clepsydra gall-bladder, Hartmann's sac, diverticulum of the gall bladder, outlet of the right hepatic in gall-bladder, outlet of cystic duct in third duodenal portion, accessory cholecystobiliary ducts, three cases of outlet of cystic duct in right hepatic duct, and two cases of common choledocho wirsunghian canal. After a brief description of the individual types of anomaly, the main data in the relevant literature are considered, with a review of the semeiological and therapeutic aspects of the most frequent anomalies. PMID- 829405 TI - [Gastric diverticula]. AB - The Authors, on the basis of two recently observed cases of gastric diverticula, emphasize its relative rarity and set out the various aetiopathogenetic theories of the disease. In this connection they point out that, apart from congenital alterations, particular importance may attach to gastric dyskinetic factors. The Authors conclude by discussing the diagnostic difficulties posed by gastric diverticula and setting out the modern possibilities of study and therapy of the disease. PMID- 829406 TI - [Diverticula of the duodenum. Clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. AB - On the basis of a study of the most recent clinico-statistical contributions on diverticula of the duodenum and personal experience, based on observation of 72 cases, the Authors set out a modern review of the subject. After emphasizing that diverticula of the duodenum are responsible for clinically evident and uncharacteristics sympatoms in only about 10-20% of cases, the Authors discuss the most modern procedures for diagnosis of diverticula of the duodenum. Lastly there is a full discussion of the indications for operation and the different surgical possibilities for treatment of the disease. PMID- 829407 TI - [Cryptophthalmia. Anatomo-pathologic and genetic aspects]. PMID- 829408 TI - [Optic atrophy and buphthalmia in the course of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 829409 TI - [Fabry's disease (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 829410 TI - [The problem of strabismus within the framework of infantile glaucoma]. PMID- 829411 TI - [Circulatory studies of the macular choroid]. PMID- 829412 TI - [Programmed cellular death and development of the eye]. PMID- 829413 TI - [Traumatic stimulation of the prostaglandin synthetase systems of the eye. Therapeutic importance]. PMID- 829414 TI - Comparative study of the carcinogenic activities of nas and some chemical carcinogens when introduced into the buccal pouch of the Syrian hamster. AB - Studies were carried out on the carcinogenic effects of nas, 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA), DMBA+nas, dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), diethylnitrosamine (DENA), and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) when introduced into the buccal pouch of the Syrian hamster. Nas alone induced no tumours in the buccal pouch but tumours at other sites occurred in 18.8% of the treated animals, compared with 4.4% of the controls. Three of 11 hamsters treated with DMBA alone developed tumours. No tumours appeared in the buccal pouch following treatment with DMBA + nas but they developed at other sites in 6 of the 11 hamsters treated. DMNA and DENA induced no macroscopic changes in the mucous membrane of the buccal pouch. Following DMNA administration, tumours developed only in the liver; no tumours developed following the application of DENA. Tumours developed at various sites, including the buccal pouch, in 20 of the 25 hamsters treated with MNU. PMID- 829415 TI - Alpha-chain disease and related small-intestinal lymphoma: a memorandum. AB - Primary intestinal lymphomas are remarkably frequent in the Mediterranean region and South-West Asia. They are usually found in young persons from the lower socio economic strata of the population. These conditions sometimes present a premalignant phase characterized by plasmacytic infiltration of the small intestine. It has been reported that early treatment of cases with antibiotics is followed by complete remission, suggesting that some environmental factors may be responsible for the disease. Some patients have an abnormal alpha-chain protein in their serum. This Memorandum reviews the present knowledge of the clinical, immunological, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of this condition. PMID- 829416 TI - Serological studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in the Old World. AB - Selected human sera from 59 different localities in Africa, the Mediterranean littoral, eastern Europe and Asia were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test against eight sandfly (Phlebotomus) fever virus serotypes (Sicilian, Naples, Arumowot, SudAn 754-61, Karimabad, Salehabad, Gordil and Saint Floris) known to occur in the Old World. Results of these studies provide new information on the geographic distribution and prevalence of human infection with each of the viruses. Specific neutralizing antibodies were detected against all of the agents except Salehabad. Naples and Sicilian antibodies were encountered most frequently and had the widest geographic range; moreover they were found only in areas where Phlebotomus papatasi occurs. Age-specific antibody rates for several of the viruses are presented. These data and the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed. PMID- 829417 TI - Correlation between the cell cycle in the neurectoderm and differentiation during the early development of Xenopus laevis. 1. BUdR sensitivity during gastrulation. AB - An hypothesis has been proposed by Holtzer and co-workers (1963, 1970, 1973) that the process of cell differentiation may be coupled in an obligatory manner with 'Quantal' cell cycle(s) which precede it. We have demonstrated that a 'wave' of DNA synthesis occurs in the neurectoderm of Xenopus laevis gastrula. This event of the cell cycle appears to be associated with the primary embryonic induction by the subjacent mesodermal tissue. The peak of DNA synthesis was observed in that area of the neurectoderm which was overlying the pre-chordal plate of mesoderm. Administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into the DNA of cells in a critical phase preceding overt differentiation, is known to perturb cytodifferentiation. In the present work sensitivity of X. laevis gastrula to BUdR (10(-3) M) has been investigated so as to assess the significance for neurogenesis of the wave of DNA synthesis in the neurectoderm. PMID- 829418 TI - [Meningococcus group carrier status in Chinese recruits]. AB - During the period, May 1974 approximately April 1975, 4 groups of Chinese basic training recruits from different cities in Taiwan were examined for cases of nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis. Before training the carrier rate of N. meningitidis was 13.7%. However, 7 approximately 8 weeks after training the carrier rate had increased to 20%. The majority of strains isolated were serogroup A. However, serogroups C and B, in that order of frequency, were also isolated. Only four strains were serologically untypable. Of 344 strains tested for drug susceptibility, 186 (54.1)% of these strains were found to be resistant to sulfadiazine. PMID- 829420 TI - Report examines elements of economy's health sector that contribute to health care inflation. PMID- 829419 TI - Data proves medical care costs are escalating, Council on Wage and Price Stability reports. PMID- 829421 TI - How can health care costs be contained when states require broader coverage? PMID- 829422 TI - To improve health care and control its costs we must change our priorities, experts say. PMID- 829423 TI - Three alternatives to expensive hospitalization viewed at benefit administrators' institute. PMID- 829424 TI - Malpractice rates cause 2% rise in provider charges. PMID- 829425 TI - Employers taking greater role in cost control efforts, Senate health subcommittee told at hearings. PMID- 829426 TI - Does utilization review cost more than it saves? PMID- 829428 TI - Council on Wage and Price Stability hears diverse cost control suggestions from health care industry. PMID- 829427 TI - Private sector must control health costs, banker says. PMID- 829429 TI - Should M.D.s consider costs? PMID- 829430 TI - Blue Shield conference emphasizes cost control. PMID- 829431 TI - Individual is key to cost control, MD says. PMID- 829432 TI - Companies' HMO experience described at conference. PMID- 829433 TI - Conn. rate review agency sued. PMID- 829434 TI - [Individual variations in the frequency of chromosome aberrations following exposure to chemical mutagens. II. Interindividual variation in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the presence of different mutagen concentrations]. AB - The object of this investigation was the distribution of human periferal blood cultured obtained from different donors with respect to their sensitivity to different concentrations of thiophosphamide (10, 20 and 30 mcg/ml for 1 hour). Two test characteristics were studied, "the proportion of aberrant metaphases" and "the number of chromosome breaks per 100 cells". It is shown that the distribution of individuals does not depend on the mutagen concentration, being normal in all the series of experiments. The same results were obtained when two different statistical methods were used, viz. the method of four moments and the chi-square test. Since the former method is less labour-consuming, the authors recommend it for fitting the normal distribution in cytogenetic investigations. The variances of the test-characteristics studies ("percent aberrant metaphases" and "total number of breaks per 100 cells") increased with the increase of the mean values. Therefore, before the analysis of variance and the regression analysis the cytogenetic data should be preliminary transformed for the purpose of stabilization of variances. PMID- 829435 TI - [Individual variations in the frequency of chromosome aberrations following exposure to chemical mutagens. III. Interindividual differences at different stages of the cell cycle]. AB - The object of this investigation was the sensitivity to chemical mutagens of chromosomes of human lymphocytes obtained from different individuals. The distribution of individuals with respect to their sensitivity to fotrin and cytosine-arabinoside was studied. Tests for two characteristics were used, viz. "the percent of aberrant metaphases" and "the number of chrimosome breaks per 100 cells". It is shown by the statistical analysis, that the distribution does not depend on the stage of the cell cycle. The distribution of the individuals tested with respect to their sensitivity to mutagens was shown to be normal. Certain recommendations concerning the planning of experiments and the exposure of the experimental data are given by the authors. PMID- 829436 TI - [Mechanism and kinetics of repair mutagenesis]. AB - On the basis of experimental data a model of induced mutagenesis is proposed that takes into account the repair of DNA damage by the rec-system. The peculiar feature of the rec-system is the cleavage and resynthesis of long sequences near the recognized DNA-damage. Up to 100--2000 nucleotides are replaced in one act. Therefore a definite probability exists of finding a damaged point on the second strand serving as template. It is believed that at this point no requirements of complementary exist and that a random substitution can take place. This is the origin of point mutation. From the model a general formula for the dose-response curve of mutagenesis is deduced which also takes into account the possibility of simultaneously initiated repair on both complementary strands of DNA. The latter leads to a lethal event when the points are situated priximally. This formula fits the observations in different cases studied, for instance, in case of transition from uvr+ to uvr- strains. The absence of repair mutagenesis in case of transforming DNA damage is readily explained by one-strand integration. PMID- 829437 TI - Shedding some light on light. PMID- 829438 TI - Cyclamate decision criticized. PMID- 829439 TI - The common cold: relief but no cure. PMID- 829440 TI - Gearing up to prevent a flu epidemic. PMID- 829441 TI - To serve well and not to please: an FDA dilemma. PMID- 829442 TI - Medical devices: strengthening consumer protection. PMID- 829443 TI - Long-term test on rhesus monkeys for the PVNO therapy of anthracosilicosis. AB - In order to test the therapeutic efficiency of intravenous PVNO injections against anthracosilicotic changes, long-term inhalation tests were performed in which rhesus monkeys were exposed to coal-quartz dust. The exposures were given over a period of 48 months. PVNO treatment at a concentration of 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight began 8 months after the end of exposure. To determine the effect of PVNO injections, hydroxyproline examinations of the urine were made. After a total duration of 70 months the test was followed by an examination of respiration and circulation. In addition to histological check-ups the organ weights were determined. Under the influence of PVNO treatment neither a regression of anthracosilicotic changes in lungs and lung lymph nodes occurred nor was the progression of these changes retarded. PMID- 829445 TI - Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Purpose and structure of a psychoanalytic hospital. PMID- 829444 TI - Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Regression. PMID- 829446 TI - Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Theory and clinical practice in long-term hospitalization. PMID- 829447 TI - Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. PMID- 829448 TI - Long-term intensive psychiatric hospital treatment. Ethics, epidemiology, and etiology. PMID- 829449 TI - [Prevention of RH sensitization]. PMID- 829450 TI - [Role of the nurse in the diagnosis and treatment of acid-base imbalance with special reference to intravenous nutrition of the sick child]. PMID- 829451 TI - [Repercussions of esophageal diseases on the mediastinum]. PMID- 829452 TI - [Evaluation of humoral immunologic response in rabbits immunized with a slime antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - Sera of rabbits immunized with slime antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14.207 were tested for the presence of the correspondent, circulating antibodies by the most common serological tests used in the medical laboratory: double immunodifusion in agar, indirect hemagglutination, complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The slime antigen obtained from stationary culture of the bacteria, in trypticase-soy broth grown at 36 degrees C by 72 hours, was extracted from the supernatant of the culture and also from the cell mass through cold ethanol precipitation after buffering of the medium. All the sera had significant antibody titers, with the values changing according to the technique employed. The best results were obtained by hemagglutination and by immunofluorescence tests, there were no cross reactions of antibodies with other bacteria, shown by immunofluorescence tests made using as antigen other microorganisms. PMID- 829453 TI - Acute tubular necrosis, a multifactorial analysis of variables. PMID- 829454 TI - The efficiency of renal replacement therapy. AB - This study suggests that: 1) small dialysis units are less efficient than larger units; 2) home dialysis is more readily accomplished in VA than in Medicare supported units; and 3) transplantation and home dialysis are 2 to 3 times as "efficient" as center dialysis. PMID- 829455 TI - Mechanical changes in the temporal bone due to head trauma. PMID- 829456 TI - Chloroquine and enzymes. PMID- 829457 TI - National Health Insurance: the right to life. PMID- 829458 TI - [New aspects of the mode of action of nitroglycerin: changes in the wave resistance of arteries close to the heart]. PMID- 829459 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the ventricular function, coronary circulation and oxygen consumption of the left ventricle under constant arterial pressure and heart rate]. PMID- 829460 TI - [Orthostatic adaptation as a function of age (studies on passive sit up under the use of ISDN)]. PMID- 829461 TI - [Behavior of coronary circulation and myocardial oxygen consumption in changes of peripheral vascular resistance]. PMID- 829462 TI - [Effect of i.v. nitroglycerin on the hemodynamics and size of infarct. Comparison with isosorbide dinitrate]. PMID- 829463 TI - [Serum and triiodothyronine following the administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)]. PMID- 829464 TI - [Function of the thyroid gland following radio-iodine therapy in hyperthyroidism: thyroxine, triiodothyronine and TSH reaction after TRH stimulation]. PMID- 829465 TI - Diffusible factors in anuran fertilization. AB - Anuran eggs are shed surrounded by a jelly material which is deposited by the oviduct as they descend through it. As soon as they come in contact with water, some components are released from the jelly coats into the inseminating inedium. The present review summarizes the information bearing on the problem of these diffusible factor involvement in fertilization. Evidence exists indicating that they are likely to exert some specific as well as protective influence on the spermatozoon. Their activity is discussed in connection to the acrosome reaction and the role of the jelly in the fertilization process. Attention is also drawn to some adaptive features of anuran fetrillization, suggesting that they would represent a transitional form between typically external and internal fertilization. PMID- 829466 TI - Toxicity of methyl bromide and other gaseous insecticides to Triatoma infestans. AB - Cuticular penetration of lipid soluble substances in Triatoma infestans is very poor (less than 1% in 24 hr), while the respiratory route is particularly efficient (28% in 5 min). Accordingly, several noxious gases killed the insect at short periods of time. CH3Br and SO2 were particularly effective and they also evidenced ovicide action. With the former compound this effect is also observed at low concentrations. The CH3Br hydrolysis products or its metabolites were not similarly effective, while other methylating agent, diazomethane, was very active. The irreversible binding of 14CH3Br to proteins and lipids of T. infestans, as well as the decrease in the sulfhydryl groups content of the proteins of the insect provoked by CH3Br suggest that this compound kills the insect because of its alkylating properties. The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed. PMID- 829467 TI - Histo-biochemical correlation in the oviduct of Bufo arenarum (Hensel). AB - A histo-biochemical correlation was carried out in oviducts of Bufo arenarum (Hensel), in trophic animals in the preovulatory period. Histochemical techniques were used to detect acidic mucoproteins, whereas complex mucopolysaccharides were biochemically assayed, thus simplifying the histologic methodology. The existence of acetylhexosamines, hexoses, phosphate and sialic acid in the oviduct was put in evidence through histochemical and biochemical methods. Results show a high content in sialic aicd, total phosphate and acetylhexosamines in the middle and terminal portions of the preconvoluted zone. Sialomucins, acetylhexosamines and hexosamines show a maximum in the last loops of the convoluted zone, coincident with clearly determined histologic areas. All components detected exhibit minimal values in the proximal and distal intermediate zones. Results found for phosphate show it is combined, and determines the reactivity to the stains used. This type of mucin has not been found in other species. PMID- 829469 TI - Inherited infection in the epidemiology of diptera-borne disease: perspectives and an introduction. PMID- 829468 TI - Characteristics and hormonal control of some glycoprotein glycosyl-transferase reactions in male reproductive organs. PMID- 829470 TI - Vectors and vertical transmission: an epidemiologic perspective. PMID- 829471 TI - Virulence of Rickettsia prowazeki for head lice. AB - Wild head lice were obtained by combing out adult and instar lice from the uncut hair of school children. Normal body lice were selected from a colony of rabbit adapted body lice obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture and maintained in the Department of Microbiology for more than 10 yr. Thirty-nine head lice and 60 body lice were fed on a rabbit that had been injected intravenously with a 10% suspension of a yolk sac pool from eggs heavily infected with the Ankara strain of virulent R. prowazeki. Five days after infection, 33 body lice and 16 head lice had survived and were feeding on a volunteer. Between Days 5 and 9, 13 head lice were dead or moribund and all of them were positive by IF for R. prowazeki. The three surviving head lice were also positive. Tests on the 33 body lice showed that 22 were positive for R. prowazeki, including four of the five body lice that survived until Day 15. In summary, head lice can be readily infected with R. prowazeki and disseminate virulent R. prowazeki organisms in their feces. Thus, theoretically, head lice appear to be highly potential as transmitters of R. prowazeki under optimal epidemiologic circumstances. PMID- 829472 TI - A search in asterias and ascidia for the beginnings of vertebrate immune responses. PMID- 829473 TI - Functional morphology and biochemistry of molluscan phagocytes. PMID- 829474 TI - In vitro cultivation of cells and a microsporidian parasite of Biomphalaria glabrata (Pulmonata: Basommatophora). AB - Cells from juvenile heart and gonads of B. glabrata have been grown in vitro for more than 1 year. These cell cultures are not actively mitotic but show other characteristics normal for metazoan cells in culture. They are tolerant of widely variable culture conditions. Challenges with mitogens, mutagens, and altered cyclic nucleotide levels have failed to induce mitosis. A microsporidian parasite grows intracellularly in vitro. The ultrastructural details of sporogeny and pansporoblastic maturation are described. Several pansporoblasts can occur in one snail cell; maturation of spores within a pansporoblast is not synchronous, which is a highly unusual feature. Time-lapse cinemicrography reveals engulfment of free spores by snail cells. Polar tube and sporoplasm release are reported photographically. Drug therapy failed to eliminate the protozoan. The potential value of microsporidia in schistosome control programs is evaluated as slight. PMID- 829475 TI - Modification of antityphus antibodies on passage through the gut of the human body louse with discussion of some epidemiologic and evolutionary implications. AB - Evidence is presented to indicate that proteolytic and perhaps other enzymes of the louse midgut, essential to the nutrition of the louse, perform molecular dissection on the antirickettsial antibodies present in the blood of a typhus immune host that selectively destroys, along with other functions, the portion of the antibody that determines the only known function by which antirickettsial antibodies may operate in host defense mechanisms, namely, opsonization of rickettsiae for enhanced ingestion by professional phagocytes and subsequent destruction. The epidemiologic significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the progressive destruction of cells that produce digestive enzymes of the louse midgut that occurs with progressive rickettsial infection, and the possibility of a negative feedback mechanism in transmission is introduced. Speculations that involve evolutionary concepts of both convergent and divergent varieties with respect to rickettsiae, potentially operational in a system that consists of an obligate blood-sucking arthropod vector and a vertebrate host capable of adaptive responses to both vector and rickettsial agent, are presented. PMID- 829476 TI - Mechanisms of transovarial infection of spotted fever Rickettsiae in ticks. PMID- 829477 TI - Identification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in the life stages of Leptotrombidium fletcheri with isolation and immunofluorescence techniques. PMID- 829478 TI - Attempts to infect and demonstrate transovarial transmission of R. tsutsugamushi in three species of Leptotrombidium mites. PMID- 829479 TI - The acquisition of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by chiggers (trombiculid mites) during the feeding process. PMID- 829481 TI - Prospective study of the organization and supervision of the bacteriological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a case finding network in Algeria. PMID- 829480 TI - [Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 829482 TI - Treatment of Tuberculous patients in France: medical cost of treatment in 1974. PMID- 829483 TI - Case-finding in the Korean national tuberculosis programme. PMID- 829484 TI - Experimental investigations of bacteriological mechanisms in short course chemotherapy. PMID- 829486 TI - The unreliability of direct gas chromatographic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 829485 TI - Biodegradation of the phthalates and their esters by bacteria. AB - Recent studies on the biodegradation phthalate esters in natural ecosystems, sewage, and laboratory cultures are reviewed. There is ample evidence to demonstrate that bacteria are major elements in the biodegradative processes and that in most situations complete oxidation of the aromatic ring occurs; much less is known about the catabolism of the alcoholic moiety, e.g., 2-ethylhexanol. Evidence is presented to support catabolic pathways in pseudomonads and micrococci that are initiated by successive hydrolyses of the diesters to give the phthalate anion. Thereafter a dioxygenase catalyzes the formation of 4,5 dihydro-4,5-dihydroxyphthalate, which is oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to give 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate, Protocatechuate, formed by decarboxylation of 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate, is the substrate for ring cleavage enzymes. Whereas flurorescent pseudomonads use the beta-ketoadipate pathway, the nonfluorescent strains and micrococci examined use of meta-cleavage (4,5-) route. All the intermediates proposed have been accumulated by enzymes purified from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isophthalate and terephthalate (anions) are readily used as carbon sources by aerobic bacteria, and preliminary evidence is consistent with catabolic routes for these isomers converging at the ring-cleavage substrate protocatechuate. Some possible effects and interactions of synthetic organic chemicals with the natural microflora, and the influence of other vectors, is discussed in relation to the maintenance of the carbon cycle and environmental pollution. PMID- 829487 TI - Perinatal development of conjugative enzyme systems. AB - The problems and priorities involved in studying the role of conjugagive enzymes in developmental pharmacology are discussed and evaluated. The relative rates of UDP glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase were studied during perinatal development in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to determine the net balance of glucuronidation or deglucuronidation at different developmental stages. In general, deglucuronidation predominated over glucuronidation in fetal tissues whereas the converse was evident in adults. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an extremely toxic contaminant of some organochlorine compounds, was shown to be a potent inducer of some hepatic and extrahepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. TCDD, administered during gestation, induced the postnatal activities of p-nitrophenol glucuronyltransferase and benzpyrene hydroxylase in rats. Foster mother experiments revealed that the postnatal induction was caused primarily by newborn exposure to TCDD in the mother's milk. Tissue distribution experiments with TCDD-14C confirmed these findings. Although TCDD induced non-steroid glucuronidation, no significant effects were evident on the postnatal development of steroid glucuronidation. The synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation. The postnatal development of DES glucuronidation, like the steroid pathway, was not affected by gestational TCDD treatment. The fetal distribution of DES and DES-glucuronide, at different stages of development, correlated well with the perinatal development of steroid glucuronyltransferase activity. PMID- 829488 TI - Genetic aspects of toxicity during development. AB - The Ah locus in the mouse controls the induction of cytochrome P1-450 and at least eleven associated monooxygenase activities. These enzyme systems metabolically potentiate and detoxify drugs, environmental pollutants, and other foreign chemicals, as well as numerous endogenous substrates. For certain substrates, it is known that cytochrome P1-450 produces different reactive intermediates and products that other forms of P-450. Alleles at the Ah locus can be identified in utero. Development toxicity (in the form of stillborns, resorptions, and malformations of the fetus) by 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene given to the pregnant mother is associated with genetically mediated aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness in C5BL/6N mice, compared with that in nonresponsive AKR/N mice. Acetaminiphen-produced hepatic necrosis is associated with glutathione depletion in the liver, covalent binding of metabolite(s) of the drug to cellular macromolecules, and P1-450 induction controlled by the Ah locus. For reasons not known, the fetus and mice 10 days of age or less are relatively resistant to glutathione depletion and therefore hepatic necrosis by acetaminophen. PMID- 829489 TI - Comparative placental morphology and function. AB - The distinction between histiotrophic nutrition (in which local macromolecules are chiefly responsible for the maintenance of the embryo) and hemotrophic nutrition (which results from a transfer of material between the maternal and fetal circulations) is made. Placentation in a number of commonly used laboratory animals and in man is described, and it is shown that dependence upon histiotroph and hemotroph varies greatly, not only between species but also at different stages of gestation in a single species. These facts are likely to be reflected in considerably differences in response to certain teratogens; they must be carefully considered when experimental results are extrapolated between species. The significance to man of an agent which has been shown to be teratogenic in a single species of experimental animals should be evaluated in terms of possible differences in placental function between man and that species. This is particularly so if there is a suspicion that the potential teratogen may affect the fetal membranes. PMID- 829491 TI - Evaluation of five mediums for the stabilization of Brucella abortus strain 19 dessicated by lyophilization. AB - Lyophilized Brucella abortus Strain 19 vaccines were prepared using five recommended mediums. These five vaccines were compared with each other and with liquid vaccine relative to their suitability for (1) maintaning distinguishing cultural characteristics; (2) maintaining viability during lyophilization; (3) quality of restoration; (4) maintaining viability under various storage temperatures and (5) maintaining stable, antigenic and virulence qualities. PMID- 829490 TI - Comparative development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. AB - The timing of some key embryological events is given for man, rat, chick, and certain other animals. Such times, however, are approximations, and variations occur among members of the same strain and even among members of the same litter. Some differences in developmental patterns are indicated. PMID- 829492 TI - Freeze-drying of brucella vaccine strain B 19. AB - The B 19 brucellosis strain has been widely used in the production of live vaccine against Bovine Brucellosis in the field for the last 30 years. Many attempts have been made to stabilize this vaccine but it remains a problem for laboratories which prepare this vaccine. In order to improve our knowledge of the influence of residual moisture and the nature of the conditioning atomosphere, several batches of vaccine were prepared in the same freeze-drying apparatus, either with a different atmosphere, or with a different level of residual moisture. After freeze-drying, the percentage of live bacteria and the stability of the vaccine at 37 degrees and 4 degrees C were investigated. It is thus possible to determine under specific conditions the level of residual moisture which gives: a) the best stability and b) the correct percentage of live bacteria after freeze-drying. Furthermore, by using nitrogen, argon, or a vacuum in the freeze-drying procedure, it was possible to select the most favourable atmosphere for conditioning the vaccine. PMID- 829493 TI - 239PuO2 aerosol inhalation with emphasis on pulmonary connective tissue modifications. AB - Inhalation studies were undertaken in which plutonium dioxide (239PuO2) was administered to either unanesthetized Wistar rats or anaesthetized baboons. In both groups of animals some deaths occurred from acute lung damage resulting from cell necrosis particularly to vascular tissue followed by alveolar oedema. At later stages, marked interstitial pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis occurred and deaths resulted from respiratory insufficiency preceded by high arterial blood pCO2 and low pO2. In rats as many as 50% of the animals finally developed lung neoplasms by only two such tumours were found in baboons. Attempts were made to correlate biochemical parameters with observed tissue damage and animal mortality. PMID- 829494 TI - Therapeutic effect of pulmonary lavage in vivo after inhalation of insoluble radioactive particles. AB - Pulmonary lavages in vivo after inhalation of 239PuO2 were conducted using more than 100 baboons. Results have permitted the definition of optimal conditions of lavage. It was shown that both lungs can be lavaged during the same sitting, and that the procedure could be applied up to 3 months after exposure with a significant efficiency. The treatment must be repeated several times because only 10-15% of the lung burden is removed during one sitting. With a schedule of ten bilateral bronchopulmonary lavages (at days 1, 4, 9, then once a week) 58% of initial lung burden is removed. In addition, up to 30% is removed by an accelerated natural clearance after lavage. No chronic histological or physiological alterations of the lungs were observed after this procedure, which seems an efficient therapy for removing inhaled insoluble radionuclides. PMID- 829495 TI - Intracavitary echoes in patients with mitral prosthetic valves. AB - In the course of doing routine echocardiograms on patients with mitral prosthetic valves, we observed peculiar intracavitary echoes within the left ventricle. Of the 36 valves studied in 31 different patients, 14 echocardiograms demonstrated the abnormal intracavitary echoes and 22 did not. The presence of mitral insufficiency, atrial fibrillation, systemic emboli and warfarin sodium (Coumadin) therapy were roughly equal in the two groups. A higher percentage of abnormal intracavitary echoes occurred in patients with a hemoglobin less than 11 gm/100 ml, other prosthetic valves, cloth covered valves, low platelets, and functional class III-IV. Although this study does not clarify the origin of these abnormal echoes, it is possible that they originate from particulate matter such as tiny fibrin clots or fibers from the cloth covering of the valve. PMID- 829496 TI - Echocardiography in evaluation of mitral valve prostheses. AB - Thirty-three patients with mitral valve prostheses were studied with echocardiography in an effort to determine if this technique could be useful in detecting significant abnormalities. Recordings were obtained in the supine position with the transducer directed to record maximum excursion of the prosthesis. Echoes from the struts, poppet and sewing ring were readily recorded. Amplitude of excursion and opening and closing velocities of the poppet were measured. Fifty echocardiographic recordings were obtained from the 33 patients. Of the 33 patients studied, 22 were thought to have "normal" echo tracings while in 11, the tracings were considered "abnormal." Apparent abnormalities consisted of: 1) abnormal diastolic separation between the poppet and strut, 2) increased echoes near the poppet, strut or sewing ring and 3) a combination of both. There was only one instance of suspected "sticking" of the prosthesis. All patients who had "abnormal" studies except one developed complications associated with their prosthesis (90%) compared to only 36% in patients with "normal" tracings. Five patients in each group died. Autopsy studies are described and correlations with the echocardiographic findings are made. In low profile valves reduction in excursion of the disc may be an indication of malfunction. Echocardiography appears to be of value in the assessment of function of mitral valve prostheses. PMID- 829498 TI - An ultrasound receiver with programmable time gain control. AB - An ultrasound receiver with programmable time gain control (TGC) has been developed. The TCG curve is synthesized from sequentially gated analog switches, each of which controls receiver gain over a range of 1cm. Diagnostic studies using a receiver with the programmable TGC curve show improved results in the amplitude equalization of received echoes and in the output display. PMID- 829497 TI - The anatomy and pathology of the porta hepatis demonstrated by gray scale ultrasonography. AB - Gray scale ultrasound has proved to be a simple, rapid, and reliable means for the investigation of cholestatic jaundice. The distended biliary tree has a characteristic but sometimes confusing appearance on ultrasonic tomography. Gray scale ultrasound can diagnose portal hypertension by visualizing an enlarged, tortuous portal vein. This can be differentiated from the typical shape of the dilated common bile duct by the condition of the intrahepatic biliary canaliculi and by examination of the spleen. PMID- 829499 TI - An ultrasonic deflector for aspiration and biopsy. AB - A new ultrasonic deflector for aspiration and biopsy is described. It is made of a Plexiglas prism (45 degrees) with an oblique hole (27 degrees). The ultrasonic beam is bent in water by about 23 degrees. A puncture needle inserted through the prism hole passes through the ultrasonic beam in water with only minimal deviation from the beam axis. A fairly strong echo from the needle tip is a useful indicator for positioning the needle for aspiration. The resolution of the ultrasonic scan is not significantly affected by the deflector. This inexpensive ultrasonic deflector is capable of performing the functions offered by the expensive ultrasonic aspiration-biopsy transducer. PMID- 829500 TI - Ultrasound B-scanning with a gray scale video hard copy unit. AB - A gray scale hard copy unit has been adapted to an ultrasound B-scanner equipped with a video gray scale system and a conventional hard copier and a Polaroid camera. Comparative recordings were made of all three methods. The new hard copy unit produced a better gray scale image than Polaroid film, with reduction of cost and elimination of the problems inherent in Polaroid film. PMID- 829501 TI - Diagnosis of early pregnancy with A-mode ultrasound. A preliminary report. AB - An A-mode ultrasonic analyzer was used to detect pregnancy and to determine gestational age in 102 patients, 77 of whom were pregnant and 25 of whom were not pregnant. All pregnant patients were in the first trimester. Polaroid photographs were taken of the echo pattern display and diagnosis was compared with that of the clinical examination. Results indicate, using only the Polaroid photograph of the patient's A-scope echo pattern, it is possible to (1) diagnose pregnancy with an accuracy rate of 87.2% and (2) estimate the week of gestation, within a tolerance of 21 days of the clinical examination, with an accuracy rate of 84.5%. PMID- 829502 TI - Milk of calcium in a renal cyst: a sonolucent mass effect. PMID- 829503 TI - The use of gas as a contrast agent for abdominal ultrasound. PMID- 829504 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of supravalvular aortic stenosis. A case report. PMID- 829505 TI - Report of the inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Optimal resources for ultrasonic examination of the heart. AB - The echocardiographic examination is described and the current status of ultrasound in cardiac diagnosis is summarized. Planning guidelines are provided for hospital based echocardiography laboratories including resource criteria for professional personnel and training, equipment, space, and support systems. Minimal case loads for maintaining quality performance of the examiner are recommended and various administrative patterns for organizing an echocardiography service are discussed. Approaches for establishing professional fees and emerging applications of diagnostic ultrasound in cardiovascular medicine are briefly reviewed. There is a description of the procedure for conducting an adequate echocardiographic examination in children and adults. PMID- 829506 TI - Legislation to regulate medical instrumentation. PMID- 829507 TI - Tissue characterization by ultrasound. PMID- 829508 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of superficial masses. AB - While superficial masses are usually apparent and easily palpated, it is sometimes difficult to determine whether they are cystic, solid, or mixed. Ultrasound was used to evaluate superficial masses determining their size, relationship to other structures and internal characteristics. In a series of 34 patients, ultrasound was able to differentiate among cystic, solid, or complex masses with a 94% accuracy. PMID- 829510 TI - Television displays in gray scale ultrasound. PMID- 829509 TI - Ultrasonic identification and examination of fetal heart structures. AB - Ultrasonic studies were performed on normal fetuses ranging from 36 to 40 weeks gestational age in an attempt to visualize anatomical details of the fetal heart. We were able to visualize cardiac structures hitherto thought to be unidentifiable. Two-dimensional B-scan exposures of sections showed transverse and longitudinal sections of the fetal heart, including the cardiac septa and inlet and outlet sites of the large vessels. To attempt to elucidate the dynamics of the fetal heart, the motility patterns of the cardiac structures were examined by time-motion mode scanning and the patterns obtained were compared to those observed in the postnatal heart. The reliability of the theories advanced and the further prospects are discussed. PMID- 829511 TI - Pay levels for ultrasound technologists. PMID- 829512 TI - The application of the temperature-color scale to ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 829513 TI - A method for spectra-color B-scan ultrasonography. PMID- 829514 TI - Gray scale color coding of abdominal B-scan ultrasonograms. AB - The need for increased dynamic range of echoes in ultrasonograms is generally acknowledge. Advantages and disadvantages of color-coded gray scale ultrasonography as well as methods for their acquisition are discussed. A color encoding method for obtaining color ultrasonograms is described and results are demonstrated. PMID- 829515 TI - Clinical spectra-color ultrasonography. AB - Results of preliminary clinical trials of spectra-color ultrasonography are presented. The instrumentation is calibrated so that normal ocular tissues produce a near-white display. Scans of eyes with various diseases differ from the scans of normal eyes, indicating a variation in frequency responses. PMID- 829516 TI - Real-time color B-scan ultrasonography. AB - The development and early clinical results of a real-time color B-scan ultrasonoscope are described. This instrument uses color to display detailed echo amplitude information more quantitatively than is possible with gray scale. With real time, dynamic changes are seen during the examination. Conversion of the amplitude information into binary coded decimal code permits separation into ten color steps and also eliminates "blooming" of the cathode ray tube, as seen in black and white. Integrated circuitry is used, providing a portable, relatively inexpensive unit. Early clinical work in ophthalmology is illustrated. PMID- 829517 TI - Gray scale compound scan echography of the normal upper abdomen. AB - Compound scanning shows the size, shape, position, and anatomical relationships between the various organs in the upper abdomen. Gray scale compound scanning gives additional information from the parenchyma of organs and allows description of the characteristic ultrasonic appearance of specific tissues such as liver, spleen, or kidney. The method is complementary to simple scanning and for diagnostic work a combination of the two methods is recommended. PMID- 829518 TI - Midline sagittal sonographic evaluation of the midbrain. AB - A technique has been developed for the A-mode display of the upper brain stem using certain bony landmarks to guide transducer placement. Normal findings were substantiated at the time of penumoencephalography and angiography in order to determine the anatomic origin of the ultrasound reflections. Findings in patients with mass lesions distorting the upper brain stem will also be reported. PMID- 829519 TI - Ultrasound as a diagnostic aid in ventral abdominal hernia. AB - Preliminary results are presented of ultrasound investigations in 34 patients with suspected abdominal hernias. All patients were explored surgically on the basis of clinical indications, and the surgical findings were compared with the results of the ultrasound investigation. Small hernias in the anterior abdominal wall (fascia Spigelii and linea alba) can be demonstrated by ultrasound, but there are certain circumstances which can lead to false positive ultrasound results. PMID- 829520 TI - Experiences with the echo midliner in children. AB - Three hundred eighty-five children were examined with the Midliner echoencephalography unit. In examinations termed adequate, correct interpretations were made in 94.6% of healthy children versus 78% ill children. The incidence of adequate examinations increases with the child's age, but 58% of children with hydrocephalus had inadequate examinations, regardless of age. For the measurement of the infantile ventricle system the midliner is not appropriate. PMID- 829521 TI - The current status of ophthalmic B-scan ultrasonography. PMID- 829522 TI - A simple and inexpensive water bath adapting a contact scanner for thyroid and testicular imaging. AB - Construction and operation of a simple and inexpensive water bath adapting a contact B-scanner for thyroid and testicular imaging is described. The device consists of two parts: a water bath with supporting frame, and a bead chain arrangement attached to the scanner arm to maintain the transducer at a constant height above the skin during scanning. PMID- 829523 TI - B-mode scanning of the infant brain. A new approach case report. Craniopharyngioma. PMID- 829524 TI - Sonographic appearance of organized blood within a cyst. 2 case reports. PMID- 829526 TI - Training in ultrasonics. PMID- 829525 TI - Pay levels for ultrasound technologists. PMID- 829527 TI - Optical holography in ultrasonography. AB - Three techniques for producing three-dimensional ultrasonograms have been investigated. Of these, the optical holographic technique appears to have the advantages of simultaneous viewing of all levels and directions. The effects of magnification, gray scale manipulation, and more expeditious means of producing such holograms remain to be investigated. PMID- 829528 TI - Contact B-scan echographic diagnosis of ophthalmopathic Graves' disease. AB - Ophthalmopathic Graves' disease (endocrine ophthalmopathy) is difficult to diagnose with certainty in the absence of confirmatory laboratory studies. In 11 of 15 patients with proven Graves' ophthalmopathy who were studied with contact B scan ultrasonography, distinct evidence of orbital edema was demonstrated. Since these abnormalities were not encountered in any of eight patients with tumorous invasion of the orbit causing proptosis, or in any of 50 patients studied for intraocular pathology, it is concluded that contact B-can echography is a valuable diagnostic tool and should be utilized early in the study of all patients with orbital disease. PMID- 829529 TI - Correlation of the ultrasonic appearance of the portal vein with abdominal arteriography. AB - The ultrasonic appearance and location of the portal vein is documented by correlation with abdominal arteriography. Five patients were studied by both methods. Various characteristic appearances of the portal vein are presented. The importance of localization of the portal vein during an ultrasonic pancreatic examination is discussed. PMID- 829530 TI - A routine procedure for monitoring clinical ultrasound equipment. AB - A procedure has been devised for monitoring many critical performance characteristics of clinical ultrasound systems. It is easy to use in a clinical environment and is sufficiently precise to check system consistency or reproducibility. The procedure permits monitoring the system as a whole with enough specificity to locate malfunctioning components. The range response of the system with the beam normal to a planar reflector in distilled water at room temperature is obtained in a single Polaroid image for various control settings. System performance, excluding B mode velocity calibration, display linearity, and position registration, may be routinely monitored with a minimum of measurements. A feasibility test confirmed the method's precision, reproducibility (2%), and ease of performance. PMID- 829531 TI - Common artifacts in ultrasound scanning. AB - Numerous artifacts can occur during contact B scanning of the abdomen. These artifacts may give anatomically inaccurate scans and thus lead the interpreter into making an inaccurate diagnosis. This paper describes and illustrates artifacts resulting from improper scanning techniques, improperly set gain levels, motion related organ distortion, and acoustic reverberations. PMID- 829532 TI - Wandering spleen and pregnancy: case report. PMID- 829533 TI - Echocardiographic observation of ventricular volume changes and swinging septal position in massive pericardial effusion. AB - Swinging interventricular septal position and ventricular volume changes associated with respiration were studied in a patient with massive uremic pericardial effusion and pulsus paradoxus. Inspiration was regularly associated with a posterior swinging septal position which dramatically increased right ventricular (RV) volume with a lesser change in left ventricular (LV) volume. Expiration was consistently accompanied by an anterior swing of septal position which nearly obliterated the RV with slight enlargement of the LV. The above changes produced a pendulum-like motion of the septal position as the patient breathed. This may reflect the ventricular volume changes that accompany respiration in severe pericardial effusion association with pulsus paradoxus. PMID- 829534 TI - Antenatal detection of fetal structural defects with ultrasound. AB - A case report of a cystic hygroma detected in utero by ultrasound at 16 weeks' gestation is presented. The potential for early second trimester detection of both CNS and non-CNS structural defects by diagnostic ultrasound is discussed "High risk" groups for fetal structural defects can be identified for screening purposes. PMID- 829535 TI - Abdominal cystic lymphangiomatosis: report of a case involving the liver and spleen and illustration of two cases with origin in the greater omentum and root of the mesentery. AB - B-scan ultrasonic examination of a 10-year-old Mexican-American female with multiple avascular hepatic and splenic defects on both isotopic and angiographic evaluation revealed numerous cystic lesions, a few of which contained numerous internal echoes. Subsequent pathological examination revealed lymphangiomatosis of the liver and spleen. Some of the cysts contained caseous material as predicted only by the ultrasonic examination. Cystic lymphangiomatosis of the spleen is a rare condition and only a few cases of involvement of both the spleen and liver have reported. This is the first such case evaluated by ultrasound. Two cases are also illustrated of cystic lymphangiomatosis with origin in the greater omentum and root of the mesentery. PMID- 829536 TI - Echocardiographic recognition of ventricular septal aneurysm--a case report. AB - The noninvasive detection of an aneurysm of the interventricular septum may be predictive of spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect. Moreover, in patients with audible systolic clicks the distinction must be made between septal aneurysm and mitral valve prolapse. The current report describes the echocardiographic visualization and pattern of motion of an aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum. The diagnosis was made by both single crystal and real-time cross-sectional, multiple crystal ultrasound techniques prior to catheterization. These findings from the basis of the present study. PMID- 829537 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report. AB - A case report illustrating ultrasonic findings in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is presented. The clinical and radiographic findings, differential diagnosis, and potential contribution by ultrasound are discussed. A brief review of the literature is given. PMID- 829538 TI - The detection of fetal meningocele and meningoencephalocele by B-scan ultrasound: a case report. PMID- 829539 TI - Erect cholecystosonography. PMID- 829540 TI - Improved radiotherapy dose calculations using ultrasound uterine localization. AB - An easy noninvasive method of accurate uterine measurement using B-mode ultrasound for subsequent intracavitary dosimetry is presented. Importance of documentation of uterine size is stressed. This method if universally adopted would help to standardize intracavitary dosimetry and thereapy results could be more meaningfully analyzed. PMID- 829541 TI - A simple method for obtaining direct measurement from B-scans. PMID- 829546 TI - The influence of dead and fixed dead tissue in the living organism. II. The tissue reaction to implantation of autologous dead tissue. PMID- 829545 TI - Evaluating long-term periodontal therapy. What constitutes success or failure? PMID- 829547 TI - The influence of dead and fixed dead tissue in the living organism. 1. Problem statement and selection of a method of investigation. PMID- 829548 TI - Vaccines and dental caries. PMID- 829549 TI - National health insurance and the sixth stool guaiac. PMID- 829550 TI - [Transfusion of blood incompatible with Rh factor: evolution and use of immunoglobulin anti-D]. PMID- 829551 TI - [Cyclophosphamide in the prevention of sensitization to Rh factor]. PMID- 829553 TI - California group arbovirus activity in Southeast Texas. PMID- 829552 TI - Ontogenesis of hypothalamic--pituitary--thyroid function and metabolism in man, sheep, and rat. PMID- 829555 TI - One-stage radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma: operative mortality, cost/benefit analysis. AB - An analysis of cystectomies performed between September 1, 1969 and December 31, 1974 was conducted to determine the rates of morbidity (59 per cent) and operative mortality (4.1 per cent). Comparison of these figures for single operations with data published from other sources concerning staging of the therapeutic procedures suggests that there is no benefit for the patient relative to surgical morbidity or mortality if the latter course is followed. Conversely, prolongation of hospital experience, multiple operations, absence from productive activity and increased health care cost are associated with the staged procedures. Application of cost/benefit analysis suggests that this experience may act as a model to evaluate competing forms of therapy involving other disorders. When costs are not equivalent and benefits are the same the more expensive form of therapy should not be offered except for unusual circumstances. PMID- 829554 TI - Effect of pulmonary irradiation from inhaled 90Y on immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in mice. PMID- 829556 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in the primate. III. Effect of urinary tract infection on maturation of the ureterovesical junction. AB - Our study of the monkey supports the authors who believe that reflux normally occurs in children. It further suggests that recurrent bladder infections may delay maturation of the ureterovesical junction but it does not prevent it. Therefore, we suggest that moderate reflux should be treated conservatively. PMID- 829557 TI - Meatal recolonization in bitches. AB - Colonization of the urethrovaginal area precedes urinary tract infection in women. Among the potential factors limiting colonization by fecal pathogens is bacterial interference, the ability of established commensals to inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Since the microcontour of the canine distal urethra possesses microvilli like those in the vagina rather than the microplicae found at higher levels and also has similarities in cellular glycogen content the meatal area would be expected to respond to hormonal influences like the vagina. The normal canine urethrovaginal flora was determined by serial cultures. It consisted principally of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium and Acinetobacter-Haemophilus. Estrus produced a selective overgrowth of beta Streptococcus and Acinetobacter-Haemophilus. A normal canine transient, Escherichia coli, and a normal resident, Corynebacterium, persisted only for a short time (4.5 days) unless inoculated during estrus, when they remained for a mean period of 70 days. In contrast, human Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas persisted only a short time, whether during anestrus (4.8 days) or during estrus (8.5 days). The commensals had returned fully by 14 days after sterilization, while those in estrus overresponded. Thus, indigenous bacteria inhibit establishment of certain foreign species in the urethra and hormones enhance the susceptibility to colonization. PMID- 829558 TI - Inhibitory effect of tuberculo-protein complex, tubercin-3, on three cases of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 829559 TI - [Histologic study of occlusal trauma in monkeys]. PMID- 829560 TI - [TSH and prolactin response to TRH in Basedow's disease]. PMID- 829562 TI - A study of the role of allergy in trachoma. (A double blind field trial using a potent topical anti allergic). PMID- 829561 TI - Evaluation of some lines of therapy in experimentally induced herpetic keratitis in rabbits. PMID- 829563 TI - Cryptophthalmos. PMID- 829564 TI - Neurofibromatosis of lid and orbit in early childhood. PMID- 829566 TI - Mandibulo-facial dystosis. Collins-Franceschetti-Zwahlen syndrome. PMID- 829565 TI - Mucopolysaccharaidoses. "The Morquio-Ullrich disease". PMID- 829568 TI - [Serologic study of 51 cases of human trichinosis]. AB - During the course of a recent epidemic of trichinosis two immunodiagnostic techniques were tested. Firstly indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using sections of the diaphram of infected mice and isolated trichine larvae. Secondly gel precipitation reactions, immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. It was observed that the induced specific antibodies appeared later than the clinical symptoms and the hypereosinophilia; the delay in appearance of the first positives detected being at least two to three weeks. Subsequently the titres rose rapidly and raised levels persisted for several months. Indirect immunofluorescence of excysted larvae remains the technique of choice, being rapid, sensitive and quantitative. The association of fluorescent and precipitation technique reduces the errors caused by cross reactions with other helminths. PMID- 829567 TI - Chrysotherapy. PMID- 829569 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis in adolescents: a guide to management. PMID- 829570 TI - [An autopsy case of macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom with sarcomatous infiltration in the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 829571 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of water transmitted typhoid and paratyphoid epidemics]. PMID- 829572 TI - [Chagasic megacolon]. PMID- 829573 TI - [Epidemiology of hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 829574 TI - Long term ambulatory parenteral hyperalimentation (L. T. A. P. H.) in Gastroenterology [proceedings]. PMID- 829575 TI - The value of gentamicin in biliary surgery: a controlled trial of prophylactic therapy in 100 patients [proceedings]. PMID- 829576 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on the formation of alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis growing in continuous and batch cultures. AB - The influence of CO2 on the information of alpha-amylase by Bacillus subtilis NCIB 8646 growing in continuous and batch cultures was investigated. Different levels of CO2 examined in the batch cultures stimulated the formation of alpha amylase, with the highest activity being obtained using 6% CO2 (v/v). The additions of CO2 inhibit the growth and division of vegetative cells of B. subtilis when CO2 is present in a concentration of more than 3% (v/v). In chemostat cultures, air containing 8% CO2 (v/v) increased the specific enzyme productivity almost three times over the control, without affecting the cell growth. An attempt is made to correlate the obtained results with the alesis. PMID- 829577 TI - Kinetic behavior of microencapsulated beta-galactosidase. AB - Escherichia coli beta-D-galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.23) was immobilized in cellulose nitrate membrane microcapsules and the reaction kinetics with o nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), lactose, and whole milk were studied using both continuous stirred tank and packed bed reactor configurations. The results of the experiments gave effectiveness factors of 0.3 for ONPG, 0.6 to 0.7 for lactose in solution, and close to unity for lactose in milk. Using a coupled mass transfer and kinetic model, it was possible to estimate the permeability of the microcapsule membrane from the reactor data. Membrane permeabilities on the order of 5 X 10(-3) and 3 X 10(-4) cm/sec were estimated for ONPG and lactose, respectively. It was determined that the membrane was the limiting mass transfer resistance for the overall reaction. The analysis showed that within the microcapsule, the reaction is reaction rate limited for lactose and slightly diffusion limited for ONPG. PMID- 829578 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone release in normal subjects and in patients with depression, anorexia nervosa and acromegaly. PMID- 829579 TI - Long-term placement of dependent children from the client's point of view. AB - This article presents data regarding the backgrounds and attitudes of 396 dependent children in Israel who had been living in boarding institutions for almost three years, and were at least 10 years old at the time of the research interview. Parents of the children were also interviewed, and background [corrected] information regarding the family and its experience with placement was abstracted from welfare department records. This detailed information, collected nearly a decade ago, was then compared with several very recent Israeli studies of institutionalized dependent children and it was found that many problematic features of placement still persist. Among these are lack of long or short-term planning by welfare agencies, poor agency follow-up after placement, and little personal contact with either the child or his family. More older children were accepting placement than were younger children, and the majority of the parents did not contemplate the child's return home, being quite satisfied with placement in the institution. The findings from this study should have direct implications for child welfare policy and practices. PMID- 829580 TI - Measurement of cellular copper levels in Bacillus megaterium during exponential growth and sporulation. AB - Both atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and neutron activation analysis have been utilized to determine cellular Cu levels in Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213. Both methods were selected for their sensitivity to detection of nanogram quantities of Cu. Data from both methods demonstrated identical patterms of Cu uptake during exponenetial growth and sporulation. Late exponential phase cells contained less Cu than postexponential t2 cells while t5 cells contained amounts equivalent to exponential cells. The t11 phase-bright forespore containing cells had a higher Cu content than those of earlier time periods, and the free spores had the highest Cu content. Analysis of the culture medium by AAS corroborated these data by showing concomitant Cu uptake during exponential growth and into t2 postexponential phase of sporulation. From t2 to t4, Cu egressed from the cells followed by a secondary uptake during the maturation of phase-dark forespores into phase-bright forespores (t6--t9). PMID- 829581 TI - A first experience in the use of Kelocyanor. PMID- 829582 TI - Optimum time of blood sampling for determination of glomerular filtration rate by single-injection [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance. AB - We have investigated the influence on reproducibility of total [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance (E) of various times and number of blood samples in patients with normal (13 patients) and low (14 patients) renal function. The study aims at fixing a clinically useful procedure suitable for all levels of renal function. Six different types of E were evaluated with time periods for blood sampling between 3 and 5h after tracer injection, and the variation from counting radioactivity, sc, was determined as part of total variation, st. Optimum mean time t(E), for blood sampling was calculated as a function of E, as the mean time giving the least change in E for a given change in the 'final slope' of the plasma curve. For patients with normal E, sc did not contribute significantly to ST, and t(E) was about 2h. For patients with low renal function sc contributed significantly to st, and t(E) increased steeply with decreasing E. The relative error of sc from fixed E types was calculated for all levels of renal function. The results indicate that blood sampling individualized according to predicted E values is not necessary. A sufficient precision of E can be achievef for all function levels from three blood samples drawn 180, 240, and 300 min after injection. PMID- 829583 TI - Preparation of cross-linked human serum albumin labelled with 125I for studies of reticuloendothelial system function. AB - A method is described to prepare a new test substance for reticuloendothelial system (RES) function studies. Glutaraldehyde was used for the cross-linking of human serum albumin. The polymeric product was fractionated by repeated chromatography on Sepharose 6B. Cross-linked material with a particle size of approximately 18 nm, as evidenced by electron microscopy, was pooled and labelled with 125I. The surface charge of the albumin polymers, determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, was not significantly changed compared with that of the original albumin monomer. Cross-linking takes place almost entirely between the epsilon amino groups of lysine in the albumin molecules, as confirmed by amino acid analysis. Preliminary biological tests on mice indicate that the cross-linked polymers are phagocytosed mainly by RE cells of the liver and spleen. The disappearance rate was similar to that of other RE test substances. Intravenous administration of more than 50 times the usual dose caused no deaths, indicating a very low toxicity. Trace amounts of glutaraldehyde were not detectable by gas chromatography. Judging from these experiments, this new preparation of cross linked albumin fulfils many of the criteria stated for an ideal RES test substance. PMID- 829584 TI - Penicillin and tetracycline susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated during 1966 to 1975. PMID- 829586 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of the lacrimal gland of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)]. AB - The following results were obtained by light and electron microscopical investigations of the lacrimal gland of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): 1. The lacrimal gland of the monkey is a tubulo-acinous gland having intra and extra lobar excretory ducts. Intercalated and striated ducts are lacking. 2. The secretory epithelium consists of two cell types: a) cells which have a light cytoplasm and dark secretory granules, b) cells with a dark cytoplasm and granules of different electron density. 3. The difference in the types of cells observed and in the appearance of secretory granules reflect classes due to a secretory cycle. 4. Both cell types have a parenchymal innervation, the cells with dark cytoplasm being only scarcely innervated. 5. The parenchymal innervation is cholinerg. 6. The epithelium of the intra and inter lobular excretory ducts shows secretory activity. It is surrounded by myoepithelial cells and receives a parenchymal cholinerg innervation. PMID- 829585 TI - Beneficial effects of tube feedings with essential amino acids and adequate calories in uremic patients. PMID- 829587 TI - Fine structure of monkey (Macaca mulatta) male accessory sex glands, juvenile and adult. PMID- 829588 TI - [Distribution of blood groups, salivary blood group substances, and natural antibodies in a sample of MZ twins (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of A1A2BO, MN, and Rh-Hr blood groups, of salivary ABH substances, and of natural antibodies, was assessed in a sample of 47 MZ twin pairs. The resulting distribution provides indications as to the level of genetic control over the quantitative expression of these traits. PMID- 829589 TI - Forming of electron beams from a betatron by foil scatterers. AB - The technique of forming electron beams by one scattering foil and one compensating foil is discussed. This method provides a means for producing large size uniform dose distributions with much smaller losses in dose rate as compared with conventional beam forming by one foil. Moreover, the energy losses involved in this process and the background [corrected] of concomitant bremsstrahlung are much less. A technique of calculation to determine approximate parameters of the compensating foils is described. PMID- 829590 TI - Effects on the cardiovascular system of irradiation for malignant lymphoma. AB - In 55 patients irradiated for malignant lymphoma the complaints were recorded as well as ECG, blood pressure, exercise test and heart volume before, during and one and 6 months following treatment. ECG abnormalities and fall in blood pressure occurred during treatment. Reduced physical working capacity was found one month after treatment. After 6 months all parameters had returned to pretreatment levels. Attention should be paid to the considerable reduction in blood pressure that does occur in some cases during treatment. PMID- 829591 TI - Bladder and intestinal injuries following radiation therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The frequency of serious complications in the bladder and intestines in 674 patients irradiated for carcinoma of the cervix using three different techniques is reported. The first technique was the Stockholm technique, which gave 5% severe complications. In the other two, the patients received primarily external irradiation without central shielding, complemented with intracavitary treatment. Difficulties in the Stockholm technique and in techniques combining external high voltage and intracavitary treatment were taken into account, and the frequency of serious complications decreased to less than 1%. PMID- 829592 TI - [Bacteriological and clinical studies of 100 significant urocultures]. AB - The authors illustrate a screening for bacteriuria performed on 348 samples of urine by patients occurred to observation in two Departments of Internal Medicine from October 1973 to October 1974. The technique to sampling urine has been the meadstream. Colony counts of over 10(5) germs per ml or urine were shown in 100 cases. Selective culture media were used for urinary bacteria identification. The AA. show a series of considerations on the pathogenetic significance of microbial cell concentration in urine and on the frequency of the isolated species. They consider the age, the sex and the concomitant diseases of the 100 cases occurred to their observation. Furthermore, the AA. reported the results of research on the antibiotic sensivity test and on the resistance to chemioantibiotics of urine bacterial flora. These bacterioloyical tests are finally suggested by the AA. as indispensable in the valuation and the therapeutic control of the urinary infections. PMID- 829593 TI - [Neuroendocrinal factors and behavior]. PMID- 829594 TI - [Social behavior in primates as a model of psychiatric intervention]. PMID- 829595 TI - [The ergonovine maleate test during coronarography]. PMID- 829596 TI - Isolation, growth and nitrogen fixation of a gas vacuole-less mutant of the blue green alga Anabaena aphanizomenoides. AB - Mutants with loss of gas vacuoles (GVL-) were isolated from a clonal population of the gas vacuole containing (GVL+) blue-green alga Anabaena aphanizomenoides with a spontaneous mutation frequency of 1.7 x 10(-3) in nitrogen-free media. Growth and nitrogen fixation of the mutant were slow when compared to the GVL+ parent. Both the parent and mutant filaments tolerated 0.02 microgram/ml of streptomycin, and higher concentrations were lethal. The reversion of the mutant towards the parent did not occur. PMID- 829597 TI - [Mechanism of contraceptive effect with postovulatory estrogen treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 829598 TI - Interpretative differences in cytogenetic analyses: preliminary results of a collaborative study. AB - In an effort to establish some of the parameters which influence differences in interpretation of chromosome aberrations, we initiated a collaborative study with 26 different laboratories located in the U.S., Canada and Europe. They include government, private industry, and academic institutions. Three species were selected for study which vary in chromosome number and complexity of the karyotype. These were the Chinese hamster, human, and African green monkey. Each metaphase was preselected and numbered. This allowed each participant in the study to screen exactly the same cells. Most of the participating laboratories have reported the results of their analyses of the Chinese hamster series, and that data is now being analyzed. A detailed discussion of the study format and the preliminary results on the Chinese hamster cells will be presented. PMID- 829599 TI - Primate endogenous viruses: their role in oncogenesis and as biohazards. PMID- 829600 TI - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in clinical practice. PMID- 829602 TI - [Contractility of the left ventricle in experimental septicemia]. AB - In experimental septicemia a decrease of myocardial contractility could be demonstrated. Periodically a correlation between disturbance of contractility and endotoxinemia exists. Starting point of infection and type of bacteria were of no detectable influence. As far as the disturbance of contractility is concerned one must take into consideration the cardiotoxic effect of endotoxin, the influence of shock mediators, lacticemia as well as the decrease of coronary perfusion pressure. PMID- 829603 TI - [Secretion of TSH and stimulation-ability of the hypophysis after long-term suppression therapy in euthyroid nodular goiter and residual thyroid gland after subtotal resection of goiter]. AB - In 51 patients, 33 with euthyroid goiter and 18 after subtotal thyroidectomy, plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH before and after stimulation with TRF were determined under long term suppression with thyroid hormone and 1,2, and 4 weeks after stopping it. Even after complete suppression (delta TSH less than 0, 5 muU/ml) resumption of TSH secretion occurred within 4 weeks in all but two. A significantly higher increase of TSH and somewhat lower thyroid-hormone concentrations turned out in operated patients. An excessive decrease of T3 (and T4) concentrations within the 1st (and 2nd) week after therapy, dependent on the degree of previous TSH suppression, could be due to transitory thyrotropic insufficiency. PMID- 829604 TI - [A new therapeutic principle in hepatic coma: parenteral supply of neutral amino acids]. AB - The effect of two different amino acid solutions given i.v. was investigated in dogs with hepatic encephalopathy after portacaval shunt. The results suggest that (a) isocaloric protein-free nutrition has no impact on the characteristic plasma amino-gram, (b) the infusion of modified concentrations of 6 neutral amino acids may reduce mortality and morbidity in dogs with hepatic coma, and (c) manipulation and normalization of plasma amino acids may be efficacious in providing adequate nutrition while minimizing hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 829605 TI - Prevalence and characterization of resistance to gentamicin in gram-negative bacteria. AB - A survey of the occurrence of resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria revealed a 3-fold increase in the percentage of resistant strains between 1974 (4%), and 1976 (12%). Gentamicin resistance was mainly found in isolates from hospitalized patients. Serratia (35--78%), Proteus inconstans (53--62%), Klebsiella (6--21%), Acinetobacter (9--17%) and Pseudomonas (9--14%) exhibited the highest percentage of resistance to this drug. Gentamicin inactivating enzymes were detected in 16 selected resistant isolates. Of these, ten strains (Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, E. coli) produced the aminoglycoside 2''-adenylyltransferase, five (Proteus, indole-positive) the aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase and one isolate (Proteus mirabilis) the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase. Eight of the 16 strains were able to transfer gentamicin resistance and certain other resistance markers to appropriate receptor strains during mixed cultivation, indicating the presence of transferable plasmid-mediated resistance. PMID- 829606 TI - [Target syndromes and reaction spectra of psychopharmaceuticals. Problems in therapy and research]. AB - Experiments were held not only to determine clinical differences in reaction for neuroleptics and antidepressants, but also to place them in relation to pharmacological data gained from animal experiments. For the tranquilizers, only a scheme of clinical impressions, could be offered since with this group of psychotropics the differences in reaction are as a rule too small to be secured statistically. PMID- 829607 TI - [The position of basic psychopathological syndromes in pharmacopsychiatric research]. AB - In recent years the clinical study of pharmacopsychiatric basic reactions has directed our attention to syndromatic complex-structures in the impulse-range, which we have temed as basic syndromes. In so doing, a series of significant psychotic symptoms are being neglected, when these are not of primary pharmacopsychiatric relevance. This applies particularly to such psychopathological conceptions, which in addition prejudice at the same time a nosological coordination and thereby reduce the valency of other parameters. The limiting of basic psychopathological conditions now allow us to probe syndromatically through polarisation (stimulated-inhibited) and further differentiations in the quantitative and qualitative spheres the psychosis spectrum. The four basic functions discovered hereby (Hyper- and Hypo- as well as Para- and Dys-functions) now show themselves with explicit reference to their nosological independence in various psychopathological planes eg. motoricity, affectivity, perception, power to experience, intrapsychical consumption-modality etc. With a process of this kind in our view not only is psychiatric pathology pharmacotherapeutically determined, but also the medico-curative connection is more exactly definable. Furthermore these results contribute directly to current experimental projects on the use of material for documentation. PMID- 829608 TI - [Psychiatric nosology and indication of psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 829610 TI - [Differential and general effects of psychotropic pharmaceuticals on the human EEG]. AB - Spectrum analyses in the examination of the electroencephalographic effects of psychotropic drugs--Etifoxine and Nomifensine--indicate that apart from the general changes, which appear with Nomifensine for example as an increase in the relative proportion of production of the Beta activity, differential effects also arise. They depend on the individual arrangement of the alpha activity and manifest themselves in a variable course during the change in structure of the electrical activity of the brain, which occurs during the drug-induced decrease in awareness. PMID- 829609 TI - [Substantiation of psychopathological findings in pharmacopsychiatric exploratory research]. PMID- 829611 TI - [The influence of neuroleptics on the emotional anger reaction in animals]. AB - In experimental observations the reaction of anger in cats was tested under the effects of psychotropic drugs. They were inhibited by chlopromazine and trifluoperazine. An even stronger effect on the emotional and in addition on the reaction of aggression is produced by haloperidol. By electrical and chemical stimulation of the anterior section of the hypothalamus and the central substantia grisea the evoked fit of emotion, as regards the vegetative and motor manifestations is repressed by all three preparations; but not as regards the specific components of the anger reaction, like growling and spitting. In further experiments chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and haloperidol were injected into the nucleus amygdalae and in the nucleus caudatus. This resulted in a pronounced tropism in the amygdaloid nucleus, and a lesser tropism in the nucleus caudatus with the neuroleptica of the phenothiazine type. Haloperidol, on the other hand, did not effect the activity of the nucleus amygdalae and creates an obvious tropism in the nucleus caudatus. PMID- 829612 TI - [Psychological studies on the therapeutic effect of atropine and insulin coma as well as the combined atropine-electroshock treatment]. PMID- 829613 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of combination drug therapy in pharmacopsychiatric practice]. PMID- 829614 TI - [Neuroleptic long term care with extremely low doses in psychotic syndromes of paranoid-hallucination type]. AB - About 30 patients with, in some cases, recurring paranoid or paranoid hallucinatory psychoses underwent a long-term treatment--from 2--6 years according to individual cases--with very small doses of powerful neuroleptics (Haloperidol, Triperidol, and occasionally Trisedyl). Relapses, such as remanifestations, which occured in some cases, were easily controlled either in outpatients or in the day clinic. No extrapyramidal symptoms of pharmacogenic defect syndromes were observed. The rehabilitation successes were in part very good to exceptional. PMID- 829615 TI - [Experiences in the long term use of the 24 hour effective neuroleptic "pimozide" (Janssen)]. AB - Pimozid (R 6238 Janssen, Beerse), a neuroleptic similar to the Butyrophenon type has a 24-hour period of effect due to the substance, and was used from 1969 onward on a total of 39 patients, predominantly from the range of schizophrenia types. The objective of thus clinical study was, above all, to plot the extent of its effects, define the optimal range of indications, to determine the most favourable dosage profile and to examine its tolerance in long-term use. Objectifying the medicinal effects, for example recording the psychopathological findings, proved successful with the aid of a syndrom catalogue following the AMP system, in comparison with preceeding and following treatments and considering the social-psychiatric aspects, so that concomitant- and side effects can be ascertained in the same way. The necessary maintenance dose of Pimozid, usually administered once a day, was set in relation to the daily dosage of Haloperidol, which had to be administered 2 to 3 times daily; the results, meanwhile, were compared with those already recorded on the literature. In agreement with this Pimozid proved to be a powerful and well tolerated neuroleptic, even in older patients, with a constant 24-hour effect which is suitable in doses from 1--10 mg/d particularly for long-term out-patient therapy, and above all for psychotics of the paranoid hallucinatory type. PMID- 829616 TI - [Dynamics of schizophrenic apathetic psychosyndrome treated with Navane]. AB - The results of the examinations confirm our own previous observations as well as the observations of other authors concerning the effectiveness of Navane in chronic schizophrenia. They also throw light on the schizophrenic syndrome which is often regarded as an unavoidable defect caused by the chronic process of the disease. The adaptability of the apathetic syndrome--independent of the extent of the changes before treatment--permits in every way the conclusion that this syndrom is a dynamic structure which succumbs to the effects of therapy. PMID- 829617 TI - [Experimental prevention and suppression of neuroallergic diseases]. AB - For concepts of therapy for neuro-allergic diseases, especially of the encephalomyelitis disseminata type the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAEM)--as a neuro-immunological disease of the first order and a classic pattern for the specification of immunological processes--can be used for more and more extensive testing. After an exposition of the different forms of treatment (prevention, suppression and therapy) and their value the possibility of inducing tolerance a versus the encephalitogenic protein is discussed following the EAEM example--taking the view that all measures taken up to now in the case of neuro allergic diseases have been unspecific and consequently not set down. In addition emphasis was laid on the assumption of tolerance induction after sensitization which is important to the formation of a therapy for encephalomyelitis disseminata. PMID- 829618 TI - [Clinical experiences with depot neuroleptics]. AB - Starting out from an assessment of the course of the disease in the case of 27 patients with acute or sub-acute schizophrenia, and 9 suffering from a paraphrenia and 6 patients with paranoic atypical psychoses, an attitude was established with regard to the therapeutic effectiveness of Fluphenazin-Dekanoat, Fluphenazin-Oenanthat and Flupenathixol-Dekanoat. No important distinctions between the combinations appeared. Long-term treatment with depot neuroleptica proved itself a suitable and valuable addition to anti-psychotic therapy. In the case of several patients uninterrupted remissions lasting over 3 years were achieved. PMID- 829620 TI - [Depot fluphenazine as a means of stabilizing remission in cases of schizophrenia]. AB - (1) The use of compounds with a prolonged effect completely does away with the uncontrolled intake of drugs, which leads to a considerable reduction in the number of relapses and exacerbations. (2) It allows a diminution of the maintenance dosage and thereby reduces the occurrence of side-effects and furthermore the danger of the chemo-toxic damaging of a series of inner organs and systems. (3) It facilitates the organisation of the treatment of patients in the hospital, so that a more frequent daily administration of drugs is unnecessary. (4) On the side of the patients, the feeling that their condition is constantly dependent of the intake of drugs is reduced and the notion that they suffer from a chronic incurable disease is weakened. PMID- 829619 TI - [Results of the use of fluphenazine in a depot preparation]. AB - (1) Fluphenazin is a typical neurolepticum. (2) The drug is effective in cases of both acute and chronic schizophrenia. (3) The decanoate has fewer extrapyramidal side-effects than the Oenanthate of the Fluphenazin. (4) The preparation is well tolerated. PMID- 829621 TI - [Depression diagnosis and depression treatment]. PMID- 829622 TI - [Objectification of psychopathological symptoms in patients with a depressive syndrome]. AB - 75 patients, classified as suffering from endogenous depression according to the Kielholz criteria, underwent a 6 week therapy with opium tincture. Following the phenomenological picture, two sub-divisions of syndromes were formed:--inhibited depressive and uninhibited-depressive. These we have compared with each other according to their response to therapy. The depressive symptomatics were objectified in experimental psychology by means of the Beck scale. In the light of the Beck form of enquiry a significantly better response appears in the uninhibited-depressive patients under the influence of opium. Moreover a varying responsiveness of the separate depressive symptoms can be seen in the syndromic sub-divisions. Altogether it can be stated that the Beck scale for recording depressive syndromatics surpasses the general clinical assertion in both objectivity and reliability and has proved itself in the supervision of therapy. PMID- 829623 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of masked depression]. AB - An increase in the developments of somatised illness and the mixture of nosological forms together with a growing tendency towards chronicity are evident in a looming change in the style of depressive psychoses. Vegetative vital emotions remain the leading symptoms of larvate depression. A lasting effect cannot be achieved by means of conventional somatic or sedative treatment. An adequate thymoleptic medication suitable for the main symptoms, incorporating socio- and psychotherapeutic methods for the contributary neurotic determinants, can however achieve an involution of the somatic and emotional symptoms of the vital irritation. For recurrent and increasingly chronic developments a long-term treatment with lithium salts proves successful. PMID- 829624 TI - [Kinetics of lithium]. AB - After administration of easily soluble or ready dissolved lithium salts two phases can be defined in the changes of the blood level, and three in the case of lithium salts with a lesser solubility in water. The first phase from the time 0 to tmax is denoted by a massive invasion into the blood, this is counteracted by the beginnings of absorption into the tissue and elimination through the kidneys. In the second phase the absorption into the blood is returned to a constant even distribution; the absorption in the tissue and renal excretion rise notably. When the distribution is completed, the renal excretion is dominant. The kinetics of lithium are independent of the salt used. The salt, however, because of its solubility in oral administration can influence the absorption kinetics, tmax and the absolute blood level. By using Li2CO3 with a suitable speed of solubility a depot effect can be shown. PMID- 829625 TI - [Methodological experiences in the treatment supervision of lithium prophylaxis of manic-depressive illnesses]. AB - During lithium treatment it was observed that a larger evening dose, due to the definite increase of lithium in the blood, leads to a slight drop of the blood level during the night; and that to maintain a therapeutically defined serum lithium level during the day a smaller dose of lithium is sufficient, particularly in more elderly patients. By plotting a 24-hour the profile best individual dosage can be arranged and a reduction in side-effects thereby achieved. This profile provides numerous advantages for the further strictly organized out-patient care for patients under lithium therapy. By filling out a proforma comparing the amount of serum lithium administered at each set time of the day with the appropriate daily profile, the point where lithium prophylaxis is indicated can be extended even to patients with a slight renal insufficiency, and above all to more elderly patients, for whom a therapeutic serum lithium level can be achieved with a very low dose of 4--4--8 mval/die. After a set period of supervision other fellow specialists can at first be drawn into the system of treatment, and later the general practitioner as well. PMID- 829626 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the course of manic-depressive illnesses under long term lithium treatment]. PMID- 829627 TI - [Aspects of immunosuppressive therapy of multiple sclerosis]. AB - The report consists of a survey of the present state of the immunosuppressive therapy for multiple sclerosis. In agreement with the experiences of other clinics a combination therapy of cyclophosphamid and prednison is favoured. PMID- 829628 TI - [Our experience with lithium prophylaxis in cyclophrenia]. AB - (1) It can be stated from the literature and the analysis of our cases, where 86 patients with Cyclophrenia were under lithium prevention (in 17 cases observation lasted more than 10 months), that this prevention leads to most satisfactory results--with a pronounced alleviation, limiting and shortening of the phases. (2) Since this prophylaxis was a practical cure in the great majority of cases, we have taken steps to circulate this preventative throughout our country, by means of the present network of centres for psychiatric care. PMID- 829629 TI - [The prophylactic effect of lithium salt in affective psychoses with special references to patients with therapeutic failures]. AB - The authors examined the basic reasons for the therapeutic failures of a group of 56 patients. The information concerning the prophylactic cures is similar to that of other authors. The percentage (29) of failures corresponds to the former examinations. This number is influenced by various factors, which are maned in the submitted work. PMID- 829630 TI - [Imipramine in the therapy of schizophrenic psychoses]. AB - Imipramin causes the transmitter at synapses containing catechol amine to remain receptive for a longer time. This leads to an ergotropic dissimilation of the required value and works to prevent parkinsonism; autism is among the main symptoms. It produces dynamic expansion, directs agressive impulses outwards, increases pride, concentration and suspiction. It can set reticent schizophrenic developments in motion. The therapeutic advantage lies in the patient being enabled to adapt himself to existing conditions or achieve this therapeutic guidance. PMID- 829631 TI - [Comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of present methods of treating schizophrenia]. AB - Following the analysis of 5845 cases of schizophrenia taken from different periode during the development of psychiatric methods of therapy between 1926 and 1967, it appears that the therapeutic methods of each particular period are difficult to distinguish from each other as regards effectiveness (in the sense of complete or partial remissions). In comparison, the proportion of improvements brought about during hospitalised treatment showed an important increase, the number of totally unsatisfactory results fell. The psychotropic substances provide the possibility of halting the further deepening of the schizophrenic process, and create good pre-requisites for psychotherapeutic, sociotherapeutic and rehabilitative measures. PMID- 829633 TI - [Changes in cerebrospinal fluid findings with glucocorticoid therapy]. AB - The quality and quantity of the cell and albumin findings in the cerebrospinal fluid taken from 50 patients suffering from an acute onset of an encephalomyelitis disseminata and from 30 patients with vertebrogenic diseases were compared between the two groups before and after glucocorticoid therapy. In the vertebrogenic cases the symptoms did not show any fundamental changes in the composition of the fluid. In the encephalomyelitis disseminata cases a tendency to levelling was observed after this treatment together with decreasing cell numbers and a recession of the relative lymphocytosis which was very marked beforehand. This was interpreted as the result of the unspecific and immunosuppressive effect of the glucocorticoid. Although under the given dosage the intensity of the immune reaction in the fluid remains uninfluenced with regard to plasma cells and an increase in gammaglobulin--a causal therapeutic effect cannot be shown--however, because of the results with regard to the condition of the fluid after the glucocorticoid it is useful for the control of therapy. PMID- 829632 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy of polymyositis]. AB - The polymyositis can in my view be classed with the autoimmunopathies. This classification is supported with the aid of a survey of experimental findings. Consequently a theoretical basis for the justification of an immunosuppressive therapy emerges. The significance of the glucocorticoide in the treatment programme of polymyositis is brought out and the experience with cytostatica (especially Azathioprin, Methotrexat and Cyclophosphamid) obtained up to now by separate observation are dealt with in a short review of the literature and the two own cases, and--because such case report has no representative value- comprised in a pronsional conclusion. Controls of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the blood count, the fibrinogen level and the lymphocyte transformation test have proved a reliable measure for an optimal immunosuppressive effect. Finally an incontrolled administration of cytostatic agents is warned of with reference to mutagenic, teratogenic and oncogenic zequelae. PMID- 829634 TI - [Initial results of a clinical trial of Mebacid (sulfamerazine) in the drug therapy of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 829635 TI - [Experiences with penicillamine in Wilson's disease]. AB - Reports are being made on the principles of treatment of morbus Wilson with the help of seventeen patients and two persons in the pre-clinical stage (asymptomatic). Treatment should be begun as soon as possible in the asymptomatic stage. On the whole the pseudo-sclerosis symptoms react more favourably to treatment than many hypokinetic symptoms. A continuous course of treatment with penicillamine still effects a disappearance of the symptoms even after three to four years. Since evidence of a negative copper balance is widely used in determining the amount of the penicillamine dosage, the measurement of basal copper secretion and copper secretion with the use of penicillamine is discussed as a useful criterion. PMID- 829636 TI - [The influence of centrally acting drugs on flicker fusion frequency]. AB - From the research results given we may conclude that the flicker fusion frequency is reduced not only by tranquillisers but also by neuroleptic drugs. The records obtained of the effect of the dosage can be seen as a measure of the efficiency of this method. It should be established by means of similar experiments, by including additional substances, in which regions of the cortico-retinal system the site of action should be presumed to be. PMID- 829637 TI - [Coupling behavior of central nervous system functions as well as heart rate and respiratory rhythm under the influence of diazepam]. AB - In order to substantiate the subjective feeling of relaxation and mental balance felt after taking Diazepam a new biorhythmometric technique was used, in which the minute-rhythm pulsations were calculated with the aid of autocorrelation analysis from the time series of central nervous functions and cardiorespiratory functions, and their frequency synchronisation recorded as to quantity in the form of a coupling factor. Proof of an improved central nervous co-ordination was that the coupling factor of a relatively uniform test team, all students, after administration of Diazepam (Faustan) was significantly higher than before. If one assumes that the psychosomatic illness, for which the use of Diazepam is considered advisable, are a manifestation of generally disturbed central nervous vegetative reaction condition, then the biorhythmometric survey of the internal co-ordination of relevant physiological functions provides stronger proof than testing with single parameters, between which we also found significant variations (for example, prolongation of the sensorimotor reaction times under Faustan). PMID- 829638 TI - [Biorhythmometric examinations on the action of diazepam on functional disturbances]. PMID- 829639 TI - [P4, a new substance for the treatment of Parkinson syndrome. Initial results of a clinical trial]. AB - In fourteen patients with a pronounced Parkinson syndrome of cerebral atherosclerotic or dostencephalitic genesis, good to very good success can be achieved with an average dosage of 3--4 tablets, three times a day (=45--60 mg) of the test substance, which is a bencilic acid ester preparation. The tremor, hypokinesis, and the psychic syndrome were particularly favourably affected. This success was also achieved in clinical pictures which had already lasted more than ten years. PMID- 829640 TI - [Neuropsychiatric pharmacotherapy, a help or a hinderance in the long term care of oligophrenic children and adolescents]. PMID- 829641 TI - [Treatment of motor restlessness in children]. AB - It is evident that the treatment of a condition of hypermotility and erethism demand a long-term, individually-suited pharmacotherapy. The question of dosage has been left out intentionally, since this must be determined very individually and dependent upon the child's etiology, age group, intellectual capabilities and his general physical constitution. Many-sided psychagoical, psycho- and sociotherapeutic and pedagogical measures also form part of the complex-treatment of a hypermotile pattern of behaviour. PMID- 829642 TI - [Long term therapy with nitrazepam in children with infantile spasms and myoclonic-astatic fits]. AB - Since 1968 54 children with infantile convulsion and myoclonic-static fits have been treated with RADEDORM (minimum dosage 2x1/2 tablets, maximum 1--1,5 mg/kg body weight) in the Neuropediatric department of the University Pediatric Clinic in Leipzig. Most of the patients showed a retarded statical and mental development, 50% pathological neurological results. The results of the therapy (35% free of attacks; in 20% a reduction in frequency of attacks of 75--99%; in 6% of 50--74%, in 39% less than 50%, respectively no effect) can be said to be good. Myoclonic-astatic fits were semowhat less favourably influenced than infantile-convulsions. A combination with grand mal epilepsy also had a negative effect on such cases. The results of the treatment were independent of intelligence and duration of illness, however they were not so good in infants as in young children. The electroencephalogram showed with little exception a considerable conformity with the results of the treatment. The side-effects were relatively small and only seldom demanded a reduction in dosage. PMID- 829643 TI - [Action of blood plasma of schizophrenics treated with psychotropic agents on the human embryonal brain tissue in tissue culture]. AB - The authors report of experimental tests in which the blood plasma from patients with the progressive paralysis, involution-psychosis and basic nuclear schizophrenia was transferred on to embryonic human and rat brain tissue in tissue culture. The blood plasma from schizophrenics brought about the strongest changes in comparison with the other illnesses, which were again weakened when the patients were treated with Aminazin. The effects on embryonic human brain tissue were considerably more pronounced than in the culture of brain tissue from newborn rats. PMID- 829644 TI - [Pharmacogenic tardive dyskinesias and their management]. AB - The results can be related to three syndromes: the choreoathetotic, buccolingual and bucco-facio-mandibular. The author's results are compared with the most significant reviews in medical literature. With regard to the frequency in occurence of these retarded pharmacogenic dyskinesiae, incomparable and differing statements are found in separate authors. In the specific case-reports the quota of secondary or permanent dyskinesiae with chronic psychosics is less than 1/2%. However, the problem is gaining increasingly in importance, since more and more patients are being treated over a long period with neuroleptics. In two-thirds of the cases the disturbances which appeared were favourably influenced by Alpha Mrthyl-Dopa. PMID- 829645 TI - Effect of rapid cooling on toad and guinea pig cardiac muscles. AB - When bathing solution temperature was lowered rapidly to below 5 degrees C, contracture was observed in toad and guinea pig cardiac muscles (Rapid Cooling Contracture, RCC). RCC in toad cardiac muscle was observed even in the presence of TTX and Mn, and enhanced by reducing [Na]o and caffeine. RCC in guinea pig cardiac muscle showed two components; phasic component was dependent on stimulation frequency before cooling, stimulation period, [Ca]o, and [Na]o; tonic component was not dependent on these factors, but was enhanced by reducing [Na]o and in high [K]o solution. From these results, the possible role of Ca ion accumulated at intracellular sequestered sites in cardiac muscle was discussed in relation to excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. PMID- 829646 TI - Possible mode of action of nitroglycerin on heart mitochondria. AB - Nitroglycerin has no effect on the electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rabbit heart mitochondria at 5 X 10(-4) M and lower concentrations. However, it diminished the phosphate-induced energy-dependent potassium fluxes through the mitochondrial membrane in both directions; thus it was able to prevent the impairment of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation produced by increased ion transport. PMID- 829647 TI - Alterations of left ventricular function and regional myocardial blood flow induced by nitrates in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 829648 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin, dipyridamole, and propranolol on glycogen metabolism during coronary artery ligation in dogs. AB - Ligation of one of the small branches of the canine left anterior descending coronary artery produced a typical anaerobic response in the region of myocardium that had been perfused by the ligated artery; the myocardial glycogen and phosphocreatine levels decreased, and the myocardial phosphorylase activity increased after coronary artery ligation. Pretreatment of the dogs with nitroglycerin or propranolol prevented or diminished the typical anaerobic response of the myocardium to coronary artery ligation, but the pretreatment with dipyridamole did not. PMID- 829649 TI - [On the intrathoracic meningocoele. Diagnostic usefulness of myeloscintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - Intrathoracic meningocoele (I.M.) consists of a bulging out of the meninges in the posterior mediastinum through an intervertebral foramen or a bone defect in the thoracic spine. It is a rare condition generally asymptomatic and often associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, whose aetiopathogenesis and clinical significance have not yet been completely clarified. The AA. describe a case of I.M. in a patient with neurofibromatosis who at 37 years of age presented spastic monoparesis in the left lower limb with subacute onset. In this case two abnormally wide intervertebral foramina and scalloping of the posterior rims of the vertebral bodies close to the meningocoele were observed. These changes seem to point to an alteration in bone development as the chief cause of intrathoracic meningocoele in contrast with other aetiopathogenic hypotheses. Excluding the presence of other expansive lesion, spastic monoparesis might be related to a confined medullary involvment due to compression of arterial or venous vessels by the meningocoele. Finally the AA. emphasize the importance of myeloscintigraphy, wich easily allows correct diagnosis by showing a typical pool of radioactive tracer in the meningocoele bulge lateral to the spine. PMID- 829650 TI - [Role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of optic nerve glioma]. AB - Post-mortem findings from 1960 to 1975 are checked for the incidence of neurofibromatosis and optic nerve glioma. Possible genetic causes of these tumors, gained by genealogic examinations of 5 patients operated on for optic nerve glioma, are discussed. PMID- 829651 TI - On germ plasm conservation with special reference to the genus Medicago. AB - As Frankel has indicated, there is ample justification for maintaining international germ plasm centers for preservation of land races and species of a genus; this would appear self-evident on the grounds that extinction involves a permanent loss of gene pools that have required from several centuries to millions of years to evolve. Monoculture is causing extinction of some Medicago species, yet all species of the genus Medicago are of economic importance. Examples are drawn from recent crosses involving wild species of this genus, and we note the rapidly increasing appreciation of the value of annual Medicago species. Their potential future use in the South Temperate Zone countries is discussed. PMID- 829653 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Egypt VII--Urinary enzymes as an index of renal involvement. AB - Enzymuria observed in PCM, especially in severe cases, does not seem to be a simple reflection of the increased serum values and suggests renal involvements. A number of factors among which are :- lowered clearance threshold for certain enzymes as well as rapid wear and tear or renal cells seem to participate in the causation of such enzymuria. Urine enzyme analysis may reflect the extent and state of renal pathology among different forms of PCM. PMID- 829654 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Egypt. Serum and urine amino acid pattern in oedematous forms. PMID- 829652 TI - Intestinal and renal tubular amino acid absorption in oedematous forms of protein calorie malnutrition. AB - The level of total amino acids was determined in plasma and urine in cases suffering from ocdematous forms of PCM before and after receiving a single dose of each of cysteine, tryptophan and lysine. The increase in plasma amino acids following dosing was less in malnourished cases than in controls. Fasting urinary amino acid content in malnourished subjects was higher than in controls and so was also the ratio of urine amino acids collected after dosing to the fasting level. As the study revealed that protein depletion inhibits intestinal absorption and tubular reabsorption, parenteral administration of amino acids is recommended during treatment to escape intestinal loss. Excess oral protein should be given in food to compensate for losses via the gastro-intestinal and renal tracts. PMID- 829656 TI - [A study of functional aspect of the healing process of mandibular fracture (author's transl)]. PMID- 829655 TI - Clinical, biochemical and histochemical studies on infants with Acrodermatitis enteropathica chronica. AB - 7 infants diseased with Acrodermatitis enteropathica and 10 normal controls were included in this study. The values of anthranilic acid glucuronide, 6- aminohippuric, anthranilic acid, N-acetyl Kneurine, Kneurine and 30 H Kneurenine, were estimated in mg/24 hours urine, both basal and after tryptophane load. In addition, histopathological and histochemical studies for lactase, succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and alpha-non-specific esterases activities were done for the intestinal mucosal biopsies. All the previous investigations were then repeated after two months treatment with 500 mg/day diiodohydroxyquinoline. The tryptophan metabolites were significantly low in the diseased infants, both basal and after tryptophan load. Moreover, the intestinal enzymes activities were altered. After 2 months treatment with diiodohydroxyquinoline the diseased infants became clinically improved, tryphtophan metabolites became normal, but the activities of the intestinal enzymes were not altered. The biochemical and histochemical findings were discussed, giving the possibility of competitive inhibition of the diiodohydroxyquinolines and the by-product 8 OH Quinololic acid resulting in more degradation of Kneurine and 3 OH Kneurenine to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 829657 TI - Vitreous carbon implants--an aid to alveolar bone maintenance. PMID- 829658 TI - [Preliminary experiments in purification of waste water by means of algal filters]. PMID- 829660 TI - [Effectiveness of Rifampicin (Rimactan) in the treatment of gonorrhea]. PMID- 829659 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease (generalized neurofibromatosis)]. PMID- 829661 TI - [Chronic sclerosing diffuse osteomyelitis]. PMID- 829662 TI - [Peptide hydrolase activity of the soluble protein fractions of cattle and rabbit cerebral hemispheric gray and white matter]. AB - The neutral peptide-hydrolase activity of the soluble protein fraction of homogenates of whole brain and white and grey matters of bovine and rabbit cerebral hemispheres are significantly reduced on dialysis against water. In the evaporated dialysate the enzymatic activity of the soluble protein fraction is completely recovered. The reduction of peptide hydrolase activity following dialysis is probably due to the decrease of ionic strengths. The peptide hydrolase system of bovine brain is less stable on storage than that of rabbit brain. PMID- 829664 TI - An extended protein coat of some cells in tissue cultures. AB - A proteinlike substance attached to the surface of separate or marginal cells in coverslip cultures (HeLa, HEp2, RK, M7) has been found by interference and also light microscopy after Fast-green staining. The size, concentration and refractive index of this cell coating, for which the authors have suggested the term "extended cell coat", were measured. Its possible role in the regulation of cell growth and a broader interpretation of the cell border are also discussed. PMID- 829663 TI - Effect of sodium-ethylenediamine-tetraacetate on renal function. AB - Renal function was tested after decreasing the plasma ionized calcium level of renal artery. During EDTA infusion, renal blood flow (RBFdir) increased, while CPAH, Ccreat, EPAH and Ecreat decreased. In the left kidney, urinary and sodium excretion did not change significantly, while calcium excretion reached a fifteen fold higher value than the control one. The unchanged urinary and sodium excretion in spite of the decreased glomerular filtration rate may have been due to the osmotic diuretic effect of the Ca-EDTA complex. The decrease of CPAH and EPAH was probably the consequence of a change in the secretory capacity in the absence of Ca++. the vasodilatation occurring in the efferent arterioles during EDTA infusion would serve to explain the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. It is concluded that humoral vasoactive factors, mainly angiotensin, may have an important role in the regulation of the diameter of the efferent arterioles and in this way in the regulation of glomerular function. PMID- 829665 TI - Recent advances in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. PMID- 829666 TI - Serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis. 1 Demonstration and significance of bilharzial antigenaemia. AB - Circulating bilharzial antigens were demonstrated in 39% out of 87 bilharzial patients via the IHA and CF techniques using hyperimmune rabbit anti - S.mansoni worm serum. Correlation between the percentage of positive cases and the age, duration of infection, clinical presentation, type of bilharzial infection, chemotherapeutic effect and the intradermal test (I.D.T.) were made. The percentage of positive cases was found to increase with age and with the duration of infection. More positivity was encountered in hepatosplenomegalic and in S.mansoni-infected cases. Most of the I.D positive cases were also IHA positive, but still some I.D. negative cases were IHA positive. Specific chemotherapy resulted in rise in the number of IHA positive cases which was followed by gradual fall in teh next six months until they became negative. On the other hand, using the CF technique, all cases turned negative after treatment with no phase of augmentation. However, antigenaemia reappeared in few cases. These cases relapsed later. Comparing the results of IHA and CF indicates that each test may be detecting a different group of antigens. PMID- 829667 TI - Some experiences relating to food safety. PMID- 829669 TI - Ecological chemical evaluation of waste treatment procedures: the behavior of xenobiotics in wast composting. PMID- 829668 TI - Medical and toxicological research on dieldrin and related compounds. PMID- 829670 TI - The evaluation of the teratogenic effects of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the Rhesus monkey. PMID- 829671 TI - Ultrastructure of the liver in marasmic Egyptian infants. PMID- 829672 TI - Comparative pharmacological activity of glyceryl trinitrate ointment. PMID- 829673 TI - "An eye for detail--electron microscopy at the dental school". PMID- 829674 TI - The influence of dead and fixed dead tissue in the living organism. III. The tissue reaction to implantation of autologous dead tissue fixed with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. PMID- 829675 TI - [Cyanoacrylates: their use in restorative dentistry]. PMID- 829676 TI - [The use of Sampson clamp in the osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 829677 TI - [The mechanism of action of Class II and Class III elastics during orthodontic treatment (Introduction and management)]. PMID- 829678 TI - [Ossifying fibroma of the mandible]. PMID- 829680 TI - [Treatment planning in periodontics]. PMID- 829679 TI - [Microorganisms as etiologic factor in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 829681 TI - [The role of clinical examination in the diagnosis of certain orthodontic problems]. PMID- 829682 TI - [The use of drugs in the treatment of acute inflammation of the pulp and the periapical tissues]. PMID- 829684 TI - [Examination of the mouth for partial dentures]. PMID- 829683 TI - [The role of microorganisms in the formation of dental plaque. Microbial composition and ratio in dental plaque, sulcus material, tongue and saliva]. PMID- 829685 TI - [Criteria of success in endodontic treatment]. PMID- 829686 TI - [The role of microorganisms in the formation of dental plaque. Microbial composition and ration in dental plaque, sulcus material, tongue and saliva]. PMID- 829687 TI - [In vitro study of the penetration of 3 sealants into pits and fissures, using polarizing microscopy]. PMID- 829688 TI - [Free gingival grafts used to increase the width of attached gingiva. I. Indications and principles of grafting]. PMID- 829689 TI - [Corticotomy and Wassman's maxillary segmental surgery for the correction of maxillary protrusion]. PMID- 829690 TI - [Free gingival auto grafts used to increase the width of attached gingiva. II. Clinical observations and results]. PMID- 829691 TI - [Skeletal Class II deep bite or open bite correction with surgical orthodontic management]. PMID- 829692 TI - [Denture stomatitis]. PMID- 829693 TI - [The traumatized tooth]. PMID- 829694 TI - The use of dental implants as cathodes for D.C. stimulation of osteogenesis in alveolar bone (preliminary report). PMID- 829695 TI - Healed bone over and through three month old size-graded bladevent implants. PMID- 829696 TI - [Case of a cyst of probably sarcosporidian nature in the brain of a bovine]. PMID- 829698 TI - [An experimental study of intraoral carcinogenesis, especially changes of basement membrane of carcinogens to carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 829697 TI - The biological uses and importance of glutaraldehyde. PMID- 829699 TI - The clinical pattern of hypertension in the South African Black population: a study of 1000 patients. PMID- 829700 TI - Electrophoresis of normal lumbar cerebrospinal fluid proteins in the African. AB - Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid obtained from Zambian patients suspected of suffering from central nervous system conditions was concentrated over a hundred-fold and subjected to small-scale cellulose acetate electrophoresis (Millipore). The percentage of each protein fraction was determined by scanning. Only twenty samples were considered normal out of a total of 150 studies. These normal values were not statistically different from those of published data on Europeans and North American Caucasians. The high serum gamma globulin in African subjects is not reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 829701 TI - Tumours within the spinal column. AB - Sixty-six cases of mass lesions compressing the spinal cord are presented. The masses were neoplastic in 86.36% of the cases. Epidural masses (80.30%) remain by far the largest group, consisting chiefly of Burkitt's lymphoma and various metastatic carcinomas. Only 6.06% of the lesions were intramedullary and the glioma/paraglioma remains virtually absent. PMID- 829702 TI - The neurology of metastatic chorion carcinoma. AB - Although chorion carcinoma of the uterus is the seventh commonest in the comparative frequency of malignant tumours seen at the Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (being exceeded in order of commoness by the reticuloendothelial tumours, carcinoma of the cervix, liver, breast, stomach and ovary), it is the most frequent source of tumour deposit of the brain in this hospital. Between 1960 and 1969, 197 Nigerians with chorion cancer of the uterus were admitted to UCH; in twenty-five of them the nervous system was involved during the course of their disease. The neurological involvement presented as acute cerebrovascular accident in fourteen, encephalitis in five; as primary intracranial space-occupying lesion in three cases and in one patient, as cord compression. There were no obvious neurological features in two cases in which necropsy revealed brain metastases. Involvement of the nervous system carries a poor prognosis in chorion cancer of the uterus. PMID- 829703 TI - Gliomas of the brain among Nigerians. AB - At the UCH in Ibadan, Nigeria, we have seen forty-three patients with verified neoplasms of the brain comprising most histologic types of the glioma/paraglioma series. The astrogliomas formed the largest group, followed by the pinealomas in 16.27% and the medulloblastomas and ependymomas, each occurring in 13.95% of the patients. By the end of the third decade of life 83.7% of these neoplasms have become clinically manifest; the largest number being found in the first decade. Just over half (51.16%) of all the neoplasms and also two-thirds of the patients in whom the masses were found in the posterior fossa were children under 15 years. In nearly all cases the duration of symptomatology on admission to hospital was under 6 months. Headaches, papilloedema and altered states of consciousness were frequent; and the prognosis in general has been poor. The classical glioblastoma multiforme and the acoustic neurinoma are quite uncommon in the Nigerian African; but a fairly full spectrum of the 'gliomas' has been clearly identified in the group of primary brain tumours at Ibadan. PMID- 829704 TI - [Cerebral metastasis in Blacks in Senegal]. AB - Twenty-six brain-metastases in black patients, appearing for most of them as primitive, were observed during a period of 11 years in the Neurological Clinic of the Fann U.H.C. in Dakar. They represent 13.9% of brain-tumours and 11.81% of intracranial space occupying lesions. Their etiology is very diversified: lung cancer (4, 15.4%); breast (0); liver (3, 11.5%); digestive tract (3, 11.5%); prostate gland (1); ovaries (1); parotid gland (1); thyroid gland (2); lympho reticulosarcoma (2); melano-sarcoma (1); chorio carcinoma (3); undetermined (5, 11.5%). This series enables us to appreciate differences with African statistics, which are not numerous and with other foreign statistics. The difference of division of cancer in Africa, particularly in Senegal, explains some results such as the relative high frequency of liver-cancer in the etiology of this metastasis. But it is surprising to learn that lung-cancer is frequent and breast cancer absent. Also to be marked is the non-negligible influence of the choriocarcinoma metastasis. Progress in approaching diagnosis, by developing scintigraphy, might facilitate extraction of solitary metastasis more often. PMID- 829705 TI - Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer and benign gastric outlet obstruction. AB - With the standard dose of histamine acid phosphate 40 microgram/kg body weight, the peak and maximal acid outputs were calculated in 102 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer disease, forty-seven controls and forty-seven patients with benign gastric outlet obstruction. The results obtained for maximal acid output showed significant differences between the control group and the other two groups separately. These figures are much lower than values from Western countries, but similar to those reported from studies in non-Caucasians. PMID- 829706 TI - Species differences in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1. AB - The metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in a number of animals was investigated. Aflatoxin B1 is metabolized relatively more slowly in liver slices of sheep than in the mouse, goat, guinea-pig, rabbit and golden hamster. The rate of metabolism of the toxin by the 10,000 g supernatant is faster than the metabolism by liver slices. This may be as a result of the substrate not penetrating the liver cells readily. Species difference exist in the in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by hydroxylation and demethylation. The sheep and White Rock cockerel demethylate aflatoxin B1 poorly but the dog and duck do not demethylate the toxin at all. Of the animals studied, the duck, mouse and White Rock cockerel do not produce aflatoxin M1 at all. The sheep and dog produce aflatoxin M1 in comparatively large amounts, while the rat, goat and golden hamster produce aflatoxin M1 in smaller quantities. PMID- 829707 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in Ibadan. AB - An analysis of the result of administering electroconvulsive therapy (E.C.T.) to 292 patients suffering predominantly from psychosis and depression is presented. The results show that the courses of E.C.T. administered range from three to twenty-five. The most frequently administered course was six to eight. Favourable response to treatment was reported in all diagnostic groups immediately after completing the course but less so in cases of depression and paranoid schizophrenia. The reasons thought to account for this were discussed. It is concluded that there is need for careful selection of patients for E.C.T. PMID- 829708 TI - The significance of hepatitis B antigenaemia in symptom-free blood donors in Kenya. AB - One-hundred and eight blood donors found to have hepatitis B antigenaemia have been examined for evidence of liver disease. In five the liver was enlarged, and in six apparently normal donors there was histological evidence of disease. One or more tests of liver function were abnormal in an additional fifty-three donors without definite evidence of disease. Estimation of serum transaminases was the most reliable test and we recommmend that these be measured in all antigen positive donors. PMID- 829709 TI - Treatment of ankylostomiasis with levamisole. AB - The authors communicate their experience in the treatment of ankylostomiase with levamisole; with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight they achieved a positive result in two-thirds of the cases in a series of 119 without any toxic side effects. PMID- 829710 TI - A review of the causes of death in adult medical wards of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. AB - A review of 462 deaths occurring in a 1-year period from adult medical wards at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital is undertaken. Males are found to outnumber females in the ratio of 2:1. The 25-44 and the 45-64 age groups are found to contain the highest incidence of death. The three main causes of death are found to be strokes, heart diseases and liver diseases. Predisposing factors are discussed. Delay in seeking medical help is thought to contribute in some measure to the overall mortality rate. PMID- 829711 TI - Post mortem coronary arteriography in Nigerians: a radiological review. AB - The findings in 147 unselected consecutive post mortem coronary arteriograms carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are analysed. The so called third primary division of the left coronary artery was noted in 35% of cases which is much less than the 74% quoted for the South African Bantu. In atrial blood supply, there was a definite predominance of one coronary artery. The predominant artery to both atria originated in one-third of cases from the right coronary, in another third from the left coronary and in the remaining third from both coronary artery systems respectively. Only in eight instances was atherosclerotic disease noted and even then, this was of the mildest degree with only minimal and slight intimal irregularity. This further explains the known rarity of myocardial infarction as a cause of death in the Nigerian. The study forms a useful basis for the baseline anatomy of the coronary arteries in Nigerians as a prelude to in vivo studies in the cardiomyopathies. PMID- 829712 TI - Keloids: the natural history. AB - There is abundant evidence in the literature that keloids and hypertrophic scars are different stages of the same process. The evidence, clinical and histogenetic, also shows that the hypertrophic scar is the earlier of the two stages. It therefore follows that all keloids do evolve through the hypertrophic scar phase. These conclusions have largely eased the confusion of nomenclature and made a clinicopathologic correlation of the available knowledge on keloid possible. PMID- 829713 TI - Tumour of the sciatic nerve. AB - A malignant neurilemmoma of the sciatic nerve is described. The requisites for making this diagnosis are discussed. It is pointed out that such tumours are commonly misdiagnosed as lumbar intervertebral discs and that local examination of the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve should be carried out on every patient complaining of sciatica. PMID- 829714 TI - Intraspinal tumours in the Kenya African. AB - Thirty-one cases of intraspinal tumours in the African have been described, with age, sex incidence, frequency, site and histopathology shown. Intraspinal tumours in this series are compared with the larger series. Extradural and intramedullary tumours together with cervical spine tumours appear to be more frequent in this series. There is a high incidence of dumbell tumours in the neurinomas. Sarcomas are the most common type of tumours and mainly affect the thoracic spine. PMID- 829715 TI - Nervous system involvement in malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - One hundred and eighty-three cases with malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses have been studied retrospectively. Sixty-eight showed evidence of involvement of the central nervous system based on clinical findings, X-rays and findings on operation or autopsy. Among these, in thirty-six there was direct extension of the tumour through the base of the skull, commonly into the anterior cranial fossa. In seven there were metastatic deposits in the cranial bones. Twenty-seven presented with clinical features suggestive of involvement of the central nervous system. PMID- 829716 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma in the Sudan. AB - During the period 1962-73 twenty-nine cases of Burkitt's lymphoma were seen and examined histologically in Khartoum, Sudan. Burkitt's lymphoma formed 20% of the cases of childhood lymphomas. The average age at presentation was 6.8 years and the male to female ratio was 3.8:1. The clinical features, the anatomical localization and histological appearances were similar to those reported in the literature. The geographical distribution of the tumour showed close correlation to that of holo- or hyperendemic malaria. PMID- 829717 TI - Management of Burkitt's lymphoma involving the central nervous system. AB - The clinical features and pathogenesis of CNS involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma have been reviewed, with an emphasis on the relevant therapeutic approaches. Certain "prophylactic" measures have been suggested and several are currently undergoing clinical trial. These include the use of CCNU, a nitrosourea which effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, and the use of craniospinal irradiation early in the course of treatment. Malignant pleocytosis can be palliated by the use of intrathecal chemotherapy, but malignant cells in peripheral nerves or deep in the sulci of the brain parenchyma will be relatively inaccessible to drugs in the circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A bilateral approach (i.e. simultaneous systemic plus intrathecal chemotherapy) may kill cells lodged in this anatomic sanctuary, and the increased use of cytotoxic drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier may facilitate this approach. PMID- 829718 TI - The histopathology of early hepatic schistosomiasis. PMID- 829719 TI - Hepatic changes induced by Schrebera alata (Hochst): a preliminary report on the toxicology of II kau kawa. AB - Schrebera alata is a deciduous fuel tree from which the Samburu people in Northern Kenya obtain bark for medicinal purposes. A pharmacologically active principle that produces analgesic effects can be extracted from the bark with hot water. When administered to rats daily for a period of 6 weeks, the extract of bark (referred to as II kau kawa by the Samburu) caused reduced activities of succinic dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is involved in oxidative processes, and cholinesterase in heart and liver tissues. Histological sections from the liver revealed extensive cellular degeneration and small areas with necrotic lesions. Only that fraction of the bark extracts which contained components less soluble in alcohol produced such lesions within a 2 weeks period. The same fraction is associated with pharmacological activity. Since hepatic injuries occur frequently and the incidence of primary hepatic carcinoma is high in tropical areas, the role of natural toxins as aetiologic factors for cirrhotic conditions must be adequately clarified. It is apparent that bark from S.alata possesses some toxicity and its effects on the liver indicate it can contribute significantly to prevalent hepatocellular damages. PMID- 829720 TI - Indirect fluorescent and haemagglutinating antibodies to malaria in Nigerian students resident in Washington D.C., U.S.A. AB - Fluorescent and haemagglutinating antibody tests were performed on sera collected from fifty-two adult African students from a holoendemic region of malaria in Nigeria. Period of continuous residence in the U.S.A. among members of the group varied from 2 days to nearly 10 years. None has been diagnosed as having malaria since resident in the U.S.A. and none had taken any form of anti-malaria drug prophylaxis since departure from Nigeria. Both tests indicated that all the students had probably had a past infection with falciparium malaria. All gave a positive reaction to fluorescent antibody (FA) test and in 70% indirect haemagglutination (IHA) titres of 1:16 and above were demonstrated. Twenty-three per cent had FA titres of 1:4096. The malarial antibody titre levels decreased with increase in the interval since last exposure. Generally, the IHA titres were lower than the FA. No malaria parasite was seen in the blood of the students on the one occasion they were examined. The high titre values recorded in those who have been away from the endemic region for over three years suggests that falciparum parasites may persist in the body longer than the usually accepted limit of 3 years. PMID- 829722 TI - The degree of calcification and the weight of pineal glands in Ugandan Africans. AB - Two hundred formalin fixed, isolated pineal glands from Ugandan Africans have been X-rayed in consecutive unselected post mortems using a laboratory X-ray machine. The degree of calcification has been divided into four stages and according to this up to 43% of all pineal glands after the age of 10 years are likely to be detected in an ordinary skull X-ray. In females the pineal glands have been more often calcified and heavier than in males, however the stalk of pineal glands in males has shown more frequent calcifications than in females. The average weight per decade has been almost constant throughout the life span. In Ugandan Africans the pineal glands were significantly lighter than in Caucasians and possible reasons for this feature are discussed. PMID- 829721 TI - Cultured peripheral lymphocytes: one biologic indicator of potential drug hazard. PMID- 829723 TI - Plasma angiotensin II levels in African hypertensives. AB - Plasma angiotesin II levels were measured by immunoassay in twenty-seven Zulus with raised arterial pressures. Angiotensin levels were higher in patients with malignant than benign essential hypertension, mean values being 260.2 and 90.7 mumicrogram/ml with stanard deviations of 119.4 and 25.1 respectively (P = less than 0.0005). PMID- 829724 TI - The relationship of skin temperatures of clothed adults to ambient temperature in a warm environment. AB - In forty-one apyrexial adult male patients, who were clothed in light-weight cotton pyjamas, mean skin temperature was determined and, simultaneously, ambient temperature and the temperature of air space under clothing were measured. Both mean skin temperature and the temperature of the air space under clothing showed a linear increase with ambient temperature. Heat loss by vapourization of water is known to have a curvilinear relationship to ambient temperature. Application of the temperature relationships obtained in this study to the vapourization curve indicates that clothing shifts the point of sharp upward inflection of the curve to the left; and, if ambient temperature is to be employed to predict the amount of cutaneous water loss in clothed individuals, the extent of this shift must be determined. The data obtained in the present study has been applied to studies of evaporative water loss in Lagos. PMID- 829725 TI - Arthropathy in sickle cell disease. PMID- 829726 TI - Metastatic tumours of the brain and its enveloping structures in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Fifty-two cases of secondary tumours of the brain and its enveloping structures which were encountered at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria bewteen January 1965 and December 1970 are reported. All lesions were hisologically verified, forty-six at autopsy and the remaining six from biopsy specimens of the skull deposits. There were forty females and twelve males; 77% of the subjects were in the third, fourth and fifth decades of life, 15% in the sixth and seventh, and the rest in first two decades. Thirty-four of the metastases were found in the substance of the brain and the remaining eighteen in its enveloping structures (the scalp, skull and dura-mater). Of the thirty-four brain secondaries, twenty-four (70%) originated from chorion carcinoma of the uterus, six from the lungs and two each from the breast and kidney. Metastases to the skull came from many sources--cervix, uterus, prostate, adrenals, liver, bladder colon and the thyroid gland. Of the later group, follicular thyroid carcinoma was the commonest single source of secondaries. PMID- 829727 TI - A critical evaluation of the carcinogenic role of amoebiasis with special reference to a case of double primary malignancies. AB - The case of a 45 year old man with double primary malignancies of unrelated organs--namely, amoebiasis-associated colo-rectal and renal cell carcinomas, is reported. The problem of carcinogenic role of amoebiasis in particular and that of parasitic diseases in general, is discussed and the literature briefly reviewed. PMID- 829728 TI - Cancer and the consumption of home-produced alcoholic drinks in Zambia: a possible correlation. AB - Evidence has been obtained which suggests that a significant corrlation exists between the drinking of home-produced grain-based alcoholic beverages and the level of incidence of cancer of the oesophagus in parts of Zambia. A similar correlation has been reported from other parts of the continent of Africa. Large numbers of samples of Zambian beers and spirits were screened to discovered what might be the causative agent of the disease. Two major contaminants were found: (i) high levels of zinc, iron and sometimes of copper; (ii) nitrosamine-like compounds. The former results from the use of old metal drums during production of the drinks, but their carcinogenic effects are doubtful. The latter are highly potent carcinogens whose presence has been shown in a wide range of foodstuffs in recent years. At this stage it is impossible because of analytical problems to assert with absolute certainty which of the nitro-so compounds are present. The investigation is continuing and it is hoped that a reliable and relatively easy analytical procedure will soon be available. PMID- 829729 TI - The significance of the enlargement of the aortic shadow in adult Nigerians. AB - A study of the width of the aortic shadow and of the cardiothoracic ratios in 183 chest radiographs, of persons over the age of 35 years, shows that hypertension produces a constant enlargment of the aortic shadow. The study suggests that gross enlargement, in the absence of disease of the aorta or of the aortic valves, is a result of hypertension. The authors suggest that this enlargement is valuable in delineating a sub-group of cases of myocardial failure in which the primary cause of failure may be hypertension. Cases with gross aortic arch dilation and no detectable cardiovascular disease often have cardiomegaly. The question of the possibility of remission of untreated hypertension is raised. PMID- 829730 TI - The therapy of Hodgkin's disease in Nigeria: a five year study. AB - Between 1970 and 1974 seventy patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease were admitted and treated in University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, out of which fifty (71.4%) had well documented chemotherapy. Standard combination chemotherapy of COPP/MOPP i.e. cyclophosphamide or mustine hydrochloride, oncovin, procarbazine and prednisolone was used on nineteen cases. Of these, twelve (63.2%) achieved complete remission. The longest survival to date is 4 years. Two patients (4%) had surgical excision of the affected lymph node and are alive and disease-free after 4 years of this treatment. They have had no maintenance therapy. The two patients (4%) in whom surgical removal of glands was followed by combination chemotherapy are also alive, well and disease free. Four patients had single agent therapy (Endozan) and died soon after starting treatment. One patient died shortly after diagnosis before therapy was instituted. Of the group treated with MOPP or COPP, all the patients were clinically stage IV and sixteen of the nineteen (84.5%) had histological mixed cellularity type of Hodgkin's disease. We confirm that combination chemotherapy gives very good tumour response and longest survival to patients with Stage IV disease. The main problems encountered during the period were the difficulty and the irregularities of supply of the chemotherapeutic agents. Better results can be obtained if these problems and that of high default rate can be solved. PMID- 829731 TI - Treatment of gonorrhoea with a combination of probenecid and procaine penicillin in Rwanda. AB - Treatment of acute gonorrhoea with 1 g of probenecid orally followed after 1 h by 4.8 M-units of procaine penicillin intramuscularly yielded a 97.4% cure in men. The cure rate of 81.8% in women is not so satisfactory but the fact that the patients, mostly prostitutes, were chronically infected must be considered. The incidence of post-gonococcal urethritis in men was 34%. Disc sensitivity of neisseria gonorrhoea showed a similar pattern of mostly resistant strains for streptomycin, as in Uganda and Kenya. Ninety-four per cent of strains are sensitive to penicillin but these results must be confirmed by the more reliable dilution method. It is concluded that the treatment schedule studied, eventually simplified by the administration of probenecid and injections of penicillin simultaneously, can be recommended as a standard treatment for gonorrhoea in Rwanda. PMID- 829732 TI - [Leptospirosis in a Dakar hospital: results of a new survey]. AB - The incidence of leptospirosis in West Africa is still almost unknown. Doubtful or positive serological tests were found in approx. 35% of the patients admitted to the hospital, among which leptospirosis could clinically or biologically be suspected. This rather high proportion reflects the frequency of recent or past contacts with leptospira antigen. It is in agreement with the high infestation prevalence observed among several domestic or wild animals, besides small rodents. On the countrary, it should be noted that the leptospirosis-illness, at least in its pure form, with its characteristic hepatic, renal and neurological signs, is seldom seen. Seven typical cases only (among which five at the hosptical Le Dantec) have been diagnosed in Dakar during these last 6 years. Even taking into account that the proportion of atypical, fruste or undiagnosed forms is not negligible, leptospirosis does not appear to be a major medical problem in Senegal. PMID- 829733 TI - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in healthy North Nigerian university students. AB - The technique recommended by the International committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) was utilized for determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 'healthy' young Nigerian students living in the northern part of the country. Ninety-five point eight percent of a sample of 188 cases showed values within the Westergren norm for the first hour viz. 2.6 mm for males and 8.4 mm for females. A detailed follow up during the second hour revealed that 80% were within the norm for the second hour. The second hour elevations in apparently healthy subjects never exceeded 42 mm into the pathological range which would invalidate its use as a screening test in Nigeria for a young student population. The effects of standardization of technique and the changing age nutrition parameters of populations on the phenomenon of erythrocyte sedimentation is evaluated in the context of the view that the 'African normal' is higher than in temperate countries. PMID- 829735 TI - Kiganda concepts of pregnancy. AB - This paper discusses the conceptual categories used by the Baganda, to describe the events of normal and abnormal pregnancies. Kiganda knowledge of obstetrics is based upon observations of uterin size, foetal movements, amenorrhoea, vaginal bleeding and the delivery of the dead or alive foetus itself. This paper shows the relationship between Western obstetric categories, and those of the Baganda, and how, although the classification of the latter differs from that of the former in the terms used, it comprehensively descirbes all the types of normal and abnormal pregnancy that Western obstetrics recognizes. PMID- 829734 TI - Effects of metaraminol, insulin and trasylol on the responses to haemorrhage in dogs. AB - The effect of addition of metaraminol, insulin and trasylol to fluid replacement with glucose-saline, on the responses to haemorrhage (30% of blood volume) in dogs, was investigated. Addition of metaraminol significantly increased the blood sugar and lactate responses to haemorrhage; the lactate-pyruvate (L/P) ratio, plasma phosphate and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were also significantly increased. A delayed hypotension was observed. Responses to haemorrhage during infusion of glucos-saline + insulin showed reduced blood sugar, blood lactate, pyruvate, and L/P ratios, plasma inorganic phosphate and FFA were diminished while, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) changes were significantly higher than the glucose-saline group. Infusion of trasylol in glucose-saline did not significantly affect the blood sugar, lactate, and pyruvate resonses and the L/P ratio. Plasma phosphate response was also like the control group. The responses of plasma FFA and of MABP in this group were significantly higher than glucose saline group. The mechanisms of these effects and the significance of thse results are discussed. PMID- 829736 TI - Behaviour therapy as an adjunct to treatment of systematized delusion-a case report. AB - Systematized delusion can sometimes be very difficult to treat. In the present case of identity confusion in a single girl, operant conditioning technique was employed when physical and other forms of psychological treatment had failed. The patient's system of delusion was dissolved and she remained symptom free 12 months after discharge. PMID- 829738 TI - Casual blood pressures and their possible relation to age, body weight, Quetelet's index, serum cholesterol, percentage of body fat and mid-arm muscle circumference in three groups of northern Nigerian residents. AB - Blood pressures were determined for rural outpatients, soldiers and university students. There was no consistent change of systolic blood pressure with age until the sixth decade but even here, the rise could be due to the inclusion of a relatively high number of hypertensive subjects in the sample mean. Diastolic blood pressures show a steady rise with age consistent with the decreased elasticity of arteries with age. Diastolic pressures are remarkably low and probably reflect a general vasodilation necessitated by the hot day-time temperatures of this environment to facilitate heat loss and maintain body temperature. Dietary and psychological influences may also be involved. Pulse pressures are predictably high and decrease with age. Hypertension was observed in many groups although totally absent in some. Body weight significantly correlates with systolic and diastolic pressures in 13-19-year old adolescents probably because during this period of rapid growth blood pressure changes parallel changes in body build. In most other groups blood pressures show no consistent relationship with either body weight, Quetelet's index, mid-arm muscle circumference, serum cholesterol or percentage of body fat. PMID- 829737 TI - The nutritional status of the Fur people of Jabel Marra. AB - The nutritional status of the adult Fur people of Jabel Marra of Western Sudan was assessed by means of physical anthropometry, haematologic and serum protein measurements. The results of the anthropometric survey show a high incidence of low weight for height in comparison with caucasean standards. The muscle mass as indicated by the upper arm circumference is also smaller than expected by European standards. The upper arm muscle circumference, however, is only marginally lower than the above standards. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is found to fall within the lower range of normal in comparison to available standards. The results are discussed in the light of findings in other African countries with similar ecology and socio-economic conditions. The haematological and serum proteins results reveal a high incidence of anaemia especially in women. As the R.B.C. count was not done in this work the type of the anaemia cannot be ascertained. The value of cross-sectional nutritional surveys for the establishment of baseline data for future assessment of development is indicated. PMID- 829739 TI - Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in an African-case report. AB - The case history of a typical case of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is described. A 21-year-old male Ugandan African presented with his second attack of complete flaccid tetraplegia. Serum potassium levels, ECG changes ,nd response to therapy were entirely consistent with the diagnosis. Family history was negative. It is possible that this rare disorder has not previously been reported in an African. Possible mechanisms involved in the disorder are briefly discussed. PMID- 829740 TI - Peroneal musclar atrophy (of Charcot-Marie-Tooth) in two African brothers. AB - The case of two elderly Africans, sons of the same father and mother, with muscle wasting typical of peroneal muscular atrophy (of Charot-Marie-Tooth) is reported. They also showed clinical features of peripheral neuropathy, the presence of which was confirmed by motor nerve conduction studies. They alleged that insidious onset occurred at the late age of about 40 years. It is possible that this very uncommon disease has not previously been reported in Africans. PMID- 829741 TI - [General characteristics of rheumatoid polyarthritis in Senegal]. PMID- 829742 TI - Plasma immunoglobulin levels in Nigerian infants in the first year of life. AB - Serial estimations of plasma immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA were undertaken in the first year of life of healthy Nigerian infants by the single radial immunodiffusion method. High levels of IgG present at birth dropped below half their values in the first month of life and remained low for about four months after which a sustained rise was observed although birth levels were not attained at 1 year of age. IgM was low at birth and IgA was absent but was detached at one month. Both IgM and IgA rose rapidly in the first four months of life which is in keeping with immunological competence and primary antibody response to various subclinical infections in infancy. PMID- 829743 TI - Enhanced fibrinolysis in Nigerians--probable contributory factor to low prevalence of atherosclerosis in the Nigerian. AB - Results of more detailed study of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in Nigerians is reported. A relatively short euglobulin lysis time (ELT, range 75.87-196.08 units) in the males was observed, while a longer time (49.50-98.04 units) was observed in females aged 19-35 years. The mean concentrations of fibrinogen (0.41+/-14 g/100 ml) and plasminogen (2.45+/-1.03 Casein units) which are reported, the latter for the first time in this population are similar to values in other populations. Although plasminogen/plasmin inhibitors were not separately determined in this study, results of the ELT suggest that this was probably due to increased activator activity, and supports a previous suggestion that this increased activator activity may be a mechanism of the enhanced ELT in the males examined. PMID- 829744 TI - Pulmonary function studies in Nigerian sportsmen. AB - Lung function studies in Nigerian sportsmen were performed during the Western State Sports Festival. The sportsmen comprise 259 males and 151 females. They were made up of secondary school students, University undergraduates, young clerical and technical workers and soldiers. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were performed using the wedge bellows vitalograph. The results of the investigation are presented. It was observed that the mean FVC and FEV1 values were lower than the predicted mean values of normal Nigerians when matched for age, sex, height and weight. However, the mean observed FVC value of athletes was higher than the observed FVC value of non athletes. It was also noted that the mean FVC value of the sportsmen correlates with their sporting events, which are determined by the extent of regular and strenuous physical training. PMID- 829745 TI - [Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in a 3 percent solution]. PMID- 829746 TI - [Action of a new drug in some acute rhinopathies and their allergic basis]. PMID- 829747 TI - Does postbrachial deafferentation modify the cortical responses to forelimb stimulation? AB - Epidural evoked potential recordings were performed in four macaque monkeys on peripheral nerve stimulation, before and after spinal transection, to evaluate whether the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon could be demonstrated in this manner. No change in evoked potentials from upper extremity stimulation was seen after mid-thoracic spinal cord transection. PMID- 829749 TI - Partial characterization of the factor VIII-stimulating material of rabbit liver perfusates: relationships to rabbit plasma factor VIII. PMID- 829748 TI - [Importance of the determination of plasma chorionic somatomammotropin in high risk pregnancy]. PMID- 829750 TI - Long-term psychiatric care in Ontario: the Homes for Special Care Program. AB - During the last decade in Ontario large numbers of patients with chronic psychiatric disorders have been discharged from the mental hospitals and are now scattered throughout other psychiatric facilities. The Homes for Special Care Program offers privately run but government-funded accommodation for severely disabled patients with relatively stable and socially acceptable behaviour, who require residential or nursing care but are thought unlikely to benefit from further hospital treatment. Salient features of the program include the formal discharge of patients from hospital and their legal reinstatement as "persons", the cessation of active psychiatric treatment, and the provision of ongoing care and supervision by largely untrained personnel. Medical care is provided by general practitioners and the program looks to volunteer agencies to provide recreational and other activities for residents. PMID- 829751 TI - High doses of insulin said not needed in ketoacidosis. PMID- 829752 TI - Antenatal prophylaxis reduced Rh immunization during pregnancy. PMID- 829753 TI - Hormonal control of lactation. PMID- 829754 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition in Eygpt. Proteinuria in marasmus. A possible differentiating factor between acutely and chronically developed cases. PMID- 829755 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in Egypt. V--Serum enzymes as indices of liver involvement. PMID- 829756 TI - Intravenous feeding with fructose complicated by jaundice. PMID- 829757 TI - The value of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin analysis in clincial neurology. AB - The IgG index (formula: see text) corrects for the influence of serum protein abnormalities as well as a bloodbrain barrier damage and is, therefore, a better measure for the presence of an IgG elevation in CSF due to IgG synthesis, when compared with other IgG quotients commonly used. Agar gel electrophoresis of CSF for demonstration of oligoclonal IgG is probably superior to the determination of the IgG index when a diagnosis of MS is suspected. Determination of kappa and lambda light chain antigenic determinants in CSF, and calculation of the kappa/lambda ratio may also be used to demonstrate the occurrence of oligoclonal CSF immunoglobulins. An abnormal ratio can, however, be demonstrated only in 50% of MS patients and has, therefore, at present no place as a routine diagnostic method when MS is suspected. PMID- 829758 TI - Piglet losses due to parenteral application of iron-dextran preparations. PMID- 829759 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency on carbonic anhydrase activity, zinc and copper content of some organs in rats. PMID- 829760 TI - Spreading of virus infection among wild birds and monkeys during the influenza epidemic caused by the Victoria(3)75 variant of a(H3N2) virus. PMID- 829761 TI - [Immuno-electro-diffusion. A fast method for the diagnosis of hydatid cyst]. PMID- 829762 TI - [Esophageal carcinoma associated with a chagasic megaesophagus (report of a case)]. PMID- 829763 TI - Some observations of the projection to VPMpc from the so-called 'frontal opercular pure taste area'. AB - The essential projection to VPMpc from the area located between the diagnonal sulcus and the arcuate sulcus in the buried cortex of the Sylvian fissure in monkeys was observed with the silver impregnation method of Nauta-Gygax. This area does not seem to project to VPM, VPL and Vpi. it is located far rostral to SI and SII. This observation may give the anatomical basis of the existence of a 'frontal opercular pure taste area' not relating to the tactile or alimentary systems. PMID- 829764 TI - Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellothalamocortical projections. AB - Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellothalamocortical projections of cats and monkeys are presented and discussed, referring mainly to the mechanisms of thalamocortical (TC) projections. Two types of TC projections, deep and superficial, were distinguished electrophysiologically. The former corresponds mostly to the 'specific' TC projection system which can be traced with conventional histological methods, whereas the latter constitutes the final direct TC pathway of the recruiting systme ('nonspecific' or 'diffuse' TC projection system). Superficial TC neurones were identified electrophysiologically in the thalamus and their distinctive responses were demonstrated in relation to cortical recruiting responses, spindling waves and desynchronized activation of the cortex due to the midbrain reticular formation. The characteristics of superficial TC projections and their cortical distributions appear to indicate that the superficial TC projections are much more developed in primates, probably most in the human, and that they convey the impulses responsible for more associative and elaborate integrations in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 829765 TI - Connections from the basal ganglia to the thalamus. AB - Many data suggest that the basal gnaglia exerts an indirect influence onto the motor cortex through the thalamus which receives pallidal and nigral efferences. According to the anatomical data, the internal segment of globus pallidus projects to the VL-VA and CM of thalamus and the substantia nigra sends axons ending in the VL and VA with an intranuclear organization which did not overlap the pallidal terminations. The electrophysiological records in the VL-VA nucleus demonstrates that pallidal stimulation induces an inhibitory response, mainly on thalamic neurons, which does not receive cerebellar input. If spreading of excitation is avoided, nigral stimulation also induces an inhibition at the thalamic level. This inhibitory effect can be recorded on relay cells with cerebellar input and cortical output as well as on nonrelay cells. The electrophysiological results in the case of the striatopallidal and striatonigral projections are also briefly reported. PMID- 829766 TI - Chemical aspect of the thalamus of the rhesus monkeys. AB - Thalamic lesions failed to affect the biosynthesis and storage of monoamines on the lesion side of the striatum of normal monkeys and of monkeys with ventromedial tegmental lesions. Distribution of cholinesterase in histochemical coronal, horizontal and sagittal sections suggest a strong chemical modulation of thalamic activity from basal ganglia and related structures projecting to neo- and paleostriatum. It is suggested that the thalamus is the second or third order modulator of the brain. PMID- 829767 TI - Reassessment of rectal approach to neuropathology in childhood: review of 307 biopsies over 11 years. PMID- 829768 TI - Health services research: why and how? AB - It is useful to divide medical research into three areas: biomedical, clinical, and health services research. The areas partly overlap, and health services research is also related to social services research. Research is carried out to solve problems and is an instrument for change. Health services research has developed over the last ten years in response to increasing problems in many health services. Superficially, these problems are caused by insufficient resources, but no service can hope to pay its way out of them. Some may be fairly accurately investigated, like need, demand, and utilization of care. Others are more complicated, e.g. evaluation of care, defining standards, and cost--benefit analyses. A few deal with fundamental values, like quality of life and responsibility of individuals and societies. So far, health services research has led to greater emphasis on primary care, but it is fair to say that it has not managed to infiltrate the service and influence people's attitudes and ambitions. In the future, one must bring health services research inside the service and involve the professionals more deeply. One must support prevention studies, attack the ethical and clinical problems related to quality of life, study the potential of non-professional support in the community, and promote rational attitudes among professions, patients, people and politicians. The task is never ending and health services research, therefore, must be part of the programme of all medical schools. PMID- 829770 TI - [Purpose of budget planning (II)]. PMID- 829771 TI - Hypoglycaemic coma with Daonil. PMID- 829769 TI - The assessment of efficacy, toxicity and quality of care in long-term drug treatment. AB - Drug studies in man are usually divided into four phases. The first phase is to establish that the drug has a pharmacological action in man and in which dose range it occurs. The second phase is a study of the therapeutic effect of the drug in small numbers of closely observed patients. The third phase consists of large-scale studies which may involve hundreds or thousands of patients; such studies are designed to accumulate less detailed information about efficacy and to provide information about low frequency toxic events. At the end of this stage the drug is submitted to a regulatory body for a license to market it. Information derived from these studies usually has several important deficiencies. There is unlikely to be much evidence about the efficacy of the drug in relation to that of other substances used to treat the same condition. The carefully regulated conditions of the clinical trial may bear little relationship to the way the drug will be used in practice. Most important, the evidence obtained on efficacy may relate chiefly to the pharmacological action of the drug, e.g. in lowering blood pressure or blood sugar, or reducing inflammation, and may not bear directly upon therapeutic outcome. For these reasons much attention is being focused on monitoring of the way drugs are used after marketing. To provide evidence of therapeutic efficacy may require studies of such large scale and high cost that they are beyond the research of individual pharmaceutical companies and will require national or international action. Monitoring of the way drugs are used inevitably means studying not just the performance of the drug but also of the doctors who prescribe it. Studies that have been made of the quality of care of patients treated with anti-hypertensive drugs and those requiring anticoagulants are not reassuring concerning the general level of such quality. PMID- 829772 TI - White sponge nevus of the oral mucosa. PMID- 829773 TI - Prevention in today's economy. PMID- 829774 TI - Nutrition action now. PMID- 829775 TI - A plea for high practice standards in radiography. PMID- 829776 TI - Medicare and Medicaid need revision. PMID- 829777 TI - [Cost and benefit of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries (author's transl)]. PMID- 829778 TI - [Relationship between a fermented milk beverage and factors involved in dental caries formation]. PMID- 829779 TI - [The influence of exposed cementum on the regeneration of periodontal tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 829780 TI - [Experimental gingivitis by feeding soft food containing sucrose. Repeated observation in a macaca irus monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 829781 TI - Effects of extraoral forces in the dentofacial complex of the macaca irus. PMID- 829782 TI - [Roentgenographic cephalometer for experimental animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 829784 TI - [Studies on experimental production of carcinoma of the tongue. XI. Histological changes of carcinogenesis in the lateral border of the middle third of the tongue by painting DMBA alone (author's transl)]. PMID- 829783 TI - [The analysis of strain and displacement, produced by the Kloehn type face bow in the dry skull of the macaca irus (author's transl)]. PMID- 829785 TI - [Studies on the actinomyces espcially serological observations by means of gel diffusion method and immunoelectrophoresis method (author's transl)]. PMID- 829786 TI - [Experimental zygomatic arch resection in the Cebus apella. II. The influence on the architecture of the skull]. PMID- 829787 TI - [Center of the hypophyseal fossa of man and anthropomorphes. Study of oriented teleradiographs]. PMID- 829789 TI - [What are the actual expenses of tax litigation? The risk of cost must be evaluated]. PMID- 829790 TI - [Dental technical laboratories and whole sale of dental materials and equipment]. PMID- 829791 TI - [Development of dental technology with regard to the new contracts]. PMID- 829788 TI - Plasma and tissue protein binding of drugs in pharmacokinetics. PMID- 829792 TI - The influence of vitamin A deficiency on foetal development in pigs with special reference to eye organogenesis. PMID- 829793 TI - GLC determination of a novel polyvalent saluretic agent, (6,7-dichloro-2-methyl-1 oxo-2-phenyl-5-indanyloxy)acetic acid, in biological fluids. AB - Highly specific and sensitive GLC methods were developed for the determination of (6,7-dichloro-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-phenyl-5-indanyloxy)acetic acid, a novel saluretic uricosuric agent, in biological fluids. The procedures involve the addition of an internal standard, (6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-1-oxo-5-indanyloxy)acetic acid, to the biological specimens followed by extraction of the acids into benzene at pH 1. The indanones are back-extracted into sodium hydroxide and reextracted into methylene chloride under acidic conditions. The acids are subsequently converted to the methyl esters for GLC analysis by reaction with diazomethane. The sensitivity of the method is such that 1.0 microgram of material/ml of plasma can be analyzed using a flame-ionization detector. When the derivatized samples are analyzed using a 63Ni-electron-capture detector, the sensitivity is such that 2.5 ng of compound can be detected. These levels are suitable for the analysis of samples obtained following a therapeutic dose. A recovery of 98.8 +/- 11.9% was obtained using the electron-capture method for plasma (n = 322). Recoveries using flame ionization were 99.1 +/- 4.4% (plasma, n = 207) and 99.8 +/- 4.9% (urine, n = 163). Quantitation of the major ring hydroxylated metabolite (in chimpanzee and human) was accomplished following silylation of the methyl esters. PMID- 829794 TI - A fatal case of diabetic coma with keto-acidosis (a case report). PMID- 829796 TI - [Current concepts related to the cranial postnatal growth]. PMID- 829795 TI - Possible nuclear-cytoplasmic transfers in the exconjugants of Stylonychia mytilus: ultrastructural observations. PMID- 829797 TI - [Jaw cysts. Clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829798 TI - [Intraoral arrangement of anterior teeth in immediate complete dentures]. PMID- 829800 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions using the co-planar-edgewise technic]. PMID- 829799 TI - [2-year clinical observations on composite resins for Class II restorations]. PMID- 829801 TI - [Orthopantomographic X-ray findings, not due to jaws or teeth, and their interpretation]. PMID- 829802 TI - [Jaw cysts. Clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829803 TI - [Current radiotherapy in oral cavity cancer]. PMID- 829804 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions using the co-planar edgewise technique]. PMID- 829805 TI - [Jaw cysts. Clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829806 TI - [Torque forces applied through rectangular wires]. PMID- 829808 TI - [Preparation of and preliminary training of patients with complete dentures]. PMID- 829807 TI - [Oral tissue damage induced by radiotherapy]. PMID- 829809 TI - [Precancerous lesions of the mouth. Histochemical and pathologo-anatomical study]. PMID- 829810 TI - [Jaw cysts. Clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829811 TI - [Dental health education]. PMID- 829812 TI - [Precancerous lesions of the mouth. Histochemical and anatomopathological studies]. PMID- 829814 TI - [Jaw cysts. Clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829813 TI - [Orthodontic treatment in adults]. PMID- 829815 TI - [Acid etched enamel-sealant interface]. PMID- 829816 TI - [Intermaxillary fixation using the Dal Pont method]. PMID- 829817 TI - [Cases of orthodontic treatment in adults]. PMID- 829818 TI - [Jaw cysts. A clinical and statistical study. Modern concepts]. PMID- 829819 TI - [Dental radiology: an independent specialty in dental practice]. PMID- 829820 TI - A comparative study on the influence of atmospheric gases on the production of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxin B01. PMID- 829821 TI - A study of the connective tissue surrounding the developing tooth in the vervet monkey. PMID- 829822 TI - [Low weight newborn infants as carriers of bacteria and their bacterial diseases]. PMID- 829823 TI - [Morphology of radius bones in the Macacus rhesus and Macacus cynomolgus (author's transl)]. PMID- 829824 TI - Pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in the dog. AB - 1. The effects of pentaerythritol trinitrate (pentrinitrol) and glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial and systemic haemodynamics were studied in anaesthetized open-chest dogs. An in vivo oximeter in the coronary sinus permitted continuous determination of arteriovenous oxygen difference and myocardial oxygen consumption. All parameters were determined simultaneously at various intervals after drug administration. 2. Myocardial oxygen consumption was diminished by both nitrates for more than 16 min. Changes in arteriovenous oxygen difference and coronary sinus oxygen content were variable between drugs. Following an initial transient increase, coronary blood flow was reduced by both nitrates. Aortic blood pressure, aortic blood flow, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left ventricular dP/dt were also reduced. Heart rate and contractile force were not appreciably altered by either nitrate. 3. The decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption appears to be associated with the haemodynamic profile of these drugs. Both nitrates produced comparable reductions in preload (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) and afterload (aortic pressure) as well as dP/dt. PMID- 829825 TI - Pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate on intramyocardial oxygenation and perfusion in the dog. Krogh analysis of transmural metabolism. AB - 1. The effect of intravenous pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate on left ventricular subepicardial (epi) and subendocardial (endo) PO2 and perfusion were compared in anaesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs. Tissue PO2 was determined simultaneously at a depth of 3 mm (epicardial) and 9 mm (endocardial) with small platinum electrodes by polarography. In a separate series of dogs tissue perfusion of those regions was measured by hydrogen (H2) clearance using similar electrodes. 2. Both nitrates increased endocardial PO2 while epicardial PO2 was not altered. Perfusion was determined at the point of the maximal rise in endocardial PO2 (4-7 min after injection of either nitrate). At that period average coronary artery inflow and epicardial perfusion were decreased but endocardial perfusion was not significantly altered. 3. Using the data on PO2, hydrogen clearance and intercapillary distance, the effect of the nitrates on transmural metabolism (oxygen consumption) was estimated by Krogh analysis. Basal endocardial metabolism was 20-30% higher than epicardial metabolism. The nitrates reduced metabolism in each region. The absolute decrease in oxygen consumption was greater in the endocardium. 4. The results show that both pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate improve endocardial oxygenation by producing a more favourable balance between perfusion and oxygen requirements in that region. PMID- 829826 TI - [Experimental examination of growth of the lower jaw]. PMID- 829827 TI - An evaluation of the IFA-GC procedure in a low risk population. AB - An automated indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for gonococcal antibody was evaluated in 600 low risk females; 392 were prenatal patients from public and private clinics and 208 were apparently healthy females state employees in a multiphasic screening program. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and cervical cultures were obtained on all patients. The results of the cultures and serologic test were compared. Although the number of culture positive patients in the study was low, the lack of sensitivity of the IFA test in detecting gonococcal infection in these patients was disturbing. This observation and the number of apparent false positive IFA tests lead us to conclude that the automated IFA test for detection of gonorrhea shows promise, but we could not consider adopting the test in its present stage of development. PMID- 829828 TI - Evaluation of the gono-tect fluorescent antibody system for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - An evaluation of the recently developed Abbott Laboratories GONO-tect Fluorescent Antibody (FA) System for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was performed using stock cultures and fresh isolates. Tests on more than 350 organisms using the Center for Disease Control reference conjugate and test technique and the standardized GONO-tect reagents and control system were compared. Results indicate the kit to be reliable when used according to the manufacturer's instructions. PMID- 829829 TI - Intersociety Committe (ISC) methods of air sampling and analysis. PMID- 829830 TI - A serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis. AB - This study describes a simple whole cell agglutination test for tuberculosis in which phenol-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is used as the antigen. The test gave positive results in 59 of 63 culture-positive cases of tuberculosis due to M. tuberculosis, and in 4 of 11 culture-positive cases due to other mycobacteria. Negative results were recorded in 168 of 171 control subjects. A positive result was one in which a titre of 1/125 or more was recorded. PMID- 829833 TI - The morphology and function of the periodontal vascular system. PMID- 829831 TI - Mechanized blood grouping: a hospital trial using an 8-channel grouping machine. AB - ABO and Rh (D) groups of 6403 blood samples were assessed on an 8/9-channel autoanalyser in the Serology Department of the London Hospital; the results were independently checked at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Brentwood, using the routine methods for grouping donor blood. Results of this comparative study are given and instances are described in which anomalous results or incorrect groupings occurred; the possible causes are discussed. The 8/9-channel automated blood group analyser is evaluated in terms of routine hospital laboratory practice. PMID- 829832 TI - Stability of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in biological fluids. AB - The stability of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum has been investigated. Apparent levels of total thryroxine, as determined by two different protein binding assays employing thyroxine-binding globulin as the binding protein, increased significantly in serum and plasma samples stored at room temperature and were signficantly lower in haemolysed samples. Values did not change significantly in samples stored at 4 degrees C, nor in samples stored at room temperature when determined by radioimmunoassay. Total triiodothyronine levels, as determined by radioimmunoassay, fell slightly on storage. Failure to appreciate the effect of storing samples at room temperature on apparent levels of total thyroxine, as determined by some protein-binding assays, could lead to an incorrect assessment of thyroid status. PMID- 829834 TI - Electron microscopic study of the effect of water jet lavage devices on dental plaque. PMID- 829835 TI - Human sarcocystis. PMID- 829836 TI - Von Recklinghausen's disease (multiple neurofibromatosis). PMID- 829837 TI - [Ossifying fibroma of the jaws]. PMID- 829838 TI - The elimination of free fatty acids, free glycerol and triglycerides from the plasma of low-birth-weight infants receiving intravenous fat emulsion and glucose. AB - The disappearance rate of plasma. free glycerol, free fatty acids and triglycerides following the termination of short-term (6-hr) infusion of fat emulsion (Intralipid) was studied in 12 low-birth-weight infants. The mean K values for each lipid component were found to be higher in infants receiving 10% glucose. Owing to the wide individual variation of responses and the small number of infants studied, only the disappearance rate of free fatty acids reached the level of significance. It is concluded that increased amounts of glucose given simultaneously with fat emulsion could diminish hyperlipidaemia by increasing the clearance of lipids from the plasma. PMID- 829839 TI - Acid-base status and urinary hydrogen ion excretion pattern in low-birth-weight infants receiving intravenous fat emulsion and glucose. AB - The acidifying effect of short-term (6-hr) infusion of intralipid was studied in 12 low-birth-weight infants by following the changes in acidbase status and urinary H+ excretion pattern. The infants received 5% or 10% glucose as a base line calorie supply. Intravenous fat emulsion induced a transient metabolic acidosis. The slightly affected pH and BE recovered in the first two hours following Intralipi d infusion. Parallel to the recovery, urinary net acid excretion increased. NH+4 excretion responded rapidly, titratable acid showed a progressively increasing response and was the major component of net acid excretion. As to the mechanism involved in the activation of NH+4 production in the kidney, it is suggested that in addition to acidaemia increased fatty acid oxidation might contrbute to stimulation of renal gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis. PMID- 829840 TI - Investigations on the influence of cyclophosphamide, gold sodium thiomalate and D penicillamine on nystatin oedema and adjuvant arthritis. AB - Cyclophosphamide (5 or 10 mg/kg p.o.) and Gold sodium thiomalate (0 or 40 mg/kg i.m.) inhibit after repeated administrations (5 days) all the phases of Nystatin edema, whereas a single administration is ineffective. D-Penicillamine (25 or 100 mg/kg p.9.) inhibits the early phases of Nystatin edema after a single administration whereas repeated administrations are almost ineffective. An early treatment with Cyclophosphamide (2.5 mg/kg p.o.) simply delays the appearance of the secondary lesions of adjuvant arthritis but inhibit the development of the primary lesions. A late treatment with Cyclophosphamide as both the types of treatment with Gold sodium thiomalate (10 mg/kg i.m.) are effective against primary and secondary lesions. The only effect of D-Penicillamine (50 mg/kg p.o.) in adjuvant arthritis is a significant increase of the intensity of secondary lesions during the late treatment. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of Cyclophosphamide does not depend exclusively upon its immunosuppressant activity and that D-Penicillamine is effective on some cell population committed in the inflammatory reactions. PMID- 829841 TI - [A study on the true character of the minor sublingual gland]. PMID- 829842 TI - Complications following radiotherapy in gynaecological carcinoma. Comparison between X-ray and megavoltage therapy. PMID- 829843 TI - ["Streptococcus faecalis" and "Staphylococcus aureus" viability in root canals (study "in vitro") (author's transl)]. PMID- 829844 TI - [Sialography of the parotid gland in patients carrying chagas' disease and megaesophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 829845 TI - [The non-regulated "small rest" in prosthetic contacts]. PMID- 829847 TI - [The problems of the dentist clearly demonstrated]. PMID- 829846 TI - [Dentistry in "Old Greece"]. PMID- 829848 TI - [A protest--not a duty practice--"Your dentist--your swindler"]. PMID- 829849 TI - [The risk of the liberal profession from the point of view of an insurance mathematician]. PMID- 829850 TI - [Value of biopsy in gastric cancer]. PMID- 829851 TI - Evaluation of an optical system in the fibercolonoscope: trial manufacture of an instrument with 30 degrees deviation optical system. AB - To evaluate the best optical system for colonoscopy a colonofibrescope was manufactured in which the optical system had a 30 degrees prograde deviation. In this test model, frontal view was easily obtained and close-up observations were possible. At areas with prominent semilunar folds, the zone behind them also came into full view. The bowel lumen could be visualized by angulation, the same as with conventional instruments. The passage trough the sigmoid-descending junction was easy, and visualization or the colon up to the distal transverse colon was accomplished within a short time in the majority of cases without fluoroscopic control. PMID- 829852 TI - [Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy in the gastroenterology institute (experience in 8,000 cases)]. AB - The results of 8,000 fiber-optic endoscopic procedures performed at the Gastrenterologic Institut during a 5 year period are analyzed in this paper. This extensive was possible not only because the method is simple and innocous due to the flexibility and high technology of these apparatue, but also because the Cuban Public Health System made feasible the exploration without expenses for all the patients needing it. Thirty-two percent of the explorations in an ever greater scale in the search for gastric cancer in its early stages. Chronic inflammation of the upper digestive tract comprised 47% of the abnormal endoscopies. Peptic ulcers were found in 18% of the 3.979 positive gastroduodenoscopies. Esophagogastric cancer was found in 14% of the 4.888 pathologic esophagastroscopies. The results reported and the low morbidity encountered (only 2 significant accidents in over 8,000 procedures) have motivated the Ministry to use this method in all first class hospitals and in several second class ones throughout the country. PMID- 829853 TI - [Emergency fibroendoscopy. Basic exploration in the diagnosis of upper digestive bleeding (experience in 200 cases)]. AB - Prognosis in upper gastrointestinal hemorrage (UGIH) depends mostly upon an early diagnosis. The addition of an around the clock endoscopist on duty in the hospital was decided upon to provide inmediate evaluation of all UGIH. The team performed 200 endoscopies, many within the first 12 hours and all of them before 24 hours of bleeding. Endoscopy was unsuccessful in 5 out of 205 attempts. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated as in 94.55% of the patients the cause of the bleeding was established. Peptic ulcers was the cause in 51.5% of the patients and acute inflammatory disease in 14.5%. Esophageal varices were found in 10%, but it is important that we observed 12 patients with non-bleeding varices in which the bleeding was in relation to associated pathologies. PMID- 829854 TI - New trial for endoscopical observation of esophagus by dye spraying method. AB - The Lugol dye spraying method in endoscopy is compared with the usual endoscopy. Its diagnostic values are discussed from the endoscopical and histological point of views. Normal esophageal epithelium is stained brown or dark brown with 5% of Lugol's solution, and shows a "silk-crape" like surface appearance when observed close up. The cancerous or inflammatory epithelium of the stomach and esophagus do not stain. With the sue of directed biopsy this reveals the usefulness of this method, specially for finding small esophagel cancer and for accurately delineating the extent of a cancer. Furthermore, esophagitis is easier to diagnose. As healing occurs, the staining characteristic return. Esophageal epithelium capacity for staining with Lugol's solution seems to be related to the glycogen content of the squamous epithelium. PMID- 829855 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of stenosis of Oddi's sphincter]. AB - Thirty-two patients with biliary or pancreatic disease were evaluated by duodenoscopy so as to establish the macroscopic characteristics of the papilla of Vater. In two cases, endoscopic pancreatography was performed as a diagnostic evaluation of the papilla, 30 patients were operated. Our results seem to indicate that the diagnosis of Odditis may be established by endoscopy. PMID- 829856 TI - [Immediate endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (analysis of 79 cases)]. AB - In 102 cases with massive upper digestive hemorrhage, the method of immediate endoscopic diagnosis was used. From these 79 were selected which permitted an integral analysis. Upon the patient's gastric pumping with iced water was effected, and then emergency esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was performed. Intravenous or intramuscular Diazepan or Meperidine, anticholinergics, and local anesthesia were used as pre-medication. In patients in a critical condition only local anesthesia and anticholinergics were used. Once the diagnosis had been made the method to be followed was planned. There were no complications either in the preparation of the endoscopy itself. Diagnostic certainty was of 91%. General mortality was 13,9%. The most frequent diagnosis was that of Duodenal Ulcer with 31,6%, followed by Gastric Ulcer with 24,1%, and Hemorrhagic Gastritis with 22,8%. Of the total, 34,2% were submitted to emergency laparotomy after the endoscopy. Immediate endoscopy is a useful procedure for massive upper digestive hemorrhage since it provides an etiological and topographical diagnosis thus indicating a specific treatment. In this way the general mortality rate and the percentage of patients submitted to exploratory laparotomy have decreased. PMID- 829857 TI - [Elevaled lesions of the stomach]. AB - Between June 1959 and June 1975 at the Central Hospital No. 2 of the Social Security of Peru, 186 patients were found with elevated stomach lesions. From these the authors selected 92 with 94 lesions studied histologically that corresponded to polyps, 11 pseudo-polyps, 3 polyposis, 1 pseudopolyposis, 10 submucous tumors, and 8 malignant lesions. The rest corresponded to gastritis, atypias or normal mucosa. PMID- 829858 TI - [Exerience with 3000 endoscopies of the upper digestive tract]. AB - A study is presented of over 3,000 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies over a 4 year period. The principal findings were: 1.282 normal 42,73%), 349 gastric ulcers (11,63%), 314 duodenal ulcers (10,47%), and 208 gastric cancers (6,90%). Endoscopy is an important method for the study of upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. Specially for nonconclusive X-ray study, locating the site of a hemorrhage, differentiating between a benign and a malignant lesion, recommending continuation of medical treatment or surgery, and indicating the zone of surgical resection. The routine use for endoscopy should be insisted upon in patients with vague chronic symptoms to increase the diagnosis of incipient lesions. We have obtained more advantages with endoscopy than with X-rays. However, both methods are complementary and give a more certain diagnosis of digestive diseases. It is a method that when done by experts is innocuous and free of complications. Although the cost of the fibroscope instruments is high, the invaluable services they render to gastroenterology more than compensate their cost. PMID- 829859 TI - Congestive and hemorrhagic lesions of duodenal mucosa. Critical evaluation. AB - In 34 patients congestive, hemorrhagic lesions were detected by endoscopy. It was considered that trauma was not responsible for these lesions. In all of the patients except four, histology showed no inflammatory reaction. Most of the patients were hypochlorhydric and one was achlorhydric. Serum gastrin levels appeared within a normal range under fasting and stimulated conditions. Twenty four patients were followed up two years later. Only 1 patient had developed a duodenal ulcer. The endoscopic picture appeared unmodified in the reendoscopized patients. It is concluded that the hemorrhagic lesions of the duodenum may result from local vascular disorders without any inflammation. PMID- 829860 TI - [Therapeutic applications of digestive endoscopy]. AB - Endoscopy has proven useful as a diagnostic tool and recently many useful therapeutic possibilities have been proposed. The authors discuss their experience with therapeutic endoscopic procedures and present new ones for treatment of Acalasia and small sliding hiatal hernia. PMID- 829861 TI - [Value of endoscopic cholangiography in the diagnosis of disease of the biliary tract]. PMID- 829862 TI - [Radiologic correlation and endoscopy of the lesions of the colon]. AB - Fiber colonoscopy permitted us to elucidate radiological suspicions of lesions of the colon established after repeated studies. It served to complement the radiological findings and to detect previously undiagnosed lesions and even to avoid possibly unnecessary surgical explorations when it negated the radiological diagnosis of malignant lesion. In this series, in which there were insufficient studies, no complications were registered. PMID- 829863 TI - [Acute lesions of the gastric mucosa (LAMG)]. AB - Fifty-four patients with acute lesions of the gastric mucosa (ALGM) were studied, specially from the clinical point of view and of the gastric secretion. It was found that the ALGM were fundamentally located in the gastric body and that in the majority of cases the maximum acid output obtained through the Histamine stimulation, was either increased or normal. Even though the dispeptic symptoms predominated, an important group of cases had ulcer symptoms. PMID- 829864 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage]. AB - In our hospital the incidence of upper digestive hemorhage [UDH] is greater after the 4th decade of age and predominantes in the male sex. The patients' clinical data was important in the diagnosis of the lesion. In 63% of our cases a close relation was found between the previous intake of substances considered ulcerogenous and the hemorrhagic episode, as well as the presence of stress situations. In our experiences the causes of UDH in order of their frequency are: 1. Acute lesions of the gastric mucosa. 2. Duodenal ulcer. 3. Gastric ulcer. 4. Stomal ulcer. 5. Bleeding esophagitis. 6. Others. The digestive hemorrhages of undetermined caused corresponded to 2,33% of the cases. The early diagnosis of UDH by means of emergency endoscope was of great value in the therapeutic handling of patients. PMID- 829865 TI - [Colonofibroscopy, diagnostic style and therapeutic application]. AB - Endoscopic examination of the entire colon is now possible without complication with the fiberoptic colonoscope. Early cancers and polyps not detected by X-ray have been disclosed. Biopsy is posible under direct vision at any level of insertion. Patients with suspicious lesions by barium enema are spared surgery by definitive endoscopic diagnosis. Polyps, pedunculated or sessile, beyond the reach of the conventional rigid sigmoidoscope can be removed without complication. The instruments used in this study were the colonofiberoscopes model ACMI F0 9000 P [105 cm] and ACMI two channel 7 Fr, and 12 Fr [160 cm] in length, respectively. PMID- 829867 TI - [Colonoscopy technic. Evaluation of 80 examinations]. AB - Eighty colonoscopies were done in 77 patients with the CF-MB Olympus colonoscope. A schedule of the examination is analyzed. The bowel preparation can be done at the patient's home. If the patient is well prepared psychologically, the use of antispasmodics or sedatives is not required. The position proposed for the patient is on his back with legs flexed. The symptom most frequently found during the examination was abdominal pain related to the introduction of the colonoscope and to the colon distension; 28,7% of the patients had no symptoms. In the absence of colon obstruction the colonoscope can reach the transverse colon even though fluoroscopy was not used. There were no complications in the 80 examinations performed. PMID- 829866 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after Billroth II operation and endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 829868 TI - [Duodenitis]. PMID- 829869 TI - [Infusion of ileal juice by distal stoma]. AB - The authors present a simple and practical method to avoid the ileal juice expoliation in patients with ileostomy after intestinal resection. In the cases presented, after the resection, stomies were performed of the proximal and distal portions of the intestine, in relation to the extirpated segment. The juice collected in the proximal stomy was infused in the distal stomy, simulating that way the physiologic intestinal transit. PMID- 829870 TI - [D-xilose test during 3 hours. Dose standardization ]. AB - A study is made of the behavior of urinary excretion of D-xilose three and five hours after the ingestion of 5 and 25 g of the substance. Twenty individuals were studied, 13 as control having no intestinal mucosa disease and 7 with steatorrhea and enteric lesions histologically confirmed. An analysis of the results revealed that with both doses it is possible to reduce the test time from five to three hours and thus differentiate the controls from the group of patients. No secondary side effects were observed with 5 g, which were present in 30% (6 cases) of the patients with doses of 25 g. In view of the results the use of 5 g in the test is indicated in the 3 hour test. Under these conditions 95% (1, 645 D.P.) for the controls excreted less than 1, 030 g (21%) of the doses administered. PMID- 829871 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation in the Surgical Service III]. PMID- 829872 TI - [Microflora of the small intestine]. PMID- 829874 TI - Ascariasis of the gall bladder. Report of two cases. AB - A radiological diagnosis of ascariasis of the gallbladder was made in two middle aged women with high abdominal pain having biliary colic characteristics. In one case round worm was demonstrated by means of the intravenous cholangiography, but in the other the procedure was negative only the common bile duct being contrasted. Oral cholangiography made some days later permitted the visualization of the parasite in the gallbladder. The patients were treated by cholecistectomy and choledocostomy and the diagnosis was confirmed. The post-operative course was uneventful. There was Ascaris lumbricoides ova in the feces and the histological examination of the removed gallbladder showed large eosinophilic infiltration in both cases. The patients received levamisole some days after surgery. PMID- 829873 TI - The intra-hepatic biliary system in cirrhosis. AB - The authors study 14 cirrhotic livers by means of post-mortem cholangiography and vinyl casts. They analyze the radiographs according to thorough criterions, described in the text, and come to the conclusion that intrahepatic biliary ducts in cirrhotic livers present serious alterations, represented by distorted ducts with focal stenoses, nodular impressions, wall irregularities, increase of the number of obtuse angles and poor peripheral filling, which confer a disharmonic aspect to the intra-hepatic biliary ducts of these organs. Furthermore, they show that livers with post-necrotic cirrhosis present bile ducts much more seriously damaged than those with Laennec's cirrhosis. The paper was submitted to statistical analysis and allows objective conclusions. PMID- 829875 TI - [Ulcertive colitis: clinical picture and treatment with total parenteral nutrition in a newborn]. AB - The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of total parenteral hyperalimentation in a lactant, 4 months old patient with ulcerative colitis. At admission the lactant had diarrhea, dehydratation, anemia, malnutrition, and edema in the ankles. Proctoscopy and barium enema, and rectal biopsy were typical of ulcerative colities. Treatment included steroids and azulfidine. Evolution was poor and signs of perforation appeared. Total intravenous hyperalimentation was used and after one month the diarrhea disappeared and the patient gained weight. Ulcerative colitis is rare in lactants and usually appeares a chronic diarrhea. The diagnosis should be based on radiology, endoscopy, and biopsy. Parenteral hyperalimentation is the only treatment that permits to keep the colon at total rest while simultaneously maintaining nutrition. PMID- 829876 TI - [Management of digestive fistulae. Prolonged parenteral feeding]. PMID- 829877 TI - [Intestinal motility and pattern of biliary acids in healthy children and children with acute and chronic diarrheic syndrome]. AB - Thirteen children between the ages of six months and six years with acute diarrheal syndrome were investigated for Small Bowel Transit Time (SBTT). The results were compared with another study made by our section in which eleven children were studied; seven with chronic non-specific diarrhea and four controls. All the subjects had a double lumen catheter positioned in the small intestine with ports located 1 meter apart. A bolus of 4% P.E.G. was delivered into the stomach and the rate of appearance was monitored at the two collecting ports. Four normal children had a small bowel transit time of 60 min/m; one subject with shigella revealed a small bowel transit time of 30 min. Eight children with acute non-specific diarrhea had a mean of 90. Seven with chronic non-specific diarrhea had a mean of 99 min/m. Four patients with serotype positive E. coli had a mean of 83. In each case where SBTT was delayed there was also an increase in luminal free bile acids. In conclusion, diarrheal syndrome in children may present accelerated or delayed SBTT according to the etiology of each. Children with diarrheal syndrome showed an abnormal bile acid pattern in the duodenum which may represent a bacterial overgrowth and introduce a pathogenic role in the disease. PMID- 829878 TI - Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid and its conjugates on cholesterol gallstone dissolution in hamsters. PMID- 829879 TI - 12alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities from Fusobacterium spp. AB - On screening fecal organisms for hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities applicable to bile acid metabolism studies, we have isolated a gram negative "Bacteroides-like" anaerobe which yields both 12alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH) activities in cell-free preparation. At the optimal harvest time of 36 hours, approximately 4500 units 12alpha-HSDH and 360 units 7alpha-HSDH were produced per 10(10) viable cells. The two enzymes appear to be separate entities in the basis of their stabilities on freezing, and prolonged storage at room temperature and elution volumes on Sephadex G 200. Thin layer chromatography studies on oxidation products confirmed the respective sites of oxidation to be the 12alpha-OH and 7alpha-OH position. No 3alpha-OH oriented activity was measurable. Preliminary kinetic studies of the 12alpha-HSDH revealed a broad pH curve with optimal activity at pH 9.5. Michaelis constants for glycodeoxycholate and NADP were estimated at 1.5 x 10(-4)M and 3.3 x 10(-5)M respectively. PMID- 829880 TI - The effect of glucagon on cholinomimetic responses of the recto-sigmoid. AB - Motor activity of the lower bowel was induced by the parenteral administration of prostigmine or bethanechol in 7 subjects. Intraluminal pressure recordings from the sigmoid colon and rectum revealed that the augmented responses of motor activity to these cholinomimetic drugs were similar both in duration and in motility indexes. The intravenous administration of glucagon inhibited the motor responses to both cholinomimetic stimuli employed. A possible mechanism for the inhibitory action of glucagon is suggested and the clinical application of these observations is discussed. PMID- 829881 TI - [Dipeptidase activity and protein absorption in rats maintained on an alcoholic diet for 6 months]. AB - Rats treated with ethanol during 10 to 14 weeks, do not present alteration of protein absorption in spite of alcohol's inhibiting action on amino acid transport. In these animals, intestinal dypeptidase activity at 24 weeks was similar in the alcoholic rats and in the control group, which may possibly be the explanation for the normal protein absorption. PMID- 829883 TI - [Hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion and the structure of the stomach in experimental protein malnutrition]. AB - In adult male rats submitted during 12 weeks to a diet containing 2,5% protein the amount of hydrochloric acid and of pepsin was determined and the macro and microscopic morphology of the stomach was studied. A group fed a diet containing 20% protein was used as control. The statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the apparent differences in the secretion of acid as well as pepsin could be attributed to the different body weights of the two groups. The morphological examination showed papillomas, frequently ulcerated occurring in the forestomach of the undernourished rats. In these areas, histological examination revealed hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The glandular epithelium showed neither macroscopic nor microscopic alterations. PMID- 829882 TI - [Effect of ethanol adminstration in the consumption of proteins and nitrogen balance in normal subjects with normoprotein diet]. AB - The effect of excessive alcohol intake on the protein requirements and metabolism in normal subjects has not been clearly determined. In this study we measured the nitrogen balance, the hematrocrit, the hemoglobin, the serum albumin, the cholesterol, and the plasmatic amino acids in 7 non-alcoholic subjects of 25 +/- 5 years of age. A comparison was made of a diet containing 0.8 g of protein per k of weight and 40 Kcal per k of weight administered during 11 days with a period of the same length in which the 1.400 Kcal provided during the control period by carbon hydrates was provided by ethanol (200 g). During the alcoholic period no importants changes were observed in the nitrogen balance, a tendency towards greater positivity being registered. There was a decrease in the serum albumin of 4, 69 +/- 0.31 vs 3, 90 +/- 0,32 g/100 ml and an increase in globulin 1,74 +/- 0,70 vs 2,69 +/- 0,22 g/100 ml. The results showed that in a short period of time the excessive alcohol intake in normal subjects does not increase the protein requirements in spite of a decrease in the serum albumin being observed. PMID- 829884 TI - [Metabolic response and aggression: potassium and water content of skeletal muscles]. AB - The authors present the results of a study of the amount of water and potassium in small samples of skeletal muscle and of the intestinal wall of albino rats. Five groups of 10 animals were separated according to the following conditions: peritonitis, pyloric obstruction, intestinal obstruction, mesenteric ischemia and a control group. The results suggest that skeletal muscle is capable of buffering the increased amount of potassium liberated by the tissues which undergo acute trauma, until a critical concentration is reached. Further studies are needed to clarify some of the conflicting results obtained. PMID- 829885 TI - Biliary pain, cholecystokinin cholecystography and lithogenic bile. PMID- 829886 TI - In situ immunoassays for gene translation products in phage plaques and bacterial colonies. AB - A series of simple, in situ immunoassays have been developed which can be used in screening for translation products of genes cloned in vitro recombination experiments with either phage or plasmid vectors. Antigen-antibody complex formation occurring within a vector-phage plaque can be used to detect the production of a specific protein from an amplified gene. Immunoassays of colonies lysed in situ either by lambda prophage induction or by biochemical means afford a much higher level of sensitivity than the plaque assay probably adequate to detect the production of a few molecules of protein per cell. PMID- 829887 TI - [Hemidesmosomes and attachment of epithelial cells to the metal implant. Preliminary report]. PMID- 829888 TI - [Active period of genes during Drosophila ontogenesis. I. Temperature-sensitive period for the spineless effect in aristapedia mutants]. AB - The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) was determined for the spineless effect (bristle shortening) in SSa40a mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. The length of front orbital and front vertical bristles was measured at different intervals after the temperature shift from 29 to 17 degrees and vice versa. The TSP was found to last from 7 to 14 hrs during pupal development. This corresponds to the activity of the spineless-aristapedia locus during the period of isolation of bristle initial cells. The discordance between the TSP of spineless effect and that of homoeotic effect of the same gene suggests that the locus SSa40a is activated twice during development. PMID- 829889 TI - [Diverticula of the female urethra: considerations on 10 cases]. PMID- 829890 TI - [Hyperosmolar coma with acute liver failure: fatal complication of venous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 829891 TI - Virus 'receptors' on lymphocytes. AB - This paper gives a review of the field of virus-lymphocyte interactions and virus receptors on lymphocytes as well as the use of viruses as markers for various lymphocyte populations. PMID- 829892 TI - Detection of a third lymphocyte-like cell type by rosette formation with erythrocytes sensitized by various anti-Rh antibodies. AB - Assay systems with erythrocytes sensitized by three different human anti-Rh isoantibodies, anti-Rh Ri, Lor and 3360 have been compared for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting Fc receptor-bearing lymphocyte-like cells. When carefully standardized, all these test systems detected primarily the 'third lymphocyte-like cell type', different B and T lymphocytes as detectable by conventional membrane markers. PMID- 829894 TI - Conformational analysis of NMR of an analogue of thyrotropin releasing factor: the tripeptide is less than Glu-Leu-Pro-A. PMID- 829893 TI - Mutation, recombination and genetic organization in Drosophila hydei, compared to other Drosophila species. PMID- 829895 TI - [Peculiarities of mandibular blood circulation]. PMID- 829896 TI - [A case of hyalinizing and ossifying fibroma of the lower jaw]. PMID- 829897 TI - [Streptococcus lactis bacteriophage in the oral cavity]. PMID- 829898 TI - The metabolism of amphetamines in mammals. PMID- 829899 TI - Specific control of responsiveness by two complementing Ir loci in the H-2 complex. PMID- 829900 TI - Enrichment of effector T lymphocytes specific to H-2 antigens by elution from allogeneic target cells and characterization of the eluted lymphocyte population. PMID- 829901 TI - Genetics of mouse antibodies. I. Linkage of the dextran response locus, VH-DEX, to allotype. AB - The antibody response of mice to alpha-1,3 linked dextran is shown to be controlled by a heavy chain variable region gene, VH-DEX. The map distance between this gene and the heavy chain allotype locus is estimated to be 0.3 recombination units. PMID- 829902 TI - Genetics of mouse antibodies. II. Recombination between VH genes and allotype. AB - The BAB/14 (BALB/c. C57BL/Ka-Ig-1b/HZ) congenic mouse strain was found to respond to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-chicken globulin immunization with nonheteroclitic anti-NP antibodies as does the BALB/c inbred partner strain. This is in contrast to the heteroclitic anti-NP response of the C57BL/Ka allotype donor strain and indicates that the allotype linked VH-NP gene was inherited with the VH-DEX gene from BALB/C rather than with the allotype genes from C57BL/Ka. This verifies the interpretation of BAB/14 as an immunoglobulin gene recombinant. Two recombinants between VH-DEX and Ig-1 allogype genes have been found among 554 chromosomes tested yielding a recombination frequency of 0.4%. Analysis of the BAB/14 recombinant showed that this crossover occurred between VH genes implying that VH genes and CH genes are not organized in separate clusters separated by a larger spacer region but are contiguous. Analysis of the recombination frequencies indicates that the total number of VH genes must be at least 50. PMID- 829903 TI - A primary immune response of Bufo marinus spleen cells in vitro. AB - Single-cell suspensions of Bufo marinus spleen have been induced to produce a primary immune response to a soluble purified protein. Using polymerized flagellin from Salmonella adelaide as antigen and culture conditions commonly available in most laboratories but new for amphibian cells, it has been found that in vitro at 37 degree C, toad spleen cells produce an antibody-forming cell response optimal at day 6. The response depends on the number of cultured cells and dose of antigen, and parallels that obtained in vivo. The optimal immune response is preceded at day 4 by the peak uptake of tritiated thymidine. The antibody-forming cell response is suppressed in the presence of allogeneic serum. PMID- 829904 TI - Macrophage inhibiting activity in serum and central lymph of Listeria-immune mice. AB - Serum and central lymph from mice immunized with live Listeria monocytogenes six days previously and boostered four hours before collection exerted significant inhibition of macrophage migration in vitro. It is concluded that lymphokines or lymphokine-like products of the cellular immune reaction are released in vivo and are possibly instrumental in the generation of acquired cellular antibacterial immunity. PMID- 829905 TI - Clinical involvement of mesenteric and antimesenteric borders of small bowel loops. II. Radiologic interpretation of pathologic alterations. AB - Many small bowel abnormalities selectively involve the mesenteric or antimesenteric borders of small intestinal loops solely or predominantly. This report documents the roentgen localization and diagnosis of a variety of intraabdominal disease states by their effects specifically on the mesenteric or antimesenteric margins of small bowel loops. The conditions with selective or predominant involvement of either the mesenteric or antimesenteric borders include diverticulosis, Meckel's diverticulum, intestinal duplication, seeded metastases, hematogenous metastases, regional enteritis, lymphoma, and intestinal ischemia and intramural bleeding. PMID- 829906 TI - A strain of pathogenic Naegleria isolated from a human nasal swab. AB - The 161A strain of Naegleria isolated from a human nasal swab and reported earlier was further studied for its growth pattern, cyst-wall appearance, cytopathic effect on primary monkey kidney cells, and pathogenicity in mice. Results obtained in the study establish the pathogenic status of this strain. This constitutes the first isolation of a pathogenic Naegleria from a human nasal cavity. PMID- 829907 TI - Biologic and serologic characterization of the 161A strain of Naegleria fowleri. AB - The 161A strain of Naegleria isolated from the nasal swab of a boy (9) was grown axenically in Nelson's medium. When 10,000 amoebae from the axenic medium were inoculated onto each monkey kidney cell (Vero) culture, characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) were noticed in 4 to 5 days. The CPE consisted of granulation of the host cell cytoplasm, cell shrinkage, nuclear pycnosis, and discontinuity of cell sheet. When 10,000 amoebae were instilled intranasally into a group of ten 2 to 3-week-old mice, 8 of the 10 mice exhibited characteristic symptoms of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and died within 10 to 12 days. Histopathology of the brain revealed necrotic tissue and an acute inflammatory reaction in the superficial regions of the brain. In the gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests the sonically disrupted antigens of 161A amoebae reacted extensively with the hyper-immune sera against 3 strains (CA, CJ, HB-1) of pathogenic N. fowleri and produced patterns very similar to those produced by the homologous systems. Further, anti-HB-1 serum absorbed with the 161A antigens failed to react with the antigens of HB-1, CA, CJ, and 161A strains thus indicating antigenic identity of 161A strain with N. fowleri. In view of these observations it was concluded that the strain 161A is pathogenic and should be reclassified as N. fowleri. PMID- 829908 TI - An evaluation of New York City transport medium for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens. AB - New York City (NYC) transport medium was compared with Transgrow and Amies charcoal medium for the recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical material. All three transport media were comparable within one day in transit. None of them consistently preserved N. gonorrhoeae for 3 days. However, for 2 days in transit NYC yielded 50% more gonococci than Transgrow and 22% more than Amies. It has been claimed that NYC transport medium does not require the addition of atmospheric CO2 for the preservation and growth of N. gonorrhoeae. We observed that the survival rate of N. gonorrhoeae on NYC transport medium was markedly improved by the presence of ambient CO2. It was found practical to transport specimens on 5 cm diameter petri plates containing NYC transport medium in sealed plastic bags with chemically generated CO2; such an environment was also suitable for incubation. Over 90% of N. gonorrhoeae present in clinical specimens survived for 48 h under these conditions. Petri plates are more practical to process for isolation and identification than medium sloped in screw-capped bottles as recommended for Transgrow. PMID- 829909 TI - A new improved medium for antibiotic susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae. AB - In order to assess the effectiveness of the agar plate dilution method for susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae, different media were used. A total of 2,210 N. gonorrhoeae strains were tested on eight different media. The best results were obtained with G.C. base medium (Difco) enriched with 0.1% Isovitalex and 1.5% lysed horse blood and by using a bacterial inoculum with the opacity of No. 1 McFarland nephelometric standard. This medium yielded constant results and 98.6% of the N. gonorrhoeae strains grew well on the control plates. PMID- 829910 TI - Comparison of chemical and biological properties of water-soluble adjuvants prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 829912 TI - [Dental and economic aspects of prevention of oral diseases]. PMID- 829911 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the 5S RNA of chicken embryo fibroblasts. AB - The nucleotide sequence of uniformly 32P-labelled chicken 5S RNA has been determined by analysing the end-products of T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion. These oligonucleotides can be aligned by homology with the human sequence to give a sequence differing in only seven positions from that of Man. The sequence deduced here differs in two position from that previously published for chicken 5S RNA. PMID- 829913 TI - [Bactericidal action of modified cavity varnishes--their action against microorganisms found in the human oral cavity (in vitro study)]. PMID- 829914 TI - A note on the venom of an aged rattlesnake. PMID- 829915 TI - [Modern concepts of the localization and vital activity of Rickettsia prowazekii in the infected body in relation to the problem of latent epidemic typhus infection]. PMID- 829916 TI - [Characteristics of the causative agent of Brill's disease (brief research results)]. PMID- 829917 TI - Concentration and seasonal variations of purine bases, nucleotides and nucleotide sugars in liver of Bufo arenarum. Comparison with early embryogenesis. AB - A comparative study of the bases, nucleotides and nucleotide-sugars was performed in liver of Bufo arenarum. Samples were obtained at different seasons of the year, according to the periods of active (December-March) and passive metabolism (April-July). It was found that guanine and hypoxanthine increase significantly in spring. A remarkable decrease in the levels of the nucleosides triphosphates adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) was found in spring; correlatively, an increase in the levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) and adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (ADP) and guanosine 5'-pyrophosphate (GDP was observed. A notable increase in the amounts of uridine 5'-diphosphate- D - glucose (UDP-glucose) was detected at the end of the period of low metabolism, which is coincident wtih a decrease in the level of glycogen, observed by other authors. PMID- 829918 TI - Longterm continuous follow up of babies with transistory intracranial hypertension in the newborn period. AB - 61 newborn children with the transitory intracranial hypertension symptoms after the birth were followed. No correlation with the prenatal or natal risk factors was found in 23 cases. 49 babies were followed longtermly and the results were correlated partly with the risk factors partly with the duration of afterbirth CNS lesion symptoms. PMID- 829919 TI - Fits of laughter as an epileptic phenomenon in the childhood. PMID- 829920 TI - Petit mal status initiated by photic stimulation. PMID- 829922 TI - [Preservation of a monkey kidney cell line (Vero) during a 26-month period at 36 degrees C. without changing culture media and a comparative study of its biological properties after preservation]. PMID- 829921 TI - [Cephalothin and platelet enzymes in chronic renal failures]. AB - Cephalothin inhibits the activities of platelet enzymes, succinic dehydrogenase and NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase in patients with chronic renal failure. Two hours after Cephalothin administration the return of enzyme activities to baseline values was dependent on the severity of the chronic renal failure, and the higher the serum-creatinine concentration, the slower was the return to original enzyme activities. PMID- 829923 TI - Pharmacology of hypothalamic regulatory peptides. PMID- 829924 TI - Role of glucagon in human diabetic ketoacidosis: studies using somatostatin. AB - The present studies demonstrate that endogenous glucagon is hyperglycaemic, lipolytic and ketogenic in man, and that insulin deficiency is necessary, but is in itself not sufficient, to cause fulminant diabetic ketoacidosis. Furthermore, continuous elevation of endogenous glucagon secretion appears to be necessary for the maintenance and continued development of the characteristic metabolic consequences of insulin lack. PMID- 829925 TI - [Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (sodium salt) on reproductive processes in mice]. PMID- 829927 TI - [Theoretical problems of enzyme catalysis]. PMID- 829928 TI - Characterization and properties of multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase. Possible evaluation in histochemistry. PMID- 829929 TI - [Esterases in the hippocampus of Wister rats. 1. Review of the esterase types found in the hippocampus]. PMID- 829930 TI - [Histophotometric studies of acetylcholinesterase in the limbic structures of the rat brain following experimental brain lesions]. PMID- 829931 TI - [Enzyme histochemical studies of isolated organs and tissues]. PMID- 829932 TI - [Ultrahistochemical localization of acid phosphatase in frozen hemolyzed rabbit reticulocytes]. PMID- 829933 TI - [The significance of heavy metals in normal and diabetic islands of Langerhans. Current discoveries of light and electron microscopic distribution of metals in embryonal and postnatal developmental stages of the island organ in white rats]. PMID- 829934 TI - [Analysis of fibrin formation in hypertonic arterial changes]. PMID- 829935 TI - ["Filipin"--a histochemical fluorochrome for cholesterol]. PMID- 829936 TI - [Prerequisites for the colorimetric determination of the negative surface charge of erythrocytes]. PMID- 829937 TI - [Immunologic specific demonstration of cell surface carbohydrates with the lectin of Lens culinaris]. PMID- 829938 TI - [Electron microscopic demonstration of surface receptors of immunocompetent and tumor cells]. PMID- 829939 TI - [Use of an agglutinin from the albumin gland of the edible snail for immunoelectron microscopic localization of cell membrane antigens with terminal n acetyl-d-galactosamine]. PMID- 829941 TI - [Immunohistochemical insulin, glucagon and gastrin determination in the islands of Langerhans]. PMID- 829940 TI - [Fluorescence microscopic demonstration of human and animal connective tissue structure by means of FITC-labeled lentil agglutinin]. PMID- 829943 TI - [Prerequisites and conditions for the use of radioactive labeled compounds for the optimization of histochemical research methods]. PMID- 829942 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopic thin section labeling of peptide hormones in the nervous system of invertebrates]. PMID- 829944 TI - [First studies of the use of energy scattering electron probe microanalysis in plant material]. PMID- 829945 TI - [Possibilities of substance differentiation by means of freeze-etching technic]. PMID- 829946 TI - [Demonstration of cell surface macromolecules by means of immune freeze-etching]. PMID- 829947 TI - [Progress in the histological freeze-drying technic using thermoelectric cooling of specimens]. PMID- 829948 TI - [Analytic studies of lipids in ascites tumor cells separated by density gradient]. PMID- 829950 TI - [Impulse cytophotometry as a quantitative method of cytochemistry]. PMID- 829949 TI - [Comparative histochemical and polarization optical studies for the demonstration of lipids in isolated basement membranes of the swine kidney]. PMID- 829951 TI - [The use of interference microscopy for measuring of cell nucleus in comparison with impulse cytophotometry]. PMID- 829952 TI - [Separation of fetal membrane (visceral yolk sac) cellular organoids of the rat]. PMID- 829953 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of autoradiograms of single cells by means of DENSITRON II and further possibilities for the use of the appliance]. PMID- 829954 TI - [Effect of alkaline hydrolysis on the Feulgen reaction]. PMID- 829955 TI - [Histophotometric quantification of enzyme reactions, examplified by acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 829957 TI - [Fractionation of bovine spermatozoa and isolation of a sperm tail middle part fraction]. PMID- 829956 TI - [Histophysical studies of basement membrane thickness measurement]. PMID- 829958 TI - [Isolation of kidney glomeruli and their antigenic fractions]. PMID- 829960 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis application possibilities in enzymology]. PMID- 829959 TI - [Introduction to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 829961 TI - [Application of microdisc electrophoresis]. PMID- 829962 TI - [Gel chromatographic studies of isolated glomerular basement membranes in the swine kidney]. PMID- 829963 TI - [Histochromatography as an accessory method of lipid histochemistry]. PMID- 829964 TI - [Fluoride prophylaxis--in an economic light]. PMID- 829965 TI - The excretion of steroids by the adult marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 829966 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by chenodeoxycholic acid in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 829967 TI - Gigantopithecus and hominids. PMID- 829968 TI - [Radioimmunological evaluation of hormonal parameters in the stimulation and inhibition of lactogenesis]. PMID- 829969 TI - [Animal models in the pathogenesis of immunologic pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 829971 TI - [Hyperplastic and inflammatory lesions of the pulmonary airways in primates following subacute exposure to low doses of ozone (0.2 ppm)]. PMID- 829970 TI - [Phagocytic defense of the respiratory system against non-antigenic mineral particles: morphological, physical and experimental study]. PMID- 829972 TI - [Morphological and biochemical modifications of the lung of primates caused by low dose ozone exposure]. PMID- 829973 TI - [Evolution and distribution of inhaled nitrogen dioxide in the non-human primate]. PMID- 829974 TI - [Economic aspects of treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 829975 TI - [Robert Fabre: an interview]. PMID- 829977 TI - [Opening of the Histochemical Symposium and awarding the Robert Feulgen prizes for 1972 and 1973]. PMID- 829976 TI - [Microscope fluorometric determination of intracellular enzyme turnover]. PMID- 829979 TI - Correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase and localization of alkaline phosphatase in the liver. AB - 1. A good correlation exists between histochemically judged and biochemically determined activity of alkaline phosphatase in the liver. 2. Normal localization of alkaline phosphatase in the human differs from that in the rat. 3. In Wistar rats normal localization is: low or no activity in bile canaliculi preferently in the peripheral part of the lobule. 4. Normal localization in the human is: moderate to strong activity in the sinusoidal wall, in the central and peripheral part of the lobule. 5. A relation exists between histochemical localization and serum value of alkaline phosphatase in rat and in human. 6. Raised activities at localizations where "normally" no activity is present, e. g. bile canaliculi in human, sinusoidal wall in rat, do correlate the best with raised serum activities. PMID- 829978 TI - A combined biochemical and histochemical study on steroid metabolism in mouse ovary and ovarian tumours. PMID- 829980 TI - [Electron microscopic demonstration of succinate dehydrogenase with thiocarbamyl nitro BT (TC-NBT)]. PMID- 829981 TI - [TC-NBT for electron microscopic cell presentation]. PMID- 829982 TI - [Error possibilities in the demonstration of enzymes by means of naphthyl derivatives]. PMID- 829984 TI - [Autoradiographic demonstration of metabolically stable nucleoprotein fraction following labeling with 3h-lysine]. PMID- 829983 TI - [Relevance of enzyme histochemistry of rat thyroid gland]. AB - High doses of aniline analgesics produced increased lipofuscin accumulation in rats thyroid glands after 18 week's treatment. To assess the significance of this change histochemical, biochemical and functional tests have been performed. Increased benzidineperoxidase, decreased acid phosphatase and unchanged leucyl beta-naphtylamidase activities have been found histochemically and partly confirmed by biochemical methods. 131I-uptake was unchanged and PBI-levels decreased. The selection of appropriate histochemical methods in combination with additional techniques is stressed. PMID- 829985 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the motor endplate and autonomic terminal fibers]. PMID- 829986 TI - [Development and application possibilities of a computer-controlled microspectrophotometric system for cytoanalysis (CYTOS)]. AB - A computer-assisted microspectrophotometric system for quantitative cell identification and data conversion, based on the scanned intracellular image pattern, will be introduced. The CYTOS system was developed with high flexibility for the analysis of general morphological and physiological problems of cell recognition and classification. The investigation include the quantitative transformation of extinction values in relation to cytomorphologic and cytochemical properties of a cell. In order to objectivate the subjective impression of visible or non-visible information, contained in a microscopic image, the measured extinction values were transformed in color values by a special developed interface. Each color shade corresponds to the intracellular substance concentration. The results, presented, concentrate on the CYTOS methodology, its application to the translation of data cytograms of DNA containing chromatic structures, and the intra-cytoplasmatic distribution pattern of enzyms. The CYTOS method might be considered as a useful technique revealing discrimination factors of diagnostical value. PMID- 829987 TI - [Circadian rhythm pattern of the LDH isoenzymes]. PMID- 829988 TI - [Structure and function of steroid active cells in the postmenopausal ovary (electron microscopic and histochemical studies)]. PMID- 829989 TI - [Membership list of the Histochemistry Society]. PMID- 829990 TI - [Enzyme histochemistry]. PMID- 829991 TI - Some aspects of supramolecular organization of glycogenolytic and glycolytic enzymes in muscle. PMID- 829992 TI - Quantitative model film studies: a link between enzyme cytochemistry and biochemistry. PMID- 829993 TI - [Informational value of histochemical studies]. PMID- 829994 TI - Enzyme histochemical evaluation of centrifugation procedures. PMID- 829995 TI - [Pyloric muscular hypertrophy of Chagasic etiology]. PMID- 829996 TI - [Non-virulence in mice of PF branch of Trypanosoma cruzi. Evaluation through xenodiagnosis, tissue culture and histopathology]. PMID- 829997 TI - [Posteruptive enamel fluoride uptake following local fluoride treatment]. PMID- 829998 TI - [Use of gel diffusion technics in the immunologic differentiation of cacao]. PMID- 829999 TI - [Immunoenzymatic technic for the diagnosis of EVI antibodies]. PMID- 830000 TI - Undernutrition and brain development--an electrophysiological approach. PMID- 830002 TI - Histochemistry of circadian changes of some lysosomal enzymes in rat liver. PMID- 830001 TI - Growth and development of Indian children. PMID- 830003 TI - [Pharmacologic-toxicologic effects of the circadian rhythm]. PMID- 830005 TI - [The circadian glycogen rhythm of the rat liver (biochemistry, quantitative histochemistry, electron microscopic morphometry)]. PMID- 830004 TI - [Factors affecting the circadian rhythm]. PMID- 830006 TI - [Circadian histochemistry of glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase in the liver of the mouse]. PMID- 830007 TI - [Circadian rhythm of liver DNA]. PMID- 830008 TI - [Seasonal differences of catecholamine content and noradrenaline catabolism in the heart and brain of the grass frog (Rana temporaria)]. PMID- 830010 TI - [Final observations on the workshop: circadian rhythm]. PMID- 830009 TI - [Circadian differences of protein storing and excretion in the liver of mice]. PMID- 830011 TI - [Histochemical studies for the determination of disulfide groups]. PMID- 830013 TI - [Quantitative histochemical studies of liver glycogen]. PMID- 830012 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of lysosomal organelle decomposition in liver, kidney and pancreas]. AB - The amount of autophagic vacuoles which, under certain presumptions, can be used as a measure of the intensity of cellular autophagy shows clear cut diurnal changes in untreated rats. Liver parenchymal cells, epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, and acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas were investigated. The rhythm is synchronous for these three cell types. The "maximum" was found during the light period, the "minimum" during the dark period. The quantitative findings are in keeping with the assumption that cellular organelles are destroyed exclusively by cellular autophagy. Different turnover rates of mitochondrial and peroxisomal constituents, as determined in biochemical experiments, are paralleled by different relative frequencies to which mitochondria and peroxisomes occur in autophagic vacuoles. In liver cells the physiological rhythm can be influenced by alteration of feeding conditions. It is inverted when a single daily meal is fed in the first half of the light period. In early starvation the level of the diurnal "maximum" of cellular autophagy continues for the first hours of the dark period until a slow decline takes place. Cellular autophagy is completely stopped for several days when rats are refed after starvation for 5 days. PMID- 830014 TI - [Biochemical findings of the distribution of non specific esterase from cytochemical viewpoint]. PMID- 830015 TI - [Biochemical analysis of the histochemical localization of non specific carboxylesterase]. PMID- 830016 TI - [Histochemistry of amino acid naphthylamidases]. AB - For the correct intracellular localization of amino acid naphthyl-amidases freeze dried cryostat sections or aldehyde fixed tissue blocks followed by washing in buffer or sugar solution are suitable. Among various amino acid 2-naphthylamides and diazonium salts L-Leucin-4-methoxynaphthylamide and Fast Blue B "pure" (Serva) respectively can be recommended for the histochemical demonstration of these enzymes. In situ the intestinal and renal brush border represent the only cellular structure which actually contain naphthylamidases. By means of alpha,-L glutamic acid 2-naphthylamide as substrate the glomerula of the kidney also react indicating that further binding sites must exist for amino acid naphthylamidases. PMID- 830018 TI - [Significance of quantitative autoradiography in cell kinetic studies]. PMID- 830017 TI - [Localization and separation of various amino acid arylamidases in the uterus and blastocyst of the rabbit]. AB - Distribution patterns of amino acid arylamidases have been studied in rabbit uterus and implantation stage blastocysts using a simultaneous coupling technique. A series of beta-naphthylamides (NAs) of various amino acids were used as substrates. Tests were performed at pH 6.5 and 7.5 using both Fast Blue B and Fast Garnet GBC as diazonium salts. Despite limited substrate specificity known in arylamidases, this procedure proved to be sufficient to give some evidence for the presence in uterus and blastocyst of at least three different arylamidases. NAs of aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp) are hydrolyzed predominantly by an enzyme showing maximum activity in uterine epithelium and in walls of blood vessels. An amino dicarbonic acid (alpha-Glu, alpha-Asp) NAs splitting arylamidase, possibly related to "aminopeptidase A", seems to be localized more specifically in myometrium and trophoblast. When NAs of basic (Arg, Lys) or certain other (Gly, Ala) amino acids were used, a strong reaction was obtained in myometrium, uterine epithelium, blood vessels and trophoblast as well. The observed patterns of distribution did not give evidence for the existence of an enzyme splitting exclusively Arg-betaNa and Lys-betaNA ("aminopeptidase B") although the activation by Cl- ions did. The problem of identification of different amino acid arylamidases by histochemical means will be discussed. For better localization, a section freeze substitution technique was found as efficient as the use of methoxy substrates. For the study of uterine secretion, either the section freeze substitution or the membrane method may be used. PMID- 830019 TI - [Fixation of enzymes in freeze-dried tissue with gases]. AB - Several gaseous substances were tested for fixation of enzymes in frozen dried cryostat sections. Formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde and phtaldialdehyde vapours are effective in stabilizing lysosomal hydrolyse, so improving their orthotopic localization. Glutardialdehyde and glyoxylic acid vapours are useful fixatives for dehydrogenase histochemistry in frozen dried cryostat sections. Heating of sections alone has no fixating effect on enzymes at all. PMID- 830020 TI - [Width determination of a linear reaction product in scanning microscope photometer. Studies of cholinergic nerve fibers in the cat myocardium]. PMID- 830021 TI - [Microdensitometric measurement enzyme activities in the mammary gland of the mouse]. AB - The myoepithelium of developing, lactating, and involuting mammary gland of the mouse exhibits a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The content of the alveoli and the apical plasma membrane of gland cells histochemically show enzyme activity before and after lactation but not during milk secretion. In the course of involution the alveoli shrink in size and the reaction of alkaline phosphatase becomes stronger in the gland tissue. In whole breast tissue the enzyme activity decreases, because in this time a great part of the alveoli are degraded and replaced by connective tissue and fat. As measured by a scanning microdensitometer the activity of some oxydoreductases (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase) increase in proceeding development of the mammary gland and reach their highest level at the time of lactation. Already 12 h after the start of involution the oxydoreductases loose 30 to 50% of their activity and undergo a further reduction 3 to 4 days later. On the other side the activity of lysosomal enzymes increase during involution. beta-Glucuronidase and leucine aminopeptidase have their highest activity in the early stage of involution, whereas acid phosphatase predominate in the late period of gland degradation. PMID- 830022 TI - [Acridine orange reaction kinetics of the cortisone-induced RNA biosynthesis in the rat liver]. PMID- 830023 TI - [Cytochemical analysis methods of plants. II. Quantitative determination of nuclear DNA, DNA + RNA and histone content in apple blossom sections]. PMID- 830025 TI - [Membership list. Status: October 1974]. PMID- 830024 TI - [Microscopic quantification of myocardial necroses in experimental cardiology]. PMID- 830026 TI - [Determination of turnover size and quantity of material in single cells using quantitative autoradiography]. PMID- 830027 TI - [Standardized 125I-autoradiography for absolute measurements]. PMID- 830028 TI - [Quantitative chromosome autoradiography--use of an electronic analytic method (television microscopy) for the study of the X-chromosomal heterocyclic behavior in man]. PMID- 830029 TI - [Flow photometry in cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 830030 TI - [Use of pulse cytophotometry in hematology]. PMID- 830031 TI - [Principles, possibilities of use and limits of morphometry]. PMID- 830032 TI - [The circadian (daily) saliva secretion]. PMID- 830033 TI - Correlation between the circadian rhythms of division and tissue functions in the liver of rats in normal and precancerous states. PMID- 830034 TI - Innervation of the cornea of monkeys and the effects of denervation. AB - Preliminary results of an attempt to determine the sources of nerve fibers of the monkey cornea and the consequences of its denervation are reported. Keratitis neuroparalytica was observed on the second day after combined ophthalmic and maxillary neurectomies. It reached a peak on the third day and by the fifth day recovery was nearly complete without recurrence up to 106 days. Tarsorraphy delayed the development of keratitis neuroparalytica with poor recovery up to 28 days after sensory denervation. Coincidence of reduction and recovery of lacrimal secretion and corneal changes suggest that the former might be a factor in the production of keratitis neuroparalytica. Epithelial changes accompanying keratitis neuroparalytica were observed and described. Numerous stromal nerve fibers remained uanaffected four days after ophthalmic and maxillary neurectomies. There is a possibility that these fibers are from sources other than the trigeminal. PMID- 830035 TI - [Change process in outpatient psychiatry]. PMID- 830037 TI - Abortifacient effects of prostaglandin E2 in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). AB - 15(S)15-methyl-prostaglandin E2 was evaluated for abortifacient effects at various stages of pregnancy in five Macaca nemestrina. Despite its reported effectiveness in inducing abortions in human beings, it was concluded that this compound is not appropriate for collecting fetal material of known gestational age for morphologic and histologic examinations. PMID- 830036 TI - Tuberculosis outbreak in rhesus monkeys immunosuppressed with antithymocyte globulin. AB - Tuberculosis lesions were found in necropsied monkeys used in studies involving immunosuppression. Correlations were made between the demonstration of reduced numbers of circulating T cells, the duration of allograft survival and the appearance of T cell-dependent tuberculin sensitivity. The immunosuppressed state of these monkeys may have resulted in false tuberculin reactions. The report confirms the necessity for sequential tuberculin tests on rhesus monkeys prior to their being used in experiments. PMID- 830038 TI - An experimental model for peripheral nerve tumours in monkeys. AB - The induction of tumours of the peripheral nerves in Macaca mulatta has been accomplished by injections of the carcinogen methylnitrosourea in combination with organospecific immunization with antigens from the homologous tissue (sciatic nerve). The histology and biological peculiarities of the tumours are similar to those seen in man. PMID- 830039 TI - Viral isolations from exotic birds offered for importation into the United States. PMID- 830040 TI - Evaluation of sera of leptospiral vaccinated cattle for brucella antibodies. PMID- 830041 TI - A preliminary report on the efficacy of adult cattle vaccination using Strain 19 in selected dairy herds in Florida. PMID- 830042 TI - The organization of chlorophyll in the plant photosynthetic unit. PMID- 830043 TI - Interrelationships among excited states in bacterial reaction centers. PMID- 830044 TI - [DNA compact form in solution. VII. Transforming activity of precompact forms of DNA]. AB - Data on transforming activity of DNA in water-salt (0.3 M NaCl) solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) are presented. Bacillus subtilis deficient mutant lys 42 and prototrophic strain SHgw were used as recipient and donor, respectively, for transformation experiments. It has been shown that when PEG concentrations were increased the relative experiments. It has been shown that when PEG concentrations were increased the relative transforming activity (RTA) at first (at PEG concentrations approximately 30-40 mg/ml) increased to the value of 200-250%, then began to decrease. At PEG concentrations approximately 100-125 mg/ml, when DNA molecules form compact particles, the RTA does not exceed 10%. The observed changes in RTA are interpreted as a result of conformational changes of double-stranded DNA molecules. The increase in the RTA at low PEG concentrations may be explained as an increase in transforming activity of the precompact form of DNA, while the decrease in RTA at PEG concentrations exceeding 60-70 mg/ml was believed to be connected with the fact that compact particles of DNA could not penetrate through the walls of bacterial cells. PMID- 830045 TI - [Replication and integration of the fragments of the new chains of the DNA of infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis GL]. AB - The size of the double-stranded molecules of DNA of the macronucleus of an infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis GL in the G-1 period of the cell cycle is not less than 400 . 10(6) d. This was shown by alkaline and neutral isokinetic sucrose gradient centrifugation. At the S-period newly synthesized daughter strands of the DNA exist as the fragments of 10-30 . 10(6) daltons for a certain time (about 30 min). The sizes of the primer chains are not decreased. Thus, during the process of replication the primer chains are not fragmented, but the new ones are covalently bound. The synthesis of the new chains in the form of fragments and their subsequent assembly takes place during the S-period of Tetrahymena lasting for about 80 min. It is suggested that the found fragments correspond to the replicative units. PMID- 830046 TI - [Megavisceral syndrome. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with splanchnomegaly are presented, and it is proved through experimental, clinical, anatomicopathological, and epidemiological investigations that Trypanosoma cruzi--the etiological agent of Chagas' disease--causes splanchnomegaly in those countries where this disease is endemic. It is neither assured nor denied that Trypanosome cruzi has been the causal agent of splanchnomegaly in the studied patients. It is suggested that in further investigations this problem may be cleared up. PMID- 830047 TI - [Sensitivity of Gonococcus to different antibiotics]. AB - The sensitivity of gonococcus to penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin was determined through the dish-dilution method. 49.3% of 75 strains were less sensitive to penicillin; 28% of 50 strains were less sensitive to tetracycline; 41% of 27 strains were resistant to streptomycin. Correspondence of germ sensitivity to penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin was found. PMID- 830048 TI - [Triatominae capable of transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi in Cuba]. AB - A brief review of the species of the genus Triatoma that have been described in some epidemiology books is made. Triatoma rubrofasciata has been found at the Oriente province in our country. Triatoma flavida has been found at the Pinar del Rio, Las Villas, Camaguey, and Oriente provinces. Both insects transmit the Chagas' disease. PMID- 830049 TI - [Energy/protein index: its use in the diagnosis of different forms of malnutrition]. AB - The applicability of the energy/protein index (the ratio between the logarithmic transformation of tricipital skin fold and the brachial muscular circumference) is studied. Results obtained in a group of preschool children exhibiting different clinical-anthropometric forms of malnutrition led us to use this index not only for differentiating well-nourished from malnourished children, but also as a criterion for classifying energy malnutrition (including desnutrition and overweight) as well as protein malnutrition and assessing their magnitude. Mean values--with a 95% confidence interval for energy/protein index--were respectively 1,477 +/- 0.029 and 1,324 +/- 0,124 in children with moderate or severe energy denutrition; 1,836 +/- 0,028 in children with kwashiokor; and 1,683 +/- 0,019 in overweight children. PMID- 830050 TI - [280 patients with urethritis]. AB - A study of 280 male patients with urethritis is presented. The frequency of infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans and Mycoplasma "T" is reported. Some clinical characteristics of patients regarding the type of urethritis are described. Literature on non gonoccal urethritis is reviewed. PMID- 830051 TI - Burns in children. PMID- 830052 TI - [Dental care in Denmark 1974. IV. Socioeconomic aspects]. PMID- 830053 TI - [Analysis of serum glycoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 830054 TI - Ectopic renal ossification as nucleus of urinary stones. AB - Areas of ectopic ossification were found in thin sections from 19 of 1,624 calculi submitted to a petrographic procedure, an incidence of 1.16 per cent. Only 8 calculi of renal, pelvic or ureteral origin with osseous tissue in its structure have been described since the first report by Phemister in 1923. PMID- 830055 TI - Ossicular fixation to the tegmen. AB - Two surgical techniques are presented for the treatment of ossicular fixation of the incus and malleus to the tegmen. One involves an atticotomy approach, the second a mastoid approach to the attic. PMID- 830056 TI - gamma- and mu-Heavy chain diseases and related disorders. PMID- 830058 TI - The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the levels of albumin and the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in sputum. AB - Sputum samples from control subjects with cardiac disease and from patients with asthma were assayed for albumin content and immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE. The asthmatics were divided into three groups: one group had received disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) for at least 48 hr prior to sampling, another group was sampled daily after commencing DSCG therapy and the third group were not taking DSCG. Albumin and immunoglobulins accounted for approximately 8% of the total sputum proteins in each of the four groups of subjects. There was no significant difference in the mean sputum levels of albumin or the immunoglobulins, when expressed as a percentage of total sputum proteins, between the subjects in each group. However, the ratios of IgA/albumin and IgA/IgG in the asthmatic group receiving DSCG were significantly lower than the corresponding ratios in sputa from both asthmatics and control subjects with cardiac disease. The sputum IgE levels tended to be higher in the asthmatics than in the control group, but DSCG therapy had little effect upon sputum IgE levels. PMID- 830057 TI - Alpha-chain disease. PMID- 830059 TI - The IgG subclasses of antibodies to castor bean allergen in patients with allergic asthma: detection of a high incidence of antibodies of the IgG4 subclass. AB - Sera from patients with allergic asthma to castor bean dust were tested for specific antibodies in the red cell linked antigen-antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) using antiglobulin sera specific for IgE and the four subclasses of IgG. Approximately one-third of the patients with specific IgG antibodies had an antibody response that was predominantly in the IgG4 subclass. Two patients who were thought not to be sensitive to castor bean allergen, despite long exposure to the dust, did not have detectable IgE antibodies, but had high titres of IgG antibodies that were predominantly IgG4. Specific IgG4 antibodies to castor bean allergen were heat stable, did not appear to passively sensitize monkey skin in the PCA reaction and did not passively sensitize human basophils for the rosette reaction with castor bean-coated red cells. PMID- 830060 TI - Histocompatibility genes and transplantation antigens. Relation to immune responsiveness in the murine species. PMID- 830061 TI - The influence of intrauterine transfusion upon birthweight in rhesus hemolytic disease. AB - A study of the birthweight of 876 babies affected by rhesus hemolytic disease has shown that this is reduced in the most severely affected cases, when intrauterine transfusion is not required. However, in 259 very severely affected babies where intrauterine transfusion was necessary, the birthweight was similar to that of the mildly affected and unaffected babies. PMID- 830062 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on the exercise capacity in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 830063 TI - Growth of common bacteria and Candida albicans in 10% soybean oil emulsion. AB - Bacterial and fungal growth in 10% soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid) and 5% fibrin hydrolysate in 5% dextrose was studied at 4, 25 and 37 degrees C. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Str. fecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were grown in broth at 37 degrees C, diluted in saline and inoculated into each of the two preparations as well as a mixture of the two. Growth was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours. In 10% soybean emulsion, all bacteria except S. pyogenes multiplied, but in fibrin hydrolysate-dextrose solution the only organism of those studied to grow was S. aureus. In the hydrolysate-dextrose-lipid mixture, all organisms multiplied except S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa. C. albicans grew in all solutions tested. While at 4 degrees C, organisms did not multiply. The fibrin hydrolysate-dextrose solutions given by infusion into a central vein for hyperalimentation have been shown to support predominantly fungal growth, and contamination of the solution and ultimately of the indwelling catheter is a constant hazard. Because both bacteria and C. albicans grew equally well in 10% soybean oil emulsion, its use as a caloric source when infused into a central vein may increase the occurrence of sepsis. When this emulsion is used to provide essential fatty acids or calories, it should be given via a peripheral vein, so that a central catheter will not be contaminated. PMID- 830064 TI - Immunological aspects of normal and abnormal pregnancy. PMID- 830065 TI - Hemodynamic effects of petrinitrol in man. AB - The hemodynamic effects of petrinitrol, a new antianginal agent, were evaluated in 30 patients during cardiac catheterization. The administration of 5 mg and 10 mg doses, both sublingually and orally, caused significant reductions of systemic arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, and pulmonary arterial pressure that were prominent 15 to 30 minutes after administration of the drug. All but the 5 mg oral dose produced an increment of heart rate. The 10 mg sublingual dose also caused a significant reduction of left ventricular work. Total systemic resistance, and the product of blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly. It appears that petrinitrol and nitroglycerin have several similar effects upon the cardiovascular system; but in the doses administered, petrinitrol caused changes of greater magnitude and longer duration. PMID- 830066 TI - Environment, location and styles of practice. PMID- 830067 TI - [Organ weights as indices for the effect of long-term hemodialysis in chronic global renal failure]. PMID- 830068 TI - Four years of experience with an interactive health care system. PMID- 830069 TI - [Cost-benefit analysis in rehabilitation]. PMID- 830070 TI - Private psychiatry and accountability: a response to the APA task force report on private practice. AB - The authors note that the imminence of national health insurance makes it very important to determine the roles, efficiency, and effectiveness of both the private and the public sectors of mental health care. The difficulties in distinguishing public from private care are examined. The authors present estimated distributions of care by type of provider that differ from those of an APA task force report on private practice. They point out the need for objective research on the quality of care in both sectors and on the effectiveness of alternative mental health systems, suggesting that public choices should be made on the basis of correct interpretations of reliable data and accountability to those being served. PMID- 830071 TI - A program for total parenteral nutrition at home. AB - Total parenteral nutrition is of undisputed value in improving and maintaining patients who are otherwise unable to ingest food adequately by mouth or by tube. A relatively simple closed system for the preparation of solutions and their administration permits safe application of total parenteral nutrition at home. Selected patients who otherwise will remain in hospital or die are able to have an acceptable quality of life at home in a good state of nutrition and with freedom from their intravenous solutions for many hours per day. Based on experience with eleven patients maintained on total parenteral nutrition at home, recommendations are made for patient selection, training, total parenteral nutrition composition, and follow-up. PMID- 830072 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: a study of the relationship between the Pi system and genetic markers. AB - Twenty-four members (4 generations) of a family with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency were studied in an attempt to determine the chromosomal location of the Pi system locus. Three alpha 1 antitrypsin alleles (PiM, PiI, and PiZ) and five phenotypes (MM, MZ, MI, IZ, and ZZ) were detected in family members. The quinacrine fluorescent banding technique was successfully utilized to reveal eight polymorphic chromosomal markers in family members. Eight red cell antigens and HL-A antigens were identified for each family member. No linkage between the Pi system and chromosomal markers, four polymorphic red cell antigens, and HL-A antigens was detected. On the basis of this family study, the Pi locus as defined by alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency does not appear to be on chromosomes 2, 3, 13, 14, 21, or 22 within measurable distance of the markers used. PMID- 830073 TI - Cholestasis in association with short-term parenteral alimentation. AB - Cholestasis has been previously described after long-term hyperalimentation in infants. The present case documents the development of cholestasis in an adult after a relatively short period of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), i.e., hyperalimentation. Other causes for cholestasis, such as exogenous or endogenous hepatotoxic agents or allergic type hepatitis, do not offer an adequate explanation for the changes observed in this patient. The changes observed are consistent with the hypothesis that a taurine deficiency would interfere with bile salt conjugation and form a block at the cellular level. PMID- 830074 TI - The relationship of laboratory parameters to dietary intake in a long-stay hospital. AB - The dietary intakes of 98 long-stay geriatric patients were measured. These were compared with blood levels of thiamine, pyridoxine, folic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium, phosphate, potassium and albumin. Low leucocyte ascorbic-acid levels were associated with a low intake of ascorbic acid. There was no association between any of the other dietary and laboratory parameters of nutrition. The reasons and significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 830075 TI - The concept of peer review. PMID- 830076 TI - HERF is attempting to split nursing profession on institutional licensure stand. PMID- 830077 TI - Law & inservice: does it affect the patient? PMID- 830078 TI - [Immunotherapy and aphthous ulcers. Report of 52 cases]. PMID- 830079 TI - Central neural regulation of heart and blood vessels in mammals. AB - The study of the central regulation of the circulation in the past has been directed primarily at observing reflex responses to stimulation of peripheral receptors and at producing changes in cardiovascular parameters during electrical stimulation of central sites. These studies have demonstrated that the nervous system can regulate the circulation to different vascular beds with a high degree of specificity and that it has the ability to provide a range of coordinated responses which are appropriate to the metabolic needs of a particular behavioural pattern. In addition, it has become firmly established that the nervous system is capable of coupling cardiovascular changes with other autonomic and somatic activities to produce an integrated response. In the last decade it has become apparent that although the mode of operation of central cardiovascular regulation has been described in general terms, very little is known about the accurate anatomical localization of neuronal circuits and pathways and of impulse traffic corresponding to the changes in cardiovascular parameters that have been observed. This essay reviews recent information on discrete neuronal circuits and pathways and their mode of operation in electrophysiological terms. One of the most serious difficulties in this endeavour is the problem of demonstrating specificity of pathways and circuits because patterns of firing of afferent and efferent peripheral nerves can be usually identified, but the demonstration of specificity of central structures is a conceptual and technical challenge to the most skilled investigator. Several studies have been made in the last decade in an attempt to trace anatomically and functionally pathways involved in central cardiovascular regulation. Progress has been made especially with regard to the precise sites of termination of cardiovascular afferent fibres and the pattern of discharge of efferent cardiovascular neurons; some work has also been done to trace discrete pathways between the hypothalamus and the medulla and the medulla and the spinal cord. However, in view of the difficulties of establishing the specificity of cardiovascular pathways, progress will depend on the acquisition of a wiring diagram of simple cardiovascular reflex arcs before attempts are made to study the functional interactions of regions in the brain that have been traditionally associated with central regulation of the circulation. Future experiments should concentrate less on the demonstration of cardiovascular responses to stimulation or lesions in the central nervous system and more on the connections of discrete regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830080 TI - The hippocampus and learning. PMID- 830081 TI - The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the mechanism of seizures. AB - The knowledge that GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter substance in brain has spurred a prodigious research effort to implicate GABA in the etiology of seizures. Such an involvement for GABA can occur theoretically at either of two levels, at the level of its metabolism or at the level of its functioning. Convulsant agents such as picrotoxin and bicuculline appear to act by impairing the functioning of GABA at the postsynaptic receptor site, but virtually nothing is known about the attendant molecular events although a major expansion of knowledge in this area may be expected within the next decade. In contrast, a vast amount of data has accumulated with respect to changes in GABA metabolism induced by convulsant agents such as the hydrazines, hydrazides, and hyperbaric oxygen. The problem in this case lies in the interpretation of the data. Are the changes in GABA metabolism the cause of the seizures? There is clearly no simple relationship between seizure activity and any single parameter of GABA metabolism, be it the GABA content of the brain, or the rate of uptake of GABA by cellular components, or the activity of the GABA-synthesizing and degrading enzyme systems, GAD and GABA-T respectively. This finding may, however, be illusory since the parameters of GABA metabolism were in most cases measured using preparations from intact brain tissue. Observed changes in the parameters may not accurately reflect events at a critical subcellular location such as the synaptic cleft. Thus there may well be a simple relationship between the concentration of GABA in the synaptic cleft and seizure activity. Unfortunately the limitations of current technology preclude the testing of this possibility. The author has, however, developed an equation on an empirical basis which provides an excellent relationship between the excitable state of the brain and a function of GABA metabolism which incorporates both changes in GABA level and changes in GAD activity. This equation has been used successfully to explain and rationalize previously anomalous results with respect to changes in GABA metabolism associated with the action of both convulsant and anticonvulsant agents. The concept embodied in the equation is that the excitable state of brain is determined primarily by the rate of synthesis of GABA but that reflects changes in the concentration of GABA in the synaptic cleft has been suggested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830082 TI - Visual processing in the rock lobster (crustacea). PMID- 830083 TI - The membrane of giant molluscan neurons: electrophysiologic properties and the origin of the resting potential. AB - The molluscan neuron, because of its large size and accessibility, has been an important model for studying the electrophysiology of nerve cells. This review catalogs data about specific molluscan neurons, but the greater importance of this material is in the broad picture of how a neuronal membrane maintains internal potential and is responsive to changes in the environment. Electrical properties of the membrane. The mechanisms which contribute to the resting potential in molluscan neurons can be separated into ionic and metabolic components. When the electrogenic sodium pump is eliminated experimentally, the ionic component of the potential follows the constant field equation quite closely. Many of the "constants" and "parameters" which characterize the membrane of molluscan neurons are actually variables which depend upon temperature, ionic environment, and membrane potential. The evaluation of the electrical parameters is complicated by extensive infoldings of the somatic membrane, and by large axons which drain current from the soma. Most molluscan neurons have a very high specific membrane resistance and a correspondingly low potassium permeability. Membrane capacitance is close to the 1 microF/cm2 value which characterizes biological membranes. The current-voltage relation of molluscan neurons may be complicated by inward-going rectification, but if that is inhibited the I-V curve follows the prediction of either the constant field equation or a simple electrical model. Factors which modify membrane behavior. The resting potential of molluscan neurons is very sensitive to changes in temperature and Ko, through a combination of effects upon the electrogenic sodium pump, inward-going rectification, and the membrane "parameters". Inward-going rectification depends upon a rectifying K conductance, and can be eliminated by cold or the removal of Ko. Strong or prolonged currents have time-dependent effects upon the membrane, and excessive polarization leads to a "high conductance state". The underlying (non-rectifying) K permeability of the membrane is relatively insensitive to temperature and ionic changes, whereas the Na permeability increases with warming. Membrane resistance varies with both temperature and ions (because the I V curve is sensitive to these conditions) but membrane capacitance is relatively insensitive to external factors. Electrogenic sodium transport. Sodium transport is electrogenic in molluscan neurons. It can be stimulated by warm temperatures and an excess of substrate (e.g. high Nai); it can be inhibited by cold, by an absence of substrate (e.g. low Ko), or by pharmacologic agents such as cyanide or ouabain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830084 TI - Brain nervous mechanisms involved in the so-called extra pyramidal motor and psychomotor disturbances. PMID- 830085 TI - A review of some theoretical models of the brain. PMID- 830086 TI - Excitation and control of isolated photophores of luminous fishes. PMID- 830087 TI - Olfaction in fish. AB - 1. Recent progress in the studies on olfaction in fish, with particular emphasis on electrophysiological and behavioral responses to biological odors and related chemicals, is reviewed. 2. One of the most characteristic features in fish olfaction is that it takes place entirely in the aquatic environment. The carrier of stimulant molecules is not air but water; therefore, chemicals that are detected olfactorily by fish need not be volatile, but must be soluble in water. 3. The olfactory organs of fishes are diversely developed. At one extreme they are well developed (macrosmatic) such as in sharks and eels, and at the other they are poorly developed (microsmatic) such as in pike and stickleback. 4. The nasal cavity is lined with the olfactory epithelium, which is raised from the floor of the organ into a series of lamellae to make a rosette. The arrangement, shape and degree of development of the lamallae in the rosette vary considerably from species to species. 5. It is doubtful whether simple relation exists between the surface area of the olfactory epithelium and sensitivity to odors, since the sensory epithelium is not distributed uniformly over the surface of the olfactory lamellae. 6. The olfactory epithelium of fish, like other vertebrates, consists of three cell types: receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. 7. The receptor cell, which is a bipolar primary sensory cell, sends a slender cylindrical dendrite toward the surface of the epithelium and is directly connected with the olfactory bulb by its axon. The dendrite terminates in a minute swelling (olfactory knob) which bears a variable number of cilia. 8. The information from the receptor cell is conveyed into the olfactory bulb, the first relay station, where signals are processed and integrated. The dominant feature of the bulb is the synaptic contact between the primary and secondary olfactory neurones in the form of glomerulus. 9. All the available evidence points to a great acuity of the olfactory sense in many fish species both in the capability and discriminating odorous chemicals. However, much discrepancies exist among data obtained by behavioral and electrophysiological techniques mainly because of the lack of systematic investigations. 10. Electrophysiological studies of olfaction have been hampered by the extremely small size of the olfactory neurones. 11. A slow negative monophasic potential is induced in the olfactory epithelium when stimulated with odorous chemicals (electro-olfactogram, EOG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830088 TI - Production and role of inner ear fluid. PMID- 830089 TI - [The characteristics of the teaching at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion]. PMID- 830090 TI - [The effect of the family environment on the psychological characteristics of patients with Turner's syndrome. I. The Wechsler and Bender tests]. PMID- 830091 TI - Somatometric profile in patients with Turner syndrome. PMID- 830093 TI - Clinical spectrum of chronic active liver disease (CALD). PMID- 830092 TI - New concepts on the formation and dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 830095 TI - A distinct skeletal dysplasia in an infant from consanguineous parents. PMID- 830094 TI - [The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A case report]. PMID- 830097 TI - [Congenital leukemia. A report of a case with a masculine phenotype and 46,XX karyotype]. PMID- 830096 TI - Diabetes and nephrolithiasis in a patient with a long arm X-isochromosome. PMID- 830098 TI - [What would I do if I had a peptic ulcer?]. PMID- 830099 TI - [New morphologic principles of the physiology of smell and taste]. AB - New results as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy have given us further knowledge about the structure of the olfactory region of vertebrates. With comparative studies we are now able to discuss the functional relationship of this region. In all vertebrates the olfactory cell is a primary sensory cell. The apical segment of the olfactory cell with its olfactory vesicle is involved in the formation of the olfactory border. As a rule of the receptor possesses cilia or cilia-like processes. These are absent in the olfactory receptor of the shark, the microvillus receptor of the fish and the olfactory cell of Jabonsons organ of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The odorous substances in the fish are brought to the receptor membrane by the water flow. In air breathing vertebrates a terminal film is present. This film is a product of secretion from the Bowmans glands. Gasous odorous substances must first be dissolved in the terminal film and penetrate it before reaching the receptor membrane. The cilia-like olfactory process of the fish in the proximal segment is not essentially different from the kinocilia of the supporting cell, except that they are shorter. In contrast the olfactory cell of air-breathing vertebrates form cilia-like processes with a short cilia-like proximal segment and a long and very thin distal end piece. In the amphibians and sauropsidians the end pieces can have a length of up to 150 mu and up to 80 mu in mammals. The olfactory vesicles with its processes undergo continuous regeneration. The olfactory epithelium of man show the same structural formation as observed in other mammals. Regressive changes in the adult can lead to a reduction in the number of sensory cells and also to a flattening of the epithelium. Morphological criteria for regenerative processes in the sensory cell structures are present. A specialized olfactory cell type has been found in some teleosts. This cell is characterized by a small pit below the olfactory border in which the cilia of the olfactory cell are redrawn. There is some evidence that this olfactory cell type may be compared with the olfactory cells in the parafollicular tubes of lamprey. The so called rod-shaped receptor in the olfactory mucosa of fishes has no axon and is therefore no olfactory cell. The same kind of cell is also present in the olfactory mucosa of air-breathing animals. We classify this cell as brush cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830100 TI - [Evaluating function and disorders of taste]. AB - In a first anatomical section the peripheral gustatory pathways, their central connections, nuclei and cortical projections are discussed. It is evident, that the gustatory fibres from the posterior part of the tongue run in the IX nerve and those from the soft palate reach the medulla oblongata via the petrosal and facial nerve. For the anterior part of the tongue there obviously exists only one gustatory pathway via the chorda tympani-facial nerve. About the further central pathways of taste fibres is much less known. In a second part the methods of taste testing with different taste solutions and the electrogustometry are described. Their practical use and the pitfalls of testing are considered. The disorders of the taste sense compose a third part. Genetic and endocrine abnormalities as well as the side effects of drugs and radiotherapy and the destruction of taste nerves may lead to gustatory deviations. The possibility of central gustatory disorders, especially the combined loss of taste and smell as a result of trauma are mentioned. A chapter dealing with the therapy of taste disorders and a short outlook on the genetic aspects of this oral sense complete this review. PMID- 830106 TI - [Virus diseases of the mouth mucosa]. AB - In accordance with the system of viral species, viral disorders of the oral mucosa may be classified with regard to their intensity of affection. There are but few viral infections exclusively affecting the oral mucosa like e.g. 1. Glossitis papulosa of Michelson, representing a special form of vaccinia inoculata, 2. Gingivo-stomatitis herpetica and 3. warts of the mucosa or condyloma-like papillomas of the oral mucosa including oral papillomatosis, that, itself shows morphological and clinical similarities to laryngeal papilloma. A second group of disorders mainly affecting the oral mucosa includes the "Aphthoid of Pospischill and Feyrter", Zahorsky's herpangina and other viral infections by the Coxsackie group, like vesicular stomatitis. The 3rd group represents viral infections of other organs in which affection of the oral mucosa is a prerogative, e.g. smallpox, varicella, foot-and-mouth disease and pharyngo conjunctival fever. A 4th group includes those viral infections of the organs in which co-affection of oral mucosa occurs frequently or once in a while (at occasions). Here, we find eczema vaccinatum, herpes zoster, herpes simplex of the oral mucosa mostly on the hard palate, eczema herpeticatum, post-herpetic Erythema exsudativum multiforme, Mononucleosis infectiosa Pfeiffer, viral flu, German measles, parotitis epidemica, rubeola and ECHO-exanthema. A 5th and last group is made up by viral infections of other organs, in which affection of the oral mucosa hardly occurs at all. This group contains paravaccinal Ecthyma contagiosum, poliomyelitis, viral infection of the city of Marburg and some Arbovirus infections. Relatively few viral disorders never co-exist with lesions on the oral mucosa like e.g. Virus-hepatitis or some viral encephalitides. Groups 1 and 2, most important of all, are presented in detail regarding clinics, diagnostics, differential-diagnosis and therapy. The disorders within the other 3 groups are discussed only regarding their importance in the field of ENT-related symptoms of the oral mucosa. A number of pictures and tables completes important clinical details and give further hints to their differential-diagnosis. PMID- 830105 TI - [Inflammatory and systemic reactions of the mouth mucosa]. AB - The field of oral medicine is fundamental to the practice of general medicine as well as dentistry, oral surgery, and other special fields of medicine concerned with diseases of organs beneath the oral cavity. Disorders of the oral mucosa may reflect many dermal and internal diseases, and may focus the physician's diagnostic attention to systemic pathological conditions which otherwise could be misdiagnosed. As to their morphological appearance, however, the oral mucosa shows other forms of reactivity than the skin. When the dermal and oral manifestations of many skin diseases are compared the influence of distinct local factors on the intraoral clinical picture becomes evident. This comparative view, as well as the dermatologist's practical experience that many dermatoses either spread to, or even are restricted to the oral mucosa, may explain why most dermatologists are very interested in oral diagnosis. In this report, the interdisciplinary view and some aspects of clinical stomatology are stressed which are of actual interest in oral diagnosis and therapy. The following topics are dealt with: Diseases with aphthous lesions, Allergic reactions to drugs, Pemphigus and pemphigoid disorders, Oral infections by Candida albicans, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Lingual anomalies of different types, Leukoplakias. PMID- 830108 TI - Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including food colours, thickening agents and others. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 830101 TI - [Evaluating function and disorders of smell]. AB - Firstly the review deals with the olfactometry after discussing the olfactory and trigeminal sensitivity of the sense of smell. The term olfactometry will be newly fixed concerning the present problems of odor analysis. Under clinical aspects the methods of subjective olfactometry are discussed and valued. Olfactory tests basing on registering several psychosomatic reflexes (e.g. cardial and/or respiratory frequencies) cannot be described as "objective". Rather methods are objective which record poststimulatory electrophysiological events at different steps of olfactory pathways. The electric response olfactometry representing a cortical evoked so-called twin-potential containing equivalents for trigeminal and olfactory sense activity starts to demonstrate its efficiency. At least a complete test of olfactory function today includes the rhinomanometry for recording ability in nasal odor transport capacity. In the second part are discussed the olfactory disorders with clinical importance. Air borne disorders are confronted with sensorineural, which again are divided in prebulbar, bulbar, and postbulbar ones so far as possible. Respiratory smell disorders depend on nasal ventilation and occur in nasal deformations, in abnormalities of respiratory pathways, in cases of foreign bodies, mucosal inflammations, tumors, intoxications and allergy. Sensorineural olfactory disorders can be attached to age, to malformations or idiopathic defects, inflammations of the olfactory neural apparatus, head injuries, brain tumors, metabolic or endocrinological diseases. Furthermore often they are accompanied with neurological and psychiatric diseases or professional and chemical intoxications and/or iatrogenic influences. The poor therapeutical possibilities are demonstrated as far as possible. Finally the experting problems in olfactory disorders are delineated, at which the evidence of objective olfactometry can be distincted. PMID- 830110 TI - More hope for the infertile male? PMID- 830109 TI - Specifications for the identity and purity of some acids, bases, buffers, flour and dough conditioning agents and certain other food additives. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 830102 TI - [Clinical aspects of non-tumorous diseases of the salivary glands]. AB - The vast field encompassed by the non-tumorous diseases of the salivary glands poses difficult problems for their diagnosis and therapy. In order to facilitate comprehension of the pathological processes and the therapeutical possibilities for their treatment, physiological and biochemical aspects of salivary gland function are presented in the introduction. There are also mentioned in detail most of the diagnostic methods clinically applied today and stress is laid on their respective diagnostic values. In contrast to the opinion of many authors, exploratory excision and puncture are shown to be very important diagnostic tools in salivary gland pathology. The specific application of these methods is often the only means for a reliable diagnosis. The classification of the diseases follows Seifert's (1971) proposal. The chronic diseases of the salivary glands are specifically mentioned with the chronic recurrent and the chronic myoepithelial sialoadenitis taking first place. The sialoses are presented in a larger chapter. An attempt was made to correlate clinical and experimental results, to establish working hypotheses concerning the development of sialoses, to suggest therapeutical possibilities and, last not least, to give an idea of the many clinical and patho-anatomical difficulties to be overcome for a satisfactory understanding of such pathological processes. Finally, various forms of salivary gland fistulas and their treatment are mentioned. The long list of references merely gives an approximation of the abundance of publications dealing with the problems of this field. PMID- 830107 TI - [Clinical aspects of salivary gland tumors]. AB - This paper reports on epithelial tumours arising primarily in the major and minor salivary glands. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize our experience of salivary gland tumours on the basis of a material comprising of approximately 3000 salivary gland tumours as well as a review of the literature to date. The tumours are classified according to the classification recommended by WHO 1972. The incidence, location, symptomatology, grade of malignancy and treatment of the different tumour types in this classification are reviewed. Diagnostic procedures are discussed and a scheme for surgical treatment and radiotherapy of the different types of salivary gland tumours is proposed. PMID- 830111 TI - Sex and disability. Rehabilitating the young paraplegic. PMID- 830112 TI - Sex and disability. Problems of the arthritic. PMID- 830113 TI - Picking up the pieces...after aversion therapy. PMID- 830114 TI - Genital herpes. An important minor venereal disease. PMID- 830104 TI - [Biochemical aspects of human salivary gland secretions]. AB - Salivary secretions fulfill some specific functions within the human organism, which are explained. The scientific research concerning these fluids dealt during the last years especially with the formation of these secretions within the glands. These investigations have been performed mostly in animal experiments. The results obtained are briefly summarized. For investigations in human salivary secretions, it was necessary to develop some new techniques for collecting the secretions from separate glands. The interpretation of sialo-chemical facts is often difficult as there are many factors, influencing the flow-rate and the composition of the fluids. These factors, as known up to now, are explained. In separate chapters, the inorganic and organic composition of human salivary secretions is described. Concerning the protein-composition of human saliva, there are some newer results as aspects, which are discussed. It must be the aim of a chemical analysis to discover the interrelation between the differences in salivary secretions and pathological conditions. Therefore changes of the salivary secretions in systemic diseases are reported as well as changes in the compositions of these fluids in pathological conditions of the glands themselves. According to the results from own experiments and from the literature, it should be possible in the future, to develop some new diagnostic methods by analysing the salivary secretions. PMID- 830117 TI - The sexual aspects of ageing. The ageing female. PMID- 830116 TI - The sexual aspects of ageing. The ageing male. PMID- 830115 TI - Today's attitudes toward homosexuality. PMID- 830118 TI - Exhibitionism. PMID- 830119 TI - Urinary incontinence: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 830120 TI - Menstrual extraction: some statistics at last. PMID- 830121 TI - Marriages of homosexuals. PMID- 830103 TI - [Morphology of salivary gland diseases]. AB - The human salivary glands represent a functional system with manifold responsibilities and interactions to the organism. The major and minor salivary glands show a common construction schedule consisting of an acinar functional system for the production of an enzyme- and mucin-containing primary saliva and a ductal functional system with manifold secretory, resorptive and regulatory responsibilities for the transport and the definitive composition of the saliva. The cyclic AMP and calcium iones localized in the glandular acini have an exceptional importance for the course of the secretory process. The neurohormonal control of the salivary secretion results by adrenergic and cholinergic transmitter substances. Moreover the secretory process shows a daily cycle combined with morphological alterations of the glandular cells (so called circadian structures). The fluid secretion of the salivary duct system (the output of sodium-, potassium- and chlorine-iones) represents an active energy consumed transport process which will be regulated by several factors (autonomic nervous system, quantity of perfusion, hydrostatic pressure in the blood capillaries, transepithelial active transport by ATP-consumed pump systems). The striated ducts are the functional most important sector of the duct system for a rapid fluid- and electrolyte excretion. The terminal axons of the postganglionic sympathic and parasympathic neurits are characterized by spindle-shaped enlargements (varicosities) which contain neurosecretory granules. In the region of the acinar and intercalated duct cells a direct synaptic contact exists for the stimulation transmission, in the course of which the terminal axon contacts immediately with the effector cell by penetration of the basement membrane. The salivary glands form a part of the stabil tissues with reversible postmitotic cells in regard of the tissue regeneration. Under pathological conditions (inflammations, impediment of secretion fluid, radiation effects etc.) metaplasias and proliferations of the duct system arise with development of indifferent duct formations analogous to the type of an embryonal salivary gland. The terminal zone between intercalated and striated ducts represents an indifferent zone with large regeneratory potency. A special behaviour shows the myoepithelial cells which are developed as well to the outside of primitive embryonic duct buds as differentiated intercalated and striated ducts. Morphologically three types of diseases can be classified in the salivary glands: sialadenosis, sialadenitis and tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 830122 TI - Erotic yes--but was Rembrandt pornographic? PMID- 830123 TI - Smoking and fertility. PMID- 830124 TI - Why family planning involves every GP. PMID- 830127 TI - Mechanical aids to sex. PMID- 830125 TI - The drug treatment of female infertility. PMID- 830128 TI - Rape. How GPs can help the victim. PMID- 830126 TI - Art as sex therapy? PMID- 830129 TI - Sexual deviants and the prostitute. PMID- 830130 TI - Mumps and the menopause. PMID- 830132 TI - Living with transvestism. PMID- 830131 TI - Endocrine disorders and sexual function. PMID- 830133 TI - Sex appealing copulins. PMID- 830134 TI - Misunderstanding gynaecological terminology. PMID- 830137 TI - Anxious women forget their pills. PMID- 830136 TI - Carcinoma of the penis. PMID- 830135 TI - Through and beyond the climacteric. PMID- 830138 TI - Infertile husbands can still live in hope. PMID- 830139 TI - Psychological aspects of sexual medicine. The difficulties in providing help. PMID- 830141 TI - Psychological aspects of sexual medicine. The psychoanalytical approach. PMID- 830140 TI - The GP's role in sexual medicine. PMID- 830142 TI - Gynaecological aspects of sexual medicine. PMID- 830144 TI - Asian women and their contraceptive problems. PMID- 830143 TI - Psychological aspects of sexual medicine. Behavioural psychotherapy. PMID- 830145 TI - Surrogate's role in sexual inadequacy. PMID- 830146 TI - Effects of obesity on sexual function. PMID- 830147 TI - How to treat the overweight patient. PMID- 830148 TI - [The first permanent molar in orthodontic practice]. PMID- 830149 TI - [The first permanent molar and ring clasps in maxillofacial prosthesis]. PMID- 830151 TI - [Could one before long use a laser?]. PMID- 830152 TI - [Embryology and physiopathology of the first permanent molar]. PMID- 830150 TI - [Influence of the gonadal-hypophyseal axis on the magnesium and protein pathway of bones and teeth]. PMID- 830153 TI - [Simplified production of cast crowns]. PMID- 830154 TI - [The assistant and oral hygiene]. PMID- 830155 TI - [Radiologic studies in the evolution of the first permanent molar]. PMID- 830157 TI - [History of the Slatina-Olt Hospital (180th year of its existence)]. PMID- 830158 TI - [From the activities of an epidemiologic unit in a country hospital]. PMID- 830156 TI - [Cytogenetic study of blood lymphocytes in children revaccinated against smallpox]. AB - As the result of primary re-immunization with small-pox vaccine of eight years' old children chromosome aberrations were observed in their peripheral blood lymphocytes, the frequencies being 5.3% and 7.9% on the seventh day and in a month after the reimmunization respectively. Chromosome aberrations were significantly more rare in children with a high level of immunity retained after the preceding immunization as compared to those whose immunity was weakened with time. After the elapse of 6 months following the re-immunization the frequency of chromosome aberrationd did not exceed the initial level. The changes observed in the chromosome apparatus of lymphocytes are not specific for the small-pox vaccine alone, but are the evidence of the disturbance of homeostasis of the microorganism as the result of the effect of an alien antigen. PMID- 830159 TI - [Prevention and health-diet therapy in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 830160 TI - [Welfare assistant; important factor in realizing rational nutrition in the family]. PMID- 830161 TI - [The importance of the removal of various noxious factors in the mining industry]. PMID- 830162 TI - [Activities of the social welfare assistant in prevention of infant mortality]. PMID- 830163 TI - [Patient care technics in the orthopedic department]. PMID- 830164 TI - [Current status of the problem of nosocomial infections of viral origin]. PMID- 830166 TI - [Emergency medical care in special mobile resuscitation units]. PMID- 830165 TI - [Effect of medical physical exercises in patients with bronchial asthma and asthma-like bronchitis]. PMID- 830167 TI - [Animal bites]. PMID- 830168 TI - Mitochondrial biogenesis during fungal spore germination: products of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vivo. PMID- 830169 TI - Antithrombin-heparin cofactor: an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein. PMID- 830170 TI - The American Nurse censures the AMA. PMID- 830172 TI - [School for the adolescent]. PMID- 830171 TI - [Attitude toward the newborn in postpartum suffering]. PMID- 830174 TI - [First aid in cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 830173 TI - [Aspects of organization in the preparation of professional postgraduate studies for auxilliary personnel from the Arad District]. PMID- 830175 TI - [Bacteria as indicators of food contamination by feces]. PMID- 830176 TI - [Isolated traumatic luxation in proximal tibio-fibular joint]. PMID- 830177 TI - [Recognition, classification, diagnosis and expert evaluation of tibial head fractures]. PMID- 830178 TI - [Late results after conservative and surgical treatment of metacarpal bone fractures]. PMID- 830179 TI - On topical application of fluorides and its inhibiting effect on caries. AB - The observations of interest made in this investigation may be summarized as follows: 1. Conventional fluoride application by mouthrinsing with neutral NaF solution (0.025% daily for three weeks or three months; or 0.05% solution daily; or 0.2% solution weekly for three weeks) is found to result in only moderate and insignificant uptake of F in facial enamel surfaces. The gain is in the order of a hundred ppm within 10 to 15 microns' depth (as determined by an acid etching technique) and a few hundred ppm at 0.02 to 0.05 microns (according to pilot ion probe analysis). 2. Painting, at one week's interval for three weeks with 2% NaF (pH=5) solution and application of an APF-gel (Flura-Kerr 1.23% F) results in the significant uptake of a few hundred ppm F within the first 10 microns of the enamel. Painting with 2% NaF (pH=7), with 8% SnF2, or with 5% Na2PO3F solutions does not yield a significant gain in F in the first 10 microns of the facial enamel, as determined by the etching technique under similar conditions. 3. A varnish (Duraphat) containing 5% NaF (applied three times at weekly intervals) is found to deposit considerable amounts of fluorine in outer facial enamel. Within the first 10 microns gains of more than 1000 ppm F are detected by the etching technique. Uptakes of the order about 500 ppm F are seen even at depths beyond 10 microns; penetration of F is detected down to about 100 microns' depth. Ion probe experiments show a F gain of more than 2000 ppm at a depth of about 0.3 microns. 4. In teeth extracted one day after a single application of NaF varnish, the retained fluorine is higher than in teeth retained in oral environment for one or five weeks after application. This suggests that loss of F occurs particularly during the first days after treatment. 5. The varnish, when applied every six months in permanent dentition of 15 year old children, is cariostatic on all tooth surfaces. 6. The secondary ion microanalyzer ("ion probe") is a useful instrument for the study of fluorine concentrations in dental hard tissue, and provides a special approach to the outermost regions of enamel. 7. The ion probe renders quantitative F determinations in dental hard tissue; a calibration method is available when the positive secondary ion ratios CaF+/Ca+ or F+/Ca++ are recorded versus Ca++/Ca+. PMID- 830182 TI - Lead-stimulation effects of human cardiac orienting and blink reflexes. AB - Innocuous prestimulation can inhibit or facilitate a startle reflex in lower animals, depending on its lead time and on whether it is dircrete or continues throughout the lead interval. Similar effects of lead stimulation on the unconditioned blink reflex were found in human subjects, but human subjects also showed an effect not seen in lower animals. Under conditions of temporal and stimulus uncertainty, the presentation of discrete stimuli at lead times that have no effect in rats produced blink facilitation as well as pronounced cardiac decelerations during the lead interval in man. The article suggests that this effect might be mediated by an attentional process and that it could be dissociated from effects produced by a classical arousal mechanism. PMID- 830181 TI - Combination rules for inhibitory stimuli. AB - Startle reactions are inhibited if their elicitation is preceded by weak neutral stimuli at lead times of fractions of a second, or by intense startle-eliciting stimuli at lead times of up to several seconds. In three experiments (a) two weak stimuli, (b) one weak stimulus and one intense stimulus, or (c) two strong stimuli were given in combination. In all three conditions the combination provided more response inhibition than did either stimulus alone. Conditions 1 and 2 gave combination effects in which the inhibited proportion of the response was described by the rule for compounding the probabilities of independent events, indicating that the stimuli had noncompetitive independent access to the inhibitory machinery. The rule over-estimated the effect of the compound in Condition c, suggesting the presence of some other summative process, perhaps involving the prolongation of the refractory period. PMID- 830183 TI - Long-term retention of early Pavlovian fear conditioning in infant rats. AB - That organisms cannot remember events occurring during infancy may be the result of common forgetting processes exacerbated by the organism's increase in size during development or a unique process such as insufficient neurological development at the time of the early experience. To establish the uniqueness of infantile forgetting, size change was made irrelevant by exposing infant rats to "off-baseline" Pavlovian fear conditioning and assessing the effect of an apparatus-free conditioned stimulus upon independently established bar pressing. In Experiment 1, bar pressing by rats exposed to Pavlovian contingencies when 20 22 days old was substantially suppressed by the conditioned stimulus both 1 and 42 days after conditioning. In Experiment 2, pups conditioned when 17-19 and 20 22 days old again showed excellent retention, whereas pups conditioned when 11-13 and 14-16 days old showed total forgetting 42 days later. In Experiment 3, pups conditioned when 14-16 days old remembered well after 5 days, less well 10 days later, and not at all after 20 days. These findings suggest that size change may contribute to the forgetting of events occurring late in development, but that neurological immaturity may underly the forgetting of earlier events. PMID- 830184 TI - Effects of texture on visual noise masking. AB - Visual noise masks, composed of letter fragments scattered randomly over the visual field, disrupt the recognition of briefly viewed words when presented immediately before and/or after these words. According to the widely held feature similarity assumption, maximal disruption is predicted when the mask's letter fragments are equal in size and shape to the target letters. This assumption is not supported by the present experiment, which measured the masking effectiveness of visual noise patterns varying in texture (achieved by photographic reduction or enlargement). For target letters with stroke widths subtending 7.4' or less, the optimally disruptive mask did not vary with the stroke width of the target letters, but rather, was invariably composed of letter fragments with stroke widths subtending about 7'. For larger target words, however, this mask was not optimally disruptive. These results suggest that recognition of letters less that about 7' is mediated by a single size-tuned mechanism. PMID- 830185 TI - The familiarity effect for single-letter pairs. AB - A familiarity effect in these experiments is defined as a subject's ability to respond more rapidly to a familiar stimulus than to an unfamiliar stimulus. In the first experiment, responding faster to familiar letters (upright) than to unfamiliar letters (inverted) occurred only when the two stimulus types were presented in a random order. These results were interpreted in terms of the effects of processing strategy changes. The second experiment compared the responding of Japanese and American subjects to Japanese and English letters. American subjects responded faster to English letters and Japanese subjects responded faster to Japanese letters. This familiarity effect was obtained even when stimulus presentation was organized by letter type and subjects knew which letter type to expect. The final experiment compared English and Japanese letters in a memory search task. The rate of search for Japanese letters was slower than for English letters. However, no zero-intercept difference was obtained. The evidence indicates that familiarity does not affect an initial encoding process, but it can affect a comparison process. PMID- 830187 TI - Almost critical ecosystems. PMID- 830186 TI - A physical model of nerve axon--I. Ionic distribution, potential profile, and resting potential. PMID- 830188 TI - Diffusion model of tumor vascularization and growth. PMID- 830189 TI - An exactly soluble non-linear dynamical system. PMID- 830190 TI - Local models of cell aggregation kinetics. PMID- 830191 TI - The leading edge approximation to the nerve axon problem. PMID- 830192 TI - A stochastic model based upon computer simulation using pre-emption to predict size distribution and species equitability. PMID- 830193 TI - The influence of gas exchange on lung gas concentrations during air breathing. PMID- 830194 TI - Ecological capacity and species packing. PMID- 830195 TI - A.H.A. committee report. Prevention of rheumatic fever. PMID- 830196 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of quinidine in patients with arrhythmias. AB - The absorption and disposition of quinidine were measured in nine patients following single oral and intravenous dosing. A new specific chromatographic method was used to measure the drug in plasma and urine. After intravenous administration, the plasma half-life (t1/2beta) was 7.8+/-0.7 h, the volume of distribution (Vd) was 3.0+/-0.5 liters/kg, and the total body clearance was 4.8+/ 0.8 ml/min/kg. After oral administration, 87+/-7% (mean+/-SEM) was available to the systemic circulation. Quinidine was removed primarily by hepatic metabolism, with the renal clearance averaging only 1.0+/-0.2 ml/min/kg. Mean quinidine concentrations were estimated in 42 patients on chronic therapy by averaging blood levels during a dosing interval. In patients without heart failure, these corresponded well to mean drug levels predicted from the pharmacokinetic parameters measured after a single intravenous dose, but in patients with heart failure, the values for mean quinidine concentrations were higher than predicted. This suggests that impaired elimination of the drug or a decreased volume of its distribution, or both, may develop in heart failure. PMID- 830197 TI - Systolic thickening and thinning of the septum and posterior wall in patients with coronary artery disease, congestive cardiomyopathy, and atrial septal defect. AB - Echocardiographic septal and posterior wall thicknesses and the percent change with systole were measured in 146 patients with the following diagnoses: acute myocardial infarction (40), chronic coronary artery disease (49), congestive cardiomyopathy (8), atrial septal defect (20), and no cardiac disease (29). Mean diastolic thicknesses for the groups of patients with coronary artery disease and congestive cardiomyopathy were not significantly different from normal although there were abnormal values for individual patients within each group. Mean diastolic thickness of the septum was greater than normal for the group with atrial septal defect (P less than 0.02). Wall thinning with systole was associated with acute infarction or ischemia (P less than 0.0001); decreased thickening (less than normal) commonly occurred in patients with acute myocardial infarction, chronic coronary artery disease, and congestive cardiomyopathy. Patients with atrial septal defect had normal thickening with abnormal motion. Results of this study show that 1) systolic thinning is indicative of an acute event; 2) abnormal changes in systolic wall thickening occur commonly in patients with coronary artery disease or congestive cardiomyopathy; and 3) abnormal wall motion may occur without abnormal wall thickening, as the echoes of patients with atrial septal defect indicate. PMID- 830198 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic examination of the interatrial septum. AB - The interatrial septum has not been readily appreciated by M-mode echocardiography. Cross-sectional echocardiography has the capability of recording the shape and location of the interatrial septum. Real-time cross sectional echograms using a mechanically oscillating transducer were obtained on 100 consecutive patients. Echocardiographic examination of the left atrium and aorta was obtained in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the atria. In 15 normal patients and 17 patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) and 51 patients with other forms of heart disease, the interatrial septum was recorded as a linear echo from the aorta to the posterior wall of the left atrium. In six patients who had ostium primum ASDs, the echoes from the interatrial septum disappeared near its expected junction with the interventricular septum. Drop out of echoes in the mid portion of the septum was noted in those patients who had ostium secundum atrial septal defects but this could not be differentiated from normal. These preliminary data indicate that examination of the interatrial septum is feasible and may be specific in those few patients examined so far with ostium primum atrial septal defect. The ability to locate and record the shape of the interatrial septum could have many investigate and clinical uses. PMID- 830199 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis. AB - A real-time, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography system was used to assess mitral valve motion in 30 catheterized patients with pure mitral stenosis. Suitable images for analysis of mitral valve motion were obtained in 25 patients. The valve leaflets were most thickened and immobile at the leaflet tips while maximum mobility was at the leaflet body. Diastolic movement of anterior mitral leaflet toward the septum pulled the posterior mitral leaflet mid-portion inferiorly. Systolic bulging of the mid-portion of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium was seen in 40% (10 of 25). Movement of the anterior mitral leaflet in diastole is primarily due to movement of the whole mitral apparatus in patients with mitral stenosis. The anterior mitral leaflet E to F slopes did not correlate (r=0.38) with the mitral valve area determined at catheterization. Planimetry of the mitral valve area directly from the videotape images compared favorably to the valve area determined at catheterization (r=0.95). Thus, mitral valve area determined by this technique is an accurate noninvasive method for assessing the severity of mitral stenosis.? PMID- 830200 TI - Premature pulmonary valve opening. AB - Premature opening of the pulmonary valve (opening independent of atrial or ventricular systole) was originally described in a case of sinus of Valsalva rupture into the right atrium. Since that time we have observed five additional cases in which the pulmonary valve opened prematurely. Entities encountered included: 1) constrictive pericarditis; 2) Loeffler's endocarditis; 3) Ebstein's anomaly with tricuspid regurgitation; 4) tricuspid regurgitation following tricuspid valvulectomy, and 5) pulmonary regurgitation accompanied by atrial septal defect. In the first two cases, premature pulmonary valve opening is felt to be due to restriction of diastolic filling of the right ventricle with subsequent early diastolic rise in pressure equalling or exceeding pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. In the latter three cases, the increased volume of blood entering the right ventricle again appeared to result in a rapid rise in initial right ventricular diastolic pressure and to produce premature opening of the pulmonary valve. Premature pulmonary valve opening, therefore, does not appear specific for any particular clinical entity but reflects the relative pressures in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery during diastole. PMID- 830202 TI - A quantitative echocardiographic study of champion childhood swimmers. AB - An echocardiographic evaluation of 77 members of a championship childhood swim team showed dimensional variations from normal in most athletes. Cardiac walls were thicker than the 95th percentile of normal: right ventricular anterior wall exceeded the 95th percentile in 100%, interventricular septum in 83% and left ventricular posterior wall in 91%. The left ventricular and left atrial cavities in diastole had mean values at the 50th percentile of normal but showed considerable scatter. The left ventricular cavity in systole had a mean value less than the 5th percentile of normal and also showed wide scatter. The aortic root and the aortic intercusp dimension exceeded the 95th percentile of normal in most subjects, 74% and 77%, respectively. No correlation existed between the coach's estimate of championship ability and echocardiographic wall or chamber sizes. Children who participate extensively in athletic training programs such as swimming may have echocardiograms which are quantitatively different from those of nonathletic younsters. PMID- 830201 TI - A comparison of real-time, two dimensional echocardiography and cineangiography in detecting left ventricular asynergy. AB - Left ventricular wall motion was assessed in 105 consecutive patients both invasively, using biplane cineangiography, and noninvasively, by a real-time, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography system. Ventricular wall motion in five anatomic areas of the ventricle (anterolateral, posterolateral, apical, septal, and inferior) was analyzed by both methods in a double-blind manner. Two dimensional echocardiographic images were deemed adequate for analysis in 82% of the regions (430 of 525). Fifty-five discrepancies were noted in the comparison of the remaining 430 regions. The reasons for discrepancies in interpretation between the two methods were established for 54 during retrospective review: 33 were due to echocardiography (inadequate target visualization, observer error, or tangential echo views). Fifteen were related to angiography (overlay of silhouettes or observer error), and six were due to other reasons including definition problems or spatial orientation difficulties. Both real-time, two dimensional echocardiography and cineangiography have advantages and disadvantages. The techniques used together could provide more complete information concerning ventricular wall movement than is now currently available. PMID- 830204 TI - Recognition of residual postoperative shunts by contrast echocardiographic techniques. AB - A bedside echocardiographic technique was used to detect and localize residual intracardiac shunts in 26 patients who had surgical repair of septal defects. Contrast echocardiography was performed through central venous and left atrial monitoring catheters at the same time as cardiogreen dye curves. Indicator dilution confirmed residual atrial defects in ten patients and ventricular defects in five. Contrast echocardiography indicated the presence and level of shunting in all 15 patients. Temporary flow through newly implanted septal patches was detected and differentiated from shunting across a true residual defect. The contrast echocardiographic technique using injections through the central venous and left atrial catheters as described detects and localizes right to-left and left-to-right shunting. It is a safe and reliable method to evaluate residual intracardiac defects postoperatively. PMID- 830203 TI - Mid-diastolic aortic valve opening in severe acute aortic regurgitation. AB - A case of severe acute aortic regurgitation is reported. Echocardiographic findings included mid-diastolic opening of the aortic valve, premature closure of the mitral valve, diastolic shuddering of the anterior mitral leaflet, probable demonstration of the flail aortic cusp in the left ventricular outflow tract, and increased left atrial and left ventricular dimensions. Correlation with hemodynamic, angiographic and surgical evidence is made. PMID- 830205 TI - Effects of procainamide and quinidine sulfate in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Thirty-three patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were studied electrophysiologically before and after administration of intravenous procainamide and oral quinidine sulfate. Procainamide prolonged the shortest R-R (SRR) interval between two consecutive pre-excited beats during atrial fibrillation 20-70 msec in 15 of 21 patients with no change observed in 6 of 21 patients. Quinidine sulfate prolonged the SRR 20-170 msec in all 16. In 14 of 18 patients where procainamide and quinidine were comparable, quinidine prolonged the SRR 30-100 msec more than procainamide. PMID- 830206 TI - The response of healthy men to treadmill exercise. AB - Heart rates, blood pressures, and functional responses to submaximal, maximal and postexertional treadmill testing are presented for a group of 704 healthy, asymptomatic aircrewmen referred to the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. The indicated measurements are individually described by the use of percentiles. These data provide the practicing clinician with an accurate and complete description of the response of healthy men to treadmill exercise. PMID- 830207 TI - Coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect. AB - From 1965 to 1974, 53 children with coarctation of the aorta (COA) and an associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent cardiac catheterization. Thirty-one patients presented with congestive heart failure. Twenty-five of 27 patients (92%) who underwent cardiac catheterization under age 3 months had either systemic hypertension, a systolic gradient across the coarctation greater than 20 mm Hg or both. Pulmonary hypertension was present in all 25 patients. COA repair was performed in 39 patients and there were seven deaths. Of the 32 survivors, 23 have no residual gradient; six are normotensive but have a mild residual gradient; three are hypertensive or have a gradient greater than 20 mm Hg. Repair of the VSD or pulmonary artery banding has been performed in 11 of 44 patients who survived infancy. Spontaneous closure of the VSD has occurred in three cases and 25 patients have a small VSD that does not warrant surgical repair. Surgical repair of COA during infancy may be unavoidable but conservative medical management of the associated VSD is often successful. PMID- 830208 TI - Increases in plasma oncotic pressure during acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was measured in 95 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Fifty patients who were admitted for coronary observation but in whom acute myocardial infarctin was excluded, and 21 patients who had sustained acute myocardial infarction without evidence of left ventricular failure served as controls. Significantly higher values of COP, total plasma protein, and hematocrit were observed in patients with pulmonary edema. Increases in COP during pulmonary edema were best explained by transudation of hypooncotic fluid into extravascular spaces. Following treatment of pulmonary edema in 76 patients with furosemide, morphine, and oxygen, pulmonary edema was reversed in 65 patients. Reabsorption of hypooncotic fluid from extravascular sites with a significant decline in COP, total protein and hematocrit followed reversal of pulmonary edema. No significant changes in these parameters were observed in patients who failed to respond to therapy. These observations implicate filtration of hypooncotic fluid from the intravascular compartment during onset of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and reabsorption of hypooncotic fluid into the intravascular compartment during reversal of pulmonary edema. PMID- 830209 TI - The effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium in experimental diabetes. AB - The effects of chronic tolbutamide treatment were examined in a diabetic animal model in which abnormal myocardial function and composition have previously been demonstrated. Eight diabetic dogs were given tolbutamide 250 mg/day orally and compared with seven untreated diabetics, five healthy dogs receiving tolbutamide, and eight normal controls. After one year, resting hemodynamic studies in the intact anesthetized state showed that treated diabetic dogs had a significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 12.1+/-1.3 mm Hg associated with normal end-diastolic volume, compared to 6.1+/-0.8 mm Hg in untreated diabetics (P less than 0.01) and 6.3+/-0.5 in normals. Stroke work and ejection fraction were similar to normals. Acute volume expansion revealed a larger rise of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in treated and untreated diabetics than normals, without a significant stroke volume response in treated diabetics. Enhanced stiffness of myocardium appeared to be related to interstitial accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining material, further intensified in treated diabetics by triglyceride accumulation observed on electron microscopy and by chemical analysis. Thus treatment of diabetes with tolbutamide, despite improved glucose tolerance, effected further reduction of left ventricular function and altered morphology of myocardium. PMID- 830210 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and severe pulmonic stenosis in a 52 year-old man. AB - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cardiac congenital abnormality which usually results in death in infancy or early childhood. We describe a 52-year-old man with TAPVC and severe calcific pulmonic stenosis. Both diagnoses were suspected clinically and from the chest X-ray. Cardiac catheterization was confirmatory, and the patient underwent surgery. His initial postoperative course has been unremarkable. The hemodynamic factors relevant to long survival and relative freedom from symptoms in TAPVC are considered based on findings in this patient. PMID- 830211 TI - Sudden death during ambulatory monitoring. Clinical and electrocardiographic correlations. Report of a case. AB - A man with known coronary heart disease underwent treadmill exercise testing to determine his functional capacity. The test was negative for ischemia. Ventricular ectopic activity was noted at rest and in the recovery period. On the same day, while viewing a sporting event at home, the patient died suddenly. An ambulatory electrocardiographic recording documented ventricular fibrillations as the terminal mechanism. Ventricular ectopic activity and heart rate increased in the two hours prior to death, and ischemic ST-segment depression was noted at the time of the terminal arrhythmia. It is postulated that myocardial ischemia and catecholamine response lowered the threshold to ventricular fibrillation, thus facilitating the emergence of the fatal arrhythmia. PMID- 830212 TI - Development of pulmonary arteriovenous shunt after superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (Glenn) anastomosis. Report of four cases. AB - Four patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease who had previously undergone superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (Glenn) anastomosis developed pulmonary arteriovenous malformations that resulted in significant intrapulmonary right-to left shunting. This abnormality was documented by selective angiography, oximetry, and contrast echocardiogrphy. It may be a major cause of late clinical deterioration in patients treated with the Glenn anastomosis. PMID- 830213 TI - Hypereosinophilic syndrome with biventricular involvement. AB - In a 45-year-old man with hypereosinophilic syndrome, cardiac disease, mainly endocardial thickening and extensive mural thrombosis of both ventricles, was confirmed at autopsy. Early in the course of the disease, right ventricular endocardial biopsy had demonstrated the basic process. Restriction in filling and contraction of the right ventricle were demonstrated by functional studies. By echocardiographic study, progressive reduction in size of the right ventricular cavity and premature opening of the pulmonary valve were demonstrated, while this method was less adequate in identifying the process in the left ventricle. PMID- 830214 TI - Diagnosis of trifasicular damage following tetralogy of fallot and ventricular septal defect repair. AB - We evaluated the usefulness of the surface electrocardiogram to predict the presence of postoperative trifascicular damage. We used the pre and postoperative electrocardiograms and postoperative His bundle electrograms from 50 patients an average of 3.8 years following tetralogy of Fallot (TF) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) and RBBB with left anterior hemiblock (LAH) developed in 88% and 18% respectively, and 22% had transient postoperative complete heart block (CHB). Mean P-A and A-H conduction times were 16.6 and 84.9 msec and were not different from 37 are-matched normal patients and 61 patients with unoperated TF and VSD. The mean H-V conduction time of 48.5 msec was significantly increased compared to the other two groups. Ten postoperative patients had H-V times of 55 msec or greater, indicating trifasicular damage. Of these, five had electrocardiographic bifascicular block (RBBB with LAH) with or without additional 1 degrees A-V block. The remaining five patients' electrocardiograms did not suggest trifascicular damage. Since postsurgical trifascicular damage may progress to late onset CHB, conduction studies are indicated to identify patients at risk, despite surface electrocardiographic findings. PMID- 830215 TI - Temporary inhibition of permanently implanted demand pacemakers. AB - Temporary inhibition of permanently implanted demand pacemakers has been previously described. Demand pacemakers may be inhibited by waving a magnet over the region of the pacemaker generator or by chest wall stimulation. The former may not inhibit most of the bipolar pacemakers, whereas the latter may be time consuming and may casue patient discomfort. Another method is described which utilized a commercially available Cordis Omnicor Programmer, Model 166-B, to temporarily inhibit bipolar and unipolar pacemakers. By placing the programmer over the skin where the pacemaker generator is implanted and/or over the area of the subcutaneous pervenous lead and activating the programmer multiple times at a rate faster then the pacing rate, the demand pacemakers are inhibited. After testing the efficacy in vitro, the method was successfully tried on 45 patients. Fifteen of these patients had unipolar pacemakers. Pacemakers marketed by Medtronic, Cordis, Starr-Edwards, C.P.I., and Arco were tested. Temporary inhibition of permanent demand pacemakers is desirable under various clinical situations. The method herein described has the advantages of being simple, quick, painless, and is effective for both unipolar and bipolar pacemakers. PMID- 830216 TI - Quantification of the normal Frank and McFee-Parungao orthogonal electrocardiogram at ages two to ten years. AB - A quantification of the Frank and McFee-Parungao orthogonal electrocardiogram of 175 normal children, ages 2-10 years is presented. There are significant differences in age groups 2-5 and 6-10. The QRS voltages of the younger group demonstrate 1) greater Z anterior, 2) greater initial X right, 3) greater terminal X right, 4) smaller Y inferior, and 5) the T vector is oriented more posteriorly. There are significant differences between the two lead systems. 1) Frank spatial voltages are 70% of those of McFee. 2) Frank X left is 70% of McFee, but terminal X right is 75% and initial X right is 60% of McFee. 3) Frank Y inferior is 78% of McFee, but initial Y superior is 83% and terminal Y superior 61% of McFee. 4) Frank Z anterior is 64% and Frank Z posterior is 70% of McFee. 5) In terms of ratios the Frank is relatively less inferior, about equally posterior and more terminally right. 6) The T vector is more posterior in Frank than McFee. PMID- 830217 TI - Body surface potential distribution following the production of right bundle branch block in dogs. Effects of breakthrough and right ventricular excitation on the body surface potentials. AB - Right bundle branch block (RBBB) was produced in five dogs by incising the main right bundle branch. Body surface isopotential maps of each of these dogs were obtained from 85 thoracic electrocardiograms using a mini-computer technique. In addition, the epicardial activaton process was obtained from the same dog, and were correlated with the map pattern. Following the incision, the following characteristic changes in the map pattern occurred: The ventricular activation was prolonged in RBBB as compared with normal. During the early stage of ventricular excitation, the maximum was shifted leftward due to the activation wavefronts in the left ventricle in contrast to the double septal activation in the control. A localized lower potential area (a concavity) which appears in the middle stage of activation within the anterior positivity as an initial representation of breakthrough was also shifted left-and-downward and delayed in appearance. The sudden change in the potential distribution subsequently observed occurred quite differently. The terminal excitation was characterized by the maximum occurring over the right chest in RBBB in contrast to the left chest in control. These changes in the pattern of the potential distribution were compatible with the changes in the ventricular excitation process. This result may be applied to human RBBB map interpretation. PMID- 830218 TI - Quantitative analysis of exercise electrocardiograms and left ventricular angiocardiograms in patients with abnormal QRS complexes at rest. AB - The ECG changes during exercise are described in 71 patients with a previous anteroseptal or anterolateral infarction (ANT-MI) and in 73 patients with an old posterior or inferior wall infarction (INF-MI). Left ventricular angiograms in 95 patients yielded a good correlation between areas of dyssynergy and the QRS pattern at rest. The ST changes in patients with coronary artery disease and a normal ECG at rest, and in normal subjects, were oriented toward the right, posteriorly and superiorly. In patients with INF-MI and inferior wall dyssynergy, the ST changes were more inferiorly oriented. Anteriorly-oriented ST changes were associated with anterior wall or apical dyssynergy and with ANT-MI. Thus the spatial direction of the ST changes during exercise is related to three independent factors: those factors which cause the ST changes in normal subjects, the degree of myocardial ischemia in that particular case, and the extent of dyssynergic areas in the wall of the left ventricle. PMID- 830219 TI - The specificity of the diffuse pattern of cardiac uptake in myocardial infarction imaging with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate. AB - To analyze the specificity of the diffuse pattern of cardiac uptake with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (TcPYP), we evaluated the bone scans of 1,383 noncardiac patients and the myocardial scintigrams of 120 cardiac patients. Seventy (14.4%) of 483 bone scans performed on a scintillation camera revealed diffuse TcPYP cardiac uptake. Among the total 603 camera bone scans and myocardial scintigrams, the incidence of diffuse cardiac uptake was 16% among patients with clinical coronary disease but 13% among those patients without clinical symptoms. Discrete myocardial uptake was seen in 25 of 26 patients with transmural infarction. Femoral vasculature was more frequently visualized (84% vs 3%, P less than 0.001) and left mastectomy occurred more often (30% vs 1%, P less than 0.001) among patients with diffuse cardiac uptake than among patients with negative images, indicating possible blood pool imaging. The diffuse pattern of cardiac uptake appeared nonspecific and may be due to unintentional cardiac blood pool imaging. PMID- 830220 TI - Quantification of infarction in cross sections of canine myocardium in vivo with positron emission transaxial tomography and 11C-palmitate. AB - To assess myocardial infarction quantitatively in 15 mm thick transverse sections of the canine heart in vivo we utilized a new technique, positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT) and cyclotron-produced 11C-palmitate (11C-P) injected intravenously. Results were compared to regional myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) depletion, diminished 14C-palmitate accumulation in tissue extracts, and infarction estimated morphometrically 48 hours after coronary occlusion. CPK activity and 14C-P content declined in parallel in transmural biopsies (N=44) from normal and ischemic zones (r=.92) in six dogs; and infarct in 10 mm thick cross sections of the entire left ventricle estimated morphometrically (N=26) in six other animals correlated with CPK depletion in contiguous 2.5 mm thick slices (r=.92). When the percentage of infarction in 15 mm thick cross sections was assessed tomographically in six other dogs 48 hours after coronary occlusion with 11C-P injected intravenously, results correlated with infarction in corresponding cross sections from the same hearts estimated morphometrically (r=.97, N=9) and by analysis of CPK depletion (r=.93, N=9). Thus, PETT permits estimation of infarction in cross sections of the left ventricle in vivo after intravenous injection of 11C-palmitate. PMID- 830221 TI - Localization of radiolabeled cardiac myosin-specific antibody in myocardial infarcts. Comparison with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate. AB - The myocardial uptake of radioiodinated (Fab')2 fragments of antimyosin antibody [125I-(Fab')2] was compared with simultaneously administered 99mTc-pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) in dogs undergoing coronary occlusion for 24 (N=6) or 72 hours (N=5). Relative concentrations of both agents in normal and infarcted myocardium were related to regional blood flow as determined by distribution of 55Sr-labeled microspheres in the same animals. There was an inverse exponential relationship between 125I-(Fab')2 localization and regional blood flow in 24 hr (r=-0.64) and 72 hr (r=-0.80) occluded animals. The greatest uptake of 125I-(Fab')2 was observed in subendocardial layers of the center of the infarct where regional flow was most severely impaired (1-10% of normal flow). Maximal localization of Tc-PYP was observed in subepicardial layers in samples from the periphery of the infarct where flow was only moderately reduced (31-50% of normal). Differences in distribution of these two agents in ischemic myocardium are probably related to differences in kinetics of exit from the blood pool. PMID- 830223 TI - Clinical significance of prolonged sinoatrial conduction time. AB - Prolonged (greater than 152 msec) calculated sinoatrial conduction times (SACT) were found in 24 of 470 patients studied by the atrial extrastimulus technique, ranging from 155 to 220 msec (180+/-4.4; mean+/-SEM). There were 18 males and six females with ages of 29 to 85 (mean 65+/-2.6). Electrocardiographic monitoring revealed significant sinus or atrial dysrhythmias in 19 (79%) patients. Of these 19, 15 had persistent sinus bradycardia and/or sinoatrial block, three had sinus bradyarrhythmia with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and one had isolated atrial tachycardia. Additional electrophysiological evidence of sinus node or atrial dysfunction was present in 11 patients. Four patients needed permanent pacing during follow-up (mean follow-up period of 427+/-39 days) because of symptomatic bradyarrhythmia. Three patients died, none suddenly. In conclusion, prolonged calculated SACT was associated with a high incidence of electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic abnormalities of sinus node and/or atrium. Despite this, bradyarrhythmic morbidity was relatively low, suggesting that prolonged sinoatrial conduction time in the absence of symptoms is not an indication for prophylactic pacing. PMID- 830222 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and during exercise. Comparative sensitivity to electrocardiography in coronary artery disease. AB - The sensitivity of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using thallium-201 injected both at rest and during peak exercise was compared to simultaneously recorded 12 lead electrocardiography (ECG) for the detection of transient ischemia in 20 normal subjects and 63 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). No significant perfusion defects or ECG changes were seen on either the rest or exercise studies in any of the normal subjects. Fifty-six percent of patients with CAD developed new perfusion defects with exercise compared to 38% who developed ischemic ST-segment depression (P less than 0.02). However, when chest pain and/or ST depression were considered indices of ischemia, the sensitivity of exercise testing and thallium-201 MPI was similar. The increased sensitivity of MPI compared to ST-segment depression on the ECG was due to patients with baseline ECG abnormalities and those who failed to achieve 85% of predicted maximum heart rate with exercise. Analysis of the exercise results according to the extent of coronary artery disease revealed a progressive increase in both positive ECGs and MPI with the number of vessels involved. In patients with single vessel disease the MPI was more sensitive than the ECG (P less than 0.02). The combination of the rest and exercise ECG, MPI and chest pain during exercise failed to identify 11% of patients with CAD. Exercise thallium-201 MPI is a useful adjunct to conventional exercise testing particularly when evaluating patients with abnormal resting ECGs, those who develop ventricular conduction defects of arrhythmias during exercise, and those who fail to achieve their predicted heart rate because of fatigue or breathlessness. PMID- 830224 TI - Detection of left atrial myxoma by gated radionuclide cardiac imaging. AB - Gated radionuclide cardiac blood pool scans (GCS) of end-systole and end-diastole or eight images subtending the entire cardiac cycle were performed on seven patients with left atrial myxomas documented by pulmonary cineangiography with left atrial follow-through. The ethocardiogram was either suggestive or diagnostic in all patients. In addition to demonstration of the tumor (6 patients), the GCS detected three patterns of tumor motion: 1) a defect which moved from the left atrium in end systole to the left ventricle in end diastole (2 patients); 2) a defect which remained within the region of the left atrium but decreased in size between end diastole and end systole (3); and 3) a defect which was observed within the region of the left ventricle in end diastole but disappeared in end systole (1). Thus, the GCS is a noninvasive method for detection and evaluation of motion of left atrial myxomas. PMID- 830225 TI - Effect of iron saturation of transferrin on hepatic iron uptake: an in vitro study. AB - Studies were performed to delineate the effect of percentage of saturation of transferrin and total iron concentration on the rate of uptake of iron by the perfused rat liver. Normal and iron-deficient rat livers were perfused with sera that contained varying concentrations of 59Fe-labeled iron and transferrin saturation. Varying the percentage of saturation of transferrin while maintaining a constant concentration of iron did not influence the hepatic uptake of iron. However, raising the concentration of iron in the perfusate while maintaining a constant saturation of transferrin did increase the uptake of iron by the liver. At similar concentrations of iron and transferrin saturation, iron-deficient livers took up greater amounts of iron than did normal livers. In our experiments, the hepatic uptake of transferrin-bound iron is determined by (1) the concentration of iron in perfusate and (2) the status of iron stores in the liver being perfused. PMID- 830226 TI - Lipid islands in the gastric mucosa after resection for benign ulcer disease. AB - Lipid islands in the gastric mucosa are macroscopically well demarcated white or yellow-white patches, microscopically composed of accumulations of lipid-filled macrophages. The occurrence of lipid islands has not previously been linked to gastric surgery. This study presents the prevalence of lipid islands after Billroth I and Billroth II resection as well as in a nonoperated control group. Gastroscopy and multiple biopsies were performed at selected intervals after surgery. The occurrence of single or multiple lipid islands increased with the postoperative time, independent of the original ulcer disease or the type of operation performed. In nonoperated patients, lipid islands were found in 6.3%, and approximately the same prevalence was found 1 to 3 years after gastric surgery. A much higher prevalence was found 10 to 15 years postoperatively, and 23 years after Billroth II resection 60% of the patients demonstrated lipid islands. At repeated gastroscopic examinations over a period of 1 to 2 years, no certain changes in number, size, or distribution of the lipid islands were seen. The etiology of lipid islands is unknown, but intestinal-gastric reflux may be the most plausible etiological factor. PMID- 830227 TI - Metabolism of steroid and amino acid moieties of conjugated bile acids in man. V. Equations for the perturbed enterohepatic circulation and their application. AB - Equations previously developed to describe the enterohepatic circulation of the major biliary bile acids in man (Gastroenterology 67:887, 1974) were modified in order to predict the effect on biliary bile acid composition and pattern of amino acid conjugation after prototypic perturbations of the enterohepatic circulation in man. For the steroid moiety, the effects of bile acid feeding, increased recycling frequency, decreased intestinal conservation, and increased dehydroxylation were simulated. For the glycine or taurine moiety, the effect of increased deconjugation or preferential loss of one of the amino acid moieties was simulated. For the steroid moiety, the steady state biliary bile acid composition reflects the balance between input and conservation for each bile acid. Similarly, the distribution of bile acids between glycine and taurine conjugates reflects the balance between conjugation and conservation for each amino acid moiety. Because these values may vary widely and independently, analysis of biliary bile acid composition in terms of the steroid moiety or the glycine-taurine ratio per se cannot be used to infer the relative rates of input or conjugation. PMID- 830229 TI - Colonic obstruction by giant pseudopolyposis. AB - A case of obstructing giant pseudopolyposis of the descending colon is described. A review of the clinical course of this patient and a discussion of giant pseudopolyposis is presented. The pathological features of this giant pseudopolyp is described. Carcinoma of the colon has not been found to arise in inflammatory polyps and it is felt that surgery in nonobstructed patients with giant pseudopolyposis may not be necessary. PMID- 830228 TI - Persistence of proctitis in 2 cases of clindamycin-associated colitis. AB - Two cases of persisting proctitis after an episode of clindamycin-associated colitis are reported. Both patients had fulminant colitis and required emergency operation. Severe proctitis persisted in the rectal stumps until their removal 8 months after the initial diagnosis of colitis was made. Persisting proctitis has not previously been described in clindamycin-associated colitis. PMID- 830230 TI - Hemangioendotheliomatosis of the liver. A 12-year follow-up. AB - Hemangioendothelioma of the liver is a rare tumor. A case is reported of a middle aged woman who presented with hepatomegaly and ascites, and who has been followed for over 12 years. The clinical features, pathological, radiographic, portal hemodynamic, and metabolic changes are presented. PMID- 830232 TI - The lower esophageal sphincter as a barrier to gastroesophageal reflux. AB - To correlate lower esophageal (LES) pressure and gastroesophageal (GE) reflux, esophageal manometry and GE scintiscanning have been used to study 40 consecutive patients. Serial scintiscanning was performed as the GE pressure gradient was increased in increments. Reflux was calculated from the ratio of esophageal to gastric radioactivity. The relationship between GE reflux and LES pressure was inverse (r = 0.60, P less than 0.005). Two subgroups of 10 patients were studied further. After atropine, LES pressure decreased from 11.2 +/- 1.1 to 5.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) at 20 min. The GE reflux index increased from 8.3 +/- 2.1 to 13.4 +/- 2.2% (P less than .05). After bethanechol, LES pressure increased from 8.9 +/- 0.8 to 18.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) at 30 min. GE reflux decreased from 11.9 +/- 2.4 to 5.8 +/- 1.7% (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: first, GE reflux correlated with basal LES pressure by an inverse relationship; second, atropine decreased LES pressure and increased reflux; third, bethanechol increased LES pressure and decreased reflux. These data suggest that LES pressure is an important determinant of GE competence. PMID- 830233 TI - Computerized tomography, echo, before percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 830231 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and the liver. PMID- 830234 TI - Tetrodotoxin and the lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 830235 TI - Gastrointestinal plasma protein loss during ethanol ingestion. AB - Plasma and "equivalent" albumin loss in the feces were quantitated before and during ingestion of 40% ethanol using 51Cr-labeled albumin. Five subjects were studied in each classification of normal gastric mucosa, superficial gastritis, and chronic atrophic gastritis. During the control period, plasma albumin loss was minimal and similar in all three groups. Exposure to ethanol resulted in a greater output of plasma albumin in the feces of all subjects. This loss was statistically significant in subjects with superficial gastritis (P less that 0.01) and chronic atrophic gastritis (P less than 0.005). Two subjects from each group underwent gastric clearance studies of 51Cr-labeled albumin. Increased gastric clearance of plasma was observed in all 6 subjects during ethanol ingestion; the increase was highly significant in subjects with atrophic gastritis (P less than 0.001). We conclude that ethanol ingestion can cause increased loss of plasma protein in the feces, which may be of clinical significance in subjects with atrophic gastritis. PMID- 830236 TI - Sympathetic nervous control of intramural blood flow in the feline and human intestines. AB - Intramural blood flow and flow distribution in the feline and human intestines were investigated by means of a recently developed inert gas elimination technique during electrical stimulation of the regional sympathetic nerve fibers. The results obtained in man and cat showed qualitative and quantitative similarities. Thus, observations made on man strongly suggested that the intestine exhibited an autoregulatory escape from the vasoconstrictor fiber influence in the same manner as was seen in the cat. During the steady state phase of vasoconstriction induced by nervous stimulation at 8 Hz, blood flow in the mucosa-submucosa and in the muscularis was decreased to the same extent as was total blood flow in the cat, implying that flow distribution to these two major portions of the bowel remained unaltered. In man, the vasoconstriction was somewhat more pronounced in the muscularis than in the mucosa-submucosa. Hence, in man a comparatively larger fraction of total blood flow was diverted to the mucosa-submucosa during nervous vasoconstriction. PMID- 830237 TI - Localization of gastric inhibitory polypeptide release by intestinal glucose perfusion in man. AB - To determine the site of endogenous release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucose perfusions (556 mmoles per liter) of duodenum, proximal jejunum, midjejunum, and ileum were performed in human volunteers using an occluding balloon perfusion technique. Preperfusion GIP concentrations were below assay sensitivity (125 pg per ml) in all subjects. After glucose perfusion, maximal serum GIP concentrations for the four groups were: duodenum, 1383 +/- 152 pg per ml; proximal jejunum, 904 +/- 87 pg per ml; midjejunum, 545 +/- 91 pg per ml, and ileum 305 +/- 38 pg per ml. Integrated GIP secretion was significantly greater with duodenal perfusion (111 +/- 21 ng-min ml-1) d proximal jejunal perfusion (69 +/- 5 ng-min ml-1), as compared to either midjejunal (47 +/- 7 ng-min ml-1) or ileal (25 +/- 6 ng-min ml-1) perfusions. Peak serum insulin concentrations and integrated insulin secretion were also significantly greater with perfusion of the duodenum or proximal jejunum. Serum glucose concentrations, integrated serum glucose, and glucose absorption were similar for the four areas perfused. The results of this study indicate that the proximal small intestine is the primary site of endogenous GIP release in man, but that smaller quantities are also released by the distal small bowel. PMID- 830238 TI - Radioimmunoassay measurement of secretin half-life in man. AB - High titer antibodies to secretin were produced in rabbits by immunization with purified porcine secretin (from GIH) conjugated to bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Synthetic porcine secretin (from Squibb) was radiolabeled with 125I using chloramine-T and radiosecretin was purified using talc-silica and fibrocellulose powder. Specificity of antibodies to secretin was extensively evaluated in studies examining (1) cross-reactivity with other naturally occurring hormones, (2) parellelism of serum dilutions and secretin standards, (3) quantitative recovery of secretin added to serum samples, and (4) changes in circulating immunoreactive secretin in response to intraduodenal acidification. The mean fasting serum secretin concentration in 10 dogs was 65 +/ 5 (SEM) pg per ml and in 21 healthy human volunteers it was 69 +/- 5 pg per ml. In response to intraduodenal instillation of 10 mEq of HCl, portal venous secretin concentrations increased from a mean fasting value of 52 to 450 pg per ml within 2 min; peripheral venous secretin increased from 66 to 229 pg per ml within 5 min. No significant changes in peripheral serum immunoreactive secretin concentrations were identified in dogs after a protein meal. Intravenously administered secretin in man disappeared from the circulation with mean half-life 4.06 +/- 0.82 (SEM) min. PMID- 830239 TI - Micropuncture study of pancreatic secretion in the cat. AB - Using micropuncture techniques, pancreatic electrolyte secretion was studied in 50 female mongrel cats. During maximal secretin stimulation (GIH, 4 to 6 U per kg hr), juice was collected from intralobular (10 to 50 mu diameter), and extralobular (25 to 300 mu diameter) ducts by micropuncture and compared with juice simultaneously collected from the main duct. The juice [Cl-] steadily decreased from intralobular ducts (112 +/- 9 mEq per liter) to the main duct (46 +/- 8 mEq per liter). During in vivo perfusion, secretion of H2O and HCO3- by the extralobular ducts (25 to 150 mu diameter) was sensitive to secretin. There was no evidence for secretion by the main duct. Pancreatic secretion of water and electrolytes appears to result from the admixture of a Cl-rich primary secretion originating from intralobular structures and a larger volume of HCO3- -rich fluid originating from the smaller extralobular ducts. HCO3- cl- exchange in these ducts accounts for the characteristic changes in concentrations of HCO3- and Cl- as the flow rate varies. PMID- 830240 TI - An investigation into the medical state of patients over sixty-five years of age admitted to the Regional Eye Unit for surgery. AB - Patients over 65 years of age admitted to an ophthalmic ward were routinely screened in a standard way practiced in Geriatric Assessment Units. The previous drug therapy of all patients was particularly noted. A classification of the patients with undetected pathology was made and an attempt to categorise the percentage of those who required follow-up in the geriatric department and those who purely needed clinical information passed on to their family doctor, apart from the remainder who needed no medical advice. We postulate that this clinical assessment and subsequent treatment was of practical benefit to a large number of patients and therefore an attempt should be made to introduce this type of service more widely. PMID- 830241 TI - Retinal vein occlusion. AB - A brief description is given of the main clinical, histological and epidemiological circumstances of retinal vein occlusion. In an assessment of the pathogeneis of the condition, primacy is given to the role of arteriolar flow insufficiency and stress is laid on the long-standing capillaropathy which precedes the heamorrhagic phase of the disease. Basic therapeutic considerations are mentioned but stress is laid on the diagnosis of the pre-occlusive stage and on measures of a preventive nature that may be taken. Retinal vein occlusion and haemorrhagic cerebral infarct are compared with regard to their pathogenesis and the advantages are discussed of a common ophthalmoscopic study of retinal vein occlusion with neurologists interested in cerebral vascular disease leading to an interchange of therapeutic experience in both conditions. Finally, there are detailed the studies in retinal vein occlusion being conducted by the Jerusalem Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. These are studies of incidence, natural history and of pathogenesis as observed in the experimental disease produced in rhesus monkey. PMID- 830242 TI - Characteristics of hospitalizations and death cases of diabetic patients in a general hospital. AB - Hospital admissions of diabetic patients were analyzed in relation to total hospital admissions, during a period of 7 years in a general hospital. The prevalence of hospitalization of diabetic patients was 2.5%. The female to male ratio was 1.4:1.0. Admissions of diabetic patients to hospital are mainly in the older age groups. By the age of 40 years, 73.4% of the total hospitalizations occur but only 13.0% of these hospital admissions are diabetics. The age at time of death of admissions ending fatally is similar in both the total and the diabetic admission groups to hospital. When the percentages of hospital admissions which terminated in death are calculated for age groups, an increase is specifically demonstrated in the diabetic group compared to the total admission group. Thus, diabetes is a complicating factor which increases mortality in people over 50 years of age. PMID- 830243 TI - Chronic cardiovascular pathology and hearing loss in the aged. AB - With the objective of studying a possible correlation between chronic cardiovascular disturbances and hearing loss in aged people, two groups were compared. The first was composed of apparently healthy subjects and the second, of subjects suffering from clinically evident chronic cardiovascular pathology. All the subjects were submitted to a pure tone audiometry, discrimination test, SISI test and TDT. The results showed a significant difference in pure tone threshold audiometry between the apparently healthy subjects and those presenting cardiovascular symptoms; the discrimination and the TDT were comparable in the two groups. PMID- 830244 TI - Geriatric intensive care--indication and contraindication. AB - The indications for intensive care are discussed on the basis of new statistics assembled by the Swiss Gerontological Society. From the analysis of all admissions to 40 intensive care units (ICU) in Switzerland in 1973, it follows that one third are in the age group 65+, and 11% are 75+ years of age. Nearly 50% of these older patients in ICU had circulatory diseases, compared to 30% in the general population. The ICU of 3 clinics in Nuremberg admitted 38.5% patients over 60 and 18% over 70 years. The 4 main diseases were: myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, cor pulmonale, and pulmonary embolism. Of 860 patients admitted to the ICU in Berne, 40% were over 64 years, and 17% over 73 years. These were followed for 6 months following discharge, with good results in 64%. It is concluded that old age is no contraindication to intensive care. Diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities, not calendar age, are the basic indication for intensive care. Contraindication is present in cases where after several days in the ICU no satisfactory life can be expected to follow. In acute intoxication only 9-12% were older than 60 years; here intensive care is always indicated. PMID- 830245 TI - Geriatric malignancies and their hormonal aspects. AB - Malignant disease of the female reproductive organs accounts for over 11,000 deaths annually in the United States in patients over 65 years of age. Hormonal treatment is being used in some cases in conjunction with more conventional methods of treatment. Synthetic progesterone is used in the palliation of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A significant increase in the incidence of ovarian cortical stromal hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes and hypertension is found in these patients. For treatment of carcinoma of the ovary, a massive dose of an experimental progesterone agent, dimethylprogesterone (NSC 123018) is being tested in a group study. The treatment is used only for patients for whom conventional therapy has been unsuccessful. Although a few patients have shown remission, it is too early for conclusive results. Patients with advanced breast cancer and estradiol receptors in their tissue may show a favorable clinical response to hormonal therapy in 40-60% of cases. Patients lacking estrogen receptors have only a minimal chance of responding to hormonal therapy. PMID- 830246 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of brain proteins from young adult and aged mice. AB - The purpose of this study was to electrophoretically examine proteins from mice of different ages to determine whether general changes occurred in protein levels during senescence and to relate the data to specific ageing hypotheses involving proteins. Proteins from whole brain, brain regions, soluble and ribosomal brain fractions, from young adult and senescent mice, were totally solubilized and subjected to polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The resulting gel patterns were than compared by examining the intensity of gel bands of the same migration distance. Positive controls were used to establish the high sensitivity of the electrophoretic method. For example, band intensity differences were observed when brain proteins from different species, different periods of growth and development, normal and mutant mice, and different brain regions were compared. Virtually all band intensities and therefore, corresponding brain protein concentrations were unchanged when patterns from senescent mice were compared to patterns from younger adult mice. These results provide evidence against ageing hypotheses involving: (1) progressive programmed ageing; (2) protein cross linking, and (3) a systematic shutdown of gene activity. The few, select, protein band changes that did occur provide evidence that (1) the volume of the brain vascular system decreases with age, and (2) the brain S-100 protein concentration increases with age. PMID- 830247 TI - [The effect of age on the in vitro insulin response in the rat. II. Glucose metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue (author's transl)]. AB - A decrease of the basal glucose metabolism with sensescence in the isolated rat adipose tissue has been demonstrated. In the presence of insulin, the oxidation of (U14C)-D-glucose and its incorporation into triglycerides are significantly increased at all ages studied. No significant difference between groups of animals was noted when the insulin-stimulating effect was related to basal metabolism. The synthesis of fatty acids from glucose is highly enhanced by insulin at 6 weeks, poorly at 6 months and no more at 24 months. It is concluded that the insulin sensitivity of the rat adipose tissue is not affected by ageing. Nevertheless, as far as fatty acid synthesis is concerned, a different metabolic pathway could be involved. PMID- 830248 TI - [The effect of age on the in vitro response to insulin in the rat. I. Glucose metabolism on the diaphragm (author's transl)]. AB - No modification in basal radioglucose metabolism by isolated rat diaphragm could be seen with senescence. Insulin increased the production of 14CO2 only in growing animals. On the opposite, incorporation of radioglucose into glycogen is enhanced in the different age groups; nevertheless, the response in 3-month-old animals was lower than in 6-week-old ones. No significant difference has been detected between the adult and the old rats. Therefore, it is concluded that a diminution of insulin sensitivity appeared during the period of transition between growing up and maturity without any further modification during old age. PMID- 830249 TI - Age differences in simple paced tasks of attention and perception. AB - In an earlier study, several simple measures of attention and perception were administered to groups of aged and young subjects. Analyses of these tests are presented and include determination of differences in terms of number of correct responses and number of errors of omission and commission. As the tests were given on two occasions (1 week apart), an attempt was made to look at age differences in practice effects. Results confirmed well-known speed deficits with age. Errors of omission and commission did not differ between groups. However, on the most difficult of the tests, differential practice effects were observed. It is suggested that attentional or perceptual deficits may appear with increases in task difficulty in addition to the known speed deficits. Examination of intellectual deficits in areas related to learning (e.g., motivation, attention, perception) is believed important to the understanding of learning deficits with age. PMID- 830250 TI - Cerebral vasoreactivity in senile dementia. AB - A group of clinical senile dementia patients underwent a series of cerebrovascular examinations. Some of them were standard examinations (fundus oculi, electroencephalogram, rheoencephalogram, cerebral angiogram and pneumonencephalogram) while the others were studying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and modification of flow under fonctional tests (hypercapnia, hypocapnia and intravenous injection of 50 mg chl. papaverine) using the 133Xe clearance technique. The senile dementia group (III) was compared with 'normal' old patients group (I) and with patients suffering from sequelae of a previous stroke or from minor mental disorders (group II). Elderly subjects regarded as 'normal' often present alterations in usual vascular examinations but reveal a relative integrity of cerebral autoregulation. Some patients considered irreversibly 'sclerotic' still have a good grey matter flow (r1CBF) with real vasomotor possibilities. In each of the three groups of elderly subjects, there seemed to be a lack of correlation between the clinical symptoms and certain specific vascular examination. PMID- 830251 TI - Strain of rat skin at constant load (creep experiments): influence of age and desmotropic agents. AB - Creep experiments were performed on skin strips of rats of various ages (4 weeks to 2 years) and of rats treated with prednisolone acetate or D-penicillamine for 10 days. In one specimen of back skin the ultimate load and tensile strength was measured at an extension rate of 5 cm/min. 50 or 25% of the ultimate load was applied to other specimens of the same skin area. Strain (% extension), time until break, and ultimate extension rate were measured in these samples. The constant load was applied either in a continuous or an intermittent manner. The maturation process (up to an age of 1 year) induced an increase of tensile strength and of ultimate strain followed by a decrease due to the ageing process. Time until break was increased and ultimate extension rate was decreased during the whole life span. These values did not show a maximum or minimum. D Penicillamine decreased tensile strength, decreased the ultimate strain, shortened the time until break at constant load and increased the ultimate extension rate. Prednisolone increased tensile strength and induced some decrease of ultimate strain and time until break. It was concluded that phenomena like creep indicating the viscosity of connective tissue do not resemble those parameters indicating elasticity behaviour. PMID- 830252 TI - The variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc with ageing. I. Chondrodystrophoid breed. AB - The variation with age and spinal level of the glycosaminoglycan distribution in beagle (a chondrodystrophoid breed) intervertebral discs have been assessed by means of histochemical and chemical methods. Chondroitin sulphate is the major glycosaminoglycan of the immature beagle disc, but with ageing, this is partially replaced by keratosulphate. The level of glycosaminoglycans in the nucleus pulposus is markedly less than in the nonchondrodystrophoid breed and by 1 year of age, the beagle nucleus pulposus has become largely fibrocartilagious. This alteration in 'normal' disc developments is possibly associated with the elevated incidence of disc disorders in the chondrodystrophoid breeds. PMID- 830253 TI - Variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the intervertebral disc with ageing. II. Non-chondrodystrophoid breed. AB - The variation with age and spinal level of the glycosaminoglycan distribution in the greyhound (a non-chondrodystrophoid breed) intervertebral disc has been assessed by means of histochemical and chemical methods. The principal glycosaminoglycans of the greyhound disc are the chondroitin sulphates. With ageing, there is evidence of a decline in these components and the replacement by keratosulphate. The discs of this breed contain high proportions of sialic acid and hexosamines well into old age which are thought to be associated with non collagenous proteins (glycoproteins). The maintenance of glycosaminoglycans and glycoprotein levels in the disc nucleus pulposus into old age is possibly associated with the relatively low incidence of disc disorders in the non chondrodystrophoid breeds. PMID- 830254 TI - Exaggerated response to (+)amphetamine in geriatric bergils. AB - Young adult (6--8 months) and old (greater than 24 months) gerbils were compared with respect to locomotor activity, body temperature and toxicity to (+)amphetamine given intraperitoneally. Old gerbils showed greater locomotor activity to 5.6 mg/kg, greater hyperthermia to 10.0 mg/kg, and lower LD50 (young adult 34.0 +/- 7 mg/kG vs. old 17.6 +/- 2.8 mg/kg) than young adults. These differences were not related to increased drug levels in whole blood or brain nor to diminished clearance of the drug from these sites. No age-related difference could be found in the ability to regulate body temperature in the face of extreme environmental temperatures nor could a difference be detected in the hypothermic response to the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine in doses of 5.6 mg/kg i.p. PMID- 830255 TI - Accuracy of portein synthesis and in vitro aging. Search for altered enzymes in senescent cultured cells from human livers. AB - The authors have looked for altered proteins in senescent cultured cells from adult liver. Four enzymes (phosphoglycerate kinase, M2 type pyruvate kinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been studied by immunological and enzymatic titration and electrofocusing. In addition, heat stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was appraised in cell crude extracts and in partially purified preparations. Enzymatic aactivity as well as immunological reactivity of the four enzymes studied were identical 16 lines in phase II and in 13 lines in phase III. Electrofocusing pattern of the enzymes from 'young cells' was identical to the ones from 'old cells'. Finally, G6PD from old cells seemed to be more unstable than G6PD from young cells when studied in crude extracts. These differences, however, disappeared as G6PD was partially purified from old or young cultured cells. Consequently, no evidence of altered protein, either missynthesized or posttranslationally modified, was found in the senescent cultured cells studied. Moreover, this work indicated that the modification of heat stability of G6PD from old cells was not due to the enzyme molecule itself but rather to the cell medium. PMID- 830256 TI - An age-related attentuation of selectivity of choice in a modified guessing task. AB - Previous research has shown that older Ss tend to be less selective in multi source monitoring tasks in that they do not observe the more likely source of information as frequently as do the young. On the other hand, it has also been found that in a simple guessing-game or probability matching task older Ss are no different in their patterns of prediction. An experiment is described below in which old and young Ss take part in a simple quessing-game task where uncertainty as to the success of a guess is made artificially high by the introduction of a proportion of trials on which the stimulus event occurring could not be guessed. Under these conditions old Ss were less selective in their responses. It is suggested that the results support a view that older Ss are less selective at high levels of uncertainty in the likelihood of a guess being the correct one, and that the result is consistent with both types of earlier results, goes part way towards clarifying the differences, and provides a further example of a situation in which attenuated guessing-selectivity is associated with age. PMID- 830257 TI - Lithium in depression: a biochemical study. AB - Two groups of depressed subjects, one with a history of recurrent depression, the other with a history of persistent apathy, were given lithium carbonate 1,200 mg q.i.d. and supplementart potassium 1,200 mg t.d.s. for 1 week. Measurements were made before and after the lithium treatment of total body water (tritium space), extracellular fluid (sulphate space), total exchangeable sodium (Nae) and total exchangeable potassium (Ke) using sodium-24 and potassium-42 multiple isotope dilution techniques. Prior to treatment when compared with a group of normal subjects, both depressed groups showed changes in body fluid volumes and electrolyte levels. Total body water, intracellular fluid and intracellular potassium were lowered, while electrolyte levels. Total body water, intracellular fluid and intracellular potassium were lowered, while intracellular sodium was raised. After treatment with lithium the values in the apathetic group showed little change but the group with recurrent depression showed a significant increase in intracellular fluid (p less than 0.025), Ke (p less than 0.001), intracellular potassium (p less than 0.025) and a significant decrease in Nae (p less than 0.05). There was a marked increase in mood in the group with recurrent depression but not in the apathetic group following lithium treatment. These findings suggest that recurrent depression, both in clinical improvement, mood and also correction of water and also correction of water and electrolyte disturbances arise, but not in patients with long-standing apathy. PMID- 830258 TI - Difficulties in integrating child and adolescent training and service in a community mental health center. AB - In 1972 the Rutgers Community Mental Health Center opened as an integral component of the department of psychiatry at the new Rutgers Medical School. The center was the primary clinical facility for training and service. The philosophy of the child and adolescent services within the center emphasized community-based programs with a continuum of backup care extending into the center. A multidisciplinary multimodal approach was developed. The author discusses several of the training and service problems that developed during the first two years of the center's operation and the approaches to resolving the difficulties. PMID- 830259 TI - Disaster-relief training and mental health. AB - The author describes a training program in diaster-relief agencies. The program is designed to improve their over-all understanding of disaster-relief work and to increase their sensitivity to the emotional needs of disaster victims. Based on the recommendations of a state task force report, it consists of a workshop that makes use of videotapes and learning exercises to help participants improve their listening skills, learn problem-solving techniques, become aware of behavioral signs that can alert them to victims' emotional reactions, and familiarize them with the work of other relief agencies. PMID- 830260 TI - Alcoholism and the courts: experience with a traffic safety project. AB - The authors describe a federally funded Alcohol Safety Action Project in Texas that attempted to change the drinking behavior of individuals arrested for driving while intoxicated. The project was one of more than 35 around the nation designed to deal with the problem of the drinking driver; unlike many others, its primary emphasis was on rehabilitation. The project functioned as a self supported ancillary agency to the probation department; however, because of problems in coordination with the legal system, it had access to only about a fourth of the DWI offenders. Despite that drawback, and the inability to prove the value of the projects by the federal evaluation criteria initially set, the authors believe that the experience in Texas has demonstrated the advantages of combining the efforts of the judicial and the health-care systems to deal with alcohol abuse. PMID- 830261 TI - Crisis intervention in a state institution for the mentally retarded. PMID- 830262 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in hypothyroidism. Response to gradual thyroxine replacement. AB - Left ventricular performance was studied in 15 patients with severe, primary hypothyroidism (mean serum total thyroxine of 0.8 mug per 100 ml and serum thyrotropin of 160 muU per milliliter). Pretreatment systolic-time intervals were characterized by prolongation of the pre-ejection period (delta PEP = +30) and reduction of the left ventricular ejection period (delta LVET = -23) with a resultant increase in the PEP/LVET ratio (0.47). Nine of 14 patients demonstrated pericardial effusions. These abnormalities were reversed with physiologic thyroxine replacement. Further reductions of the delta PEP and PEP/LVET ratio occurred with supraphysiologic doses (200 to 300 mug per day). During therapy, delta PEP was inversely correlated with serum thyroxine (P less than 0.001) and directly correlated with serum thyrotropin (P less than 0.001). Thus physiologic thyroid hormone replacement, appropriately adjusted to need, appears necessary in hypothyroidism for optimal left ventricular function. PMID- 830263 TI - Suppression of erythroid-colony formation by lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anemia. AB - To explore the possible role of cell-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in acquired aplastic anemia, we studied the effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes from seven patients with aplastic anemia on erythroid-colony formation by normal human bone marrow in an in vitro plasma clot-culture system. Varying numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (0.5 to 6 X 10(5) cells) were cocultured with 6 X 10(5) normal bone-marrow cells in the presence of 2 IU of erythropoietin for seven days. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from five of the seven patients with aplastic anemia caused a 79 to 94 per cent reduction of erythroid-colony formation. Thus, at a peripheral blood lymphocyte concentration of 2 X 10(5) cells, the numbers of erythroid colonies formed (control vs. experimental) were 374 +/- 16 (S.E.M.) vs. 22 +/- 6, 48 +/- 4, 50 +/- 16, 80 +/- 4 and 27 +/- 3. These results suggest that some patients with aplastic anemia possess a population of lymphocytes capable of suppressing in vitro erythropoiesis. PMID- 830264 TI - The epidemiology of the gastrointestinal randomized clinical trial. AB - Has the randomized clinical trial (RCT), generally accepted as the method of choice for evaluation of most treatments, obtained a footing in gastroenterology? Among 35,228 citations on gastroenterologic therapy indexed in MEDLARS 1964-1974 306 (0.9 per cent) were RCT's. During the decade their frequency rose significantly (P less than 0.05) from 0.3 per cent in 1964 to 1.7 per cent in 1973. The "typical" RCT was a double-blind two-group comparison of a new and an established drug on the symptoms of peptic ulcer; 50 patients were followed for six weeks, and the number of dropouts was unknown. The new drug was found to be more effective. It is postulated that the RCT's in gastroenterology are quantitatively and qualitatively insufficient and that co-ordinated planning of RCT's and uninhibited publication of statistically proved negative results may help to ensure that the patient with gastrointestinal disease receives the best available treatment. PMID- 830266 TI - The lawyers' role in medical malpractice claims. PMID- 830265 TI - Urinary temperature: a clue to early diagnosis of factitious fever. PMID- 830267 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 1-1977. PMID- 830268 TI - Aplastic anemia--suppressor lymphocytes and hematopoiesis. PMID- 830269 TI - Salt wasting--consequence of functional adaptation. PMID- 830271 TI - The swine-influenza decision. PMID- 830270 TI - Ethics of human experimentation defined by a national commission. PMID- 830273 TI - Steroids for idiopathic membraneous nephritis. PMID- 830272 TI - High-cost benefit of chlorambucil in frequent relapsing neprhosis. PMID- 830275 TI - Red-cell pyridoxine metabolism. PMID- 830274 TI - Depressor effect of saralasin in hypertensive crisis due to pheochromocytoma. PMID- 830276 TI - Transfer factor in treating hepatitis B (cont.) PMID- 830277 TI - Fibrin monomer complexes in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 830278 TI - Neonatal abnormalities associated with D-penicillamine treatment during pregnancy. PMID- 830280 TI - No evidence that botulism causes sudden infant deaths. PMID- 830279 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody in neonatal myasthenia gravis. PMID- 830281 TI - Posterior-fossa ependymomas. PMID- 830282 TI - Cyproheptadine for Cushing's disease (cont.) PMID- 830283 TI - On decision making surrounding drug therapy: a continuing dilemma. PMID- 830284 TI - The role of the physician as a patient advocate. PMID- 830285 TI - Patient ductus arteriosus. PMID- 830286 TI - Criteria for publication. PMID- 830287 TI - Dental care in leukemia. PMID- 830288 TI - Increased prevalence of prostatic carcinoma due to more thorough microscopical examination. PMID- 830289 TI - Management of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 830290 TI - Biologic activity of ectopic parathyroid hormone. PMID- 830291 TI - Dyskinesias after antihistamine use. PMID- 830292 TI - Intravenous phenytoin. PMID- 830293 TI - Gut lesions due to slow-release KC1 tablets. PMID- 830294 TI - Hazard of barium enema in elderly with inguinal hernia. PMID- 830295 TI - Problems of mammography. PMID- 830296 TI - Year-round poison prevention. PMID- 830297 TI - Value of fetal monitoring. PMID- 830298 TI - Safety of intensive chelation therapy. PMID- 830299 TI - Apparent uptake of purines by the human heart. PMID- 830300 TI - The nuclear-danger debate. PMID- 830301 TI - Injuries caused by biomedical research. PMID- 830302 TI - The nature of compassionate care. PMID- 830303 TI - Health needs of the Third World. PMID- 830304 TI - Statistical analysis of group opinion. PMID- 830305 TI - "Significant". PMID- 830306 TI - What three things does drink provoke. PMID- 830307 TI - Transfer of U.S. students from foreign to U.S. medical schools. PMID- 830308 TI - Seduction by citation. PMID- 830309 TI - Cardiovascular birth defects and antenatal exposure to female sex hormones. AB - In a cohort of 50,282 pregnancies 19 children with cardiovascular defects were born to 1042 women who received female hormones during early pregnancy (18.2 per 1000). Among 49,240 children not exposed in utero to these agents there were 385 with cardiovascular malformations (7.8 per 1000). Six children with cardiovascular defects were born to a sub-group of 278 women who used oral contraceptives during early pregnancy (21.5 per 1000). After the data were controlled for a wide variety of potentially confounding factors by multivariate methods, the association between in utero exposure to female hormones and cardiovascular birth defects was statistically significant. PMID- 830310 TI - Determinants and assessment of cardiac function. PMID- 830311 TI - Amniotic-fluid cortisol and human fetal lung maturation. PMID- 830312 TI - Anastomoses between the coeliac and the superior mesenteric artery in radiological and anatomical material. AB - We tried to classify the anastomoses between the coeliac and the superior mesenteric artery into four groups: anastomoses in the pancreatico-duodenal region, Buhler's longitudinal anastomoses, anastomoses in the hepatic region and atypical cases. The possible causes of origin are shortly discussed. PMID- 830313 TI - Radiological diagnosis of orbital tumours. AB - Apart from plain X-rays of the orbit, the principal radiological methods of examination of exophthalmos are: orbital phlebography, carotid arteriography and, recently, computer tomography. The value of each of these methods is discussed with reference to four patients suffering from exophthalmos of varying aetiology. Computer tomography supplies the most comprehensive information on localization and extent of retro-orbital processes as causes of exophthalmos. Phlebography would seem to be the method of choice in demonstrating processes close to the osseous boundaries of the orbit. Information on the aetiology of retro-orbital processes is rarely obtained by radiological methods. In this respect carotid arteriography would seem to make the most important contribution. PMID- 830314 TI - Early and late radiological features of damage to the stomach caused by acid ingestion. AB - The early and late radiological features of damage to the stomach and duodenum caused by acid ingestion are described based on our experience with ten patients. The radiological features of early corrosive damage to the stomach caused by acid are: gastric atony, thickened mucosal folds and mural filling defects representing mucosal edema, mural hematoma and necrosis. Similar changes, although to a lesser degree, can be seen in the duodenum. Within a few weeks after ingestion there is rapid progression to antropyloric stenosis, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. The clinical and radiological picture of corrosive gastritis may closely resemble that of malignancy of the stomach. Acid ingestion, particularly with suicidal intent, is not a rare occurrence, and the radiologist has an important part in its diagnosis, evaluation and management. PMID- 830315 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax complicating lung metastases from carcinoma of the breast. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax is an uncommon complication of lung metastatic disease. In most of the cases reported until today, the primary disease was a sarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, hemangioendotheliosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma). An exceptional case of spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient suffering from carcinoma of the breast with lung metastases, is herein presented. The pneumothorax developed immediately after regression of lung metastases during administration of combined chemotherapy. Some etiological factors, as well as the rarity of this complication and its treatment, are also discussed. PMID- 830316 TI - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated in the RRTI. AB - 80 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx classified according to TNM categories who have been treated in the RRTI between January 1947 and January 1966 are discussed. During 1947-1957 patients were treated by orthovoltage, and after this period by cobalt machine. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 35%. Various factors such as age, sex, sign and symptoms, TNM classification, histology and type of treatment are discussed and related to the incidence of:local recurrence 27% (20/73); regional recurrence 29% (17/58); invasion of the base of the skull 21% (16/78); regional metastases 38% (30/78); distant metastases 49% (38/78), and to 5-year survival 33% (26/80). An overview is given of the present method of treatment in the RRTI based on the data in literature and obtained in this analysis. PMID- 830317 TI - Reduction of the limitations for the calculations of shielding effects with Van de Geijn's computer program. AB - The possibilities for reducing in Van de Geijn's computer program the original limitations for the size and the position within the field of shielding blocks are explored. New methods are presented which are based on experimental measurements as well as more theoretical approaches, without need for any change in the program itself. Two typical clinical examples are presented and the precision obtained critically investigated. PMID- 830318 TI - Leg phlebography: the incidence, nature and modification of undesirable side effects. AB - A prospective study was performed to elucidate the side effects of contrast medium phlebography for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVTP). The phelbograms were obtained with the patient in a semi-erect position, with an average dose of 125 ml of contrast medium infused continuously over 7-12 min. Renografin 60, or the same agent diluted to three-quarter strength, was used. The major side effects were pain during the study and a symptom complex resembling DVTP starting 12-36 hours after the study. Both were more common with the standard contrast medium (pain: 59.0% vs. 30.0%; delayed reaction: 24.0% vs. 7.5%), although the percentage of positive studies was unchanged (about 35.0%). Side effects were more frequent and severe than previously thought, but their incidence can readily be lowered. PMID- 830319 TI - Nonmalignant venographic abnormalities of the inferior vena cava. AB - Displacement of the inferior vena cava, impressions made by adjacent structures, or intraluminal filling defects mat indicate retroperitoneal tumor growth. However, similar changes may be caused by nonmalignant normal or pathological conditions. The authors illustrate several such cases seen among 1,428 examinations performed during a three-year period. PMID- 830320 TI - Thermography, mammography, and clinical examination in breast cancer screening. Review of 16,000 studies. AB - Breast cancer screening detected 139 biopsy-proved malignancies in 16,000 slef selected women (8.7/1,000). In these, xeroradiography detected 78% (109), clinical examination 55% (76), and thermography 39% (54). In all 16,000 women, the thermogram was interpreted as positive in 17.9% (2,864). The greatest effectiveness of mammography vs. clinical examination was seen in detection of early breast cancers (small lesions with negative axillary lymph nodes). In this group, thermography was less effective than it was in patients with larger lesions and lymph node metastases. PMID- 830321 TI - Scrotal thermography. AB - An easily detectable, ipsilateral increase in scrotal infrared emission leading to a difference of at least 2.8 degrees C (5 degrees F) between abnormal and normal sides was recorded in 15 of 18 patients subsequently found to have an intrascrotal tumor, inflammation, or varicocele. It was impossible to distinguish between these disorders on the basis of thermographic findings. In four patients a significant increase in heat was found in the absence of positive physical findings. One had metastasizing seminoma, two had feminizing interstitial cell tumors, and one had varicocele that resulted in depressed spermatogenesis. Hycroceles tended to produce infrared emission equivalent to or less than that of the contralateral normal side. PMID- 830322 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of increased intracranial pressure without localizing signs. AB - A total of 29 alert patients with papilledema and no localizing neurological signs were evaluated by computed tomography. Lesions were demonstrated in 8 who exhibited ventricular enlargement or abnormal tissue density; 19 had normal ventricles which suggested pseudotumor cerebri and only 6 of these patients underwent subsequent pneumoencephalography. In alert patients with papilledema alone, CT can demonstrate ventricular abnormalities and abnormal densities, and assist in the diagnosis of benign intracranial hypertension without pneumoencephalography or angiography. PMID- 830323 TI - Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by computed tomography. AB - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which predominantly affects immunologically compromised hosts. The distinctive CT appearance in three documented cases includes low-density lesions of central and convolutional white matter with scalloped lateral borders. Lesions demonstrate no mass effect or contrast material enhancement. Findings are discussed with reference to other entities which may produce a similar CT appearance. PMID- 830324 TI - Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid production in the development of communicating hydrocephalus. AB - Diminished absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most common cause of communicating hydrocephalus. Soon after the absorptive capacity is decreased, the CSF pressure increases, producing ventricular enlargement if the process is not halted. CSF production was measured by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion during and after the production of communicating hydrocephalus, using an atraumatic animal model. Animals with chronic hydrocephalus and normal pressure had normal CSF production. CSF production tended to be lower in animals with increased pressure. When CSF absorption is compromised, decreased CSF production does not appear to be a significant compensatory mechanism. PMID- 830326 TI - Uncommon sphenoidal fractures and their sequelae. AB - Eight cases with fractures of the sphenoid bone are discussed. In four the sella turcica was involved. One showed bilateral fractures of the medial pterygoid plates resulting in an open-bite deformity. Another patient exhibited bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulae. This brings the total of documented, angiographically demonstrated, post-traumatic, bilateral, carotid-cavernous fistulae to seven. Fractures of the planum sphenoidale, the floor of the sphenoid sinus, and bilateral fractures of the lesser wings are also shown. The anatomy of the sphenoid bone and clinical sequelae are briefly discussed. PMID- 830325 TI - Effect of isotonic contrast agents on spinal reflexes in the cat. AB - The effects of isotonic solutions of three contrast agents, administered intrathecally, were studied in cats. A pronounced increase in the electrically evoked cortico-spinal responses and segmental spinal polysynaptic reflexes was recorded after administration of methylglucamine diatrizoate. Injection of methylglucamine iothalamate resulted in an increase of the amplitudes of these reflexes, while metrizamide did not show any consistent effect. The data suggest that water-soluble media have direct effects upon spinal gray matter. PMID- 830327 TI - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in multisystem malignant melanoma. AB - In a prospective study of the value of gallium-67 scintigraphy in cases of multisystem malignant melanoma, 69 scans were obtained for 36 patients. No abnormality was found in 18 scans; in only 3 was there other evidence of disease. Of 54 sites of disease demonstrated by scintigraphy, 40 were correlated with other investigations: biopsy (5), surgery (7), autopsy (7), radiographic (13), or clinical (8). Metastatic melanoma was found in 37 (69%) of the sites; no such disease was found in 3 (5.7%). The life expectancy of patients with an abnormal scan was shorter than that of patients with a normal scan. Gallium studies reliably indicated the extent of multisystem melanoma, and are of value in clinical management. PMID- 830328 TI - Positive 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scan in polymyositis. AB - 99mTc-pyrophosphate was seen to be localized in the soft tissue in a patient with biopsy-proved polymyositis. Possible mechanisms of localization of 99mTc phosphate complexes in bone and soft tissues are reviewed. PMID- 830330 TI - Septic arthritis: a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eighteen cases of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis and superimposed pyarthrosis were reviewed to determine the most distinguishing radiographic features. Soft tissue changes allowed earlier diagnosis in the knee and ankle joints and consisted of large asymmetrical joint effusion and fat-pad edema. Bony articular changes were more helpful than soft-tissue changes in the wrist and hip because of the paucity of adjacent extracapsular fat and were associated with delayed radiographic recognition of superimposed pyarthrosis. These changes are presumptive evidence of complicating septic arthritis and their presence necessitates needle aspiration and culture of the joint for proper definitive treatment. PMID- 830329 TI - Splenic scintigraphy: a large congenital fissure mimicking splenic hematoma. AB - This report describes a case of blunt abdominal trauma in which a deep congenital fissure in the superior border of the spleen led to the preoperative scintigraphic diagnosis of a splenic hematoma. The frequency of splenic notches of this magnitude is low but significant, hence anatomical variation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scintigraphic defects. PMID- 830331 TI - Radionuclide imaging of intestinal infarction. AB - An acute small bowel infarction in a 57-year-old male alcoholic produced a dense positive image on a gallium-67 citrate scan. Radionuclide imaging may be useful in the diagnosis of this condition, which has a high mortality rate and is not often diagnosed premortem. PMID- 830332 TI - Arteriovenous malformation simulating Meckel's diverticulum on 99mTc pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy. AB - 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy in a 67-year-old woman with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding showed an area of increased activity in the right lower quadrant which appeared at the same time the stomach was visualized. At first this was thought to be a Meckel's diverticulum; however, superior mesenteric angiography subsequently revealed a small arteriovenous malformation which proved to be the bleeding site on laparotomy. This false-positive finding emphasizes the importance of comparative evaluation of early and late images in scintigraphy for suspected Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 830333 TI - Diagnosis of intracardiac thrombus by 99mTc-MAA scintiscanning. AB - Because of its capacity to form a deposit on thrombus fibrin, 99mTc macroaggregated albumin can be used to detect intracardiac thrombus by routine imaging. The authors report a case of right ventricular thrombus diagnosed antemortem on a routine lung study in a patient with an intracardiac hyperalimentation catheter in place. PMID- 830334 TI - Scintigraphic detection of osteoid osteoma. AB - Bone scanning with 99mTc-diphosphonate disclosed a solitary focus of intense activity in a cervical vertebra of a 17-year-old youth with persistent unexplained neck pain. Surgery subsequently demonstrated a well-circumscribed osteoid osteoma. This experience is further evidence of the efficacy of radionuclide skeletal scintigraphy in the evaluation of benign bone disease. PMID- 830335 TI - Noninvasive determination of glomerular filtration rate using x-ray fluorescence. AB - Accurate glomerular filtration rates (GFR) can be calculated based on the infusion of small amounts of nonradioactive iothalamate and collection of plasma samples for assay by x-ray fluorescence. This innovation permits frequent clearance determinations in patients without the hazard of repeated radiation exposure and without the necessity of catheterization of the bladder for urine samples. Thus, the technique becomes feasible in children, transplant patients, and other needing accurate and frequent GFR determinations. PMID- 830336 TI - Radiography of hereditary presacral teratoma. AB - Radiographic findings and related information are described for a series of 26 patients from six unrelated families. The tumor complex consists of a presacral teratoma and a sacrococcygeal bony defect occurring in a familial pattern. Many of the patients also had an associated vesicoureteral reflux, skin dimples, retrorectal abscess, and anorectal stenosis. The main radiographic features were the presence of a unilateral or central developmental deformity of the sacrum and coccyx, and the absence of radiographically visible soft-tissue calcifications. PMID- 830337 TI - Pneumatosis of the bowel secondary to acute iron poisoning. Radiological quiz. AB - Gangrene developed in a long segment of the small bowel in an 18-month-old child with acute iron poisoning; this was manifested radiographically as localized pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. The authors emphasize the importance of abdominal radiography during the first stage of iron poisoning. PMID- 830338 TI - Glucagon-aided reduction of intussusception. AB - Intramuscular glucagon was used in 2 patients with ileocolic intussusception when standard therapeutic barium enema reduction failed. Reduction was accomplished following administration of glucagon and a repeat barium enema. Use of the two methods together may improve the success rate of nonoperative reduction of intussusception. PMID- 830339 TI - Ultrasonic features of mitral annulus calcification. A report of 21 cases. AB - Twenty-one cases of echocardiographically visible mitral annulus calcification have been reviewed. Seventeen of these were also visible on chest radiographs, the remainder were proved by fluoroscopy. Factors which may lead to diagnostic confusion are: (a) failure to identify the posterior mitral leaflet (7/21); (b) diminished anterior leaflet mobility (mean 15 mm); (c) accoustic shadowing of the left ventricular wall (18/21); (d) pseudosystolic anterior motion. Fifteen of the 21 patients had aortic stenosis. PMID- 830340 TI - Upper extremity lymphangiography in the radiation therapy of lymphomas and carcinoma of the breast. AB - Seventeen bilateral upper extremity lymphangiograms were obtained in patients with lymphoma referred for radiation therapy. The projection of the opacified axillary nodes is analyzed when using the mantle technique in various positions. The position of the lymph nodes varies considerably in the supine and prone positions. Placing pads underneath the shoulders in the prone position allows for better protection of the pulmonary parenchyma while still including the opacified lymph nodes. Because these nodes vary in position, it is recommended that if the axillary nodes are clinically involved or if hilar adenopathy is present, upper extremity lymphangiograms should be obtained to ensure inclusion of all the axillary lymph nodes. In treating carcinoma of the intact breast, care should be taken to include the lower axillary nodes in the tangenital breast field and to include 2 cm of lung in the posterior axillary boost. PMID- 830341 TI - Superficial radiotherapy of warts: results of treating 531 warts. AB - The fear of injurious effects has almost completely halted the use of radiotherapy in the cure of warts. Over a period of 24 years, the authors have treated 531 warts with both orthovoltage and superficial radiation equipment without any adverse effects. The selection of superficial or orthovoltage units was not dependent on the size of the lesion and was thought to be completely random. PMID- 830342 TI - Dose effect relationship for epilation and late effects on spinal cord in rats exposed to gamma rays. AB - The response of rat spinal cords (T7-T12) exposed to single and multifractionated gamma-ray exposures revealed no significant differences between the threshold doses for 2 fractions given with a 24-hr. interval and 2 fractions given with a 15-day interval. The latent period for spinal cord damage was about 190 days when the incidence of paralysis was high; it was less than this in animals with a lower probability of paralysis. There was a marked sparing effect from dose fractionation: the initial part of a Strandqvist type of isoeffect curve had a slope of 0.44 for doses causing paralysis in 50% of the animals, and 0.36 for "threshold" doses. The level of epilation was not useful for predicting spinal cord damage. PMID- 830343 TI - Quantitative estimation of 67Ga citrate in hypofunctioning thyroid nodules. AB - Quantitation of 67Ga citrate activity was performed in 11 subjects who underwent surgery for nonfunctioning, cold thyroid nodules. Radioactivity was measured in blood and in excised nodular and paranodular tissue at approximately 48 hours after the injection. Eight subjects were histologically benign, nonfunctioning nodules had no significant concentration of Ga. Their nodular/blood activity ratio was 1.6. In two patients with thyroid cancer, a higher activity was observed (mean 4.5/1). One patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis also revealed a high concentration of Ga (5.3/1). Findings suggest that 67Ga citrate has a lesser affinity for benign cold nodules than for malignant and inflammatory lesions. More clinical experience is necessary before the significance of these observations can be assessed. PMID- 830344 TI - Gray scale cholecystosonography. Diagnostic criteria and accuracy. AB - Cholecystosonography was performed on 81 patients with known gallbladder disease who subsequently underwent cholecystectomy. Cholecystitis and/or cholethiasis was found on pathological examination in all except one. Three ultrasonographic patterns of gallstones were found: (a) internal echoes, (b) focal contour irregularities of increased sonic density, and (c) sonic shadowing. When (a) or (b) were seen in association with (c), diagnostic confidence was increased. When the gallbladder was not identified by ultrasound, a small, shrunken gallbladder or one full of stones was found at surgery. It was not possible to distinguish between normal and diseased gallbladders on the basis of diameters. PMID- 830345 TI - An automatic x-ray exposure controller for mammography. AB - A solid state sensor and associated electronic apparatus has been developed which automatically measures and controls film exposures when used with low-energy diagnostic equipment. When the kilovoltage is held constant, exposure is determined by the quantity of photons which reach the film, after passing through the breast. When the sensor is placed under the film, consistently good exposure density has been obtained. The design and installation of the sensor and exposure controller is presented. PMID- 830346 TI - The caudad angle view: a helpful adjunct in excretory urography. AB - The caudad angle view is a useful ancillary projection for evaluating renal morphology during excretory urography. This view, easily obtained during routine urography, often adds important information about renal anatomy and patholgoy which is not apparent on conventional radiographs. PMID- 830347 TI - A simple isodose plotter using a rectilinear radioisotope scanner. AB - An inexpensive isodose plotter is described which uses major items already present in most radiology departments. A rectilinear scanner provides scanning motions and plotting table and two electrometers are used to measure the currents from silicon diodes used as reference adn probe detectors. A simple box of electronics, incorporating an integrated ratio circuit and 13 integrated circuit comparators, interfaces the electrometers to the scanner's printing mechanism. The device worked very satisfactorily and took between 30 and 60 minutes for each plot. PMID- 830348 TI - Use of a vaginal tampon in the diagnosis of vesicovaginal fistulae. AB - A technique for the demonstration of vesicovaginal fistula during excretory urography is described. The method consists of inserting a vaginal tampon prior to the administration of contrast material for excretory urography. PMID- 830349 TI - The application of the wedge aluminum filter in excretory urography. PMID- 830350 TI - Capsular visualization in lipohemarthrosis of the knee. AB - A new sign for the diagnosis of lipohemarthrosis on vertical beam lateral knee radiographs depends upon visualization of the joint capsule due to the presence of fat lying both within and outside of the joint. Recognition of lipohemarthrosis on routine knee radiographs may aid in the diagnosis of subtle tibial plateau fractures. PMID- 830351 TI - Treatment of hemoptysis by embolization of bronchial arteries. AB - One hundred and four patients presenting with either massive or repeated hemoptysis were treated by embolization of the bronchial arteries with a resorbable material (Spongel). The procedure was performed via selective catheterization of the abnormal arteries. Forty-nine patients were treated during and 55 after hemoptysis. Of the 49 patients treated during hemoptysis, immediate arrest of bleeding was affected in 41 but 6 of these patients suffered relapse two to seven months after the procedure. There was no recurrence of bleeding in the remaining 35 patients. PMID- 830352 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage in renal disease: Goodpasture's syndrome and other causes. AB - Pulmonary hemorrhage is generally due to neoplasm, tuberculosis, necrotizing pneumonia, or bronchiectasis. If these are not found, kidney diseases, including anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced bleeding (Goodpasture's syndrome), should be considered. Hemoptysis in renal disease is more often due to azotemic hypervolemia than immune reaction. Typically linear immunofluorescent patterns along the glomerular and pulmonary alveolar basement membranes must be demonstrated to confirm the diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 830353 TI - The incidence of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries in the adult population. AB - A review of 1,000 consecutive coronary angiograms, most of them performed for evaluation of angina pectoris, yielded 9 examples of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. In 2 cases the angina may have been due to malposition of the left coronary artery or one of its branches. There were 2 cases of aberrant origin of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery, 2 cases of aberrant left anterior descending artery, 3 cases in which all three major coronary branches arose from the right aortic sinus, and 2 cases of coronary artery fistulas. Malposition of the coronary artery should be considered as a possible cause of angina. PMID- 830354 TI - Follow-up of patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices treated with percutaneous obliteration of gastric coronary vein. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein was performed in 21 patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Coronary and short gastric veins were selectively catheterized and obliterated. The examination was performed to stop bleeding in 6 patients and was successful in 5. Follow-up examination showed recanalization of previously obliterated veins in 13 of 16 patients. PMID- 830355 TI - Measurement of biliary tract size and drainage time. Comparison of endoscopic and intravenous cholangiography. AB - Measurements of biliary tract size and drainage time were made in 23 patients following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and intravenous cholangiography (IVC). The extrahepatic biliary tree appeared approximately 3 mm larger on ERCP than on IVC. Serial measurements of the biliary tree comparing IVC with ERCP are subject to this difference. Comments regarding increasing dilatation of the biliary tree could be erroneous if these differences in technique are ignored. The biliary tract should be free of contrast medium 45 minutes after filling on ERCP; if not, an abnormality may be present at the sphincter of Oddi, even in the absence of other gross radiological biliary tract pathology. PMID- 830356 TI - Perfluoroctylbromide as a diagnostic contrast medium in gastroenterography. AB - The efficacy and safety of perfluoroctylbromide as a diagnostic contrast medium for gastroenterography was studied in laboratory animals. It was found that perfluoroctylbromide possesses excellent coating properties and a short transit time in the gastrointestinal tract. The conscious animals tolerated 64 ml/kg without any toxic manifestations. Thorough hematologic, serologic and histologic examinations showed no evidence of any adverse effects. Perfluoroctylbromide may be especially useful in patients with advanced inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract or in those with risk of aspiration of contrast medium into the lungs during gastroenterographic examinations. PMID- 830357 TI - Calcification in polycystic disease. AB - Two patients with polycystic disease demonstrated extensive calcification in the kidneys, liver, and spleen. Though flecks of calcium have been noted in the walls of such cysts, to the authors' knowledge, curvillinear, arcuate, and central amorphous calcifications have not been previously reported. Dystrophic calcifications may be diagnosed solely on the basis on polycystic disease with superimposed hemorrhage and infection. Polycystic disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal calcifications. PMID- 830358 TI - Ureteroceles vs. pseudoureteroceles in adults. Urographic diagnosis. AB - Simple ureteroceles discovered in adults on excretory urography have long been regarded as congenital anomalies, usually innocuous. Pseudoureteroceles are acquired dilatations of the submucosal portion of the distal ureter that mimic simple ureteroceles. The authors compared 5 pseudoureteroceles and 13 simple ureteroceles and found that the former were distinguished by asymmetry of the dilated ureteral lumen, moderate to severe obstruction of the upper tract, and evidence of an acquired cause such as a calculus or abnormal vesical mucosal pattern. The distinction is important, since most pseudoureteroceles were related to malignancy involving the bladder. PMID- 830359 TI - Comparison of a vasoconstrictor and a vasodilator in pharmacoangiography of bone and soft-tissue tumors. AB - The pharmacoangiographic effect of a vasoconstrictor (angiotensin) and a vasodilator (tolazoline) was compared in 18 patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors. Angiotensin was found to be the drug of choice in increasing diagnostic information on angiography. Ten to 15 mug of angiotensin seems to be a convenient dose in the axillary, iliac, and femoral arteries. PMID- 830360 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of sulfur compounds in industrial effluents. PMID- 830361 TI - Detection of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood and serum using a fluorescent derivative and thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 830362 TI - Determination of the D and L isomers of some protein amino acids present in soils. PMID- 830363 TI - Loss of carbon-14 and mercury-203 labeled methylmercury from various solutions. PMID- 830364 TI - Determination of fluorine in blood plasma. PMID- 830365 TI - Protein response of silver sulfide crystal membrane electrodes. PMID- 830366 TI - Field air sampling of pesticide vapors with polyurethane foam. PMID- 830367 TI - Determination of ammonia in biological solutions by second-derivative spectrometry. PMID- 830368 TI - Inhibition and potentiation of platelet function by lysolecithin. AB - The effects of lysolecithin (LPC) on aggregation, serotonin release, shape, and lysis of rabbit, pig, or human platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or Tyrode albumin solution were examined during prolonged incubation. LPC added to citrated or heparinized PRP from humans or rabbits at a final concentration above 100 muM caused instantaneous inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine (human PRP only), collagen, or thrombin. The inhibitory effect of LPC was found to be partially reversible over a period of 60 90 min. LPC at final concentrations above 30 muM also caused inhibition of ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced aggregation and collagen- and thrombin-induced release of serotonin in suspensions of rabbit, pig, or human platelets. With washed platelets, the inhibitory effect not only rapidly disappeared but was followed by transient potentiation of aggregation and serotonin release. This potentiating effect of LPC was most pronounced when thrombin was used as stimulus. Both inhibition and potentiation were observed at concentrations of LPC that did not cause a significant change in platelet shape or loss from platelets of lactic dehydrogenase. Inhibition and potentiation were also observed when platelets were added to suspending medium containing LPC, although considerably higher concentrations of LPC were required under these conditions. Potentiation was not observed when LPC was added to citrated or heparinized rabbit or human PRP or to washed rabbit platelets suspended in a medium containing 4% bovine serum albumin. It seemed likely that some or all of the observed effects of LPC on platelet function were due to structural modification of the platelet membrane insufficient to result in gross membrane damage or platelet lysis. In addition, the results of experiments using 14C-LPC seemed to indicate that the observed potentiating effect of LPC on platelet function may be related to its rapid uptake and metabolism by the platelets. PMID- 830369 TI - Increased membrane binding of erythrocyte catalase in hereditary spherocytosis and in metabolically stressed normal cells. AB - Normal red blood cell (RBC) membranes were compared with (1) RBC membranes from six patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), (2) normal membranes after hemolysis of the RBC in the presence of calcium, or (3) normal membranes after incubation of RBC for 24 hr in phosphate-buffered saline containing calcium without added glucose. When compared with normal controls, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (PAGE SDS) of all three preparations showed an increase in membrane binding of globin and protein band 4.5 (60,000 molecular weight). In an attempt to identify band 4.5, 14 enzymes were assayed in the RBC membranes. Of these, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased in membranes from HS RBC and from normal cells exposed to calcium. Only catalase, however, was present in sufficient quantity and had the correct subunit molecular weight on PAGE SDS and calcium-dependent membrane binding to account for an appreciable portion of 4.5. Caralase was further identified with a component of band 4.5 by double immunodiffusion using a specific anti-catalase antibody. PMID- 830370 TI - Applicability of an enzymatic quantitation of methylmalonic, propionic, and acetic acids in normal and megaloblastic states. AB - A rapid sensitive spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of methylmalonic and propionic acids in urine is described. The assay is based upon the quantitation of propionic acid using acetyl coenzyme A synthetase isolated from baker's yeast. This enzyme is highly specific for acetate and propionate, and acetate interference is eliminated by conversion to citrate. Methylmalonic acid was assayed by converting it to propionate by heat decarboxylation and then measuring the propionate increment over the endogenous amount in the noncarboxylated sample. Studies of urine obtained from normal subjects (by isolation, partial purification, and then assay by the isotope dilution technique) demonstrated urinary excretion of less than 1 mg of propionic acid and 1-5 mg of methylmalonic acid per day. In 22 consecutive patients with documented vitamin B12 deficiency, methylmalonic acid excretion in excess of 30 mg/24 hr was found. In four other patients, with only neurologic involvement methylmalonic aciduria aided in identifying B12 deficiency as an etiologic factor. Methylmalonic acid excretion was measured by direct assay of an aliquot of urine, requiring neither a valine load nor special extraction procedures. Propionic aciduria was variably increased in B12 deficiency and did not correlate either with the severity of the deficit or degree of methylmalonic aciduria. The assay was performed on urine, but it is potentially applicable to tissue extracts. In addition, this assay method can be utilized for the quantification of urine acetate levels as well. PMID- 830371 TI - Immunologic differences in human isoferritins: implications for immunologic quantitation of serum ferritin. AB - Immunologic differences in several tissue isoferritin populations have been investigated using antibodies developed in rabbits against human liver ferritin and in guinea pigs against HeLa cell ferritin. Our results indicate that the quantity of ferritin measured by radioimmunoassays is markedly affected by the isoferritin and subunit composition of the ferritin sample as well as by the nature of the antiferritin antibodies. Possible applications for the selective quantitation of different serum ferritin populations are discussed. PMID- 830372 TI - Effect of induced fever on serum iron and ferritin concentrations in man. AB - Previous reports have shown that endotoxin decreases serum iron in experimental animals. In this study fever was produced in nine female and nine male normal subjects in order to define the temporal and quantitative changes in serum iron and ferritin concentrations. Six volunteers were randomly given bacterial endotoxin (5 ng/kg) or saline intravenously and received the alternative compound a week later. Serial blood samples were drawn at 4-hr intervals for a 24-hr period, beginning when the compound was administered, for the determination of serum iron and ferritin concentrations. The same study was performed with intramuscular etiocholanolone (0.3 mg/kg) or the vehicle, propylene glycol, as a control, but the first blood sample was obtained 9 hr after the compound was given. In addition, blood samples were obtained at 12-hr intervals in six volunteers for 11 days after an intramuscular injection of etiocholanolone. The results showed a significant increase (p less than 0.005 for etiocholanolone, P less than 0.01 for endotoxin) in serum ferritin and a significant decrease (p less than 0.005 for etiocholanolone, p less than 0.001 for endotoxin) in serum iron for both pyrogenic compounds compared with the control compounds. However, the amount of fever and the changes in the iron parameters were greater with etiocholanolone. One episode of induced fever with etiocholanolone effected changes in serum ferritin and iron concentrations that lasted 10 days. Thus this study demonstrated that a single episode of fever in man produced rapid and prolonged changes in serum iron and ferritin concentrations. PMID- 830373 TI - Pure red cell aplasia as an autoimmune receptor disease. PMID- 830374 TI - Procurement of stem cells by continuous-flow centrifugation. PMID- 830376 TI - Thrombocytotic suppression of megakaryocyte production from stem cells. AB - Megakaryocytopoiesis in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice transplanted with marrow cells was suppressed by platelet transfusions. In one group of experiments, animals were irradiated and transfused with bone marrow cells on day O. They were then given either no treatment, platelets, platelet-poor plasma, or saline on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and then were sacrificed on day 10. Megakaryocytes per section in the spleens of mice receiving platelets were 24% 48% of the values in the groups given plasma, saline, or bone marrow only. The number of pure megakaryocyte colonies was also diminished by platelet hypertransfusion. Another experiment examined the effect of platelets or plasma administered on days 1 and 2 or days 6 and 7 after irradiation and bone marrow transfusion. Hypertransfusion on days 6 and 7 was as effective in suppressing megakaryocytopoiesis as hypertransfusion every other day for 10 days. Animals given platelets or plasma only on days 1 and 2 did not have any significant change in their megakaryocyte number. These results implied that committed megakaryocyte precursors were more sensitive to inhibition by increased platelet levels than pluripotential stem cells. Further experiments with plethoric animals indicated that different levels of erythropoietin did not account for the effects of platelet hypertransfusion. The findings could be explained by inhibition of cell proliferation or of differentiation of megakaryocyte precursors by increased platelet levels. PMID- 830375 TI - Acquired granulocyte abnormality during drug allergic reactions: possible role of complement activation. AB - A profound defect in granulocyte chemotaxis was documented in an otherwise healthy 21-yr-old man who failed to localize granulocytes to an area of cellulitis during an allergic reaction to cephalothin. During the period of drug allergy, characterized by urticaria, eosinophilia, and profound hypocomplementemia, in vitro migration of the patient's granulocytes in the Boyden chamber was markedly impaired. Although devoid of hemolytic complement activity, the patient's serum possessed supranormal chemotactic activity, even following heat inactivation, suggesting the presence of chemotactically active complement split products. Chemotactic function improved concomitantly with steroid therapy and normalization of serum complement levels, and was entirely normal following clinical recovery and cessation of steroid therapy. The chemotactic abnormality noted in the patient's cells was reproduced in normal granulocytes by preincubation either with patient serum or with cobra venom activated fresh (but not heated) normal serum, suggesting that in vivo exposure of granulocytes to activated complement was responsible for the patient's abnormal chemotactic response. This mechanism may contribute to the increased infection propensity noted in other conditions characterized by in vivo complement activation, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis. PMID- 830377 TI - Heterogeneity of human whole blood platelet subpopulations. I. Relationship between buoyant density, cell volume, and ultrastructure. AB - A quantitative high yield method utilizing isosmotic arabino-galactan (Stractan) solutions and isopycnic centrifugation was developed to isolate and to fractionate total human platelet populations into density-dependent subpopulations. Isolated platelets were free of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and other plasma proteins. They responded to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen with a sensitivity equal to platelet-rich plasma platelets. The correlation of platelet density with volume and ultrastructure was examined for normal subjects. Recovery of total platelet populations averaged 92.76%+/-3.64% (SD). Normal individuals exhibited a narrow range of platelet buoyant density distribution. Computerized probability plot analysis of platelet volume distribution for 15 normal subjects' total platelet populations showed a mean volume of 5.17+/-0.46 cu mum (SD). Platelets with buoyant density less than or equal to 1.062 g/ml had a mean volume of 4.50+/-0.48 cu mum, while platelets with buoyant density greater than 1.071 g/ml, but less than or equal to 1.084 g/ml, had a mean volume of 5.32+/-0.63 cu mum (SD). The volume difference by paired t test was significant, p less than 0.001. Thin-section electron microscopy demonstrated a significant reduction of granule content in light platelets, as compared to heavy platelets, but an equal number of mitochondria for both groups. These differences of platelet volume and structure between light and heavy platelets suggested that aging may be a determinant of platelet heterogeneity. PMID- 830378 TI - Electrophysiology and cytology of hippocampal formation transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye. II. Cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 830379 TI - Effects of spinal cord and other tissue extracts on resting and action potentials of organ-cultured mouse skeletal muscle. PMID- 830380 TI - Maturational changes of amino acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid of the rat. AB - The cisternal spinal fluid (CF), plasma, and brain stem concentrations of 6 amino acids were measured in suckling rats between birth and one months of age. Each of the amino acids studied had its distinctive maturational pattern of CF concentration. Presumably these amino acids have separate mechanisms of transport from CF, which mature at different times. PMID- 830381 TI - Potassium-stimulated gamma-aminobutyric acid release from neurons and glia. AB - Potassium-stimulated [3H]GABA release has been studied with fractions of glial cells, neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes using a superfusion technique. A monotonic increase in the [3H]GABA release was observed when external K+ concentration was raised from 5 to 15 mM. However, there was no further increase in the [3H]GABA release when K+ was raised above 15 mM. The KCl-stimulated release was saturable at the level of 60-100% stimulation. Potassium-stimulated [3H]GABA release from glial cells was unchanged in the absence of calcium while release from synaptosomes and neuronal perikarya demonstrated Ca2+-dependence. The potassium-stimulated [3H]GABA release was enhanced when superfusion was performed in the presence of 10(-5) M ouabain. PMID- 830382 TI - Afferent projections to the cat locus coeruleus as visualized by the horseradish peroxidase technique. PMID- 830383 TI - A catecholamine-mediated increase in cerebral oxygen uptake during immobilisation stress in rats. AB - Anxiety and grave apprehension have been supposed to increase cerebral metabolism, and it has earlier been suggested that intravenous infusion of adrenaline may increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMR02). In an experimental model on rats, it could be shown that immobilisation stress increased CBF and CMR02 after 5 min (about 150% of control values) and 30 min (about 190% of control values). By previous adrenalectomy or by administration of a beta-receptor blocker (propranolol, 1.4 mg/kg) the changes in CBF and CMR02 could be prevented. It is concluded that the excessive increase in CBF and CMR02 was mediated via release of catecholamines from the adrenal glands. PMID- 830384 TI - The localization of concanavalin A binding sites during photoreceptor synaptogenesis in the chick retina. PMID- 830386 TI - Electrophysiology and cytology of hippocampal formation transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye. I. Intrinsic organization. AB - Pieces of the immature hippocampal formation were transplanted to the anterior chamber of adult rat eyes. The transplants survived, became vascularized from the host irides, and proliferated extensively in proportion to the age of the donor fetus. These transplants mature and develop an adult organization in oculo. This maturation proceeds unimpaired in the absence of gyrus dentatus or after superior cervical ganglionectomy. PMID- 830385 TI - Effects of visual deprivation on polyribosome aggregation in visual cortex of the cat. AB - Neurons in the visual cortex of 48 normal and visually deprived kittens and cats were examined electron microscopically for the presence of absence of polyribosomes in their perikaryal cytoplasm. In normal animals at most ages the ribosomes of cortical neurons were aggregated into polysomes, but during the second and third months of life -- a period corresponding approximately to the physiologically defined critical period -- variable numbers of cells were found which contained ribosomes only in the monomeric form. The affected cells were spiny stellate neurons in the fourth layer of the cortex. Even within the critical period, however, cells with dispersed ribosomes were not found in every animal examined. PMID- 830387 TI - The effect of ethanol chronically administered to preweanling rats on cerebellar development: a morphological study. AB - The effects of ethanol on body, brain and cerebellar growth of the postnatal rat have been studied. Vapor inhalation, the procedure used to administer ethanol directly to preweanling (3-20-day-old) rats, produced maximal blood ethanol levels that averaged 239 mg/100 ml. Weight determinations indicated that brain but not body growth was significantly stunted by exposure to ethanol. Moreover, cerebellar growth, which occurred largely but not wholly during the period of ethanol treatment, was inhibited twice as much as the rest of the brain. Arrested brain and cerebellar growth appeared shortly after ethanol treatment was begun and persisted into adulthood following a postweaning rehabilitation period. Ethanol treatment diminished the growth of both the anterior and posterior lobes and of all layers of the cerebellar vermis. However, the effect of ethanol was larger in the anterior lobe than the posterior lobe, and the medullary layer was more retarded than the others. Some compensatory growth occurred in the molecular and granular layers of the experimental rats during a postweaning rehabilitation period. The effects of ethanol on 2 major neuronal populations of the cerebellar cortex -- the large, prenatally-formed Purkinje cells and the small, postnatally formed granule cells -- were assessed via light microscopy. After 2 days of ethanol treatment the number of Purkinje cells in all 10 vermal lobules was reduced; neither additional exposure to ethanol nor a postweaning rehabilitation period subsequently altered cell number. The possibility that the regional magnitude of the Purkinje cell loss was related to the chronology of lobular development was discussed; Purkinje cells in the latest maturing lobules being least affected. The morphological development of surviving Purkinje cells proceeded normally. An autoradiographic study indicated the pattern of granule cell neurogenesis in cerebella of ethanol-treated rats and of control rats did not differ, although the experimental animals had consistently fewer cells in all stages of development. The ultimate loss of 20-25% of their granule cells was accounted for by an early diminution of the stem cell population of the external germinal layer by about 10%. The results suggest the initial targets of ethanol were the immature Purkinje cells, which were reduced in number before the onset of granule cell formation. A complex age-dependent interaction between blood ethanol levels and vulnerable periods in Purkinje cell development was suggested. Mechanisms for the subsequent correlative reduction in the granule cell population were also discussed. PMID- 830388 TI - Serotonergic afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus: evdience from HRP and synaptosomal uptake studies. AB - Afferent connections of the serotonin (5-HT)-containing dorsal raphe nucleus were investigated in the rat utilizing the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde cell labeling technique. Small quantities (0.1-0.5 mul) of HRP solutions were infused into the dorsal raphe, and the brains were examined 19-72 h later for retrograde transport of the enzyme. Intrinsic connections within the dorsal raphe nucleus were revealed by this mapping technique, as was an input to the dorsal raphe from another serotonergic cell group, the median raphe nucleus. Little evidence was found for projections from other, more remote, brain sites. A serotonergic innervation of the dorsal raphe was also demonstrated by the presence of high affinity uptake of [3H]5-HT (Km=0.17 muM) into synaptosomal suspensions of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Synaptosomal uptake of [3H]5-HT was blocked by selective destruction of serotonergic axon terminals induced by the intraventricular injection of 200 mug of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine following desipramine HCl pretreatment, but not by destruction of catecholaminergic axon terminals induced by intraventricularly injected 6-hydroxydopamine (2 X 250 mug). The uptake of [3H]-5-HT by synaptosomes of the dorsal raphe was comparable to that of striatal and hypothalamic synaptosomes, and markedly greater than that of synaptosomes from the cerebellum or nearby dorsal central gray or midbrain reticular formation, indicating the presence of a relatively dense serotonergic innervation. These data together indicate that neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus receive a prominent serotonergic input that is derived, at least in part, from other neurons within the dorsal nucleus and from a neighboring raphe nucleus. PMID- 830389 TI - The trigeminal depressor response: a novel vasodepressor response originating from the trigeminal system. AB - Electrical stimulation within discrete sites of the spinal trigeminal complex in anesthetized or decerebrated rabbits results in arterial hypotension, often over 50 mm Hg, bradycardia of up to 60 beats/min, apnea, and gastric hypermotility, collectively termed the trigeminal depressor response (TDR). The threshold for the TDR is less than or equal to 10 muA and is graded up to 3-6 times threshold. It can only be elicited by trains of stimuli of low frequency (0.5-20 Hz); at 50 Hz the response disappears or becomes pressor. The bradycardia is only abolished by bilateral vagotomy combined with beta-adrenergic blockade, and thus results from combined excitation of cardio-vagal and inhibition of cardiac sympathetic nerves. The hypotension is unassociated with changes in cardiac output, does not change after blockade of the bradycardia, but disappears after alpha-adrenergic blockade and hence is entirely attributable to inhibition of ongoing sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. Below threshold stimulation the TDR can only be elicited from the root entry zone of the Vth nerve, from dorsal portions of the spinal tract of the Vth nerve, and to portions of the nucleus of the spinal tract, notably the nucleus caudalis. A TDR of reduced magnitude can also be elicited by low frequency stimulation of numerous branches of the Vth nerve arising from all three divisions and including the supra- and infra-orbital, the inferior alveolar, and lingual nerves. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii at the obex, with complete abolition of baroreceptor reflexes from carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves, fail to alter the TDR elicited from the brain or from branches of the Vth nerve, or the vasodepressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the central ends of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves transescted distal to the branches of baro-receptor nerves. In contrast, caudal lesions of the trigeminal complex abolish the TDR elicited from brain and Vth nerve and substantially reduces the vasodepressor responses from the IXth and Xth nerves, without altering baroreceptor reflexes. We conclude that the TDR represents a heretofore recognized vasodepressor response dependent upon the spinal trigeminal complex which is at least in part anatomically distinct from pathways subserving arterial baroreceptor and somatic vasodepressor reflexes. The TDR can be reflexly elicited from widely distributed but yet unidentified receptors innervated by branches of the Vth and of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves other than those innervating arterial baroreceptors. It is of unknown function, but may be related to pain mechanisms. PMID- 830390 TI - A three-group classification of rat retinal ganglion cells: histological and physiological studies. AB - In a whole mount preparation of the hooded rat retina, stained with methylene blue, the ganglion cell density was counted over the retina. The density ranged from 6200-6500/sq.mm to 1000-1500/sq.mm. The area with a density higher than 6000/sq.mm was called the central area and was centered at about 1 mm (20 degrees) away from the center of the optic disc, in the upper temporal quadrant. Based upon soma diameter histograms made for several locations with different eccentricities, ganglion cells were classified into three groups; large (L), medium-sized (M) and small (S). Relative frequencies of the three groups, on average, were 5, 28 and 67%, respectively. The absolute densities of S- and M cells increase sharply towards the central area whereas the L-cells show a relatively flat distribution over the retina. The three-group classification of the retinal ganglion cells was supported by measuring their axonal conduction velocities. Single unit recordings were made from the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus. In each case, two sites were chosen in the optic pathway for electrical stimulation: the optic chiasm and the superior coliculus in the retinal study, and the distal end of the optic nerve and the optic chiasm in the geniculate study. From differences of response latency to the two stimulating sites, conduction velocities of the optic nerve fibers were estimated. The average velocities for the L-, M- and S-axons determined by retinal recordings were 16.8, 11.4 and 6.3 m/sec and those determined by geniculate recordings 18.6, 12.0 and 5.2 m/sec. PMID- 830391 TI - Nuclear binding of the oestrogen receptor of neonatal rat brain after injection of oestrogens and androgens; localization and sex differences. AB - We have investigated the nuclear binding of [3H]oestradiol in the neonatal rat brain. The nuclear bound receptor, defined as the diethylstilboestrol (DES) suppressed nuclear bound radioactivity, showed similar sedimentation properties and time course to nuclear bound steroid receptors in other target tissues. After intracerebral injection we found that nuclear binding of [3H]oestradiol was localized to the hypothalamic/ amygdaloid region with relatively little binding in cortical and cerebellar regions. After subcutaneous injection there was less difference between the hypothalamic and cortical regions, though there was still very low binding in the cerebellum. A deficit in nuclear binding of [3H]oestradiol was found in the hypothalamic amygdaloid region of the male compared to the female, which was dependent on the presence of the neonatal testis. We also found that unlabelled testosterone reduced the nuclear binding of [3H]oestradiol when given 3 h before the radioactive steroid, and this reduction was seen predominantly in the hypothalamic/amygdaloid region. The non aromatizable androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, was without effect on [3H]oestradiol binding. After injection of [3H]testosterone, receptor bound radioactivity was found exclusively in nuclei from the hypothalamic/amygdaloid region, this radioactivity was competed out by DES and testosterone but not by dihydrotestosterone. This study provides evidence that neurally aromatized androgen may bind to an oestrogen receptor in the neonatal hypothalamic/amygdaloid region and effect its translocation into the cell nucleus. PMID- 830392 TI - Cholinergic neurochemical development of normal and deafferented antennal lobes during metamorphosis of the moth, Manduca sexta. AB - Sensory neurons with somata in the antennae of the moth, Manduca sexta, make synapses in the antennal lobes of the brain. These lobes develop during metamorphosis of the pupa to the adult while the antennae themselves develop and send presumably cholinergic sensory fibers into the lobes. Levels of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase rise dramatically in the lobes as sensory axons grow from the antennae to the lobes through the antennal nerves. An [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin-binding activity, which may represent ACh-receptors, develops in the lobes with a time course different from that of the other cholinergic components, rising gradually throughout metamorphosis. This activity is specific to nervous tissue and is blocked by cholinergic agents (carbamylcholine, atropine, curare, and nicotine). Levels of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase, but not of toxin-binding activity, are greatly reduced in lobes deafferented by amputation of developing antennae. PMID- 830393 TI - Protein pattern alterations in hippocampal and cortical cells as a function of training in rats. AB - The study reports changes in the protein pattern and incorporation of L-[U-14C] leucine in brain cells of the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex of rats. The following subcellular fractions were analyzed by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis: plasma membranes, synaptosomal membranes and synaptic mitochondria. Recurring reversal training gave an increased synthesis of synaptosomal membrane proteins with mol. wt. 35,000-45,000 and 60,000 and 100,000 in trained animals compared to active controls. Lesser changes were observed in plasma membrane and synaptic mitochondria fractions. Of the brain areas studied, the hippocampal synaptosomal fraction showed an initial, temporary response, and the cortical cell fractions responded subsequently. Judged from the time sequence of the protein response, it seems that recurrent reversal training induces a change in synaptic protein towards higher molecular weights, suggesting that these changes reflect a modification of the distribution of synaptic protein. PMID- 830394 TI - Differential behavioral changes following intrastriatal application of 6 hydroxydopamine. PMID- 830395 TI - Evidence for the existence of substance P-containing fibres in striato-nigral and pallido-nigral pathways in rat brain. PMID- 830396 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for a facio-facial reflex in the facial muscles in man. PMID- 830397 TI - Time course separation of two inward currents in molluscan neurons. PMID- 830398 TI - Induction of acute necrosis in Walker 256 tumors in rats. AB - The destructive effect on cells of locally injected hypertonic solutions, resorption of which is delayed by some vasoactive agents, was observed in the skin and subcutis of the rat by Selye and his coworkers who described it as acute conditioned necrosis. The same phenomenon was demonstrated in Walker 256 tumors implanted in the thighs of female Sprague-Dawley rats. A strongly hypertonic solution of glucose was injected once in and around the tumor (when it had reached a mean diameter of 1.5 cm), and 5-hydroxytryptamine was given s.c. at a distance. This resulted in disappearance of the growth in an average of 10 days and absence of metastases 2 months after treatment in 84% of animals as opposed to a spontnaeous regression of the tumor in 4% of control rats. PMID- 830399 TI - Estrogen receptor and endocrine responsiveness in Japanese versus American breast cancer patients. AB - We have compared the incidence of estrogen receptor (ER) in breast tumors and its clinical correlation with responses to endocrine therapies in Japanese and American patients. There was no correlation between tumor histopathology and the presence of ER, and the ER values in primary and metastatic lesions from the same patients were similar in most Papanese cases. Japanese patients with low and high plasma estradiol levels had identical incidences of ER-positive tumors. The correlation between tumor ER and response to endocrine therapy is similar between Japanese and American patients. The incidence of ER-positive tumors is higher in postmenopausal American patients in both primary and metastatic lesions. It is possible that the reported increase in tumor lymphocyte infiltration in Japanese patients may explain this difference. The reported 5-year survival advantage of Japanese breast cancer patients cannot be explained by differences between the two populations in the response to endocrine therapy for advanced disease. PMID- 830401 TI - Analysis of gene expression in regenerating rat liver by hybridization of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA with DNA. AB - To determine whether massive gene activation occurs in rat liver following partial hepatectomy, DNA-RNA hybridization-saturation and RNA depletion experiments were performed. RNA was extracted from whole cells, nuclei, post mitochondrial extracts, and polysomes obtained from livers of normal, sham operated, and partially hepatectomized rats. The purified RNA was labeled with [3H]dimethyl sulfate in vitro and hybridized with nuclera DNA under conditions in which only repetitive sequence transcripts form hybrids with DNA. For comparative purposes, experiments were also performed with nuclear RNA labeled with [32P3phosphoric acid in vivo. The following observations were made: (a) for whole cell RNA the saturation levels obtained in the hybrization reaction are the same regardless of the source of RNA USED (NORMAL, SHAM-OPERATED, OR PARTIALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS); (B) NO DIFFERENCES IN THE SATURATION LEVELS WERE FOUND WHEN LIVER NUCLEAR RNA from these three groups of animals were used; (c) the concentration of nuclear RNA from 6-hr regenerating liver necessary to saturate the DNA is slightly higher than that of nuclear RNA obtained from normal rat liver; (d) cytoplasmic RNA from 6-hr regenerating liver saturates the DNA at a much lower concentration than that required for RNA from normal or sham-operated rats. Our results suggest that for repetitive sequence transcripts, massive "derepression" of the genome does not occur at the early stages of liver regeneration. The alterations detected reflect primarily changes in RNA concentrations rather than qualitative alterations in gene expression. Increased transport of repetitive sequence transcripts from nucleus to cytoplasm appears to take place in regenerating liver. PMID- 830400 TI - Mammary carcinogenesis in the rat by topical application of fluorenylhydroxamic acids and their acetates. AB - This work confirms the previous observation that a single application of N hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide or N-hydroxy-3-fluorenylacetamide to the mammary gland of the rat induced a high incidence of tumors, whereas the corresponding arylamides, N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) and N-3-fluorenylacetamide, were only weakly active. The results suggested N-hydroxylation of the arylamides as a prerequisite for mammary carcinogenesis. Since N-hydroxylation of 2-FAA by hepatic microsomes is catalyzed by the mixed-function oxidase containing cytochrome P-450 or the 2-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochrome P1-450, we examined whether these cytochromes are present in mammary microsomes. In contrast to liver, neither cytochrome nor N-hydroxylation of 2-FAA was detected in the mammary gland of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. These experiments indicated that the N-hydroxylation of 2-FAA, although obligatory for induction of mammary neoplasia, is not performed in the mammary gland but may take place in the liver. We also examined the carcinogenicity of N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide and N-acetoxy-3-fluorenylacetamide for the mammary gland upon topical application. Since both acetates were carcinogenic and since the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is transferred to fluorenylhydroxamic acids at pH 7.4, these esters may be ultimate carciogens in mammary carcinogenesis. Ovariectomized rats did not develop mammary tumors after a single application of the fluorenylhydroxamic acids, and administration of estradiol and fluorenylhydroxamic acids to the ovariectomized rats did not improve the tumor yield. These results indicate that induction of mammary tumors by fluorenylhydroxamic acids is under hormonal control. PMID- 830403 TI - The effect of hyperthermia and melphalan on survival of human fibroblast strains and melanoma cell lines. AB - The survival of four human fibroblast strains and seven malignant melanoma cell lines was determined by the colony formation method following 4-hr treatment with various concentrations of melphalan, with or without simultaneous exposure to hyperthermia (42 degrees). The two amelanotic melanoma lines (MM127 and MM253) were 10 times more sensitive to melphalan at 36 degrees than were the four fibroblast strains, the five pigmented melanoma lines being of intermediate sensitivity. Sensitivity to melphalan was usually accompanied by sensitivity to heat, while combined treatment was not only synergistic in most lines but increased the differential between fibroblasts and melanoma cells. Survival studies carried out at 36 degrees, 40 degrees, 42 degrees, and 44 degrees, using human fetal lung fibroblasts and MM253 cells, showed that 42 degrees gave the greatest differential effect and allowed reasonable survival of the normal cells. Time-survival comparison of the same two lines demonstrated that there was no advantage in prolonging hyperthermia unless melphalan was used. A more convenient method for determination of survival was developed based on thymidine uptake of colonies grown in Linbro wells. PMID- 830402 TI - Genetics of colon carcinogenesis in mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Genetic analysis of colon tumor induction by symmetrical 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was undertaken in F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross hybrids derived from a cross between two inbred mouse strains, the 100% susceptible ICR/Ha and completely resistant C57BL/Ha. Mice, 12 to 14 weeks old, received 22 successive weekly s.c. injections of 0.35% aqueous solution of DMH buffered to pH 6.5. A dose of 15 mg/kg/mouse/week produced invasive colon adenocarcinomas in all ICR/Ha males and females (60 of 60) within 22 weeks. None of the 90 C57BL/Ha mice developed DMH tumors during 44 weeks of observation. Susceptibility to the carcinogen was dominant, as indicated by 100% colon tumor incidence in reciprocal ICR/Ha X C57BL/HaF1 hybrids (68 of 68) and in the susceptible backcross ICR/Ha X F1 (42 of 42). Tumor yield in F2 hybrids (94 of 120) was 78%, which is in close agreement with the 3:1 ratio expected if a single dominant DMH susceptibility gene is inherited via the F1 from the ICR/Ha grandparent. Likewise, tumor yield in resistant backcross mice of genotype C57BL/Ha X F1 (46 of 117) is not out of line with the anticipated 1:1 ratio in the latter type of test hybrids. Tests with five isozyme markers and two coat color genes have tentatively ruled out linkage of DMH susceptibility on seven autosomes. The 47% tumor incidence among 57 male resistant backcross hybrids, regardless of whether their single X chromosome was inherited from the ICR/Ha or C57BL/Ha strain, provides evidence against sex linkage. PMID- 830404 TI - Effect of phorbol myristate acetate on the recovery of spontaneous and ultraviolet light-induced 6-thioguanine and ouabain-resistant Chinese hamster cells. AB - 12-0-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol were tested in Chinese hamster cells for their effects on mutagenesis (resistance to 6-thioguanine and to ouabain), DNA repair, and survival after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Recovery of 6-thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant colonies was significantly increased by TPA treatment and, to a lesser extent, by phorbol in UV-irradiated cells. Moreover, maximum enhancement of recoverable UV-induced 6-thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant mutants occurred when TPA was present after the mutation "expression" time and after the completion of DNA repair. This eenhancement effect, while persisting up to 18 days in the 6-thioguanine mutation system, was maximal when TPA was applied about 2 days after UV irradiation for the ouabain resistance mutation system. No significant decrease in cell survival was noted after post-UV treatment with TPA or phorbol, under conditions where there was a slight but nonspecific inhibition of unscheduled DNA repair synthesis. These results do not support the hypothesis that the tumor-promoting activity of TPA is due to its ability to inhibit "error-free" excision repair. The results are, however, consistent with a "two-stage" hypothesis of carcinogenesis which includes mutational and epigenetic mechanisms to explain the initiation and promotion phases. PMID- 830405 TI - The effect of adriamycin on cell cycle progression and DNA replication in chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Administration of[3H]aflatoxin B2 (2,3-dihydroaflatoxin B1)(AFB2) to male rats resulted in levels of hepatic DNA- and ribosomal (r)RNA-aflatoxin adducts that were about 1% of those for rats given [3H]aflatoxin B1(AFB1). The levels of hepatic protein-aflatoxin adducts were 35 to70% as great for AFB2-treated as compared to AFB1-treated rats... PMID- 830406 TI - Retinoic acid-binding protein in normal tissues and experimental tumors. AB - The tissue distribution of retinoic acid-binding protein (RABP) has been determined for tissues of chick embryos and young and adult rats and mice and has been compared with other published data. Although no species variability has been detected with tissue distribution of RABP, relatively more of the protein is detected in the tissues of young animals than in those of adult ones. This protein is below the limits of detection in the adult rat or mouse brains, whereas it was present in abundance in the embryonic and young brains. RABP is present in the epithelial cells but not in the connective tissue of skin. Besides brain, skin, testis, and eye, RABP is also detected in small quantities in the bladder prostate, uterus, trachea, and mammary glands of rats and mice. Although RABP could not be detected in normal lungs, this protein is found to be present in Lewis lung tumors and in lungs with metastatic Lewis lung foci. Of four chemically induced transplantable colon tumors of mice, two highly metastatic ones contained RABP, whereas the two nonmetastatic lines as well as normal colon did not. PMID- 830408 TI - Influence of adriamycin and adriamycin-radiation combination on jejunal proliferation in the mouse. AB - The influence of adriamycin and adriamycin-radiation combinations on posttreatment proliferative activity of the mouse jejunum was examined by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. Single doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg produced a transient reduction in the proliferative activity, while 1 mg/kg had little effect. After 10 mg/kg, there was a rapid decrease in the number of mitotic figures, followed by a gradual decrease in the number of and rate of DNA synthesis in S-phase cells. A compensatory epithelial hyperplasia characterized by an enlarged crypt proliferative population and shortened mitotic cycle duration was observed beginning 48 hr after treatment. Multiple doses of adriamycin totalling 10 mg/kg inhibited cell production to a greater extent than the equivalent single dose. In combination with 1000 R, adriamycin (5 mg/kg) given from 96 hr before to 72 hr after irradiation reduced the amount of postirradiation proliferation. PMID- 830407 TI - Polyamines as markers of response and disease activity in cancer chemotherapy. AB - One hundred twenty-four patients with hematological and solid neoplasms had pretreatment urinary polyamine determinations. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were all significantly increased as compared to normals (p less than 0.001). Polyamine levels were directly related to disease activity and tumor burden. In patients with multiple myeloma, putrescine levels were significantly correlated with clinical disease activity as well as the in vitro labeling index of marrow plasma cells. Spermidine values reflected tumor cell burden. Serial studies in 56 patients indicated that greater than twofold rise in urinary spermidine during treatment was highly correlated with cell kill and subsequent clinical response (p less than 0.001). Serum polyamine levels in 17 patients were found to be comparable to urinary values. Our data indicate that polyamine determinations can potentially be clinically useful, i.e., baseline values as indicators of tumor cell mass and growth fraction, and increases in spermidine during treatment as an excellent marker of tumor cell kill. PMID- 830409 TI - Inhibition of DNA methylation by S-adenosylethionine with the production of methyl-deficient DNA in regenerating rat liver. AB - Ethionine, a liver carcinogen, was administered p.o. (300 mg/kg) to rats 17 hr after partial hepatectomy. At 6 hr after administration of the ethionine, hepatic S-adenosylethionine levels were 30- to 40-fold greater than the hepatic level of S-adenosylmethionine. A 10-fold ratio of S-adenosylethionine to S adenosylmethionine still persited at 24 hr after ethionine administration. When given at 17 hr after partial hepatectomy, ethionine produced a 30% inhibition of DNA synthesis, measured by the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine at 23 to 24 hr after partial hepatectomy (6 to 7 hr after ethionine administration). DNA synthesized during this interval was methyl deficient as judged by the reduced incorporation of radioactivity from L-[methyl-3H]methionine into 5-methylcytosine residues of DNA. In an assay for DNA methylation in vitro using whole nuclei, the methyl-deficient DNA was methylated by S-adenosylmethionine 8 times more than was control DNA; the DNA methylation was competitively inhibited by S adenosylethionine. These data suggest that S-adenosylethionine, formed in vivo from ethionine, competitively inhibits the methylation of DNA in vivo by S adenosylmethionine, resulting in the production of methyl-deficient DNA. PMID- 830410 TI - Cytokinetic definition of acute and chronic breast cancer. AB - The purpose of this paper is to report the extant observations at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital-Cancer Research Center and in the literature on the gross rates of growth of human mammary cancer as measured for primary cancers in the breast by mammography and for metastatic cancer in the skin and lymph nodes by direct measurements. From these measurements, the gross or net rates of growth for the cancers have been calculated and reported as actual doubling times. Cytokinetic variables contribute to the observed growth, and the data are used to estimate the potential acuteness or chronicity of breast cancer. PMID- 830411 TI - Polyamine-stimulated growth of cultured rat urinary bladder epithelial cells. AB - A technique for isolating and establishing long-term cultures of rat urinary bladder epithelium has been devised. Cells isolated and cultured by this method have been grown for 12 weeks without subculturing. Rat bladder epithelial cells require the addition of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine to attain maximum growth and long-term survival. Monolayer cultures have been subcultured and carried through five passages. PMID- 830412 TI - Specific binding of estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in human mammary cancers. AB - Estrogen and dihydrotestosterone receptors were detected by agar gel electrophoresis in 224 human mammary tumor biopsies. Approximately half of the tumor specimens revealed measurable amounts of estradiol receptors, whereas only 20% contained dihydrotestosterone receptors. The average concentration of spare estrogetmenopausal than in the premenopausal group, but this was not found to be the case for androgen receptors. The findings presented are discussed with regard to the clinical relevance of multiple assays for various types of receptors in a single tumor. PMID- 830413 TI - Surface changes in the descending colon of rats treated with dimethylhydrazine. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given weekly s.c. injections of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (21 mg/kg) for period of up to 20 weeks. The descending colon of treated animals killed at 2 weekly intervals was examined for morphological change, over a 30-week period, after commencement of treatment using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and freeze-fracture techniques. Scanning electron microscopy showed that 1,2 dimethylhydrazine treatment resulted in the progressive replacement of the normal arrangement of epithelial cells covering the luminal surface of intestinal glands with enlarged and irregularly shaped arrangements of epithelial cells, so that the entire mucosa was atypical and disorganized at 30 weeks after commencement of treatment. The changes were not readily observable using other methods of microscopy. Multiple tumors that were apparently unrelated to sites of specific morphological change erupted into the intestinal lumen through the atypical epithelium. Tumor surface cells and normal absorptive cells were compared using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. The results showed that tumor cells were usually smaller, more rounded, showed less regularly shaped microvilli, and had fewer particles in the apical surface membrane than on normal absorptive cells. PMID- 830414 TI - Blood coagulation changes in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, a metastasizing tumor. AB - In view of the possible role of platelets and coagulation mechanisms in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, a number of hematological parameters were followed during development of an experimental syngeneic tumor in mice, Lewis lung carcinoma. This tumor, when transplanted i.m. in C57BL/6 mice, grows locally and spontaneously metastasizes to the lungs. The transplanted animals survive for about 4 weeks. Metastases are visible from the third week. A slight but constant increase in plasma fibrinogen level and marked thrombocytopenia were first observed during the second week after tumor implantation. No other significant changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were detected. Moreover, the animals developed marked hemolytic anemia, possibly microangiopathic in origin. 125I-labelled fibrinogen survival was decreased by about 20% during the second week after tumor implantation and was not further reduced later. Fibrinogen turnover was progressively accelerated, being more than doubled by the end of the third week. Labeled fibrinogen accumulated in the primary tumor and in the lungs (its rate of disappearance from the tumor was much slower than that from lungs or blood). 51Cr-labeled platelet survival did not change throughout the observation period, whereas platelet turnover was markedly reduced from the end of the second week, suggesting defective platelet production. 51Cr-labeled RBC survival was drastically reduced to about 30% of the controls starting from the second week. The occurence of low-grade, localized intravascular coagulation could be suggested on the basis of these data. Moreover, when Lewis lung carcinoma cells were abruptly injected i.v. through the tall vein, more impressive signs of intravascular coagulation could be seen. Indeed, there was a rapid decrease in the number of platelets, a reduction in fibrinogen, and an increase in fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. The effects of i.v. injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells indicate a relevant interference of cancer cells with the hematostatic system. In contrast, the tenuous evidence fo coagulation disorders in animals receiving injections of tumor cells i.m. seems to indicate a limited effect on hemostasis of the same cells during i.m. tumor growth. PMID- 830415 TI - The influence of folate antagonists on the metabolism of folic acid and its reduced derivatives in rat liver and kidney. AB - Uptake and conversion of [3H]folic acid to polyglutamate derivatives by rat liver and kidney were inhibited by methotrexate or aminopterin (15 mg/kg body weight) and DL-tetrahydromethotrexate (30 mg/kg body weight). In contrast, these antagonists did not influence the conversion of L-5-formyl-[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid or L-5-methyl[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid to polyglutamine derivatives and had little effect on the uptake of reduced folate derivatives. When [3H]methotrexate, [3H]aminopterin, and DL-[3H]tetrahydromethotrexate were administered in small amounts (15 mug/kg body wieght), no metabolites of these compounds were observed. However, at higher doses of [3H]methotrexate (300 mug/kg body weight), more than 30% of the radioactivity remaining in the tissue 24 hr after administration could be attributed to a metabolite of methotrexate. This metabolite was tentatively identified as methotrexate diglutamate. PMID- 830417 TI - Enhancement of mammary tumor formation in mice by a cytostatic drug, melphalan. AB - Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard), a cytostatic drug used in treatment of human breast cancer, was injected into mice bearing preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodule mammary outgrowth line D2. Melphalan, doses of either 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg, markedly enhanced tumor formation in its mammary nodule outgrowth line. Samples of nodule outgrowths in untreated mice produced 13% tumors by 9 months after transplantation, whereas nodule outgrowths in melphalan-treated mice produced 57 and 85% mammary tumors in the lower and higher dose groups, respectively. PMID- 830416 TI - Murine pulmonary adenoma bioassay of potentially effective agents against slow growing solid tumors. AB - An in vitro-in vivo system for screening potentially effective drugs against solid tumors is described. Drug toxicity to plateau-phase pulmonary adenoma cells is used as an in vitro screen for potential activity against solid tumors, since both plateau phase cultured cell populations and solid tumors are composed predominantly of nondividing cells. The effect of drugs with in vitro activity on the rate of appearance of urethan-induced adenomas on the lung surface of strain A mice in vivo is used to assess drug efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors, taking into consideration drug toxicity to and drug metabolism by the host. Arabinosylcytosine and hydroxyurea were ineffective against plateau phase cells in vitro, even at high concentrations (5 to 10 mg/ml), and did not affect pulmonary adenoma growth in vivo, even at toxic doses (arabinosylcytosine, 80 mg/kg; hydroxyurea, 800 mg/kg), as would be expected with these cell cycle-active drugs. Adriamycin, an effective agent against human solid tumors, was cytotoxic to plateau phase cultured cells (0% survivors at 1 mug/ml), and a dose of 2 mg/kg completely inhibited pulmonary adenoma growth in mice. Thus, this pulmonary adenoma bioassay would appear to effectively select for drugs which may be active against solid tumors in humans. PMID- 830418 TI - Differences in the acute response of the various segments ofrat intestine to treatment with the intestinal carcinogen, methylazoxymethanol acetate. AB - Previous work has shown that single injections of methylazoxymethanol acetate in rats induce tumors predominantly in the colon, occasionally in the duodenum, and rarely in the jejunum and ileum. These studies describe the acute pathological and biochemical, alterations induced by this carcinogen in the different segments of rat small intestine and colon. Karyorrhexis was found in crypts of duodenum, cecum, and all segments of colon at 6 hr after treatment. Much of the cellular debris was removed by 24 hr, although mitoses did not return to normal levels until the third day after treatment. No pathological alterations were found in jejunum or ileum, even as late as 24 hr after treatment. Studies of DNA synthesis at 24 hr after treatment indicated that jejunum and ileum were much less affected than were duodenum, cecum, or colon. In contrast, 5-fluorouracil and nitrogen mustard, agents that can inhibit proliferating cells but are not known to be intestinal carcinogens, affected all of the segments equally. The results indicate that a correlation exists between those segments of intestine acutely affected by methylazoxymethanol acetate and the sites of eventual tumor development. The level of deacetylase activity in the various intestinal segments did not correlate with sensitivity to methylazoxymethanol acetate-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis. We also found that methylazoxy-methanol acetate inhibited DNA synthesis in the duodenum and colon in rats with cannulated bile ducts. These data indicate that the carcinogen does not require biliary transport to the intestinal lumen to exert its biological effects. Mechanisms that might account for the observed selectivity in action of methylazoxymethanol acetate in the various rat intestinal segments are discussed. PMID- 830419 TI - Differences in the responsiveness of splenic, lymph node, and peripheral blood lymphoid cells to tumor membrane extracts. AB - The blastogenic response of normal spleen, lymph node, and peripheral blood lymphoid cells to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) derived from two syngeneic C57BL/6J tumors was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Peripheral blood cells were responsive to TAA from B16 melanoma and from BW10232 mammary carcinoma at both a high (10(-1) to 10(-3) mg/ml) and a low (10(-5) to 10(-6) mg/ml) concentration of antigen. While peripheral blood cells always responded to TAA, spleen cells and lymph node cells did not. When spleen and lymph node cells did respond, they sometimes responded at different concentrations of TAA than did the peripheral blood cells. Spleen cells generally responded to "low" concentrations of TAA, while lymph node cells responded to "high" concentrati-ns of TAA. These data suggest two subpopulations of lymphoid cells capable of response to TA.. Spleen cells from mice bearing the BW10232 mammary carcinoma became responsive to BW10232 TAA at low concentrations of antigen. Lymph node cells became responsive at high concentrations of BW10232 antigen. The response of both subpopulations to BW10232 TAA was amplified in peripheral blood cells. Spleen cells were 30 times more responsive in the tumor bearer than in normal animals, while lymph node cells were only 3 times more responsive. It is shown that lymphoid cells taken from different areas or "lymphoid compartments" do not always show similar responses and should not be considered equivalent in evaluating immune responses to tumor cells. PMID- 830420 TI - Schedule-dependent antitumor effects of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. AB - The antitumor effects of methotrexate with 5-fluorouracil against the Sarcoma 180 mouse tumor model were found to be schedule dependent. Pretreatment of tumor bearing animals with methotrexate significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of the combination relative to simultaneous treatment or to those with methotrexate following 5-fluorouracil. These studies indirectly support the hypothesis that methotrexate pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil is synergistic by increasing the amount of thymidylate synthetase bound to the active metabolite of 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 830422 TI - Long-term effects of neonatal treatment with progesterone, alone and in combination with estrogen, on the mammary gland and reproductive tract of female BALB/cfC3H mice. AB - Neonatal female mice of the BALB/cfC3H strain were given 5 daily injections of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone alone and in combination, beginning within 36 hr after birth. Half of the mice in each group were ovariectomized at 40 days of age, and all were killed at tumor age of at 12 months of age. Mice receiving progesteron (100 mug daily) alone showed ovary-dependent persistent vaginal cornification. When neonatal progesterone and estradiol were given concurrently, the occurrence of persistent vaginal cornification was significantly lower than in mice receiving neonatal estradiol treatment alone. Progesterone alone produced hyperplastic downgrowths and lesions of both vaginal and cervical epithelia, but to a lesser degree than occurred in mice treated neonatally with estrogen. When progesterone was given concurrently with 17beta-estradiol, the incidence of lesions was lower but their severity was greater. The low doses of 17beta estradiol and progesterone each resulted in an earlier age of onset and a higher incidence of mammary tumors; this also occurred after both combined estrogen progesterone treatments. In treated mice ovariectomized on Day 40, normal mammary development did not occur and mammary tumors failed to appear, regardless of neonatal treatment. The data indicate a clear effect of neonatal progesterone exposure on both the genital tract and the mammary apparatus of female mice. PMID- 830421 TI - Conjugation of radiolabeled polyamines in the rat. AB - Initial work reporting elevated polyamine levels in body fluids of cancer patients indicated that a percentage of the polyamine pools was present in conjugated form making hydrolysis necessary for assessment of the total polyamine content in urine and serum. In this paper, we report plasma decay curves for [14C]polyamines after i.v. administration and the temporal appearance of conjugates. Following the administration of [14C]polyamines, the radiolabel rapidly disappeared from the plasma in the order; spermidine greater than putrescine greater than spermine. Separation of the [14C]polyamines from conjugated radiolabeled compounds with Dowex chromatography indicated that [14C]putrescine and [14C]spermidine were rapidly conjugated, whereas no significant conjugation of spermine was detectable. After near-total hepatectomy of rats, there was no detectable formation of conjugates, whereas unilateral nephrectomy had little effect on the appearance of conjugates. This suggests that conjugation may take place in the liver. Free putrescine or spermidine could be regenerated from the conjugates by acid hydrolysis, suggesting that the conjugation process does not involve any alteration of the polyamines. PMID- 830423 TI - Ligandin, the glutathione S-transferases, and chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis: a review. AB - The glutathione S-transferases are a major group of soluble liver proteins that are involved in the cellular detoxification of electrophilic compounds. Several of these transferases, in particular glutathione S-transferase B or ligandin, interact with chemical carcinogens in vivo. This review presents evidence that ligandin and the other glutathione S-transferases reduce the susceptibility of the liver to aminoazo dye-, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-, and aromatic amine induced carcinogenesis. Several possible mechanisms by which the transferases reduce hepatocarcinogenesis are proposed. These mechanisms include the direct binding and detoxification of carcinogens by the transferases and the inctivation of steroids and other agents that indirectly stimulate carcinogen activation. PMID- 830424 TI - Hormonal control of growth and progression in tumors of Nb rats and a theory of action. AB - A continuation of previous studies of hormone-dependent tumors in various organs in Nb rats concerns the effects of removal of the hormone stimulus from animals with growing tumors. Tumor regression usually followed this procedure, and in various models it was associated with an increased survival of the animal. A regressed tumor could be caused to grow at any time by estrogen treatment, and the resulting tumor remained hormone dependent, although some progression might occur. Continuous breeding rarely affected the growth or progression of transplanted adrenal or breast carcinomas. When spontaneous regrowth of tumors took place following removal of the estrogen stimulus all types of tumors (except leiomyomas of the uterus, showed progression usually to autonomy, and in the case of male rats bearing breast carcinomas it was inevitable. The substitution of pellets containing a reduced level of estrone to determine which prevented regression and allowed uninterrupted growth offered an assessment of the type or amount of hormone required for the growth of different tumors. By means of such a model of breast cancer in male rats, it was possible to demonstrate that a reduction in hormone levels sufficient to prevent advancing tumor growth, but adequate to reduce the extent of regression, also reduced the frequency or prevented the development of autonomous change. Although regression per se was not a prerequisite for autonomous change, the paradox was evident that progression towards autonomous growth was accelerated with procedures expected to check tumor growth and was minimal with procedures that accelerated it. Liver metastases of hormone-dependent adrenal carcinomas continued growth and could not be influenced by removal of estrogen, although the primary transplant regressed. When such metastases were transplanted, they were not found to have progressed to autonomy but retained a hormone-dependent status. Some tumors, when maintained in estrogen-conditioned hosts, apparently showed a reversion to a more hormone dependent cell type rather than the expected progression towards autonomy. A theory is suggested to explain the experiments findings on the development and control of estrogen-responsive tumors. PMID- 830425 TI - Effectiveness of neuraminidase in experimental immunotherapy of two murine pulmonary carcinomas. AB - The effects of direct intratumoral inoculation with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and inoculation of tumor-bearing mice with tumor cells incubated with neuraminidase in vitro were studied in C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 mice bearing s.c. transplanted, methylcholanthrene-induced pulmonary squamous cell or Lewis lung carcinomas. The growth of the squamous cell tumor was more greatly inhibited by both treatments than was the Lewis lung tumor. In the squamous cell tumor-bearing mice, both modes of neuraminidase treatment depressed tumor growth by approximately 80%. However, 20% of the mice in the group treated with the neuraminidase-incubated squamous cell vaccine and 10% of those treated intratumorally underwent total tumor regression and developed specific immunity to the squamous cell tumor. although the growth rate of the Lewis lung tumor was suppressed by both types of treatment, the direct intratumoral neuraminidase treatment group underwent a greater depression in tumor growth (73 versus 42%). A possible explanation of the different results of the two treatments in squamous cell and Lewis lung tumor systems may be based on tumor etiology and cellular composition. PMID- 830426 TI - Intercellular junctions of antennal gland epithelial cells in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis. A freeze-fracture study. AB - Labyrinth and nephridial canal cells of the crayfish (Orconectes virilis) antennal gland possess two types of intercellular junctions revealed by freeze fracture studies. Apical margins of the cells are connected by long septate junctions. In replicas, these junctions consist of many parallel rows of 80--140 A intramembrane particles situated on the PF membrane face (EF and PF fracture faces of Branton et al., 1975). Rows of pits are found on the EF fracture face and are deemed complementary to the rows of particles. Moreover, lateral margins of basal regions of the epithelial cells are attached by many intercellular junctions. These contacts are characterized in thin plastic sections by a narrow dense cytoplasmic plaque located subjacent to the plasma membrane at sites of adjoined cells, and 5 to 12 fine strands of dense material that extend across the intercellular gap between adjoined cells. In freeze-fracture replicas, EF intramembrane faces basal to the region of the plasma membrane containing septate junctions exhibit numerous discoid clusters of particles. The particle aggregates, assumed to represent freeze-cleave images of adhering junctions, range from 900 to 3,700 A in diameter, with individual particles about 185 A in diameter. These junctions appear to connect epithelial cell processes formed by basal infoldings of the plasmalemma, and occur between adiacent cells as well as adiacent processes of a single cell. The discrete aggregates of particles resemble replicated desmosomes (Shienvold and Kelly, 1974) and hemi-desmosomes (Shivers, 1976); therefore, they probably do not constitute a basis for electrical coupling between antennal gland epithelial cells. PMID- 830427 TI - Extracellular matrix fibrils and cell contacts in the chick embryo. Possible roles in orientation of cell migration and axon extension. AB - The migration of neural crest and sclerotome cells and the extension of ventral root axons in chick embryos at stages 16-20 were studied by light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy at the leg bud level of fixed specimens. Extensive cellular movements take place in association with an extracellular matrix consisting of microfibrils. The neural crest and sclerotome cells migrate into the large matrix-filled extracellular space surrounding the neural tube and notochord, apparently using microfibril microfibril bundles as substratum. The cells exhibit pseudopodia which are closely associated with the matrix fibrils. The fibrils around the notochord show a spatial arrangement indicating that the sclerotome cells are contact-guided to their subsequent positions. Mutual cell contacts, including those established by cell processes, frequently show cytoplasmic electron dense plaques at adjacent membranes. These small "plaque contacts" might be correlated to contact inhibition of locomotion between the cells and participate in the guidance of cells. The growth cones of extending axons exhibit filopodia contacting both surrounding mesenchyme cells and extracellular fibrils. The orientation of the axons might thus be affected by contacts with cell surfaces as well as with extracellular material. PMID- 830428 TI - Pseudopodia formation by neurosecretory granules. AB - Ultrastrucal studies of the mouse neurohypophysis, under various experimental conditions, revealed a number of neurosecretory granules (NSG) bearing single pseudopodia-like protrusions. Some NSG adhered to the axolemma via pseudopodia; other NSG, distant from the axolemma, budded electron lucent microvesicles from the tip of the pseudopod. Pseudopodia counts were made on electron micrographs, and calculated as a percentage of the NSG population. In neural lobes from intact mice, small numbers of pseudopodia were observed (0.3%); the count increased significantly after injections of large doses of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (9.4--14.5%); hypertonic saline augmented the count, as did histamine. In vitro incubation experiments with isolated neural lobes in Krebs Ringer revealed concomitant pseudopodia formation and elevated vasopressin release (measured by antidiuretic bioassay) in the presence of HRP and di-butyryl cyclic AMP respectively. Histamine and excess potassium also increased hormone secretion, but did not induce pseudopodia formation in vitro; pseudopodia were observed neither in controls, nor in the presence of ineffective secretagogues. It is suggested that the pseudopod may represent the active site on the granule membrane. Different ultrastructural images of granule release suggest that several modes of hormone release may be operative in the neurohypophysis. The role of HRP in pseudopodia formation and vasopressin release is enigmatic. PMID- 830429 TI - Structural correlates of function in the "opercularis" muscle of amphibians. AB - This study characterizes the fine structure of the "opercularis" muscles of selected frogs and salamanders (Genera: Hyla; Desmognathus; Ambystoma). The "opercularis" muscle originates on the shoulder girdle and inserts on the opercular plate in the fenestra ovalis of the otic capsule. Each of the three genera used exhibits one of the major gross dispositions of this muscle found in amphibians. In each case the "opercularis" muscle contains large numbers of tonic fibers: 80% in Hyla; 90% in Desmognathus; 45% in Ambystoma. These fibers correspond to the class-5 tonic fibers of Smith and Ovalle (1973). The remained of the fibers in the "opercularis" correspond to those in the class-3 "phasic" of Smith and Ovalle. The muscle from which the "opercularis" is derived (levator scapulae in Hyla, cucullaris in Desmognathus) is comprised of fibers which correspond to the class-2 phasic fibers of Smith and Ovalle. The fiber composition of the "opercularis" indicates that it is constructed to sustain contraction over long periods of time. This composition is supportive of the functional role in audition proposed for the muscle by Lombard and Straughan (1974). Evidence is presented that indicates that fiber size may be body size dependent and thus is an inappropriate criterion of fiber type identification. PMID- 830430 TI - Three-dimensional development of luminal projections and junctional complexes in the developing central nervous system blood vessels of the rat. AB - The luminal surface features and junctional complexes from developing blood vessels in the rat central nervous system have been studied by high-voltage electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Developing blood vessels exhibit three types of luminal projections; marginal folds or ridges at junctional complexes, ridges not at junctional complexes and microvilli. Both types of ridges are associated with troughs or depressions in the luminal surface of the endothelial cell. Those ridges not associated with junctional complexes take part inthe production of enclosed tunnels in the endothelial cell cytoplasm. Fusion of the external leaflets of junctional complexes between adjacent endothelial cells occurred, initially, near the luminal surface of the blood vemina secondarily. Further fusion activity to produce the zonula occludens type junction appeared to spread outwards from the smaller fusion sites. PMID- 830431 TI - Ultrastructure of the basiepithelial nerve plexus of the sea urchin, Centrostephanus longispinus. AB - The basiepithelial nerve plexus of the Echinoid, Centrostephanus longispinus, contains strands of nerve fibres, which measure between 0.1 and 2.0 mum -in diameter. Nonciliated epithelial supporting cells do not contribute to the plexus. Within the fibres different cesicular inclusions are found. By means of serial sectioning the structure of multipolar cell bodies within the plexus could be demonstrated. PMID- 830432 TI - The cost of scientific communication: the scientist as ad-man. PMID- 830434 TI - And more about money. PMID- 830433 TI - Effects of extracellular potassium on ventricular automaticity and evidence for a pacemaker current in mammalian ventricular myocardium. AB - Automaticity was induced in isolated guinea pig and cat papillary muscles by application of depolarizing constant current pulses. Increasing extracellular potassium from 1 to 15 mM caused a shift of pacemaker-like activity to less negative diastolic potentials and a decrease in maximum phase 4 slope. Membrane resistance, estimated from the relation of applied current to maximum diastolic potential, decreased when extracellular potassium was increased. Voltage clamps of cat papillary muscle demonstrated that action potentials activate a time dependent outward current which has a reversal potential of -79.1 mV (+/- 0.99 SE, n = 20) at an extracellular potassium concentration of 5 mM. The reversal potential of this current varies with extracellular K+ with a slope of 50-60 mV per 10-fold concentration change. The current is activated by voltage clamps or action potential plateaus in the range of -30 to +30 mV. It has a time constant of deactivation which increases from approximately 100 to over 400 msec as clamp potential is increased from -90 to -60 mV. It is proposed that this current is equivalent to Ix1 demonstrated in other cardiac tissues and is responsible, in combination with inward currents, for automaticity in ventricular fibers. PMID- 830435 TI - Cardiac lysosomal derangements in mouse heart after long-term exposure to nonmetabolizable sugars. AB - Hearts of late fetal mice were maintained in organ culture in the presence of 30 100 mM sucrose or mannitol. Activities of several lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin D, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase) were increased by up to 30% after 18-24 hours and by up to 50% after 48-72 hours, as compared to enzyme activities in litter-matched hearts maintained in control medium or medium supplemented with equimolar urea. Simultaneously, the ratio of nonsedimentable to sedimentable enzyme activity was significantly increased, suggesting increased lysosomal fragility. Light and electron microsopic examination of the hearts revealed marked vacuolization in myocytic, interstitial, and endothelial cells. The vacuoles were limited by single membranes, often contained particulate or amorphous cellular debris resulting from autophagocytosis, and in cytochemical preparations frequently exhibited an electron-dense reaction product indicative of acid phosphatase activity. Hydrocortisone failed to prevent the marked lysosomal activation induced by the sugars. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to nonmetabolizable sugars induces severe lysosomal derangements with prominent autophagy, in fetal mouse heart maintained in organ culture. PMID- 830436 TI - The unidentified information content of the electrocardiogram. PMID- 830437 TI - The effect of indomethacin blockade of prostaglandin synthesis on blood pressure of normal rabbits and rabbits with renovascular hypertension. AB - Indomethacin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin and the release of renin. These effects were studied in normal rabbits and rabbits with two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension (2KGH) and one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension (1KGH) by giving daily intravenous injections of indomethacin (3mg/kg after two initial doses of 9 mg/kg), and in appropriate control rabbits given diluent phosphate buffer without indomethacin. In normal rabbits, indomethacin significantly decreased immunoreactive plasma prostaglandin E-like substance (IPGE) and plasma renin activity (PRA). Indomethacin did not change plasma creatinine (PCr) or mean blood pressure but it decreased renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In 2KGH rabbits, responses depended on the level of renal function and, to a lesser extent, on the level of PRA. In six of10 2KGH rabbits in which hypertension developed without significant changes in PRA, IPGE, PCr, RBF, and GFR, indomethacin produced changes similar to those seen in normals. In the other four rabbits, development of 2KGH was accompanied by increased PRA, increased IPGE, and decreased RBF and GFR, and indomethacin produced renal failure, oliguria, malignant hypertension, and death within 5 days. In 1KGH rabbits, indomethacin decreased IPGE, PRA, and renal function but increased mean blood pressure. These observations suggest that prostaglandins exert a protective effect on renal function in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 830438 TI - The intrinsic innervation of the canine heart: a functional study. AB - The intrinsic innervation of the heart has been described anatomically but seldom, functionally. These experiments were designed to verify and to evaluate the influence of intrinsic neural activation on the contractility of the atria and ventricles. Nine mongrel dogs underwent total cardiac denervation using the Geis two-stage technique. Following recovery, they were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass. Balloons were inserted into each cardiac chamber, filled with saline, and used to record atrial and ventricular isovolumic pressures in response to intracoronary drug injections. The hearts were paced to avoid rate changes. Acetylcholine (ACh) (0.05-1.0 mug) was given to assess direct effects on the myocardium; nicotine (NIC) (25-200 mug) was used to produce indirect inotropic effects. d-Tubocurare (dTC) (1.0-2.5 mg) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10-30 mug) were used to differentiate the direct and the indirect effects. Both ACh and NIC produced qualitatively similar negative inotropic responses in both atria and ventricles. dTC usually produced a significantly greater blockade of responses to NIC than toACh. TTX administered to 12 other denervated dogs to differentiate direct and neurally mediated responses, completely blocked NIC-induced negative inotropy but did not change responses to ACh. The data show that (1) the intrinsic cardiac innervation can exert significant negative inotropic effects on atria and ventricles (10 to greater than 30%); (2) there is no functional evidence of participation by chromaffin cells in the inotropic responses to intrinsic nerve activation; (3) the negative inotropy produced by NIC is sensitive to dTC and, especially, TTX blockade. This is consistent with the mechanism of action being intrinsic neural stimulation. PMID- 830439 TI - Reflex changes in hindlimb and renal vascular resistance in response to distention of the isolated pulmonary arteries of the dog. AB - We describe a preparation that uses a constant flow, right heart bypass for perfusion of an isolated pouch of the main pulmonary arteries at controlled pressures, and show that increments in pressure in the pulmonary arterial pouch are accompanied by increases in systemic vascular resistance and in hindlimb vascular resistance. These changes are demonstrated over the whole range of 5-120 cm H2O pressure in the pulmonary arterial pouch. In contrast there are no significant changes in renal vascular resistance or heart rate. We find that changing the temperature of the perfusate in the pulmonary arterial pouch from 37 degrees C to 30 degress C is associated with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, the effects of raising the pulmonary arterial pouch pressure and of cooling are abolished by cervical vagotomy. These findings suggest that there is a tonic reflex vasoconstrictor tone generated by the activity of receptors lying in or close to the walls of the pulmonary artery. These findings also suggest that the differential effects on systemic vascular resistance and renal resistance may provide one mechanism by which changes in blood volume may lead to appropriate changes in renal solute excretion. PMID- 830440 TI - Paradoxical dynamic interaction of heart period and vagal activity on atrioventricular conduction in the dog. AB - The dynamic interaction of simultaneously changing heart period and single vagal stimuli on atrioventricular conduction (AV interval) was quantified by subtracting the vagally induced responses of the paced heart preparation from those of the unpaced heart preparation. This difference was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the AV responses to changes in heart period (delta A) alone without vagal stimulation (using the identical delta AA recorded from the unpaced heart in the same preparation, but with a crushed sinoatrial node). That is, for a given increase in AA interval, the AV conduction time was considerably less when the change in AA was associated with increased vagal activity than in the absence of any vagal activity. Data from some dogs in which a complete AV block was produced for both paced and unpaced hearts suggested that one mechanism of the paradoxical response was located in AV nodal tissue. Data from other dogs, in which two surface atrial recording sites were used, indicated that shifts of pacemaker site and atrial activation patterns also are an important mechanism of the paradoxical response. The relative contribution of these two mechanisms is not fixed, but can vary considerably from animal to animal. PMID- 830441 TI - Sarcolemmal sodium permeability and contractile force of guinea pig papillary muscle: effects of germitrine. AB - The action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle exposed to the ceveratrum alkaloid germitrine (2 mugM) is followed by a long-lasting after-depolarization (maximal amplitude, 8 mV; half-time of decay, 32 seconds; total duration, approximately 75 seconds). This after-depolarization interrupts the terminal phase of repolarization. During repetitive stimulation (0.1-1.0 Hz; 80 nM germitrine) the after-depolarizations that follow consecutive action potentials are summed, causing persistent depolarization of up to 10 mV. The after depolarization is reversibly abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX). Test contractions evoked at various times during or after the germitrine-induced after depolarization reveal a phase during which the ability of the muscle to develop force is transiently increased. This positive inotropic influence reaches its maximum 1 minute after the conditioning stimulus and thereafter decays with a half-time 4.8 times longer than the half-time of decay of the after depolarization. It is reversibly abolished by TTX and augmented by dihydro ouabain (DHO). We conclude: Germitrine induces an after-depolarization by prolonging dramatically the Na permeability component which is mediated by the fast Na channels and normally restricted to the first few milliseconds of the action potential. The germitrine-induced selective and persistent increase of sarcolemmal sodium permeability (PNA) causes a positive inotropic effect, probably because intracellularly accumulating Na ions exchange for extracellular Ca ions. PMID- 830442 TI - Alterations in canine myocardial excitability during ischemia. AB - Changes in the ventricular diastolic excitability threshold following occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were studied in open-chest anesthetized dogs by using a new automatic threshold-following pacemaker (ATFP). The ATFP measures the diastolic excitability threshold by successively decreasing the duration of regularly occurring pacing stimuli until the ventricle fails to respond. Under control conditions, the threshold stimulus duration was 60 +/- 4 (mean +/- SEM) musec. In the first 1-3 minutes following occlusion of the LAD, the diastolic excitability threshold in the ischemic zone (IZ) decreased to 51 +/ 5 musec and then rapidly increased to 600 musec at 5 minutes. The initial decrease in excitability threshold at IZ could be abolished by elevating the serum K+ concentration prior to the LAD occlusion. These changes in excitability threshold at IZ could be prevented by infusing nonoxygenated solutions into the LAD at a site distal to the occlusion. As the excitability threshold increased in IZ during ischemia, the earliest time at which IZ could be reactivated by a stimulus with a voltage equal to twice the preligation diastolic voltage threshold was increased. In nine of 16 dogs, after 5 minutes of LAD ligation, the IZ to normal zone (NZ( activation time (when stimulating at IZ) exceeded the NZ to IZ activation time (when stimulating at NZ) by an average of 9 msec. We also found that in four dogs the NZ to IZ activation time exceeded the IZ to NZ activation time by an average of 10 msec. We conclude from these findings that a gradient of increasing excitability threshold exists as one moves from normally perfused toward more ischemic tissue, passing through a heterogenous border zone that manifests some areas which have a decreased excitability threshold and other areas which have an increased excitability threshold, and that these changes in excitability importantly influence the determination of refractory period durations and conduction times. PMID- 830443 TI - Universal permanent alopecia, psychomotor epilepsy, pyorrhea and mental subnormality. AB - A syndrome of congenital and permanent universal alopecia, involving absence of scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary and pubic hair, and the rest of the body hair is reported. Mental subnormality was noted in eight and psychomotor epilepsy in seven out of 12 affected individuals. Pyorrhea was observed in all ascertained patients. No abnormality of nails or skin (apart from absence of hair) was noted. The disorder, which affected seven females and five males from six sibships, was transmitted through four generations. Utilizing the simple sib method, a ratio of 6/12 was obtained for affected individuals. The vertical transmission of the disorder, implication of both sexes, male to male transmission, and the 1:1 (affected: unaffected) segregation ratio support autosomal dominant inheritance. Penetrance appears to be complete. PMID- 830445 TI - Selective hypoaldosteronism in Iranian Jews: An autosomal recessive trait. AB - A salt-wasting syndrome associated with high plasma renin activity and inappropriately low aldosterone levels was observed among eight Jewish families from Iran. Aldosterone deficiency was due to an inborn error selectively involving the terminal portion of the bio-synthetic pathway and characterized by an enzymic block in the conversion of 18-hydroxy-corticosterone to aldosterone. The analysis of the eight pedigrees, including 12 affected children, shows a high coefficient of inbreeding. Genetic analysis, by two independent methods, strongly suggests an autosomal recessive mode of transmission of the syndrome. PMID- 830444 TI - Amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis. A controlled series of 78 cases. AB - The outcome of 78 pregnancies, monitored by second trimester amniocentesis for prevention of genetic disease, and the outcome of an equal number of matched controls are reported. The controls were selected from the same obstetrical department, among the same population,and were matched for age, number of previous children, abortions and stillbirths. No significant difference was found in Apgar score, birth-weight and length, duration of pregnancy, placenta condition or malformation. PMID- 830446 TI - A new estimate of the achondroplasia mutation rate. AB - An estimate is derived of the mutation of achondroplasia based upon the accumulated data of recent newborn studies in four cities. In a total of 242,257 births, seven infants had mutant achondroplasia, the diagnosis being confirmed radiologically in all but one. From this, the rate of mutation of the normal to the achondroplasia allele is calculated to be 1.4 x 10(-5) +/- standard error 0.5 x 10(-5). Certain shortcomings of this estimate are discussed. PMID- 830447 TI - Partial 7q trisomy. PMID- 830448 TI - Serum pancreatic isoamylases in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis heterozygotes: A non-valuable test. AB - A group of 102 obligate heterozygotes for the cystic fibrosis gene were examined for genetic type of pancreatic isoamylases as well as enzyme activity of pancreatic iso-amylases, salivary isoamylases and total amylase in serum. The analysis was performed using electrophoretic separation for detection of the various types of isoamylases, and their relative activity was determined by means of densitometry. The activities of salivary isoamylases and total amylase in serum showed no significant differences between the cystic fibrosis heterozygotes and a control group. The frequency of the variant gene for pancreatic isoamylase was also the same as in the controls. The mean value for pancreatic isoamylase was slightly higher in the cystic fibrosis heterozygotes than in the control group (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.02). PMID- 830449 TI - Translocation of 9q/13q resulting in duplication (trisomy 9pter leads to 9q22) and deficiency (monosomy 13pter leads to 13q12). AB - A profoundly retarded, 12-year-old female is described. Her phenotype is compatible with the clinical features of the trisomy 9p syndrome. Cytogenetic analyses showed her to be trisomic for 9pter leads to 9q22 and monosomic for 13pter leads to 13q12, as the result of adjacent-2 segregation during meiosis in her mother. The family pedigree shows this (9;13) translocation to be present in at least three generations. PMID- 830450 TI - Linkage studies on Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism were observed in two kindreds, and they were found to occur togetherin 9 out of 10 affected individuals. The last patient had Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome without manifestations of hypogonadism, and similar findings were observed in two affected sisters from a third kindred. On the hypothesis that the concurrence of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was caused by linkage, a lod score analysis was conducted. Four sibships in the two kindreds were informative with respect to linkage. At the recombination fraction 0.05, the lod score exceeded 3. If linkage causes the concurrence of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and hypergonadotropic hypongonadism in these kindreds, the linkage is close. No linkage was observed between the clinical syndromes and 17 marker systems. PMID- 830451 TI - Trisomy 9p syndrome and XYY syndrome in siblings. PMID- 830452 TI - Sex-linked chondrodysplasia punctata? AB - Widespread atrophic lesions and pigmentary disturbances of the skin distributed in a linear or whorled pattern, are seen in some patients with chondrodysplasia punctata of the Conradi-Hunermann type. Arguments are presented in favor of the hypothesis that this association of anomalies constitutes a distinct genetic disorder, which is inherited as an X-linked dominant trait lethal in hemizygous males. PMID- 830453 TI - Partial trisomy 17. PMID- 830454 TI - A chromosome No. 2 abnormality in a child with a few congenital defects. AB - An abnormal chromosome No2 was found in the case of a child with an imperforate anus, a recto-vaginal fistula, unilateral atresia of the inner canal ,and deformity of the external ear. G-banding studies revealed an insertion of a segment of the short arm into the long arm in one of the chromosomes No. 2 of the proband, the apparent result of a de novo phenomenon of chromosome rearrangement. PMID- 830455 TI - Lower airway foreign body aspiration in children. An analysis of 13 cases. AB - This analysis of thirteen cases of lower airway foreign body aspiration in children reveals a high incidence of aspiration into the left main bronchus, and an increased incidence in older children. Early indentification of nonradio opaque foreign bodies such as food and plastic toys is difficult in the absence of a positive history. Suggestions are offered for prevention, early detection, and treatment. PMID- 830457 TI - Elusive unsuspected foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree. A nidus for infections that may be quiet for long periods of time. PMID- 830456 TI - Congenital stridor in infancy. Clinical lessons derived from a survey of 31 instances. AB - Thirty-one cases of persistent stridor during infancy, which on study proved to be of congenital origin, were analyzed. The breakdown of these cases is as follows: 4 laryngotracheomalacia, 3 vascular anomalies, 4 angiomas, 1 mucous membrane, 1 laryngeal cyst. The remaining cases (18) belong to the so-called "benign" stridor group in that no specific etiology could be demonstrated and in that evolution was spontaneously favorable. In every case of stridor, the precise underlying cause should be looked for. In addition to clinical assessment the investigation of an infant with stridor calls for the following methods of examination: chest x-ray; larynx x-ray (anterior and lateral view) during iopneumography should be confined to specific cases. PMID- 830458 TI - Immunization of children at high risk from influenza infection. PMID- 830459 TI - The "chubby puffer" syndrome. Upper airway obstruction and obesity, with intermittent somnolence and cardiorespiratory embarrassment. AB - Upper airway obstruction and obesity can produce cardiopulmonary distress in susceptible children. Three such children with chronic airway obstruction due to hypertrophied tonsillar and adenoidal tissue developed pronounced obesity, which in turn helped to provoke sleep alterations, cardiac signs, and abnormal arterial blood gas values. After tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy the symptoms were relieved. PMID- 830460 TI - Pulmonary function 8 to 10 years after hydrocarbon pneumonitis. Normal findings in three children carefully studied. PMID- 830461 TI - Minocycline in the antibiotic regimen of cystic fibrosis patients: weight gain and clinical improvement. AB - Minocycline hydrochloride was given to 100 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas for periods of 3 months over a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug rotation which lasted 2 years. Increased weight gain and some clinical improvement was seen during treatment with minocycline. Those patients with severe disease gained more weight than those with mild or moderate disease, and males gained more than females. When minocycline hydrochloride was not the drug in use, patients lost weight and their health declined. PMID- 830462 TI - Depression of erythropoiesis, physical growth, and hair growth by chloramphenicol in a three-year-old child with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 830463 TI - Alpha chain thalassemia in Taiwan. PMID- 830464 TI - Pyknocytosis in a neonate: an unusual presentation of hereditary elliptocytosis. PMID- 830465 TI - Metabolic implications of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase in two marine gastropods. PMID- 830466 TI - Activity and kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase from some tissues of the crayfish, Orconectes limosus Raf. (Crustacea: Decapoda) in different stages of the moult cycle. PMID- 830467 TI - Membrane biosynthesis in swimbladders of deep sea fishes Coryphaenoides acrolepis and Antimora rostrata. PMID- 830468 TI - Pteridines in the skin of xiphophorine fish (Poeciliidae). PMID- 830469 TI - Progesterone metabolism by the gonads of the ascidian Styela plicata Lesueur. PMID- 830470 TI - Beta-alanine as a constituent of the dopamine derivative SN-1 of Papilio xuthus. PMID- 830471 TI - Studies on the quaternary structure of the lobster exoskeleton carotenoprotein, crustacyanin. PMID- 830472 TI - Regulation of urea biosynthesis in the slug, Limax flavus Linne. PMID- 830473 TI - Detection and identification of moulting hormone (ecdysones) in the barnacle Balanus balanoides. PMID- 830474 TI - Reassociation and hybridization properties of DNASs from several species of fish. PMID- 830475 TI - Studies on the distribution, biosynthesis and function of steroidal saponins in echinoderms. PMID- 830476 TI - Biosynthesis of phenol and guaiacol by the hemipteran Leptoglossus phyllopus. PMID- 830478 TI - Fatty acid composition of emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri) lipids. PMID- 830477 TI - Expression of the paternally derived phosphoglucose isomerase genes during hybrid trout development. PMID- 830479 TI - Biosynthesis of 11beta-hydroxy and 11-ketoandrogens in the testis of the black molly, Poecilia (=Mollienisia) Latipinna. PMID- 830480 TI - Molecular basis for heterosis in the chicken-quail hybrid. PMID- 830481 TI - Electrophoresis, in polyacrylamide gel, of serum, liver and muscle proteins in Alytes obstetricans Laur. tadpoles. PMID- 830482 TI - Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. PMID- 830483 TI - Biochemical studies of tick embryogenesis. Free amino acid pools during embryogenesis of Dermacentor andersoni. PMID- 830484 TI - [Comparative use of the pentose cycle as a function of temperature variation in two lepidopterans, Bombyx mori L. and Pieris Brassicae L]. PMID- 830485 TI - Acid phosphatase in the Tasmanian devil: characterization through immunoelectrophoresis and thin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 830486 TI - Leaflet motion in mitral stenosis. PMID- 830488 TI - Cardiac rhabdomyoma simulating mitral atresia. AB - Clinical, catheterization, and pathologic findings were recorded in a newborn infant with tuberous sclerosis and multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas that produced a clinical picture simulating mitral atresia and the hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. The clinical picture was due to a left atrial tumor that completely obstructed the mitral valvular orifice. Even if the diagnosis of left atrial tumor had been made, successful surgical correction was unlikely because of left ventricular rhabdomyomas, which produced severe subvalvular aortic stenosis and did not appear to be resectable. This case demonstrates the possibility that a hamartoma, such as a rhabdomyoma, occasionally can mimic the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. PMID- 830487 TI - Massive pericardial coelomic cyst. Diagnostic features and unusual presentation. AB - Pericardial coelomic cysts are uncommon tumors that are usually detected on a routine roentgenogram of the chest in an asymptomatic individual. Findings from physical examination are usually unremarkable. Needle aspiration, after echocardiographic finding of a cyst, may be diagnostic and therapeutic. Surgery may be indicated to exclude neoplasm or vascular abnormality. This case reort presents the largest coelomic cyst yet described. Ultrasonic studies were useful in the correct preoperative diagnosis, and surgical excision relieved the patient's symptoms. PMID- 830490 TI - Right ventricular performance. PMID- 830489 TI - Campylobacter fetus associated with pulmonary abscess and empyema. AB - An unusual case of community-acquired necrotizing aspiration pneumonia with pulmonary abscess and empyema associated with Campylobacter fetus (formerly Vibrio fetus) in mixed culture is reported. This microaerophilic gram-negative curved bacillus has been increasingly associated with human disease. Unlike most pathogens associated with community-acquired aspiration pneumonia, this organism is usually resistant to penicillin. Infection associated with this organism is characteristically relapsing in nature and requires protracted antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 830491 TI - Thoracoscopy and intrathoracic extrapleural lipoma. PMID- 830492 TI - Thoracic kidney presenting as a mass in the base of the lung. PMID- 830493 TI - Prevention of tracheal injuries in prolonged ventilation. Laboratory and clinical observations on the use of self-inflating cuffs on ventilating tubes. AB - We have previously described the design for a new self-inflating cuff for use on endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes. The pressure characteristics of this new cuff have been reported. The present report presents our experience with this self-inflating cuff in over 200 laboratory observations demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing tracheal damage. Tracheostomy tubes mounted with self inflating cuffs were kept in the dogs for six weeks without causing tracheal ulceration. Our clinical experience in 52 patients is also described. Endotracheal, nasotracheal, and tracheostomy tubes were used intraoperatively and for long periods of ventilation. No tracheal damage could be shown at postmortem examination in two patients dying of their disease, 10 and 25 days after continuous ventilation. PMID- 830494 TI - Selection of a prosthetic valve. PMID- 830495 TI - Sudden withdrawal of propranolol in patients with angina pectoris. AB - On 51 of 53 occasions, sudden withdrawal of propranolol from patients with angina pectoris produced no substantial adverse effects. Two patients experienced a recurrence of unstable angina with one man sustaining a fatal myocardial infarction ten days after propranolol withdrawal. These observations suggest that patients with previous unstable angina may be dependent upon beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Sudden cessation of propranolol for short periods may be preferable to tapering the dosage if prolonged periods of sub-optimal beta-adrenoceptor blockade are to be avoided. PMID- 830496 TI - Continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Use in cardiac exercise programs. AB - In order to evaluate cardiac rate and rhythm in 20 patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease who were engaged in a medically supervised exercise program, continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed during an exercise training class and the subsequent 24 hours, which included activities at work and home. Sixty-five percent (13) of the 20 patients had abnormal findings on recordings. Of the 20 patients studied, 40 percent (eight) had arrhythmias detected by ambulatory recording that had not been detected either by resting or exercise electrocardiograms. Three patients with ventricular ectopis (multiform premature ventricular beats, couplets, and begeminy) had exercise activities temporarily curtailed and therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs begun, with subsequent resolution or improvement. Two other patients (with recorded heart rates of 160 beats per minute) were instructed to carefully monitor their heart rate in order to not exceed the target maximum. We conclude that 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring is beneficial in evaluating patients in cardiac exercise programs and frequently influences the management of such patients. PMID- 830497 TI - Blood pressure responses to catecholamines during beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol in hypertensive subjects. AB - In 14 patients with essential hypertension, the response of the heart rate and blood pressure to infusion of norepinephrine and epinephrine separately while off (control period) or on therapy with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade was examined. By titrating dosage against the response of blood pressure and pulse rate, propranolol hydrochloride was administered orally at 160 mg/day in four divided doses. There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and in pulse rate during propranolol therapy, whereas diastolic blood pressure decreased but not significantly so. Normal blood pressure (140/90 mm /g or less) was attained only in five patients. The infusion of epinephrine and then norepinephrine produced a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure during propranolol therapy, but the magnitude of the rise was significantly greater than that attained in the control period only during epinephrine infusion. We conclude that the transient hypertensive episodes which have been observed during offive visits in some hypertensive patients treated with propranolol are due mainly to release of epinephrine. PMID- 830498 TI - Federal policy for funding health science research. A dynamic disequilibrium. PMID- 830499 TI - Systemic embolization of the disk occluder of the Wada-Cutter prosthetic valve. A late complication. AB - The results in 22 patients in the Denver area with Wada-Cutter prostheses were reviewed. There were 14 late deaths, with an average follow-up of six years. Four cases of valve malfunction not related to thrombosis were documented. There were three cases of embolization of the occluder. A survivor is reported. Clinical evaluation of the group suggested new mitral regurgitation to be a sensitive indicator of impending embolization of the occluder. Documentation of valve malfunction warrants valvular replacement. PMID- 830500 TI - Effects of carbohydrates on carbon dioxide excretion in patients with airway disease. AB - Thirteen patients with stable airway disease were fed a diet high in carbohydrates, and 35 minutes later metabolic and ventilatory effects were observed. The six patients who did not retain carbon dioxide increased their mean respiratory quotient from 0.86 +/- 0.07 to 1.03 +/- 0.04, their mean minute ventilation from 10.3 +/- 3.0 to 12.8 +/- 4.0 L/min, mean carbon dioxide production from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 0.29 +/- 0.02 L/min, and mean oxygen consumption from 0.27 +/- 0.07 to 0.29 +/- 0.03 L/min (all P less than 0.05). The arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) did not change significantly from baseline values. The seven patients who retained carbon dioxide responded similarly, except that their mean arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) increased significantly from 50.9 +/- 4.4 to 57.7 +/- 5.5 torr (P less than 0.05). In addition, the mean PaCO2 increased from 54.5 +/- 6.4 to 54.9 +/- 6.4 torr (not significant). We conclude that the increased endogenous carbon dioxide load resulting from a meal high in carbohydrates is well tolerated by most patients with chronic airway disease. PMID- 830502 TI - Endotracheal excision of fibrous tracheal stenosis and subsequent prolonged stenting an alternative method in selected cases. AB - Stenosis of the trachea, especially after prolonged intubation for mechanical ventilation or after direct trauma to the trachea, has become an increasing problem worldwide. The generally accepted treatment of choice is resection of the stenotic part of the trachea and end-to-end anastomosis; however, some patients have primary diseases (multiple injuries, cardiorespiratory failure, severe bronchial asthma, adrenal dysfunction, etc) that contraindicate any major tracheal surgery. In these cases, more conservative methods must be tried. Treatment with dilation using various types of stents, mostly combined with endotracheal excision of fibrous tissue, has been used in 20 patients during the period of 1965 to 1974 at the Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. In the 17 patients who have completed treatment who have completed treatment (two patients still being treated and one patient died of myocardial infarction during treatment), nine were classified as having good clinical results, four as satisfactory, and four as failures. We believe that treatment of tracheal stenosis using dilation with stents is a reasonably good alternative in patients whose general condition makes them poor risks for major tracheal surgery. PMID- 830501 TI - Cervical accessory respiratory muscle function in a patient with a high cervical cord lesion. AB - The function of the accessory respiratory muscles (ARM) of the neck were studied in a quadriplegic patient suffering from a C2-3 lesion of the cervical spinal cord. Subtotal expiratory paralysis resulted in an essentially complete loss of expiratory reserve volume such that residual volume and functiona residual capacity were equal (RV=FRC). Tidal volume and vital capacity were severely reduced. Being extrinsic to the chest, the ARM of the neck functioned independently of changes in thoracic gas volume; however, their performance appeared posture-dependent, and was less efficient in the sitting position. Despite the fact that the ARM preferentially expanded the upper part of the ribcage, significant V/Q mismatch did not seem to occur. Voluntary use of glossopharynegeal breathing (GPB) greatly enhanced the patient's ventilatory capability. Flow volume data during GPB documented the efficiency of the glossopharyngeal muscles, which function as a positive pressure pump to force air into the lungs. PMID- 830503 TI - Systolic time intervals in the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. AB - Left ventricular function, as measured by systolic time intervals, was studied in 30 subjects with the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur (ages, 20 to 53 years; mean, 34 +/- 9 years). Twenty-one were asymptomatic, six had chest pain, two had palpitations, one had shortness of breath, and one had hypotensive episodes. Each patient had the typical auscultatory and echocardiographic findings of the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. In the study the values for the interval between the onset of the QRS complex (Q) and the aortic component of the second heart sound (A2) (377 +/- 42 msec), the Q-A2 index (532 +/- 39 msec), the preejection period (PEP) (97 +/- 17 MSEC), THE PEP index (127 +/- 16 msec), the left ventricular ejection time index (403 +/- 26 msec) and the ratio of PEP to left ventricular ejection time (0.35 +/ 0.01) were not significantly different from the values in 17 controls matched for age. Out study, then, supports the contention that left ventricular function remains well preserved in most patients with the syndrome of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. PMID- 830504 TI - Conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to a concealed extranodal pathway with intravenous bolus of lidocaine. PMID- 830505 TI - Bilateral hilar adenopathy and cystic lung lesion. PMID- 830506 TI - Influence of positional change on pulsus alternans. PMID- 830507 TI - Posterior leaflet motion in mitral stenosis. AB - The echocardiographic features of mitral valvular motion in a patient with classic rheumatic mitral stenosis are presented. Two unusual features were noted, and the important of careful echocardiographic scanning of the mitral valve is imphasized. The theories for the classic echocardiographic abnormalities of mitral stenosis are briefly considered in light of the findings in this case. PMID- 830508 TI - An unusual form of late stenosis after aortic valve replacement with a cloth covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - A 24-year-old man presented with late stenosis of a cloth-covered Starr-Edwards valve (model 2320). Fibrous ingrowth occurred at the inflow orifice of the valve and all three struts were adherent to the aortic wall, creating a "tunnel" form of obstruction. The stenotic valve was replaced with a porcine heterograft, and the small aortic root was enlarged with a Dacron patch. This form of late prosthetic valve stenosis should have been prevented by enlargement of the aortic root at the time of valve insertion and by long-term anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 830509 TI - Mitral regurgitation due to intermittent prosthetic valvular dysfunction. AB - A second case of malfunction of a Harken disk valve due to undue disk wear is reported. Two and one-half years after aortic and mitral valvular replacement, the patient had paraprosthetic aortic insufficiency and physical findings suggesting intermittent dysfunction of his prosthetic mitral valve. Catheterization showed intermittent hemodynamic abnormalities; fluoroscopic and cineangiographic findings indicated intermittent mitral regurgitation secondary to undue mitral disk wear. At operation, the excised valve showed normal struts and sewing ring but severe disk wear. There was loss of disk substance and rim notching. PMID- 830511 TI - Endobronchial control of bronchopleural fistulae. AB - This report describes a proposed solution to the problem of high-flow bronchopleural fistulae in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Animal studies and clinical application demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment. PMID- 830510 TI - Management of adult acute epiglottitis by tracheal intubation. AB - We present a case of adult acute epiglottitis that was successfully managed by endotracheal intubation without the need for subsequent tracheostomy. PMID- 830515 TI - Sinusitis in paediatrics. AB - The authors discuss the problem of the diagnosis of sinusitis in children from the viewpoint of the practising paediatrician, on the basis of 106 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years, and suffering from sinusitis. Maxillary sinusitis (56.5%) and a combination of maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis (24.5%) were commonest, and pan-sinusitis occurred in about 10% of cases. The commonest complaints in the history were cough, headache, pyrexia and rhinitis. The commonest clinical findings were pharyngitis, retropharyngeal drip, tenderness to pressure over the sinus points, otitis media, a deterioration in the general condition, enlarged tender angular lymph nodes, bronchitis and rhinitis. The result of treatment of sinusitis in childhood with the antibiotic used here, doxycycline, are assessed. A successful result was obtained in 94.3% of cases; cure in 77 patients (72.6%) and marked improvement in 23 (21.7%). There were six failures (5.7%). In the majority of children - 72 cases (68%), the duration of treatment was 15-21 days. It was 10-14 days in 18 children (17%) and more than 3 weeks in 16 children (15%). Rapid subjective improvement was seen in 65 cases (61.3%), and rapid objective improvement in 80 (75.5%). The tolerance of doxycycline was very good in nearly all patients. Mild symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance were seen in two cases. PMID- 830516 TI - Amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - 100 hospital patients suffered from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 50 were treated with amoxycillin in a dose of 500 mg, three times a day for 10 days and the results compared with 50 patients treated with co-trimoxazole in a dose up to 480 mg trimethoprim and 2,400 mg of sulphamethoxazole daily in males, and two thirds of this dose in females. The trial was single-blind. During the acute phase of infection, both treatments were equally effective in clinical improvement, conversion of the sputum from purulent to mucoid, diminution of quantity and elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Amoxycillin was quicker in sputum conversion and gave less side effects, but the differences were not significant. During the 2-4 weeks following treatment, only a third of the patients who had received co-trimoxazole remained well and free from purulent relapse, as opposed to 72% who had received amoxycillin, a difference significant at the 2% level. PMID- 830517 TI - Intravenous co-trimoxazole ("Bactrim") in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. AB - Patients with acute pyelonephritis may be extremely ill and have a complicating septicaemia. This may necessitate the parenteral administration of an appropriate antibacterial agent. This paper reports the use of intravenous co-trimoxazole in two young women with severe acute pyelonephritis. 101 ml of co-trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim) was added to 500 ml of 5% dextrose in water and infused over a 90-min period. This treatment was given every 12 h for five doses, before switching to oral co-trimoxazole. The treatment was clinically and bacteriologically successful and no side effects were noted. PMID- 830518 TI - [Permeability of dialysis membranes for hepatitis-B virus: on the prophylaxis of hepatitis in a haemodialysis centre (author's transl)]. AB - Dialysis fluids of two hepatitis-Bs (HBs) antigen-positive dialysis patients were tested for hepatitis-B virus. Total dialysate volume of 5.5 litres each - as obtained on haemodialysis with the Redy-recirculation system - was concentrated by ultrafiltration and trap and rate-zonal ultracentrifugation, followed by fractionation, and purified. Electron-microscopic evidence of permeability of an intact dialysis membrane for hepatitis-B was obtained. Concentration of hepatitis B virus was at least 10(3) to 10(4) particles per total volume. Because of the potential infectiousness of the dialysis apparatus by effective heat sterilisation after every dialysis is essential. PMID- 830519 TI - [Radical thyroidectomy for malignant thyroid tumour: prognosis and complications (author's transl)]. AB - 270 patients were operated on for malignant thyroid tumour between 1955 and 1974. Before 1967, less radical methods of operation had been preferred, but since 1968, radical thyroidectomy - if necessary supplemented by selective or radical neck dissection - has become the procedure of choice if a curative operation was still feasible. This has brought about a significant fall in the incidence of recurrences and increased the survival rate in patients with well-differentiated carcinoma. The proportion of postoperative complications has been within reasonable bounds. The incidence of postoperative recurrent-nerve paralysis, at 9.4%, has not been raised by radical procedures, while the proportion of permanent tetany (11%) after radical thyroidectomy is much higher than after sub total resection (2%). But the advantages of radical thyroidectomy outweigh the increased incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 830520 TI - [Upside-down spleen (author's transl)]. AB - Upside-down spleen is a rare positional anomaly which is an embryonic malformation and not a 'wandering spleen'. It is not a disease, but is important to recognize, lest it be misinterpreted on angiographic, scanning or ultrasound examination. PMID- 830521 TI - [Urokinase as thrombolytic agent]. PMID- 830522 TI - [Hospital linen from mixed materials]. PMID- 830523 TI - [Hypertension in climacteric]. PMID- 830524 TI - [Peritoneal lavage for hemostasis?]. PMID- 830525 TI - [Disorders of sinus-node function: diagnostic and clinical features (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic right atrial stimulation was performed before and after atropine (1 mg i. v.) in 28 patients with or without ECG evidence of sinoatrial disease. Sinus node recovery time was measured after rapid pacing had been stopped. Sinoatrial conduction time was calculated by premature atrial stimulation technique. Results are given for a control group of ten subjects with normal sinus-node function and 18 patients with sinoatrial disease. Using reaction of the pacemaker to single or multiple ectopic beats, it was found that sinus-node recovery time is determined not only by impulse generation but also sinoatrial conduction properties. The results indicate that, in a given patient, sinoatrial disease may be due to impairment of automaticity or sinoatrial conduction or a combination of both. Both stimulation procedures are of diagnostic value in patients who may require a pacemaker implantation. PMID- 830526 TI - [Septicaemia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)]. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica (serotype 3 of Winblad, or O-group 1 of Knapp) was isolated from two blood cultures of a 52-year-old patient with chronic hepatitis, pancytopenia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria who had been hospitalised because of septic temperatures and chills. The serum-agglutinin titre was 1:10.000 both against the isolated strain and a reference strain (MyO; serotype 3). The titre had decreased to 1:2.500 and 1:640, respectively, in serum samples taken ten and 40 days later. The causative organism was not isolated from stool specimens, but the patient had been treated with antibiotics. Strains identical biochemically, serologically and by lysotypi-g were found in the stool specimens of the patient's wife and dog. The agglutinin titres were 1:320 in the wife and 1:20 in the dog. A son, who was living in the same house, had a negative stool culture and serology. PMID- 830527 TI - [Consent to medical interventions in patients under age]. PMID- 830528 TI - [Human adipose tissue adenylate cyclase. Model for studies of pathophysiology of catecholamine and parathormon effect]. PMID- 830529 TI - [Diagnosis in hiatal hernia and reflux disease]. PMID- 830530 TI - [Akinetic crisis--a possible form of parkinsonism]. PMID- 830531 TI - [Addison's disease]. PMID- 830532 TI - [Staying time for intrauterine devices]. PMID- 830533 TI - The effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic obesity. AB - The present study investigated the effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions and obesity. Vagotomy or sham vagotomy was performed two weeks after VMH lesions and rats were observed for 4 more weeks. Complete vagotomy reversed the VMH obesity, lowered serum insulin, lowered basal gastric acid and blocked the secretion of gastric acid after stimulation of the cervical vagus. Pair-feeding of VMH-lesioned rats without vagotomy to the food intake of vagotomized animals also reversed the obesity, lowered serum insulin and lowered basal acid secretion, but it did not prevent the rise in acid after vagal stimulation. These results suggest that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reversed the obesity of VMH lesioned rats primarily by decreasing food intake. However, there was a positive correlation (r = .70) between the level of serum insulin and basal gastric acid in VMH lesioned rats which remained significant when the effects of food intake were held constant (partial correlation coefficient = 0.449). This supports the possibility that ventromedial hypothalamic injury is followed by enhanced vagal activity and that the vagus may play an important part in the hyperinsulinemia of VMH obesity. PMID- 830534 TI - Enhanced binding affinity of chicken insulin in rat liver membranes and human lymphocytes: relationship tothe kinetic properties of the hormone- receptor interaction. AB - The binding of chicken and porcine insulins to rat liver plasma membranes was compared in steady-state and rate experiments. At steady-state, the two insulins reacted with the same complement of receptor sites, but the binding affinity of chicken insulin was about twice as high as that of porcine insulin. The chicken [125I]iodo-insulin-receptor complex dissociated at a slower rate (t 1/2 approximately equal to 26 min at 30 C) than the porcine [125I]iodo-insulin receptor complex (t1/2 approximately equal to 12 min at 30 C). Similar results, i.e., a slower dissociation rate for chicken [125I]iodo-insulin than for porcine [125I]iodo-insulin were observed also in human cultured lymphocytes, whether dissociation of [125I]iodo-insulin was studied by dilution only or by dilution plus addition of unlabeled (both homologous and heterologous) insulin.. In rat liver plasma membranes, the initial rates of binding of both insulins at 20 C or 30 C were similarly dependent on the hormone concentration, regardless of the degree of receptor site-occupancy, and did not appear to differ very greatly. The data suggest that the higher binding affinity and biological potency of chicken insulin, as compared to porcine insulin, can be accounted for mainly by a slower dissociation rate of the chicken insulin-receptor complex. PMID- 830535 TI - Response of heart rate to acute administration of isoproterenol in rats treated chronically with norethynodrel, ethinyl estradiol, and both combined. AB - Chronic (17 to 20 weeks) administration of ethinyl estradiol alone (36 mug/kg/day), and in combination (27 or 50 mug/kg/day) with several doses of norethynodrel (135, 165 or 233 mug/kg/day), attenuated the increase in heart rate accompanying acute SC administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, l isoproterenol (50 or 100 mug/kg), to female rats. Dietary administration of an oral contraceptive containing mestranol and norethynodrel (7.5 mg/kg/food) was also accompanied by an attenuated response to isoproterenol. A significant inverse linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of the dose of estrogen received by each group and either heart rate or change in heart rate measured at 10, 20 and 30 min after administration of isoproterenol. Thus, the antagonistic relationship between the dose of estrogen administered chronically and responsiveness of heart rate to a test dose of isoproterenol suggests a reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness in estrogen-treated rats. PMID- 830536 TI - Biosynthesis of neurophysin proteins in the dog and their isolation. AB - Neurophysin (Np) is generally found in close association with vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex. Dog neurophysin I and II have been isolated from fresh and frozen posterior pituitaries. The proteins were characterized on the basis of disc electrophoresis, immunological properties, amino acid composition and partial sequence determination. The amino terminal sequence of dog Np I is Ala-Ala-Leu-Asp-Leu-Asp-Val-Arg-Gln-Cys-Leu-Pro-Cys-Gly Pro-Gly-Gly-Gln-Gly-while that of dog Np-II is Ala-Met-Ser-Asp-Leu-Glu-Leu. The dog Np I appears to be metabolically less stable than Np II. Isotope experiments with [35S]cystine or 3H-labeled amino acids using a design of "in vitro pulse and in vitro chase" as well as "in vivo pulse and in vivo chase," added further confirmation of the capability of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells to synthesize concomitantly precursors of Np and vasopressin. The radioactively labeled precursors were converted to Np-like protein and vasopressin, both of which were isolated. PMID- 830537 TI - Effects of experimentally-induced chronic hyperprolactinemia on testosterone and gonadotropin levels in male rats and mice. AB - We have examined testicular and pituitary function in inbred CD-F rats and DBA/2J mice with chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by grafting 4 anterior pituitaries from adult females of the same strain under the kidney capsule. Eight rats were given pituitary isografts and 9 were sham-operated; blood samples were collected at 4-7 week intervals, and the animals were killed 6 months later. One month after surgery, PRL levels in grafted rats were elevated (348 +/- 15 vs. 94 +/- 11 ng/ml; P less than 0.001), LH levels were depressed (16 +/- 3 vs. 59 +/- 9 ng/ml; P less than 0.001), but T levels were not affected (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). The elevated PRL levels in grafted animals did not decline during the subsequent 5 months, while LH levels increased slightly, and T levels remained indistinguishable from those in the controls. At the time of autopsy, FSH levels were reduced in grafted rats (230 +/- 40 vs. 501 +/- 108 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). Multiple pituitary isografts did not affect the weight of the testes or the ventral prostate, but increased the weight of the seminal vesicles (P less than 0.001). In 11 mice examined 5.5 months after receiving pituitary isografts, plasma PRL levels were dramatically elevated (330 +/- 35 vs. 27 +/- 2 ng/ml; P less than 0.001), but plasma T levels and testicular weight were not different from those observed in 12 sham-operated controls. The weight of the seminal vesicles in grafted mice was increased (P less than 0.01). In both rats and mice, chronic hyperprolactinemia did not affect plasma testosterone levels or testes weight and increased seminal vesicle weight. PMID- 830540 TI - Chromatographic evidence for vasotocin biosynthesis by cultured pineal ependymal cells from rat fetuses. AB - Cultured pineal ependymal cells from rat fetuses aged 17 to 19 days post-coitum release into their media a substance that has hydroosmotic, antidiuretic and rat uterine activities. Paper chromatography of concentrates from culture media demonstrates that the substance possessing all the above activities was eluted from a slow moving region (Rf 0.15-0.35) with a peak at 0.20-0.30. This region is not significantly different from the Rf of synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT) used as standard. Neither hydroosmotic nor rat uterine activities could be detected in the chromatographic eluates from the fast moving region corresponding to the Rf of synthetic oxytocin (0.55-0.65) used as standard. The chromatographic mobility of biological activities from culture media, the ratio of the activities as well as their susceptibility to tryptic digestion, demonstrates the presence of a basic peptide indistinguishable from synthetic AVT. The total amount of AVT released into the medium during 43 days of incubation is about 40 times greater than the amount contained in non-incubated pineal glands of the same age, strongly suggesting de novo synthesis of AVT. PMID- 830539 TI - Male rats with inherited insensitivity to androgen show reduced sexual behavior. AB - Pseudohermaphroditic Stanley-Gumbreck male rats showed infrequent and incomplete copulatory responses to receptive females. Administration of testosterone propionate produced no increase in this behavior. Injections of estradiol and progesterone induced the pseudohermaphrodites to exhibit lordosis when mounted by stimulus males, but feminine responses were no more frequent than those of normal males given the same hormonal treatment. The hypothesis is suggested that early in development sufficient endogenous testis hormone is produced to cause normal desensitization of feminine behavioral mechanisms to estradiol, but that mechanisms for male behavior are not normally sensitized to testosterone. PMID- 830538 TI - Estrogen formation by the ovary of the rabbit embryo. AB - The conversion of [1,2,6,7-3H]- testosterone to radioactive estradiol was assessed in tissue slices of 18 different tissues from rabbit embryos that varied in age from 16 to 29 days gestation. Significant rates of estradiol synthesis were demonstrated only in ovaries [4.2 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) pmol/h/mg) protein], placenta (0.7 +/- 0.2 pmol/h/mg protein) and brain (0.3 +/- 0.1 pmol/h/mg protein). Estradiol formation was undetectable in day 16 gonads of both sexes and in tests at all ages examined, but by day 18 it was demonstrable in ovaries and rose rapidly to reach a level of 6 pmol/h/mg protein by day 19. The time of appearance of the enzymatic capacity to convert testosterone to estradiol in the ovary is similar to the onset of the enzymatic capacity to form testosterone by the fetal testis, suggesting that the acquisition of the enzymatic activies that allow specific endocrine function by these two tissues may be regulated by the same or similar factors during embryonic development. PMID- 830541 TI - Audiogenic seizures in rats after severe prenatal and perinatal iodine depletion. PMID- 830542 TI - The effect of hypothalamic deafferentation on somatostatin-like activity in the rat brain. AB - Somatostatin-like activity (SLA) was determined by radioimmunoassay in several brain regions of animals which had either undergone complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus or a sham-operation. Surgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus caused this region to lose most of its SLA, but did not affect activity elsewhere. Similarly, partial (frontal) deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus resulted in a substantial decrease in SLA there. PMID- 830543 TI - The aromatization of androgens by primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus. AB - Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus. Three times more estrone is produced from 19-hydroxyandrostenedione than from androstenedione in four day incubations. Cultures treated with cytosine arabinoside have 50% less cellular protein and produce three times more estrone from either substrate than untreated cultures. Time course experiments using cultures treated with cytosine arabinoside indicate that aromatization of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione is linear for three days and can be quantitatively measured within the first two to eight hours of incubation. PMID- 830544 TI - Reduction in plasma vasopressin levels of dehydrated rats following acute stress. AB - The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (pAVP) is described. Using this assay, the levels of vasopressin were determined in the plasma of nondehydrated and dehydrated rats after exposure to ether or acceleration stress. Plasma AVP was also determined in rats following nicotine administration. Nondehydrated rats showed no significant changes in pAVP 1, 2, 5, or 15 min after exposure to ether for 1 min. Dehydrated rats, on the other hand, had significantly reduced pAVP after exposure to ether. One group (180-220 g) showed a decline in pAVP of 27% at 2 min (P less than 0.05) and and 47% at 5 min (P less than 0.001) after stress. In a group of larger animals (350-400 g), pAVP levels were reduced by 55% at 1 min (P less than 0.05) and 72% at 2 min (P less than 0.01) after ether stress. A third group (250-300 g) also had significantly reduced pAVP values of 57% (P less than 0.01) 5 min after ether stress but not at 15 min. Nondehydrated rats which were centriguated at -4.1 Gx for 5, 15 or 120 min showed no significant alterations in pAVP. No decrease in pAVP was observed in dehydrated rats centrifugated for 5 min; after 120 min of centrifugation, mean pAVP was reduced by 40% (P less than 0.02) when compared to be noncentrifugated controls. In contrast to either ether or acceleration stress, nicotine provoked a marked rise (P less than 0.005) in pAVP 10 min after injection. From these results it was concluded that ether or acceleration stress does not evoke an increase in the pAVP levels of rats, and furthermore, in dehydrated rats, these stressors will produce a significant decline in pAVP. PMID- 830545 TI - The culture of pig oocytes in minimal medium, and the influence of progesterone and estradiol-17beta on meiotic maturation. AB - Pig oocytes, with (intact) or without (denuded) adhering granulosa cells, were cultured for 33 to 35 h in minimal culture media containing bovine serum albumin and either progesterone or estradiol-17beta or both steroids. The incidence of maturation for intact oocytes in minimal medium was comparable, if not superior, to that observed by other investigators using complex culture media. No statistically significant stimulation of maturation by progesterone was observed for either intact or denuded oocytes. Estradiol-17beta at concentrations of 1.0 and 10.0 mug per ml inhibited the maturation of denuded oocytes, but the inhibition was overcome either by including progesterone in the medium or by subsequently culturing the inhibited oocytes in steriod-free medium. Chromosomal examination of air-dried oocytes indicated that intact and denuded oocytes cultured either in progesterone or estradiol-17beta exhibited an increased incidence of diploidy and hyperhaploidy at telophase I and metaphase II, but that oocytes cultured in media containing both progesterone and estradiol showed a higher incidence of normal haploidy than did control oocytes. PMID- 830546 TI - The effect of thyroid hormone on in vitro rat liver mitochondrial RNA synthesis. AB - Liver mitochondrial preparations from normal, thyroidectomized, and triiodothyronine-treated thyroidectomized rats were assayed for in vitro RNA synthetic activity. Thyroidectomized rat mitochondrial preparations incorporated UTP into RNA at 70% the rate of normal control preparations. Mitochondrial preparations from triiodothyronine-treated thyroidectomized rats incorporated UTP at rates 35%-45% greater than those of sham-injected thyroidectomized rats. These differences were statistically significant and could not be attributed to inequalities in mitochondrial sampling, dilution of labeled precursor specific activity, nucleotide substrate concentrations, or differences in ribonuclease activities. PMID- 830547 TI - Nuclear binding and retention of the receptor estrogen complex: relation to the agonistic and antagonistic properties of estriol. AB - The relationship between nuclear retention or residency or receptor estrogen complexes and the agonistic and antagonistic properties of estriol was examined. Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (Rc) and uterine weight were measured 24 and 48 h after treatment with estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), or or both hormones (E2 and E3). Levels of Rc were elevated in all groups at either time. Since levels of Rc were above control in each case, Rc does not appear to be the limiting factor in the antagonistic effect of estriol. Therefore, the effect of these steroids on translocation and retention of nuclear receptor estrogen complexes (RnE) was examined. Rats were injectd as above and RnE measured by 3[H] estradiol exchange 1, 3, and 6 h after injection. All treatments cause equal translocation of receptor of the nuclear compartment. However, by 6 h the quantity of Rn present in E2 treated animals was significantly above controls while that in E2 + E3 animals was intermediate. E3 alone failed to cause significant nuclear retention of Rn. These patterns of retention correlate with the weight and cytoplasmic receptor responses above and suggest that the short nuclear residency time of RnE3 complexes relates to the antagonism of E3. To test this, these estrogens were administered via paraffin pellets to maintain blood levels of each hormone. Levels of Rn were elevated 24 and 48 h after implant with no significant differences between treatment groups. Likewise, there were no differences in the growth response. Uterine weights were highly stimulated in all three cases (300% above control). These results indicate that E3 acts as an estrogen antagonist when injected as a bolus because of the short nuclear retention time of RnE3 complexes. However, when E3 is present continuously and RnE3 is elevated and maintained, E3 is a potent estrogen without antagonistic properties. PMID- 830548 TI - Malnutrition and mental development. PMID- 830549 TI - Secondary Science Information. PMID- 830550 TI - Optical conformation of heparin and heparin complexes with cationic dyes, amines and protein models. PMID- 830551 TI - NMR spectroscopy of heparin. PMID- 830552 TI - Pharmacology training in schools of veterinary medicine. PMID- 830554 TI - Undergraduate pharmacological training programs applicable to agricultural science majors. AB - Undergraduate training programs leading to degrees in pharmacology or toxicology do not exist on most university campuses. Agricultural science students who may ultimately use large quantities of herbicides, pesticides, and other agricultural products may obtain degrees without any exposure to the disciplines of pharmacology or toxicology; some reasons for this are discussed. The design and implementation of some courses suited to the qualifications of most undergraduate agricultural science majors are outlined. In general, a blend of lectures, discussions, and student presentations facilitates adequate presentation of the course material. Specific suggestions for student term projects are mentioned. Some of the available textbooks suitable for undergraduate courses of this type are very briefly discussed. It is suggested that in order to educate nonacademic users of agricultural chemicals, pharmacologists and toxicologists may have to work closely with both industry and those closer to the agricultural community such as county agricultural extension agents and farm youth organizations. PMID- 830553 TI - The need for comparative pharmacologists in industrial and academic research. AB - Comparative pharmacologists solidly trained in the principles of modern pharmacology, comparative biology, and comparative medicine are needed in various facets of drug research. Although this type of training would ideally be obtained in the professional medical environment of a veterinary college, the discipline of pharmacology has been neglected in these schools and must be upgraded by staffing and funding before quality training programs can be established. An interim solution would be to offer postgraduate training in comparative pharmacology and medicine at selected veterinary schools. Trainees would be recruited from pharmacology centers of excellence in medical or pharmacy schools. We assume that some of these trainees wound join veterinary school faculties and eventually establish quality Ph.DTRAINING PROGRAMS IN COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AT THEIR INSTITUTIONS. Comparative pharmacologists trained in these pre- or postdoctoral programs would be valuable additions to any team responsible for evaluating the safety and efficacy of drugs or chemicals in man or animals. PMID- 830555 TI - Studies on the mechanism of heparin action by modification of its structure. PMID- 830556 TI - Interaction of heparin with thrombin and antithrombin III. PMID- 830557 TI - Heparins: varying effects on cell proliferation in vitro and lack of correlation with anticoagulant activity. PMID- 830558 TI - Heparin-lipoprotein lipase interactions. PMID- 830559 TI - Probable physiologic functions of heparin. PMID- 830560 TI - Effect of alpha-L-iduronate conformation on the molecular shape of heparin. PMID- 830561 TI - Polysaccharide-polypeptide systems as models for heparin interactions. PMID- 830562 TI - Determination of free and total insulin and C-peptide in insulin-treated diabetics. AB - Serum levels of free and total insulin as well as total C-peptide immunoreactivity (C-peptide and proinsulin) and C- peptide were measured in insulin-treated diabetics with circulating insulin antibodies by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) before and after acidification. PEG resulted in complete precipitation of insulin antibodies from serum and made it possible to measure free insulin in the supernatant. Incubation of serum at 37 degrees C. for two hours before addition of PEG resulted in values for free insulin that probably resembled the in-vivo levels most closely. The same method could also be used to remove proinsulin bound to circulating insulin antibodies and permitted the measurement of C-peptide in the supernatant. Clinical studies using this approach indicate that combined measurements of serum free and total insulin and C-peptide provide information that is helpful in understanding the contribution of endogenous and exogenous insulin to the course and metabolic control of insulin-requiring diabetic patients. PMID- 830563 TI - Abnormalities of endogenous glucagon and insulin in unstable diabetes. AB - The responses of glucagon, growth hormone, and insulin secretion to the oral administration of glucose and to the intravenous infusion of saline, arginine, and insulin were measured in seven patients who had stable diabetes, eight who had unstable diabetes, and seven healthy volunteers. Hyperglycemia suppressed secretion of glucagon in normal subjects but not in diabetics. The oral glucose and arginine infusion tests demonstrated partial preservation of insulin secretory ability in stable diabetics and its virxual absence in unstable diabetics. Glucagon responses to arginine infusion were similar in all three groups. In response to hypoglycemia induced by insulin infusion, the concentrations of plasma glucagon increased in normal subjects and, to a lesser extent, in stable diabetics but increased in only two of the unstable diabetics. The impairment in glucagon response during hypoglycemia in diabetics correlated positively with the degree of diabetic instability and insulin deficiency during glucose and arginine testing. The severity of the insulin deficiency also correlated with the degree of diabetic instability. These findings support the hypothesis that inherent abnormalities of insulin and glucagon secretion may account for many of the clinical characteristics of unstable and stable diabetic patients. PMID- 830564 TI - Cigarette smoking and diabetic retinopathy. AB - A sample of 181 diabetics with diabetic retinopathy was statistically investigated with regard to association of smoking with proliferative retinopathy. The numbers of patients with proliferative retinopathy rose with increasing tobacco consumption. In non-smokers no association existed between diabetes duration and proliferative retinopathy, but in smokers the number with proliferative retinopathy rose with increasing diabetes duration. PMID- 830565 TI - Measurement of antidiabetic sulfonylureas in serum by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - A method is described for measurement of chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and the tolbutamide metabolites hydroxymethyltolbutamide and carbotytolbutamide in blood. It consists of formation of the thermally stable methyl-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide, and the methyl-heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of hydroxymethyltolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide, which are then analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography. Measurements of blood levels of the compounds with this method have been verified by quantitation of the same samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the mass fragmentography mode. Blood level values and beta-phase half-time disappearance rates of chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, hydroxymethyltolbutamide, and carboxytolbutamide were measured in normal volunteers following an oral dose of chlorpropamide or tolbutamide. Blood levels of the four compounds were also determined in a few diabetics receiving continuous daily treatment. PMID- 830566 TI - Evaluation of diabetes patient-education programs. AB - Patient education is generally regarded as an essential component of the clinical management of diabetes. However, analysis of the role of patient education in diabetes control has been limited. Formal patient teaching programs at several medical centers range in operation from merely providing knowledge about diabetes to integrating patient education into the chronic health care system. Improvements in knowledge about diabetes have been demonstrated with patients who have been given questionnaires before and after instruction, but changes in diabetes control and other clinical parameters have not necessarily followed. In those cases in which patient education has been a part of a comprehensive improvement in the entire clinical management of diabetes, significant decreases in rates of hospitalization and acute complications have occurred. Guidelines for future evaluations are discussed. PMID- 830567 TI - Effect of somatostatin on meal-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretions in dogs. AB - The effect of exogenously administered somatostatin (SRIF) on meal-stimulated secretions of the exocrine pancreas was studied in dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas. Dogs were fed 600 gm. of raw meat, and pacreatic output of water, bicarbonate, and protein was measured. Bicarbonate and protein secretions rose markedly postfeeding in all control animals. Four hundred micrograms or 100 mug. of SRIF infused for one hour together with a meal completely prevented the postfeeding rise in pancreatic secretions. SRIF (100 mug./hr.) infused one hour after a meal suppressed pancreatic secretions to basal levels within 30 minutes. Pancreatic secretions rose promptly after discontinuation of SRIF in all dogs. These data indicate (1) SRIF completely prevents pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme responses when given together with a meal; (2) it completely suppresses already initiated pancreatic responses when given one hour after a meal; (3) 100 mug. of SRIF is as effective as 400 mug. in suppressing the postprandial rise in pancreatic secretions. We conclude that SRIF severely interferes with pancreatic secretions during normal alimentation and that this observation should be considered if SRIF is to be used as a therapeutic agent. PMID- 830569 TI - Gastric emptying of solid food in normal man and after subtotal gastrectomy and truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. AB - Alterations in gastric emptying are considered contributory to many sequelae of peptic ulcer surgery. The application of a validated method of firmly tagging solid food has enabled the measurement of the rates and patterns of gastric emptying in normal subjects, subtotal gastrectomy, and vagotomy and pyloroplasty (V&P). Normal persons emptied with a linear pattern at a mean rate of 27.96% per hr. Subtotal gastrectomy patients showed up to three phases in their emptying pattern, which, over all, approximated an exponential pattern with a mean rate constant of 0.030 min-1 and calculated t1/2 of 23.3 min. V&P subjects divided into two groups: (1) slow emptying with a linear pattern and mean rate of 17.64% per hr; (2) rapid emptying with exponential pattern and mean rate constant of 0.039 min-1, t1/2 of 17.7 min. The slow gastric emptying rate and slow passage of chyme through the small intestine in one-half of the V&P group presumably allows greater efficiency of digestion and absorption and may account for the over-all less severe nutritional disturbances after V&P. PMID- 830568 TI - Gastric emptying of liquid meals and pancreatic and biliary secretion after subtotal gastrectomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in man. AB - Pancreatic and biliary secretion and gastric emptying rates of a liquid test meal (LTM) were determined in normal persons, in patients with subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (STG-BI) or with gastrojejunostomy (STG-BII), and in patients with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (V&P). In all operated persons, rapid gastric emptying diluted intraluminal contents, with consequent abnormally low concentrations of trypsin and bile salts initially, a pattern that was not corrected by addition of intravenous hormones to the meal stimulus. Trypsin output in V&P's after the LTM was significantly depressed to 40% of normal, but was normal in the STG groups. The delay in reaching normal values for trypsin and bile salt concentrations, was more marked in STG-BII owing to sequestration of secretions in the afferent loop. The low luminal concentrations of digestive secretions for the first 60 to 80 min after a LTM are therefore attributable to rapid gastric emptying in all operated groups, and in V&P to a depressed pancreatic enzyme response also. In STG-BII, afferent loop sequestration exaggerates the delay in attainment of normal intraluminal concentrations. The combined disturbance in STG-BII produces greater abnormalities than seen in STG BI. PMID- 830570 TI - Influence of parietal cell vagotomy and selective gastric vagotomy on gastric emptying rate and serum gastrin concentration. AB - Gastric emptying of a solid meal and serum gastrin concentration were studied in 26 patients with duodenal ulcer disease before and after parietal cell vagotomy (PCV), selective gastric vagotomy with drainage (SGV + D), or parietal cell vagotomy with drainage. PCV had no significant effect on gastric emptying rate, whereas emptying was significantly delayed after SGV + D. The integrated gastrin output 60 to 300 min after the test meal was insignificantly altered after PCV, but significantly increased after SGV + D. It is concluded that the drainage procedure did not normalize the disturbed gastric emptying after SGV. The prolonged hypergastrinemia period after food stimulation may reflect stasis. PMID- 830571 TI - Emergence of diverticular disease in the urban South African black. AB - A low residue, fiber-deficient diet has been postulated as the cause of diverticular disease--the commonest affliction of the colon in the Western nations. This condition is virtually unknown in Africans (blacks) who live south of the Sahara, and who have not changed their traditional high residue diet. This paper presents 16 Africans with diverticular disease. A disturbing feature is that 5 of the patients are young, being in their fourth decade, and only 4 are over the age of 60. Their dietary history confirms the hypothesis as to the etiology, and also shows that the urbanization of the South African black has been accompanied by the emergence of diverticular disease, a condition higherto virtually nonexistent in this population. PMID- 830572 TI - Yersinia enteritis and enterocolitis: gastroenterological aspects. AB - The clinical, radiological, and endoscopic aspects of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in man were studied in a group of 37 adult patients observed in a 4 year period in a single gastrointestinal unit. The diagnosis was based on isolation of the bacterium in all but 1 patient. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the most prominent symptoms, occurring in 80% of the patients. A syndrome simulating appendicitis was observed in 40%. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis varied from 1 or 2 weeks in 32 patients to several months in 5. On radiological examination the terminal ileum was involved over a distance of 10 to 20 cm in 21 of 24 patients. A coarse, irregular, or nodular mucosal pattern and pictures suggestive of ulcerations were the most prominent and early radiological signs. Endoscopic observations in 13 patients with marked diarrhea showed signs of colitis in 6 and aphthoid ulcers in 2 patients. On pathological examination, ulcerations and a nonspecific acute inflammatory cell infiltrate were observed. Although treatment with tetracycline or chloramphenicol resulted in 4 to 6 weeks in the disappearance of most symptoms and signs, pictures of "follicular ileitis" persisted for several months. PMID- 830573 TI - Role of the placenta in intestinal absorption of iron in pregnant rats. AB - Intestinal uptake (U) and transport (T) of a 40-mug dose of 59Fe from an isolated duodenal loop has been shown to increase from day 15 of pregnancy until term in the rat. U, 60.4 +/- 4.3%, and T, 44.0 +/- 4.6%, were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than control values, which were 31.6 +/- 3.6% and 18.9 +/- 1.8%, respectively, and resembled those in nonpregnant iron-deficient rats. Eighteen hours before the increase in absorption there was a rapid fall in the t1/2 of 59Fe in maternal serum to 37.2 +/- 3.4 min (control, 72.1 +/- 2.4 min). Hysterectomy at day 20 to 21 of pregnancy resulted in a rise in t1/2 59Fe within 5 hr to 58.0 +/- 4.7%, followed by a fall in U and T to a degree comparable to that in rats studied 18 hr postpartum. Fetectomy had no significant effect on U, 63.8 +/- 2.7%, T, 34.7 +/- 3.4%, or t1/2 59Fe, 27.8 +/- 2.5 min, when compared with corresponding values in day 20 to 21 pregnant rats. The results indicate the importance of placental iron uptake in the control of iron absorption during the 3rd week of pregnancy. PMID- 830574 TI - Effect of Nissen fundoplication on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure of children with gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Nine children (age range, 5 weeks to 13 years) with gastroesophageal reflux unresponsive to medical management were evaluated with esophageal manometry studies before and after Nissen fundoplications were performed. All patients had a postoperative increase in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. The mean preoperative LES pressure was 11.3 mm Hg and the mean postoperative pressure was 22.3 mm Hg. The mean LES pressure increase after surgery was 10.9 mm Hg (range: 5.3 to 22.5 mm Hg). All patients ceased vomiting immediately after surgery and have gained weight at a rate greater than that expected for their age. PMID- 830575 TI - Onset of cell proliferation in the shortened gut. Colonic hyperplasia after ileal resection. AB - Cytokinetics in colonic mucosa were studied after ileal resection in young female rats. The RNA content of the transverse colon was increased 32% after 7 days; after 14 days the increase was present throughout the colon. The DNA content of the ascending colon increased 29% after 10 days. Specific activity of DNA labeled with [3H-methyl]thymidine was elevated 29% in the ascending colon and elevated 49% in the descending colon on the 7th postoperative day. Colonic cell proliferation is stimulated within 1 week of ileal resection. PMID- 830576 TI - Onset of cell proliferation in the shortened gut. Rapid hyperplasia after jejunal resection. AB - Early manifestations of cell proliferation were studied in the large and small bowel of young female rats after resection of the proximal one-third of the small bowel. On the 2nd day after resection, the absolute amounts of RNA and DNA increased in gut distal to the resection. As compared with values from sham resected gut, nucleic acid levels in much of the distal small bowel and colon increased. Increased specific activity in DNA after injection of [3H]thymidine was present in the small bowel on the 2nd day. Changes were marked and persistent in midgut for 10 days, tending to be less intense and of shorter duration in segments progressively more distal. Compensatory cell proliferation in midgut occurs within 2 days of jejunectomy. PMID- 830577 TI - Isoniazid-rifampin fulminant hepatitis. A possible consequence of the enhancement of isoniazid hepatotoxicity by enzyme induction. AB - The authors report 6 cases of fulminant hepatitis in patients treated with isoniazid and rifampin. In 4 of these patients, the treatment had been started within 3 days after a general anesthesia. The course of the disease was remarkably similar in all 6 patients: (1) the time interval from the beginning of the isoniazid-rifampin administration to the onset of jaundice was 6 to 10 days; (2) disorders of consciousness appeared less than 3 days after the onset of jaundice; (3) serum transaminases were 26 to 80 times the upper limit of normal; (4) the main liver lesion was centrilobular necrosis; (5) hypersensitivity manifestations were absent; (6) all 6 patients recovered. Fulminant hepatitis might be attributable to a hepatotoxic metabolite of isoniazid, the production of which would be attributable to a hepatotoxic metabolite of isoniazid, the production of which would be increased as a consequence of the enzyme-inducing effect of rifampin and, possibly, other drugs administered for general anesthesia. PMID- 830578 TI - Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B. Secondary attack rates in household contacts. AB - In order to define the hazard of household exposure to patients with acute hepatitis B, in the absence of persistent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg), 98 household contacts of 42 patients with the acute disease were interviewed and tested for HBSAg, antibody to HBSAg (anti-HBS), and serum transaminases shortly after identification and at 3-month intervals for at least 12 months. Most of the index cases with acute hepatitis B were young men and many had used illicit drugs parenterally before the onset of illness. Three of the household contacts had HBSAg detected on initial testing, and 2 of these were carriers with elevated serum transaminase levels. The 3rd HBSAg-positive contact developed acute hepatitis within 2 weeks. This appeared to represent a coprimary infection. Fourteen contacts had anti-HBS on initial evaluation and were considered immune as a result of prior experience with hepatitis B. Of 81 susceptible contacts (neither HBSAg nor anti-HBS on initial screening), 13 were spouses or sexual partners and 2 of these developed acute hepatitis B at 4 and 6 months after the onset of illness in their respective index cases; another developed anti-HBS at 6 months. Thus, 3 (23%) of 13 exposed spouses or sexual partners developed evidence of hepatitis B infection during the surveillance period. In contrast, no evidence of hepatitis B infection related to household exposure was found in 68 parents, siblings, and other domestic contacts. These data confirm the contagiousness of hepatitis B for household contacts of acute cases and suggest that the risk is confined to spouses and sexual partners. These persons appear to be prime candidates for prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin. PMID- 830579 TI - Serum lipids, insulin, and glucagon after portacaval shunt in cirrhosis. AB - The cholesterol-lowering effect of portacaval anastomosis in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia suggested a study of lipid metabolism in cirrhotic patients after portasystemic anastomoses. Fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucagon levels were obtained in 20 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portacaval anastomosis, and in 21 nonshunted subjects with cirrhosis. After 100 g of glucose, given orally, insulin and glucagon levels were measured. In the shunted patients serum cholesterol was higher than in the nonshunted subjects, 240 +/- 15 mg per 100 ml (mean +/- 1 SEM) versus 180 +/- 13 mg per 100 ml, P less than 0.01. Triglycerides were normal in both groups. Fasting insulin was elevated to a greater extent in the shunted patients with cirrhosis (36 +/- 5 muU per ml) than in the nonshunted patients (22 +/- 4 muU per ml), P less than 0.05. Two hours after glucose, insulin levels were also elevated to a greater extent in the shunted subjects (304 +/- 50 muU per ml) than in the nonshunted subjects (167 +/- 29 muU per ml), P less than 0.03. Fasting glucagon (corrected for interference factor) was elevated to a greater extent in the shunted subjects (204 +/- 35 pg per ml) than in the nonshunted subjects (80 +/- 19 pg per ml), P less than 0.01. The explanation for serum cholesterol elevation after surgical shunting in cirrhotics is unknown. Two possible hypotheses--the differential action of insulin and glucagon on cholesterol metabolism and the effects of shunting on the cirrhotic liver--are discussed. PMID- 830580 TI - An 125I radioimmunoassay for primary conjugated bile salts. AB - Cholylglycylhistamine, a derivative of cholic acid, has been synthesized and characterized. This derivative has been iodinated using Na125I and chloramine-T and purified free from unlabeled cholylglycylhistamine. Application of this iodinated bile salt derivative to radioimmunoassay of bile salts in human serum is reported. Antibody titers have uniformly increased over titers used in tritium based assays; some antibodies are usable in dilutions of 1:80,000. The radioimmunoassay described here was found to measure predominantly the primary conjugated bile salts. Sensitivity has been maintained, with the least detectable amount being 0.5 pmoles per assay tube. Normal values in human serum are 3.47 +/- 2.16 (SD) nmoles per ml. PMID- 830581 TI - Stimulation of bilirubin formation in liver of newborn rats by fasting and glucagon. AB - Fasting in newborn Gunn rats caused an increase in serum bilirubin concentration and in liver bilirubin concentration and specific activity, and a significant stimulation of the heme catabolic enzyme, heme oxygenase, in liver. Treatment with glucagon enhanced conversion of newly formed endogenously prelabeled hepatic heme to bilirubin, with subsequent transfer of pigment to the circulation. Activity of heme oxygenase was increased in liver of hormone-treated newborns. These findings suggest that degradation of hemes from nonerythroid sources may play a role in hyperbilirubinemia association of hemes from nonerythroid sources may play a role in hyperbilirubinemia assiciated with hypoglycemia and caloric deficiency in newborn infants, and may contribute to elevated serum bilirubin levels in fasting adults. PMID- 830582 TI - Intravenous miconazole in the treatment of chronic esophageal candidiasis. AB - Intravenous miconazole monotherapy for 3 weeks cured a 67-year-old patient with a 2-year history of esophageal candidiasis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from this patient demonstrated impaired phagocytic capacity for Candida albicans. PMID- 830583 TI - Tetracycline-induced pleural symphysis for recurrent hydrothorax complicating cirrhosis. A new approach to treatment. AB - Two patients with cirrhosis and ascites complicated by extensive unilateral pleural transudates refractory to therapy with dietary sodium restriction, diuretics, and repeated thoracentesis were successfully managed by tetracycline induced pleural symphysis. The intrapleural instillation of this antibiotic prevented the recurrence of the effusion and substantially relieved the patients' symptoms with minimal undesirable side effects. PMID- 830584 TI - Occurrence of an adenocarcinoma at the choledochoenteric anastomosis 14 years after pancreatoduodenectomy for benign disease. AB - A 35-year-old man underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy for what proved to be chronic pancreatitis. He did well until 14 years later, when he presented with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice. At laparotomy, an adenocarcinoma was found in fibrous tissue obstructing the choledochoenteric anastomosis. The exact origin of the tumor, from pancreas or biliary tract, could not be ascertained. This case points out the difficulties in attempting to diagnose the etiology of jaundice in a patient who has had a pancreatoduodenectomy without doing a laparotomy. The importance of this diagnosis lies in the known occurrence of benign strictures at the choledochojejunostomy site after a pancreatoduodenectomy. PMID- 830585 TI - Intermittent jaundice: a rare complication of a solitary nonparasitic liver cyst. AB - A case of a solitary nonparasitic liver cyst, presenting with intermittent jaundice, is described in a 61-year-old female. Twice during the condition's 19 month course deep jaundice developed, spontaneously subsiding to a state of mild icterus. Diagnosis was suggested by ultrasonography and scintigraphy, whereas retrograde cholangiography and arteriography did not contribute. At laparotomy a single large benign multilocular cyst was partially removed. PMID- 830586 TI - Hypoglycemia secondary to metastases to the liver. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 76-year-old man presented with hypoglycemic coma associated with metastatic liver disease. Serum immunoreactive insulin excluded insulinoma as a cause of hypoglycemia. Negative glucose responses to glucagon and epinephrine testing indicated failure of compensatory glycogenolysis. The patient's increased glucose requirements of 500 g per 24 hr were reduced to normal only after shrinkage of the liver tumor bulk was accomplished with chemotherapy. Hepatic hypoglycemia is discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 830588 TI - Does nonopacification of the gallbladder always mean gallbladder disease. PMID- 830587 TI - Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy and gallstone removal. AB - Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy was attempted in 265 patients. The procedure was successful in 243 patients (92%). Indications for sphincterotomy were: 185 patients with choledocholithiasis, 52 patients with papillary stenosis, and 6 patients with ampullary carcinoma. The clinical and biochemical evidence of cholestasis resolved in 222 of the 243 successful patients (91%). Complications consisting of hemorrhage, perforation, pancreatitis, cholangitis, and instrumental injury resulted in three deaths, an over-all mortality of 1.2%. Emergency laparotomy was required in 6 cases (2.5%). Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is a relatively safe and effective means of relieving certain instances of extrahepatic cholestasis. The complication and mortality rates appear lower than those with equivalent conventional surgical techniques. PMID- 830589 TI - Is digestive disease a man's world. PMID- 830590 TI - Gastroesophageal prolapse. PMID- 830591 TI - Isoamylase analysis. PMID- 830592 TI - Distinct mechanisms for stimulation of intestinal secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and glucagon. PMID- 830593 TI - "Normal" LES pressure. PMID- 830594 TI - Is LES enough?--an answer. PMID- 830595 TI - Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by electric stimulation of the vagal nerves. AB - The concentration of immunoreactive VIP was measured in portal venous and peripheral arterial plasma in anesthetized pigs. Following electric stimulation of the vagal nerves the median concentration of VIP in portal plasma rose from 21 to 58 pmol l-1 and a simultaneous increase was found in arterial plasma. Atropine did not abolish this effect of vagal stimulation. The response is interpreted as increased release of VIP. PMID- 830596 TI - The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on human jejunal water and electrolyte transport. AB - Using a triple-lumen gut perfusion technique, the net flux of water and electrolytes in the jejunum of 5 healthy volunteers was measured before, during and after an intravenous infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). The dose of GIP used (1 mug/min for 30 mins) has previously been shown to raise serum GIP levels to physiological levels achieved in normal subjects after a meal. During GIP infusion, net water Na, K, and HCO3 absorption was significantly reduced and chloride flux was switched from absorption to secretion when compared to pre- and post-GIP control periods (p less than 0.001). PMID- 830597 TI - Replacing the aortic valve during the ninth decade of life. PMID- 830598 TI - Legislative action-the needed first step in strengthening faculty and curricula. PMID- 830599 TI - Is training in geriatric medicine being neglected? PMID- 830600 TI - Keeping employment gates open to the older worker. PMID- 830601 TI - How painting can be used as a clinical tool. PMID- 830602 TI - Detecting the early stages of osteomalacia with the intravenous vitamin D test. AB - Studies of calcium levels in 400 elderly patients in a hospital geriatric unit showed that many patients (42 percent) had hypocalcemia when referred to the unit and that the incidence of hypocalcemia rises proportionately with advancing age; however, in men, the frequency decreases after age 90. Although hypocalcemia is caused by vitamin D deficiency in a number of patients, in most it is caused by malnutrition. The intravenous vitamin D tests is a simple and reliable procedure for differentiating hypocalcemia due to specific vitamin D deficiency from that due to other causes. We suggest that a 15 percent rise in the serum phosphate level after the intravenous administration of 40,000 units of vitamin D3 indicates the presenceof osteomalacia. Little is known about the sequence of development of detectable bone changes and disturbance of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels in the natural course of osteomalacia. Early treatment of osteomalacia is simple and very rewarding. No effort should be spared in detecting it as soon as possible. PMID- 830603 TI - What is "normal" blood pressure in the aged? AB - Blood pressure was studied in two groups of institutionalized subjects ranging in age from 50 to over 100 years. The first group comprised 199 selected normal subjects; subjects with any disease, including systemic hypertension, were excluded. The second group consisted of 947 unselected subjects; those with acute illness were excluded. In the first group, systolic pressure increased slightly, but diastolic pressure did not change with increasing age. The blood pressures were still within the limits that were considered normal for younger persons. In the second group, both the systolic and the diastolic pressures progressively decreased with age, so that the former fell below normal limits. PMID- 830604 TI - Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract is feasible and safe in elderly patients. PMID- 830605 TI - Does advance age limit the usefulness of CEA assays? PMID- 830607 TI - Price indexes in the hospital industry. PMID- 830606 TI - What decreasing renal function means to aging patients. PMID- 830608 TI - Reimbursement system must recognize real costs. PMID- 830609 TI - Internal audit function can improve health care delivery. PMID- 830610 TI - OD: coping with change. PMID- 830611 TI - Using supportive personnel to improve patient care. PMID- 830612 TI - Clinical pharmacy services in mental health facilities. AB - The needs for clinical pharmacy services in mental health facilities have been identified, and a general, applicable role model description, which already is in practice across the country, has been given. Examples of implementation methods for institutions and for ambulatory care facilities have been described. Many pharmacists, particularly more recent graduates, already possess the skills necessary to provide clinical services in mental health facilities. These developments signal an end to the developmental phase of clinical mental health pharmacy practice and a beginning to the implementation phase of clinical mental health pharmacy practice. PMID- 830613 TI - Toward a hospital policy on drug abuse patients. PMID- 830614 TI - To the Constitution: a bicentennial tribute. PMID- 830615 TI - Headache rounds: Scarlet scars before headache. PMID- 830616 TI - Abnormal CT-Scans in migraine. PMID- 830617 TI - Motrin--a new agent for the symptomatic treatment of muscle contraction headache. PMID- 830618 TI - Migraine therapy with heparin: pathophysiologic basis. PMID- 830619 TI - Changes in blood clotting systems during migraine attacks. PMID- 830620 TI - Frontalis EMG response to stress in subjects with frequent muscle-contraction headaches. PMID- 830621 TI - A new treatment for headache: pathophysiologic considerations. PMID- 830622 TI - Headache in general practice. PMID- 830623 TI - Genetics of migraine. PMID- 830624 TI - Cytofluorometric quantification of the activity and reaction kinetics of acid phosphatase. AB - This paper describes how fluorogenic substrates derived from naphthol AS can be used for the microscopic demonstration and cytofluorometric quantification of the activity and reaction kinetics of acid phosphatase in single living cells. A special study has been made of acid naphthol AS-BI phosphatase. However, the method can be extended to other hydrolytic enzymes. The method is sensitive and accurate because: quantification of very low enzyme activity is possible; the reaction kinetics can be evaluated with a good degree of precision inasmuch as the initial reaction velocity is derived over short times; there is an absence of distributional error; and the errors due to extra-cellular diffusion of the hydrolysed substrate, to photodecomposition, and to autofluorescence can be contained within very narrow limits. The procedures for determining enzyme activity and reaction kinetics, and the instrumental characteristics and devices required for carrying out these measurements, are described. Some possible applications are indicated. PMID- 830625 TI - Localization of acid phosphatase activity in the liver of pregnant rats. AB - In the liver of pregnant rats, fed ad libitum, there was an increase in acid phosphatase specific activity which occurred in two peaks, one at the 15th day and the other at the end of gestation. By light and electron microscopic histochemistry, the activity was found to be localized in parenchymal cell peribiliary dense bodies and also in phagosomes present in macrophages and parenchymal cells. There was an increase in liver wieght which reached a peak at the 17th day of gestation. Total DNA also rose to the 17th day; there was a high rate of cell division in the hepatic parenchyma at the 17th and 18th days of gestation. During this period single cell deletion by apoptosis was relatively frequent and in late pregnancy there was evidence of cell deletion by lysis. During pregnancy there was a slight increase in sinusoidal macrophages as a proportion of the total cell population but there did not appear to be significant changes in macrophage enzymic activity. It is suggested that the acid phosphatase activity present in macrophages makes a minor contribution to total liver activity, most of which is present in parenchymal cells. Acid phosphatase activity associated with single cell deletion appears to be quantitatively negligible. There was a direct relationship between total hepatic acid phosphatase activity and the numbers of peribiliary dense bodies, which were most numerous at the 15th day and at the end of gestation. It is suggested that these residual bodies contain products of detoxification processes and also cell structural elements resulting from enhanced liver metabolism and intracellular turnover during pregnancy. PMID- 830626 TI - The effect of increased crypt cell proliferation on the activity and subcellular localization of esterases and alkaline phosphatase in the rat small intestine. AB - The activity and ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase and esterase has been studied in normal rat intestine and after the increased crypt cell proliferation that occurs during recovery after 400 rad X-irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase activity is not present in crypt cells of normal intestine, but becomes apparent after the cell has migrated on to the villus. The enzyme is localized in the microvilli, along the lateral cell membranes and in dense bodies. Its activity increases 10 to 15-fold from the base to the tip of the villus. Morphometric analysis of the cell structures where this enzyme is localized reveals no marked changes in their relative proportions during crypt cell development. The expansion of the proliferative cell compartment along the whole length of the crypt which occurs during recovery after irradiation (72 hr after 400 rad X-irradiation) results in a marked reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lower 10-15 cell positions at the base of the villus. During subsequent migration of these cells, the activity increases with cell age but normal values are not attained. From a morphometric analysis it was found that the ultrastructural development is similar to that in controls. These results suggest that during cell maturation, normal values for alkaline phosphatase activity are only attained after 10-12 hr period of maturation in a non-proliferative state and only after the cell has migrated on to the functional villus compartment. In normal intestine, esterase activity shows a 3-fold increase from the bottom to the tip of the crypt and 3 to 4-fold increase during migration up to the middle of the villus. Enzyme activity is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, the dense bodies and the perinuclear space. Morphometric analyses reveal a 2 to 3-fold increase in the absolute size of these subcellular compartments during crypt cell differentiation and a 2-fold increase at the crypt villus junction. The relative sizes increase 1-5-fold during crypt cell differentiation and at the time of transition of the cells on to the villus. Increased crypt cell proliferation after irradiation leads to a marked decrease in esterase activity both in crypts and villi. Morphometric analyses of electron micrographs indicate that these changes in activity are not related to any changes in the subcellular structures in which the enzyme is localized. It appears that the normal development of esterase activity depends both on the functional state of the cell and its localization in the crypt or villus. PMID- 830627 TI - Evaluation of nasal culturing procedures for the control of atrophic rhinitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in swine. AB - Control of infectious atrophic rhinitis in swine breeding herds by culturing of 3 series of nasal swab specimens from each animal, with subsequent elimination of Bordetella bronchiseptica culture-positive animals, was evaluated. Thirteen of 17 (77%) B bronchiseptica-infected herds experiencing clinical atrophic rhinitis were feedic rhinitis were freed of clinical signs of the disease by the use of this nasal culturing procedure. In 15 of 23 (65%) B bronchiseptica-infected herds, pigs were cultured negative for this organism at 4 to 10 weeks of age. PMID- 830628 TI - Experience with fluorosis in cattle. PMID- 830629 TI - Veterinarians, drugs, and good faith. PMID- 830630 TI - Salmonella arizonae bacteremia in a cat. PMID- 830631 TI - Retinal dysplasia associated with skeletal abnormalities in Labrador Retrievers. AB - The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of skeletal and ocular dysplasia in 6 Labrador Retrievers were studied. Abnormalities in the appendicular skeleton included retarded growth in the radius, ulna, and tibia; ununited and hypoplastic anconeal and coronoid processes; hip dysplasia, and delayed development of epiphyses. Ocular changes were characterized by retinal dysplasia, with retinal detachment and cataract formation. Dogs from 4 litters were affected. PMID- 830632 TI - Osteochondrosis of the shoulder and stifle in 3 of 5 Border Collie littermates. PMID- 830633 TI - Polymyositis and polyarthritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus with polymyositis and polyarthritis was diagnosed in a 7-year-old female Standard Poodle. Pertinent clinical signs included extreme muscular weakness, muscle wasting, atrial fibrillation, and dysphagia due to megaesophagus. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to the megaesophagus contributed to the death of the dog. Serum muscle enzyme activities were increased. Electromyographic findings included fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, increased insertional activity, and bizarre high-frequency repetitive potentials. Histopathologic findings in skeletal muscle included myofiber necrosis and phagocytosis; regeneration of myofibers; perivascular and interstitial infiltrations of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells; and type I and II myofiber degeneration and vacuolation. PMID- 830634 TI - Clinico-pathologic conference. PMID- 830635 TI - Anatomic nomenclature: past, present, and future. PMID- 830636 TI - Octopine and nopaline metabolism in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and crown gall tumor cells: role of plasmid genes. AB - Crown gall tumors produced octopine or nopaline or neither compound, depending on the bacterial strain that incited the tumor. The genes specifying production of octopine or nopaline by the tumor were transferred to recipient bacterial strains when the large plasmid associated with virulence was transferred by either conjugation or deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation. Our results, which confirm the work of others (Bomhoff et al., 1976; Goldman et al., 1968; Petit et al., 1970), indicate that, in general, the strains that utilize octopine induce tumors that synthesize octopine, and those that utilize nopaline induce tumors that synthesize nopaline. However, there were several notable exceptions. One class utilized both octopine and nopaline, but the tumors induced by these strains produced only nopaline. Another class utilized nopaline, but their tumors synthesized neither nopaline nor octopine. Mutants were isolated from a number of either octopine- or nopaline-utilizing strains that no longer could utilize the relevant guanido amino acid. These strains, which were mutant in the gene specifying octopine or nopaline oxidase, still retained the permease for these amino acids as well as virulence. Tumors induced by these mutants still synthesized approximately the same levels of octopine and nopaline as tumors induced by their parents. These results suggest that the plasmid gene that determines production of octopine or nopaline by the tumor is distinct from the plasmid gene that determines their catabolism by the bacteria. PMID- 830638 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of auxotrophic and morphological mutants of the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, which is known to be a very effective mutagen in many systems, was used to induce mutants in the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9, an imperfect fungus. Forty-three auxotrophic and 27 prototrophic morphological mutants were isolated after treatment with 50 mug of nitrosoguanidine per ml in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 5.0. Auxotrophic mutants required primarily either amino acids, purines, or pyrimidines. Some auxotrophs were also morphological mutants. The main morphological difference from the parental strain was the texture or the color of the yeast-like colonies. Only one prototrophic morphological mutant differed in the size and form of the yeastlike cells when compared with the parental strain. Suxotrophic mutants were used in pairwise combination to attempt heterokaryon formation without success. PMID- 830637 TI - Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium. AB - The steady-state growth rate of a marine isolate was related to the concentrations of several carbon and energy source substrates when these substrates limited growth simultaneously in continuous culture. Glucose limitation was characterized by a threshold of 0.21 mg/liter for growth, a half maximal growth rate at 0.48 mg/liter, U-shaped curves in extractable pool concentration-versus-growth velocity plots, and slow maximal growth rates. Arginine addition reduced the glucose threshold to 0.008 mg/liter, more than doubled the maximal growth rate, and stabilized pool concentrations at low growth rates. Addition of a third substrate, glutamate, caused further reduction of the glucose concentration a steady state. Maximal reduction of the glucose concentration was effected by adding a mixture of 20 amino acids. Steady-state limiting nutrient concentration was dependent on the specific identity of the auxiliary nutrients and on the concentration ratio at which they were supplied. When glucose was supplemented with an equal quantity of an amino acid mixture, the external steady-state glucose remained below 10 mug/liter. When 1 mug of glucose was added to a 2.5-mg/liter amino acid mixture, at least 70% of it was consumed at steady state in spite of the threshold observed. Lack of crossover between metabolic pathways, suggested by the absence of glucose carbon in pool glutamate of arginine-glucose-grown cells, may have been partly responsible for the mixed carbon source stimulation of nutrient accumulation observed. The affinity observed is sufficient to account for normal growth at a total organic substrate concentration of only 0.11 mg/liter when supplied from a suitable mixture. PMID- 830639 TI - Absence of spermine in filamentous fungi. AB - Polyamines were examined in several yeasts and filamentous fungi. Whereas putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were present in the yeasts, spermine was not detected in any of the filamentous fungi. PMID- 830640 TI - Colcemid sensitivity of fission yeast: permeability and detoxification properties of resistant mutants. AB - Mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which were resistant to concentrations of colcemid inhibitory to the wild-type parent, were not diminished in their permeability to colcemid or colchicine. They also did not modify colcemid to a detectable derivative or to a product that was incapable of binding to brain tubulin. The resistance of these mutants was therefore via mechanisms different from those of permeability and detoxification known for animal cells. PMID- 830641 TI - Isolation and characterization of a plasmid involved with enterotoxin B production in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Genetic analysis and molecular characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was performed in a toxigenic isolate of Staphylococcus aureus strain DU4916. Elimination, transduction, and transformation experiments provided us with a series of derivatives similar except for the presence or absence of genes mediating resistance to penicillin (penr), methicillin (mecr), and tetracycline (tetr) and enterotoxin type B (SEB) production (entB+). The derivatives were examined for the presence of a plasmid species which encodes for SEB production. Two distinct species of covalently closed circular DNA of about 2.8 X 10(6) and 0.75 X 10(6) daltons were identified in an ethidium bromide-cured, penicillinase negative (pens) isolate, SN109 (mecr tetr emtB+). Further segregation of either methicillin resistance or tetracycline resistance or of both together resulted in the loss of SEB production and the disappearance of both plasmids. Transduction from strain SN109 showed that determinants for tetracycline resistance are carried by the 2.8 X 10(6) dalton plasmid. Transformation with covalently closed circular DNA from strain SN109 yielded mecs tetr entB- transformants harboring the tetracycline resistance plasmid alone and mecr tetr entB+ transformants harboring both the tetracycline resistance and the 0.75 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid. Further segregation of methicillin resistance in transformants was not associated with any change in plasmid DNA. The results indicate that a genetic determinant for SEB production is carried by the 0.75 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid. It is possible, however, that this plasmid cannot be maintained in the host independently from the tetracycline resistance plasmid. Methicillin resistance in the strains examined could not be ascribed to any of the covalently closed circular DNA components resolved in strain DU4916. PMID- 830642 TI - Geometry of cell division in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The process of division in Staphylococcus aureus was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. The organisms appeared to divide in three alternating perpendicular planes, with sister cells remaining attached to each other after division. The resulting point of attachment was usually not exactly at the point corresponding to the center of the previous septal disk. Moreover, sister cells often changed position with respect to one another while still remaining attached. These factors are apparently responsible for the irregularity of staphylococcal clumps. Studies with penicillin and the examination of thin sections in the electron microscope confirm the conclusion, based upon light microscopy, that successive divisions in S. aureus occur in perpendicular planes. PMID- 830643 TI - Biochemical study of the relationship of extracellular glucan to adherence and cariogenicity in Streptococcus mutans and an extracellular polysaccharide mutant. AB - A mutant of Streptococcus mutans, GS-5, which differed in extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced from sucrose, was used to study the role of EPS in the production of dental caries. The mutant proved to be identical to the parent strain in sugar fermentation, growth rate, and serotype. Strain GS-5 synthesized an EPS, which in electron micrographs appeared to be of fibrillar structure, whereas the mutant produced no fibrillar material but only a globular EPS. Analysis of the EPS revealed that about 30% of the glucose units in the GS-5 polymer carried (1-3)-like bonds either as branch points or as part of the linear backbone and that the mutant material contained only about 3% of these linkages. When grown in sucrose broth, the proportion of the mutant culture adherent to the glass vessel was dramatically less than that of the parent strain. Caries scores produced in conventional rats by the mutant were significantly lower than those obtained with the parent strain. Since the only difference discovered between strain GS-5 and the mutant was the inability of the mutant to synthesize either a fibrillar EPS or an EPS with more than about 3% (1-3)-like linkages, it was concluded that the fibrillar EPS of strain GS-5 contained about 30% (1-3)-like linkages and was necessary for adherence of the bacteria to surfaces and for production of dental caries in test animals. PMID- 830644 TI - Plasmids, loss of lactose metabolism, and appearance of partial and full lactose fermenting revertants in Streptococcus cremoris B1. AB - The unstable ability to metabolize lactose (lac) via the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) was examined in Streptococcus cremoris B1. The presence of functional lactose-specific PTS enzymes was correlated with the presence of a distinct plasmid species. Characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from lactose-positive (Lac+) S. cremoris B1 revealed two plasmids having molecular weights of 9 X 10(6) and 36 X 10(6). An acriflavine (BC1) induced, lactose-negative (Lac-) mutant possessed no plasmids and was devoid of all three lac-specific PTS enzymes. A Lac- mutant (DA2) isolated by growing at elevated temperatures only possessed the 9 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid and also lacked the lac PTS enzymes. A spontaneous Lac- mutant possessed both the 9 X 10(6)-and 36 X 10(6)-dalton plasmids. This mutant displayed FIII-lac and phospho-beta-D galactosidase (P-beta-gal) activity but was deficient in EII-lac activity. The spontaneous Lac- strain reverted to both full and partial lactose-fermenting phenotypes having FIII-lac, EII-lac, and P-beta-gal activities. BC1 and DA2 Lac- mutants reverted only to the partial lactose-fermenting phenotype having P-beta gal activity; EII-lac and FIII-lac activities were absent. The results indicate that the genetic determinants for EII-lac, FIII-lac, and P-beta-gal are located on the 36 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid in S. cremoris B1. Evidence for a second chromosomally associated P-beta-gal gene operating in the partial lactose fermenting revertants is also presented. PMID- 830645 TI - Isolation of a mutant TOL plasmid with increased activity and transmissibility from Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2. AB - Strains with greater ability to dissimilate m-toluate were obtained from the wild type Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 that harbors the TOL plasmid. Increased growth of a mutant strain on aromatic substrates was coupled with simultaneous increase in the activity of metapyrocatechase, an enzyme coded by the TOL plasmid, without changing its catalytic properties. In the mutant and the wild type strains, the inducer specificity and the induction kinetics of metapyrocatechase synthesis were the same, and a half-maximal effect of m-toluate on the enzyme synthesis was observed at 0.25 mM. Thus, the increased utilizability seen in a mutant strain appeared to be due to an increased quantity of the enzymes coded by the TOL plasmid. The properties of the mutant strain were dependent upon the mutation on the TOL plasmid but not on the chromosome mutation. Transfer experiments with a strain carrying the mutant TOL (TOL-H) or the wild-type TOL plasmid revealed that the TOL-H transfer was 1,000 times greater than that of the wild type. PMID- 830646 TI - Production and catabolite repression of Penicillium italicum beta-glucanases. AB - The filamentous fungus Penicillium italicum, grown in a defined liquid medium, produced beta-1,3-glucanase, which remained essentially bound to the cells, and beta-1,6-glucanase, an essentially extracellular enzyme. When glucose was depleted from the medium, when a limited concentration of glucose (0.2%) was maintained, or when the carbon source was galactose (3%) or lactose (3%), a significant increase in the specific activity of beta-1,3-glucanase, in cell extracts, took place. This was paralleled by a very slow rate of growth, and under glucose limitation, the appearance of beta-1,3-glucanase in the medium was also observed. On the other hand, when an excess of glucose, fructose, or sucrose was present, the specific activity remained constant and active growth was promoted. Laminarin, cellobiose, gentiobiose, and isolated Penicillium italicum walls were not capable of significantly inducing beta-1,3-glucanase synthesis to a level beyond that attained by glucose limitation. A similar behavior was observed for beta-1,6-glucanase. beta-1,3-Glucanase and beta-1,6-glucanase are therefore constitutive enzymes subjected to catabolite repression. The results are discussed in the context of the possible functions that have been suggested for glucanases and related enzymes. PMID- 830647 TI - Carbohydrate repression of catalase synthesis in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Catalase formation by Bacteroides fragilis was immediately stopped upon addition of glucose to a culture growing in peptone medium. Each of eight other carbohydrates fermented by the organism also repressed catalase formation. Without added carbohydrate, the strains produced relatively large amounts of catalase (25 to 50 U/mg of protein). PMID- 830648 TI - Tyramine oxidase and regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The participation of tyramine oxidase in the regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes was studied. Arylsulfatase was synthesized when this organism was grown with methionine or taurine as the sulfur source (nonrepressing conditions) and was repressed by inorganic sulfate or cysteine; this repression was relieved by tyramine and related compounds (derepressing conditions). Under nonrepressing conditions, arylsulfatase synthesis was not regulated by tyramine oxidase synthesis. However, derepression of arylsulfatase and induction of tyramine oxidase synthesis by tyramine were both antagonized by glucose and other carbohydrate compounds. The derepressed synthesis of arylsulfatase, like that of tyramine oxidase, was released from catabolite repression by use of tyramine as the sole source of nitrogen. A mutant strain that exhibits constitutive synthesis of glutamine synthetase and high levels of histidase when grown in glucose-ammonium medium was subject to the catabolite repression of both tyramine oxidase and arylsulfatase syntheses. Mutants in which repression of arylsulfatase could not be relieved by tyramine could not utilize tyramine as the sole source of nitrogen and were defective in the gene for tyramine oxidase. PMID- 830649 TI - Relationships between cotransducible plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Cotransduction of two or even three plasmids was observed when a Staphylococcus aureus strain, carrying five distinct, compatible plasmids, was used as donor. An active host recombination system did not seem to be indispensable for plasmid cotransduction, since RecA+ and RecA- donors gave similar cotransduction frequencies. Analysis of plasmids carried by cotransductant clones demonstrated that a genetic interaction can take place between cotransduced plasmids, leading to new plasmids. Some of the properties of these new plasmids are discussed. Another set of experiments tested the ability of a cotransducible plasmid to allow a significant degree of multiplication of a temperature-sensitive plasmid at restrictive temperature. In an attempt to explain the results obtained, a working hypothesis suggesting a transient and reversible association of cotransducible plasmids is presented. PMID- 830650 TI - Plasmids in avirulent strains of Agrobacterium. AB - Twelve strains of Agrobacterium radiobacter isolated from naturally occurring crown galls or soil were found to be avirulent on sunflower, tomato, Kalanchoe, and carrot. Eleven strains contained plasmids of molecular weights 77 X 10(6) to 182 X 10(6) as determined by electron microscopy. One strain contained only a smaller plasmid (50 X 10(6) daltons). Several strains had both large and small (ca. 11 X 10(6) daltons) plasmids; one strain contained two large plasmids (112 X 10(6) and 136 X 10(6) daltons). Hybridization reactions of virulence plasmids from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains C58 and A6 with plasmids from each of the A. radiobacter strains revealed that some A. radiobacter plasmids had less than 10% homology to either the C58 or A6 plasmids. Plasmids from some strains had approximately 50% homology with the C58 plasmid, but only one A. radiobacter plasmid contained more than 10% homology to the A6 plasmid. The presence of large plasmids in A. radiobacter strains did not correlate with sensitivity to agrocin 84; however, the utilization of the amino acid derivatives octopine and nopaline was generally correlated to partial base sequence homology to the C58 plasmid. We conclude that all large plasmids found in Agrobacterium strains are not virulence associated, although they may share base sequence homology with a virulence associated plasmid. Further, plasmids from tumorigenic strains may be more closely related by base sequence homology to plasmids from nonpathogenic strains than to plasmids from other pathogenic strains. PMID- 830651 TI - Chemical structure of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides from Fusobacterium nucleatum. AB - The lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides from Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev 1 consists of beta-1',6-linked D-glucosamine disaccharides, which carry two phosphate groups: one in glycosidic and one in ester linkage. The amino groups of the glucosamine disaccharides are substituted by D-3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The hydroxyl groups of the disaccharide backbone are acylated by tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and D-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids. Part of the ester-bound D-3 hydroxytetradecanoic acid is 3-O-substituted by tetradecanoic acid. Whereas a similar pattern of fatty acids was detected in lipopolysaccharides from two other F. nucleatum strains, the amide-bound fatty acid in F. varium and F. mortiferum was D-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. The chemical relationships of lipid A from Fusobacteria and other gram-negative bacteria are discussed. PMID- 830652 TI - Membrane particle arrays associated with the basal body and with contractile vacuole secretion in Chlamydomonas. AB - Freeze-fracture replicas reveal that five distinct types of intramembranous particle arrays coexist within a small sector of the C. reinhardtii cell flagellar membrane. Of these, three are newly described in this report. (a) Flagellar bracelets, which encircle the flagellar bases, appear to be intrinsically ordered strands of particles of unknown function. (b) Strut arrays, representing nine sites where the basal body attaches to the membrane, appear to serve a mechanical function. (c) Contractile vacuole arrays, which develop into circular plaques of particles, appear to serve as "membrane gates" through which water is discharged from the cell. PMID- 830653 TI - Membrane differentiations at sites specialized for cell fusion. AB - Fusion of plasma membranes between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gametes has been studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy of unfixed cells. The putative site of cell fusion developes during gametic differentiation and is recognized in thin sections of unmated gametes as a plaque of dense material subjacent to a sector of the anterior plasma membrane (Goodenough, U.W., and R.L. Weiss. 1975.J. Cell Biol. 67:623-637). The overlying membrane proves to be readily recognized in replicas of unmated gametes as a circular region roughly 500 nm in diameter which is relatively free of "regular" plasma membrane particles on both the P and E fracture faces. The morphology of this region is different for mating-type plus (mt+) and mt- gametes: the few particles present in the center of the mt+ region are distributed asymmetrically and restricted to the P face, while the few particles present in the center of the mt- region are distributed symmetrically in the E face. Each gamete type can be activated for cell fusion by presenting to it isolated flagella of opposite mt. The activated mt+ gamete generates large expanses of particle-cleared membrane as it forms a long fertilization tubule from the mating structure region. In the activated mt- gamete, the E face of the mating structure region is transformed into a central dome of densely clustered particles surrounded by a particle-cleared zone. When mt+ and mt- gametes are mixed together, flagellar agglutination triggeeeds to fuse with an activated mt- region. The fusion lip is seen to develop within the particle-dense central dome. We conclude that these mt- particles play an active role in membrane fusion. PMID- 830654 TI - Nuclear matrix of HeLa S3 cells. Polypeptide composition during adenovirus infection and in phases of the cell cycle. AB - A subnuclear fraction has been isolated from HeLa S3 nuclei after treatment with high salt buffer, deoxyribonuclease, and dithiothreitol. This fraction retains the approximate size and shape of nuclei and resembles the nuclear matrix recently isolated from rat liver nuclei. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicate that this structure consists of nonmembranous elements as well as some membranous elements. Its chemical composition is 87% protein, 12% phospholipid, 1% DNA, and 0.1% RNA by weight. The protein constituents are resolved in SDS polyacrylamide slab gels into 30-35 distinguishable bands in the apparent molecular weight range of 14,000 - 200,000 with major peptides at 14,000 - 18,000 and 45,000 - 75,000. Analysis of newly synthesized polypeptides by cylindrical gel electrophoresis reveals another cluster in the 90,000-130,000 molecular weight range. Infection with adenovirus results in an altered polypeptide profile. Additional polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 21,000, 23,000, and 92,000 become major components by 22 h after infection. Concomitantly, some peptides in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range become less prominent. In synchronized cells the relative staining capacity of the six bands in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range changes during the cell cycle. Synthesis of at least some matrix polypeptides occures in all phases of the cell cycle, although there is decreased synthesis in late S/G2. In the absence of protein synthesis after cell division, at least some polypeptides in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range survive nuclear dispersal and subsequent reformation during mitosis. The possible significance of this subnuclear structure with regard to structure-function relationships within the nucleus during virus replication and during the life cycle of the cell is discussed. PMID- 830655 TI - Rotary replication for freeze-etching. AB - Rotary replication has been adapted to freeze-etching and evaluated using T4 polyheads, erythrocyte ghosts, and chloroplast membranes. Conventional electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and optical diffraction and filtering indicate that platinum-carbon rotary replication renders radially symmetrical contrast and 25 A resolution to freeze-etched specimens so as to clarify subunit structure not normally evident in unidirectional shadow replicas. PMID- 830656 TI - RNA transport in isolated myeloma nuclei. Transport from membrane-denuded nuclei. AB - Nuclei prepared from MOPC-21 cells were treated with the nonionic detergents Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40. Chemical analysis revealed that nearly 90% of the nuclear phospholipid was removed by detergent treatment. The membrane-denuded nuclei remained intact with preservation of nuclear pore complexes as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Ribonucleic acid transport from detergent treated nuclei proceeded at the same rate and to the same extent as in control nuclei. Normal nuclear restriction of nucleic acids was unaltered by removal of the nuclear membranes. The effect of temperature on transport of RNA from freshly isolated myeloma nuclei with intact nuclear envelopes was studied. No temperature transition was associated with the transport process. These data indicate that the transport of macromolecules from isolated myeloma nuclei is independent of the nuclear membrane. PMID- 830657 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutations affecting flagellar assembly and function in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - A series of conditional mutants of the algal, biflagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with temperature-sensitive defects in flagellar assembly and function were isolated. The genetics and phenotypes of 21 mutants displaying a rapid alteration in flagellar function upon shift from the permissive (20 degrees C) to the restrictive (32 degrees C) temperatures are described. These mutants designated as "drop-down" or dd-mutants have been placed in four categories on the basis of their defective phenotypes: (a) dd-assembly mutants - the preformed flagella are resorbed at 32 degrees C and reassembly of flagella is inhibited; (b) dd-fragile flagella mutants - the flagella are lost by detachment at 32 degrees C, but can be reassembled; (c) dd-motility mutants - the flagella are retained at 32 degrees C, but are functionally defective; (d) dd-lethal mutants - display combined defects in flagellar function and cell growth. Tetrad analysis of the mutants back-crossed to wild-type, recombination analysis of intermutant crosses, and complementation tests in the construction of heterozygous diploid strains indicate that at least 14 nuclear genetic loci are represented among 21 mutants. The availability of temperature-sensitive mutations affecting the assembly and function of the flagellum suggests that the morphogenesis of this complex eukaryotic organelle is amenable to genetic dissection. PMID- 830658 TI - Effect of exercise on perfusion of collateral-dependent myocardium in dogs with chronic coronary artery occlusion. AB - Since the ability of mature intercoronary collateral channels to increase myocardial blood flow in response to drug-induced coronary vasodilation has been questioned, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the response of coronary collateral circulation to the stress of exercise. Studies were performed at rest and during two levels of treadmill exercise in six dogs a minimum of 6 mo after placement of an Ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow was estimated in normally perfused anterior and predominantly collateral-dependent posterior left ventricular wall with left atrial injections of radio-nuclide-labeled microscheres 7-10 mum in diameter. At rest, heart rate was 87 +/- 7 beats/min and mean myocardial blood flow was comparable in control and collateral-dependent regions (0.96 +/- 0.13 and 0.97 +/ 0.14 ml/min-g, respectively). During exercise, heart rates increased to 180 +/- 13 and 228 +/- 14 beats/min and myocardial blood flow (MBF) in the anterior control region increased linearly with heart rate (HR), (MBF = 0.133 HR - 0.202, r = 0.88). MBF to the posterior collateral-dependent region was similarly augmented during exercise (MBF = 0.140 HR - 0.252, r = 0.89), so that the linear correlation between HR and MBF was similar for the control and collateral dependent regions. In addition, the transmural distribution of MBF was uniform at rest and during exercise in both the anterior control and posterior collateral dependent regions. Thus, not only could the mature intercoronary collateral vasculature supply adequate flow at rest, but when subjected to the natural stress of exercise, the increase in flow to the predominantly collateral dependent area was similar to that in the normally perfused area. PMID- 830659 TI - Suppressor function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated increased DNA synthesis and secretion of newly synthesized protein when suboptimal concentrations of Concanavalin A (Con A) were added to the cultures after 24-h incubation in vitro. Cells stimulated by Con A, 1 mug/ml, after 24-h incubation demonstrated 3.0 times more tritiated thymidine incorporation, and 4.4 times more 14C-amino acid incorporation into newly synthesized secreted protein, than cells stimulated at 0 h (P less than 0.001). The acquisition of increased responsiveness was not abrogated by washing and resuspending the cells in fresh medium. Since the increased responsiveness could be inhibited by the addition to the cultures of small numbers of cells previously activated by Con A it is suggested that the enhanced reactivity acquired in culture represents the loss of a subpopulation of suppressor cells that modulate the T-lymphocyte response. Cells from nine patients with active, untreated systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated normal responses to optimal concentrations of Con A added at 0 h, but an impaired response to Con A, 1 mug/ml. When these cells were incubated for 24 h, a significant increased response to Con A was not observed. This observation suggests that patients with active SLE lack circulating suppressor cells. When seven SLE patients were again studied after corticosteroid therapy had led to clinical improvement, the response to Con A, 1 mug/ml, added after 24-h incubation was similar to that observed in normal controls, suggesting that suppressor function in SLE returns as disease activity declines. PMID- 830660 TI - Induction of a deficiency of steroid delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity in liver by a porphyrinogenic drug. AB - The hepatic enzymes that catalyze drug oxidations and the reductive metabolism of steroid hormones to 5alpha-derivatives are localized in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Phenobarbital, which exacerbates acute intermittent porphyria in man, induces drug-oxidizing enzymes in liver. Additionally, patients in whome the primary gene defect (uroporphyrinogen-I-synthetase deficiency) of acute intermittent porphyria has become clinically expressed have low levels of hepatic steroid delta4-5alpha-reductase activity. This 5alpha-reductase deficiency in acute intermittent porphyria leads to the disproportionate generation of 5beta-steroid metabolites from precursor hormones; such steroid metabolites have significant porphyria-inducing action experimentally. In this study the effects of phenobarbital on drug oxidation and steroid 5alpha-reduction in man were examined to determine if this drug could produce changes in steroid 5alpha-reductase activity which mimicked those seen in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Metabolic studies with [14C]-testosterone and 11beta [3H]hydroxyandrostenedione were carried out in five normal volunteers. In all five subjects phenobarbital administration (2 mg/kg/per day for 21 days) enhanced plasma removal of the test drugs antipyrine and phenylbutazone as expected; but in four subjects phenobarbital also substantially depressed 5alpha-metabolite formation from [14C]testosterone and resulted in a pattern of hormone biotransformation characterized by a high ratio of 5beta/5alpha-metabolite formation. Studies with 11beta-[3H]hydroxy-androstenedione in three subjects confirmed that phenobarbital produced this high 5beta/5alpha ratio of steroid metabolism by depressing 5alpha-reductase activity for steroid hormones in liver. The high ratio of 5beta/5alpha-metabolites formed in normals after drug treatment mimicks the high 5beta/5alpha-steroid metabolite ratio formed from endogenous hormones in acute intermittent porphyria. The proximate mechanism by which phenobarbital induces reciprocal changes in activities of the microsomal enzymes which catalyze drug oxidations and steroid 5alpha-reductions is not known. This action of phenobarbital raises the possibility, however, that certain drugs which provoke exacerbations of human porphyria may do so, in part, by producing deleterious shifts in the patterns of endogenous steroid hormone metabolism. PMID- 830662 TI - Stimulation of human eosinophil and neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and random migration by 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. AB - A human platelet lipoxygenase-generated product of arachidonic acid, identified by thin-layer chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties as 12-L-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosatertraenoic acid (HETE), was selectively chemotactic in vitro for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), as compared to mononuclear leukocytes, with a preference for eosinophils. Preincubation of PMN with partially-purified HETE at peak chemotactic concentrations of 8-24 mug/ml reduced their random and chemotactic migration and stimulated the activity of their hexose monophosphate shunt; minimally chemotactic concentrations of 0.03-1 mug/ml enhanced PMN random migration without influencing other functions. HETE may thus be capable of preferentially attracting eosinophils to foci of tissue reaction associated with platelet activation. PMID- 830661 TI - Analysis of cellular and protein content of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - To evaluate cellular and protein components in the lower respiratory tract of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), limited broncho-alveolar lavage was done in 58 patients (19 IPF, 7 CHP, and 32 controls). Analysis of the cells and protein in the lavage fluids from patients with IPF revealed an inflammatory and eosinophilic response and a significant elevation of IgG in the lungs. With corticosteroid therapy, inflammation diminished but eosinophils remained. Lavage fluid from patients with CHP also had eosinophils and elevated levels of IgG. However, in contrast to IPF, lavage fluid from CHP patients contained IgM, fewer inflammatory cells, and a strikingly increased number (38-74%) of lymphocytes. Identification of lavage lymphocytes in CHP showed that T lymphocytes were significantly elevated and B lymphocytes were decreased compared to peripheral blood. These studies suggest nthat the lung in IPF and CHP may function as a relatively independent immune organ, and that analysis of cells and proteins in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid may be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative value in evaluating patients with fibrotic lung disease. PMID- 830663 TI - The relationship of respiratory failure to the oxygen consumption of, lactate production by, and distribution of blood flow among respiratory muscles during increasing inspiratory resistance. AB - An animal model was developed to determine if blood flow to the respiratory muscles limits oxygen delivery and thus work output during inspiratory resistance. With incremental increases in the rate of work of breathing to 15 times the resting level, blood flow to the diaphragm rose exponentially 26-fold. Blood flow to other inspiratory and a few expiratory muscles increased to a much smaller extent, often only at the greater work loads. Cardiac output and blood pressure did not change. Arterial-venous oxygen content difference across the diaphragm became maximal at low work rates and thereafter all increases in oxygen delivery during higher work rates were accomplished by increments in blood flow. Oxygen consumption of the respiratory musculature calculated by blood flow times oxygen extraction increased exponentially with increasing work of breathing and was less than the increase in total body oxygen consumption at each work load. Hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis occurred when the animals inspired through the highest resistance; blood flow and oxygen consumption were even higher than that observed during previous resistances and there was no evidence of a shift to anaerobic metabolsim in blood lactate and pyruvate levels. Respiratory failure did not appear to be a consequence of insufficient blood flow in this model. PMID- 830664 TI - The distribution of blood flow, oxygen consumption, and work output among the respiratory muscles during unobstructed hyperventilation. AB - An animal model was developed to describe respiratory muscle work output, blood flow, and oxygen consumption during mechanical ventilation, resting spontaneous ventilation, and the increased unobstructed ventilatory efforts induced by CO2 rebreathing. Almost all of the work of breathing was inspiratory work at all ventilatory levels; thus, only blood flows to the diaphragm and external intercostals increased in the transition from mechanical to spontaneous ventilation, and they further increased linearly as ventilatory work was incrementally augmented ninefold by CO2 rebreathing. No other muscles of inspiration manifest increased blood flows. A small amount of expiratory work was measured at high ventilatory volumes during which two expiratory muscles (transverse abdominal and intercostals) had moderate increases in blood flow. Blood pressure did not change, but cardiac output doubled. Arterial-venous oxygen content difference across the diaphragm increased progressively, so oxygen delivery was augmented by both increased blood flow and increased oxygen extraction at all work loads. Oxygen consumption increased linearly as work of breathing increased, so efficiency did not change significantly. The mean efficiency of the respiratory muscles was 15.5%. These results differ significantly from the patterns previously observed by us during increased work of breathing induced by inspiratory resistance, suggesting a different distribution of work load among the various muscles of respiration, a different fractionation of oxygen delivery between blood flow and oxygen extraction, and a higher efficiency when shortening, not tension development, of the muscle is increased. PMID- 830665 TI - A saturable high affinity binding site for transcobalamin II-vitamin B12 complexes in human placental membrane preparations. AB - Studies were designed to evaluate the binding of binding of vitamin B12 to cell membrane preparations from human placenta. The transcobalamin II-vitamin B12 complex (TCII-B12), which has a much greater affinity for the membranes than vitamin B12 alone, binds to a single saturable binding site with an approximate Ka = 7.2 mM-1. The binding requires a divalent cation and is temperature dependent. Free TCII can compete with TCII-B12 for the binding site but has somewhat less affinity than does TCII-B12. Rat TCII-B12 has an affinity constant that is less than one-fifth that of human TCII-B12; human TCI-B12, bovine TCII B12, hog intrinsic factor-B12 (IF-B12), and human IF-B12 do not bind to the membranes. Pretreating the membranes with trypsin causes a marked decrease in subsequent binding; this suggests the binding site includes a relatively exposed membrane protein. These data suggest that a specific cell surface receptor for the TCII-B12 complex exists in placenta. This TCII-B12 receptor can be solubilized with Triton X-100. PMID- 830667 TI - Effects of aldosterone and potassium-sparing diuretics on electrical potential differences across the distal nephron. AB - We have previously shown that the transtubular potential of the rabbit cortical collecting tubule varies in concert with changes in plasma mineralocorticoid levels, while the potential of the distal convoluted tubule is invariant with such changes. In the present studies we have examined the effects of in vitro addition of d-aldosterone to isolated tubules, as well as the effects of triamterene and spirolactone. d-Aldosterone (0.2 mum added to the perfusate or 1 muM added to the bathing medium) resulted in a marked stimulation of the transtubular potential difference (lumen-negative) after a short latent period. d Aldosterone had no effect on the potential difference of distal convoluted tubules of intact or adrenalectomized rabbits. Both the magnitude of the response and the length of the latent period in the cortical collecting tubule after aldosterone were markedly temperature-dependent. Triamterene caused a gradual but reversible inhibition of the potential difference in the cortical collecting tubule but had no effect in the distal tubule. Spirolactone, when added before aldosterone, blocked the electrical response to the hormone in the cortical collecting tubule, and produced a gradual inhibition of the potential difference in mineralocorticoid-stimulated tubules. Spirolactone had no effect on the potential difference of the distal tubule. We conclude that (a) the influence of aldosterone on the potential across the distal nephron is restricted to the distal convoluted tubule, (b) the electrical response to aldosterone and the latent period are temperature-dependent, (c) the response to aldosterone is blocked by spirolactone, and (d) triamterene inhibits the potential difference only in the cortical collecting tubule. PMID- 830668 TI - Postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex in the rat. V. Spatial organization of purkinje cell perikarya. AB - The development of the spatial organization of Purkinje cell perikarya was examined in the rat cerebellum from birth to adulthood. Dispersion of the perikarya following birth is made possible by the rapid expansion of the cortical surface. Their subsequent regular monocellular alignment is ensured by mechanical factors, the pressure exerted from below by the expanding granular layer and the barrier formed above by the pile of parallel fibers which prevent the penetration of the bulky perikarya into the molecular layer. The perikarya remain in this position even after the slender stem dendrite pierces the molecular layer along the descending axons of basket cells. The increase in interperikaryal distance between Purkinje cells is rapid up to day 12, then declines. This is temporally associated with the growth of the basket cell plexus and glial envelope around the perikaryon. The increase in perikaryal size continues up to day 30. This may be temporally associated with the growth of the Purkinje cell dendritic arbor as reflected by the expansion of the molecular layer up to day 30. The spatial arrangement of Purkinje cells within the monocellular sheet was graphically displayed with computer aid. In the adult cerebellum a hexagonal arrangement could be recognized in a proportion of "near-neighborhoods," consisting of about six Purkinje cells and their neighbors. When the neighborhoods were extended with fixed orientation with respect to the axis of the folium, the hexagonal arrangement disappeared. When orientation was ignored, the superimposed near neighborhoods could be rotated to produce a hexagonal pattern. In the infant cerebellum the hexagonal arrangement could not be demonstrated before the alignment of Purkinje cells in a monolayer. Thereafter there appeared to be an increase with age in the proportion of hexagonally arranged near-neighborhoods. It was concluded that in the monocellular ganglionic layer Purkinje cells are not aligned in regular rows with respect to the geometrically arranged elements of the supraganglionic layer. The formation of an imprecise hexagonal pattern, like the alignment of Purkinje cells in a monolayer, was attributed to mechanical factors. PMID- 830666 TI - Effects of sodium nitroprusside on left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations. AB - The effect of sodium nitroprusside on the relationship between left ventricular pressure and volume during diastole was studied in 11 patients with congestive heart failure. Nitroprusside was infused to lower mean arterial pressure approximately 20-30 mm Hg. High fidelity left ventricular pressures were recorded in all patients simultaneously with left ventricular cineangiography (biplane in eight and single plane in three patients), allowing precise measurement of pressure and volume throughout the cardiac cycle. Left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume curves were constructed in each patient from data obtained before and during nitroprusside infusion. In 9 of 11 patients there was a substantial downward displacement of the diastolic pressure-volume curve during nitroprusside infusion, with left ventricular pressure being lower for any given volume with nitroprusside. Serial left ventricular cineangiograms performed 15 min apart in six additional subjects who did not receive sodium nitroprusside showed no shift in the diastolic pressure-volume relation, indicating that the shift seen with nitroprusside was not due to the angiographic procedure itself. A possible explanation for the altered diastolic pressure-volume relationships with nitroprusside might be a direct relaxant effect of nitroprusside on ventricular muscle, similar to its known relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle. Alternatively, nitroprusside may affect the diastolic pressure-volume curve by affecting viscous properties or by altering one or more of the extrinsic constraints acting upon the left ventricle. PMID- 830669 TI - Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. I. Quantitative evaluation of morphological changes. AB - Whole head fractionated doses of 200 r and 150 r were initiated postnatally in five experimental age groups (birth, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week and 4-week) and continued over a period of 14 or 20 days to prevent reconstitution of the external granular layer. Animals irradiated at birth displayed minor deficits in behavior, which included ataxia, tremor, hypertonus and dysmetria, while animals irradiated at 1-week showed only mild symptoms of hypermetria. All other animals displayed no motor deficits. Animals irradiated at birth had smaller eyes and ears, a reduction in the size of the entire head and were susceptible to seizures. All animals were sacrified at 70 days of age. The cerebellum was found to be reduced in size and weight, the greatest deficit being seen in animals x irradiated at the very early ages. Newborn condition animals were found to have large compliments of interneurons in the molecular layer, an established internal granular layer, and Purkinje cells were found to have a normal orientation, position, and to be unreduced in number or size. Total granule cell deficits were found to range from 83% at birth to 29% at four weeks. Quantitative changes for the molecular layer, internal granular layer, medullary layer, Purkinje cell to granule cell ratio, and granule cell density, all depicted the greatest changes in the newborn, 1-week and 2-week conditions. This experiment confirmed that the critical period in the development at which damage would result in behavioral abnormalities was from birth to five days, while for neuroanatomical abnormalities, this critical period was from birth to 18 days. PMID- 830670 TI - Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. II. Changes in Purkinje cell morphology. AB - The whole-head of infant kittens was irradiated with fractionated doses of 150 R and 200 R at different postnatal intervals. Experimental age conditions consisted of an irradiated newborn, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, and a 4-week age condition while the age of sacrifice remained constant at 70 days. The molecular layer thickness was reduced by 47% in the newborn, 40% in the 1-week group, 17% in the 2-week group, 19% in the 3-week group and by 9% in the 4-week group. An evaluation of Golgi impregnated material revealed that the dendritic arborizations of purkinje cells were consistently reduced the earlier the age at which radiation was begun. A reduction in spiny branchlets was seen in all of the experimental conditions. All experimental age conditions displayed the phenomenon of dendritic "damming" at the pial surface, which consisted of an excessive crowding of spiny branches at this level. An increased growth of the primary dendrite before branching tood place was seen in the newborn and 1-week group. This became less but was still significant in the 2-week group. A correlation of this phenomenon with the presence or lack of stellate cells is disclssed. Purkinje cells with two or more dendrites emerging from their soma were classified and analyzed separately. It was found that the primary dendritic branching in these cells often followed separate morphological patterns and appeared to be independent of each other. Climbing fibers were found to conform to the abnormal dendritic arborizations of the Purkinje cells, and were reduced in complexity in the early radiation treatment groups. This suggested that climbing fibers had no influence upon the dendritic growth pattern, but instead were under the influence of the Purkinje cell dendritic growth. PMID- 830671 TI - Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. III. Changes in the morphology of interneurons in the molecular layer. AB - The whole head of infant kittens was irradiated with fractionated doses of 150 R and 200 R at different postnatal intervals. Experimental age conditions consisted of a newborn, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, and a 4-week age condition while the age of sacrifice remained constant at 70 days. Going analysis revealed that the interneurons found in the molecular layer of the newborn, 1-week and 2-week condition were basket cells. Stellate cells were found in increasing numbers in the 3-week and 4-week conditions. Basket calls were found to occupy the entire molecular layer in the newborn and 1-week conditions resulting in an abnormal axonal plexus. The position of the basket cell soma was found to be in the same plane as its axonal projection. The branching point of the primary dendrite of Purkinje cells was found to correlate with the amount of molecular layer occupied by the abnormal basket cell plexus. Interneurons in the molecular layer were found to show different dendritic growth patterns dependent upon where their soma was located. Interneurons in the deep molecular layer showed only a decreased dendritic field, whereas interneurons in the middle and superficial moledular layer had an abnormal growth of dendrites into the deep molecular layer. A hypothesis is presented to account for the decreased dendritic arborization and the increased length of the primary dendrite before branching, the ectopic basket cell and their abnormally directed dendritic growth, and the difference in behavioral deficits between the newborn and the 1-week conditions. PMID- 830672 TI - A quantitative study of retrograde neuronal changes in Clarke's column. AB - A quantitative study has been made of the retrograde neuronal changes that occlr in the large neurons of Clarke's column in the L3 spinal segment, 100 days after dorsolateral column lesions at the medullary, C5, T1, T8, and L1 levels in a series of 10-week-old kittens. Cell counts, and nuclear and perikaryal areal measurements, have been made in thionin stained material. The results indicate that following L1 level lesions, there is about a 30% loss of Clarke neurons and the remaining neurons are reduced in size to about 75% of their normal cross sectional perikaryal area (as judged from the cells on the opposite side) and about 65% of their normal nuclear area. Lesions at the T8 and T1 level both cause about a 20% Clarke cell loss; but after the T8 lesions, there is about a 65% decrease in perikaryal area and a 55% decrease in nuclear area while the T1 lesions cause about a 55% decrease in perikaryal area and a 45% reduction in nuclear area. Lesions at the C5 level result in about a 15% cell loss, a 50% decrease in perikaryal area, and a 40% decrease in nuclear area. Medullary lesions produce about a 5% cell loss, a 50% decrease in perikaryal area, and a 40% decrease in nuclear area. In unoperated control preparations, the left-right differences in the number of cells are less than 2% and the areal measurements are within 5% of each other. The results of this study suggest that the severity of the retrograde neuronal reaction in Clarke's column is related to the proximity of the lesion to the cell body, but that this relationship is non linear. Several possible interpretations of these results are discussed. PMID- 830673 TI - The efferent connections of the feline nucleus cuneatus. AB - Nucleus cuneatus projections to nucleus ventralis posterolarteralis pars medialis (VPLm) and other thalamic as well as midbrain and medullary nuclei were studied in cats using the Fink-Heimer I silver technique. Single electrolytic lesions of very small size were made stereotaxically in different zones of nucleus cuneatus under electrophysiological control. All zones studied projected to contralateral VPLm in a pattern of discrete terminal arborizations or clusters, which were organized in onionskin-like dorso-ventral laminae. The clusters of degeneration varied in size and density according to their dorsoventral location within VPLm. Those in dorsal areas were smaller in diameter (50-125 mu) and contained less dense amounts of degeneration than clusters (150-300 mu) in more ventral regions. The clustered terminal arborizations mirrored the organization of the VPLm neuronal clusters, themselves. Terminations within VPLm were topographically organized, but were completely inverted, i.e. dorsal nucleus cuneatus projected to ventral VPLm and ventral to dorsal, lateral to medial, and medial to lateral VPLm. A ventral zone of nucleus cuneatus, which contained "deep" units, projected to a separate dorsal zone of VPLm. In addition to its classical connection with VPLm, nucleus cuneatus projected to the following contralateral brainstem or thalamic nuclei: medial and dorsal accessory olives, external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, ventrolateral part of the superior colliculus, nucleus ruber, medial geniculate nucleus pars magnocellularis, suprageniculatus, medial and lateral divisions of the posterior thalamic nuclear group, zona incerta, and Fields of Forel. Very sparse amounts of degeneration were also present within nuclei ventralis posteromedialis (caudal pole) and ventralis posterolateralis pars lateralis. The brain-stem and thalamic projections of the dorsocaudal part (cell nest region) of the cuneate nucleus were more restricted than those of its rostral and ventral regions. The clusters of both the VPLm neurons and cuneate terminations within VPLm provides an anatomical basis for the functional characteristics of synaptic security, fine grain somatotopia and modality specificity so prominent in the dorsal column nuclei-medial lemniscal system. PMID- 830675 TI - Interaction of aquated cis-[NH3)2Ptii]with nucleic acid constituents. 1. Ribonucleosides. PMID- 830674 TI - Model for the binding of D-penicillamine to metal ions in living systems: Synthesis and structure of L-histidinyl-D-penicillaminatocobalt(III) monohydrate, [Co(L-His)(D-Pen)]-H2O. PMID- 830676 TI - Critical chain length for development of the alpha helix of the peptide having the sequence of L-alanyl-L-leucylglycine in the solid state. PMID- 830677 TI - Synthesis of biocytin-containing peptides. PMID- 830678 TI - A flash photolytic investigation of low energy homolytic processes in methylcobalamin. PMID- 830679 TI - beta-lactam antibiotics. Novel synthetic routes to cephem-ring system from beta lactam thiazolines via hydrazinothioazetidinones. PMID- 830680 TI - Absolute configuration of a ribonucleic acid adduct formed in vivo by metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 830681 TI - The stereochemistry of sterols at C-20 and its biosynthetic implications. PMID- 830682 TI - The isolation and structure of aplysistatin. PMID- 830683 TI - Synthesis of methionine carrying a chiral methyl group and its use in determining the steric course of the enzymatic C-methylation of indolepyruvate during indolmycin biosynthesis. PMID- 830685 TI - Production of antibiotics by biotransformation of 2,4,6/3,5 pentahydroxycyclohexanone and 2,4/3,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanone by a deoxystreptamine-negative mutant of Micromonospora purpurea. PMID- 830684 TI - Application of a novel thermistor mercury electrode to the study of changes of activity of an adsorbed enzyme on electrochemical reduction and oxidation. PMID- 830686 TI - Remarkably different structures of two metalloporphyrins containing M2O34+ units. PMID- 830688 TI - Proton magnetic resonance study of divalent metal ions binding to adenosine 5' triphosphate. PMID- 830687 TI - Isolation and identification of cross-linked nucleosides from nitrous acid treated deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 830689 TI - Studies of proteins in solution by natural-abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Spectral resolution and relaxation behavior at high magnetic field strengths. PMID- 830690 TI - Synthetic analogues of the active sites of iron-sulfur proteins. 14. Synthesis, properties, and structures of bis(o-xylyl-alpha,alpha'-dithiolato)ferrate(II, III) anions, analogues of oxidized and reduced rubredoxin sites. PMID- 830691 TI - Structure of nogalamycin. PMID- 830692 TI - Asymmetric syntheses via enantiotopically selective horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidations of diols containing a prochiral center. PMID- 830693 TI - Structural studies of transition metal complex of triionized and tetraionized citrate. Models for the coordination of the citrate ion to transition metal ions in solution and at the active site of aconitase. PMID- 830694 TI - Quantitative extrusions of the Fe4S4 cores of the active sites of ferredoxins and the hydrogenase of Clostridium pasteurianum. PMID- 830696 TI - The structure of juncusol. A novel cytotoxic dihydrophenanthrene from the Estuarine marsh plant Juncus roemerianus. PMID- 830695 TI - Alkylation of a tripeptide by a carcinogen: the crystal structures of sarcosylglycylglycine, 9-methyl-10-chloromethylanthracene, and their reaction product. PMID- 830697 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism studies of non-iron "hyper" porphyrin complexes as models for reduced + CO cytochrome P-450. PMID- 830698 TI - A novel synthesis of (+/-)-vermiculine. PMID- 830699 TI - Biosynthesis of the isoquinuclidine moiety of dioscorine. Incorporation of [5,6 13C2]nicotinic acid established by means of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 830700 TI - The role of water on the photoactivity of chlorophyll a. In vitro experimental characterization of the PSI Light Reaction in photosynthesis. PMID- 830701 TI - Synthesis of thermal reactivity of some 2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane models of prostaglandin endoperoxides. PMID- 830702 TI - Significant issues in nutrition. PMID- 830703 TI - Food and drug interactions. PMID- 830704 TI - Development of food tables and use with computers. Review of nutrient data bases. AB - Numerous tables of food composition have been compiled since the 1890s to meet the needs for nutrient data by nutritionists, researchers, and consumers. Early tables included values for protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calories. By 1945, values for several vitamins and minerals were listed in tables of food composition. The contents of food composition tables have been updated and expanded as laboratory procedures for analyzing nutrients have been improved. A trend toward increased specificity for most nutrient classifications has resulted in consideration of up to one hundred nutritional components in the development of nutrient data bases. Tables of food composition have varied in number of food items, number of nutrients, and classification schemes. Food-group designations have been used in some tables as a technique to categorize data for similar food items. Computer-stored nutrient data bases tend to vary in much the same manner as printed tables of food composition. Computer-assisted diagnostic procedures for editing input data for validity and verifying reasonable relationships among nutrient data have been developed to detect data inconsistencies. As data for new food products are included and the effects of food processing methods are determined, food composition tables and computer-stored nutrient data bases are expected to become more comprehensive, reliable, and suitable for various uses. PMID- 830705 TI - Dietary compliance of chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 830706 TI - Zinc nutriture of elderly participants in an urban feeding program. AB - Elderly participants in Title VII congregate feeding programs in Indianapolis can be characterized generally as being retired, usually living alone, and often reporting some disease condition, particularly arthritis, hypertension, and/or heart disease. On an average weekday, the nutrient intake of these people, except for zinc, approximated the amounts suggested in the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Fifty-nine per cent of the subjects consumed less than two-thirds of the allowance for zinc. Generally, they consumed over half of their allowances for eight nutrients at the site meal. The nutritional significance of apparent low intakes of dietary zinc among subjects is not clear. Eleven per cent had hair zinc levels below 100 mcg. per gram, but none were below 70 mcg. Therefore, on the basis of hair zinc levels, none could be absolutely calssified as zinc deficient. Although hair zinc levels were not correlated to dietary zinc intake, they were inversely correlated to dietary calcium and fat intake. Taste acuity by these elderly participants was generally less than that reported for young adults. However, women had greater taste acuity for sodium chloride than men. Sixteen per cent of the subjects were particularly insensitive to the taste of sodium chloride. Finally, there was no correlation between taste acuity and dietary zinc intake. PMID- 830707 TI - Scaling criteria in developing and evaluating an attitude instrument. PMID- 830708 TI - Assessing change- proneness and nutrition- related behaviors. PMID- 830709 TI - X. Lamb and veal. Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods. AB - As a result of critical review of information on lipid composition of foods, representative values have been derived for the lipid and fatty acid contents of lamb and veal. Comprehensive tabulations of fatty acids in 100-gm. portions of raw and cooked retail cuts are given. The mean fatty acid profiles of the lean and adipose tissues which were used for computing the fatty acid values in the food tables are presented. The lean tissue lipid of lamb contains a significant amount of caprylic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids which are not present in the adipose tissue. A comparison of beef and veal shows that veal lipid is a richer source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The new values presented here for fatty acids in lamb and veal should provide nutritionists and dietitians better means for evaluating diets. PMID- 830710 TI - Using the new Exchange Lists for instructing patients with diabetes. PMID- 830711 TI - Southern ethnic food preferences and Exchange values for the diabetic diet. PMID- 830713 TI - Intraocular lens implantation: faster, more complete rehabilitation of the cataract patient. AB - Cataract, the leading cause of blindness in the United States, chiefly affects the elderly. Surgical therapy in the 1920's is contrasted with that in the 1970's. Visual corrections with spectacles, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses are discussed. Intraocular lens implantation, when performed by specially trained surgeons, offers cataract patients prompt and complete visual rehabilitation. PMID- 830712 TI - Physician house calls: a complement to hospital-based medical care. AB - A physician-oriented, hospital-based Home Care Program (HCP) is described. The staff includes a director, resident physicians, nurses, social workers, and clerical personnel. House calls are made by resident physicians during off-duty hours, but patients, their families, and other health professionals may help with their care. Drugs, equipment and supplies are available through the hospital and contract vendors. The most common medical diseases are cardiac and cerebrovascular disorders, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary disorders and hypertension. Of 513 patients evaluated in one year, 337 were admitted to the HCP. Two-thirds were women. Ages ranged from 18 to 106 (median, 68 years). Under the HCP there was significant improvement and control of the medical problems, and a decrease in hospital and emergency room admissions, and clinic visits; 207 of the 337 patients were discharged. The HCP cost less than other outpatient and inpatient services. It proved to be a rewarding, economical and effective means of improving medical care for a metropolitan population dependent upon hospital-based physicians for medical services. PMID- 830714 TI - The future of health care for the elderly. AB - Problems facing the modern health care worker are examined. These include population changes, the changing pattern of disease, the psychosocial aspects of aging, and altered pathophysiologic mechanisms. The major future requirements in health care for the elderly are outlined. Greater emphasis should be placed upon education in the disciplines of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Society needs to be made more aware of the realities of aging. Health care professionals need to develop their communication skills and to practice more effective teamwork. Greater coordination of the components of health care delivery systems will be needed in order to provide comprehensive and continuing health services. Research into the true and changing needs of the elderly recipients of health care should be emphasized. Prevention and early detection of disease is an important focus in Geriatric Medicine for the future. PMID- 830715 TI - Rapid enzymatic method for partial hydolysis of oilseed proteins for food uses. PMID- 830716 TI - Lipid conversion factors for calculating fatty acid contents of foods. PMID- 830717 TI - Anaerobic biodegradability of carboxymethyloxysuccinate, a detergent builder. PMID- 830718 TI - The next 100 years: where will pharmacy be at the tricentennial? PMID- 830719 TI - Crimes against pharmacies. PMID- 830721 TI - Liability aspects of drug product selection. PMID- 830722 TI - Understanding gout. PMID- 830720 TI - Relationship of price to bioavailability for four multiple-source drug products. PMID- 830723 TI - A relative value scale for pricing of pharmaceutical services. PMID- 830724 TI - U.S. dietary trends and implications. PMID- 830725 TI - The biochemistry and physiology of the surgical scar. PMID- 830726 TI - U.S. Navy Tissue Bank. PMID- 830728 TI - Effect of aging on hypothalamic LH-releasing and prolactin inhibiting activities and pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in the male laboratory rat. AB - Hypothalamic content of LH releasing and prolactin inhibiting activities and pituitary responsiveness to LH releasing hormone was measured in young (4 mo.) and aged (26 mo.) Long-Evans rats by in vitro methods. Hypothalamic extracts (0.5 and 1.0 hypothalamic equivalents) from young and aged male rats were incubated with untreated hemisected rat pituitaries in medium 199. Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 hypothalamic equivalents (HE) from both age group stimulated LH secretion. The increase in pituitary LH release stimulated by 0.5 HE from aged male rats was about half that stimulated by 0.5 HE from the young male group (p less than .20). The increase in LH secretion stimulated by hypothalamic extracts of either age group was not associated with a change in pituitary LH content. Although 0.5 and 1.0 HE from young male rats and 1.0 HE from the aged group reduced incubated pituitary prolactin release, 0.5 HE from the aged males did not affect prolactin release. Treatment with hypothalamic extracts also resulted in increased pituitary prolactin concentrations. Pituitaries from young and aged male rats were incubated in medium 199 containing 0, 25, or 100 ng of LH releasing hormone. Although LH releasing hormone stimulated LH secretion in all groups, the increase in release of LH was less in the aged groups than from pituitaries from the young male rats. Pituitary LH content of the aged male group was only about 1/4 that of the young group. PMID- 830727 TI - Normal "opportunistic" flora of the lower extremities related to postoperative surgical wound infections. PMID- 830729 TI - Activity patterns of elderly men and women. AB - The activity patterns of elderly men and women (greater than 60 years) were examined by diaries, ECG taperecorders, and electro-chemical integrators. Although the subjects thought that they were active relative to others of their age, both activity measurements and initial assessments of fitness indicated an inactive life style. At different periods of the day, the heart rate averaged 70 90 beats per minute, and the physical training threshold was rarely approached. During the week, the women engaged in 90 min. more physical activity than the men. However, at the weekend the men added an average of 100 min. of physical activity, whereas the women carried out 30 min. less physical work. Introduction of a 1-hour physical activity class four times per week increased the average daily energy expenditure by 150-200 kCal, to 2500 kCal in the men and 2200 kCal in the women. The added activity was sufficient to augment aerobic power, to induce favorable changes in body composition and to initiate change in other areas of life style, including a diminished use of the car. PMID- 830730 TI - Patterns of astroglial hypertrophy and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus of ages, memory-deficient rats. AB - The brains of aged and young Fischer rats were examined using a modified version of Cajal's gold chloride stain for astrocytes. A sizable loss of pyramidal cells and remarkably hypertrophic astrocytes were found in the hippocampus of the aged animals, while the astrocytic changes were not seen in other forebrain regions. Four major characteristics of the pattern of hippocampal astrogliosis were noted: (1) the astrocytes were often found to be grouped in clusters; (2) grouped astrocytes were commonly seen to have similarly oriented processes; (3) small blood vessels were more often stained in regions of pyramidal cell degeneration and astroglial hypertrophy; and (4) reactive astrocytes were in several instances found to be gathered on the "border" between deteriorated regions and healthier appearing areas. This pattern was interpreted to suggest that the astrocyte clusters may be analogous to senile plaques. Since the aged Fischer animals have previously been found to exhibit retention deficits, the possibility that the hippocampal pathology is related to impaired memory in these animals was raised. PMID- 830731 TI - Effect of eight weeks' physical training on muscle and connective tissue of the M. vastus lateralis in 69-year-old men and women. AB - Five one-hour exercise periods a week for 8 weeks included walking-jogging, swimming, gymnastics and ballgames for 26 healthy male and female 69-year-old pensioners. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the men increased from 28.9 ml-kg-1 min-1 before training to 32.0 ml-kg-1-min-1 after training and for the women from 27.9 to 31.3 ml-kg-1-min-1. Muscle malate dehydrogenase activity was increased while that for lactate dehydrogenase decreased or remained the same. The activity of these enzymes was higher in the male both before and after training when compared with the female. However, the percentage number of slow twitch muscle fibers was nearly the same in both groups. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was increased after training especially in the female subjects. These results show that endurance-type training leads to an enhanced capacity for aerobic metabolism in older subjects and that collagen metabolism in skeletal muscles is affected by physical training. PMID- 830732 TI - Effects of dimethylaminoethanol upon life-span and behavior of aged Japanese quail. AB - The lysosome hypothesis of aging predicts that membrane stabilizers will extend life-span. Stabilizers containing the dimethylaminoethanol moiety (DMAE) have been reported to extend the life-span of drosophila and mice. We tested the prediction in Japanese quail (N = 15) by administering DMAE bitartrate (18.4 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 69 weeks, starting at 195 weeks of age. A matched control group (N = 14) received tartaric acid (4.0 mg/kg/day) in the water. Contrary to the prediction, the DMAE-treated group has a shorter life-span after start of treatment (49 weeks) than the controls (69 weeks). No significant differences between the groups were observed in body weight or daily fluid intake. Three behavioral studies were carried out on survivors at 243-249 weeks of age, namely; activity response to light-flash; sexual mounting response to a female quail; and classical conditioning of the heart rate. Aged quail differed from young-adults in changes in motor activity in response to light flashes. Aged quail appeared less responsive initially to reinforced conditioning trials and demonstrated extinction when light flash was not followed by electric shock. There were no detectable differences in latency to mount or in basal heart rate, either as a function of age or as a function of DMAE treatment. PMID- 830733 TI - The effect of incidental hypothermia on elderly surgical patients. AB - Elderly surgical patients are especially susceptible to incidental hypothermia. Thermoregulatory mechanisms and cardiopulmonary systems are limited in recovery potential. To prevent postoperative shock secondary to decreased cardiac output an hypoxia, temperature should be carefully monitored with vital signs during and after surgery. PMID- 830734 TI - Age differences in the effects of palatability of diet on regulation of calorie intake and body weight of rats. AB - Is there an age-related decrement in the regulation of calorie intake? The results of Experiment I indicated that there was an age-related decrement in calorie intake and body weight of rats in response to dilution of their diet with non-nutritive cellulose. Was this decrement due to an age-related increase in reactivity to the sensory and hedonic aspects of the adulterated diet? The results of Experiment II indicated that older rats maintained their calorie intake and body weight as well as younger rats in response to dilution of their diet with water but decreased their calorie intake and body weight to a greater degree than younger rats when the water-diet mixture was adulterated by quinine. The results of these experiments suggest that the regulation of calorie intake remains intact over a large segment of the life of the rat, but can be overridden by age-related increases in reactivity to the sensory and hedonic aspects of the diet. PMID- 830735 TI - Factor analytic composition of the Geriatric Rating Scale (GRS). PMID- 830736 TI - Sex, verbal ability, and pacing differences in serial learning. AB - Serial rote learning was examined as a function of sex, verbal ability (average and high), and stimulus presentation rate (4 and 10 sec.) among 64 individuals aged 60-79 years. At the fast pacing speed, the men with average skills produced fewer responses and performed less well than their female counterparts whose performance was similar to that of the high verbal men and women. The average men benefited the most from the slower pacing speed. No sex difference was found at the 10-sec presentation speed. PMID- 830737 TI - Spontaneous.shift in encoding dimensions among elderly subjects. PMID- 830738 TI - Correlations of life satisfaction, morale and adjustment measures. AB - Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficients were computed for seven frequently used measures of life satisfaction, adjustment, and morale. Data on the seven instruments were collected from 259 subjects over the age of 60 representing three clusters: institutionalized older people, those with limited ambulation, and "community" aged. Intercorrelations among the measures indicate a high level of interrelationship. PMID- 830739 TI - Stratum contrasts and similarities in attitudes toward death. PMID- 830740 TI - Interrupted time series analysis: a research technique for evaluating social programs for the elderly. PMID- 830741 TI - Aged in cities: residential segregation in 10 USA central cities. AB - This study focuses on the segregation of the aged in ten USA cities. The objectives are to determine the degree of segregation of elderly within cities, and how the pattern varied from 1960 to 1970 by size of city, age of city, and for cities that are growing and declining in population. Census data were used to compare proportions of the population 65 and over living in central city and suburban locations, and a summary Index of Dissimilarity was computed to measure the degree of age segregation by census tracts. In all metropolitan areas there was a disproportionate share of the elderly residing within the central city and considerable segregation in certain census tracts within the city. However, the degree of segregation showed no pattern of increase between 1960 and 1970. There was less segregation of the aged in older, declining cities and greater segregation in younger, growing cities. These findings suggest that age segregation is in part a function of the urbanization process. PMID- 830742 TI - Isolation and characterization of Guinea pig properidin. AB - Guinea pig properdin was purified to homogeneity by employing as an assay during isolation its capacity to augment the hemolytic activity of a heterologous human C3b-dependent C3 convertase, C3B. The purified protein elicited a monospecific antibody response in a rabbit. The antiserum, by immunodiffusion, gave a reaction of identity between a protein in whole guinea pig serum and the immunogen. A solid phase immunoadsorbent prepared with the antiserum removed properdin function from the purified protein. The purified guinea pig protein exhibited the classical properdin function of reconstituting a human RP for zymosan-induced C3 inactivation. The guinea pig properdin also agglutinated red cell intermediates bearing either guinea pig or human C3b and retarded the decay of homologous C3 convertase, C3B. These activities are the same as those observed for purified human properdin and validate the amplification function of properdin on terminal component activation in a second species. PMID- 830743 TI - Hereditary C5 deficiency in man. III. Studies of hemostasis and platelet responses to zymosan. AB - Platelet-rich-plasma from two hemostatically normal individuals, genetically lacking the fifth component of complement (C5), failed to exhibit normal platelet aggregation, or serotonin release, in the presence of zymosan. This abnormality was found to reside in the C5D plasma rather than in the platelets as demonstrated by the inability of the deficient plasma to activate zymosan for the aggregation of washed normal platelets. The defect could be corrected by the addition of normal plasma, normal serlm, or highly purified human C5. A plasma abnormality similar to that found in the C5D individuals was also noted in plasmas deficient in C3, C6, and C7; whereas C8 plasma D behaved normally. These data suggest that this platelet reaction requires late acting C components, perhaps as the C567 complex, bound to the zymosan particles. PMID- 830744 TI - Passive transfer of systemic tumor immunity with cells generated in vitro by a secondary immune response to a syngeneic rat gross virus-induced lymphoma. AB - Spleen cells taken from W/Fu rats 4 to 6 weeks after immunization with the syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma, (C58NT)D cells, at a time when they lack detectable activity in a short-term 51Cr release assay, were previously shown to retain the capacity to generate cytotoxic activity upon reexposure to mitomycin C treated lymphoma (C58NT)D cells in vitro. In the studies presented here, we evaluated whether in vitro sensitization of immune lymphoid cells before systemic transfer to a nonimmune recipient allows for more effective transfer of tumor immunity. The results show that the passive transfer of immune spleen cells after in vitro cocultivation with mitomycin-treated (C58NT)D cells allows for inhibition of growth of a subcutaneous inoculum of lymphoma cells. In contrast, spleen cells obtained 4 to 6 weeks after primary sensitization or after secondary in vivo sensitization did not effectively confer anti-tumor immunity. As few as 5 x 107 in vitro sensitized cells permitted complete inhibition of 106 (C58NT)D cells and also allowed for inhibition of the growth of 107 (C58NT)D-F cells, which was lethal to control animals. Immune cells sensitized with syngeneic thymocytes or normal spleen cells sensitized with (C58NT)D cells in vitro did not confer in vivo anti-tumor immunity. After systemic transfer of in vitro sensitized cells, delayed hypersensitivity occurred at the site of tumor inoculation and tumor growth was suppressed. Specificity of the passive immunity was shown by the failure to inhibit growth of a polyoma virus-induced sarcoma in rats which inhibited growth of the Gross virus-induced lymphoma cells. In vitro sensitized cells were more effective in the transfer of anti-tumor protection after 5 days, as compared to 2 days, of cocultivation with tumor. Results show that in vitro sensitized cells can effectively transfer systemic tumor immunity. PMID- 830745 TI - Immunologic reactivity of the lung. III. Effects of corticosteroids on alveolar macrophage cytotoxic effector cell function. AB - The effects of various in vitro and in vivo regimens of corticosteroid administration on guinea pig alveolar macrophages were studied. Corticosteroid induced immunosuppression was assessed by the effect of drug administration on the total numbers and functional capabilities of alveolar macrophages as measured by the PHA-induced and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays against sheep red blood cell targets. In vivo administration of either hydrocortisone sodium succinate (100 mg/kg/one dose) or cortisone acetate (100 mg/subcutaneously for 7 days) caused a marked increase in the numbers of alveolar macrophages recovered from the teased lung cell suspensions and 4 and 24 hr, respectively, after the last injection. Both regimens of corticosteroid administration cause similar levels of peripheral blood lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia, 4 and 24 hr, respectively, after the final injection. Neither in vitro hydrocortisone (0, 1, and 10 mug/ml), nor hydrocortisone (100 mg/kg), in vivo had any effect on either the PHA-induced or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages. In marked contrast, cortisone acetate, depo-preparation which gives sustained elevations of plasma cortisol levels similar to those found for a brief period after i.v. injection of hydrocortisone caused a marked decrease in cytotoxic effect on function of alveolar macrophages suspensions. In a separate experiment, the suppressed killer cell function of the alveolar macrophages from steroid-treated animals was found not to be related to an intrinsic defect in killing of bound target cells since the defect in killing could be overcome by increasing the density of antibody and PHA on the target cells. PMID- 830746 TI - Cytophilic antibodies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Macrophage-cytophilic antibodies, with acetylcholine receptor specificity, are present in rabbits with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Such antibodies may have a significant role in the immunologic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. The induction of EAMG in rabbits was performed by injection of purified AChR from the electric organ of Torpedo californica. Both the binding of AChR specific cytophilic antibodies to normal macrophages and the presence of such antibodies bound in vivo to macrophages of sick animals were demonstrated in vitro. The amount of cytophilic antibodies was determined by measuring cell-associated radioactivity after the addition of 125I AChR. Cytophilic antibodies capable of binding to normal alveolar macrophages were detected in all animals 14 days after immunization, and were maintained through the severe stages of the disease. In addition, cytophilic anti-AChR antibodies were shown to be bound in vivo to alveolar macrophages drawn from severely sick rabbits, as was measured by a direct 125I-AChR binding to such macrophages. The role of cytophilic antibodies and in particular of macrophage associated cytophilic antibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not clear yet. The availability of AChR specific cytophilic antibodies can now be utilized for studying their role in the immunopathogenesis of EAMG. PMID- 830748 TI - Immunosuppression of T lymphocyte function by fractionated serum from tumor bearing mice. AB - Sera from mice with transplanted 3-methylcholantrene-induced tumors have been shown previously to inhibit the function of normal lymphoid cells. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-150, the fraction eluting with immunoglobulin has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response of normal spleen cells to concanavalin A and to inhibit the in vitro antibody response to a T-dependent antigen, but has a lesser effect on the antibody response to a T-independent antigen. This paper deals with studies on the mode of action of the serum factor. The immunoglobulin containing fraction of serum from tumor-bearing mice inhibited the in vitro generation of both allogeneic and syngeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes. Time course studies demonstrate that the serum fraction inhibits the generation of antibody-producing and cytotoxic lymphocytes if added during the first 2 days of a 5-day culture. Serum fractions added after day 2 had no effect on the in vitro response. The serum factor appears to inhibit the generation of specific T cell function during the proliferative stage of development but has no effect on the differentiation stage which leads to either antibody-producing cells or cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 830747 TI - C567-initiated cytolysis of lymphoid cells: description of the phenomenon and studies on its control by C567 inhibitors. AB - Cells of the Raji human lymphoblastoid line, when pretreated with the metabolic inhibitor puromycin were found to be susceptible to killing by the isolated proteins of the complement attack mechanism (C5-9). Incubation of 51Cr-labeled lymphoblastoid cells with purified C56 and C7 resulted in the formation of a lymphoblast-C567 (LC567) intermediate, and the addition of purified human C8 and C9 resulted in release of 51Cr from these cells. Serum C567 inhibitors (C567 INH), purified human lipoproteins, and dextran sulfate, each previously shown to inhibit the attachment of the C567 trimolecular complex to erythrocytes, also inhibited the formation of LC567, and as a consequence, C56-initiated cytotoxicity; the polycation protamine sulfate counteracted the inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate. Thus, the potential for damage of bystander nucleated cells exists when C56 is generated in solution, and is influenced by agents known to modulate the hemolytic activity of C567. It is suggested that these mechanisms may be involved in the control of the function as well as the viability of various nucleated cells. PMID- 830749 TI - Delineation and quantitation of human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations by electrophoretic mobility and role of surface charge in cell to cell interaction. AB - A modified procedure is proposed for determination of electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of lymphocytes which enables readings on 200 cells from a sample size of 5 x 106 lymphocytes. In normal human peripheral blood, B lymphocytes (bearing surface immunoglobulin and receptor for activated C3) were found to carry the lowest charge (0.94 +/- 0.05 mu/sec/V/cm). Their number on the EPM basis was 16.9 +/- 4.2%. Two subpopulations of T lymphocytes, one carrying high charge (TH) with a mean EPM of 1.26 +/- 0.04 mu/sec/V/cm and the other carrying lower charge (TL) with a mean EPM of 1.11 +/- 0.03 mu/sec/V/cm were discernible. The former subpopulation of T cells formed spontaneous rosettes with SRBC in 10 min and the latter represented the remaining T lymphocytes which formed rosettes with 24 hr of incubation with SRBC. The number of early rosette-forming cells increases from 69 to 89% when T cells were incubated with neuraminidase-treated SRBC. These observations suggest that complementary electrostatic charge on T cells and SRBC are among the forces facilitating formation of rosettes between these cells. PMID- 830751 TI - Immunologic injury in measles virus infection. III. Presence and characterization of human cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with chronic measles virus infection (SSPE) or from immune, adult humans (convalescent from acute childhood measles virus infection) are cytotoxic for target cells infected with measles virus as measured by a 51Cr assay. Specific release of 51Cr by immune PBL occurred both with and without human antibodies added to measles virus-infected cultures. Maximal killing in the absence of added antibodies to measles virus was usually detected only after 15 to 18 hr of incubation and with a high PBL to target ratio (100:1). When antibody to measles virus was added, PBL-mediated killing of virus-infected cells was not blocked. Instead, killing was enhanced and maximal lysis occurred with fewer PBL and a shorter incubation time. This cytotoxic reaction was inhibited in a dose-response manner upon the addition of Fab fragments of IgG containing antibodies to measles virus. On the average 4 to 5 x 105 antibody molecules bound per infected target cell before initiation of antibody-enhanced PBL killing. Depletion of either glass-adhering or E-rosette forming cells did not reduce PBL killing of measles virus-infected target cells in either system. In contrast, removal of non-E rosette or of EAC rosette-forming population of PBL almost completely abrogated cytotoxicity. When Fc-bearing cells were removed, killing of virus-infected target cells was concomitantly reduced. Lysis of measles virus-infected target cells did not require histocompatibility between the PBL and the target cell. Further, immunospecific lymphocyte killing was not enhanced by such a histocompatibility fit. These experiments indicate first, that the effector PBL involved in lysis of measles virus-infected targets are not T cells but are probably K cells and, second, that PBL obtained from patients with SSPE are competent in killing measles virus-infected targets. Moreover, sera from SSPE patients did not contain a factor(s) that blocked PBL mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 830750 TI - Quantitative immunoassay of adenosine deaminase in combined immunodeficiency disease. AB - We have developed a quantitative immunoassay for the measurement of human adenosine deaminase that requires neither purified enzyme nor monospecific antibody. With this technique, cultured fibroblasts from three immunodeficient patients were shown to contain adenosine deaminase as detected both catalytically and immunochemically. In one patient the level of immunoreactive enzyme exceeded the amount of catalytically active adenosine deaminase, suggesting a structural alteration in the enzyme molecule. PMID- 830752 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against measles virus in SSPE. I. Enhancement by antibody. AB - In patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus persistency has been explained by a blocking factor of specific cell-mediated immunity in SSPE serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study the effect of SSPE serum and CSF on cell-mediated cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled allogenic measles virus-infected target cells was tested. Pretreatment of SSPE peripheral lymphoid cells by serum or CSF neither blocked nor increased measles-specific cytotoxicity when cells were subsequently tested in FCS containing tissue culture medium. However, killing activity was always enhanced after pretreatment of target cells or direct addition of serum or CSF to the cytotoxic assay. Enhancement was also observed with non-SSPE-derived measles antibodies. The effect was dependent on measles antibody concentrations. These results suggest that antibody-dependent killing by K cells is intact in patients with SSPE. It is possible that virus-infected brain cells are protected from an immune attack in vivo by antibody-induced antigenic modulation. PMID- 830753 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against measles virus in SSPE. II. Analysis of cytotoxic effector cells. AB - An analysis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) lymphocytes was performed in order to find out whether T or K cells were involved in killing of 51Cr-labeled allogeneic measles virus-infected target cells. Lymphocyte donors were three patients with SSPE, 10 measles seropositive controls and 2 children with measles rash. It was found that about 75% of measles-specific cytotoxicity was lost after removal of Fc-receptor-bearing cells by adsorption onto immune complex monolayers. K cell activity (as measured by lysis of 51Cr-labeled sensitized chicken red blood cells) was reduced to the same extent. After adsorption, the enhancing effect by specific antibody was no longer observed. Unfractionated peripheral lymphoid cells that had been treated with pronase and kept in culture 24 hr were inactive in the cytotoxicity test when compared to freshly isolated cells. However, cytotoxicity could be restored almost completely by the addition of measles antibodies. The results indicate that measles-specific cytotoxicity by peripheral lymphoid cells from all three groups of donors is mediated by K cells. It is probable that specificity is provided by a small amount of contaminating serum antibody or immune complexes. PMID- 830754 TI - The formation and fate of virus antigen-antibody complexes. AB - We report the fate of 125I human IgG measles virus antibodies complexed to virus antigens expressed on the surfaces of HeLa cells persistently infected with measles virus. Each HeLa cell expressing viral antigens on its surface bound about 7.5 x 106 IgG molecules under saturation conditions. Three hours after 125I antiviral IgG bound to and saturated all antigenic sites on infected cells, 30% of the counts were released (85% TCA ppt), after 12 hr 60%, and after 24 hr 75% (30% TCA ppt). By linear sucrose density centrifugation about 30% of the counts released from infected cells at 3 hr sedimented faster than 7S IgG, 60% sedimented at the 7S position whereas 10% (non-TCA ppt) were found at the top of the gradient. Using specific rabbit antibody to measles virus hamagglutinin or nucleocapsid, we found that hemagglutinin, but not nucleocapsid antigen, was present in the heavy complexes. These experiments show that after anti-measles virus antibody binds to cell surface measles viral antigens (i.e.. hemagglutinin), immune complexes form and are shed into culture fluids. In addition part of immune complex is endocytosed and broken into small m.w. components. Shedding of virus antigen-antibody complexes from the cell's surface may be an important source of the circulating complexes found in virus-infected humans and animals. PMID- 830755 TI - F1 resistance to AKR lymphoma cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - AKR X DBA/2 (AKD2F1) mice resist growth of injected spontaneous AKR lymphoma cells. In vitro, normal F1 responder cells generate Thy-1 positive effector cells specifically cytotoxic for the sensitizing antigens of parental AKR normal or lymphoma cells. The possibility is considered that the homozygous normal and neoplastic AKR cells express antigenic determinants, analogous to hemopoietic histocompatibility (Hh) antigens, which are recognized by the F1 hybrid, resulting in in vivo tumor resistance and in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 830756 TI - IgE synthesis in man. I. Development of specific IgE antibodies after immunization with tetanus-diphtheria (Td) toxoids. AB - Specific IgE and IgG antibodies were measured in 39 adolescent and adult humans preselected to have less than 0.125 antitoxin units (AU) ml to tetanus antitoxin (IgG) irrespective of previous immunization history. Mean antitoxin values (IgG) measured by sheep red cell hemagglutination (SRBC) increased by 2 logs to 1.49 AU/ml sera for tetanus and by 1 log to 0.025 AU/ml sera for diphtheria. Specific tetanus IgE was noted to increase after immunization from a mean 2.0 +/- 0.2% counts bound to 3.1 +/- 0.6% counts bound, but was not statistically significant. Diphtheria-specific IgE rose significantly (p less than 0.05) from a mean 1.5 +/- 0.2% counts bound to a mean 4.0 +/- 1.2% counts bound in atopic individuals and from a mean 1.2 +/- 0.0% counts bound to a mean 2.2 +/- 0.5% counts bound in nonatopics. These data document the development of tetanus and diphtheria IgE antibodies after booster immunization. PMID- 830758 TI - Host cell modification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Newcastle disease virus altering viral inactivation by human complement. AB - Complement in human serum inactivated several enveloped viruses, but for some viruses the degree of inactivation depended on their passage history. In short, human serum detected cell-induced modifications of virions. Normal human serum, lacking detectable neutralizing antibodies to the virions, inactivated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) when the viruses were passed through some cell lines but not others. Host cell modification was further documented with LCMV since antibody to the cell (in conjunction with a complement source) inactivated virus produced by that cell. The mechanism by which human serum inactivated LCMV passed through L cells was determined. By using serum immunochemically depleted in the classical complement pathway component C4 and/or the alternative complement pathway component factor B, as well as other methods, it was shown that LCMV was inactivated via the classical complement pathway. Absorption and immune precipitation experiments indicated that the inactivation of LCMV by complement was mediated by natural antibody directed against the host (L-929) cell. NDV grown in chick embryo cells could be unactivated by either complement pathway in the absence of the other. A requirement for antibody could not be demonstrated in the NDV system. On the basis of these data it is proposed that alterations in virulence dependent upon passage of the virus in cells or animals may be partially explained by changes in virus sensitivity to human serum inactivation. PMID- 830757 TI - Cholesterol-dependent human complement activation resulting in damage to liposomal model membranes. AB - Human (but not guinea pig) complement-mediated damage. It was concluded that human complement was activated spontaneously by liposomes containing a high concentration (71 mol %) of cholesterol. This occurred in the absence of any recognizable antigen or antibody, and did not occur at a low concentration (43 mol %) of cholesterol. Activation of complement resulted in membrane damage and release of trapped liposomal glucose. The complement activity was inhibited by preheating (56 degrees C, 30 min), 10 mM Mg2EDTA3 or EGTA, and by prior adsorption with insoluble immune complexes. Almost all human sera had some reactivity, but it ranged from very low levels (less than 7% liposomal glucose release) to very high levels (greater than 50% glucose release). Complement activation appeared to be mediated by a serum factor which could be removed by adsorption and which was partially heat labile. The factor was transferred by adding heated high reacting human serum to unheated low reacting human serum, or to guinea pig serum. The serum factor, although quantitatively diminished in potency due to heat lability, caused equal activation of each of these two latter complement sources in the presence of high cholesterol liposomes. It did not cause activation of C4-deficient guinea pig complement. These data suggested that the classical complement pathway was activated. The liposomal membrane composition had an influence on this phenomenon. Activities of about half of the human sera were enhanced when galactosyl ceramide, or ceramide alone, was present in the liposomes. Activity was enhanced by longer fatty acyl chain lengths of lecithin when dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, or distearoyllecithin was employed in the liposomes. Liposomes containing sphingomyelin as the only phospholipid were not sensitive to cholesterol-dependent complement-mediated damage. It was concluded that human complement was activated in the presence of high concentrations of membrane cholesterol and that this was caused by an uncharacterized serum factor and was influenced by the lipid composition of the membrane. PMID- 830759 TI - Immunization with p30 enhances the growth of a rat Moloney sarcoma. PMID- 830760 TI - A disaccharide hapten from streptococcal group C carbohydrate that cross-reacts with the Forssman glycolipid. AB - A disaccharide hapten was isolated in approximately 20% yield from an acid hydrolysate of the streptococcal Group C carbohydrate. This disaccharide was assigned the structure 3-0-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine on the basis of chemical and immunochemical data. The ability of the hapten to inhibit completely the binding between Group C carbohydrate and most Group C antibodies indicated that this disaccharide is the immunodominant feature of the Group C carbohydrate. Fractionation of antisera on an alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine immunoadsorbent column yielded several populations of anti-Group C antibodies. The reaction between labeled Group C carbohydrate and antibodies which strongly bound the immunoadsorbent column was 50% inhibitable by the disaccharide hapten when the hapten was added in approximately 15-fold excess (w/w) of the labeled antigen. On the other hand, the binding of those antibodies which did not bind to the immunoadsorbent column was poorly inhibited under these conditions. The Forssman glycosphingolipid, which has a common terminal digalactosamine unit, was shown to likewise inhibit Group C carbohydrate binding reactions. PMID- 830761 TI - Complement activation by interaction of polyanions and polycations. III. Complement activation by interaction of multiple polyanious and polycations is the presence of C-reactive protein. AB - Interactions between heparin and protamine previously were found to result in activation of the complement (C) system. In the present investigation, this interaction was shown to result in the binding of purified C1, and this was markedly enhanced in the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP also enhanced C consumption during heparin-protamine interactions in whole serum, and in the presence of CRP depletion of C components C1-3 was observed. Similar C1 binding and C consumption in the presence of CRP were seen upon the interaction of multiple additional polyanions including DNA, ENA, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and dextran sulfate with the polycations protamine sulfate and poly-L lysine. These effects were observed with CRP concentrations well within the range found in normal human sera and considerably less than those found in most acute phase sera. We suggest, therefore, C activation by polyanion-polycation interactions in the presence of CRP may be important to certain reactions of host defense and inflammation. PMID- 830763 TI - Sickle cell anemia support services. PMID- 830762 TI - Structural differences between parent and mutant H-2K glycoproteins from two H-2K gene mutants: b6.c-h-2ba (Hzl) and B6-H-2bd (M505). AB - The H-2K glycoproteins from two mouse mutants B6.C-H-2ba (Hzl) and B6-H-2bd (M505) were isolated, and by tryptic peptide mapping techniques, were compared with each other and with the H-2K glycoprotein from the parent strain C57BL/6 (H 2b). The elution profile of the acid-soluble tryptic peptides from the H-2Kba glycoprotein showed that at least two to three arginine-labeled peptides and one lysine-labeled peptide were different from the H-2Kb product of the parent. These peptides were distinct from the soluble peptides which constitute the difference which was found between the H-2K products of H-2bd and the H-2b parent strains. The comparative peptide maps thus demonstrate small but significant primary structural differences among the H-2Kba, H-2Kbd, and H-2Kb glycoproteins. The findings are in agreement with the suggestion that alterations in the H-2K products from these two mutants are sufficient to permit their cells to stimulate each other and the parent cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and to serve as target cells for the cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) test. Because there is a significant reactivity in MLR and CML between H-2Kb, H-2Kba and H-2Kbd cells whereas there is no serologic reactivity, our findings are consistent with the notion there is a separation of the site(s) on the H-2 molecule having serologic reactivity and the site(s) involved in the MLR and CML reactivities. PMID- 830764 TI - Sickle cell anemia--the disease and current directions in research. PMID- 830766 TI - Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. PMID- 830765 TI - Sickle Hemoglobin and related variants: the role of genetic counseling. PMID- 830767 TI - Thermography of the nose and ear in relation to the skin lesions of lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and lupus pernio. AB - The nasal and aural temperature patterns of 100 normal subjects have been investigated by infrared thermography, paying particular attention to possible errors of instrumentation and technique which may arise in such areas of complex morphology. Although by no means invariable, the pattern of themograms confirms that certain areas which are relatively cool are often affected in lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and lupus pernio. In lepromatous leprosy, low temperature appears to govern the localization of disease in most parts of the body, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Thermography may have a place in the investigation of other skin diseases in which the distribution of lesions on the body surface is unexplained. PMID- 830768 TI - The ichthyosis mouse: histologic, histochemical, ultrastructural, and autoradiographic studies of interfollicular epidermis. AB - Interfollicular epidermis from back and tail of the recessive mutant mouse ichthyosis (ic/ic) was studied by histologic, histochemical, ultrastructural, and autoradiographic techniques and compared to heterozygous and Swiss S mouse epidermis. In the ic/ic mouse the stratum corneum was thickened, the granular layer prominent, and the stratum spinosum hyperplastic. Staining reactions for certain respiratory and lysosomal enzymes were more pronounced in epidermis of both back and tail. Ultrastructural studies of ic/ic epidermis demonstrated excessively clumped tonofilaments and increased numbers of mitochondria, ribonuclear protein particles, and membrane-coating granules in the stratum spinosum cells. Dilated intercellular junctions between the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum cells were packed with membrane-coating and amorphous material. Profuse keratin-forming structures, abnormally large keratohyaline granules, and persistent mitochondria were seen in the stratum granulosum cells. In the stratum corneum, inclusions were prominent and persisted into the upper layers of cells, which were irregular in outline and greatly thickened. No differences in epidermal cell transit time or labeling index were demonstrated among the three types of mice. PMID- 830769 TI - Ultrastructure of the human dermal microcirculation. II. The capillary loops of the dermal papillae. AB - Electron microscopy was used to define the ultrastructure of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of normal, eczematous, and psoriatic skin. Capillary loops were reconstructed from 1-mum plastic-embedded sections. Ultrathin sections were taken at 4- to 6-mum intervals for correlation with the thick sections. The capillary loops of normal forearm and elbow skin could be divided into two segments: an intrapapillary and extrapapillary portion. The intrapapillary portion had the ultrastructural characteristics of an arterial capillary- homogeneous-appearing basement membrane without bridged fenestrations. The ascending limb in the extrapapillary portion was also an arterial capillary and the descending limb in the same portion had venous characteristics--multilayered basement membrane. The intrapapillary arterial loop developed venous characteristics abruptly after the vessel left the dermal papilla proper. The capillary loops in acute nummular eczema were identical in ultrastructure to those of normal skin. Bridged fenestrations were found in one capillary loop in eczema but not in normal skin. By contrast, the intrapapillary capillary loops in psoriasis were venous capillaries which were characterized by bridge fenestrations and multilayered basement membrane. The ultrastructural features of the capillary loops and those of the microcirculatory segments in the horizontal dermal plexus should provide sufficient criteria for one to evaluate the nature of vascular abnormalities that occur in the upper dermis. PMID- 830770 TI - Studies in porphyria. VI. Biosynthesis of porphyrins in mammalian skin and in the skin of porphyric patients. AB - Porphyrin biosynthesis in mammalian skin and in skin obtained from patients with selected types of porphyria has been studied. Cutaneous porphyrinogenesis required the precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) which, when added to murine, rat, and human skin in vitro, was rapidly converted to porphyrins. Total porphyrin content was quantitated by fluorescence assay, and spectral studies indicated that more than 80% of the porphyrin produced was protoporphyrin. The majority of skin porphyrinogenesis occurrred in epidermis or in epidermal derivatives such as hair roots. Known inducers of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS), the rate-limiting enzyme for heme biosynthesis, were not inducers when added to skin in vitro. Skin from patients with acute intermittent porphyria demonstrated a 43% decrease in cutaneous porphyrin production as compared to unaffected normals. This is consistent with the known deficiency of uroporphyrinogen synthetase that has been previously demonstrated in the liver and red blood cells of these patients. Porphyrinogenesis in skin of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda was not different from controls. These studies demonstrate that skin has the enzymatic capacity to synthesize porphyrins from added ALA and that cutaneous porphyrinogenesis from ALA is deficient in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 830771 TI - Ultrastructure of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of psoriasis. AB - Electron microscopy was used to define the ultrastructure of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of psoriatic lesions. Pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch and psoriasis vulgaris were studied before and after treatment with the Goeckerman regimen. Capillary loops were reconstructed from 1-mum plastic embedded sections. Ultrathin sections were taken at intervals for correlation with the 1-mum sections. There were no ultrastructural differences between the capillary loops in psoriasis vulgaris and pustular psoriasis. The intrapapillary portion of the loop was predominantly a venous capillary. Four basic ultrastructural loop patterns were recognized which can serve as markers in studying the responses of psoriatic loops in various experimental situations. Following 3 weeks of Goeckerman therapy, the morphology of psoriatic capillary loops changed from venous capillaries to arterial capillaries which are found in the papillae of normal skin. This transformation was observed to begin 48 to 72 hr after the initiation of therapy. PMID- 830772 TI - Effect on bone growth of daily versus alternate-day corticosteroid administration: an experimental study. AB - Young rabbits that received large doses of corticosteroids on an alternate-day basis grew normally and showed muscle and bone turnover patterns indistinguishable from those of untreated animals. In contrast, the daily administration of corticosteroids profoundly affected the skeletal system: growth ceased, and there were marked narrowing and premature closure of the epiphyseal plates. Osteoporotic changes were present at 1 week and progressed during the next 9 weeks. Muscle atrophy occurred early in the course of treatment and was associated with increased muscle fat deposition. Thus, in this study, alternate day administration of corticosteroids clearly lessened the corticosteroid side effects of growth retardation, osteoporosis, and muscle wasting. PMID- 830773 TI - Normal plasma arginine esterase and the Hageman factor (factor XII) prekallikrein-kininogen system in cystic fibrosis. AB - Previous investigators have suggested that the biological activity of plasma prekallikrein is defective in cystic fibrosis. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrable between normal and cystic fibrosis plasma. Esterolytic activity for the synthetic substrate p-toluene sulfonyl-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) evolved normally in cystic fibrosis plasma treated with chloroform and ellagic acid, a measure of generation of plasma kallikrein. Additionally, plasma prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) and high molecular weight kininogen (Fitzgerald factor), a substrate of plasma kallikrein, were normal. Thus, the concept that cystic fibrosis is associated with abnormalities in the plasma kallikrein-kinin system could not be supported. PMID- 830775 TI - The effect of synthetic diether phospholipid on lipid absorption in the rat. AB - The effect of synthetic diether phosphatidylcholine on lipid absorption in the rat was studied to determine whether this material inhibited absorption of either cholesterol or fatty acid. A lipid emulsion was prepared with sodium taurocholate, phospholipid, 3H-cholesterol, 14C-triolein, and oleic acid. Emulsion given to controls contained pig liver phosphatidylcholine as the source of phospholipid. For experimentals it was supplied as diether phosphatidylcholine. Emulsions were given by gavage into the stomach and recoveries of radioactive lipids in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract were determined with radioactive techniques 4 and 24 hours after receipt of the lipid challenge. Significantly greater amounts of 3H-cholesterol were recovered unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimental rats at both 4 and 24 hours after administration of labeled lipids. Somewhat more of the 14C-oleic acid label derived from labeled triolein was also recovered unabsorbed in experimentals, although a significant difference was not observed between experimentals and controls. It is concluded that nondigestible (diether) phosphatadidylcholine inhibits absorption of cholesterol. This phospholipid, however, had no appreciable affect on fatty acid absorption as definitive malabsorption of this material was not observed under the conditions of this study. PMID- 830774 TI - Inhibition of some functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by in vitro zinc. AB - In granulocytes isolated by dextran sedimentation from dog blood, the O2 consumption, phagocytosis of yeast particles, and E. coli killing were tested in Tris-guffered saline medium with additions of Zn++, Mg++, and other divalent cations and in the presence or absence of plasma. Zn++ inhibited all three cell functions in a concentration-related manner only in the presence of 1.2 mM Mg++. Without Mg++ in the medium the lower concentrations of Zn++ (17 to 67 muM) were stimulatory; 83 muM Zn++ concentration was inhibitory. A close association was found between the inhibitory effect of Zn++ and the actual content of zinc in the cell: (1) the uptake of zinc from the medium was minimal during the first minute, where no Zn++ effect on cell functions was manifest, (2) when zinc-loaded cells with inhibited activity were washed and reincubated for at least 15 minutes in zinc-free medium, almost 95 per cent of the zinc was washed out and cell activity was normalized. This indicated reversibility of the zinc effect, (3) in the presence of increasing concentrations of autologous plasma in the medium, the effect of zinc was proportionally less pronounced and at the same time uptake of zinc by cells was decreased. Of the six divalent cations studied at 50 muM concentration and in the presence of Mg++, only Zn++ was inhibitory, Se and Co were inactive, and Mn and Cu stimulated O2 consumption of latex-activated granulocytes. We conclude that zinc ions, in the presence of Mg++ in the medium, inhibit various functions of dog peripheral granulocytes and this effect is closely associated with zinc uptake by the cells. The effect is reversible and specific for this metal. PMID- 830776 TI - Activation of complement components C3 and factor B in synovial fluids. AB - Synovial fluids from 106 patients with various types of arthritis were examined for the presence of conversion products of C3 by means of crossed antigen antibody electrophoresis and for products of factor B by immunoelectrophoresis. C3 conversion was found in all 15 fluids from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, in 11 of 15 with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, in the majority with probable and possible rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, pseudogout, gout, Reiter's syndrome, and frequently in other arthritides studied, but in only one of 15 with degenerative arthritis. In 53 synovial fluids a single C3 conversion peak was seen in addition to the native protein and in 18 others two conversion peaks were present. In many synovial fluids showing conversion whole-complement titers and C3 protein concentrations were normal. In both rheumatoid arthritis and crystal synovitis the per cent of C3 conversion, as estimated by planimetry, correlated with synovial fluid leukocyte counts, Factor B conversion was found in 31 fluids and usually occurred in fluids also showing C3 conversion. The findings indicate that in vivo activation of components of the classical and alternative considered mediated by immune complexes. Activation is also commonly present in a wide variety of other inflammatory arthritides and ofter would not be recognized by measuring only concentrations of hemolytic whole complement or C3 by immunodiffusion. The positive association between C3 conversion and synovial fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggests that chemotactic factors generated from complement may be responsible for the attraction of leukocytes into the synovial space in these diseases. PMID- 830777 TI - Solubilization of the ileal receptor intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 comples in the rat. AB - Solubilization of the ileal receptor for intrinsic factor-B12 complex (IF-B12) was attempted by extracting ileal mucosa of the rat with an alkaline buffer of pH 10 and mechanical grinding. The ileal extract, when incubated with homologous IF 57CoB12 and applied on a bio-Gel A-5m column, produced a macromolecular fraction containing IF-57CoB12, which is presumed to be a complex of receptor (Rec) and IF B12. Ileal extract after centrifugation at 100 000 g for 1 hour still yielded Rec IF-B12. Formation of this complex in vitro was also demonstrated by agar-gel electrophoresis in which a new peak appeared near the origin. This fraction was in the void volume of a Sephadex G-200 column. Ileal extracts obtained 1.5 and 3 hours after oral administration of 57CoB12 contained Rec-IF-57CoB12. Treatment of Rec-IF-B12 with EDTA or trypsin released IF-B12, suggesting involvement of divalent cations in Rec-IF-B12 and a protein nature of Rec. PMID- 830778 TI - Effect of calcium gluconate infusion on renin in the dog. AB - We have previously reported that infusion of CaCl2 into the renal artery of the dog inhibits renin release. To evaluate the possible importance of the anion delivered with calcium, similar experiments were performed in 10 dogs with equivalent amounts of calcium gluconate (0.3 mg. of Ca++ per kilogram of body weight per minute). The experiment consisted of three successive 15 minute control periods, followed by three 15 minute calcium gluconate infusion periods and two 15 minute recovery periods. During calcium gluconate infusion, mean serum Ca++, and ECa++, ENa+, and EFNa+ from the infuses kidney increased (p less than 0.005). Systolic blood pressure (142 mm. Hg +/- 8S.E.), renal blood flow (137 ml. per minute +/- 11 S.E.), creatinine clearance, and aldosterone excretion (12.0 ng. per 15 minute +/- 1.5 S.E.) did not change (p less than 0.3). Renal venous PRA (28.4 ng. per millileter per hour +/- 7.5 S.E.) decreased (p less than 0.014). The per cent decrease of PRA correlated (r = -0.70) with the per cent increase EFNa+ (p less than 0.001). Calcium gluconate had a lesser (p less than 0.01) inhibitory effect on renin than CaCl2, despite greater excretion of Ca++ and Na++ during calcium gluconate infusion. Taken together, the results indicate that Ca++ inhibits renin release, although the extent of the inhibition is modified by the anion accompanying Ca++. The effect of Ca++ on renin may be mediated by NaCl transport across the macula densa. PMID- 830779 TI - Partial characterization of a cell-directed inhibitor of leukotaxis in human serum. AB - A leukotactic defect is described in a man with a low cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count in the presence of an acute listeria meningitis. On the basis of subsequent studies with his serum and normal human serum, a leukotactic inhibitor has been identified. This inhibitor, termed the cell-directed inhibitor (CDI), is relatively heat stable and nondialyzable. By ultracentrifugal analysis in sucrose density gradient, the inhibitor has been resolved into two activities with estimated sedimentation coefficients of 7 and 10 S. It interacts directly with neutrophils and monocytes to render them chemotactically defective. CDI also impairs the phagocytic function of neutrophils. Evidence is presented that an antagonist to the inhibitor is present in normal serum. CDI and its antagonist are probably normally occurring regulators of leukotaxis. In the patient studied, an elevated CDI serum level may be related to the development of the listeria infection and failure of cutaneous response to skin test antigens. PMID- 830780 TI - Albumin excretion by the kidney: the effects of volume expansion. AB - With the use of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat albumin, urine albumin excretion rate (UalbV) was measured under baseline conditions and following saline-induced volume expansion. Volume expansion was associated with a significant increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume (V), fractional excretion of sodium (FEna), and UalbV (p less than 0.002). The increase in UalbV correlated far better with the increase in GFR than the increase in F and FEna, which suggests that volume expansion results in an increased albumin filtration with saturation of the tubular reabsorptive capacity. PMID- 830781 TI - Effect of propranolol on normal human erythrocytes. AB - The present study was undertaken to standardize the effect of propranolol on normal human red cells and thus establish certain parameters enabling us to evaluate propranolol's effect on pathological cells. Normal human erythrocytes lost 40 MEq. of potassium, decreased the intracellular pH by 0.06 units, and shifted the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve 6.0 mm. Hg to the right in the presence of propranolol. The series of events and magnitude of the response induced by propranolol was time dependent and sensitive to temperature, pH, drug concentration, and erythrocyte concentration. Calcium was an absolute requirement for maximal propranolol action with simultaneous incorporation of trace amounts of radioactive calcium into the cell. Chelation of calcium with EDTA or EGTA inhibited the response to propranolol. PMID- 830782 TI - In vivo evidence for the functional heterogeneity of transferrin-bound iron. IV. Selective uptake by erythroid precursors of radioiron from portal vein plasma transferrin during intestinal iron absorption. AB - In addition to the previously demonstrated selective tissue uptake of iron from the two binding sites of transferrin, the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis predicts that iron absorbed by the intestine is delivered selectively to the erythroblast oriented iron-binding site of transferrin in portal plasma. We have tested this prediction in rats by measuring in vitro the rate and amount of radioiron taken up by reticulocytes and bone marrow erythroblasts from selectively labeled portal plasma and randomly labeled peripheral plasma. Portal plasma transferrin was significantly more effective than peripheral plasma in delivering radioiron to both reticulocytes and marrow erythroblasts; on a per-cell basis the erythroblasts took up about five times more radioiron. Iron-deficient reticulocytes were more avid but less discriminating than iron-replete reticulocytes in uptake of iron from the two plasma sources. When injected into normal test rats in vivo, radioiron from portal plasma was preferentially removed by red cell precursors and preferentially incorporated into heme extracted from marrow and spleen. These results support the concept of selective release of iron to erythroblast-oriented binding sites of portal plasma transferrin by intestinal cells during absorption. Combined with previously demonstrated selective tissue uptake of iron from transferrin, these experiments offer strong support for the active role of transferrin in the internal iron exchange of the rat. PMID- 830784 TI - New faculty: recruit pursuit. PMID- 830783 TI - Alterations in enterkinase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase in response to variation in dietary protein content in the rat. AB - In rats fed equal amounts of isocaloric high-protein (HPR) and low-protein (LPR) diets, studies were performed on the mucosal activities of enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase and on the activities of these enzymes and of trypsin in washings obtained from the contents of two standard 5 cm. segments of duodenum, located proximal (Segment I) and distal (Segment II) to the main pancreatic duct. Mean mucosal weights and tissue protein per segment were 1.3-fold higher in rats fed HPR diets. In Segment I, but not Segment II, mucosal activities per segment were higher in HPR for enterkinase (threefold) and alkaline phosphatase (twofold). In luminal washings trypsin did not differ between the two groups; in HPR luminal levels of enterkinase were significantly higher in Segment II and those of alkaline phosphatase were similarly elevated in Segment I. Irrespective of diet the major activity of both enzymes was in mucosal fractions. Studies of total activity of each enzyme showed that the enzymes behave rather similarly, with the major differences between the dietary groups discernible in Segment I. These data stress the importance of dietary protein content in intestinal enzyme adaptation and reveal regional variation in the responses of the different enzymes. PMID- 830785 TI - Erythropoietic inhibitory activity of plasma fractions from hypertransfused sheep. AB - The plasma and serum of polycythemic animals and man are reported to exhibit erythropoietic inhibitory activity in certain bioassay systems. The plasmas of hypertransfused and normal sheep were fractionated by the methods of Cohn and Weimer and their associates, and the major fractions assayed for stimulatory or inhibitory activity in the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay system. The results indicate that the inhibitory activity acquired with hypertransfusion can be demonstrated in fraction VI of Cohn's and in precipitate of D of Weimer's methods and that the activity of each is retained in the eluates from G-200 Sephadex columns. PMID- 830786 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. III. Time course and correlation between the response to native nuclease and the response to its polypeptide fragments. AB - The progression of the Ir gene-controlled antibody response to staphylococcal nuclease in mice with repeated immunizations has been examined. H-2-linked control of the response to a single immunization with 100 mug of nuclease in complete Freund's adjuvant was confirmed. However, among strains of the high responder H-2a haplotype, the response of the A/J mice was about 10-fold higher than that of the B10.A, indicating additional non-H-2-linked control. In addition, the low responder C57BL/10 (H-2b) strain produced antibody levels as high as or higher than those of the congenic high responder B10.A (H-2a) strain when both strains were repeatedly immunized, indicating complexity even in the H 2-linked control of the response to this small monomeric protein. Polypeptide fragments of nuclease were also studied as immunogens. The antibody response to one fragment (residues 99-149) was found to follow the same pattern among five strains tested as that to whole nuclease. However, in this case the C57BL/10 was found to be a nonresponder rather than a low responder, failing to develop a response despite repeated immunizations. In contrast, the C57BL/10 showed a low but significant response to another fragment (residues 1-126) of nuclease. These results suggest that the apparent H-2-linked control of the response to whole nuclease is a reflection of the ability to recognize a determinant(s) in the region from residues 99 to 149, and that the eventual response of the C57BL/10 strain after hyperimmunization reflects the recognition of other determinants. If these observations reflect the common recognition of a determinant on native nuclease and on a random-conformation fragment, they have implications about the conformational specificity of the receptors, or the flexibility of the determinants, involved in H-2-linked Ir-gene control. In addition, evidence is presented for a possible second H-2-linked gene (or genes) controlling the response to other determinants of nuclease expressed on the polypeptide fragments. PMID- 830787 TI - Antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated damage to 51Cr-labeled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: damage by purieid eosinophils. AB - After earlier observations that antibody-dependent, cell-mediated damage to 51Cr labeled schistosomula can be ablated by pretreatment of a mixed preparation of human peripheral blood leukocytes with an anti-eosinophil serum and complement, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of eosinophil-enriched cell preparations. Preparations containing up to 98.5% eosinophils and devoid of neutrophils were effective in mediating antibody-dependent damage to schistosomula. Preparations enriched in mononuclear cells or in neutrophils, and devoid of eosinophils, were inactive. Eosinophils from some patients with eosinophilia induced by schistosomiasis were less active on a cell-to-cell basis than cells from normal individuals. The possibility that such cells were initially blocked by immune complexes was considered, and it was found that reasonable cytotoxicity by purified eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia could be generated by overnight cultures. A possible requirement for cooperation between eosinophils and other cell types was also studied. Lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes failed to enhance eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity. These results provide further evidence that the eosinophil is the only cell in man responsible for antibody dependent, complement-independent damage to schistosomula in vitro. Eosinophils from individuals, however, differ in their cytotoxic potential by a mechanism yet to be elucidated. The possible relationship of these findings to immunity in vivo is discussed. PMID- 830788 TI - A murine tumor producing a matrix of basement membrane. AB - We have studied a murine tumor previously classified as a poorly differentiated chondrosarcoma. Although the cells in this tumor are surrounded by large quantities of extracellular matrix material, the matrix fails to react with stains specific for the sulfated glycosaminoglycans present in normal cartilage. Here we show at the ultrastructural level that the tumor matrix is a homogeneous, nonfibrillar material, resembling basement membrane. Neither the proteoglycan matrix granules nor collagen fibrils characteristic of cartilage are present in the tumor matrix. Amino acid analyses of whole tumor tissue, enzyme-solubilized tumor components, and the protein extracted from lathyritic tumors confirmed that the tumor matrix is a basement membrane collagen. The collagenous protein extracted from the tumor by nonenzymatic means contains three unique polypeptides larger than the alpha-chain components of the other types of collagen. These studies indicate that the tumor is not a type of chondrosarcoma but a basement membrane producing tumor. PMID- 830789 TI - The flow of blood to lymph nodes and its relation to lymphocyte traffic and the immune response. AB - The blood flow to individual lymph nodes of sheep and rabbits has been determined with 85Sr-labeled microspheres. A popliteal node of the sheep received 0.014% of the cardiac output and a comparable node in the rabbit 0.011%. A sheep lymph node weighing 1 g received an average of 24 ml/h of blood. It was calculated that there was a highly selective removal of lymphocytes by the node and that an equivalent to one in every four lymphocytes that entered a normal lymph node migrated out of the blood, through the substance of the node, and into the efferent lymph. During the immune response to either allogeneic lymphocytes or tuberculin, the blood flow to sheep lymph nodes, even without considering the increase in node weight, increased an average of fourfold. During the primary immune response in the rabbit to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the blood flow increased threefold. The increase in blood flow preceded the antigen-induced increase in lymphocyte traffic recorded in the efferent lymph. The early phase of increased blood flow was considered to be due to hyperemia, whereas the latter phase had a significant angiogenesis component. It was calculated that an equivalent to 60% of the entire mobilizable pool of lymphocytes could pass through an average lymph node in the blood during an immune response lasting 5 days. PMID- 830790 TI - Distribution of maternal immunoglobulins in the mouse uterus and embryo in the days after implantation. AB - The distribution of maternal immunoglobulins in the mouse uterus and embryo in the days after implantation has been studied on sections incubated with sheep Fab anti-mouse immunoglobulins labeled with peroxidase. At the time of implantation the blastocyst is already surrounded by immunoglobulins that are also present in the blastocoel and early endoderm; uterine glands contain large amounts of immunoglobulins. Later, immunoglobulins are concentrated in the vacuolated endoderm, then the visceral yolk sac and the embryonic gut. They are also present in the various cavities of the embryo. Trophoblast cells progressively contain increasing amounts of immunoglobulins. In the decidua, immunoglobulins coat the cells and also occasionally appear as cytoplasmic granules. The early presence of maternal immunoglobulins may represent the transfer of serum proteins as a means of nutrition for the embryo. It is also very likely to have an immunological significance in the protection of the embryo. PMID- 830793 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Florida. PMID- 830791 TI - Specific binding of soluble fibrin to macrophages. AB - Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were demonstrated to bind selectively soluble 125I-fibrin and fibrin/fibrinogen complexes as compared with fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products, and fibrin degradation products. Cellular uptake was considered to be surface receptor binding on the basis of removal of bound 125I-fibrin by trypsin and because uptake occurred in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. 125I-fibrin uptake could be blocked by nonradioactive fibrin but not by IgG or immune complexes. Binding was uneffected by prior treatment with plasmin or trypsin but was calcium dependent. Only limited reversibility of binding could be demonstrated after prolonged incubation. Scatchard plots permitted an estimate of the number of bound molecules. At saturation 6.92 X 10(6) 125I-fibrin molecules were bound per cell. Similar binding of fibrin was noted in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not lymphocytes or fibroblasts. Soluble fibrin binding may be a host defense mechanism whereby the reticuloendothelial system can remove fibrin from the blood before the development of microthrombi. PMID- 830792 TI - Requirements for the solubilization of immune aggregates by complement: assembly of a factor B-dependent C3-convertase on the immune complexes. AB - During the solubilization of immune precipitates BSA-rabbit antibodies to BSA by human complement, at least three stages can be distinguished. (A) Generation of alternative pathway C3-convertase sites associated with the immune complexes. During the first minutes of interaction between the immune aggregates and serum, before any solubilization has taken place, properdin (P), factor B, and C3 moieties are incorporated into the lattice. The washed precipitates have C3 convertase activity, which can be completely inhibited by antibodies to factor B, but not to C2. The assembly of the convertase is temperature-dependent, and does not take place in the absence of Mg++. The immune complex-associated C3 convertase activity decays rapidly at 37 degrees C, but it can be restored by addition of purified factor B and properdin. (B) Amplification. When the aggregates bearing C3-convertase are incubated with purified C3, solubilization takes place. It appears that solubilization is caused by the accumulation of a large number of C3 fragments on the Ag-Ab lattice. In solubilized complexes, the molar ratios of Ab/C3 are close to one. (C) Spontaneous release. The final step in the solubilization process is a secondary reaction, during which some rearrangement of the lattice takes place. It occurs in medium devoid of serum and does not require divalent cations. PMID- 830794 TI - Mesenteric lymphangioma with chylous ascites. PMID- 830795 TI - A new tumor of the testis. PMID- 830796 TI - Psychiatric consultation for a jail in trouble. PMID- 830797 TI - Suicide prevention centers. Ecological study of effectiveness. AB - While suicide prevention services are continually expanding, efforts to measure their efficacy are seldom found in the literature. This study examines the effect of suicide prevention centers in North Carolina on the suicide rate in 1970. The data are examined in a ecological context, i.e., pertinent demographic variables are included in the analysis of the suicide rate in North Carolina counties with an emphasis on structural and contextual effects. A review of the literature on suicide prevention center efficacy, a description of those counties in North Carolina that support such centers, and a rigorous testing of their effect on the countywide suicide rate are undertaken in the present analysis. All of the analyses of the data indicate that the centers have minimal effect on the suicide rate. PMID- 830798 TI - Epidemiological studies of female prisoners. IV. Homosexual behavior. AB - The existence of homosexual behavior in female offenders is investigated not only as an adaptive process but as an established behavior existing prior to detention. Ninety-five prisoners from the Framingham Institution for Women were included: 26 were self-reported homosexuals, 42 were considered homosexuals by prision staff, and 27 were nonhomosexuals. Suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, psychiatric problems during menstruation, and a history of violent crimes against persons were characteristic of the homosexual group, whereas a history of crimes against self and property as well as history of alcoholism were common in the nonhomosexual group. Violet behavior together with suicidal attempts in homosexual female prisoners support the hypothesis that aggressive impulses may be expressed either externally or toward the self, the problem being one of impairment in control mechanisms. The findings also suppor the idea that violent behavior, as shown by this group of incarcerated homosexual females, is multidetermined. The factors that influence its appearance and expression could include a history of family violence, impulse control as children, neurological abnormality, sex role identification problems, biochemical abnormalities (manifested as menstrual irregularities), and impulse control problems as adults. A better understanding of human violence must be based on the recognition of the multidimensional nature of the problem using the tools and insights from many disciplines. PMID- 830799 TI - Evaluation of the initial interview in a walk-in clinic. The clinician's perspective on a "negotiated approach". AB - A negotiated approach to the conduct of the initial interview has been developed from the need for a more flexible and active exchange between clinician and patient. The setting is the walk-in clinic of the psychiatry service in a large urban general hospital, staffed mostly by first-year residents and staff social workers. These clinicians [26] were asked to evaluate the utility of the negotiated approach. They rated the approach both from their perspective and from that of 136 patients they interviewed. Although the clinicians evaluated the approach positively, they associated their satisfaction much more with the aims of a diagnostic approach than a negotiated one. The clinicians do not perceive that patients share satisfaction in their instrumental objective of understanding (a diagnostic goal), and the clinicians do not perceive that they share satisfaction in the patient's instrumental objective of participating in the treatment planning. The sharpest divergence between the clinician's and perceived patient satisfaction was over two evaluation/outcome measures: the treatment plan being wanted and attainment of symptom relief. These measures correlated much better with perceived patient than clinician satisfaction. Divergence in perspective between clinician and patient was discussed with regard to possible sources, the effect of setting, and the implication for the delivery of services. PMID- 830800 TI - An investigation into the psychological effects of hysterectomy. AB - The major aim of the present study was to determine whether women exposed to a hysterectomy procedure showed any greater evidence of postsurgery mood disorder than a cholecystectomy control group. In addition, the investigation also considered whether sterilization by hysterectomy resulted in more frequent mood disturbance than in tubal ligation where the uterus remains undisturbed. Fifty five hysterectomy patients were compared with 38 cholecystectomy and 60 tubal ligation patients by means of the Profile of Mood States. Presurgery, 6-weeks postsurgery, and 3-months postsurgery measures were obtained. No evidence was found to support the view that the special psychological significance of the uterus results in greater postsurgery mood disturbance than occurs with a control procedure such a cholecystectomy. Neither did the results suggest that sterilization involving organ removal was psychologically more traumatic than where the sterilization procedure left the uterus undisturbed. The two significant group X occasion interactions implied that the groups differed in their pattern of responding to surgery with respect to the Tension-Anxiety and the Fatigue-Inertia variables. PMID- 830801 TI - Neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis. AB - Twenty-six persons (five males and 21 females) with the neurological diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and an equal number of control subjects matched on age, sex, and education were given a battery of tests designed to assess motor and intellectual functioning. Subjects in the multiple sclerosis group displayed marked deficits on all tests of motor skill except grip strength. Although verbal intelligence was not impaired in subjects with multiple sclerosis, these subjects performed more poorly than control subjects on two different tests of memory even though these tasks required minimal motor responsivity. Correlational analyses on the several motor and cognitive tasks revealed that correlations between motor and memory performance were consistently higher in persons with multiple sclerosis than in controls. These results suggest that whereas multiple sclerosis may not have mch effect on the utilization of stored verbal information, the processing and storage of new verbal material are disrupted by the disease to a degree that is paralleled by the extent of motor impairment. This finding is consistent with the view that the memory impairments observed are secondary to the primary motor deficit, but the alternative explanation that memory functions, like motor functions, are especially vulnerable to the demylination process of multiple sclerosis is equally viable at present. PMID- 830802 TI - Psychiatric and behavioral manifestations of normal pressure hydrocephalus. A case report and brief review. AB - Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) may suggest its presence by behavioral symptoms. Initally, the symptoms often manifest themselves as depression with marked psychomotor retardation. Older patients without a prior psychiatric history who have soft, nonlocalizing neurological signs and fluctuating cognitive and memory deficits in association with prominent affective and/or psychotic symptomatology of recent onset, such as the case reported here, should raise the clinician's index of suspicion. In such cases, the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery may be helpful in differentiating an underlying dementia from a primary psychological dysfunction. When the presence of a dementing process is suspected, etiological diagnosis should be vigorously pursued with a CAT scan and, as indicated on clinical grounds, confirmatory and further delimiting studies such as pneumoencephalography, ventriculography, RISA scanning, electroencephalography, constant-infusion manometric testing, and/or angiography. Treatment of NPH includes one of several forms of shunting procedures and appropriate neuroleptic therapy for behavioral symptoms. Althoug there is a substantial risk (40 to 50 percent)ioral symptoms. Although there is a substantial risk (40 to 50 per cent) of shunt-related complications, as many as 60 per cent of operated patients will show objective imprvement, making the diagnosis of and referral for appropriate surgical treatment of NPH an important challenge for the psychiatrist. PMID- 830803 TI - Carbamazepine in the dyscontrol syndrome associated with limbic system dysfunction. AB - The literature has long demonstrated an association between certain behavioral problems and EEG abnormalities, particularly the association of aggressive and sometimes violent behavior with foci in the temporal lobes. The concept of "dyscontrol syndromes" has also been established and it is possible that some instances of the dyscontrol syndrome arise from an abnormal sensitization of the limbic system, due to disturbance in or near the temporal lobes. Carbamazepine is an interesting new drug, with both anticonvulsant and psychotropic properties, for which both the behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been defined. The properties of carbamazepine for blocking polysynaptic reflexes and suppressing post-tetanic potentiation are discussed with respect to this limbic system dysfunction in the dyscontrol syndrome. It is also proposed that this drug might be considered for its psychotropic effect in certain instances of dyscontrol, with or without clinical diagnosis of epilepsy. An illustrative case is cited. PMID- 830804 TI - Relationship of nailbiting to sociopathy. AB - The incidence of nailbiting in 62 sociopath subjects was compared with that in 62 nonsociopath matched controls utilizing the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that the incidence of nailbiting in primary sociopaths (48 per cent) was significantly greater (p less than .01) than the incidence of nailbiting in the control group (24 per cent). Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the significance of nailbiting in sociopaths, particularly the relationship of nailbiting and anxiety in primary sociopathy. PMID- 830805 TI - Effect of methylphenidate on sleep stages and ultradian rhythms in hyperactive children. AB - The effect of methylphenidate on sleep pattern was assessed in four hyperactive children. Two nights of sleep were recorded before drug administration, sleep was again recorded on the 1st and 21st nights during drug administration, and also on the 1st and 2nd nights of drug withdrawal. All patients showed behavioral improvement during drug administration; however, no drug effect was seen when standard sleep variables such as sleep stages and sleep time were examined. This analysis was supplemented by an examination of the REM cycle and computer extraction of the delta cycle; both are ultradian (40 to 140 minutes) rhythms. These rhythms were found to be intact in hyperactive patients. Although the REM cycle was not affected by drug administration or withdrawal, a trend toward lengthening of the delta cycle was found on drug withdrawal. PMID- 830807 TI - Benign pituitary adenoma associated with hyperostosis of the spenoid bone and monocular blindness. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case of benign chromophobe adenoma associated with hyperostosis of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and monocular blindness in a 38-year-old woman. The endocrinological and radiological evaluations were all suggestive of a meningioma. The diagnosis was established by biopsy of the tumor mass. After orbital decompression and removal of the tumor, the patient was treated with radiation therapy. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and her visual defects remained fixed. PMID- 830806 TI - Efficacy of cryohypophysectomy in the treatment of acromegaly. Evaluation of 54 cases. AB - Between 1963 and 1974, 54 patients with acromegaly (28 men and 26 women) ranging in age from 23 to 61 years were evaluated. Each patient underwent thorough preperative neurological, roentgenographic, and endocrinological surveys; most demonstrated mild-to-severe abnormalities in growth hormone immunoassay and oral glucose tolerance. Of those who underwent stereotaxic cryohypophysectomy, approximately 80% were considered to have a beneficial result. The efficacy of this form of therapy was judged on the basis of: 1) significant overall clinical improvement and regression of acromegalic features; 2) improvement in the glucose tolerance curve; and 3) a fall of serum growth hormone below 10 ng/ml. Complications including rhinorrhea, meningitis, and hemorrhage occurred in only a small number of cases. A comparison is made between this technique and other, including craniotomy, radiotherapy, and transnasal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The efficacy, low morbidity, and the ease with which the procedure may be performed make this our treatment of choice when dealing with growth-hormone-producing pituitary adenomas with no suprasellar extension. PMID- 830808 TI - Transient amaurosis under decreased atmospheric pressure with sphenoidal sinus dysplasia. Case report. AB - The authors report a unique case of transient amaurosis occurring every time the patient flew in a jet plane and frequently when he drove up a mountain. X-ray examination showed dysplasia of the sphenoidal sinus and optic canals. The pathogenesis and the treatment of the amaurosis is discussed. PMID- 830809 TI - Giant serpentine aneurysm. Report of two cases. AB - The authors describe two cases of giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms presenting as mass lesions. Angiograms in each case revealed a distinctive serpentine vascular channel surrounded by an avascular area causing a "mass effect." Both lesions were resected in toto with excellent clinical results. Similar lesions in the literature are noted and the pathophysiology and origin of this group of aneurysms are discussed. PMID- 830810 TI - Aneurysm clips. PMID- 830811 TI - Injection of the gasserian ganglion. PMID- 830812 TI - Role of pressure gradients and bulk flow in dynamics of vasogenic brain edema. AB - The authors present the results of an investigation of the vasogenic type of brain edema using cold injury in cats as a model. Their findings indicate that bulk flow and not diffusion should be considered the main mechanism for the spread of edema through the white matter. This conclusion is based on: 1) comparison of the distances actually traveled by various substances during edema spread with those calculated theoretically for migration of the substances by diffusion; 2) coincidence in the speed of movement by two substances (sucrose and albumin) with widely different diffusion coefficients; 3) measurement of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) at various distances from the lesion showing the presence of increased IFP in the lesion area and decreasing pressures along the edema pathway toward the normal tissue; and 4) the fact that spreading of edema can be significantly impeded by inducing before the cold lesion an intracellular type of brain edema that reduces the size of the extracellular space (ECS) and increases the resistance to flow of edema fluid. The pressure volume curve of the brain ECS, as derived from determinations of IFP and tissue water content, indicates that initial steep slope in IFP probably represents the high resistance to fluid mobility through the small diameter extracellular channels and the counteracting resistance of the intermingled structures of brain parenchyma to be separated. Once the IFP exceeds these opposing forces, the ECS dilates, fluid mobility increases, and the edema front advances. PMID- 830813 TI - Influence of systemic and cerebral vascular factors on the cerebrospinal fluid pulse waves. AB - In anesthetized, artificially ventilated dogs, the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulse waves were studied simultaneously with the central aortic pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), and the sagital sinus pressure under physiological conditions and in normovolemic arterial hypotension and hypertension, in acute cardiac insufficiency of the right atrium, in raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and in arterial hypoxemia. The physiological CSF pulsations are shown to be mainly arterial in origin. In the diastolic phase, the descending part of the pulse curve can be modified by venous superpositions coinciding with the right atrial "A" wave. With increase of ICP the configuration of the CSF pulsations changes: the venous superpositions disappear and the waves become more and more arterial in shape. Furthermore, the pulse amplitude increases considerably. The same change can be observed when cerebral vessels are dilated by arterial hypoxemia. During cardiac insufficiency and consecutive increase of CVP, the CSF pulse curve is venous in shape and the right atrial "A" wabe predominates. In arterial hypotension, CSF pressure decreased. Conversely, in angiotensin-induced systemic arterial hypertension, CSF pressure and its pulse amplitude increased. It is concluded that both systemic arterial blood pressure and cerebrovascular reactivity are major determinants for the shape and the pressure amplitude of the intracranial CSF pulse waves. In the presence of cerebral vasodilatation, systemic arterial blood pressure may be an important factor in raising ICP and altering the brain tissue compliance, because cerebral vascular damping of the arterial pulse is diminished and the arterial pressure head may be directly transmitted to the cerebral capillary bed. PMID- 830814 TI - Neurosurgical procedures in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1974. Neurosurgical needs of a community. AB - To help determine neurosurgical needs within communities and within the nation, operations and diagnostic procedures performed by neurosurgeons on residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, in the 5 years of 1970 through 1974, were tabulated. This county was studied because its medical records are virtually complete. Annual rates (per 100,000 population) were 42 for lumbar disc removal, six for cervical disc removal, and seven for brain-tumor therapy. Other less frequent occasions for neurological surgery are also tabulated. PMID- 830815 TI - Management of hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors. AB - The records of children with hydrocephalus secondary to posterior fossa tumors were reviewed and the methods of treatment compared with their subsequent clinical course. Of 86 patients evaluated, 47 had no treatment for hydrocephalus prior to tumor removal., 12 had external ventricular drainage, and 27 had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts before suboccipital craniectomy. Children with CSF shunts before tumor removal had significantly better postoperative conditions than the children without shunts (p less than 0.01). Operative mortality of children without treatment of hydrocephalus before tumor surgery was 12.8%; it was 3.7% in the children with preexisting shunts. Treatment of hydrocephalus with a CSF shunt prior to suboccipital craniectomy was a safe procedure that significantly lowered the morbidity and mortality of subsequent tumor removal PMID- 830816 TI - Medulloblastoma in children. Survival and treatment. AB - The authors review treatment and results in 45 cases of medulloblastoma arising in childhood. The surgical mortality rate observed was 11%. Of those completing postoperative cerebrospinal irradiation at this institution, 53% have survived for 3 years, 41% for 5 years, and 22% for 10 years. The extent of surgical resection of the cerebellar tumor had no significant bearing on the prognosis. Those cases remaining free of recurrent disease had received significantly higher doses of postoperative irradiation, approaching 5000 rads to the whole brain or posterior fossa and 4000 rads to the spinal axis. Repeat irradiation and chemotherapy (vincristine, the nitrosoureas, and methotrexate) provided good palliation in most cases and significantly extended the survival time. However, 28 of 29 patients who developed locally recurrent or metastatic disease have died. Vincristine was considered the chemotherapeutic drug of choice and in 14 cases its use was associated with remissions lasting 2 to 18 months. The combination of chemotherapy and repeat irradiation was followed by remissions of longer duration compared to retreatment by irradiation alone when the disease recurred within 2 years. The inherent value of ventricular shunting procedures and steroid therapy for recurrent intracranial disease could not be ascertained. The findings in this study suggest that the primary treatment of medulloblastoma should be extended to include chemotherapy and optimum radiation therapy, since once recurrent disease develops retreatment is essentially palliative and a fatal outcome is virtuallly certain. PMID- 830817 TI - Characteristics of human optic gliomas in tissue culture. AB - Nine human optic gliomas were examined in tissue culture. Typically, growth from the explants revealed well differentiated bipolar cells with abundant 9 to 10 nm fibers similar to those observed in the surgical specimens. Multinucleation was rare except for one culture, which had as many as 20 nuclei arranged in a palisading fashion along the periphery of some of the cells. Degenerative changes of the 9 to 10 nm fiber bundles with the production of amorphous electron-dense deposits were observed both in vivo and in vitro, and were thought to represent the formation of Rosenthal fibers. A distinctive feature of some of the optic gliomas was the ability of their long, thin cellular process to form fibrous tangles in tissue culture. The correlation of these fibrous tangles in culture with Rosenthal fibers in vivo is still uncertain. PMID- 830818 TI - Nasal glioma. AB - Six cases of nasal gliomas, which are rare ectopic rests of neural tissue found at the root of the nose, are presented. It is important to distinguish nasal tumors from basofrontal encephaloceles to avoid inadvertent exposure of the brain during the surgical removal of mass lesions. Because of their related embryologic origins, the distinction between nasal gliomas and basofrontal encephaloceles may not be clear clinically. Nasal gliomas may be treated by several surgical specialties, and only a proper awareness of their relatonship to encephaloceles can assure the selection of a flexible and adequate surgical approach. This paper emphasizes the salient clinical characteristics of nasal gliomas, their clinical distinction form and embryologic relationship to encephaloceles, and the options for treatment. PMID- 830820 TI - Radionuclide venography: correlation with contrast venography. AB - Radionuclide venography and contrast venography were performed in 47 limbs of 35 patients, and the findings were compared with respect to their location and characteristics. Positive radionuclide venogram findings were area of decreased radioactivity flow corresponding to the region of thrombosis, abnormal collateral flows, and radioactivity stasis below the lesion. A delayed clearance of radioactivity alone in the calf did not indicate venous thrombosis. The overall concordance between radionuclide venography and contrast venography was 89%. The result indicates that radionuclide venography, while technically simple, is a reliable test for the detection of venous thrombosis in patients with signs and symptoms of deep-vein thrombosis. PMID- 830819 TI - Cavernous sinus syndrome produced by communication between the external carotid artery and cavernous sinus. AB - The authors present two cases of cavernous sinus syndrome with spontaneous onset secondary to arteriovenous malformations and review the cases reported previously. These malformations enlarge slowly and produce symptoms only in adult life. Diagnosis may be difficult when there is no associated bruit. Adequate evaluation necessitates selective angiography of both the internal and external carotid artery circulation and the vertebral circulation. Conservative treatment is recommended unless symptoms worsen or there is progressive loss of vision. PMID- 830821 TI - Nuclear medicine in motion. PMID- 830822 TI - Myocardial uptake of thallium-201 augmented with bicarbonate: concise communication. AB - Sodium bicarbonate was used to enhance the myocardial concentration of Tl-201 in rabbits and dogs. Organ distribution studies in rabbits and in vivo imaging in dogs showed a 1.5-2 fold increase in myocardial Tl-201 concentration in bicarbonate-treated animals as compared with matched controls. Image improvement was noted, with threefold enhancement of myocardium-to-liver ratios. The results suggest that a similar improvement may be possible for clinical myocardial imaging. PMID- 830823 TI - Sensitivity of radionuclide brain imaging and computerized transaxial tomography in detecting tumors of the posterior fossa: concise communication. AB - In a series of 25 patients with histologically proven mass lesions of the posterior fossa, computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) and radionuclide (RN) brain imaging detected 23 (92%) and 22 (88%) of the 25 tumors, respectively. In this small group of patients, the difference is not statistically significant. When the results of both techniques were combined, the detection rate was 100%, which emphasizes the complementary value of the two procedures. The two lesions not detected by CTT were metastatic carcinomas, and contrast enhancement was not employed. The three lesions not detected by RN imaging were cystic. The results may represent underestimates of the true sensitivity of both techniques since the use of contrast enhancement with CTT and of posterior flow studies and magnified static RN images of the posterior fossa would probably improve the sensitivity of both tests. PMID- 830824 TI - A test for evaluation of peritoneo-venous shunt function: concise communication. AB - A simple imaging procedure has been devised for patients with peritoneovenous shunts when ascites reaccumulates and a decision must be made on whether or not to revise the shunt. A dose of 99mTc-sulfur colloid is injected into the peritoneal cavity and imaging of the abdomen and chest is performed 30 and 60 min later. After checking for tracer distribution throughout the peritoneal cavity, one looks for radioactivity in the liver and spleen and in the anterior chest tube. With a properly functioning shunt and effective breathing exercises, these are easily identifiable. If the shunt is obstructed, tracer activity will remain in the peritoneal cavity and thus cannot be identified in the liver or spleen. PMID- 830825 TI - Functional evaluation of a hepatic scintigraphic defect using ultrasound and a fatty meal: case report. AB - Hepatic focal defects identified with 99mTc-sulfur colloid imaging procedures are nonspecific. This report describes a prominent scintigraphic defect shown to be a normally functioning gallbladder. PMID- 830826 TI - Tumor calcinosis imaged by bone scanning: case report. AB - The typical symmetric lesions in a patient with tumor calcinosis avidly accumulated bone-seeking compounds. Thus, bone scanning is very helpful in the diagnosis of this rare disease, especially if the calcareous masses are not situated periarticularly. PMID- 830827 TI - Radioiodinated plasminogen: an imaging agent for pre-existing thrombi. AB - We have reinvestigated radioiodinated plasminogen as an agent for localizing preformed thrombi. Canine plasminogen was isolated from fresh plasma by the affinity chromatography technique on a lysine-sepharose 4B column and tagged with I-123 or I-131, at less than one iodine atom per molecule of enzyme, by the conventional ICI method. When injected into dogs more than 2 days after thrombus induction, radioiodinated plasminogen produced thrombus-to-blood activity ratios of 7.8 +/- 2.4. Thrombi as old as 6 days can be visualized in 80% of the cases. Both the weight of the thrombus and the thrombus-to-blood ratio are more variable for 1-day-old thrombi; this may be associated with plasminogen release accompanying thrombus retraction. The results suggest that radioiodinated plasminogen has potential as an imaging agent for pre-existing thrombi. PMID- 830828 TI - Rubidium-82 generators for imaging studies. AB - Strontium-82, produced by spallation reaction with medium-energy proton beams, was used to evaluate Bio-Rex 70 and Chelex-100 ion-exchange resins for use in a compact Rb-82 generator. Adsorption of Sr-82 to the resin column, Rb-82 elution yields, Sr breakthrough, and 82Rb-Sr separation factors were determined for newly prepared columns and for longterm elution conditions. Separation factors of 10(7) to 10(8) were obtained with 2% NaCl elutions from Bio-Rex 70 resin columns while the separation factors was about 5 X 10(4) with the Chelex-100 resin column. PMID- 830829 TI - Early diagnosis of venous thrombosis using 125I-fibrinogen. AB - Twenty out of 102 patients studied with 125I-fibrinogen had positive test results. Of these, acute thrombophlebitis was confirmed by radiopaque venography in 12 and by clinical evaluation and subsequent hospital course in eight. None of the 30 radiopaque venograms performed in patients with negative fibrinogen-uptake tests revealed evidence of acute thrombophlebitis. Most significantly, 85% of the positive tests were evident within 24 hr after administrationof the radiopharmaceutical, thus indicating the clinical value of this procedure. Forty two percent of 24 patients suspected of acute thrombophlebitis and 50% of 14 patients with documented pulmonary emboli had positive fibrinogen tests. Anticoagulation therapy did not prevent a positive 125I-fibrinogen result. Followup studies, conducted 1-6 months after injection of 125I-fibrinogen, showed no evidence of hepatitis in any of the recipients. PMID- 830830 TI - Transaxial tomographic imaging of canine myocardium with 11C-palmitic acid. AB - Radiopharmaceuticals incorporated directly into the metabolic pathways in myocardium provide a useful means for evaluating such processes. Palmitic acid, a major physiologic substrate of myocardium, has a well-understood role in myocardial metabolism. Accordingly, 11C-palmitic acid was the substrate chosen for use in conjunction with positron emission transaxial tomography to obtain images of canine myocardium. This procedure provides high-contrast images of tranverse sections of the myocardium, with good target-to-nontarget ratios (in the image), over a period of 5 to 85 minutes. Clearance half-times for blood and myocardial tissue were found to be 4.8 and 330 min, respectively. In normal myocardium, images obtained with 11C-palmitic acid were those obtained with 13NH3 and 11CO-hemoglobin. In vivo images of hearts with myocardial infarcts showed a clear delineration of infarcts and normal tissue. PMID- 830831 TI - Use of 99mTc-Cu-DTPA complex as a renal function agent. AB - The use of cuprous ion as a reducing agent for pertechnetate is described for the first time. The potential usefulness of a 99mTc-Cu-DTPA complex as a renal function agent was evaluated by organ distribution studies in animals and by simultaneous continuous-infusion and single-injection clearance studies. Radioiodinated iothalamate was used as a standard for the measurement of GFR. The ratio for the clearance with the new copper complex to that with iothalamate is close to unity, both for continuous infusion (0.97 +/- 0.01 s.e) and for single injection (1.05 +/- 0.03). The coefficients of correlation are similarly close to unity: 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. Dialysis of plasma samples obtained after injection of 99mTc-Cu-DTPA into bilaterally nephrectomized rats indicates that only small amounts (less than 4%) of the complex are protein-bound. These data and the low toxicity of the copper preparation in animals appear to justify its investigation for kidney function measurement and imaging in man as well as its use as a GFR agent in animal studies. PMID- 830832 TI - Production by compact cyclotron of radiochemically pure iodine-123 as iodide for synthesis of radiodiagnostic agents. AB - Iodine-123-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are desirable because they give a high flux of 159-keV photons and a low radiation exposure per millicurie. Procedures suited to a compact cyclotron were developed to produce 50-mCi batches of radiochemically pure iodine-123 as iodide. Iodine-123 is separated from proton irradiated tellurium-124 by distillation. Aqueous iodide is readily obtained by reduction with thiosulfate. Anhydrous iodide is extracted from the distillate iwth methyl ethyl ketone. The procedures for isolating radiochemically pure iodide are trouble-free, convenient, and reliable. Iodine-123-labeled o iodohippurate and 16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid prepared from our iodide are now being used in clinical trials. PMID- 830833 TI - Labeling human lymphocytes with mercury-197. AB - A simple method for labeling human lymphocytes with Hg-197 is described. Lymphocytes were isolated from human blood and purified by the Ficoll-Hypaque method. Labeling was carried out by incubating viable cells suspended in saline with Hg-197 for different time intervals and at different temperatures. The labeling yield varied from 48% for 1 million cells to about 70% for 10 million cells after incubation with 2 muCi of Hg-197 for 2 hr at 37 degrees C. The temperature and incubation period beyond 1 hr had no appreciable effect on the labeling yield. The yield increased by a factor of 1.5 when the cells were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. Subcellular distribution studies showed that 60% of the tracer localized in the nucleus and cell membrane, while the remaining portion concentrated in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. PMID- 830835 TI - An improved FORTRAN program for calculating modulation transfer functions: concise communication. AB - An improved FORTRAN II program for calculating modulation transfer functions (MTFs) is presented. The program features (A) simplified input-data specifications; (B) a conversational mode of use; and (C) graphic printout of the MTF curve. PMID- 830834 TI - Carbon-11-labeled methylated polyamine analogs: uptake in prostate and tumor in animal models. AB - The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were methylated by the addition of carbon-11-labeled formaledehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields wrbon-11-labeled formaldehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields were obtained and the final products were purified by simply boiling the solution. This decomposed the excess sodium borohydride and removed the volatile impurities. The final radiochemical purity of all the methylated compounds was above 85%. All three methyltated compounds accumulated in the prostates of male rats and the distribution of N-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane (the putrescine analog) was very similar to that previously obtained with tritiated putrescine. The uptake of the putrescine analog in both the prostate and in mouse tumor was slightly higher than that obtained with the other two analogs studied. Utilizing a positron transaxial tomographic scanner and the putrescine analog, we have been able to image the prostate gland of a dog. PMID- 830836 TI - A radioiodinated bretylium analog as a potential agent for scanning the adrenal medulla. AB - Studies with radioiodinated bretylium analogs (RIBA) suggested that the p-isomer was capable of concentrating in adrenal medulla. The present studies with 125I-p RIBA in rats and dogs confirm this property and show its marked and persistent affinity for the adrenal medulla. Analogous studies with 14C-p-IBA indicate that it is the quaternary form of the drug that is retained by the adrenal and that high thyroidal radioactivity following 125I-p-RIBA administration is due to in vivo deiodination of the drug. PMID- 830838 TI - Canadian regulatory control of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 830839 TI - Long-distance transmission of scintillation camera signals. PMID- 830837 TI - Thrombus detection: here and now. PMID- 830840 TI - Incidence of skeletal metastases. PMID- 830841 TI - Focally increased activity on scinticisternography. PMID- 830842 TI - Scan findings in rhinocerebral mucormycosis. PMID- 830843 TI - Thyroid scanning with cesium-131. PMID- 830844 TI - Assay of 32P-sodium phosphate. PMID- 830845 TI - Photochemistry of 17beta-hydroxyestra-5(10),9(11)-dien-3-one. Synthesis of AB spiro steroids1,2. PMID- 830846 TI - Approaches to the mitomycins. A meta photo-Fires reaction. PMID- 830847 TI - Synthesis of oxazinomycin (minimycin). PMID- 830848 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of fungal metabolites, aflatoxins, and sterigmatocystins. PMID- 830849 TI - Maytoline, maytine, and maytolidine, novel nicotinoyl sesquiterpene alkaloids from Maytenus serrata (Hochst., ex A. Rich.) R. Wilczek. PMID- 830850 TI - Synthesis of dl-methyl meromycolate. PMID- 830851 TI - A stereospcific synthesis of biotin via thiophene intermediates1a. PMID- 830852 TI - Reaction of O-methyl-N,N'-diisopropylisourea with amino acids and amines. PMID- 830853 TI - A new and simple method of resolution. Preparation of 3-fluoro-D-alanine-2-d. PMID- 830854 TI - Some novel, acid-labile amine protecting groups 1. PMID- 830855 TI - Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin.2.1 Synthesis of a protected heptapeptide hydrazide corresponding to sequence 17-23. PMID- 830856 TI - Side reactions in peptide synthesis. 4. Extensive O-acylation by active esters in histidine containing peptides. PMID- 830857 TI - Prostaglandins. An efficient synthesis of a 2-alkyl-4-hydroxycyclopentenone. PMID- 830858 TI - Preparation of 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-pteridinediamine hydrobromide and its use in improved syntheses of methotrexate and related compounds. PMID- 830859 TI - Synthetic approaches to the quinolinequinone system of streptonigrin. PMID- 830860 TI - Four new mycotoxins of Aspergillus clavatus related to tryptoquivaline. PMID- 830861 TI - Podophyllotoxin derivatives. 3. The remaining diastereomeric C-4 alcohols and ketone of the L series. PMID- 830862 TI - Synthesis of 5-(tert-alkyl)resorcinols. PMID- 830863 TI - Dehydroaporphines. Dichlorocarbene addition to dehydronuciferine. PMID- 830864 TI - Gnididione, a new furanosesquiterpene from Gnidia latifolia. PMID- 830865 TI - Synthesis of antibacterial p-quinols from marine sponges. Synthetic applications of "masked" quinones. PMID- 830867 TI - Stereospecific synthesis of (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-mercaptobutyric acid--an intermediate for incorporation into beta-methyllanthionine-containing peptides. PMID- 830866 TI - Secalonic acids D and F are toxic metabolites of Aspergillus aculeatus. PMID- 830868 TI - Prostaglandins and congeners. 11. Synthesis of dl-13-hydroxyprostanoic acids. PMID- 830869 TI - Influence of a 9alpha-fluorine on the epoxidation of an 11beta-hyroxy-delta4-3 keto steroid with basic hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 830870 TI - Stereoisomerism of cyproheptadine n-oxide. PMID- 830871 TI - Neonatal meningitis due to group C beta hemolytic streptococcus. PMID- 830872 TI - Oxygen therapy and hyaline membrane disease: the effect of hyperoxia on pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity and the mediating role of plasma or serum. AB - In vitro and in vivo hyperoxic exposure of the lungs of normal immature animals resulted in a rapid increase of pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity. The increase of pulmonary SOD activity with in vitro hyperoxic exposure requires the presence of plasma or serum in the incubation medium. Twenty-three out of 26 plasma samples from premature infants without hyaline membrane disease were found to support the hyperoxic increaase of pulmonary SOD activity, whereas only five of 15 plasma samples from infants with HMD were effective. A defective plasma lung interaction in infants with HMD may result in an inability to increase pulmonary levels of this presumed protective enzyme during hyperoxic therapy. PMID- 830873 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a premature infant. PMID- 830874 TI - The treatment of pneumopericardium in the newborn infant. AB - Pneumopericardium with cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening emergency in the newborn infant. The case fatality rate is high (75% in 41 documented cases in the English literature), and diagnosis often delayed (in 13 of 29 deaths the pneumopericardium was diagnosed postmortem). Treatment is frequently unsatisfactory, and recurrence of the pneumopericardium with tamponade is likely after initial pericardial needle aspiration--an incidence of 53%. A case of pneumopericardium in a critically ill newborn is reported; the details of successful management, using a large bore intrapericardial catheter with continuous drainage, are discussed. PMID- 830875 TI - Light (phototherapy)--induced riboflavin deficiency in the neonate. AB - Phototherapy with blue light decomposes riboflavin, which has a maximum absorption at 450 nm. A study was designed to determine whether riboflavin deficiency developed in neonates who received phototherapy for moderate hyperbilirubinemia. Twenty-one infants with normal erythrocyte glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity were investigated. Five infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia who did not require phototherapy served as the controls. Riboflavin deficiency was determined from the degree of saturation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, a method shown to reflect riboflavin nutritional status in the neonate. Sixteen of 21 infants who were exposed to phototherapy developed riboflavin deficiency; all who had phototherapy for 49 hours or more developed the deficiency. That the concentration of serum bilirubin or the duration of hyperbilirubinemia was not a factor is supported by the fact that none of the controls became deficient. This observation may have important metabolic and clinical consequences for the neonate. PMID- 830876 TI - Withdrawal symptoms in neonates from intrauterine exposure to diazepam. AB - Three infants are presented who had withdrawal symptoms after prolonged, intrauterine exposure to diazepam. Symptoms, clinical course, management, and laboratory findings are described. Some physiologic aspects of diazepam in the fetus and neonate are discussed. One infant died at six weeks of age; death was attributed to the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 830877 TI - Ventricular tachycardia in a neonate with mepivacaine toxicity. AB - An unusual case of mepivacaine toxicity with ventricular tachycardia in a newborn infant is presented. The mepivacaine probably reached the infant by direct injection into the scalp. Effective removal of the drug by gastric lavage was demonstrated. Exchange transfusion may also have been instrumental in the infant's survival by reducing the high blood concentration of mepivacaine. PMID- 830879 TI - Age-related differences in salicylamide and acetaminophen conjugation in man. AB - Following a concomitant oral dose of salicylamide and acetaminophen (5 mg/kg of each) the urinary excretion of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of the drugs were followed in children (ages seven to ten years) and adults. No significant difference were observed between the two age groups in the half-lives for appearance of salicylamide conjugates in urine. Age-related changes in the metabolic pathways, however, were observed. The mean percentage of dose excreted as salicylamide sulfate was significantly higher in children (78%) than in adults (36%). In contrast, salicylamide glucuronide was the major excretory product in adults. Similar age-related differences were observed for acetaminophen conjugation. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the deficiency in glucuronide conjugation of these drugs in children is accompanied by a higher rate of sulfate formation. PMID- 830878 TI - Measles vaccine efficacy determined from secondary attack rates during a severe epidemic. AB - In February, March, and April 1974, a severe epidemic of measles, with 71 cases and three deaths, occurred on the Cheyenne and Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservations in South and North Dakota. The attack rate was 9.0 cases per 1,000 persons, and associated with the illness were 24 cases of pneumonia and ten cases of otitis media. Age-specific attack rates were highest in those under one year of age. Using secondary attack rates in persons under nine years of age who were vaccinated and unvaccinated family contacts of cases, vaccine efficacy was measured as 97.3% (95% confidence interval 80.1 to 99.9%). PMID- 830880 TI - Hydrocortisone therapy in meconium aspiration syndrome: a controlled study. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome, a double-blind study using hydrocortisone or a lactose placebo was undertaken. Thirty-five infants were included in the study. No significant differences in arterial Po2, Pco2, pH, A-aDo2 gradients, in requirement for assisted ventilation, or in survival were domonstrated between the groups. In control infants, a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in respiratory distress score was found at 48 to 72 hours of age; in treated infants, it was seen only after 72 hours. The infants in the treated group took a significantly longer (p less than 0.01) period of time to wean to room air than those in the control group (68.9 +/- 9.6 hours vs 36.6 +/- 6.9 hours). On the basis of these observations, hydrocortisone is not recommended for treatment of MAS. PMID- 830881 TI - Measles encephalitis in an immunized child. PMID- 830883 TI - Oligohydramnios syndrome and intra-abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 830884 TI - Pyogenic infections in children with sickle hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 830882 TI - Hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome with a laryngotracheoesophageal cleft. PMID- 830886 TI - What is good diabetic control. PMID- 830885 TI - Neonatal tracheal aspiration of meconium-stained infants. PMID- 830887 TI - Human milk, leukocytes, and immunity. PMID- 830888 TI - A measles outbreak among adolescents. AB - In a May, 1975, outbreak, 147 adolescents, ages 12 to 19 years, were identified as having measles by a physician or school nurse. One junior high school, with an enrollment of 1,122, contributed 131 of the cases. Of the 147 students, 54 were seen by physicians who also supplied their immunization records; 19 of 54 (35%) had received live measles virus vaccine without measles immune globulin, after age one year. The remaining 35 received: killed virus vaccine only (1), K + L (4), L + MIG (4), L at less than 1 year of age (4), L + ? MIG (4), immune serum globulin only, for exposure (6), no vaccine but history of measles previously (9); history uncertain (3). Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers were consistent with the diagnosis of acute measles in 11 children. No index case was identified and no secondary cases occured within the families of the 54 cases. This measles outbreak among seemingly immunized adolescents raises a serious question as to the duration of such protection. PMID- 830889 TI - Bile acid malabsorption--a consequence of terminal ileal dysfunction in protracted diarrhea of infancy. AB - Fecal excretion of labeled bile acid (14C-24-cholic acid) was distinctly increased in two infants with protracted diarrhea, whereas four patients with steatorrhea due to pancreatic or mucosal abnormalities and five patients with mild chronic diarrhea had no excess fecal loss of bile acid. The loss of 14C-24 cholic acid in our patients with intractable diarrhea was similar to that observed in four infants who had undergone ileal resection. The ratio of mean 24 hour excretion of bile acid to that of a non-absorbable marker, polyethylene glycol, confirmed the malabsorption of bile acid in the patients with intractable diarrhea or ileal resection. These results differ significantly (p less than 0.05) from excretion ratios obtained in patients with either steatorrhea or chronic diarrhea. The extent of the loss of bile acid was not significantly related to the rate of fecal fat excretion. There was no direct correlation of fecal weight with the rate of bile acid excretion. Ileal function, as further assessed by the Schilling test with exogenous intrinsic factor, was grossly abnormal in both of the patients with intractable diarrhea. PMID- 830890 TI - Iron nutrition in the breast-fed infant. AB - Breast-fed infants were compared with infants fed a prepared formula not fortified with iron during the first nine months of life. Despite efforts to provide equal iron intakes from cereal and other foods, the breast-fed infants ate less iron-containing foods than the formula-fed infants. The incidence of mild anemia and biochemical iron deficiency was the same in both groups. The breast-fed infants had a significantly lower total iron binding capacity. Breast fed infants appear to utilize iron more efficiently than formula-fed infants. PMID- 830891 TI - Fatty acid patterns of human milk. AB - An analysis of the fatty acid content of 110 early morning samples of breast milk from 26 mothers shows a shift in the fatty acid pattern toward higher values for C 18:2 fatty acids than those reported previously. This shift has paralleled an increase in the use of vegetable oils and an increase in the P/S ratio of the American diet. The fatty acid pattern varied from day to day only for C 18:1. There were no significant variations among morning, midday, and evening values for samples provided by eight mothers. PMID- 830892 TI - Control of juvenile diabetes mellitus and its relationship to endogenous insulin secretion as measured by C-peptide immunoreactivity. AB - Proinsulin is converted to insulin and C-peptide in the pancreatic beta-cells; the latter two peptides are secreted in equimolar concentrations. Thus measurements of C-peptide immunoreactivity may provide a means of assessing residual pancreatic function in insulin-treated diabetic patients. Thirty-five patients with a mean (+/- SE) age of 13.4 +/- .6 years who had diabetes mellitus for 4.8 +/- .3 years were included in this study. Glucose and CPR were measured in the fasting state and one hour after 1 gm/kg (maximum 50 gm) of oral and glucose. Patients were assigned to one of two groups on the basis of adequate or poor control of diabetes. Twenty-five of the 35 (71%) patients had evidence of endogenous beta-cell function, i.e., CPR greater than 0.5 ng/ml. CPR levels over 0.5 ng/ml were present in a significantly (p less than 0.05) greater number of patients with diabetes of less than 5 years duration (19/21) than in those with diabetes greater than 5 years duration (6/14). Only one patient showed a rise in CPR after the glucose load. All patients with CPR greater than 2.0 ng/ml were in the adequately controlled groups, but there were patients with CPR less than 2.0 ng/ml in both adequately and poorly controlled groups. Because the CPR value includes both C-peptide and antibody-bound proinsulin, separate determination of free C-peptide was done in 30 patients. These results confirmed the conclusions based on CPR estimation. Although growth hormone values were higher in patients in the poorly controlled group, there was no correlation between hGH and CPR. We conclude that residual insulin secretion in diabetic patients may facilitate good control, but that low CPR values and hence absent beta-cell reserve is not always associated with poor control. PMID- 830893 TI - Familial osteosclerosis with abnormalities of the nervous system and meninges. AB - A mother and daughter with osteosclerotic dysplasia are described. The daughter had generalized osteosclerosis, flattening of the angles of the mandibles, high arched palate, mandibular and facial bone hypoplasia, a large sella turcica, and spacious foramen magnum, platybasia, basilar impression, widened spinal cord with enlarged intervertebral foramina, and scalloping of the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. Radiographic contrast studies and operative intervention revealed multiple thoracic and lumbar meningoceles and an "empty" sella, as well as evidence of maldevelopment of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Many of these skeletal features were noted to a lesser degree in the asymptomatic mother. PMID- 830894 TI - A heritable syndrome of craniosynostosis, short thin hair, dental abnormalities, and short limbs: cranioectodermal dysplasia. AB - Five children are reported with dolichocephaly (with sagittal suture synostosis in three), sparse, slow-growing, fine hair, epicanthal folds, hypodontia and/or microdontia, short span, brachydactyly and brachypodia, and narrow thoraces. Radiologic abnormalities were noted chiefly in the skull, chest, and limbs. Intelligence was normal. The pattern of inheritance is compatible with an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 830895 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis IV by electron microscopy. AB - Mucolipidosis IV, a recently recognized metabolic storage disease, is characterized clinically by corneal opacity in infancy, full facial features, and psychomotor retardation. Electron microscopy of cells from a 2-year-old affected girl revealed multiple cytoplasmic storage bodies. Cultured amniotic fluid cells, in two subsequent pregnancies, demonstrated similar abnormal storage bodies. Electron microscopic examination of various uncultured tissues from one abortus demonstrated abnormal inclusions in the cells of the brain, cornea, conjunctiva, and other epithelial tissues, thus confirming the prenatal diagnosis. This suggests that mucolipidosis IV is an autosomal recessive trait and demonstrates the efficacy of electron microscopy in the prenatal diagnosis of metabolic storage diseases whose biochemical defect is yet unknown. PMID- 830897 TI - Idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy preceding the emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus in two children. AB - An idiopathic nephrotic syndrome associated with membranous glomerulopathy antedated the subsequent emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus in two patients (7-year-old and 14-year-old girls). At the onset of INS, there was neither clinical evidence of multisystem disease nor unequivocal serologic evidence of SLE. The only early possible indication of SLE was the presence of microtubular inclusions in glomerular endothelial cells on electron microscopy. In each instance (one year and three years after onset of INS), a second renal biopsy showed transformation of the membranous glomerular lesion to a more florid type with glomerular subendothelial dense deposits. One patient died of overwhelming pulmonary infection while she was receiving prednisone and cyclophosphamide; the other developed progressive renal failure despite steroid treatment. SLE should be considered in patients presenting with apparent idiopathic MG, in whom nephrotic syndrome persists. Intraendothelial cell microtubular inclusions may be an early clue to later emergence of SLE. PMID- 830896 TI - CSF monoamine metabolites in children with minimal brain dysfunction: evidence for alteration of brain dopamine. A preliminary report. AB - Epidemiologic and pharmacologic evidence suggests that abnormalities of catecholaminergic systems in the brain play a role in the pathogenesis of minimal brain dysfunction, but previous attempts to document a neurochemical abnormality have been unsuccessful. To better define central nervous system mechanisms in children with MBD, we have utilized the probenecid loading technique to determine the concentrations of metabolites in the CSF of a clinically homogeneous group of children with MBD. CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid, the principal metabolite of dopamine, correlated directly with CSF probenecid in 26 control subjects (r = 0.05, p less than 0.01) and in six children with MBD (r = 0.91, p less than 0.05). Concentration of HVA (ng/ml) per unit of probenecid (mug/ml) was found to be significantly lower in children with MBD (9.8 +/- 1.5, mean +/- SEM) compared to those in control subjects (16.5 +/- 1.5), suggesting reduced turnover of brain dopamine in the MBD group. CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the principle metabolite of serotonin, did not differ significantly between the groups. Our findings indicate that there may be a neurochemical abnormality in MBD. PMID- 830898 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism and congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia in an infant: diagnostic and metabolic implications. PMID- 830899 TI - Familial dysautonomia: unusual presentation in an infant of non-Jewish ancestry. PMID- 830900 TI - Infantile polycystic disease of the kidneys and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in an 11 year-old patient. PMID- 830902 TI - Intermittent vertical ocular oscillations in infancy. PMID- 830901 TI - Suppression of pituitary TSH in a child with a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. PMID- 830903 TI - Congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase East Harlem: a new deficient variant. PMID- 830904 TI - Popliteal pterygium syndrome: report of a family. PMID- 830905 TI - Blood pressure in black and in white children. PMID- 830906 TI - Infantile neurogenic muscular atrophy with prolonged survival. PMID- 830907 TI - Postintubation subglottic stenosis and cor pulmonale. PMID- 830909 TI - Lung mechanics in congenital heart disease with increased and decreased pulmonary blood flow. AB - Respiratory rate, tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance, functional residual capacity, and pulmonary resistance were measured withim 24 hours of cardiac catheterization in 25 infants, 12 of whom had increased pulmonary blood flow and 13 of whom had decreased PBF. There were no differences in the two groups of patients with respect to VT and FRC. Respiratory rate and pulmonary resistance were higher in infants with increased PBF. Lung compliance was significantly lower in infants with increased PBF (4.9 ml/cm H2O) than in those with decreased PBF (8.9 ml/cm H2O) (P less than 0.01). The decrease in CL in infants with increased PBF significantly correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.798). No correaltion was found between CL and left atrial pressure or magnitude of the left-to-right shunt. Compliance was normal in patients with increased PBF and normal PAP, suggesting that PAP and not PBF is the primary factor that affects CL in patients with intracardiac left-to-right shunts. PMID- 830908 TI - Reversibility of chronic obstructive lung disease in infants following repair of ventricular septal defect. AB - The signs of obstructive lung disease dominated the clinical course of ten infants with ventricular septal defects and large left-to-right shunts. Airway obstruction in these patients can be attributed (1) to increase in large airway resistance as the result of compression by enlarged pulmonary arteries or cardiac chambers and (2) to increase in small airway resistance as the result of accumulation of peribronchiolar fluid. The rapid regression of the signs of obstructive airway disease following open heart repair of the ventricular septal defect indicates that the lung disease observed in these infants is secondary to the ventricular septal defect, rather than a primary process. The most effective management in the refractory patients is that of open repair of the defect. PMID- 830910 TI - Antral diaphragm--a cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children. AB - Gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children may be due to a partial, prepyloric antral diaphragm. Twelve new patients are added to the 32 described previously. Onset of symptoms varied from shortly after birth to five years. Nonbilious vomiting was the most common presenting symptom. Radiographic evaluation requires specific technique for demonstration of the web and to differentiate this from pylorospasm and pyloric stenosis. Gastroscopy was employed in three patients. Repair usually consisted of incision of the web and construction of a patulous gastric outlet. All patients remained asymptomatic after operation. The etiology of the webs remains unknown, but they may result from an excessive local endodermal proliferation early in gastric development. PMID- 830911 TI - Splenic sequestration syndrome at mountain altitudes in sickle/hemoglobin C disease. AB - The splenic sequestration syndrome was observed in five children with sickle/hemoglobin C (S/C) disease in association with a change in altitude. In four of them, it occurred during or immediately following a trip to mountain altitudes greater than 9,000 feet. In the fifth child, the crisis occurred in ten days after travel in a pressurized plane from sea level to Denver. No previous reports of this complication in S/C patients during mountain travel have been noted although the occurrence is known in association with aircraft flights. PMID- 830912 TI - Intraspinal metastatic disease in childhood cancer. AB - This paper describes the clinical manifestations and diagnostic studies in 26 children with intraspinal metastases of solid malignant neoplasms. The site of the metastatic lesion was verified in all cases by lumbar and/or cisternal myelography. Therapy consisted of Cobalt50 irradiation in 20 patients, of whom 11 (55%) manifested neurologic improvement. Recovery of ambulatory function was most favorable in lesiosn that involved the conus medullaris and cauda equina and spared the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. Early recognition and initiation of treatment before severe neurologic dysfunction developed was necessary to prevent severe, permanent disability. PMID- 830913 TI - Neonatal citrllinemia: treatment with keto-analogues of essential amino acids. AB - A patient with neonatal onset citrullinemia survived to 8 months of age when treated with a mixture of essential amino acids and their keto-analogues. The initial plasma citrulline concentration was 2.7 mM; the blood ammonia concentration was greater than 500 muM. During the first week of therapy, the blood ammonia concentration became normal and that of plasma citrulline was reduced by almost 50%. It was possible to institute progressive increases in dietary calories and protein; growth and developmetn with resolution of almost all clinical signs of disease ensued. The patient died at 8 months of age after an episode of diarrhea and dehydration, probably of viral origin. PMID- 830914 TI - PMN chemotactic inhibition associated with a cryoglobulin. AB - A child with recurrent pyogenic infections, eczema, markedly elevated serum concentrations IgA, and totally absent PMN chemotactic acticity is described. The chemotactic defect was characterized as a humoral inhibitor present in serumand plasma, directed toward autologous as well as homologous PMN's. Immunochemical studies revealed the purified inhibitor to be a cryoglobulin composed of an IgM IgA complex. Incubation of the cryoglobulin complex with PMN's resulted in a quantitative dose-response curve. PMID- 830915 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromians): a neurocutaneous syndrome. AB - Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigment achromians, systematized achromic nevus) is a cutaneous abnormality consisting of bizarre, patterned, macular hypopigmentation over variable portions of the body surface. Multiple associated defects in other systems occur in a significant precentage of affected individuals. Most commonly, the central nervous system, eye, and musculoskeletal structures are involved. It is suggested that the cutaneous abnormality, which is often detectable at birth or during infancy, may forewarn pediatricians of the possible emergence of defects in other organ systems. PMID- 830917 TI - Aberrant scalp hair patterning in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 830916 TI - Hypoglycemia during testing for growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 830918 TI - Proximal 4p-deletion: phenotype differs from classical 4p-syndrome. PMID- 830919 TI - Neonatal thyrotoxicosis associated with the hyperviscosity syndrome. PMID- 830920 TI - Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism with autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 830922 TI - False abdominal aortic aneurysm: an unusual complication of umbilical arterial catheterization for exchange transfusion. PMID- 830921 TI - Red cell volume measurements and acute blood loss in high-risk newborn infants. AB - Red cell volume was measured in 259 infants admitted to a high-risk newborn unit. Red cell volume was measured using 50Cr tagging which subsequently was activated to 51Cr for counting. Total blood volume was calculated using the corrected whole body hematocrit. A low red cell volume was frequently associated with a maternal history of vaginal spotting, with placenta previa or placenta abruptio, with nonelective cesarean section, and with deliveries associated with cord compression. Asphyxiated infants without a history suggestive of blood loos often had a low red cell volume. An early central hematocrit below 45% correlated with a low red cell volume, but a normal or high hematocrit was often associated with low red cell measurements. The total blood volume depended largely on whether the tagging was done long enough after the blood loss for plasma volume equilibration to have occurred. Very low red cell volume values were associated with a high mortality rate, but birth weight played a dominant role in survival, even at low red cell volume levels. PMID- 830923 TI - Endocarditis following intracardiac placement of umbilical venous catheters in neonates. PMID- 830924 TI - Intestinal perforation following withdrawal of umbilical artery catheter. PMID- 830925 TI - Reassessment of the daily dose of oral thyroxine for replacement therapy in hypothyroid children. AB - The optimal daily requirement of sodium L-thyroxine for replacement therapy of hypothyroidism was evaluated in 11 hypothyroid children ranging from one to 14 years of age. The "optimal" dose of L-T4, defined as the minimal daily dose necessary to suppress the serum concentration of TSH to normal, was determined in each patient and individual growth rates were assessed for periods up to 12 months during the time this dose was being administered. The mean "optimal" dose of L-T4 was 3.78 +/- 0.6 mug/kg or 104.6 +/- 5.2 mug/m2. This dose was considerably lower than the doses of L-T4 generally recommended. All patients appeared clinically euthyroid, and their serum concentrations of T3 and T4 as well as their height velocities remained within the normal range while the "optimal" dose of L-T4 was being adminstered. PMID- 830926 TI - Therapeutic approach to pancreatic extract-induced hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis. AB - The relationship between the dosage of pancreatic extract and the excretion of uric acid was investigated in 29 patients with cystic fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Urinary excretion of uric acid was normal in patients receiving small doses of pancreatic extracts and abnormally high in those receiving large amounts. In the latter group, normouricosuria was achieved by reducing the dose of pancreatic extract. Normal stool patterns and adequate weight gains were preserved by a diet modification that was well accepted by the patients. To eliminate the potential renal consequences of hyperuricosuria, it seems appropriate to control the need for increasing amounts of pancreatic enzymes by limiting the dietary intake of fat and maintaining a positive caloric and nitrogen balance with high intake of protein and carbohydrates and supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides. PMID- 830927 TI - Pancreatic extracts in the management of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 830928 TI - Fulminant right lower quadrant mass in a child. PMID- 830929 TI - Suppurative thyroiditis with gas formation due to mixed anaerobic infection. PMID- 830930 TI - Myocarditis due to visceral larva migrans. PMID- 830931 TI - Cystic fibrosis in black children. PMID- 830932 TI - Measurement of renal function in the neonate. PMID- 830933 TI - Pleural effusion in histoplasmosis. PMID- 830934 TI - Group C hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 830935 TI - More on anal deformities. PMID- 830936 TI - Additional experience with routine use of oral kanamycin prophylaxis for necrotizing enterocolitis in infants under 1,500 grams. PMID- 830937 TI - On the selection of patients for treatment of growth failure with hGH. PMID- 830938 TI - Ductal manipulation--a note of caution. PMID- 830939 TI - Commentary: new thoughts on an old problem--patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant. PMID- 830940 TI - Parent and sibling comprehension of children's speech. AB - In this research, the capacity of parents and siblings to understand the speech of children in early phases of language development was investigated. The utterances of young children were video tape recorded and presented to family members and nonparent and nonsibling controls. Family members showed a comprehension advantage over the appropriate control groups. PMID- 830941 TI - The medical and scientific community and big government. PMID- 830942 TI - Recent developments bearing upon national policy in the health sciences. PMID- 830943 TI - The evolution of biomedical science: past, present, future perspectives. PMID- 830944 TI - Faculty role expectation: perception discrepancies and departmental affiliation. AB - A questionnaire was developed to assess medical students and faculty with respect to several dimensions of their role expectations and perceived role enactments with each other. For faculty respondents the nine dimensions which emerged from cluster analysis of expectation-perception discrepancy scores were: Psychosocial Emphases, Ideal Student Role Enactment, Low Versus High Excellence, Faculty Considerateness to Patients, Division of Influence, Participation, Faculty Socioemotional Role Enactment, Student Appreciation, and Student Initiative. A comparison of mean scores on each of these dimensions for faculty members from five departments in one medical school revealed significant differences on six dimensions. Some implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 830945 TI - Sensitizing medical students to impression formation processes in the patient interview. AB - Medical students in a course that included instruction in patient interviewing participated in an experiment devised to alert them to sources of bias which might influence their judgements and management of patients. Students were randomly assigned to one of four groups and exposed to either a videotaped or audiotaped interview of the same patient presented as either normal weight or overweight. Questionnaire responses of students in the two audio groups indicated no detectable differences in the sound tracks of the overweight and normal weight versions of the interview, and these groups were combined for subsequent analysis. A discriminant analysis indicated that students exposed to the overweight video version formed impressions and assessed patient treatment and outcome differently from those exposed to either the video normal or audio versions of the interview. Implications of these findings for medical education are discussed, and suggestions are made for incorporating such sensitization experiments in the medical curriculum. PMID- 830946 TI - The research component in the development of emergency medicine as a specialty. AB - The development of emergency medicine as a separate medical specialty involves several major processes, including professional identification, delineation of the dimensions of the specialty, development of a body of knowledge, and creative investigative activities. Residents in emergency medicine offer a potential source of expertise that could be utilized in the development of such research activities. However, for a variety of reasons routine research has not been part of current resident education. One example of a methodology for programmatic research development in emergency medicine is identified in this paper through the establishment of a nonclinical health services research position. The effect of having staff to assist in the development and analysis of research projects has contributed to building a body of knowledge specific to emergency medicine and creating a sense of professional identity among graduate trainees. PMID- 830947 TI - The surgical clerkship in the community hospital. AB - Since 1972 Michigan State University College of Human Medicine has participated with community hospitals and practicing physicians in a number of cities to provide surgical clerkship experiences for its students. The problems of satisfying the educational philosophies and objectives of the university, of fulfilling the needs of the practicing physicians and community hospitals, and of supplying a viable educational experience for students are presented and discussed. The new role of a full-time community-based university surgeon to facilitate this program is described. The organization of a surgery clerkship, which includes weekly objectives, nongraded weekly examinations with group feedback sessions, a surgical laboratory, and sessions dealing with the psychosocial aspects of patient care, is presented. Multiple evaluation methods (upon which the credibility of the program depends) are explained. PMID- 830948 TI - Identifying students who will be in academic difficulty in medical school. PMID- 830949 TI - Actuarial prediction of performance in a six-year A.B.-M.D. program. PMID- 830950 TI - An approach to obtaining patients to participate in pelvic examination instruction. PMID- 830951 TI - The relationship of reading skills to achievement in medical school. PMID- 830952 TI - Training in reproductive biology and human sexuality in American medical schools. PMID- 830953 TI - The New Medical College Admission Test. PMID- 830954 TI - Time of decision to study medicine: its relation to specialty choice. PMID- 830955 TI - Semicircular canal radii of curvature (R) in cat, guinea pig and man. AB - The radii of curvature (R) of the horizontal (Rh), anterior (Ra) and posterior (Rp) semicircular canals were measured by a new technique (called ROTA) for cat, guinea pig and man. For each canal, data points from the osseous canal were rotated and plotted by computer such that the plane of the sheet of computer plot corresponded to the plane best fitting that canal. The radius of each osseous canal was determined and where necessary, the radius of the arc of data points was corrected for thickness of the absent tissue. For cat, guinea pig and man there are differences in R between canals within a labyrinth suggesting that if other things are equal there could be differences in the average mechanical sensitivity of the canals, which is consistent with physiological recordings from primary vestibular neurons in the cat. The Rs determined by ROTA are compared with Rs determined by conventional histological means. PMID- 830956 TI - Semicircular duct and ampulla dimensions in cat, guinea pig and man. AB - Predictions from the classic theory of semicircular canal operation, the torsion pendulum model, depend upon labyrinthine dimensions and the physical properties of the endolymph. The dimensions of the semicircular canal, duct and ampulla in cat, guinea pig and man were determined from measurements of magnified sections of decalcified temporal bones. Estimates of the effect of shrinkage were obtained from measures in fresh material and it appears shrinkage is probably only a fairly small factor. The dimensions so obtained were used to provide new estimates of the short time constant and other mechanical parameters of the torsion pendulum model in the three species. PMID- 830957 TI - Management of ruptured posterior urethra in childhood. AB - Seven boys with fracture(s) of the bony pelvis and associated partial or complete rupture of the posterior urethra were managed by the time-honored technique of early suprapubic cystostomy and concomitant primary realignment of the urethra over a catheter. Of the 4 children who had a functionally significant urethral stricture 3 were cured within a few months by 1 or 2 simple urethral dilatations and 1 by subsequent transperineal lysis of the angulated urethra from its surrounding fibrous tissue. Followup data for 8 to 22 years (mean 14 years) indicate that all 7 patients void with an excellent stream and are continent, free of infection and potent. In fact, 3 of the 4 married boys have fathered children. PMID- 830958 TI - Nephrogenic pleural effusion. AB - Although the presence of a pleural effusion is almost always indicative of an intrathoracic problem reflection will yield a certain number of extrathoracic causes, such as hypoproteinemia, Meigs' syndrome pancreatitis and subphrenic abscess. The kidney is a close neighbor of the diaphragm and pleural cavity, and a case of renal stone associated with a small ipsilateral pleural effusion, which regressed with resolution of the primary process, is reported. PMID- 830959 TI - Hemorrhagic tension cyst of the kidney. AB - A case of a benign renal cyst, which was filled with blood under pressure and causing acute flank pain, is presented. The pain was relieved after cyst puncture and aspiration. Although benign hemorrhagic renal cysts are well recognized, this is the first report of a benign renal cyst filled with blood under pressure. PMID- 830960 TI - Management of hemorrhage secondary to renal angiomyolipoma with selective arterial embolization. AB - Percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization was used to manage renal hemorrhage secondary to an angiomyolipoma in a solitary kidney. Angiography 3 months after the embolization showed a marked decrease in the mass and vascularity. There was no evidence of hypertension or renal failure following embolization. PMID- 830961 TI - Sacral dysgenesis associated with occult spinal dysraphism causing neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - A case of a neurogenic bladder in a 20-year-old man is described. The patient had difficulty in voiding and incontinence, with a history of several urinary infections. Misdiagnoses included stricture and posterior urethral valves. Early treatment included urethral dilation, a transurethral resection and a left ureteral implantation. Throughout this time the neurological examinations were essentially normal. Final diagnosis was sacral dysgenesis with associated occult spinal dysraphism, after the discovery of a small pock mark over the sacrum and an abnormal pelvic x-ray. Urinary diversion was done. PMID- 830963 TI - Modified thoracoabdominal approach to the kidney and retroperitoneal tissue. AB - Exposure to the retroperitoneal space may be improved by performing thoracotomy through the 8th rib bed rather than the 9th or 10th and by combining a subcostal incision with the standard longitudinal abdominal incision. This modification of the standard thoracoabdominal incision has been used to remove giant hypernephromas, to perform radical nephrectomies with node dissection and to remove retroperitoneal lymphatic structures in non-seminomatous testis tumors. PMID- 830962 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in repeat diagnostic study for persistent hematuria. AB - A review of 7 cases of misleading, early diagnosis of hematuria is presented. Each patient was found to have renal cell carcinoma on a repeat study for persistent hematuria. Surgical and postoperative followup results are included. PMID- 830964 TI - Diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal tumors. AB - An analysis of 27 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumors and a review of the literature are presented. Techniques available for the diagnosis of these neoplasms are discussed. Sarcoma is the most common histopathologic type. A painful abdominal mass is the characteristic presentation. Echography, angiography and carbon dioxide pneumography may provide specific diagnostic information but further histopathologic correlation is needed. Angiography should guide the surgical approach routinely. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for all tumors except for the lymphomas, which are radiosensitive. Radiotherapy has liberal application in the treatment of other histopathologic types. PMID- 830965 TI - Ureteral structure and ultrastructure. Part IV. The dilated ureter, clinicopathological correlation. AB - The potential of electron microscopy in the study of ureteral dilatation is seldom exploited but ureteral biopsies from 29 congenitally dilated ureters were examined under light and electron microscopy. A correlation between the pathological findings and the result of the surgical correction of these ureters is shown. The prospects of ureteral functional recovery can be predicted when the muscle cell integrity is considered. PMID- 830966 TI - Management of urinary calculous disease in patients with ureterocele. AB - Of 37 adult patients with ureteroceles, 13 also had calculous disease (35 per cent). Of these 13 cases 7 had single ureters and 6 had duplicated ones. None had a metabolic or urinary abnormality such as hypercalcemia, gout, hypercalciuria or hyperuricuria. Two of the patients were a mother and daugher--the first reported familial incidence of ureterocele with calculous disease. A surgical technique is described for removal of the calculus, excision of the ureterocele and reimplantation of the ureter. The procedure was used in 4 of the 7 patients with single ureters, while the stone passed spontaneously in 2 patients and was treated by ureterolithotomy in 1. A modification of the technique was used in 2 of the 6 patients with duplicated ureters but other surgical procedures were used in the remaining 4. Of 10 stones that were analyzed 2 were struvite and none contained cystine or uric acid. Long-term followup is a requisite to assure control of this clinical entity. PMID- 830967 TI - Complications with transureteroureterostomy. AB - Of our 23 patients who underwent transureteroureterostomy 4 sustained injury to the recipient ureter. This complication has been feared but seldom reported. The complications are discussed and factors in technique possibly related to the failures are considered. Despite our experience we continue to regard the operation as an excellent means of urinary diversion for patients with unilateral lower ureteral lesions. PMID- 830968 TI - Random mucosal biopsies in the evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the bladder. AB - The management of patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has posed a constant dilemma to the practicing urologist. Previously, urine cytologies have been used and have been of value only in those instances in which they have been classified as diagnostic. Cytologies that reveal atypia or a high degree of suspicion have offered little help in the management of these patients. The current procedure of doing random mucosal biopsies using the cold cup biopsy forceps provides the pathologist with a sampling of the mucosa of the involved bladder so that a tissue diagnosis of sufficient magnitude, ranging from atypia to carcinoma in situ to frank carcinoma, may be established. This information may become valuable in determining alternate forms of management in these patients and may have a greater predictive value than customary urine cytology. PMID- 830969 TI - Inflammatory carcinoma of the bladder and interstitial cystitis. AB - Two patients were treated for interstitial cystitis after having had bladder biopsies that did not reveal tumor. However, in both cases an aggressive carcinoma of the bladder later proved to be present when simple cystectomy for the "benign" disease was done. The masquerade of carcinoma of the bladder as interstitial cystitis and the pitfalls inherent in making the correct diagnosis are emphasized. The possibility of underlying bladder carcinoma should be excluded in any patient who presents with symptoms of chronic cystitis. Urinary cytology is most helpful but repeated bladder biopsy with careful serial sectioning may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of malignancy. It is not known whether the carcinomas were primary or secondary developments in our cases. The term inflammatory carcinoma of the bladder is proposed to call the attention of clinicians and pathologists to this lethal imitator. PMID- 830970 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective study of 20 patients. AB - A retrospective analysis is presented of 20 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder treated with non-radical procedures. The survival rate has averaged less than 1 year, regardless of the mode of therapy, with only 1 patient alive 2 years after segmental cystectomy. The male-to-female ratio of patients was only 2 to 1. All patients had deeply infiltrating tumor at the time of initial diagnosis. Chemotherapy in conjunction with irradiation therapy used in the treatment of 1 of the patients proved to be ineffective. PMID- 830971 TI - Intermittent catheterization and vesical defenses. AB - The effectiveness of intermittent catheterization in eradicating bacteriuria in patients requiring catheterization for inadequate voiding was subjected to a mathematical analysis to establish its theoretical basis. It can be shown that, at 1 extreme, with 6 ml. urine remaining in the bladder, assuming reasonable hydration, catheterization must be done at least every 2 to 2 1/2 hours to limit bacteriuria. In contrast, if as little as 0.5 ml. urine is left behind, catheterization may be done every 4 to 5 hours to achieve the same result. Moreover, from the graphic depiction of the calculation it is seen that a reduction in the intervals between catheterization has a much greater effect than an increase in the urinary output in the reduction of the bacterial count. The volume of residual urine after catheterization was directly determined by measurement of phenolsulfonphthalein that was washed out after drainage by catheter in the female dog and in women. In the dog it averaged 0.435 ml. but in women it was somewhat greater than that after normal voiding. Upon applying the equation relating frequency of catheterization and urinary output to residual urine in a clinical program of intermittent catheterization, we found that the usual (convenient) schedule often resulted in showing that an unattainably small volume of urine would have to be left in the bladder. Actual measurement of residual urine by the modified phenolsulfonphthalein test provides the data needed to design a program of intermittent catheterization for each patient that will lead to urinary sterility. PMID- 830972 TI - Anticoagulants in open prostatectomies. AB - The prevention of vascular crises in open prostatectomies with prophylactic measures in the logical approach in susceptible patients. Low dose heparin was used in 150 cases and compared to 160 cases that had no heparin. The comparison proved that low dose heparin will eliminate many vascular crises and reduce the mortality rate. Therefore, there is not an increase but a decrease in complications, and improved morbidity and mortality rates. Low dose heparin should be used in all urological cases. PMID- 830973 TI - Prostatectomy in factor XI deficiency. AB - Factor XI deficiency, an uncommon inherited coagulopathy characterized by an absence of bleeding history but bleeding after an operation or trauma, has not been reported previously in urologic patients. The diagnosis is made by a specific factor assay after an abnormal partial thromboplastin time and the treatment is fresh frozen plasma. Four patients with factor XI deficiency underwent open prostatectomy and all experienced excessive postoperative bleeding and prolonged hospitalization. Treatment with fresh frozen plasma controlled bleeding in 3 patients, 1 of whom suffered congestive heart failure from the fluid load imposed. The fourth patient bled heavily despite fresh frozen plasma and required several additional procedures and 29 units of blood and packed cells. PMID- 830974 TI - Bone marrow acid phosphatase: another look. AB - Recent reports have indicated that bone marrow acid phosphatase is the most sensitive test in detecting bony metastases. The experience reported herein suggests that falsely positive results may be common, especially in patients with primary hematologic disorders. A plea is made that caution be given to the interpretation of this test so that some patients will not be denied appropriate therapy and the role of bone marrow acid phosphatase can be better defined by long-term followup in such patients. PMID- 830975 TI - Bone marrow acid phosphatase: prognostic value in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. AB - Preoperative bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations were elevated in 18 of 31 patients who underwent radical prostatectomies. A review of the surgical pathology and clinical followup demonstrated a higher incidence of metastasis in these patients. PMID- 830976 TI - The morbidity of radical prostatectomy for multifocal stage I prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - During a 25-year period 33 patients with stage I multifocal prostatic adenocarcinoma underwent radical prostatectomy. Carcinoma was present in 81 per cent of the specimens. The operative mortality was 3 per cent. Pelvic recurrence, rectal injury and urethrovesical stricture each occurred in 9 per cent of the cases. Fifteen per cent of the patients were totally incontinent and 42 per cent had stress incontinence. One patient required combined retropubic and perineal approaches to remove the specimen. The safest interval between the first and the radical procedure was 6 weeks or more. The 5 and 10-year relative survival rates were 100 per cent. The best candidate for a radical prostatectomy after transurethral prostatic resection or suprapubic enucleation prostatectomy is one with a thick surgical capsule in whom the first procedure procedes the radical procedure by at least 6 weeks. PMID- 830977 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. AB - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is typically a rare mesenchymal tumor of young boys, presenting with obstructive urinary symptoms or an abdominal mass. The origin is probably in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that persist into adult life. Histologically, the tumor cells resemble normal muscle development in a 7 to 10-week fetus. Treatment is combined radical surgery and chemotherapy, and usually radiotherapy as well. The prognosis is extremely poor in all patients. Our case is added to the few in the literature in which this disease occurred in a man more than 50 years old. PMID- 830978 TI - Urographic visualization of multicystic kidneys. AB - Classically, multicystic kidneys have been described as having no functioning renal parenchyma that, consequently, should not be seen on excretory urography. However, during the last several years, sufficient concentration of contrast medium permitted radiographic visualization of renal tissue in 4 cases of pathologically typical multicystic kidneys. PMID- 830980 TI - Mobile triage team in a community disaster plan. AB - Experience has shown poor predisaster planning, inadequate communication and the absence of an on-scene commander to be common and recurring problems during disaster rescue efforts. A mobile onscene triage team (MOTT) operating in Sacramento has demonstrated the following advantages: immediate access; mobility; coordinated evacuation, treatment, and disposition of mass casualty victims; control of facility overload, and appropriate initial disposition to definitive care facilities. The advantages realized with this approach arise from greater community awareness and participation in a coordinated plan for medical care in disasters. PMID- 830979 TI - Pelvic hydronephrosis in children: a review of 219 personal cases. AB - A series of 238 hydronephrotic kidneys in 219 children is reported. The condition was more common in the male than in the female subject and occurred more frequently on the left side. It was often bilateral, especially in infants, with an abdominal mass as the common presenting feature. Loin or abdominal pain was the most frequent complaint in older children. In some cases hydronephrosis presented as a ruptured kidney following trauma. Only 1 patient was hypertensive. The lesion was asymptomatic in 18 cases and the incidence of urinary infection was low. Dismembered pyeloureteroplasty was the procedure of choice for reconstruction. Preliminary nephrostomy was used rarely and nephrectomy was done in 10 per cent of the kidneys. Of the 7 reoperations 4 were for persistent obstruction and 3 were because stones had formed after the pyeloplasty. The late results, assessed clinically and radiologically, have been entirely satisfactory. Many kidneys of initially doubtful value showed useful improvement after reconstructive operation and no secondary nephrectomies were performed. The only death in the series occurred 2 1/2 years postoperatively and was unrelated to the urinary tract. PMID- 830981 TI - Statewide approach to emergency medical training. AB - In Kansas, an instructor/coordinator approach is used to train emergency medical technicians (EMTs) through two ten-day sessions at the University of Kansas. The students are trained in various aspects of the Department of Transportation (DOT) Dunlop course, in the use of audiovisual aids and in basic teaching and testing theory. Then, they return to their communities and offer EMT training programs as the need arises. There are 82 instructor/coordinators throughout the state. Law enforcement officers, frequently the first on the scene in rural Kansas, receive training in crash injury management through a 70-hour plus course developed through the Kansas Highway Patrol. Also, 110 advanced paramedics, or emergency mobile intensive care technicians, have been trained through 600 to 1500 hour courses at the Kansas University Medical Center. PMID- 830982 TI - Cutaneous and subcutaneous complications of calcium infusions. AB - Five infants with hypocalcemia experienced complications after treatment with calcium gluconate intravenously. Inadvertent soft tissue extravasation resulted in erythema, subcutaneous calcification, tissue necrosis, skin slough, and transient radial nerve damage with wrist drop, the latter previously unreported. The soft tissue lesions may be mistaken for cellulitis, abscess, calcified hematoma, or osteomyelitis, resulting in unnecessary antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention. Initially, no clinical abnormality may be apparent. The lesions appear from days to weeks following extravasation. Radiographs are initially negative but soft calcification appears in one to three weeks. Follow up x-ray films show complete resorption of the calcium over several months. Skin sloughs heal in four to six weeks without skin grafting. Extreme care in the parenteral use of calcium gluconate and conservative treatment of the complications is advocated. PMID- 830983 TI - Teaching initial management of shock in children. AB - Common errors in managing shock in children are failure to recognize shock, failure to recognize continuing blood loss, and inadequate replacement due to lack of familiarity with the normal blood volume of children. For practical purposes, the normal blood volume of every child is considered to be 40 ml/lb (88 ml/kg). In hypovolemic shock the blood volume is reduced by at least one fourth. For initial management, an intravenous line is established, blood is drawn for cross matching, and 10 ml/lb (22 ml/kg) of Ringer's lactate solution is administered as rapidly as possible. If this bolus, which represents one fourth of the normal blood volume, brings the blood pressure to normal, only maintenance fluid is then administered. If the child remains hypotensive, a second bolus of 10 ml/lb (22 ml/kg) is administered rapidly. Children who require a second bolus of Ringer's lactate solution nearly always need blood transfusion also. Many have occult bleeding, usually in the abdomen. If intra-abdominal bleeding is thought to be possible but not definitely present, paracentesis using an angiocath is performed. If no blood returns, 10 ml/lb (22 ml/kg) of saline is instilled and the return considered significant if more than slightly pink. PMID- 830984 TI - Pancreatic pleural effusion. PMID- 830986 TI - More on detoxification of alcoholics. PMID- 830985 TI - Emergency medicine and basic minimal performance standards. PMID- 830987 TI - Has evaluation of esophageal obturator airway been schizophrenic? PMID- 830988 TI - Color coding of intravenous medications. PMID- 830989 TI - Interactional approach to the difficult emergency department patient. AB - An area of emergency medicine often overlooked is the management of physician patient relationships. In the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, we use a method for facilitating difficult physician patient interactions that includes presentation of case-study vignettes followed by recommendations for preventing or ameliorating undesirable interactions. Five of these vignettes are examined here, followed by commentary specific to the individual cases. General principles of action include letting patients or relatives have their say, remaining calm, empathic, courteous, objective and sharing information with patients. PMID- 830990 TI - Leucine and alanine aminopeptidase activities in experimentally induced intradermal granulomas and late stages of wound healing in the rat. AB - The role of leucine and alanine aminopeptidases is studied in two discrete biologic systems: experimental late stages of wound healing and carrageenan induced intradermal granulomas in the rat. In the wound healing rats, the proliferating granulation tissue and serum have high quantities of aminopeptidase activity which correlate positively with the degree of fibroblastic activity. Starch gel electrophoresis demonstrates that in fibroblasts there are at least three groups of aminopeptidases: two isoenzymes are secreted or released into the blood serum and the third is membrane bound in the cytoplasm. The carrageenan intradermal granuloma is an inflammatory reaction rich in mononuclear phagocyte cells and macrophages. Elevated tissue levels of aminopeptidases are directly related to the degree of cellularity of the granuloma. Serum aminopeptidase levels remain normal. Starch gel electrophoretic studies of the granuloma demonstrate that the tissue-bound isoenzyme is the main component. This study indicates that fibroblasts and macrophages produce different quantities of aminopeptidase isoenzymes. In the former they are released or secreted into the serum and in the latter they are membrane bound. PMID- 830991 TI - Direct effects of trypan blue on cardiac extracellular macromolecule synthesis. AB - The direct effects of the cardiac teratogen trypan blue on some parameters of embryonic chick heart metabolism were examined in vitro. Trypan blue inhibits chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis but stimulates incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into hyaluronate, heparin, and glycopeptides. 3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein is also stimulated. Total incorporation of 14C-labeled amino acids is elevated in the presence of trypan blue. Trypan blue does not cause qualitative changes in labeled end products; rather the metabolic alterations are quantitative. The possible exceptions are glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins since quantitative differences in glycopeptides could reflect qualitative differences in parent glycoproteins. These observations suggest that abnormal heart development, induced by trypan blue, may result from a multiplicity of metabolic alterations and not from any single chemical change. PMID- 830992 TI - Cellular migration and replication in endothelial regeneration: a study using irradiated endothelial cultures. AB - Cellular migration and replication were studied during repair of mechanical injuries produced in cultured monolayers of vascular endothelium. Human endothelial cells were obtained by collagenase perfusion of term umbilical cord veins and were grown on glass cover slips in replicate primary cultures. Following standardized mechanical denudation ("wounding") of narrow linear areas in postconfluent cultures, cellular migration and DNA synthesis were assessed at intervals after terminal 3H-thymidine incubation. Migration of cells from the edges of the wound into the denuded area was consistently underway by 12 hours, and by 24 hours there was considerable repopulation of the wound. A significant increase in 3H-thymidine labeling was not observed in the wound area until 36 hours. When cultures were exposed to 1500 rads of x-rays 1 hour prior to wounding, labeling was nearly abolished at 48 and 72 hours despite continuous incubation with 3H-thymidine. However, migration occurred as usual and resulted in repopulation similar to that in nonirradiated replicate cultures. These studies indicate that small endothelial defects can be significantly repaired by migration of adjacent viable cells. Thus, factors influencing both migration and replication should be considered in studies dealing with endothelial regeneration in vivo. PMID- 830993 TI - Lung injury induced by butylated hydroxytoluene: cytodynamic and biochemical studies in mice. AB - Butylated hydroxytoluene, a common food additive, is known to produce proliferative pulmonary changes characterized by increased DNA, RNA, and lung weight. In the present study, reactive hyperplasia and fibrosis were produced within 9 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg. per kg. of butylated hydroxytoluene was given to mice. Initial perivascular edema with cell infiltrates was followed by necrosis of type 1 alveolar epithelial cells and by division of type 2 cells which repopulated the alveolar wall with unusually large epithelial cells containing abundant cytoplasm. DNA synthesis, as indexed by thymidine and uridine kinase levels and by 3H-thymidine uptake, increased at 2 days, peaked at 4 days, and dropped gradually to near normal by day 9. Differential counts of labeled cells revealed that the early rise was due to epithelial cell proliferation; in turn, interstitial and endothelial cells entered the proliferative phase. Endothelial labeling peaked at day 6 immediately following ultrastructural evidence of endothelial injury. It is concluded that the proliferative pulmonary changes that occur after the administration of butylated hydroxytoluene are a consequence of cell injury and necrosis. The reparative processes occur predominantly at the alveolar epithelium and interstitium with the production of fibrosis. The cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia observed in this study account for the biochemical changes in pulmonary RNA and DNA that have been described previously. PMID- 830994 TI - Zonal changes in renal structure and phospholipid metabolism during reversal of potassium depletion nephropathy. AB - Structural changes and membrane metabolism were studied in the enlarged kidney of potassium-depleted rats during dietary repletion with potassium. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of kidneys revealed two patterns of involutionary change in the collecting tubules following potassium repletion. Autophagocytosis was observed within 3 hours in the hyperplastic cells of the inner red medulla, and progressive condensation and reduction in the number and size of lysosomes which had formed during potassium depletion were observed in the renal papilla. After 3 days of potassium repletion, all types of cells had a normal ultrastructural appearance. Alterations in membrane metabolism during autophagocytosis and organelle regression were assessed by measuring the in vivo breakdown of [14C]phosphatidylcholine, phospholipase A activity, and the rate of [14C]choline incorporation into phospholipid in papilla, inner red medulla, and inner cortex. In each tissue the rate of [14C]phosphatidylcholine breakdown increased and the rate of [14C]choline incorporation into phospholipid decreased during potassium repletion. Phospholipase A activity, which was depressed in potassium-depleted animals, increased in each renal zone by 12 hours after potassium repletion. The results indicate that reversal of potassium depletion nephropathy is associated with increased membrane phospholipid catabolism, loss of renal mass, and specific morphologic changes in different renal zones: lysosome regression in the papilla and autophagocytosis in the hyperplastic cells of the inner red medulla. PMID- 830995 TI - Regression of myointimal thickening following carotid endothelial injury and development of aortic foam cell lesions in long term hypercholesterolemic rats. AB - In an earlier report (Clowes AW, Ryan GB, Breslow JL, Karnovsky MJ: Lab Invest 35:6, 1976) we demonstrated that cholesterol feeding of rats led to hypercholesterolemia but no increase in smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in right carotid arteries subjected to a standard endothelial injury when compared with normolipemic control animals. We have now examined these plaques at 6 months and 1 year after injury. In control animals, the carotid initimal thickening regressed to a relatively small, acellular, fibrous scar; there was no evidence of renewed endothelial injury and secondary SMC proliferation. Regression of the intimal thickening in the injured carotids of cholesterol-fed animals proceeded exactly as in control animals except for the accumulation of lipid. Unlike control animals, cholesterol-fed rats developed aortic intimal lesions containing extracellular lipid crystals and lipid-laden macrophages derived from mononuclear phagocytes in the blood. In addition to the lack of continued intimal SMC proliferation in the injured carotid, in the face of severe hypercholesterolemia the intima of the aorta did not contain mature SMC, or SMC-derived collagen and elastin. There was also no evidence of increased permeability to Evans blue, injected intravascularly. These findings suggest that hypercholesterolemia in the rat does not produce chronic endothelial injury, development of proliferative fibrous plaques, or enhancement of established SMC lesions. PMID- 830996 TI - Sertoli cell junctions in the germ cell-free testis of the congenic mouse. AB - Intercellular junctions between the Sertoli cells in the germ cell-free testis of the congenic mouse were studied during ontogeny. In freeze-fracture replicas, these junctions are characterized by a great number of parallel occluding junctions, in which the particles are preferentially located in the center of the grooves in the E face. These particles appear to be arranged in discrete rows in both P and E fracture faces. In the initial stages of junction formation, large gap junctions with hexagonally packed particle aggregates and particle-free regions are observed. In the later stages, short segments of the occluding junctions are found associated with gap junctions. In later stages, the gap junctions diminish in size and number. These junctions are quite similar to those between Sertoli cells in the normal mouse and rat reported previously. The Sertoli cell junctions develop in the absence of the spermatogenic cells of this congenic mouse. PMID- 830997 TI - Glycogen complexes in muscle in Reye's syndrome simulating virus-like particles. AB - Crystalline arrays of virus-like particles were present in the psoas muscle in six of eight autopsied cases of Reye's syndrome. These structures were concentrated in the perinuclear regions of peripheral muscle nuclei and were less abundant about the triad regions. The particles were stained by histochemical techniques for glycogen, and digestion with diastase resulted in removal of particles from these crystalline lattices. Virus-like particles were also present in crystalline arrays in psoas, quadriceps, and diaphragm muscles in six of eight autopsied cases of children and adults who died of diverse diseases. These configurations of glycogen in muscle appear to occur with the same frequency in various unrelated diseases and may be a cytochemical response to the generalized stress of disease. Recognition of their specific nature is important in differentiating them from viruses, especially in diseases of uncertain etiology. PMID- 830998 TI - Intraoperative mapping of atrial activation before, during, and after the Mustard operation. AB - Thirty-eight patients with transposition of the great arteries underwent intraoperative mapping of atrial epicardium and endocardium during various stages of the operative procedure. The purpose was to determine the electrophysiological basis of the postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias associated with this operation. Comparisons were made between atrial activation patterns and times before and after each of the following stages: (1) cannulation, (2) atriotomy, (3) excision of atrial septum and coronary sinus, and (4) placement of intra atrial baffle. The first stage produced no significant changes in atrial activation times or patterns but did demonstrate a shift of the functional pacemaker to the sulcus terminalis in 8 of 14 patients studied. Longitudinal atriotomy did not significantly lengthen atrial activation. Transverse atriotomy did not alter activation times of the His bundle but did significantly change patterns of epicardial and endocardial activation. Excision of the septum and coronary sinus always produced block in the posterior crista terminalis, and placement of a baffle worsened this block. Four patients developed nodal rhythm on the operating table and had both a posterior crista terminalis block and anterior septal block. Suggestions for modification in the surgical techniques were advanced to help prevent rhythm disturbances in paitients undergoing transvenous correction of transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 830999 TI - Studies of the effects of hypothermia on regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. III. Effects of temperature, time, and perfusion pressure in fibrillating hearts. AB - This study compares the effects of normothermic and hypothermic spontaneous fibrillation at perfusion pressures of 100 and 50 mm. Hg on the adequacy and distribution of coronary blood flow. During normothermia (37 degrees C.), subendocardial oxygen delivery decreased 45 per cent ( p less than 0.01) and left ventricular flow became redistributed away from the subendocardium (endo-epi flow ratio fell from 1.2 to 0.8) when perfusion pressure was lowered to 50 mm. Hg; abnormal glycolysis (lactate washout) became evident when perfusion pressure was raised to 100 mm. Hg and ischemia was demonstrated by histochemical stains. Hypothermia (28 degrees C) reduced myocardial oxygen uptake 52 per cent (p less than 0.01) at 100 mm. Hg perfusion pressure; left ventricular flow, distribution, and metabolism did not change from control values. Lowering perfusion 50 mm Hg caused a pronounced reduction in subendocardial oxygen delivery (63 per cent, p less than 0.01); abnormal glycolysis developed and histochemical ischemia was seen. These studies show that lowering perfusion pressure in normothermic fibrillating hearts impairs oxygen delivery to the left ventricular subendocardium. While hypothermia significantly reduces left ventricular oxygen requirements, the ventricle is not protected against subendocardial ischemia if perfusion pressure falls to levels frequently used during clinical open-heart surgery. PMID- 831000 TI - A simple cannulation technique for perfusion problems in advanced aortic dissection. AB - A simplified left atrial-distal aorta bypass for operative treatment of extensive dissecting. Type III, aneurysms of the distal thoracic aorta is reported. In this technique the lower part of the body is perfused through a large cannula placed into the true lumen of the several distal aorta. The indications and advantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 831001 TI - Surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly. AB - Neither the role of surgery in Ebstein's anaomaly nor the surgical procedure of choice for its correction are clearly defined. Whether or not the artrialized right ventricle, which plays a major role in the functional abnormalities, should be obliterated in all cases remains unresolved. Of the 26 patients with Ebstein's anomaly seen at the University Hospital between 1953 and 1975, four were treated surgically at this center. All had closure of the atrial septal defect, reconstruction of a tricuspid annulus in the normal position, and insertion of a tricuspid prosthesis and an epicardial ventricular pacemaker. The two patients who also had the atrialized chamber obliterated improved dramatically. Thus, obliteration of the atrialized right ventricle appears to be associated with a better operative result. PMID- 831002 TI - Influence of coronary artery anatomy on survival following resection of left ventricular aneurysms and chronic infarcts. AB - Left ventricular (LV) aneurysms were resected in 27 patients for treatment of congestive heart failure and in five patients for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia. There were eight early (25 per cent) and five late (15 per cent) deaths. Preoperative hemodynamics including analysis of left ventriculograms in the right anterior oblique position did not consistently predict survival. In contrast, coronary artery anatomy appeared to influence the mortality rate strikingly in patients with congestive heart failure. The hospital mortality rate was 6 per cent and the late mortality rate was 13 per cent for 16 patients with one-or two-vessel coronary artery disease, but with unobstructed LV lateral wall blood supply. All but one of the survivors obtained a good late result. In nine patients with two-and three-vessel coronary artery disease and obstructed LV lateral wall blood supply there were six hospital deaths and two late deaths. It is concluded that the presence or absence of occlusive disease in the arteries supplying the LV lateral wall is an important determinant of the mortality rate associated with resection of anterior apical LV aneurysms in patients with severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 831003 TI - The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass with crystalloid and colloid hemodilution on myocardial extravascular water. AB - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on myocardial extravascular water (MEW) was evaluated with crystalloid and colloid hemodilution. Heart water was measured gravimetrically and by the double-indicator and thermal methods. CPB without hemodilution resulted in a 5.7 per cent increase in the wet : dry weight ratio of the left ventricle obtained by desiccation to stable weight. CPB with colloid hemodilution to a hematocrit of 10.7 +/- 0.4 per cent resulted in a 5.4 per cent increase in the wet:dry weight ratio. Crystalloid hemodilution to a hematocrit of 9.5 +/- 0.8 per cent resulted in a marked increase in myocardial water with a wet:dry weight ratio 30.3 per cent greater than the controls. Hypothermic (22 degrees C.) crystalloid hemodilution resulted in a 37.4 per cent increase in the wet:dry weight ratio. MEW was also measured by the double indicator method with Evans blue dye and tritiated water. This method measured 85 per cent of the gravimetrically measured water. Although it indicated the increase in heart water in the crystalloid group, it proved less reliable in the measurement of MEW in this dynamic situation. The thermal heart water was also measured with an impedance and thermistor-bearing catheter similar to that used to measure thermal lung water. This proved ineffective in measuring heart water. Colloid hemodilution was thus found to prevent the development of myocardial edema which occurred with crystalloid hemodilution (p less than 0.01) with and without hypothermia. These findings support the addition of colloid to the hemodilution prime used for cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 831004 TI - The role of surgery in the management of pulmonary monosporosis. A collective review. AB - Nine cases of pulmonary monosporosis treated in the Missouri State Chest Hospital over a period of 19 years (1956 to 1975) were reviewed. Nine other cases from the literature are summarized. Ten of these 18 patients underwent resectional operations with two operative deaths, one from respiratory insufficiency and the other from a bronchopleural fistula and massive hemorrhage. The rest of the patients had an uneventful recovery. The indications for resectional surgery are re-established for suitable cases. The underlying disease is the major determinant of the outcome of the surgery. Other modes of treatment are also discussed. Based on the analysis of these 18 cases, a guideline for the management of pulmonary monosporosis is proposed. PMID- 831005 TI - Left ventricular rupture as a complication of mitral valve replacement. AB - We are not the first to attempt repair of left ventricular rupture complicating mitral valve replacement, as 18 analogous cases have been reported earlier in the literature. Our series comprises 8 patients, 5 of who, survived. A review of these 26 cases provided several facts of interest to surgeons dealing with this complication. The rupture occurred either as a laceration in the posterior atrioventricular groove (type I, 16 of 26 patients) or as a perforation of the midportion of the left ventricle (type II, 10 of 26 patients). Intraoperative rupture (17 of 26 patients) was usually detected on termination of bypass, whereas delayed rupture (9 of 26 patients) occurred after chest closure or in the recovery room. The morality rate was about 50 per cent for the intraoperative type, and no patient survived a delayed rupture. The prognosis appeared to be most in intraoperative type II lesions. The main factors affecting the prognosis were (1) instant reinstitution of extracorporeal circulations and (2) avoidance of the circumflex coronary artery during repair of type I lesions located close to the anterolateral mitral commissure. Attempts to suture a ventricular rupture on the pressure-loaded, beating heart were always unsuccessful and frequently extended the laceration. Patients with the delayed type of rupture died of hemorrhage before they could again be placed on bypass. It may be preferable to reopen the lefr atrium in order to repair a type I laceration. In type II perforations, direct repair with buttressed sutures should be attempted from the exterior of the heart. The angulated metal cannula for drainage of the left ventricle was identified as a possible, but not previously reported, cause of myocardial perforation. It is hoped that the use of a soft cannula or a metal cannula with an angle of 60 degrees instead of 90 degrees will reduce the incidence of this complication. PMID- 831006 TI - Antidiuretic hormone levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effect of CPB on plasma ADH levels, urine flow, and urine osmolality was studied in nine patients. All patients received morphine, 1 mg. per kilogram, and 50 per cent nitrous oxide-50 per cent oxygen for anesthesia. CPB utilized a Travenol disposable bubble oxygenator and the prime consisted of 3 L. of Ringer's lactate. Measurements were made prior to induction of anesthesia , at 30 minutes following surgical incision, and at 15, 30, and 45 minutes during CPB. There were no statistically significant changes in mean arterial BP, cardiac index, serum sodium, or serum osmolality in any period. Urine flow increased from 0.99 +/- 0.3 ml. per minute to a high of 6.13 +/- 2.0 ml. per minute at 30 minute at 30 minutes on CPB (P less than 0.02). Urine osmolality declined from a control value of 691 +/- 142 mOsm. per kilogram to a low of 425 +/- 48 mOsm. per kilogram at 45 minutes on CPB (p less than 0.05). ADH levels rose from a control value of 4.3 +/ 1.5 to 13.0 +/- 3.3 pg. per milliliter with surgical stimulatiion (p less than 0.05). During CPB the ADH levels rose to a peak of 23.7 +/- 3.6 pg. per milliliter at 30 minutes (p less than 0.01) and were declining at 45 minutes. These data suggest that the stress of CPB results in an outpouring of ADH (or vasopressin) to function as a pressor to produce an increase in peripheral resistance. The ADH concentrations far exceed those required for normal physiologic control of water excretion and the urineflow will thus vary more with the hemodynamic changes than with the ADH levels. PMID- 831007 TI - The surgical management of catheter injuries of the brachial artery. AB - In 84 patients the wrist pulses were lost after diagnostic left heart catheterization via the brachial artery. Sixty-six of these patients underwent surgical exploration of the brachial artery for restoration of pulsatile arterial flow to the hand. This aim was achieved in 64 instances. In all cases, the artery was found to be occluded by fresh thrombus. In 36 patients, balloon thrombectomy and accurate arterial closure were successful. In the remainder, in addition to thrombectomy, indentification of an area of damage to the arterial wall required additional surgical measures, usually in the form of resection and anastomosis. The surgical approach to this problem and the importance of the recognition and treatment of arterial wall damage by the catheter are stressed in this paper. PMID- 831008 TI - Infective endocarditis. An analysis of 54 surgically treated patients. AB - One hundred seventy-seven patients were admitted to the New York University Medical Center from 1970 through 1975 with infective endocarditis. Fifty-four of these patients required surgical treatment. The over-all mortality rate was 28 per cent. Two thirds of the deaths were early (10 patients) and one third late (5 patients). The mortality rate was 90 per cent in 10 patients treated for 4 to 6 weeks in whom the infection was uncontrolled and the clinical condition was deteriorating. However of the 12 patients with uncontrolled infection who were operated upon promptly within 10 days, 83 per cent survived. The fact that fungal and gram-negative infections responded poorly to medical therapy suggests the need for prompt, early surgical intervention. The mortality rate in the 32 patients operated upon in whom the infection was controlled was 12.5 per cent. It is our conclusion that all patients with infective endocarditis who develop progressive congestive failure, recurrent embolization, or progressive sepsis, despite treatment, shold have prompt valve replacement within 7 days of the institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 831010 TI - A thirteen-year review of the Magovern-Cromie aortic valve. AB - A review of 375 cases of aortic valve replacement with the Magovern-Cromie sutureless prosthesis demonstrated a 43 per cent survival rate 10 to 13 years following the operation. Of the 308 patients surviving zero to 30 days, 238 patients are alive after one to 14 years. A total of 70 patients (22 per cent died during the 14 year follow-up period. The actuarial survival rate of all patients at risk was 64 per cent at the fifth year and 51 per cent at the tenth year. For those patients who lived at least one year after surgery, the probability of survival was 84 per cent and 70 per cent at 5 and 10 years, respectively. These results compare favorably with reports of up to only 8 years with the Smeloff-Cutter and Starr-Edwards prostheses. There was only a 1.5 per cent incidence of perivalvular leak with this method of fixation, and no valve has migrated. Ball variance has not occurred with any valve inserted since 1964, and the incidence of thromboembolism with the Model A4 prosthesis is 2.4 per cent. Improvement in results depend on reduction of thromboembolism, lessening of late and operative morality rates, and by earlier operative intervention to reduce the late deaths from cardiogenic factors. PMID- 831009 TI - Heart valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft. AB - Between March, 1971, and September, 1975, glutaraldehyde-stabilized pericardial xenografts were used for single valve replacement in.212 patients (142 aortic, 67 mitral, and three tricuspid). The 195 operative survivors were observed for a total of 5,926 months over a period 6 to 61 months (mean 30). actuarial analysis of late results indicates an expected survival rate at 5 years of 92.3 per cent for patients with aortic and 91.1 per cent for patients with valve replacement. The rate of systemic embolism has been 0.62 episodes per 100 patient years for the aortic and 2.48 episodes per 100 patient years for the mitral group in the absence of anticoagulant treatment. All six emboli occurred early postoperatively, were trivial or mild, and left no sequelae. Symptomatically, 96.7 per cent of patients are now in Class I and 3.3 per cent in Class II (N.Y.H.A.). Maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the glutaraldehyde-stabilized pericardial zenograft was demonstrated by histologic and hemodynamic investigations. Catheterization showed substantial circulatory improvement in both patients with aortic and those with mitral replacement. The transaortic gradients were negligible (8 mm. Hg at rest and 17.5 mm. Hg during exercise). The available indicates that results of valve replacement withpericardial xenografts. Over this period of follow-up, compare very favorably with those obtained with other available prostheses and tissue valves. PMID- 831011 TI - Myocardial revascularization for the patient with drastic impairment of function of the left ventricle. AB - The results with medical treatment of the patient with coronary artery disease and marked impairment of left ventricular function have been poor. Of 79 patients deemed operable with an ejection fraction of 0.2 or less, only 17 (22 per cent) were alive according to an acturial curve 5 years later. We believed that surgery might offer a better outlook for these critically ill patients. Therefore, since 1969, 140 patients with an injection fraction of 0.2 or less were treated by myocardial revascularization alone, with 31 hospital deaths. Actuarial curve reveals that at 6 years, 59 per cent of the surgically treated patients are alive, and only 22 per cent treated medically are alive at 5 years. It is concluded that if the operative mortality rate is low enough, surgery enhances the survival of patients who have drastic impairment of left ventricular function. These patients are significantly improved clinically. PMID- 831012 TI - Studies of the effects of hypothermia on regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. I. The adequately perfused beating, fibrillating, and arrested heart. AB - The effects of hypothermia (32 degrees, 28 degrees, and 22 degrees C.) on left ventricular flow distribution (microspheres) and oxygen uptake in adequately perfused, beating, empty, fibrillating, and arrested hearts were studied. Minute left ventricular oxygen uptake fell progressively as myocardial temperature was reduced under all conditions. In beating hearts, however, left ventricular oxygen uptake per beat increased significantly due to the inotropic effect of hypothermia and diastolic compliance fell. Cold fibrillating hearts consumed slightly less oxygen per minute than beating hearts at comparable temperatures as fibrillation became less forceful with hypothermia. Myocardial wall tension, however, was always higher in fibrillating than beating hearts at each level of hypothermia. The lowest myocardial oxygen requirements were always found in arrested hearts (70 to 80 per cent less than either beating empty or fibrillating hearts) at any myocardial temperature. Left ventricular coronary flow remained distributed evenly across the beating heart at all myocardial temperatures and in fibrillating hearts at 28 degrees, and 22 degrees C. Left ventricular flow became redistributed toward the subendocardium in fibrillating hearts at 37 degreegs and 32 degrees C. and in arrested hearts at all myocardial temperatures. PMID- 831014 TI - Cardiac catheterization. PMID- 831013 TI - Studies of the effects of hypothermia on regional myocardial blood flow and metabolsim during cardiopulmonary bypass. II. Ischemia during moderate hypothermia in continually perfused beating hearts. AB - The effect of varying perfusion pressure on the adequacy and distribution of coronary flow was studied in normothermic and hypothermic beating hearts. At 37 degrees C., lowering perfusion pressure from 100 to 50 mm. Hg did not change oxygen uptake or total or regional coronary flow or cause biochemical or histochemical ischemia. Vasodilator reserve capacity, however, was expended in order to maintain adequate subendocardial perfusion. At 28 degrees C., myocardial oxygen uptake per minute fell but oxygen consumption per beat rose significantly. Reduction of perfusion pressure to 50 mm. Hg caused a 44 percent (p less than 0.01) reduction in subendocardial flow and resulted in redistribution of flow away from the subendocardium (endocardial/epicardial flow ratio fell from 1.25 to 1.0). Ischemia was evident from intracavitary electrocardiogram, abnormal glycolysis, and histochemical staining. These studies show that during normothermia the coronary arteries dilate to provide adequate coronary flow when perfusion pressure is reduced. In contrast, compensatory vasodilatation is inadequate in hypothermic hearts and ischemia occurs at low perfusion pressures. PMID- 831015 TI - The role of the nursing home Medical Director. PMID- 831016 TI - An experiment in voluntary systems integration: the Health and Education Council of Maryland. PMID- 831017 TI - The Privacy Act and Social Security disability. PMID- 831018 TI - The Prince George's model: applied ego psychology on the psychiatric ward. PMID- 831019 TI - Emergency room management of organic brain syndromes caused by over-the-counter hypnotics. PMID- 831020 TI - Follow-up and evaluation in an addiction program. PMID- 831021 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 831022 TI - ["Spirals" and acute salpingitis]. PMID- 831023 TI - [Current progress in cancer therapy]. PMID- 831024 TI - [How infectious is tuberculosis? Recommendations of a committee of the Swedish Association of Pulmonary Medicine]. PMID- 831025 TI - ["Spirals" and acute salpingitis]. PMID- 831027 TI - [Activities in a neurologic acute department. Retrospective study of a 3-month period in 1974 at Karolinska Hospital]. PMID- 831026 TI - [10 years of intrauterine devices in Sweden]. PMID- 831028 TI - [Primary care in developed and developing countries]. PMID- 831029 TI - [Urologic surgery in the GP (general practice) examination]. PMID- 831030 TI - [Lack of commitment and cooperation]. PMID- 831033 TI - [Warning against various common natural drugs]. PMID- 831031 TI - [BCG complication--nobody can be blamed]. PMID- 831032 TI - [Terminal care]. PMID- 831034 TI - [Internal medicine within regional health care. Is subspecialization sufficient? Is angiology needed?]. PMID- 831035 TI - [Sport medicine--special treatment of a population group?]. PMID- 831036 TI - [Clinic for sport injuries at Malmo general hospital]. PMID- 831038 TI - [Occurence of Achilles tendon rupture during athletics]. PMID- 831037 TI - [Routine stability examination of articular ligament injuries in the knee joint during anesthesia]. PMID- 831039 TI - [Closed compartment syndrome in the lower extremity]. PMID- 831041 TI - [Tibial periostitis]. PMID- 831040 TI - [Stress fractures]. PMID- 831042 TI - [Reconstruction of the destroyed knee joint with a total prosthesis]. PMID- 831043 TI - [The successful campaign against tuberculosis. A retrospective study on liquidation of the coast sanatorium at apelvik]. PMID- 831044 TI - [Candida meningoencephalitis treated with 5-fluorocytosine]. PMID- 831045 TI - Maxillary giant cell reparative granuloma. AB - "Giant cell reparative granuloma" was introduced into medical literature by Jaffe in 1953. Prior to that time most authors considered this lesion to be a variant of the benign giant cell tumor of the long bones, or a giant cell variant of osteitis fibrosa. Bernier and Cahn established the subdivision between the rare central giant cell reparative granuloma and the common peripheral epulis. In the past, considerable emphasis has been placed on the importance of differentiating the true giant cell tumor from the giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaw bones. Most authors now believe the true giant cell tumor does not appear in the jaw bones except in rare cases associated with Paget's disease of the skull. Developing from membranous, rather than cartilaginous, ossification might account for this. Both peripheral and central intraosseous lesions, parathyroid osteopathy and the pathologic tissue of cherubism show no appreciable histologic difference. These tumefactions are histologically a proliferative fibroblastic lesion with multinucleated giant cells. The histopathology of the giant cell tumor of the long bones is probably identical to the histopathology of the giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaw bones. The diagnosis of giant cell reparative granuloma must be made by physical examination, history, laboratory, X ray parameters and clinical follow-up. Localized maxillary swelling is the most important clinical feature. The swelling is smooth and palpation can reveal a rubbery, elastic sensation where bone has been thinned. There are no specific radiographic signs. Conservative surgical management is indicated and adequate for giant cell reparative granulomas. Radiation is not indicated because of long term risks. Steroids have not been proven useful. PMID- 831046 TI - "Practical suggestions on facila plastic surgery--how I do it". External marking in rhinoplasty planning. AB - Photographs, drawings, and examination at consultation have value in rhiniplastic planning. However, the surgeon is not operating on photographs, drawings, or an alert sitting or standing patient; he is operating on a nose with what was forward now facing upward. We find it most helpful to plan and mark almost the entire procedure on the external nose and surrounding structures just before the patient is put supine and sedated or anesthetized. In primary rhinoplasty, it is possible to mark essentially all skeletal anatomy within 1 mm tolerances by palpation, pushing the tip up and back, observing the changes from the outside, and looking at the inside. We believe that the anatomy and planned changes can and should be depicted by appropriate marks put on the skin. There mere act of drawing in the procedure forces us to think it through from beginning to end, a most worthwhile endeavor. Moreover, we learned very shortly after we began forcing ourselves to quantitate the anatomy and proposed changes, that we ran into fewer and fewer surprises as we worked. Photographs taken of the markings become by far the best "operative note" we can have. Comparison of these with the patient or his photographs showing the result allow us to make accurate judgments about long term effects of each surgical maneuver. Much that seemed mysterious before is found to be quite scientifically explainable. We do not propose in this short report to show how we mark every nose. Rather we shall show with drawings and a few examples how we go about marking a nose. The reader may use the suggested marking techniques or may evolve his own. The important thing is that he work out a system meaningful to him. It will be noted that we have used differing techniques for depicting similar concepts from case to case. In other words, we have not settled immutably on one system because we are still searching for the best. PMID- 831047 TI - Diagnosis in persistent cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and otorrhea have presented difficult problems in both diagnosis and management; moreover, the threat of impending meningitis necessitates early localization of the source of the leak. The most common techniques for evaluation and isolation of CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea have included X-ray studies, intrathecal dyes, and radioactive cisternography... PMID- 831048 TI - Facial palsy: unusual etiology. AB - This is a report of three patients who presented at the Mayo Clinic over a two year period. All were initially diagnosed as having Bell's palsy but were later found to have a malignant neoplasm causing the paralysis. Two of the patients had breast carcinoma metastases involving the mastoid portion of the facial nerve. The third patient had an adenocarcinoma of the deep lobe of the parotid that involved the facial nerve distal to the stylomastoid foramen. The course of the facial paralysis in the two patients with the metastitic breast disease was almost identical. It consisted of episodes of pain in the mastoid area. generally in the late evening or during the night, often awakening the patient from sleep. This was then followed by peripheral facial-nerve paralysis, sometimes partial and at other times complete. These episodes lasted from 10 minutes to several hours and then resolved completely. They recurred over several months. The patients were completely asymptomatic and normal on examination in the intervals between episodes of paralysis until it became permanent. Metastatic lesions causing facial paralysis are extremely rare in the literature. In those cases that have been reported, the paralysis was progressive from the start and in the vast majority of cases was either painless or associated with other aural symptoms such as otorrhea, hearing loss, and periauricular swelling. There are two unusual features of these two cases: 1. the initial presentation of a breast metastasis as a facial paralysis; in the first case there were no other metastatic lesions present at diagnosis, whereas the second patient had other, asymptomatic, metastatic nodules; and 2. the multiple, brief, recurring episodes of facial paralysis, which have not previously been reported as a mode of presentation of metastitic disease. The third patient was diagnosed as having Bell's palsy. A facial nerve decompression was performed, and the nerve apparently looked normal. The paralysis failed to resolve. He was later found to have adenocarcinoma of the deep lobe of the parotid that involved the facial nerve distal to the stylomastoid foramen. A report of only one similar case could be found in the literature. The sequence of events in these three cases emphasizes the importance of submitting a patient suspected of having Bell's palsy to a thorough otoneurologic examination. PMID- 831049 TI - Inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - Inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses has been classified as a true neoplasm by most authors. It is distinct from the ordinary nasal polyps in that it has a different cause, different histologic features, a higher recurrence rate, and is occasionally associated with carcinoma. This study includes 57 patients seen over a 30-year period who had inverting papilloma and for whom the history, clinical and radiologic findings, treatment methods, pathologic sections, and recurrences were analyzed. Features associated with higher recurrence rate were epithelial atypia and extent of lesions. Females showed higher recurrence rates than males. External approaches (lateral rhinotomy) reduced recurrence remarkably compared with transnasal removal (13 percent versus 45 percent). Four patients had associated carcinoma with inverting papilloma, and more extensive operations were perfomred in these cases; one patient died of the tumor. Radical aggressive treatment and careful follow-up are advocated because of the higher recurrence rate after inadequate removal and because of possible malignant transformation. PMID- 831050 TI - Aanerobic isolates in hemovac lines. AB - Seventeen of 68 patients (25 percent) who required the use of hemovac drainage system after major head and neck procedures had positive anaerobic islates. Co isolation of aerobic (94 percent) and other anaerobic (29 percent) microorganisms are common. There was an increased rate of psoitive anaerobic islates with procedures requiring exposure of mucosa. Radiotherapy, except in doses greater than 6,800 rads, did not affect the culture rate. Eight of 17 patients (47 percent) with positive anaerobic isolates had infectious-related complications while five of 51 patients (10 percent) with negative cultures had similar complications. Positive anaerobic isolates in hemovac lines can be correlated with pathogens isolated from subsequent complications. PMID- 831051 TI - Orotracheal intubation in the newborn. AB - One hundred consecutive cases of orotracheal intubation in the premature and term newborn at the Hersehy Medical Center were studied retrospectively. The reason for intubation was for respiratory failure most commonly associated with hyaline membrane disease. The duration of intubation ranged from six hours to 63 days. Seventy-nine percent required intubation for more than 24 hours and 28 percent required intubation for more than one week. No tracheotomies were performed. There were 56 survivors, 50 of which were seen in follow-up examination at three, six or 18-month intervals. There were no cases of clinically evident upper airway damage or obstruction in this group. Post mortem examinations were carried out on 35 infants with tracheal necrosis found in one case. The authors feel that orotracheal intubation is superior to nasotracheal intubation and tracheotomy in this age group. This method of management should be carried out where there is adequate trained personnel and professional staff and equipment capable of proper orotracheal tube placement and management. PMID- 831052 TI - The significance of negative middle ear pressure. AB - An increasing body of experience is defining the value of the impedance bridge for the detection and diagnosis of otologic disorders. In this study the audiometric status of 1,133 ears is correlated with the tympanometric configuration and middle ear pressure. It is noted that the air-bone gap systematically increases as the middle ear pressure decreases from 0 to -400 mm Ho. Mildly negative middle ear pressure (Jerger's Type A Tympanogram) produces air-bone gaps statistically greater than at atmospheric pressure. These data demonstrate the magnitude of the adverse effect of negative middle ear pressure upon middle ear auditory function. PMID- 831053 TI - The posterior scalping flap. AB - The posterior scalping flap is described. Hopefully, it brings another alternate method of facial reconstruction and obviates some of the problems previously existing. It is capable of resurfacing any part or the whole of the hemiface or forehead. It offers an excellent method for facila resurfacing. Further refinements and sophistications are necessary. PMID- 831054 TI - Our olympic success is in your hands. PMID- 831055 TI - How to relieve the emotional impact of cancer. PMID- 831056 TI - Upper respiratory infection? Be alert for possible heart complications. PMID- 831058 TI - To help prevent circulatory problems on long trips. PMID- 831057 TI - Congestive heart failure: special therapeutic considerations. PMID- 831059 TI - Howard Rusk on rehabilitation: cardiac cases, cancer patients, chronic obstructive lung diseases, lower limb orthotics. PMID- 831060 TI - How to manage the aftereffects of liver surgery. PMID- 831061 TI - Arthritis: when should surgery be considered? PMID- 831062 TI - How best to use antibiotics in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 831063 TI - Malpractice decisions you should know about. PMID- 831064 TI - The sickle cell disease spectrum: common types and variant forms. PMID- 831065 TI - Prazosin (Minipress) for hypertension. PMID- 831067 TI - Long-acting local anesthetics. PMID- 831066 TI - Prevention of serious infections after splenectomy. PMID- 831068 TI - Facial injuries in hockey players. PMID- 831069 TI - Intraoperative management of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 831070 TI - Plasma exchange by continuous flow centrifugation. PMID- 831071 TI - Coping with coronary heart disease. A pastoral care approach. PMID- 831072 TI - Diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (S.I.D.S.) PMID- 831073 TI - Epiphyseal growth plate injuries of the distal tibia. PMID- 831074 TI - Myasthenia gravis. Study of humoral immune mechanisms by passive transfer to mice. AB - To study the role of humoral factors in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, we employed passive transfer of human serum fractions to mice. Immunoglobulins from 16 patients with myasthenia gravis were injected into mice daily for one to 14 days. Typical myasthenic features of reduction in amplitude of miniature end plate potentials (mean change more than 50 per cent, P less than 0.005) or reduction in acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions (mean change more than 50 per cent, P less than 0.005) (or both) were produced by immunoglobulin from 15 of the 16 patients. Some mice showed weakness or decremental responses to repetitive nerve stimulation as well. The active fraction was identified as IgG by three different purification methods. Its effect was enhanced by the third component (C3) of the complement system, but the fifth component (C5) had no effect. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis often involves and antibody-mediated autoimmune attack on the acetylcholine receptors of the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 831075 TI - Quality assessment in hypertension: analysis of process and outcome methods. AB - Despite efforts to develop methods for measuring the quality of medical care, no satisfactory mechanism has been established. Our study, using hypertension as a clinical model, evaluated process and outcomes separately and then compared the two. Physician adherence to an extensive process list varied substantially from established criteria. No statistically significant association was detected between process and outcome. Regression analysis examined the relation between outcome diastolic pressure and 12 predictive variables that included patient satisfaction and social class. The only statistically significant variables (P less than 0.05) related to outcome blood pressure were age, initial blood pressure and weight. The inability to identify a relation between various process items and outcome suggests that, in determining a successful outcome for hypertensive patients, the selective use of process by the physician may be more effective than adherence to a rigid criteria list. PMID- 831076 TI - Forensic stomatology (second of three parts). PMID- 831077 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 3-1977. PMID- 831078 TI - Human disease transferred to mice myasthenia gravis. PMID- 831079 TI - Heterogeneous hormonal disorder in pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 831081 TI - Measurement and specificity of serum dna polymerase. PMID- 831080 TI - Peptic ulcer, prednisone and serum gastrin in chronic active liver disease. PMID- 831082 TI - Treatment of acetaminophen overdosage with N-acetylcysteine. PMID- 831083 TI - Flow-volume loops to assess airway obstruction. PMID- 831084 TI - Prevention of skin necrosis after PPD (cont.) PMID- 831085 TI - Correlates of creatinine excretion. PMID- 831086 TI - Surgical manpower. PMID- 831087 TI - Plain word for "passed flatus". PMID- 831088 TI - Ethanol and oral diazepam absorption. AB - Despite widespread use and abuse of ethanol and diazepam in combination, little is known about the effects of ethanol on diazepam absorption. We administered diazepam (0.07 mg per kilogram of body weight) with water and with 30 ml of 50 per cent ethanol to seven normal volunteers. Plasma diazepam levels were significantly higher at 60 minutes (P less than 0.05), 90 minutes (P less than 0.01), 120 minutes (P less than 0.01), and 240 minutes (P less than 0.01) when diazepam was administered with ethanol than with water alone. Since maximum mean plasma diazepam levels after combined ingestion with ethanol were nearly twice as high than after diazepam and water (373 ng per milliliter versus 197 ng per mililiter at 60 minutes) we conclude that ethanol enhanced diazepam absorption. PMID- 831090 TI - Forensic stomatology (third of three parts). PMID- 831089 TI - Cortisol secretion and metabolism in anorexia nervosa. AB - We studied cortisol secretion and metabolism in 10 women with anorexia nervosa. The 24-hour mean plasma cortisol concentration was 8.9 mug per deciliter (controls, 4.9) (P less than 0.01). Secretory patterns showed normal circadian rhythms. Cortisol half-life was prolonged from 60 to 78 minutes (P less than 0.01), and metabolic clearance rate was decreased from 359 to 177 liters per day (P less than 0.001). Cortisol production was normal (19.4 mg per day). Urinary cortisol was slightly elevated in two of five patients. These findings, as well as the increased tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocortisone ratio (1.2 vs 0.65, P less than 0.01), also appear in hypothyroid patients. Thyroid-function studies showed normal total and free thyroxine and thyrotropin, but low plasma tri iodothyronine levels (52.7+/-13.2 vs. 137.8+/-24.1 ng per deciliter in the controls, P less than 0.001). In five additional patients with anorexia nervosa studied before and after short-term tri-iodothyronine administration, metabolic abnormalities decreased as plasma tri-iodothyronine levels rose to or above normal. PMID- 831091 TI - Practical cardiac hemodynamics. PMID- 831092 TI - Age-adjusted plasma norepinephrine levels are similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. PMID- 831093 TI - By the London post. Competence to practice- robbing Peter to pay Paul- legislation of private practice. PMID- 831094 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 4-1977. PMID- 831095 TI - Regionalizing perinatal health services in Massachusetts. PMID- 831096 TI - Course of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 831097 TI - Triad of Naegele's pelvis, Pott's disease and dystocia. PMID- 831098 TI - Pigment cells of the eyes in people with vitiligo. PMID- 831099 TI - Possible hazards of radiologic surveillance of high-risk groups. PMID- 831100 TI - Acetaminophen and hepatic necrosis. PMID- 831101 TI - High-dosage thyroid tablets. PMID- 831102 TI - Malevolent chocolate frosting. PMID- 831103 TI - Did you ever scope a dolphin. PMID- 831104 TI - The royal society of medicine foundation. PMID- 831105 TI - Normalization of the blunted ventilatory response to acute hypoxia in congenital cyanotic heart disease. AB - Patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease have a blunted ventilatory response to hypoxia, but the permanence of the blunting is disputed. To determine how early the blunted ventilatory response develops and whether it is reversible, we studied three groups of children and young adults: five (seven to 13 years of age) with acyanotic heart disease, eight (seven to 16) with cyanotic congenital heart disease (arterial oxygen saturation, 55 to 83 per cent), and 13 (seven to 17) whose cardiac defects were repaired (arterial oxygen saturation, 93 to 98 per cent). The ventilatory response to acute hypoxia was subnormal in the hypoxemic children in that their ventilation showed little increase when arterial oxygen saturation fell by 10 to 20 per cent, compared to a 150 to 300 per cent increase in the control subjects. This characteristic even appeared in a seven-year-old patient, indicating that the disorder occurs in early life. The appearance of blunted ventilatory response is delayed when hypoxia from birth is less severe. After operation, with return of the arterial hypoxemia to normal, the response was in the normal range. We conclude that the blunted response is reversible. PMID- 831106 TI - Decreased binding of insulin to its receptor in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. AB - Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy are extremely insulin resistant. To ascertain whether this resistance is due to an insulin receptor defect, we tested four young patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy and seven healthy persons of comparable age for the binding of 125I insulin to mononuclear leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Mononuclear leukocytes from patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy bound significantly less insulin than cells from normal subjects (P less than 0.01). When patients with lipodystrophy fasted for 60 hours, the insulin binding increased. Altered insulin receptors may be responsible for the pronounced insulin resistance and the decreased synthesis of triglycerides in congenital generalized lipodystrophy. PMID- 831107 TI - Hodgkin's disease in siblings. AB - An incidence survey of Hodgkin's disease in Greater Boston during 1959-1973 detected five sibling pairs under the age of 45. The expected number is 0.7; thus, siblings of young adults with Hodgkin's disease have about a sevenfold excess risk of the disease (P = 0.0008). Eight sibling pairs, not in the incidence series, were also identified. Among all 13 pairs, 12 were sex concordant; the number expected is 6.8 (P = 0.01). The literature includes 46 sibling pairs under 45 of which 30 are sex concordant. The expected number is 23.9 (P = 0.05). Combining the present and the literature series suggests that siblings of the same sex as an affected person have a risk of Hodgkin's disease double that of siblings of the opposite sex. The sex concordance suggests that the excess Hodgkin's disease among siblings of affected persons is due either to inter-personal transmission of an etiologic agent by prolonged or intimate contact or to common-source exposures. PMID- 831108 TI - Lead poisoning in children of lead workers: home contamination with industrial dust. PMID- 831110 TI - Propranolol does not prevent thyroid storm. PMID- 831109 TI - Pruritus in dialysis patients treated with parenteral lidocaine. PMID- 831111 TI - Hospital power and medical responsibility: medical-staff bylaws. PMID- 831112 TI - Therapeutic trials, town and gown, and the public interest. PMID- 831113 TI - Sounding board. Social change and patient ethology. PMID- 831114 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and alcoholic intake in Okinawa. PMID- 831115 TI - Removal of gastric drug masses. PMID- 831116 TI - Demonstration of amyloid fibrils in synovial fluid. PMID- 831117 TI - Overcoming sphincteric resistance during endoscopy. PMID- 831118 TI - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 831119 TI - Guanethidine in the management of hypertension. PMID- 831120 TI - The case of the cardiopulmonary arrests. PMID- 831121 TI - L/S ratio and the "G-force" factor. PMID- 831122 TI - Symptoms of shellfish poisoning. PMID- 831123 TI - The written word in medicine. PMID- 831124 TI - Nonequality of racial "equality". PMID- 831125 TI - Medicine and Public Affairs. The author meets the health-care system. PMID- 831126 TI - The sympathetic-nervous-system defect in primary orthostatic hypotension. AB - We sought to elucidate further the neurologic defect of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, which appears to represent two distinct clinical entities. While recumbent, patients with multiple central-nervous-system defects, as well as peripheral autonomic nervous dysfunction, have normal plasma levels of norepinephrine that fail to increase normally after standing or exertion (P less than 0.001 by t-test as compared to controls). While recumbent, patients with peripheral autonomic insufficiency without signs of central-nervous-system defects have low levels of plasma norepinephrine (P less than 0.001) that also fail to increase normally after standing or exercising (P less than 0.001). Both groups have low levels of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (P less than 0.02). These findings are consistent with other pathological and pharmacologic observations suggesting that patients with central-nervous-system disease are unable to activate appropriately an otherwise intact sympathetic nervous system, whereas in patients without signs of central-nervous-system disease the deficit affects peripheral sympathetic nerves. PMID- 831127 TI - Importance of the colon in enteric hyperoxaluria. AB - To investigate the role of the colon in increased oxalate absorption, we measured urinary oxalate and fecal fat excretion in 26 patients with gastrointestinal disease. Eight patients with steatorrhea of various causes (Crohn's disease [two], chronic pancreatitis [four], jejunoileal bypass [one] and extrahepatic biliary obstruction [one]) had hyperoxaluria (greater than 45 mg per 24 hours). All these patients had intact colons. In contrast, none of five patients with ileostomies and steatorrhea secondary to ileal resection had hyperoxaluria. Absorption of 14C-oxalate was increased in three patients with steatorrhea and intact colons but not in three patients with steatorrhea and an ileostomy. Thus, the colon is both the site of and required for increased oxalate absorption in enteric hyperoxaluria. The lack of a direct relation between fecal fat excretion and urinary oxalate excretion in the patients with hyperoxaluria and steatorrhea suggests that steatorrhea, although important, is not the only determinant in the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria. PMID- 831128 TI - Respiratory-tract colonization and a distinctive pneumonia syndrome in infants infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - To learn if Chlamydia trachomatis causes in young infants a distinctive penumonia characterized by chronic, afebrile course, diffuse lung involvement and elevated serum immunoglobulins G and M, 47 black infants four to 24 weeks of age were examined for nasopharyngeal shedding of C. trachomatis and serum immunofluorescent antibody to lymphogranuloma venereum Type I. Nasopharyngeal C. trachomatis was found in 18 of 20 with the pneumonia syndrome, two of 15 with various other illnesses and 10 of 12 with inclusion conjunctivitis but without lower respiratory illness. Chlamydial antibody titers of infants with the pneumonia syndrome were significantly elevated (geometric mean-1, pneumonia vs. conjunctivitis = 24,833 vs. 1024 P less than 0.001). No other commonly recognized respiratory pathogens were consistently associated with the pneumonia syndrome. We believe these findings demonstrate an association between the distinctive pneumonia syndrome and C. trachomatis. This, in turn, is a particular facet of a more general event consisting of frequent colonization of the respiratory tract by C. trachomatis in natally acquired infection. PMID- 831129 TI - Evaluation of burn care in florida. AB - To determine if additional burn-care facilities or educational programs for burn care were needed within Florida, 73 of the state's 220 hospitals were studied. Data were collected on hospital statistics for a one-year period, as well as on 1656 patients admitted for burns to these hospitals during that year. When results were adjusted for severity of the injury, there was no evidence that outcomes of patients were better in any one or group of the State's eight regions, or in hospitals that had special burn units. Considerable evidence, however, indicated the need for additional educational programs in burn care. Many records were poor, admissions were inappropriate, patients with minor burns stayed too long, and burn shock was too frequent. PMID- 831131 TI - Current concepts in cardiology. Systolic-time intervals. PMID- 831130 TI - Noninvasive cardiac diagnosis (first of three parts). PMID- 831132 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 6-1977. PMID- 831133 TI - Orthostatic Hypotension and syncope. PMID- 831134 TI - Death in the scrotum: testicular torsion. PMID- 831135 TI - Method of physical payment and hospital length of stay. PMID- 831136 TI - Use of CEA in diagnosis of jaundice. PMID- 831137 TI - Cimetidine therapy in a patient with metiamide-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 831138 TI - Diagnostic tests of histoplasmosis. PMID- 831139 TI - Endotracheal bleeding. PMID- 831140 TI - Orthostatic hypotension and nerve-growth factor. PMID- 831141 TI - Esotropia and amblyopia. PMID- 831142 TI - Unilateral auditory language comprehension on the Token Test following cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. PMID- 831143 TI - Hemisphere lateralization for cognitive processing of geometry. PMID- 831144 TI - Electrical stimulation in the prefrontal cortex and delayed response in the cat. PMID- 831145 TI - An interhemispheric comparison of auditory evoked responses to consonant-vowel stimuli. PMID- 831146 TI - Interhemispherical differences in the evoked cortical potential to intersensory and repetitive stimulation: hypotheses, methods and appraisals. PMID- 831147 TI - [2 components of oral language articulation: experimental evidence of their independence]. PMID- 831148 TI - Response suppression produced by electrical stimulation in the neocortex of the cat. PMID- 831149 TI - Interhemispheric relations and the function of the minor hemisphere. PMID- 831150 TI - Phonological factors in auditory comprehension in aphasia. PMID- 831151 TI - The possible role of selective attention in acquired dyslexia. PMID- 831152 TI - Sequential memory for figures in brain-damaged patients. PMID- 831153 TI - Verbal coding and visual memory in aphasics. PMID- 831154 TI - Attention, awareness, and hemispheric differences in word recognition. PMID- 831155 TI - Foveal and parafoveal recognition of letters and words by dyslexics and by average readers. PMID- 831156 TI - Selective adaptation of "command neurons" in the human motor system. PMID- 831157 TI - Stimulus-preference and memory factors in Korsakoff's syndrome. PMID- 831158 TI - Secondary amenorrhea associated with balanced X-autosome translocation. AB - This is the first reported instance of a patient with gonadal dysgenesis that involves translocation of part of the long arm of an X chromosome to the short arm of a number 7 autosome. The importance of considering gonadal dysgenesis early in the evaluation of patients with secondary amenorrhea considered for ovulation induction is stressed. The relation between chromosomal rearrangement, phenotypic expression, and clinical presentation is discussed. PMID- 831159 TI - The diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus before viability. AB - A diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus was made before viability. The diagnosis was indicated by a discrepancy between the sonographic fetal head size, the uterine size by both clinical and sonographic examination, and x-ray films. An abortion was performed by hysterotomy. PMID- 831160 TI - Fetal puncture during midtrimester amniocentesis. AB - Four cases of fetal puncture during midtrimester amniocentesis are reported; in one instance the baby apparently sustained temporary neurologic damage. None of the lesions was detected at the initial neonatal examination. From our data and a review of the literature, we estimate that fetal puncture occurs in 1-3% of midtrimester amniotic taps. The implications of the accident are not clear. We conclude that midtrimester amniocentesis should not be considered a routine benigh procedure; and whenever the use of this diagnostic modality is being considered, the prospective parents should be informed of its hazards. PMID- 831161 TI - Sexual rehabilitation of gynecologic cancer patients. AB - The gynecologic oncologist's obligation encompasses more than cure or successful palliation of pelvic malignancy. The sexual rehabilitation of such patients is vital and must be done sensitively lest one's own concepts of "adequate sexuality" be imposed. Instruction in coital technics and alternative modes of sexual expression can be provided simply and effectively. PMID- 831162 TI - Amniocentesis. PMID- 831163 TI - Collaborative study on hysteroscopic sterilization procedures. Preliminary report. AB - Preliminary results of a retrospective study of 773 cases of hysteroscopic sterilization are presented. Of the 524 cases tested for tubal patency, 186 (35.5%) were considered failures either because of incomplete blockage of the tubes or pregnancy. Fifty-nine pregnancies (23.7%) were reported in the 249 cases which were not tested for tubal patency. In the total population 25 complications were designated as major, for a major complication rate of 3.2%. These included uterine perforation, bowel damage, peritonitis, ectopic preganncy, and 1 death from bowel perforation with peritonitis. The implications of these excessively high failure and complication rates are discussed, and plans are described for further analysis of the data. PMID- 831164 TI - Hysteroscopic removal of intrauterine devices with missing filaments. AB - Ninety-one patients using intrauterine devices (IUD with nonvisible filaments on examination underwent hysterscopy for location and retrieval of the devices. These were among 320 patients who underwent hysterscopy for a variety of indications. All but 6 patients for whom additional surgery was planned were given local anesthesia. In 78 patients, the device was found within the uterine cavity and removed under hysterscopic control. In the remaining 13, no intrauterine device was observed. Six of these 13 patients had a translocated device which was removed either by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Hysteroscopy is proposed as a useful and effective method of diagnosis and management in ambulatory patients when the filaments of the IUD are absent. PMID- 831165 TI - The significance of age in the colposcopic evaluation of women with atypical apanicolaou smears. AB - As women age, atypical Papanicolaou smears are associated with more advanced cervical neoplasia. The woman under age 30 had less than one chance in a hundred of having invasive carcinoma if she has an atypical Papanicolaou smear, while the woman over age 60 has one chance in six of this finding. An atypical Papanicolaou smear does not necessarily mean neoplasia is present; 23% of the women evaluated for atypical smears had a negative evaluation, and this included women over age 60. Endocervical currettings containing neoplastic tissue frequently are seen after age 30 and may contribute significant information to the final diagnosis; stenosis of the endocervix, however, may prevent curettage in postmenopausal women. Diagnostic conizations of the cervix rarely are necessary prior to age 30 if colposcopic technics are used. The need for conizations increases by decade of age and is required in at least one-third of postmenopausal women evaluated initially by colposcopy. PMID- 831166 TI - Adenomatous hyperplasia of the endocervix. AB - Adenomatous hyperplasia of the endocervix or "tunnel clusters" have long been felt to be the result of obstruction of endocervical gland-like clefts. However, in some instances it is possible to demonstrate that obstruction is not present. The histologic features of this entity are similar to those of benign mucinous neoplasms of the upper genital tract, and therefore it seems reasonable to suspect that adenomatous hyperplasia is, in fact, a proliferative metaplasia or neoplasia of the endocervical gland epithelium. While clinically unimportant, we believe that this is an additional example of the fundamental embryologic kinship of the entire genital tract epithelium. PMID- 831167 TI - Sexual response following hysterectomy and oophorecomy. AB - This is a report of a retrospective study of 89 patients who had undergone hysterectomy and oophorectomy. The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with sexual deterioration attributed to the operation. In the sample interviewed, 33 patients (37%) complained of a deterioration of their sexual relationships, which they attributed to the operation. Preoperative expectations of sexual alteration were found to be significantly associated with subsequent sexual dysfunction, and specifically with loss of desire for sexual intercourse. Estrogen administration, while not affecting overall sexual behavior, was specifically associated with less dyspareunia. It was concluded that sexual dysfunction following hysterectomy and oophorectomy was mainly associated with psychologic factors. PMID- 831168 TI - Postoperative pelvic gas collections simulating pelvic abscess. AB - Extraperitoneal gas collections are routinely found in pelvic soft tissues following abdominal hysterectomy. These collections have the typical appearance of extraperitoneal gas but should not be confused with pelvic infection or bowel injury. Similar collections are not routinely found following vaginal hysterectomy. PMID- 831169 TI - Premature ovarian failure and precocious puberty. PMID- 831170 TI - Induction of an LH surge with estradiol benzoate in a patient with incomplete testicular feminization syndrome. AB - A 31-year-old patient with incomplete testicular feminization syndrome characterized by a 46, XY karyotype in a phenotypic female with absent mullerian structures, marked clitoromegaly, testes and wolffian duct structures, partial labioscrotal fold fusion, and male levels of circulating androgens is described. She was challenged with estradiol benzoate (EB) to simulate the preovulatory surge of estradiol seen in cycling women. This EB challenge resulted in a negative feedback response for FSH but an LH surge similar to that induced with EB in cycling women. This suggests that in the incomplete testicular feminization syndrome there is hypothalamic or pituitary resistance to the blocking effects of androgens on LH surge production. PMID- 831171 TI - The primary empty sella syndrome. AB - An extreme and unique manifestation of the primary empty sella syndrome was found by the pneumoencephalographic demonstration of air in the sella turcica of a short, 18-year-old, prepubescent female with primary amenorrhea. Gonadotropins and growth hormone were selectively deficient and not stimulated by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) or insulin induced hypoglycemia, respectively. PMID- 831173 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection in a patient with prior total abdominal hysterectomy. AB - A patient who had previously had a total abdominal hysterectomy developed disseminated gonococcal infection arising from a primary vaginal focus. This first report of a case demonstrates that disseminated gonococcal disease can occur from genital sites despite the absence of a uterus or cervix. PMID- 831174 TI - Abscess formation in Gartner's duct cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. A report of two cases. AB - The occurrence of both urinary and genital abnormalities in the same female patient is well known. Two cases of abscess formation in a Gartner's duct cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis are presented. Marsupialization is recommended as a satisfactory method of treatment. PMID- 831172 TI - Corpus luteum hemorrhages complicating chronic anticoagulation. AB - A 29-year-old patient with prosthetic replacement of two cardiac valves who was receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy presented with sequential corpus luteum hemorrhages. The problems of reproductive system hemorrhage from chronic anticoagulation therapy are discussed, as well as the specific problemsof women of reproductive age with heart valve replacements. Issues and therapy are considered. PMID- 831175 TI - Granulomatous salpingitis secondary to Crohn's disease. AB - A 30-year-old woman with longstanding Crohn's disease underwent resection of bowel and adherent adnexa. Granulomatous enterocolitis and granulomatous salpingitis and oophoritis were present histologically. Unusual features accompanying this tubal process included formation of an adnexal mass and florid atypical proliferation of the tubal epithelium. This proliferation is similar to that epithelial change described in tuberculous salpingitis and should not be confused with carcinoma in situ. PMID- 831176 TI - The occurrence of squamous metaplasia as a precursor of squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a pathologic rarity. The 20th case of this lesion which meets Fluhmann's prerequisite criteria is presented. The etiology of squamous metaplasia is reviewed, and the relative frequency of its occurrence, as previously described, is reconsidered. PMID- 831177 TI - Benign hemangiomyoma of the uterus. AB - A benign cavernous hemangiomyoma of the uterus in a 52-year-old woman is described. The tumor consisted of large venous channels within a stroma composed chiefly of smooth muscle and was confined to the corpus, without involvement of the endometrium or cervix. Considerable thrombosis had occurred within the vascular spaces. Hemangiomas of the uterus are very uncommon and the great majority are benign. A classification of uterine hemangiomas is presented, together with a discussion of their histogenesis and their relation to malformations. PMID- 831178 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - The eighth documented case of leimoyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is presented. Histologic evidence for concomitant intravenous leiomyomatosis and early development of a leiomyoma in a vessel wal was noted in the present case. Electronmicroscopic studies proved the smooth muscle origin of the tumors in this case. Intriguing features of this disease are its grossly malignant appearance, relatively benign histology, and generally favorable clinical behavior. Because women of reproductive age, especially in the fourth decade, are affected, hormones may play a role in the etiology of LPD. Intraoperative diagnosis requires frozen-section examination and treatment has included extirpation of involved tissues, wherever possible. Also advocated is surgical castration which may remove the hormonal stimulus for the growth of any residual tumor. Since LPD bears a close resemblance to genital leiomyosarcoma, it warrants proper recognition and management. PMID- 831179 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor. Report of a case with remission following chemotherapy. AB - The case of a 33-year-old white female with an endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary who manifested remission of her disease as a result of the intermittent administration of chlorambucil is described. This remission following chemotherapy with a single alkylating agent is unusual. PMID- 831180 TI - Intraabdominal calcification in treated disseminated carcinoma of the ovary. AB - The presence of diffuse abdominal calcification in patients with known carcinoma is usually a sign of metastatic involvement. This finding in some patients who have been treated with high dosage radiation therapy may represent areas of tumor necrosis and subsequent healing without evidence of active malignancy. PMID- 831181 TI - Mixed mesodermal sarcoma of the ovary. AB - Three cases of mixed mesodermal sarcoma (MMS) are reported and a review of 90 cases from the English literature is presented. All cases were analyzed with regard to clinical features, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. The histogenesis of these rare tumors is discussed and a new classification of ovarian sarcomas is proposed. MMS usually afflicts the postmenopausal women and occurs more often in the nulliparous female. The disease is usually advanced (Stage III) when diagnosed and thus provides a difficult challenge to any postoperative therapy. PMID- 831182 TI - Pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism, empty sella syndrome, and hypopituitarism in a young woman. AB - The confluence of pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism, empty sella syndrome, and pituitary insufficiency is reported for the first time. The patient, an 18-year old woman, was evaluated because of primary amenorrhea. Possible relations between the three entities described are discussed and the appearance of pituitary hypofunction in patients with the empty sella syndrome is emphasized. PMID- 831183 TI - Metastatic tubal mole and coexisting intrauterine pregnancy. AB - A case is presented of a patient with hydatidiform mole of the fallopian tube and coexisting intrauterine pregnancy. Pulmonary metastases from the tubal mole developed and were successfully treated with actinomycin D. PMID- 831184 TI - Unilateral twin interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Report of a case. AB - An unusual case of twin unilateral interstitial pregnancy is described. On admission the patient was thought to have an intrauterine pregnancy of 14 weeks' gestation. Because of an irregularity in the right cornual region of the uterus, a culdocentesis was performed which returned unclotted blood. Because of this finding the patient underwent laparoscopy which revealed an unruptured right cornual pregnancy. An early diagnosis before rupture allowed for conservative surgical management and uterine conservation. PMID- 831185 TI - Ectopic pregnancy and first trimester abortion. AB - A total of 41,753 first-trimester abortions were done over a 4-year period at two Planned Parenthood centers, among which 11 verified cases of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy were discovered. Elective abortion provides an opportunity for the diagnosis of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Pathologic examination of tissue specimens is important in suggesting the presence of an ectopic gestation. Patients who become pregnant with an intrauterine device in place are at higher risk for an ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 831186 TI - Ovarian pregnancy. AB - Two cases of primary ovarian pregnancy are described. The etiologic, clinical, and pathologic findings and management are discussed briefly with a review of pertinent literature. Routine removal of all bleeding corpora lutea and careful examination of the tissue and blood clots is recommended as this should reveal more cases of early ovarian pregnancies. PMID- 831187 TI - Ultrasonographic description of succenturiate placenta. AB - Postpartum hemorrhage may occur in cases of a retained succenturiate lobe. More catastrophic is rupture of the fetal vessels connecting the lobe to the placenta. A case is presented demonstrating the sonographic description of a large succenturiate lobe. PMID- 831188 TI - Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy with Ascaris infestation. AB - Two cases of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy occurred among Vietnamese evacuees in Arkansas. In both cases, Ascaris lumbricoides seemed the likely cause. In endemic areas including the rural southeastern United States, a high index of suspicion for ascariasis is needed because these worms may cause a variety of abdominal disorders including pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and bowel obstruction. In appropriate settings, a therapeutic trial with antihelminthics is indicated. PMID- 831189 TI - Pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, Addison's disease, and hypothyroidism. PMID- 831190 TI - Use of metolazone in the treatment of refractory hypertension. PMID- 831192 TI - Curriculum innovations at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. PMID- 831191 TI - Physical medicine and rehabilitation. PMID- 831193 TI - [Surgical treatment of supravalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 831194 TI - [Blood sugar determination by the Reflomat reflection photometer]. PMID- 831195 TI - [Caroli's syndrome]. PMID- 831196 TI - [Thyrotoxic crisis]. PMID- 831197 TI - [Comments on the article on hyperpyrexia]. PMID- 831198 TI - [The significance of persisting ST elevation following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 831199 TI - [The state of temporary pacemaker therapy in Tolna County]. PMID- 831200 TI - [Toxic hearing damage caused by antibiotics]. PMID- 831201 TI - [Within-group fight for evading so-called borderline duties in hospital departments]. PMID- 831202 TI - [Our experience with continuin]. PMID- 831203 TI - [Data on the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome]. PMID- 831204 TI - [Medical medals by Ferenc Medgyessy]. PMID- 831205 TI - [Bela Fornet, 1890-1966]. PMID- 831206 TI - [Mihaly Lenhossek, 1863-1937]. PMID- 831207 TI - [Istvan Csapody]. PMID- 831208 TI - [Comparative study of surgical hand disinfectants]. PMID- 831209 TI - [Possibilities of ultrasonic diagnosis in the localization of intrauterine contraceptive devices]. PMID- 831210 TI - [Differential diagnostic problems in convulsive Adams-Stokes and epileptic seizures]. PMID- 831211 TI - [Reye's syndrome (recent cases in Hungary)]. PMID- 831212 TI - [Urinary screening tests at the kidney clinic in Bacs-Kiskun County]. PMID- 831213 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and multiple tumor formation. Ultrastructure of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 831214 TI - [A rare form of twin pregnancy--simultaneous extra-and intra-uterine pregnancy]. PMID- 831215 TI - Cord blood hyperlipoproteinemia and perinatal stress. AB - In 275 neonates mean cord blood cholesterol level was 70 +/- 17 (SD) mg/dl, with a range from 30 to 153 mg/dl. Mean cord blood triglyceride level was 33 +/- 26 (SD) mg/dl, with a range of 5-192 mg/dl. In an attempt to correlate perinatal problems and hypercholesterolemia in neonates we compared 15 hypercholesterolemic neonates who had cord blood cholesterol levels above 95 mg/dl, range 100-153 mg/dl, and triglyceride levels less than 65 mg/dl, with 65 normal neonates whose cord blood cholesterol levels were less than 95 mg/dl and triglyceride values were less than 65 mg/dl. We also compared 19 hypertriglyceridemic neonates who had cord blood triglyceride levels greater than 65 mg/dl, range 66-192 mg/dl, and cholesterol levels less than 95 mg/dl with the 65 normal neonates. Elevated cord blood cholesterol values greater than 95 mg/dl or triglyceride values greater than 65 mg/dl were associated with maternal-fetal problems related to unfavorable intralterine environment, fetal distress, and fetal anoxia. There was a significant correlation between post-term delivery and hypercholesterolemic neonates, and low Apgar scores and maternal hypertension were more often associated with hypertriglyceridemic infants. There was no association between serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels and prolonged ruptured membranes, cesarean section, maternal diabetes, or maternal hypothyroidism. Consequently, we think that when neonates are identified who have elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels, the possible influence of maternal-fetal perinatal complications should be considered. Speculation Infants with familial hypercholesterolemia may be identified by increases in cord blood cholesterol concentrations. Elevated cord blood cholesterol or triglyceride values of some neonates, however, may represent hyperlipoproteinemia related to neonatal stress associated with maternal-fetal perinatal problems. PMID- 831216 TI - Taurine in developing rat brain: transfer of [35S] taurine to pups via the milk. AB - The concentration of taurine in rat milk is very high for the first few days after birth and then falls rapidly. [35S]Taurine injected intraperitoneally into lactating dams after birth was transferred via the milk to the pups, and accumulated in the brains of the pups to a greater extext than in the livers of the pups. Maximal accumulation of [35S]taurine so transferred to the brain of the pups was reached by 5 days after birth, and remained constant for at least 10 days beyond this poiht. The specific radioactivity in the brain of the pups also reached a maximal value at 5 days after birth and thereafter declined because of the expanding pool of unlabeled taurine in brain. At 5 days after birth, each pup has received approximately 4 mumol taurine from the mother via the milk, and a minimum of 7% of the total taurine in brain at this time originated from the milk. Speculation Even in the rat, a species which can synthesize taurine very easily from cysteine and methionine precursors, a significant amount of performed taurine is transferred to the developing animal via the milk. We suggest that the human infant, who cannot synthesize adequate taurine from cysteine and methionine precursors (9, 10, 40), may be dependent on its diet as a taurine source. Human milk contains a high concentration of taurine, whereas synthetic formulas contain virtually none. Taurine may be an essential nutrient for the rapidly growing human infant (and may be for the adult human also) and perhaps should be included as a supplement in synthetic formulas. PMID- 831217 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G and albumin dynamics. A comparison in experimental allergic encephalitis and herpes simplex encephalitis in rabbits. PMID- 831218 TI - Factors controlling the nonprotein cystine content of cystinotic fibroblasts. AB - The cystine content of cystinotic fibroblasts increases with the length of time in cultivation. Four of five cystinotic cell strains showed an increase in cystine content with increased passage number. Cystinotic fibroblasts did not increase in cell number after 3 days in dialyzed fetal bovine serum. However, their cystine content increased almost 2-fold on a per cell number basis. Cystinotic cells incubated in cystine-free medium lost approximately 50% of their free cystine over a period of 12 hr and subsequently remained at about this level for 12 additional hr. Treatment of cystinotic cells with 1.0 mM dithiothreitol in complete medium reduced their free cystine content to about 25% of the initial level in 5 hr. The free cystine remained at this level after incubation overnight incystine-free medium without dithiothreitol. When dithiothreitol is added in the presence of a cystine-free medium, even more free cystine is removed from cystinotic cells (90%), and the free cystine content remains at this low level for as long as 48 hr if the cells are kept in a cystine-free medium. Cystinotic cells depleted of more than 50% of their intracellular free cystine by incubation in cystine-free medium reaccumulate cystine rapidly after replacement of cystine containing medium. When cystinotic cells were depleted of their free cystine by treatment with dithiothreitol in a cystine-free medium and were then replaced in complete medium the intracellular free cystine reaccumulated rapidly, regaining its initial value in about 4 hr. The intracellular free cystine content found after 10 hr in complete medium reflected the cystine content of the medium. Cells in medium containing 0.266 mM cystine reaccumulated almost 60% more cystine than cells in medium with 0.066 mM cystine. When cystinotic and normal control fibroblasts were incubated for 2, 4, and 24 hr in either [35S]methionine or [35S]cystathionine, no radioactivity was recovered as cystine, cysteine, or glutathionine. PMID- 831219 TI - Separation of serum ciliary dyskinesia substances from cystic fibrosis subjects. AB - Purified serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), derived from eight cystic fibrosis (CF) and five carrier subjects, has been shown to be responsible for the mucociliary disturbances noted in the rabbit tracheal bioassay. A small molecular substance of less than 10,000 but greater than 1,000 daltons (by Amicon filtration) was found associated with gamma-globulin fractions isolated from sera of these same cystic patients and their parents. Once separated by PM-10 ultrafiltration, this small substance was unable to promote the ciliary dyskinesia response in eight of eight CF and five of five CF carrier individuals unless pooled purified human IgG was added. In addition, the IgG-rich fraction retained by PM-10 ultrafiltration was still able to promote the ciliary dyskinesia response in the bioassay, an event noted in our earlier work with whole serum. The size of the small serum substance and its association with IgG closely corresponds to that described for the oyster test system, as well as to that produced by cultured cells derived from homozygotes and heteroxygotes for this genetic disorder. The persistence of the ability to promote mucociliary disturbances by the IgG-rich retentate PM-10 fractions may be indicative of the ineffective molecular separation by the Amicon ultransfiltration apparatus or may represent another CF-related, IgG-associated substance not influenced by ultrafiltration. Speculation The genetic disturbance of CF can be explained by the presence of a molecule(s) which has an affinity for IgG, which in turn gives rise to the various physiologic facets of this disorder. This molecule(s) is present in CF only because of a deficiency of an enzyme which normally controls its level by inactivation. PMID- 831220 TI - Ventricular epicardial activation sequence in the lamb. AB - The ventricular epicardial activation sequence (VEAS) in 15 anesthetized lambs (near term fetus to 3.5 months of age) was determined using 40 simultaneously recorded bipolar electrograms for each animal. Isochrone maps were drawn by hand using relative activation times determined from the maximum first derivative of multiplexed signals recorded and analyzed by computer from single cardiac cycles. VEAS was similar for all ages studied. Earliest left ventricular (LV) activity appeared on the caudal dorsal and/or ventral free wall. Initial right ventricular (RV) activation appeared on the ventral anterior and/or lateral surface either simultaneously with or slightly later (2.5-3.5 msec) than initial LV activation. Excitation then proceeded circumferentially and in an apicobasilar direction and terminated on the right ventricular outflow tract.(RVO). All LV and RV epicardium except RVO activated within 7.5-12.5 msec. RVO required more than 1n.5 msec to activate in 12 of 15 animals. Total duration of RVO activation never exceeded 22.5 msec in any animal. Neither the duration nor the pattern of activation of LV or RV epicardium, including RVO, changed in a consistent fashion with age. These findings are similar to the known VEAS for adult ruminants. The data indicate that the VEAS assumes the adult pattern as of late gestation and suggest that changing right and left ventricular electromechanical events do not contribute to and probably are not affected by the process of ventricular epicardial activation. Speculation Although maturational changes in right and left ventricular electromechanical events do not appear to be related to the sequence of ventricular epicardial activation, such changes may be related to the distrubution of corresponding epicardial and intramural isopotentials. PMID- 831221 TI - The development of pyruvate carboxylase in rat liver mitochondria. AB - Enzymatic and immunologic methods were used in the studies of the development of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in the perinatal rat liver. Rabbit antibodies to purified rat liver mitochondrial PC and to rat liver mitochondria were made. The monospecific activity of the anti-PC serum was demonstrated. Results of the study of developmental PC formation showed a simple quantitative change in PC activity and PC protein. A minute amount of PC (0.10-0.45 mumol/g liver/min; 2-10 mug/g liver) in fetal liver mitochondria increased to 1.9 +/- 0.12 mumol/g/min; 60 +/- 4 mug/g at 4-5 hr after birth, peaked (7.11 +/- 0.50 mumol/g/min; 175 +/- 12 mug/g) on the fifth day, and then declined to the normal level (4.68 +/- 0.42 mumol/g/min; 130 mug/g) found in adult liver during the third week. Results of the studies concerning the effects of premature and postmature delivery on the developmental pattern of PC during the first 8 hr after birth suggest that the postnatal increase of this enzyme is not triggered by the process of birth itself. Speculation The increase of mitochondrial PC activity and PC protein in the neonatal liver will lead to a greater availability of glucogenic carbon in the cytosol and will make a significant contribution to the overall enhancement of neonatal gluconeogenesis. PMID- 831222 TI - [Side-effects of anticoagulants and their prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 831223 TI - [Benign osteoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 831224 TI - [Medical and social aspects of leg-fractures; conservative treatment or surgical treatment? 1st part (author's transl)]. PMID- 831225 TI - Research experience in an undergraduate physical therapy program. AB - For the past five years, two required courses in research methodology have been presented to physical therapy students during their senior year. The overall objective was to prepare students to use the scientific method in their approach to physical therapy practice. The content of the first course included didactic instruction on the research process with emphasis on reading and interpreting the medical and scientific literature. In conjunction with this experience, students developed research proposals. During the second course, students gathered data, analyzed and synthesized results, and prepared a complete research paper. To date 67 projects have been completed. Reactions to this learning experience and samples of abstracts written by students are presented. PMID- 831226 TI - Evaluation in a competency-based educational system. AB - Competency-based curricula have been implemented at the Medical College of Georgia to prepare students to meet entry level competencies as physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Criteria-referenced evaluations are used to determine if students have achieved the desired competencies. Performance is measured against the criteria and not other students. The process of developing the system currently in use at the Medical College of Georgia is delineated in some detail and some of the advantages of the system for physical therapy education are discussed. PMID- 831227 TI - Job satisfaction-dissatisfaction. A comparison of private practitioners and organizational physical therapists. AB - Job factors which results in feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction were studied in a sample of 25 physical therapists engaged in private practice and 25 physical therapists employed as chiefs of departments. Our purpose was to determine the meaningfulness of work for physical therapists and to compare private practitioners with therapists who work within an organization. Ten factors of the sixteen studied were found to be significantly satisfying or dissatisfying for all therapists. In addition, organizational therapists were satisfied with the work itself and valued recognition for their efforts, whereas private practitioners were more concerned with personal responsibility. Organizational therapists experienced periods of unhappiness with some aspects of interpersonal relationships and with some policies of the organization, and private practitioners were unhappy with long working hours. There was no significant difference in salaries, achievement, possibilities for growth, status, or security. PMID- 831228 TI - Peripheral vision used in gait training. PMID- 831229 TI - Storage of whirlpool turbines. PMID- 831230 TI - An additional opinion. PMID- 831231 TI - On possible dangers of nicotinic acid therapy in acute burns. PMID- 831232 TI - Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis after rhinoplasty: case report. AB - We report a rare entity, septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses complicated by a subdural empyema in rhinoplasty. PMID- 831233 TI - Dermabrasion and limited excision of the fibrous papules of tuberous sclerosis: case report. AB - We report a patient with tuberous sclerosis who had chronic bleeding from the fibrous papules on his face. Dermabrasion and local excision of these was a simple and effective treatment. Follow-up at one year is reported. PMID- 831234 TI - Desmoplastic fibroma of the hand: case report. AB - We present a patient who had a desmoplastic fibroma at the base of the metacarpal of his long finger. The operation to remove the lesion and to reconstruct the metacarpal is described. The history of the experiences with this lesion is reviewed. PMID- 831235 TI - Simulated erection of the penis with saline injection, a diagnostic maneuver. PMID- 831236 TI - Facial fractures in children: an analysis of 122 fractures in 109 patients. AB - A retrospective study of 122 facial fractures in 109 children, under 16 years of age, is reported. The data are analyzed in terms of fracture type, sex, age, etiology, therapy, and complications. PMID- 831237 TI - Reversible, titrated deep sedation for major office surgery. AB - We have operated upon 446 consecutive patients in the office, using the controlled titrated method of sedation which we have described. We believe the results are superior to the methods in more common use. A major factor in choosing a narcotic as our one basic drug was the availability of a safe, swift, and effective antidote to it. PMID- 831238 TI - Rhytidectomy: a statistical analysis. AB - A statistical analysis of 1,500 consecutive rhytidectomies is presented. In rhytidectomy, complications occur in a significant percentage of the operations. The plastic surgeon must be aware of the incidence and significance of these complications, and also he must know how to avoid or manage them. PMID- 831239 TI - Lower blepharoplasty--a clinical study. AB - In 20 to 26 patients who had blepharoplasties in which the lower eyelid skin was undermined at two different levels on the two sides, little (if any) difference could be demonstrated in the postoperative appearance. PMID- 831241 TI - A reduction mammaplasty with the areola-nipple based on an inferior dermal pedicle. AB - The design of, and some results from, a mammaplasty with an inferior dermal pedicle is presented. PMID- 831240 TI - Retrobulbar hemorrhage. AB - Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication of orbital trauma or surgery. Although the process is usually self-limiting, infrequently visual impairment may result. Various methods for relieving the associated intraocular hypertension (caused by the extraocular compression posteriorly) have been suggested. The effectiveness of some remains questionable. To reassess the effectiveness of conservative management of this problem, we reviewed the medical records of all 10 patients who had had retrobulbar hemorrhage at our institution during the past 8 years. Additionally, we did an experimental study on rabbits to evaluate the visual effects of a transient but abnormally high intraorbital pressure. The results are reported. PMID- 831242 TI - Partially submuscular breast augmentation. AB - The partially submuscular implantation has not permanently impaired normal arm or shoulder movements. As the lower and medial origins are severed only as far superiorly as the 3rd rib, just a small portion of the whole muscle is affected. The breast looks natural because the prosthesis remains separated from the skin by the muscle in the upper portions. The contour of the gland, soft tissues, and implant creates a pleasing outline in the lower part. A palpable capsular formation has developed in only 6 percent of our cases, when examined after one year. PMID- 831243 TI - Dye injection studies of intraorbital fat compartments. AB - Injections of dye into the orbits of cadavers was followed by diffusion of the dye throughout the orbital fat, and confirms the findings of Hugo and Stone. We also found that the muscles and everything else in these orbits were stained. In contrast, however, when we injected individual fat compartments in patients undergoing blepharoplasty, the dye stained only the fat in that compartment. The pattern of the staining confirmed the existence of two fat compartments in the upper eyelid and 3 fat compartments in the lower eyelid, as described by Castanares. PMID- 831244 TI - The changes produced by presurgical orthopedic treatment of bilateral cleft lip and palate. AB - A serial cephalometric analysis (with the aid of metallic implants) and an analysis of the models of 10 children with complete bilateral clefts, who received presurgical orthopedic treatment, was done. It revealed that such therapy can successfully reduce the protrusive deformity of the premaxilla, when forward growth of this structure is restrained so as to allow the remainder of the face to "catch up." Our other observations include the accentuation of the columella during treatment, but an absence of growth at the cleft margins. Orthopedic treatment which fails to achieve the desired aims in 12 weeks of active therapy should be discontinued then in favor of such surgical setback as may be necessary to allow a satisfactory lip repair. PMID- 831245 TI - The panniculus carnosus in the domestic pig. AB - The panniculus carnosus arises from the superficial fascia of the midlateral back, inserts into the medial skin of the forelimb, and fuses ventrally with the contralateral cutaneous muscle. In the midback, forelimb, thigh, and groin the panniculus carnosus is lacking; there, superficial fascia alone is present. Both the panniculus carnosus and the superficial fascia divide the panniculus adiposus into a superficial compact layer and a less compact deep layer. The firm attachment of the dermis to the panniculus carnosus, and of the panniculus carnosus to the deep fascia, makes pigskin a more suitable model for comparison with human integument than the usual laboratory animals with loosely draped skin. When using the pigskin model, however, care must be exercised to define the level of incisions and the location of flaps or grafts, with respect to the panniculus carnosus. PMID- 831246 TI - [Psychotherapy in medical practice]. PMID- 831248 TI - [Catheter embolization of a bleeding inoperable hypernephroma]. AB - The indications for and technique of transcatheter renal embolization are demonstrated in the light of a case of inoperable hypernephroma. The embolization was performed with autologous muscle tissue and involved no serious complications. The efficiency of the technique is evidenced by the resultant reduction in hematuria. An interesting aspect is the possible formation of a tumor abscess one month after the embolization. PMID- 831247 TI - [Liver tumors and oral contraceptives. Report of a case and review of the liverature]. AB - On laparotomy in a 33-year-old woman presenting with signs of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, a tumor (diameter 4.5 cm) of the right lobe of the liver was found and resected. It proved to be a hamartoma (focal nodular hyperplasia). At the age of 20 years the patient had been treated by radiation and chemotherapy for stage I Hodgkin's disease. Oral contraceptives had been prescribed for a period of 2 years. In the literature approximately 70 cases of chielfy benign liver tumors have been reported in women taking oral contraceptives. More than one third of these cases came to light because of life threatening intraabdominal bleeding due to rupture of the tumor. A causative relationship between hepatic tumors and the use of oral contraceptives is suggested. As yet, however, there is no conclusive evidence to support this suggestion. PMID- 831249 TI - [Gentamicin neurotoxicity (polyneuropathy--encephalopathy)]. AB - An investigation has been conducted into clinical signs and concomitant ultrastructural alterations in the peripheral nerves of 4 patients who developed polyneuropathy and, in part, encephalopathy following gentamicin therapy. The ultrastructural analysis of the nerve biopsy afforded evidence of an induced lysosomal abnormality comparable to the changes observed in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. As in nephrotoxicity, the neurotoxic effect seems to be reversible. PMID- 831250 TI - [Abdominal plain films in mesenterial infarct]. AB - 86 plain films of the abdomen from 63 patients with acute mesenteric infarction were compared with plain films of 90 patients with acute abdomen of different origin. The airless abdomen, the increased thickness of the gut wall and the hairpin sign proved tbe nonspecific, but more pronounced and more frequent in mesenteric infarction. Gas in the gut wall and in the portal vein system was found only in mesenteric infarction. All 6 patients with gas in the portal veins died. The airless abdomen in a patient with severe abdominal pain is a surprising finding and points to the possibility of mesenteric infarction. PMID- 831251 TI - Legal abortion. PMID- 831252 TI - The antibody combining site. PMID- 831253 TI - The perception of moving targets. PMID- 831254 TI - Flame-retardant additives as possible cancer hazards. PMID- 831256 TI - Octopine as an end product of anaerobic glycolysis in the chambered nautilus. AB - The terminal step in the anaerobic glycolysis of muscle in the chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, is not pyruvate reduction to lactate as in vertebrate muscle. Instead of lactate dehydrogenase, these organisms utilize octopine dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.5.1.11), catalyzing the reductive condensation of pyruvate and arginine, which is dependent on the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, to form octopine and the oxidized form of the coenzyme. The kinetic properties of octopine dehydrogenase favor the production of octopine, which accumulates under a variety of conditions. PMID- 831255 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: experimental infection in primates. AB - Measles virus isolated from the brain of a 12-year-old boy with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis caused a chronic, progressive encephalitis in experimentally infected rhesus monkeys. The infection was eventually fatal in spite of pre-existing measles immunity and a vigorous secondary antibody response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the infected animals. The findings provide a basis for studies into the pathogenesis and possible treatment of the human disease. PMID- 831257 TI - Thymic muscle cells bear acetylcholine receptors: possible relation to myasthenia gravis. AB - Culture of dissociated thymus from rats and humans yielded cells identical to skeletal muscle with respect to morphology, contractility, electrophysiological properties, and the presence of acetylcholine receptors. These cells, strategically located in the thymus, may play a role in initiation of the autoimmune response against acetylcholine receptors, which is characteristic of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 831258 TI - Activation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway by injection of cholera enterotoxin into the substantia nigra. AB - Twenty-four hours after unilateral injection of cholera enterotoxin into the rat substantia nigra there is an increase, in the striatum on the injected side, of basal adenylate cyclase activity, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Moreover, there is an increase of motor activity, and rats tend to circle contralateral to the side of the injection. Injection of cholera enterotoxin into brain nuclei may be a useful procedure for pharmacologically activating selected neuronal systems of brain and for studying the pharmacology of drugs that are suspected of interacting with these systems. PMID- 831259 TI - Participation of a nonenzymatic transformation in the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens. AB - The biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens proceeds via three enzymatic hydroxylations, of which the first two take place on the C-19 methyl group and convert it to aldehyde. The final and rate-determining hydroxylation occurs at the 2 beta position, and the product rapidly and nonenzymatically collapses to an estrogen. PMID- 831260 TI - Hybrid cricket auditory behavior: evidence for genetic coupling in animal communication. AB - Male field crickets produce species-specific and stereotyped calling songs. Conspecific females are attracted to the call. Reciprocal F1 hybrid females prefer the calls of sibling hybrids to reciprocal hybrids. Discrimination is probably based on temporal pattern and not carrier frequency of the call. The results imply that production of song by males and its detection by females have a common genetic basis. PMID- 831261 TI - Antimetabolic extract from the brain of the hibernating ground squirrel Citellus tridecemlineatus. AB - Extracts of subcortical brains from hibernating ground squirrels, when injected intravenously into rats, caused a mean decrease in oxygen consumption of 35 percent and a decline in body temperature of 5 degree C. The effects lasted from 75 minutes to 30 hours. Brain extracts of nonhibernating squirrels caused no significant changes in these parameters. PMID- 831262 TI - Reexamination of tetradecenyl acetates in oak leaf roller sex pheromone and in plants. AB - The chemistry of the oak leaf roller sex pheromone is shown by means of microozonolysis and computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to be dominated by an approximate 70 to 30 ratio of E- and Z-11-tetradecenyl acetates. Tetradecenyl acetates are undetectable in highly purified oak leaf, apple leaf, and corn extracts analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These results reflect negatively on previous reports and on the hypothesis that plant components might govern insect chemical communication systems. PMID- 831264 TI - Density and competition among sunfish: some alternatives. PMID- 831263 TI - The stomach as a site for rapid nutrient reinforcement sensors. AB - Rats with inflated cuffs placed around the pyloric sphincter were given a choice between two nonnutritive solutions. Ingestion of one solution was paired with nutritive intragastric injections and ingestion of the other was paired with saline injections. The preference of rats for the nutrient-paired flavors indicates that the stomach alone can rapidly detect the arrival of nutritive substances. PMID- 831265 TI - Synthetic galactocerebrosides evoke myelination-inhibiting antibodies. AB - Synthetic galactodihydrocerebrosides with widely different fatty acid components can evoke myelination-inhibiting antibodies in rabbits. Whether these are the only such haptens involved in experimental immunizations of other species or in spontaneous human diseases is not yet known. PMID- 831266 TI - Perceived lightness depends on perceived spatial arrangement. AB - The perceived shade of gray depends primarily on the luminance relationship between surfaces percieved to lie in the same plane and not between surfaces that are merely adjacent in the retinal image. This result implies that depth perception must precede lightness perception and that lateral inhibition cannot explain lightness constancy. PMID- 831267 TI - Ionochromic behavior of Grecko visual pigments. AB - Digitonin extracts of the retina of Gekko gekko prepared to minimize the presence of chloride ions show the photopigment to be at about 490 nanometers rather than at 521 nanometers, the position found for the same pigment in situ. The addition of chloride to the extract causes a bathochromic shift in spectral absorbance, the magnitude of the shift being related to the concentration of chloride, within limits. The effect is a specific one, and of all the anions tested only bromide causes a similar bathochromic shift. The nature of the cation is not involved since the same action is produced by the chlorides of sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, magnesium, beryllium, lanthanum, and choline. PMID- 831268 TI - Morphine lowering of self-stimulation thresholds: lack of tolerance with long term administration. AB - Rats were given increasing amounts of morphine over a period of weeks in order to achieve tolerance. Doses of the drug which initially reduced the threshold for self-stimulation behavior continued to do so after long-term administration. These results demonstrate a persistent central effect of morphine which may be related to the opiate "high." PMID- 831269 TI - Marek's disease: effects of B histocompatibility alloalleles in resistant and susceptible chicken lines. AB - Lines of chickens selected from a common ancestral population for either resistance or susceptibility to Marek's disease developed contrasting frequencies of particular B alloalleles. Comparison of inoculated sibs in backcross-families revealed that the B alloalleles characterizing the two lines accounted for an eightfold difference in tumor incidence. This genetic difference in tumorigenesis associated with the alloalleles of the major histocompatibility complex is probably expressed through the cell-mediated immune system. PMID- 831271 TI - Socially induced inhibition of genetically determined maturation in the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus. AB - Maturation in Xiphophorus maculatus (Pisces; Poeciliidae) is under control of the sex-linked P gene. However, when two individuals are reared together the socially dominant individual delays the maturation of the subordinate. Nevertheless, it is not a requirement that a fish be socially dominant to become mature. The data suggest that inhibition of maturity takes place when an individual is not dominant at a time near the genetically determined age of maturation. Two hypotheses are offered to explain these results. PMID- 831272 TI - Natural selection for juvenile lizards mimicking noxious beetles. AB - Adult Eremias lugubris in southern Africa are concealingly colored and move with a typical lizard gait, but the jet-black and white juveniles are conspicuous and forage actively with arched backs. In color, gait, and size, juveniles mimic "oogpister" beetles (Carabidae: Anthia) that spray an acidic, pungent fluid when molested. This unique mimicry, which is believed to be the first reported case of a terrestrial vertebrate mimicking an invertebrate, seems to reduce predation on juvenile lizards. PMID- 831270 TI - Glial-neural interaction demonstrated by the injection of Na+ and Li+ into cortical glia. AB - Injection of Na+ or Li+ into cortical glia evokes glial depolarization, discharge of adjacent neurons, and vascular pulsation. The effects can be explained by the extrusion of K+ from glia after cation injection, glial swelling, and the slow removal of the cation from glia. The data suggest that the reduced rate of reuptake of K+ into Na+-loaded glia results in epileptiform firing of neurons, and support the hypothesis that glia function to buffer the environment of neurons. PMID- 831274 TI - Scintillator distribution in high-speed autoradiography. PMID- 831273 TI - Chloride transport across isolated opercular epithelium of killifish: a membrane rich in chloride cells. AB - The opercular epithelium of Fundulus heteroclitus contains typical gill chloride secreting cells at the high density of 4 X 10(5) cells per square centimeter. When isolated, mounted as a membrane, and short-circuited, it actively transports chloride ions from the blood side to the seawater side of the preparation. This preparation offers a useful approach to the study of osmoregulation in bony fishes. PMID- 831275 TI - A computer-based chemical information system. PMID- 831276 TI - Size limit of molecules permeating the junctional membrane channels. AB - The permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channels in salivary gland cell junction (Chironomus thummi) was probed with fluorescent-labeled amino acids and synthetic or natural peptides. Molecules up to 1200 daltons pass through the channels with velocities depending on molecular size. Molecules of 1900 daltons or greater do not pass. This passage failure seems to reflect the normal size limit for junctional channel permeation; the channels continue to be permeated by the molecules up to 1200 daltons when these are mixed with the nonpermeant molecules. From this size limit a channel diameter of 10 to 14 angstroms is estimated. PMID- 831277 TI - Primary structure of cholera toxin beta-chain: a glycoprotein hormone analog? AB - The completed sequence of the beta-chain of cholera toxin (103 amino acid residues) was compared to the beta-chains of chorionic gonadotropin, thyrotropin, luteinizing, and follicle stimulating hormones. The overall chemical similarity of the toxin beta-chain to the hormones was not statistically different from random; however, a comparison of the first 40 residues of the toxin beta-chain to the glycoprotein hormones revealed a segment of the hormones which was significantly chemically similar. The probability was less than .003 that the similarity was due to chance. PMID- 831278 TI - Plasma membrane: rapid isolation and exposure of the cytoplasmic surface by use of positively charged beads. AB - Erythrocytes were ionically attached to polylysine-coated beads 30 micrometers in diameter. The binding of the cells was so tenacious that lysis or disruption of the attached cells left the beads covered by plasma membranes whose cytoplasmic surface was exposed and accessible for further analysis. PMID- 831279 TI - Lateral diffusion in planar lipid bilayers. AB - Direct measurements by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of lateral diffusion coefficients of fluorescent lipid analogs in lipid bilaryer membranes indicate self-diffusion coefficients D greater than 10(-7) square centimeters per second for various lipid systems above their reported transition temperatures. Cholesterol in egg lecithin at mole ratio of 1 : 2 reduces D by about twofold, while retained hydrocarbon solvent can increase it by two- to threefold. PMID- 831280 TI - Developmental dyslexia: two right hemispheres and none left. AB - Developmental dyslexia may be associated with (i) bi-hemisphere representation of spatial functions, in contrast to the right-hemisphere specialization observed in normal children, and (ii) typical left-hemisphere representation of linguistic functions, as is observed in normal children. The bilateral neural involvement in spatial processing may interfere with the left hemisphere's processing of its own specialized functions and result in deficient linguistic, sequential cognitive processing and in overuse of the spatial, holistic cognitive mode. This pattern of cognitive deficits and biases may lead dyslexics to read predominantly with a spatial-holistic cognitive strategy and neglect the phonetic-sequential strategy. Such an approach in learning to read phonetically coded languages, such as English, many be inefficient and limited. PMID- 831281 TI - From piecemeal to configurational representation of faces. AB - Unlike older children and adults, children of less than about 10 years of age remember photographs of faces presented upside down almost as well as those shown upright and are easily fooled by simple disguises. The development at age 10 of the ability to encode orientation-specific configurational aspects of a face may reflect completion of certain maturational changes in the right cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 831282 TI - Nonnutritive sweeteners: taste-structure relationships for some new simple dihydrochalcones. AB - Six sweet and five nonsweet simple nonglycosidic dihydrochalcones were prepared, two of which have properties comparable to those of the intensely sweet neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. PMID- 831283 TI - Hyperphenylalanemia: effect on brain polyribosomes can be partially reversed by other amino acids. AB - The effect of a single injection of phenylalanine (2 mg/g of body weight) on brain polyribosomes, which increases the number of inactive monoribosomes, persists for 2 to 3 hours. A single injection of seven large neutral amino acids after phenylalanine administration results in a reversal of the effect on brain polyribosomes with a resultant decrease in monoribosomes to near normal levels. The other common amino acids are apparently not limiting during hyperphenylalanemia, because an injection of these did not increase recovery. PMID- 831284 TI - Suppression of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a mutant of reovirus type 3. AB - A revertant of a reovirus group A temperature-sensitive mutant was crossed with wild type. More than 50 percent of the progeny were temperature sensitive. In all of the temperature-sensitive progeny examined by recombination tests, the temperature-sensitive lesion was in group A. The results indicate that the revertant was phenotypically suppressed. PMID- 831285 TI - Coronary tone modulation: formation and actions of prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxanes. AB - Exogenous prostaglandin (PGE2) contracts bovine and human coronary arteries but its precursor, arachidonic acid, relaxes them. The endoperoxides PGH2 and PGH3 relax bovine coronary strips, but PGH1 produces contraction. The primary prostaglandins exert opposite effects to their own endoperoxide precursors, thus, PGE2 and PGE3 contract, and PGE1 relaxes the bovine coronary arteries. The paradoxical coronary dilation produced by the arachidonate or the PGH2 suggest that little if any coronary isomerase which converts endoperoxide into PGE2 exists, or that a novel, potent, PG-like substance is produced by the isolated coronary arteries. Although the coronaries do not possess thromboxane A2 synthetase activity, the vessels are profoundly contracted by exogenous thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 can be synthesized and released by circulating platelets when they are aggregated by endothelial injury or thrombin. Thus, coronary tone, and possible spasm, in ischemic myocardial zones may be influenced markedly by interplay between prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxane formed by platelets on the one hand, and endoperoxide products synthesized endogenously in the coronary arteries on the other. PMID- 831286 TI - Blood corpuscles and blood hemoglobins: a possible example of coevolution. AB - A model which equates oxygen transport to hemoglobin concentration and molecular weight is used to demonstrate that high concentrations of hemoglobin will augment oxygen transport only if the molecular weight of the hemoglobin is low. The evolution of corpuscles is a necessary counterpart to having high concentrations of the low molecular weight hemoglobins. corpuscles prevent loss of the small molecules by way of excretory filters and prevent the development of exceedingly high plasma osmotic pressures. PMID- 831287 TI - Monocular deprivation: morphological effects on different classes of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Retrograde axonal transport of horseadish peroxidase from areas 17 and 18 of the cat's visual cortex labels, principally, the small (X) and large (Y) cells, respectively, of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Quantitative analysis of the sizes of these morphologically identified neurons after monocular deprivation shows that the arrest of cell growth in the deprived laminae involves mainly Y cells. PMID- 831288 TI - Selective blockade of hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity in rats by serotonin depleting midbrain lesions. AB - Adult female rats, depleted of 70 percent of forebrain serotonin by dorsal and median raphe lesions, showed little overeating of food pellets and obesity following medial hypothalamic lesions. However, these rats showed the same reduced acceptance of sucrose solutions, enhanced rejection of quinine solutions, and exaggerated weight gain on a high-fat diet as did other rats made obese by medial hypothalamic lesions alone. Since raphe lesions alone produced none of these effects, the pattern of behaviors observed suggests a hitherto unknown (perhaps secondary) role for brain serotonin metabolism in selective aspects of the medial hypothalamic syndrome. PMID- 831289 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with external drainage of obstructive biliary lesions. AB - Transhepatic cholangiography was performed in 83 patients using a technique of catheterization of the bile ducts and external drainage. After drainage, the jaundice decreased, and the condition of the patients improved preoperatively. Emergency exploratory examination had to be performed in two patients after the examination, in both because of bile leakage. The complication rate is lower than that for the 22 patients who did not undergo drainage in conjunction with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. PMID- 831290 TI - A technique for the repair of a single or common ventricle. AB - A new extensive operative technique with several points of important surgical significance was applied to six patients with a single or common ventricle in whom the types of anomalies consisted of common ventricle, Van Praagh's type C, in one instance and single ventricle, Van Praagh's type A and B, in five instances. The important points of this technique are an atrial approach designed to avoid damage to the ventricular function; reconstruction of the ventricular septum using a pouch graft with specially tailored, substitute Dacron vessels; adequate positioning of the prosthetic septum, resulting from use of a pouch graft; special consideration given to suturing at the site of attachment of the interatrial and interventricular septum to lessen damage to the conduction system, and double valve replacement. The adequacy of such extensive surgical repairs cannot be judged accurately until more patients are operated upon. PMID- 831291 TI - Course and treatment results of young patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Carcinoma of the pancreas is increasing in incidence and appears to do so, in part, by affecting an increasingly younger population. To define differences or similarities of a young population with those of other reported series, the records of 31 patients less than 46 years of age were summarized and compared. Regardless of age, patients had identical symptoms when first seen, on the average of less than six months' duration. In spite of this short time, the vast majority, 26 of 31 patients, had widespread, unresectable disease at operation. No identifiable difference of epidemiologic significance has been identified. Considerable palliation can be achieved by performing bypass procedures. The three who survived the longest period of time in this group had pancreatoduodenectomies performed for cure. PMID- 831292 TI - Serum protein concentration during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Early changes in serum protein concentration during hemorrhagic shock were evaluated in a series of 20 dogs, following massive bleeding. The serum protein concentration fell faster than did the hematocrit value, with significant changes becoming apparent 15 minutes after hemorrhage, p less than 0.05. After this initial fall, a less marked descent occurred. The most remarkable changes were in the serum albumin fraction. Changes of the globulin levels were less evident. These findings of an early albumin loss, occurring within 15 minutes following acute massive hemorrhage in the dog, probably are due to a leakage of albumin into the interstitial space, secondary to increased capillary membrane permeability. Larger molecules, such as the globulin fraction, did not consistently decrease during the first 45 minutes following shock, a possible indication that loss of this protein into the interstitial space did not occur in a consistent manner. The aforementioned findings support the early use of intravenous infusions containing macromolecules, larger than albumin, during hemorrhagic shock, to re-establish an oncotic gradient, which is diminished due to a loss of albumin from the circulation. PMID- 831293 TI - Differences in regional immunoreactivity during the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods in patients with carcinoma of the breast. AB - Quantitative morphologic assessment of immunoreactivity in regional lymph nodes in 82 patients with carcinoma of the breast without axillary node metastasis showed a significant decrease of the hyperplasia index with age. These differences were particularly noteworthy when premenopausal and postmenopausal women were compared, p less than 0.05. This finding might be an indication of a direct link between ovarian hormones, probably progesterone, and immunity, and it would challenge the concept of oophorectomy performed as a prophylactic measure in patients in the premenopausal period. PMID- 831294 TI - The surgical management of diverticular disease of the colon complicated by perforation. AB - Thirty instances of perforating diverticulitis seen at the University of Alabama Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The correct diagnosis was assumed prior to operation in only 12. A palpable mass located in the lower part of the abdomen was found in 15 patients. All of the patients had a pericolic type of perforation. Seven patients, five with symptoms highly suggestive of a diverticular disease of the colon, were operated upon for suspected gynecologic problems. It appears that the patients in this group could have been treated more appropriately if the diagnosis of a perforating diverticulitis had been considered preoperatively. It is important to determine whether or not the perforation is pericolic, intramesenteric or free, with spreading peritonitis, since the advocated treatment is different for each type of perforation observed. PMID- 831295 TI - The role of implant porosity on the development of infection. AB - The role of implant porosity as a determinant of infection was studied. Standardized porous and nonporous polymethyl methacrylate implants were fabricated for this investigation. In rabbits, the premolded polymethyl methacrylate implants were placed under the paravertebral fascia, just superficial to the paravertebral muscle fascia, before inoculation with a measured number of staphylococci. The polymethyl methacrylate implants did not enhance the infection rate of the contaminated wounds. The presence of pores within the implants did not damage tissue defenses. Polymethyl methacrylate implants did not alter the success of antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics prevented the development of infection in wounds containing 10(6) organisms, even in the presence of an implant. When higher levels of organisms were delivered to the wound, antibiotic treatment had a negligible benefit in the implant and control wounds. PMID- 831296 TI - Polypropylene suture in esophageal and gastrointestinal operations. AB - A comparison was made of the gross and microscopic wound healing and tissue reactivity between stainless steel wire, polypropylene and silk in anastomoses in the u-prepared colon of the dog. While all anastomoses healed irrespective of the suture material used, wire was associated with the least inflammatory response, silk the most and polypropylene intermediate, its low reactivity approaching that of wire. A clinical trial of Prolene for 71 varied anastomoses between pharynx, esophagus, stomach and colon in 47 patients undergoing esophageal resection and reconstruction or bypass was done. In four of the seven anastomotic disruptions which occurred, causative factors unrelated to the suture material could factorily in the remainder of these patients. Monotive suture which works well in esophageal and gastrointestinal anastomoses. PMID- 831297 TI - The effects of calcitonin on pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs. AB - The effect of calcitonin on pancreatic secretion was studied in unanesthetized dogs with a Thomas cannula implanted opposite the main pancreatic duct. Pancreatic juice was collected for a 60 minute control period, during which time secretion was stimulated by the intravenous infusion of secretin and pancreozymin. After the 60 minute control period, calcitonin was infused along with the secretin and pancreozymin. The infusion of calcitonin caused the volume, bicarbonate and enzyme output in the pancreatic juice to decrease to about one half of that during the control period. During the one hour period, after calcitonin infusion was stopped, the volume, bicarbonate and enzyme content of the pancreatic juice increased but remained slightly lower than that of the control period. The infusion of calcium gluceptate, along with secretin and pancreozymin, overcame the inhibitory effect of calcitonin on pancreatic secretion. PMID- 831300 TI - Improving the patency of arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 831301 TI - A simplified technique for gastrostomy. PMID- 831298 TI - Postmastectomy reconstruction of the breast. PMID- 831302 TI - Exposure of the right renal artery for a graft. PMID- 831299 TI - Electrical potential of gastroduodenal mucosa measured by endoscopy. AB - The gastroduodenal mucosa has a negative electrical potential with regard to the blood stream, as measured by a potentiometer connected to an intravenous and an intragastric electrode. The intragastric electrode can be positioned on various points of the gastroduodenal surface under direct vision through the forceps channel of the gastroduodenoscope. The values of potential differences were determined in various areas of the stomach and duodenum of normal humans and also over gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastritis and gastric erosions. A deflection of the potential difference value toward zero characterizes any disruption of the normal mucosa, even if only a few millimeters in diameter. Localized reproduce localized potential difference deflections. Atrophic lesions are represented by larger areas of abnormal potential difference levels. The direct multiple determinations of potential differences over mucosal areas in which lesions are suspected is a useful, simple tool for more objective gastroduodenoscopic diagnoses. PMID- 831303 TI - The selection of an amputation level with radioactive microspheres. AB - The results of studies in progress will provide data concerning radioactivity per unit area over various sites on the extremity to determine the relative perfusions between amputation sites.These quantitative data, when combined with the qualitative interpretation and correlated retrospectively with the clinical course of the amputee, should enhance the ability to predict the healing potential. PMID- 831304 TI - Technique for specimen collection of postsurgical exudate of wounds. AB - Postsurgical sepsis due to anaerobic microoganisms is often difficult to diagnose. The difficulty arises primarily because of inadequate specimen collection techniques and because of delays in the transport of the specimen to the microbiologic laboratory. Three acceptable techniques for anaerobic specimen collection and transportation have been offered. All of these techniques have in common the minimization of contact between the collected specimen and the atmosphere, a step which helps to preserve the viability of many of the fastidious anaerobic bacteria frequently implicated in surgical sepsis. PMID- 831305 TI - Aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery. AB - A case of aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. The saccular aneurysm located in the tegmental region, with a clear cut neck, was successfully clipped by an occipital transtentorial approach. PMID- 831306 TI - Special article Nurse practitioners and neurosurgical manpower. PMID- 831307 TI - Spontaneous thrombosis of an intracranial aneurysm during treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid. AB - The authors report spontaneous thrombosis of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm in a patient receiving the anti-fibrinolytic agent, epsilon aminocaproic acid. Intense vasospasm and profound neurologic deficit accompanied the initial hemorrhage. Follow-up angiography two, four and ten weeks following the initial hemorrhage demonstrated occlusion of the aneurysm and progressive thrombosis of a middle cerebral artery branch despite the disappearance of vasospasm. The patient had a persistent hemiparesis. PMID- 831308 TI - Dionosil swallow: a test of laryngeal protection. PMID- 831309 TI - Simplified percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunting. AB - A single unit percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunt has been designed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ease of insertion makes this shunt a useful tool in the treatment and diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus. PMID- 831311 TI - Telescoping scalp retractor. PMID- 831310 TI - The Future of neurosurgery. PMID- 831313 TI - Unreliability of epidural venography in lumbar disc disease. AB - Lumbar epidural venography has been compared with myelography and discography in 69 patients suspected of having nerve root compression from herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Only 78% agreement occurred when venograms were interpreted as unknowns by two radiologists. Twenty-three percent of the venographic examinations were suboptimal, most of these in patients operated upon previously. False-negative venography occurred in 13%. Midline disc herniations were missed more often than lateral herniations. PMID- 831312 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage associated with anticoagulation therapy. AB - Nine patients with intracranial hemorrhage associated with long-term anticoagulation therapy were evaluated at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital over a 30-month period. The relationships of the hemorrhage to other variables, both in this series and in the review of the literature, are analyzed. The most common site of the intracranial hemorrhage was the subdural space. No direct correlation between the presence of arterial hypertension or prothrombin activity and intracranial hemorrhage existed. The outcome was favorable in six of the patients, four of whom had a subdural hematoma. PMID- 831314 TI - Endothelial changes secondary to use of a Fogarty catheter. AB - Effects of a Fogarty catheter on vascular endothelium have been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Significant endothelial changes were noted chiefly at the site of balloon inflation. PMID- 831315 TI - Melanotic ameloblastoma (retinal anlage tumour) of the skull in a Nigerian child. AB - An unusually large melanotic neuroectodermal (retinal anlage) tumour of the frontal bone is described in a Nigerian child. It is the first instance of involvement of the skull by this disease seen in 20 years at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 831316 TI - Giant hemispheric arteriovenous fistula in an infant. AB - The authors present a case of an 11-month-old boy with a giant hemispheric arteriovenous fistula, which was successfully excised. The pathogenesis of the hydrocephalus present in this case is discussed. PMID- 831317 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of intracranial arteries. AB - The authors present a case of the sudden onset of hemiplegia in an eight-year-old boy secondary to a dissecting aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery. PMID- 831318 TI - Abdominal cyst from shunt. PMID- 831319 TI - Carotid artery endoscopy (autopsy). AB - Intra-arterial endoscopy of the common carotid artery and its bifurcation was accomplished in 100 random autopsy cases. Resulting still photographs and movies reveal fatty dots and streaks, elevated gelatinous plaques, mural thrombi, thrombosis, ulcerations and ulcers with or without organizing thrombi, boulder and stalagmite-shaped lesions, bridging and elevated plaques in the carotid artery. These findings suggest possible explanations for some surgical and angiographic complications, bruits, transient ischemic attacks or strokes following reportedly normal carotid angiograms. Endoscopy aids in understanding the theories of inception, progression and sequelae of atherosclerosis,the role of risk factors, trauma and hemodynamics. PMID- 831320 TI - [Veterinary medicine and public health (author's transl)]. AB - Various aspects of current problems in the field of public health will be commented on in an introductory paper. Attention will mainly be paid to three subjects, viz. zoonoses, food hygiene and environmental pollution. Recent developments in the field of so-called classical and currently emerging zoonoses will be briefly discussed with reference to the specific papers which will be presented by specialists during the course of the day. In the field of food hygiene, problems of bacterial and chemical contamination of foods of animal origin will be referred to. Modern aspects related to drastically altered methods of production, distribution and eating habits will be stressed again. Future chief items for further methods studies in this field will be puut forward. In addition to general aspects of problems relating to the environment and pollution, attention will be drawn to the specific contribution of the veterinarian both in the prevention of further pollution and in the possible solution of the highly complicated problems in this field. Real and hypothetical cycles of micro-organisms and chemical constituents in the environment as well as studies designed to disrupt these cycles will be discussed. In considering these problems, reference will be made to more detailed discussions whhich will take place during the course of the day, to the duties of and possibilities for the veterinarian in all these fields of research, to international co-operation and to the research programmes and legal regulations in the Netherlands. PMID- 831321 TI - [Leptospirosis (author's transl)]. AB - Leptospirosis is one of the most widely distributed zoonoses. Dogs are the pets in which leptospirosis is most common. The use of diagnostic laboratory procedures is discussed. During the first seven days of the disease, leptospires may be detected in the blood and organs; after the seventh day, they are detectable in the kidney and possibly also in the urine. Examination of the serum for antibodies is possible after the first week of the disease. A clinical diagnosis is often hard to establish. Unlike what used to be the case, infections with L. icterohaemorrhagiae are more common today than those with L. canicola. Infections are more common in male dogs than they are in bitches. In addition to antibiotic therapy, preferably consisting in administration of penicillin and streptomycin, symptomatic treatment is useful. Vaccination should be performed in the spring. Dog are probably of minor importance as a source of human infection in the Netherlands. PMID- 831322 TI - [Some viral zoonoses transmitted by pets (author's transl)]. AB - Besides dogs and cats, various other animals are more or less popular as pets in the Netherlands. It is importance to the veterinary practitioner to know which diseases may be transmitted to man by these animals. Of the viral zoonoses. rabies constitutes a menace to man, in which dogs and, to a less extent, cats supply a link between man and free-living wild animals. Another viral zoonosis in which interest was centered in recent years, is lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) caused by a virus which often is latent in mice but which may also be detected in young hamsters. A human disease caused by a pathogenic agent which should not be classified with the viruses, is chlamydiosis (psittacosis, ornithosis), which disease is usually transmitted to man by psittacine birds or pigeons. Of the above disease, the pathogenic agents, the clinical pictures in man and animals, the mode of transmission and possible preventive and therapeutic measures are discussed. Finally, the risk of transmission of viral zoonoses by less current "pets" is stressed. PMID- 831323 TI - [Treatment of psychogenic sexual dysfunction. I. A review]. PMID- 831324 TI - [Vaginismus treated by a modification of the technic of Masters and Johnson]. PMID- 831325 TI - [Propranolol induced increase in serum thyroxine (total T-4) in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 831326 TI - [Gastrointestinal endocrinology]. PMID- 831327 TI - [Clinical sexology]. PMID- 831328 TI - [Drinking habits and routine laboratory tests in 490 ambulatory treated alcoholics]. PMID- 831329 TI - [Treatment of psychogenic sexual dysfunction II. Some types of therapy]. PMID- 831330 TI - [Splenectomy in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 831332 TI - [The value of routine x-ray examination of the stomach and duodenum in patients with biliary tract disease]. PMID- 831331 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infection in patients with acute abdominal symptoms. A prospective study]. PMID- 831333 TI - [Dosage of allopurinol. A comparative cross-over study of daily single and multiple doses]. PMID- 831334 TI - [Tetanus. A study of the physiopathology of smiling]. PMID- 831335 TI - [Uncharacteristic hypertonia resulting from treatment with metoclopramide (Primperan) in children with acute gastroenteritis]. PMID- 831336 TI - [Adverse effects during use of levamisole (Decaris, Janssen) for indications other than intestinal worm]. PMID- 831337 TI - [Social workers in general practice. II. Client--patients activities]. PMID- 831338 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris. A follow-up study with consideration of the evaluation of prognosis]. PMID- 831339 TI - [Rupture of the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve]. PMID- 831341 TI - [Foreign bodies of the esophagus]. PMID- 831342 TI - [Vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets]. PMID- 831340 TI - [NBT test in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 831344 TI - [Stable and unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 831343 TI - [Drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy]. PMID- 831345 TI - Dilated ureter. Classification and approach. PMID- 831346 TI - Blunt renal injuries of intermediate degree. AB - Our experience with 104 cases of blunt renal trauma included 20 injuries of intermediate degree. Of this group, urinary extravasation (60 per cent) and parenchymal laceration (100 per cent) were predominant features exhibited by conventional radiographic studies. Both findings do not require surgical intervention and spontaneous resolution can be anticipated. Nephrectomy (9 cases) and heminephrectomy (2 cases) were perhaps performed unnecessarily in this group since 9 similar patients managed either consevatively (7 cases) or subjected to minor operative procedures on the kidney (2 cases) responded with total functional and anatomic recovery. Arteriography is at times recommended since it can provide information that will give confidence in the conservative management of some cases. PMID- 831347 TI - Ureteral obstruction of solitary kidneys by iliac artery aneurysms. AB - Two patients with solitary kidneys had ureteral obstruction caused by iliac artery aneurysms. Both patients were treated successfully with ureterolysis and temporary proximal diversion. Iliac artery aneurysms generally remain asymptomatic; however, patients may have urologic complaints (such as hematuria, flank pain, anuria, or a pulsatile urinary stream), and severe complications may develop as a result of an obstructive uropathy. Diagnosis is confirmed by cystoscopy when a mass is present, intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, and arteriography. Treatment must be individualized with consideration of the etiology of the aneurysm and condition of the patient. Surgical correction of the aneurysm may be appropriate. Ureterolysis, with proximal diversion as a temporary safety valve, is a useful procedure particularly when the patient has a solitary kidney. PMID- 831348 TI - Ureteral injuries secondary to operative procedures. Report of 24 cases. AB - Twenty-four cases of ureteral injury are reviewed as to presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Prevention and prompt primary repair of the injury are stressed. Ureteroureterostomy and ureteral reimplantation produce the best results. Nephrectomy is recommended only when potential of contamination of a vascular graft exists. PMID- 831349 TI - Transpubic urethroplasty for membranous urethral strictures. AB - Six patients with traumatic membranous urethral strictures have undergone urethroplasty utilizing the traspubic approach with resection of a wedge of the symphysis pubis. Three patients are free of stricture, 2 required urethral dilatation in the early postoperative period only, and 1 patient requires dilation every three months. Four patients are completely continent of urine, 1 has mild stress incontinence, and 1 is incontinent because of a neurogenic bladder. This approach provides excellent exposure with minimal morbidity and allows an easy under-vision anastomosis. PMID- 831351 TI - Failure to control postprostatectomy urinary incontinence by urethral compression. AB - A modification of Kaufman's urinary incontinence device was implanted unsuccessfully in 5 patients. This device achieved passive urinary continence in each of these patients; however, all patients continued to experience moderate to severe stress incontinence. The results of this study challenge the concept that static urethral compression can achieve total urinary continence in patients with postprostatectomy incontinence. PMID- 831350 TI - Bladder muscle contractility. Comparative effects and mechanisms of action of atropine, propantheline, flavoxate, and imipramine. AB - The anticholinergic and antispasmodic activity of atropine, propantheline, imipramine, and flavoxate were judged by each drug's ability to inhibit bethanechol chloride and barium chloride-induced canine detrusor contractions. In this in vitro model, atropine and propantheline are pure anticholinergic agents. Imipramine significantly decreases both bethanechol and barium-induced contractions, while flavoxate only minimally inhibits the response to either stimulant. PMID- 831352 TI - Progressive penile amputation. Tourniquet injury secondary to hair. AB - In the past three years we have treated 5 cases of penile strangulation secondary to entrapment by human hair in the coronal groove. All patients had been circumcised and were between fourteen months and five years of age. Total urethral transection occurred in 2 children. Their presentation and our method of management are discussed. PMID- 831353 TI - Extensive shortening of ileal conduit through peristomal incision. AB - A conservative procedure is described for shortening the redundant ileal segment through a peristomal incision. The procedure may be used to complement a stomal revision. PMID- 831354 TI - Role of surface mucin in primary antibacterial defense of bladder. AB - Histochemical staining of bladder tissue has demonstrated a discrete layer of mucopolysaccharide (mucin) at the surface of rabbit and human bladders. This mucin is disrupted by acid treatment and is probably resynthesized by the transitional cells in less than twenty-four hours and replaced by forty-eight hours. Physiologic data indicate that bladder mucose can resist bacterial attachment, a function that is also disrupted by acid and recovers in less than twenty-four hours. These findings suggest that the surface mucopolysaccharide inhibits bacterial binding and may be the primary antibacterial defense of the urinary tract. PMID- 831355 TI - Vesical exstrophy with epispadias. Twenty-year follow-up. AB - A case we believe to be the longest with successful anatomic closure of exstrophy and epispadias witholt reflux or incontinence is reported. The persistence of the squamous metaplasia in the bladder despite twenty years of "turn-in" is noteworthy. The original method of closure reveals no "secret" to account for the success. The method of repair of traumatic rupture is presented. PMID- 831356 TI - Complication from Plastibell circumcision ring. AB - We describe the cases of 4 neonates with retained Plastibell rings and discuss the potential seriousness of this problem. Removal of the rings was accomplished by use of wire cutters. Local wound care resulted in perfect healing in 3 and slight scarring with ventral curvature in 1. None of these patients required skin grafting. PMID- 831357 TI - Bladder tumor associated with phenacetin abuse. AB - The association between phenacetin abuse and renal papillary necrosis is widely known. Recently, reports in the European literature indicated a possible correlation between phenacetin abuse and the development of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and bladder. A case of transitional cell carcinoma associated with phenacetin abuse is presented. The pharmacology of phenacetin metabolites is discussed, and the world literature is reviewed. The data available warrant careful reappraisal of the ready availability of phenacetin. PMID- 831358 TI - Incapacitating flank pain of questionable renal origin. AB - Local anesthetics can play a significant role in the diagnosis, and possible definitive treatment, of previously intractable flank pain. Numerous patients may thus be spared unnecessary physical and mental anguish, as well as unnecessary surgery. PMID- 831359 TI - Condylomata acuminata and squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Until recently, condyloma acuminatum has been considered to be a benign growth with no malignant potential. The histologically similar, yet clinically different, giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor) has been defined as a mass with downward growth that has no histologic malignant changes, although the clinical course may be malignant. A review of the literature yielded 65 cases of malignant degeneration of this type of tumor and supports the concept that either condyloma acuminatum or the Buschke-Lowenstein tumor may precede or be associated with squamous cell carcinoma. A patient presenting with condyloma acuminatum in whom invasive squamous carcinoma of the penis developed exemplifies the transitory character of the disease. PMID- 831360 TI - Diagnostic problems of epithelial tumors of penis. AB - Malignant epithelial tumors of the penis often present aspects which make difficult an accurate clinical and pathologic diagnosis. Frequently, repeated biopsies yield a benign diagnosis while the tumor continues to progress and sections through it indicate malignant components. It is suggested that epithelial tumors of the penis may consist, in many instances from their start, of a mixture of benign and malignant elements in ratios varying from one extreme to the other. This may explain why biopsies are frequently misleading, yielding a benign result while, in fact, the tumor is malignant. PMID- 831361 TI - Rheumatoid pseudotumor of urinary bladder simulating carcinoma. AB - A forty-nine-year-old female with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was seen with hematuria and a urinary bladder lesion which on cystoscopic examination simulated carcinoma. Microscopic evaluation after segmental resection of the lesion revealed that it was a rheumatoid nodule. Rheumatoid nodules are known to occur in many parts of the body, but an extensive search of the literature has failed to reveal any previous report of urinary bladder involvement. PMID- 831362 TI - Case profile: recurrent retroperitoneal mass. PMID- 831363 TI - Electrocardiographic changes with intravenous pyelography in healthy individuals. AB - Fifty apparently healthy individuals undergoing intravenous pyelography had electrocardiographic evaluation before, during, and after the examination. No patient had a major electrocardiographic change after contrast injection. Of the 7 patients with abnormal baseline electrocardiograms, all had a striking (greater than 40 beats per minute) rise in rate. The 43 patients with normal electrocardiograms had a small but significant rise in rate. No ischemic changes or major arrhythmias occurred. Although electrocardiographic aberrations were better correlated with baseline electrocardiograms than history or physical evaluation, our experience and a review of the literature confirms the safety of this examination in healthy people. PMID- 831365 TI - Stab wounds of the brain. AB - Unlike the penetrating injuries to the brain caused by missiles, injuries by stabbing are largely restricted to the wound tract. Early recognition, debridement and judicious antibiotic therapy can limit or prevent complications in the management of stab wounds. Among the common sequelae of stab wounds of the brain are pneumocephalus, meningitis, intracerebral hemorrhage and direct blood vessel or nerve injury. PMID- 831364 TI - Displacement of left kidney suggesting adrenal tumor. AB - Several infants with a left suprarenal "cold spot" shown on technetium scintiphotos were also found to have inferior displacement of the left kidney on the urogram. Surgical exploration was considered on the basis of possible adrenal tumor; however, the highly suspicious "lesion" disappeared after gastric deflation, and it was recreated after gastric distention. Review of infant urograms has shown that gastric distention is a common cause of a "normal" low lying left kidney, in clear distinction to the adult in whom a displaced left kidney frequently shows a pathologic condition. PMID- 831366 TI - Infectious disease emergencies. Part IV: Patients presenting with gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 831367 TI - Newer aspects of some interesting lipid storage diseases: Tay-Sachs and Gaucher's diseases. PMID- 831368 TI - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity--morphologic and pharmacologic features. PMID- 831369 TI - School-based immunization clinics. A method for raising community immunization levels. AB - A survey in ten Sacramento schools indicated that immunization levels were low and that they compared with the low levels estimated by the Center for Disease Control for the rest of the country. The problem was given priority, and a plan evolved using the community's schools.A method was developed to screen and immunize large numbers of children in a short time. The schools were used as a focal point to immunize both school-aged and preschool-aged children in each section of Sacramento County. A trained immunization team carried out immunizations with high cost effectiveness. PMID- 831370 TI - The opinions and actions of physicians during a malpractice insurance crisis. PMID- 831371 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma clusters in a Virginia community. PMID- 831372 TI - Congenital heart disease: three years of surgery. PMID- 831373 TI - HEALTH-LINE: answers by telephone to questions about cancer. PMID- 831374 TI - Blindness: a postoperative complication of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 831375 TI - Paediatrics today and tomorrow. PMID- 831376 TI - Aldosterone and sodium HOMEOSTASIS in preterm infants. AB - A specific mass spectrometric method was used for tetrahydroaldosterone determination in urine of preterm infants (26-34 weeks gestational age) up to 9 weeks of age. Hyponatraemia during the first 2 weeks of life was associated with an excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone (5-50 mug/24 h) comparable with full-term infants. Excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone was significantly elevated in all infants studied during the third week of life (80-350 mug/24 h) and this was associated with establishment of positive sodium balance. The excretion of tetrahydro aldosterone remained high for 2 or 3 weeks. The results are discussed in relation to the development of renal tubules and control mechanism for sodium homeostasis. PMID- 831377 TI - Plasma triglyceride increase after oral fat load in malabsorption during early childhood. AB - Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were determined before and after a test meal of 2 g neutral fat per kg b.w. in 32 children with different malabsorption syndromes, 8 children with transient growth retardation without demonstrable disease and in 29 controls. The increase of plasma TG 120 min after the test meal was found to discriminate between children with malabsorption syndromes and controls during the studied age period, 1 month-3 years. In this respect it was superior to faecal fat determination. Children with transient growth retardation who later spontaneously regained satisfactory growth, although along a lower SD score than the initial one, showed a TG increase after the test meal comparable to that of the controls. PMID- 831378 TI - Neonatal acidosis associated with transient methylmalonicaciduria and vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Investigation of a neonate presenting with a metabolic acidosis, vomiting and an apnoeic attack revealed abnormal urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA) associated with a low serum vitamin B12. Restriction of dietary protein was followed by normalisation of acid-base balance. Reintroduction of normal daily protein intake did not precipitate flrther acidosis or increased excretion of MMA. The transient methylmalonicaciduria was probably due to deficiency of vitamin B12. PMID- 831379 TI - Concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol in cord blood of newborn infants with a birth weight of less than or equal to 2700 grams. AB - Concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol were measured in umbilical venous blood from 99 infants with a birth weight of between 1100-2700 g and a gestational age of 27-41 weeks. Thirty infants were small for gestational age (SGA), 58 were appropriate (AGA) and 11 were of uncertain gestational age. In AGA infants with a gestational age of less than or equal to 35 weeks. FFA values were lower than in those with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks; otherwise concentrations of triglycerides, FFA and glycerol were independent of birth weight and gestational age in AGA infants. In SGA infants, higher FFA values were found compared with both AGA and term infants of normal birth weight. Triglyceride values were higher in SGA than in AGA infants. In SGA infants, a significant positive correlation was found between gestational age and concentrations of both FFA and triglycerides. No differences in FFA, glycerol and triglyceride concentrations were seen between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated AGA infants. PMID- 831380 TI - Endocrinological investigation of pituitary conadal axis in thalassemia major. AB - A study of the pituitary gonadal axis was undertaken in 18 male patinets with thalassemia major and 41 normal males, in order to define the cause of the sexual infantilism frequently seen in children affected by this illness. The plasma testosterone level was measured before as well as after stimulatioing prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal age. Significant findings were an insufficient secretion of gonadotropins as well as low testosterone level in patients of pubertal and post-pubertal age. A normal response of testes to HCG stimulation was also observed. PMID- 831381 TI - Low concentration of plasma amino acids in newborn babies of diabetic mothers. AB - Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in maternal peripheral vein and in umbilical vein and artery at birth (caesarean section) in 6 diabetic and 5 non diabetic pregnancies. The mean birth weight in the control group amounted to 3.9 kg as oversize of the foetus in three cases contributed to the indication for caesarean section. The infants in the diabetic group consisted of "small for gestational age" babies (mean weight 2.8 kg). Free amino acid levels in the normal group and in diabetic maternal blood were in agreement with previous investigations. No difference in amino acid concentrations in the maternal plasma was found, but the concentrations of the umbilical vein plasma were significantly lower in the diabetic group. Foetal hyperinsulinaemia may be a cause of the low amino acid concentrations. Besides, abnormalities of the placenta and maternal vascular complications increase and the mean birth weights decrease significantly through the White classes. Conditions of impairment of placental transfer of amino aicds may thus be present. Characteristics features of the foetus may be consistent with the hypothesis as follows: The foetus in diabetic pregnancy is in varying degree exposed to an oversupply of glucose, hyperinsulinaemia, imbalanced uptake and a slightly diminished supply of amino acids. PMID- 831383 TI - Chronic active hepatitis in children. A clinical and immunological long-term study. AB - Six girls and one boy with cronic active hepatitis (CAH) of unknown etiology were between 9 and 15 years at the clinical onset of their illness. After beginning immunosuppressive therapy the course of their disease was followed from one to ten years. All had markedly increased IgG, high titres of smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and antinuclear antibodies of IgG class in the earliest serum specimens tested. Therapy resulted in an improved sense of well-being and a decrease in SGOT, IgG and titres of SMA. Very high titres of measles antibodies were observed in all cases. In one of the cases CAH manifested itself after measles and in another after rubella infection. The first case in our series of patients died of liver failure after 5 years of illness. The other patients have survived and are able to live a normal life. The possibility of CAH should be considered when children develop symptoms of hepatitis. Longterm immunosuppressive treatment with regular clinical and laboratory evaluation is important. Estimation of titres of SMA is an additional parameter of value in following of the activity of CAH in these young patients. PMID- 831382 TI - Hereditary cholestasis combined with peripheral pulmonary stenosis and other anomalies. AB - A syndrome consisting of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with retention of bile acids but with normalization of bile pigment excretion ahd blood lipids, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies and a characteristic facies is described in six patients, including a father and his daughter. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested. PMID- 831384 TI - The effect of L-dopa with and without decarboxylase inhibitor on growth hormone secretion in children with short stature. AB - The efficiency of L-dopa alone and L-dopa plus a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) in provoking growth hormome (GH) secretion was studied 40 children with short stature. By preventing the extracerebral metabolism, carbidopa increases the availability of L-dopa to the brain. The study was designed as paired series of growth hormone stimulation tests in which the effect of L-dopa alone, in different dosage schedules, was compared with the same dose level of L dopa plus carbidopa, When L-dopa was given in full dose (125-500 mg), there was no significant difference in the serum GH concentrations at any time of sampling. In the lower dose level, the stimulant effect of L-dopa alone tended to be exceeded by the combination of L-dopa and carbidopa. The serum GH responses to the different schedules indicate that an optimal hypothalamic dopamine concentration for GH release could be achieved with a considerably lower dose of L-dopa than those employed in previously reported studies. When L-dopa is combined with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, the children have the advantage of less side effects in the form of nausea and vomiting. PMID- 831385 TI - Low molecular weight organic acids in the urine of the newborn. AB - The urinary excretion of seven selected low molecular weight organic acids in normal neonates was measured by gas chromatography. First and third to fourth day of life excretion of the following compounds was significantly unchanged: 3-OH butyric acid (less than 13 mumol/mmol creatinine), succinic acid (approx. 43 mumol/mmol creatinine), adipic acid (approx. 12 mumol/mmol creatinine), 2-OH glutaric acid (approx. 23 mumol/mmol creatinine), 3-OH-3-Me-glutaric acid (approx. 25 mumol/mmol creatinine) and citric acid (approx. 115 mumol/mmol creatinine). The excretion of 4-OH-phenyl-acetic acid increased during the first four days of life (from less than 8 mumol/mmol creatinine to approx. 20 mumol/mmol creatinine). It is postulated that urinary orgainc acid excretion in the neonate, which is clearly different from the adult urinary pattern, is a reflection of the specific neonatal metabolic situation, including a high fatty acid utilisation and a low protein catabolism. PMID- 831386 TI - Temproary intestinal lactase deficiency in light-treated jaundiced infants. AB - The intestinal lactase activity in six newborn jaundiced light-treated infants with diarrhea and in eight normal controls were compared by lactose tolerance test (LTT). The ability to hydrolyze lactose was minimal in the jaundiced infants during light-treatment compared to the controls which could absorb lactose very well. Peroral intestinal biopsies were taken from the newborn jaundiced infants during light-treatment. By histochemical technique no intestinal lactase activity was found in these intestines. When the jaundiced infants with diarrhea were given lactose-free diet, the stools normalized. The effect was reversed when breast milk was given while the baby was still jaundiced and light-treated. These findings indicate that the increased amounts of unconjugated bilirubin in the intestine of jaundiced infants during light-treatment inhibit the intestinal brush-border lactase. When the icterus fades the lactase is again active. The practical consequence is to give light-treated infants lactose-free diet if they get diarrhea, and to reintroduce breast milk or other lactose containing diet when the baby is no longer icteric. PMID- 831387 TI - Concentration of thyroglobulin, iodine contents of thyroglobulin and of iodoaminoacids in human neonates thyroid glands. AB - The iodine and protein concentrations, the iodoamino acids content of thyroglobulin (TG) were determined in 17 thyroid tissues from human neonates who died from 3 hours to 47 days after birth. Total iodine concentration of neonate tissues increased with life duration. TG concentration was related to the survival duration of the neonates. Increase of the iodine content was associated to the increase of the TG content: mean value was 0.16 mug 127I/100 mug TG in neonates who died within the first 20 hours after birth, 0.25 mug in neonates who survived 26 to 72 hours and 0.43 mug in neonates living more than 10 days. Expressed as iodine content to total iodine ratio, iodoamino acid percentages were not related to the tissue. When the iodoamino acids were expressed in residues per molecule of TG, iodtyrosines, thyroxine and triiodothyronine increased with duration of survival. These variations in iodine content and concentration of thyroglobulin could be related to acute hormonal changes in serum observed in early neonatal period. PMID- 831388 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in pregnancy. AB - Sickle cell trait is associated with an increased incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, low birth weight infants and premature rupture of membranes. Hemoglobin SS and hemoglobin SC in pregnancy result in significantly increased maternal morbidity and mortality and reproductive wastage. Heterozygous thalassemias in pregnancy carry increased risks but to a lesser degree than hemoglobins SS and SC. Partial exchange transfusion can provide effective prophylaxis for many of the maternal and fetal problems of sickle cell disease. PMID- 831389 TI - Current therapy of psoriasis. PMID- 831390 TI - Treating acute hypertensive crisis with sodium nitroprusside. AB - In patients with dangerously elevated diastolic blood pressures, the titrated intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside usually reduces blood pressure to near-normal levels in less than an hour. This rapid reduction of pressure is well tolerated by hypertensive patients and probably diminishes the morbidity from renal and cardiac failure and stroke. The side effects of sodium nitroprusside treatment are minimal. PMID- 831391 TI - Wrist sprain with subluxation of the scaphoid. PMID- 831392 TI - Rehabilitation of the stroke patient. PMID- 831393 TI - Laetrile: when is a drug not a drug? PMID- 831394 TI - Sarcoidosis: a multisystem disease. AB - Most commonly, sarcoid involves the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, liver, skin and eyes. The heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and brain may also be involved. The classic form of lymphadenopathy involves both hilar areas and the mediastinum, producing the "1, 2, 3 sign." Adenopathy generally precedes parenchymal pulmonary involvement, which may take several forms. PMID- 831395 TI - Radiotherapy for facial epithelial cancer. PMID- 831396 TI - Arteriosclerotic heart disease and surgical risk. PMID- 831397 TI - Heart disease and pregnancy. PMID- 831398 TI - Prelymphatic-lymphatic drainage of the brain. PMID- 831399 TI - Of home cardiac care. PMID- 831400 TI - Computerized tomography and intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 831401 TI - Warfarin binding in kwashiorkor. PMID- 831402 TI - Venesection. PMID- 831403 TI - High resistance of women to heart disease. PMID- 831404 TI - Noisy floppy mitral valve. PMID- 831406 TI - Acute rheumatic fever and viral carditis. PMID- 831405 TI - Interchangeability of left ventriculograms. PMID- 831407 TI - Systolic mitral flutter, an echocardiographic clue to the diagnosis of ruptured chordae tendineae. AB - A new finding of fine systolic fluttering of the mitral leaflet is described in two patients with ruptured chordae tendinease and severe mitral regurgitation. The flutter is caused by the action of high-velocity blood flow upon the leaflet margin that has lost its support. The jet stream of blood evokes a high-frequency vibratory motion of the tensed leaflet as opposed to the previously described, lower frequency, less specific, diastolic flutter. This finding was not seen in the echocardiograms of 75 patients with other forms of mitral regurgitation. Systolic flutter appears to be specific for ruptured chordae tendineae. PMID- 831408 TI - Sinus bradycardia with hiatus hernia. AB - Three cases of large mixed sliding and paraesophageal hiatus hernias are described. These were associated with episodes of sinus bradycardia. The bradycardia was abolished by atropine pointing to vagal mediation. After surgical repair of the hernia there was no recurrence of the arrhythmia. These cases have been considered worthy of report since sinus bradycardia has not been recorded specifically in association with hiatus hernias. PMID- 831409 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral regurgitation in congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Eighteen patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were studied by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Patients with coronary disease on angiography or primary valvular disease were excluded. Six patients showed mild or no mitral regurgitation; in 12 others the degree of mitral regurgitation was moderate or severe. The echocardiographic features in these patients were: (1) a dilated left ventricle (LV), (2) normal LV wall thickness, (3) reduced LV posterior wall motion, and (4) reduced or absent systolic thickening of the interventricular septum (IVS). IVS motion was reduced in 10 patients, and appeared "normal" or increased in another eight, all of whom showed moderate or severe mitral regurgitation on angiography. It is concluded that an apparent normal or increased motion of the IVS with reduced or absent systolic thickening in congestive cardiomyopathy is evidence for coexistence of significant mitral regurgitation. Reduced or absent systolic thickening can distinguish these patients from those with segmental myocardial disease and normal septa or dilated LV's due to volume overload. PMID- 831411 TI - Experimental study of myocardial infarction through the use of body surface isopotential maps: ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. AB - This investigation was undertaken to diagnose the location and extent of myocardial infarction with the use of maps which give significant information about the ventricular activation process. Myocardial infarction was experimentally caused by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. All classes were classified into three groups (A,B, and C) according to the location and extent of infarction. The map of each group had its own characteristics, as follows. In Group A no pisitive potentials appeared on the left anterior chest surface all through ventricular depolarization. In Group B, like Group A, the negative area occupied the whole left anterior chest surface in the early stage. But in the later stages there appeared a positive area on the left anterior surface. As to Group C, there was no abnormality in its early stage, but in its middle stage, the negative area was found on the left anterior chest surface. Thus the sequential maps can be helpful in diagnosing the location and extent of myocardial infarction, and will be applied to clinical use much more. PMID- 831410 TI - Ventricular septal defect: selection of patients and timing for surgery. AB - Eighty-seven patients with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) operated on in the first 5 years of life, that had a mean interval of 10 months between diagnostic catheterization and surgery, were studied retrospectively. The size of the VSD was correlated with diagnostic catheterization data and comparative analysis of clinicl findings (ECG and CTR) was made between the time of diagnostic catheterization and just prior to surgery. The study showed that 42 per cent of patients with the ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to systolic systemic artery pressure (Pp/Ps) 0.5 to 0.8 had a marked reduction in size of VSD in a rather short interval of 10 months. In patients with Pp/Ps greater than or equal to 0.8, the incidence of decrease in VSD size was close to nil. The highest incidence of decrease in VSD size was seen in patients with high flow and low resistance. ECG and CTR were very useful diagnostic tools to follow the course of the VSD size. The patients with Pp/Ps 0.5 to 0.8 should be observed for an interval of 10 to 12 months, expecting spontaneous decrease in VSD size. If clinical parameters (ECG, CTR) fail to improve in that interval, then the patients should have surgery. The patients with Pp/Ps greater than or equal to 0.8 should be operated on without delay. PMID- 831412 TI - Effects of vagal stimulation, atropine, and propranolol on fibrillation threshold of normal and ischemic ventricles. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves and the administration of atropine on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were studied in open chest hearts of 15 dogs anesthetized by alpha-chloralose. These studies were made in both normal and ischemic ventricles, i.e., before and during acute coronary occlusion. The ventricles were paces at a constant rate to eliminate rate dependent changes and the minimal current required to induce ventricular fibrillation (or VFT) was determined by delivering a train of rapid rectanglular pulses (100 per second) to the venticle actoss the vulnerable period. In normal ventricles, VFT's were significantly increased by vagal stimulation (P less than 0.01) and decreased by atropine (P less than 0.05). Coronary occlusion markedly decreased VFT's (P less than 0.01), and vagal stimulation or atropine failed to alter VFT's significantly in these ischemic ventricles (P greater than 0.8). In additional 14 dogs, the effects of vagal stimulation and atropine were studied after the administration of propranolol. Propranolol alone increased VFT's significantly in boetreatment with propranolol, vagal stimulation and atropine failed to change VFT's significantly in both normal and ischemic ventricles (P greater than 0.8). These results indicate that the vagus nerves exert their effect on VFT by modifying the sympathetic nerve activity in normal ventricles, but such an effect is not significant enough to alter VFT in ischemic ventricles. PMID- 831413 TI - Coronary reperfusion: effects of vasodilators (papaverine and adenosine). AB - Reperfusion of a coronary artery is followed by a decline of the myocardial blood flow to both the ischemic (reperfused) and border regions, and the appearance of a transmural flow gradient favoring the epicardium. These findings were ascribed to vascular changes in the reperfused coronary bed. The behavior of the myocardial blood flow was investigated (1) after 4 hours of reperfusion following the intracoronary infusion of vasodilators (papaverine and adenosine) and (2) following the intravenous administration of papaverine during the total period of reperfusion. Intracoronary infusion of vasodilators increased flow (147 per cent) to all the layers of the reperfused myocardium but failed to alter the transmural distribution of flow. The flow response to these vasodilators in the normal vascular bed consisted of a marked increase in flow (385 per cent) and a normal, uniform distribution, suggesting that the development of anatomical vascular changes reduced the capacity of the reperfused vasculature to increase flow, and that these changes were more marked in the endocardial layer. The intravenous papaverine infusion during reperfusion normalized the total flow and its distribution in the zone bordering the reperfused myocardium but not to the ischemic, suggesting perhaps that papaverine may be useful in protecting potentially salvageable myocardium. PMID- 831414 TI - Attenuation of cardiac sympathetic drive in experimental myocardial ischemia in dogs. AB - Sympathetic discharges to the heart were recorded from the left inferior cardiac nerve of 16 dogs. Inferior cardiac nerve activity (ICNA) under normal conditions consisted of grouped discharges, synchronous with the cardiac cycle and modulated by respiration. After ligation of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, ICNA declined concomitant with a decline in heart rate and mean aortic pressure. After 30 minutes, when arterial pressure tended to recover toward control values (six dogs), ICNA remained low; in contrast, when arterial pressure dropped to shock levels (three dogs), ICNA increaed. When aortic pressure fell precipitously as a result of ventricular fibrillation, even during the first 30 minutes of ischemia (seven dogs), ICNA immediately increased greatly. The results of this study suggest that acute coronary occlusion produces a cardiocardiac depressor reflex with attenuation of sympathetic discharge to the heart. This reflex, under the experimental conditions studied, gives way to the baroreceptor reflex when aortic pressure drops to critically low levels. PMID- 831415 TI - Uncommon cardiovascular manifestations and high catecholamine levels die to "black widow" bite. PMID- 831417 TI - Instantaneous nonarrhythmic cardiac death in acute myocardial infarction. AB - From a group of 663 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 15 patients were identified with the syndrome of sudden loss of consciousness not preceded by symptoms of cardiac or respiratory failure or cardiac arrhythmias. The syndrome was accompanied by normal sinus rhythm, as assessed by electrocardiogram, but by neither a palpable pulse nor audible heart sounds. Seven of these patients had postmortem studies, and clinicopathologic correlations are presented. This syndrome has accounted for 68 percent of in-hospital monitored sudden deaths due to myocardial infarction. Four possible mechanisms are reviewed. These patients are presented to identify the problem of nonarrhythmic cardiac arrest in acute myocardial infarction and to stimulate new thoughts concerning etiology and management. PMID- 831416 TI - Effects of contrast medium on left ventricular pressure and volume with emphasis on coronary artery disease. AB - Forty-one patients had left ventricular angiography repeated 3 minutes after an initial study in order to evaluate the effect of angiographic contrast medium on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and volume (EDV). Seven patients had no evidence of heart disease (normal group) and 34 patients had coronary artery disease. Single-vessel diseae was present in 10, double-vessel disease in 10, and triple-vessel disease in 14 patients. Seven other patients with radiopague epicardial clips previously attached to the left ventricle underwent cinefluorographic studies to determine end-diastolic intraclip distance at various intervals after a left ventricular angiogram. In all the groups studied there was a significant increase (p less than 0.005) in both the left ventricular EPD and EDV in the second angiographic study as compared to the first. This increase in EDV (deltaV) was similar in all groups. However, the increase in EDP (deltaP) was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in patients with double- and triple-vessel disease as compared to the normal and single-vessel disease groups. Ejection fraction, per cent shortening of the heart axis, and contractile pattern in the normal subjects were not singnificantly different when the second angiographic study was compared to the first. In nine of 34 patients with coronary artery disease the second angiographic study demonstrated impairment in left ventricular contractile pattern not present in the first angiographic study. Cinefluorographic study demonstrated an increase in end-diastolic intraclip distance after the left ventricular angiogram. The change in intraclip distance corresponded directionally and temporally to the changes in left ventricular EDP. The present study revealed that the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic press-re associated with the injection of angiographic contrast medium can be explained by an increase in EDV and that such changes last for over 15 minutes and may be associated with alterations in the contractile pattern of the left ventricle. PMID- 831418 TI - Echocardiographic differentiation of a cystic and a solid tumor of the heart. AB - A hydatid cyst in the ventricular septum was diagnosed with echocardiography in a child with abdominal echinococcosis. The finding was confirmed with cardiac catheterization, cineangiography and surgical removal and pathologic examination of the cyst. The echocardiographic features of the fluid-filled hydatid cyst are contrasted with those of solid left ventricular tumor (rhabdomyoma) in a newborn. PMID- 831419 TI - Myocardial imaging in a patient with reproducible variant angina. AB - A unique case is presented of variant angina pectoris with reproducible chest pain and S-T segment elevation in the immediate postexercise period and with normal coronary arteries. Coronary arterial spasm was deomnstrated with arteriography after intravenous administration of ergonivine maleate. Thallium 201 imaging during the pain reproducibility demonstrated malperfusion in the region supplied by the artery with documented spasm. PMID- 831420 TI - Histologic changes in the normal aging aorta: implications for dissecting aortic aneurysm. AB - The histologic changes that occur in the media of the normal aorta at various ages were studied in 100 normal aortas. These changes encompassed (1) cystic medial necrosis, defined as pooling of mucoid material; (2) elastin fragmentation, characterized by disruption of elastin lamellae; (3) fibrosis, defined as an increase in collagen at the expense of smooth muscle cells; and (4) medionecrosis, defined as areas with apparent loss of nuclei. The changes showed a striking correlation with age and may represent the normal aging process for the aorta as determined histologically. The alterations showed a close relation in onset and location within the media, suggesting a phenomenon if injury and repair caused by hemodynamic events. These findings in the normal aging aorta reveal that none of the histologic changes observed can be regarded as the specific structural alteration responsible for the development of dissecting aneurysm. PMID- 831421 TI - Factors influencing enzymatic estimates of infarct size. PMID- 831422 TI - Right ventricular infarction with tricuspid insufficiency. I. Unproved case for tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 831423 TI - Right ventricular infarction with tricuspid insufficiency. II. Case report. PMID- 831424 TI - Pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysm of aorta. Comparative histopathologic study of significance of medial changes. AB - In previous investigation of the normal aging aorta, the claimed specificity of alterations in the media in the pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta was challenged. The concept was promoted that these changes are nonspecific and caused by general hemodynamic events within the aorta. In this investigation the aortic media was studied in patients with a dilated ascending aorta, whose hemodynamic profile is known to be altered. The results were compared with data obtained from the study of aortas with complete or incomplete dissection and aortas from patients with Marfan's syndrome, a condition known to predispose to dissection. Only quantitative differences were found between the normal "aging" aorta and the overtly abnormal aorta. The pathogenesis of dissected aneurysm, therefore, is considered to be initiated by processes if injury and repair within the aortic wall, consequent to hemodynamic forces. The histologic features of the media previously implicated as the specific underlying defect appear to represent the morphologic substrate of this traumatizing and reparative process. This process may gradually lead to dilatation of the aorta and, according to Laplace's law, a vicious cycle may ensue that may lead to further complications. Local circumstances determine whether a dilated aorta will rupture or whether an incomplete or complete dissection will occur. The fact that the aorta in patients with Marfan's syndrome shows basically the same structural alterations supports the concept proposed. The underlying connective tissue disorder in these patients will lead to complications at an earlier age. Dissecting aneurysm therefore is part of a spectrum of lesions that have as a common denominator the process of injury and repair. PMID- 831425 TI - Left ventricular function after cigarette smoking by chronic smokers: comparison of normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Twenty normal subjects and 25 patients with coronary artery disease underwent systolic time interval analysis before and after rapidly smoking two cigarettes. A slight increase in heart rate and arterial pressure was seen in both groups. In patients with coronary artery disease, preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio increased; in normal subjects it decreased. Left ventricular performance is diminished after cigarette smoking among subjects who have preexisting significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 831426 TI - Angiographic findings in asymptomatic aircrewmen with electrocardiographic abnormalities. AB - Cardiac catheterization was used to evaluate 298 asymptomatic, apparently healthy aircrewmen with electrocardiographic abnormalities. These men were identified from annual electrocardiograms and exercise tests used to screen for latent heart disease. Data from 27 additional symptomatic aircrewmen who underwent cardiac catheterization because of mild probable angina pectoris are also included. The men were grouped according to major reason for cardiac catheterization. The order of groups by increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease was as follows: abnormal treadmill test (labile lead only), supraventricular tachycardia, right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block, abnormal treadmill test, ventricular irritability, probable infarct and angina. Approximately 60 percent of the men were completely free of angiographic coronary artery disease. Risk factors and other possible causes for the electrocardiographic abnormalities are discussed. The electrocardiographic abnormalities studied have a poorer predictive value for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic apparently healthy men than in a hospital or clinic population. PMID- 831427 TI - Limited clinical diagnostic specificity of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial imaging in acute myocardial infarction. AB - To test the sensitivity and specificity of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial imaging in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial scintigrams were performed in 115 patients. Positive scintigrams were found in all 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction; uptake was localized in 29 patients with transmural infarction and diffuse in 2 patients with transmural infarction and in the remaining 17 patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction. Positive scintigrams were also found in 31 of 67 patients without clinical evidence of acute myocardial infarction. Diffusely positive scintigrams were found in 3 of 3 patients with unstable angina pectoris, 7 of 30 patients with stable angina pectoris, 4 of 13 patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery, 4 of 4 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and 1 patient studied 1 day after direct current cardioversion. Localized uptake of 99mTc pyrophosphate was found in 9 of 10 patients with left ventricular aneurysm and in 3 of 13 patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery. All four patients with atypical chest pain and two patients with pericarditis had normal scintigrams. Our data confirm the previously reported sensitivity of 99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging in detection of acute myocardial infarction but indicate that positive scintigrams are not specific for this entity. PMID- 831428 TI - Influence of coronary occlusion on pulmonary vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery on pulmonary hemodynamics and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance were measured in 17 open chest dogs anesthetized with chloralose. Coronary occlusion was associated with a slight but insignificant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure together with a significant elevation in mean left atrial pressure (P less than 0.01) and a significant reduction in mean pulmonary flow (P less than 0.01). Calculated pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly reduced during occlusion (P less than 0.01). The reduction in resistance was associated with elevated mean left atrial pressure and therefore reflected passive distension of pulmonary vessels secondary to suppressed left ventricular function. In contrast, coronary occlusion after vagotomy was not associated with a significant reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, and in six experiments the decrease in resistance was converted to an increase. It is concluded that, before vagotomy, pulmonary hemodynamics during coronary occlusion are primarily affected through passive vessel distension whereas, after vagotomy tonic suppression of sympathetic activity is interrupted, thereby allowing enhancement of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to the pulmonary vascular bed and producing an increase in calculated resistance. PMID- 831429 TI - Ventricular septal defect: results after repair in infancy. AB - During the 19 years from 1957 through 1975, there have been 106 patients under age 2 years who have undergone surgery for repair of a large ventricular septal defect at the University of Michigan Medical Center. The majority of the patients had either severe pulmonary hypertension or intractable congestive heart failure. Eighty-three infants survived operation; there has been one late death. The greatest mortality occurred in patients under age 6 months and in those with severe pulmonary hypertension. Surviving infants showed marked symptomatic improvement and change in growth patterns. Complications included the development of complete right bundle branch blodk or left anterior hemiblock in approximately 50 percent of patients and, in one instance, complete atrioventricular block. Forty-five patients have undergone cardiac catheterization 1 to 8 years postoperatively. Although 17 were found to have residual septal defects only 3 of these had a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 1.5:1 or more, and reoperation was accomplished without incident in these 3 patients and in 3 others with smaller shunts. With one exception, postoperative pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratios were normal or near normal, thus representing a significant contrast with findings in patients operated on after age 2 years. Whereas the complications of surgery appear no greater in the infant than in the older patient, many of the benefits can be realized only with operation at the earlier age. PMID- 831430 TI - Cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction: predictability and prognosis. AB - Eleven percent of 905 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit at Duke University Medical Center experienced cardiac arrest. Subgroups of patients at high and low risk for cardiac arrest were identified. Cardiac arrest was experienced by 17 percent of patients with signs of heart failure on admission but by only 3 percent of patients without diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction or heart failure by history or on admission. Only 59 percent of patients with cardiac arrest survived hospitalization compared with 88 percent of those without cardiac arrest. Long term survival for the 765 hospital survivors was significantly greater in the group without than in the group with arrest at each yearly interval from 1 through 5 years; the 2 year survival rate was 50 and 77 percent, respectively, in these two groups. Many of the deaths among the hospital survivors occurred in patients with signs of heart failure during hospitalization. Among 668 hospital survivors who had mild or no heart failure during hospitalization, cardiac arrest continued to be a significant predictor of mortality. The mode of death among hospital survivors did not differ in the groups with and without cardiac arrest; for example, the incidence rate of sudden death in the two groups was 44 and 37 per cent, respectively. In light of recent reports suggesting that the prophylactic use of antiarrhythmic agents can virtually eliminate virtually fibrillation during the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction, we contend that such use may substantially reduce both long-term and hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 831431 TI - Mechanisms of atrioventricular junctional tachycardia. Role of reentry and concealed accessory bypass tracts. AB - Electrophysiologic investigations with programmed stimulation of the human heart have clearly established the participation of the atrioventricular (A-V) junction in three different types of junctional reciprocating tachycardia: (1) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: (2) the vast proportion of "paroxysmal atrial tachycardia" without evidence of preexcitation during sinus rhythm with antegrade conduction; and (3) the permanent or almost permanent (chronic relapsing) form of supraventricular tachycardia with its characteristic rate-dependent initiating mechanism. The obvious presence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during sinus rhythm does not necessarily imply that the accessory pathway will be utilized during supraventricular tachycardia. Conversely, in the absence of preexcitation, the mechanism of A-V junctional reciprocating tachycardia has been traditionally attributed to pure intranodal dissociation, often without definite direct proof. Concealed accessory pathways (with unidirectional block) may be more frequent than realized and should be carefully searched for. Proof that supraventricular tachycardia utilizes an accessory pathway for retrograde conduction to the atrium often requires meticulous electrophysiologic studies- Conslucions based on the absence of various findings may be misleading. Emphasis must be placed on positive viagnostic features. One or more of the following observations may prove or disprove participation of a Kent bundle during supraventricular tachycardia: (1) induction of A-V block during tachycardia: (2) influence of electrically induced ventricular premature beats upon tachycardia; (3) patterns of retrograde atrial activation during tachycardia; or (4) influence of functional bundle branch block on the rate of the tachycardia. Analysis of events at the onset of rather than during the tachycardia is probably less important but may also provide suggestive clues about the mechanism of reentry. Observation of the following variables may be helpful: (1) behavior of antegrade conduction at the onset of tachycardia; (2) relation of atrial and ventricular activation at the onset of tachycardia; (3) presence of retrograde ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction; (4) prolongation of the H-V interval at the onset of tachycardia; and (5) atrial stimulation at various sites. Precise understanding of the pathophysiology of supraventricular tachycardia is important because specific therapy (pharmacologic, pacemaker or surgical) may ultimately depend on accurate knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. PMID- 831433 TI - Some psychosocial consequences of ileojejunal bypass surgery. PMID- 831432 TI - Psychosocial aspects of intestinal bypass surgery for massive obesity: current status. AB - The psychosocial aspects of intestinal bypass of intestinal bypass surgery for massive obesity are considered from the standpoint of their implications for therapeutic decisions. The author's experience with a prospective study of 29 bypass patients, reported in 1974, is summarized. Response to weight loss included improvement in activity levels, mood, self-esteem, interpersonal and vocational effectiveness, and a trend toward more normal eating behavior. Notable changes included decreased use of denial as a coping style, and loss of a self reinforcing sense of entrapment, resignation, and ineffectiveness associated with massive obesity. Psychiatric illness, when it occurred, did not appear to be the direct result of surgery or weight loss. The available literature in the field is reviewed and compared with these results. While there is much support for the impression of substantial psychosocial benefit following weight loss, most reports place greater emphasis on the psychosocial morbidity and psychiatric hazards associated with bypass surgery. Problems encountered in evaluating these reports are discussed, including the importance of the length of the follow-up interval, and the need to describe the interaction between psychosocial morbidity, the patient's psychosocial base-line, and the somatic status. A plea is made against premature utilization of psychosocial screening criteria while knowledge is still so limited, and tentative guidelines for clinical practice and research are proposed. PMID- 831434 TI - Intestinal bypass for obesity a summary and perspective. AB - Intestinal bypass for obesity can be justified only if the risks of excess weight are higher than those of the surgery. Indications for this surgery need to be carefully defined and the patient and family should clearly understand the potential risks and benefits. Weight loss results from a decrease in food intake, altered taste preferences, and malabsorption. The benefits of this treatment are permanent weight loss, improved psychosocial function, and a reduction in medical morbidity. The potential risks consist of mortality, a variety of postoperative complications, liver failure, renal stones, and the consequences of bacterial overgrowth in the defunctionalized bowel. This operation trades the consequences of a short bowel for obesity and should only be undertaken where a skilled team of surgeons, internists, and psychiatrists are available and able to provide the necessary preoperative and postoperative managements. PMID- 831435 TI - Studies of operated and nonoperated obese patients. An interim report on the Scandinavian Obesity Project. AB - For 2 years, 12 Danish hospitals have conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the hazards and benefits of jejunoileal bypass operations for severe obesity. At present (January, 1976), there are 92 operated and 46 unoperated patients. There has been no mortality in the operated group. One control patient has died. Weight loss is significantly better in the operated group, but not always satisfactory. The well-known postoperative complications have not been deterring in frequency or seriousness. On the whole, but not invariably, the operation has been followed by an improvement in psychosocial status. PMID- 831436 TI - Fecal fat, bile acid, and sterol excretion abd biliary lipid changes in jejunoileostomy patients. AB - Fecal fat, bile acid, and neutral sterol excretion and biliary bile acid, phospholipid, and cholesterol were studied in 36 patients 6 to 12 months after jejunoileostomy for obesity. No relationship was observed between the degree of steatorrhea and weight loss, although fecal fat rose sharply in all except 2 patients. Mean neutral sterol excretion in feces was unchanged after operation except in cholecystectomized patients. No relationship could be demonstrated between serum cholesterol decrease and fecal biel acid, which rose 3-fold, or between cholesterol and the sum of fecal fat and neutral sterol. Fecal excretion of cholic and deoxycholic acid together increased more than the total excretion of cxcretion patterns were demonstrable: moderate fecal fat (24 g or less on 65-g intake) was associated with a predominance of secondary bile acids in feces and in bile; high fecal fat (above 24 g/day) was associated with predominantly primary bile acids. A high incidence of gallstones or previous cholecystectomy (36%) was found preoperatively and of 25 patients with normal cholecystograms, four developed stones and five had nonvisualization of gallbladder 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Bile saturation ratio and lithogenic index were not consistently changed postoperatively. No clear cut increase in lithogenic potential or in bile acid (lithocholic acid) hepatotoxic potential after jejunoileostomy was demonstrable. PMID- 831437 TI - Intestinal adaptation after jejunoileal bypass in man. AB - Gastrointestinal anatomy and function has been studied prospectively in 12 patients undergoing jejunoileal bypass surgery in order to investigate the adaptive response of the intestinal mucosa. The total thickness of the jejunal mucosa did not change after surgery, but the crypts became relatively deeper, suggesting a more rapid turnover of gastrointestinal cells. The absorption of oxalate was depressed in the immediate postoperative period but had improved toward preoperative levels by 6 months. Vitamin B12 absorption also declined postoperatively, and increased thereafter in the patients with an end-to-end jejunoileostomy, but showed a much smaller recovery in the group with an end-to side anastomosis. The cholesterol concentration (lithogenicity) of the duodenal bile rose by 30% in the first 3 weeks after surgery, but had returned to preoperative levels by 6 months. The segmental absorption of glucose across the jejunum declined after surgery. Caloric intake also declined, whether measured as the quantity of food that patients elected to eat over a 24-hr period, or as the quantity of a liquid lunch which they consumed over a 20-min period. The level of basal gastric acid was increased postoperatively but the maximal output after histamine stimulation was not. The gastrin response to a standard liquid meal was also significantly increased after surgery. Enteroglucagon secretion showed an increase in 3 weeks and a further increase by 6 months after intestinal bypass surgery. The significance of these changes to intestinal adaptations is discussed. PMID- 831438 TI - Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - The most common hepatic consequence of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity is triglyceride accumulation (steatosis), which usually appears to be maximal during the period of acute weight loss. In certain patients, however, because of unknown factors such as the degree of steatosis, its duration, or an as yet undefined unusual patient susceptibility, probably of a metabolic nature, a chain of events is initiated which produces inflammation and fibrosis, culminating in cirrhosis. Certain analogies with alcohol-induced steatosis and its consequences are possible. Given differences between the two states for increased intracellular hepatocyte redox potential and possibly different predominant sources for fatty acid mobilization and production affecting increased intracellular triglyceride synthesis, the remainder of the pathway proposed for the development of cirrhosis from ethanolic liver disease may equally apply to the cirrhosis seen in postbypass patients. This complication, although rare (approximately 3%), has been the subject recently of more frequent reports, with death or near-death from hepatic failure. Suggested studies are indicated to support or refute the hypotheses put forward here. PMID- 831439 TI - Patterns of hepatic morphology in jejunoileal bypass patients. AB - The close similarity of the hepatic histological pattern in two conditions, I) jejunoileal bypass and 2) chronic alcoholism, is described, including the inconstancy of development of permanent hepatic changes in both conditions. It appears that serious hepatic disease develops in an incidence between 1 and 17% of patients who have received the operation. Hepatic disease presents itself as: 1) acute hepatic failure, 2) insidious development of cirrhosis, or 3) tenous hepatic functional state that reduces hepatic resistance to other insults. PMID- 831440 TI - Hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis after jejunoileal bypass. AB - Patients with ileal disease, ileal resection, and jejunoileal bypass are at increased risk of forming calcium oxalate renal calculi because of enhanced absorption of dietary oxalate. Intraluminal solubility of oxalate is an important determinant for hyperabsorption and may be regulated by intraluminal concentration of calcium and fatty acids. Malabsorbed bile salts and fatty acids may alter intestinal permeability, leading to increased passive diffusion of oxalate. Management includes a diet low in oxalate and fat content, dietary calcium of 750 mg/day, and cholestyramine. PMID- 831441 TI - Perspectives on incidence, etiology, and treatment of enteric hyperoxaluria. PMID- 831442 TI - Bypass enteropathy: an inflammatory process in the excluded segment with systemic complications. AB - Evidence is presented that many of the enteric and systemic manifestations after jejunoileal bypass can be related to an inflammatory process within the bypassed small bowel rather than to the surgically induced sequelae of a short bowel syndrome with malabsorption. Invasion of the excluded segment by fecal flora was associated with a histologically demonstrable inflammatory response of the mucosa. The disorder was of variable severity and duration and occurred in the majority of 28 bypass patients. Progression to a clinical syndrome resembling an acute abdomen occurred in about 15% of the patients. Small bowel ileus and, in some patients, obstruction of the colon were suggested by physical signs and x ray findings. Surgical exploration in such instances demonstrated an inflammaotry process of the excluded small bowel loops with severe distention of this segment and of the colon, but not organic obstruction. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was a sequal in two patients. Exudative protein loss was documented in the severe cases. Most of the systemic sequelae are comparable to those seen with inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as Crohn's disease. Fever, excessive weight and lean tissue loss, and the involvement of skin, blood vessels, joints and possibly, the liver suggest an immune response as a common factor in the pathogenesis. The clinical improvement with antibiotics such as metronidazole or with restitution of normal bowel continuity indicates that the bacterial flora in the excluded small bowel segment or its byproducts are causally related to the systemic complications. Hyperoxaluria may be primarily the sequela of steatorrhea and not of the inflammatory process. PMID- 831443 TI - Morbid obesity: problems associated with operative management. AB - A review of the problems associated with extensive jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity in a series of 175 carefully selected patients is presented. Five postoperative deaths occurred (3%). Nonfatal complications occurred in 21%, with wound infections (14 patients) being the most common. Good results marked by weight reduction to the range of ideal weight without significant electrolyte or metabolic aberrations was observed in 82% of the patients receiving the current dimensional modificatiom of end-to-end jejunoileal bypass (30 cm to 20cm). An additional 13% had fair results and only 5% had poor results. There were six deaths during follow-up: liver failure in four patients (secondary to alcohol abuse in two), myocardial infarction in one, and one from unknown causes. Bypass reversal was necessary for refractory liver failure in three patients (two from alcohol abuse), and for persistent diarrhea with secondary electrolyte depletion in two patients. One of these patients was complicated by severe emotional instability. This experience suggests that the majority of carefully selected patients will have a good response to jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 831444 TI - Revision operations after bowel bypass for obesity. PMID- 831446 TI - Pathology manpower. PMID- 831445 TI - Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in laboratory diagnostic sera. AB - Thirty-four commercial blood-grouping sera were tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs by radioimmunoassay technic. One sample (2.9% of the total) was positive for HBsAg, a marked reduction from previous reports; however, 11 sera (32.4%) were found to contain anti-HBs, a previously unreported finding. There is still some dispute as to the risk of infection from samples containing anti-HBs, which the authors hope will be resolved when tests for anti-HBc are readily available. In the meantime, the high antibody rate reflects a high rate of exposure to HBsAg of donors of commercial antisera, and laboratory personnel should be reminded of the possible risk of this less obvious source of infection. PMID- 831447 TI - Topographic determination of transfused cells in incompatible transfusion from paraffin-sectioned tissue slices. PMID- 831448 TI - In vitro thyroid function tests. PMID- 831449 TI - Distribution of laboratory data. PMID- 831450 TI - Spuriously low automated blood counts in mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. PMID- 831451 TI - Sarcomas of the stomach. AB - Sarcomas of the gastric wall, other than lymphomas, are a heterogeneous group of stromal malignant neoplasms composed of round and spindle cells. Many are malignant forms of epithelioid leiomyoma. Small cell size, high cellular density, a high rate of mitotic activity, and cellular pleomorphism are helpful clues in distinguishing malignant from benign gastric stromal tumors. Sarcomas of the stomach are aggressive, rapidly growing neoplasms. Among 44 examples metastasis occurred in three-fourths of the patients, usually within the first year after diagnosis. PMID- 831452 TI - Parathyroid hamartoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Parathyroid hamartomas are rare. Only four cases, two of which are associated with clinical hyperparathyroidism, have been reported in the literature. This is a report of two additional cases of functioning parathyroid hamartomas, one accompanied by proliferating fat and the other by a myxomatous, fibrillar stroma. PMID- 831453 TI - Lymphoid follicles in bone marrow aspirates. AB - Lymphoid follicles were observed in 260 of 1,450 consecutive bone marrow aspirates (17.9%). As expected, the incidence of lymphoid follicles was less than those reported from autopsies (26.1-62.3%), but was twice as great as those in previous reports based upon study of aspirations (3.3-9.1%). The number of lymphoid follicles is also related to age and sex of the patient: they are rare in childhood and common after the fourth decade of life, particularly in women. Lymphoid follicles are found in higher incidence in bone marrow aspirates with plasma-cytosis and/or lipid granulomas than in those without these reactive changes. This relationship has not been described previously and suggests that the frequent occurrence of lymphoid follicles in the older age group may be a minifestation of a response to chronic immunologic stimulation. PMID- 831454 TI - Granulocyte adherence in the elderly. AB - Granulocyte adherence was measured in blood samples from 57 subjects more than 60 years old and 50 subjects 11 to 59 years old. In contrast to mean hemoglobin levels, leukocyte counts, and neutrophil counts, which were lower in the samples from the older group, granulocyte adherence was greater for the older subjects (mean = 78.4%) than for the younger subjects (mean = 65.7%). Ingested aspirin, chlorothiazides, methyldopa, digitalis, antihistamines, and barbiturates had no effect on granulocyte adherence. Alcohol ingestion within 24 hours was associated with reduced granulocyte adherence in the older group. Granulocyte adherence was slightly greater for aged black than for aged white subjects, but the difference was not statistically significant. Granulocytes of women showed greater adherence than those of men, and this difference persisted after menopause into the ninth decade of life. PMID- 831455 TI - Normotest--thrombotest discrepancy in congenital coagulation disorders of the prothrombin complex and in coumarin-treated patients: a nonspecific phenomenon. AB - A Normotest (NT)-Thrombotest (TT) discrepancy is claimed to reflect the presence of coumarin-induced inhibitors or intravascular coagulation, or both. The results of this study indicate, however, that a significant NT-TT discrepancy is also present in all plasmas from patients who have congenital coagulation disorders of the prothrombin complex. None of these patients had received an anticoagulant or showed any sign of intravascular clotting; nevertheless the discrepancy observed was similar to that found in plasmas of coumarin-treated patients: average values were 0.437 and 0.450, respectively. As no inhibitor was present in the congenital coagulation disorders, except in hemophilia BM, the phenomenon does not appear to be specific for coumarin plasma. This indicates that the NT/TT discrepancy is a non-specific phenomenon that does not seem to provide any additional information about coumarin-treated patients compared with that obtainable by means of a simple prothrombin time test. PMID- 831456 TI - Computerized hematology: operation of a high-volume hematology laboratory. AB - Operation of automated hematology testing, on-line to a laboratory-dedicated computer, is described. The computer stores, retrieves and monitors the results of two Model S Sr. Coulter Counters, three Technicon platelet counters, one Electra 600-D, and six leukocyte differential consoles, which are interphased to the computer. All other hematology tests are batch-entered via the keyboard of cathode-ray tubes. The computer generates specimen labels, worksheets, and lists of incomplete tests, monitors all on-line instruments, and performs all the calculations used in the procedures of quality control. Results are available instantaneously on cathod-ray tubes strategically located in patient-related areas throughout the institution. These can be obtained as all of the results for a given day or as cumulative summaries or histogram-type plots of results for a given day. PMID- 831457 TI - Effect of lead on globin synthesis in vitro. AB - A defect in heme synthesis is well documented to occur in lead intoxication. Globin synthesis and the alpha/beta globin chain synthesis ratio have been shown to be disturbed in lead poisoning. To elucidate further the nature of the inhibitory effect of lead on hemoglobin synthesis, reticulocyte-rich peripheral blood samples have been incubated with lead at concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) M, equivalent to 20, 200, and 2,000 mug/dl (.96, 9.6 and 96.0 mumol/l), respectively. The incorporation of tritiated leucine into globin was determined. Globin chain synthesis decreased to 85, 49 and 15% of the control value with increasing lead concentrations. The effect of heme on inhibition of globin synthesis by lead was studied by incubating reticulocyte-enriched blood with lead 10(-5) M (200 mug/dl; 9.6 mumol/l) in the presence or absence of heme at a concentration of 10(-3) M. Lead alone depressed the incorporation of tritiated leucine to 45% of control, while globin synthesis with heme alone was 109% of control. Although in the presence of both heme and lead, the mean incorporation of leucine into globin was 69.2% of control, the increase was not significantly different from that obtained with lead alone. It is concluded that (1) lead has an inhibitory effect on globin synthesis at a concentration considered to be within the acceptable range encountered in environmental lead pollution, and the extent of inhibition is dose-dependent; (2) the effect of lead on globin synthesis is not significantly prevented by heme and, therefore, does not appear to be mediated through the well-documented inhibitory effect of lead on heme synthesis. PMID- 831458 TI - Measurement of lactate extraction ratio by centrifugal analyzer to assess myocardial ischemia. AB - The measurement of blood lactate to determine myocardial lactate extraction ratio requires a high degree of within-run precision, since small changes between arterial and coronary sinus lactate may occur. These changes in man may take place at lactate levels in the normal range, 5-18 mg/dl (0.56-2.00 mmol/l). The authors have developed a method for blood lactate determination utilizing commercially available reagents in a centrifugal analyzer (Centrifichem). Within run precision in the low normal range, 5.4 mg/dl (0.60 mmol/l), showed a coefficient of variation of 7%. Precision extends to 50 mg/dl (5.55 mmol/l), and agreement with blood lactate values obtained with the Dupont ACA is good. PMID- 831459 TI - Relationship of day-to-day variation of serum iron concentrations to iron-binding capacity in healthy young women. AB - Biologic intra-individual variations in concentrations of serum iron and serum iron-binding capacity were determined for nine healthy young women in a double experiment. In each of two series approximately one month in duration, venipunctures were performed three times per week. All serum specimens were assayed for iron concentration and iron-binding capacity. The average intra subject day-to-day biologic variations for the group in terms of coefficient of variation (CV) were 29.3% for serum iron and 8.8% for iron-binding capacity. No significant difference in variances was found for any subject in serum iron concentrations from series I to series II. Only one subject had a significant positive correlation between iron concentrations and iron-binding capacity values. Percentage iron saturation was computed for each iron and iron-binding capacity combination, and the average intra-subject CV was of the same order of magnitude as the CV for serum iron. The clinical significance of an isolated serum iron result in view of the dramatic intra-subject day-to-day variability is discussed. PMID- 831460 TI - Quality control in clinical chemistry: the two-sample plot and improvement of laboratory performance. AB - A two-sample plot is often used to display test results in clinical chemistry external quality control programs. The use of control materials at different concentrations calls for a re-evaluation of the two-sample plot. A modification of the two-sample plot is presented. The axes of the graph are graduated in units of measurement rather than standard deviation intervals. The mean of all laboratories or a reference laboratory's value is entered as the target value. For each laboratory, repeated results for the same or similar control materials are recorded. Visual inspection of the graph gives immediate information as to the extent of intra-laboratory variability, the incidence of systematic errors in the laboratory, and the size and type of systematic errors (proportional or constant) with respect to the target value. PMID- 831461 TI - A further note on the interpretation of ridit analysis. PMID- 831462 TI - Cancer incidence following infectious mononucleosis. AB - By means of a mailed questionnaire, the investigators examined the incidence of cancer among 2282 former college students in whom heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis (IM) was diagnosed between 1949 and 1969 at five U.S. universities. Cancer incidence among these IM cases was compared both with national incidence rates and with an age and sex-matched group of 2779 non-IM students. No significant increase in cancer incidence was found. Three cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) had occurred in the IM group (1.3 cases expected) and one case in the control group. All three post-IM cases of HD were in males. Intervals between diagnoses of IM and HD were three, four, and seven years, respectively. Only two other cases of lymphoma or leukemia were observed, and both were in the control group. PMID- 831463 TI - Diarrhea of travelers to Mexico. Relative susceptibility of United States and Latin American students attending a Mexican University. AB - A clinic was established at Universidad de las Americas, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico for the study of acute diarrhea rates in newly-arrived students and full-time students. Diarrhea occurred in 22 of 55 newlly-arrived U.S. summer students (40%), compared to 28 of 142 U.S. full-time students (20%), 4 of 29 Venezuelan summer and full-time students (14%) and 7 of 66 Mexican full-time students (11%) (the differences were significant, p less than 0.005). Recurrent episodes of diarrhea during the month of study occurred in 15% of U.S. summer students, 4% of U.S. full-time students, and were non-existent in students from Latin America. As well as the 61 students with diarrhea enrolled in the incidence study, all students who developed diarrhea at the univeristy were encouraged to visit the clinic. This gave a total population of 130 cases of diarrhea. The illness that developed in students form the U.S. varied widely, but it typically consisted of seven to 13 unformed stools during the first 48 hours of illness, with illness persiting three to five days. Illness tended to be more severe in the U.S. students. Fifty per cent of the U.S. students with diarrhea had "severe" illness (greater than or equal to 10 unformed stools in first 48 hours) compared to 23% of the Latin Americans. This study indicates that the agents responsible for diarrhea in Latin America are widespread and that resistance to infection develops after prolonged or repeated exposure. PMID- 831464 TI - Dynamic changes in the epidemiology of canicola fever in Israel. Natural adaptation of an established serotype to a new reservoir host. AB - Investigation of human leptospirosis caused by the serotype canicola revealed a significant shift in the chain of infection of this disease. The adaptation of an old and well-established serotype to a new and abundant host, the Norway rat, provides a new means for spreading and transferring canicola fever to man and farm animals. The changes in the epidemiology of leptospirosis described should serve as a warning to epidemiologists responsible for suggesting proper prophylactic measures. PMID- 831465 TI - Field trial of live attenuated influenza A/B ("Alice"/R-75) vaccine. AB - The reactogenicity, immunogenicity and protection effecacy of a serum inhibitor resistant live attenuated influenza A/B ("Alice"/R-75) vaccine was determined in a group of health young volunteers. The influenza A component was derived from A/England/42/72 (H3N2) strain, and the B component from B/Hong Kong/5/72 strain. Sixty-eight subjects had hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of less than or equal to 1:8 ("low A" group) and 75 had similarly low antibody titers to B HA antigen ("low B" group). Two inocula given 14 days apart consisted of vaccine in two doses (VV); one dose of vaccine followed by placebo (VP); or two doses of placebo (PP). The reactogenicity of the vaccine was low, with approximately 25% of subjects in both the immunized and placebo categories having symptoms mainly of respiratory nature. The A component of the vaccine was immunogenic with 90.9% of the subjects in the low A group VV category showing seroconversion. By contrast, only 20% of VV subjects in the low B group seroconverted to B antigen. The vaccine afforded significant protection againndergone a slight antigenic drift. There was no difference in protection afforded either by one or two doses of the vaccine. Thus the overall protection efficacy following at least one dose of the vaccine was 80.0% (p = .01), and in the low A group subjects it was 85.5% (p = .01). PMID- 831466 TI - Characteristics of smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers among 10,000 adult males inIsrael. II. Physiologic, biochemical and genetic characteristics. AB - Physiologic, biochemical and genetic characteristcs of current smokers, non smokers and ex-smokers were compared among a study population of almost 10,000 working men aged 40-65 years in Israel. Many significant differences were found, although most differences were small. Current and ex-smokers were slightly taller than non-smokers, and height was correlated to amount smoked. Current smokers had lower weights (absolute and adjusted)8 skunfolds, systolic and distolic blood pressures, and uric acid levels, but had higher pulse rates and higher concentrations of total and beta-cholesterol, hemoglobuin and hematocrit. They showes, however, lower alpha-cholesterol (absolute and relative) concentrations. All the above differences were dose-response-related but discriminant analysis incorporating socio-demographic and behavioral correlates revealed only a moderate degree of combined discrimination. The conclusion is that, while cigarette smokers differ from non-smokers in many ways, the overall difference is umimpressive. This explains why, in prospective analysis, increased mortality and morbidity among smokers could not be attributed to confounding variables. Ex smokers resembled current smokers in height and cholesterol but were closer to non-smokers levels of weight, skinfolds, blood pressure, uric acid and alpha cholesterol. Ex-smokers also had inermediate levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Cigar and pipe smokers differed from non-smokers only in their elevated levels of cholesterol and uric acid. There was no variation by smoking habits among blood groups of seven types. It is concluded that an overall similarity exists between different smoking groups mainly in terms of coronary risk factors, and that therefore, constitutional differences do no account for the increased mortality and morbidity among smokers. PMID- 831468 TI - Pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 831467 TI - A longitudianl study of blood pressure in Polynesian children. PMID- 831469 TI - Failure to receive replies to personnel placement service listing. PMID- 831470 TI - Analysis of a promotional brochure. PMID- 831471 TI - Unit does repackaging. PMID- 831473 TI - Moisture permeation of typical unit does repackaging materials. AB - The moisture permeation of unit does repackaging materials used by various hospital and community pharmacies in a metropolitan area was studied. Commercial desiccant pellets were packaged in the same manner used for ordinary tablets and capsules. The samples were weighed and placed in a controlled chamber at about 75% relative humidity and 22 C, and tested for weight gain over a period of 4-10 days. Four types of packages were evaluated: (1) heat-sealed polyethylene bag, (2) polyvinyl chloride cups adhesive-sealed to multiple-ply paper, (3) heat sealed "polycel-polyfoil" strip packages and (4) polyvinyl chloride/foil multiple cup blister packs. A wide range of results was found. None of the containers tested was a good moisture barrier, although some offered protection for a limited time. Several needs were identified by this survey. Pharmacists need more information and an increased awareness concerning the permeation characteristics of repackaging materials, suitable operating procedures and the stability of pharmaceutical products. Standards must be established for repackaging materials as well as limits on storage periods for the repackaged pharmaceuticals. Procedures for pharmacists to test their own packaging systems, and a checklist of some important guidelines for repackaging in unit dose containers, are presented. PMID- 831472 TI - Double-blind study to investigate methods to prevent cephalothin-induced phlebitis. AB - Methods which might be useful in preventing cephalothin-induced phlebitis following intravenous administration of the buffered drug were investigated. One hundred and twenty adult orthopedic patients were assigned randomly to either a control group or one of five treatment groups. The treatment regimens studied were: addition of hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 500 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 1 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; addition of heparin 1,000 units and hydrocortisone phosphate 10 mg to each liter of intravenous fluid; and filtration of intravenous solutions through a 0.22-mum inline filter. All patients in the study received intravenous buffered cephalothin at a dosage of 1 g every six hours for a minimum of 48 hours. Phlebitis was assessed every 12 hours according to predetermined criteria. Significant differences were found in the incidence of phlebitis at 48 hours between the control group and the last three study groups (see above). It is concluded that postinfusion phlebitis following cephalothin administration can be reduced by the concomitant addition of heparin and hydrocortisone to the intravenous solution or by the use of an inline 0.22-mum final filter. PMID- 831474 TI - Analysis of a hospital-based drug information center. AB - The operation of a drug information center (DIC) was studied after it was relocated from a school of pharmacy to a teaching hospital. The output during the last eight months in the school of pharmacy (Period 1) was compared to the output during a three-month period after the DIC became established in the hospital (Period 2). Questions were classified by type and profession or requester. In addition, the number of judgmental questions processed was determined. The average number of questions per month in Period 1 was 58.1, while during Period 2 it was 146.3. There was a statistically significant increase in Period 2 in questions from each profession, with the exception of clinical pharmacists. In Period 2, 30.8% of the questions were asked by physicians, 27.6% by pharmacists, 24.1% by clinical pharmacists, 12.3% by nurses and 5.2% by other professionals. The largest number of questions was in the pharmacological category, with toxicities or side effects as the largest class. The majority of questions asked by nurses were pharmaceutical. Of the 439 questions received during Period 2, 28.0% were judgmental. Pharmaceutical questions were found to require the least amount of time to answer, while therapeutic questions required the greatest amount of time. Judgmental questions required more time than nonjudgmental questions. It was concluded that increased visibility and accessibility of the DIC after its relocation resulted in an increased work load. PMID- 831475 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of acetohexamide-induced hypoglycemia. AB - Severe hypoglycemia in a 67-year-old black male as a result of the ingestion of acetohexamide is described. Because of both his renal status as well as the severity of the hypoglycemia, the patient received peritoneal dialysis. Sequential specimens of serum, urine and dialysate were collected to measure the levels of acetohexamide and its main active metabolite, hydroxyhexamide. The data indicate that these compounds are not dialyzable. In patients with reduced renal function, peritoneal dialysis may be one way to administer large amounts of glucose with very little administration of fluid in the treatment of acetohexamide-induced hypoglycemia. For those azotemic patients whose hypoglycemia is difficult to manage, intensive dialysis might be a means to correct the abnormality of glucose metabolism imposed by uremia. PMID- 831477 TI - Simple automated drug distribution system. AB - A simple automated drug distribution system is described. To reduce errors generated by a traditional system, a system was implemented which required (1) writing three computer programs, (2) installing a cathode ray tube terminal and a split-pattern character printer in the pharmacy, and (3) designing a new piggyback medication label. Under the new system reorders per order were reduced by 24% (indicating that the number of unnecessary orders had been minimized) and credits per order or reorder increased 7%. PMID- 831476 TI - Use of a programmable hand-held calculator for clinical pharmacokinetics. AB - The use of a programmable hand-held calculator for clinical pharmacokinetics is discussed. Programs for the following determinations are described: bioavailability--area under the curve; estimation of creatinine clearance; multiple dosing--one compartment, extravascular administration; and pharmacokinetics--two-compartment parameters. PMID- 831478 TI - Antisubstitution law changes and the hospital formulary system. AB - The effects of amendments to state antisubstitution laws on the hospital formulary system are discussed. The approaches of four states--California, Michigan, Minnesota and Delaware--are reviewed. It is concluded that the legal basis of the hospital formulary system remains intact regardless of the changes in state antisubstitution laws. PMID- 831479 TI - A clinical evaluation of the "roll-over test" for pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - A study of the capability of the roll-over test to predict pregnancy-induced hypertension was undertaken using our private patients. Sixty primigravid and 60 multigravid patients were studied between the twenty-eighth and thirty-second week of gestations. These patients were chosen at random by one of our two nurses who conducted all these studies. All results were recorded but were not available to the physicians. Eighteen months later, after all study patients had delivered, the hospital charts and the patients' office records were evaluated to determine if preganancy-induced hypertension had occurred. In primigravid patients a positive test accurately predicted the later development of pregnancy-induced hypertension only 50 per cent of the time while a negative test accurately predicted that it would not develop 93 per cent of the time. In multigravid patients, only 25 per cent of the patients who had positive tests later developed hypertension. The negative test in multigravid patients was accurate 94 per cent of the time. PMID- 831480 TI - Hormonal studies in pregnancy. II. Unconjugated estriol in maternal peripheral vein, cord vein, and cord artery serum at delivery in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The levels of unconjugated estriol in maternal vein serum during labor, cord artery serum, and cord vein serum were measured in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. The mean level of unconjugated estriol in maternal vein serum was significantly lower in the intrauterine growth-retarded group than in the normals (p less than 0.001). The mean estriol level in cord vein was lower only in the most severely growth retarded subgroup as compared to the normal. There was no difference seen in the cord artery values among the groups. PMID- 831481 TI - Amniotic fluid glucose in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. AB - Amniotic fluid glucose (AF glu) was studied in 92 pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes. An inverse relation between AF glu and gestational age was found: [AF glu (mg. per diciliter) = 160.9 -- 3.51 (weeks gestation); r = -0.47]. A direct relation between AF glu and severity of maternal diabetes was observed: mean AF glu (mg. per deciliter) = 24.6 +/- S.D. 12.3 in Class A, 41.2 +/- 25.5 in Class AD and 57.5 +/- 36.5 in Classes B-D. A positive correlation of AF glu with osmolality was observed [AF Osm (mOsm. per kilogram) = 250.7 + 0.22 AF glu; r = +0.50], but this relation was remarkable inconsistent in individual patients. Neither individual nor serial AF glu levels were of any prognostic value in predicting fetal condition or perinatal outcome. PMID- 831482 TI - Uterine activity during lumbar epidural analgesia with bupivacaine. AB - Uterine performance (i.e., uterine activity expressed in Montevideo units and in pressure area, number, and amplitude of contractions) was monitored by intra amniotic tocomanometry in 16 patients with lumbar epidural analgesia. Technically adequate recordings were obtained in 34 top-up doses of which 24 were given in oxytocin-induced or stimulated labor and 10 in spontaneous labor. Thirty-two doses of 10 ml. of 0.25 per cent and two doses of 6 ml. of 0.5 per cent plain bupivacaine were administered. Aortocaval compression was avoided by placing the patients in the lateral (31 doses) or the semirecumbent position (three doses). Statistical analysis by means of Student's test failed to show a difference in uterine performance before and after the top-up dose. It is suggested that aortocaval compression is an essential factor contributing to or responsible for the temporary depression of uterine activity that has been observed by other authors after epidural injections of local anesthetic agents. PMID- 831483 TI - Estimation of fetal weight by fetography. AB - The present studies were designed to estimate fetal weight on the basis of the thesis that the factors which determine body weight include the fetal bone and the amount of fetal soft tissue, i.e., fetal corpulence. Scalp thickness on the fetogram in the vertex presentation was measured, and the ratio of the minimal femur diameter to the thickness of soft tissue on the extensor side in the same region was calculated as an index of fetal corpulence. The scalp thickness and the ratio obtained proved to be highly correlated with fetal weight. PMID- 831484 TI - Intravascular volume determinations and fetal outcome in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. AB - With the Evans blue technique, 178 plasma volume, blood volume, and red cell volume determinations were studied in 51 hypertensive and 35 normotensive gravidas. Hypertensive pregnancies were classified according to the American Committee on Maternal Welfare schema. A large range and overlap in plasma and blood volume determinations was found, but mean values in patients with hypertensive disease were significantly depressed when compared with normotensive gravidas. A decrease in red cell mass was observed only in the severe hypertensive group of women. In general, those hypertensive patients with plasma and blood volume determinations approaching those of the normotensive control patients were associated with a favorable maternal and fetal outcome. Extreme hypovolemia occurred in most pregnancies associated with severe hypertensive disease and evidence of uteroplacental insufficiency. PMID- 831485 TI - Alteration of ovine fetal respiratory-like activity by diazepam, caffeine, and doxapram. AB - The effects of diazepam, caffeine citrate, and doxapram on fetal respiratory-like activity (RLA) were studied in 10 chronic sheep preparations (90 to 130 days' gestation). We define fetal RLA as regular changes in fetal tracheal pressure occurring with a frequency of at least 1 Hz and an amplitude greater than -5 mm. Hg in the absence of fluctuations in amniotic cavity pressure. In all maternal (8) and fetal (7) intravenous infusions of diazepam (5 to 10 mg.), RLA ceased almost instantaneously. The duration of fetal apnea varied from 29 to 70 minutes with a mean of 57 minutes, and on occasion, a gasping pattern preceded recovery of RLA. Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of diazepam indicated rapid bidirectional placental transfer. Intravenous infusion of doxapram (3 mg.) to the fetus immediately initiated a transient episode of RLA in 19 of 20 trials. Fetal infusion of caffeine citrate (10 to 20 mg.), especially via the carotid artery, was also associated with the rapid onset of a transient episode of fetal breathing. Saline control infusions were without effect. Fetal blood gases and pH were not altered by the administration of diazepam, caffeine citrate, or doxapram. It is suggested that each drug owes its action on RLA to an effect on fetal central nervous system. The influence of pharmacologic agents on the process and interpretation of fetal monitoring requires continued attention. PMID- 831486 TI - Plasma estrogen, progestin, and luteinizing hormone during the normal menstrual cycle in the baboon: role of luteinizing hormone. AB - Plasma levels of estrogen, progestin, and LH were determined in 10 female baboons throughout the menstrual cycle and in five baboons during the midcycle. The peak in plasma estrogen occurred either on the day prior to the plasma LH peak in three of the 10 cycles, on the day of LH peak in six cycles, or on the day after LH peak in one cycle studied. During the luteal phase, no plasma peak of estrogen was observed. The plasma level of progestin was low in the follicular phase; it rose significantly on the day of or the day after the plasma peak of estrogen. It developed a small peak and then, after an abrupt drop, reached a plateau 5 to 6 dvels at midcycle was usually observed on the day following the LH peak. Three significant rises in plasma level of LH were observed: at the onset of menstruation, just before, and after ovulation. This observation suggests that LH may play an important part in initiating follicular maturation, ovulation, and luteinization during the normal menstrual cycle in the baboon. PMID- 831487 TI - Ovarian extraembryonal teratoma. I. Endodermal sinus tumor. AB - Forty-one cases of pure endodermal sinus ovarian tumors are reported. The extraembryonal nature of this tumor is supported with comparative studies utilizing early human implantations. The clinical picture is one of a virulent malignancy occurring in young women, and although the tumor is commonly unilateral and encapsulated at the time of initial diagnosis, the outcome is almost always fatal. Experience with different therapeutic modalities is limited, but there is significant evidence that vigorous combination chemotherapy will improve the therapeutic outcome. PMID- 831488 TI - Quantitative microflora of the vagina. AB - This study enumerated the predominant vaginal flora in 25 healthy patients: 18 prenatal (six with and 12 without gonorrhea) and seven nonpregnant without gonorrhea. All 25 patients had aerobes and 19 of the 25 had anerobes isolated in titers of greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU per milliliter). The most frequently isolated microorganism was the lactobacillus (aerobic and anaerobic species) followed by C. vaginale, viridans streptococci, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and Bifidobacterium sp. Bacteroides fragilis was not isolated. There were no significant differences in the frequency of isolation of any specific microorganism or bacterial counts between pregnant and nonpregnant women or between pregnant women with and without gonorrhea (p greater than 0.05), except pregnant patients had significantly higher total facultative counts associated with significantly lower anaerobic lactobacilli counts and higher C. vaginale counts (p less than 0.01) than in nonpregnant patients. PMID- 831490 TI - Decision regarding hysterectomy. PMID- 831489 TI - Single-application fertility-regulating device: description of a new instrument. AB - An instrument is described with which it is possible to deliver low-viscosity material consistently to the interstitial and isthmic portions of the Fallopian tube in a blind fashion on an outpatient basis. Considerable care with instrument design has been taken in order to reduce potential complications and to ensure precision. The efficiency of this system in delivering a variety of dyes has been demonstrated in hysterectomy specimens with the use of laparoscopic control. We believe this system is simple to use and may be found acceptable for application by relatively unskilled personnel. If it produces a high degree of tubal closure without significant complications or pregnancies, it should be an important addition to the techniques for limiting family size and population growth. PMID- 831491 TI - Transcervical tubal occlusion with a steerable hysteroscope: implantation of devices into extirpated human uteri. AB - A new steerable fiberoptic hysteroscope particularly useful in visualizing the tubal ostia has been evaluated in 61 extirpated uteri. The efficacy and safety of this hysteroscope were shown. The feasibility of deploying occlusive devices into the intramural portion of the tubes with the steerable hysteroscope was demonstrated. Whether these devices or modifications thereof will prove to be superior to other currently tested methods of occlusion, e.g., caustics, plastics, or cautery under in vivo conditions, remains to be established. The steerability of the hysteroscope has advantage irrespective of the method to achieve transcervical tubal occlusion as it allows coaxial alignment of the delivery. PMID- 831493 TI - The use of an impeded androgen--danazol--in the management of benign breast disorders. AB - Danazol, an impeded androgen with moderate antigonadotropin properties, was administered to 58 patients with a variety of benign breast disorders. The disturbances were present from 3 months to 20 years; the ages ranged from 21 to 50 years. The dose varied from 100 to 400 mg. per day for 74 to 310 days, depending upon the severity of the disorder. Most of the patients had favorable responses: 44 (75.8 per cent) experienced complete relief of subjective discomfort with disappearance of clinical signs; 17 (65.3 per cent) of the 26 patients followed from 11 to 32 months after discontinued therapy, remained symptom-free, while the others experienced moderate to complete recurrence. Fifty per cent of the women did not menstrate while on medication. Side effects were few and transient. PMID- 831492 TI - Gonadal karyotyping in women with and without ovarian activity. AB - Results of gonadal karyotyping on 26 patients with cyclic or acyclic ovarian activity and hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are presented. Gonadal culture growth, with the exception of tissue from polycystic ovaries, was usually successful. With one exception, leukocytic and gonadal karyotypes were concordant. Normal ovarian function did not appear to be limited to ovaries of the 46,XX karyotype. PMID- 831494 TI - Stage I cervix cancer and pelvic node metastasis: special reference to the implications of the new and the recently replaced FIGO classifications on Stage Ia. AB - The current staging system for cervix cancer of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) has been in use for less than 2 years. It is criticized by many because of a lack of quantitative features. While quantative features are important, the over-all morphology of the histologic pattern--the qualitative features--are those utilized by most pathologists in interpretating the "invasiveness" of a lesion and therefore its biologic potential. The most recent, as well as the previous FIGO Staging System was applied to 108 personal cases with particular reference to lymih node metastasis. By comparing results of the new and older staging system, the validity of the new system is suggested, and the inordinately high rate of node metastasis when using the older system appears to be at least one reason for the relatively high rate of node metastasis reported in earlier series of Stage Ia lesions reported in the literature. PMID- 831495 TI - Uterine blood flow and its distribution after chronic estrogen and progesterone administration. AB - The rates and distributions of uterine blood flow (UBF) were measured in conscious castrated ewes during estradiol, progesterone, and combined-hormone regimens. Supplemental progesterone decreased the magnitude of UBF observed on estradiol alone. Progesterone favored distribution of UBF to the uterine caruncles and estradiol favored distribution to the myometrium and uterine cervix. Proportionate endometrial blood flows were similar on all hormone regimens. These observations suggest that estradiol secretion may not be responsible for the definitive increase in UBF observed during ovine pregnancy. PMID- 831496 TI - Amniocentesis for prenatal detection of genetic defects. PMID- 831497 TI - Some social and medical correlates of pregnancy outcome. AB - The separate and joint influence of certain social and medical risks and of early prenatal care on pregnancy outcome was studied in a cohort of 129,739 single live births in upstate New York in 1973. The births were categorized by maternal age, the presence or absence of four putative risk factors, and the provision or nonprovision of early prenatal care. Low birth weight and infant death rates of these categories varied directly with the number of risk factors present. For women exposed to the same risks, however, these rates were significantly lower in those who received prenatal care in the first trimester. But early prenatal care was least common among women at highest risk. PMID- 831498 TI - Immunologic and biologic activity of oxytocin in midtrimester pregnancy. AB - Immunologic and biologic activity of oxytocin (OT) were studied by simultaneous monitoring of plasma OT measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and uterine contractility measured by recording of intrauterine pressures during the step-up rate of infusion of synthetic OT. The results in 11 patients with midtrimester pregnancy and step-up increase of OT infusion by 20 mU. showed a positive correlation of the increase of plasma OT and uterine contractility only at the plasma OT levels of 20 to 60 muU. per milliliter and only with hypertonic contractility but no correlation at plasma levels below and above this range. The lack of correlation of "dose and response" either prior to OT infusion or during low or very high rate of infusion suggests that other factors than merely the quantity of plasma OT are involved in determining the degree of uterine response. PMID- 831499 TI - Lumbar epidural analgesia for labor and delivery of twins. AB - In this study we examined the effects on mother and infants of epidural analgesia for labor and delivery of twins. Fourteen women with twins received lumbar epidural analgesia. Maternal radial artery and umbilical vessel blood-gas and acid-base measurements together with Apgar scores were determined. Resulting values were compared to those of women receiving epidural analgesia for labor and delivery of one infant. Apgar scores and blood-gas values for first twins were virtually the same as for singleton controls. Our small series confirms the problem of second-twin compromise, but this was minimal and was more pronounced in nonvertex presentations, as would be expected. We believe there is much to recommend lumber epidural analgesia for labor and delivery of twins, and that it is a safe form of analgesia in this situation. PMID- 831500 TI - Decidua: a possible source of amniotic fluid prolactin. AB - The source of amniotic fluid prolactin was investigated with the use of amnion, chorion, placenta, and decidual tissue taken from term human pregnancy. Decidua alone of these tissues contained significant quantities of prolactin. The release of decidual prolactin was affected by the presence or absence of oxygen and protein, and the amount of prolactin released far exceeded the decrease in tissue content during incubation. It is concluded that: (1) decidua may be a major source of amniotic fluid prolactin, (2) synthesis of prolactin occurs during incubation of decidua, and (3) sufficient prolactin is present in the decidua to account for that found in amniotic fluid at term. PMID- 831501 TI - Multiple congenital anomalies associated with oral anticoagulants. PMID- 831502 TI - Observation and treatment of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. AB - A total of 110 infants born to mothers who were either in a methadone maintenance program, using heroin, or recently detoxified, were studied during the neonatal period. Of these infants, 93.6 per cent developed withdrawal symptoms. No significant differences were determined in therapeutic response among those infants treated with methadone, phenobarbital, and diazepam. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of withdrawal symptoms among infants born to mothers whose methadone dose at time of delivery was less than 20 mg (17.9 per cent). It is suggested that reduction of methadone dosage in late pregnancy results in reduced incidence of withdrawal but must be carefully carried out. PMID- 831503 TI - Septicemia and abortion with the CU-7. PMID- 831504 TI - Validity of the weekly interval between oxytocin challenge tests. PMID- 831505 TI - Pentazocine withdrawal syndrome in the newborn infant. PMID- 831506 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic studies of a case of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 831507 TI - Fatal varicella in a pregnant woman and a baby. PMID- 831508 TI - Transillumination in operative gynecology. PMID- 831509 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy X: its implications for genetic counseling. PMID- 831510 TI - Adenocarcinoma of Bartholin's gland in a 14-year-old girl: report of a case. PMID- 831511 TI - Barrel-shaped cervical carcinoma. PMID- 831512 TI - The local Shwartzman reaction in the rabbit. Immunopathologic findings in the skin. AB - Four albino rabbits received two intradermal injections of endotoxin followed in 24 hours by an intravenous injection of endotoxin. All animals developed the local Shwartzman reaction, characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis over each intradermal injection site. Light microscopy of the Shwartzman lesion showed intense inflammation and vascular thrombosis. Frozen sections of the skin lesion revealed marked vascular deposition of fibrin with lesser amounts of IgG, IgM, C3, and albumin. Light microscopy was normal and immunofluorescence was negative in skin obtained prior to the initial injection of endotoxin and skin adjacent to the Shwartzman lesion. These findings suggest nonspecific trapping of serum proteins within vascular thrombi and indicate that immune mechanisms may not play a role in the pathogenesis of the local Shwartzman reaction. PMID- 831513 TI - Regeneration of endothelium in rat aorta after local freezing. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Immediately after freezing the abdominal aorta of rats by applying a cold probe, the endothelium is desquamated or necrotic and platelets adhere to desquamated areas (at the earliest observable time) but not to necrotic endothelium or endothelium adjacent to the injury. Preferential adhesion of platelets to fenestrations of the internal elastic laimina appears to lead to their active migration into the media, where a large number may be present up to 8 days after injury. Platelets seems to be removed from the surface by the action of the advancing edge of the regenerating endothelium, moving at a maximum mean rate of 590 mu daily. An increase in area of individual cells appears to relate better than an increase in their number to the advance of the edge of the regenerating sheet. PMID- 831514 TI - Further ultrastructural characterization of hairy cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. AB - Studies with transmission and scanning electron microscopes (TEM and SEM) were performed on specimens from patients suspected of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE), irrespective of the final diagnoses. The blood samples were fixed immediately in order to avoid in vitro changes of leukocytes. Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis cells demonstrated numerous long microvilli and pseudopods, whereas the immediately fixed lymphocytes demonstrated fewer, shorter microvilli and no pseudopods. These surface features distinguishing LRE cells from lymphocytes and monocytes were appreciated by both SEM and TEM. In addition, TEM revealed significant differences in the incidence of certain ultrastructural alterations. Whereas nuclear pockets were rare in lre cells, they were relatively frequent in lymphocytes of other hematologic disorders. The inclusions of ribosome-lamella complexes were not only more prevalent in patients with LRE but were seen in a higher percentage of leukemic cells from patients with LRE than in those from patients with other hematologic disorders. Electron microscopy can play a role in the laboratory diagnosis of LRE. PMID- 831515 TI - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency syndrome in CBA/J mice. Ultrastructural study. AB - The pathogenesis of a spontaneously occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) syndrome in CBA/J mice was studied at the ultrastructural level. Initial cytologic manifestations of this syndrome are seen as a progressive digestion of the zymogen granules, beginning at the periphery and proceeding toward the granule interior. Granule membrane breakdown, fusion of neighboring granules, and a release of zymogen contents into the cytoplasm are frequently observed in later stages; in some cases the entire granule contents appear digested before membrane breakdown is observed. In either case, pathologic changes are subsequently observed in mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Remnants of lysed cells are then engulfed by invading macrophages, and infiltration by fat cells is observed. Secretory ducts and islets of Langerhans show no pathologic changes even after total autolysis of the exocrine pancreas. Morphologic evidence showing zymogen granule destabilization, coupled with biochemical evidence presented in an accompanying paper, indicate that intracellular autodigestion is the mechanism of exocrine cell death. PMID- 831516 TI - Animal model of human disease: metastic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 831517 TI - Animal model of human disease: sporotrichosis. PMID- 831518 TI - When is a voluntary commitment really voluntary? AB - Cognitive disorganization limits a person's capacity to act voluntarily, because such action requires a significant degree of attention and comprehension. The compliance of a psychotic person who fails to understand his own actions may be construed by clinicans as voluntary behavior. This possible misuse of voluntary hospitalization is examined, and the employment of categories other than voluntary and involuntary is suggested. PMID- 831519 TI - Abortion: a dyadic perspective. AB - Based primarily on responses of men accompanying their sexual partners to an abortion clinic, this exploratory study examines the decision to seek abortion in terms of the relationship of the couple. Findings suggest that, for those who come to the clinic as a couple, the abortion decision indicates neither a pathological relationship nor the likelihood of negative sequelae. Clinical implications and directions for further research are discussed. PMID- 831520 TI - Therapeutic abortion, fertility plans, and psychological sequelae. AB - Women who had therapeutic abortions were asked if they planned to bear or adopt children. Those who planned to have children exhibited more neurotic symptoms following abortion than did those who planned not to have children. While the extent of disturbances was not abnormal, it is suggested that the ambivalence of women who have abortions while still planning for children in the future is of clinical importance. PMID- 831521 TI - Delivery or abortion in inner-city adolescents. AB - This study of an urban group of unwed black adolescent girls who chose to deliver or abort a pregnancy focuses on factors in that decision associated with personal, social, and familial characteristics. Deliverers were characterized by parents and boyfriends who provided greater support for their decision than did those of the aborters, and by lower educational and financial levels, suggesting that they may have had fewer alternatives than aborters for recognition and status outside of motherhood. PMID- 831522 TI - Communication patterns and problems of pregnancy. AB - Communication patterns of women who had never been pregnant were compared with those of women who had two or more unplanned pregnancies. Results of a questionnaire assessing communication skills, social orientation and involvement, self-disclosure, physical accessibility, and verbal defensiveness, completed by 56 women attending family planning clinics, suggest that communicative inadequacies may contribute to repeated contraceptive failure. PMID- 831523 TI - A two-year follow-up of hyperactive preschoolers. AB - Twenty hyperactive children and 21 controls, studied in a research nursery at age four, were followed up at six-and-a-half. Hyperactives were still reported to have more behavior problems. Those rated extremely active in the nursery requested more feedback and made more comments in interactions with their mothers, and also made more immature moral judgments; children rated only moderately active did not differ from controls on these measures. PMID- 831524 TI - Brief interventions with children in divorcing families. AB - This paper describes preventive clinical interventions developed for children of various ages in divorcing families. Formulations regarding assessment, limitations, and strategies in these brief interventions were developed in the course of a five-year clinical research project studying the impact of divorce on children. PMID- 831525 TI - Divorce counseling: a community service for families in the midst of divorce. AB - A conceptual framework for the development of child-centered, preventive clinical services for divorcing families is presented. The structure and components of an intervention service--including treatment strategies, successful interventions, failures, therapist role, transference and countertransference responses, and professional dilemmas--are discussed. PMID- 831527 TI - Trigenerational enmeshment: unresolved ties of single-parents to family of origin. AB - Some divorced single-parent mothers return home to live with their families of origin. The absence of clear delineation of the roles of grandmother, mother, and child can produce a dysfunctional family unit, identified here as trigenerational enmeshment. Clinical features of this subgroup are discussed, and examples of treatment approaches are presented. PMID- 831526 TI - Children of divorce in an outpatient psychiatric population. AB - In a review of the records of some 400 children referred for outpatient psychiatric evaluation, children of divorce appeared at nearly twice the rate of their occurrence in the general population. Age and sex of the child patient were found to relate substantially to parental status, and to be significantly associated with type of presenting symptom. It is suggested that earlier research into the relationship between symptomology and history of divorce may have been marred by failure to take into account age and sex factors. PMID- 831528 TI - Conflict, competition, and coexistence; the mental hospital as parallel health and welfare systems. AB - This paper views the public mental hospital as an ecological niche, occupied by patients and staff. Competition between these two interdependent groups for scarce public resources is seen as increasing the likelihood of conflict and interfering with the therapeutic goals of the institution. PMID- 831530 TI - Family therapy in the black community. AB - Black, upwardly mobile families face all the stresses experienced by other families dealing with developmental crises and economic changes, but are subject to the additional strain of discrimination. Support, often unavailable from the community, is received instead from the family and others involved in the kinship network. Treatment strategies designed for the unique situation of the black family are proposed. PMID- 831529 TI - The transsexual client: a discussion of transsexualism and issues in psychotherapy. AB - Transsexuals, as a client group, are increasingly coming to the attention of mental health professionals. This paper offers a general discussion of gender dysphoria and sex-reassignment, including an examination of their psychosocial aspects. The role of psychotherapy in relation to this client group is explored, and reactions of the therapist to the transsexual are considered. PMID- 831531 TI - The sexually misused child. AB - This paper, based on a study of pediatric emergency room records and on clinical experience, suggests that sexual misuse of children often goes unrecognized, and that this diagnosis must be considered in all children seen for genital injury, irritation, and infection. It is concluded that sexual misuse is most often a symptom of family dysfunction; preliminary guidelines for case management are offered. PMID- 831532 TI - First do no more harm: female rape victims and the male counselor. AB - As the crisis of women who have been raped is more frequently brought to the attention of mental health workers, male counselors are increasingly being confronted with responsibility for aiding female victims. This paper considers the difficulties inherent in men fulfilling this therapeutic task, and discusses male misconceptions and responses that may undermine the efforts of well-meaning counselors. PMID- 831533 TI - Group therapy for emotionally disturbed children: a key to affective education. AB - This paper outlines the practical aspects of the operation of a therapeutic program for children with severe emotional problems in public schools. It discusses the merits of the group therapy approach in relation to other modalities, and sets out ground rules for the operation of groups by teachers. PMID- 831534 TI - Some effects of the new feminism. PMID- 831535 TI - The treatment of acute schizophrenia without drugs: an investigation of some current assumptions. PMID- 831536 TI - The multiple family group as a small society: family regulation of interaction with nonmembers. AB - The authors observed the interaction of 18 families, each of which contained at least 1 adolescent, for a period of 55 weeks. They found that changes in either the parents' or the adolescents' group participation levels were quickly matched by comparable changes in the other generation, suggesting a continuously operating family control mechanism governing participation of members in interaction with nonmembers. PMID- 831537 TI - Patterns of association voting behavior: I. Demographic correlates of voting/nonvoting and preference for candidates/issues. AB - A total of 58% of the eligible members voted in the 1974 APA balloting involving 6 officers, 13 amendments to the By-Laws, and a membership-initiated referendum. Analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between member characteristics and voting/nonvoting behavior and that relatively few members followed specific voting patterns. The data support the view that most members voted carefully and relatively independently of organized influence. PMID- 831538 TI - Patient progress rounds on a university hospital cardiology service. AB - The authors describe patient progress rounds, a weekly meeting of representatives of all disciplines associated with a university hospital cardiology service. The objective is coordination of treatment for all patients in the interest of providing comprehensive care. Each patient's clinical status is reviewed, but primary attention is given to psychosocial aspects. These rounds provide a medium for identifying and dealing with patients' needs, a cooperative teaching and learning venture for staff, a multidisciplinary team approach that increases quality of care, and an opportunity for doctors to confront the reality of their patients as psychosocial beings. Case vignettes illustrate the use and effectiveness of patient progress rounds. PMID- 831539 TI - The education of the psychiatrist as a physician. AB - Reasoning that the psychiatrist should function as both a medical specialist and a general physician, the author considers the legal, competency, and tranference issues this approach brings up. He then describes what has been done to implement a medical approach for faculty and residents in a psychiatric training program. The program includes seminars on the psychiatrist as a physician, a comprehensive rotation in neurology, and the application of basic medical skills on inpatient units. PMID- 831540 TI - Challenging the medical student in a psychiatry clerkship. AB - Medical students sometimes view their rotation in psychiatry as a less-than optimal experience. The author focuses on the often-heard reference to the psychiatric clerkship as a vacation and the adverse consequences of this attitude on learning. He emphasizes that the medical student can be given a substantial quantity and quality of responsibility without making the clerkship either aggressively overwhelming or disadained as unchallenging. PMID- 831541 TI - Learning child psychiatry skills on the adult inpatient service. AB - Integration of child psychiatry training into general psychiatric residency programs is often unsuccessful. The authors describe an innovative model of training in child psychiatry that involves the children of adult inpatients. This model offers several advantages: splitting of child-adult psychiatric training is avoided, child diagnostic and evaluative skills tend to be learned rapidly, preventive orientations develop, and family process is both learned and used. Preliminary experience with this model on two inpatient services suggests that it is both didactically effective and economical in child psychiatry staff hours. PMID- 831542 TI - The emotionally disturbed psychiatric resident. AB - The authors compared data on 2,860 residents gathered by means of questionnaire responses by residency directors with data on 288 residents found in an earlier similar survey to have emotional difficulties. They found that age, marital status, previous psychiatric treatment, substance abuse, and previous nonpsychiatric medical practice differentiated the "problem" residents from the total residency population surveyed. However, sex, ethnicity, foreigh medical graduation, and transfer from other residency programs did not differentiate the two groups. PMID- 831543 TI - A study of low-dose amitriptyline overdoses. AB - Although a 1-week supply of tricyclic antidepressants is generally considered safe, the author shows that this amount can be severely toxic. Six of 12 instances of low-dose (500-1000 mg) amitriptyline overdoses were life threatening. The author suggests that prescription guidelines for tricyclic antidepressants be tightened and that physicians prescribe less than a 1-week supply to potentially suicidal patients. PMID- 831544 TI - Incest: children at risk. AB - The typical family constellation in this study of 14 cases of incest was that of a chronically depressed mother, an alcoholic and violent father or stepfather, and an eldest daughter who was forced to assume many of her mother's responsibilities, with ensuing role confusion. The authors stress the need for physicians to be alert to the possibility of incest in such high-risk families. PMID- 831545 TI - The effect of low-cost maintenance medication on the rehospitalization of schizophrenic outpatients. AB - In an effort to determine whether expense is a relevant factor when schizophrenic outpatients discontinue maintenance medication, the authors gave low-cost drugs to 44 subjects, while 46 control subjects paid the retail rate. The unexpected result was that the group receiving low-cost drugs had a significantly higher rate of rehospitalization. The authors suggest that monetary investment on the patient's part may be an important factor in successful drug maintenance. PMID- 831546 TI - Marijuana intoxication by passive inhalation: documentation by detection of urinary metabolites. AB - During the course of a study on the effects of chronic, heavy marijuana use, a placebo control subject reported dizziness and nausea, showed tachycardia and conjunctivitis, and was found to have urinary cannabinoid metabolites. Staff members observing the marijuana smokers also complained of similar subjective symptoms. The detection of cannabinoids in the urine of this nonsmoker documents the previously anecdotal concept of the "contact high" and has implications for marijuana research and for precautions that may be necessary should marijuana become legal. PMID- 831547 TI - Catatonia: prediction of response to somatic treatments. AB - The authors investigated predictors of somatic treatment response in 55 patients with one or more of eight catatonic motor features. Responders more often had good prognostic signs, rapid or pressured speech, and diagnosable affective disorder or alcoholism. Nonresponders were younger at age of onset of first illness and were more frequently disoriented; they included all patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. The authors suggest that treatment response in catatonia is a function of primary diagnosis and that the syndrome is diagnostically nonspecific but occurs most often in patients with affective disorders. PMID- 831548 TI - Criminality and mental illness: a study of arrest rates in a rural state. AB - The authors examined cumulative arrests for the period of 1964-1973 for psychiatric patients admitted to a state hospital in 1969 (286 men and 175 women) and for the general population in Wyoming. Male patients were arrested as often as or more often than individuals in the general population. No men diagnosed as schizophrenic were arrested for crimes against persons; one-fourth of arrests among individuals diagnosed as alcoholics were for such crimes. Arrest rates among women patients seemed to parallel those of women in the general population, although the sample was too small for definite conclusions. Male patients were arrested significantly less often following dischanrge than before hospitalization. PMID- 831549 TI - First-degree atrioventricular block during lithium carbonate treatment. PMID- 831551 TI - Elimination of the reverse Heisenberg (Ho) effect by closed-circuit television. PMID- 831550 TI - Tricyclic-induced myoclonus. PMID- 831552 TI - Family involvement on a psychiatric inpatient service. PMID- 831554 TI - Another way of thinking about dreams. PMID- 831553 TI - On unsealing the records in adoption. PMID- 831555 TI - More adult brain dysfunction. PMID- 831556 TI - A ray of hope. PMID- 831557 TI - The quiet desperation of public health conscience. PMID- 831558 TI - Interest-group representation and the HSAs: health planning and political theory. AB - Examination of the provisions of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, P.L. 93-641, concerning the composition of Health Systems Agencies, which are to be the primary building-blocks of local health planning, suggests that expectations of substantial change may be unrealistic. Specifically, in its provision for representation on the HSAs, Congress appears to have been accepting an implicit theory of pluralist interest-group representation that has long been prevalent in other sectors of public life in the United States, and long subject to significant criticism. Such forms of representation tend to lead to bargaining, log-rolling, and collusive competition among narrowly-defined special interests, with the interests of the broader general public less well-served. The application of this theory to health planning in P.L. 93-641 is examined, and predictions drawn about the implications of this analysis for health planning and health policy in the United States in general. PMID- 831559 TI - Legal abortions and trends in age-specific marriage rates. PMID- 831561 TI - Direct advertising to the public: free speech, risks, and benefits. PMID- 831560 TI - The institution-centered approach to rural primary health care: a preliminary report from New York State. PMID- 831562 TI - Comments on communication/compliance/concordance. PMID- 831563 TI - Report of the APHA Task Force on Chile. PMID- 831564 TI - Radial diffusion as a sensitive method for screening endopeptidase activity in plant extracts. PMID- 831565 TI - Amines in unicellular green algae. 2. Amines in Scenedesmus acutus. PMID- 831566 TI - Studies on the isotachophoresis of the subunits of alpha-crystallin using polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 831567 TI - Requirements for activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen in rabbit pancreatic juice. PMID- 831568 TI - Preparation and colorimetric analysis of L-canavanine. PMID- 831569 TI - N4-aminoalkyl-cytidine derivatives: ligands for ribonuclease affinity adsorbents. PMID- 831570 TI - Identification and quantitative analysis of alkyl isocyanates as their urea derivatives. PMID- 831571 TI - A sodium dodecyl sulfate micro-gel-electrophoresis technique suitable for routine laboratory analysis. PMID- 831572 TI - Low-pressure, microwave-induced plasma spectrometry method for the determination of subnanogram quantities of mercury. PMID- 831573 TI - A stable isotope gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for determining uric acid body pool size. PMID- 831574 TI - Chromatographic resolution of the subunits of calf brain tubulin. PMID- 831575 TI - [3H]Dansyl chloride: a useful reagent for the quantitation and molecular weight determination of nanogram amounts of protein. PMID- 831576 TI - Segmented flow analysis as applied to kinetic studies of peptide bond hydrolysis. PMID- 831577 TI - A filter assay for binding of labeled ligands to membrane-bound receptors. PMID- 831578 TI - Metrizamide interferes with the determination of protein by the Lowry method. PMID- 831579 TI - A novel rapid thin-layer chromatographic monitoring system for the radioiodination of protein and polypeptides. PMID- 831580 TI - A method for the direct detection of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in electrophoretic media. PMID- 831581 TI - Isotopic separations of tritium-substituted compounds from protium analogues by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 831582 TI - Preparative isotachophoresis on polyacrylamide gels: resolution as a function of time and wattage. PMID- 831583 TI - Determination of linamarin in biological tissues. PMID- 831584 TI - Determinations of protein in red cell membrane preparations by o-phthalaldehyde fluorescence. PMID- 831585 TI - The fractionation of bromelain. PMID- 831586 TI - A new differential spectrofluorometer. PMID- 831587 TI - Enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane and isolated human uterine muscle. AB - The effects of equipotent concentrations of enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane on isolated human uterine muscle have been evaluated. Three anesthetic concentrations (0.5, 1.9, and 1.5 MAC) were studied. Specimens included myometrial strips from 45 non-gravid and seven gravid uteri. Both groups of muscle strips showed significant (P less than 0.05) and progressive depression of contractility with all anesthetics. However, the extents of depression at each anesthetic level studied were similar with all drugs. Enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane are equally depressing to isolated human uterine muscle. PMID- 831589 TI - Towards the molecular bases of anesthetic action. PMID- 831588 TI - The effects of halothane on pregnant and nonpregnant human myometrium. AB - Strips of myometrium were obtained at operation from eight nonpregnant and ten pregnant patients. The tissues were immediately suspended in a muscle bath and induced to contract isometrically with K2SO4 in the presence and absence of halothane (0.5 to 2.0 vol per cent). The anesthetic produced significant dose related depression of developed tension and rates of increase and decrease of tension in both pregnant and nonpregnant muscles. Time to peak tension was increased in the nonpregnant but not in the pregnant muscles. The depressant effect of the lower halothane concentrations (less than 1.1 vol per cent) was significantly greater in the pregnant muscles. PMID- 831591 TI - The nonlinear responses of cerebral metabolism to low concentrations of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and thiopental. AB - The relationship between cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and anesthetic concentration has been assumed (based upon isolated measurements) to be approximately linear at concentrations less than 1 MAC. The shapes of the anesthetic dose-response curves for both CMRO2 and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined by multiple measurements made at small, progressive concentration increments from 0 to 2 MAC halothane (six dogs), enflurane (six dogs), and isoflurane (six dogs), and during a constant 23 mg/kg/hr infusion of thiopental (six dogs). The EEG was continuously recorded and changes in EEG patterns from "awake" to "anesthetic" were correlated with changes in anesthetic concentration, CBF, and CMRO2. The significance of changes in the slopes of regression lines for CMRO2 before, during and after changes in EEG patterns from "awake" to "anesthetic" were then determined. Contrary to previous inferences, CMRO2 dose response curves were found to be nonlinear at anesthetic concentrations less than 1 MAC for all anesthetics studied. CMRO2 decreased precipitously until a stable "anesthetic" pattern was observed on the EEG; thereafter, CMRO2 decreased at a markedly reduced rate. The onset of this change occurred at concentrations well below MAC for the inhalational anesthetics. With the thiopental infusion, CMRO2 decreased most rapidly during the first 25 minutes. With halothane and enflurane, CBF was maximal during the period of transition in the EEG from an "awake" to an "anesthetic" pattern. CBF was elevated at all concentrations of isoflurane studied. CBF decreased rapidly during thiopental infusion until the EEG pattern changed from "awake" to "anesthetic" and then more slowly. The results demonstrate that the change in the EEG to an "anesthetic" pattern, which occurs at concentrations well below MAC, is accompanied by an abrupt metabolic depression. It is speculated that these events coincide with the onset of functional depression. PMID- 831590 TI - Recovery, psychomotor skills, and simulated driving after brief inhalational anesthesia with halothane or enflurane combined with nitrous oxide and oxygen. AB - Recovery from anesthesia was assessed in a controlled manner in 34 healthy student volunteers, using a psychomotor test battery 1 and 5 hours and a driving simulator 2, 4.5, and 7 hours after 3.5 minutes of anesthesia with halothane or enflurane combined with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Psychomotor performances remained significantly (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.001) worse than in an unanesthetized control group for 5 hours after both halothane and enflurane. However, impairment of driving skills 4.5 hours after anesthesia was measurable only after halothane (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that after even brief periods of halothane or enflurane anesthesia patients should not drive or operate machinery for at least 7 hours. The magnitudes and durations of the residual effects of both agents on psychomotor performance were, however, less than those previously found after thiopental, methohexital, or diazepam. PMID- 831592 TI - Frequency sweep electromyogram and voluntary effort in volunteers after d tubocurarine. AB - A new method for monitoring the effect of muscle relaxants on the myoneural junction was tested in unanesthetized volunteers. Evoked electromyographic responses to stimulation, sweeping exponentially from 1 to 100 Hz over 10 seconds, were recorded from the hand and abdominal muscles. d-Tubocurarine (dTc) was given intravenously in incremental doses until head lift was abolished. Thumb twitch tension, vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, maximal inspiratory force, and hand grip strength were recorded during partial paralysis and recovery. The frequency sweep electromyogram (FS-EMG) of the musculus rectus abdominis was more depressed than the FS-EMG of the musculus abductor digiti V at the time head lift was abolished. The abdominal muscle recovered faster from dTc paralysis than did the hand muscle. The latter failed to respond normally to the highest frequencies of stimulation during the entire period of observation lasting 72 minutes after dTc injection. At the time of maximal neuromuscular blockade, respiratory function showed less depression than the FS-EMG of the abdominal muscle. PMID- 831593 TI - A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of sodium nitroprusside and trimethaphan. AB - In dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital-chloralose, cardiac output and blood flows of four regional vascular beds (superior mesenteric, left renal, left circumflex coronary and left femoral) were continuously monitered with electromagnetic flowmeters. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. Hypotension was induced with intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside and trimethaphan for 5-16 min to produce comparable reductions of mean arterial pressure (32 mm Hg or 26 per cent with nitroprusside and 37 mm Hg or 31 per cent with trimethaphan). Cardiac output also decreased, but to a lesser extent (11.5 per cent with nitroprusside and 12.5 per cent with trimethaphan). Thus, total peripheral resistance was consistently decreased. Nitroprusside caused slight tachycardia, while trimethaphan produced bradycardia. Both drugs decreased mesenteric blood flow and increased mesenteric vascular resistance. Renal blood flow was maintained or increased with nitroprusside; thus, renal vascular resistance decreased; with trimethaphan, renal blood flow decreased and renal vascular resistance did not change. Both nitroprusside and trimethaphan reduced coronary blood flow; the reduction was more pronounced with the latter. Nitroprusside affected femoral blood flow minimally, with a slight reduction of femoral vascular resistance. In contrast, trimethaphan increased femoral blood flow and markedly decreased femoral vascular resistance. Redistribution of cardiac output favoring the dilated skin and muscle vascular beds appears to be an important undesirable effect of trimethaphan. PMID- 831594 TI - Obstetric anesthesia for a patient with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. PMID- 831595 TI - Recognition thresholds for diethyl ether and halothane. PMID- 831596 TI - Intraesophageal microphone for phonocardiographic recording. PMID- 831597 TI - Re-establishment of radial-artery patency for arterial monitoring. PMID- 831598 TI - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during anesthesia. PMID- 831599 TI - Percutaneous aortic catheterization--a hazard of supraclavicular internal-jugular vein catheterization. PMID- 831600 TI - Ketamine for obstetric delivery. PMID- 831601 TI - Methylprednisolone and renin-angiotensin. PMID- 831602 TI - [Modern aspects of saliuretic therapy in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 831603 TI - [The Paget-Von Schrotter syndrome. Report of 6 cases]. PMID- 831604 TI - [Indications of deep iliac-femoral derivation with saphenous vein graft]. PMID- 831605 TI - [Revascularization technic of the lower extremity: the femoro-femoral by pass]. PMID- 831607 TI - Reversal of pretreatment hypotension and control of hemorrhage in trauma patients by a simple device. PMID- 831606 TI - Contribution of glucose to the hyperosmolality of prolonged hypovolemia. AB - Normal rats subjected to hypovolemic shock (Wiggers model) exhibited the characteristic rise in blood glucose as well as the initial fall in hematocrit indicative of plasma refill. Concurrently there was a rise in osmolality. Late in shock these animals became hypoglycemic and the hematocrit rose despite a persisting hyperosmolality. Rats which had been deprived of food for 24 hours in order to deplete the liver glycogen did not become hyperglycemic after hemorrhage and had a less marked fall in hematocrit. The plasma osmolality rose to the same high level as that of the fed rats but the rise was slower. From this we conclude that glucose may be largely responsibile for the rise in osmolality early in shock in fed animals but it is not responsible for the continuing hyperosmolality in fed or fasted animals. Nor is it responsible for the initial rise in fasted animals. Hyperosmolality may delay but does not prevent fluid loss from the capillaries late in shock. PMID- 831608 TI - Use of metoclopramide in patients with delayed gastric emptying following gastric surgery. PMID- 831609 TI - Management of the infected aortofemoral prosthesis including use of an axillopopliteal bypass. PMID- 831610 TI - Mediastinal biopsy: selective or routine? PMID- 831611 TI - Treatment of atopic dermatitis with topically applied caffeine--a follow-up report. PMID- 831612 TI - Tricholemmoma clinical lesions. PMID- 831613 TI - Leishmania tropica infections. PMID- 831614 TI - Androgenetic alopecia. PMID- 831615 TI - 'Moisturizers' and perioral dermatitis. PMID- 831616 TI - Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum. PMID- 831617 TI - Long-term intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide. PMID- 831618 TI - Hodgkin disease in Hansen disease. PMID- 831619 TI - Atypical melanosomal proteins in human malignant melanoma. AB - Isolated melanosomes from human malignant melanoma lesions and normal tissues were solubilized with Triton X-100, and proteins were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Determination of the relative mobilities of protein bands at different acrylamide gel concentrations allowed the calculation of the molecular size and charge of melanosomal proteins. Three classes of proteins were demonstrable as follows: (a) those found only in melanoma; (b) those found only in normal melanosomes; and (c) proteins common to malignant and control tissues. The similarity of human melanoma protein banding patterns to those previously described in B-16 murine melanoma reaffirms the importance of the latter as a biochemical model for human studies; in addition, the presence of unique proteins in malignant tissue paralleled reports of aberrant polypeptides in organells of several other tumor systems. PMID- 831620 TI - Cutaneous lymphangioma. AB - Cutaneous lymphangiomas from 158 patients were studied clinically and pathologically. Lymphangiomas show a predilection for the neck and axilla, breasts and chest, and buttocks and thighs, but may occur on almost any area of skin. They show highest incidence of onset in infancy, the majority are present by age 5 years, but they may appear spontaneously in adolescence or adult life. No correlation among cutaneous lymphangioma, mucous membrane lymphangioma, internal lymphangioma, or lymphangiosarcoma was found. No familial histories of lymphangioma were elicited. Single surgical excision cured 75% of cutaneous lymphangiomas and reexcision cured an additional 12%. The cutaneous lymphangiomas are divided into superficial "lymphangioma circumscriptum" and deep "lymphangioma cavernosum." No specific histologic criteria could be found to differentiate lymphangioma from "bloodless" hemangioma, primary from secondary lymphangioma (lymphangiectasia), or cystic cavernous lymphangoma from cystic hygroma. PMID- 831621 TI - Borderline and reactive FTA-ABS. Results in lupus erythematosus. AB - Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests were performed on serum samples from 43 patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Seven borderline and three reactive results were obtained from patients who had no evidence of syphilis, and Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) tests were nonreactive. These probable nonsyphilitic reactions were associated with discoid LE (DLE) as frequently as with systemic LE (SLE). Three of these serum samples were reactive in the microhemagglutination assay for T pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP), but titers were low. Reactive FTA-ABS tests were also obtained from four patients with LE with evidence of syphilis. All four serum samples were highly reactive in the MHA-TP test. These findings suggest that nonsyphilitic FTA-ABS fluorescence is (1) common with both DLE and SLE, (2) frequently not "beaded" in pattern, and (3) often detectable when MHA-TP tests are performed. PMID- 831622 TI - Prevalence of vitiligo. Epidemiological survey on the Isle of Bornholm, Denmark. AB - The prevalence of vitiligo was 0.38% in 47,033 people in a representative region in Denmark. Both sexes were equally affected. No significant difference was found in the distribution of 179 patients with vitiligo among five municipalities or between urban and rural districts. The age-specific prevalence increased from 0.09% under the age of 10 years to 0.90% in the age group 60 to 69 years. After the age of 70, the prevalence declined. This fall might reflect an increased incidence of vitiligo during the past few decades. The number of new cases of vitiligo increased steadily with advancing age, its onset being most often between the ages of 40 and 60 years. It is assumed that the prevalence of vitiligo in Denmark applies also to the northwestern part of Europe. PMID- 831623 TI - Hyperkeratotic and verrucous features of mycosis fungoides. AB - A patient had unusual verrucous and hyperkeratotic plaques and tumors confined to the right leg for 24 years. The histopathologic examination was diagnostic of the infiltrative or plaque stage of mycosis fungoides. The patient was treated with a megavoltage radiation technique that was specially adapted to ensure a homogeneous dose distribution to all the lesions. This treatment may be applicable in other deeply infiltrative cutaneous lesions. PMID- 831624 TI - Cutaneous complications of central umbilical artery catheterization. AB - Central umbilical artery catheterization, currently a widely used procedure in neonatal intensive care units, is accompanied by a substantial risk of vascular complications. Unilateral skin necrosis of the buttock was the initially seen manifestation of vascular occlusion secondary to thromboembolic phenomena or direct vascular damage from central umbilical artery catheterization in a premature male infant. Skin findings, such as transient blanching or erythema in a neonate who has had umbilical artery catheterization, can precede the evolution of gangrene and necrosis. One should be alert to the possibility of a vascular basis for lesions in infants in whom indwelling umbilical artery catheters have been used. PMID- 831625 TI - Single cutaneous plasmacytoma with crystalloid inclusions. AB - A patient had a primary cutaneous plasmacytoma of the cheek. Histologic studies showed dense aggregates of plasma cells admixed with occasional histiocytes. The cytoplasm of the histiocytes contained needle-like structures. Electron microscopy showed these structures to be completely enclosed within smooth membranes. They often were rhombic, with occasional broken-off corners. It is hypothesized that these structures represent protein that has been secreted by the plasma cells and subsequently phagocytosed and stored in crystalloid form by the neighboring histiocytes. The patient is asymptomatic 1 1/2 years after removal of the tumor. PMID- 831626 TI - Inflammatory metastic carcinoma. Carcinoma erysipelatoides. AB - A patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma had an erythematous inflammatory lesion resembling erysipelas on the chest wall. Results of a skin biopsy disclosed groups of metastatic adenocarcinoma cells in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and lumina of the lymphatic vessels. The diagnosis of the inflammatory metastatic carcinoma should be considered in any persistent and therapeutically unresponsive skin eruption that resembles an infectious process. Careful attention to the clinical features, lack of febrile response, and absence of leukocytosis should assist in making the correct diagnosis of a noninfectious process. PMID- 831627 TI - Apocrine hidrocystoma of the shoulder. AB - An apocrine hidrocystoma of the shoulder of a 59-year-old woman is, to our knowledge, only the third reported case that arose outside of the head and genitalia. Its origin was nonetheless consistent with the distribution of apocrine glands in adults. PMID- 831628 TI - Twenty-nail dystrophy of childhood. AB - Twenty-nail dystrophy is an idiopathic nail dystrophy that begins insidiously in early childhood. All 20 nails are uniformly affected with excessive longitudinal striations and loss of nail luster. The skin and its ectodermal derivatives are otherwise normal. Twenty-nail dystrophy is believed to be a self-limited abnormality that resolves slowly with age. PMID- 831629 TI - Smoke, burns, and the natural history of inhalation injury in fire victims: a correlation of experimental and clinical data. AB - Mortality and morbidity in fire victims is largely a function of injury due to heat and/or smoke. While degree and area of burn together constitute a reliable numerical measure of cutaneous injury due to heat, as yet no satisfactory measure of inhalation injury has been developed. In this study, with fluid resuscitation and pulmonary infection eliminated as variables, dose-response curves were constructed as a measure of inhalation injury by exposing burned and unburned animals to smoke of constant temperature and toxicity under conditions similar to the fire situation. In these animals, the natural history of inhalation injury: 1) proved to be a relatively simple function of smoke and burn dosage; 2) appeared to simulate and therefore aid interpretation of the inhalation injury syndromes seen in human fire victims; 3) indicated that within limits [COHgb] measured immediately after injury was directly proportional to, and might prove to be a clinically valuable measure of, absorbed dose of smoke. While fluid resuscitation and pulmonary contamination with bacterial pathogens may be eliminated experimentally, such is not the case with the vast majority of fire victims admitted to burn services with associated inhalation injury. Fluid resuscitation and inhalation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerosol were therefore included serially in a study of animals with inhalation injury and burns large enough to require fluid resuscitation. In these animals it was demonstrated that: 1) pulmonary edema occurred in association with too little rather than too much fluid therapy; 2) after aerosol inoculation, fatal bacterial pneumonia was difficult to produce when inhalation injury was associated with no or only small burns, but common when associated with no or only small burns, but common when associated with a burn large enough to require fluid resuscitation. PMID- 831631 TI - Factors influencing survival of patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers. AB - With the advent of permanent cardiac pacing, technology has produced power sources that will last two, four, and even 20 years. The cost of these devices is proportional to their complexity and expected life. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate pulse generator should be based on the patient's prognosis. An actuarial analysis of 319 consecutive patients receiving permanent cardiac pacemakers was performed in order to determine whether prepacing factors influenced prognosis. The survival probability at 5 years was not influenced by sex, race, type of conduction defect, or antecedent disease. Survival rate decreased only slightly for each decade of life, but even in the ninth decade there was an acceptable prognosis. PMID- 831630 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage was performed in 13 patients with obstructive jaundice, using a combination of the PTC technique and a Seldinger angiography catheter. In 11 cases, the outflow of bile through the catheter was satisfactory and complications were few. Since the risk of the procedure is low and it can be done without laparotomy, it is an ideal technic for biliary decompression before attempting to do a resection. Also, repeated cholangiography through a catheter which is left in place is helpful as a diagnostic aid before and after surgery. PMID- 831632 TI - Comparison of lymphedema following incontinuity and discontinuity groin dissection. AB - Wide excision of primary malignant melanoma en bloc with regional lymphadenectomy decreases the incidence of regional recurrence as compared with a discontinuous dissection. The more extensive soft tissue defect of the incontinuity procedure is of concern since major lymphatics are often ablated from the ankle region up to the aortic bifurcation. This problem was studied in 81 currently living patients, all of whom had been operated upon for primary melanoma located below the distal thigh. Measurable lymphedema was found in 64% who had had the incontinuity procedure and 69% in the discontinuity group. The incidence of advanced lymphedema (greater than two inches) was 23% and 36%, respectively. All patients with advanced edema had been operated upon more than 3 years ago. Eighty per cent of patients operated upon more than 5 years ago had lymphedema. Wound complications had occurred in 41% of the patients in the incontinuity group and 42% in the discontinuity group, but this did not affect the incidence of edema. The clinical findings are readily explainable on the basis of lymphangiographic data. PMID- 831633 TI - Primary melanoma of skin of the breast region. AB - Primary melanoma of skin of the breast region accounted for less than 5% of all malignant melanomas. During a two-year period, 12 patients were seen with these unique lesions. It appears that wide excision and prophylactic lymphadenectomy, including radical mastectomy, gave the best long-term local and regional control. Dissection of the internal mammary nodes did not seem to be beneficial. Pertinent literatures emphasizing several important pathological factors which correlate with higher incidence of metastases to the regional lymph nodes are reviewed. A rational therapeutic approach, synthesizing above information and incorporating postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy, is suggested. PMID- 831634 TI - Insulin requirements for hepatic regeneration following hepatectomy. AB - On the basis of changes in the adenine nucleotide the mitochondrial metabolism of the remnant liver, insulin requirements for hepatic regeneration were studied in diabetic rats treated with varying amounts of alloxan. Mildly diabetic rats with less than 30% inhibition in maximal portal insulin response to oral glucose load, showed a parabolic glucose tolerance pattern and could tolerate partial hepatectomy. Whereas, severely diabetic rats with more than 45% inhibition showed a linear glucose tolerance pattern and died within 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. In the former rats, the energy charge (ATP + 1/2ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) levels of the remnant liver decrease slightly at an early period after partial hepatectomy but could be restored rapidly to normal levels with a concomitant rise of oxidative phosphorylation in remnant liver mitochondria. In contrast, the energy charge levels in the latter groups fell more markedly and could not be restored, because of insufficient enhancement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It is suggested that an enhancement in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity of the remnant liver following partial hepatectomy is inhibited in proportion to the severity of impaired insulin secretion, resulting in a decrease of the potential functional capacity of liver. PMID- 831635 TI - Acute pancreatitis: analysis of factors influencing survival. AB - Of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), there remains a group who suffer life threatening complications despite current modes of therapy. To identify factors which distinguish this group from the entire patient population, a retrospectiva analysis of 519 cases of AP occurring over a 5-year period was undertaken. Thirty one per cent of these patients had a history of alcoholism and 47% had a history of biliary disease. The overall mortality was 12.9%. Of symptoms and signs recorded at the time of admission, hypotension, tachycardia, fever, abdominal mass, and abnormal examination of the lung fields correlated positively with increased mortality. Seven features of the initial laboratory examination correlated with increased mortality. Shock, massive colloid requirement, hypocalcemia, renal failure, and respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation were complications associated with the poorest prognosis. Among patients in this series with three or more of these clinical characteristics, maximal nonoperative treatment yielded a survival rate of 29%, compared to the 64% survival rate for a group of patients treated operatively with cholecystostomy, gastrostomy, feeding jejunostomy, and sump drainage of the lesser sac and retroperitoneum. PMID- 831636 TI - Surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas and the periampullary region: cumulative results in 57 institutions in Japan. AB - In this study the experiences with carcinomas of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, terminal comma bile duct, and duodenum found in a series of 3,610 patients collected from 57 major Japanese institutions was compiled over a 26 year period. The results were analyzed as to the success of resectional and palliative surgery for the various lesions. The most common lesion was carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Unifortunately, only 18.3% of these patients were resectable with a 25.3% mortality. Carcinoma of the body and the tail was the second most frequent lesion, and it also exhibited a low resection rate. Carcinomas of the ampulla and the terminal common bile duct and duodenal regions were the most favorable for resection; usually pancreatoduodenectomy with an overall mortality of 20.8%. As a result of the large number of pancreatectomies performed, there was also a large number of postoperative complications, the most frequent being leakage at an anastomotic line. Hemorrhage also occurred frequently. Distal pancreatectomies were reserved for carcinoma of the body and the tail of the pancreas, and the most common postoperative complication of this procedure was hemorrhage. There were only 45 total pancreatectomies among the 973 resections being performed most frequently in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Again, the most frequent postoperative complication was hemorrhage, followed by anastomotic leakage. The long term survivals following resection for these lesions were each poor. The best mean survival time was 22.7 months for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Patients having resections for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas had a mean survival time of 12.3 months. At 5 years there were few survivors and most of them were patients who had undergone resections for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. PMID- 831637 TI - Bile salt metabolism following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Bile salt pool size and kinetics were evaluated in 8 morbidly obese women before and following jejunoileal bypass. The results indicate that following jejunoileal bypass pool sizes of both chenodeoxycholate and cholate decrease, turnover rates increase, and the rates of bile salt synthesis increase. Influenced by pool size, hepatic synthesis and the degree of malabsorption, the daily bile salt loss may actually decrease in time. Chenodeoxycholate is more efficiently absorbed than cholate in both the preoperative and postoperative states. In spite of greater cholate synthetic capabilities, in this malabsorptive state the chenodeoxycholate pool decreases less than the cholate pool. Although all patients received an identical surgical procedure, the effect on bile salt kinetics and pool sizes varied in these patients. Since some of the postoperative complications may be related to the degree of interference with bile salt metabolism, the individual patient's capacity for increased hepatic synthesis of bile salts and increased reabsorption of bile salts from the remaining small bowel may vary the clinical postoperative course. PMID- 831638 TI - Diverticulitis with perforation into the peritoneal cavity. AB - Sigmoid diverticulitis with free perforation or perforation through the mesentery results in generalized peritonitis. Emergency surgical treatment is mandatory, but the most efficacious procedure has not been clearly established. Ten consecutive patients were treated by removal of the perforated sigmoid colon, temporary end colostomy and peritoneal toilet. All but one patient survived the initial procedure, and there were only four minor complications. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 8 of the 10 patients. Analysis of the preoperative clinical findings revealed that a decision in favor of immediate operation was not difficult. The predominant clinical manifestations were severe abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, and elevation of the white blood cell count. The most reliable diagnostic finding was localization of the area of maximum tenderness to the left lower quadrant and suprapubic areas. While it is not applicable for all the pathologic manifestations of diverticulitis, sigmoid colectomy, temporary end colostomy and peritoneal toilet is efficacious therapy in perforative diverticulitis with free communication between the colonic lumen and the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 831639 TI - Perforated appendicitis: current experience in a Childrens Hospital. AB - A review of 89 consecutive cases of perforated appendicitis recently treated surgically at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles revealed no mortality and a complication rate of 17%. Significant factors in this low morbidity are: adequate preoperative resuscitation, routine administration of broad spectrum antibiotics pre and postoperatively, and attention to surgical detail. Anaerobic organisms were invariably present in cultures of the peritoneal fluid taken at operation. Anaerobes were also present in the blood in all 5 patients having positive blood cultures and were frequently pathogens whenever postoperative infectious complications occurred. The use of antibiotics effective against anaerobic organisms was common in this series and produced no morbidity. PMID- 831640 TI - Progression and resolution of changes in pulmonary function and structure due to pulmonary microembolism and blood transfusion. AB - It was the purpose of this research to define the progression over several days of changes in pulmonary function and structure and to document the phases of recovery following transfusions to dogs of sublethal quantities of stored blood containing microaggregates. Ten dogs underwent partial exchange transfusions averaging 60% of blood volume through standard blood transfusion filters. Average screen filtration pressure (SFP) of the blood was 85 mm Hg. Pulmonary hypertension did not develop, but there were striking decreases in O2 consumption, increases in Qs/Qt and decreases in Do2. Changes became progressively more marked over the first 48 to 72 hours after the transfusions. Pulmonary function of surviving animals returned nearly to normal by the sixth day after transfusions. Pathologic examinations of the lungs of animals sequentially sacrificed over 6 days showed intravascular microemboli, alveolar cell hyperplasia and interstitial and alveolar pulmonary edema. Progressive recovery was associated with progressive resolution of all detrimental changes. In 6 animals exchange transfused 100% of their blood volumes through dacron wool (Swank) filters and in three control animals that were not transfused, there were no significant changes in pulmonary function or structure. These experiments define the progression of deterioration and recovery over 6 days of pulmonary function in dogs after sublethal pulmonary microembolism occurring during blood transfusion. PMID- 831641 TI - Mitral valve replacement with the modified University of Cape Town (UCT) prosthesis: clinical and hemodynamic results. AB - Mitral valve replacement with the modified University of Cape Town prosthesis was performed in 42 patients. In 35 the procedure was an isolated one, and the hospital mortality was 6%. The late survival rate was 60%, half of the late deaths being the result of thromboembolism or complications of anticoagulant therapy. The incidence of hemolysis was low, and hemodynamic results demonstrated improvement in cardiac index and lowering of pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, pulmonary arteriolar resistance, and transvalvular mean gradients. However, the calculated prosthetic valve orifice area was lower than the measured area. Because of complications of thromboembolism, the high incidence of late deaths, and high transvalvular gradients, this prosthetic valve is no longer used in patients requiring mitral valve replacement. PMID- 831642 TI - Repair of tetralogy of Fallot after aortopulmonary anastomosis. AB - Thirty-eight corrective operations have been performed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and a functioning aortopulmonary shunt. There were 3 operative deaths (7.9%) and 1 late death (2.6%), and 3 patients have required reoperation for significant residual defects. Only 1 of 10 patients studied postoperatively by radionuclide scanning has a significant reduction in blood flow to the lung on the side of the closed shunt. We conclude that the presence of an aortopulmonary shunt does not add to the risk of repair in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and that mortality after such operations is related to the complex anatomy often present in patients of this group. PMID- 831643 TI - Intraoperative identification of the conduction system in repair of endocardial cushion defect. AB - Electrophysiological identification intraoperatively of the His-Purkinje system eliminates the complication of complete heart block consequent upon repair of endocardial cushion defect (ECD). Ten patients, 6 with complete ECD and 4 with incomplete ECD, underwent repair of the defect. None of the patients developed heart block. Slight variations were noted in the location of the His bundle in 9 patients, and a major deviation was found in 1 patient with incomplete ECD. The data support the use of intraoperative recordings as a necessary acconpaniment to the operative repair of ECD. PMID- 831644 TI - Intraoperative application of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation determined by clinical monitoring of the endocardial viability ratio. AB - Persistent unrecognized subendocardial ischemia with development of subendocardial necrosis is a major cause of patient death following cardiopulmonary bypass. The lesion is caused by a discrepancy between the oxygen needs of subendocardial muscle and the available blood supply. If sole reliance is placed upon monitoring conventional vital signs, the more subtle factors contributing to decreased blood flow may go unrecognized. Reported studies have confirmed that the adequacy of subendocardial perfusion can be predicted by calculating the supply/demand ratio, defined as the ratio of the diastolic pressure-time index (DPTI) divided by the systolic pressure-time index (TTI). An analog computer was designed and built that measures the area under the systolic and diastolic component, calculates the DPTI/TTI ratio, and digitally displays the result as the endocardial viability ratio (evr). The EVR was used to determine the adequacy of left ventricular subendocardial blood flow in 64 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac operations. Unidirectional intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) was utilized in 14 patients with 9 long-term survivors. The difference in mean EVR between survivors and nonsurvivors at the initiation of balloon support was statistically significant. Early application of unidirectional IABC when subendocardial ischemia persists following open cardiac procedures may prevent deterioration to subendocardial necrosis with subsequent morbidity or mortality. PMID- 831645 TI - Oxygen consumption during surface-induced deep hypothermia under halothane anesthesia. AB - The effect of halothane-100% oxygen anesthesia on oxygen consumption was studied in 10 dogs subjected to surface-induced deep hypothermia with 30 minutes of circulatory arrest. The results were compared with previous oxygen consumtion data under ether-100% oxygen anesthesia. Low cardiac output, especially during the rewarming period, low PaO2, and a large arteriovenous oxygen difference during rewarming were significantly different in the halothane group, despite identical oxygen consumption in both groups. These differences could not elucidate the exact cause of postoperative motor disturbances associated with 30 minutes of circulatory arrest in the halothane group. The possibility that there was higher oxygen consumption under halothane anesthesia is discussed. PMID- 831646 TI - Circular myotomy of the esophagus: clinical application in esophageal atresia. AB - Three infants born with esophageal atresia that was repaired by end-to-end anastomosis combined with a circular myotomy on the upper segment are reported. The distance between the free surgical margins of the esophagus ranged between 1.5 and 4.5 cm. The esophageal myotomy was used to reduce the tension on the anastomosis. The suture line healed in each patient without clinical or roentgenographic evidence of breakdown. Follow-up of these patients ranged between 10 months and 3 years. Roentgenographic evaluation of their esophageal motility showed efficient peristaltic activity in the distal esophageal segment. Two of the patients had a subsequent history of impaction of solid particles in the upper esophageal segment at the age of 13 months and 2 years. The possibility that the circular myotomy contributed to this increased incidence of impaction is raised. PMID- 831647 TI - Esophageal myectomy for recurrent multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus: manometric and cineradiographic documentation. AB - This is a report of recurrent multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus treated initially by enucleation and subsequently by myectomy of the involved portion of the esophagus to prevent further recurrence. Experimental studies support the clinical observation that the esophagus will function as a conduit for food in the absence of an orderly progression of peristalsis. Preservation of hilar truncal vagus nerve function must be accomplished if normal lower esophageal sphincter function is to be maintained. We believe this is the first report of deliberate esophageal myectomy in a human patient with manometric and cineradiographic documentation of satisfactory function postoperatively. Limited myectomy may be considered, as circumstances require, in the treatment of multiple esophageal leiomyomas, although enucleation remains the treatment of choice. PMID- 831648 TI - Intrapulmonary steal complicating repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - A patient with total occlusion of the distal right pulmonary artery secondary to the performance of a Waterston shunt is reported. A nearly fatal intrapulmonary steal occurred at the time of corrective operation when an attempt was made to revascularize both pulmonary arteries. PMID- 831649 TI - The cardiac veins and retrograde coronary venous perfusion. AB - Study of retrograde coronary venous perfusion has been greatly overshadowed in the past decade by the advent and success of direct coronary artery revascularization. Recently there has been renewed interest in retrograde venous perfusion as a possible means of restoring myocardial circulation in selected patients. This paper reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiac venous system and the history of retrograde venous perfusion, with emphasis on recent experimental work and clinical trials involving retrograde coronary vein perfusion (RCVP). PMID- 831651 TI - Health care in China. PMID- 831650 TI - The flexible medical residency. PMID- 831652 TI - Specialty attending system for training in critical care aspects of internal medicine. PMID- 831653 TI - Typical, modified, and atypical measles. AB - A small outbreak of measles that occurred in August and September of 1975 was studied. One adolescent boy who had received killed measles vaccine 12 years previously had atypical measles, a 31-year-old woman had typical primary measles, and two other boys with measles were live vaccine failures. Of these latter two cases, clinical and serologic findings suggest that one boy had primary vaccine failure and the other may have had a secondary immunologic response. The findings of this study, as well as the results of other recent investigations, suggest that measles will be of increasing concern for the internist. PMID- 831654 TI - Detection of endotoxin in cerebrospinal and joint fluids by limulus assay. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and joint fluid from 81 patients were studied for the presence of endotoxin using the limulus assay. All fluids that grew Gram-negative organisms had a positive limulus test. However, one sample of CSF and one of joint fluid, both very purulent, that contained Gram-positive organisms also gave positive limulus assays. All culturally negative fluids had a negative limulus assay. Thus, a positive limulus assay with CSF or joint fluid is indicative of bacterial infection probably caused by Gram-negative organisms and can be an extremely useful diagnostic adjunct. PMID- 831655 TI - Cost analyses of alternative health examination modes. AB - Health examinations have become an essential service for a health maintenance organization to provide to ambulatory patients for determining their health status and care needs. Three methods were studied for providing health examinations to 6,285 examinees. Compared with the traditional physical examinations customarily provided by physicians, it was determined that either of two alternative systemized modes proved more economical with regard to both physician time and total resource costs for similar patient groups standardized by age, sex, and health status. The most efficient method of providing health examinations to large numbers of people used multiphasic health testing, followed by physical examinations provided by nurse practitioners supervised by physicians; this required 68% less physician time and resulted in a decrease in total examination costs of 30% as compared with traditional examinations. PMID- 831656 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of acute aortic valve endocarditis and its complications. AB - Staphylococcus aureus aortic valve endocarditis and its complications in a patient were readily recognized by echocardiography. "Shaggy" echoes recorded from the aortic leaflets in diastole as well as irregular diastolic densities in the left ventricular outflow tract suggested flail aortic leaflets secondary to bacterial endocarditis. The presence of a double echo of the anterior aortic wall was an unusual finding. Initially thought to represent a localized dissection, abscess formation and pocket of edematous fluid accumulation was found between the anterior aortic wall and pulmonary artery. Premature closure of the mitral valve was evident shortly before the patient died. The specific echocardiographic features of flail aortic leaflets and premature mitral valve closure should alert the physician to consider immediate aortic valve replacement. PMID- 831657 TI - Hyperuricemic acute renal failure in disseminated carcinoma. AB - A patient with widespread adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract origin was seen in renal failure. He had extreme hyperuricemia, and at autopsy, uric acid crystals were demonstrated in many collecting structures of the kidney. To our knowledge, this is the first clinicopathologic description of hyperuricemic renal failure caused by spontaneous necrosis of a nonlymphomatous solid tumor. PMID- 831658 TI - Pain perception in clinical electromyography. AB - In a prospective study of 93 electromyographic examinations including those of 42 men and 51 women, various factors relating to the experience were correlated with pain levels. Patients were asked to record their pain levels, and electromyographers were asked to record their perception of the patients' levels of pain on a scale of 0 to 4. It was found that the pain reported was not related to length of wait or of examination, number of surface areas studied, whether the findings on examination were normal or abnormal, the age of the patient, time of day, the electromyographic findings or the characteristics of the examiner. The data suggested that nerve conduction velocity studies are more uncomfortable for patients than needle electromyographic studies. The only other statistically significant factor appeared to be the patient's sex. All of the patients who reported no pain were male while 86% of the patients reporting maximum pain were females. The electromyographer's evaluation of the patient's pain perception was accurate in 84% of the cases. PMID- 831659 TI - Immobilization hypercalcemia in spinal cord injury. AB - Four patients having high-level quadriplegia developed elevated serum calcium concentrations (11 to 15.8 mg/100 ml) within three months of injury. All were young males (ages 15 to 19 years) and quadriplegic (C4-C7). Presenting symptoms were nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy. In two patients severe muscle wasting and cachexia with clinical symptoms developed and persisted for several months. Laboratory studies in all patients showed negative calcium balance with hypercalciuria. Reduced renal function was seen in all patients but returned to normal with return of normal serum calcium. Alkaline phosphatase level was normal in three and elevated in one. Serum parathormone levels were normal. Roentgenograms revealed diffuse demineralization. Nephrocalcinosis and soft tissue calcifications developed in one patient. Primary treatment included reduced calcium intake, correction of dehydration, sodium infusion and remobilization. Corticosteroids, oral phosphates, furosemide and mithramycin were used with varying success to control prologned symptoms and severe hypercalcemia. PMID- 831660 TI - Lupoid sclerosis: evaluation and treatment. AB - The history, physical examination and laboratory data are presented of a patient with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The rehabilitation medicine evaluation and course of therapy are reviewed. Other published cases of similar patients are reviewed. PMID- 831661 TI - Asymmetric iliotibial band contracture following muscle biopsy: case report. PMID- 831663 TI - EMG electrode connectors. PMID- 831662 TI - Orthosis to correct shoulder pain and deformity after trapezius palsy. AB - An orthosis is described which provides the following benefits to patients with trapezius paralysis: (1) Cosmetically, appearance is improved because the orthosis restores the shoulder to its normal position. (2) Pain is alleviated or minimized by relieving the pull against the levator scapulae and the rhomboideus muscles. (3) Endurance is improved allowing the patient to return to previous employment and full activities. PMID- 831664 TI - Transfer of a completely dependent patient by one person. PMID- 831665 TI - Motor learning and control: a working hypothesis. AB - There is mounting evidence that motor learning and control are not a process of accretion but depend on patterning of inhibition in motor neurons. Electromyographic studies in health and disease indicate that the acquisition of skills occurs through selective inhibition of unnecessary muscular activity rather than the activation of additional motor units. PMID- 831666 TI - Walter J. Zeiter Lecture: pathokinesiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: implications for management. AB - Management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy from the beginning of Duchenne's description has always been fragmentary. Even today the operations recommended, bracing suggested and exercise regimens prescribed are not coherent with the pathokinesiologic features of the condition. A review of the course of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in 90 patients over a 16-year period clarified the pathokinesiology of this predictable progressive condition. PMID- 831667 TI - Gastroduodenal Crohn disease. PMID- 831668 TI - Bleeding from adenoma of liver. PMID- 831669 TI - If you don't know. PMID- 831670 TI - Reexamination/recertification: measurement of professional competence and relation to quality of medical care. AB - Over the past half decade, there has been an increment in forces moving the profession toward recertification and a decrement in the restraining forces. The whole process will be catalyzed by available funding through grants to implement continuing medical education, development of performance-, and competency-based assessment measures and recertification. Specialty boards serving relatively small numbers of candidates have serious difficulty funding certification, to say nothing of recertification. An adequate mechanism to implement recertification can emerge only from the profession itself, working through the American Board of Medical Specialties and specialty boards. The means to discharge this responsibility should, at the outset, come from public and private sources. Eventually the system may become self-supporting through evaluation and certification fees. The public interest will be best served when there are adequate mechanisms to assess continuing competence of all physicians. As a minimum, there must be a system to guard against incompetence through obsolescence of any of the practicing professionals. PMID- 831671 TI - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - The clinical records of 48 patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder seen at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center over the past 25 years were reviewed. Of the 37 patients with unresected tumors, there were no survivors. Of the 11 patients with resected tumors, one survived five years, two died before five years without evidence of recurrence, and the remainder died with locally recurrent tumor. This experience reemphasizes the inadequacy of the present surgical approach to the disease. The tendency of carcinoma of the gallbladder to spread initially by local invasion of the liver bed and by metastases to regional lymph nodes has often been neglected by those treating the disease. Wedge resection of the liver and regional lymphadenectomy in addition to cholecystectomy are theoretically advantageous and should be striven for in the case of resectable tumors, even if reoperation is required. PMID- 831672 TI - Doppler examination vs clinical and phlebographic detection of the location of incompetent perforating veins: a prospective study. AB - Accuracy in excess of 80% has been claimed both for ultrasound and for phlebographic localization of incompetent perforating veins (ICPVs). To test these claims, a blind prospective study was carried out to compare three methods of simultaneous ICPV detection with operative findings. ICPV localization on the medial side of 39 legs was made by clinical examination, ultrasound, and ascending phlebography, each by a different observer. The ICPVs were confirmed at operation. All three methods were comparable in their accuracy in predicting the anatomical site of ICPVs. Phlebography produced fewer (seven) and ultrasound more (49) false-positive results than clinical examination did. There was no specific advantage of ultrasound over clinical examination. The advantages of phlebography, (1) fewer unnecessary explorations and (2) assessment of the status of the deep venous sytem, must be weighed against its cost and morbidity. PMID- 831673 TI - Pancreatic abscess and pseudocyst. PMID- 831674 TI - A new infusion flow stabilizer. AB - A new intravenous flow stabilizer (IFS) for keeping constant infusion rates was evaluated and found to be precise and easy to use. The IFS enables precise intravenous treatment while relieving the nursing staff of the frequent checking and readjustment that are required with the intravenous sets in current use. PMID- 831675 TI - Ultrasound scan in diagnosis of peripheral aneurysms. PMID- 831676 TI - Solitary thyroid nodules. AB - A study was made of 67 patients with solitary thyroid nodules in which strict criteria to eliminate the probability of cancer, including a history of radiation to the neck, were used. Twelve (17.9%) were found to have histologic malignancy. This figure is threefold that of a study made by one of the authors 11 years earlier, but comparable to others more recently reported from cancer centers elsewhere. It is not certain whether the apparent increase is actual or merely the result of more careful screening of patients for referral. Shrinking of the nodule by thyroid suppression therapy had been definite but incomplete in three nodules, one of which was found to be malignant. Excision is recommended for all persistent thyroid nodules. PMID- 831677 TI - Treatment of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis with oxygen. PMID- 831678 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome following vascular shunts for hemodialysis. AB - Carpal tunnel syndrome developed in the hands of two patients five to six months after Quinton-Scribner vascular shunts for hemodialysis were removed from the forearm of the symptomatic upper extremity. Thickened flexor tendon synovium within the carpal tunnel in al three cases suggests that the cause is an increase in the volume of the contents within the rigid confines of the carpal canal. Division of the transverse carpal ligament and synovectomy resulted in complete relief of symptoms 4, 14, and 23 months after operation. Carpal tunnel syndrome should be considered an additional new complication of vascular shunt procedures in patients treated by hemodialysis for renal failure. PMID- 831679 TI - Congenital cystic dilation of the bile duct associated with Laurence-Moon-Biedl Bardet syndrome. AB - We describe a 26-year-old man in whom the Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome had been associated with congenital cystic dilations of both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tract. The fact of the simultaneous occurence of two rare diseases in a single patient suggests the congenital origin of cystic dilation of the biliary tract and the importance of examining for a possible association of anomalies in the alimentary tract with the Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome. PMID- 831680 TI - The repair of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms. AB - Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery was repaired in three instances by a combination of gas endarterectomy and aneurysmorrhaphy. No shunt was used during cross clamping. The occlusion was uncomplicated. Both patients (in one the procedure was bilateral) have been well for two years. Because of its simplicity and effectiveness, the method is recommended. PMID- 831681 TI - Idiopathic rupture of the iliac vein. AB - Idiopathic rupture of large veins is very rare. There has been one report in the Portugese literature of such an instance involving the iliac vein. Our patient was an elderly woman in whom evidence of intra-abdominal hemorrhage developed. There was no clinical evidence of trauma. At laparotomy a large retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to an 8-mm tear in the left common iliac vein was found. The tear occurred adjacent to where the right common iliac artery passes over the vein. Repair was followed by uneventful recovery. Results of the pathological examination showed nonspecific information. PMID- 831682 TI - Duodenal stump closure. PMID- 831683 TI - Ballon flotation catheter. PMID- 831685 TI - Primary aberrant aculomotor regeneration. A sign of intracavernous meningioma. AB - Four patients exhibiting signs of partial aberrant oculomotor regeneration without a preceding acute third nerve palsy had meningiomas involving the cavernous sinus. Two of the patients had preceding sixth nerve palsies. We propose that slowly progressive primary aberrant oculomotor regeneration is diagnostic of intracavernous meningioma. The best diagnostic studies are orbital phlebography, carotid arteriography, and possibly computerized axial tomography. PMID- 831684 TI - Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis. AB - Seven patients had superior sagittal sinus thrombosis diagnosed by cerebral arteriography. We recommend that anticoagulants not be used in the therapy of this entity, but rather that one should rely on antiedematous agents and anticonvulsants. PMID- 831686 TI - The impossible meningioma. AB - Experience in three cases has shown that a small meningioma in the extreme posterior portion of the orbit just anterior to the optic foramen may occur with progressive visual loss in the absence of orbital signs. Such lesions cannot be detected by plain skull roentgenography, polytomography, or selective angiography with subtraction and magnification. In one patient, even computerized axial tomography gave normal results, and the meningioma went undetected until exploratory craniotomy. PMID- 831688 TI - The "respirator brain". PMID- 831689 TI - Cerebral dominance. PMID- 831687 TI - Fine structure of the cerebellar cortex in Menkes Kinky-hair disease. X chromosome-linked copper malabsorption. AB - The cerebellar cortices in two patients with X-chromosome-linked copper malabsorption (Menkes kinky-hair disease) were examined with both the light and electron microscope. Somatic sprouts and grotesque dendritic arborization were among the obvious light microscopical changes. At the fine structural level, the Purkinje cells were characterized by the presence of somatic spines although the surviving granule cells had already descended. Most spines were parts of synaptic complexes, but some were unattached to any presynaptic element. Similar spines were also observed on dendritic trunks. Astrocytic gliosis and nonspecific endothelial cell changes were noted. PMID- 831692 TI - Medical student performance skills in otolaryngology. AB - A clinical rating scale was developed to assess clinical skills of third-year medical students completing a two-week required clerkship in otolaryngology. Thirty-seven students in six consecutive small groups were rated with the instrument by themselves, their student peers, and the departmental staff, and the ratings compared. The instrument was usable and aceeptance was good. Agreement among the differenet rating bodies was poor, but single observations by staff or peers were suitably reliable when multiple raters were used. The "halo effect" was particularly evident in staff ratings. PMID- 831691 TI - Irradiated homologous costal cartilate for facial contour restoration. AB - This study represents a retrospective evaluation of 145 implants of irradiated homologous costal cartilage used over a three-year period for facial contour restoration in a variety of anatomic sites. In this series, the immediate complication rate was 5.5%, the late complication rate was 2.1% and the partial resorption rate was 1.4%. The infection rate for the implants inserted intraorally onto the face of the maxilla did not have a statistically significant difference from the infection rate for the entire series, thus demonstrating that this implant is not easily infected. These results establish irradiated homologous costal cartilage as a valid implant material. PMID- 831690 TI - The surgical anatomy of the endolymphatic sac. AB - The endolymphatic sac (ELS) and vestibular aqueduct (VA), which play a notable role in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops and Meniere disease, were identified in all anatomic and tomographic materials. More than 100 temporal bones were used for microdissection, tomography, and plastic molds. Normal subjects and Meniere disease patients were studied tomographically (N = 63) and observed during ELS surgery (N=49). In Meniere disease there is, with increassing duration of diseases, a decrease in the periaqueductal and opercular air cell pneumatization, with a concomitant shorter and straighter VA. This correlates with a decreased ELS luminal patency, and a more inferiorly positioned ELS. These factors help to explain both the difficulties of visualizing the VA by tomography in Meniere disease as well as the occasional difficulties reported by others in satisfactorily identifying the ELS at sac surgery. All observations are made from the surgeon's viewpoint to enhance clinical identification of the ELS. PMID- 831693 TI - Selective experimental reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles. AB - Amelioration of facial nerve dysfunction has been variably successful and often has resulted in only gross motion. An experimental model has been developed whereby the nerve-muscle pedicle technique used to reinnervate the larynx has been modified to achieve selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles. A series of rabbits underwent facial denervation, following which a nerve-muscle pedicle was transposed to the denervated zygomaticus muscle to achieve selective reinnervation. Subsequent follow-up showed good clinical evidence of reinnervation one to four weeks postoperatively. This was confirmed by electromyographic and histologic findings. It is suggested that the nerve-muscle technique that has been used to correct laryngeal paralysis also may be applied to the selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles. PMID- 831694 TI - Closure of large nose-cheek groove defects. AB - Reconstruction of large defects involving the nose-cheek groove area present technical and cosmetic problems. A combination of a cheek falp with a dorsal nasal rotation flap gives excellent survival and cosmesis for the nose as well as the cheek. The techniques of the dorsal-nasal flap alone and in combination with a cheek advancement flap are demonstrated. PMID- 831695 TI - Reconstruction following temporal bone resection. AB - The aggressive initial treatment of external auditory canal and middle ear malignancies using ablative surgery in the form of temporal bone resection combined with postoperative curative doses (6,000 rads) of irradiation has resulted in meaningful palliation and a seeming increase in cure rates for these lesions. This combined therapy regimen has placed new demands on the wound of the temporal bone resection and subsequently necessitated development of a more substantial reconstructive effort. Hypoglossal nerve crossover has proved to be an efficient means of facial reanimation following temporal bone resection, with minimal morbidity associated with the loss of motor function to one half of the tongue. The composite posterior cervical flap, including a portion of trapezius musculature, has satisfied both the functional and cosmetic needs of this combined therapy program. PMID- 831697 TI - Subdermal fascial augmentation. AB - A technique is described whereby limited soft tissue defects may be cosmetically improved using autogenous fascial strips. These strips of fascia lata are threaded onto a cadaveric needle that is tunneled subdermally, in a "basket weaving," criss-crossed fashion, augmenting the soft tissue defect and separating the scar from the underlying tissue. There are minimal incisions in the skin for this augmentation and there is very little local tissue reaction. PMID- 831696 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked responses in children. AB - Evaluation of the peripheral auditory system was attempted in 81 infants and children using an electrophysiological response, the brain stem auditory evoked response (BER). These measurements, which were successfully made in all cases, were supplemented with impedance measures in some subjects. Results were compared with previous and follow-up audiograms whenever possible. The BER test proved to be a highly reliable diagnostic tool when used in assessing "difficult-to-test" patients. It also identified new patients with peripheral auditory abnormality who subsequently received confirming conventional audiological tests. The BER test results correlated well with the impedance measurements, but some rare instances of important discrepancies require further study. PMID- 831698 TI - Studies in permeability of the middle ear mucosa. The feasibility of blocking inflammatory mediators. AB - The permeability and vasodilation of the middle ear mucosa was measured in dogs that were treated topically with histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and bacterial endotoxin. All of these inflammatory mediators increased permeability and caused vasodilation. The antihistamine diphenhydramine hydrochloride, when given topically or intravenously, prevented the increase in permeability caused by histamine but had little or no effect on vasodilation. The antihistamine also reduced the permeability response to bradykinin. As antihistamines are not always useful in treating otitis media, other inflammatory mediators found in human effusions may be responsible for the condition. Because of our relative ignorance of the inflammatory process in otitis media, control of the process by drug treatment is not hopeful at present. PMID- 831699 TI - Presternal bronchogenic cysts. AB - A presternal subcutaneous cyst was removed from a 21-month-old male infant. This is a rare congenital lesion that typically appears as a pinpoint opening over the sternum that periodically drains small amounts of mucinous material. Histologically, these lesions have the features of their intrathoracic and mediastinal counterparts. Surgical excision is advocated because of the potential for infection. PMID- 831701 TI - Ear canal hyperostosis--surfer's ear. An improved surgical technique. AB - The increased populatiry of surfing has produced a marked augmentation in the incidence of ear canal exostosis. However, when it becomes moderately severe, I prefer to call it "hyperostosis." Exposure to cold ocean water for many years can be an important etiologic factor in hyperostosis. There is a serious risk, and a high incidence of tympanic membrane perforations during the removal of large external canal hyperostosis. This injury can be prevented by placing a sheet of Silastic against the tympanic membrane beforehand. I describe the method. Serious degrees of hyperostosis, causing transient hearing loss and otitis externa, are increasingly common in coastal towns, where cold-water surfing is a popular year around sport. PMID- 831700 TI - External auditory canal stricture secondary to epidermolysis bullosa. AB - A 24-year-old woman had epidermolysis bullosa simplex involving the external ear canal with resultant stricture that led to conductive hearing loss and repeated episodes of external otitis. Treatment consisted of scar excision, bony canal enlargement, and split-thickness skin grafting. A four-year follow-up has demonstrated no recurrence of disease. Mechanobullous diseases are characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membrane following frictional trauma. In addition, the external ear may be deformed. Intraoral scarring may result in limitation of the mouth's opening. Dysphagia may occur secondarily to esophageal scarring. Endotracheal tubation may result in postoperative blisters necessitating tracheostomy. Even surgical scrubbing and use of skin tape may lead to blister formation. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the numerous problems these patients present. PMID- 831702 TI - Metastatic malignant melanoma. Pathological quiz case 1. PMID- 831703 TI - Serum myocardial enzymes after +Gz acceleration. AB - Circulating levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase, as well as its isoenzymes, were measured to investigate the possibility of myocardial damage during acceleration to high +Gz. Serum samples were analyzed in 12 human volunteers before, 6 h after, and 24 h after several bouts of accleration to 6, 8, 9, and 10 G. No substantial elevations of enzyme activities were observed. However, multivariate analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of the data indicated a small but statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increase in creatine phosphokinase. The results were consistent with enhanced skeletal muscle cell permeability consequent to muscular exercise. PMID- 831704 TI - State of spermatogenesis in rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690. AB - Testes of 30 rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690 for 20.5 d and 30 rats kept in a ground-based experiment, which simulated all flight except weightlessness and accleration, were examined morphologically. On the 10th experimental day the rats were exposed for 24 h to gamma irradiation from a Cs137 source at doses of 220, 800, and 955 rad. Tests from 60 nonirradiated rats that remained in the vivarium were used as controls. On the 1st-2nd and 26-27th post experimental days the animals showed a significant decrease in the weight of testes, post-radiation death of spermatogonia, and important structural changes in the spermatogenic epithelium, whose level depended on the dose of irradiation and the time elapsed after the exposure. No significant differences in the weight of testes, frequency of occurrence of individual components of the spermatogenic epithelium, and time of emergence of reparative processes were noted. No modifying effect of space flight factors on the development of radiation-induced changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of rats was found. PMID- 831705 TI - Thermographic evaluation of the relative heat loss by area in man after swimming. AB - Regional differences in skin temperature (Ts) were determined by infrared radiography in four competitive swimmers of varying body compositions, prior to, after 5 min of immersion in water (Tw) at 23.5 degrees C, and after a 500-m freestyle swim at a training pace. Decreases in skin temperature that correlated with skinfold thickness were seen post-immersion (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05). After swimming, skin temperatures were highest in regions overlying active muscle masses and were independent of skinfold thickness. These regions were the deltoids, trapezius, triceps and biceps brachi, and pectorals. Swimming increased the extent of warmer skin surface areas and gradient Ts-Tw, over which heat loss could occur. PMID- 831706 TI - Self-rated moods of humans at 4300 m pretreated with placebo or acetazolamide plus staging. AB - Self-rated moods were determined twice daily with the Clyde Mood Scale on 35 human subjects at 200 m (baseline) during a study concerned with evaluating the efficacy of staging plus acetazolamide (treatment) for the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Mood states also were determined on all subjects at 4300 m (Pikes Peak, Co) and on 18 of these subjects at 1600 m (staging site). Mood state changes were not observed at 1600 m, but four of the six mood factors were sensitive to the 4300 m altitude. At 4300 m, all subjects, treatment and control, rated themselves as less friendly and clear thinking and more sleepy and dizzy. At 4300 m, the treatment strategy resulted in an improved mood on the friendly, sleepy, and dizzy factors. Altitude-induced changes in clear thinking were not altered by the treatment strategy. PMID- 831708 TI - Behaviour of three resuscitators under hyperbaric conditions. AB - Three portable resuscitators were tested under hyperbaric conditions--the Pneupac Ventilator/Resuscitator, the Motivus Resuscitator (Type P.V.),and the Stephenson Minuteman Resuscitator. The first two delivered an inadequate tidal volume at 2 ATA. The third, while delivering a constant tidal volume, did so at an increasingly inadequate ventilatory frequency. PMID- 831707 TI - Analysis of the human voice as a method of controlling emotional state: achievements and goals. AB - Background factors and those of formant structure, spectral and spectro-temporal characteristics of rapid and slow speech components, temporal peculiarities, and intensity of speech turned out to be informative indices of the human emotional state. Application of mathematical methods, in particular methods of recognition theory, to these factors helped to assess the degree and the psychological sign of emotion, to diagnose the status of attention and fatigue, and to differentiate emotional and physical stress. The paper outlines the results obtained in model experiments on cosmonaut A. Leonov at different flight stages, including EVA, on Voskhod-2. PMID- 831709 TI - Interdependence of decompression sickness and plasma enzymes on dive profile and vitamin B-6 status. AB - The mortality rate due to decompression injury was found to be significantly greater in a rat population with a mild vitamin B-6 deficiency, compared to an adequately fed control group, when subjected to a bends-producing N2-O2 dive. Relative post-dive changes in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and transaminase levels in plasma do not appear to be sufficiently different to allow a ready distinction in the degree of susceptibility of one nutritionally defined population from the other. PMID- 831710 TI - Discussion of the combined effect of weightlessness and ionizing radiation on the mammalian body: morphological data. AB - The combined effect of weightlessness and ionizing radiation, from the Cs137 source at 800 rads for 24 h, on the animal body was studied. The morphological examination of organs and tissues of rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos 690, kept in the ground-based simulation experiment, and kept in the vivarium, indicated prevalence of radiation-induced changes in both experimental groups of rats. An exposure of animals to space flight factors did not produce a substantial aggravation of radiation-induced effects. This is indicated by the lack of significant differences in the weight of testes, thymus, and spleen of flight and simulation rats. However, this exposure affected adversely the development of reparative processes in the hemopoietic tissue of bone marrow. Inflight irradiation aggravated weightlessness-induced changes. A combined effect of weightlessness and irradiation did not result in the summation of the effects exerted on skeletal muscles by either factor alone. PMID- 831712 TI - Cockpit thermal conditions and crew skin temperatures measured in flight. PMID- 831711 TI - Influence of sex and age on the susceptibility of mice to oxygen poisoning. PMID- 831713 TI - Bubble formation within decompressed hen's eggs. AB - Decompression sickness follows a reduction in ambient pressure and is a result of bubble formation in blood or tissues. The origin of such bubbles is the subject of considerable controversy, and a number of mechanisms have been proposed to account for them. In testing these mechanisms, freshly-laid hen's eggs provide a particularly intriguing model--namely, an intact biological system in which bubbles form readily and many of the proposed processes are excluded. PMID- 831714 TI - Hearing under stress: II. Effect of hyperventilation and hypercapnia on speech discrimination. AB - Changes in the ability to discriminate speech from a eucapnic state to hyperventilation and hypercapnia were investigated. Standard speech audiometric techniques were employed to determine the speech reception threshold and the speech discrimination values, while respiratory conditions were varied and measured utilizing a mixed-gas breathing method. Respiratory parameters were similar to those encountered in aircraft personnel who experience oxygen/pressure system malfunction. The results of the study suggest no significant change in the speech reception threshold while in a hyperventilated or hypercapnic state. The speech discrimination results, however, suggest a significant performance decrement while in a state of hyperventilation. PMID- 831715 TI - Metallised plastic sheeting for use in survival. PMID- 831716 TI - Anniversary reactions in military aviators. AB - The anniversary reaction is a timed, specific, psychological response arising on an anniversary of a psychologically significant experience which the individual attempts to master through reliving, rather than remembering. An individual response to anniversary stress may emerge in symptom formation, in dreams, in associations, or through behavior. PMID- 831717 TI - Assessment of telemedicine: results of the initial experience. PMID- 831718 TI - Comparison of susceptibility to motion sickness during rotation at 30 rpm in the earth-horizontal, 10 degrees head-up, and 10 degrees head-down positions. AB - Normal persons rotated about an Earth-horizontal axis vary in their susceptibility to motion sickness. The purpose of this experiment was to measure, intraindividual differences in susceptibility in 12 subjects when rotated 10 degrees head up and 10 degrees head down as well as in the horizontal position. Subjects assumed the test-position 60 min prior to rotation, thus providing an opportunity for translocation of body fluids. Physiological and psychophysical measurements were conducted throughout the experiment. There were no intraindividual differences in susceptibility to motion sickness in the three positions tested, although there were significant differences in vital capacity, demonstrating the expected fluid shifts. It was concluded that, in the sample of subjects tested, short-term effects of fluid shifts greater than those that would be manifested in zero gravity had no definite effect on motion sickness susceptibility. PMID- 831719 TI - Psychological considerations with patients on respirators. PMID- 831720 TI - [Occurrence of salmonella in laboratory cats]. PMID- 831722 TI - [The size of colony-forming units in the air of animal stalls]. PMID- 831721 TI - [GOT and GPT activity in experimental hyperthyreosis in the dog]. PMID- 831723 TI - Biochemical studies on phthalic esters--II. Effects of phthalic esters on mitochondrial respiration of rat liver. PMID- 831724 TI - Studies on the toxicity and metabolism of cadmium-thionein. PMID- 831725 TI - Paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis in the mouse-relationship between covalent binding, hepatic glutathione depletion and the protective effect of alpha mercaptopropionylglycine. PMID- 831726 TI - Effect of beta-propiolactone and beta-nitropropionic acid on rat brain monoamine oxidase. PMID- 831727 TI - Effects of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone on hepatic drug metabolism in gonadectomizedmale and female rats. PMID- 831728 TI - Influence of sex and Freund's adjuvant on liver N-acetyltransferase activity and elimination of sulphadimidine in urine of rats. PMID- 831729 TI - Effects of ethynyl estradiol on incorporation of (1-14C) oleate into triglyceride and ketone bodies by the liver. PMID- 831730 TI - Reversal of toxicity and antitumor activity of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate by uridine or carbamyl-DL-asparate in vivo. PMID- 831732 TI - Pericarditis complicating a case of meningococcal meningitis. AB - The case is described of an 18-year-old schoolboy who developed pericarditis during the course of meningococcal meningitis; he had evidence of a preceding chronic meningococcaemia. Good recovery followed on systemic antibiotics only. The pericarditis was probably a direct septic complication of meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 831731 TI - Measurement of postoperative pericardial pressure in man. AB - Pericardial pressure was measured in 18 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for up to 10 days using a solid state transducer. Mean and phasic pericardial pressure wave forms were similar to those reported in animals. A wide range of mean pressure from 0 to 30 mmHg was recorded, and values of up to 20 mmHg were observed in patients whose postoperative clinical course was uncomplicated. Fluctuations in pericardial pressure during spontaneous and artificial respiration were small, suggesting that concomitant left ventricular diastolic pressure changes were mainly the result of alterations in diastolic filling. Relative ventricular and pericardial distensibilities were estimated from the ratio of the slopes of diastolic pressure with time, which showed that up to 25 per cent of left ventricular diastolic pressure was supported by the pericardium and 75 per cent by the myocardium. Measurement of pericardial pressure had clinical value in 2 patients in confirming and excluding the presence of pericardial tamponade. PMID- 831733 TI - Rheumatoid pericardial effusion with heart block treated by pericardiectomy and implantation of permanent pacemaker. AB - A patient with long-standing seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis developed a pericardial effusion with chronic cardiac tamponade. He had evidence of conducting system disease and developed heart block. He was successfully treated by pericardiectomy and implantation of a demand pacemaker. PMID- 831735 TI - Preclinical abnormaltiy of left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics. AB - Left ventricular function of a sample of subjects with chronic alcohol intake, in the form of wine, and without clinical or electrocardiographic signs of heart disease was compared with that of a sample of normal control subjects using non invasive polygraphic recordings. The statistical analysis has shown significant prolongation of PEP, PEPI, an increase in PEP/LVET, and a shortening of LVET and LVETI in the alcoholic subjects compared with the controls. All these abnormalities may be ascribed to left ventricular malfunction. PMID- 831734 TI - Excretion of myoglobin in urine after actue myocardial infarction. AB - We studied myoglobin excretion in 33 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with a provisional diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Sixteen proved to have definite and uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction and 17 possible infarction, using WHO criteria. For 5 days after admission, aliquots of every urine specimen voided by each patient were analysed for myoglobin using an immunochemical method able to detect a minimum urinary myoglobin concentration of 0-02 mg/ml. Myoglobinuria was detected in 14 of the 16 patients with definite infarction but was not found in any of the 17 patients with possible infarction. There were 3 patterns of myoglobin excretion. In 8 of the 14 patients it was excreted in one episode starting 10 to 40 hours after the onset of chest pain and lasting for 5 to 45 hours. In 3 of the remaining patients it was excreted over a much longer period (mean 83 hours) and in the final 3 patients myoglobinuria occurred in 2 or 3 intermittent episodes with periods of between 10 and 20 hours during which it was not detected. Total myoglobin excretion, which varied between 2 and 100 mg (mean 51 mg), did not correlate with peak serum enzyme levels. We concluded that in the appropriate clinical setting, the finding of myoglobinuria provides additional evidence for a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The variable myoglobin excretion pattern suggests that in seemingly uncomplicated myocardial infarction there is considerable variation between patients in the pattern of evolution of the infarction process. This may be relevant to the assessment of measures directed towards limiting infarct size. PMID- 831736 TI - Intermittent AV conduction disturbances in patients with AV nodal bypass tracts. Possible mechanisms of unusual variant of tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. AB - His bundle recordings were performed in 2 patients in whom AV nodal bypass tracts coexisted with intermittent AV conduction disturbances occurring below the site from which the His bundle deflection was recorded. Case 1 had: (a) tachycardia dependent right bundle-branch block, (b) persistent HV prolongation, and (c) bradycardia dependent AV block. Case 2 showed: (a) intra-atrial conduction delay, (b) tachcardia dependent left bundle-branch block with HV prolongation, (c) bradycardia dependent HV conduction disturbance, (d) tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome of an unusual type; the latter presumably resulted, during atrial flutter, from the alternation of rapid AH conduction through the bypass tract with intermittent (complete) distal His bundle block or bilateral bundle-branch block. PMID- 831737 TI - Mitral valve prolapse in patients with coronary artery disease. Echocardiographic angiographic correlation. AB - Echocardiography was performed in 25 consecutive patients with angina pectoris and angiographically demonstrable coronary artery disease. Left ventricular echograms detected late or pansystolic mitral valve bowing suggesting of mitral valve proplapse in 6/25 (24%). Left ventricular angiography showed prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet in 15/25 (60%), including 5 detected by echocardiography. Significant triple vessel coronary disease was present in 11 of 15 patients with prolapsed mitralvalve. In each of the latter a greater than 90 per cent obstructive lesion was noted in at least one coronary artery: right coronary artery, 9 subjects (82%); left circumflex coronary artery, 5 patients (33%); and left anterior descending coronary artery, 4 patients (27%). Of 15 subjects with angiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse, 13 had left ventricular asynergy-inferior or inferoposterior in 8 subjects (62%) and anterior or anteroapical in 5 subjects (38%). Eleven subjects had vectorcardiographic evidence of transmural myocardial infarction-inferior or inferoposterior in 9 (82%) and anteroseptal in 2 (18%). A single subject with mitral valve prolapse had mild mitral regurgitation. It is concluded that: (1) coexisting prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet and coronary artery disease is usually associated with triple vessel obstructive lesions, (2) severe right coronary disease, inferior left ventricular wall asynergy, and inferior myocardial infarction are important angiographic and vectorcardiographic correlates, and (3) echocardiography will detect such mitral valve prolapse in only one-third of affected cases. PMID- 831738 TI - Changes in transthoracic electrical impedance at high altitude. AB - Mean transthoracic electrical impedance (impedance) which is inversely related to intrathoracic extravascular fluid volume was measured in 121 normal healthy volunteers at sea-level and at 3658 metres altitude. Fifty (group A) reached the high altitude location after an hour's journey in a pressurised aircraft. Twenty five (group D) underwent slow road ascent including acclimatisation en route. Thirty permanent residents (group B) and 16 temporary residents at high altitude (group C) were also studied. Serial studies in the 30 subjects of group A who developed symptoms of high altidue sickness showed a significant decrease of impedance up to the fourth day of exposure to high altitude which later returned to normal. The 4 volunteers who developed severe symptoms showed the largest drop in impedance. A case of acute pulmonary oedema developing at 4300 metres showed an impedance value of 24-1 ohms on admission. After effective treatment the impedance increased by 11-9 to 36-0 ohms. Twenty asymptomatic subjects of group A and 25 of group D showed a small average increase in impedance values at high altitude. These obstructions suggest that measurement of transthoracic electrical impedance may be a valuable means of detecting incipient high altitude pulmonary oedema. PMID- 831739 TI - Relation between left ventricular filling pressure and angiographic findings in coronary heart disease. Ventriculography used as a stress test. AB - In 80 male patients with coronary heart disease maximum diastolic pressure in the left ventricle (LVMDP) (usually the top of the a wave), and 'post a' end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) before and 2 and 3 minutes after ventriculography were correlated to angiographic estimates of left ventricular function (aneurysm, ejection fraction (EF), and to lesions shown by selective coronary arteriography using a score system (coronary artery lesions index, CALI). A significant correlation between CALI and LVEDP (or LVMDP) could not be shown either before or after ventriculography. Before ventriculography, however, LVEDP and LVMDP were good predictors of left ventricular dyskinesia (aneurysm and/or EF less than 50%). A positive and significant correlation between CALI and the LVEDP (and LVMDP) increments following ventriculography (delta LVEDP, delta LVMDP) was found in patients with LVEDP (or LVMDP) below 12 mmHg before ventriculography. Using delta LVEDP the correlation coefficient was 0-51 (n = 41, P less than 0-001, 95 per cent confidence interval 0-24 to 0-88). Using delta LVMDP r = 0-47 (n = 41, 0 001 less than P less than 0-01). Delta LVEDP greater than 12 mmHg was found only in patients with triple vessel disease. PMID- 831741 TI - Some aspects of management and outcome of acute coronary heart disease in Oxford region. AB - (1) Over 15 months, 532 consecutive admissions to the CCU at the Radcliffe Oxford were studied; of these 333 were cases of myocardial infarction, and 319 were first admissions for this condition. Information about survival and return to work was collected for 300. A further 30 had artificial pacemakers inserted; there were 141 (26%) of the 532 cases which did not require the special care offered by the CCU. (2) Of 300 patients for whom data were available, 27 were recorded as having received DC shock. In hospital, case fatality was significantly higher among those requiring DC shock than among the remainder. Overall the 3-year survival rates were 47 per cent among those receiving shock, and 62 per cent among the remainder, compared with an expected 91 per cent for a population of the same age and sex. (3) Among men aged under 65 years, 6 of 11 who received shock, compared with 117 (77%) who did not receive shock, returned to work after leaving hospital. (4) Rates of admission to the CCU of cases of myocardial infarction per 1000 standardised population among people living in the areas around Oxford City were estimated as being 58 per cent of admission rates of cases among residents of the city. (5) The case incidence of ventricular fibrillation and the case fatality rate were both higher among those living in the environs than among those living in the city, but these differences were not statistically significant. (6) It is also concluded that insufficient is known about the factors underlying the general practitioner's decision to commit a case of myocardial infarction to other than short ambulance journeys or about the effects of such journeys on prognosis. PMID- 831740 TI - Blood pressure measurement at screening and in general practice. AB - As part of an epidemiological study of hypertension, an analysis was made of the general practitioner records of all attenders at a screening survey. A blood pressure recording, made before screening, was found in 37-9 per cent of cases. The pressures obtained correlated well with those obtained by the screening unit, though the practitioners' readings tended to be lower. Further cases of hypertension were found, not diagnosed by the screening unit; the estimate made of the prevalence of hypertension at the survey could be corrected by inclusion of these cases. Chest pain, headaches, lightheadedness, and dizziness were common reasons for blood pressure measurement in general practice, but these symptoms were not associated with a rise in the blood pressure; symptoms were not helpful in the diagnosis of hypertension. Some form of screening programme is necessary to detect cases of hypertension. This could be carried out by general practitioners. PMID- 831742 TI - The perinatal period. PMID- 831743 TI - Obstetrics, analgesia and anaesthesia. AB - A brief review of recent advances in the understanding and practive of obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia is presented. The failure to reduce maternal mortality associated with anaesthesia is related to laxity in the provision of anaesthetic services to obstetric units. The outstanding importance for the quality of life of infants and mothers, of a well-conducted obstetric anaesthetic and analgesic service is emphasized. Relating this to the needs of the community, it is claimed that the demands of obstetrics should have priority in the anaesthetic service, and that this requirement can and should be met by a redeployment of anaesthetic personnel, especially at consultant level. PMID- 831744 TI - The management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. AB - With improving standards of antenatal care, severe pre-eclampsia dn eclampsia are becoming less common and experience in the management of these conditions is lessening. Co-ordinated plans for the care of patients should be established by obstetricians and anaesthetists working as a team. A suitable regime for drug therapy in severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia is the following: Initial management Diazepam 10 mg slowly i.v. Pethidine 100-150 mg i.m. or i.v. in incremental dosage, or extradural blocks, if analgesia is also required. Hydrallazine 20 mg i.v. initially, followed by 5 mg at intervals of 20 min until the diastolic pressure is less than 110 mm Hg. Then, preferably by syringe pump in a concentration of 2 mg/ml, at a rate of 2-20 mg/h. If vomiting occurs this can be controlled by administration of atropine. Subsequent management Sedation and anticonvulsant therapy. Continue diazepam and, in severe cases, institute chlormethiazole infusion. Continue analgesia with pethidine or extradural block. Control of hypertension by adjusting the dose of hydrallazine. If tachycardia exceeds 120 beat/min give propanolol 2-4 mg i.v. Plasma protein depletion with groww oedema is treated by administration of salt-free albumin or plasma protein fraction. Diuretic therapy is indicated if there is gross oedema or signs suggestive of acute renal failure. Oliguria associated with increased blood urea may be a result of renal failure or dehydration. The latter should be evident from the patient's condition and central venous pressure, but i.v. fluids and frusemide 20-40 mg can be used as a therapeutic test. Mannitol reduces cerebral oedema and may be given if diuresis has been first produced with frusemide. Potassium chloride is given if the plasma potassium decreases to less than 3 mmol/litre. Heparin therapy is considered if there is clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 831745 TI - Management of cardiac surgery in the neonate. PMID- 831746 TI - Failure to demonstrate effect of trace concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane on psychomotor performance. AB - Progressive visual reaction times were measured before and after exposure of 10 subjects (anaesthetics or anaesthetic technicians) to either halothane 100-150 p.p.m. in air or air alone. There were no significant differences between the control and test situations. In a subsequent study of 15 psychology students using an audiovisual reaction time test, a tachistoscope and the Wechsler memory scale, there was no significant difference in the subjects' responses when breathing either air or a mixture of halothane 15 p.p.m. and nitrous oxide 500 p.p.m. in air (range: halothane 10.3-16.0 p.p.m., nitrous oxide 485-700 p.p.m.). PMID- 831747 TI - Use of compressed air in a continuous flow anaesthetic machine. AB - Anaesthesia was given from a Boyle's apparatus to 100 patients, using compressed air as the carrier gas. PMID- 831748 TI - Collapse during operation following i.v. ergometrine. A case report. AB - Peripheral pulses became impalpable following the administration of ergometrine during Caesarean section. The subsequent clinical course suggested sensitivity to ergometrine in a patient with Raynaud's disease. PMID- 831749 TI - A spirometer for the continuous measurement of expired tidal volume. AB - A spirometer is described for the continuous breath-by-breath measurement of expired tidal volume (VE). This spirometer differs from other similar equipment in using a pneumotachograph to define the duration of the inspiratory phase. PMID- 831750 TI - Hypersensitivity to intravenous anaesthetic agents. PMID- 831751 TI - Pharmacokinetic models: simple or complex. PMID- 831752 TI - The uptake of halothane. PMID- 831753 TI - Reaction to althesin. PMID- 831754 TI - The hydrolysis of suxamethonium in blood. PMID- 831755 TI - Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. analysis and examples. AB - Part I of this report appeared in the previous issue (Br. J. Cancer (1976) 34,585), and discussed the design of randomized clinical trials. Part II now describes efficient methods of analysis of randomized clinical trials in which we wish to compare the duration of survival (or the time until some other untoward event first occurs) among different groups of patients. It is intended to enable physicians without statistical training either to analyse such data themselves using life tables, the logrank test and retrospective stratification, or, when such analyses are presented, to appreciate them more critically, but the discussion may also be of interest to statisticians who have not yet specialized in clinical trial analyses. PMID- 831756 TI - Observations on squamous cell carcinomas of sheep in Queensland, Australia. AB - Observations were made over a 4-year period on squamous cell carcinomas on the ear and other areas poorly covered by hair or wool, sheep pastured in the hot, dry environment of north-western Queensland. Overall incidence in the flock was higher than in flocks kept at greater latitudes. Increased incidence with advancing age was demonstrated, and ewes appeared to be more susceptible than wethers. Metastases were observed in 4 of 33 affected ewes (12%) submitted to detailed necropsy examination. Measurements of tumour growth in 4 ewes revealed an increase in size of about 3-5 mm per month. Ovine aural squamous cell carcinoma was considered to be a good model for studies on skin cancer in man. PMID- 831757 TI - Toxicity of anti-carcinogenic retinoids in organ culture. PMID- 831758 TI - Separation of clonogenic tumour cells from EMT6 mouse mammary tumours. PMID- 831759 TI - The effect of digoxin on the binding of adriamycin to cat heart muscle. PMID- 831760 TI - Effects of varying the interval between courses of methotrexate on its myelotoxic and anti-leukaemic activities. AB - The toxicity produced by two courses of methotrexate separated by different intervals has been studied in matched groups of rats. The maximum degree of neutropenia reached when courses were separated by 8 days or more was no greater than that seen after a single course of methotrexate. However, when courses of neutropenia following the second course of methotrexate was directly related to the level of depression of bone marrow cell numbers at the time of the second course. Conversely the anti-leukaemic effects of 2 courses of methotrexate, in terms of time of onset of leukaemia and time of death in rats transplanted with a syngeneic T-cell leukaemia, are shown to be similar when courses of methotrexate are separated by between 2 and 12 days. Thus in this system, chemotherapeutic schedules using methotrexate may be designed on the basis of minimal host toxicity without prejudicing anti-leukaemic effects. These results are discussed in relation to toxicity and anti-leukaemic effects observed during UKALL trials of treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 831761 TI - Fractional incorporation of [3H]thymidine and DNA specific activity as assays of inhibition of tumour growth. AB - The Fractional Incorporation (FI) of [3H] thymidine ([3H]TdR) has been examined in small lung tumours after cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment in vivo and compared to the DNA specific activity (SA) at different times after treatment. FI was found to correlate with the incidence of labelled cells after treatment, whereas SA did not, due to the loss of DNA from drug-killed cells 72 h after treatment. The FI is independent of the precursor concentration in the tissue, and therefore may give a better index of DNA synthesis in irregularly perfused tissues than SA. Following either CY or 60Co radiation treatment, the time necessary for FI to reach the pretreatment level is quite similar to the growth delay measured for the FI depression 45 h after treatment and growth delay has been established in the Lewis lung tumour, which would allow the prediction of growth delay induced by another agent to be made within 2 days of treatment. PMID- 831763 TI - Nasal polyps and bronchial asthma. PMID- 831762 TI - Rapid and accurate measurement of growth of solid tumours and changes in the tumour bed in the rat by the technique of volumetric displacement. AB - An apparatus which has been widely used in rats for measuring swelling of the foot induced locally by inflammatory agents has been adapted to measure rapidly, accurately and objectively, the growth of tumour cells transplanted to the foot, and the reactions of the normal tissues (tumour bed) to tumour growth. General features on the apparatus and the techniques used are described. Examples are provided of preliminary measurements made of normal growth of the foot, reactions of the foot to two injurious agents (histamine and Corynebacterium parvum) and of growth of allogeneic (W256) tumour cells. PMID- 831764 TI - Lignocaine aerosol and persistent cough. AB - Four patients with intractable cough improved for periods of between one and six weeks after treatment with 400 mg of lignocaine by aerosol spray. Suprisingly the lignocaine increased airways resistance in some of them. It is suggested that the excessive cough is due to excessive sensitivity of tracheal cough or irritant receptors, secondary to mucosal damage. The dangers of lignocaine inhalation are referred to. PMID- 831765 TI - Bronchial biopsies after belcomethasone dipropionate aerosol. PMID- 831767 TI - Primary fibrosarcoma of the diaphragm. AB - Primary tumours of the diaphragm are rare. Benign neoplasms occur more frequently than malignant ones. Among the latter, fibrosarcoma is the most common. A case of primary fibrosarcoma of the diaphragm is presented with long survival and recurrence 10 years after first surgical removal. At re-operation, a huge tumour was excised arising from a small part of the diaphragm. The histology of the recurrence was the same as the original tumour. The patient remained free of signs and symptoms nine months after the second operation. PMID- 831766 TI - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis complicating Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 831768 TI - Unexplained pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary arteritis in rheumatoid disease. AB - The case is described of a 24-year-old woman who died after suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for eight years. During the last four months of her life there was clinical evidence of pulmonary hypertension. At necropsy the heart showed right ventricular hypertrophy but no congenital defect. Microscopic examination of the lungs disclosed evidence of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease with medial hypertrophy and intimal fibrosis of muscular pulmonary arteries together with hypertensive changes in the pulmonary arterioles. Some of the muscular pulmonary arteries also showed fibrinoid necrosis of their media and acute arteritis. It was concluded that the fibrinoid necrosis was a minifestation of severe hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease rather than being a primary rheumatoid arteritis of the lung. PMID- 831769 TI - A digital computer and a lung function test service: efficiency and costs. AB - An off-line digital computer used to calculate the results of routine lung function tests saved an average of 20% (9.8 min) of the time required per patient when compared with the use of a simple electronic calculator. This saving would permit an increase in the work-load of the laboratory from 1250 to 1500 patients per year if the same tests were used. The cost of suitable computer equipment, however, would exceed that of employing an additional lung function technician. PMID- 831770 TI - Unilateral lung disease detected by radioisotopic scanning in children thought to have asthma. AB - The clinical courses of three children are described. They were initially thought to have troublesome asthma alone or in association with other diseases. The children had radioactive gas lung scans using 13N for studies of ventilation and perfusion which in each case revealed one entirely healthy lung and one disordered lung. The technique of 13N gamma scanning is described and its clinical value in such patients is discussed. PMID- 831771 TI - Properties of L-methionine gamma-lyase from Pseudomonas ovalis. AB - The distribution of bacterial L-methionine gamma-lyase (L-methionine methanethiollyase (deaminating) (EC 4.4.1.11) was investigated, and Pseudomonas ovalis (IFO 3738) was found to have the highest activity of enzyme, which was inducibly formed by addition of L-methionine to the medium. L-Methionine gamma lyase, purified to homogeneity from Ps. ovalis, has a molecular weight of about 173 000 and consists of nonidentical subunits (mol wt: 40 000 and 48 000). The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 and 420 nm, and a shoulder around 330 nm, which are independent of the pH (6.0 to 10.0), and contains 4 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of the enzyme. The formyl group of pyridoxal 5' phosphate is bound in an aldimine linkage to the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues of the protein. The holoenzyme is resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with hydroxylamine, and reconstituted by addition of pyridoxal 5' phosphate. The enzyme activity is significantly affected by both carbonyl and sulfhydryl reagents. L-Methionine gamma-lyase catalyzes alpha,gamma- and alpha,beta-elimination reactions of, in addition to L-methionine, several derivatives of L-methionine and L-cysteine, e.g., L-ethionine, DL-methionine sulfone, L-homocysteine, and S-methyl-L-cysteine. The enzyme catalyzes also gamma replacement reactions of the thiomethyl group of methionine with various alkanethiols (C2-C7), arylthio alcohols (benzenethiol and beta-naphthalenethiol) and the derivatives of ethanethiol (2-mercaptoethanol and cysteamine) to yield the corresponding S-substituted homocysteine. The thiomethyl group of S-methyl-L cysteine also is replaced by ethanethiol to form S-ethyl-L-cysteine. PMID- 831772 TI - Kinetics of native and activated isozymes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The major isozymes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), EE, ES, and SS, have been separated by chromatography on phosphocellulose. Product inhibition studies showed that the kinetic behavior of EE and SS isozymes was consistent with the ordered BiBi mechanism. The different primary structures of the E and S subunits were expressed with higher Michaelis constants for ethanol and acetaldehyde and lower activity for the SS isozyme when compared with the EE isozyme. The differences for SS isozyme are reflections of slower rates of association and dissociation of coenzymes and slower rates of hydrogen transfer, not of affinities for the substrates. The contributions of each subunit in ES isozyme to the kinetic constants were not additive, indicating that the subunits may not act independently. Activation of the isozymes by amidination and alkylation suggested that lysine residues were present at the active sites of both E and S subunits. Kinetic studies indicated that isonicotinimidylation increased enzyme activity of the three isozymes by increasing the rates of dissociation of the enzyme-coenzyme complexes. PMID- 831773 TI - Relationship between the neurotoxicity and phospholipase A activity of beta bungarotoxin. AB - beta-Bungarotoxin is a protein neurotoxin that exhibits phospholipase A activity. The neurotoxin and phospholipase A activities were similarly affected by several agents that modify proteins in various ways. Both activities were very thermostable and resistant to treatment with proteases, 6 M urea, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and N-acetylimidazole. Both activities were sensitive to beta-mercaptoethanol, and to N-bromosuccinimide and ethoxyformic anhydride, which previously had been shown to inactivate rattlesnake venom phospholipase A by modifying selective amino acids. Dihexanoyllecithin, which acts as a substrate for the beta-bungarotoxin phospholipase A, and Ca2+ protect the phospholipase A activity against inactivation by ethoxyformic anhydride but not the neurotoxicity. Treatment of intact membranes with proteases reduces hydrolysis of the membranes lipids by the toxin phospholipase A. PMID- 831774 TI - Aromatization of delta4-androstene-3,17-dione, 19-hydroxy-delta4-androstene-3,17 dione, and 19-oxo-delta4-androstene-3,17-dione at a common catalytic site in human placental microsomes. AB - Estrogen is believed to be biosynthesized from androstenedione in placental microsomes by a multienzyme pathway in which 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and 19 oxoandrostenedione (or the hydrated form) are obligatory intermediates. However, both 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and 19-oxoandrostenedione competitively inhibited aromatization of androstenedione, and all three steroids were shown to be mutually competitive. 19-Hydroxyandrostenedione and 19-oxoandrostenedione also competed with androstenedione for binding sites in the microsomes at 4 degrees C. In confirmation of the work of Hollander (Hollander, N. (1962), Endocrinology 71, 723-728), and of Osawa and Shibata (Osawa, Y., and Shibata, K., (1973), Abstracts of the 55th Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Abstract 116) when androstenedione and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione were incubated together, both were converted to estrogen, but little androstenedione was converted to 19-hydroxyandrostenedione. Considered together, these results are incompatible with the multienzyme pathway. Rather, these results may be explained by aromatization of androstenedione at a single catalytic site via enzyme-bound transition states. Both proposed intermediates are, according to this view, by-products which can also be aromatized. PMID- 831775 TI - Density differences between membrane and secreted immunoglobins of murine splenocytes. AB - The buoyant densities of mouse immunoglobulins were determined by isopycnic centrifugation in phosphate-buffered cesium chloride using beta-galactosidase as marker. The buoyant densities of IgG, TEPC 15 IgA, secreted IgM, and MOPC 104E IgM were consistent with their carbohydrate contents both in the presence and the absence of the nonionic detergent, Nonidet P-40. Intracellular IgM from spleen cell lysates had a buoyant density corresponding to a carbohydrate content of 6%. Membrane IgM from detergent lysates of spleen cells was less dense than either intracellular or secreted IgM in the presence of detergent. The IgD-like membrane molecules were more dense than membrane IgM. PMID- 831777 TI - Effect of a single cis double bond on the structures of a phospholipid bilayer. AB - The ordering of the hydrocarbon chains and the rates of lipid motion are two independent parameters characterizing the structure and the dynamics, respectively, of a bilayer membrane. In this work, deuterium magnetic resonance has been used to elucidate the influence of a single cis double bond on the hydrocarbon chain ordering of a phospholipid bilayer. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-sn phosphatidylcholine was specifically deuterated at various segments of the palmitic acyl chain and at the 9, 10 position of the oleic acyl chain, and the segmental order parameters were deduced from the quadrupole splittings of the unsonicated bilayer phases. The shape of the order profile of the palmitic acyl chain is similar to that observed for the corresponding fully saturated membrane, but the magnitude of the order parameters is distinctly smaller in the unsaturated system. This demonstrates that the presence of a double bond in a membrane causes a more disordered conformation of the hydrocarbon chains. Considering the relative flexibility within the palmitic acyl chain, the deuterium resonance data indicate a local stiffening of those segments which are located in the vicinity of the double bond. The membrane fluidity was investigated using a nitroxide-labeled stearic acid spin probe. The smaller electron paramagnetic resonance line width in bilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3 sn-phosphatidylcholine demonstrates an increased fluidity compared to bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 831776 TI - Osmium-labeled polynucleotides. The reaction of osmium tetroxide with deoxyribonucleic acid and synthetic polynucleotides in the presence of tertiary nitrogen donor ligands. AB - Osmium tetroxide in the presence of pyridine or 2,2'-bipyridine has been found to react completely with the pyrimidine moieties (thymine, uracil, and cytosine) in polynucleotides. Pyrimidine osmate ester moieties, L2OSO4-pyrimidine, were formed. The OSO4 has added across the 5,6 double bond and L=pyridine or 1/2 bipyridine. The pyridine derivatives were not stable and decomposed slowly after the OSO4-pyridine reagent was removed by gel chromatography. Labeled poly(uridylic acid) lost osmium completely during gel chromatography unless the eluent contained a high concentration of pyridine. The products formed between OSO4-bipyridine and polynucleotides were much more stable and the OS label was retained during and after gel chromatography. Both the OSO4-pyridine and OSO4 bipyridine reagents reacted more rapidly than the OSO4-CN-reagent. PMID- 831778 TI - Lack of site-specificity of spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1. AB - The irreversible inhibition of chloroplast phosphorylation by either sulfate anions, or N-ethylmaleimide, is energy dependent. Chloroplasts must first be illuminated in the presence of the inhibitors and a mediator of electron flow, for the subsequent phosphorylation to show any inhibition. Both inhibitors affect the chloroplast coupling factor 1. Electron transport only through Photosystem I can be used to activate either of these inhibitions. The subsequent inhibition in a second light reaction is the same whether ATP synthesis is supported by Photosystem I, or by Photosystem II electron transport. The reverse experiment, activating inhibition by electron transport only through Photosystem II, is possible in the case of sulfate. Again, the inhibition is expressed whether Photosystem II or Photosystem I electron flow supports ATP synthesis. We conclude that the two electron transport regions of probably generate the same high energy state which is able to activate all members of a functionally uniform coupling factor population. These enzyme molecules must catalyze phosphorylation coupled to electron transport through either region of the chain. The results tend to discredit models requiring a separate group of coupling factor molecules unique to each part of the chain. PMID- 831779 TI - Effects of sodium azide on photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. AB - The action of sodium azide on the electron transport chain was investigated by means of oxygen evolution, fluorescence and luminescence measurements. (1) The damping of the oxygen oscillations is progressively reduced with increasing azide concentration in the range of 10(-5) - 10(-1) M. (2) The rate of the dark decay of the S2 and S3 states is considerably slowed. The degree of slowing is dependent on concentration. (3) Luminescence is inhibited by azide both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). (4) The fluorescence induction curve in strong light is modified in the presence of azide and its shape depends on azide concentration and on incubation time. (5) At a given time after a saturating flash, the fluorescence yield in the presence of azide is much higher than that of the control. It seems to be due to a general fluorescence increase rather than to a slower Q- reduction. (6) We tentatively propose an accelerated reduction of the primary donor P+ in state S2 and S3, by the intermediate donor Z in the presence of azide. Additionally, we have to assume that in the S2 and S3 states, some centers are blocked in an inactive low fluorescent form and that azide decreases their concentration. PMID- 831780 TI - Evidence for the electrogenic nature of the ATP-ADP exchange system in rat liver mitochondria. AB - A transient decrease in the fluorescent intensity of the dye, 3,3t' dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide was seen upon the addition of ATP to rat liver mitochondria which had been pre-treated with 2-10(-6) M rotenone and 3.3 mug oligomycin/ml. This decrease which is indicative of a hyperpolarization (internal more negative) was half maximal at 2-10(-5) M ATP was not seen with either ADP or AMP. Atractyloside, bongkrekic acid, ADP, and to a lesser extent AMP inhibited the decrease observed with ATP. The characteristics of inhibition by these compounds were similar to those observed in experiments where either transport or binding of adenine nucleotides was measured. The addition of ADP after ATP led to a transient increase in fluorescent intensity indicative of depolarization. This increase was also blocked by atractyloside and bongkrekic acid. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that the exchange of ADP and ATP via an adenine nucleotide exchange mechanism is electrogenic. PMID- 831781 TI - Binding of HQNO to beef-heart sub-mitochondrial particles. AB - 1. The fluorescence spectra of HQNO (2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide) in water at pH 7.5 show an emission maximum at 480 nm and an excitation maximum at 355 nm. 2. The fluorescence is enhanced by binding to bovine serum albumin, and is completely quenched by binding to sub-mitochondrial particles of beef heart. 3. Binding experiments reveal specific binding of HQNO to sub-mitochondrial particles with a dissociation constant of 64 nM and, depending on the protein concentration, a considerable amount of aspecific binding. 4. The concentration of specific binding sites for HQNO is identical with that of antimycin-binding sites. Furthermore, the presence of antimycin prevents the binding of HQNO and antimycin releases HQNO from its binding site. 5. The binding of HQNO is not sensitive to the redox state of the respiratory-chain components. 6. Inhibition of electron transfer by HQNO is caused by binding to the specific binding site. 7. The relation between inhibition of NADH or succinate oxidation and saturation of the binding site is hyperbolic. 8. The increase in the reduction level of cytochrome b on addition of HQNO in the presence of succinate and oxygen, either in the presence or absence of cyanide, does not parallel the inhibition of overall electron transfer. 9. All data can be quantitatively described and analysed using the model for electron transfer proposed by Wikstrom and Berden in 1972 (Wikstrom, M.K.F. and Berden, J.A. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 283, 403 420). PMID- 831782 TI - 515 nm Absorption changes in Chlorella at short times (4--100 mus) after a flash. AB - Using Chlorella, three types of absorption changes at 515 nm have been studied in the 4-100 mus time range following a flash. (1) The absorption change observed when both photoreactions are blocked, probably due to the formation of the triplet state of a carotenoid, is show to depend on Photosystem II excitation only. (2) The absorption increase induced by photoreaction I is biphasic; first phase, complete in less than 4 mus, followed by a slower phase with a half-rise time of 15-20 mus. (3) On the other hand, photoreaction II induces only a fast absorption increase (lessthan 4 mus). The time course of the biphasic 515 nm absorption increase induced by photoreaction I is similar to the biphasic absorption decrease previously observed at 480 nm by Cox and Delosme (1976, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 282D, 775-778). No significant absorption change is observed at 490 nm. These results suggest that the transmembrane electric field induced by photoreaction I rises to its maximum value in at least two phases within 100 mus following flash excitation. PMID- 831783 TI - Dichroism of transient absorbance changes in the red spectral region using oriented chloroplasts. I. Field indicating absorbance changes. AB - The light-induced transient absorbance changes which are affected by valinomycin have been studied using magnetically oriented spinach chloroplasts and a polarized measuring beam. The delta A spectra for the two polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the photosynthetic membranes have been recorded in the spectral range 630-750 nm. Large polarization effects are found in all the bands of the delta A spectrum, shifts in the position of the extrema are observed and the two features with available data on the dichroism of the Stark effect on monomolecular hypothesis of the electrochromic nature of these absorbance changes in vivo. The data on this electrochromic effect can be correlated with the linear dichorism of oriented chloroplasts and the (see article) spectrum in the 645-655 nm region gives further evidence of the orientation out of the membrane plane of the red transition moment of chlorophyll b. PMID- 831784 TI - Dichroism of transient absorbance changes in the red spectral region using oriented chloroplasts. II. P-700 absorbance changes. AB - The light induced transient absorbance changes associated with the trap of photosystem I have been studied using magnetically oriented spinach chloroplasts and a polarized measuring beam. The deltaA spectra for the two polarization parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the photosynthetic membranes have been recorded in the spectral range 630-850 nm. A dichroic ratio greater than two is observed both in the main band around 700 nm and in the radical cation band around 810 nm, leading to the conclusion that the far-red transition moment of the P-700 dimeric species is lying almost parallel to the membrane plane. Dichroic ratios smaller than one are reported in the 650-670 nm band of the delta A spectrum. The possible attribution of this band to excitonic interactions in the dimers favors the hypothesis of a tilting out of the membrane plane of this transition. This finding ruled out an orientation parallel to the membrane plane of the two chlorophyll molecules constituting the P-700 phototrap. A small residual transient absorbance change is observed in the absence artificial electron acceptor. Its spectrum shows significant differences as compared to the normal P-700 spectrum: the magnitude of the signal at 700 nm is only 15-25% of the normal signal, the half-band width of the band around 700 nm is nearly twice as large and the dichroic ratio in the band is only 1.5 +/- 0.1. In the presence of ferricyanide, this signal is still observed both for intact and osmotically broken chloroplasts, suggesting a heterogeneity in the population of traps in Photosystem I. PMID- 831785 TI - Interaction of general anesthetics with phospholipid vesicles and biological membranes. AB - Low concentrations of general anesthetics, including halothane, ethrane, trilene, diethyl ether and chloroform are observed to shift the phase transitions of phospholipid vesicles to lower temperatures, and from these data partition coefficients for the anesthetic between lipid and water can be calculated. In contrast to the anesthetics, high concentrations of ethanol are required to shift the phase transition of lipids and glycerol causes no effect. Above the phase transition general anesthetics alter nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of phospholipid dispersions and increase the rotational and lateral diffusion rates of fluorescent probes located in the hydrocarbon core of the bilayer, indicating that they induce disorder in the structure. In red blood cell membranes and sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments, the rotational diffusion rate of 1-phenyl-6 phenylhexatriene is increased in the presence of general anesthetics. The 220 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of sarcoplasmic reticulum reveal some resolved lines from the lecithin fatty acid protons; addition of general anesthetic increases the contribution of these peaks. The data from the NMR and fluorescence techniques lead to the conclusion that general anesthetics increase the pool size of melted lipids in the bimolecular phospholipid layers of biological membranes; this would account for the ability of general anesthetics to increase passive diffusion rates of various substances in membranes. PMID- 831786 TI - myo-Inositol binding and transport in brush border membranes of rat kidney. AB - Using hypotonically treated brush border membranes, binding and transport of myo inositol were examined. By hypotonic treatment, both total and non-specific uptake decreased significantly, but specific uptake was not affected. myo Inositol release from membranes preloaded by incubation for 2 min was very rapid and about 98% of preloaded myo-inositol was released in 5 min of incubation. However, myo-inositol release from membranes preloaded by incubation for 20 min was fairly slow and 50% of myo-inositol remained in the membranes even after 10 min of incubation. Uptake of myo-inositol decreased by the increase of osmolarity in the medium. However, effect of osmolarity on the uptake was less significant when myo-inositol concentration was lower. Under conditions in which mainly binding occurred, myo-inositol binding to the membranes was measured. Two binding systems were demonstrated and high affinity site could bind 22 pmol/mg protein at most and the apparent Km value was 8.3 muM. Both binding and transport processes were dependent on Na+ and enhanced by Na+-gradient. PMID- 831787 TI - Correction of the apparent Michaelis constant, biased by an unstirred layer, if a passive transport component is present. AB - An unstirred layer shifts the permeation curve due to a carrier-mediated transport system (non-passive component) to the right, so that a higher Km value is determined (apparent Michaelis constant biased by an unstirred layer). If a substance is transported simultaneously by a non-passive and a passive mechanism, and if the non-passive component can be inhibited, the permeation curve due to the non-passive component can be obtained by subtraction of the curve due to the passive component alone from the curve obtained with intact passive and non passive component. But in the presence of an unstirred layer the difference curve lies always below the curve which would be obtained in the presence of the non passive component alone. This error increases with increasing unstirred layer thickness and increasing magnitude of the passive transport component. By means of an appropriate equation the apparent Michaelis constant biased by an unstirred layer and determined from the difference curve can be corrected, if the unstirred layer thickness and area are known. PMID- 831788 TI - Potassium transport and lipid composition in mammalian red blood cell membranes. AB - Potassium influxes in red cells from eight species have been found to follow exponential relationship with membrane phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content. This relationship with membrane phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content. This relationship with membrane phospholipid patterns was found to exist with both ouabain sensitive and insensitive fraction of potassium transport. When published values of chloride and phosphate permeabilities were compared with potassium permeabilities, correlations were found in seven out of nine of the species studied. On the basis of these findings it appears that potassium, phosphate, and chloride permeabilities in red blood cells of most species are related to the membrane phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin content; that is, membrane permeabilities increase with increasing amounts of phosphatidylcholine and decrease with increasing amounts of sphingomyelin. These results indicate that the membrane lipid is an important factor in transport processes in mammalian red blood cells. PMID- 831789 TI - A study of the primary effect of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone on membrane potential and conductance in Riccia fluitans. AB - 1. In the presence of 10(-5) to 10 (-8) M carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) the membrane potential of thallus cells of the aquatic liverwort Riccia fluitans responds to changes of the external pH between 5.5 and 8.3. This occurs in the light and dark, and also if respiration is abolished by addition of 10(-4) M KCN and 10 (-5) M salicyl-hydroxamic acid. 2. The ATP-level of the thallus is reduced, independently of the external pH, by greter than or equal to 10 (-6) M CCCP to 30--40% of the control level of about 1.1 nmol ATP per mg dryweight within 5 min. 3. Upon addition of 10 (-4) M CCCP at 20 degrees C the ATP-level declines exponentially with a half time of about 20- 30 s, whereas the membrane potential declines exponentially with a half time of about 2--3 s. 4. At pH 7.2 the electrical membrane conductance yields a sigmoid curve as a function of the logarithm of the CCCP concentration between 10 (-8) and 3 - 10 (-6) M. On the other hand, at 3 - 10(-7) M M CCCP the gm (electrical slope conductance, muS - cm-2 = 10 (-6)-omega-1-cm-2) versus pH-curve displays an optimum between pH 6.5 and 7.5. 5. We conclude that CCCP acts upon membrane potential and conductance in Riccia predominantly by inducing a passive proton permeability of the cell membrane, i.e. CCCP raises the permeability ratio, PH/PK, more than 100-fold above its control level of about 10. PMID- 831790 TI - Light scattering and excitation in lobster giant axon. Effects of ion substitution. AB - Changes in the light scattering signal from single giant axons of lobster were observed during the propagation of the action potential in order to correlate membrane excitability with possible structural changes reflected in the optical properties of the axolemma. Substitution of guanidine and aminoguanidine for sodium resulted in a decreased action potential amplitude to 69 and 50% of control values, respectively. The amplitude of the light signal was, however, not significantly changed by these substitutions and is, therefore, reported to be independent of the transmembrane potential and current. The venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus caused a marked prolongation of the action potential and the light scattering signal without significantly altering their amplitudes. A two-state model of the early (sodium) activation channel is suggested, in which the light scattering signal is correlated with a possible difference in the scattering efficiency between the states of the channel. PMID- 831791 TI - Vibrational Raman spectra of lipid systems containing amphotericin B. AB - Resonance-enhanced and normal vibrational Raman spectra were observed for both multilamellar and single-wall vesicle assemblies of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine containing amphotericin B, a channel-forming polyene antibiotic, and cholesterol. The decrease in the frequency of the polyene antibiotic C = C stretching mode at 1556 cm-1 and the increase in intensity of the C-C-H in-plane deformation mode at 1002 cm-1 indicate that amphotericin B is ordered in a lipid-cholesterol medium similarly to the solid, but is surrounded by a slightly more polar environment. The intensity of the C = C stretching mode I1556 decreases 4-fold during the broadened gel to liquid crystalline phase transition (16--32 degrees C) of dimyristoyl lecithin-cholesterol (4 : 1) multilayers. Other resonance-enhanced vibrations of amphotericin B exhibit similar behavior. For amphotericin B in pure dimyristoyl lecithin multilayer or vesicle systems, however, the vibrational intensity associated with the C = C stretching mode remains constant during the melting of lipid hydrocarbon chains. In addition, a third effect occurs in liquid crystalline egg lecithin-cholesterol (4 : 1, mol ratio) multilayers in which I 1556 first increases by 25% between 3 and 25 degrees C, in parallel with the loss of active channels, and then remains constant as the temperature increases from 25 to 42 degrees C. This latter intensity pattern is masked in the dimyristoyl lecithin-cholesterol system by the overwhelming effect upon the C = C mode from changes in the lipid chain packing characteristics which occur during the phase transition. The broadened phase transition in 4 : 1 dimyristoyl lecithin-cholesterol multilayers (16--32 degrees C), as followed by the ratio of intensities at 2880 and 2850 cm-1 (asymmetric and symmetric methylene C-H stretching modes, respectively) is slightly narrowed by the addition of amphotericin B, and effect from which a binding stoichiometry at 24 degrees of 1 : 1 amphotericin B: cholesterol is estimated. This stoichiometry was confirmed by differential calorimetric scans, which also show the presence of a peak proportional to cholesterol content. Raman I2880/2850 peak height ratios in pure dimyristoyl lecithin bilayers were increased over the 14--38 degrees C range by amphotericin B, a spectral effect which suggests an ordering of the lipid matrix perhaps as a consequence of the polyene binding to the bilayer surface. For bilayers containing cholesterol, the ratios of intensities of the 2935 cm-1 feature, composed mainly of acyl chain terminal methyl and underlying methylene C-H stretching modes, to the 2850 cm-1 feature are significantly increased by amphotericin B. This effect indicates that the antibiotic penetrates the bilayer in the lipid-sterol system. PMID- 831792 TI - Diffusional water permeability of red cells. Independence on osmolality. AB - The osmotic permeability coefficient (Lp) for human red cells has been reported to depend on the osmolality of the suspending solution. These results are also consistent with the view that the value of Lp depends on flow rectification. In this report an NMR method is used to measure the dependence of water exchange times at constant cell volume on osmolality. Our results indicate that the diffusion water permeability is constant over a large range of osmolality (300 1000 mosM) produced by the permeable solutes urea, methanol, ethanol, and glycerol. The results support the view that the apparent dependence of Lp on osmolality is due to flow rectification. PMID- 831793 TI - Some physical properties of adrenal medulla chromaffin granules isolated by a new continuous iso-osmotic density gradient method. AB - Centrifugation of crude preparations of chromaffin granules on iso-osmotic continuous gradients of sucrose and metrizamide produce granule fractions of high purity without pelleting. These granules have a buoyant density of 1.123 at 300 mosM, which increases to 1.222 at 1800 mosM. Exchange of water for 2H2O greatly increases the density of the granules. An apparent water space for the granules can be calculated from the difference in density in 2H2O and water. The water space of 0.63 at 300 mosM diminishes as the osmolality of the suspension medium is increased, suggesting that the granule membrane is a good osmometer and that the core contains a large osmotically active water space. Other separation methods for chromaffin granules are discussed in terms of these results. PMID- 831794 TI - Correlation of physical and morphological parameters with release of catecholamines, ATP, and protein from adrenal medulla chromaffin granules. AB - Exchanging 0.3 M sucrose for 0.3 M glycerol as the bathing medium for isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin granules at 0 degrees C or raising the temperature of granules suspended in 0.3 M sucrose to 37 degrees C causes the release of catecholamines, ATP and soluble protein stored in the granules. These treatments also reduce the turbidity (absorbance at a non-absorbing wavelength) of the same suspensions. The glycerol-induced release is shown by morphology and morphometry to be due to lysis of the granules. Advantage is taken of the difference in density of the intact granules and the granule ghosts to confirm this result by centrifugation of glycerol-incubated samples on continuous gradients of sucrose and metrizamide. Similar centrifugation experiments performed on the granules incubated in sucrose at 37 degrees C show that lysis also accounts for the fast phase of release of granule contents, and not graded selective release of material from otherwise intact granules. PMID- 831795 TI - Membrane mediated link between ion transport and metabolism in human red cells. AB - When 10(-6) M oubain is added to human red cell that have been incubated without glucose for two hours, there is a significant shift in the 31P nuclear magnetic resonances of both phosphate groups of cellular 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, which is not found in control cells incubated with glucose. This means that an effect induced by ouabain on the outside of the red cell membrane is transmitted through the membrane to alter the environment of an intracellular metabolite. Experiments with glycolytic cycle inhibitors have indicated that the intracellular ligand responsible for the resonance shifts is monophosphoglycerate mutase which requires 2,3-diphosphoglycerate as a cofactor for the reaction it catalyzes. To account for this finding a hypothesis is presented that the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in human red cells is linked to monophosphoglycerate mutase through the agency of phosphoglycerate kinase. Evidence is presented for the existence of phosphoglycerate kinase/monophosphoglycerate mutase in solution. It is shown that this complex can interact with the cytoplasmic face of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase at the outside surface of inside out red cell vesicles, and that this interaction is inhibited when 10(-6) M ouabain is contained within the vesicle. Neither monophosphoglycerate mutase nor phosphoglycerate kinase is significantly bound to the inside surface of the intact human red cell, but glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is; it is shown that this enzyme also interacts with the cytoplasmic face of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and that the interaction is inhibited by 10(-6) M ouabain. PMID- 831796 TI - An analysis of the X-ray interchain peak profile in dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine. AB - The primary X-ray peak profile characterizing the interchain structure in the dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine membrane has been measured as a function of temperature. The scattering between 23 and 34.6 degrees C is characterized by an asymmetric crystalline reflection accounting for 85% of the total intensity, the remaining 15% being liquid-like in character. At a pre-transition temperature of 34.6 degrees C, the reflection profile becomes (nearly) symmetrical, indicating a change in tilt angle of the chains with respect to the membrane surface. This change is accompanied by an increase of 20% in the amount of liquid-like scattering, indicating that the pre-transition mechanism includes a partial melting of the chains. At the melting point, 41.5 degrees C, the crystalline reflection disappears, and the liquid component of the scattering increases to a point where it includes all the scattered intensity. The relative values of the integrated intensities at each temperature are tabulated, and the significance of the peak widths and shapes are discussed. PMID- 831797 TI - Lipid phase transitions in model biomembranes. The effect of ions on phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the endothermic phase behaviour of some model biomembranes (i.e. phosphatidylcholine-water systes) in the presence of a wide range of alkaline, alkaline earth and heavy metal salts. Studies and comparisons were made of both cation and anion effects. Shifts occur in the temperatures of both the pre-transition and main transition endotherms. The observed shifts are smaller than those which have been reported for charged lipids, and no evidence has been found for the formation of specific complexes. Electron microscopic studies on freez-fractured dispersions of phosphatidylcholine-water-salt systems show that with some salts the typical rippled surface observed with L-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, when in the gel state, is replaced by a smooth surface. PMID- 831798 TI - Transport across epithelia. A kinetic evaluation. AB - Compartmental analysis of three models for solute transport across epithelial tissue is presented. The simplest model describes only one tissue compartment, the second incorporates the notion of a pore as a parallel pathway and the third model introduces a serial compartment corresponding to non-epithelial portions of the tissue. Experimental data were obtained, using a modified Ussing and Zerahn technique ((1951 Acta Physiol. Scand. 23, 110-127), for salicylate transport across rat jejunum in vitro and analyzed in terms of these three models. The conclusions based solely on the mathematical analysis of this rather simple experiment are: the tissue is not a homogeneous penetration barrier as often considered. Transport is not limited by unstirred layers either at the tissue surfaces or within the tissue itself. Salicylate is not passively transported. Parallel transport pathways do exist. PMID- 831799 TI - Effect of inhibitors on the sigmoidicity of the calcium ion transport kinetics in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The kinetic plot (initial rate of Ca2+ transport versus concentration) of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport is hyperbolic in a sucrose medium. The plot becomes sigmoidal in the presence of competitive inhibitors of Ca2+ binding to low affinity sites of the membrane surface such as Mg2+ and K+. The plot also becomes sigmoidal in the presence of Ba2+. Ba2+ is a competitive inhibitor of both Ca2+ transport and Ca2+ binding to the low affinity sites. The 5i for the inhibition of Ca2+ transport by Ba2+ increases in the presence of K+ and Mg2+, which suggests a competition for the low affinity sites between the cations. The plot is still hyperbolic in the presence of La3+, which inhibits Ca2+ transport competitively. Ruthenium red which is a pure non-competitive inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, does not affect the shape of the kinetic plot. These results indicate that the surface potential, which depends on the ions bound to the low affinity sites, determines whether the kinetics of Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is sigmoidal or hyperbolic. PMID- 831800 TI - Iron uptake by immature erythroid cells. Mechanism of dependence on metabolic energy. AB - The mechanism by which the utilization of transferrin-bound iron is linked with cellular metabolism was investigated using rabbit reticulocytes and bone marrow cells. The rate of metabolism was altered by the use of inhibitors which act at different sites in the metabolic pathway (NaF, sodium fluoroacetate, rotenone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, NaCN) and by the addition of metabolic substrates (inosine, sodium pyruvate, sodium lactate). Measurements were made of the rates of iron and transferrin uptake and, in many of the experiments of cellular ATP and NADH concentrations. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the rate of iron uptake and the ATP concentration of the cells, but no correlation was found with the NADH concentration. The rate of transferrin uptake was inhibited to a lesser degree than that of iron uptake, and only when the ATP concentration had fallen below that necessary to inhibit iron uptake. It is concluded that the rate of uptake of transferrin-bound iron by immature erythroid cells is dependent on the intracellular concentration of ATP but is independent of the NADH concentration. PMID- 831801 TI - The effect of pressure on the electrical breakdown in the membranes of Valonia utricularis. AB - The interpretation of electrical breakdown in terms of electro-mechanical instabilities, predicts that the breakdown potential should decrease with increasing cell turgor pressure. Experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis on cells of Valonia utricularis over a turgor pressure range of 0.5 10(5)-5.0-10(5) N/m2. Electrical breakdown was measured using intracellular electrodes and 500 mus current pulses. The pressure was monitored by an intracellular micropipette pressure transducer. The results obtained show a linear decrease in the critical breakdown potential with pressure. The effective compressive modulus of the cell membrane, gamma, is calculated from the slope of this line to 69+/-10-10(5) N/m2 (average value of seven measurements). This is consistent with the theoretical prediction of the electromechanical model using our previously determined values of the elastic modulus of the membrane. A theoretical analysis is given of the effects of pressure on the breakdown, This includes also considerations of the indirect effect of pressure on the membrane via stretching of the cell wall with a possible coupling of such strains to the cell membrane. The results and analysis presented allow us to conclude on the basis of the experimentally determined breakdown P.K. of 959 mV that the region of membrane where electrical breakdown occurs is a dielectric with one of the following combinations of parameters: (A) a thickness delta=7-9 nm with a dielectric constant epsilon=greater than 10, e.g. a hydrated protein spanning the whole membrane. (B) delta=4-5 nm with epsilon=3-8, e.g. a lipoprotein of lipid bilayer dimensions. (C) delta approximately 2 nm with epsilon=2-3, e.g. a half lipid bilayer. If we assume that the breakdown P.D. of the tonoplast and plasmalemma are identical, that is 480 mV, then there is only one reasonable choice for the membrane thickness and the dielectric constant: delta=2 nm, epsilon=3-8, e.g. a (lipo) proteinaceous module facing a half life lipid bilayer. PMID- 831803 TI - Effect of angiotensin II on artificial lipid membranes. AB - (5-Isoleucine)-angiotensin II applied to black lipid membranes produced current fluctuations varying between deltaG=5-10(-11) omega-1 and 3.5-10(-10) omega(-1). These fluctuations depend on the voltage and the hydrostatic pressure. The membrane resistance is lowered by deltaR=6.1-10(7) omega-cm2. With (5-isoleucine, 8-leucine)-angiotensin II the jumps are of a single amplitude (deltaG=2-10(-10) omega(-1)). In both cases water and ions are transported across the membrane. PMID- 831802 TI - Regulatin of uridine uptake by serum and insulin in density-inhibited 3T3 cells. AB - Stimulation of nucleoside uptake in quiescent 3T3 cells by insulin and serum is preceded by a substantial lag phase. Our findings point to the length of the lag phase as a major target for regulation. The length of such phase varies markedly with the concentration of insulin (10(-9)-10(-6) M) or serum (0.5-10%) but it is not eliminated by high saturating levels of the activating agents. Further, variations in the temperature at which the stimulation process occurs (24-39 degrees C), addition of compounds like prostaglandin E1 (1-5 mug/ml) or theophylline (0.4 mM) and differences in the age of the cultures primarily affect the length of the lag time while the final uptake rates achieved are remarkably constant. Analysis of the temporal order of the events in the lag phase reveals that there is a discrete temperature-sensitive period located in the early and middle part of the lag, while the prostaglandin E1-sensitive step(s) appear to be toward the end of the lag. The transition from the basal to the stimulated rate of uptake is abrupt. Indeed, the kinetics of activation does not fit a sample exponential law but a high power of an exponential, suggesting that the switching mechanism involves cooperative steps. Since the transition is abrupt, the nucleoside uptake system exists largely in two alternative states either switched off or on. The regulation of the lag period is by the control of the time at which this switch occurs. On the basis of the data presented here, we propose a working hypothesis of uptake stimulation. PMID- 831804 TI - Transverse asymmetry of phospholipids in subcellular membranes of rat liver. AB - Subcellular membranes isolated from rat liver in a form impermeable to macromolecules were treated with phospholipase A2 from Naja naja venom. The phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and about half of the phosphatidylcholine of microsomes, Golgi membranes, inner mitochondrial membranes, lysosomes and nuclear membranes were hydrolyzed. It is proposed that these phospholipids are localized in the outer surface of the membrane bilayer, which represents the cytoplasmic side in the living cell, while the remaining phosphatidylcholine and most of the phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin and cardiolipin may be assigned to the inner side of the bilayer. PMID- 831806 TI - The role of enzyme degradation in enzyme turnover during tissue differentiation. AB - 1. The role of enzyme degradation in enzyme turnover during tissue differentiation has been investigated by the use of equations based on the model of Berlin and Schimke (Mol. Pharmacol. 1 (1965) 149-156). 2. A digital computer has been used to calculate the change in enzyme amounts which would result from different changes in the rates of synthesis and degradation of an enzyme during cell differentiation. The energetics of these alternative processes have been compared. 3. The results demonstrate that changes in the rates of synthesis and degradation of an enzyme after a differentiation stimulus enhance the flexibility and rapidity of changes in enzyme amount during enzyme accumulation. Decreases in the rate of degradation of an enzyme during enzyme accumulation lead to a considerable saving of energy. 4. Hypotheses are proposed to account for the different modes of turnover of protein subgroups during cytodifferentiation in terms of specific changes in the rates of synthesis and degradation of the subgroups. PMID- 831805 TI - D-Glucosamine uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 831807 TI - Distribution of estrogen receptors in hen oviduct chromatin fractions in the course of DNAase II digestion. AB - Hen oviduct chromatin was digested with DNAase II and two fractions were isolated: MgCl2-insoluble chromatin and MgCl2-soluble chromatin. The former contained 14 and 50% of the total DNA after a digestion time of 3 and 30 min, respectively. The fraction was characterized in sucrose gradients by a peak sedimenting at 11S. In the course of DNAase digestion this fraction lost most of its estrogen receptors as assayed by [3H]estradiol exchange reaction. The specific radioactivity of chromatin was particularly low in the 11S region. The MgCl2-soluble chromatin contained at most 5.1% of the total DNA. In sucrose gradients the fraction displayed peaks at 4S and 14S. After a 30 min DNAase digestion the specific radioactivity of chromatin in this fraction exceeded that of the MgCl2-insoluble fraction 7.7 fold. Material sedimenting at 14 S and at larger S values was enriched in estrogen receptors. The results suggest that estrogen receptors are unevenly distributed on hen oviduct chromain. PMID- 831809 TI - Reassociation kinetics of polyploid hepatocyte DNA. AB - The state of ploidy of 4c hepatocytes is examined by kinetic analysis of DNA reassociation. The nucleotide sequences present in 4c hepatocyte DNA are found to be complementary to, and present in the same relative abundance as, those of the normal diploid genome. Therefore, these experiments indicate that the increased DNA content of 4c hepatocytes is due to the presence of four haploid genomes and not to selective replication of a subfraction of the diploid genome. The concept of ploidy, typically defined in terms of karyotypic and/or DNA content multiples is thus corroborated and extended by these experiments. PMID- 831808 TI - Analysis of rabbit brain polysomal poly (A+) mRNA by DNA excess hybridization. AB - DNA sequence representation in rabbit brain mRNA was examined by DNA excess hybridization. purified polysomal poly (A+) mRNA was labeled in vitro with [3H] dimethyl sulfate and reacted at DNA: RNA ratios of 5000 : 1 and 30 000 : 1. Poly(A+) mRNA hybridizied mainly to nonrepeated DNA with a smaller kinetic component which was complementary to repeated DNA sequences. The latter component was not due to nuclear or ribosomal RNA contamination. Poly(A-) RNA purified from brain polysomes hybridized to excess DNA as a single repeated component. Thermal denaturation profiles of the RNA - DNA hybrids indicated a high degree of fidelity in base pairing. PMID- 831810 TI - Positions of single-strand breaks in lambda DNA. PMID- 831811 TI - The production and repair of double strand breaks in cells from normal humans and from patients with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - The production and repair of double strand breaks induced by gamma-rays in the DNA of human fibroblasts have been measured by sedimentation in sucrose radients under non-denaturing conditions. Unirradiated DNA formed a rapidly sedimenting gel. Low doses of radiation released freely sedimenting DNA molecules from this gel. Higher doses reduced the rate of sedimentation of the free DNA due to the introduction of double strand breaks. The breakage efficiency was 1 break/1.3 X 10(10) daltons of DNA/krad. Postirradiation incubation after a high dose of radiation resulted in an increase in molecular weight of the free DNA molecules, and after a low dose the rapidly-sedimenting gel was reformed. The data suggest that double strand breaks are repaired in human fibroblasts. No significant differences were found between fibroblasts from two normal donors and four patients with the radiosensitive disorder, ataxia telangiectasia, in either the production or repair of double strand breaks. PMID- 831812 TI - Fractionation of the sequence organization of human DNA by preparative HgCl2/Cs2SO4 density gradients. AB - Human DNA has been fractionated on preparative HgCl2/Cs2SO4 density gradients. Repetitious sequences are found in DNA components of all base compositions but the (G + C)-rich sequences are enriched for repetitive sequences in (A + T)-rich components are tandemly arranged; those in (G + C)-rich components tend to be interspersed with single copy sequences. It is concluded that the interspersed repetitious sequences have high (G + C) compositions. PMID- 831813 TI - Nucleotide sequence organisation in the rye genome. AB - Nucleotide sequence organisation in the genome of rye, Secale cereale, has been studied using renaturation kinetics and S1 nuclease digestion of the renatured products. Approximately 25 to 30% of the genome consists of very slowly renaturing, possibly single copy sequences. Most, if not all, of these sequences are interspersed between repeated sequences and are between 400 and 3500 nucleotide pairs long. Approximately 70 to 75% of the genome consists of repeated sequences. The more highly diverged repeated sequences (30% of the genome) which fail to renature under highly stringent renaturation conditions range from 500 to more than 5000 base pairs long and are interspersed in the chromosomes with less diverged repeated sequences (40% of the genome) which are usually less than 800 nucleotide pairs long. Four percent of the genome consists of very rapidly reannealing sequences which may be inverted duplications. These sequences may be in clusters distributed through at least 30% of the genome. PMID- 831814 TI - Variation of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activities during avian erythropoiesis. AB - Amounts of DNA polymerase alpha and beta were determined in extracts of chicken erythroid cells at various stages of development. Concentrations of both polymerase activities are high in erythroblasts which are still dividing, decline after the cells cease dividing and begin maturation, and become almost undetectable in the fully mature erythrocytes. While DNA polymerase alpha activity declines gradually, firmly bound DNA polymerase beta activity in the nuclei drops abruptly after the cells finish DNA synthesis and dividing. The amount of a low molecular weight DNA polymerase extractable with the cytoplasmic fraction, possibly DNA polymerase beta, is low in erythroblasts, increases in the more mature erythroid population and then declines to an undectable level in the fully mature erythrocytes. PMID- 831815 TI - Age-associated structural alterations in senescent mouse brain DNA. AB - The maintenance of structural integrity in the DNA of aging mice has been examined with the amin in view of determining whether changes in genome structure constitute the molecular basis of aging. Cell lysate DNA from brains of differently aged mice was subjected to alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation. The results show that brain DNA from young mice sediments mondispersely while that from senescent mice exhibits polydisperse sedimentation patterns, bainding in four peaks corresponding to number-average molecular weights of 1.4-10(8), 70 10(6), 15-10(6) and 3-10(6). When treated with nuclease S1, it was the 30 month mouse DNA whose sedimentation shifted to the top of the gradient indicating a reduction in its molecular weight as a result of nuclease digestion. The apparent increase in single strand breaks implies that the rate of breakage in old mouse brain DNA is faster than that of repair replication. The conclusion is drawn that senescence could result from an accumulation of defects in the genome. PMID- 831816 TI - The effect of vitamin A deficiency on testicular transfer RNA methyltransferase activity. AB - Testicular transfer RNA methyltransferase activity was examined in normal and vitamin A-deficient rats. The specific activity was reduced by 50% in the vitamin A-deficient rats. In addition, a 5-fold decrease in the extent of tRNA methylation was observed with enzyme preparations from deficient testes. Both the rate and extent of tRNA methylation returned to control levels in vitamin A repleted rats. In contrast, retinoic acid repletion did not reverse the effect of vitamin A deficiency on testicular tRNA methyltransferase activity. The methylated nucleoside composition of tRNA methylated by extracts of vitamin A deficient testes was altered dramatically compared to that of tRNA methylated by control testicular enzymes. Decreased testicular tRNA methyltransferase activity was noted in midly deficient rats before the onset of testicular degeneration suggesting that the decreased tRNA methyltransferase activity in the testes is primarily the result of vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 831817 TI - Translation of poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-free messenger RNA for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a plant-specific protein, in a reticulocyte lysate. PMID- 831818 TI - Synthesis and soluble pools of ribosomal proteins in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. AB - The specific antibodies prepared against two purified ribosomal proteins (19 and 24) and total 66-S ribosomal proteins have been utilized to measure free ribosomal proteins in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The free ribosomal protein pool (66 S) amounts to 1-2% of the total soluble proteins of R. palustris. In addition, the size of free ribosomal protein pool (66 S) is calculated to be approx. 7% of the total ribosomal protein on the mature 66-S ribosomes from the pulse-labelling data. A study of the pool size indicates that ribosomal proteins are synthesized at a constant rate during exponential growth. However, during abnormal conditions such as antibiotic treatment, individual ribosomal proteins behave in a manner distinct from the average behavior of total 66-S ribosomal proteins. The co-ordination in the biosynthesis of free ribosomal proteins is no longer apparent during dhloramphenicol treatment. Measurements on the free ribosomal protein pools following physiological stress treatment indicate that during the recovery period, rate of ribosome assembly is greater than the rate of ribosomal protein synthesis. PMID- 831819 TI - The phosphorylation of the ribosomal proteins of Krebs II ascites cells. PMID- 831820 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis by ethanol in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. PMID- 831821 TI - Poly(8-oxyadenylic acid). PMID- 831822 TI - Platinum - dimethylsulphoxide as a specific nucleic acid reagent for base sequence determination by electron microscopy. AB - The reaction of platinum (II) - dimethylsulphoxide complex with the bases of the nucleic acids were investigated with a new towards their use as heavy atom markers for base sequence determination by electron microscopy. Both at pH 6.0 and pH 7.5 one platinum atom was bound simultaneously to the pyrimidines and two to adenine, while at the lower pH one platinum, and at the higher pH, two platinum atoms were bound to guanine. The stain therefore appears to be useful to determine the guanine and adenine sequence in single strands of RNA and DNA. Where complementary strands are available the complete sequence determination of all four bases should be possible. PMID- 831823 TI - Theoretical study of the hydration of B-DNA. AB - A theoretical study of the hydration of the B-form of DNA has been carried out using empirical potential energy functions. In the first stage the hydration scheme of a model compound representing the B-DNA has been determined and the results have been shown to agree to a large extent with those of refined ab initio SCF computations. In the second stage, the stabilization energy due to the presence of water in the first hydration shell was computed by considering the hydrated helix as a supermolecule. The computations indicate appreciable stabilization. The different components contributing to the overall stabilization are determined and analysed. PMID- 831824 TI - Discoordination of ribosomal RNA metabolism during metabolic shifts of Spirodela plants. AB - The effects of metabolic shifts on nucleic acid syntheses have been widely studied in prokaryotes, but not in plants because of a paucity of suitable systems. Spirodela (Duckweed) was thus used to ascertain the response of the nucleocytoplasmic (nc) and plastid ribosomal RNA metabolisms to partial and total carbon deprivation. The 0.56 X 10(6) Mr plastid rRNA is the one species of RNA most affected by metabolic shifts; unlike other species, its appearance is delayed by deprivation and it appears more rapidly than other species on transfer from dark to light. The data suggest a discoordination between the transcription and processing of plastid ribosomal precursors. Incorporation into all nc and plastid rRNAs was severely reduced and all rRNA precursors accumulated in green plants that were completely deprived of carbon by transferring to the dark, without sucrose. The amounts of nc and plastid precursors transcribed readjusted to the reduced amounts processed to mature RNA only after long periods in the dark with sucrose. This delay involved the formation of new colorless plants. Less plastid RNAs, compared to nc RNAs are found in the dark steady state. PMID- 831825 TI - Analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of liver ribosomal subunnit proteins obtained from free and membrane-bound polysomes of unfasted animals. AB - Ribosomal proteins were analyzed by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. To insure that the analysis included only that fraction of the ribosome actively participating in protein synthesis, only polysomal-bound ribosomes were used. This differs from previously reported analyses of liver ribosomal proteins. The ribosomal proteins were prepared from ribosomes of polysomal origin from membrane bound and free polysomes. Membrane-bound and free liver polysomes were isolated from unfasted mice. The polysomes were purified on hydroxyapatite under conditions known to result in polysomes and ribosomes that are active in both endogenous and synthetic mRNA translation. Moreover, this is the first time that liver ribosomal protein was obtained and analyzed from animals that have not been starved prior to sacrifice. The puromycin-released ribosomes were dissociated into subunits and ribosomal proteins were analyzed by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When 100-200 mug samples of the ribosomal subunit proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, approximately 32 major proteins were detected for the 60 S ribosomal subunit and 25 major proteins for the 40 S ribosomal subunit. A total of 13 "fractional" ribosomal proteins was also detected in the ribosomal subunit profiles. No differences in number or mobility of the ribosomal proteins were found between the membrane bound and free ribosome populations. We describe a system in which all ribosomal proteins are completely solubilized and quantitatively move from the first to the second dimension gel. Thus the total sample is separated and fractionated. This procedure elimates artifacts due to incomplete solubilization of ribosomal proteins, which is common for the transfer from the first- to second-dimension gel. Therefore, a more detailed and accurate analysis is achieved. PMID- 831826 TI - Effects of amines on macromolecular methylation. AB - Histone methylation by extracts of rat brain or liver was inhibited and tRNA methylation stimulated by the addition of a number of naturally occurring polyamines. The effect was age independent although the methylase activities are highly age-related. Spermine and/or histamine stimulated methylation of cytosine and adenine to a far grease activity, were more sensitive to inhibition by adenosine than were liver extracts. Adenosine inhibited the methylation of guanine to a greater extent than of cytosine or adenine. Methylation of both tRNA and histone by liver enzyme was inhibited by L-dopa, dopamine and epinephrine. Methylation by brain enzyme was also blocked, but less extensively. The response of liver extracts to these catecholamines was highly age-related. The phenolic amines, octopamine, synephrine, serotonin and tyramine, stimulated tRNA methylation slightly while inhibiting histone methylation by both liver and brain extracts and these effects showed no age dependency. Analysis of the data suggests that most of these compounds do not act by competing for the available S adenosylmethionine. PMID- 831827 TI - Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of tRNA methylation by 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylamine. AB - A Lineweaver-Burk analysis of a kinetic study of tRNA methylation by a 30-50% (NH4)2SO4 fraction from a weanling rat liver extract showed competitive inhibition with a Km for S-adenosylmethionine = 0.66 - 10(-6) M and a Ki for 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) = 4 - 10(-5) M. The dopamine-inhibited methylation of tRNA appears to be linear with time. Rapid-flow dialysis studies indicated a S-adenosylmethionine binding constant of 0.65 - 10(-6) M. Dopamine appeared to interfere with the binding of S-adenosylmethionine to the weanling rat liver protein preparation but did not affect the binding of S adenosylmethionine to protein in several systems in which dopamine did not inhibit tRNA methylase activity. PMID- 831828 TI - A macromolecular inhibitor of rat liver DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. PMID- 831829 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis by temperature in mammalian cells. Non involvement of the plasma membrane. PMID- 831830 TI - A simple method for calculating Km and V from a single enzyme reaction progress curve. AB - A method of calculating Km and V from a single reaction progress curve is presented. The integrated Michaelis-Menten equation Vt = So + Km 1n(So/S), may be rearranged to the form 1/v = 1/V + Km/VS, where v = (Si - Sj)/deltat = deltaS/deltat and S = (Si - Sj)/ln(Si/Sj) or S is approximated by (Si + Sj)/2.Si and Sj represent substrate concentrations at two points along a reaction progress curve separated by the time interval, deltat. The error resulting from the approximation depends on the magnitude of deltaSi/Si; when deltaSi/Si less than 0.3, the error is insignificant; when deltaSi/Si greater than 0.3, the error becomes significant. Procedures are presented to correct this error. Simulated data and application to the direct spectrophotometric assay of AMP aminohydrolase and the lactate dehydrogenase coupled assay of pyruvate kinase are provided. The method is recommended when routine Km and V values are desired. Compared to the initial rate method, it is faster, requires less substrate, and eliminates pipetting errors. PMID- 831831 TI - Competition between substrates for acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase. AB - The kinetics of competition of pairs of two substrates for bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) and horse serum cholinesterase (acylcholine acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) was studied so that the hydrolysis of only one substrate was measured at a time. The substrates were acetylthiocholine, were used as competiting substrates i.e. inhibitors. The substrate inhibition constants (Kss) and Michaelis constants for the reaction of a single substrate were also determined. It was concluded that the substrate inhibition site in the enzyme does not show up in the competition between two substrates. PMID- 831833 TI - Enzymatic sulfation of bile salts. Partial purification and characterization of an enzyme from rat liver that catalyzes the sulfation of bile salts. AB - An enzyme system which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate group from 3' phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to bile salts has been identified and characterized from rat liver. The enzyme is present in the cytosol fraction of liver cells. The apparent Km value for 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate was 8 - 10(-6) M andhat for taurolithocholate was 5 - 10(-5) M. Sulfation occurred with conjugated as well as unconjugated bile salts, however, the rate of sulfation was higher with conjugated than unconjugated. The enzyme was present in rat liver and kidney, but not detectable in brain, lung, heart, spleen or intestinal mucosa. The activity is completely inhibited by p chloromercuribenzoate indicating the enzyme requires a sulfhydryl group for activity. A molecular weight of 130 000 was estimated by gel-filtration technique and the enzyme shows an isoelectric point of 5.3. PMID- 831832 TI - Calf thymus alkaline phosphatase. II. Interaction with detergents. AB - 1. A number of detergents were used to dissolve calf thymus plasma membranes rich in alkaline phosphatase (orthophosporic-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) activity. 2. The Stokes' radius (r) of alkaline phosphatase in each detergent was measured by gel filtraton. The size of the solubilized enzyme varied from r = 6.2 nm in sodium cholate to r = 8.3 nm in Berol EMU-043. With N-alkylsulphates, the apparent size increased with alkyl chain length, with r = 6.4 nm (C9) and r = 7.3 nm (C12). Tween 20 failed to solubilise the enzyme. 3. The effect of each detergent on the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined. The non-ionic detergents Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, Berol EMU 043, Tween 20 and the zwitterionic detergent Empigen BB increased V by 10--50% without substantially altering the Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate. The bile salts sodium deoxycholate and sodium cholate decreased V and increased the apparent affinity of the enzyme for nitrophenylphosphate. Inhibition was concentration dependent up to the critical micellar concentration, above which it remained constant (deoxycholate, 33% cholate, 76%). Alkylsulphates (C8-12) had no significant inhibitory effect during 24 h at 23 degrees C. 4. Exchanging one detergent for another altered alkaline phosphatase activity to a state characteristic for the second detergent, e.g. the activity of cholate-inhibited alkaline phosphatase was restored to normal levels by excess of Triton X-100 and vice versa. The inhibitory effect of deoxycholate and cholate therefore result primarily from interactions between detergent and alkaline phosphate, rather than from selective removal of lipids from the enzyme. 5. Pure lecithin, lysolecithin and an ether-deoxylysolecithin each reactivated cholate-inhibited alkaline phosphatase in a concentration-dependent fashion. Cholesterol had no effect. 6. The half-life (t1/2) of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase at 55 degrees C was 64 min. With the exception of Berol, solubilisation in non-ionic detergents caused no marked change in this sensitivity. The enzyme became more labile in deoxycholate (t1/2) = 31 min), but less labile in cholate (t1/2 = 99 min). Alkylsulphates, which are strong denaturants, markedly increased the sensitivity of the enzyme to heat-inactivation (C8, t1/2 = 13 min; C9--12, t1/2 less than 2 min). 7. It is concluded that membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase is separated from most if not all of its neighbouring lipid moieties by these detergents, which bind to the solubilised enzyme. The number and character of molecules binding to the enzyme influence its size and shape, its susceptibility to inactivation and its catalytic activity. PMID- 831834 TI - Isolation of cathepsin D from human leucocytes. AB - Acid and neutral protease activities were determined in the granule fractions of polymorpho and mononuclear leucocytes, separated from human blood by means of a discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The mononuclear leucocytes contained only acid protease while preparations from polymorphonuclear leucocytes showed a predominant activity at neutral pH with a small peak in the acid range. A separation of the acid from the neutral enzyme could be obtained in the granule fraction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes by means of DEAE chomatography. The acid enzyme was then purified from a mixture of leucocytes, more than 400 times, by means of gel chromatography with Sephadex G-200 superfine. The purified acid protease showed an optimum pH of 3.6, had a molecular weight at 42 000 and was characterized by a single protein band (Rf = 0.31) by disc-gel electrophoresis. With all probability this enzyme can be classified as cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4.23). PMID- 831835 TI - Inhibition of subtilisin BPN' with peptide chloromethyl ketones. AB - The kinetics of the reaction of a series of peptide chloromethyl ketones with subtilisin BPN' (EC 3.4.21.14) were investigated in order to correlate the rates of reaction in solution with the number of interactions which are observed in the cystallographic model of the inhibited enzyme (Robertus, J.D., Alden, R.A., Birktoft, J.J., Powers, J.C. and Wilcox, P.E. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 2439- 2449). The second-order rate constant kobs/[I], measured at pH 7.0 in 9% 1,2 dimethoxyethane at 30 degress C, varied by a factor of 5900 from the slowest (Z TrpCH2Cl) to the fastest inhibitor (Ac-Phe-Gly-Ala-LeuCH2Cl). Inhibitors with a P1 leucine or phenylalanine residue are equally effective. The increased reactivity of inhibitors containing alanine as the P2 residue is the result of a favorable contact between the methyl side chain of the alanyl residue and the S2 subsite of subtilisin. This result correlates nicely with the previously observed "secondary specificity" of subtilisin for substrates with alanine as the P2 residue. Teetrapeptide and tripeptide chloromethyl ketone inhibitors have kobs/[I] values of over 100-fold greater than those of most dipeptide and amino acid chloromethyl ketones. This again agress with the crystallographic model since tripeptide and tetrapeptide inhibitors could form a beta-sheet structure involving three or four hydrogen bonds with the enzyme while the others would form fewer hydrogen bonds. The S4 subsite of subtilisin exhibits a distinct preference for aromatic groups and our four most reactive inhibitors (Ac-Phe-Gly Aca-LeuCH2Cl, Z-Gly-PheCH2Cl, Z-Gly-Gly-LeuCH2Cl, and Boc-Ala-Gly-PheCH2Cl) have either an aromatic (or a large hydrophobic) group as the P4 residue. The results demonstrate that the solution reactivity of peptide chloromethyl ketones can be explained on the basis of the crystal structures of chloromethyl ketone-inhibited substilisin derivatives and that substrate hydrolysis rates can be used to design effective chloromethyl ketone inhibitors for serine proteases. PMID- 831836 TI - Structural and functional determinants of Mucor miehei protease VI. Inactivation of the enzyme by diazoacetyl norleucine methyl esters, pepstatin and 1,2-epoxy 30(p-nitro-phenyoxy)propane. AB - Mucor miehei protease (EC 3.4.21 -- ), an acid protease of fungal origin, was rapidly inhibited at pH 5.0 and 10 degrees C by a 78-fold molar excess of diazoacetyl norleucine methyl ester (N2Ac-Nle-OMe) when simultaneously added with a 78-fold molar excess of Cu(II). Preincubation with Cu(II) before the addition of N2Ac-Nle-OMe reduced the initial rate of activity loss presumably due to a copper-induced structural change as deduced from an examination of CD spectra. Cof norleucine and 1.02 +/- 0.041 mol of copper. The conformation of the N2Ac-Nle OMe-inhibited enzyme appeared to be somewhat altered since the rate of H-3H exchange determined for the slowest exchanging class of hydrogens was reduced by more than 10-fold although the estimated number of hydrogens in this class remained constant. Mucor miehei protease was also inhibited by pepstatin; complete inactivation required a 6-fold molar excess of inhibitor and was associated with a major conformational change as determined from CD spectra. Loss of activity also occurred in the presence of 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenyoxy)propane (EPNP). PMID- 831837 TI - Localization, purification and substrate specificity of monoamine oxidase. AB - Bovine kidney monoamine oxidase (amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing), EC 1.4.3.4) has been purified to one band on disc electrophoresis, and is shown to be localized in the intra- and extramitochondrial membrane. Kinetic models have been used to determine the effect of different substances on the enzyme activity. This enzyme shows a very high substrate specificity. It is suggested that phenol ring and one hydrogen atom each on the methylene and amine groups are responsible for the enzyme activity. N-methylbenzylamine exhibits a homotropic negative cooperative effect which is also supported by the n and Rs values. Benzylhydrazine is apparently a good substrate unlike phenylhydrazine, semicarbazide, harmaline and alpha- and beta-naphthol which show an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. Methylamine has no effect. It is suggested that the enzyme may have different sites or different conformations for different substrates. The results of this communication demonstrate bovine kidney monoamine oxidase to be different from monoamine oxidase from other sources. PMID- 831839 TI - Circulatory adjustments to pregnancy in the rabbit. PMID- 831838 TI - Effector binding sites in plasma amine oxidase. AB - The interaction between plasma amine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) and chlorpromazine was studied by spectroscopic methods. The binding of chlorpromazine to the enzyme is paralleled by an increase in the emission anisotropy of the ligand. Titration of the enzyme with chlorpromazine using fluorescence methods revealed the presence of an heterogeneous population of binding sites characterized by the dissociation constants K1 = 7.4 muM and K2 = 35 muM. A kinetic analysis showed that a change in V and Km is induced by chlorpromazine. The increase in V (5.7 fold) is significant and cannot be attributed to modifications in the chemical structure of the effector chlorpromazine. The results are consistent with the concept that the binding of the effector induces a change in the conformation of the enzyme which is transmitted to the catalytic site. PMID- 831840 TI - In vivo effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 on contractility and diameter of the rabbit oviduct using intraluminal transducers. PMID- 831841 TI - Control of parturition in domestic animals. PMID- 831843 TI - Pre- and postnatal development of mouse embryos after storage for different periods at cryogenic temperatures. PMID- 831842 TI - Regulation of the arachidonic acid cascade. PMID- 831844 TI - The elemental composition of the environments of the gametes and preimplantation embryo during the initiation of pregnancy. PMID- 831845 TI - The ontogeny of uterine pathology and pathophysiology following neonatal androgen administration. PMID- 831846 TI - Effect of adrenergic nerve stimulation on the rabbit oviduct: correlation with norepinephrine content and turnover rate. PMID- 831847 TI - The effects of sperm extracts and energy sources on the motility and acrosome reaction of hamster spermatozoa in vitro. PMID- 831848 TI - Response of immature, mature nonbreeding and mature breeding ferret testis to exogenous LH stimulation. PMID- 831849 TI - Reduction of serum LH and testosterone in male rats by a partially purified bovine pineal extract. PMID- 831850 TI - The temporal relationship between ovulation and an injection of progesterone or corticosterone in the hen Gallus domesticus. PMID- 831851 TI - Effect of aging on the fertilizing capacity of testicular spermatozoa from the rabbit. PMID- 831852 TI - Relationship between avian and mammalian anti-Mulllerian hormones. PMID- 831854 TI - Exciton annihilation in the two photosystems in chloroplasts at 100 degrees K. AB - The fluorescence yield (F) of spinach chloroplasts at 100 degrees K measured at 735 nm (photosystem I fluorescence-F 735) and at 685 nm (photosystem II fluorescence-F 685) has been determined with different modes of laser excitation. The modes of excitation included a single picosecond pulse, sequences of picosecond pulses (4, 22, and 300 pulses spaced 5 ns apart) and a single nonmode locked 2-mus pulse (MP mode). The F 735/F 685 intensity ratios decrease from 1.62 to 0.61 when a single picosecond pulse (or low-power continuous helium-neon laser) is replaced by excitation with the 300-ps pulse train (PPT mode) or MP mode. In the PPT mode of excitation, the 735-nm fluorescence band is quenched by a factor of 45 as the intensity is increased from 10(15) to 10(18) photons/cm(2) per pulse train and the 685-nm fluorescence is quenched by a factor of 10. In the MP mode, the quenching factors are 25 and 7, respectively, in the same intensity range. Fluorescence quantum yield measurements with different picosecond pulse sequences indicate that relatively long-lived quenching species are operative, which survive from one picosecond pulse to another within the pulse train. The excitonic processes possible in the photosynthetic units are discussed in detail. The differences in the quenching factors between the MP and PPT modes of excitation are attributed to singlet-singlet annihilation, possible when picosecond pulses are utilized, but minimized in the MP mode of excitation. The long-lived quenchers are identified as triplets and/or bulk chlorophyll ions formed by singlet-singlet annihilation. The preferential quenching in photosystem I is attributed to triplet excitons. The influence of heating effects, photochemistry, bleaching, and two-photon processes is also considered and is shown to be negligible. PMID- 831853 TI - Effects of gonadotropins on androgen levels in rete testis fluid of the ram. PMID- 831856 TI - Exclusion in hyaluronate gels. AB - Osmotic pressures of solutions of hyaluronate (HA) (mol wt 117,000) and mixtures of HA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2 were measured with a membrane osmometer. The data were fit with a virial expansion in integral powers of total nondiffusible solute concentration. Values of number average molecular weight were calculated for HA and the mixtures from the first virial coefficients. The excluded volume of HA in the single nondiffusible solute solution was calculated from the second virial coefficient extracted from the data on the HA solution. The excluded volume of HA with respect to BSA was estimated from the "osmotic parameters" of HA and BSA by an approach developed in 1976 by Shaw. The resulting excluded volume of HA with respect to BSA was compared with those obtained from a lightly cross-linked HA gel and from solutions of HA (mol wt 1.5 x 10(6)) studied in 1964 by Laurent. The development of this cross-linked HA gel and its subsequent calibration are described. PMID- 831855 TI - Steady-state electrodiffusion. Scaling, exact solution for ions of one charge, and the phase plane. AB - This is the first of two papers dealing with electrodiffusion theory (the Nernst Planck equation coupled with Gauss's law) and its application to the current voltage behavior of squid axon. New developments in the exact analysis of the steady-state electrodiffusion problem presented here include (a) a scale transformation that connects a given solution to an infinity of other solutions, suggesting the po-sibility of direct comparison of electrical data for membranes with different thicknesses and other properties; (b) a first-integral relation between the electric field and ion densities more general than analogous relations previously reported, and (c) an exact solution for the homovalent system, i.e., a membrane system permeated by various ion species of the same charge. The latter is a generalization of the known one-ion solution. The properties of the homovalent solution are investigated analytically and graphically. In particular we study the phase-plane curves, which reduce to the parabolas discussed by K. S. Cole in the special case in which the current density parameter (a linear combination of the ionic current densities) is zero. PMID- 831857 TI - Electrical properties of frog skeletal muscle fibers interpreted with a mesh model of the tubular system. AB - This paper presents the construction, derivation, and test of a mesh model for the electrical properties of the transverse tubular system (T-system) in skeletal muscle. We model the irregular system of tubules as a random network of miniature transmission lines, using differential equations to describe the potential between the nodes and difference equations to describe the potential at the nodes. The solution to the equations can be accurately represented in several approximate forms with simple physical and graphical interpretations. All the parameters of the solution are specified by impedance and morphometric measurements. The effect of wide circumferential spacing between T-system openings is analyzed and the resulting restricted mesh model is shown to be approximated by a mesh with an access resistance. The continuous limit of the mesh model is shown to have the same form as the disk model of the T-system, but with a different expression for the tortuosity factor. The physical meaning of the tortuosity factor is examined, and a short derivation of the disk model is presented that gives results identical to the continuous limit of the mesh model. Both the mesh and restricted mesh models are compared with experimental data on the impedance of muscle fibers of the frog sartorius. The derived value for the resistivity of the lumen of the tubules is not too different from that of the bathing solution, the difference probably arising from the sensitivity of this value to errors in the morphometric measurements. PMID- 831858 TI - Anomalous diffraction approximation to the low-angle scattering from coated spheres: a model for biological cells. AB - The anomalous diffraction approximation has been used in an attempt to account for the low-angle scattering from composite spheres. These are used as models for biological cells. Solutions have been obtained for both thinly and thickly coated spheres. PMID- 831859 TI - Interaction of water with native collagen. PMID- 831860 TI - Investigation of the formation of triple helices between (Pro-Pro-Gly)n's of different degrees of polymerization using gel filtration. PMID- 831861 TI - Proton magnetic resonance investigation of interactions between L-tryptophan and dinucleoside phosphates at low pD. PMID- 831862 TI - Electronic energy transfer between tyrosine and tryptophan in the peptides Trp (Pro)n-Tyr. PMID- 831863 TI - Kinetic analysis of the annealing period in the formation of the Poly (A)-2Poly (U) triple helix. PMID- 831864 TI - Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). I. Temperature profile of bacteriophage Ni-DNA. PMID- 831865 TI - Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). II. Temperature profile of bacteriophage phi29-DNA. PMID- 831867 TI - Chiroptical properties of S-proline conformational isomers. PMID- 831866 TI - Fluorescence of proteins in aqueous neutral salt solutions. I. Influence of anions. PMID- 831868 TI - An X-ray diffraction study of poly(L-lysine hydrobromide). PMID- 831869 TI - Synthesis of linear stereoregular glucomannan heteropolysaccharides. PMID- 831870 TI - Spectral analysis on the melting fine structure of is lambda DNA and T2 DNA. PMID- 831871 TI - Apparent molal heat capacities in aqueous solution of molecules containing the peptide linkage: cyclic and open chain dipeptides. PMID- 831873 TI - Induction of thrombocytopenia by thrombopheresis in man: patterns of recovery in normal subjects during ethanol ingestion and abstinence. AB - Using the technique of thrombophoresis (TP), platelet and megakaryocyte dynamics following acute thrombocytopenia were studied in two normal subjects during periods of ethanol ingestion and abstinence. Thrombocytopenia was induced over a period of 12 hr. A logarithmic decline in platelet count during TP and the serial morphologic changes in megakaryocytes during recovery from thrombocytopenia are described. Although these parameters were not affected by ethanol ingestion, platelet counts after TP did not return to normal until ethanol was discontinued. 51Cr-labeled platelet survival was normal in one subject studied, and no evidence of increased platelet sequestration was found. It is concluded that heavy ethanol ingestion induces, augments, or sustains thrombocytopenia by impairing megakaryocytopoiesis in man. The mechanism by which ethanol induces thrombocytopenia may be due, in part, to "ineffective thrombopoiesis," impairment of the differentiation of precursor cells into the megakaryocytic compartment, or a combination of these factors. PMID- 831872 TI - Relationship between the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of heparin in experimental venous thrombosis. AB - The relationship between the antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of heparin was assessed using venous thrombi in rabbits. Accretion of 125I-fibrinogen onto jugular vein thrombi was used to assess the antithrombotic effect of heparin, and the protamine sulfate titration test (heparin activity) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were used to measure its anticoagulant effect. The effect of heparin on jugular vein bleeding times was also measured in a separate group of animals. Fibrinogen accretion was significantly lower with continuous infusion than with intermittent injection. Heparin, given by continuous infusion, produced marked inhibition of fibrinogen accretion (to less than 10% of control accretion) at an APTT value of between 75 and 80 sec (control 34 sec) and at a level of heparin activity of 0.4-0.5 U/ml. Infusion of cryoprecipitate reduced the effect of heparin on the APTT relative to its effect on heparin activity. In these cryoprecipitate-treated animals, marked inhibition of fibrinogen accretion occurred at a similar level of heparin activity (0.4-0.6 U/ml) but at a significantly lower APTT (35-50 sec) than in normal animals. On the other hand, there was a progressive increase in jugular vein bleeding time with both increasing APTT values and heparin levels in both groups of animals. PMID- 831874 TI - Rabbit factor VIII: identification of size heterogeneity. AB - Two forms of rabbit factor VIII procoagulant activity, distinguishable by size on gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, have been identified in normal rabbit plasma. These studies have been carried out with citrate-anticoagulated rabbit plasma obtained by cardiac puncture. Two peaks of factor VIII activity were obtained on agarose gel chromatography, using physiologic ionic strength buffers: a high molecular weight peak eluting at the void volume and a second peak eluting with smaller plasma proteins. The presence of high and low molecular weight factor VIII activities was confirmed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The two peaks of factor VIII activity remained distinct when proteolytic inhibitors were added to the plasma and eluting buffers. Both the high and low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant activities were inhibited by antibodies to human and rabbit factor VIII, and both were activated by thrombin. The identification of size heterogeneity of factor VIII in normal rabbit plasma, in the absence of any modification by ionic strength, may permit more satisfactory study of the relationship of factor VIII size to function. PMID- 831875 TI - Association of decreased membrane protein phosphorylation with red blood cell spherocytosis. AB - A close association between sphering of human red cells and deficient phosphorylation of their membrane proteins has been documented in three spearate situations. Red cells rendered spheroidal by exposure to: (1) elevated temperatures; (2) two sulfhydryl inhibitors (N-ethylmaleimide or paramercuribenzoate); or (3) in the genetic situation of hereditary spherocytosis -all manifest deficient phosphorylation of endogenous membrane proteins by ATP. In the two former cases, we have noted an exact association between the onset of red cell sphering (e.g., as temperatures rose above 48 degrees C or N ethylmaleimide concentrations exceeded 2 mumoles/ml RBC) and the development of deficient ghost protein phosphorylation. PMID- 831876 TI - The molecular lesion of hereditary spherocytosis (HS): a continuing enigma. PMID- 831877 TI - Effect of cytochalasin B on human monocyte binding and sphering of IgG-coated human erythrocytes. AB - The ability of human mononuclear phagocytic cells to bind IgG-coated human erythrocytes (EA) and to cause bound EA to become osmotically fragile (sphered) was investigated in the presence of cytochalasin B, a known inhibitor of phagocytosis. Cytochalasin B inhibited the binding of EA to mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent fashion; 80% inhibition of binding was observed at a concentration of 5 mug/ml. This profound effect on EA binding together with presently available data suggested a role for IgG receptor mobility in the macrophage binding of IgG-coated erythrocytes. Cytochalasin B, however, had a minimal effect on the capacity of mononuclear cells to sphere adherent EA, suggesting that the processes involved in macrophage-induced spherocytosis may differ from those operable in phagocytosis. PMID- 831878 TI - Thymidylate synthetase in pernicious anemia. I. PMID- 831879 TI - Thymidylate synthetase in pernicious anemia. II. PMID- 831880 TI - Neutrophil marrow egress in polycythemia vera. AB - Neutrophil marrow egress was examined in 6 polycythemia vera patients using 3H thymidine (3H-TDR) pulse labeling. The granulocytopoietic proliferation activity ranged between moderate depression (1420 neutrophils per mul blood) and marked enhancement (22470 neutrophils per mul blood). Egress characteristics did not significantly deviate from the ones found in subjects with normal granulocytopoietic proliferation activity. Shortest cell sojourn in the medullar nonproliferating granulocytopoietic pool before cell transit into the blood, i.e. "neutrophil emergence time", ranged between 67-102 h (median 76 h). After this time interval labeled band and segmented neutrophils simultaneously appeared in the peripheral blood. However, during the early influx phase of labeled neutrophils labeling indices of band forms increased more rapidly than that of segmented forms. In segmented forms the initial curve increment followed approximately an exponential function. Labeling indices doubled in 10-13.5 h with remarkably small variance in the different disease states examined. The results indicate that the main factors influencing neutrophil marrow egress, i.e. maturation of granulocytopoietic cells, structure of marrow sinusoids and control mechanisms, function normally in polycythemia vera. PMID- 831882 TI - A mofidied method for measuring the filtrability of erythrocytes. AB - A modified method based on Teitel's original procedure for measuring the filtrability of erythrocytes was described. The filter paper was not placed into a funnel but to the exit at the bottom of a 2 ml glass column. The filtration of the red cell suspension was quantitated by measuring the decrease of the volume in the column. PMID- 831881 TI - Reappraisal of the clinical and etiologic significance of immunoglobulin deviations in autoimmune hemolytic anemia ('warm type'). AB - 56 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia ('warm type') (AIHA) were investigated for immunoglobulin deviations. Of these, 43 were repeatedly analyzed (mean 4 times). The mean observation time was 20 months. The immunoglobulin values were correlated with clinical (degree of hemolysis) and serological (immunoglobulin class of autoantibodies; strength of antiglobulin reaction) parameters and statistically evaluated by variance analysis. Although no significant deviations of immunoglobulins in AIHA were found as compared to a normal control group, the immunoglobulin disturbance most frequently seen was an elevation of IgM. This is interpreted as a possible lack or functional impairment of immunoregulatory T cells in AIHA. PMID- 831883 TI - Catalog card production with a programmable terminal. AB - Application of a programmable terminal and printer to the cataloging task of a small medical library is described. The application is independent of a computer; the terminal is used in "local" mode only. Full sets of catalog cards are produced, following a single typing of descriptive cataloging data and tracings. Books can be cataloged the same day they are received. Actual cost per book is just over a dollar, for equipment rental, card stock, and the cataloger's time at the console, after call number, tracings, and main entry for the book have been determined. PMID- 831884 TI - MEDLINE demand profiles: an analysis of requests for clinical and research information. AB - When a medical library serves both research scientists and practicing physicians, it may be predicted from the results of previous studies that computerized bibliographic search services will show more research and less clinical activity. The present paper reports the results of a statistical analysis of professional use of the National Library of Medicine's bibliographic retrieval system. MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-Line), at a large medical school library. Results indicate that (1) demand for MEDLINE service is primarily research oriented; (2) frequency of use bears a relationship to rank and departmental affiliation; (3) broad and comprehensive searches are requested more frequently than searches for specific information; (4) usage shows an interesting curvilinear relationship with age and status of the user; and (5) grant funds and support correlate with the number of searches requested. Implication of these findings are that since clinicians' use of MEDLINE was found to be minimal, information services should be reevaluated in order to assist in meeting their information needs more effectively. PMID- 831885 TI - Development of criteria and procedures for appointment, promotion, and tenure of library faculty in an academic health sciences library. AB - A subcommittee of the Appointment, Promotion and Tenure Committee was appointed to develop a document establishing procedures and criteria for the appointment, promotion, and tenure of library faculty at the Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois. The subcommittee analyzed the library's objectives within the academic setting and developed guidelines to enhance individual and organizational contributions. Early and regular evaluation of library faculty was emphasized. Skills required to implement library participation and support of education, research, and public service programs were categorized. A mechanism for review and amendment of the document has been established. PMID- 831886 TI - Journal usage at a community hospital library. PMID- 831887 TI - Library management in the tight budget seventies. Problems, challenges, and opportunities. AB - This paper examines changes in the management of university, special, and medical libraries brought about by the budget curtailments that followed the more affluent funding period of the mid-1960s. Based on a study conducted for the National Science Foundation by the Indiana University Graduate Library School, this paper deals with misconceptions that have arisen in the relationship between publishers and librarians, and differentiates between the priority perceptions of academic and of special librarians in the allocation of progressively scarcer resources. It concludes that libraries must make strong efforts to reduce the growing erosion of materials acquisitions budgets because of growing labor costs as a percentage of all library expenditures; that they must make a working reality of the resource-sharing mechanisms established through consortia and networks; and that they must use advanced evaluative techniques in the determination of which services and programs to implement, expand, and retain, and which to curtail and abandon. PMID- 831888 TI - The operation of a rational acquisitions committee. PMID- 831889 TI - Space utilization in hospital libraries with space shortages. PMID- 831890 TI - The Moll collection on hypnotism at Vanderbilt. PMID- 831891 TI - Librarians in hospitals: you and the MLA. A revisit in 1977. A guest editorial. PMID- 831892 TI - Evaluation of first-class mail service of the MLA exchange. PMID- 831893 TI - Microbial assessment of a clinical investigation on filtration and infusion phlebitis. PMID- 831894 TI - Design and operation of an in-house pyrogen test facility. PMID- 831895 TI - Sterility assurance for medical devices processed by ionizing radiation. PMID- 831896 TI - Acute ocular toxicity for normal and irritated rabbit eyes and subacute ocular toxicity for ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol. PMID- 831898 TI - A supplier's response to proposed GMP requirements for steam sterilization equipment. PMID- 831897 TI - A laminar flow approach to in-line vial sterilization. PMID- 831899 TI - General guidelines for the processing of glass containers for parenteral products. PMID- 831900 TI - Developing a formal training program for a small to medium sized pharmaceutical company. PMID- 831901 TI - Depression and loss. AB - Recent losses occurring in the two years before onset of depression in women are distinguished from past losses occurring at any time before this. Of past losses only loss of mother before II is associated with greater risk of depression--both among women treated by psychiatrists and among women found to be suffering from depression in a random sample of 458 women living in London. Past loss of a father or sibling before 17 (or a mother between II and 17), or a child or husband, is not associated with a greater chance of developing depression. However, among patients all types of past loss by death are associated with psychotic-like depressive symptoms (and their severity) and other types of past loss with neurotic-type depressive symptoms (and their severity). It is argued that these associations probably reflect direct causal links, and a sociopsychological theory to explain them is discussed. PMID- 831902 TI - The role of stress as a precipitating factor of psychiatric illness. AB - Fifty-six psychiatric patients were interviewed to obtain a record of life events preceding admission to hospital, using a modified version of the Schedule of Recent Experiences. Two control groups were studied for comparison: medical and surgical in-patients and a "normal" population studied independently by Myers. Psychiatric patients reported a significantly larger number of events than the medical-surgical patients, who, in turn, reported significantly more events than the "normal" population. There were no significant differences in the specific life event histories between groups. PMID- 831903 TI - Mourning, mummification and living with the dead. AB - Six cases are reported in which the bereaved kept the decreased's body for periods ranging from one week to ten years. Some relevant anthropological and psychoanalytical observations are discussed. This phenomenon does not appear to have been reported in the literature of Western psychiatry. PMID- 831904 TI - Personality and coping with psychiatric symptoms. AB - An attempt was made to extend and cross-validate Mayo's (1969) study of "normals with symptoms" using the new Personal Illness measures. Groups of psychiatric patients and symptom-free normals were matched with a "normals with symptoms" group for age and sex. The two symptom groups were similarly matched on the number of symptoms as assessed by the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. On the Personality Deviance Scales the "normals with symptoms" were found to be the most Extrapunitive group, the symptom-free normals had the lowest Intropunitive scores, whilst the patient group were the lowest scorers on Dominance. PMID- 831905 TI - Behavioural types of rape. AB - The previous and subsequent convictions of all those charged with rape in 1961 were studied, together with circumstances of the criminal offence. The proportion of victims whose names were published in newspapers was high (26 per cent) and a high proportion of accused were acquitted (22 per cent). They fell fairly obviously into paedophiliac rapes of girls under 14 (30 per cent), "aggressive" rapists (20 per cent) with a record of other aggressive offences, and "others" (50 per cent) with few if any other convictions. Various aspects of the records of these groups are considered. The paedophiles tended to have a wider age range and more often pleaded or were found guilty, and more of them received a medical disposal, rare in others. A small but similar proportion of acquitted and convicted were subsequently convicted of another rape. PMID- 831906 TI - Electroencephalograms of XYY and XXY men. AB - Abnormal EEGs have been reported in XYY and XXY men located in psychiatric hospitals and prisons. In general, persons resident in institutions are more likely to exhibit EEG abnormalities than "normal" population, and this bias of ascertainment has complicated the interpretation of these results. The present study was conducted in Denmark. Chromosome determinations were made on 4,140 men selected from a birth cohort of 31,438 men. Twelve XYY and 16 XXY men were detected. Appropriate XY control groups were selected from the same population. The XYY men were found to have a significantly lower average frequency of the occipital alpha activity than their controls. The XYY and XXy men showed significantly more theta activity than the controls. PMID- 831907 TI - Karyotyping of women with anorexia nervosa. AB - As a contribution to an international pool, chromosomal analysis was carried out on 30 women with anorexia nervosa. The stimulus for this study was that during the last decade nine cases have been described of coincidence between Turner's syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Of the 30 women here examined, all had normal chromosomal constitution. PMID- 831908 TI - Cultural and temporal variations in schizophrenia: a speculation on the importance of industrialization. AB - A speculative hypothesis is presented which links the late development of modern concepts of schizophrenia with social and familial effects of industrialization. It is suggested that the social and family structures found historically in pre industrial societies and currently in developing countries exert a comparatively benign effect upon patients with schizophrenia, and that these effects are lost during and after industrialization. Thus the severe and chronic forms of the illness became prominent and therefore recognized in the segregated institutions of Europe in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Possible mechanisms are examined by which industrialization could influence the structure of communities and families and the development of individuals to produce the postulated changes in the individual's response to the schizophrenic illness. It is suggested that three major areas of interest for the identification of these mechanisms are (i) the rapid increase in size of towns and communities, (ii) changes in perinatal and infant mortality and morbidity, and (iii) changes in family structure. Some ways of testing the hypothesis and its implications are outlined. PMID- 831909 TI - Dermatoglyphics in schizophrenia: the relevance of positive family history. AB - In the present study dermatoglyphic features were studied in schizophrenics with and without positive family history of schizophrenia. It was found that the difference between normals and schizophrenics was further exaggerated in those schizophrenics with a positive family history for schizophrenia. The implications of the findings and the need for further work are highlighted. PMID- 831910 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements of schizophrenics and normal people under stress. AB - Eye movements while watching an oscillating pendulum were recorded in 24 chronic schizophrenies and 24 matched normal controls. As others have reported previously, abnormal tracking movements were significantly commoner in the schizophrenics. However, in a series of experiments with normal subjects it was found that conditions designed to distract attention, or to produce declining arousal and attention, produced abnormal tracking movements indistinguishable from those observed in schizophrenics. As chronic schizophrenics are known to perform badly on a variety of psychomotor tasks and there is evidence that this is due to impaired attention or heightened distractibility, it seems likely that these same factors are responsible for their poor eye-tracking performance. PMID- 831911 TI - Capgras' syndrome and cerebral dysfunction. AB - Two cases of Capgras' syndrome in association with coarse brain disease are presented. The authors suggest that prosopagnosia (face nonrecognition) may be the primary expression of a specific cerebral dysfunction which forms the basis for a delusional elaboration resulting in Capgras' syndrome. PMID- 831912 TI - Slow and rapid psychobiological alterations in a manic-depressive patient: clinical phenomenology. AB - A distinctive pattern of clinical change during eight affective episodes is reported in a rapidly cycling manic-depressive patient. After a rapid switch to near maximal intensity of affective symptoms, slow changes in symptomatology were documented by significant slopes and correlation coefficients over the course of each episode. Decreases in depression, anxiety, drowsiness, helplessness/hopelessness, anger, and sadness preceded the switches into mania; decreases in mania, euphoria, seeking others, and talking preceded the switches into depression. Psychologically important events appeared to regularly precede rapid mood switches. It is suggested that the consistent, slow clinical changes which occur during affective episodes may reflect part of an underlying rhthmic biological process and that environment events may be capable of triggering a final common pathway for the mood switch during a vulnerable period. PMID- 831913 TI - Coefficients of agreement between observers and their interpretation. AB - The measurement of agreement between ratings of patient symptomatology by two or more psychiatrists is discussed. It is noted that coefficients which allow for possible chance agreement are to be preferred, but they involve assumptions about the way in which chance factors may operate. Assumptions which involve prior probabilities of the incidence of a symptom appear to be too stringent, and a new coefficient, called the RE coefficient, is recommended in which is assumed to operate in a purely random way. Binary scales are discussed in detail, but methods of dealing with scales of wider range are also referred to. PMID- 831914 TI - Staff relations in psychiatric hospitals. AB - This study is concerned with the roles of doctors, nurses, occupational therapists and social workers in psychiatric hospitals, as perceived by members of these occupations. Fifty-one respondents from three psychiatric hospitals were interviewed. Information was sought concerning the ways respondents evaluate (a) occupational importance, (b) occupational competence and (c) inter-group contacts. Most respondents regarded the occupational importance of psychiatrists as being higher than that of the non-medical occupations. There was, however, disagreement among the various groups regarding their specific roles and areas of occupational competence. Existing inter-group contacts were evaluated as much less satisfactory by non-medical staff than by psychiatrists. PMID- 831915 TI - Effect of rotation on radiographic dimensions of the humerus and femur. AB - Ten humeri and ten femora were radiographed in nine positions of longitudinal rotation. In each position total, medullary and cortical widths of the diaphyses (TW, MW, CW) were measured to assess the effect of rotation on these dimensions. The results were expressed as differences from the values in the neutral position (delta TW, delta MW, delta CW). In the humerus, medial rotation produced greater changes than lateral rotation. Though rotation in either direction increased CW, the systematic error due to medial rotation to only 5 degrees (approximately +0.0058 cm per degree) was more than double that due to lateral rotation. In the femur, lateral rotation had the greater effect, producing a marked decrease in CW (approximately -0.0072 cm per degree). Medial rotation produced only a slight increase in CW. The ratios CW/TW ("cortical index") and CA/TA ("area ratio") were calculated and expressed as differences from the values in the neutral position (delta CW/TW, delta CA/TA). Rotation affected these variables much less than the linear dimensions. Furthermore, through the variance of delta TW, delta MW and delta CA/TA increased only slightly or not at all. These results suggest that if radiographic morphometry is to be applied to the humerus and femur, these ratios rather than transverse dimensions should be used. Sequential changes in CW may be totally obscured by small rotational errors. PMID- 831916 TI - Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastric antrum - another cause of "etat mammelonne". AB - The radiological and endoscopic appearance of "etat mammelonne" has been attributed to hypertrophic gastritis or prominence of the areae gastricae. An additional cause for this appearance is described in two patients with benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastric antrum. The significance of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 831917 TI - Observations on the combined effect of ultrasound and certain cytoxics on the growth of the roots of Zea mays. AB - Seedling roots of Zea mays were used in combined treatments with ultrasonic radiation (pulsed and continuous beams) and the cytotoxic drugs vincristine and hydroxyurea respectively. It has been found that ultrasound and the above mentioned drugs act independently of each other, a result similar to that obtained with ultrasound and X rays. This leads to the suggestion that the mechanism of damage due to the drugs is different from that due to ultrasound. An increase in drug effectiveness under the action of ultrasound has not been found. PMID- 831918 TI - The treatment of early cancer of the corpus uteri. AB - This paper analyses the results of post-operative radiotherapy in 256 cases of cancer of the corpus uteri. Myometrial invasion by tumour was shown to be significantly related to histological grading (p less than 0.001) as it was to recurrence rates (p less than 0.025). By placing patients into one of three subsets according to the depth of myometrial invasion, survival was sufficiently different for each subset to validate their use, not only for prognostic purposes but to determine the type of radiotherapy indicated. Radiotherapy was given as either local intravaginal treatment using an obturator loaded with 60Co or by a combination of this and external beam teletherapy. The value of using radiotherapy to treat the whole pelvis as opposed to treating only the vaginal tissues was significant (p less than 0.01) in terms of local disease control for the deep myometrial invasive group. In terms of survival, external beam therapy was of benefit for all three subsets, i.e. superficial, not more than half and more than half myometrial invasion. A planned approach to post-operative radiotherapy was significantly better for the series as a whole compared to previous ad hoc approaches (p less than 0.01). The treatment methods used did not produce unacceptable morbidity. PMID- 831919 TI - Ultrasonic treatment of Chinese hamster cells at high intensities and long exposure times. AB - Monolayers of single Chinese hamster cells growing on 0.036 mm Melinex film in specially constructed irradiation vessels were treated to continuous 990.5 kHz focused ultrasound. After treatment, cells were incubated until they formed small microcolonies (48 h) or until confluent growth was obtained (96 h). Damage was assessed by scoring a focal area of 5 mm2 for a reduction in colony number or multiplcity after three generations or for a cell-free area after seven generations. The results showed that mammalian cells withstood up to 30 times greater intensities and up to 1000 times higher exposure times than any treatments shown to produce pathological lesions in mammalian tissues. When damage was observed it was generally associated with the production of cavitation events. A non-cavitation or non-thermal effect leading to cell death was not demonstrated. PMID- 831920 TI - A comprehensive radiotherapy planning system implemented in Fortran on a small interactive computer. AB - A suite of Fortran programs for carrying out the various dose computational aspects of radiotherapy has been developed on an enhanced RAD8 computing system. The hardward configuration of the computer is described and the main features of the programs in the suite are discussed. The include: (a) beam data input systems for use with linear accelerators and cobalt units; (b) static and rotational teletherapy planning, with computer optimization in the static planning; (c) irregular field calculations with isodose visualization; (d) interstitial calculations including routines which will reconstruct a radium needle implant in three dimensions in addition to presenting the isodose distribution in any desired plane. The problems of implementing the programs on another computer system are discussed. PMID- 831921 TI - The use of the fibre optic recorder in ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 831922 TI - Effects of therapy on breast calcification. PMID- 831923 TI - The effects of radiation on the skin blood volume pulse in humans. PMID- 831925 TI - Computerized tomographic scan terminology. PMID- 831924 TI - Californium-252 in radiotherapy: RBE-dose rate relationships. PMID- 831926 TI - The less familiar manifestations of schistosomiasis of the urinary tract. AB - One hundred and fifteen patients with schistosomiasis of the urinary tract were studied. Sixty-five percent of the ureters showed striking deformities, including medial deviation, a straight lumbar course, and in the pelvic segment a bowed appearance with medial and cranial displacement at the vesico-ureteric junction. This appearance, which resembles a "cowhorn", is due to fiborsis the bladder trigone. Stasis and dilation of the upper urinary tract were present in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Strictures were rare (7%), and fluoroscopy during excretory urography confirmed that the changes in the upper urinary tract were due to functional derangement of the ureters and not strictures. Four patterns of bladder calcification are described--the familiar linear rim calcification, an amorphous form, uniform opacity and curvilinear forms. The diagnosis can be suggested from the post-micturition bladder film which shows a coarse, shaggy or polypoid mucosal pattern in all stages of the disease. PMID- 831928 TI - Urethral stone formation following urethroplasty. AB - Two patients formed urethral stones on hair growing within the urethra following urethroplasty, an uncommon complication of this operation. The technique of urethrography is important. A control exposure is essential at the start of any examination, and a post-micturition film can aid in better demonstration of stones. PMID- 831927 TI - Fetal complications of amniography. AB - In a series of 241 amniograms, there were two cases of fetal tissue damage resulting from the subcutaneous injection of contrast material. Details of these two cases are given and the damage sustained illustrated. Measures designed to prevent such complications are outlined, together with recommendations for its management, should such a complication occur. PMID- 831929 TI - Mammography in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma: an evaluation of direct referral facilities for family practitioners. AB - An enquiry has been made into the value of direct referral facilities for mammography by family practitioners. This study showed that provided that the limitations of mammography are appreciated, such a system is useful as a contribution to the management of benign breast disease and in the doubtful cases unlikely to have a carcinoma. The number of very early carcinomas discovered has been disappointing and the main use of this type of service has been in reinforcing clinical opinion. PMID- 831930 TI - A simple computer program for optimization of source loading in cervical intracavitary applicators. AB - A computer program has been developed to aid in the brachytherapy of cancer of the cervix. Using a least-squares minimization algorithm, the program will optimize the source loading in intracavitary applicators so as to reproduce, as nearly as physical considerations allow, the dose distribution requested by the user. Applicator geometry and the relative positions of anatomical points of interest must be supplied to the program, as well as an inventory of available source strengths. Output from the computer includes the optimized source loading, time of application, and the resulting relative doses to the various user selected points of interest. PMID- 831931 TI - Effects of radiation on the visual appearance and mechanical properties of mouse skin. AB - A study of the long term effects of radiation on the visual appearance and mechanical properties of mouse skin is presented. The effects associated with the hair follicle (greying and alopecia) increase monotonically with exposure. Other effects (load, extension and stress at rupture and scarring of the skin) all show a reversal at the highest exposures. The skin thickness changes little with exposure, while the skin stiffness exhibits a shoulder on the response curve. Possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed. PMID- 831932 TI - The response of tissues to combined hyperthermia and X rays. AB - Three normal tissues in mice and rats (skin, intestine and cartilage) have been used to investigate the effects of combined hyperthermia and radiation. The heating time was kept constant at one hour and X rays were given either immediately before or after heating. Thermal enhancement ratios were measured as a function of temperature up to 43 degress C and were compared with data for other normal tissues and tumours taken from the literature. The variation from tissue to tissue was found to be fairly small within this temperature range, but there is some indication of a greater response of tumours. PMID- 831933 TI - An electronic patient-contouring device. PMID- 831934 TI - Urethrography simplified: the drip infusion technique. PMID- 831935 TI - Aberrant renal papilla. PMID- 831936 TI - Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis in renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 831937 TI - Oil cyst of the breast following fat necrosis. PMID- 831938 TI - Fever as a complication of low dose irradiation. PMID- 831939 TI - Selective phalangeal tuft fractures in a guitar player. PMID- 831940 TI - Response time constants of two commonly used dose-rate meters. PMID- 831941 TI - Analysis of dose, dose-rate and treatment time in the production of injuries by radium treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 831942 TI - Analysis of dose, dose-rate and treatment time in the production of injuries by radium treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 831943 TI - Application of a radiotherapy stimulator for imaging of body cross sections. PMID- 831944 TI - Late effects of X irradiation in patients treated for metropathia haemorrhagica. PMID- 831945 TI - Radiology now. Osteoarthrosis of the hip: one disease or many? PMID- 831947 TI - The "magnification sign" of triple mandibular fracture. AB - A new sign which can be readily detected in a standard postero-anterior projection of the mandible is described. It indicates that there are fractures of both mandibular necks and the horizontal ramus near the mid-line. There do not appear to be any situations in which a false positive sign is produced. PMID- 831946 TI - The value of urography following lymphography in malignant diseases. AB - The need for urography following ascending pedal lymphography in malignant disease has been studied in 298 consecutive patients. Forty per cent of the urograms were abnormal. Urographic abnormalities due to the disease being investigated were heralded by abnormal lymphography except in four patients, three with carcinoma of the bladder and one with carcinoma of the cervix. The majority of abnormalities unrelated to the disease being investigated were of no significance. In a small number there was congenital malposition of the kidney so that it fell within the proposed field of treatment. It is concluded that it is unnecessary to do routine urography with every lymphogram. Indications for urography are abnormality or suspected abnormality of the lymphogram, failure to locate the kidneys on plain films and clinical indications such as carcinoma of the bladder or carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 831948 TI - Comparison of pulmonary artery pressures and mixed venous oxygen tension with other indices in acute haemorrhage: an experimental study. AB - A pulmonary artery cannula allows the determination of free and wedge pulmonary artery pressures and mixed venous oxygen tension. These indices have been reported to provide useful information in the assessment of the haemodynamic status of the ill patient. The purpose of this study was to compare them with systemic arterial and central venous pressures as predictors of cardiac output during acute continuous haemorrhage in the dog. Pulmonary artery pressure changed almost linearly with cardiac ouput, and the percentage changes in each were similar; by contrast, systemic arterial pressure was an inferior predictor of cardiac output. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure fell rapidly in the initial phase of bleeding, but right atrial pressure more gradually. The oxygen tension of blood in the pulmonary artery fell steadily during haemorrhage. These findings suggest that data derived from the use of a pulmonary artery cannula may be more useful than systemic arterial and central venous pressures in the detection of hypovolaemia and reduced cardiac output; more frequent use of a pulmonary artery cannula should be made in patients in whom blood volume may fluctuate rapidly. PMID- 831949 TI - Experimental fat embolism: a dynamic assessment of pulmonary fat-handling characteristics. AB - Injection 125I-glyceryl trioleate (0-5 mg/kg) into the right atrium of anaesthetized greyhounds caused the following changes: sequestration of far in the right side of the heart; 95 per cent removal by the lungs in a single passage through the pulmonary circulation; subsequent release of fat into the systemic circulation; rapid overall turnover of fat trapped in the lungs and slow removal of recirculating fat by other tissues. We believe that if there is release of unemulsified fat into the circulation in traumatic fat embolism these findings are of significance in interpreting the subsequent pulmonary events. PMID- 831950 TI - Changes in the blood fibrinolytic activity after surgery (the effect of deep vein thrombosis and malignant disease. AB - The changes in blood fibrinolytic activity before and after operation have been investigated in 56 patients. The results have been analysed to assess the effect of the presence of malignant disease and the development of deep vein thombosis. The results show that patients with malignant disease and those with thrombosis have a fibrinolytic shut-down. This shut-down appears to be secondary to these two conditions and not the cause of the thrombosis. Patients without carcinoma and without thrombosis do not have a significant shut-down. The fibrinolytic shut down results from a reduced release of activator from the peripheral store, not a reduction in the size of the store itself. PMID- 831951 TI - A report on the use of Arvin in patients with pre-gangrene of the lower limb. AB - Sixteen patients with arteriosclerosis and pre-gangrene of a lower limb were treated for 5 days by intravenous injection of Arvin. The effects of the injection on plasma fibrinogen, the viscosity of blood and the patient's symptoms were measured. There was a 90 per cent reduction in plasma fibrinogen and a significant reduction in the viscosity of blood. Five patients experienced some relief of pain during the treatment. In only one patient were the symptoms relieved permanently. PMID- 831952 TI - Effect of truncal vagotomy on gastroduodenal content of gastrin. AB - The vagal influence on gastroduodenal content of gastrin was studied in duodenal ulcer patients. Endoscopic biopsies were assayed for total concentrations of gastrin, and fractionated for measurements of gastrin components before and after total vagotomy. Antral concentration was 17-0 +/- 2-0 mug gastrin/g mucosa (mean +/- s.e.m.) in 52 unoperated patients compared with 25-2 +/- 3-2 mug in 32 vagotomized patients. In 14 patients studied before and 3 months after vagotomy antral content was almost doubled (10-9 +/- 2-3 and 20-4 +/- 2-9 mug respectively). In the duodenal bulb the concentration was 2-4 +/- 0.3 mug in 37 unoperated patients and 2-2 +/- 0.4 mug in 19 vagotomized patients. In 6 patients in whom measurements were made throughout the duodenum, gastrin concentrations were slightly but significantly lower 3 months after vagotomy. Fractionations of pooled homogenates on Sephadex G-50 showed that gastrin component III (gastrin 17) made up 95 per cent of the antral gastrins before and after operation. In the duodenum component III constituted more than half of the gastrins preoperatively, but only one-third postoperatively. The total amount of gastroduodenal gastrin was considerably increased by vagotomy, and it is well established that in serum the gastrin concentration is also higher postoperatively. The most likely implication of these findings is that in man the vagus, directly or indirectly, suppresses gastrin production. PMID- 831953 TI - Gastric ulceration after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. AB - Fourteen instances of gastric ulceration following 415 vagotomies for duodenal ulcer have been reviewed with special reference to the relative incidence of this complication after different types of vagotomy, and to its clinical and radiological features and treatment. The aetiology is discussed. PMID- 831954 TI - Recurrent ulcer after proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal and pre-pyloric ulcer. AB - Factors thought to be important in the development of recurrent ulcer after proximal gastric vagotomy were investigated 1-4 years after operation in 211 patients with duodenal ulcer and in 49 with pre-pyloric ulcer. Recurrent ulcer was found in 25 patients with duodenal ulcer (12 per cent) and in 6 with pre pyloric ulcer (12 per cent). Recurrence was not related to age, sex, duration of dyspepsia, radiological findings or peak acid output before and 10 days after vagotomy. Fifty-six patients were operated upon by the method of Amdrup and Jensen (1970), including skeletonization of about 2 cm of the oesophagus. The remaining 204 patients were operated on by a technique in which the dissection of the lesser curve was begun at the 'crow's foot' and the oesophageal dissection was extended, in most cases, to more than 4 cm above the cardia. Recurrence was more frequent among the 56 patients in the first group than among the remaining patients with duodenal ulcer. Recurrence was positively related to basal acid output after vagotomy. An increase of peak acid output of 50 per cent was seen in a smaller group with recurrence and patients with dyspepsia within 18 months of vagotomy. It was concluded that the risk of recurrence is not related to the number of parietal cells, as expressed by peak acid output to histamine. The risk may probably be reduced by extension of the oesophageal skeletonization. A marked increase in peak acid output may be seen during the first year after proximal gastric vagotomy in patients with recurrence or dyspepsia. PMID- 831955 TI - Personal experience in the surgical management of carcinoma of the stomach. AB - A consecutive series of 226 cases of carcinoma of the stomach has been studied. The policy of treatment has been consistent throughout and laparotomy was performed in 96-5 per cent of cases. The follow-up has been studied with regard to duration of symptoms, location and degree of spread of the tumour and different forms of operative treatment. Although Billroth I gastrectomy gave a 32 per cent 5-year survival rate for the less advanced tumours the overall survival remains, as in other series, depressingly low (8-5 per cent). Education of the public to present early would not appear to help the situation as survival was directly proportional to the duration of symptoms. PMID- 831956 TI - Quinacrine in the management of malignant pleural effusion. AB - Twenty-five patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated with a single intrapleural dose of Quinacrine. Eighteen patients (72 per cent) had a significant response, with no reaccumulation of fluid for at least 2 months following treatment up to a maximum of 18 months in 2 patients. Seven patients (28 per cent) survived for longer than 1 year without evidence of recurrent effusion. PMID- 831957 TI - Assessment of prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma. AB - A retrospective study of 103 patients with histologically proved cutaneous malignant melanoma was made in order to assess the validity of a simple prognostic index, based upon a multivariate analysis of weighted pathological and clinical factors, in predicting the expected outcome in a given case. The results of the study were almost identical to those observed by Cochran (1968); 16 per cent of the patients with a low prognostic index (less than 20) died or developed recurrence of melanoma during the period of follow-up, in contrast to those with a high prognostic index (greater than 25) of whom 64 per cent were similarly affected. It is concluded that the predicted outcome based upon such an index is valid for the 5 postoperative years in some 90 per cent of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. It is suggested that the use of such an index may be of great value in selecting patients in whom the expected outcome to surgical therapy is poor and in whom adjuvant therapy may be of value. PMID- 831958 TI - Segmental dearterialization in penetrating renal trauma. AB - Refractory renal haemorrhage following low velocity penetrating trauma has conventionally been treated by nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the renal artery branches are end-arteries, each branch supplying a renal segment, with no collateral artery supply between segments. Life-threatening haemorrhage is arterial, and usually issues from a single segmental artery easily demonstrable by renal angiography. Fourteen patients had various segmental arteries ligated to control haemorrhage. Associated visceral injuries were present in 4 patients. Preoperative selective renal arteriography was possible in 13 patients and demonstrated the bleeding site in all cases. Segmental dearterialization produced haemostasis in 12 of the 14 patients. One patient required nephrectomy and one patient ligation of a second segmental artery to control bleeding. All the patients survived the operative procedure. Supine renin levels were normal on the fourteenth postoperative day and no patient developed hypertension during the follow-up period of 9-24 months. Segmental renal dearterialization by open operation is a simple and effective technique of controlling refractory renal haemorrhage with maximum preservation of renal parenchyma. PMID- 831959 TI - The pathophysiological changes of experimental fat embolism: early pre-hypoxaemic changes. AB - Glyceryl trioleate has been injected into greyhounds as a model of the fat embolism syndrome. Pulmonary vascular pressures, systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output were determined at regular intervals over an 8-hour period. It has been shown that glyceryl tioleate causes an increased pulmonary vascular resistance and a fall in cardiac output. These effects are mediated partly by a direct mechanical block of pulmonary vessels and partly through a thrombogenic property of the injected fat. The relevance of these findings to the clinical situation is discussed and a sequence of events for the fat embolism syndrome is proposed. PMID- 831960 TI - The effects of prolonged hepatic ischaemia before 70 per cent partial hepatectomy in the dog. AB - The effect of prolonged normothermic ischaemia before partial hepatectomy was assessed in 10 dogs. During the period of ischaemia, portal decompression was maintained. The survival rate for animals undergoing 75 minutes of total liver ischaemia was 60 per cent and 2 of the dogs died as a result of hypoglycaemia. High levels of alkaline phosphatase and transaminases in the survivors indicated a severe degree of hepatocyte damage. However, complete restoration of liver mass was noted 6 weeks after partial hepatectomy and was not impaired by the prolonged ischaemia. This study confirms the resistance of the dog liver to ischaemia before partial hepatectomy. The critical period beyond which ischaemia is followed by an increasing number of deaths and severe metabolic upset is in the region of 1 hours. PMID- 831961 TI - Foramen magnum impaction in a case of acro-osteolysis. AB - A case of a rare, non-familial, generalized, congenital, osseous dysplasia is described with features which have previously been described under the name 'acro osteolysis'. Basilar invagination followed defective bone formation in the skull and this produced occipital headache and progressive neurological deterioration with involvement of the lower cranial nerves and cerebellar function. Hydrocephalus and valvular impaction of the cerebellum in the foramen magnum were demonstrated. Partial relief was obtained by foramen magnum decompression; death supervened from infection and respiratory inadequacy at the age of 20. PMID- 831962 TI - Treatment of acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 831963 TI - Antimicrobial proteins in sterilised human milk. AB - Human milk contains factors such as IgA and lactoferrin that increase the newborn infant's resistance to infection. Preterm infants are fed pooled milk, which is normally sterilised by heating. After standard heat sterilisation IgA and lactoferrin were undetectable in milk samples. Pasteurisation also sterilised milk samples even after heavy artificial contamination and did not damage the proteins. Gamma-irradiation sterilised equally effectively but caused some denaturation of IgA and lactoferrin. Since most of the milk samples were sterile or had only light contamination with skin bacteria, there seems to be no need for routine sterilisation. If sterilisation is necessary, the method used should be chosen to minimise damage to milk proteins. PMID- 831964 TI - Lumbar epidural analgesia in labour: relation to fetal malposition and instrumental delivery. AB - The incidence of instrumental delivery and malposition immediately before delivery was compared in patients who were given lumbar epidural analgesia and those who were not. Instrumental delivery was five times more common and a malposition of the fetal head was more than three times as common in the epidural group as in women who did not receive regional analgesia. Similar incidences were found even when the epidural was electively chosen before labour in the absence of medical indications. The instrumental delivery rate was affected by parity, the length of the second stage of labour, and the return of sensation by the second stage but not by other factors studied. The high incidence (20%) of malposition associated with epidural analgesia was not affected by any of the factors studied. The psychological and physical disadvantages of malposition and instrumental delivery have yet to be assessed. In the meantime, when there are no medical indications for epidural analgesia, the advantages of pain relief should be weighed against those of a normal spontaneous delivery. PMID- 831966 TI - Surgeons and the 20-80 rule. PMID- 831965 TI - Preventing thromboembolism after myocardial infarction: effect of low-dose heparin or smoking. AB - A trial of low-dose subcutaneous heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after myocardial infarction was carried out in 78 patients. Of the 37 heparin treated patients only two (5%) developed evidence of leg vein thrombosis, while 14 (34%) of the 41 controls did so, and five controls developed pulmonary emboli. Leg vein thrombosis developed in 12 (50%) of the 24 controls who did not smoke cigarettes but in only two (13%) of the 17 controls who were cigarette smokers. Non-smokers who have a myocardial infarction should be given low-dose heparin subcutaneously to prevent leg vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 831967 TI - Safety of children in cars. PMID- 831968 TI - Wound sepsis after cholecystectomy: effect of incidental appendicectomy. AB - The records of a consecutive series of 224 patients were analysed to discover the effect of incidental appendicectomy on the wound sepsis rate after cholecystectomy. One hundred and five patients had had a cholecystectomy alone and 119 cholecystectomy with incidental appendicectomy. The incidence of wound sepsis in patients not given adequate antibiotic prophylaxis was significantly lower (16-1%) when cholecystectomy alone was carried out than when the appendix was removed as well (41-1%). PMID- 831969 TI - Relevance of race in management of testicular tumours. PMID- 831970 TI - Importance of IgM determination in cord blood in cases of suspected rubella infection. PMID- 831971 TI - Lepromatous leprosy presenting with swelling of the legs. PMID- 831972 TI - Dissecting aortic aneurysm and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 831973 TI - Pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of nonprecipitating DNA antibody. PMID- 831974 TI - Self-poisoning with drugs: the past 20 years in Sheffield. AB - In Sheffield there are now over 1000 admissions to hospital each year because of self-poisoning, an increase of twentyfold over the past two decades. The city is representative of the Trent Region, and it can be confidently estimated that there are at least 100 000 cases of self-poisoning in the United Kingdom each year. Most patients are in their late teens and early twenties, and in young women self-poisoning is the most common cause of emergency admission to a medical ward. Although the drugs are usually prescribed by a doctor, patients, especially the young, are showing an increasing tendency to misappropriate drugs prescribed for others. The choice of drug is a matter of simple availability, and national trends in prescribing are reflected in the overdose figures. Barbiturates and paracetamol are responsible for the most deaths. Residence in densely populated areas may be a predisposing factor. PMID- 831975 TI - Domiciliary care for the elderly sick--economy or neglect? AB - This paper reports an investigation of the costs of domiciliary care for 139 elderly sick patients under the care of the home nursing service. The data suggest that there may be little economic advantage in home care for seriously disabled elderly people. The revenue cost of domiciliary care was equal to or greater than the average associated with residential or hospital custodial care in such patients. Even so, the cost of services received at home did not disclose the real need for domiciliary care, since at present this is obscured by compulsory rationing and the separation of responsibility between health and social services. It is suggested that the supposed economic advantage of domiciliary care will depend increasingly on restricting such services, thus increasing the degree of neglect to some patients. PMID- 831976 TI - Management of structural scoliosis. PMID- 831977 TI - Diseases of the alimentary system. Haematemesis and melaena. PMID- 831978 TI - Bed wetting. PMID- 831979 TI - Sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 831980 TI - Clinics in general practice. An addiction to drug treatment. PMID- 831982 TI - Economies through improved dermatology services. PMID- 831983 TI - The NHS is dead: long live the NHS. PMID- 831981 TI - The Archbishop and the neurosurgeon. PMID- 831985 TI - Mobile chest radiography. PMID- 831984 TI - The London hospitals scene. PMID- 831987 TI - The end of excellence. PMID- 831986 TI - Propranolol absorption. PMID- 831988 TI - General practitioner's role in management of labour. PMID- 831989 TI - Managing mild hypertension. PMID- 831990 TI - SI: two years on. PMID- 831991 TI - Risks of exotic infections. PMID- 831992 TI - Labelling of foodstuffs for patients with coeliac disease. PMID- 831993 TI - Local gold toxicity. PMID- 831994 TI - Prevention of cross-infection. PMID- 831995 TI - Toxocara infections and kennel workers. PMID- 831996 TI - L-tryptophan and sexual behaviour. PMID- 831997 TI - FEIBA in haemophiliacs with factor VIII inhibitor. PMID- 831998 TI - Low molecular weight dextran. PMID- 831999 TI - Philanthropic organisations and the NHS. PMID- 832000 TI - Do fat babies stay fat? AB - A total of 203 children included in a study of feeding practices and weight in infancy were reviewed four to five years later. Although in infancy 28 (14%) of the children were obese and a further 52 (26%) overweight, in childhood most were of normal weight and fatness, with only 5 (2-5%) obese and 22 (11%) overweight, Three of the five obese children were also obese as infants, but only one in nine obese infants was obese at 5 years. Weight in infancy does not necessarily indicate later body size. Tall stature of the children was probably related to their socioeconomic environment. PMID- 832001 TI - Molar dosage of calcium chloride solutions. PMID- 832002 TI - SI: two years on. PMID- 832003 TI - Propranolol absorption in Crohn's disease and coeliac disease. PMID- 832004 TI - Metronidazole and anaerobic sepsis. PMID- 832005 TI - Vitamin D status in different subgroups of British Asians. PMID- 832006 TI - D-Penicillamine and fatal obliterative bronchiolitis. PMID- 832007 TI - Chiropody services. PMID- 832008 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma testosterone concentration. PMID- 832009 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 832010 TI - Hip fractures up to date. PMID- 832011 TI - Management of appendicitis. PMID- 832012 TI - Retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 832013 TI - Timing of cervical smears. PMID- 832014 TI - Interferon options. PMID- 832015 TI - Primary dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 832016 TI - Inside the nucleus pulposus. PMID- 832017 TI - Statistical errors. PMID- 832018 TI - Influence of simultaneous low amniotomy and oxytocin infusion and other maternal factors on neonatal jaundice: a prospective study. AB - In a prospective study of 196 consecutive single births a significant increase in serum bilirubin concentrations was found in infants born after low amniotomy induction and oxytocin infusion compared with those born spontaneously. This relationship was not dose-dependent and may have been associated with artificial interruption of pregnancy rather than the oxytocin itself. Infants delivered after spontaneous labour accelerated by oxytocin showed no such increase. The hormonal surge at the spontaneous onset of labour may affect fetal enzyme induction, but other factors, such as methods of infant feeding and oral contraceptive use, were found not to be significant. PMID- 832019 TI - Rate of reversal of hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria induced by vitamin D and its 1alpha-hydroxylated derivatives. AB - The rate of reversal of hypercalcaemia or hypercalciuria induced by calciferol, dihydrotachysterol, 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha-OHD3), or 1-alpha, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha, 25-(OH)2D3) was measured in three normal subjects, two patients with osteoporosis, and 14 patients with disorders resistant to vitamin D. The half time for reversal after stopping 1-alpha, 25 (OH)2D3 was less than that after stopping 1-alpha-OHD3, calciferol, or dihydrotachysterol. The differences observed were independent of the dose given or length of treatment. When 1-alpha-OHD3 or 1-alpha-25-(OH)2D3 was stopped patients with vitamin D resistant states (hypoparathyroidism, renal tubular hypophosphataemia, or chronic renal failure) showed less rapid reversal of hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria than did normal subjects. These studies show one potential advantage of 1-alpha-25-(OH)2D3 over vitamin D, and possibly over 1 alpha-OHD3, in the management of vitamin D resistant states. PMID- 832020 TI - Salty sweat and ichthyosis in Addison's disease. PMID- 832021 TI - Hyponatraemia during carbamazepine treatment. PMID- 832022 TI - Steroid responsiveness in phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 832023 TI - Misuse of statistical methods: critical assessment of articles in BMJ from January to March 1976. AB - Sixty-two reports that appeared as Papers and Originals (excluding short reports) in 13 consecutive issues of the British Medical journal included statistical analysis. Thirty-two had statistical errors of one kind or another; in 18 fairly serious faults were discovered. The summaries of five reports made some claim that was unsupportable on re-examination of the data. Medical investigators should consult with people who have a real understanding of statistical methods throughout their projects. PMID- 832024 TI - Arthroscopy in practice. PMID- 832025 TI - Comprehensive clinical drug information service: first year's experience. AB - A comprehensive clinical drug information service, established in the Northern Region in May 1975, is manned by eight doctors--all clinical pharmacologists--and is available 24 hours a day. In the first year of operation 451 inquiries were received, 354 (78-5%) of which were "consultative." Though junior hospital doctors used the service most, almost half of the inquiries about adverse reactions to drugs came from consultants. PMID- 832026 TI - Diseases of the alimentary system. Dysphagia. PMID- 832028 TI - Monitoring adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 832027 TI - Where shall John go? Transkei. PMID- 832030 TI - Predicting fetal death. PMID- 832029 TI - Aspects of student health. Adolescent gynaecology. PMID- 832031 TI - Surgery for Meniere's disease. PMID- 832032 TI - Hospital and community paediatrics. PMID- 832033 TI - Grief and stillbirth. PMID- 832034 TI - Beauty spot or blemish. PMID- 832035 TI - Less usual forms of epilepsy. PMID- 832036 TI - "While the balance of his mind was disturbed". PMID- 832038 TI - Allergy to diazepam. PMID- 832037 TI - Apparent resistance to hypotensive effect of clonidine. AB - Clonidine failed to reduce the blood pressures of two patients with essential hypertension. On was given 5-4 mg/day and the other 6 mg/day, and their respective peak plasma clonidine concentrations were 26-2 ng/ml and 14-4 ng/ml. Several months after the end of clonidine treatment a single oral dose of 0-3 mg of clonidine produced maximum falls in blood pressure of 30/22 mm Hg and 88/41 mm Hg with peak plasma clonidine concentrations of 1-4 ng/ml and 0-9 ng/ml. Resistance to the hypotensive effect of high doses of clonidine may be due to stimulation of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors causing vasoconstriction, which maintains a raised blood pressure. PMID- 832039 TI - Fatal irreversible hypercalcaemia in breast cancer. PMID- 832040 TI - Hypercalcaemic crisis as presentation of Addison's disease. PMID- 832041 TI - Symptomatic magnesium deficiency after small-intestinal bypass for obesity. PMID- 832042 TI - Colonoscopy in surgical practice. AB - Colonoscopy is a rewarding new technique with a potential for early and more accurate diagnosis. One hundred and seventy colonoscopies carried out over the past three years showed or confirmed colonic cancer in 14 patients, and solitary or multiple colonic polyps were found in 28 cases, of which 18 were excised endoscopically. A large villous adenoma was diagnosed in one patient, and the absence of a suspected sinister lesion was shown by direct examination and biopsy in 110 cases. There were 17 examination failures, including two perforations of the bowel. Colonoscopy complements rather than supplants barium enema examination and will make diagnostic laparotomy for colonic lesions unnecessary. The use of the diathermy snare allows endoscopic removal of colonic polyps and should greatly reduce the need for formal surgery in these cases. The financial saving to the Health Service will greatly outweigh the expense of the procedure, but it should be undertaken only in well organised centres as a specialist service for selected patients. In skilled hands it is safe, but potential hazards exist for the inexperienced endoscopist. PMID- 832043 TI - Management of broken legs. PMID- 832044 TI - A case of haematuria. PMID- 832045 TI - Discussion document on ethical responsibilities of doctors practising in National Health Service. Joint working party of the Conference of Medical Royal Colleges and their faculties in the UK and the British Medical Association. PMID- 832046 TI - Diseases of the alimentary system. View from general practice. PMID- 832047 TI - Smoking and health. PMID- 832048 TI - Smoking habits of medical students. PMID- 832050 TI - Pancreatic diagnosis. PMID- 832049 TI - Diffuse myelitis associated with rubella vaccination. PMID- 832052 TI - SI: two years on--a lesson for the Royal Commission. PMID- 832051 TI - Lomotil in acute diarrhoea. PMID- 832053 TI - Counselling and the student. PMID- 832054 TI - Neck injuries in seatbelt wearers. PMID- 832055 TI - General practitioner's role in the management of labour. PMID- 832056 TI - Postcoital contraception. PMID- 832057 TI - Smallpox vaccination for nurses. PMID- 832058 TI - The intrauterine device and ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 832059 TI - "Dear doctor...". PMID- 832060 TI - Prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension. PMID- 832061 TI - Tetracyclines in the elderly. PMID- 832062 TI - Treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. PMID- 832063 TI - Compulsory fluoridation. PMID- 832065 TI - Is golf enough. PMID- 832064 TI - Femoral neck fractures. PMID- 832066 TI - Doctors and administrators. PMID- 832067 TI - Adjuvant therapy of lung cancer: now sits expectation in the air. PMID- 832068 TI - Suppressing lactation. PMID- 832069 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 832070 TI - Deafness and mental health. PMID- 832071 TI - Radiation-induced breast cancer. PMID- 832072 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: relation of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates to radiographic changes. AB - Serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were measured in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographical damage, based on a count of erosions, was significantly more likely to occur when serum CRP and ESR were persistently raised, irrespective of the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor. Measurements of both CRP and ESR were more helpful than either alone, but CRP was probably the more informative. Serial measurements of CRP and ESR provide a reliable means of discriminating between drugs that provide symptomatic relief only and those with a more profound effect in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 832073 TI - Continuous intrauterine copper contraception for 3 years: comparison of replacement at 2 years with continuation of use. AB - A total of 1245 women had a copper 7 intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) inserted in 1971-3 were followed up for three years (22 761-5 women months of use). After 24 months 483 women elected to continue with the same copper 7 (continuation group), and 183 had their copper 7 replaced with a new one (replacement group). The subsequent pregnancy and expulsion rates were both significantly lower in the replacement group. The higher pregnancy rate among the women who continued to use their copper 7 device for a third year suggests that although the copper is still there, it is not available for contraceptive action. Replacing the device at 24 months did not seem to cause again the problems that usually occur in the first six months of IUD use. PMID- 832074 TI - Influenza subunit vaccine: antibody responses to one and two doses of vaccine and length of response, with particular reference to the elderly. AB - Antibody responses to subunit influenza vaccine prepared against A2/England/42/72 (h3n2) were studied in 69 volunteers aged 60 and over and 231 aged 59 and below over 12 months in 1973 and 1974. After two doses of vaccine seroconversion frequencies and geometric mean haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres were higher in the elderly, but no differences were observed between the two groups in the length of their responses. Sixteen (23%) of the elderly volunteers seroconverted only after receiving a second dose of vaccine or seroconverted twice after receiving both doses of vaccine. It was considered justifiable, therefore, to recommend the continuation of a two-dose schedule for patients in a high-risk category. Within 30 weeks of vaccination 87 (29%) volunteers had considerably reduced HI titres (less than 48), which might indicate potential susceptibility to influenza during an epidemic, and the number had risen to 132 (44%) by 50 weeks. It was suggested that high-risk patients should receive annnual vaccination two to four months before the possible epidemic period. PMID- 832075 TI - Intrauterine deposition of calcium on copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - Copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) removed after various times in utero were examined by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of the elements present. As time in utero increased these devices became increasingly calcified. This calcification may limit the release of copper from the devices and decrease the specific contraceptive effectiveness of copper over an enert plastic device. Conversely, any teratogenic effects attributable to the copper may decrease with time in utero and depend on the extent of calcification. Even though the amount of copper in the device is not significantly diminished after two years, devices should not remain in situ for over two years because calcium accumulation probably prevents further diffusion of copper. Calcification can begin as early as six months after insertion. Consequently a careful review of the amount of time a copper-containing IUD should be left in situ should be undertaken. PMID- 832076 TI - Liver-cell-membrane autoantibody specific for inflammatory liver diseases. AB - With an immunofluorescence technique using rabbit hepatocytes isolated by a non enzymatic method an autoantibody directed against liver-cell-membrance was identified. Sera from 361 patients with various liver diseases and 274 patients with primary non-hepatic diseases-many associated with non-organ-specific auto antibodies-were examined. The antibody (LMA) was found in 27 out of 72 patients with hepatitis-B-surgace antigen (HBsAg)-negative chronic active hepatitis and in 17 out of 28 patients with HBsAg-negative non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Only two patients had LMA and HBsAg, and both had chronic active hepatitis. One patient with extrhepatic disease was found to have LMA, and this patient had biochemical evidence of liver disease. Hence there is a close correlation between the presence of LMA and HBsAg-negative chronic inflammatory liver diseases and its detection may help in diagnosis. PMID- 832077 TI - Value of radiochromium investigation in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 832078 TI - Liquorice toxicity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis in man. PMID- 832079 TI - Hyponatraemia: adverse effect of diuretic treatment. PMID- 832080 TI - Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on magnesium metabolism in chronic renal failure. PMID- 832081 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. PMID- 832083 TI - Obstetric flying squad service-a defence. AB - Eighty-one calls made by the obstetric flying squad in West Berkshire were assessed on the basis of a suggestion that patients would do as well, if not better, if they were brought straight to hospital by ambulance rather than await the arrival of the flying squad. Of the 81 calls, 36 were made to general practitioner maternity units and 45 were made to patients' homes. In both groups, the flying squad service was considered to be still of great value. Though slightly slower than an emergency ambulance call, it represents a much safer method of transporting an obstetric patient in an emergency. PMID- 832082 TI - Clinicopathological Conference. Diagnostic difficulties in a case of polypharmacy. Demonstrated at the Royal College of Physicians of London. AB - The fifteenth quarterly clinicopathological conference was held at the Royal College of Physicians of London on 29 July 1976. The conference was chaired by Professor Sheila Sherlock (1). She began by introducing Professor Jean-Pierre Benhamou (2), professor of gastroenterology at the Beaujon-Clichy Hospital, University of Paris, who was to open the discussion of the case. Professor Sherlock emphasised that this case had no great denouement but was more a talking point for various aspects of hepatology, a review of the state of the art. Dr James Scott (3) presented the case, and Dr R Dick (4) described the radiological findings. PMID- 832084 TI - Treatment and prognosis in clubfoot. PMID- 832085 TI - Where shall John go? Newfoundland. PMID- 832086 TI - Cord blood IgM and suspected congenital rubella. PMID- 832087 TI - Marathon running and atherosclerosis. PMID- 832088 TI - Chapatty intake, vitamin D status and Asian rickets. PMID- 832089 TI - Labelling of foodstuffs for patients with coeliac disease. PMID- 832090 TI - Septic arthritis in rheumatoid disease. PMID- 832091 TI - The end of excellence. PMID- 832093 TI - "Nurse consultants". PMID- 832092 TI - Thrombosis statistics. PMID- 832095 TI - Safety of children in cars. PMID- 832094 TI - Danger of instant adhesives. PMID- 832096 TI - Abnormal calcium metabolism in normocalcaemic sarcoidosis. PMID- 832097 TI - Insulin: U40, U80, or U100. PMID- 832098 TI - Biguanides and lactic acidosis. PMID- 832099 TI - Intravenous drug administration for domiciliary emergencies. PMID- 832100 TI - Occupational exposure to inhaled anaesthetics. PMID- 832101 TI - Numerical taxonomy of aphasia. PMID- 832102 TI - The transcoding processes in patients with agraphia to dictation. PMID- 832103 TI - Incongruous oral and written naming. Evidence for a subdivision of the syndrome of Wernicke's aphasia. PMID- 832104 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in human infants: spectral analysis of flash and click evoked potentials. PMID- 832105 TI - Perception of nonlinguistic auditory rhythms by the speech hemisphere. PMID- 832106 TI - Within-modal and cross-modal reliabilities of two laterality tests. PMID- 832107 TI - The processing of fundamental frequency in a dichotic matching task. PMID- 832108 TI - Brain perfusion and neuropsychological test scores: a correlation study in aphasics. PMID- 832109 TI - Thought-process disorder in schizophrenia: the listener's task. PMID- 832110 TI - In vivo test for myelinotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A quantitative double blind procedure is described to test the myelinotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid (SSF) by using optic nerves of Xenopus tadpoles as an in vivo model of a myelinated CNS tract. Only 0.5 ml of unconcentrated CSF is needed for a test and the result is known in 5 days. Groups of 8-10 Xenopus tadpoles received a subcutaneous injection of 12-13 muL of a coded CSF sample or of a saline control solution around the right optic nerve. After 48 h, whole mounts of the right optic nerves were prepared and the slides were randomized before using a differential-interference contrast microscope to count the myelin lesions. The myelinotoxicity of a CSF sample was considered positive (+) when it produced significantly higher (P less than 0.01) counts than the saline control. When P was less than 0.05, the counts were recorded as borderline (+/-) and it was negative (-) when P was greater than 0.05. PMID- 832111 TI - A preparation enriched with insect somatic, excitatory, neuromuscular terminals. PMID- 832112 TI - Butyrylcholinesterase activity in fenestrated capillaries of the rat area postrema. PMID- 832113 TI - Neurotoxic effects of glutamate on mouse area postrema. PMID- 832114 TI - Long range effects of MPOA lesion on mating behavior in the male rat. PMID- 832115 TI - Inverted vision in adult cats: preservation of unidirectionality in cortical neurons. PMID- 832116 TI - A persistent negative resistance in cat lumbar motoneurons. PMID- 832117 TI - Velocity of supraspinal input and conduction velocity of axons of spinal motoneurons. PMID- 832118 TI - Metabolism of dopamine in the substantia nigra after antidromic activation. PMID- 832119 TI - Somatosensory properties of spinoreticular neurons in the cat. AB - (1) Spinal cord neurons projecting to the brain stem were studied in cats prepared by decerebration or anesthetized with barbiturate or nitrous oxide and halothane. Antidromic stimulation from the medial pontomedullary reticular formation (MDRF) and midbrain (MB) was used to identify the site of projection. (2) Receptive fields were mapped using adequate stimuli. A variety of noxious stimuli was employed to establish the capacity of these neurons to transmit nociceptive input. (3) Neurons were found to project bilaterally to the MPRF. Of 46 units tested for a more rostral projection, only 13 were activated from the MB electrode. (4) Neurons fall into three categories based on receptive fields: cutaneous, restricted (SR); deep, restricted (DR); and complex, extensive (CE). All 16 SR neurons were located in the dorsal horn and had low thresholds to mechanical stimulation of the skin. Seven discharged maximally to nociceptive inputs. The 34 DR neurons were widely distributed in the spinal gray and responded to pressure upon subcutaneous structures. Although 13 neurons increased their firing rate as the stimulus intensity was increased into the noxious range, nociceptive input could only be established with confidence in 4 neurons. The 38 CE neurons were located ventrally in the spinal gray and had highly convergent inputs from cutaneous and deep receptors. Ten responded maximally to noxious stimulation. PMID- 832120 TI - Spreading depression in isolated carp retina. AB - (1) Spreading depression (SD) could be elicited in isolated carp retina by KCI application, the concomitants of which were similar to those described in other vertebrates. (2) The threshold for generating SD was greatly reduced by brief immersion of the retina in low ci-ringer's solutions. The properties of SD waves were almost the same with treated and untreated retinas, except for intervals. (3) Extracellular negative potential shifts during SD, averaging 4.6 mV in amplitude and 27 sec in duration, were recorded in whole retinal layers with the maximum amplitude about at the inner plexiform layer. (4) The PIII potential of the local electroretinogram was virtually unaffected by SD. (5) Both L-and C-type S-potentials could be evoked with increase of 20-40% in amplitude around the peak of slow membrane depolarizations (mean value of maximal amplitude 5.8 mV) during SD in horizontal cells. (6) Increase in spike number was observed in both on-and off-center ganglion cells before and after the spike cessation during SD in the untreated retina. However, the off-discharges, which were a unique response to light in the immersed retina, only decreased during SD. PMID- 832121 TI - Opiate antagonist, naloxone, strongly reduces analgesia induced by stimulation of a raphe nucleus (centralis inferior). AB - The analgesic effects obtained in the cat by central inferior raphe nucleus stimulation are greatly reduced by the administration of a specific opiate antagonist, naloxone. In 12 of 16 cats analgesia, tested by pinches applied on the 4 limbs or the tail, was totally abolished. Analgesia tested by considering the increase of the threshold of the jaw opening reflex was reduced to 44% of the initial value. These results emphasize the relation existing between morphine analgesia and analgesia induced by central stimulation. To try to explain the effects of naloxone, one may suppose that central stimulation releases an endogenous morphine-like substance such as enkephalin. PMID- 832122 TI - Ceiling of stimulus induced rises in extracellular potassium concentration in the cerebral cortex of cat. AB - Levels of extracellular potassium activity (aK) during repetitive electrical stimulation were measured with ion sensitive microelectrodes in the somatosensory cortex of the cat to determine maximum values ("ceiling" levels) under different experimental conditions. The maximal values of aK were 10.2 mequiv./1 during stimulation of the cortical surface (CS) or of the nucleus ventroposterolateralis thalami (VPL) and during selfsustained afterdischarges (SAD). Similarly, peak values were 6.5 mequiv./1 for the nucleus ventrolateralis anterior and 4 mequiv./1 for the nucleus centromedianus as well as for the nucleus cuneatus. The rise in aK during a test stimulus with constant intensity and frequency was inversely related to the level of aK produced by a preceding stimulation. Also rise in aK during SAD was smaller when it started from an enhanced level of aK. During repetitive stimulation of CS or VPL a rise in aK was not observed when aK was increased to levels above 10 mequiv./1 by superfusion with potassium enriched solutions. An electrophoretically evoked K+ test signal was reduced between 10 and 48% when applied during stimulus induced increased levels of aK. Stimulus induced potassium changes could become negative when aK was increased to levels above 7 mequiv./1 by local electrophoresis, while the stimulus induced increase in neuronal discharge rate did not disappear or reverse. Amplitudes of ECoG and local evoked potentials were reduced as aK increased during stimulation or superfusion. It is suggested that the ceiling in its steady state is maintained by an active K+ uptake mechanism which balances extra releases of K+. Decreased release of K+ at increased levels of aK may in addition limit the rise in aK. PMID- 832123 TI - An extensive exploration of the rat brain for sites mediating prostaglandin induced hyperthermia. AB - Experiments designed to ascertain the site or sites within the brain where prostaglandins act to evoke hyperthermia were carried out. At an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, microinjections of PGE1 (50-100 ng) or saline vehicle were made in restrained rats. The 272 sites tested formed a matrix encompassing much of the subcortical tissue rostral to the medulla. The sensitivity of each site to PGE1 was evaluated on the basis of the dose required to elicit a criterion level of effect and on the intensity of the effect evoked by a fixed dose. Injections of PGE1 into a sensitive site typically produced a rapidly developing, short lasting, monophasic rise in body temperature. Saline injected at these sites produced no initial hyperthermia. Almost all of the active sites were located within the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region (AH/PO). The sites of greatest reactivity were found in the ventral aspect of the tissue lying between the anterior commissure and the optic chiasm. These data suggest that the AH/PO region is an important and probably the only supramedullary site of PGE1 action in the rat brain. PMID- 832124 TI - The role of the pituitary-adrenal system in the footshock-induced increase of [3H]lysine incorporation into mouse brain and liver proteins. AB - The brains of mice subjected to electric footshocks took up more free [3H]lysine and incorporated more [3H]lysine into protein than did the brains of undisturbed mice, suggesting that footshocks caused increased cerebral protein synthesis. The possible mediation of these effects by hormones of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was investigated. Despite adrenalectomy, footshock treatment still elevated the poolcorrected [3H]lysine incorporation into cerebral protein. Pretreatment with dexamethasone, which greatly suppressed the pituitary-adrenal response to footshocks, prevented the increase in [3H]lysine incorporation. It is suggested that ACTH itself may mediate this stress-induced increase in net free [3H]lysine uptake. Although the lysine uptake response thus appeared to depend upon the presence of the adrenal glands, the response was not mimicked by injection of corticosterone. The response of liver [3H]lysine metabolism was studied in the same experiments. Footshock treatment decreased the net uptake and increased the incorporation into protein, in normal, adrenalectomized and dexamethasone-pretreated mice. Corticosterone did not mimic these effects. Thus, the metabolic response to footshock of liver, unlike that of brain, appeared to be independent of the pituitary-adrenal system. PMID- 832125 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of noradrenergic terminals in the rat dentate gyrus. PMID- 832126 TI - Retinohypothalamic projection: electrophysiological evidence for the existence in female rats. PMID- 832128 TI - The role of visual cortex for binocular interactions in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 832127 TI - Medial preoptic nucleus neurons: inhibition and facilitation of spontaneous activity following stimulation of the median eminence in female rats. PMID- 832129 TI - Lack of recovery in collicular neurons from the effects of early deprivation or neonatal cortical lesion in the kitten. PMID- 832130 TI - The effect of skin temperature on the hypothalamic control of heat loss and heat production. PMID- 832131 TI - Effects of oligomycin on respiration in developing rat brain mitochondria. PMID- 832132 TI - Glutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy. PMID- 832133 TI - Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase within the amygdaloid complex and stria terminalis system. AB - The distribution of "marker" enzymes for cholinergic neurons has been studied in 10 subdivisions of the amygdaloid complex of the rat brain. Choline acetyltransferase activity was measured using a radiochemical method in samples dissected from fresh serial sections. Acetylcholinesterase was studied using a histochemical procedure. Both enzymes had similar patterns of distribution within the amygdaloid complex and were most concentrated in the posterior lateral and basolateral nuclei and in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. These enzymes were much less concentrated in the cortical, medial, central, and basomedial nuclei. Large differences in acetylcholinesterase staining were found within the lateral posterior and the basolateral nuclei and within the pyriform cortex. Biochemical studies showed a parallel distribution of choline acetyltransferase within these nuclei. The results indicate that cholinergic neural elements in the amygdala are concentrated primarily in the basolateral complex and suggest that this region may be innervated by cholinergic fibers traveling in the ventral amygdalo-fugal pathway. PMID- 832134 TI - Stimulated release of [3H]beta-alanine from the rabbit retina. AB - The efflux of [3H]beta-alanine from rabbit retina after intravitreal injection has been studied. The site of uptake of [3H]beta-alanine into retina was checked by autoradiography and was found mainly in the inner plexiform layer and in cells with the position of amacrines and in some ganglion cells. When the preloaded retina was stimulated by light flashes and release of radioactivity increased significantly. Chromatography of the superfusate demonstrated a single radioactive spot which cochromatographed with authentic beta-alanine. The efflux of [3H]beta-alanine was affected by raising the K+ concentration. The rate of efflux was also immediately increased when unlabelled beta-alanine or GABA was added to the superfusion medium. Glycine was much less effective. The present study shows that light stimulation releases [3H]beta-alanine from the retina and that beta-alanine may use the same transport system as GABA. This further supports the suggestion that beta-alanine may act as a "false transmitter" replacing GABA in the retina. PMID- 832135 TI - Depression of the recurrent inhibition of extensor motoneurons by the action of group II afferents. AB - The influence of varying the muscular afferent fiber input on both the normal firing rate (Fn) and the amount of recurrent inhibition (Fn-Fi) induced by a constant ventral root stimulation was investigated on tonic extensor motoneurons recorded from ventral root filaments in decerebrate cats. The afferent input was varied by graded electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius nerves and by vibrating the triceps surae muscle (100 mum amplitude). When the input consisted solely of impulses in Ia afferents, as was the case during vibration, the mean recurrent inhibition Fn-Fi was 2.3 times greater than during nerve tetanization at 1.8 times threshold of group I (TI). This strength generally excited all group I and some low-threshold group II afferents. Between 1.8 TI and 8 TI, Fn-Fi decreased by some 50%. The average Fn increased slightly and motoneurons with a phasic discharge pattern were recruited when the stimulus strength was raised so as to excite group II afferents; these cells were never recruited during vibration and nerve tetanization at 1.8 TI. The results indicate the possibility of a disinhibitory action of secondary muscle spindle afferents on extensor motoneurons by reducing the recurrent inhibition. PMID- 832136 TI - Evidence for defective incorporation of proteins in myelin of the quaking mutant mouse. AB - The defect in myelinogenesis present in the Quaking mutant mouse was investigated using a double radioisotope technique for comparing the incorporation of amino acid into myelin proteins of normal and mutant mice. Quaking mice and littermate controls received intracranial injections of 150 muCi [3H]glycine and 25 muCi of [14C]glycine respectively. After 2 h their brains were combined and jointly processed to obtain subcellular fractions. The 3H/14C ratio for the myelin subfraction was 1.88 as compared to a 3H/14C ratio of 3.0 for the other subfractions, indicating a 40% decrease in glycine incorporation into myelin of Quaking mice. Myelin proteins were separated by discontinuous gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the 3H/14C ratios determined in each gel slice. In contrast to the microsomal subfractions which gave a 3H/14C ratio of 2.6 across the gel, the 3H/14C ratio of myelin showed large variations with values ranging from 0.54 for proteolipid protein to 2.0 for some of the high molecular weight proteins. During development, the Quaking mutant exhibited a preferential depression in glycine incorporation into proteolipid protein in 18 day-old mice, while in older animals (32-54 days) the fast migrating basic protein, as well as the proteolipid protein, was labeled to a significantly lesser extent. PMID- 832137 TI - The differentiation of synthesis from incorporation of basic protein in Quaking mutant mouse myelin. AB - The incorporation of radioactive label into the myelin basic protein isolated from whole brain and from purified myelin of Quaking mice and normal littermates was compared. four Quaking mice (32 days) and 4 littermate controls were injected intracranially with 150 muCi [2-3H]glycine and 25 muCi of [2-14C]glycine, respectively. One hour later, the 8 mice were sacrificed and their brains combined for common homogenization. The 3H/14C ratios of the small and large basic protiens in whole brain were 3.44 and 2.48 respectively, while the 3H/14C ratios for these proteins in myelin were 0.79 and 1.00, respectively. In the same experiment, the microsomal fraction had a 3H/14C ratio of 2.98 which is the expected ratio for normal incorporation. The results indicate that the synthesis of basic protein in whole brain of Quaking mouse proceeds at a normal rate, but specifically, the incorporation of basic protein into myelin is depressed suggesting a defect at the step of assembly of myelin components into a final membrane product. PMID- 832138 TI - Effects of thyroid dysfunction on the development of the rat cerebellum, with special reference to cell death within the internal granular layer. AB - The increased cell death within the internal granular layer of the cerebellar cortex, previously demonstrated by other investigators in 12-day-old rats treated with propylthiouracil, was found again in 10-, 14- and 21-day-old similarly treated young rats. In thyroid-deficient as well as in normal animals, cell death was maximal at 10 days. In hypothyroid rats, the greatest difference with the normal animals was at 14 days, when there was an increase by a factor of 20 of the number of dying cells. On day 13, the ratio of free to total N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase activities was also increased by 34%. Cell death predominantly occurred in the lower part of the internal granular layer at 10 days, in the middle part at 14 days and the upper part at 21 days. The increase in thickness of the molecular layer, which reflects the development of the Purkinje cell dendritic arborizations, was also more retarded than the acquisition of a normal ratio of granule cells to Purkinje cells. Administration of a daily dose of 0.10 mug thyroxine to thyroid-deficient animals was sufficient (and a lower dose insufficient) to return to normal the number of dying cells as well as the development of the molecular layer and the evolution of the ratio of granule cells to Purkinje cells. A daily dose of T4 as low as 0.20 or 0.25 mug already induced a marked hyperthyroid state resulting in a decrease in granule cells formation without increased cell death. Indeed, an increased cell death seemed to occur only when the normal synchronism between the development of the Purkinje cell arborizations and the laying down of granule cells was suppressed, as is the case in thyroid deficiency but not in neonatal hyperthyroidism. PMID- 832139 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for the formation of synapses and synaptoid contacts in adrenal medullary grafts. PMID- 832140 TI - Differential efferent connections of the brain stem to the hippocampus in the cat. PMID- 832141 TI - Ultrastructural localisation of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in nerve terminals of the rat brain. PMID- 832142 TI - Characteristics of responses of medial brain stem neurons to horizontal head angular acceleration and electrical stimulation of the labyrinth in the cat. PMID- 832143 TI - Effect of corticosterone on the synthesis of [3H]catecholamines in the brains of CD-1 mice. PMID- 832144 TI - Failure of a phospholipase A inhibitor to inhibit beta-bungarotoxin phospholipase A. PMID- 832145 TI - Conversion of the hypothalamic estradiol receptor to the "nuclear" form. PMID- 832146 TI - Further identification of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia using behavioral criteria. AB - This review is an updating of the paper by Frazier et at. 13 in which 30 individual cells and 8 cell clusters were identified in the abdominal ganglion of of Aplysia californica on the basis of morphological, physiological and pharmacological criteria. Since that time, a number of neurobiological studies have utilized the neurons of the abdominal ganglion for behavioral studies. Based on these new investigations, 32 additional cells and 2 additional cell clusters have been identified, bringing the total of identified cells in the ganglion to 62 individual cells and 10 cell clusters. Additional features of the previously identified cells have also emerged. Much of the new information concerns the role of identified cells in behavior. We have summarized the current list of identified cells in the abdominal ganglion emphasizing these behavioral features. We also review the known synaptic connections made by identified interneurons in the ganglion. Included are descriptions of 6 new interneurons that connect to other cells in the ganglion. A major conclusion from this survey is that behavioral criteria permit resolution between cells in identified cell clusters that could previously not be distinguished using other criteria. PMID- 832147 TI - Factors contributing to the modulation of norepinephrine uptake by synaptosomes from mouse brain cortex. AB - The mode of inheritance of the synaptosomal mechanism for uptake of norepinephrine (NE) was studied in two inbred strains of mice, BALB/cBY and C57BL/6BY, along with the reciprocal F1 hybrids and 7 recombinant inbred strains, CXBD, CXBE, CXBG,CXBH,CXBI,CXBJ and CXBK. All these strains were also tested in the open field as a measure of response to mild stress, since stress had been shown to affect the kinetic constants of synaptosomal uptake. The two parental strains show a significant difference in Km for NE uptake similar to that previously reported between BALB/cJ and C57BL/10J, and no significant difference in V max. The F1 hybrids resemble C57BL/6BY, and the recombinant inbred strains show no significant differences from either parent with only minor exceptions. This makes further genetic analysis impossible with the data available at this time. A high positive correlation exists between Km and Vmax (r=0.89). The affinity for NE uptake and the number of uptake sites available seem to be modulated in a coordinated fashion. When the data on Km for all strains tested are pooled, a bimodal distribution is apparent. There are two populations with means of 2.25 and 4.03 x 10-7 M, respectively. Analysis of open field ambulation enables the strains to be divided into a high (C57BL/6BY, BXCF1, CXBF1, CXBD, CXBE, and CXBK) and a low group (BALB/cBY, CXBG, CXGH, CXGI and CXBJ). There is a significant negative interstrain correlation (r=0.87) between open field ambulation and Km for NE uptake. If we take open field ambulation as an index of reactivity to stress (high ambulation-low reactivity and vice versa), then we can regroup the data on NE uptake into two categories: 78% of the mice from the highly reactive strains presents high Km for NE uptake, while only 35% of the non reactive mice show high Km. The bimodal distribution is apparent in both cases and the means of both high Km groups are identical; the same is true of the means for both low Km groups of strains of mice. It appears that Km for NE uptake does not vary along a continuum but it presents two discrete values. This would be suggestive of the existence of two distinct conformational states for the presumably proteinic uptake site. Stress presumably causes a switch from the high affinity conformation to the low affinity conformation. Thus a higher percentage of individuals from strains highly reactive to stress shows low affinity for NE uptake. PMID- 832148 TI - Olfactory system damage and brain catecholamines in the rat. AB - Although a number of studies have reported that bulbectomy results in a fall in telencephalic norepinephrine (NE) content, the present study is the first to examine the relationship between the locus and extent of olfactory system damage and the depletion of telencephalic catecholamines after olfactory system surgery. Our findings indicate that the often reported depletion of telencephalic NE after olfactory bulb ablation is not due to removal of the olfactory bulbs per se, but instead is the result of incidentally produced destruction of tissue, caudal to the bulbs, through which noradrenergic fibers ascend on their way to various regions of the telencephalon. PMID- 832150 TI - Receptive-field properties of X-, Y- and intermediate cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 832149 TI - Pharmacological study of two kinds of cholinoreceptors on the membrane of identified completely isolated neurones of Planorbarius corneus. AB - Completely isolated identified neurones (LPed-2 and LPed-3) of the left pedal ganglion of Planorbarius corneus were shown to have two kinds of cholinoreceptors (ChR) on their membrane. One kind of ChR is a classical nicotinic receptor which is sensitive to nicotinomimetics and can be blocked by tubocurarine; the depolarization caused by activation of this ChR type is chloride-dependent. The other kind of ChR, which mediates a potassium-dependent hyperpolarization, has some common features with muscarinic (M) ChR of vertebrates, being sensitive to the muscarinomimetics, dioxolane F-2268, methylfurmethide, mecholyl, and arecoline, although insensitive to oxotremorine. The sensitivity of this receptor to muscarine, itself, was not tested. Like the muscarinic ChR of vertebrates, it can be blocked by benzilylcholine mustard, but, in contrast to vertebrate muscarinic receptors, it cannot be blocked by atropine and cannot distinguish between the optical isomers of F-2268. TEA, mytolon, and cooling prevent the hyperpolarization caused by ACh and muscarinomimetics. The two kinds of ChR in P. corneus neurones seem to be similar to those found by Kehoe24-26 on the medial cells of Aplysia pleural ganglia, both in their pharmacological characteristics and in the ionic permeability changes which they control. PMID- 832151 TI - Monosynaptic excitation of trochlear motoneurons following electrical stimulation of the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus. PMID- 832152 TI - Muller cell depolarization evoked by antidromic optic nerve stimulation. PMID- 832153 TI - Interpositus neuron discharge in relation to a voluntary movement. PMID- 832154 TI - Calcium-induced electron density in synaptic vesicles of afferent and efferent synapses on hair cells in the lateral line organ. PMID- 832156 TI - Whole cell and nuclear uptake of [3H]estriol in neural and peripheral tissues of the ovariectomized guinea pig. PMID- 832155 TI - Effects of calcium on the potassium-stimulated release of radioactive beta alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid from slices of rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord. PMID- 832157 TI - Cerebral circulatory and metabolism changes following amphetamine administration. PMID- 832158 TI - Survival of functional synapses on crustacean neurons lacking cell bodies. AB - Previous workers have demonstrated that some crustacean neurons remain capable of spike propagation and transmitter release and replenishment for months after removal of their perikarya. Here, it is shown that postsynaptic reactions to chemical synaptic input can also persist for months after removal of the soma of the postsynaptic neuron. Interneuron A of the crayfish abdominal cord receives chemically transmitting terminals of ipsilateral tactile afferents of the tail fan. The neuron's soma lies contralateral to its axon and dendrites at the caudal margin of the last abdominal ganglion. The region containing the soma was removed. Interneuron A unambiguously identified by receptive field, location, and size, survived and continued to respond sensitively to tactile input in better than 50% of the cases examined for more than 8 weeks. Cobalt filling of the active fiber in several 8-week-old preparations ruled out the possibility that the severed neurite had reconnected with a foreign soma. PMID- 832159 TI - Electrophysiological concomitants of eating induced from neocortex and hippocampus by electrical stimulation and injection of KC1 or norepinephrine. AB - EEG and DC activity were recorded from the hippocampus and neocortex in freely moving rats during consummatory behavior elicited by electrical stimulation and application of KC1 or norepinephrine to these structures. Eating induced by KC1 application or electrical stimulation of the neocortex or hippocampus was accompanied by single or multiple waves of spreading depression (SD), i.e., by traveling slow potential change. An analysis of single vs. multiple cortical SD waves indicated that when multiple waves occurred, feeding was elicited by the first wave. Injection of norepinephrine into the hippocampus resulted in a significantly larger and qualitatively different feeding response compared to KC1 injections. No apparent changes in the EEG or DC activity occurred upon norepinephrine injections. PMID- 832160 TI - Amygdala afferents from the mediobasal hypothalamus: an electrophysiological and neuroanatomical study in the rat. AB - Electrophysiological techniques and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used to determine the efferent projections from the caudal mediobasal hypothalamus to the amygdala. In pentobarbital anesthetized rats, the activity of 1780 mediobasal hypothalamic neurons was examined for response to stimulation sites in the amygdala and stria terminalis. Evidence of orthodromic activation from both stimulation sties was commonly observed. Sixty-five cells mostly located in the ventromedial nucleus displayed antidromic invasion from the basolateral, basomedial or cortical amygdala over a latency range of 5-34 msec (mean 15.3 +/- 6.7 msec S.D.). Three of 440 tested cells displayed antidromic activation from stimulation on the stria terminalis. Amygdala evoked antidromic responses were still present after lesions of the stria terminalis. May ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic neurons and a few cells in the ipsilateral arcuate nucelus and periventricular region and contralateral ventromedial nucleus displayed retrograde transport of HRP after an infection into the amygdala. Lesions of the stria terminalis had little effect on the numbers of HRP labeled neurons. Relatively more neurons were labeled retrogradely after medial injections than after lateral injections in the amygdala. Data from both electrophysiological and anatomical techniques therefore indicate that certain mediobasal hypothalamic neurons, particularly those located in the ipsilateral ventromedial nucleus, project to the amygdala probably via a route other than the stria terminalis. Thus there is substantial evidence in the rat for reciprocal connections between the amygdala and the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. PMID- 832161 TI - Development of afferent lamination in the fascia dentata of the rat. AB - In the present study we examine the development of afferent lamination in the fascia dentata of the postnatal rat, as a first step in determining possible mechanisms controlling synaptic specificity in this system. This analysis is based on degeneration-induced argyrophilia as well as autoradiographic labeling of the entorhinal and commissural/associational afferents. Both methods show that in spite of the immaturity of the neonatal fascia dentata, these afferent systems have already established territorial relationships by 4 days of age which persist into adulthood. At 4 days, the entorhinal projection is restricted approximately to the outer 45 mum of the 80 mum wide molecular layer. The commissural/associational projection occupies appoximately the inner 35 mum of the molecular layer. At older ages the commissural/associational zone increases in width very slowly relative to the entorhinal zone. We also discuss these results in relation to potential mechanisms of afferent development and dendritic differentiation. PMID- 832162 TI - The mechanism of action of diphenylhydantoin or invertebrate neurons. I. Effects on basic membrane properties. AB - The effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) has been studied on certain membrane properties of the crayfish stretch receptor neuron (SRN) and of neurons in the abdominal and buccal ganglia of Aplysia. DPH decreases the amplitude of post tetanic hyperpolarization of the SRN, which is thought to be an expression of the electrogenic pump, and does not antagonize the effect of ouabain on this activity. DPH decreases the membrane resistance of all the different types of neurons studied, with little or no change in the resting membrane potential. It decreases the overshoot of the action potential in some of the neurons studied and prolongs the falling phase and the undershoot in other neurons. DPH also decreases repetitive firing. These effects have also been observed at different external concentrations of potassium. It is concluded that DPH, in the different preparations studied, does not have any effect on or decreases the electrogenic pump, but produces changes in other membrane properties which are consistent with its anticonvulsant action. PMID- 832163 TI - The mechanism of action of diphenylhydantoin on invertebrate neurons. II. Effects on synaptic mechanisms. AB - The effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on certain synapses of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia and on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibitory synapse of the crayfish stretch receptor neuron (SRN) has been studied. DPH decreases the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential, but is ineffective on the "short" ACh mediated, Cl- dependent, inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in Aplysia. However, it facilitates the "long" ACh mediated, K+ dependent, IPSP, in this same group of neurons. DHP has a profound effect on the GABA mediated, Cl- dependent, inhibitory synapse of the SRN. The time course of the IPSP is prolonged up to 10 times control values, due to an increased and prolonged postsynaptic conductance. Similar results have been obtained in the SRN with iontophoretic application of GABA. This selective effect of DPH on synaptic mechanisms, especially in view of the role of GABA and ACh as putative transmitters in the mammalian nervous system, may play an important role for the anticonvulsant action of DPH. PMID- 832164 TI - Glycoproteins are modified in the axon of R2, the giant neuron of Aplysia californica, after intra-axonal injection of [3H]N-acetylgalactosamine. AB - We have found evidence that mechanisms exist in the axon by which proteins, originally synthesized in the cell body, can be modified. Incorporation of [3H]N acetyl-D-galactosamine into macromolecules was studied in the axon of R2, the giant identified neuron of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. The precursor sugar, injected directly into the major axon in the right connective, labeled both glycoproteins and glycolipids. These macromolecules were associated with membranes and at least 90% of the incorporated radioactivity could be sedimented by centrifugation at 105,000 X g. Radiocutography of injected axons with the light microscope showed that most of the silver grains were located over the axon rather than over other tissues in the right connective. Grains appeared over a variety of axonal components, but quantitative electron microscopic radioautography revealed that vesicles were the only organells significantly labeled. Disco polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of the membrane fraction resolved [5-(3)H]glycoprotein components. These membrane glycoproteins ranged in apparent molecular weight from 20,000 to 160,000 daltons and could be digested by pronase. Only one component had a mobility similar to that of a glycoprotein found in the axon after injection of the cell body. Incorporation of [3H]N-acetylgalactosamine into axonal glycoprotein was unaffected by anisomycin, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in Aplysia, and therefore presumably occurred on already existing polypeptide chains. We conclude that these were synthesized in the cell body and exported into the axon where they were modified by the addition of sugar. PMID- 832165 TI - The topographical distribution of serotoninergic terminals in the neostriatum of the rat and the caudate nucleus of the cat. AB - The topographical distribution of serotoninergic terminals in the neostriatum of the rat and the caudate nucleus of the cat was established owing to the combined use of microdissection techniques and biochemical microassays. The density of 5 HT terminals in various areas of both structures was quantified first by measuring 5-HT levels in microdiscs of frozen tissue. Since the high affinity uptake process for 5-HT appeared undamaged in isotonic homogenates of previously frozen (--5 degrees C) tissues, it was possible to confirm the findings obtained with the measurement of 5-HT levels by also determining 5-HT uptake activity in these microdiscs. However, in the rat neostriatum, but not in the cat caudate nucleus, [3H]5-HT even at a very low extracellular concentration (4.4 -x 10(-8) M) was taken up not only by serotoninergic terminals but also to a significant extent by dopaminergic terminals. In presence of benztropine, this second component was suppressed and [3H]5-HT uptake activity could then be considered as a specific marker of serotoninergic terminals also in the neostriatum of the rat. In both species, 5-HT terminals were mainly localized in the ventrocaudal area of the structure. In this area, 5-HT levels were among the highest values found in the brain (17 ng/mg protein). The density of 5-HT terminals decreased progressively from the acudal to the rostral planes of the neostriatum in rats or the caudate nucleus in cats. The poorest area, i.e. the dorsorostral zone, contained about 4 times less 5-HT than the ventrocaudal zone of the structure. Electrolytic lesion of the dorsalis (B7) and centralis superior (B8) raphe nuclei during early life resulted in a large decrease of 5-HT levels (--90%) in various parts of the neostriatum of adult rats. The present findings might be of interest to further analyze the role of serotoninergic neurons in extrapyramidal functions. PMID- 832167 TI - Accumulation of calcium in cholinergic axon terminals after nerve activity. Localization by electron microscope radioautography at the nerve-electroplaque junction of Torpedo. PMID- 832166 TI - Decrease in levels and rates of synthesis of tubulin and actin in developing rat brain. AB - The cytoplasmic and particulate tubulin content of postnatal rat brains was determined at various stages of development. The amount of tubulin in the soluble fraction was found to increase after birth and levels off at the age of 10-15 days, while the total protein content is still increasing. Indeed, the percentage of tubulin in the soluble fraction is about 33% at birth, stays at this value until day 10, and then decreases to 20% between days 10 and 15. On the other hand, the rate of increase in the level of the particulate tubulin parallels that of the total particulate proteins, and hence there is no change in the percentage of particulate tubulin during brain development. There was close agreement between the tubulin values obtained by the [3H]-colchicine binding assay and those obtained by electrophoretic resolution in sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also utilized to determine actin levels in developing brains. The percentage of cytoplasmic brain actin also decreased with the age of the rats, from a value of 20% at birth to 10% at day 30, while the percentage of the particulate actin remained constant. The decline in the percentage of cytoplasmic tubulin and actin during brain development can be accounted for by reduction in the proportions of the respective mRNA species. Translation of poly (A)-rich brain mRNA in a wheat-germ cell-free system showed that the percentages of tubulin and actin synthesized decreased gradually with age. Similar results were obtained by analyzing the proteins produced by isolated brain polysomes in a brain cell-free system. PMID- 832168 TI - Release and transfer of [3H]adenosine derivatives in the cholinergic septal system. PMID- 832169 TI - Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. PMID- 832170 TI - Changes in gustatory nerve discharges with sodium deficiency: a single unit analysis. PMID- 832171 TI - Tetanus toxin: evidence for binding at presynaptic nerve endings. PMID- 832172 TI - Effects of stress during pregnancy on catecholamines in discrete brain regions. PMID- 832173 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia: role of skeletal muscle in increased oxygen consumption. AB - During malignant hyperthermia (MH) induced by halothane and succinylcholine, oxygen consumption (VO2) of whole body, muscle and the splanchnic area was calculated from measurements of blood flow and arteriovenous oxygen content difference. Caudal body blood flow was isolated and measured (six animals) for determination of average muscle VO2 in the hind limbs, buttocks, and flanks. The increase in muscle VO2 was extrapolated to total skeletal muscle and compared with the increase in whole body VO2 (same six animals). The average increase in VO2 for both total muscle and whole body during the period of maximum increase was about 6 ml O2/min/kg body weight. Splanchnic VO2 (four animals) tended to decrease during MH. The data support the hypothesis that the metabolic changes in MH are due to a disorder of skeletal muscle and that the increase in whole body VO2 is due to the increase in muscle VO2. PMID- 832175 TI - Cardiovascular reactions to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation following small and large intravenous doses of lidocaine. AB - The efficacy of intravenously administered lidocaine 0.75 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg to protect against cardiovascular reactions associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was studied in two comparable groups of ten patients and compared with a similar control group of ten patients given only saline. Following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, the 1.5 mg/kg dose afforded complete protection against cardiac arrhythmias of all types. The smaller dose was ineffectual in this respect. While the larger dose caused borderline protection against hypertension and tachycardia, the smaller dose prevented only the rise in systolic blood pressure. Possible mechanisms to account for these observations are discussed. These include a direct myocardial depressant effect, a central stimulant effect, a peripheral vasodilating effect and finally an effect on synaptic transmission. PMID- 832174 TI - Anaesthesia for dilatation, evacuation and curettage in outpatients: comparison of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine and sodium methohexitone-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. AB - Sub-dissociative doses of ketamine compared unfavourably with methohexitonenitrous oxide anaesthesia for dilatation, evacuation and curettage. We could not separate the desirable effects of analgesia and amnesia from the unwanted dream effects and visual disturbances. Although the time of clinical recovery was similar, the Trieger Motor Test revealed a delay in return to normal in both groups. PMID- 832176 TI - More on anaesthesia assistants. PMID- 832177 TI - Nasopharyngeal airways. PMID- 832179 TI - A re-evaluation of anticholergic premedication. AB - One hundred and twenty healthy Nigerian female patients undergoing minor gynaecological operations were divided randomly into two groups. One group of 58 patients received intramuscular atropine as the only premedication on the ward while the other group of 62 patients received their atropine intravenously at the time of induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with thipentone and maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane using a facemask. There was equally satisfactory control of secretions in both groups. However, due to the occasional difficulties in achieving optimal timing of intramuscular atropine as well as the uncomfortably dry mouth complained of by 87.7 per cent of the patients who had intramuscular atropine, the intravenous administration at induction is to be preferred. Moreover, one saves the patient an extra injection. PMID- 832178 TI - Haemodynamic changes due to clamping of the abdominal aorta. AB - Haemodynamic changes due to aortic cross-clamping were examined in 18 patients. It has been shown that the distal occlusion of the abdominal aorta induces an increased impedance to ejection. Because the mechanisms controlling the auto regulation of cardiac output and the circulatory reflexes are damped by anaesthesia, the augmentation of resistance is not followed by any increase in contractility or vasomotor tone and thus the cardiac output falls. Patients with chronic obstructive disease (Leriche) did not differ significantly from subjects with more acute obstruction (aneurysm), though the latter have a tendency to show more important changes in their haemodynamic response. PMID- 832180 TI - The influence of intravenous anaesthetics on enflurane-induced central nervous system seizure activity. AB - This study assesses the effects of agents commonly used in anaesthesia on enflurane-induced seizure threshold and on established seizure activity, during steady state enflurane anaesthesia. EEG seizure activity was monitored in cats from chronic cortical and subcortical recording sites. Diazepam, thiopentone, methohexitone and ketamine all enhanced established EEG seizure challenge. This latter effect was most evident under conditions of lowered PaCO2. The effects of these intravenous agents on established enflurane seizure patterns exceeded in duration the expected EEG effect of the agent when used alone. The limited number of experiments, however, precluded statistical verification of our findings. The similarities between centrencephalic minor motor seizures and enflurane seizure pattern in terms of EEG and convulsive expression, including drug response, are noted. PMID- 832181 TI - Effects of althesin, etomidate and fentanyl on haemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in man. AB - The acute effects of althesin, etomidate and fentanyl upon haemodynamics, myocardial contractility and oxygen comsumption of the heart were studied in healthy premedicated patients (n = 15) lightly anaesthetized with N2O-O2 (ratio 2:1), 0.3 volumes per cent of halothane and isoflurane respectively. All individuals were ventilated at a normal level. The patients (n = 9) in the halothane group received etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and 20 minutes later althesin 0.075 ml/kg intravenously. In a second group of 6 patients on isoflurane fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg was given. Etomidate did not affect the cardiovascular system significantly. While the decrease in blood pressure after althesin (24 per cent) was the result of a reduction in total peripheral resistance (32 per cent), hypotension associated with fentanyl (23 per cent) was caused by diminished output due to bradycardia (18 per cent). Load data,heart rate, and maximum dp/dt indicated moderate negative inotropic properties only of althesin. Using the complex haemodynamic parameter developed by Bretschneider the myocardial oxygen consumption was calculated. The energy demand of the heart decreased with etomidate, althesin and fentanyl by 14 per cent, 16 per cent and 32 per cent respectively. It is concluded that the risk of cardiovascular depression at induction in patients with impaired myocardial performance and coronary insufficiency can be minimized with etomidate and/or fentanyl. PMID- 832182 TI - A comparison of etidocaine and lidocaine in epidural analgesia for surgery. AB - Etidocaine 1 per cent has been compared with lidocaine 2 per cent for epidural anaesthesia for surgery. Etidocaine produced a block which was characteristically longer, with a more profound motor component than lidocaine. The quality of anaesthesia was not as satisfactory with etidocaine and the danger of inadvertent intravenous injection was underlined. PMID- 832183 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in a dog: clinical, hematological and pathological observations. AB - Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in a dog that had been living with his owners in Spain for two years. Clinical diagnosis was somewhat delayed as the disease is largely unknown to Canada and was manifested by a nonresponsive anemia which was not easily explained on peripheral blood evaluation alone, and concomitant interstitial nephritis. On post mortem examination splenomegaly was the main gross pathological finding. Light microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirates and subsequent electron microscopic examination of splenic and hepatic tissues revealed numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Parasitized reticuloendothelial cells were seen singly or forming granulomata. These latter did not contain giant cells and were confined mainly to the liver and spleen, being sparse and single in the first but extremely numerous and coalescing in the latter. Accumulation of intrafollicular hyaline material was seen in a small number of splenic follicles. Leishman Donovan bodies on electron microscopic examination had a trilaminar periplast, a large round nucleus with heavy blocks of marginated chromatin and two nucleoli, a short flagellum and a kinetoplast. Lymph nodes and bone marrow had numerous parasitized macrophages but no granulomata. Leishman-Donovan bodies were not detected in the lungs and kidneys both of which exhibited a chronic intersitital reaction. The comparative hematological profile as well as the importance of bone marrow and electron microscopic examinations of the spleen and liver in diagnosis are discussed. The potential public health hazard of leishmaniasis to North America and particularly to Canada is considered. PMID- 832184 TI - Binding effects of concanavalin A on a coronavirus. AB - Concanavalin A, a phytagglutinin, binds to the envelope of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, a Coronavirus. Concanavalin A treated virus suspensions lose their hemagglutination properties and there is a transient interference with infectivity. Electron micrographs show the Concanavalin A as a granular deposit adhering to the viral envelope and there is aggregation of the virus. Concanavalin A does not bind to virions stripped of their envelopes. PMID- 832185 TI - Physiological and endrocine parameters in beef cattle: breed, sex and year differences. AB - Plasma corticoids, potassium and sodium, thyroid activity and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were determined at slaughter over a period of four years in 1612 animals representing the following sire groups: Short-horn, Charolais, Simmental, Limousin, Red Angus, Beefmaster, Brown Swiss, Chianina and Jersey. Differences among years and among breeds of sire were significant for all the parameters studied. Hematocrit values were the highest in females and the lowest for entire males, while hemoglobin levels were the lowest in females and the highest for bulls. Plasma corticoid levels were lower for entire males as compared to steers and heifers. Plasma sodium and potassium levels were the highest for females and the lowest entire males. The values reported in this study for several blood components, based on a large number of animals, could serve as clinical guides and as a basis for further research. PMID- 832186 TI - Histology of bovine skin reactions to Ixodes holocyclus Neumann. AB - The histology of skin responses to infestations with female Ixodes holocyclus ticks was investigated in naive and previously infested cattle. In the latter hosts, infiltration of the skin site with basophil leucocytes was an early event. Concurrent spongiosis and vesiculation occurred in the epidermis adjacent to the tick mouthparts. This was followed by infiltration of the upper dermis by eosinophils and other leukocytes. Such reactions were evident one hour after attachment of ticks in hosts which had received two prior infestations. Pronounced epidermal vesiculation and bulla formation with eventual serous exudation followed in previously infested cattle, leading to entrapment of ticks. PMID- 832187 TI - Effects of immune-mediated enteroluminal neltrophil emigration on intestinal function in pigs. AB - Intestinal function was assessed in cannulated loops of porcine proximal jejunum during immune-mediated emigration of neutrophils into the intestine. Net water, net sodium, net chloride, undirectional sodium and unidirectional chloride fluxes were measured before and after intestinal exposure to an antigen in both sensitized and nonsensitized pigs. Neutrophil emigration was assessed histologically. The results indicate that fluid and electrolyte movements in the intestine are not significantly altered during immune-mediated enteroluminal neutrophil emigration suggesting that the neutrophil response does not interfere with intestinal function. PMID- 832188 TI - Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. I. Hematological and biochemical changes. AB - Pigs which were deficient in vitamin E and/or selenium had the following parameters weekly determined from six to 13 weeks of age: Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red cell and white cell counts, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity, myeloid: erythroid ratio, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and creatine phosphokinase activities and body weight. Except for the myeloid:erythroid ratio and serum creatine phosphokinase activity, these parameters were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency of both. The myeloid:erythroid ratio was increased (p less than 0.01) in association with selenium deficiency, which tends to indicate decreased erythropoiesis but was not reflected in the peripheral red cell picture. Evidence of dyserythropoiesis was not found to be a significant feature in serial bone marrow aspiration biopsies of vitamin E and/or selenium deficient pigs. Even if the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency in both as compared to replete animals, a few animals, especially in the group deficient in both vitamin E and selenium, presented quite marked transient increases of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity which was interpreted to reflect the occurrence of acute episodes of hepatosis dietetica. Serum creatine phosphokinase activities were found to be increased in association with vitamin E deficiency (p less than 0.01), selenium deficiency (less than 0.05) and the interaction was also significant (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the serum creatine phosphokinase activity increases reflect the occurrence of subclinical muscular dystrophy and that vitamin E and selenium deficiencies have marked additive effects in the induction of skeletal muscular dystrophy. PMID- 832189 TI - Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. II. The hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the measure of red cell lipid peroxides as indices of vitamin E and selenium status. AB - The usefulness of the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the measure of red cell lipid peroxides as indices of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in swine has been evaluated. Results indicated that although the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test may be of some indication of the vitamin E status, it is not a reliable index of vitamin E deficiency in swine, at least on an individual basis. In contrast, the measure of red cell lipid peroxides can be considered a reliable test for vitamin E deficiency in swine. The hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the red cell lipid peroxides were not significantly affected by selenium deficiency. PMID- 832190 TI - Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. III. Effect on kinetics of erythrocyte production and destruction. AB - The effect of vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency on the kinetics of erythrocyte production and destruction has been investigated in swine. The plasma iron turnover rate, 59Fe incorporation into newly formed red cells as well as the 51Cr apparent red cell half-life, were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency of both, as compared to replete animals. The results of this study suggest that vitamin E is not a limiting factor for normal erythropoiesis in young growing pigs. Erythropoiesis appeared, however, to be slightly decreased in selenium deficient pigs and will need to be further investigated. PMID- 832192 TI - Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: experimental induction in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the immune response induced by combined aerosol and parenteral vaccination on the lung lesions induced in calves by Pasteurella haemolytica AI. Twenty-four calves, twelve of which had been vaccinated with killed P. haemolytica by aerosol and subcutaneous injection in Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvant were challenged by intratracheal inoculation of live P. haemolytica. Serological response to vaccination was not marked but was best measured by the whole cell agglutination test or by indirect bacterial agglutination rather than by the passive haemagglutination test. Titres of vaccinates were positively correlated with the degree of pneumonic change following challenge while in nonvaccinated controls, titres were negatively correlated with lung lesions. These findings suggest the occurrence of an immunologically mediated hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the lungs of vaccinates and point to the potential efficacy of live bacterial aerosols for stimulation of protective immunity in pneumonic pasteurellosis. PMID- 832193 TI - Electrophoretic studies on alkaline phosphatases in normal and zinc intoxicated rats. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to characterize the isoenzymes of serum alkaline phosphatase in the rat. The electrophoresis of serum from normal rats resulted in two bands of alkaline phosphatase activity. A prominent band in serum corresponded in electrophoretic mobility to the alkaline phosphatase from bone and intestinal tissue extracts and also a slower migrating liver isoenzyme. A less prominent, fast migrating band in serum had a mobility similar to a faster migrating liver tissue extract isoenzyme. This band only represented 1-2% of the total alkaline phosphatase present in the serum of normal rats but approximately 15% of the total alkaline phosphatase in the serum of rats fed excess levels of zinc. The study also revealed an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of alkaline phosphatase in bone homogenate by the addition of deactivated serum to the homogenate. The addition of deactivated serum did not alter the electrophoretic mobility of the liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatases in rats. PMID- 832194 TI - Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis in pneumonia and arthritis of the bovine. AB - The pneumonic lungs of 42 cattle from 26 feedlots were examined for the presence of mycoplasma, pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Four animals representative of two lots failed to yield mycoplasma. One of these yielded the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and Pasteurella hemolytica, the other yielded only P. P. multocida. Nine animals in eight lots yielded Mycoplasma sp.: five of these were M. bovirhinis, two were M. arginini and two were untypable. All of these animals yielded one or more of P. hemolytica, P. multiocida, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or bovine virus diarrhea virus. Twenty-five of 29 animals in 16 lots yieled M. agalactiae subsp. bovis from lung tissues. The same organism was recovered from the arthritic joints of 12 of these animals. Eight of the 25 animals yielded no other pathogen and all of these had not received any treatment. Nine of the 25 M. agalactiae subsp. bovis positive animals also yielded one or more of P. hemolytica, P. multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Bacteriological and virological studies were not completed for the remaining eight of the 25 positive animals. In five lots of cattle which had not received medication for pneumonia and for arthritis only M. agalactiae subsp. bovis was recovered. Twenty-five grossly normal lungs obtained from normal cattle at the time of slaughter were cultured and all were negative. The possible role of M. agalactiae subsp. bovis in pneumonia and arthritis was discussed. PMID- 832191 TI - Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. IV. Effect on coagulation system. AB - An evaluation of the coagulation system has been conducted in vitamin E and/or selenium deficient swine. The partial thromboplastin time, plasma fibrinogen concentration, platelet lipid peroxides, as well as the fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency, or deficiency of both. With selenium deficiency, the prothrombin time was shortened (p less than 0.05). The platelet count and platelet turnover were greatly decreased by both vitamin E (p less than 0.001) and selenium deficiency (p less than 0.005). Further-more, the survival of platelets labelled with 75Se-selenomethionine and the per cent isotope incorporated into platelets were reduced (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005) in association with vitamin E deficiency, but not with selenium deficiency. These results were interpreted as evidence of a platelet production defect and possibly a platelet function defect in vitamin E deficient animals. Selenium deficiency were also associated with decreased (p less than 0.05) survival of fibrinogen labelled with 75Se-selenomethionine and increased (p less than 0.05) turnover of fibrinogen. From these fibrinogen kinetic findings, it was considered that chronic low grade disseminated intravascular coagulation possibly occurs in selenium deficient animals, probably in relation to the development of hepatosis dietetica or widespread microvascular damage. However, other possibilities such as increased fibrinogenolysis in relation with hepatosis dietetica or an intrinsic fibrinogen defect due to selenium deficiency also need to be taken into consideration and have not been ruled out in the present study. PMID- 832195 TI - Glucose-glucagon relationships in adult sheep. AB - Glucose-glucagon relationships were examined in adult sheep. Hyperglycemia was induced by infusing glucose at 120 mg/hr/kg body weight. Hypoglycemia was obtained by infusing insulin at 1.2 U/hr. In several experiments glucose at 40 mg/hr/kg was infused with insulin to obtain hyperinsulinemia without hypoglycemia to distinguish glucose-insulin effects. Glucagon concentrations decreased during hyperglycemia and increased during hypoglycemia. This study indicates that glucose-glucagon interactions may be important in regulation of glucagon secretion in sheep. PMID- 832197 TI - Toxic megacolon. PMID- 832198 TI - Aortic aneurysms and angiography. PMID- 832196 TI - Biochemical and histological effects of feeding thermally oxidized rapeseed oil and lard to rats. AB - Four groups of weanling rats were fed semisynthetic diets containing 15 percent by weight of dietary fats for 28 days. Two groups received thermally oxidized low erucic acid rapeseed oil (OLE) or lard (OLA) and the other two groups received the respective fresh fats (FLE, FLA) as controls. Average daily feed consumption and feed efficiency were not affected by either OLE or OLA, however final body weights were depressed by the OLA in the diet. The relative heart weights and heart total lipids were significantly increased in both the OLE and OLA groups. A majority of the animals in both the OLE and OLA groups exhibited various gross symptoms attributable to heated fat toxicity such as seborrhea, diarrhea and polyuria. Excessive hair loss was noted in all the animals fed the heated fats. Tissue fatty acid changes due to OLA were confined largely to the polar liver lipids, whereas OLE produced dramatic changes in both the neutral heart lipids as well as in the neutral and polar liver lipids. Histological evaluation of the hearts, livers and kidneys indicated that OLA was very injurious to the kidneys, whereas OLE caused greater damage to both the hearts and livers. PMID- 832199 TI - 1976 Davis & Geck surgical essay. The delayed hypersensitivity response: clinical application in surgery. AB - The detection of anergy or relative anergy by delayed hypersensitivity skin tests was predictive of infection and related mortality in 354 surgical patients. Cancer or advanced age alone did not account for the increased morbidity and mortality seen in this study. Altered delayed hypersensitivity response is a reflection of abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity and possibly humoral or phagocytic defects, or both. Skin testing is of value to the clinical surgeon both in identifying the population at risk and in monitoring the immune response to therapy in the seriously ill patient. Failure to improve skin-test response may indicate underlying infection or malnutrition, which, if untreated, results in a high mortality. PMID- 832200 TI - Adjuvant immunostimulation in malignant melanoma with oral Bacille Calmette Guerin. AB - Results of the administration of oral bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as an adjunct to standard treatment in 62 patients with malignant melanoma indicate that this drug is of value in preventing distant spread of the disease when it is limited to one region and in its early stages. BCG increases survival in patients with visceral metastases. In those in whom these metastases are surgically resectable, it inhibits the development of further metastases. Oral BCG treatment does not affect the course of the disease in patients with massive hepatic or intracranial metastases. PMID- 832201 TI - Spontaneous aortocaval fistula secondary to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Two patients with the rare condition of spontaneous aortocaval fistula secondary to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were treated successfully by surgical closure of the fistula. In view of the existing controversies on certain aspects of the pathophysiology involved, canine experiments were performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of regional venous hypertension and hematuria observed in these patients. The experiments demonstrated that regional venous hypertension is a purely rheologic phenomenon and that hematuria originates from a congested lower urinary tract. PMID- 832202 TI - Toxic megacolon: results of emergency colectomy. AB - In order to assess the results of emergency colectomy for toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis, the records of 40 patients treated over a 16-year period were reviewed. The diagnosis of toxic;colon was confirmed by a combination of clinical, radiologic, operative and pathologic examinations. Steroids were part of the treatment before operation in 36 patients. The surgical procedures included subtotal celectomy in 37 patients and total proctocolectomy in 3. Fecal spillage was recognized in 10 procedures. Two patients died postoperatively, but in neither had fecal contamination been observed. The findings of this review support the use of colectomy as the surgical treatment for toxic megacolon. PMID- 832203 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts in infancy. AB - The clinical features of spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts in infancy differ sufficiently from those of other causes of neonatal jaundice to allow early preoperative diagnosis as demonstrated by a report of this condition in a 6 week-old infant. Despite its rarity, the clinician should be aware of this entity because early recognition and surgery will ensure cure in almost all cases. The cause of spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts is unknown. Trauma, congenital weakness and abnormal bile are considered as possible etiologic factors. PMID- 832204 TI - Air embolism with neurologic complications: a potential hazard of central venous catheters. AB - In two patients air embolism caused by disconnection of subclavian venous catheters resulted in cerebral damage. Both patients were receiving long-term parenteral nutrition; both were in an upright position and were slightly dehydrated at the time the embolism occurred. The occurrence of air embolism during the insertion of central venous or subclavian catheters is well known, but the development of this complication in patients in whom the intravenous line becomes disconnected has not been stressed. It is important to recognize and treat the condition promptly. Also important in the prevention of this condition is catheterization in patients who are properly hydrated and who are in the Trendelenburg position, and care of the catheter thereafter. PMID- 832205 TI - Angiography: an essential diagnostic aid in asymptomatic aortic aneurysm? AB - Aortography is a highly desirable diagnostic procedure for evaluating clinically diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm. In a retrospective study of 83 patients with such aneurysms, routine angiographic investigation changed the course of management in 17. The morbidity associated with angiography in the investigation of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been minimal. In this situation angiography provides more information than ultrasonography and therefore should be used routinely. PMID- 832206 TI - Teaching of basic sciences in postgraduate surgery. AB - In this paper, important deficiencies in the teaching of basic sciences to residents undergoing training in the surgical specialties are underlined. Since the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada has stipulated that residents must be successful at an examination in basic sciences before being admitted to the final examination in certain surgical specialties, it is important that program directors plan the organization of an adequate program in this area. To achieve this goal, it is suggested that closer cooperation is needed between the basic sciences and clinical departments of our medical schools so that specific objectives may be defined and teaching of basic sciences become more consistent with the prerequisites put forward by the Royal College. PMID- 832207 TI - Prognostic use of preoperative and immediate postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen determinations in colonic cancer. AB - Preoperative and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations are useful in predicting the likelihood of recurrence in patients undergoing curative operations for cancer of the colon. The incidence of recurrence was studied in three groups of patients followed for 6 to 18 months after such an operation: 36 patients (group 1) had preoperative and postoperative plasma CEA concentrations less than 2.5 ng/ml; 11 patients (group 2) had a preoperative CEA value above but a postoperative value below 2.5 ng/ml; and 11 patients (group 3) had preoperative and postoperative concentrations greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Cumulative rates of recurrence at 6, 12 and 18 months after operation were as follows: 0, 3 and 17% in group 1; 0, 9 and 21% in group 2; and 27, 79 and 79% in group 3. Statistically there was no difference in the recurrence rate between groups 1 and 2, but the rate was significantly lower in group 2 compared with group 3. The data show that patients in whom the immediate postoperative CEA concentration returns to normal have a much lower incidence of recurrent cancer of the colon than patients whose CEA concentration remains elevated. PMID- 832208 TI - Basic surgical examination. PMID- 832209 TI - Overvaluation of health care. PMID- 832210 TI - Optimum surgical workloads. PMID- 832211 TI - Medical roles. PMID- 832212 TI - Sex research and therapy groups. PMID- 832213 TI - Clinical application of triiodothyronine measurement. PMID- 832214 TI - Fear of anesthesia. PMID- 832215 TI - Neonatal malaria. PMID- 832216 TI - Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in Canada. AB - In the last decade lung cancer mortality has continued to increase in men, especially those aged 35 to 64 in the province of Quebec, and it has increased strikingly in women. The percentage of regular smokers of cigarettes has decreased recently among men but has increased among women. It is concluded that it may be some years before mortality begins to decrease in either sex, though decreases may be anticipated earliest in men in Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. More antismoking efforts directed to individuals are required, especially for young women. PMID- 832217 TI - St. Louis encephalitis in southern Ontario: laboratory studies for arboviruses. AB - The first reported outbreak of St. Louis encephalitis in Canada occurred in the summer of 1975 in southern Ontario -- in the Windsor-Sarnia-Chatham area, the Niagara region and the city of Toronto. Hemmagglutination inhibition and complement fixation testing of serum samples collected during the outbreak confirmed that St. Louis encephalitis virus was the etiologic agent. Furthermore, this virus was isolated from brain tissue of a patient who died. This outbreak was probably an extension of the outbreak that occurred in the United States that summer. It was the first outbreak of arbovirus encephalitis in the province of Ontario. PMID- 832218 TI - Chest pain in the early recognition of large infarcts. AB - Among 90 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of first myocardial infarction consistent significant associations were found between pain duration, increase in concentration of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (SGOT), maximum temperature and type of infarct (transmural or nontransmural). This suggests that infarct size may be associated with pain duration, increase in SGOT concentration and maximum temperature, and that patients with transmural infarcts have larger infarcts than those with nontransmural infarcts. A higher incidence of premonitory pain -- in particular, premonitory rest pain -- was noted in patients with transmural infarcts, who also had a significantly higher leukocyte count than patients with nontransmural infarcts. Pain intensity was also found to be associated directly with increase in SGOT concentration. However, because intergroup differences were not significant consistently, the association between infarct size, premonitory pain, pain intensity and leukocytosis is less certain. If the association between pain duration and infarct size is confirmed, a simple means would be available for the early recognition of the patient with a large infarct and adverse prognosis who would benefit from prompt therapeutic measures to reduce infarct size. PMID- 832219 TI - Follow-up of 50 adolescent girls 2 years after abortion. AB - Thirty-eight adolescents who underwent an abortion were studied by questionnaire and interview with a psychiatrist and a social worker 2 years after the abortion. Most did not regret their abortion and considered it a positive experience. Most said they would not have another abortion, although adoption was unanimously rejected as a choice for the pregnant teenager. Relations with their parents were generally good and the families were supportive in the decision-making process and in the postabortion period. The girl's father had been absent because of death or separation in 37% of instances. A lengthy relationship with the putative father before the abortion was common, but 37% of the relationships were not able to withstand the pregnancy-abortion crisis. The proportion using contraceptives before the abortion was 2%, and 2 years after the abortion, 84%. PMID- 832221 TI - "Blood and guts": one component of an integrated program in biologic sciences as applied to medicine. AB - The 3-year medical school program at McMaster University encourages an approach to learning a physician can apply throughout his or her career. The program has four phases and provides early exposure to relevant clinical material. In phase 3, the basic science phase, the structure and function of organ systems in health and disease are studied. Understanding the mechanisms of disease in order to be able to relate clinical symptoms and signs to physiologic and pathologic processes is emphasized. The four 10-week units deal with groups of organ systems. The "blood and guts" unit teaches the student hematology and gastroenterology through a variety of problem-based methods. Specialists in the relevant scientific disciplines influence selection and construction of the problems presented. The students are evaluated by the faculty tutor on their accomplishment of specific objectives related to their competence in solving biomedical problems. PMID- 832222 TI - Myositis ossificans due to hockey injury. PMID- 832220 TI - Purpura associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, renal tubular acidosis and osteomalacia. AB - Two patients with hyperglobulinemia associated with purpura were studied. One had features of Sjogren's syndrome, while the other appeared to have a primary condition -- "chronic benign purpura". Both patients also had renal tubular acidosis, osteomalacia and renal calculi, with disturbed calcium metabolism and acid-base balance. Autoantibodies were detected in the serum of both patients, and mononuclear cell infiltrates were noted in skin and kidney biopsies from both. PMID- 832223 TI - Urban stress. PMID- 832224 TI - Combination chemotherapy with bis chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU), vincristine and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) in disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - One hundred thirty two patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated using a combination of BCNU, vincristine and imidazole carboxamide. A response rate of 23% was observed, while 16% had stable disease. The patients' median survival was 42 months from diagnosis and 5.3 months from the onset of treatment. These results are not significantly different from therapy with imidazole carboxamide alone. Patients on this study were observed to have a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes in their peripheral blood (mean 1800/mm3, median 1550/mm3). Patients with lymphopenia prior to the onset of therapy (86%) had a similar response rate but a shorter median survival (4.4 months vs. 7.8 months, P = .03) than patients with normal lymphocyte levels. These findings are compatible with recent observations on the importance of host immunocompetence in patients with malignant melanoma. Eosinophil levels were not closely correlated with response, although among patients with eosinophil counts of greater than 300/mm3 (22%), a slightly higher response rate (29%) was observed (P = .13). Eosinophilia did not influence patient survival. PMID- 832225 TI - Bone marrow involvement in breast cancer: effect on response and tolerance to combination chemotherapy. AB - Forty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer who had not received prior chemotherapy were divided into two groups on the basis of whether or not a bone marrow examination revealed tumor. Both groups were treated with combination chemotherapy regimens and were analyzed with regard to response and toxicity parameters. The positive marrow group had a response rate similar to that of the negative marrow group (67% vs 71%), and a slightly shorter median time to progressive disease (240 vs 258 days) and median duration of remission (213 vs 243 days). The positive marrow group had higher requirements for hematologic support and tended to have more infectious complications. The data suggest that metastatic breast cancer patients with a bone marrow examination revealing tumor, although requiring more supportive care, may be treated as effectively with combination chemotherapy as those patients in whom the marrow examination does not reveal tumor. PMID- 832226 TI - Negative technique in xeroradiography of the breast. AB - Selective views with negative technique are indicated to exclude or confirm breast tumors. Additional decisive information is obtained to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Five case reports are presented. PMID- 832228 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma: an ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural features of two olfactory neuroblastomas are reported. By means of light microscopy, one was well differentiated while the other was a poorly differentiated, small cell neoplasm. The latter case required ultrastructural examination to establish the diagnosis. Electron microscopy of human tumors for diagnostic purposes may be particularly helpful in deciphering small, round cell tumors. Catecholamines were not biochemically detected in a portion of recurrent tumor from Case 2. The significance of this is equivocal in view of the limited previous biochemical studies of this neoplasm. However, by both light and electron microscopy, the morphology of olfactory and sympathetic neuroblastomas are strikingly similar. PMID- 832227 TI - Regional intralymphatic infusion (ILI) of irradiated tumor cells with evidence of distant effects. AB - A case of canine lymphoma with radiographically-documented involvement of the para-aortic nodes is reported. Intralymphatic infusions (ILI) of cultured irradiated autochthonous tumor cells to remote lymph node bearing areas were associated with a dramatic initial shrinkage of the para-aortic lymphadenopathies. Three ILI timing schedules were used consecutively during a course of 10 treatments, allowing a comparison of responses in the same animal. The reported case suggests that a normal lymph node can be effectively "stimulated" by the same agent approximately every 3 weeks. A possible schedule for intralymphatic infusion is proposed for further investigation. PMID- 832229 TI - Ultrastructure of localized fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura: report of a case with histogenetic considerations. AB - Ultrastructural study of a benign localized pleural fibrous mesothelioma from a 22-year-old female had features of both epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts. The findings support the concept of a mesothelial origin for this tumor. PMID- 832230 TI - Nevus cell aggregates associated with lymph nodes: estimated frequency and clinical significance. AB - Aggregates of cells resembling those of cutaneous nevi have been found in the capsules of lymph nodes. Although seemingly rare, this extraordinary lesion could conceivably occur often enough to be more than a pathological curiosity, and should be differentiated from metastatic tumor. Slides from every axillary lymph node dissection for female mammary carcinoma in the years 1964 and 1974 at Memorial Hospital were reviewed, as were slides from 100 consecutive lymph node dissections performed during 1974 in patients with malignant melanoma. Nevus cell aggregates (NCA) were associated with three of 17,504 lymph nodes (0.017%) obtained from 909 mastectomies, or 0.33% of the cases. Among the 100 lymph node dissections for malignant melanoma, NCA were found associated with three of the 2,607 lymph nodes examined (0.12%), or 3.0% of the cases studied. Since NCA occur in association with lymph nodes more often than previously thought, the possibility that they may be a potential source of malignant melanoma in patients without a demonstrable cutaneous or mucosal primary is discussed. PMID- 832231 TI - Correlation of scintigraphy with short interval autopsy in malignant focal liver disease: a study of 59 cases. AB - The accuracy of scintigraphy in focal liver disease was evaluated by comparing the scintigraphic and autopsy findings in 59 patients. The interval between scintigraphy and autopsy was not more than a few weeks. The overall agreement rate was 49 in 59 (83%), with four out of 26 (15%) false positive and six out of 33 (18%) false negative reports. Defects smaller than 2 1/2 cm were the principal source of false negative reports. The accuracy of interpretation in cases with liver weights up to 2000 g was significantly (P less than 0.025) lower than for higher weights. Detection of a single focal lesion by scintigraphy was found to be unreliable (only two out of 13 correct). Estimation of spleen weights by scintigraphy was disappointing. Liver weight estimates were somewhat more satisfactory. PMID- 832232 TI - Intranuclear rodlets in an intrathyroid tumor associated with hyperparathyroidism. AB - A tumor excised from the thyroid gland has been shown by electron microscopy to contain distinctive, intranuclear rodlets. This is the first report of such rodlets in a non-neuronal human tumor. While the parathyroid-like hormonal activity, histopathology, and clinical course are consistent with a parathyroid adenoma, the finding of the rodlets raises the question of origin from a special, neuron-related cell of the parathyroid or thyroid. The unusual cellular granularity and the abundant interstitial fibrillae also suggest an unusual cell of origin. Alternatively, a special metabolic activity may account for the rodlets, or they may have been overlooked in prior studies of adenomas. PMID- 832233 TI - Non-epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx: a clinico-pathologic study. VII. Myxomas. AB - In a study of non-epithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, 256 lesions, 156 benign and 100 malignant, were identified. Of these, six were classified as myxoma. Myxomas of facial bones, neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis, infiltrate adjacent tissues and if not completely excised will recur locally. In this series, three patients at one time were treated with limited local excisions. Tumor persisted or recurred in all three. Five patients were treated with en bloc resection (following recurrences in two patients). None of these patients subsequently developed recurrent tumor. We believe that myxomas should be widely resected to prevent recurrence. The extent of the surgical resection should depend on the size, extent and location of the lesion. PMID- 832234 TI - STNMP: a new system for the clinico-pathological classification and identification of intra-oral carcinomata. AB - A new system for the notation of intra-oral carcinomata has been described. It differs from all previous TNM classifications in that both the site (S) and the pathology (P) have been taken into consideration in addition to the conventional tumour (T), node (N) and metastasis (M) generally used. Both of these additional features have been recognized as important factors in assessing the prognosis of the patient. This new system additionally functions as a means of disseminating the maximum of clinical information succinctly and in a readily communicable format. A further innovation has been the introduction of a means of quantitatively assessing the significance of particular clinical and pathological features and from these values predicting the prognosis. For comparative purposes we have defined four stages corresponding with the stages used in the conventional TNM classification. We have applied the STNMP classification to a random sample of 136 cases of intra-oral carcinomata with more than 5 years follow-up. Particularly in defining those patients with a good prognosis, i.e. 5 year plus survival, this system has proved to be considerably more accurate than the existing staging methods. We propose that for a trial period this system should be widely used in parallel with the conventional TNM classification and staging in order to evaluate its true worth in the clinical situation. With further use it will probably be necessary to adjust the numerical weighting given to particular features, but this can only be accurately assessed when a very large number of patients has been evaluated. Our figures support the clinical impression that patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomata have a shorter survival than those with well differentiated lesions and that the degree of differentiation of the tumour is directly proportional to the survival of the patient. When considering the site of the tumour we have based our grading on the known survival curves for squamous cell carcinomata at different sites. PMID- 832235 TI - Combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil, and prednisone in solid tumors. AB - Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with disseminated solid tumors other than breast cancer, were treated with a combination chemotherapy protocol utilizing cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone. Three hundred and eighty were evaluable (95.5%). Partial or complete tumor regressions were noted in 73 of 380 (19%) evaluable patients. Response to therapy was associated with a prolongation and survival. The largest tumor categories were lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal. The proportion of complete plus partial responses in evaluable lung cancer patients was 40/236 (17%), compared to 20/44 (45%) for ovarian cancer patients and 6/39 (15%) for gastrointestinal tumors. Of the patients who could be evaluated for toxicity, 47% had minimal or no toxicity, 51% had moderate to severe toxicity, and 2% had life threatening toxicity. Virtually all patients were treated and managed as outpatients. PMID- 832236 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - A 20-year-old euthyroid white woman presented with two palpable thyroid nodules. The scintiscan showed an area of increased uptake in the isthmus corresponding with one of the palpable nodules. The uptake in the rest of the gland was diminished including the area of the second palpable nodule which was in the superior portion of the left lobe. Microscopic examination revealed diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis, follicular adenoma and the isthmus and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the upper left lobe. No primary site for the muceopidermoid carcinoma outside the thyroid has been identified. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland has not previously been reported; the literature is briefly reviewed and etiologic considerations are discussed. PMID- 832237 TI - Thyroid cancer in an iodide rich area: a histopathological study. AB - A comparison of the incidence of the different histological types of thyroid carcinoma in an area of high dietary iodide and an area of normal iodide intake has been made. The areas chosen were Iceland and the region of Northeast Scotland centred on Aberdeen; both areas have clearly defined populations served by a single pathology laboratory. All definite and dubious thyroid carcinomas from both regions were examined and classified by the same two pathologists. The age specific incidence rates for papillary carcinoma in surgical specimens in both areas rose with age; they were five times higher in Iceland (high iodide area) than in Northeast Scotland. The numbers of follicular carcinomas were small, and this tumor was relatively less frequent in Iceland than Aberdeen. These findings, together with the known high relative frequency of follicular carcinoma and low frequency of papillary carcinoma in areas of endemic goitre, lead to the suggestion that the incidence of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are separately influenced by dietary iodide, papillary carcinoma being high in areas of high iodide intake and low in areas with low dietary iodide. No evidence to implicate lymphocytic thyroiditis, radiation or genetic factors in the genesis of thyroid carcinoma in Iceland or Northeast Scotland was found in this study. Undifferentiated carcinoma was about three times as common in Iceland as in Northeast Scotland. Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid was suprisingly common in Northeast Scotland, possibly related to the high frequency of thyroiditis found in this region. These studies suggest that the incidence of different histological types of thyroid malignancy is influenced by different etiological factors. They also provide support for the subdivision of thyroid malignancy into these different types, and for the general importance of accurate histological typing in cancer epidemiology. PMID- 832238 TI - Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneum: a pathologic analysis of 100 cases. AB - One hundred smooth muscle tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneum were reviewed in an attempt to define criteria for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma in these sites. On the basis of aggressive behavior, 56 of these neoplasms were diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. Mitoses were found to be the most useful indicator of malignancy; all of the tumors with five or more mitoses/10 HPF behaved aggressively and smooth muscle tumors with this degree of mitotic activity should be diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. A paucity of mitoses, however, is no assurance of benignity as nearly 40% of the leiomyosarcomas in this series had fewer than five mitoses/10 HPF. Tumor cell necrosis was closely associated with aggressive behavior even when mitoses were infrequent and it is doubtful that benign smooth muscle tumors develop extensive tumor cell necrosis. In the absence of the requisite number of mitoses or tumor necrosis, it is difficult to distinguish some leiomyosarcomas from leiomyomas, but tumor size, cellularity and cellular atypia may be helpful parameters when assessed together. The importance of these criteria in different anatomical sites is discussed. It is emphasized that the criteria for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus do not apply to non-uterine smooth muscle tumors. The actuarial 2-year survival rate was as follows: gastric leiomyosarcoma, 40%; small intestinal leiomyosarcoma, 60%; and retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, 16%. PMID- 832239 TI - Leiomyomatosis of the colon. AB - Excluding the rectum, smooth muscle cell tumors of the large bowel are extremely rare lesions. A unique case is reported of an infiltrating multinodular myomatous growth of semi-constrictive type affecting the ascending and transverse colon along its entire circumference and over a length of 35 cm. In the mesocolon near the colonic wall two tumor foci were present. Contrary to expectations from the growth behavior, histological examination revealed well differentiated smooth muscle cells with distinct myofilaments and absence of nuclear abnormalities and mitotic figures. No clinical evidence of malignancy was found and no recurrence was detected during a 39-month follow-up period which included a second-look operation. The contrasting fidings are discussed and it is concluded that the tumor should be considered a benign multicentric lesion, for which the term "leiomyomatosis of the colon" is suggested. PMID- 832240 TI - Familial polyposis. AB - Familial polyposis is a genetically-transmitted disease characterized by multiple adenomatous colorectal polyps and a high risk for development of adenocarcinoma. Familial polyposis and Gardner's syndrome should be differentiated from other penetically-linked polyposis syndromes lacking a predisposition for cancer. Total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, aggressive follow-up and intensive surveillance of non-polyp bearing relatives can reduce the risk of developing cancer. From an epidemiologic point of veiw, polyposis is a valuable model for the study of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the genesis of colon cancer. PMID- 832241 TI - Some aspects of the treatment of primary malignant melanoma of the extremities by isolated regional perfusion. AB - This paper reviews the changing concepts in the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma localized on the arm or leg. In addition to conventional surgical treatment, isolated regional perfusion of the extremities is discussed. An evaluation is presented of clinical and histological criteria applied to determine indications for conventional surgical treatment and for perfusion. It is maintained that isolated regional perfusion of arm or leg should be performed when the primary tumor meets one of the following criteria: (1) depth of tumor invasion beyond the papillary layer (Clark levels III, IV and V); (2) vascular invasion; (3) tumor diameter exceeding 1 cm; (4) ulceration. If none of these four criteria applies, conventional surgical treatment alone has proved to give very good results. PMID- 832242 TI - Colorectal polyps and carcinoma in Southern Iran. AB - A study was made of the prevalence of colorectal polyps (excluding juvenile polyps, familial polyposis coli and villous adenomas) and the minimum frequency of colorectal carcinoma in Southern Iran. A total of 801 large intestines from necropsies performed on individuals 20 years or older was examined with or without magnifying lens for presence of polyps. Our prevalence rate was then compared with those reported on postmortem material from the USA, Australia, South Africa (Bantus), Colombia, and Hawaii (Japanese immigrants). Our surgical pathology files were reviewed for colorectal polyps over a 22-year period (1952 1973). Colorectal carcinomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology were reviewed over 11 years (1963-1973) and the minimum frequency rates compared with corresponding age- and sex-specific incidence rates from Connecticut, USA. The data indicate 1) a very low prevalence rate for colorectal polyps as well as carcinoma in our region and 2) a rather striking predominance of right-sided colonic carcinoma. PMID- 832243 TI - Desmoplastic malignant melanoma: a report on two additional cases. AB - Two cases of desmoplastic malignant melanoma are described, bringing the total reported to nine. The first developed in a lentigo maligna melanoma and contains the seed of its local recurrence in the primary lesion. The second developed in a clinically apparent congenital nevus and unites the histologic features of the desmoplastic variant with the epithelioid and spindle cell histology of its primary, side by side in a local recurrence. Both primaries were clinically recognized pigmented lesions while the desmoplastic recurrences were amelanotic. Other clinico-pathologic characteristics of DMM as previously described, are confirmed. Light microscopic evidence is presented supporting the view that the desmoplastic reaction is a rare manifestation elicited by a highly invasive spindle cell component of malignant melanoma. PMID- 832244 TI - Multiple primary tumors of the brain including a medulloblastoma in the cerebellum. AB - A case of multiple primary tumors in a 12-year-old girl is described. The tumors included a right optic nerve glioma, a pilocytic astrocytoma in the right globus pallidus, a ganglioglioma in the left globus pallidus and a medulloblastoma in the cerebellum. To our knowledge no such case has been reported so far in literature. PMID- 832245 TI - Thyroid carcinoma and concurrent hyperthyroidism: a study of ten patients. AB - Ten patients with thyroid carcinoma and co-existing thyrotoxicosis have been studied. In six patients thyroid carcinoma was suspected before thyroidectomy. In three of the four patients in whom neoplasia was not suspected before operation, the lesion was a small papillary carcinoma. In only one of the eight patients in whom serum long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and long acting thyroid stimulator protector (LATSP) were assayed was detectable activity found, a low incidence. The possible role of hyperthyroidism in initiating thyroid malignancy is discussed. PMID- 832246 TI - Survival with inoperable lung cancer: an integration of prognostic variables based on simple clinical criteria. AB - The objectives are to identify and integrate through regression analysis those fundamental clinical variables predicting survival of patients with inoperable lung cancer managed in a modern setting. Median survival time from first treatment in 129 patients with limited disease and 187 patients with extensive disease was 36 and 14 weeks, respectively. Within the proposed survival model for limited disease, weight loss was the major prognosticator followed by symptom status, supraclavicular metastases, and age. Within extensive disease, symptom status and age were dominant variables followed by weight loss and metastases to liver, opposite hemithorax, brain, and bone. Survival by cell type was similar within the limited and extensive disease groups. The data identify the essential factors which must be controlled or accounted for in studies analyzing survival as a dependent variable. PMID- 832247 TI - Extreme thrombocytosis associated with malignancy. AB - A case is described in which a platelet count of 6,000,000/mm3 occurred in association with adenocarcinoma of the lung and remitted following definitive radiotherapy of the primary lesion. Despite the magnitude of the platelet elevation, thrombohemorrhagic phenomena were not observed. Extreme thrombocytosis of this magnitude is rare in either primary or secondary disorders of thrombopoiesis. The occurrence of unexplained thrombocytosis demands the exclusion of malignancy. PMID- 832248 TI - Cervico-mediastinal thymic cyst with vocal cord paralysis. AB - An unusual case of congenital cervico-mediastinal thymic cyst with vocal cord paralysis is presented together with a brief history and classification of these cysts. A discussion of thymic cyst symptomatology and the surgical approach to these lesions is included. Simple thymic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervico-mediastinal masses, particularly in children and young adults. PMID- 832249 TI - Spontaneous (pathologic) rupture of the spleen in previously undiagnosed Hodgkin's disease: report of a case with survival. AB - Spontaneous (pathologic) rupture of the spleen in lymphoma is a rare event. A 38 year-old man with a 6-week history of fever, night sweats, and weight loss, and with known splenomegaly presented in shock as a result of a ruptured spleen. There was no known antecedent trauma. Hodgkin's disease was demonstrated in the spleen and liver. Review of the literature failed to reveal any previous report of spontaneous rupture of the spleen due to undiagnosed Hodgkin's disease. Only one survivor of spontaneous rupture of the lymphomatous spleen has been reported previously. PMID- 832250 TI - Combination chemotherapy of malignant melanoma with imidazole carboxamide, BCNU and vincristine. AB - Forty patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated with triple combination chemotherapy consisting of Imidazole Carboxamide, BCNU and Vincristine. Seventeen of 40 patients (42.5%) showed significant responses including three complete responses. Responses were seen in cutaneous, lymph node and pulmonary metastases. Nine instances of hepatic metastases were unaffected by therapy but 68% of the skin and nodal patients responded. The median response duration was only 4 months and the median survival of responders was 9.5 months compared to a 2 month median survival of non-responders. Half of the responders died of CNS metastases. The short duration of response, the resistance of hepatic metastasis and the high incidence of cerebral recurrence necessitate additional therapeutic approaches to this disease. PMID- 832251 TI - Bis chloroethyl nitrosourea, vincristine, dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide and chlorpromazine combination chemotherapy in disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - One hundred twenty-one patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated with BCNU, vincristine, DTIC, and chlorpromazine (BVD). A response rate of 22% was observed; 28% of the patients had stable disease and 50% had increasing disease. Similar response rates were obtained with both the high dose and low dose treatment schedules. Patients who exhibited some degree of improvement during their initial course of treatment had the highest overall response rate (72%) to BVD chemotherapy. The median survival from onset of therapy was six months for all patients and 18 months for patients who responded to chemotherapy. The median duration of response was 9.9 months. Thus, the addition of chlorpromazine to BVD chemotherapy did not increase tumor response, and the overall results obtained were comparable to DTIC alone. Patients were found to be lymphopenic prior to the onset of therapy. Their median absolute lymphocyte count was 1800/mm3. Those patients with absolute lymphocyte counts above the 2710/mm3 normal mean had significantly higher response rates (35% vs. 19%, P less than .05) and longer survivals (9.8 months vs. 4.3 months, P less than .05) than patients with lower initial lymphocyte levels. Pretreatment eosinophil and monocyte counts were not closely correlated with patient response or survival. PMID- 832252 TI - Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from measurements made on the lateral neck radiograph. AB - Tables of normal values are available for the measurement of four sagittal diameters (Roof, FM, C1 and C2) and areas of the soft tissue of the nasopharynx as seen in the lateral neck radiograph. The lateral neck radiographs of 100 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases as well as 100 normal controls of corresponding sex and age distribution are measured to ascertain the usefulness of the above measurement in the detection of NPC. Depending on the method of calculation, figures for positive results (sensitivity) may rise to as high as 85% but the specificity (i.e. probability of a correct diagnosis in a person without NPC) is at the same time lowered to 92%. The detection of NPC from any lateral neck radiograph, however, presents a different problem compared to the situation when a person clinically suspected of having NPC is referred for radiography. Many factors are involved in the former situation and it is to this situation that the predictive value (PV) of the scores has to be employed. PMID- 832253 TI - The incidence of radiation pneumonitis as a result of single fraction upper half body irradiation. AB - The incidence of radiation pneumonitis was determined in 43 patients following a single fraction half body (UHB) irradiation. Radiographs taken before and at least 4 months after UHB treatment were scored for evidence of pneumonitis. Nine patients received only pulmonary irradiation from the UHB treatment. There was no evidence of radiation pneumonitis in eight for whom there was adequate follow up. From this and other supportive evidence presented in this retrospective study, it is suggested that a total lung irradiation of 800 rads produces no changes that can be seen radiographically, provided there has been no previous major pulmonary irradiation or concurrent malignant pulmonary disease. In patients who received additional mediastinal irradiation, severe changes appeared within this field while mild to moderate radiographic changes were seen outside the mediastinal field. PMID- 832254 TI - Caring for the forensic patient. A supportive approach to individuals in conflict with society. PMID- 832255 TI - The nurse continuum perspective. PMID- 832256 TI - The tip of the iceberg: staff development and the universe of adult education. PMID- 832257 TI - The taxman cometh. PMID- 832258 TI - Challenging the status quo: the nurse's role in health care delivery planning. PMID- 832260 TI - The difference between night and day. PMID- 832259 TI - Hospitalization and personality change: recognition vital to nursing care. PMID- 832261 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activities in the regenerating rat liver. AB - The activity of four lysosomal enzymes (hyaluronidase, beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin D) was studied in aqueous extracts of the light mitochondrial fraction of regenerating male rat liver. This tissue was chosen as a model for normal cell division in vivo. In the first wave of division, 40 to 50% of the cells divide synchronously. Activities were measured at 0, 9, 18 (end of G1 phase), 24 (S phase), and 30 hr (mitosis) and during regeneration, 4 and 11 days after partial hepatectomy. Activities were related to fresh tissue weight, to cellular DNA, and to protein content of the extracts. At 9 hr, there was an important increase in hyaluronidase and cathespin D activities (these two enzymes act upon macromolecules); beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were only slightly increased. At the end of the G1 phase, 40 to 50% of the activity of all four enzymes was lost, which might indicate complete loss of activity in cells undergoing division. This depletion persisted until mitosis was complete. Four days later, there was a slow restoration of enzyme activities; after 11 days, hyaluronidase and cathepsin D exhibited about 80% of their initial activity, whereas beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase only regained about 50%. These results show that the lysosomal system perhaps plays some role in cell division. PMID- 832262 TI - Macrophage involvement in the protective effect of pyran copolymer against the Madison lung carcinoma (M109). AB - Pyran copolymer (NSC 46015) therapy markedly enhanced host resistance to a murine lung carcinoma (M109) implanted s.c. Multiple dose schedules were not significantly better than single doses at increasing lifespan. Although tumor necrosis was much more extensive in the lesions of pyran-treated mice, pyran copolymer was not directly toxic to M109 cells in vitro. A comparative histopathological study revealed an intense histiocytic reaction in the connective tissue surrounding the primary tumor in mice receiving pyran as compared to 0.9% NaCl solution-treated controls. Macrophages were often associated with necrobiotic tumor cells. Morphologically activated macrophages were recovered from pyran-treated animals which potently inhibited DNA synthesis of M109 tumor cells in vitro. This response peaked 6 days after drug treatment and was to a large extent specific for neoplastic cells. Our results from both in vivo and in vitro studies support the concept that pyran enhances host resistance to neoplasia by mobilization and activation of the reticuloendothelial elements of the host's defense. PMID- 832263 TI - Effect of Ca2+ and salt on forms of estradiol cytoplasmic receptor in human neoplastic breast tissue. AB - After incubation with [3H]estradiol low-salt sucrose gradient centrifugation of 250 human breast tumor cytosis demonstrated receptor-bound steroid in both 4 S and 8 S forms. Cytosols prepared from 24 of these receptor-positive tumors were examined in the presence of KCl, Ca2+ and the serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. After incubation with KCl (0.4 M), interconversion of 8 S and 4 S forms was found in one-half of the 24 cytosols examined whose original low-salt patterns contained well-defined 4 S and 8 S peaks. When cytosols were made 4 mM in Ca2+ 15 to 30 min before the addition of KCl, an additional 4.5 S form was observed in low-salt gradients in 18 tumors, and, in 6 tumors, inactivation of receptor occurred. The effects were not produced when Ca2+ and salt were added simultaneously. After 2 to 24 hr of preincubation with Ca2+ of the same cytosols under the same conditions, an increased recovery of the approximately 4 S receptor complex was observed in low-salt gradient. These Ca2+ effects were inhibited if phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride and Ca2+ were added simultaneously to cytosols prior to the addition of salt. The data suggest that human mammary tumor cytosols may contain proteolytic activities that can be activated by Ca2+ and that can effect irreversible changes in the salt dissociated steroid receptor proteins which can be detected in sucrose density gradients. PMID- 832264 TI - Radioresistant inhibition of lymphoma growth in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - Several murine tumors were used to determine whether the phenomenon of tumor inhibition in athymic "nude" mice reported previously could be extended to other tumor systems in nude as well as conventional mice. The results with the L5MF-22 tumor line were confirmed, and similar data were obtained with the K36 leukemia of AKR mice and the LAF-17 leukemia of B10.A origin. This phenomenon of tumor inhibition has been called, tentatively, radioresistant inhibition of tumor and may be explained by one of several possibilities. The immunological origin of such tumor inhibition is supported by various observations. The data on tumor cell proliferation in spleens and liver of lethally irradiated mice were similar to previous findings on hemopoietic histocompatibility-incompatible lymphomas. Additionally, the nude mice were stronger responders against lymphoma cells than were conventional hosts. Another explanation is that the tumor inhibition is due to natural cytotoxicity. PMID- 832266 TI - Decline of natural nonselective cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with tumor progression. AB - Lymphocytes isolated from the blood of patients and healthy donors include a population of cells that destroy target cells in the direct cell-mediated cytotoxic assay with little indication of specificity. This natural reaction is the dominant feature of most cell-mediated cytotoxic tests and, although it appears to be mostly nonselective, it possesses some selective activity. The observed cytotoxicity from these reactions depends mostly on the reactivity of the effector cell; when several effector cells are tested on different target cells, the relative order of activity is usually maintained on the different target cells. When this natural cytotoxicity was analyzed without regard to the type of cancer of the patient or of the target cells, a weak decline in the average reactivity was observed with increasing tumor involvement. PMID- 832265 TI - Synthesis of methotrexate polyglutamates in L1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - The ability of L1210 mouse leukemia cells and of a mutant methotrexate-resistant cell line (L1210/MTX) to synthesize methotrexate polyglutamates was studied. Host DBA/2 mice were treated with methotrexate, after which leukemic cells were harvested from ascitic fluid and levels of methotrexate and metabolites in them were determined by Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography. The level of methotrexate in L1210/MTX cells was 12.5 times greater than that in L1210 cells, reflecting the increased level of dihydrofolate reductase that characterizes this mutant cell line. Synthesis of methotrexate polyglutamates in each cell line required a dose of methotrexate (2.4 mg/kg) 10 times greater than the dose that yielded extensive methotrexate polyglutamate synthesis in rat liver and kidney in previous studies. Total methotrexate polyglutamates synthesized in 4 hr with this dose were the same in each cell line, demonstrating that this metabolism was not affected by differences in the level of dihydrofolate reductase. Methotrexate polyglutamates comprised 47+/-20% of the total methotrexate in L1210 cells. Methotrexate diglutamate was the predominant form. Levels of methotrexate monoglutamate and diglutamate were similar in L1210/MTX cells, whereas methotrexate monoglutamate was the predominant metabolite in host liver, kidney, and small intestine. These differences may reflect differences in substrate preference of pteroylpolyglutamate synthetase in these different tissues. Twenty-four hr after methotrexate administration, total methotrexate in L1210 cells was one-third of that at 4 hr; but the proportion of metabolites was the same, presumably reflecting cell death and division rather than loss of a freely exchangeable portion of intracellular methotrexate present at the earlier time. The affinity of methotrexate polyglutamates for dihydrofolate reductase was found to be similar to that of methotrexate, providing evidence that these metabolites may be as potent antagonists of folate metabolism as is methotrexate itself. Recent studies indicate that inhibition of folate metabolism in cells requires their exposure to high levels of methotrexate in order to achieve intracellular levels of methotrexate greater than needed to bind to dihydrofolate reductase. Such conditions conform to those required for synthesis of methotrexate polyglutamates. Thus, these metabolites may play a specific role in inhibiting folate metabolism, distinct from the antifolate potential that they appear to share with methotrexate. PMID- 832268 TI - The relative contribution of drug concentration and duration of exposure to mouse bone marrow toxicity during continuous methotrexate infusion. AB - The effects of exposure of bone marrow to specific methotrexate (MTX) concentrations were studied by constant infusion of the drug into C57BL mice. The residual marrow nucleated cell count was determined in 168 mice at specific intervals. In vitro culture of colony-forming cells (CFU-C) was also performed in 69 of these mice. Duration of exposure varied from 12 to 72 hr. Plateau plasma MTX concentrations were studied in the range from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M. The total number of nucleated cells per femur fell to a nadir of 30% of control for all drug concentrations studied. The nadir was reached earliest with the highest drug concentrations. The percentage of CFU-C per 7.5 X 10(4) nucleated cells plated increased after 48-hr infusions compared to the percentage after 24-hr infusions. This increase was seen at all plasma concentrations studied. The total number of CFU-C per femur at plasma MTX concentrations above 10(-6) M decreased in the first 24 hr to 40% of control, but then the number significantly increased to 66% of control between 24 and 48 hr. In contrast, no change was observed in CFU-C per femur between 24 and 48 hr during constant infusion at plasma concentrations below 10(-6) M. Wright's-stained smears showed no change in the differential count of marrow specimens at 24 and 48 hr that might account for the increased percentage of CFU-C at 48 hr. The increase in CFU-C per femur during high-dose infusions is probably the result of recruitment of CFU-C. The increased percentage of CFU-C suggests recruitment at the lower concentrations as well, but selective elimination of non-CFU-C cells cannot be excluded. Marrow [6 3]deoxyrudine incorporation studies in vivo during exposure to 10(-7) M MTX showed that the phenomenon of recruitment observed in vitro was initiated during the absence of DNA synthesis in vivo. PMID- 832267 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase from L1210 murine leukemia by a sulfhydryl reagent from agaricus bisporus. AB - The 490 quinone, a natural sulfhydryl-arylating reagent from the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, markedly inhibited L1210 murine leukemia DNA polymerase alpha while resulting in little inhibition of DNA polymerase beta from this source. This quinone was more strongly inhibitory than p-chloromercuri-benzoate or N ethylmaleimide and was less readily neutralized by sulfhydryl-containing molecules such as dithioerythritol. Preliminary experiments indicate that DNA protects DNA polymerase alpha from inhibition by the 490 quinone. The inhibition of DNA synthesis by quinone 490 may contribute significantly to the cytotoxicity of this compound and to the potential of gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene as an antitumor agent. PMID- 832269 TI - Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. AB - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, and nor-nitrogen mustard are compounds considered as candidates for the biologically active, alkylating metabolite of cyclophosphamide. These compounds were tested for inhibition of chemotaxis in neutrophils from normal human donors. Of those tested, only 4 hydroxycyclophosphamide caused a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in the chemotactic index. The chemical precursor of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, caused a barely significant (p less than 0.05) decrease; 4-ketocyclophosphamide had no effect. PMID- 832270 TI - Characterization and assay of progesterone receptor in human mammary carcinoma. AB - [3H]Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione ([3H]progesterone)-receptor complexes from human mammary carcinoma were found to be stabilized in the presence of glycerol. The dissociation rate constant was lowered and the equilibrium dissociation constant was decreased (KD=3 nM in the absence of glycerol and 1.1 nM in the presence of 30% glycerol), whereas no clear-cut effect on the association rate was observed and no change occurred in the concentration of binding sites. Cortisol was found to compete with [3H]progesterone only at concentrations higher than 1 muM. This made it possible to distinguish [3H]progesterone binding to the receptor from binding to corticosteroid-binding globulin. Synthetic progestins [6-chloro-17 acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlromadinone acetate), 17alpha-ethinyl, 17 hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (norethisterone), and 17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9 diene-3,20-dione (R5020)] were found to have a high affinity for the receptor, whereas 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione had an affinity about one-half that of progesterone itself 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 17alpha-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20 dione (estradiol), 11beta,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (corticosterone), estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol, and 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (testosterone) were weak inhibitors of [3H]progesterone binding. Sedimentation on glycerol gradients showed different patterns in different tumors; i.e., [3H]progesterone specific binding having the characteristics of receptor was found either in the 8 S region, in the 4.5 S region, or in both. Activated progesterone-receptor complex from human mammary carcinoma cytosol was shown to bind to human DNA. An assay of the receptor based on these binding properties is described. This assay measures the total concentration of cytosol receptor since it makes possible the exchange of endogenous hormone for excess added [3H]progesterone. Of 55 biopsies examined by this method, 35 (64%) had a concentration of progesterone receptor-binding sites higher than 10 fmoles/mg protein. There was a positive correlation between the amounts of estrogen and progesterone receptors. PMID- 832271 TI - Chemotherapy of an experimental glioma with nitrosoureas. AB - Chemotherapy experiments were performed with 2 nitro-sourea drugs in an experimental mouse brain tumor model. Cell suspensions of a transplantable mouse ependymoblastoma were injected i.c. by means of a stereotactic frame. The drugs used were 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea and were given by either i.p. or by direct intraneoplastic (i.n.) injection on the fifth day after tumor cell implantation. Injections i.n. of drugs were made with the stereotactic frame. Both drugs were highly effective in increasing the median day of death and in yielding large numbers of long-term survivors. Effectiveness was evident after i.p. or i.n. injection. However, with certain dosage schedules such as every 2 hr for 5 injections daily on 2 consecutive days, i.n. injection was more effective and less toxic than i.p. injection. The reason why repeated i.n. injections produced less toxicity than repeated i.p. injections is not definitely known but may be due to local metabolism of the drugs in the tumors and surrounding brain to a less toxic form. This is the first laboratory report of direct i.n. injection of the nitrosoureas, and the authors consider these results encouraging. PMID- 832272 TI - The relationship between polyamine accumulation and DNA replication in synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells after heat shock. AB - The relationship of polyamine accumulation and semiconservative DNA replication was studied in synchronous Chinese hamster ovary cultures, progressing through the cell cycle either normally at 37 degrees or after hyperthermic exposure (43 degrees for 1 hr) during G1 or S phase. In control cultures, intracellular polyamine levels decreased as cells divided and then reaccumulated as cells exited G1 and proceeded through the S and G2 phases. Immediately after cultures were exposed to 43 degrees heat for 1 hr in G1 phase, intracellular levels of spermidine and spermine were reduced compared to controls. Coordinate with the depletion of the intracellular levels of these polyamines following exposure at 43 degrees, extracellular levels of spermidine and spermine were increased. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular amounts of both these polyamines changed from 1 to 1.5 to approximately 0.2 to 0.3 after hyperthermic exposure. These cultures exposed to 43 degrees heat during G1 initially showed depressed levels of replicated DNA, but near-control rates of DNA replication were atained in a temporally related manner with the reaccumulation of intracellular spermidine and spermine levels. When cultures were exposed to 43 degrees heat in S phase, intracellular amounts of spermidine and spermine were again reduced and increased extracellular levels of these polyamines were observed. In these S-phase-treated cultures, cells were able to continue replicating their DNA but at a much reduced rate compared to controls. These results and other show that: (a) exposure of cells at 43 degrees causes a depletion of intracellular levels of spermidine and spermine, suggesting that an immediate aspect of thermal damage is a membrane defect that markedly affects the transport of these molecules across cell membranes; (b) exposure of either G1- or S-phase cultures to 43 degrees heat caused a depression of bulk DNA-synthetic rates resulting in a prolongation of S phase, and (c) the intracellular reaccumulation of spermidine and spermine following exposure of G1 cells to a 43 degrees heat shock is temporally related to the recovery of near-normal DNA synthetic rates in these cells. PMID- 832273 TI - DNA repair characteristics and skin cancers of xeroderma pigmentosum patients in Japan. AB - Fifty xeroderma pigmentosum patients in Japan were examined for clinical characteristics and DNA repair of their cells, Skin cancers developed in 22 patients. Most of the patients without skin cancers were children, except for 5 older patients who had intermediate or nearly normal levels of DNA repair in their cells. All patients younger than 10 years old had no or very low activity of unscheduled DNA synthesis after ultraviolet light irradiation. Three genetic complementation groups, A, D, and E, and variants were found. Many Group A patients and no Group C patients characterized Japanese patients, compared with those in Europe and the United States, where Group C patients were most frequent. The high frequency of patients with low DNA repair capacities in their cells may account for the apparent high frequency of xeroderma pigmentosum patients in Japan. Age distribution of the cancer-bearing patients and their DNA repair characteristics suggest that almost all xeroderma pigmentosum patients will develop skin cancers unless their cells have nearly normal levels of DNA repair. PMID- 832274 TI - Comparison of adjuvant chemotherapeutic activity against primary and metastatic spontaneous murine tumors. AB - Metastatic tumor incidence in BALB/C X DBA/8F1 female mice was examined in the presence and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy. Following surgical removal of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas, phenylalanine mustard, adriamycin, and 5 fluorouracil (PAF) were administered at 4, 2, and 50 mg/kg, respectively, once a week for six injections. Recurring tumors and new tumors developing in other breasts over the next 6 months were noted and surgically removed to allow time for originally undetectable pulmonary metastases to develop or to regress completely. This regimen of PAF significantly decreased original tumor recurrences from 58% in controls to 36% in treated mice. New tumor development also was significantly reduced during the 5 weeks of PAF therapy and for 8 weeks thereafter. However, the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was unaffected by the chemotherapy, being 42% in controls and 37% in PAF-treated mice. About 30% of these metastases would have been undetectable at the time of original surgery. The findings stress the importance of developing agents and/or schedules that will specifically affect metastatic cells when administered early to minimal numbers of tumor cells. This system represents a stringent clinimimetic model for evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy in this regard. PMID- 832275 TI - Effector cell stimulation-inhibition of in vitro lymphoma cell DNA synthesis and correlation with in vivo antitumor response. AB - DNA synthesis by murine lymphoma cells was stimulated up to 20-fold in vitro by syngeneic or allogeneic peritoneal cells (PEC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in a 44-hr assay. The increase in DNA synthesis correlated with an increase in tumor cell number in the cultures. The adherent PEC population was responsible for most of the enhancement. This effect was abrogated by pretreating the adherent cells with the metabolic inhibitors iodoacetamide, KCN, NaF, and dinitrophenol, or with glutaraldehyde, or by heating at 56 degrees. Pretreatment with mitomycin C did not eliminate the stimulatory effect. PEC supernatants did not enhance tumor growth, but effector-to-target cell proximity was shown to be necessary for stimulation. PEC from tumor immunized mice also stimulated tumor target cell growth, but to a consistently smaller degree than did nonimmune PEC. This immune inhibition correlated with in vivo survival of mice to live tumor challenge and with ability of effector cells to increase life-span in adoptive immunity tests. Differential production of thymidine by normal and immune PEC appeared not to be a factor in these assays. Fractionation of PEC showed that the immune nonadherent cells were inhibitory in vitro and were able to increase survival time in adoptive immunity tests. On the other hand, the adherent PEC from immune mice either inhibited, stimulated, or had no effect on tumor cell DNA synthesis, compared with nonimmune adherent PEC, thus exhibiting no correlation with the immune status of the donor. In one example, administration of the macrophage activator lipopolysaccharide to mice resulted in PEC that were inhibitory in the in vitro assay, although the agent did not produce in vivo immunity. The inhibition of tumor DNA synthesis assay, with unfractionated PEC, exhibited a consistent correlation with the immune status of the host when mice were sensitized to lymphoma cells. However, the variable influence of the adherent PEC population on tumor growth reduced or nullified the immune inhibitory effect in a few cases. PMID- 832276 TI - Influence of the aryl group on the reaction of glucuronides of N arylacethydroxamic acids with polynucleotides. AB - The reactions of the glucuronide conjugates of the carcinogens N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF), N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminostilbene (N-hydroxy AAS), N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-hydroxy-AABP), and N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminophenanthrene (N-hydroxy-AAP) with transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, DNA, polyadenylate, polyguanylate, polyuridylate, polycytidylate, poly(adenylate, guanylate), and poly(guanylate, uridylate) were studied. The relative order of reactivity of these glucuronides with nucleic acids, measured by the covalent binding of the aryl group labeled with 3H or 14C, was glucuronide of N-hydroxy AAF greater than glucuronide of N-hydroxy-AAS greater than glucuronide of N hydroxy-AABP greater than glucuronide of N-hydroxy-AAP. The glucuronide of N hydroxy-AAP showed only marginal or negligible reactivity. The glucuronide of N hydroxy-AAF showed greater reactivity with polyguanylate than with polyadenylate, but the reverse was true for the glucuronide of N-hydroxy-AAS. Both of these glucuronides had much lower extents of reaction with polyuridylate and polycytidylate. Except for the reaction of the glucuronide of N-hydroxy-AABP with polyadenylate, there was no detectable reaction of this glucuronide or the glucuronide of N-hydroxy-AAP with the homopolynucleotides. Under comparable conditions the glucuronide conjugates of N-hydroxy-AAF, N-hydroxy-AAS, and N hydroxy-AABP demonstrated greater reactivity with poly(adenylate, guanylate) and poly(guanylate, uridylate) than with the homopolynucleotides. Furthermore, the synthesis of two new glucuronide conjugates, those of N-hydroxy-AAS and N-hydroxy AAP, is described. PMID- 832277 TI - Evaluation of adriamycin and dibromodulcitol in metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - A phase 1 to 2 evaluation of a combination of adriamycin (ADR) and dibromodulcitol (DBD) was performed in patients with progressive, metastatic breast carcinoma. All but one patient had been treated previously with chemotherapy. ADR was given on Day 1 or Days 1 and 8, and DBD was given on Days 1 to 10 of each 21- to 28-day treatment cycle. Side effects were evaluable in 54 patients, and 50 patients were evaluable for therapeutic response. The dose limiting toxicities were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The severity of both toxicities increased as both the ADR and DBD doses increased; however, the effect of increases in DBD dose was much more profound. The mean white blood cell count and platelet nadirs occurred, respectively, on Days 15.3 and 15.9; both nadirs were delayed for 0.6 day by each 30-mg/sq m/day increase in the DBD dose and delayed for 1.7 to 3.9 days using the Day 1, 8 rather than the Day 1 ADR schedule Recovery of the peripheral counts by Day 29 was prolonged by the Day 1, 8 ADR schedule and by increasing the DBD dose. A tolerable dose schedule for previously treated patients was considered to be ADR, 40 mg/sq m on Day 1, and DBD, 135 mg/sq m on Days 1 to 10 repeated every 28 days. Responses were observed in 46% (23 of 50) of the patients. There were 1 complete remission, 19 partial remissions, and 3 improvements. Thirteen patients showed no change and 14 developed progressive disease. There were responses in 13 of 37 (36%) with visceral dominant disease as compared to 7 of 8 (87%) with osseous and 3 of 5 (60%) with soft tissue-dominant disease. There were 22 of 48 (46%) responses in patients previously exposed to alkylating agent therapy. Twnety-two patients had responded and 19 had failed to respond to prior alkylating agent-containing regimens; the response rates to DBD in these groups were respectively, 45 and 42%. The median time to remission was 29 days. The median time to therapeutic failure was 5.1 months for responders, 2.3 months for patients with no change, and 29 days for progressors. The combination of ADR and DBD appears to be an active and well-tolerated program in patients with previously treated metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 832278 TI - Ultrastructural changes and viral morphogenesis during the growth of the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586. AB - A study was undertaken to observe morphological changes and viral morphogenesis during the growth of the mouse preputial gland tumor ESR 586. The acinar cells of the normal preputial gland have an extensive agranular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and large lipid droplets. No viral particles are present. During tumor growth, and numerous lipid droplets never attain the size of those found in the normal gland. There is a decrease in the Golgi apparatus and agranular endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum which could reflect a change in composition of tumor secretory product from the normal gland. Indeed, there is a decrease in triglycerides as the tumor ages and an increase in the sterol esters and waxes. In addition, intracisternal A-particles are observed budding from thickened endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Thickening of these membranes occur early in A-particle formation. One side of the membrane is first thickened while the opposing membrane appears is first thickened while the opposing membrane appears morphologically unaffected. The thickening of the affected membrane is initially confined to the outer (cytoplasmic) face of the membrane. In the older tumor, both opposing membranes of the reticulum are thickened and can assume an elongated whorled pattern. PMID- 832279 TI - Effect of a high-beef diet on the fecal bacterial flora of humans. AB - Ten human volunteers completed a 4-month diet series consisting of 1 month each of a control diet, a meatless diet, a high-beef diet, and the same control diet. Fat and fiber contents were essentially the same in all four diets, but protein content was doubled during the high-beef diet. During the 4th week on each diet, three stool specimens collected from each volunteer were analyzed for chemical composition and content of facultative, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria. The bacteriological data are presented in this paper. High beef protein consumption had little effect on the composition of the intestinal flora. There were no significant differences in total counts of facultative and aerobic or anaerobic organisms in the feces when volunteers were on meatless or high-beef diets. At the species level, when counts during the two control diets were comparable, in only three instances did the change from the meatless to a high-beef diet significantly influence the bacterial numbers. The ratio of mean counts of anaerobic to facultative and aerobic organisms was approximately 15:1 during the meatless diet and 34:1 during the high-meat diet. The data indicate that animal protein consumption has little effect on the fecal bacterial profile in humans. PMID- 832280 TI - Combined growth-inhibitory responses and ultrastructural alterations produced by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and dexamethasone in rat glioma cell cultures. AB - The effect of 0.0001 to 10 muM 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and 1 muM dexamethasone on cell proliferation was studied by measuring cell densities in control and drug-treated rat glioma (strain C6) monolayer cultures. When C6 cultures were exposed to 0.01 to 10 muM BCNU, the growth rates decreased for 2 days as control cell populations continued to proliferate at log phase rates. These growth-inhibitory responses were dose dependent and ranged from 20 to 80%, relative to control growth. Subsequently, the growth rates increased and the inhibitory responses ranged from 0 to 12% 4 days later. Cell densities in C6 cultures exposed to 1 muM dexamethasone for 1 day did not differ significantly from controls. Then cell proliferation ceased and the inhibitory response remained at 50% relative to controls in stationary phase. When 0.03 muM BCNU and 1 muM dexamethasone were supplied simultaneously to C6 cultures, a 35% inhibitory response occurred after 1 day. This response did not differ significantly from that observed with 0.03 muM BCNU alone. After 4 days, the inhibitory response did not decrease in cultures containing both drugs, but did decrease to 13% in the 0.03 muM BCNU-treated cultures. In 1 muM BCNU-treated cultures, the response was 66% after 1 day, which decreased to 21% 5 days later. When 1 muM BCNU was supplied to C6 cultures that were pretreated for 1 day with 1 muM dexamethasone, the response was 91% the following day, and this decreased to only 54% 5 days later. Dose-response curves showed that the inhibitory responses after 1 day in these pretreated cultures exposed to 0.001 to 10 muM BCNU increased up to 22% relative to the responses produced by either drug alone. After 5 days, the responses in the pretreated cultures exposed to 0.001 to 1 muM BCNU was 50%, which was similar to the response produced by 1 muM dexamethasone alone. Ultrastructural studies revealed that control and 1 muM BCNU-treated C6 cells contained 18 mitochondria, but the treated cells were 10% smaller after 1 day. Cells exposed to 1 muM dexamethasone for 1 day conount of granular endoplasmic reticulum increased greater than 80% in cells treated with BCNU for 1 day or dexamethasone for 2 days. C6 cells pretreated with dexamethasone and exposed to BCNU for an additional day (a) contained 23 mitochondria, (b) did not decrease in size, and (c) exhibited a greater than 250% increase in the amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum. These results demonstrate that combined growth-inhibitory responses and ultrastructural alterations occur when C6 cells are treated sequentially with 1 muM dexamethasone and BCNU. PMID- 832282 TI - A radioimmunoassay for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - A rapid and reliable radioimmunoassay method for 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) has been developed using antibody induced in rabbits, [3H]ara-C, and a Millipore filtration technique. The sensitivity of this assay was such that ara-C, 0.02 mug/ml, in plasma could be detected, and the assay was practically free from interference by deoxycytidine, cytidine, 1-beta-D arabinofuranosyluracil, and other nucleosides, as well as from various antibiotics. Blood levels of ara-C in C57BL X DBA/2F1 mice were determined after injection of 1-(3-O-octanoyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine. Relatively high ara-C levels could be maintained for a fairly long period. Plasmas of mouse, rat, and rabbit contained high esterase activity which hydrolyzed the 3'-octanoyl group in 1-(3-O-octanoyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine, whereas this activity was relatively low in dog and human plasmas. PMID- 832281 TI - The uptake, excretion, and radiation hazards of tritiated thymidine in humans. AB - Nine patients with malignant disease were given i.v. injections of tritiated thymidine, 0.2 mCi/kg, for tumor cell kinetics studies. Serial plasma, urine, saliva, and air vapor samples were collected variously for up to 79 days, and tritium activity was measured. The initial half-life of plasma activity was rapid. After 1 day, the activity decayed with a half-life of 10.8 days, indicating equilibration of activity with the total body water. Urine activity was over 100 times the plasma activity within 1 hr, with equilibration approaching the plasma activity after 2 days, and then decayed at a similar rate. Saliva and air vapor activity increased to plasma levels and then decayed at the same rate as did plasma activity. In the first 24 hr, approximately one-third of the total injected activity was excreted in the urine. During the first 12 days there were 54.2% urinary and 10.6% insensible losses. Maximum losses determined by extrapolation of observed data were 68% urinary and 19.5% insensible losses, or a total of 87.5%. Approximately 7% of the injected activity may represent material initially incorporated into DNA but later metabolized and excreted. The radiation dose from total body water is estimated at 0.69 rad. The estimated dose absorbed by cell nuclei from incorporated material is a maximum of 20.5 rads. These radiation doses would not seem to contraindicate injection of 0.2 mCi tritiated thymidine per kg to patients in this clinical and experimental setting. Measurements of activity in personnel and room air indicate that the use of such doses is not hazardous if appropriate precautions are followed. PMID- 832283 TI - Changes in the pattern of regional pulmonary blood flow after PGF2alpha infusion in pregnant women. AB - The central haemodynamics and regional lung function were measured in the sitting position before and after infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in seven healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The dosage level of PGF2alpha was: 100mug/min for 10 minutes followed by 300mug/min for 5 minutes. The pulmonary arterial pressure, wedge pressure, and cardiac output were measured by means of a flow direct Swan-Ganz catheter introduced through an antecubital vein. The regional perfusion of the lungs was determined, in the sitting position, by external counting over the chest following intravenous injection of Xe133. The thoracic impedance was measured with the Minnesota Impedance Cardiograph Model 304A and the impedance was considered as an expression of the thoracic fluid volume. A significant redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow after PGF2alpha administration was found, ie an increase in the apical blood flow and a reduction in the basal blood flow. Further, the point of maximal blood flow moved in direction of the apex. A significant increase in both arterial [1.92-2.76 kPa (14.4-20.7 mmHg)] and wedge pressures [0.56-0.83 kPa (4.2-6.2 mmHg)] was found at the highest dosage level, whereas no changes were seen in the cardiac output and thoracic impedance. The findings indicate vasoconstriction of the arterial and possibly on the venous side of the pulmonary vascular bed during PGF2alpha infusion. PMID- 832284 TI - Estimation of ventricular refractoriness in man by the extra stimulus method. AB - The effective right ventricular refractory (EVRP) period was estimated in 24 patients using the extra stimulus technique. All patients were paced from the right ventricle at basic pacing intervals of 400, 500, 600 and 800 ms, respectively. In all patients the EVRP decreased when the basic pacing rate was increased. At the same basic pacing rate there was a wide variation in the EVRP between individual patients. Within an individual patient, however, providing the position of the pacing electrode remained stable, there was no significant variation in the EVRP when estimations were performed 15-30 min apart. Thus the technique can be used to assess the effect of a drug on the EVRP in an individual patient. PMID- 832286 TI - The combined influence of the stimulus frequency of the vagal nerves and the atrial stimulus interval on the atrioventricular conduction time. AB - The way in which the A-V node adapts its conduction time to stepwise alterations of atrial stimulation rates was studied under different conditions of vagal nerve activity (open chest, anaesthetised rabbit). Increase of stimulation rate induced oscillatory adaptation to a longer conduction time. Decrease caused shorter conduction times without oscillation. The time constant did not differ. Oscillation amplitude and time constants were markedly influenced by vagal activity. The observed phenomena can be explained on the basis of a time and voltage dependent K+ conductance. PMID- 832285 TI - Catechol-mediated effects of harmaline on the action potential of rat atrial fibres. AB - The mechanism of the transient enhancement of the amplitude of the action potential (AAP) induced by harmaline (HME) was studied in rat atria. The results show that HME increases AAP through an enhancement of the slow component responsible for the last part of the upstroke, which overcomes an inhibitory action on the initial fast component. The stimulatory effect on the slow component is mediated through adrenergic beta receptors and normally masks an alpha-dependent depressant effect. PMID- 832287 TI - Use of glucagon in the treatment of quinidine toxicity in the heart. AB - The effects of glucagon on quinidine-induced cardiac toxicity were studied in open-chest anaesthetised dogs. Glucagon along increased the heart rate and contractility; and decreased the blood pressure, duration of P-R and Q-T interval, and QRS complex. Quinidine produced dose-dependent decreases in the heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility, and lengthening of the duration of P-R and Q-T interval, and QRS complex. Glucagon abolished the changes produced by quinidine within two minutes, and appears to be a drug of choice in the treatment of quinidine toxicity in the heart. PMID- 832288 TI - Reactive hyperaemia in the dog heart: evidence for a myogenic contribution. AB - Temporary restriction of arterial inflow after release of eight second coronary artery occlusions greatly reduced reactive hyperaemia but prolonged its duration. Early repayment of the flow debt before restriction did not alter these changes. Despite reduced hyperaemia, there was evidence of subendocardial ischaemia during restriction. Yet occlusions of only one and two cardiac cycles produced marked hyperaemia without evidence of post-release subendocardial ischaemia. All these changes were associated with alterations in peripheral coronary artery pressure consistent with myogenic responses contributing to reactive hyperaemia. PMID- 832289 TI - Myocardial renin-angiotensin extraction in man. AB - Renin activity, renin substrate, and angiotensin II concentration were measured in the aortic and coronary sinus blood of 14 patients. There was a significant gradient for angiotensin II only. The gradient was diminished in areas of ischaemic myocardium. The study suggests that angiotensin II is partially bound, extracted, or destroyed in the coronary circulation of man. PMID- 832290 TI - Post implantation viability in canine allograft heart valves. AB - Known viable allograft canine pulmonary valves were inserted in an isotopic position ensuring normal physiological function and simulating the clinical situation. Valves removed at periods up to eight weeks were assessed for viability using previously established criteria of tissue culture and protein and collagen synthesis. The origin of cells present within the allografted leaflets was investigated by chromosome identification where possible. The results, in association with the histological appearances, indicated that pre-implantation viability was not retained in the leaflets of the allografted valves implanted in this study. PMID- 832292 TI - Freeze-fracture of capillary endothelium in rat brain. AB - The rat brain capillary was studied with freeze-fracture technique. The attached plasmalemmal vesicles were quite few in number on the luminal front and sometimes numerous on the contraluminal side. The fracture appearance of some tight junctions showed interconnecting ridges on face A and complementary furrows devoid of particles on face B, comparable to the common tight junction in the normal epithelia. Other tight junctions revealed a preferential disposition of quasicontinous rows of particles on shallow furrows of face B, resembling the tight junctional strands of capillary endothelium in non-cerebral tissues. Either behavior is probably due to the difference in the fracture plane around the single fibril. In addition, the tight junctional strand could surround the perimeter of the endothelial cell completely although the exposed strand of tight junction was limited in lenght. PMID- 832291 TI - Effects of long term denervation on smooth muscle of the chicken expansor secundariorum. AB - Denervation of the expansor secundariorum muscle of the adult and 2 week chicken, by sectioning the brachial plexus, resulted in an approximate twofold increase in dry weight over 8 weeks. Unlike skeletal muscle, no ultrastructural changes were exhibited by the smooth muscle cells for a period of up to 5 months post denervation. No evidence of hypertrophy of the individual muscle cells was observed, but following colchicine treatment a definite increase in the number of mitotic figures was noted within muscle bundles indicating that the increase in dry weight of the expansor muscle is due to hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells. The results are discussed in relation to in vitro studies of the interaction of sympathetic nerves with smooth muscle. PMID- 832293 TI - Intestinal enzymes activities in isolated villus and crypt cells during postnatal development of the rat. AB - A modification of Weiser's (1973) cell isolation method was used in order to study the developmental pattern of various intestinal enzyme activities in villus and crypt cells of normal rats from 5 days after birth until 8 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase and enterokinase activities were always located in the upper villus zone during postnatal development. Enterokinase activity was higher in the upper villus cells during the third week of life than after this period. Aminopeptidase activity was located in the crypt cells during the first week, its maximum activity remained in this area until the third week. At this time, sucrase activity appeared in the crypt cells, then aminopeptidase and sucrase activities rose to the villus zone during the fourth week. Amylase activity was detected along the entire crypt-villus axis 5 days after birth, reaching maximum activity in crypt cells at the end of the first week and in the upper villus cells after the fourth week. In contrast with the other enzymes studied almost all amylase activity was soluble in the youngest animals whereas at weaning most of the activity appeared in a particulate form in the villus cells. But in the crypt cells the ratio between particulate and soluble form remained unchanged until the adult stage. Various hypotheses are advanced to explain the patterns of evolution of the different enzymes. PMID- 832294 TI - The fine structure of the compound eye of Squilla mantis (Crustacea, Stomatopoda). AB - The fine structure of the compound eye of adult specimens of Squilla mantis was investigated. The eye consists of about 3600-3700 ommatidia, each containing a dioptric apparatus formed by a lamellated corneal lens and a eucone-type crystalline cone. Each of the four cone cells give rise to a cylindrical process (crystalline thread) inserted between the retinula cells and extending down to the basement membrane. Two distal pigment cells completely encompass the distal part of the crystalline cone, becoming progressively smaller and forming roundish processes. At the level of the tip of the crystalline cone they split off into small pigment-containing processes, and a central process leads down to the basement membrane. About 12-16 proximal pigment cells surround the ommatidium and extend from the tip of the crystalline cone to the basement membrane. In addition to the two types of pigment cell, three other types of pigment-containing cells were identified, one of which possibly contains - on the basis of their ultrastructure - crystals of the respiratory pigment hemocyanin. The two other pigments are found respectively on the surface of the retina (green pigment) and beneath the surface and in the intraommatidial space (white pigment). The distal part of each ommatidium consists of retinula cells of about equal size. Further proximal an 8th small retinula cell is encountered. The fused, centrally located rhabdom, is built up of the microvilli (rhabdomeres) of the 7 large retinula cells, the 8th has no microvilli. The structure of the ommatidia was also examined in relation to light-dark adapted conditions (LA-DA). In DA the crystalline cone shortens and the rhabdom becomes longer by an approximately corresponding amount and the pigments of the distal pigment cells expand more distally. The number and type of special cytoplasmic inclusions, as well as the shape and size of the so-called perirhabdomal vacuoles, seems not to be changed by light or dark-adaptation. In the 7 large retinula cells, an unusual migration of pigment granules occurs under DA conditions (the 8th does not contain pigment granules), In DA, many of granules which are distributed around the rhabdom in LA, line up in rows, like strings of pearls, along the rhabdom, forming a dense pigment coat around it. The findings are compared with those of related studies and their functional implications for the vision of Squilla are discussed. PMID- 832295 TI - Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in human spermatogenesis. AB - Electron microscopic examination of normal human testicular tissue revealed annulate lamellae (AL) in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes and spermatids. AL of primary spermatocytes are encountered in the perinuclear region, parallel to the nuclear envelope and form single or multiple membranous profiles containing numerous annuli (500-600 A in diameter) frequently associated with a fibrillar electron dense material. Spermatids contain numerous layers of AL either continuous with the nuclear envelope and caudal to the acrosome or peripherally positioned in the cytoplasm. Individual lamellae possess terminal dilations and display continuities with the endoplasmic reticulum. The interlamellar space in spertmatid AL is entirely filled with a fine granular electron dense material. Additionally, the breakdown of AL in spermatozoan residual bodies is indicated by a dilation of AL cisternae to form vacuoles following the dissolution of pore complexes. PMID- 832297 TI - The behaviour of centrioles and the formation of the flagellum in rooster and drake spermatids. AB - Developmental changes in the formation of the centrioles and flagellum during spermiogenesis in the rooster and drake were studied. Changes in the length and thickness of the wall of the centrioles were observed from an early stage of spermatid development. Before the proximal centriole is attached to the nucleus microtubules were observed near the centrioles joined to them. At this stage of spermatid development changes on the nuclear membrane were observed at a place where the proximal centriole is attached to the nucleus. At the later stage of spermatid differentiation three to five dense extensions in the space of the nuclear invagination and dense bodies or granules near the distal centriole were present. The anterior part of the newly formed flagellum is covered by a cytoplasmic membrane displaying extension which is approximately 1.3 mum long. Slight differences between the two species were observed. PMID- 832296 TI - Identification of two populations of biogenic amine-containg cells in the mouse lung. AB - Two distinct populations of fluorogenic amine-containing cells were observed in the lungs of nine-week old mice: one with an intense yellow emission, which possible indicates the presence of serotonin; and one emitting a yellow-green fluorescence, which probably indicates the presence of a catecholamine such as dopamine or norepinephrine. Simultaneous identification of two different fluorogenic amine-containing cells, without pre-administration of a precursor to that amine, has not previously been reported. Such evidence of amine-containing cells demonstrated the success of the perfusion-freezing technique and established that cellular storage of fluorogenic amines does occur in vivo under normal physiological conditions. The function of such amine-containing cells has not been established; however, their location and the known physiological effects of amines would suggest regional control of ventilation/perfusion of the lung. PMID- 832299 TI - Neuronal arrangement in the auditory field L of the neostriatum of the starling. AB - Light microscopic investigations show that nerve cells of the field L in the starling neostriatum are dispersed into small groups forming unit-like clusters. Isolated neurons occur between these neuronal clusters. Electron microsceopy demonstrates that the neurons occurring in small clusters are not separated by intervening glial processes, but only by a normal intercellular space. In each neuronal cluster large areas of direct somato-somatic and dendro-somatic appositions exist. In areas of somato-somatic apposition, the plasma membranes of adjoining neurons show specialized junctional zones. These junctional zones resemble desmosoid puncta adhaerentia. In areas of dendro-somatic apposition the neuronal plasma membranes approach each other more closely, but do not show any specialized junctional zone. The clustering of neurons without glial separation and the presence of junctional zones between these neurons are discussed. PMID- 832298 TI - A neuroanatomical study on the organization of the central antennal pathways in insects. AB - Receptor cell axons from the antennal flagellum terminate in the glomeruli of the ipsilateral deutocerebrum in Periplaneta americana and Locusta migratoria. Processes from several groups of deutocerebral neurons also enter the glomeruli and terminate in characteristic branching patterns. There, they contact the antennal axons. Connections are both convergent and divergent. Not only do single central neurons collect the inputs from many receptor cells, but receptor axons were often observed to branch and terminate at more than one deutocerebral neuron. The axons from a portion of the neurons go to form the deutocerebral bundle of the tractus olfactorio-globularis. These axons of the bundle terminate in the ipsilateral calyx of the corpus pedunculatum and in the lateral lobus protocerebri. The processes of the majority of the deutocerebral neurons stay within the deutocerebrum itself and may serve as local interneurons. Part of some antennal fibers terminate in the lobus dorsalis. The lobus glomeratus receives inputs from the maxillary palps and also from processess of deutocerebral neurons. Electron microscopy of synaptic connections and anatomical experiments reveal a complicated pattern of connections between receptor axons and higher order neurons as well as between higher order neurons themselves within the glomeruli. The ratio of the number of antennal fibers to that of relay fibers could easily lead to the interpretation, that the deutocerebrum merely serves as a device for reducing the number of transmission channels. However, coupled with physiological data, anatomical details such as con- and divergence of input and interconnections between input channels suggest rather a filtering system and a highly complicated integrative network. PMID- 832301 TI - Ultrastructure of nerve plexus in flatworms. III. The infra-epithelial nervous system. AB - In addition to a submuscular and subepithelial nerve plexus an infra-epithelial nerve-net also occurs in Notoplana acticola. It contains naked nerve cells which lie between the bases of epithelial cells. Individual neurites occur separately or in small tracts. Synapses contain clear spherical vesicles and are polarized. Post-synaptic neurites tend to be flat and ribbon-like. Rhabdite and mucus secreting cells in the epithelium have synapses associated with them. Neurites ending on the rhabdites appear to originate in the subepithelial plexus. The "sensory-free nerve endings" of earlier workers are reinterpreted as being motor terminals on epithelial secretory cells. PMID- 832300 TI - Cytological evidence for different types of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting subependymal cells in the preoptic and infundibular recesses of the frog. AB - Blue-green fluorescent subependymal cells with intraventricular processes were shown by the fluorescent histochemical method to be distributed from the preoptic recess to the infundibular recess of the frog hypothalamus. Electron microscopy revealed at least two types of CSF-contacting subependymal cells, type 1 containing large dense granules (about 100-200 nm in diameter) and type 2 containing small dense core vesicles (about 60-100 nm in diameter). Subsequent to fixation in permanganate solution, the small dense core vesicles in type 2 cells reacted with the fixative and consistently showed a dense content. However, the large granules in type 1 cells were mostly pale or less dense after this fixation. Two hours after intraventricular injection of 3H-dopamine, a large number of silver grains appeared only in the cytoplasm of intraventricular processes possessing dense core vesicles (type 2 cells). A few grains were also found in the perikarya. It is concluded that type 2 cells are catecholamine storing cells. It is suggested that type 1 cells in the infundibular recess are peptidergic neurons which may secrete some hypothalamic regulating hormones of the anterior pituitary. Most of these cells in the preoptic recess belong to the neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus, while some cells probably function similarly to those in the infundibular recess. PMID- 832302 TI - Long term effect of hypophysectomy and prolactin treatment on kidney structure in the eel in fresh water. AB - Long term effects of hypophysectomy and ovine prolactin treatment on the histological picture of the kidney were investigated in European eels. The epithelial cell height is very slowly affected after hypophysectomy, the decrease being highly significant after 50 days only in the distal and the initial collecting tubules. Nuclear surfaces were more rapidly reduced, the regressive changes being first detected in the initial collecting tubule (5 days), then in the distal portion and the two proximal segments. No degenerative changes were observed. These structural responses may be correlated with the slow reduction of the urine flow and of the plasma electrolytes in the same species. Ovine prolactin treatment (10mug/g/day) overcompensates the effects of hypophysectomy on the epithelial cell height and the nuclear area, and even after 50 days still induces the proliferation of new tubules although its action remains less intense than in intact eels. Other histological criteria (brush border thickness, mitotic activity, basal structure of proximal 2 cells) and sodium retention do suggest that these structural modifications reflect an increased functional activity of the kidney in addition to the effect of prolactin on sodium fluxes in the gills. PMID- 832303 TI - Fine structure of the corpus luteum of pregnancy in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Corpora lutea from gerbils on days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of pregnancy were studied electron microscopically. Similarly, luteal tissue from animals on the day of parturition and one day postpartum was studied (gestation: 24 days +/- 8 24h). Agranular endoplasmic reticulum increases in quantity through day 16 and thereafter is somewhat reduced. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and a population of small granules (type I) become abundant during late pregnancy and their possible role in the production and storage of relaxin is discussed. Luteal tissue undergoes a relatively rapid regression which begins on the day of parturition. Conspicuous in the regressing luteal tissue are large (type II) granules (possibly lysosomes), lipid droplets, leucocytic elements and macrophages. Functional correlates of these morphological findings are discussed. PMID- 832305 TI - Relationship between structure and function of antennal chemo-, hygro-, and thermoreceptive sensilla in Periplaneta americana. AB - On the antennae of Periplaneta americana, 25 chemo-, hygro- or thermosensitive sensilla were investigated electrophysiologically and, after marking, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A clear-cut relationship of functional types to structural types was observed. Two different stimulus conducting structures were observed: a) pore tubules which are found only in smooth, single-walled sensory pegs and b) secretion-filled canals which occur only in grooved double-walled sensilla. Temperature- and humidity-sensitive receptors occur only in double-walled sensilla with secretion material as the stimulus conducting system. Olfactory sensory cells were found in both types, however, those with a specific sensitivity for short-chain n-alcohols are restricted to single-walled pegs with pore tubules, while those which are most sensitive to short-chain n-acids and amines are found in double-walled sensilla, sometimes together with thermosensitive units. The stimulus conducting systems may control the access of odorous substances to the dendritic membranes and thus contribute to the discriminatory properties of the sensilla. PMID- 832304 TI - The morphology of erythroid cells separated by density gradient centrifugation through Ficoll. AB - The regenerating blood of geese injected with phenylhydrazine was subjected to large scale, zonal centrifugation through density gradients of Ficoll. In this way, erythroid cells were fractionated according to their respective stages of development. Highly enriched fractions were obtained, containing cells that were well preserved as assessed by both light and electron microscopy. The separated cells exhibited ribosome density and nucleic acid and protein staining patterns typically associated with erythrocyte differentiation. Morphometric analysis of nuclei indicated that despite an apparent net increase in the amount of compact chromatin during development, comparatively little difference existed between the volumes of condensed chromatin present in immature and mature cells. Instead, there was a three fold decrease in nuclear volume between young erythroblasts and reticulocytes, coupled with a concomitant decrease in the volume occupied by dispersed chromatin, RNP and nucleoli. These observations are discussed in relation to molecular changes associated with nuclear differentiation in erythroid cells. PMID- 832306 TI - Neuronal and glial differentiation in reaggregation cultures. AB - Dissociation and reaggregation cultures from different portions of the chick embryo neural tube were made, and the resulting aggregates were fixed for electron microscopy after 1, 5, 8, 14, 16 and 22 days in vitro. All cultures (pure aggregates of telencephalon, optic lobe or neural retina, and combined aggregates made from mixtures of optic lobe plus neural retina or optic lobe plus telencephalon) show a common timing of neuronal and glial morphological differentiation. During the first week in vitro, some cells developed neuronal characteristics in the absence of morphological evidence of glial differentiation. Numerous axonic processes usually formed fascicles with all the fibers running parallel to each other. Axonic growth cones were abundant and a few immature synapses were also persent. The second week in culture was characterized by the disappearance of growth cones and the increase in number and morphological maturation of synapses. Morphologically detectable glial differentiation began by the end of this week, and during the third week almost every neuronal element, including the axonic fascicles, became associated with glial cells showing astrocytic features. PMID- 832307 TI - Ultrastructural and carbohydrate histochemical studies on the differentiation and renewal of mucous cells in the rat gastric fundus. AB - Gastric surface mucous cells (SMC), mucous neck cells (MNC) and their undifferentiated and immature precursors were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. The secretory granules of SMC were smaller, more electron dense and more reactive to PAS and its analogues than those of MNC. Alcian blue demonstrated that the mucus of SMC was acidic and that of MNC was neutral. The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method revealed the pressence of carbohydrates in the golgi apparatus, condensing vacuoles, secretory granules, apical vesicles and tubules and cell coat. Maturation of SMC during their migration towards the free surface was reflected by an increase in size and number of secretory granules, an increase of RER and microfilaments, and a decrease of microvilli and apical vesicles and tubules. The secretory granules of older SMC were less acidic and possessed a proteinaceous core. Most MNC were fully differentiated, but some immature MNC containing only a few granules were found. Furthermore, undifferentiated cells and intermediates between SMC and MNC were also observed. The presence of both transitional and intermediate forms indicates that both SMC, and MNC arise from the same population of undifferentiated cells. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine revealed that undifferentiated cells, use isthmic SMC, MNC and intermediate cells are proliferative. No proliferative activity was found in foveolar SMC, parietal, chief, fibrillovesicular or endocrine cells. PMID- 832308 TI - Protamine induced intracellular uptake of horseradish peroxidase and vacuolation in mouse skeletal muscle in vitro. AB - The uptake in vitro of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in mouse skeletal muscle was examined by electron microscopy and chemical determination. In muscles exposed to an HRP solution for 60 min at +37 degrees C, HRP infiltrated the basal lamina of muscle fibres and caused an intense labelling of their sarcolemma. In addition HRP was found within the transverse tubules. Exposure to HRP for 30 min at +37 degrees C followed by HRP together with a polycationic protein (protamine) for 30 min at +37 degrees C caused an intracellular vesicular uptake of HRP. Intracellular HRP was found in numerous vesicles, membrane limited bodies and vacuoles. Protamine also induced focal autophagic vacuolation with progressive muscle fibre degeneration. An intracellular HRP uptake or muscle cell vacuolation could not be detected in the absence of protamine or when the incubation temperature was +4 degrees C. Chemical determination of HRP uptake was in general agreement with the morphological results. The uptake of HRP in the presence of protamine was stimulated at +37 degrees C and blocked at +4 degrees C. The results suggest that in skeletal muscle in vitro intracellular uptake of macromolecules occurs by endocytosis. PMID- 832309 TI - Membrane-fusions and cytoplasmic bridges in the cells of the developing cerebellum. AB - In the developing cerebellum of the neonate rats membrane-fusions and cytoplasmic bridges between cells were observed. These membrane-fusions were characterized by the presence of loops of membrane and cytoplasmic bridges between the two limits of the membrane-fusions. They were found between Purkinje cells, Purkinje cells and the migratory cells, mitotically potent cells of the external granular layer, and differentiating granule cells of the internal granular layer. The membrane fusions were found to be a transient developmental phenomenon. Issues pertaining to the universality of membrane-fusions, their significance in the induction for cell differentiation, and the problem of fixation artifacts are discussed. PMID- 832310 TI - Ocellar projections within the central nervous system of the worker honey bee, Apis mellifera. AB - The projections of ocellar fibres within the brain and thorax of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, were established using a modified cobalt sulphide technique, supplemented by serial sectioning of the brain for the light microscope. The results are: 5 large fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve have wide-field terminal arborisations in ocellar association areas on either side of the posterior slope area. 9 medium-sized fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve form a second ocellar association area on each side of the perioesophageal foramen. A group of fine fibres , stained via the ocellar nerves, arborise just below and anterior to the protocerebral bridge. 10 medium-sized fibres run from the level of the ocellar nerve tracts to the first and second thoracic ganglia, branching in a number of discrete areas within each ganglion. These fibres also form a restricted ocellar association area within the suboesophageal ganglion. A few fibres run between the higher-order optic centres and the ocellar tract. The large- and medium-sized fibres give off short, stout spines from their axons within the ocellar tracts. PMID- 832312 TI - Immune competence and immunosuppressive factors in splenectomized tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 832311 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of the microvasculature of the avian lung. AB - 1. The microvasculature of the lung of the duck and pigeon was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts and critical point dried preparations of the gas exchange tissue. 2. The gas-exchange cappilaries are discrete tubular vessels intimately associated with air capillaries in a three dimensional network. 3. The capillaries originate from arteries at the periphery of the parabronchus, and are collected by veins which run close to its luminal surface. 4. The capillary bed of 3-5 atria is drained by a single vein. It is suggested that the vein and its associated capillaries may form a controllable subunit of pulmonary perfusion. PMID- 832313 TI - The in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to poly (Glu52 Lys33 Tyr15) in inbred rats. PMID- 832314 TI - Stimulation by mitogen and metabolic antigen of DNA synthesis by mesenteric lymph node and spleen cells obtained during primary infection of rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 832315 TI - Qualitative differences in the lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response between the bone marrow and other lymphoid organs. PMID- 832316 TI - Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte responses by measles virus antigen. PMID- 832318 TI - The cellular and humoral immune response to Schistosoma mansoni infections in inbred rats. II. Mechanisms during reexposure. PMID- 832317 TI - Macrophage regulation of mitogen-induced blastogenesis. II. Mechanism of inhibition. PMID- 832319 TI - The modulating effects of lymph on the synthesis of immunoglobulins by lymphoblasts. PMID- 832320 TI - [Gerstmann's syndrome]. PMID- 832321 TI - [Pathophysiological interpretation and classification of apraxias]. PMID- 832322 TI - [Pathophysiology of constructive apraxis]. PMID- 832323 TI - [The effect of loud music on the acoustic evoked potentials]. PMID- 832324 TI - [Some problems of rehabilitation of patients after acute cerebral lesions]. PMID- 832325 TI - [Pharmacology of hypnotics (lectures)]. PMID- 832326 TI - [Pathophysiological interpretation and classification of agnosias]. PMID- 832328 TI - [Problems of localization, capacity, classification and organization of work in the central admission unit of hospitals with polyclinics]. PMID- 832327 TI - [Search of methods for the determination of information needed in health administration]. PMID- 832330 TI - [Team work of the physician, anthropologist and psychologist in the departments of sport medicine in hospitals with type-III polyclinics]. PMID- 832329 TI - [Return rate of graduates of pharmaceutical schools to the West Bohemian region]. PMID- 832331 TI - [A new type of emergency care for hospitalized patients]. PMID- 832332 TI - [Development of the use of blood transfusion preparations in the 5th 5-year plan]. PMID- 832333 TI - [Methods of predicting the operational costs in health services on a regional level]. PMID- 832334 TI - Fatty acids, Part X. Raman spectra of all dimethylene interrupted methyl cis, cis octadecadienoates and octadecadiynoates. AB - The Raman spectra of all the dimethylene interrupted methyl cis, cis octadecadienoates and octadecadiyonates have been studied. The Raman band positions and their relative intensities for the v(C=C),v(C=C),v(C-H) and beta (CH2) modes are recorded. The height intensity of the bands arising from v(C=C) relative to v(C=O) provides a means of determining the number of cis-ethylenic bonds in a mono-ester. In the acetylenic series, the intensity of the bands arising from v(C=C) relative to v(C=O) failed to indicate with certainty the number of acetylenic bonds in the mono-esters studied, due to the weak intensity of the band due to v(C=O). However a better correlation between the relative intensities of the v(C=C) and beta (CH2) bands is established instead. An attempt to correlate the areas under the bands due to v(C=C), (C=C), (C=O) and beta (CH2) failed to produce any significant results. The Raman spectra of the methyl octadec-cis-10-en-5-ynoate and methyl octadeca-5, 10-diynoate are also recorded. PMID- 832335 TI - Fatty acids. Part 50. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of olefinic fatty acids and esters. PMID- 832336 TI - 13C-NMR of double and triple bond carbon atoms of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. AB - The carbon magnetic resonance spectra of many fatty acid methyl esters with cis and trans double bonds and triple bonds at various positions and in many different combinations have been investigated. The influence of the ester group on double and triple bonds in the fatty acid chain depends strongly on the positions of these bonds. For a given position the influence is constant, even if one or more other double or triple bonds are present. Together with the evaluated chemical shift parameters for the effects of double and triple bonds on each other, complete assignments are possible and spectra of various types of unsaturated esters can be predicted with high accuracy (+/- 0.1 ppm). PMID- 832337 TI - Effects of alpha-tocopherol analogs on lysosome membranes and fatty acid monolayers. AB - The surface pressures of alpha-tocopherol analogs, fatty acids, and their mixtures were measured in their spread monolayers at an air--water interface. The surface pressure--area isotherms for the mixed monolayers of alpha-tocopherol and either stearic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid deviated positively from those calculated on the basis of the additivity rule, and the magnitude depended on the length of the phytyl side chain in alpha-tocopherol and on the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid chains. Lysosome membranes of mouse liver were stabilized by addition of alpha-tocopherol. A decrease in the length of the phytyl side chain in alpha-tocopherol reduced its ability to stabilize lysosome membranes. A good correlation was obtained between the extent of stabilizing activity of alpha-tocopherol analogs on lysosome membranes and the degree of positive deviation of the surface pressure for their mixtures with fatty acids. PMID- 832338 TI - Capacitance studied of syntheric phospholipid Langmuir films. AB - Synthetic phosphatidylcholine Langmuir films have been incorporated into metal insulator-metal (MIM) thin film junctions. The capacitance characteristics of these junctions have been studied as a function of temperature, the number of lipid layers in the insulating layer, and the length of the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid molecule. The thickness of the oxide layer on the base aluminum electrode has been determined to be larger than or equal to 11 A, and its effects on the capacitance characteristics have been considered in some detail. Indications of phase transitions in the temperature dependence of the capacitance imply that the basic lemellar arrangement of the lipid molecules is retained even after the samples are subjected to a dehydrating vacuum annealing process. An examination of the effects of varying the hydrocarbon chain length and salt content of the subphase during sample fabrication showed that capacitance characteristics of the MIM junction are very sensitive to small structural changes in the insulating layer. PMID- 832339 TI - Amphipathic helixes and plasma lipoproteins: thermodynamic and geometric considerations. AB - In this paper analyses are made of the thermodynamic and geometric properties of the predicted association between amphipathic helixes and phospholipid vesicles. From thermodynamic considerations it is proposed that a major driving force for such an association is the negative free energy gained by the transfer of a number of hydrophobic residues (contained within the non-polar faces of amphipathic helixes), from water to the interior of a phospholipid bilayer. The mechanism proposed is that in the aqueous state a potentially amphipathic sequence forms a non-helical hydrophobic patch on the surface of the apolipoprotein. Formation of an amphipathic helix and simultaneous burial of the hydrophobic residues in the surface of a phospholipid bilayer provides the driving force for lipid association. From this model an estimate of the upperlimit for the hydrophobically driven free energy of lipid association (-40 65 kcal/mol) is calculated for the 4 apolipoproteins with known sequences. On the basis of geometrical considerations a model for an intermediate state of high density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesis is proposed. This model consists of a cholesterol-containing phospholipid bilayer disc whose 'naked" hydrophobic edges are shielded from the aqueous phase by amphipathic helixes of the apolipoproteins. Exposure of these 'bicycle tire" miscelles to the enzyme lecithin : cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) is postulated to result in the formation of mature spherical HDL particles with cholesteryl ester forming a neutral lipid core. PMID- 832340 TI - Raman spectroscopic studies of different forms of cholesterol and its derivatives in the crystalline state. AB - A Raman spectroscopic study has been carried out on a number of cholesterols and cholesterol derivatives in the crystalline state, in order to obtaine some empirical correlations between the Raman spectra and structure of each cholesterol form. Although the Raman spectra of the various cholesterols are highly complex it was found that three regions of the spectrum yield considerable information about the crystalline chain packing in each form. They are: (1) the low frequency region below 300 cm-1, giving information on the inter-and intramolecular vibrations in the cholesteryl moiety; (2) the methylene rocking/deformation region between 1400 and 1500 cm-1 giving information on chain packing in the crystalline state, and (3) the C-H stretching region between 2700 and 3100 cm-1 which appears to indicate that there is a correlation between branching in the side chains of the cholesterols, polarity of the substituent groups in the various derivatives studied and relative chain order in the packing arrangements in the crystalline state. A study of two branched chain aerosol derivatives, bis(di2-octyl) sodium sulphosuccinate and its isomer bis(di-2 ethylhexyl) sodium sulphosuccinate, indicate that branched chain amphiphiles are good Raman spectroscopic models for the cholesterols, similar to previous Raman spectroscopic studies which have found straight chain amphiphiles to be good models for more complex phospholipids. PMID- 832341 TI - Coronary arteriography. PMID- 832342 TI - Origin of body surface QRS and T wave potentials from epicardial potential distributions in the intact chimpanzee. AB - Epicardial and body surface QRS-T wave potential distributions were measured during normal and ectopic sequences in intact chimpanzees. Epicardial potential distributions were used because they provide a comprehensive picture of total cardiac electrical activity for relating heart and body surface events during both ventricular activation and repolarization. When the epicardial potential gradients existed over a distance greater than that to the recording points on the body surface, e.g., as occurred during the overlap of terminal ventricular activation and early repolarization, the epicardial events were mirrored well on the anterior chest surface. However, when the recording points were at a distance greater than that over which the epicardial potential gradients existed, the details of the epicardial events disappeared and their effect was to produce distinct changes in the low-level potentials over broad distant areas. The major manifestations on the body surface of selective epicardial events frequently were changes in the distant low-level potential areas while there was no change in the pattern near the maximum or minimum. The ST-T wave body surface distributions were as useful as the QRS patterns for localizing the ventricular ectopic foci presented. A direct experimental basis is provided for explaining T wave notches which occurred during normal and ectopic beats and resembled U waves. It should be possible to achieve as precise an understanding of ST-T waves on the basis of epicardial potential distributions as has thus far been achieved for QRS on the basis of isochrones. PMID- 832343 TI - Correlation of postmortem anatomic findings with electrocardiographic changes in patients with myocardial infarction: retrospective study of patients with typical anterior and posterior infarcts. AB - This retrospective study correlates electrocardiographic and histopathologic findings in 24 patients with single well-circumscribed infarcts to determine 1) whether ECG terms commonly used to describe the location of myocardial infarcts are significant, and 2) whether the extent of infarct can be determined using QRS characteristics. Transverse sections of the hearts were photographed. Based on histologic sections, the infarct was outlined on the photograph and each section was planimetered via a sonic digitizer into a computer that was programmed to divide the left ventricle into 8 radial sectors and also into basal, mesial, and apical thirds. The percentage of infarct in each of these areas was then calculated. Of the 24 hearts evaluated 12 had posterior infarcts and 12 had anterior infarcts. Posterior infarcts principally involved the basal and mesial levels, whereas the anterior infarcts were more extensive in the apical and mesial thirds, with relative or total sparing of the base. Posterior infarcts were associated with Q waves in leads II, III and aVF in 11 instances. The other posterior infarct was associated with markedly diminished R waves in leads II, III and aVf in the presence of a horizontal axis. All anterior infarcts were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the right precordial leads. Eight of the anterior infarcts exhibited circumferential apical involvement and all eight were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the left precordial leads. This study documents the electrocardiographic identification of anterior, posterior, and apical infarcts by correlation with pathologic anatomy. PMID- 832344 TI - Intracardiac conduction intervals in children with congenital heart disease: comparison of His bundle studies in 41 normal children and 307 patients with congenital cardiac defects. AB - His bundle electrograms were recorded in 348 patients aged 2 months to 24 years following routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Among 41 children found to be free of anatomic or hemodynamic abnormality the following mean values were obtained: P-H interval, 93.4 +/- 15.3 msec; P-A time, 21.2 +/- 7.1 msec; A-H interval, 72.2 +/- 15.9 msec; and H-V interval, 39.8 +/- 5.2 msec. The remaining 307 patients were analyzed by diagnosis of congenital heart disease. The mean P-H interval was found to be significantly increased in both ostium primum and secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with A-H prolongation in primum ASD and P-A prolongation in secundum ASD. The mean H-V interval was significantly prolonged in ostium primum ASD and in patients with severe aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency. and mitral regurgitation. Grouping of the patients physiologically revealed that patients with moderate-to-severe right ventricular volume overload had P-H prolongation, and patients with severe left ventricular volume or pressure overload had H-V prolongation. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 832345 TI - Differentiation of transiently ischemic from infarcted myocardium by serial imaging after a single dose of thallium-201. AB - Myocardial 201Tl uptake and regional blood flow by the microsphere technique were determined in anesthetized dogs undergoing either 20 min of coronary occlusion and 100 min of reperfusion (N = 10) or 120 min of occlusion (N = 4). In both groups, 201Tl was injected intravenously after 10 min of occlusion. In transiently occluded dogs, regional flow at the time of 201Tl administration was reduced to 8 +/- 3% of normal flow in endocardial layers of the central ischemic zone. After 100 min of reperfusion, flow values were not significantly different from normal. 201Tl activity after reperfusion rose to 56 +/- 5% of normal, demonstrating that redistribution of the radionuclide occurred during the reflow period. In animals with persistent occlusion, there was a significant relationship between 201Tl uptake and flow (r = 0.95) and no evidence of redistribution of 201Tl during the two hour occlusion period. In another five dogs receiving 201Tl, serial gamma camera images obtained during reperfusion showed increasing uptake of the tracer in apical defects which returned to normal by 4 hours of reflow. Thirteen patients with stable angina received 2 mCi of 201Tl intravenously at peak exercise, and multiple gamma camera images obtained serially. All demonstrated zones of diminished 201Tl uptake 10 min after exercise. Defects which partially or completely disappeared within 1-6 hours postexercise corresponded to areas supplied by coronary arteries with significant stenoses. Persistent defects were present in regions of old myocardial infarction. Six additional patients with acute myocardial infarction demonstrated 201Tl myocardial defects which showed no significant change over 6 hours. Thus, redistribution of 201Tl into ischemic myocardium was demonstrated during transient coronary occlusion in dogs and after exercise stress in man. Sequential imaging after a single dose of 201Tl at the time of exercise may provide a means for distinguishing between transient perfusion abnormalities or ischemia and myocardial infarction of scar. PMID- 832347 TI - The effects of heart rate, myocardial ischemia and vagal stimulation on the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. AB - The minimum current required to cause ventricular fibrillation was determined by electrical stimulation of the normal or ischemic canine left ventricle. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in the normal heart decreased when the heart rate was rapid. Strong vagal stimulation did not affect the ventricular fibrillation threshold when the heart rate was fixed. The fall in the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia was greater and more prolonged when the heart rate was rapid. These findings indicate the importance of the immediate correction of tachycardia in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 832346 TI - Infarct size estimated from serial serum creatine phosphokinase in relation to left ventricular hemodynamics. AB - In 50 patients with proven acute myocardial infarction (AMI), left ventricular hemodynamics (pulmonary end-diastolic pressure [PAEDP]; cardiac index [CI]; stroke volume index [SVI]; and SVI/PAEDP were related to the size of the acute infarct. Acute infarct mass was calculated from serial determinations of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) every two hours, using a computer program. In 15 cases postmortem measurement of acute infarct size after staining with Nitro-BT was made and correlated with calculated infarct size. Correlation in this limited number of cases was good with a mean difference of 7 g. Acute infarct mass in 38 survivors was 46 +/- 5 g and was significantly smaller (P less than 0.05) than in the 12 nonsurvivors (76 +/- 12 g.) PAEDP in surviving patients was significantly lower (17 +/- 1 mm Hg) and SVI (36 ml/m2) and SVI/PAEDP (2.4 ml/m2/mm Hg) significantly higher than in the nonsurvivors (PAEDP: 24 mm Hg; SVI: 23 ml/m2; SVI/PAEDP: 0.86 ml/m2/mm Hg) (P less than 0.001 for all differences). Similar significant differences were observed between patients not in shock and those in cardiogenic shock. Although in 39 patients, in whom the infarction was their first, infarct mass was larger (58 +/- 6 g) than in 11 patients with repeat infarctions (37 +/- 8 g), left ventricular hemodynamics were slightly more impaired in reinfarctions (PAEDP: 21 +/- 3 mm Hg; CI:2.60 L/min/m2) than in first infarctions (PAEDP: 18 +/- 1 mm Hg; CI:2.82 L/min/m2). The occurrence of cardiogenic shock was a strong predictor of death; however, the wide scatter of the data for the parameters cardiac index, PAEDP, and acute acute infarct mass precluded their usefulness, when taken individually, in predicting survival. When a relationship between hemodynamics and infarct size was looked for, four constellations of individual patients were identified. These groups were defined by PAEDPs of above or below 18 mm Hg and infarct sizes above or below 65 g. Class A patients (N = 22) had a small infarct (29 +/- 4 g) and good pump function (PAEDP: 13 mm Hg; SVI: 40 ml/m2; SVI/PAEDP: 3.27 ml/m2/mm Hg); prognosis was good for these patients. In class B (N = 13) the infarct was large (96 +/- 8 g) and pump function markedly impaired (PAEDP: 26 mm Hg; SVI: 24 ml/m2; SVI/PAEDP: 0.98 ml/m2/mm Hg); 54% of these patients died. Five patients in class C had, in the presence of a large infarct (84 g), only a slightly elevated PAEDP of 17 mm Hg and an almost normal SVI of 37 ml/m2. In contrast, the ten class D patients had an infarct size (34 g) similar to that in class A, but high PAEDP (23 mm Hg) and moderately reduced SVI (31 ml/m2). In this group a high incidence of reinfarctions (six out of ten) occurred. It is concluded that infarct mass calculated from serial CPK analysis, as a single parameter, cannot be used to predict mortality or development of cardiogenic shock in an individual patient. PMID- 832349 TI - Variability in the analysis of coronary arteriograms. AB - Variability in coronary arteriogram readings was studied by having cine films from ten patients read by eleven readers. Three of the eleven subsequently met as an expert panel to provide a joint evaluation which could serve as a standard. Considerable variability was found between individual readers and between readers and the panel. The average standard deviation for estimation of any segmental stenosis by any single reader was 18%. Disagreement about the number of major vessels with a 70% stenosis occurred 31% of the time. Discrepancies were most likely to occur in analyzing distal arterial segments, in reading nonopacified segments, and during analysis of films showing more severe disease or having poorer technical quality. Recent experience in reading arteriograms seemed to be the most important characteristic in determining the accuracy of a reader. A protocol for the use of three readers is suggested. PMID- 832348 TI - Contrasting influences of alterations in ventricular preload and afterload upon systemic hemodynamics, function, and metabolism of ischemic myocardium. AB - This study of anesthetized, open-chest dogs compares the effects of primary increases in left ventricular preload and afterload upon global and regional myocardial function and metabolism in the presence of a left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (LAD). When LAD flow was reduced to 40-50% of control, regional systolic shortening declined by 20 to 25% and regional lactate extraction changed to production. In seven control dogs the mechanical abnormalities persisted during the 30 min of observation, but lactate production was reduced spontaneously. In ten dogs, increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) during dextran infusion were associated with increases in cardiac output and regional systolic shortening; however, regional lactate production also increased (P less than 0.05) despite an augmentation in LAD flow. In seven dogs mean arterial pressure increased by an average of 32 mm Hg during angiotensin infusion (0.2 to 0.4 mug/kg/min); LVEDP did not change but cardiac output decreased significantly. LAD artery flow improved markedly and lactate production shifted to extraction (P less than 0.05) while systolic shortening remained unchanged. When angiotensin was discontinued, lactate extraction worsened again. Thus, in the presence of a severe coronary stenosis, a primary increase in preload improves cardiac output but at the expense of aggravated ischemia. In contrast, a primary increase in afterload reduces cardiac output but may improve perfusion and lactate uptake of the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 832350 TI - Quantitative coronary arteriography: estimation of dimensions, hemodynamic resistance, and atheroma mass of coronary artery lesions using the arteriogram and digital computation. AB - More accurate characterization of coronary artery lesions is needed for evaluation of short and long-term interventions in coronary disease. A method of segmental artery analysis has been developed to maximize the information obtained from coronary arteriograms. Coronary lesions are traced from two projected, perpendicular, 35 mm cineangiographic views and transmetted, in digital form, to a PDP 11/45 computer. Magnification and distortion of the image are compensated for in order to determine the actual vessel profiles, using the catheter and its location as a scaling device. The two views are matched; a spatial representation of the vessel centerline is constructed mathematically; and orthogonal vessel diameters are computed at increments along this centerline. Assuming an elliptical lumen, the absolute and percentage reduction in diameter and cross sectional area in the stenosis are computed. More complex functions (integrated atheroma mass, Poiseuille resistance, and orifice resistance) are then calculated. The accuracy and variability of the different steps involved in lesion analysis have been determined. Dimensional accuracies of +/- 150 microns (SD) are feasible. Examples are given of patients with Prinzmetal's angina and with progressive coronary disease. PMID- 832351 TI - Interventricular septal motion in patients with proximal and distal left anterior descending coronary artery lesions. AB - In order to evaluate the ability of the echocardiogram to detect and localize left main or left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery lesions, 43 patients were studied. The systolic excursion of the left side of the septum and the ratio of posterior wall to septal excursion were measured. Seventeen patients had no LAD lesions; all had systolic septal excursion of 3 mm or greater. Twelve patients with septal excursion of 2 mm or less all had left main or LAD lesions, but 14 other patients with LAD lesions had septal excursions of 3 mm or greater. Nine of 16 patients with LAD lesions proximal to the first septal branch had reduced or absent septal excursion, as did three of ten with LAD lesions distal to the first septal branch. In a setting of coronary artery disease reduced or absent septal motion on echocardiography suggests involvement of the left main or left anterior descending coronary. However, the technique is relatively insensitive, with 54% of the LAD patients having normal septal motion. PMID- 832352 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of vegetative endocarditis. AB - Real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography was used to document the presence and assess the size and location of vegetative lesions of the cardiac valves and chambers in seven patients with bacterial endocarditis. Anatomic correlation (surgical or autopsy) was accurate in all patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography was shown to be of particular value in determining morphologic characteristics of the lesions since this technique provides spatial information concerning moving cardiac structures. The results of two-dimensional echocardiography were most helpful in determining selected aspects of the clinical care provided for each patient. These data demonstrate that real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography, in combination with M-mode imaging techniques, may be of great potential value in the detection of vegetative endocarditis. Furthermore, reliable assessment of lesion size and location may, in time, become a valuable method for following the morphologic changes that occur in vegetative lesions, and thus determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. This information may also provide a means for evaluating certain patients for surgical intervention. PMID- 832353 TI - Cardiac function in total anomalous pulmonary venous return before and after surgery. AB - Cardiac performance was evaluated in 12 infants with isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Four had significant pulmonary venous obstruction and severe pulmonary hypertension (group A). Eight had no obvious venous obstruction, and the pulmonary pressures were lower (group B). In all subjects, right ventricular end-diastolic volume was increased (197% of predicted normal) and its ejection fraction was normal. Left ventricular volume was, generally speaking, still in the normal range (87% of predicted normal); however, its ejection fraction was reduced (0.57 vs normal of 0.73) and left ventricular output was low (3.08 L/min/m2 vs normal of 3.98). Left atrial volume was consistently small (53% of predicted normal) with an appendage of normal size. The infants in group A had smaller chamber volumes/m2 BSA than those in group B. Left atrial function was abnormal, characterized by reduced reservoir function and a greater role as "conduit" from right atrium to left ventricle. Left atrial size was not found to be critical in the surgical repair of TAPVR. Cardiac function is restored to normal following surgery. PMID- 832354 TI - The relationship between the metabolism of procainamide and sulfamethazine. AB - The metabolism of sulfamethazine (SMZ), which is acetylated by a binodally distributed enzyme, and procainamide (PA) was compared in 21 normal volunteers, each given a single oral dosted metabolites, N-acetyl-procainamide (NAPA) and Ac SMZ, were measured. Subjects with less than 64% Ac-SMZ in the 0-8 hour collection were termed "slow" and those with more than 64% were termed "fast" SMZ acetylators. Slow SMZ acetylators had 9.8 to 43.8% (24.1 +/- 10.13) NAPA recovered, and fast SMZ acetylators, 22.0 to 42.6% (33.7 +/- 7.29) NAPA, P less than 0.01. In addition, the calculated half-life of PA metabolism for slow SMZ acetylators was 9.0 to 33.8 hours (18.4 +/- 8.82) and for fast SMZ acetylators was 8.1 to 14.4 hours (10.9 +/- 2.19), P less than 0.01. For four subjects, SMZ acetylation phenotype did not correlate with the half-life of SMZ or PA metabolism; and in two, SMZ acetylation phenotype and half-life of metabolism did not correlate with the same PA indices. Even though slow SMZ acetylators have less NAPA recovered than fast SMZ acetylators, it is not yet clear that procainamide is metabolized by a bimodally distributed enzyme as is sulfamethazine. PMID- 832355 TI - The effects of minoxidil on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in hypertensive man. AB - Pulmonary hypertension has been described as a possible complication of the antihypertensive vasodilator, minoxidil. A prospective study was undertaken in seven severely hypertensive patients refractory to multiple drug therapy. Treatment was initiated with fixed doses of hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg/day) and propranolol (160 mg/day) for a control period. Mean systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and pulmonary artery pressure were then compared before and after the addition of acute (5 day) and chronic (2 month) therapy with minoxidil. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased from a control value of 135 mm Hg to a value of 104 mm Hg acutely and 108 mm Hg chronically. Significant increases in mean cardiac output occurred with minoxidil therapy (from 4.2 L/min control to 5.4 L/min acutely and 5.1 L/min chronically) despite concomitant propranolol treatment. Mean pulmonary artery pressure did not increase either acutely or chronically. The data suggest that in patients with normal pulmonary hemodynamics prior to treatment, pulmonary hypertension does not develop during two months of minoxidil therapy. PMID- 832356 TI - XXII. Intractable paroxysmal tachycardias which proved fatal in type A Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Paroxysmal tachycardias proved fatal in a middle-aged man with type A Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Efforts to control his arrhythmias included a surgical incision into the left atrium, based on discovery of early left ventricular activation during epicardial mapping. The incision did not alter any electrocardiographic or clinical feature; at later necropsy examination it was found that the incision had not cut a nearby left atrioventricular (A-V) connection. Serial section study of the entire A-V rings and septal junction of this heart also demonstrated a second unusual A-V connection, between the atrial septum and the region of the His bundle. This latter connection was anatomically eccentric to the normal organization of this region and may have caused an alteration in the local electrophysiological behavior. The left lateral A-V connection may have been of no electrophysiological significance since it was composed of ordinary working myocardial cells. These and other possible correlations are discussed in the context of the clinical features, numerous electrophysiological observations, and the meticulously determined anatomical findings. PMID- 832357 TI - Prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients by low-dose heparin: prepared by the Council on Thrombosis of the American Heart Association. AB - Presently available data indicate that low-dose heparin will significantly diminish postoperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients over the age of 40 subjected to major elective abdomino-thoracic surgery. The schedule is 5,000 USP units of heparin subcutaneously beginning two hours before operation and continued every twelve hours (10,000 units per day) until the patient is discharged. Whether anticoagulent therapy should be continued after discharge should be decided on an individual basis. Preoperative tests for patients on this regimen should include an hematocrit, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastic time, and a platelet count. They should also not be receiving aspirin or other platelet anti-aggregating agents for five days before operation. The efficacy of this regimen is complemented by the fact that it is well tolerated by the patient and requires no laboratory monitoring. However, it does produce a definite but acceptably low frequency of minor intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. This low-dose regimen has not proved effective in open prostatectomy or major orthopedic operations. Data are not available concerning the drug's safety in patients receiving spinal or epidural anesthesia. Nor is it recommended for operations on the eye, brain or in patients who are experiencing an active thrombotic process. More than five million individuals over the age of 40 undergo major general surgical operations annually in this country. One or two out of each thousand of these patients will die postoperatively from pulmonary embolism. If low dose heparin prophylaxis in 80% effective, then the possibility exists of saving 4,000 to 8,000 lives annually. Such an impact might be realized if physicians are prepared to recommend the low-dose heparin regimen as primary prophylaxis for all hemostatically competent patients over the age of 40 who undergo abdomino-thoracic surgery. PMID- 832358 TI - Comparison of estimates of long-term analytical variation derived from subject samples and control serum. AB - Variation in the assays of uniform control serum commonly are assumed to represent day-to-day analytical variation. To test this assumption, we compared the differences between results of serum aliquots assayed immediately for 12 constituents and frozen aliquots accumulated and assayed on a single day with the results of control serum variation from the same period. One aliquot of each weekly sample was stored frozen. Eleven subjects were sampled for 12 weeks. Storage at --20 degrees C for 15 weeks had a mild destructive effect on two enzymes in serum. The control serum data revealed significant linear trends in magnesium (upwards) and alkaline phosphatase (downwards) that substantially increased the respective variances. In the other 10 constituents tested, comparison of variances indicated that long-term (weeks) variation in control serum assays is similar to the difference of variation between aliquots assayed immediately and those frozen and assayed at the same time. For these constituents, this finding justifies the use of control serum to estimate long term analytical variation. PMID- 832359 TI - Automated turbidimetry of amylase activity by use of a discrete kinetic analyzer. AB - We adopted an automated turbidimetric rate method for determining amylase activity to the KA-150 Kinetic Analyzer. In the method, an insoluble amylopectin substrate is used with activity determined by the rate of decrease in turbidity. Run-to-run CV for 59 samples with activities up to 400 units (arbitrary amylase units per 100 ml of sample) was 2.8%. A comparison with a similar method, performed by nephelometry, for 104 sera, showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.992, with a slope of 1.02. In an additional comparison with an amyloclastic method, for 52 sera r was 0.997, with a slope of 1.01. Day-to-day precision for control sera with activities near the upper limit of normal (279 and 216 units) averaged 2.5% during two months. Measured and calculated activity were linearly related to well above the upper limit of normal (normal range, 60-200 arbitrary units), showing a deviation from linearity of about 10% at 450 units. Commercial reagents available for the Perkin-Elmer Model 91 Amylase Lipase Analyzer can be used with the KA-150. PMID- 832360 TI - Simplified micro-scale procedure for preparing samples for theophylline determination by liquid chromatography. AB - We describe an improved procedure for the preparation of plasma or serum for determination of theophylline by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative results are available in less than 30 min from receipt of sample. The chromatogram is complete in 8 to 16 min, which includes the use of an internal standard. Sample preparation consists of simple solvent denaturation of the sample proteins, and centrifugation to remove protein before chromatography. No precolumn is required to pretect the separating column. No interference was noted when sodium or lithium heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetate were used as anticoagulants, but citrate treatment proved to be unsatisfactory because of a highly absorbing band that eluted with the same retention volume as theophylline. PMID- 832361 TI - Evaluation of urinalysis methods used in 35 Israeli laboratories. PMID- 832362 TI - Characteristics of binding between reagent-strip indicators and urinary proteins. AB - We describe the binding characteristics of two indicator dyes that are widely used in commercial "dip-stick" indicators for protein in urine. Binding was studied by both gel filtration chromatography and by spectrophotometric titrations. The results demonstrate that the well-known lack of sensitivity of these strips to proteins other than albumin relates to the number and affinity of binding sites on these proteins as compared to albumin. The data suggest that these test strips can screen more effectively for albuminuria than for other proteinurias. PMID- 832363 TI - Evaluation and comparison of 10 glucose methods and the reference method recommended in the proposed product class standard (1974). PMID- 832364 TI - Double spike in the electropherogram of a myeloma serum, from Bence Jones protein. AB - Serum from a 71-year-old man with multiple myeloma complicated with renal failure showed a monoclonal IgG lambda. A second spike appearing in the serum protein electropherogram, suggesting a biclonal gammopathy, was found to be due to lambda Bence Jones protein (29.9 g/liter). Lambda Bence Jones protein was also found in smaller concentration (3.8 g/liter) in the urine. Tetramers of Bence Jones protein were not demonstrable by gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, and renal failure was probably the main reason for this very high concentration of Bence Jones protein in the serum. PMID- 832365 TI - Improved continuous flow enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol and triglycerides. PMID- 832366 TI - Urinary peptides inhibit DNA synthesis in vitro in certain cultured neoplastic cells. PMID- 832367 TI - Evaluation of a commericially available colorimetric method for calcium as performed with the Abbott ABA-100. PMID- 832368 TI - Factors affecting delta-aminolevulinate measurement. PMID- 832369 TI - Quantitative alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. AB - We present a new method for quantitative determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. This method consists of electrophoretic separation on cellulose acetate membranes, special fixation technique to avoid elution and diffusion of enzyme protein during incubation, specific staining, and quantitative evaluation by densitometric measurement. We highly recommend the precedure for routine clinical laboratory use. In all normal individuals we observe two isoenzymes of hepatic origin and one isoenzyme each of osseous, intestinal, and biliary origin. Quantitative normal values are presented. Precision of the method is calculated, the CV being less than 10%. The exactness of densitometric quantification is proved by comparison with kinetic assay of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by use of an elution method. Clinical implications of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymograms are reported and discussed in detail. PMID- 832371 TI - Determination of plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - We describe a method for determining plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma and hemolyzed whole blood are diluted and analyzed, with use of a lithium hollow-cathode lamp, at 670.8 nm. Erythrocyte lithium concentrations are calculated indirectly from the hematocrit. The standard deviation for a 0.43 mmol/liter pool of whole blood, run daily over 11 months, was +/-20 mumol/liter (CV=5.1). The lithium concentration of a lyophilized pool assayed periodically over the same period (n=127) was 1.84+/-0.05 mmol/liter (CV=2.7%). The relatively low erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratio and the microhematocrit centrifugation force (9600 to 13 600 X g) make corrections for trapped plasma insignificant. Problems with matrix matching and viscosity are overcome by using a plasma pool standard for calculations. Values for erythrocyte lithium concentrations were unchanged in samples stored at room temperature up to 24 h. Hemolysis appears to be of possible clinical significance. This method is useful as a routine clinical laboratory procedure for monitoring patients with affective disorders, who are undergoing therapy with lithium. PMID- 832370 TI - Fetal lung maturity, as assessed by gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phospholipid palmitic acid in amniotic fluid. AB - We describe a new and specific method for measurement of lecithin palmitic acid in amniotic fluid. Dipalmitoyl lecithin, the major alveolar surfactant, has previously been estimated by measuring the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio, total lecithin, total phospholipid phosphorus, and (or) total palmitic acid. Our method is more specific for estimation of dipalmitoyl lecithin, because nonphospholipid sources of palmitic acid are removed by solvent extraction. Using a hexane/2 propanol/sulfuric acid system, we obviated the major interferences from triglycerides and free fatty acids. The palmitic acid derived from the phospholipid fraction is measured by gas-liquid chromatography of its methyl ester. No contribution appears to be made by sphingomyelin palmitic acid- probably owing to the mild hydrolysis conditions. The measured palmitic acid therefore appears to be derived from lecithins, principally dipalmitoyl lecithin. The value for palmitic acid determined by this method correlates well with the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio and total phospholipid phosphorus. Infants are unlikely to develop respiratory distress syndrome when the measured palmitic acid in amniotic fluid exceeds 8.0 mg/liter, which corresponds to an lecithin sphingomyelin ratio of 2.0. PMID- 832372 TI - New approach to determination of total ketone bodies in serum. AB - We describe a one-step assay for total ketone bodies in serum. D-BETA Hydroxybutyrate is enzymatically oxidized by NAD+ to acetoacetate. This thermodynamically unfavorable reaction is driven to completion by coupling it with the enzymatic reduction of pyruvate by NADH. The acetoacetate so formed, as well as the pre-existing acetoacetate, is quantitatively decarboxylated to acetone in a gas chromatograph and measured directly. Thus by a single measurement for acetone, all three ketone bodies are simultaneously determined. In light of the ubiquity of situations associated with augmented ketone body production, the clinical implications of this approach are extensive. PMID- 832373 TI - Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum/plasma pairs. AB - Serum/plasma pairs of samples from 506 subjects were analyzed for cholesterol and triglycerides (triacylglycerols). In the 1 to 5 g/liter range for both cholesterol and triglycerides, values for serum averaged about 3% higher than the corresponding plasma values. We derived equations for the best-fitting lines relating the gram per liter concentrations of cholesterol and of triglycerides in serum and plasma: [Serum cholesterol] = 1.036[plasma cholesterol] -- 1.380[Serum triglyceride] = 1.031[plasma triglyceride] -- 0.37 No clinical significance is attribuled to the observed serum plasma differences, but they may be of importance when cholesterol and triglyceride values from different clinical trials or epidemiological studies are being compared. PMID- 832374 TI - Gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric determination of theophylline in whole blood. AB - We describe a combined gas-chromatographic mass-spectrometric method for determination of theophylline in whole blood. With use of a probability-based matching approach, the extensive gas-chromatographic interference did not affect mass-spectrometric quantitation of theophylline. Concentrations expected and found were linearly related from 1 to 60 mg/liter; the run-to-run coefficient of variation was less than 8%, within-run less than 6%. Some other xan-thines and drugs frequently co-administered with theophylline did not affect results. Only 0.2 ml of blood is required, which makes the procedure useful for monitoring theophylline in newborns and pediatric populations. PMID- 832375 TI - New enzymic method for serum oxalate determination. PMID- 832376 TI - Combined gel filtration, biuret/copper method compared with an immunochemical method for urinary protein measurement. AB - We compared an immunochemical method specific for plasma proteins with a chemical method, in which interfering substances are separated by gel filtration and "total" urinary protein is determined by the biuret reaction followed by reaction of protein-bound copper with diethyldithiocarbamate after a second gel filtration to remove nonprotein-bound copper. More than 250 24-h urine samples were analyzed by each method. There was linear agreement and a correlation of 0.96 between the two methods, but urinary protein values determined by the immunochemical method, especially for patients with multiple myeloma, were lower than by the chemical method. PMID- 832377 TI - Comparison of human prostatic acid phosphatase by measurement of enzymatic activity and by radioimmunoassay. AB - We compared results of measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase activity in serum and various tissues by enzymatic assay and radioimmunoassay. By enzymatic assay, activity in serum is lost rapidly, even at room temperature. In contrast, there was no change in antigenic activity during 48 h by radioimmunoassay. The radioimmunoassay was more specific in 12 tissues and in serum than were several enzymatic assays that make use of inhibitors of the enzyme. The enzymatic assay resulted in 26.6% (24/90) false positives from non-prostatic cancer patients. In contrast, with radioimmunoassay there were only 5.5% (5/90) false positives. We conclude that immunological detection of prostatic acid phosphatase is the more reliable technique. PMID- 832378 TI - Determination of placental estriol in urine by gas-liquid chromatography, with equilenin as internal standard. AB - Placental estriol in urine can be determined by rapid enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction with neutral XAD-2 resin, and quantitation by gas-liquid chromatography, with equilenin as the internal standard. Glucose, methenamine mandelate, hydrochlorothiazide, phenolphthalein, or salicylate do not interfere. Analytical recovery of estriol added to urine was 92-108%. Day-to-day precison (CV), established by 15 repilicate analyses at a mean concentration of 21.3 mg/liter, was 6.6%. PMID- 832379 TI - Radioimmunoassay of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in serum and urine by using antisera of different specificities. AB - We raised high-titre antisera to two LSD-bovine serum albumin conjugates, one linked via the indole nitrogen, the other via the amide side-chain. The antisera were specific for different parts of the LSD molecule, as demonstrated by cross reactivity studies with LSD, its metabolites, ergot alkoloids, and closely related compounds. The antisera were used to develop a double-antibody radioimmunoassay with a detection limit of about 0.4 mug of LSD per liter of unextracted urine or serum. We saw no nonspecific interference by urine, serum, or from a series of commonly used drugs. There was good correlation between immunoassay values obtained with the two antisera (r = 0.91). However, the antiserum linked via the indole nitrogen gave consistently higher results for samples from persons who had taken LSD, owing to greater cross-reactivity with LSD metabolites. Radioimmunoassay by use of two such antisera is a more specific screening procedure for LSD abuse than has been available previously. In addition, antisera cross-reacting with LSD metabolites allow measurement of these compounds, for which there is no satisfactory method at the concentrations found in biological fluids in man. PMID- 832380 TI - Activation of alanine aminotransferase in serum by pyridoxal phosphate. AB - Alanine aminotransferase activity in serum increases significantly when serum is incubated with pyridoxal phosphate. The increase depends on the L-alanine concentration in the final assay mixture, being greatest at 800 mmol/liter. Preincubation of 22 normal sera, in a 10:1 ratio with an 8.09 mmol/liter pyridoxal phosphate solution, resulted in an increase in the alanine aminotransferase activity from 10.5 +/- 4.9 U/liter (mean +/- SD) to 28.4 +/- 5.3 U/liter, an increase of 170%. The absolute amount of apoalanine aminotransferase is relatively constant over a wide range of enzyme activities. PMID- 832381 TI - Automated system for infrared spectrometric analysis for total CO2 of plasma contained in capillary tubes. AB - We describe how to assay plasma total CO2 automatically, discretely, and highly specifically by infrared absorption spectrometry. Plasma, 50 mul, is sampled in disposable capillaries and inserted into a block wherein the specimens are protected from exposure to air. A sequencer advances the block and signals a dispenser to flush the sample into a reaction vessel with 2.6 ml fo 50 mmol/liter H2SO4. After 24 s of incubation, the evolved CO2 is swept into a 1-meter infrared gas cell by a stream of nitrogen. A recorder displays the resulting peak in absorbance units. Operation of all valves controlling gas and liquid flow is regulated by the sequencer. In the present version, the time required for analysis of one sample is 65 s. The sample size may be reduced by at least 10 fold and the time sequence accelerated to assay 70-80 specimens per hour. PMID- 832382 TI - Calorimetric enzymic measurement of uric acid in serum. AB - Uric acid in serum was determined calorimetrically with a batch type microcalorimeter, by measuring the heat evolved during a coupled uricase/catalase enzymic reaction in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane HCl buffer (pH 9.0 at 30 degrees C). Heat evolution and concentration are linearly related through the physiological range of serum uric acid concentrations and the method is free of interferences of the sort encountered with spectrophotometric methods. Precision and accuracy are good (CV, 2%) and the results correlate well with those obtained by a mechanized colorimetric uricase/peroxidase system. PMID- 832383 TI - Evaluation of current methods for creatine kinase isoenzyme fractionation. AB - I have evaluated electrophoretic, ion-exchange, kinetic, selective activation, and immunological methods of fractionating creatine kinase isoenzymes for diagnostic purposes. The last three were unsuitable. Electrophoretic methods had superior resolution and reliability, but were relatively insensitive when conventional film-drying techniques were used. With elution from the film, sensitivity was comparable to that of the ion-exchange methods. Electrophoretic methods require more skill than the other methods. Ion-exchange methods had acceptable resolution and reliability with potentially superior sensitivity; they require less skill than electrophoresis, but require about as much time. Batch operation of ion-exchange yielded superior efficiency and sensitivity, and was otherwise comparable to column operation. PMID- 832384 TI - New, advantageous approach to the direct radioimmunoassay of cortisol. AB - Radioimmunoassay of serum cortisol is simplified by a unique solution to the problem of eliminating competition between cortisol-binding globulin and cortisol immunoglobulin. Increasing incubation temperature tends to release cortisol from its carrier protein while favoring the immunoglobulin reaction. We applied this methodology, using reagents supplied as a commercial kit. Serum, 5 mul, is diluted with 125I-containing(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and incubated at 45 degrees C for 1 h, then aspirated. All standards are constituted in steroid deprived serum. The clinical validity of the method is supported by comparisons with conventional methods during months of use under routine laboratory conditions. The simplified method also offers improved performance characteristics and, as described, if fully instrumented. The significance of this use of thermodynamic properties is discussed in terms of more general applicability. PMID- 832385 TI - Quantitative gas-chromatographic flame-ionization method for chloramphenicol in human serum. AB - We describe a flame-ionization gas-chromatographic procedure for determination of the potentially toxic antibiotic, chloramphenical, in serum. The serum (500 mul) is extracted into ethyl acetate and nonpolar impurities are subsequently partitioned into hexane. The drug is chromatographed as its bis-trimethylsilyl derivative, with the analog thiamphenicol as the internal standard. Within-run precision (CV) is 4.4% at a serum concentration of 41 mg/liter and 9.2% at a concentration of 5 mg/liter. Over a six-month period, the run-to-run variation was 5.1% at 40 mg/liter (n = 24). Results by the gas-chromatographic method compared well with those by an established colorimetric procedure; mean concentrations for the comparison samples in the two procedures were 18.4 mg/liter and 17.6 mg/liter, respectively (n = 27), with a coefficient of correlation of 0.998. The gas-chromatographic method is more precise and specific than classical microbiological procedures and is suitable for routine therapeutic monitoring of serum chloramphenicol concentrations. PMID- 832387 TI - Is lead poisoning still a problem? AB - Today, health professionals are concerned about whether asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic increases in lead absorption in preschool children is one of the important factors causing minimal brain dysfunction, which only becomes evident later during the school years. This concern arises, in part, because current screening data show that 5 to 10% of the children tested recently in the United States have a degree of increase in lead absorption sufficient to cause metabolic derangement in heme synthesis, but insufficient, with rare exception, to cause classical acute clinical symptoms of plumbism. These screening data are disturbing because similar increases in lead absorption in suckling (but not older) experimental animals have been shown in some studies to be followed by the delayed appearance of subtle deficits in learning ability and aberrations in behavior. Derangement of hemoglobin synthesis is the first adverse effect of increased lead absorption now detectable. Intervention on the basis of the first or critical effect of a toxic agent before more serious effects occur has advantages from the viewpoint of preventive medicine. Current CDC guidelines for prevention of childhood lead poisoning are based on this concept and recommend the use of micro-scale erythrocyte protoporphyrin tests in conjunction with micro blood lead tests for early detection of children with disturbed heme synthesis caused by lead. PMID- 832386 TI - Glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (total and isoenzyme activity) in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. AB - Enzyme "panels," in which creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in serum are measured, are useful indicators of myocardial infarction. We examined a further enzyme, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), by comparison with creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), in the early diagnosis of such infarctions. Results indicate that this total dehydrogenase appears in the serum before total creatine kinase activity; however, the lack of cardio-specificity relating to the dehydrogenase isoenzyme fraction 2 in comparison to the creatine kinase MB band is a major disadvantage, as is its relatively poor in vitro stability. We conclude that measurement of this dehydrogenase does not allow a substantially earlier diagnosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 832388 TI - History and background of protoporphyrin testing. AB - Lead intoxication was first associated with increased coproporphyrin excretion almost 100 years ago; but not until the 1930's were abnormalities in blood protoporphyrin detected. These later findings have been interpreted as an inhibition by lead of iron incorporation into protoporphyrin during heme synthesis. The testing and application of this hypothesis had to await three more decades of research during which prophyrin/heme biosynthesis was elucidated, control of the pathway was intensively studied, and methodology was greatly improved. The heme biosynthetic pathway is uniquely affected by lead at several sites. These toxic effects can be manifested as increased coproporphyrin and delta-aminolevulinate excretion, decreased erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase activity, and increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration, all of which have been used and promoted as diagnostic tests for lead intoxication. Among these, the last appears to be becoming the test of choice. The historical background of this development is discussed from a biochemical viewpoint. PMID- 832389 TI - Clinical aspects of porphyrin measurement, other than lead poisoning. AB - Measurement of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors has clinical significance beyond the detection or confirmation of lead poisoning. The porphyric diseases of man are characterized by the presence of a specific clinical syndrome and demonstration of abnormal porphyrin excretion or accumulation in the tissues. In addition, porphyrins accumulate in other disorders that are unrelated to lead poisoning or the porphyrias. These causes of erythrocyte porphyrin accumulation, porphyrinuria, and the porphyrias are discussed. PMID- 832390 TI - Free erythrocyte porphyrins in the detection of undue absorption of Pb and of Fe deficiency. AB - A fluorometric assay for free erythrocyte porphyrins (FEP) is described in detail, the direct test being used for the analysis of blood specimens collected with anticoagulants and the spot test for analysis of blood specimens collected on filter paper. A method for determining the amount of blood absorbed by different lots of filter paper is described. PMID- 832391 TI - The hematofluorometer. AB - A portable filter fluorometer, the hematofluorometer--which utilizes "front face" optics, internal standards, and digital computation capabilities--has been specifically designed for the rapid (approximately 5 s) assay of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin in unprocessed blood. A small (unmeasured) drop of blood, such as is obtained from a finger puncture, is placed on disposable cover slip and inserted in the sample holder of the instrument. The operator pushes the holder of the instrument. The operator pushes the holder, which also holds the permanent blank and standard, into the instrument. Zinc protoporphyrin concentration is automatically and instantaneously computed and the value is displayed on a digital readout as micrograms of zinc protoporphyrin per deciliter of blood for some standard hematocrit. No calibration adjustment need be performed by the operator. The hematofluorometer is designed for "field" use as well as for laboratory assays. PMID- 832393 TI - Increased serum carnitine concentration in renal insufficiency. AB - We measured serum carnitine in groups of patients with various diseases. The concentration was frequently above normal in patients with renal insufficiency. The clinical significance of such an increase in renal insufficiency may be analogous to that of increases in urea nitrogen, creatinine, or uric acid in the serum. PMID- 832392 TI - Simpler flame photometric determination of erythrocyte sodium and potassium: the reference range for apparently healthy adults. AB - Separated erythrocytes are washed repeatedly with iso-osmolar magnesium chloride solution, lysed by adding saponin, and sodium potassium measured in the diluted hemolysate by flame photometry. The coefficient of variation for the method was less than 4%. Reference intervals determined for a healthy population and hospitalized (elective surgery) patients without electrolyte disorders were 4.6 7.8 mmol/liter for erythrocyte sodium concentration and 94-110 mmol/liter for erythrocyte potassium concentration (2.5-97.5 percentiles). PMID- 832394 TI - Enzymic measurement of cholesterol in serum with the CentrifiChem centrifugal analyzer. AB - Cholesterol is measured by mixing 5 mul of sample with 350 mul of a reagent consisting of phenol, 4-aminoantipyrine, and the enzymes cholesterol oxidase, cholesterol esterase, and peroxidase. After 12 min, the resulting quinoneimine is measured at 520 nm. Readings and cholesterol concentrations are linearly related up to 4.0 g/liter. Lipemic sera and samples containing uric acid (up to 200 mg/liter), hemoglobin (up to 1 g/liter), and certain drugs (clofibrate, phenobarbital, nicotinic acid, Ketochol, Ovral-28), gave no interference. Abnormally high concentrations of bilirubin and ascorbic acid in serum lowered the cholesterol values. This enzymic assay, compared with the method of Abell and with a rate method that uses the Hantzsch reaction, gave correlation coefficients of 0.987 and 989, respectively. PMID- 832395 TI - Compensation by zinc chelation for fluorescent background in determining coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin in urine. AB - An improved method for separation and fluorescent analysis of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin in urine was presented by Sobel, Cano, and Thiers [Clin. Chem. 20, 1397 (1974)]. Accurate determination of porphyrin concentrations by this method is impeded by the fluorescent background in urine samples, which varies from one specimen to another. By use of a straightforward procedure, zinc may be incorporated into coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin. Measurement of the difference in the fluorescent emission intensity at 650 nm for the porphyrin solutions before and after zinc incorporation compensates for fluorescent background and gives a more accurate determination. PMID- 832396 TI - Fluorometric estimation of triglycerides in serum by a modification of the method of Bucolo and David. AB - An enzymic, flurometric method is described for determination of triglycerides (and glycerol) in blood serum, a modification of the method of Bucolo and David [Clin. Chem. 19, 476 (1973)]. Commercially available reagent kits are used. The rate of disappearance of NADH fluorescence at 460 nm (excitation wavelength, 365 nm) is monitored and related to serum triglyceride concentration, corrected for the content of free glycerol. We compared the results obtained fluorometrically to the ultraviolet spectrophotometric Boehringer Neutral Fat method used at Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen. Instrument response and concentration were linearly related in the range 0.27 to 2.7 mmol of triglycerides per liter of serum with the fluorometric method. The CV was 0.9% for the fluorometric method, 3.7% for the spectrophotometric procedure. The fluorometric method requires less reagents, time, and calculations than does the spectrophotometric method. PMID- 832397 TI - Measurement of serum magnesium with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We show how serum magnesium can be determined with a centrifugal analyzer. The method is based upon a manual procedure involving magnesium/calmagite complex formation in an alkaline reagent mixture. The assay, performed at 30 degrees C, requires 5 mul of serum in a final reaction volume of 405 mul, including 350 mul of reagent mixture. The stable color produced at 1 min is measured at 520 nm. Linearity studies showed that Beer's law was followed to 50 mg/liter. Average analytical recovery was 97.3%. Within-day studies showed CV's of 3.36% and 1.09%, compared to day-to-day variations of 5.32% and 3.04% at 18.8 and 46.6 mg of magnesium per liter, respectively. Correlation studies with the manual method, the Du Pont aca (methylthymol blue compleximetric) procedure, and atomic absorption spectroscopy showed correlation coefficients of 0.996, 0.976, and 0.950, respectively. Results compare excellently with those by common present methods. The method is fast, economical, reliable, and applicable to small specimen volumes. PMID- 832399 TI - Use of desk-top programmable calculator in method-development studies and reference-interval determinations. PMID- 832398 TI - Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy--an insufficiently recognized syndrome. AB - Spectacular transient increases in serum alkaline phosphatase were observed in five infants in the absence of demonstrable pathology. PMID- 832400 TI - Petides in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 832401 TI - Can quality-control sera be distinguished from patients sera by appearance. PMID- 832402 TI - Noncorrelation between serum gold and complement concentrations. PMID- 832404 TI - Sodium fluoride stabilizes insulin at room temperature. PMID- 832405 TI - Mild forearm exercise during venipunture, and its effect on potassium determinations. PMID- 832403 TI - [Consistency during 13 months of free thyroid index, triiodothyronine uptake and serum thyroxine, in normal persons]. PMID- 832406 TI - Defect in the method for 125I-labeled folate radioassays. PMID- 832407 TI - Use of "Corvac" system in serum iron determination. PMID- 832408 TI - [Criticism of "end-point parameter" adjustment in analyzing RIA data]. PMID- 832409 TI - Sensitivity for hemoglobin S of electrophoresis on citrate agar gel. PMID- 832410 TI - Simple gas chromatographic analysis of plasma dopa and dopamine. AB - A method for gas chromatographic analysis of plasma dopa and dopamine is described. Deproteinized plasma was shaken with acid washed aluminium oxide at pH 8.8. Dopa and dopamine were eluted from alumina with weak acids and evaporated to dryness. The pentafluoropropionic derivative of dopamine and the trifluoroacetic derivate of dopa were made and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Alpha-methyl derivatives of each substance were used as internal standards. Linearity of plasma working curves of each substance was good. This method was applied to the assay of plasma samples from Parkinsonian patients under treatment with L-dopa with or without peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitors. The method described is sensitive and simple enough to monitor the blood levels of dopa and dopamine of these patients. PMID- 832411 TI - Porphyrin synthesis in blood cells of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - The protoporphyrin accumulation observed in the red blood cells of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria can be explained by decreased activity of the enzyme heme synthetase or by increased production of porphyrins in the affected cells. In literature experimental evidence both for a partial heme synthetase deficiency and for increased porphyrin biosynthesis has been presented. In a group of ten patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria the biosynthesis of porphyrins from delta-aminolevulinic acid and from glycine-succinic acid appeared to be normal in peripheral blood cells. These results are consistent with the partial heme synthetase deficiency previously found to be the basic defect of this disease. PMID- 832412 TI - Pigment binding of copper in human bile. AB - The copper profile of human bile was studied using a Cu-free preparative polyacrylamide gel system. 85 percent and 91 percent of the Cu in the bile of two subjects was found in a leading pigmented band with no additional detectable copper in the remainder of the gel in either subject. The content of the pigmented band was recovered from the gel by an intermediate electrophoretic technique. Subsequent n-butanol extraction removed contaminating bile salts with the formation of a Cu containing pigmented precipitate. Using thin-layer cellulose chromatography this precipitate was separated into two pigments which on the basis of color and diazotization reaction were believed to be conjugated bilirubins. Addition of Cu transformed the pigments into biochemically different species. 64Cu verified copper binding by the altered pigments. PMID- 832414 TI - Erythrocyte phospholipids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 832415 TI - Comments on adipocyte sizing. PMID- 832416 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Provisional recommendation on quality control in clinical chemistry. Part 6. Quality requirements from the point of view of health care. PMID- 832413 TI - Plasma arginine esterase activity in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. AB - Using a micro-method for the determination of plasma arginine esterase activity, we have investigated the values for soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI)-inhibited arginine esterase activity in patients with cystic fibrosis, obligate heterozygotes and age matched control individuals. The mean of STI-inhibited activity is lowest for cystic fibrosis patients while the mean for normal controls is the highest. The mean of STI-inhibited activity for the heterozygotes is midway between the values of the patients and the normal individuals. The deficiency of arginine esterase activity was statistically significant for both cystic fibrosis patients and heterozygotes. PMID- 832417 TI - Gas chromatographic studies of twenty metabolically important acylglycines. AB - Methylene unit values of methyl esters of twenty acylglycines of biomedical importance on three gas chromatographic columns are described. Sixteen of them were synthesized. These methylene unit values are not only of value in diagnosis of patients of known organic acidemias, but also in detecting and characterizing those of possible "new" organic acidemias. PMID- 832418 TI - Determination of amniotic fluid palmitic acid concentration for the estimation of fetal lung maturity. AB - Palmitic acid concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) were determined in 135 patients with normal and pathological pregnancies between the 27th and 42nd week of gestation. There was a sharp rise in the mean palmitic acid concentration after the 34th weeks of gestation from 2.7 mug/ml to 9.9 mug/ml at term. This increase is almost identical with the rise of AF-lecithin. It was found that between 70% and 100% of AF-palmitic acid originates from lecithin. 65 patients were delivered within 24 h after amniotic fluid sampling. 7 infants of these patients developed a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In all cases with RDS AF-palmitic acid concentration was far below 5 mug/ml. Assuming an AF-palmitic acid concentration greater than 5 mug/ml for characterising fetal lung maturity (=no RDS), there were no false negative results, but 16% false positive results. However, the determination of AF-palmitic acid concentration seems to be a most reliable method for the assessment of fetal lung maturity. PMID- 832419 TI - Hypothyroidism, an important cause of reversible hyperlipidemia. AB - Primary hypothyroidism was found to be the cause of hyperlipidemia in 22 patients. The mean age was 46 years, 59% were males, 27% had vascular disease, 14% had xanthomas and 86% had thyroid antibodies. Familial involvement was shown in 3 propositi. All patients were treated with L-thyroxine, 0.05--0.2 mg/day for a mean of 16 months. Combined hyperlipidemia was common (77%), and lipoprotein phenotyping revealed types IIB hyperlipopro-teinemia in 11, IIA in 5, III in 3 and IV in 3 patients. With treatment, normal plasma cholesterol (less than 265 mg/dl) and triglycerides (less than 200 mg/dl) were obtained in 91% and 86%, respectively. The mean maintenance L-thyroxine dose was 0.15 mg/day, but smaller doses often showed marked hypolipidemic effect. The mean +/- S. D. pretreatment fasting plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were 387 +/- 120 and 328 +/-247 mg/dl and on thyroid treatment the mean minimum levels were 205 +/- 46 and 133 +/ 65 mg/dl, respectively (both p values less than 0.005). Hypothyroidism has proved to be a common reversible form of hyperlipidemia. One cardiac patient died and three others had to have their L-thyroxine titrated to prevent angina. Family screening has been of use in case finding for auto-immune disease in 3 families. PMID- 832420 TI - Estradiol receptors and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human breast tumors. AB - Estradiol receptors and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme induced by estrogens, were measured in both benign and malignant human breast tumors. The mean glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was higher in the malignant tumors than in the benign tumors. Tumors containing estradiol receptors contained higher activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase than tumors without receptors. In breast carcinomas with and without estradiol receptors glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase gave 3 isoenzymes with very similar electrophoretic pattern after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was higher in estradiol receptor positive than in estradiol receptor negative tumors there was no significant correlation between the estradiol receptor concentration and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human breast tumors. PMID- 832421 TI - Serum glyccylproline p-nitroanilidase activity in human hypertension. AB - Glycylproline p-nitroanilidase activity in serum from patients with essential hypertension was significantly higher than that from normotensive healthy subjects. In contrast, serum leucine beta-naphthylamidase activity did not differ significantly between hypertensive patients and normotensive controls. PMID- 832422 TI - Determination of paracetamol in human serum. AB - A procedure is described that gives quantitative extraction of paracetamol from serum. This, together with derivatisation and gas chromatography, provides a simple method that facilitates the rapid estimation of the drug in serum in the range 5--500 mg/litre. PMID- 832423 TI - Experience in the Netherlands with an external quality control and scoring system for clinical chemistry laboratories. AB - A procedure is described to judge the quality of clinical chemistry hospital laboratories in The Netherlands. In 1974, 45% of the laboratories took part in the national control scheme. A score system of the results, independent of the standard deviation, opens a provisional possibility to strive for (dynamic) reference laboratories. The Youden plots possibly will unveil systematic method differences. Discrepancies in results seem to be caused as much by methods/instruments applied, as by unknown factors which are under investigation now. PMID- 832424 TI - Separation of human renin substrate from renin and a major contaminating albumin using a concanavalin A-sepharose column. AB - Human plasma renin substrate was purified and separated from renin by a concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity column. Human renin substrate as well as renin were bound to concanavalin A. Renin substrate was eluted with 0.1 M D-glucose in 20 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.0. The specific activity increased from 38.5 to 653 ng of angiotensin-I equivalents per mg of protein (17-fold) and the recovery was 85%. Renin was eluted completely with 0.2 M alpha-D-methylglucoside and 0.2 M alpha-D-methylmannoside. PMID- 832425 TI - The determination of total cholesterol in serum by gas-liquid chromatography compared with two other methods. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method is described for the measurement of total cholesterol in serum. The method has been found to be simple, specific and precise. The results have been compared with the results of the enzymatic method of Roschlau, P., Bernt, E. and Gruber, W. (1974) (Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem. 12, 403) and with the results of an Auto-Analyzer method based on the manual method of Huang, T.C., Chen, C.P., Wefler, V. and Raftery, A. (1961) (Anal. Chem. 33, 1405) and Ness, A.T., Pastewka, J.V. and Peacock, A.C. (1964) (Clin. Chim. Acta 10, 229). The results of the gas-liquid chromatographic and of the enzymatic method show a high degree of correlation. The results of the Auto-Analyzer method are about 0.75 mmol/1 higher than those of the other two methods. The conclusion is drawn that the gas-liquid chromatographic method should be given consideration as a reference method for the measurement of total cholesterol in serum. It is a viable alternative for the generally accepted colorimetric reference method of Abell, L.L., Levy, B.B., Brodie, B.B. and Kendall, F.E. (1952) (J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357).